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The empirical formula is C20H21O4C1 and the molecular weight is 360.83; fenofibrate is insoluble in water. The melting point is 79-82°C. Fenofibrate is a white solid which is stable under ordinary conditions.
Fenofibrate Capsules USP meet USP Dissolution Test 2.
Inactive Ingredients: Each hard gelatin capsule contains Gelucire 44/14 (lauroyl macrogol glyceride type 1500), polyethylene glycol 20,000, polyethylene glycol 8000, hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium starch glycolate, gelatin, titanium dioxide, shellac, propylene glycol, may also contain black iron oxide, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Blue #2, FD&C Red #40, D&C Yellow #10.
Fenofibrate capsules are indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet to reduce elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (total-c), Triglycerides (TG) and apolopoprotein B (Apo B), and to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in adult patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia.
Fenofibrate capsules are also indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet for treatment of adult patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Improving glycemic control in diabetic patients showing fasting chylomicronemia will usually obviate the need for pharmacologic intervention.
Fenofibrate at a dose equivalent to 150 mg was not shown to reduce coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in 2 large, randomized controlled trials of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
In patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment, treatment with fenofibrate capsules should be initiated at a dose of 50 mg per day, and increased only after evaluation of the effects on renal function and lipid levels at this dose. The use of fenofibrate should be avoided in patients with severe renal impairment [see Use in Specific Populations and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
50 mg: Size 3 white opaque gelatin capsule imprinted “G 246” and “50” in black ink.
150 mg: Size 1 white opaque gelatin capsule imprinted “G 248” and “150” in green ink.
50 mg: Size 3 white opaque/white opaque gelatin capsule, imprinted in black ink with “50” between lines on the body, “G 246” on the cap and containing a white to almost white paste, available in bottles of 90 (NDC 62559-460-90).
150 mg: Size 1 white opaque/white opaque gelatin capsule, imprinted in green ink with “150” between lines on the body, “G 248” on the cap and containing a white to almost white paste, available in bottles of 90 (NDC 62559-461-90).
Store at 25°C; excursions permitted at 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep out of the reach of children. Protect from moisture and light.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of fenofibrate: myalgia, rhabdomyolysis, pancreatitis, acute renal failure, muscle spasm, hepatitis, cirrhosis, anemia, arthralgia, decreases in hemoglobin, decreases in hematocrit, white blood cell decreases, asthenia, and severely depressed HDL cholesterol levels. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Potentiation of coumarin-type anticoagulant effect has been observed with prolongation of the PT/INR.
Caution should be exercised when fenofibrate is given in conjunction with coumarin anticoagulants. Fenofibrate may potentiate the anticoagulant effect of these agents resulting in prolongation of the PT/INR. To prevent bleeding complications, frequent monitoring of PT/INR and dose adjustment of the oral anticoagulant as recommended until the PT/INR has stabilized [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
Immunosuppressant agents such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus can impair renal function and because renal excretion is the primary elimination route of fibrate drugs including fenofibrate capsules, there is a risk that an interaction will lead to deterioration of renal function. When immunosuppressants and other potentially nephrotoxic agents are co-administered with fenofibrate capsules, the lowest effective dose of fenofibrate capsules should be employed and renal function should be monitored.
Since bile-acid binding resins may bind other drugs given concurrently, patients should take fenofibrate at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after a bile acid binding resin to avoid impeding its absorption.
The effect of fenofibrate on coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality has not been established.
The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Lipid (ACCORD Lipid) trial was a randomized placebo-controlled study of 5518 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on background statin therapy treated with fenofibrate. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.7 years. Fenofibrate plus statin combination therapy showed a non-significant 8% relative risk reduction in the primary outcome of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and cardiovascular disease death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92, 95% CI 0.79-1.08) (p=0.32) as compared to statin monotherapy. In a gender subgroup analysis, the hazard ratio for MACE in men receiving combination therapy versus statin monotherapy was 0.82 (95% CI 0.69-0.99), and the hazard ratio for MACE in women receiving combination therapy versus statin monotherapy was 1.38 (95% CI 0.98-1.94) (interaction p=0.01). The clinical significance of this subgroup finding is unclear.
Because of chemical, pharmacological, and clinical similarities between fenofibrate, clofibrate, and gemfibrozil, the adverse findings in 4 large randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies with these other fibrate drugs may also apply to fenofibrate capsules.
In the Coronary Drug Project, a large study of post myocardial infarction patients treated for 5 years with clofibrate, there was no difference in mortality seen between the clofibrate group and the placebo group. There was however, a difference in the rate of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis requiring surgery between the two groups (3.0% vs. 1.8%).
In a study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO), 5000 subjects without known coronary artery disease were treated with placebo or clofibrate for 5 years and followed for an additional one year. There was a statistically significant, higher age-adjusted all-cause mortality in the clofibrate group compared with the placebo group (5.70% vs. 3.96%, p= < 0.01). Excess mortality was due to a 33% increase in non-cardiovascular causes, including malignancy, post-cholecystectomy complications, and pancreatitis. This appeared to confirm the higher risk of gallbladder disease seen in clofibratetreated patients studied in the Coronary Drug Project.
The Helsinki Heart Study was a large (n=4081) study of middle aged men without a history of coronary artery disease. Subjects received either placebo or gemfibrozil for 5 years, with a 3.5 year open extension afterward. Total mortality was numerically higher in the gemfibrozil randomization group but did not achieve statistical significance (p=0.19, 95% confidence interval for relative risk G:P=0.91- 1.64). Although cancer deaths trended higher in the gemfibrozil group (p=0.11), cancers (excluding basal cell carcinoma) were diagnosed with equal frequency in both study groups. Due to the limited size of the study, the relative risk of death from any cause was not shown to be different than that seen in the 9 year follow-up data from the WHO study (RR=1.29).
Data from observational studies indicate that the risk for rhabdomyolysis is increased when fibrates, in particular gemfibrozil, are co-administered with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin). The combination should be avoided unless the benefit of further alterations in lipid levels is likely to outweigh the increased risk of this drug combination [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
Patients should be advised to report promptly unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness, particularly if accompanied by malaise or fever. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels should be assessed in patients reporting these symptoms, and fenofibrate therapy should be discontinued if markedly elevated CPK levels occur or myopathy is diagnosed.
Fenofibrate at doses equivalent to 100 mg to 150 mg fenofibrate per day has been associated with increases in serum transaminases [AST (SGOT) or ALT (SGPT)]. In a pooled analysis of 10 placebocontrolled trials of fenofibrate, increases to > 3 times the upper limit of normal of ALT occurred in 5.3% of patients taking fenofibrate versus 1.1% of patients treated with placebo. The incidence of increases in transaminases observed with fenofibrate therapy may be dose related. When transaminase determinations were followed either after discontinuation of treatment or during continued treatment, a return to normal limits was usually observed.
Chronic active hepatocellular and cholestatic hepatitis associated with fenofibrate therapy have been reported after exposures of weeks to several years. In extremely rare cases, cirrhosis has been reported in association with chronic active hepatitis.
Baseline and regular monitoring of liver tests, including ALT should be performed for the duration of therapy with fenofibrate, and therapy discontinued if enzyme levels persist above three times the normal limit.
Elevations in serum creatinine have been reported in patients on fenofibrate. These elevations tend to return to baseline following discontinuation of fenofibrate. The clinical significance of these observations is unknown. Monitor renal function in patients with renal impairment taking fenofibrate. Renal monitoring should also be considered for patients taking fenofibrate and are at risk for renal insufficiency, such as the elderly and patients with diabetes.
Caution should be exercised when fenofibrate is given in conjunction with coumarin anticoagulants. Fenofibrate may potentiate the anticoagulant effects of these agents resulting in prolongation of the Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR). To prevent bleeding complications, frequent monitoring of PT/INR and dose adjustment of the anticoagulant are recommended until PT/INR has stabilized [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].
Mild to moderate decreases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood cell decreases have been observed in patients following initiation of fenofibrate therapy. However, these levels stabilize during long term administration. Thrombocytopenia and agranulocytosis have been reported in individuals treated with fenofibrate. Periodic monitoring of red and white blood cell counts is recommended during the first 12 months of fenofibrate administration.
Acute hypersensitivity reactions including severe skin rashes such as Steven-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis requiring patient hospitalization and treatment with steroids have been reported in individuals treated with fenofibrate. Urticaria was seen in 1.1 vs. 0% and rash in 1.4 vs. 0.8% of fenofibrate and placebo patients respectively in controlled trials.
In the FIELD trial, pulmonary embolus (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were observed at higher rates in the fenofibrate than the placebo-treated group. Of 9,795 patients enrolled in FIELD, 4,900 in the placebo group and 4,895 in the fenofibrate group. For DVT, there were 48 events (1%) in the placebo group and 67 (1%) in the fenofibrate group (p = 0.074); and for PE, there were 32 (0.7%) events in the placebo group and 53 (1%) in the fenofibrate group (p = 0.022).
Two dietary carcinogenicity studies have been conducted in rats with fenofibrate. In the first 24-month study, Wistar rats were dosed with fenofibrate at 10, 45 and 200 mg/kg/day, approximately 0.3, 1, and 6 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD), based on body surface are comparisons (mg/m²). At a dose of 200 mg/kg/day (at 6 times MRHD), the incidence of liver carcinoma was significantly increased in both sexes. A statistically significant increase in pancreatic carcinomas was observed in males at 1 and 6 times the MRHD; an increase in pancreatic adenomas and benign testicular interstitial cell tumors was observed in males at 6 times the MRHD. In a second 24- month study in a different strain of rats (Sprague-Dawley), doses of 10 and 60 mg/kg/day (0.3 and 2 times the MRHD) produced significant increases in the incidence of pancreatic acinar adenomas in both sexes and increases in testicular interstitial cell tumors in males at 2 times the MRHD.
A 117-week carcinogenicity study was conducted in rats comparing three drugs: fenofibrate 10 and 60 mg/kg/day (0.3 and 2 times the MRHD), clofibrate (400 mg/kg; 2 times the human dose), and gemfibrozil (250 mg/kg; 2 times the human dose, based on mg/m² surface area). Fenofibrate increased pancreatic acinar adenomas in both sexes. Clofibrate increased hepatocellular carcinomas in males and hepatic neoplastic nodules in females. Gemfibrozil increased hepatic neoplastic nodules in males and females, while all three drugs increased testicular interstitial cell tumors in males.
In a 21-month study in CF-1 mice, fenofibrate 10, 45 and 200 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.2, 1, and 3 times the MRHD on the basis of mg/m² surface area) significantly increased the liver carcinomas in both sexes at 3 times the MRHD. In a second 18 month study at 10, 60 and 200 mg/kg/day, fenofibrate significantly increased the liver carcinomas in male mice and liver adenomas in female mice at 3 times the MRHD.
In fertility studies rats were given oral dietary doses of fenofibrate, males received 61 days prior to mating and females 15 days prior to mating through weaning which resulted in no adverse effect on fertility at doses up to 300 mg/kg/day (approximately 10 times the MRHD, based on mg/m² surface area comparisons).
In pregnant rats given oral dietary doses of 14, 127, and 361 mg/kg/day from gestation day 6-15 during the period of organogenesis, adverse developmental findings were not observed at 14 mg/kg/day (less than 1 times the MRHD, based on body surface area comparisons; mg/m²). At higher multiples of human doses evidence of maternal toxicity was observed.
In pregnant rabbits given oral gavage doses of 15, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day from gestation day 6-18 during the period of organogenesis and allowed to deliver, aborted litters were observed at 150 mg/kg/day (10 times the MRHD, based on body surface area comparisons; mg/m²). No developmental findings were observed at 15 mg/kg/day (at less than 1 times the MRHD, based on body surface area comparisons; mg/m²).
Fenofibrate is substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Since elderly patients have a higher incidence of renal impairment, the dose selection for the elderly should be made on the basis of renal function [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Fenofibrate exposure is not influenced by age. Elderly patients with normal renal function should require no dose modifications. Consider monitoring renal function in elderly patients taking fenofibrate.
The use of fenofibrate should be avoided in patients who have severe renal impairment [see CONTRAINDICATIONS]. Dose reduction is required in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Monitoring renal function in patients with renal impairment is recommended.
The use of fenofibrate has not been evaluated in patients with hepatic impairment [see CONTRAINDICATIONS and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].
There is no specific treatment for overdose with fenofibrate. General supportive care of the patient is indicated, including monitoring of vital signs and observation of clinical status, should an overdose occur. If indicated, elimination of unabsorbed drug should be achieved by emesis or gastric lavage. The usual precautions should be observed to maintain the airway. Because fenofibrate is highly bound to plasma proteins, hemodialysis should not be considered.
patients with preexisting gallbladder disease [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
patients with known hypersensitivity to fenofibrate or fenofibric acid [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
The active metabolite of fenofibrate is fenofibric acid. The pharmacological effects of fenofibric acid in both animals and humans have been extensively studied through oral administration of fenofibrate.
The lipid-modifying effects of fenofibric acid seen in clinical practice have been explained in vivo in transgenic mice and in vitro in human hepatocyte cultures by the activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα). Through this mechanism, fenofibrate increases lipolysis and elimination of triglyceride-rich particles from plasma by activating lipoprotein lipase and reducing production of apoprotein C-III (an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase activity). The resulting decrease in triglycerides produces an alteration in the size and composition of LDL from small, dense particles (which are thought to be atherogenic due to their susceptibility to oxidation), to large buoyant particles. These larger particles have a greater affinity for cholesterol receptors and are catabolized rapidly. Activation of PPARα also induces an increase in the synthesis of apolipoproteins AI, AII and HDL cholesterol. Fenofibrate also reduces serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemic and normal individuals by increasing the urinary excretion of uric acid.
Elevated levels of total-c, LDL-C, and apo B and decreased levels of HDL-C and its transport complex, Apo AI and Apo AII, are risk factors for atherosclerosis. Epidemiologic investigations have established that cardiovascular morbidity and mortality vary directly with the level of total-c, LDL-C, and triglycerides, and inversely with the level of HDL-C. The independent effect of raising HDL-C or lowering triglycerides (TG) on the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been determined.
Fenofibric acid, the active metabolite of fenofibrate, produces reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, total triglycerides and triglyceride rich lipoprotein (VLDL) in treated patients. In addition, treatment with fenofibrate results in increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoproteins AI and AII.
The extent and rate of absorption of fenofibric acid after administration of 150 mg fenofibrate capsules are equivalent under low-fat and high-fat fed conditions to 160 mg TriCor® tablets.
Fenofibrate is a pro-drug of the active chemical moiety fenofibric acid. Fenofibrate is converted by ester hydrolysis in the body to fenofibric acid which is the active constituent measurable in the circulation. In a bioavailability study with fenofibrate capsules 200 mg, following single-dose administration, the plasma concentration (AUC) for the parent compound fenofibrate was approximately 40 μg/mL compared to 204 μg/mL for the metabolite, fenofibric acid. In the same study, the halflife was observed to be 0.91 hrs for the parent compound versus 16.76 hrs for the metabolite.
The absolute bioavailability of fenofibrate cannot be determined as the compound is virtually insoluble in aqueous media suitable for injection. However, fenofibrate is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Following oral administration in healthy volunteers, approximately 60% of a single dose of radiolabeled fenofibrate appeared in urine, primarily as fenofibric acid and its glucuronate conjugate, and 25% was excreted in the feces. Peak plasma levels of fenofibric acid occur within approximately 5 hours after oral administration.
The absorption of fenofibrate is increased when administered with food. With fenofibrate, the extent of absorption is increased by approximately 58% and 25% under high-fat fed and low-fat fed conditions as compared to fasting conditions, respectively.
In a single dose and multiple dose bioavailability study with fenofibrate capsules 200 mg, the extent of absorption (AUC) of fenofibric acid, the principal metabolite of fenofibrate, was 42% larger at steady state compared to single-dose administration. The rate of absorption (Cmax) of fenofibric acid was 73% greater after multiple-dose than after single-dose administration.
The extent of absorption of fenofibrate capsules in terms of AUC value of fenofibric acid increased in a less than proportional manner while the rate of absorption in terms of Cmax value of fenofibric acid increased proportionally related to dose.
Upon multiple dosing of fenofibrate, fenofibric acid steady state is achieved after 5 days. Plasma concentrations of fenofibric acid at steady state are slightly more than double those following a single dose. Serum protein binding was approximately 99% in normal and hyperlipidemic subjects.
Following oral administration, fenofibrate is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases to the active metabolite, fenofibric acid; unchanged fenofibrate is detected at low concentrations in plasma compared to fenofibric acid over most of the single dose and multiple dosing periods.
In vitro and in vivo metabolism data indicate that neither fenofibrate nor fenofibric acid undergo oxidative metabolism (e.g., cytochrome P450) to a significant extent.
After absorption, fenofibrate is mainly excreted in the urine in the form of metabolites, primarily fenofibric acid and fenofibric acid glucuronide. After administration of radiolabeled fenofibrate, approximately 60% of the dose appeared in the urine and 25% was excreted in feces.
Fenofibric acid is eliminated with a half-life of approximately 20 hours allowing once daily dosing.
In elderly volunteers 77 to 87 years of age, the apparent oral clearance of fenofibric acid following a single oral dose of fenofibrate was 1.2 L/h, which compares to 1.1 L/h in young adults. This indicates that an equivalent dose of fenofibrate can be used in elderly subjects with normal renal function, without increasing accumulation of the drug or metabolites [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and Use in Specific Populations].
Pharmacokinetics of fenofibrate has not been studied in pediatric patients.
The pharmacokinetics of fenofibric acid was examined in patients with mild, moderate and severe renal impairment. Patients with mild (estimated glomerular filtration rate eGFR 60- 89 ml/min/1.73m²) to moderate (eGFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73m²) renal impairment had similar exposure but an increase in the half-life for fenofibric acid was observed as compared to that of healthy subjects. Patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m²) showed a 2.7-fold increase in exposure for fenofibric acid and increased accumulation of fenofibric acid during chronic dosing compared to that of healthy subjects. In patients with mild to moderate renal impairment, treatment with fenofibrate should be initiated at a dose of 50 mg per day, and increased only after evaluation of the effects on renal function and lipid levels at this dose. Based on these findings, the use of fenofibrate should be avoided in patients who have severe renal impairment.
In vitro studies using human liver microsomes indicate that fenofibrate and fenofibric acid are not inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, or CYP1A2. They are weak inhibitors of CYP2C8, CYP2C19 and CYP2A6, and mild to moderate inhibitors of CYP2C9 at therapeutic concentrations.
Table 2 describes the effects of co-administered drugs on fenofibric acid systemic exposure. Table 3 describes the effects of fenofibrate on co-administered drugs.
Clinical trials have not been conducted with fenofibrate capsules.
The effects of fenofibrate at a dose equivalent to 150 mg per day of fenofibrate was assessed from four randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group studies including patients with the following mean baseline lipid values: total-c 306.9 mg/dL; LDL-C 213.8 mg/dL; HDL-C 52.3 mg/dL; and triglycerides 191.0 mg/dL. Fenofibrate therapy lowered LDL-C, total-c, and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Fenofibrate therapy also lowered triglycerides and raised HDL-C (see Table 4).
+Duration of study treatment was 3 to 6 months.
In a subset of the subjects, measurements of apo B were conducted. Fenofibrate treatment significantly reduced apo B from baseline to endpoint as compared with placebo (-25.1% vs. 2.4%, p < 0.0001, n=213 and 143 respectively).
The effects of fenofibrate on serum triglycerides were studied in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of 147 hypertriglyceridemic patients. Patients were treated for eight weeks under protocols that differed only in that one entered patients with baseline TG levels of 500 to 1500 mg/dL, and the other TG levels of 350 to 500 mg/dL. In patients with hypertriglyceridemia and normal cholesterolemia with or without hyperchylomicronemia, treatment with fenofibrate at dosages equivalent to 150 mg fenofibrate per day decreased primarily very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol. Treatment of some with elevated triglycerides often results in an increase of LDL-C (see Table 5).
of the potential benefits and risks of fenofibrate capsules.
not to use fenofibrate capsules if there is a known hypersensitivity to fenofibrate or fenofibric acid.
of medications that should not be taken in combination with fenofibrate capsules.
that if they are taking coumarin anticoagulants, fenofibrate capsules may increase their anticoagulant effect, and increased monitoring may be necessary.
to inform their physician of all medications, supplements, and herbal preparations they are taking and any change in their medical condition.
to inform a physician prescribing a new medication, that they are taking fenofibrate capsules.
to continue to follow an appropriate lipid-modifying diet while taking fenofibrate capsules.
to take fenofibrate capsules once daily at the prescribed dose, swallowing each capsule whole.
to inform their physician of any muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness; onset of abdominal pain; or any other new symptoms. | 2019-04-22T01:16:32Z | https://www.rxlist.com/fenofibrate-drug.htm |
TRACT Optics has announced the addition of the allnew TORIC 12.5x50 binocular to its growing lineup of high-end, feature-filled optics. Featuring highly prized SCHOTT HT (high transmission) glass for superior image quality, the TORIC 12.5x50 binocular combines this proven level of optical clarity and color brilliance with an increased 12.5x magnification for improved longrange viewing. The combination of fully multicoated lenses and prisms, dielectric prism coatings, and phase correction coatings ensures a higher level of light transmission over a larger part of the visible spectrum, while the flat multicoating enhances the color brilliance and increases light transmission over a wide spectrum of light, especially in the green spectrum.
Combined with standard features like a magnesium alloy body, argon-filled waterproof and fog-proof construction, and multistep eyecups with rounded edges, these enhancements deliver incredibly sharp and bright images. A locking diopter eliminates inadvertent movement of the diopter in the field. The large ocular diameter enhances the ability to see detail, while the ultra high-definition ED glass and oil-phobic/ scratch-proof/smudge-proof coating provides first-rate performance.
For more information, go to www.tractoptics.com.
Decibullz, the leader in custom thermofit earplugs and earphones, announced a new addition to its earplug line – Custom Molded Percussive Filters. These hightech filters allow comfortable conversation yet engage automatically to block noise from gunfire through a mechanical filter that doesn't require batteries, so it's always ready.
Decibullz's existing earplugs come with an impressive noise reduction rating of 31dB, and the new Percussive Filters offer similar protection levels for users while allowing for some ambient noise to pass through. That added protection is crucial as a single shotgun blast can hit 165 dB. In comparison, the pounding of a jackhammer only reaches 125 dB. Decibullz's new filters offer users that additional protection without compromising their hearing experience. The filters are ANSI IPIL certified up to 166 dB. When no loud noises are present, users can still hear low-level noise, such as conversation. The filters also allow sound directionality and spatiality, meaning users can hear all around them, which is critical for hunters.
For more information, go to www.decibullz.com.
Named after the state where success is usually found in the high country around 13,000 feet, the Crispi Colorado GTX is built to get you there, help you succeed, and get you home with a heavy pack. The Colorado upper is made out of water-repellent suede, high-resistance fabric and is lined with Gore-Tex performance lining to ensure maximum waterproof action. Optimum ankle support for sidehilling and heavy pack outs is provided with the added Ankle Bone Support System (ABSS). A polyurethanecoated leather rand is triple stitched around the base of the boot to protect the foot from external impacts. The boot is rounded off with a dual density polyurethane Vibram sole, which provides comfort in high impact areas as well as grip in the nastiest of conditions.
For more information, go to www.crispius.com.
The G45NGMAX advantage starts with Stealth Cam's nextgeneration, high-resolution night imaging technology, which produces 26MP photos to capture crisp, still images across the camera's 100-foot flash range. This exceptional imaging comes courtesy of 45 NO-GLO IR emitters combined with integrated Retina™ Low Light sensitivity, Matrix™ Advanced Blur Reduction, and the super-fast 0.45-second Reflex™ Trigger system technology, delivering the most reliable nighttime performance to ensure the big bucks are captured on camera.
In addition to its unrivaled nighttime operation, the G45NGMAX offers diverse setting customization to achieve the best imaging and video results regardless of the terrain or site layout. They've upgraded from 720p to 1080p with a Sony image sensor only found previously in their DS4K series. Utilizing an intuitive menu and easy-tosee backlit LED programming interface, the G45NGMAX also allows the user to set numerous still and video capture parameters. Data logging features time and date, moon phases, temperature, and GPS meta-tagging, which provides essential information for documenting game activity and planning future hunts.
For more information, go to www.gsmoutdoors.com.
Leupold's RBX-3000 TBR/W combines excellent glass with incredible ranging distances of 3,000 yards on reflective objects and 2,600 yards on trees and soft targets. It features easy-to-read, high-contrast data on a red LED display and dual eyepiece diopter adjustment. An on-board atmospheric sensor will display temperature, air pressure, and humidity. The top-tier optical prescription is reinforced by Leupold's Twilight Max HD Light Management System.
The RBX-3000 TBR/W delivers incredibly accurate ranges with its True Ballistic Range/Wind (TBR/W) technology. TBR takes into account the angle of your shot and your rifle's ballistics to put you dead on target. Aircraft-grade aluminum housing ensures the RBX-3000 TBR/W lives up to the rugged durability Leupold products are known for. It is 100% waterproof and fogproof, and the lens features Guard-ion coatings that shed dirt and water for crisp, clear images.
For more information, go to www.leupold.com.
The Mountain 2700 is a hard-working day pack that can comfortably and quietly support loads of 45 pounds. The internal hydration sleeve accommodates bladders in excess of three liters, ensuring hydration is not your limiting factor. An internal zippered security pocket provides a place to store tags, keys, or a cell phone while the two vertical exterior pockets hold raingear, a Flash Shelter, or most spotting scopes. Side pockets secure tripods, trekking poles, or water bottles, and the triple-density foam waist belt maximizes comfort while velcro placed on the waist belt holds most pistol holsters, bear spray, and other Sitka pack accessories.
For more information, go to www.sitkagear.com.
The RazorMax is Outdoor Edge's first fixed-blade knife to also feature the patented RazorSafe replaceable blade system. The RazorMax ascends to a new level by becoming first in the line to accept both 3.5" droppoint replacement blades as well as a new 5" boning/ fillet blade.
With two blade sizes available for the RazorMax that interchange quickly, safely, and easily, the perfect blade for the job is just a button push away. The included blades are Japanese 420J2 stainless steel and heat-treated and hand-finished to a surgically sharp edge. Each blade locks securely into the RazorMax's black oxide-coated blade holder. The thermoplastic rubber grip is molded with an alternating pattern of Outdoor Edge's signature mountain range for a very positive nonslip grip, and the ergonomically shaped handle prevents tiring and cramping during extended periods of use.
Overall length with skinning blade: 9.5"
Knife weight with skinning blade: 2.6 oz.
Overall length with boning/fillet blade: 11"
Overall weight, including sheath: 6.6 oz.
For more information, go to www.outdooredge.com.
From the backcountry to the back-forty, trust your hunt to Outfitter™ ammunition. Featuring corrosion resistant nickel-plated cases that are sealed watertight and topped with the accurate and rugged GMX® bullet, Outfitter™ ammunition is designed to perform under the toughest conditions.
Monolithic copper alloy GMX® bullets provide uniform, controlled expansion, deep penetration, and +95% weight retention.
Sealed primer and case mouth provide watertight protection.
Nickel-plated cases are corrosion resistant and waterproofed to ensure protection from moisture.
California compatible and appropriate for other areas requiring non-traditional bullets.
For more information, go to www.vortexoptics.com.
With even less noise and 20% less vibration than the award-winning TRIAX®, a completely redesigned grip interface, and our all-new, patent-pending SwitchWeight™ Technology, the 2019 VERTIX delivers an unmatched shooting experience. The new Engage™ Grip interface was designed to ensure consistent hand placement, reducing torque and increasing accuracy.
The VERTIX also features 3D Damping Technology that works to control the three perceived axes of vibration stemming from the grip. The patentpending dovetail mounting system was designed to attach the all-new UltraRest Integrate MX™ by QAD. This compact, micro-adjust rest allows for quick and easy set up while providing precision tuning both horizontally and vertically.
Draw Weights: 60, 65, 70, & 75 lbs.
For more information, go to http://www.mathewsinc.com.
When our hunting boot customers kept asking us to build a wildland firefighting boot with the same lightweight comfort, durability, and support as our mountain boots, we realized the challenge that was involved. All of our boots are proudly designed to not let you down in any conditions, but stepping “into the fire” presented us with a new learning curve, which we dove into headfirst.
To pass the Independent Laboratory testing for compliance, we had to build a boot that could pass rigorous heat and flame testing and then selfextinguish. After two years of a meticulous design process encompassing every component, our Wildland Fire Boot passed the test. The K-73 FIRE outsole with its high traction, deep lug outsoles responded incredibly, and the Kevlar Hot Zone stitching and laces stood up to every test we threw their way. Kenetrek's renowned durability and lightweight, allday comfort are ready to jump into the fray and assist our firefighters as they risk it all on a daily basis.
For more information, go to www.kenetrek.com.
Click here to view a video interview with Kenetrek.
The new Carbon Fury features the Fierce C3 carbon fiber barrel. This addition significantly enhances the overall value and performance of the Fury. The main benefits include 25% longer barrel life, reduced overall weight, consistent accuracy in all weather conditions, it's weatherproof, and it simply looks cool. The solid lineup of calibers includes 6.5 Creedmoor, 6.5 PRC, 7MM REM, 28 Nosler, .300 Win, and .300 Rum. You will not find a better combination of precision components, long-range accuracy, and affordability in any other rifle on the market.
For more information, go to http://www.fiercearms.com.
Click here to view a video interview with Fierce Firearms.
High-quality optics and extreme long-distance ranging capability come together in Vortex's all-new Fury™ HD 5000 10x42 rangefinding binocular. It is capable of ranging reflective targets to an impressive 5,000 yards with an improved, lightning-fast readout.
Illuminated right barrel display can be set to yards or meters. It features angle-compensated as well as lineof- sight modes. Scan mode gives readings as you pan or track a moving animal. The all-new last mode gives the range reading of the object furthest away but still within the targeted area.
Dialectic, fully multicoated prisms and XR fully multicoated HD lenses serve up impressive views from dawn to dusk. Rubber armored housing provides a solid grip in all weather conditions and extreme durability. Multi-position twist-up eyecups are comfortable and offer customized eye relief. A smooth center focus wheel and left eye diopter ensure optimal image focus.
Click here to view a video interview with Vortex Optics.
The Axis Hybrid Jacket and Hybrid Pant are designed for the active late season hunter. They are true hybrids, combining fabrics and technologies to provide a garment that is more versatile and performs better in a wide range of temperature and moisture conditions. The Toray high stretch face fabric is bonded to a midweight fleece backer for added warmth, with strategic waterproof paneling in the hood, shoulders, and tops of arms of the jacket and the knees and seat of the pants. The fabric is soft and quiet, has incredible stretch, and provides protection from the elements while regulating body temperature.
For more information, go to http://www.kuiu.com.
UGQ Outdoor and Prym1 Camo have teamed up to offer the hunting community a never-before-seen product. The Bandit is a high-performance, ultralight, down-filled sleeping quilt intended to keep you on your feet. Prym1 Camo adds a level of concealment never available in down quilts prior to this partnering of UGQ Outdoor and Prym1 Camo. It uses the colors and textures of nature with the organic patterns of wildlife to create a camouflage with the effectiveness of a predator.
For more information, go to www.ugqoutdoor.com.
Walker's introduces the new Silencer BT high performance digital ear buds with integrated Bluetooth technology, including smartphone app control. The Silencer BT's Bluetooth allows for the streaming of music as well as phone calls. The free Walker's app pairs with the ear buds to allow for independent volume adjustment of each ear, monitoring battery level, adjusting program modes, and configuring auto shutoff time.
The Silencer BT incorporates the next generation of SAC (Sound Activated Compression) by utilizing Variable Dynamic Sound Suppression that automatically adjusts the compression time based on the power level of the potentially damaging noise. This helps to deliver the optimum hearing protection in any situation.
For more information, go to http://www.walkersgamegear.com.
The Traverse Shelter is a versatile, durable shelter designed for all weather conditions. It has an impressive coverage area of 143" x 110" and weighs 24.2 oz. Six tension lock guylines and 12 tie-off points create a customizable surface area. The large triangulated corner guylines easily accommodate the basket of your trekking poles for unique shelter applications. The strong ripstop polyester, taped seams, and thick, waterproof coating ensure that the Traverse Shelter will keep you dry for the long haul. Four aluminum stakes are included with the shelter.
For more information, go to www.klymit.com.
Click here to view a video interview with Klymit.
Redefining top-tier spotting scopes, the SX-5 Santiam HD delivers the relentless performance that diehard hunters and shooters demand. A generous eyepiece means premium edge-to-edge clarity and unmatched sharpness and definition, while fullymulticoated lens coatings eliminate color aberration and distortion throughout the entirety of the magnification range.
A rugged, lightweight armor and Diamond-coat scratch resistant lens coatings ensure the SX-5 Santiam HD spotter can handle anything you can throw at it. An ultra-fine center focus wheel, adjustable eyecup, and indexed rotational tripod ring deliver the features elite hunters demand, and it's all backed by Leupold's legendary full lifetime guarantee.
For more information, go to http://www.leupold.com.
Adaptable to your hunting style, the modular Sitka Bow Sling features a durable four-way stretch polyester composition, self-tensioning padded cam covers, and sight and fletching protectors that can be deployed, stowed, or removed. It is 30-36" axle-to-axle, and it has a durable water-repellent finish.
Keep your rifle secure and at the ready without hindering your hike with the Sitka Gun Sling. It features adjustable tri-glide, which integrates with any Sitka big game pack. This sling prevents wear on your gunstock, and it accommodates most rifles.
Hunters, campers, hikers, and all other outdoor enthusiasts want to be at their best, and that means not compromising on the fuel they put in their bodies. Remember, what you eat matters! Peak Refuel premium meals are formulated to deliver the fantastic taste you would expect on any adventure. With at least 20 grams of protein per serving and 100% real meat, Peak Refuel has taken all of the necessary steps to create the highest quality and most convenient freeze-dried meals on the market.
Peak Refuel currently has four entrees and two breakfast items with more coming in early 2019. Peak Refuel is confident that once you #tastethedifference, you'll have your new go-to outdoor meal.
For more information, go to http://www.peakrefuel.com.
When hunters wear the IconX Hunting Base Layer shirt and pant, they experience more performance where effective layering begins – next to skin. Lightweight with heavyweight features, IconX delivers what hunters need when they need it most. The 13 performance zones, 7 in the shirt and 6 in the pant, are uniquely designed to keep you cool and comfortable when it's hot and warm when it's cold. When temperatures and your exertion level are high, IconX hollow, HydroWick™ fibers fill with sweat and move moisture to the outermost layer for evaporation. In cool to cold temperatures, the hollow fibers fill with air heated by your body to keep you warm and comfortable. IconX performance zones also support key muscle groups to keep your arms and legs performing at their peak during long days in the field.
For more information, go to www.pnumaoutdoors.com.
Our new Ares jacket, Cirius jacket, and Cirius vest all come with our new water-resistant down technology called “Kryptek Defender.” It comes in three cold weather pieces and is an absolutely amazing piece of technology that we are really excited about. The color options are HIGHLANDER and TYPHON.
Kryptek Defender is additional protection for your down gear. It offers an extra level of moisture protection for down garments exposed to wet environments. Kryptek Defender helps prevent down from clumping and losing its loft when exposed to rain and snow, thereby maximizing its ability to keep you warm and comfortable.
The treatment puts a hydrophobic layer on each individual cluster. This treatment is done during the down cleaning process. The finish is extremely durable, allowing the down to maintain its water repellancy for the life of the garment. The treatment also enhances the down̕s integrity and the durability of the cluster, helping to increase its longevity.
For more information, go to http://www.kryptek.com.
The all-new Ballistic Data Xchange (BDX) rangefinders and riflescopes are equipped with integrated Applied Ballistics® and wireless Bluetooth® technology. This groundbreaking BDX technology enables interoperability and key ballistic holdover information to be exchanged wirelessly between SIG SAUER BDX Electro- Optics products.
The BDX family of rangefinders includes: KILO1400BDX, KILO1800BDX, KILO2200BDX, KILO2400BDX, and KILO3000BDX rangefinder binocular. These rangefinders include many of the legacy features that the KILO name was built on, such as Lightwave DSP™ digital rangefinder engine, Hyperscan™ with four times per second scan rate, RangeLock™, and the Lumatic™ auto-adjusting display.
The outer and inner tent can be used separately. As with all Hilleberg all-season tents, the outer tent walls extend to the ground and the mesh areas are backed with adjustable fabric panels. The standard inner tent can be replaced with the optional Allak 3 mesh inner tent, which can also be used on its own.
For more information, go to www.sigsauer.com.
Stealth Cam® has upped the ante on wireless image transmission and expanded its coverage with the new WX Series cellular cameras with options for AT&T or Verizon networks. Users have complete control of their cameras via the updated Stealth Cam Remote App 3.0. The app's new streamlined interface allows the user to configure all camera settings as well as manage the transmission schedule and remotely erase the memory card. New features for 2018 include Take Test Photo, providing the ability to send a command to the camera to take and transmit a photo on demand. Enhanced location function plots cameras on Google Maps within the app, supplying the user a visual reference as to where their cameras are placed.
The WX not only incorporates the latest in high speed modems for fast 4G/LTE wireless image and video transmission, but it is also a full featured 22 Megapixel No Glo camera capable of recording high definition video and features Stealth Cam's new Smart Illumination Technology, where the camera automatically adjusts IR output based on changing lighting conditions. This is essential for clear, detailed images during the critical transition periods of dusk and dawn.
For more information, go to http://www.stealthcam.com.
Spinning off the very popular two-person Allak tent introduced a decade ago, Hilleberg is proud to introduce the new three-person Allak 3 for Spring 2019. Impressively strong, remarkably light, and fully freestanding, the Allak 3 can be pitched anywhere in almost any conditions.
The Allak 3 boasts two entrances and two integrated vestibules. It is ready and able to handle winter conditions, yet light and airy enough for summer scouting trips. The Allak 3 features 40.9 square feet of inner tent area and will easily accommodate three people and their gear. With a minimum weight of 7 lbs. 1 oz., the Allak 3 features Hilleberg's Kerlon 1200 outer tent fabric, which is very lightweight, yet it boasts a minimum tear strength of 26 lbs. Its three high-strength aluminum DAC 9 mm poles cross each other in three places, and the easy-to-use pole system combines short pole sleeves with clips for quick and easy pitching.
For more information, go to www.hilleberg.com.
You'll rarely find a lightweight hiking sock with the same reinforced heel/toe protection and strength we weave into our heavy-duty boot socks. The fine merino wool fibers in the Yellowstone socks are superior with their insulating moisture management and no-itch properties. By blending the soft wool fibers with longwearing synthetics, like nylon or polypropylene, we have dramatically increased the durability of these socks, especially in high wear areas like the heels and toes. The placement of reinforcement padding under the foot, at the toe, and at the heel provides extra padding that you are sure to appreciate after a long, hard day afield. The sock consists of 36% merino wool, 35% polypropylene, 20% nylon, 6% elastic, and 3% lycra.
For more information, go to http://www.kenetrek.com.
From the tree stand to the tundra, the Catalyst jacket changes the paradigm of technical hunting softshell jackets. We have created a jacket that is warm and breathable while also being lightweight and completely silent. The interior 37.5 fleece lining works to optimize your body temperature while the durable exterior resists moisture with our advanced DWR. The result is an ultra-versatile jacket ideal for a wide range of environments and hunting applications.
The Catalyst pant is both warm and breathable while also being lightweight and completely silent. The interior 37.5 fleece lining works to optimize your body temperature while the durable exterior resists moisture with our advanced DWR. Zippered mesh pockets manage tags, GPS, knives, and other accessories without noise or hassle. Whether you are looking for silent warmth while sitting for whitetails during the rut or hoofing it through knee-deep snow on the trail of late season elk, the Catalyst softshell system will help you get it done.
For more information, go to www.firstlite.com.
The TS-82™ Xtreme Hi-Def™ 20-70x spotting scope meets, and exceeds, the quality, resolution, brilliance, and fidelity of the most highly respected European spotting scopes, many of which come with much higher price tags. The 82mm objective lens helps with outstanding low-light performance, and the magnesium alloy body saves weight, yet it is extraordinarily strong and resistant to thermal shock.
HD fluorite glass provides the truest, most brilliant color and razorsharp resolution, and lenses are fully broadband multicoated. Available with straight or angled eyepieces and with an extensive range of accessories available, the TS-82 provides an eye-opening experience.
For more information, go to http://www.nightforceoptics.com.
Loaded with specialized features while remaining intuitive to use, the Mountain Hauler 6200 is a technical load-hauling pack built for the backcountry hunter. Designed to efficiently haul everything a hunter will need for extended trips and capable of comfortably carrying it all out with a successful harvest, the Mountain Hauler is built to expand the possibilities of demanding mountain pursuits. Available in GORE™ OPTIFADE™ Concealment Subalpine and Open Country.
The Hunter Elite Lite Rifle System is the most complete long-range package in the industry. These turnkey systems are individually proven accurate to 950+ yards. It is available in several calibers to meet all of your hunting and shooting needs. This package is built with a lighter stock than our original Hunter Elite and comes in three exclusive stippling colors – Graystone, Foliage, and Midnight Blue. The Hunter Elite Lite stock is a BOTW proprietary design with hand-laid fiberglass and carbon fiber reinforcement.
For more information, go to http://www.thebestofthewest.net.
With over 30% more down fill than the closest competitor and weighing in at a mere 25 oz., the Chamberlin Puffy provides the industry's best warmth-to-weight, highly-packable insulation for the coldest conditions. Utilizing a revolutionary blend of premium, 800- fill down and 37.5 fibers, we have created a jacket with greater loft and moisture transfer rates than conventional parkas. Body-mapped to maximize heat retention and minimize weight, the Chamberlin is engineered with non-sewnthrough baffling in the core and a heavily-insulated collar and 3D Turret hood that still preserves field of view.
Lightweight and compressible, this jacket is the perfect insulator for late-season backcountry hunts. Tricot-lined hand pockets are oriented to the inside of the down fill to protect hands when temps drop, while interior stash pockets provide transparent storage for gloves, a hat, or a GPS. The exterior of the jacket is treated with a DWR to repel moisture and cut wind, while an articulated fit protects range of motion. All of these features come together to make the Chamberlin jacket the answer for the hunter who demands serious warmth for extended late-season expeditions.
The ZULU9 from SIG SAUER Electro-Optics will be expanded to include a new model with increased magnification and a larger objective. The ZULU9 binocular combines the premium Abbe-Koenig prism system with SIG SAUER's industry-leading HDX optical design for up to 95% light transmission, delivering extreme brightness when it counts in low-light and twilight hunting viewing conditions.
For enhanced ruggedness and durability, this 56mm binocular incorporates a magnesium housing surrounding the fully multicoated Abbe-Koenig prism system. Multi-position twist-up eyecups create generous eye relief, while the durable rubber armor further protects the ZULU9 with an ergonomic non-slip STEALTH ID™ grip design. The ZULU9 is waterproof (IPX-7 rated for complete water immersion up to one meter) and fog proof. It is tripod-compatible and includes tethered objective lens covers, a deluxe neck/shoulder strap, a lens cloth, and a premium padded ballistic nylon case.
For more information, go to http://www.sigoptics.com.
Phone Skope's Skoped Vision is an adapter that allows you to record what you're seeing through a riflescope through your phone. Skoped Vision is a two-piece system, consisting of a Phone Skope phone-specific phone case and the universal riflescope adapter. Skoped Vision features a binding mechanism that allows for quick attachment and detachment. It works with most riflescopes.
Skoped Vision allows you to look through a riflescope as normal and does not alter nor hinder your field of view. You attach your phone to the bayonet mount on the side of the adapter using a Phone Skope phone-specific phone case. You can then take pictures or record video of everything you are viewing or shooting through the riflescope.
For more information, go to www.phoneskope.com.
Redesigned for 2018, a newly updated flip-top lid opens and locks into place with greater ease for more efficient onehanded use and faster access to your glass. When carrying a bow or rifle in one hand, the harness can be easily opened and the binoculars removed and replaced with the other hand. We added a hook and loop attachment feature at the bottom of the system that allows for easy, secure attachment of the KUIU Rangefinder Holder HL and KUIU Ammo Holder HL. Increased sizing accommodates a larger range of binoculars, taking into account recent changes to the most popular binoculars on the market.
Breathable Spacer Air Mesh with anti-odor treatment on the chest and back panels has increased comfort and performance. There is no elastic in the webbing, which allows the binocular harness to hold close to your chest and prevent sag and bounce when crawling or running. The harness allows for a full range of motion while the binoculars are in use. When worn properly, the pouch will not fall forward and the weight will be distributed evenly around your entire torso, eliminating pressure points and creating a weightless feeling.
A high-end spotter without the high-end price tag, the new for 2018 Viper HD spotting scope series stands poised to dominate as a best-in-class optic. The HD optical system coupled with lenses fully multi-coated with XR coatings delivers stunning image quality and low light performance. Exterior lenses are protected by ArmorTek.
The ultra smooth, fluid, and sleek helical-style focus dials in your image for ultra sharp viewing as well as keeps the spotter's profile trim for ultimate packability. A utilitarian feature, the large surface area of the helical focus is easy to find and operate. The twist up eyecup on the included eyepiece ensures customized eye-relief for the viewer.
Adjustable collar allows the spotter to rotate for comfortable, versatile, multiangle viewing. Rubber armoring protects the spotter from impacts and delivers unfaltering in-the-field durability.
The 6.5 Precision Rifle Cartridge was designed to achieve the highest levels of accuracy, flat trajectory, and extended range performance in a sensibly designed, compact package. Dubbed the big brother to the 6.5 Creedmoor, the 6.5 PRC fits in short or medium actions with a standard magnum bolt face (.532"). Its efficient case geometry features a long cartridge case neck and 30 degree cartridge case shoulder.
Utilizing moderate powder charges that result in repeatable accuracy, low recoil, and reasonable barrel life, the 6.5 PRC produces high velocities with performance well beyond 1,000 yards. It is available in loaded Hornady ammunition, 6.5 PRC 143 grain ELD-X Precision Hunter and 6.5 PRC 147 grain ELD Match.
Rifle makers currently chambering the 6.5 PRC include: Christensen Arms, Fierce Firearms, GA Precision, Gunwerks, Hill Country Rifles, Horizon Firearms, McRee Precision, Montana Rifles, PROOF Research, Savage Firearms, Sauer, Stuteville Precision, and Seekins Precision.
For more information, go to http://www.hornady.com.
Executing technical, long-range shots requires a riflescope with application-specific features and rock-solid build quality to ensure accurate, reliable, and repeatable performance every time you squeeze the trigger. The all-new Strike Eagle riflescopes from Vortex boast those features in a trim, lightweight, durable package. The incredibly versatile 6X zoom range lets shooters engage targets from intermediate to extended ranges. An XD optical system, using lenses fully multicoated with antireflective coatings, delivers crisp, bright images.
Glass-etched, second-focal-plane reticles give detailed MOA-based hold points when shooting off the reticle, yet remain visually clean for optimal viewing. The fast-focus eyepiece adjusts easily, guaranteeing the reticle always appears sharp.
Built on a 30mm, single-piece, anodized, aircraft-grade aluminum tube, these scopes offer an impressive 120 MOA (3-18x44) and 85 MOA (4-24x50) of elevation travel. Exposed laser-etched turrets are easily accessible, feature a zeroreset, and track true. The illumination dial is integrated into the left side parallax/side focus adjustment knob. O-ring sealed and nitrogen gas purged for waterproof, fogproof performance.
Leupold & Stevens, Inc. has introduced the VX-Freedom line, part of a new series of riflescopes that deliver relentless reliability and elite optical performance at a price point that's impossible to disagree with, especially given that the line is designed, machined, and assembled in the United States.
The VX-Freedom series delivers excellent performance in low-light situations and is exceptional at glare management, thanks to the proprietary Leupold Twilight Light Management System. A combination of lens coatings and physical design elements in the riflescope itself, the Twilight Light Management System helps hunters make the most of low-light conditions found at dawn and dusk. Military spec lens coatings provide abrasion resistance, protecting the riflescope in the most challenging terrain. An ergonomically advanced power selector ring is low-profile, but it provides exceptional grip and ease of use, even in the cold, wet, or when wearing gloves.
The VX-Freedom will initially be available in some of the industry's most popular magnification ranges, such as 1.5-4x20, 2-7x33, 3-9x40, 3-9x50, and 4-12x40. All VX-Freedom models offer second focal plane reticles and one-inch maintubes. The series will support muzzleloader, rimfire, and centerfire options for consumers. Duplex, Pig-Plex, and the new Rimfire MOA, Tri-MOA, and UltimateSlam reticles will be available.
The Vapor SD is a featherweight, ultra-packable, waterproof jacket for training in unpredictable conditions. The cutting-edge GORE-TEX® SHAKEDRY™ technology creates a permanent beading surface and removes the face fabric of the garment, resulting in an incredibly lightweight and 100% waterproof jacket. The Vapor easily fits in a pocket to provide peace of mind on long runs and exposed ridge traverses.
Developed with a 100% proprietary chassis system and weighing less than 7 lbs., the Modern Precision Rifle is built to tackle your next big adventure. The chassis is machined from 7075 billet aluminum and features V-block bedding to promote superior accuracy. Other features include an adjustable folding stock with a locking hinge mechanism, an oversized fluted bolt knob, and black nitride-coated bolt, receiver, and muzzle brake. The Modern Precision Rifle is built with an aerograde carbon fiber barrel, free-floating handguard, and adjustable comb and is guaranteed to shoot sub MOA. Initial caliber offerings include 6.5 Creedmoor and .308 Win. in a variety of barrel lengths.
For more information, go to http://www.christensenarms.com.
The New Flatline Stabilizer features Mathews' exclusive dampening technology in a new EHS Nano configuration for added vibration dampening and enhanced stabilization. The EHS Nano is paired with a high modulus carbon fiber rod and precision-machined end cap weights to ensure ultimate rigidity, while allowing you to control the amount of added weight. The Flatline Stabilizer comes in six different finishes and in 6" and 8" versions.
The 2018 TRIAX is highly maneuverable, deadly accurate, and the quietest, most vibration-free bow Mathews has ever built. It operates off of a 28" ATA platform with a 6" brace height and is powered by the award-winning, highly efficient, and extremely accurate Crosscentric™ Cam system, producing speeds up to 343 fps.
The TRIAX features new 3D Damping Technology that works to control the three perceived axes of vibration stemming from the point of contact. The design and location of the new Enhanced Harmonic Stabilizer (EHS) diminishes all three paths of that residual vibration, drastically reducing post-shot noise and virtually eliminating felt recoil. This new location also transfers weight in front of and below the grip for a lower center of gravity, resulting in increased stability and easier aiming.
For more information, go to www.mathewsinc.com. | 2019-04-23T13:51:02Z | https://www.huntinfool.com/whatsnew/index.php |
Toenail fungus is uncommon in kids, even so, the probabilities becomes extra as one’s age increases. Approximately 48% of people today in the United States have at least a single toe affected by the time they are 70 years of age The uncomfortable tight fitting footwear and layers of nail polish enhances the danger of growing toenail fungus. It can also spread particular person-to-individual in public areas, such as locker rooms and showers. Getting a chronic condition that have an impact on a circulation, such as diabetes or HIV also enhances your risk. The impacted nail will develop into stained and will turn extremely thick and overgrown. 1 may well notice stinking debris below the nail. The nail may disintegrate and in the end fall off completely, or it may develop into so thick that it is quite painful to put on shoes.
Toenail fungus, also recognized by the term onychomycosis, is an ordinary situation that disfigures and even demolishes the toenail. The massive toe and the tiny toe are the nails that are most likely to be affected by toenail fungus. This situation is brought on by any one particular of the quite a few varieties of fungi that create in moist and warm surroundings, specifically in the shoes. As they rise, they invade and feed on the protein that creates hard surface of the toenail.
Hay fever allergies, also recognized as respiratory allergies surprising affects of the young children in America. To ones surprise, hay fever allergies are seldom associated to hay or trigger a fever, nor does a virus induce hay fever allergies. With the staggering percentage of kids being impacted by allergies, healthcare understanding of how to treat hay fever and respiratory allergies remains restricted.
Toenail fungus turns to be a chronic condition, and if it is not aching, quite a few people do not get therapy. Even so, to treat toenail fungus, persons with unrelieved illness like diabetes should see a medical doctor if they develop into aware of modifications in their nails as it might be an indication of additional really serious problems. If the nail turn out to be really thick and it is challenging to wear shoes and one feel pain whilst walking then one particular really should go to a doctor.
The nail can be filed down and trimmed cautiously, either at residence or by a podiatrist. If the infection is gentle and a lot localized then to treat toenail fungus a medical doctor may advocate a medicated nail polish containing either Loceryl or Loprox. If the infection persists or carry on spreading then a medical professional might prescribe an oral, systemic anti-fungal medication such as Sporanox or Lamisil. The therapy may well requires about 12 weeks. Each of these drugs have some extremely damaging effects that may perhaps not be suitable for some folks.
If your child has been diagnosed with respiratory allergies, there are pretty a couple of issues you can do in your property to help reduce the symptoms. Eliminating as a great deal dust and pollen from inside the home can make a massive difference in the severity of allergy attacks. It is not just the dust you see in the air or on desktops that causes problems. There is also dust hiding in carpets, furnishings and bedding.
Every time these antibodies recognize the identical invading allergens histamine is released into the bloodstream causing irritating hay fever, respiratory allergies symptoms. There are two major varieties of allergies: seasonal allergies (spring via fall) and perennial allergies (all-year long). If a fungal infection turns into scratchy, it is adequate to look for medical remedy so that a physician will examine the toenail and may perhaps take smaller samples. The nail can be scrutinized for fungi or some other infection below a microscope in the lab.
Mit Medical School – With the staggering percentage of children becoming affected by allergies, medical understanding of how to treat hay fever and respiratory allergies remains restricted.
Toenail fungus, also known by the term onychomycosis, is an ordinary condition that disfigures and even demolishes the toenail. The huge toe and the small toe are the nails that are most probably to be affected by toenail fungus. This condition is caused by any 1 of the various varieties of fungi that develop in moist and warm surroundings, specially in the shoes. As they rise, they invade and feed on the protein that creates tough surface of the toenail.
Toenail fungus is unusual in children, nevertheless, the probabilities becomes far more as one’s age increases. About 48% of men and women in the United States have at least 1 toe impacted by the time they are 70 years of age The uncomfortable tight fitting footwear and layers of nail polish enhances the danger of growing toenail fungus. It can also spread individual-to-particular person in public regions, such as locker rooms and showers. Having a chronic situation that have an impact on a circulation, such as diabetes or HIV also enhances your risk. The impacted nail will turn into stained and will turn very thick and overgrown. One may notice stinking debris under the nail. The nail may perhaps disintegrate and eventually fall off completely, or it may grow to be so thick that it is quite painful to wear shoes.
If your child has been diagnosed with respiratory allergies, there are very a few issues you can do in your home to assist lower the symptoms. Eliminating as much dust and pollen from inside the residence can make a significant distinction in the severity of allergy attacks. It really is not just the dust you see in the air or on desktops that causes difficulty. There is also dust hiding in carpets, furniture and bedding.
Hay fever allergies, also recognized as respiratory allergies surprising impacts of the youngsters in America. To ones surprise, hay fever allergies are seldom related to hay or bring about a fever, nor does a virus induce hay fever allergies. With the staggering percentage of kids getting affected by allergies, health-related understanding of how to treat hay fever and respiratory allergies remains limited.
The nail can be filed down and trimmed cautiously, either at household or by a podiatrist. If the infection is gentle and much localized then to treat toenail fungus a physician may possibly suggest a medicated nail polish containing either Loceryl or Loprox. If the infection persists or carry on spreading then a physician could prescribe an oral, systemic anti-fungal medication such as Sporanox or Lamisil. The therapy could takes about 12 weeks. Both of these drugs have some quite harmful effects that may possibly not be suitable for some individuals.
Toenail fungus turns to be a chronic situation, and if it is not aching, several persons do not get treatment. Nonetheless, to treat toenail fungus, individuals with unrelieved illness like diabetes really should see a medical professional if they become aware of changes in their nails as it might be an indication of extra severe issues. If the nail turn out to be really thick and it is challenging to put on footwear and one particular really feel discomfort while walking then a single need to go to a medical professional.
Each and every time these antibodies recognize the same invading allergens histamine is released into the bloodstream causing irritating hay fever, respiratory allergies symptoms. There are two most important sorts of allergies: seasonal allergies (spring through fall) and perennial allergies (all-year long). If a fungal infection turns into scratchy, it is adequate to appear for medical therapy so that a medical doctor will examine the toenail and could take tiny samples. The nail can be scrutinized for fungi or some other infection beneath a microscope in the lab.
Jefferson Medical College Ranking – If the infection is gentle and much localized then to treat toenail fungus a medical professional may possibly advise a medicated nail polish containing either Loceryl or Loprox.
If you’ve watched The Starz Original Series, Spartacus: Blood and Sand, you’ve undoubtedly noticed the ripped physiques the actors have attained to portray authentic Roman gladiators who fight in the arena as a living. If you have a critical health problem, like a knee replacement, you should seek the advice of your physician just before you start any fitness program. The point is you can full this plan at your personal pace, based on your existing fitness levels.
The best element for most girls is the reality that the moves can be customized according to each and every individual’s fitness level. The menopausal period in females can be connected with symptoms such as vasomotor symptoms, sleep disturbance, alteration in mood, lowered libido, and musculoskeletal discomfort. The Hundred Pushups Instruction Plan is a six week coaching system made to enhance strength and physical fitness.
If your child has been diagnosed with respiratory allergies, there are rather a couple of things you can do in your dwelling to aid lessen the symptoms. Eliminating as significantly dust and pollen from inside the residence can make a huge difference in the severity of allergy attacks. It really is not just the dust you see in the air or on desktops that causes problems. There is also dust hiding in carpets, furnishings and bedding.
Toenail fungus, also identified by the term onychomycosis, is an ordinary situation that disfigures and even demolishes the toenail. The major toe and the tiny toe are the nails that are most most likely to be affected by toenail fungus. This situation is triggered by any a single of the several varieties of fungi that create in moist and warm surroundings, particularly in the shoes. As they rise, they invade and feed on the protein that creates hard surface of the toenail.
Toenail fungus is uncommon in kids, nonetheless, the probabilities becomes additional as one’s age increases. Around 48% of persons in the United States have at least 1 toe affected by the time they are 70 years of age The uncomfortable tight fitting shoes and layers of nail polish enhances the threat of rising toenail fungus. It can also spread person-to-particular person in public areas, such as locker rooms and showers. Possessing a chronic situation that have an effect on a circulation, such as diabetes or HIV also enhances your danger. The impacted nail will come to be stained and will turn extremely thick and overgrown. A single may notice stinking debris below the nail. The nail may possibly disintegrate and eventually fall off entirely, or it may grow to be so thick that it is extremely painful to wear footwear.
1 may well notice stinking debris beneath the nail.
Toenail fungus turns to be a chronic situation, and if it is not aching, several folks do not get treatment. Nonetheless, to treat toenail fungus, people today with unrelieved illness like diabetes need to see a physician if they come to be conscious of changes in their nails as it may possibly be an indication of more severe issues. If the nail turn out to be extremely thick and it is hard to put on shoes and one particular really feel pain while walking then 1 should really visit a physician.
The nail can be filed down and trimmed cautiously, either at property or by a podiatrist. If the infection is gentle and a great deal localized then to treat toenail fungus a medical doctor might recommend a medicated nail polish containing either Loceryl or Loprox. If the infection persists or carry on spreading then a medical doctor may perhaps prescribe an oral, systemic anti-fungal medication such as Sporanox or Lamisil. The treatment might requires about 12 weeks. Each of these drugs have some really dangerous effects that may well not be suitable for some people today.
Hay fever allergies, also identified as respiratory allergies surprising impacts of the youngsters in America. To ones surprise, hay fever allergies are seldom related to hay or lead to a fever, nor does a virus induce hay fever allergies. With the staggering percentage of kids becoming impacted by allergies, health-related understanding of how to treat hay fever and respiratory allergies remains limited.
Each and every time these antibodies recognize the same invading allergens histamine is released into the bloodstream causing irritating hay fever, respiratory allergies symptoms. There are two major types of allergies: seasonal allergies (spring through fall) and perennial allergies (all-year lengthy). If a fungal infection turns into scratchy, it is sufficient to look for health-related remedy so that a medical doctor will examine the toenail and might take compact samples. The nail can be scrutinized for fungi or some other infection below a microscope in the lab.
Health And Wellness Certification – Every time these antibodies recognize the identical invading allergens histamine is released into the bloodstream causing irritating hay fever, respiratory allergies symptoms.
The nail can be filed down and trimmed cautiously, either at dwelling or by a podiatrist. If the infection is gentle and considerably localized then to treat toenail fungus a medical professional may well advocate a medicated nail polish containing either Loceryl or Loprox. If the infection persists or carry on spreading then a physician may possibly prescribe an oral, systemic anti-fungal medication such as Sporanox or Lamisil. The remedy may requires about 12 weeks. Each of these drugs have some incredibly harmful effects that could not be suitable for some men and women.
Toenail fungus turns to be a chronic situation, and if it is not aching, quite a few folks do not get therapy. Nevertheless, to treat toenail fungus, individuals with unrelieved illness like diabetes need to see a doctor if they turn out to be conscious of adjustments in their nails as it might be an indication of a lot more severe issues. If the nail turn out to be very thick and it is hard to put on footwear and a single feel pain while walking then one really should stop by a physician.
Toenail fungus, also recognized by the term onychomycosis, is an ordinary condition that disfigures and even demolishes the toenail. The big toe and the little toe are the nails that are most likely to be impacted by toenail fungus. This condition is triggered by any 1 of the several sorts of fungi that develop in moist and warm surroundings, specially in the footwear. As they rise, they invade and feed on the protein that creates hard surface of the toenail.
If your child has been diagnosed with respiratory allergies, there are rather a few points you can do in your home to support minimize the symptoms. Eliminating as much dust and pollen from inside the house can make a huge distinction in the severity of allergy attacks. It is not just the dust you see in the air or on desktops that causes trouble. There is also dust hiding in carpets, furnishings and bedding.
Hay fever allergies, also known as respiratory allergies surprising impacts of the children in America. To ones surprise, hay fever allergies are seldom associated to hay or bring about a fever, nor does a virus induce hay fever allergies. With the staggering percentage of young children getting affected by allergies, health-related understanding of how to treat hay fever and respiratory allergies remains limited.
Toenail fungus is unusual in kids, on the other hand, the chances becomes more as one’s age increases. Around 48% of people today in the United States have at least one particular toe affected by the time they are 70 years of age The uncomfortable tight fitting shoes and layers of nail polish enhances the risk of growing toenail fungus. It can also spread person-to-individual in public areas, such as locker rooms and showers. Having a chronic condition that have an effect on a circulation, such as diabetes or HIV also enhances your risk. The affected nail will become stained and will turn really thick and overgrown. One may possibly notice stinking debris beneath the nail. The nail might disintegrate and ultimately fall off fully, or it could turn into so thick that it is pretty painful to put on footwear.
Every single time these antibodies recognize the same invading allergens histamine is released into the bloodstream causing irritating hay fever, respiratory allergies symptoms. There are two key kinds of allergies: seasonal allergies (spring via fall) and perennial allergies (all-year lengthy). If a fungal infection turns into scratchy, it is sufficient to appear for medical remedy so that a physician will examine the toenail and may perhaps take tiny samples. The nail can be scrutinized for fungi or some other infection beneath a microscope in the lab.
The nail can be filed down and trimmed cautiously, either at house or by a podiatrist. If the infection is gentle and substantially localized then to treat toenail fungus a medical doctor may well recommend a medicated nail polish containing either Loceryl or Loprox. If the infection persists or carry on spreading then a medical doctor might prescribe an oral, systemic anti-fungal medication such as Sporanox or Lamisil. The treatment may requires about 12 weeks. Both of these drugs have some quite damaging effects that may well not be suitable for some men and women.
Riverpoint Sports And Wellness – The nail can be scrutinized for fungi or some other infection below a microscope in the lab. Each of these drugs have some extremely dangerous effects that may not be appropriate for some individuals.
Toenail fungus turns to be a chronic situation, and if it is not aching, a number of men and women do not get remedy. However, to treat toenail fungus, people with unrelieved illness like diabetes really should see a doctor if they grow to be aware of adjustments in their nails as it may possibly be an indication of more really serious issues. If the nail turn out to be extremely thick and it is complicated to wear footwear and 1 feel discomfort though walking then one particular must go to a doctor.
Hay fever allergies, also identified as respiratory allergies surprising impacts of the youngsters in America. To ones surprise, hay fever allergies are seldom associated to hay or bring about a fever, nor does a virus induce hay fever allergies. With the staggering percentage of youngsters being impacted by allergies, medical understanding of how to treat hay fever and respiratory allergies remains limited.
Toenail fungus is uncommon in kids, having said that, the possibilities becomes additional as one’s age increases. About 48% of individuals in the United States have at least one toe impacted by the time they are 70 years of age The uncomfortable tight fitting footwear and layers of nail polish enhances the risk of rising toenail fungus. It can also spread person-to-individual in public locations, such as locker rooms and showers. Possessing a chronic situation that have an effect on a circulation, such as diabetes or HIV also enhances your danger. The impacted nail will come to be stained and will turn very thick and overgrown. One may well notice stinking debris below the nail. The nail might disintegrate and ultimately fall off fully, or it might come to be so thick that it is quite painful to wear footwear.
Toenail fungus, also identified by the term onychomycosis, is an ordinary condition that disfigures and even demolishes the toenail. The big toe and the tiny toe are the nails that are most likely to be impacted by toenail fungus. This condition is caused by any one of the quite a few forms of fungi that develop in moist and warm surroundings, in particular in the footwear. As they rise, they invade and feed on the protein that creates really hard surface of the toenail.
One particular may perhaps notice stinking debris beneath the nail.
The nail can be filed down and trimmed cautiously, either at dwelling or by a podiatrist. If the infection is gentle and a great deal localized then to treat toenail fungus a medical doctor might advocate a medicated nail polish containing either Loceryl or Loprox. If the infection persists or carry on spreading then a medical professional might prescribe an oral, systemic anti-fungal medication such as Sporanox or Lamisil. The remedy may perhaps requires about 12 weeks. Each of these drugs have some extremely harmful effects that could not be suitable for some persons.
If your child has been diagnosed with respiratory allergies, there are really a few things you can do in your home to enable decrease the symptoms. Eliminating as substantially dust and pollen from inside the property can make a big distinction in the severity of allergy attacks. It really is not just the dust you see in the air or on desktops that causes trouble. There is also dust hiding in carpets, furnishings and bedding.
If a fungal infection turns into scratchy, it is adequate to look for medical remedy so that a medical professional will examine the toenail and might take small samples. The nail can be scrutinized for fungi or some other infection beneath a microscope in the lab. Each and every time these antibodies recognize the similar invading allergens histamine is released into the bloodstream causing irritating hay fever, respiratory allergies symptoms. There are two principal kinds of allergies: seasonal allergies (spring by way of fall) and perennial allergies (all-year lengthy).
Toenail fungus turns to be a chronic condition, and if it is not aching, numerous individuals do not get treatment. Nonetheless, to treat toenail fungus, men and women with unrelieved illness like diabetes should really see a doctor if they grow to be conscious of alterations in their nails as it may be an indication of a lot more significant complications. If the nail turn out to be very thick and it is challenging to wear footwear and one really feel pain while walking then a single need to take a look at a medical professional.
Wells Fargo Personal & Business Banking – If your youngster has been diagnosed with respiratory allergies, there are quite a few points you can do in your residence to enable decrease the symptoms.
Hay fever allergies, also identified as respiratory allergies surprising affects of the kids in America. To ones surprise, hay fever allergies are seldom connected to hay or bring about a fever, nor does a virus induce hay fever allergies. With the staggering percentage of young children getting impacted by allergies, medical understanding of how to treat hay fever and respiratory allergies remains restricted.
Toenail fungus is uncommon in youngsters, nonetheless, the chances becomes much more as one’s age increases. Roughly 48% of people today in the United States have at least 1 toe impacted by the time they are 70 years of age The uncomfortable tight fitting shoes and layers of nail polish enhances the danger of rising toenail fungus. It can also spread person-to-person in public places, such as locker rooms and showers. Getting a chronic situation that have an impact on a circulation, such as diabetes or HIV also enhances your threat. The impacted nail will become stained and will turn pretty thick and overgrown. One may possibly notice stinking debris below the nail. The nail may possibly disintegrate and eventually fall off totally, or it may come to be so thick that it is really painful to wear shoes.
If your child has been diagnosed with respiratory allergies, there are fairly a handful of points you can do in your residence to support lessen the symptoms. Eliminating as much dust and pollen from inside the home can make a big difference in the severity of allergy attacks. It’s not just the dust you see in the air or on desktops that causes trouble. There is also dust hiding in carpets, furnishings and bedding.
Toenail fungus, also known by the term onychomycosis, is an ordinary situation that disfigures and even demolishes the toenail. The significant toe and the small toe are the nails that are most likely to be impacted by toenail fungus. This condition is brought on by any a single of the many varieties of fungi that develop in moist and warm surroundings, particularly in the shoes. As they rise, they invade and feed on the protein that creates really hard surface of the toenail.
The nail can be filed down and trimmed cautiously, either at dwelling or by a podiatrist. If the infection is gentle and significantly localized then to treat toenail fungus a medical doctor may advocate a medicated nail polish containing either Loceryl or Loprox. If the infection persists or carry on spreading then a medical professional could prescribe an oral, systemic anti-fungal medication such as Sporanox or Lamisil. The therapy may perhaps requires about 12 weeks. Each of these drugs have some incredibly dangerous effects that may possibly not be suitable for some individuals.
Toenail fungus turns to be a chronic condition, and if it is not aching, quite a few individuals do not get remedy. Nonetheless, to treat toenail fungus, people with unrelieved illness like diabetes ought to see a physician if they turn into conscious of changes in their nails as it may well be an indication of additional severe problems. If the nail turn out to be quite thick and it is complicated to put on footwear and a single feel discomfort although walking then 1 must visit a medical doctor.
Each and every time these antibodies recognize the similar invading allergens histamine is released into the bloodstream causing irritating hay fever, respiratory allergies symptoms. There are two main sorts of allergies: seasonal allergies (spring through fall) and perennial allergies (all-year extended). If a fungal infection turns into scratchy, it is adequate to appear for health-related treatment so that a physician will examine the toenail and may possibly take modest samples. The nail can be scrutinized for fungi or some other infection under a microscope in the lab.
University Of Central Florida Medical School – Each and every time these antibodies recognize the same invading allergens histamine is released into the bloodstream causing irritating hay fever, respiratory allergies symptoms.
Hay fever allergies, also identified as respiratory allergies surprising impacts of the children in America. To ones surprise, hay fever allergies are seldom associated to hay or result in a fever, nor does a virus induce hay fever allergies. With the staggering percentage of children becoming impacted by allergies, medical understanding of how to treat hay fever and respiratory allergies remains restricted.
Toenail fungus turns to be a chronic situation, and if it is not aching, quite a few people do not get therapy. Having said that, to treat toenail fungus, folks with unrelieved illness like diabetes need to see a medical professional if they turn into aware of changes in their nails as it could be an indication of much more really serious difficulties. If the nail turn out to be extremely thick and it is complicated to wear footwear and one feel discomfort when walking then one particular must take a look at a doctor.
Toenail fungus is uncommon in young children, having said that, the chances becomes far more as one’s age increases. Approximately 48% of folks in the United States have at least one particular toe impacted by the time they are 70 years of age The uncomfortable tight fitting footwear and layers of nail polish enhances the danger of rising toenail fungus. It can also spread individual-to-individual in public areas, such as locker rooms and showers. Obtaining a chronic situation that have an impact on a circulation, such as diabetes or HIV also enhances your danger. The affected nail will turn into stained and will turn quite thick and overgrown. One particular may perhaps notice stinking debris beneath the nail. The nail may possibly disintegrate and ultimately fall off absolutely, or it could grow to be so thick that it is really painful to wear shoes.
If your child has been diagnosed with respiratory allergies, there are rather a few items you can do in your property to enable lower the symptoms. Eliminating as much dust and pollen from inside the residence can make a significant distinction in the severity of allergy attacks. It’s not just the dust you see in the air or on desktops that causes problems. There is also dust hiding in carpets, furnishings and bedding.
The nail can be filed down and trimmed cautiously, either at property or by a podiatrist. If the infection is gentle and a lot localized then to treat toenail fungus a physician may perhaps suggest a medicated nail polish containing either Loceryl or Loprox. If the infection persists or carry on spreading then a doctor might prescribe an oral, systemic anti-fungal medication such as Sporanox or Lamisil. The remedy may takes about 12 weeks. Each of these drugs have some very harmful effects that might not be appropriate for some persons.
Toenail fungus, also known by the term onychomycosis, is an ordinary condition that disfigures and even demolishes the toenail. The huge toe and the little toe are the nails that are most likely to be affected by toenail fungus. This situation is caused by any a single of the many types of fungi that create in moist and warm surroundings, particularly in the shoes. As they rise, they invade and feed on the protein that creates challenging surface of the toenail.
If a fungal infection turns into scratchy, it is adequate to look for healthcare remedy so that a physician will examine the toenail and may perhaps take small samples. The nail can be scrutinized for fungi or some other infection under a microscope in the lab. Each and every time these antibodies recognize the same invading allergens histamine is released into the bloodstream causing irritating hay fever, respiratory allergies symptoms. There are two most important forms of allergies: seasonal allergies (spring through fall) and perennial allergies (all-year lengthy).
Ihaveinsurance Wells Fargo – With the staggering percentage of youngsters being affected by allergies, healthcare understanding of how to treat hay fever and respiratory allergies remains limited.
You will discover an in depth range of herb plants to delight the chef, intrigue the gardener and fascinate any individual with an interest in herbal remedies or option medicine. Due to the fact anxiety is such a prevalent element in our overall well-becoming, we’ll talk a bit about the nervous system why a calm, sturdy nervous method can lay the foundation for better health and provide recommendations for headache relief and herbs and way of life habits to assistance very good sleep.
Explore the many advantages of medicinal herbs with our substantial choice – including more than 400 wildcrafted herbs, gathered from the United States and worldwide. Tender herbs – such as basil, chervil, chives, coriander, dill, mint, parsley, tarragon – can also be utilized raw and make scrumptious salad ingredients. Wonderful and I see that such writing needs making a list of the descriptive words 1st in order to operate on them correctly.
Bush basil, sage, winter savory, parsley, chives and varieties of oregano and thyme are some of the best herbs for growing in containers. For details on drying herbs, seek advice from the truth sheet HGIC 3086, Drying Herbs, Seeds & Nuts Freezing is an exceptional approach to preserve the flavor of certain herbs such as basil that shed flavor when dried.
Apart from herbs such as bay that are utilised whole, herbs are usually very best ready by selecting the leaves from the stalks (though this is not often essential), then chopping them as finely as preferred with a chefs’ knife or two-handled rocking knife (mezzaluna) alternatively, cut bunches of tender herbs such as chives into modest pieces using kitchen scissors.
I have a number of of these herbs outdoors and even though I live in Hawaii and in no way close our windows, I will bring some inside! Herbs can be classified into innumerable categories depending on their scientific household and genus, but in this report, we will talk about two common categories, namely Chinese herbs and medicinal herbs.
Get ready to mix up new recipes in the kitchen, use spices and herbs you in no way knew had medicinal properties, and walk away inspired to pursue your herbal research at the intermediate level and beyond! The word herb has numerous definitions, but practically speaking, herbs are plants that are grown for their medicinal, aromatic and/or seasoning uses.
If your youngster has been diagnosed with respiratory allergies, there are fairly a couple of points you can do in your house to aid minimize the symptoms. Eliminating as significantly dust and pollen from inside the residence can make a major difference in the severity of allergy attacks. It really is not just the dust you see in the air or on desktops that causes problems. There is also dust hiding in carpets, furnishings and bedding.
Hay fever allergies, also identified as respiratory allergies surprising impacts of the young children in America. To ones surprise, hay fever allergies are seldom connected to hay or lead to a fever, nor does a virus induce hay fever allergies. With the staggering percentage of kids getting affected by allergies, healthcare understanding of how to treat hay fever and respiratory allergies remains restricted.
The nail can be filed down and trimmed cautiously, either at property or by a podiatrist. If the infection is gentle and a great deal localized then to treat toenail fungus a medical professional might propose a medicated nail polish containing either Loceryl or Loprox. If the infection persists or carry on spreading then a physician might prescribe an oral, systemic anti-fungal medication such as Sporanox or Lamisil. The remedy may well requires about 12 weeks. Each of these drugs have some extremely dangerous effects that could not be appropriate for some persons.
Toenail fungus turns to be a chronic condition, and if it is not aching, quite a few people do not get treatment. Nonetheless, to treat toenail fungus, persons with unrelieved illness like diabetes really should see a doctor if they come to be aware of alterations in their nails as it may possibly be an indication of much more critical troubles. If the nail turn out to be extremely thick and it is difficult to wear footwear and 1 feel discomfort when walking then a single should really go to a medical professional.
Toenail fungus is uncommon in youngsters, nevertheless, the chances becomes extra as one’s age increases. Roughly 48% of men and women in the United States have at least one particular toe affected by the time they are 70 years of age The uncomfortable tight fitting footwear and layers of nail polish enhances the risk of increasing toenail fungus. It can also spread person-to-individual in public regions, such as locker rooms and showers. Possessing a chronic condition that have an effect on a circulation, such as diabetes or HIV also enhances your danger. The impacted nail will turn out to be stained and will turn very thick and overgrown. One particular may notice stinking debris beneath the nail. The nail might disintegrate and in the end fall off totally, or it may possibly come to be so thick that it is really painful to put on shoes.
Toenail fungus, also known by the term onychomycosis, is an ordinary condition that disfigures and even demolishes the toenail. The significant toe and the small toe are the nails that are most most likely to be impacted by toenail fungus. This situation is brought on by any 1 of the many kinds of fungi that develop in moist and warm surroundings, particularly in the shoes. As they rise, they invade and feed on the protein that creates tough surface of the toenail.
Wells Fargo Maximum Atm Withdrawal – If the infection persists or carry on spreading then a doctor may prescribe an oral, systemic anti-fungal medication such as Sporanox or Lamisil. | 2019-04-19T16:44:50Z | https://www.psyhut.com/2018/06 |
"Now that my Pembroke Welsh Corgi is housebroken, I'm finally in control of my house again"
If you are tired of cleaning the mess because your Pembroke Welsh Corgi is peeing or pooping (or both) in the wrong places, this is the perfect place to learn the very best ways to train it to stop.
When you complete our Pembroke Welsh Corgi Lovers Training Course, you'll have a potty trained dog that everyone loves - not to mention a cleaner, better-smelling home.
"Pembroke Welsh Corgis are different, but you knew that anyway didn't you!"
Three brand new super bonuses have been added to this awesome Pembroke Welsh Corgi training system at NO additional cost!
Bonus 2: 10 Common Problems For Adult Dog Owners - This 18-page guide gives you step-by-step instructions to help you solve behavioral issues in adult Pembroke Welsh Corgis.
Bonus 3: Feeding Raw Food To Pembroke Welsh Corgis - This 50 minute audio interview will tell you how to figure out whether or not YOUR Pembroke Welsh Corgi is a good candidate for the BARF raw food diet, and if it is, exactly how to feed raw food to your dog.
If there's one Pembroke Welsh Corgi problem I hear about probably more than any other, it's housebreaking.
It comes in many forms: a new Pembroke Welsh Corgi owner not sure how to deal with a new puppy, the newly adopted adult Pembroke Welsh Corgi who just doesn't Get It, an experienced owner distressed with a sneaky Pembroke Welsh Corgi that eliminates right inside its crate, etc.
You'll no longer have to worry about giving up your Pembroke Welsh Corgi because you can't get it housetrained.
You CAN train your Pembroke Welsh Corgi not to pee or poop in the wrong places.
You DON'T NEED to send your Pembroke Welsh Corgi to a training school or have a trainer come to your home.
We've finally perfected a comprehensive, all-inclusive Pembroke Welsh Corgi training course that will show you THE EXACT STEPS YOU CAN TAKE to gain control of the situation, understand WHY your Pembroke Welsh Corgi is refusing to be housebroken, correct the problem and relieve the stresses that may be threatening to break up the loving relationship between you and your dog.
In fact, we even give you our Pembroke Welsh Corgi Housebreaking Promise to prove you can!
Who is this Pembroke Welsh Corgi Training Course meant for?
Corgis are intelligent dogs but they can be slightly difficult to housetrain. They can be manipulative and willful and need firm and consistent training.
Only 3 things can help you with housebreaking your Corgi- Patience, Consistency and the Right Guidance on Housetraining.
Plus, if you are worried about how to housebreak a new puppy or an older Pembroke Welsh Corgi that is coming home in a few weeks, our course will help you start off with the right steps. It will help you get prepared to take up the responsibility of housebreaking it quickly - and to experience the unconditional love and loyalty that only dogs can give.
This course will focus both on indoor and outdoor housetraining, housebreaking schedules to suit different lifestyles (working owners, non-working owners, etc), effective housetraining techniques using the natural, breed-specific instincts of your Pembroke Welsh Corgi, positive reinforcement methods that make the entire process simple and easy, and finally, it will end your worries about dealing with frustrated family members or, worst of all, possibly having to give up the dog you love so much.
Our training course has been developed specifically for Pembroke Welsh Corgis and their owners. Yes, you will find many dog training courses online but they have general dog training information and are not specific to Pembroke Welsh Corgis.
Even if that information may apply to Corgis in general, given that they are "big dogs" with short legs, Corgis need to be handled differently compared to Golden Retrievers. Our Training Course addresses those specific needs of Corgis.
As our valued client, you will get access to our special fortnightly newsletter with advanced Pembroke Welsh Corgi Training Tips and Strategies, Latest Updates on Pembroke Welsh Corgi Training Methods, real life problems that other Pembroke Welsh Corgi owners have faced and their solutions - plus new videos, audios and live calls with our Expert Trainers and Vets. Imagine - you can ask any question you like - simply dial in from the comfort of your home by phone - and it's FREE as part of your Membership.
Unlike other training methods, our Training Course addresses housebreaking issues as a way of establishing habits your Pembroke Welsh Corgi would love to follow rather than a problem that you have to solve. It has everything you need to know to appreciate his mental state and stop it from peeing and pooping in the wrong places. It covers every situation - puppies, adult dogs, peeing in crates, housebreaking techniques for owners who have to be away for hours at a time, housebreaking techniques for owners who live in apartments, etc.
Even though housebreaking is your #1 Concern, our Pembroke Welsh Corgi Lovers Training Course will also help you solve every other common problem of Pembroke Welsh Corgi ownership, from obedience training to barking and biting, nipping, chewing, diet issues and more!
We are so confident about our Pembroke Welsh Corgi Lovers Training Course that we give you a 120-day Money Back guarantee. Other online training products or e-books only give you a 60-day or 90-day guarantee, but we give you an Unconditional, No Questions Asked Money Back Guarantee For a Full 120 days. And why can we give that? Because, we have more than 52,000 satisfied clients worldwide who love our Elite Membership training and have proved it works with their dogs.
Your special Pembroke Welsh Corgi Lovers Training Course has been developed by the Pembroke Welsh Corgi Training Institute, which has a passionate history of dedication to the welfare of Pembroke Welsh Corgis and actively supports grass roots activities for their proper breeding and care.
We extensively research innovative, cutting edge Pembroke Welsh Corgi training methods from all over the world, so Pembroke Welsh Corgi owners like you can be first to use the best techniques we've discovered working globally in sometimes quite amazing situations.
So after years of painstaking research and testing, our truly revolutionary Pembroke Welsh Corgi training course now means ANY Pembroke Welsh Corgi owner, regardless of her current skills and experience, can even go as far as becoming a Professional Pembroke Welsh Corgi Trainer (if she wished of course, the training is that in depth). Using the techniques in our training course, you will learn how to turn your Pembroke Welsh Corgi into an amazingly lovable, loyal, well-behaved, FULLY HOUSEBROKEN pet.
Have a new puppy or a new adult Pembroke Welsh Corgi? Find out how to quickly & easily potty train your new puppy or adult dog so you can spend more quality time with it!
If you have just adopted a new puppy or a new adult Pembroke Welsh Corgi, or if you are expecting your new dog to come home in the next few weeks, our training course will help you learn all the common methods of housetraining and will help you choose the method that will work best for your Pembroke Welsh Corgi and your own lifestyle.
The 7 essential facts about Pembroke Welsh Corgis you need to know BEFORE you get started with potty training - almost no one tells you about them!
Are you at your wit's end trying to get your Pembroke Welsh Corgi to understand that OUTSIDE is where it is appropriate to go?
Does your Pembroke Welsh Corgi happily go outside and start exploring, playing or chasing, and then come back inside only to eliminate on your walls, furniture, bed, carpet or rugs when no one is looking?
Are you thinking of giving up your Pembroke Welsh Corgi unless you can quickly teach it to stop making a mess of your home?
Once you have implemented the methods present in our training course, you will be amazed at how easily you can teach your Pembroke Welsh Corgi to do its business outside - ALWAYS.
Once you've got your Pembroke Welsh Corgi to go outside consistently using the methods you'll discover in our training course, you will be able to trust it to freely explore around your house.
And more importantly, you'll be able to remain true to your commitment of providing a loving and caring home to your Pembroke Welsh Corgi, instead of having to give it away.
Are you having trouble trying to housetrain your Pembroke Welsh Corgi on puppy pads (pee pads) inside your house or apartment?
Do you feel utterly frustrated when your Pembroke Welsh Corgi pees on the carpet right in front of you even when puppy pads are present, or sometimes tries to hit the pad and misses?
Once you have successfully trained your Pembroke Welsh Corgi to use the puppy pads using our methods, you'll finally be able to stop worrying that you'll lose your apartment because of the dog's mess (in case you live in a rented apartment).
Plus, you’ll no longer be forced to keep your Pembroke Welsh Corgi on a leash with you at all times in order to try and catch it in the act.
Every time you come home from work or fun, it is undoubtedly distressing to enter a house full of your Pembroke Welsh Corgi's mess and smelling like a kennel!
Instead of having to overhaul your entire life in order to make it compatible with your Pembroke Welsh Corgi's bowel and bladder movements, you'll be able to work your dog into YOUR lifestyle.
Is your Pembroke Welsh Corgi terrified of the crate and howls when you put it inside? Does your dog treat the crate as its potty and pee place? Are you feeling guilty about having to keep your loving dog in the crate for too many hours at a time?
Our training course will help you learn exactly how to crate train your Pembroke Welsh Corgi - and to do so in such a way that your dog LOVES being inside its crate and NEVER does its business inside it.
Don't you wish that your Pembroke Welsh Corgi would learn to always tell you when it wants to go outside?
Does your Pembroke Welsh Corgi eliminate outside only when you yourself take it out, but, left to itself, eliminates somewhere in the house or even in its crate without telling you that it wants to go out?
Are you at a loss trying to figure out why your Pembroke Welsh Corgi displays such inconsistent behavior and has accidents after weeks of eliminating outside regularly?
Once your Pembroke Welsh Corgi stops these occasional accidents, you will be able to trust it inside the house without worrying that it'll suddenly leave a mess somewhere without your knowledge.
Has your previously housebroken Pembroke Welsh Corgi who's never had an accident in years suddenly started having accidents again?
Regardless of whether you work or mostly stay at home, whether you live in an apartment or in a house, and regardless of whether you have a puppy or an adult Pembroke Welsh Corgi, our training course will first help you choose the housebreaking method that is most suited to your needs, provide you with suitable housebreaking schedules and then help you to get your Pembroke Welsh Corgi to do its business in the right place once and for all.
And as you housebreak your Pembroke Welsh Corgi, our training course will help you change the way you look at your dog - from 'how to cope with this beloved nuisance of a pet' to 'I am lucky enough to live with a loving companion who I can learn to understand'. If your family members are fed up with the housebreaking nightmares and want you to give up your beloved dog, this training course will help you to continue to keep your soon-to-be perfectly-housebroken pet as a loving member of your family.
Ultimately, our training course will help you become the best parent to your Pembroke Welsh Corgi that you can be.
When you get our Pembroke Welsh Corgi Lovers Training Course, you get immediate access to not one but 3 separate TrainPetDog.com "Expert Series" Training Modules.
Each module is divided into several in-depth sections, so you'll always know what to do, no matter what your Pembroke Welsh Corgi needs. In short, study just these and you'll become an EXPERT! (But there's a whole lot more to our Training Course than this - as you'll soon see).
Does Your Pembroke Welsh Corgi lack OBEDIENCE TRAINING and is this threatening the loving relationship between the two of you?
If your skittish Pembroke Welsh Corgi doesn't come when called, runs away from the house whenever the door is opened, pulls on the leash when you're out walking with it, or listens to you ONLY when it wants to, our Pembroke Welsh Corgi Lovers Training Course will turn it into a loving member of your family and put an end to all your stress and anxiety.
Excellent as obedience dogs, the Corgi is highly intelligent, devoted and protective. They are good with considerate children and make good guard dogs. They have an independent mind and though quick to learn, they have a tendency to resist training.
Consistency in training can make your Corgi an obedient dog, help it learn tricks and be a great pleasure for its owners.
The single most important factor and the 5 key rules that you must remember when you train your Pembroke Welsh Corgi - unless you know what these are and remember to follow them when you train your Pembroke Welsh Corgi, it can NEVER be trained properly!
How to teach your Pembroke Welsh Corgi advanced commands like Stand, Stop, Drop It, Give It etc.
A Corgi being trained for the DOWN position - one of the first steps towards establishing your authority.
Does your Pembroke Welsh Corgi BARK excessively, thus destroying the peace and quiet at home?
Our Pembroke Welsh Corgi Lovers Training Course has a simple but EXTREMELY effective technique that we have personally perfected that you can use to stop your Pembroke Welsh Corgi from barking or howling unnecessarily and making loud noises and throwing tempers.
Our training course portrays barking as a language your Pembroke Welsh Corgi speaks rather than a problem that you have to solve. So it has everything you need to know to appreciate its mental state when it is barking, understand exactly why it is barking, and then use this understanding to stop it from barking - without ever using anti-bark collars.
Does your Pembroke Welsh Corgi have the tendency to BITE, thus preventing you from trusting it around kids, family members and visitors?
2 common but SERIOUS mistakes that many Pembroke Welsh Corgi owners make when they are playing with their Pembroke Welsh Corgis that actually encourage their Pembroke Welsh Corgis to bite.
WARNING: It is quite possible that you are unknowingly making these 2 mistakes yourself (since a very large percentage of Pembroke Welsh Corgi owners do it).
Did you know that there are only 2 distinct feeding techniques that you should use with your Pembroke Welsh Corgi?
A majority of Pembroke Welsh Corgi owners don't know what these techniques are and end up feeding their dogs the wrong way, which often has an adverse impact on the health of their Pembroke Welsh Corgis.
Our training course will tell you what these techniques are and how to determine which of these 2 techniques would be appropriate for YOUR Pembroke Welsh Corgi.
A secret chart developed by us that will tell you exactly how much Vitamins and Minerals your Pembroke Welsh Corgi needs every day.
Most Pembroke Welsh Corgi owners don't have access to this chart, because of which their Pembroke Welsh Corgis never get the correct amounts of vitamins and minerals that they need to be healthy and happy.
Pluto - A well-groomed Corgi with a radiant skin reflects overall fitness and good health.
Food items that you should NEVER give to your Pembroke Welsh Corgi under any circumstances - if you give these food items to your Pembroke Welsh Corgi, it may cause severe intestinal damage in your Pembroke Welsh Corgi, ugly sores on its skin or even death!
Are you worried about your Pembroke Welsh Corgi's safety and well-being because it is CHEWING everything it can lay its paws upon… from electrical cords to plastics and electronics?
Don't you feel scared and helpless and frustrated when your Pembroke Welsh Corgi chews your clothes, pillows, furniture, shoes, phonebooks, electrical cords and plastic caps all in the span of a few hours?
Our course will help you train your Pembroke Welsh Corgi to stop its chewing habits once and for all... so that you can leave it freely inside your house (even when you are not around) without worrying that your house is going to get destroyed because of your dog's chewing.
And needless to say, you will save a significant amount of money because you won't need to replace all the expensive items that your Pembroke Welsh Corgi has chewed.
Does your Pembroke Welsh Corgi have the annoying and potentially dangerous habit of JUMPING on you or other people or kids?
Are you worried that your hyperactive Pembroke Welsh Corgi's jumping may knock down or injure a child or an adult?
The Pembroke Welsh Corgi Lovers Training Course not only deals with issues like housebreaking, obedience training and barking, but also includes step-by-step solutions for ALL the other common problems faced by Pembroke Welsh Corgi owners - like lack of socialization, aggression towards other animals or people, digging up your garden, etc.
Pembroke Welsh Corgis shed twice a year. The coat should be combed with a firm bristle brush and they should be bathed only when necessary.
Follow our exclusive Grooming tips for Pembroke Welsh Corgis and you will have a radiantly healthy dog.
The Pembroke Welsh Corgi Lovers Training course thus gives you access to the most authentic information that you'll find anywhere on training and taking care of Pembroke Welsh Corgis.
You can also learn from the experiences of other Pembroke Welsh Corgi owners. They will tell you how they taught their dogs to do some stunning tricks. You will be able to learn from them and quickly and easily teach your own Pembroke Welsh Corgi to do the same astonishing tricks!
"The TrainPetDog.com Forum is the best place to make friends, get help and learn great tips for training your Pembroke Welsh Corgi".
I've seen enough! Please let me get started right now so I can enjoy the forum and be certain my Pembroke Welsh Corgi is trained correctly from now on. Click here to begin.
FREE WEEKLY CONSULTATIONS with a top veterinarian. If you have a question regarding your dog's health or any medical problems related to your dog, just send it to us and our veterinarian will personally answer your question every week. Imagine how much this could save you by being able to stop diseases early... before they become expensive. This is virtually guaranteed to save you money and stress because it's like having your own PERSONAL top flight veterinarian for your Pembroke Welsh Corgi!
Recognizing and respecting your Pembroke Welsh Corgi's emotions, which is necessary for you to be its pack-leader... along with step-by-step instructions regarding exactly HOW you should become the pack leader.
How to deal with different types of housebreaking problems and situations - whether you are trying to housetrain a puppy or an adult Pembroke Welsh Corgi, whether you are interested in indoor or outdoor housetraining, whether your Pembroke Welsh Corgi has constant or occasional accidents, etc.
If you wanted to hire a professional trainer to get your Pembroke Welsh Corgi housebroken, what would it cost you?
But, with our training course, you will never need to call a professional trainer - our training course will teach YOU the techniques and secrets (everything) that a professional Pembroke Welsh Corgi trainer knows!
So, given that the best professional trainers will charge you nothing less than $1200 to train your Pembroke Welsh Corgi, given how much frustration and stress our training course is going to save you from once your Pembroke Welsh Corgi is reliably housebroken, given how much peace of mind our training course is going to provide you, and given how much time and money our training course is going to save you (no more having to replace the carpets that your Pembroke Welsh Corgi has destroyed!), we could have easily charged you at least $197 for access to our training course. But we are not going to!
If you are not happy with our training course for any reason whatsoever and if our training course does not help you to housebreak your Pembroke Welsh Corgi once and for all, we don't want you to pay a single, red cent for it.
In case your Pembroke Welsh Corgi does develop this problem, you need to know how to detect it and what corrective action to take. If you don't take corrective action on time, there is a VERY high probability that your Pembroke Welsh Corgi may end up suffering from arthritis in the future.
"How to Look After Your Pembroke Welsh Corgi's Health" - yours FREE!
Pembroke Welsh Corgis are prone to PRA, back disorders and glaucoma. You must consult a vet in case you see symptoms in your Pembroke Welsh Corgi.
Tension between you and your spouse about the housebreaking woes, worries that you'll have to get rid of your beloved Pembroke Welsh Corgi unless you can get it housebroken quickly - all these problems will be gone for good!
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But, if you order right now, you can get access to all the groundbreaking techniques present in our training course (for which we could have easily charged you $197), a 30 day free trial to the Elite Dog Owners Club, unlimited access to our members-only private forum (worth $149 per year), AND the special report on taking care of your Pembroke Welsh Corgi's health (worth $49) ALL for just $37!
Get Instant Access to our Pembroke Welsh Corgi Lovers Training Course for $37 and you'll get peace of mind worth far more when your Pembroke Welsh Corgi gets completely housebroken. | 2019-04-20T10:41:48Z | https://trainpetdog.com/Pembroke-Welsh-Corgi/index1.php?page=housebreakingcourse&src=tpm |
This report by John Pistole of the FBI counter terrorism division opens up "a can of worms".
If indeed the funding of 9/11 is out of Pakistan, as stated by FBI's John Pistole, what was the role of Pakistan's military intelligence (ISI) in the transfer of funds to the 9/11 terrorists.
1. John Pistole' s statment seems to corroborate the FBI's September 2001 Report on the financing of the 9/11 terrorist attacks out of Pakistan, which was made public by ABC News (September 30, 2001.
2. This September 2001 FBI report was later confirmed by a report of Indian Intelligence (Times of India Oct 9, 2001) which pointed to the role of the (former) head of Pakistan Intelligence (ISI) General Mahmoud Ahmad, who allegedly was instrumental in transferring $100,000 to the 9/11 terrorists.
3. Ahmad was on an official visit to Washington at the time of the 9/11 attacks and met senior Bush officials, including Colin Powell, Richard Armitage and George Tenet, not to mention the two chairmen of House and Senate select committees on Intelligence Sen Bob Graham and Rep. Porter Goss.
The US authorities sought his [Ahmad] removal after confirming the fact that $100,000 were wired to WTC hijacker Mohammed Atta from Pakistan by Ahmad Umar Sheikh at the instance of Gen. Mahmoud. Senior government sources have confirmed that India contributed significantly to establishing the link between the money transfer and the role played by the dismissed ISI chief. While they did not provide details, they said that Indian inputs, including Sheikh's mobile phone number, helped the FBI in tracing and establishing the link.
4. At a time when fingers are pointing at Saudi Arabia, John Pistole's statement inevitably raises the issue of "State sponsorship" of Al Qaeda by America's puppet regime in Pakistan. This in turn raises the broader issue of the Bush administration's relationship to the terror network.
A senior official of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation has informed US lawmakers that funding for the Sept 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States was traced to Pakistan.
John S. Pistole, deputy assistant director of the FBI's counter-terrorism division, told the Senate governmental affairs committee on Thursday afternoon [31 July] , that investigators had "traced the origin of the funding of the 9/11 attacks back to financial accounts in Pakistan."
He said high-ranking and well-known Al Qaeda operatives in Pakistan "played a major role in moving the money forward, eventually into the hands of the hijackers located in the United States."
Mr Pistole did not specify in his testimony how those accounts in Pakistan were funded.
The FBI has estimated that the 9/11 attacks cost between $175,000-250,000. That money, which paid for flight training, travel and other expenses, flowed to the hijackers through associates in Germany and the United Arab Emirates.
Al-Qaeda associates reported to Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, who managed much of the planning for the attacks from Pakistan, the FBI said. Mr Pistole did not discuss reports that some support for the Sept 11 hijackers came from Saudi Arabia as well.
"Terrorism Financing: Origination, Organization, and Prevention"
Good morning Madam Chair Collins, Senator Lieberman, and other distinguished members of the committee. It is an honor to testify before this committee regarding the FBI's efforts in identifying, tracking and dismantling the financial structure supporting terrorist groups.
Prior to the events of September 11, 2001 (9/11), the FBI had no mechanism to provide a comprehensive, centralized, focused and pro-active approach to terrorist financial matters. While the FBI examined financial records at the time of previous terrorist attacks, as part of the investigation into each of the attacks, the events of 9/11 identified a critical need for a more comprehensive, centralized approach to financial matters. The Terrorist Financing Operations Section (TFOS) of the FBI's Counterterrorism Division was formed, after 9/11, in response to this critical need. The mission of the TFOS has since evolved into a broader strategy to identify, investigate, prosecute, disrupt and dismantle incrementally, all terrorist related financial and fund-raising activities.
Identifying, tracking and dismantling the financial structure supporting terrorist groups is critical to successfully dismantling the organizations and preventing future terrorist attacks. As is the case in most investigations, locating and "following the money" plays a critical role in identifying those involved in the criminal activity, establishing links among them, and developing evidence of their involvement in the activity.
Terrorists, their networks and support structures, require funding in some form to exist and operate. Whether the funding and financial support is minimal or substantial, it usually leaves a financial trail that can be traced, tracked, and exploited for pro-active and reactive purposes. Being able to identify and track financial transactions and links after a terrorist act has occurred or terrorist activity has been identified, represents only a small portion of the mission; the key lies in exploiting financial information in efforts to identify previously unknown terrorist cells, recognize potential terrorist activity/planning, and predict and prevent potential terrorist acts.
In forming the TFOS, the FBI built upon its traditional expertise in conducting complex criminal financial investigations and long established relationships with the financial services communities in the United States and abroad. Integrating these skills and resources with the Counterterrorism Division, allows the FBI to bring its full assets to bear in the financial war on terrorism.
The TFOS is both an operational and coordinating entity with pro- active and reactive responsibilities. As a coordinating entity, the TFOS is responsible for ensuring that a unified approach is pursued in investigating terrorist financing networks. The TFOS achieves this directive by: 1) coordinating the financial aspects of FBI Field Office and Legat terrorism investigations; 2) establishing overall initiatives, policy and guidance on terrorist financing matters; 3) participating in the National Security Council's Policy Coordinating Committee (PCC) on Terrorist Financing; 4) coordinating national liaison with the financial services sector; 5) cooperating in and coordinating criminal terrorist financing investigations with the Department of Justice; and 5) providing support and training to Field Offices to include the designated Terrorism Financing Coordinator (TFC) .
It is critical that the financial aspects of terrorism investigations be adequately addressed and that a concerted, coordinated effort is made to investigate terrorist finance issues by experienced financial investigators. Rarely will a terrorist financing investigation be confined to the territory of one field office, rather they normally span not only multiple field office jurisdictions, but the globe; i.e., these types of investigations will frequently be linked to investigations and/or issues in other jurisdictions and other countries. It is imperative that these investigative efforts be effectively coordinated, placed into perspective with other counterterrorism efforts, prioritized in accordance with national and global strategies, and addressed in concert rather than in a disjointed, inefficient manner. Prior to the establishment of the TFOS, there did not exist within the FBI a mechanism to ensure appropriate focus on terrorist finance issues and provide the necessary expertise and overall coordination to comprehensively address these matters.
So how far have we come in the war on terrorist financing since 9/11? There currently exists a much better understanding of terrorist financing methods. More sophisticated and effective processes and mechanisms to address and target terrorist financing continue to develop and evolve. Pro-active approaches are increasingly being utilized. The awareness around the world on the part of law enforcement, government agencies, regulators and policy makers, and the private sector of terrorist financing methods, suspicious financial activity and vulnerabilities is much higher since 9/11. International cooperation has reached unparalleled levels. Outreach with, and cooperation from, the private sector has been outstanding and continues to develop, particularly the level of two-way interaction between law enforcement and the private sector. The ability to access and obtain this type of information immediately has significantly enhanced the FBI's ability to identify, investigate, and resolve immediate threat situations involving potential terrorist activity. For example, the ability to conduct real-time monitoring of specifically identified financial activity has been invaluable to not only investigations ongoing in the US, but to foreign law enforcement and intelligence agencies in related investigations. Another example of not only more pro-active measures but also of increased cooperation and coordination with the international community.
Extensive training and support of international investigations by TFOS has led to Agent visits/exchanges and training programs involving a variety of countries from Europe, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, South America, etc. In support of specific high profile joint terrorist financial investigative matters, a number of countries and agencies, including the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Canada and Europol, have detailed investigators to TFOS on a TDY basis. TFOS has engaged in extensive coordination with authorities of numerous foreign governments in terrorist financing matters, leading to joint investigative efforts throughout the world. These joint investigations have successfully targeted the financing of several overseas al-Qa'ida cells, including those located in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Spain, and Italy. Furthermore, with the assistance of relationships established with the central banks of several strategic countries, successful disruptions of al-Qa'ida financing have been accomplished in counties such as the UAE, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Indonesia.
TFOS has developed a specific terrorist financing/money laundering crimes curriculum for international training which includes topics such as: acquiring and handling evidence in document intensive financial investigations, major case management techniques, forensic examination tools, and methods of terrorist financing. At the request of the US Department of State, TFOS has led an interagency team to provide this curriculum to a number of countries (and is scheduled to provide to approximately 38 countries) identified as needing law enforcement training on conducting terrorist financing investigations.
TFOS has cultivated and maintains a contact database of private industry and government sources/persons who can provide financial data, including real-time monitoring of financial transactions. Many of these contacts can be reached or accessed on 24 hour/7 days a week emergency allowing TFOS to respond rapidly to critical incidents.
Through these contacts the TFOS has access to data and information from a variety of entities including: Banking, Credit/Debit Card Sector, Money Services Businesses, Securities/Brokerages Sector, Insurance, Travel, Internet Service Providers, Telecommunications Industry, Law Enforcement, State/Federal Regulatory Agencies, Public and Open Source Data Providers, the Intelligence Community, and International Law Enforcement and Intelligence Contacts. The timeliness and accessibility of the data is contingent on a variety of factors including whether the acquisition of the information requires legal process, the search capabilities of the data provider, and the size and depth of the data request. The ability to access and obtain this type of information in a time sensitive and urgent manner has significantly enhanced the FBI's ability to identify, investigate and resolve immediate threat situations involving potential terrorist activity. For example, the ability to conduct real-time monitoring of specifically identified financial activity has been invaluable to not only investigations ongoing in the US, but to foreign law enforcement and intelligence agencies in related investigations.
Being able to identify and track financial transactions and links after a terrorist act has occurred or terrorist activity has been identified represents only a small portion of the mission; the key lies in exploiting financial information in efforts to identify previously unknown terrorist cells, recognize potential terrorist activity/planning, and predict and prevent potential terrorist acts. Prior to 9/11, there was not enough emphasis placed on addressing the mechanisms and systems associated with terrorist financing and disrupting them before they could be utilized to further terrorist activities. Since September 11, TFOS, together with the Counter-Terrorism Section (CTS), Criminal Division of the Department of Justice (DOJ), have begun a number of pro-active link analysis initiatives to identify potential terrorists and terrorist related financing activities.
The overriding goal of these projects is to pro-actively identify potential terrorists and terrorist related individuals/entities, mechanisms or schemes through the digital exploitation of data. To accomplish this, TFOS seeks to 1) identify potential electronic data sources within domestic and foreign government and private industry providers; 2) create pathways and protocols to acquire and analyze the data; and 3) provide both reactive and proactive operational, predictive and educational support to investigators and prosecutors. Information sharing is critical to all of our efforts. The intelligence community, including the FBI, produces and obtains tremendous amounts of classified intelligence information. While much of the information can be of significant value in terrorist finance investigations, the value will not be realized nor maximized absent the ability to filter the information, analyze it, and disseminate it in an appropriate manner to those who can make the best use of the information. Toward this end, the TFOS participates in joint endeavors involving the CIA, FBI, Treasury Department, Department of Justice, and the Department of Homeland Security involving potential terrorist related financial transactions, in addition to other joint participation between TFOS and the intelligence agencies. TFOS has personnel detailed to the CIA/CTC/FINO and personnel from there work directly with TFOS on financial intelligence matters.
- An FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force in Charlotte used racketeering statutes to obtain convictions which disrupted and dismantled a Hizballah procurement and fund-raising cell. Twenty- six individuals were arrested for crimes including immigration fraud, visa fraud, cigarette smuggling, interstate transportation of stolen property, fraud, bank fraud, bribery, money laundering, racketeering, and providing material support to a terrorist organization.
- The FBI coordinated with the Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) to justify the blocking of Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development (HLF) assets and the closing of its US offices, shutting down HAMAS' largest fund-raising entity in the US. The HLF had been linked to the funding of HAMAS terrorist activities, and in 2000, HLF raised $13 million.
- Offices of the Benevolence International Foundation (BIF), a US based charity, were shut down and its assets and records blocked following an OFAC and FBI investigation which determined that the charity was being used to funnel money to Al Qa'ida. In February 2003, Enaam Arnaout, the head of BIF, pled guilty to racketeering conspiracy, admitting he fraudulently obtained charitable donations in order to provide financial assistance to persons engaged in violent activities overseas.
- As a result of information developed by the FBI, a foreign security service, in conjunction with US Intelligence Community agencies, apprehended one of the most significant money launderers associated with Usama Bin Laden, for funneling $67 million through international accounts to al-Qa'ida and the Taliban.
- A criminal case against Sami Al Arian, the alleged US leader of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), and the World Islamic Studies Enterprise has forced the closure of several front companies suspected of funneling money to support PIJ operations against Israel. In August 2002, the investigation led to the deportation of Mazen Al-Najjar, the brother-in-law of Sami Al Arian and a known PIJ member. In February, following a 50-count indictment for RICO and Material Support of terrorism violations, the FBI arrested Al-Arian and three other U.S.-based members of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, including Sameeh Hammoudeh, Hatim Naji Fariz, and Ghassan Ballout. The FBI also executed seven search warrants associated with this action.
- TFOS has provided operational support to FBI Field Divisions across the United States to enhance the intelligence/criminal investigations of individuals and groups, associated with or providing material support to, terrorist organizations and activities. This assistance is provided in the form of conducting intelligence/criminal financial investigations, financial analytical support, major case management, financial link analysis, and the deployment of teams of experts to develop investigative plans to analyze large volumes of documents and data. TFOS has provided this operational support in the Al Qa'ida sleeper cell cases in Buffalo and Portland, as well as in the Richard Reid, John Walker Lindh, Jose Padilla, Al Haramain, PIJ, and Mohamed Almoayad cases, among many others. This type of operational support has also been provided to Divisions investigating NGOs, such as the Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development, Benevolence International Foundation and the Global Relief Foundation.
- TFOS has engaged in extensive coordination with authorities of numerous foreign governments in terrorist financing matters, leading to joint investigative efforts throughout the world. These joint investigations have successfully targeted the financing of several overseas Al Qa'ida cells, including those located in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Spain, and Italy. Furthermore, with the assistance of relationships established with the central banks of several strategic countries, successful disruptions of Al Qa'ida financing have been accomplished in counties such as the UAE, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Indonesia.
- The FBI conducted a detailed financial investigation/analysis of the19 hijackers and their support network, following the September 11th attacks. This investigation initially identified the Al Qa'ida funding sources of the 19 hijackers in the UAE and Germany. The financial investigation also provided the first links between Ramzi Binalshibh and the 9/11 operation. A continuing investigation, in coordination with the PENTTBOMB Team, has traced the origin of the funding of 9/11 back to financial accounts in Pakistan, where high-ranking and well-known Al Qa'ida operatives played a major role in moving the money forward, eventually into the hands of the hijackers located in the U.S. As part of the 9/11 financial investigation, thousands of individuals and organizations were investigated in the U.S. and abroad to determine whether they played any part in supporting the hijackers or the operation. Although the vast majority of these individuals and organizations were cleared, this process of elimination resulted in numerous other quality terrorism investigations being initiated, as well as criminal charges against hundreds of individuals for fraud and other criminal activity.
- At the request of a foreign liaison service, TFOS traced financial transactions in a near real-time manner which led to the location of a terrorist cell and prevention of a terrorist act.
- Since 9/11, the United States has frozen $36.3 million in terrorist assets while other countries have frozen an estimated $97 million, for a total of over $133 million.
- U.S. authorities issued blocking orders on the assets of 281 terrorists, terrorist organizations, and terrorist supporters, effectively denying them access to the U.S. financial system.
- Federal law enforcement officials have arrested over 61 individuals, indicted 43 and convicted 12 in connection with terrorist financing investigations.
- U.S. Government agencies, to include the FBI's TFOS, deployed trainers and advisers on missions to countries around the world to assist with the drafting of legislation to combat terrorist financing, strengthen bank supervision in identifying suspicious transactions, and address other financial crimes and corruption.
- Since 9/11, over 120 countries have introduced new terrorist- related legislation and approximately 80 countries established Financial Investigation Units.
Following the 9/11 attacks, it became apparent that the role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and charitable organizations, as a source of funding for terrorist groups, needed closer scrutiny. This included the role of Saudi Arabia and its citizens in the support of terrorism, both directly and indirectly, through the financial support of these charitable organizations.
- Saudi Arabia has put new laws and regulations in place for all charitable groups, ensuring that they are audited to prevent the flow of funds to entities other than charity.
- Saudi Arabia has further strengthened its laws and regulations regarding money laundering. These efforts include new rules concerning the verification of customers' identities as well as restrictions on non-residents' ability to open accounts in the country.
- Saudi Arabia and the United States maintain a Counter-Terrorism Committee comprised of intelligence and law enforcement personnel who meet regularly to share information and resources and develop action plans to root out terrorist networks.
- In March 2002, Saudi Arabia and the US jointly blocked the accounts of Bosnia and Somalia branches of Al-Haramain Islamic Foundation, and in the summer of 2002, jointly froze the assets of the Rabita Trust, and those of its director Wa'el Hamza Julaidan, an associate of Bin Laden who provided financial and logistical support to al-Qa'ida.
- Saudi Arabia has contributed to the break up of a number of al- Qa'ida cells, the arrests of key al-Qa'ida leaders and capture of al-Qa'ida members in Saudi Arabia.
Since the May 12, 2003 bombings of the three western compounds in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, cooperation with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has improved. The FBI sent an investigative team to the Kingdom and worked with the law enforcement and intelligence services to conduct the appropriate post incident investigation and evidence collection. Cooperation with the Saudi Arabian government continues on this and other terrorism investigations.
Our efforts to combat terrorism have been greatly aided by the provisions of the PATRIOT Act. The success in preventing another catastrophic attack on the U.S. homeland would have been much more difficult, if not impossible, without the Act. It has already proved extraordinarily beneficial in the war on terrorism, and our opportunities to use it will only increase. Most importantly, the PATRIOT Act has produced greater collection and sharing of information within the law enforcement and intelligence communities.
Title III of the Act, also known as the International Money Laundering Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001, has armed us with a number of new weapons in our efforts to identify and track the financial structure supporting terrorist groups. Past terrorist financing methods have included the use of informal systems for transferring value in a manner that is difficult to detect and trace. The effectiveness of such methods should be significantly eroded by the Act, which establishes stricter rules for correspondent bank accounts, requires securities brokers and dealers to file Suspicious Activity Reports or SARS, and certain money services to register with FinCEN and file SARS for a wider range of financial transactions.
There are other provisions of the Act that have considerably aided our efforts to address the terrorist threat including: strengthening the existing ban on providing material support to terrorists and terrorist organizations; the authority to seize terrorist assets; and the power to seize money subject to forfeiture in a foreign bank account by authorizing the seizure of a foreign bank's funds held in a U.S. correspondent account.
It is important for the Committee and the American people to know that the FBI is using the PATRIOT Act authorities in a responsible manner. We are making every effort to effectively balance our obligation to protect Americans from terrorism, with our obligation to protect their civil liberties.
Organizational changes that have taken place within the Executive Branch with respect to the investigation of terrorism financing include the execution of a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) concerning terrorist financing investigations. The MOA addresses the importance of waging a seamless, coordinated campaign against terrorist sources of financing. It was signed by Attorney General Ashcroft and Homeland Security Secretary Ridge on May 13, 2003. Prior to this agreement, both the DOJ and DHS had separate terrorist financing task forces. Under DOJ, the FBI had the TFOS, which was discussed earlier. The DHS had the Bureau of Immigration and Customs (ICE) led Operation Green Quest (OGQ).
Pursuant to the MOA, OGQ ceased to exist as a program name as of June 30, 2003. Accordingly, the FBI was designated to lead terrorist financing investigations and operations. It was agreed that DHS would focus its activities on protecting the integrity of U.S. financial infrastructures. To that extent, the DHS implemented the ICE led Operation Cornerstone. Operation Cornerstone will identify vulnerabilities in financial systems through which criminals launder their illicit proceeds, bring the criminals to justice and work to eliminate the vulnerabilities.
The majority of the former OGQ case inventory was criminal cases, with no nexus to terrorism. These cases were converted from OGQ to Operation Cornerstone. Those cases that had a nexus to terrorism that were investigated by the former OGQ are currently being assessed for transition to the appropriate FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF). Ongoing and future Operation Cornerstone investigations that develop links to terrorism will be referred to the FBI through the TFOS. The ICE and TFOS are coordinating investigative initiatives that will enable the ICE to identify financial systemic vulnerabilities and which will enable the TFOS to identify ties to terrorism and terrorist financing. In addition, there is a liaison from ICE assigned to TFOS, and investigators from ICE will be represented on the JTTFs.
Terrorism represents a global problem. The solution is grounded in what would have been considered prior to 9/11, unprecedented international cooperation and coordination. The threat it poses must always be considered imminent. In addition to considerable financial investigative expertise, addressing terrorism and the finances that support and propagate it requires the ability to both implement proactive and preventive approaches to disrupt and dismantle as well as the ability to conduct highly reactive immediate response financial investigations to address potential imminent threats. As stated herein and in conjunction with more and more of the international community and other aspects of the US Government, the FBI has made considerable progress toward achieving and implementing these abilities.
Again, I offer my gratitude and appreciation to you, Madam Chair Collins, Senator Specter, and the Governmental Affairs Committee, for dedicating your time and effort to this issue and I would be happy to respond to any questions.
� Copyright FDCH, DAWN 2003 For fair use only/ pour usage �quitable seulement . | 2019-04-22T00:33:18Z | https://archives.globalresearch.ca/articles/SEN308A.html |
When asked, I tell people I work with CAMA. In my experience, most people have never heard of the Division of Coastal Management, but it seems almost everyone on the coast knows CAMA. Some may know us from past permitting experiences, some from our public beach access sites, and some through our Coastal Reserve education and science programs. In whatever way you may have come to know CAMA, it is my sincere hope that you can be proud of the North Carolina coastal management program.
This year, the Coastal Area Management Act celebrates its 40th anniversary. In 1974, the N.C. General Assembly passed this landmark legislation to guide development decisions in the 20 coastal counties of North Carolina. CAMA established the Coastal Resources Commission, the Coastal Resources Advisory Council, and a new partnership with local governments in permitting and planning for future coastal development. The core goal of the law is to maintain a delicate balance between safeguarding our magnificent coastal environment, encouraging public access to those resources, protecting private property and riparian rights, and fostering economic development.
Much has changed over the past four decades. During the 1980s, the coastal population grew at a rate almost twice that of the entire state. Six counties registered increases of more than 25 percent, led by Dare County at 70 percent. By the year 2000, most coastal counties saw growth rates of at least 20 percent. Currently, Onslow County is the fastest growing county in the state, with Brunswick, Pender and New Hanover Counties included in the top ten. Along with this burgeoning population has been an increase in the complexity of development proposals, as new projects are proposed in more environmentally sensitive areas, or adjacent to existing development where conflicts are more likely to occur.
The state coastal program has also changed and evolved over the years. For example, the regulatory program’s experience with routine coastal projects has led DCM staff to work with the CRC to establish General Permits for a wide variety of projects such as bulkheads, docks, and boat ramps. In fact, our rapid, on-site issuance of General Permits accounts for as much as 85% of the CAMA permits issued annually by DCM. In addition, over 100 Local Permit Officers, who serve within local governments across the coast and under authorities delegated by CAMA, continue to issue hundreds of Minor Permits each year for small-scale development projects. And our CAMA Major Permit offers a streamlined, one-stop-shop process where our staff can help walk an applicant through multiple state and federal reviews, often at reduced costs and within a far shorter timeframe than would otherwise be possible.
In our ongoing work to achieve the balance envisioned by CAMA, DCM and the CRC are making progress on some significant issues that you can read about below, including work on a comprehensive review of ocean inlet management in North Carolina, an update to a 2010 study on sea-level rise, and a new partnership to evaluate the state’s offshore sand resources. We hope that you will work with us to develop well-balanced solutions to these and other challenges in the years ahead.
As always, we hope that you will share this newsletter with colleagues and friends, and let us know if you have any suggestions for future newsletters. If you would like to have your name added or removed from the email list, please email your request to [email protected]. Additional coastal program information can also be found on our website, http://www.nccoastalmanagement.net.
In 2013, the N.C. Coastal Resources Commission considered the creation of a Cape Fear River Area of Environmental Concern in accordance with Session Law 2012-202. At the conclusion of the one-year study, the commission determined that local governments adjacent to other ocean inlets often have to contend with issues similar to those identified by various stakeholder groups. As a result, the commission decided to undertake a coast-wide review of inlet-related development and management issues.
At its July meeting, the commission further refined the priority list, asking DCM staff to focus on the beneficial use of dredged materials; establishment of an Inlet Management Area for State Ports; development of alternatives to the “static vegetation line” rules; and examining the possibility of expanded dredging windows for beach and inlet projects.
More information on the study is available on our website.
In a June 11 letter to the CRC Science Panel, CRC chair Frank Gorham communicated the commission’s charge to the panel regarding an update of the panel’s 2010 sea-level rise study report, and announced the appointment of Greg “Rudi” Rudolph, Carteret County Shore Protection Manager, to fill one of the vacant seats on the panel.
The CRC’s charge to the panel is to conduct “a comprehensive review of scientific literature and available North Carolina data that addresses the full range of global, regional and North Carolina specific sea-level change.” The CRC further directed the panel to limit the scope of the study to a 30-year rolling time table, to be updated every five years.
The Science Panel will continue to meet monthly with a goal of completing a draft report by Dec. 31. All meetings of the Science Panel are open to the public and are announced on the DCM website and by press release.
Once completed, the panel’s draft report will be forwarded to a technical peer review group for comments. The draft report and all comments will be submitted to the CRC and released for public comment by March 31, 2015. Following an extended public comment period, the report will be finalized in early 2016 and delivered to the N.C. General Assembly by March 1, 2016 as required by Session Law 2012-202.
For more information, visit http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/cm/sea-level-rise-study-update or contact Tancred Miller at [email protected].
The Division of Coastal Management will partner with East Carolina University on a two-year cooperative agreement funded by the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) totaling $200,000 to evaluate sand resources for coastal resilience and restoration planning.
Under the agreement, scientists from ECU and the University of North Carolina Coastal Studies Institute (UNC CSI) will work with DCM and Geodynamics LLC to evaluate and consolidate existing geological and geophysical data offshore North Carolina. These data will be used to identify and locate potential areas of sand resources, as well as benthic habitat, with the overall goal of making this data accessible to project planners and resource managers. ECU, UNC CSI and its partners will re-analyze existing data in northeastern North Carolina (north of Cape Hatteras) to develop a revised evaluation of sand resources with the latest available information. Areas for future resource surveys will also be identified.
The agreement will also help North Carolina develop tools to more readily share sand resource data with other agencies involved in coastal resilience planning.
As part of its annual review of the Coastal Resources Commission’s rules and policies, DCM earlier this year proposed that the Coastal Resources Commission consider the feasibility of eliminating the High Hazard Flood Area of Environmental Concern, or AEC.
The High Hazard Flood AEC [15A NCAC 7H .0304(2)] covers lands subject to flooding, high waves, and heavy water currents during a major storm. These are the lands identified as coastal flood with velocity hazard, or "V zones," on flood insurance rate maps prepared by FEMA. The High Hazard Flood AEC often overlaps with the Ocean Erodible and Inlet Hazard AECs.
Single-family residences located in the High Hazard Flood AEC are currently exempt from CAMA permit requirements, provided that they are not within the Ocean Erodible or Inlet Hazard AECs, are constructed on pilings, and comply with the N.C. Building Code and local flood damage prevention ordinances as required by the National Flood Insurance Program. Although this type of development does not require a CAMA permit, it requires a site visit by a DCM field representative or CAMA Local Permit Officer in addition to an application for a permit exemption and a fee of $50.
Because the CRC’s rules for this AEC defer to the state building code and require adherence to NFIP standards and local ordinances, DCM staff recommended that the CRC consider repealing the AEC. This action would remove approximately 15,000 properties from CRC permitting authority.
At its July meeting, the CRC voted to send the matter to public hearing. A date for the hearing has not yet been set.
The Division of Coastal Management, in partnership with the Albemarle-Pamlico National Estuary Partnership, the Business Alliance for a Sound Economy and the North Carolina Coastal Federation, hosted two regional land use planning workshops earlier this year to seek input from local elected officials and planning staff on their experiences with the CAMA Land Use Planning Program, implementation of the 15A NCAC 7B Land Use Planning Guidelines, and to discuss possible new directions for the planning program.
In addition, workshop participants discussed new opportunities for increased technical assistance, streamlined plan reviews, and reduced local planning burdens through improved coordination with other planning requirements and activities.
DCM is in the process of amending the 15A NCAC 7B Land Use Planning Guidelines in response to the input received from local governments. These amendments will include changes to streamline the land use plan amendment and update process, reduce the amount of analysis required, and incorporate other planning efforts to reduce redundancy in overlapping plans.
In the coming weeks, draft language will be presented to the Coastal Resources Commission and will also be available for review on DCM’s website. We would like to receive written comments regarding the proposed changes. Public input will be included in a report to the CRC at their December meeting. If you have any questions or would like further information on the rule changes, please contact Mike Lopazanski at [email protected].
The Division of Coastal Management awarded nearly $600,000 to eight local governments for projects to improve public access to coastal beaches and waters for the 2013-14 fiscal year.
· Town of Swansboro received $35,250 to install a canoe/kayak launch, gangway, concrete walkway to parking, and a 45-foot boardwalk extension.
· Town of Kitty Hawk received $52,941 for the installation of 16 paved parking spaces and associated improvements at an existing beach access.
· Town of Atlantic Beach received $66,532 to replace and construct an Americans with Disabilities Act-compliant walkway and dune crossover.
· City of Washington received $120,000 for the construction of a pier.
· Town of Oriental received $47,250 to construct restrooms at the South Avenue Boat House Project.
· Town of Windsor received $31,500 for the construction of parking, kayak staging and a walkway.
· Town of Topsail Beach received $45,391 to construct an ADA-compliant dune crossover.
· Town of Morehead City received $200,000 for the construction of an open pavilion at an existing waterfront park.
The division’s Public Beach and Coastal Waterfront Access program provides matching funds to local governments in the 20 coastal counties. Governments that receive grants must match them by contributing at least 25 percent toward the project’s cost.
Funding for the grant program comes from the N.C. General Assembly through the state’s Parks and Recreation Trust Fund. Access projects may include walkways, dune crossovers, restrooms, parking areas, piers and related facilities. Funds also may be used for land acquisition or urban waterfront revitalization.
The grant program has provided more than $37 million for more than 300 public waterfront access sites since the program began in 1981.
For more information, please contact Mike Lopazanski at [email protected].
CRC members Lee Wynns and Bill Naumann have resigned from the commission effective June 30.
Mr. Wynns, of Bertie County, filled the seat requiring experience in commercial fishing. He is retired as the president/operator of Perry-Wynns Fish Company, Inc. He served on the CRC for 11 years.
Mr. Naumann, of Craven County,filled the seat requiring experience in engineering or a marine-related science. He is the president of Transformation Venture Capital in New Bern, and previously served as the chairman of Hatteras Yachts Inc. He was appointed to the CRC in 2013.
DCM staff wish Mr. Wynns and Mr. Naumann the very best and appreciate their service to the state of North Carolina.
Three coastal marinas have been certified, and 12 others re-certified, as North Carolina Clean Marinas, a designation given to marinas that go above and beyond the state’s environmental regulations.
The Sea Harbour Condominium Yacht Club in Oriental, the Shallowbag Bay Marina in Manteo, and the N.C. Dept. of Transportation Bayview Ferry Terminal in Bath have most recently earned the status as North Carolina Clean Marinas.
The Clean Marina program recognizes marina operators that help safeguard the environment by using management and operation techniques that exceed environmental requirements. To earn the certification, the marina’s owners prepare spill prevention plans and conduct safety and emergency planning. Marina operators also control boat maintenance activities to protect water quality. Marinas must complete the re-certification process every three years in order to retain their certification as a North Carolina Clean Marina.
Clean Marina is a voluntary program in which marina operators who choose to participate complete an evaluation form about their use of specific best management practices. If a marina meets criteria developed by the N.C. Division of Coastal Management, it will be designated as a North Carolina Clean Marina. Such marinas are eligible to fly the Clean Marina flag and use the logo in their advertising. The flags signal to boaters that a marina cares about the cleanliness of area waterways.
For more information, contact Pat Durrett at [email protected].
· Creates a Coastal and Estuarine Water Beach Access Program/Fund with funds transferred from the Parks and Recreation Trust Fund. PARTF funds are traditionally used to fund beach and water access projects. The new fund is a special revenue fund consisting of gifts and grants to the fund along with General Assembly appropriations.
· Authorizes the acquisition of federal lands surrounding Oregon Inlet to manage existing and future transportation corridors on the Outer Banks and create a state park. Allows the governor, after the declaration of a state of emergency, to waive requirements for the repair or replacement of coastal bridges that are the only access to a barrier island.
· Directs the CRC to not establish any new inlet hazard areas, and to repeal existing IHAs in areas that are the former location of an inlet that has been closed for at least 15 years; where the location no longer includes the current location of the inlet; or the location includes an inlet providing access to a state port via a channel maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
· Changes to contested case rules for CAMA permits, by removing the automatic stay provision on CAMA permits when appealed by third parties. The permit would remain in effect unless a stay is issued by an Administrative Law Judge.
· If a permit applicant submits a permit for development, and a rule governing the development changes before the application is approved, allows the applicant to choose which version of the rule will apply to the permit.
· Repeals the section of last year's regulatory reform bill that prevented local governments from enacting any ordinance stricter than state or federal law or rule, and requires DENR to submit a report to the ERC on Nov. 1, 2014 and Nov. 1, 2015 of any local government ordinances that impinge on or interfere with any area regulated by the department.
· Expands the Hardison amendment. All rules stronger than federal minimum standards are now automatically subject to legislative review.
· Signed by Gov. McCrory Sept. 18.
S788/S.L 2014-86 – Town of Duck/Eminent Domain – Allows Town of Duck to exercise eminent domain for beach erosion control, flood and hurricane protection projects.Ratified July 25.
H1248 – Authority to Remove Abandoned Vessels – Gives Washington County the authority to remove abandoned vessels from navigable waters.Passed the House, referred to Senate committee on state and local government.
DCM is always proud of our staff’s commitment to providing all of our customers with the best in customer service.
The Riggings HOA v. CRC(New Hanover 09 CVS 2761) – The state appealed the Court of Appeals’ Order to the North Carolina Supreme Court (and was granted review of other issues not in the COA dissent) which ultimately held that the CRC should have granted the fifth variance request by the Riggings to allow sandbags to remain indefinitely at the site. The Supreme Court also allowed the Riggings’ Petition for Discretionary Review on cross-appeal issues. The parties submitted new briefs and the Court heard oral argument on October 6. The Court’s decision is expected in early 2015.
Defenders of Wildlife & NWRA v. DCM and NCDOT (13 EHR 16087) – Appeal by Petitioners of DCM’s issuance of the CAMA permit authorizing the Bonner Bridge replacement bridge. The parties have completed the discovery phase of this case and are having discussions regarding settlement before possibly moving to filing cross-motions for summary judgment and/or having a full contested case hearing. | 2019-04-26T11:16:00Z | https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/coastal-management/coastal-management-outreach-education/dcm-camagram-newsletter/back-issues/2nd-3rd-quarters-2014 |
Stuttgart. The 918 Spyder embodies the essence of the Porsche idea: it combines pedigree motor racing technology with excellent everyday utility, and maximum performance with minimum consumption. The task faced by the development team was to create the super sports car for the next decade with a highly efficient and powerful hybrid drive. Developing the car from scratch, appropriately beginning with a sheet of white paper, allowed the team to come up with a no-compromise concept. The entire car was designed around the hybrid drive. The 918 Spyder therefore demonstrates the potential of the hybrid drive to a degree never seen before: the parallel improvement of both efficiency and performance without one being at the cost of the other. This is the idea that has made the Porsche 911 the most successful sports car in the world for 50 years. In short, the 918 Spyder will act as the gene pool for the Porsche sports cars of the future.
A key message of the 918 Spyder is that the hybrid drive from Porsche is a plus for no-compromise driving dynamics. Drivers can experience this thanks to the unique all-wheel drive concept with a combination of combustion engine and electric motor on the rear axle and the second electric motor on the front axle. It is based on knowledge gained by Porsche during motor races with the successful 911 GT3 R Hybrid. Due to the additional, individually controllable front drive, new driving strategies for extremely high, safe cornering speeds can be implemented, especially for bends. Furthermore, the advanced “boost” strategy manages the energy of the electric drive so intelligently that, for every sprint with maximum acceleration, the full power of the 918 Spyder can be tapped into by simply pressing the accelerator down fully. In short, the 918 Spyder allows even drivers without motorsport training to experience the potential of advanced longitudinal and transverse dynamics.
The 918 Spyder utilizes the best state-of-the-art technologies, taken straight from motor racing, to achieve its top performance. The entire load-bearing structure is made of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) for extreme torsional rigidity. Additional crash elements at the front and rear absorb and reduce the energy of a collision. The car’s unladen weight of approximately 1,640 kg (“Weissach” package), an excellent low weight for a hybrid vehicle of this performance class, is largely attributable to this concept. The drivetrain components and all components weighing over 50 kg are located as low and as centrally as possible within the vehicle. This results in a slightly rear end biased axle load distribution of 57 per cent on the rear axle and 43 per cent on the front axle, combined with an extremely low centre of gravity at approximately the height of the wheel hubs, which is ideal for driving dynamics. The central and low position of the traction battery directly behind the driver not only supports efforts to concentrate masses and lower the centre of gravity; it also provides the best temperature conditions for optimum battery power capacity.
Porsche Active Aerodynamic (PAA), a system of adjustable aerodynamic elements, ensures unique and variable aerodynamics; its layout is automatically varied over three modes ranging from optimal efficiency to maximum downforce and is tuned to the operating modes of the hybrid drive system. In “Race” mode, the retractable rear wing is set to a steep angle to generate high downforce at the rear axle. The spoiler positioned between the two wing supports near the trailing edge of the airflow also extends. In addition, two adjustable air flaps are opened in the underfloor in front of the front axle, and they direct a portion of the air into the diffuser channels of the underbody structure. This also produces a “ground effect” at the front axle.
In “Sport” mode, the aerodynamic control system reduces the attack angle of the rear wing somewhat, which enables a higher top speed. The spoiler remains extended. The aerodynamic flaps in the underfloor area close, which also reduces aerodynamic drag and increases attainable vehicle speeds. In “E” mode, the control is configured entirely for low aerodynamic drag; the rear wing and spoiler are retracted and the underfloor flaps are closed.
Adjustable air inlets under the main headlights round off the adaptive aerodynamic system. When the vehicle is stationary and in “Race” and “Sport” mode, they are opened for maximum cooling air intake. In “E-Power” and “Hybrid” modes, they close immediately after the car is driven off in order to keep aerodynamic drag to a minimum. They are not opened until the car reaches speeds of approximately 130 km/h or when cooling requirements are higher.
The core of the 918 Spyder concept is its distribution of propulsive power among the three power units; their cooperation is controlled by an intelligent management system. To best exploit these different approaches, the Porsche developers defined five operating modes that can be activated via a “map switch” on the steering wheel, just like in motorsport cars. On the basis of this pre-selection, the 918 Spyder applies the most suitable operating and boost strategy without driver intervention, thus allowing the driver to concentrate fully on the road.
When the vehicle is started up, the “E-Power” mode is the default operating mode as long as the battery is sufficiently charged. In ideal conditions, the 918 Spyder can cover over 30 kilometres on purely electric power. Even in pure electric mode, the 918 Spyder accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in less than seven seconds and can reach speeds of up to 150 km/h. In this mode, the combustion engine is only used when needed. If the battery’s charge state drops below a set minimum value, the vehicle automatically switches to hybrid mode.
In “Hybrid” mode, the electric motors and combustion engine work alternately with a focus on maximum efficiency and minimum fuel consumption. The use of individual drive components is modified as a function of the current driving situation and the desired performance. The Hybrid mode is typically used for a fuel economy-oriented driving style.
In more dynamic situations, the 918 Spyder selects the “Sport Hybrid” mode for its power sources. The combustion engine now operates continuously and provides the main propulsive force. In addition, the electric motors provide support in the form of electric boosting or when the operating point of the combustion engine can be optimised for greater efficiency. The focus of this mode is on performance and a sporty driving style at top speed.
“Race Hybrid” is the mode for maximum performance and an especially sporty driving style. The combustion engine is chiefly used under high load, and charges the battery when the driver is not utilising its maximum output. Again, the electric motors provide additional support in the form of boosting. Furthermore, the gear-shifting programme of the PDK is set up for even sportier driving. The electric motors are used up to the maximum power output limit to deliver the best possible performance for the race track. In this mode, the battery charge state is not kept constant, rather it fluctuates over the entire charge range. In contrast to Sport Hybrid mode, the electric motors run at their maximum power output limit for a short time for better boosting. This increased output is balanced by the combustion engine charging the battery more intensively. Electric power is thus available even with several very fast laps.
The “Hot Lap” button in the middle of the map switch releases the final reserves of the 918 Spyder and can only be activated in “Race Hybrid” mode. Similar to a qualification mode, this pushes the traction battery to its maximum power output limits for a few fast laps. This mode uses all of the available energy in the battery.
A seven-speed Doppelkupplung (PDK) transmission handles power transmission to the rear axle. The high-performance transmission is the sportiest version of the successful PDK; it has undergone a complete redesign for the 918 Spyder and has been further optimised for high performance. To ensure a low mounting position for a low centre of gravity of the entire vehicle, the gear unit was turned “upside down” by rotating it 180 degrees about its longitudinal axis, in contrast to other Porsche series. If no power is required on the rear axle, the two motors can be decoupled by opening the decoupler and PDK clutches. This is the action behind the Porsche hybrid drive’s typical “coasting” with the combustion engine switched off.
For very performance-oriented customers of the 918 Spyder, Porsche offers the “Weissach” package. These modified super sports cars can be recognised at first glance by special colours and designs that are based on legendary Porsche race cars. The roof, rear wings, rear-view mirrors and frames of the windscreen are made of visible carbon. Parts of the interior are upholstered with Alcantara instead of leather, and visible carbon replaces much of the aluminium. Sound insulation has been reduced. The emphasis on performance is not just visual: very lightweight magnesium wheels reduce unsprung masses; gross weight was reduced by about 35 kg. The benefits are experienced in further improved dynamic performance. Other references from motorsport are six-point seatbelts for driver and front passenger, optional film-coating instead of body paint, as well as additional aerodynamic body parts in visible carbon.
A portrait of Magnus Walker, the rebel Porsche customizer who turned a hobby into an obsession, and an obsession into a successful business.
From a workshop in downtown Los Angeles, Magnus obsessively harvests fragments from donor 911s, grafting them onto vintage frames to create one-of kind automobiles with the spirit of Ferdinand Porsche but an ethos entirely his own.
Hey… They even wrote back!
Saying words to the affect “give us a call back when you are older”.
Fast forward a few years, and in 1986 at the age of 19 I moved to America and started a new life in LOS ANGELES..
At the age of 25 in 1992 I acquired my first 911, now almost 20 years later and over 40 -911 cars later I am living my PORSCHE dream.
I have done some club racing and instructing with the POC throughout the past 10 years. Over the past few years I have been expanding my 64-73 early car collection and have been building quite a few “sports purpose” R -ST inspired streetable track type cars.
My builds are starting to gain world wide attention, and a few unique touches such as my grafted R turn signals, louvered deck lids, drilled door handles and attention to detail to name a few are becoming my “signature marks”.
Magnus Walker poses with his 1971 Porsche 911. Photo by Magnus Walker.
Magnus Walker The Outlaw. The Trailer.
accepted into the RAINDANCE FILM FESTIVAL in London.
will be distributed & released worldwide online via Reelhouse.org.
Since the trailer was released in late May of 2012 it obtained over a 1.2 million click throughs. The initial intent was to submit the film to festivals. Since submitting the film to festivals and competitions the film has won a prestigious Award of Merit from the Best Shorts Competition, for short documentary. The film is schedule to debut in London at the Raindance Film Festival on Sept. 28 2012, and will play in Atlanta and Edmonton shortly there after.
While the film continues to navigate the festival circuit, Tamir & Magnus have decided that limiting the viewership to select cities, with limited seating, would be the wrong choice for the film. . Following Raindance the film will be made available online.
We’ve opted to go with Reelhouse.org, a new platform for film audiences. Knowing that we were going to release the film globally we wanted a platform that could create a theatrical experience that was intimate. Reelhouse is more then a micro site, or faceless link for audiences to view.
Through Reelhouse.org viewers can reach out toMagnus Walker and to the filmmaker. In the spirit of Louis C.K., and the filmmakers behind Press Pause Play, this is a new age in filmmaking, let’s cut out the distributors, studios and marketers. Let good film connect with an audience, and let that audience connect with the filmmakers.
If the audience likes the film, they can support the filmmakers. In short, let’s continue down the path of accessible art for the masses.
The Porsche 918 Spyder is coming.
Production of the most anticipated Porsche starts at the company’s Stuttgart plant on Sept. 18, 2013 with only 918 units to be produced. Porsche will start selling the car for a starting price tag of $845,000 and the first customer cars will begin arriving in the United States near the end of 2013.
That’s quite a bit time. But before all that happens, Porsche decided to give a select few a first ride in a very early prototype for the 918 Spyder.
A ride in a 2014 Porsche 918 Spyder prototype, the only one in the world at a remote test track, a gaggle of Porsche engineers are at work, surrounded by all sorts of data-logging equipment. And there, in the middle of it all, is the 918.
The first ever Porsche 918 Spyder to run under its own means is nothing more than a rolling chassis pieced together so engineers can test its gasoline-electric hybrid drivetrain.
Partly covered in modified Porsche 911 body panels and flaunting outrageous exhaust pipes that sprout up from the engine bay at the rear (a feature we’re assured will be retained for production), it is a long way from the 918 Spyder concept that basked in the spotlight at the 2010 Geneva Auto Show.
“The production version will be very similar to the concept car in overall appearance,” Frank Walliser, chief engineer for the 918 program.
As we know the Porsche 918 Spyder by now. Mere months after its unveiling, Porsche confirmed it would put the supercar into production as a successor to the celebrated Carrera GT, starting on September 18, 2013.
Just 918 examples are planned, each running down a dedicated line that is being established in a former paint shop at the car maker’s Zuffenhausen headquarters in Germany. It is the same factory that builds the latest Boxster and 911 — a holy grail to true Porsche fans, no less.
The Porsche engineers make some adjustments to the prototype’s electronics, which are housed in a makeshift aluminum box strapped to an area that will eventually be occupied by the production car’s rear spoiler. Walliser’s boss, Wolfgang Hatz, Porsche’s chief of research and development, slides down into the driver seat and twists a key in the left-hand-mounted ignition. Odd whirring sounds rise up from underneath before the gasoline engine catches and fills the garage with a deep pulsating blare of exhaust from those prominent tailpipes.
The centerpiece of the new Porsche is its mid-rear-mounted V8 gasoline engine, seated on traditional rubber mounts (rather than the hydraulic mounts used on the 911) within a carbon-fiber cradle that is attached to the back of the main tub by six prominent mounting points.
Similar to the 90-degree V8 used in the Porsche RS Spyder successfully campaigned in the American Le Mans series between 2005 and 2008, the engine has gained 1.2 liters of displacement, going from 3.4 liters in race trim up to 4.6 liters in this application.
Walliser describes the engine as “entirely new,” noting that it features an all-new crankcase, cylinder head design and low-reciprocating-mass internals, plus that radical exhaust system that sees two pipes exit just behind the integral carbon-fiber roll hoops. The point of this arrangement is to keep hot exhaust gases well away from the car’s heat-sensitive battery pack mounted down low directly behind the tub.
The revamped V8 has been tuned to rev to a dizzying 9,200 rpm (though in its current state of tune, it has a lower redline), and owing to its racing gene, Walliser promises it will deliver the same razor-sharp throttle response as the Carrera GT’s 5.7-liter V10. Porsche engineers tell us the V8 makes about 562 horsepower.
But the 2014 Porsche 918 Spyder is a hybrid, remember, so it also has a pair of synchronous electric motors — one mounted up front acting exclusively on the front wheels with 107 hp, and a second, 121-hp motor attached to the rear of the gasoline engine providing drive to the rear wheels. We’re told total system power will be in the neighborhood of 759 hp, with 568 pound-feet of torque.
Barely containing his delight at finally getting to show off the 918 Spyder to someone other than an engineer, Hatz gingerly guides the prototype out of the garage. After prodding the throttle a couple times to release some heat into the engine and its peripheries, he speeds off into the distance. We scramble back into the Multivan and catch up with the prototype at the end of an immense test track. The engineering team has spent the 10 days here at the track methodically running through the first systems test of the new car.
This car will offer five driving modes. There’s “e power” for all-electric operation, a “hybrid” mode that allows either electric or gasoline operation, followed by “sport hybrid,” which is the first of three performance-oriented gasoline-electric modes. Beyond that, “race hybrid” calls up even further levels of performance, while “hot lap” unleashes all the battery’s remaining power for short periods of what Walliser describes as overboost.
Nothing is official just yet, but Porsche is aiming for a curb weight around 1,700 kg (3,747 pounds), with 0-62-mph acceleration in less than 3 seconds.
The 2014 Porsche 918 Spyder prototype rides on a unique chassis made almost entirely from cast-aluminum components. The suspension is a combination of double wishbones at the front and a multilink setup in back, but unlike the system on the Carrera GT, which used a racecarlike pushrod system attached to the unit-body, the 918 has conventional springs and dampers sited outboard near the center-lock-style wheels, which measure 20 inches up front and 21 inches in the rear and are wrapped in 265/35R20 and 325/35R21 Michelin Pilot Sport Cup rubber.
Computer simulations suggest the production car will be capable of generating up to a 1.4g on the skid pad (though that’s a maximum figure, rather than the average lateral acceleration we customarily report). He also drops a Nurburgring claim: Porsche is targeting 7 minutes, 22 seconds on the Nordschleife — still well short of the Dodge Viper’s 7:12, but moving nonetheless.
Even in early prototype form, the 2014 Porsche 918 Spyder is hugely impressive. There’s still a long way to go — another 18 months of intensive development, no less. But as our ride comes to an end, we’re struck by just how far Porsche’s engineering team has come during just 10 days of development work on the rolling chassis.
evo’s Editorial Director and Founder Harry Metcalfe has a look at the future of the supercar.
From Top Gear: The performance headlines are this. Acceleration from 0-62mph in ‘less than three’ seconds. Zero to 125mph in a time that almost matches a Bugatti Veyron. And a Nürburgring lap time (so far verified only on Porsche’s supernaturally accurate simulators), of 7.22. That’s 10 seconds faster than the old Carrera GT, and 10 seconds.
From AutoWeek: As if that’s not enough, Porsche also says its new supercar will boast a combined city/highway fuel-consumption figure of more than 78.4 mpg (U.S.) on the current European cycle. By comparison, the Carrera GT returned just 13.2 mpg (U.S.) under the same test procedure.
From Wired: Porsche pulled a variant of the 4.6-liter V8 originally fitted to the three-time ALMS LMP2 Championship-winning RS Spyder. That engine put out a comparatively paltry 503 horsepower, but fitted to the 918, output is up to 570 hp. That figure is before you account for the 918′s two electric motors, and it’s also where the similarities to past supercars ends. | 2019-04-21T21:06:09Z | https://dedeporsche.com/tag/porsche-carrera-gt/ |
For Australian businesses relying on their vehicle fleet, it is not a simple matter in 2017. Government legislation, Health and Safety obligations, financing, maintenance and many more factors call for an effective fleet management solution with the overall aim of taking a holistic approach to minimise risk and with it, costs. As a result, fleet management is essential to fleet operations and increasing your bottom line.
If you’re responsible for your company’s fleet management, fleet tracking, GPS fleet tracking systems and software, then this guide is for you. We explain the information that matters, provide a useful fleet management software reviews, buyer guide checklists and explain exactly what to expect when choosing a fleet management system. This guide also outlines the benefits of fleet management software as well as some of the different options available.
How to Choose Fleet Management Software?
Fleet management software is the system used for the management and data collation of your fleet.
Whether the fleet is comprised of trucks, cars, motorbikes, vans, specialist farming or mining equipment, the same term applies. Fleet management software brings together all the different aspects and challenges of managing a fleet, whether it’s 5 vehicles or 5000.
Fleet management systems can be put in place to make an unwieldy job of many parts much simpler and less prone to error. All of the above factors alongside driver management, speed management, fuel management and much can all be taken care of under one umbrella with GPS fleet tracking systems and fleet management software.
Vehicle tracking software is the foundation of fleet management software. All fleet management software systems are built around vehicle tracking software to provide the simplest and most comprehensive way of managing your fleet. By employing vehicle tracking software in a company’s fleet operations you are able to make fleet management simpler and more cost-effective.
Vehicle tracking software automatically collects fleet data and feeds this into the fleet management software to present it in digestible data sets that can be configured to suit your fleet’s requirements and answer questions such as: Where is every member of your fleet? Are they on schedule? What speed are they doing? What is the best route? What is your dispatch data? Are they safe? Is the vehicle in good working order? Vehicle tracking Systems answer all these questions and more in real-time allowing you to effectively manage your fleet and become more cost-efficient. From Brisbane to Perth, from Darwin to Tasmania, if your fleet is on the road then so is your fleet tracking system.
To summarise, fleet management software is the technical part which brings all the data collected from your fleet trackers together to make it useful and easy to understand. Fleet management software brings you the real benefits of GPS fleet tracking systems and is extremely valuable for fleet managers . Fleet managers are able to make informed decisions about the fleet, ranging from monitoring driver performance to ensuring the fleet is operating at full efficiency.
2016 is an exciting time for GPS fleet tracking and fleet management software for the Australian market. The functionality of these systems are continually being improved and new features and applications are being developed. So, what do you need to look for?
‘Who are you and what do you do?’ is the first and most important question when it comes to deciding on which benefits of fleet management software that you require. Having a clear idea of not only the function of your business, but crucially, the fleet management requirements within that, is essential to choosing the right GPS fleet tracking system and fleet management software for your company.
Are you a logistics firm with tight deadline and dispatch times? Does your business require effective transport management solutions? Are you a hire company with multiple vehicles and users? Are you a local delivery service? Are you a taxi firm, airport drivers or limo specialists? Do you have a large fleet of company cars with a sales force working mainly on the road? These are the questions you need to answer before moving on to your checklist of requirements.
Once you have a good understanding about what your fleet does, you are then ready to ask yourself what you need. What is the current fleet management like in your business? What works and what doesn’t? What are your priorities?
When considering what you need from your fleet management system you need to draw up a list of the things important to you. There are dozens of software packages to choose from, the way to work out which is best for your specific Australian fleet service is to know exactly what your key concerns are.
Look at your entire fleet management system from vehicle acquisition, through its lifespan (maintenance) until the point of disposal. Consider how you want to use the data that a GPS fleet tracking system will provide and decide how you will use the reporting functions.
Consider all the below points in regards to the question: What Specific Tasks Do I Need Our Fleet Management Software To Do?
What Software Support do we need? What Software Support is available?
Do we need our Fleet Management Software to integrate with specific Apps?
What reporting functions do we need?
How do we use our fleet management statistics?
Do the fleet management software providers offer a trial period? Is it free? Does it cost?
By working through these checklists you will have a clear impression of what you need from your fleet management software in order to increase operational efficiency. You’re then ready to move on to comparing some of the different fleet management software packages.
We understand that searching for fleet management companies that meet your requirements can be a lengthy process and sometimes impossible to find. However, Global Positioning Specialists are able to make this process much easier and provide you with up to four free tailor-made quotes from leading fleet management suppliers. Simple fill out the form at the top of the now.
Which Fleet Management Software Package Suits Australian Fleet Services Best?
As we’ve seen above: there is not a one size fits all approach. No two fleet-based companies are the same. Requirements differ. Take your time to go through the above check-lists and you’ll be best placed to start sorting the wheat from the chaff for your particular fleet tracking and management requirements.
Once you know what you need, look through our expert reviews of the top 20 big fleet management software players and compare services.
Fleet management solutions have become ever more important in streamlining fleet operations and reducing costs to increase business’ bottom line. As a result, they are now considered to be an essential part of any SME or large organisation which operates a fleet. And whilst there are a wide variety of Australian fleet services available it is essential to consider only those options which meet your specific needs and requirements. Keep this in mind as you compare fleet management software providers and you’ll be able to select the product that best fits your business.
Find the best fleet management software for your business with our expert reviews below. Compare prices and save up to 30%.
Teletrac Navman DIRECTOR is an international serving fleet management software that offers a fully comprehensive telematics solution for your business. They cover every niche of fleet management that you could need from your software, including driver safety, compliance, and fleet and asset management. Teletrac Navman DIRECTOR has highly functional reporting options and is an invaluable tool for many fleet-based businesses.
Most buyers know what to expect when they choose TomTom for their Fleet Management Software. The TomTom WEBFLEET vehicle tracking software is well-known by individuals and across the entire industry.
They are global leaders when it comes to GPS technology and this combines with a WEBFLEET package to offer an excellent Software as a Service solution to all customers.
Operating on Australian turf since 2004, Intellitrac has the fleet tracking software most businesses can benefit from. Keen to expand their reach, Intellitrac are gaining ground internationally, but they are nonetheless still a key provider of fleet management software in Australia. They have a strong reputation for providing fleet tracking software to a range of businesses and a particularly strong track record meeting the vehicle tracking requirements of various government departments. They offer competitive pricing that is hard to beat.
Fleetmatics Reveal has gained a strong name in the fleet management software field. Reveal, as its name suggests, is software designed with the intent of increasing the overall visibility of your fleet and ensuring you have accurate real-time data and reporting functions at your fingertips. They offer globally developed technology that is ideal for fleet management software solutions in Australia. Over 42,000 customers are using Fleetmatics services.
Securatrak MyGeotab is an excellent and versatile piece of fleet management software. This fleet tracking software will ensure that the end user gets a brilliantly useful product that is affordable and quickly offers worthwhile return of investment. They have a strong track record for supporting MyGeotab through excellent customer service and it is instinctive and easy to use. Securatrak benefit from backing their software with the research, development and expertise of a global corporation.
The Ctrack Fleet Connect fleet tracking software package is a truly scalable fleet management software option that is suitable for a wide range of industries – from supply chains to logistics to emergency vehicles. The features of Ctrack Solo are far-ranging and include important aspects such as behaviour monitoring, fuel reporting and other exceptional reports, and geo-fencing options. They are currently the software solution for 10,000 vehicles nationwide.
Utilising web-based scalable fleet management software solutions, Telogis Fleet focuses on excellent useful reporting with integration with other business systems. Telogis Fleet is a complete asset management tool and not only enables fleet logistics but also incorporates maintenance, payroll and dispatch to ensure that you get the most from your fleet all under the same software umbrella. Furthermore, you can add to Telogis Fleet with other Telogis products to extend the functionality and capability of your vehicle tracking software solution.
Aus Tracker is another one for those loyal to Australian business development. Their fleet tracking software has been developed solely with Australian businesses in mind. Aus Tracker’s Fleet Management Software plays strongly to the needs of Australian businesses, from the smallest service provider to a large-scale construction or mining company. In addition, their use of auto-electricians means you’re never far from software support.
Tramigo are a global name in fleet tracking software and their M1 Fleet tracking software is ideal for the Australian market. Tramigo do things quite differently compared to other providers, and this is reflected in their software systems. They use Tramigo Landmark Data (TLD) to provide you with tracking and mapping options even for incredibly remote vehicles and assets – absolutely invaluable in the Australian mining industry.
Offering fleet management software solutions to a vast range of fleet sizes, Netcorps GPS is Australian software that can be installed and up and running in a very short period of time. Additionally, Netcorps GPS is scalable. Netcorps GPS vehicle tracking software is definitely one to watch as the product is from the fastest-growing company in the industry. Netcorps GPS have a trio of plans suitable for different businesses.
The idea behind MTData Hawk-Eye is to provide you with everything you need from your fleet tracking software solution at your fingertips from one login. Cloud-based, they have thought of everything you need from your software including driver behaviour management, dispatch management, and compliance monitoring. Furthermore, the Hawk-Eye software can work in conjunction with other MTData add-ons, such as refrigeration temperature tracking, to ensure you get what you need from both your fleet and the software you choose.
Myionu Reports are all about using fleet management software to make the best of the information gathered through their vehicle tracking technology. They offer a whole suite of options and customisations to ensure you get exactly what your business needs from the fleet tracking data collected. Myionu Reports is suitable for a range of different businesses from large to small, and they particularly take an interest in protecting and improving not only the fleet efficiency, but also individuals within the business.
The fleet tracking software from Fleetlog comes with the backing of an international company and a big name in fleet management software globally. Their web-based vehicle tracking software is intuitive and easy to use, and comes with the added benefit of flexibility as you are not tied in to contracts that don’t serve your business needs. Fleetlog combine various different functions of fleet tracking software, including behaviour management for fleet operators and drivers, which can reduce the overall costs of your fleet whilst improving safety and operational efficiency.
When considering fleet managements software Australia, it can be important to many businesses to choose an Australian business. With iHound that’s exactly what you get from your chosen fleet tracking software. The iHound Business packages offer a range of solutions that really understand and work for various Australian businesses. They are one of the few companies to offer a dedicated medical equipment tracking solution, for example. Using iHound Business fleet management software will prove a worthwhile investment for your business.
Ezy2c’s EZ-273H is a fleet management web interface that makes vehicle tracking incredibly user-friendly. This is the company’s leading fleet management solution and is available across the country, and supported as such. This is an affordable fleet tracking software and can work in conjunction with various different add-ons to create a tailored system that suits your fleet. It is a scalable tool with the benefits of being provided on a plug-in or a wired in basis.
Once you’ve established your fleet tracking software needs, Telemax offer a diverse range of solutions for fleet management software. Excellent in their field when it comes to real-time tracking and fully comprehensive packages, but they also offer flexibility and customisation to ensure you get exactly what your fleet needs. Starting out in Queensland, they know the demands of the Australian market well, and can cater for any sized fleet.
Leaders in fleet management software Australia, Future Fleet have some of best technologies on the market for the logistics and transport industries. With well over a decade’s experience they are a Brisbane born and bred company who consistently lead the field. Whatever your vehicle tracking software requirements, you’ll find a solution with Future Fleet GPS tracking software. Their solutions cover everything for trailers and asset Tracking, large scale complex fleets, and more.
With 5 years in the business, Track My Ride are still making a name for themselves on the Australian fleet management software scene. However, they are a worthy contender due to their all-in-one solutions that are particularly ideal for car and motorbike based fleets. A real benefit to choosing Track My Ride for your vehicle tracking software is that in their products they offer 6 months of free tracking. They are therefore an affordable and scalable software solution.
ArmadaGPS vehicle tracking software utilises the Armada TruePath system that works in conjunction with Google Maps, making for a very user-friendly and informative interface. The software allow you to access the basics of journey information but also provides you with reports such as mileage or arrival times as well as various alerts. Based in Queensland, this software solution is a buy-and-go option for your fleet management software needs.
Trakonline have designed a fleet management software dedicate to serving the needs of vehicle security as well as plant and equipment tracking.
They focus reliably on continual software development whilst ensuring Australian businesses can access an affordable solution.
This is an ideal solution if security is a major concern. | 2019-04-18T23:01:46Z | https://www.gps.com.au/fleet-management-solutions/fleet-management-vehicle-tracking-software |
At the shipping department of a company, contracted outlets or outlets of delivery companies, information concerning the shipper and receiver are written into a label having a memory, but no controller or energy source. The label has a transmitter and the label makes use of power supplied by RF query signals to fetch the information stored and transmits such information to a label reader located either in a portable recorder or at sorting locations. After the information is written into the label, the label is attached to the package. Upon being picked up, the label on the package is read by a portable recorder which transmits the information to a main computer. The packages are then delivered to local hubs of the receiving outlets where information in the labels of the packages are read and the packages sorted according to the information in the labels on the packages and the packages are then delivered to either a central hub and/or local distribution centers of the destinations, where the labels of the packages are then read and the packages sorted accordingly for ultimate delivery to the receiver. Tracking numbers and other delivery information may be retrieved at any point along the way either by portable recorder or at the sorting centers and transmitted to the main computer for tracking and response to inquiries.
This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/904,891 filed on Aug. 1, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,971,587.
This invention relates in general to delivery systems and in particular to an improved package and mail delivery system.
In a conventional package delivery system, packages including parcels and envelopes are delivered in the following manner. The shipper of the parcel or envelope is identified and the shipper's name, telephone number and address as well as the receiver's name, telephone number and address are recorded on a delivery form. The delivery type, tracking number and other remarks such as COD and other special instructions are also recorded on the delivery form. After the above-noted information has been recorded on the delivery form, the form is placed onto or attached to each package. Some delivery forms have pre-printed barcodes, or a separate barcode label may be printed and placed onto or attached to the package. The barcodes may be used as tracking numbers also.
In a conventional package delivery system, packages are picked up by delivery companies from locations where the above-noted information is input into a computer for purposes such as invoicing and tracing. Tracking numbers on the delivery forms or on the separate barcode labels are read by a barcode scanner and transmitted to the central computer center for customer service, so that information of the whereabouts of the packages can be provided in response to customer inquiry. The packages are typically sorted manually by having a person read the receiver's address on the delivery form of each package. After the packages have been sorted they are delivered by train, truck or plane, depending on the type of delivery specified on the delivery form, to the destination. On its way, the package may need to be sorted repeatedly by hand at different locations in a similar manner before it is delivered to the specified destination. During each step of the delivery process, the tracking number of each package may be read by a barcode scanner and transmitted to the central computer center.
The above-described conventional package delivery system is expensive and prone to errors. Since the sorting is done manually, a large number of people would have to be hired to sort the packages by means of the information entered on the delivery forms.
In view of the above disadvantages, alternatives have been proposed. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,153,842 for example, an integrated circuit package label and/or manifest system is proposed by Dlugos, Sr. et al. In this system, a battery or solar cell powered integrated circuit package label is attached to each package, where each label is used to store delivery information. After the package has been delivered, the label is detached and returned to the carrier, where some or all of the information in the label is read by a terminal and uploaded to a host computer for billing and analysis. The label is then reused.
While the proposed integrated circuit patched label of Dlugos, Sr. et al. described above is an improvement over the conventional system, the labels proposed by Dlugos, Sr. et al. are expensive since each of such labels requires a microprocessor and a battery or solar cell for powering the label. It is, therefore, desirable to provide a simpler design for the package delivery system which is simpler and inexpensive.
A first aspect of the invention is directed towards a method for tracking items in a package delivery system comprising writing into a plurality of storage labels, each of the labels associated with an item to be delivered, information concerning delivery of the items, said information useful for automated sorting and tracking the items along their passage to destinations; transporting the items and their associated labels; applying query signals to the labels to retrieve the information and causing said labels to provide said information by means of energy of the query signals received by the labels. The method further comprises sorting the items by means of the information retrieved and delivering the sorted items to destinations.
Another aspect of the invention is directed towards a system for tracking items in package delivery comprising a plurality of storage labels; means for writing into each of said plurality of storage labels, information concerning delivery of an associated item, said information useful for automated sorting and tracking the items along their passage to destinations; means for transporting the items and their associated labels and means for applying query signals to the labels to retrieve the information, said labels providing said information by means of energy of the query signals received by the labels. The system further comprises means for sorting the items by means of the information retrieved and means for delivering the sorted items to destinations.
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a host computer system with a label writer to illustrate the invention.
FIG. 1B is a front view of a label useful for illustrating the invention.
FIGS. 1C and 1D are perspective views of different types of packages that may be shipped using the system and method of this invention.
FIG. 1E is a perspective view of a label reader useful for illustrating the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the various points in the dispersion chain of packages where the host computer, the label writer and/or the label reader of FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1E may be used for writing labels for attachment to packages, and tracking and sorting the packages to illustrate the invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a preferred method of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a sorting subsystem useful for illustrating this invention.
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a host computer system with a label writer. FIG. 1B is a front view of a label which may be used for storing information about packages so that the packages may be sorted and tracked. The host computer system 10 includes a computer 12, monitor 14, keyboard 16 and a label writer 18. Label writer 18 is adapted for writing information into a label 20 of FIG. 1B, preferably by contact with the label 20. Information such as the name, address of the entity or person sending the package, and the receiver's name/address zip code may be input through the keyboard 16 or any other input device to computer 12 which causes the writer 18 to write such information into label 20. Other information such as tracking number, delivery type and class (special delivery, second day air, ground guaranteed, COD, etc.) and special instructions for delivery may also be recorded in label 20 through the computer system 10 and writer 18 in the same manner. All such information is stored in a memory in label 20. If desired, some or all of the information so stored may also be printed on label 20. Label 20 is a delivery label preferably constructed with an electronic device sandwiched between paper or plastic materials, and the bottom cover of the label has glue with peel-off paper. In this manner, after appropriate information has been input into the label (and printed on the label if desired) the paper is peeled off and the label 20 containing delivery information about a particular package is then glued onto such package, such as a package illustrated in FIG. 1C or 1D.
Information to be written into label 20 may also be conveyed to label writer 18 from sources other than a host computer; such and other implementations are within the scope of the invention.
In reference to FIG. 2, the above-described process using the host computer for writing information into the label 20 (and printing information on the label) may be performed at points such as outlets 52 of the dispersion system 50 in FIG. 2. Outlets 52 may be contracted outlets for receiving packages or the shipping departments of companies, government or other entities. These outlets are equipped with systems such as the computer system 10 of FIG. 1A for inputting the above-described information into label 20. After the appropriate information has been written into the labels and the labels attached to their respective packages, the packages at the outlets 52 are then picked up by one or more delivery companies. The package pick-up person from the delivery company carries a data recorder 60 of FIG. 1E, where recorder 60 includes a label reader 62. Preferably recorder 60 is portable so that the delivery person may carry it while making deliveries.
In reference to FIGS. 1E and 2, the label reader 62 reads the information stored in label 20 and stores such information read in a memory in recorder 60. The information read from the label may be displayed on the screen 64 and a keyboard 66 is provided for the package delivery person to input information. Recorder 60 preferably contains a microprocessor for controlling the storage of information from reader 62 and the input of information from a user. Recorder 60 preferably also includes a transmitter whereby information, including information read by reader 62 and that input by the delivery person, may be transmitted to a main computer center 70 through wireless communication, such as through radio frequency signals 72. This is illustrated in FIG. 2, where the delivery persons use readers 62 to read the labels on the packages they are delivering and use the recorders 60 to send such and other information to center 70 through signals 72 while such persons are on route between the outlets 52 and hubs 80.
Label reader 62, which may be battery powered, transmits a query signal to label 20 for reading the information therein. Label 20 contains a transmitter 22 and a memory for storing the information input by label writer 18. In the preferred embodiment, label 20 has no controller, processor or microprocessor of any kind, and also has no battery, solar cell or any other kind of energy source. Label 20 has the capability of using the energy of the query signal from label reader 62 or other sources for fetching the information stored in its memory and transmitting the information so fetched by transmitter 22 to the label reader 62. Label 20 may comprise an integrated circuit with memory, an antenna in the form of a coil, so that information may be recorded in the memory, fetched in response to query signals without its own energy source and transmitted by means of the coil. Labels of this type may be ordered with the above specifications from a number of semiconductor chip manufacturers, such as Indala, Inc. of San Jose, Calif.
In one embodiment, label reader 62 sends radio frequency query signals to label 20 and label 20 responds by transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals containing the information stored in label 20 to reader 62, using the energy of the query signals from reader 62. The label reader 62 contains a transceiver which transmits the query signals and receives information from the label 20 through wireless communication such as RF signals. Obviously, other types of wireless communication other than radio frequency signals may be used and are within the scope of the invention.
The delivery person delivers the packages preferably to a local hub 80 of the delivery company, where the labels on the packages are read and the packages sorted in accordance with the information stored in the attached labels; for example, the packages may be sorted in accordance with delivery classification, zip codes, cities, delivery class and so on. The sorting process is described in detail below in reference to FIG. 4. The reading of the information from the labels may be accomplished by a smart label reader 62 at the local hubs 80. The label reader 62 used may be part of the portable data recorder 60 used at the local hubs; alternatively, the label reader 62 may be stand alone devices stationed at such local hubs.
After the packages have been sorted at hubs 80, they are then delivered either to a central sorting hub 100 or directly to one or more local distribution centers 110 of the destination of the packages as shown in FIG. 2. At the central sorting hub and/or the distribution center 110, the packages are then again read by means of label reader 62 and sorted according to the information read. If the packages are delivered to a central sorting hub, they are then delivered to local distribution centers for corresponding destinations of the packages. At the local distribution centers, the packages are then loaded to a package delivery vehicle and delivered to the receivers or addressees 120 of the packages according to the name and address information stored in the labels. The tracking numbers and other delivery information of the packages can be read by the label reader 62 at any point between the outlets 52 and the receivers 120 by means of the label reader in a portable data recorder 60 carried by a delivery person at any delivery route between outlets 52 and receivers 120 and can be read by label readers 62 at the local hubs 80, the central hub 100 or the distribution center 110. Such information may be transmitted to the main computer center 70 at any time on route between outlet and receiver 120, to enable the packages to be tracked and traced if necessary.
The process of this invention is now illustrated in reference to FIG. 3. At the receiving outlets 52, information described above concerning the shipper and the receiver or addressee 120 is written into the labels 20 and the labels are then attached to the packages (block 200). The labels are then read by the portable data recorder of the delivery person from a delivery company and the information so read are then transmitted to the main computer center (block 202). The packages are then delivered to the corresponding local hub of the outlets, where information in the labels are again read by a portable data recorder or a stand alone label reader. Again, the information may be transmitted to the main computer center if desired for purposes of confirmation and tracking (block 204). After the labels on the packages are being read and the packages sorted using the information read (block 204), the packages are then delivered either directly to the local distribution centers 110 of the destinations or to a central hub 100 (block 206). In some situations, it may be desirable to deliver some of the packages to a central hub and other packages directly to a local distribution centers of the destinations. At the central hub and/or distribution centers, the labels on the packages are again read by means of the portable data recorders or stand alone label readers as described above (block 206), and the packages are sorted by reference to the information that has been read from the labels on such packages. If the packages are delivered to a central hub, then the packages will need to be delivered to local distribution centers of the destinations where information in the labels are again read so that the packages can again be sorted in an optional step (block 208). After the packages are sorted at the local distribution centers (blocks 206 and/or 208), the packages are then delivered from the distribution centers to the receivers or addressees at their destinations (block 210).
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a subsystem for sorting packages or delivery items in accordance with this invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the sorting subsystem comprises two stages, each stage including a conveyor belt and associated label readers and gates. The first stage includes conveyor belt 302(1) for conveying the packages or delivery items 5 with labels that are used to store delivery information and attached to the items in the manner described above. Along side of the conveyor belt 302(1) is provided a row of n label readers 304(1), 304(2), . . . 304(n) collectively referred to as readers 304 and two sets of gates: n gates 306(1), 306(2) . . . , 306(n) collectively referred to as gates 306, where n is a positive integer, and n gates 308(1), 308(2) . . . , 308(n) collectively referred to as gates 308, where n is a positive integer. Label readers 304 are controlled by a host computer 310 which sends sorting instructions to the label readers 304.
Subsystem 300 also has a second stage comprising conveyor belt 302(2) and associated label readers 334(1), 334(2), . . . , 334(n) collectively referred to as readers 334 and two sets of gates: n gates 336(1), 336(2), . . . , 336(n) collectively referred to as gates 336, and n gates 338(1), 338(2), . . . , 338(n) collectively referred to as gates 338, and receive items 5 from the first stage from paths 320(1), 320(2), . . . , 320(n) collectively referred to as paths 320.
The label readers in the first stage may, for example, receive instructions from the host computer 310 to sort the packages or items according to the delivery instruction classifications, such as overnight air, second day air and ground delivery. Thus, the first label reader 304(1) of the first stage may be instructed by the host computer to select all items that should be delivered by overnight air delivery, and the second label reader 304(2) may be instructed to select all items to be delivered by second day air delivery, and a third label reader 304(3) may be instructed to select all items to be delivered by ground delivery, for example. When label 304(1) reads the label of a package that passes it on the conveyor belt 302(1) and finds information in the label indicating overnight air delivery, label 304(1) would cause gate 306(1) (through a gate control forming a part of the gate) to close and gate 308(1) to open, so that the item so selected will be prevented from travelling any further along belt 302(1) but instead travel through gate 308(1) through a path 320(1) to conveyor belt 302(2). If label reader 304(1), upon reading the information in the label of an item passing by that such item is to be delivered other than by overnight air delivery, label reader 304(1) will not cause gate 306(1) to close or gate 308(1) to open, so that such item will be transported by conveyor belt 302(1) to label reader 304(2). Label reader 304(2) will then read the information on the label of the item to find out if such item should be delivered by second day air delivery. If the information so indicates, label reader 304(2) will then cause gate 306(2) to close and gate 308(2) to open, causing the package to stop travelling on belt 302(1) and travel down path 320(2) to belt 302(2).
The second stage of subsystem 300 comprises conveyor belt 302(2) and the associated label readers 334, gates 336 and 338 which operate in a manner substantially similar to that of the first stage, but with label readers 334 comprising readers 334(1), 334(2) . . . , which are instructed by host computer 310 to sort by a different criteria than the first stage, such as by zip code. Thus, the first label reader 334(1) may be instructed to pick up or select items whose addresses have zip codes starting with a zero, the second label reader 334(2) may be instructed to pick up or select items with addresses whose zip code starts with one and so on. Paths 320(1), 320(2), . . . , 320(n) may simply be chutes where the items will simply slide along an inclined trough from the first stage to the second stage.
After sorting by the second stage, the packages or items 5 may slide down another set of chutes 340(1), 340(2), . . . ,340(n) to respective loading docks 350(1), 350(2), . . . , 350(n) at which the packages or items 5 are loaded onto delivery trucks for delivery. Obviously, additional sorting stages may be included between the second stage and the loading docks, whereby the host computer will instruct label readers of such stage to further sort the delivery items, such as by city and neighborhood before the packages reach the loading docks. The host computer 310 collects information such as the number of items at each loading dock from the label readers and matches such information with the original information for further analysis.
The sorting can also be done by first sorting by country or state, followed by delivery classifications such as overnight air, second day air or ground, then by zip codes or other special instructions.
The above-described sorting system using label 20 enables fast and accurate sorting despite the size of the items. In conventional sorting using a barcode scanner, the scanner may need to re-focus to read the barcode attached to each item whenever the distances between the scanner and the barcode labels on the items change due to the different sizes of the items. Such re-focusing not only slows down the sorting process, but increases chances of mis-sorting. Furthermore, in order for the barcode scanner to read the barcode on the item, the item has to be oriented so that the label faces the scanner. This is not necessary when label 20 is read in the manner described above, so that the package 5 can be at any orientation with respect to the label reader.
While the invention has been described above by reference to various embodiments, it will be understood that different changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention which is to be defined only by the appended claims and their equivalents.
sorting the items by means of the information retrieved.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said applying causes the transmitters of said labels to transmit said information without using any energy source, controller or microprocessor in or associated with the labels.
3. The method of claim 1,, said applying step applying the signals by means of wireless communication.
4. The method of claim 1, said system having a plurality of local collection outlets, said writing step being performed at the outlets.
5. The method of claim 4, said system having a plurality of local collection hubs, each hub for collecting packages from a corresponding number of outlets, said transporting step transporting the items from said corresponding number of outlets to each of said hubs, said applying step applying the signals at the hubs, and said sorting step sorting the items at each of the hubs.
6. The method of claim 5, said transporting step transporting the items from one or more local hubs to a plurality of distribution centers or a central sorting hub, said applying and causing steps applying the signals to the items and causing the labels to provide said information at the centers or the central sorting hub, said sorting step sorting the items at the centers or the central sorting hub.
7. The method of claim 1, said Writing step writing into each label customized information related to name, address, telephone number or zip code related to destinations, and/or tracking number or special delivery instructions related to the item associated wit such label.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending the information retrieved to a central computer for tracking the items.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said writing step comprises contacting the labels by a label writer.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising attaching the labels to their associated items after the writing step.
a sorter sorting the items by means of the information retrieved.
12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of collection hubs and distribution centers, said instrument transporting the items from the hubs to the centers, said device applying the query signals and receiving said information provided by the labels at the centers.
13. The system of claim 11, said recorder comprising a reader/writer and a host computer.
14. The system of claim 11, said device comprising one or more portable data readers each of which comprises a transceiver that transmits the query signals and receives said information from the labels through wireless communication.
15. The system of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of local collection outlets, said recorder being located at the outlets.
16. The system of claim 15, said system having a plurality of local collection hubs, each hub for collection packages from a corresponding number of outlets, said instrument transporting the items from said corresponding number of outlets to each of said hubs, said device applying the signals at the hubs, and said sorter sorting the items at each of the hubs.
17. The system of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of local hubs, said instrument transporting the items to the hubs, said device applying the query signals and receiving said information provided byte labels at the hubs.
18. The system of claim 17, said sorter sorting the items at the hubs using the retrieved information.
19. The system of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of distribution centers and a central hub, said instrument transporting the items from local hubs to the centers or the central hub, said device applying the query signals and receiving said information provided by the labels at the centers or the central hub.
20. The system of claim 11, wherein said labels include no energy source, or controller or microprocessor and are suitable for attachment to the items.
21. The system of claim 11, said recorder writing into each label customized information related to name, address, telephone number or zip code related to destinations, and/or tracking number or special delivery instructions related to the item associated with such label.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein said transporting transports by means comprising delivery motor vehicles.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein said delivering delivers by means comprising delivery motor vehicles.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein said writing writes into each label customized information related to name, address, telephone number or zip code related to destinations, and/or tracking number or special delivery instructions related to the item associated with such label.
27. The system of claim 26, wherein said instrument comprises delivery motor vehicles.
28. The system of claim 26, further comprising delivery motor vehicles delivering the sorted items to destinations.
29. The system of claim 26, said recorder writing into each label customized information related to name, address, telephone number or zip code related to destinations, and/or tracking number or special delivery instructions related to the item associated with such label.
sorting the items by means of the customized information retrieved.
a sorter sorting the items by means of the customized information retrieved.
International Preliminary Examination Report mailed Nov. 11, 1999.
International Search Report mailed Nov. 3, 1998.
Written Opinion mailed Apr. 21, 1999. | 2019-04-23T23:13:06Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/US6721617B2/en |
Power up your Magento 2 store with subscriptions, auto-shipments, and recurring billing.
Other Extensions by ParadoxLabs, inc.
Every business wants dependable revenue. Adaptive Subscriptions is a way to achieve that. You already have a product or service in mind: Product subscriptions. Autoshipments. Automatic recurring billing. You just need a way to make it work. That's where we come in. Subscriptions give your customers what they want, and give you dependable revenue and brand loyalty. The best customer is one that keeps coming back. Subscriptions help you ensure that.
We've been dealing with subscriptions since the early days of Magento. This extension is the result of all of that expertise, plus years of careful development and improvements. This is a proven, highly powerful, highly flexible subscriptions solution--the best.
This is not a service. There are no ongoing costs. If you buy a license, it's yours, along with lifetime free updates.
Have a recurring revenue model in mind? Adaptive Subscriptions can probably handle it. And if it isn't supported out-of-box, get in touch with us and we'll help you figure out what's involved. We're always looking for ways to make our products better. We stand by our work.
Our subscriptions are just normal products. You can buy any number of subscriptions and regular products at once, with any combination of intervals.
All shipping methods are supported. Shipping costs are recalculated for every installment, guaranteeing accurate rates. If a shipping method becomes unavailable, each subscription will automatically switch to the next best option.
Every item becomes a separate subscription and can be modified and canceled separately. If a customer has multiple subscriptions on the same day, they'll be combined into a single order, saving you shipping costs and overhead.
Guests can purchase subscriptions with no hassle. They'll be auto-registered during checkout.
All standard Magento checkouts and most third-party checkout solutions are compatible.
Customers can choose subscription frequency from product options. Every 30 days? Every 90 days? One time only? Make it their choice. Or don't: You can also make single-interval products that are automatically subscriptions.
Subscriptions can run for a limited number of installments, or forever. You can choose whether customers are allowed to cancel.
You have complete control over when subscriptions bill. Normally all subscriptions are billed automatically by an hourly scheduled task. But you can turn that off and run subscriptions from the command line, or by manually selecting individual subscriptions to bill from the admin grid. Want to bill subscriptions when you're ready to process them? You can do that. Want to run one ahead of schedule for a customer? You can do that too.
You can also set blackout dates, days, or even whole months. Installments will only be scheduled on days allowed by configuration. You can run your subscriptions on the 1st and 15th of the month, or only on weekdays. Or skip holidays. Or your birthday (you deserve it). All it takes is a setting.
Adaptive Subscriptions also supports $0.00 ordering with most payment methods. Every subscription installment creates a new order. Payment is immediately authorized or captured using the payment data on file. The payment method and card can be changed after purchase (subject to payment method support).
If a subscription fails because of invalid payment information, the customer will be emailed asking them to update their payment info and reactivate the subscription. As soon as a failed subscription is reactivated, it'll return to its normal schedule.
You can define custom pricing for each subscription option on a product. You can also discount the first installment or charge a setup fee, using an adjustment price.
You can give customers a discount for subscribing to a product.
You can create cart price rules and promotions based on whether the customer is buying a subscription, what interval they chose, and what installment it is!
Coupons apply to the first installment only. Any price rules or custom subscription pricing takes effect when items are added to the cart.
All prices support Magento currency conversion, and all text can be translated.
Customers can manage their own subscriptions: They can view current info, change payment details and shipping address, and pause or cancel (if you let them). You can also notify the customer in advance of each installment, for each order, and for any payment errors that occur.
Admin grids let you view, search, sort, filter, and export your subscriptions, as well as reviewing every billing, error, and change that's occurred.
As an admin you can look up subscriptions by name, email, description, and order ID. Admins can change many details about a subscription, including the status, next installment date, frequency, description, length, payment account, shipping address, shipping method, and admin-only notes.
You can make any product type a subscription, including simple, virtual, configurable, downloadable, and bundle products. Some product types are subject to limitations. Please see the user manual for more info.
Every business is special. We hope this extension does everything you need, but if not, it should be easy to get it there.
Adaptive Subscriptions was carefully designed to be as extendable as possible. Under the hood, you'll find clean code and an architecture that makes it easy to change or even totally replace large parts of the default functionality.
This extension includes full Magento API support, with comprehensive documentation and additional technical info in the user manual.
Our source code is 100% unencoded (viewable source). When you purchase this extension, you get full access to view and modify it any way you need to (within the license terms).
ParadoxLabs is a proud Magento Solution Partner and member of ExtDN.org, the Extension Developers Network.
We pride ourselves on excellent support. Your purchase includes one year of complimentary extension support, plus free bug fixes and updates for the lifetime of this extension. If you find that it doesn't work as we intended in a standard installation, we'll help you fix that.
ParadoxLabs has been building and maintaining Magento payment solutions for years. Our extensions process over $2 billion dollars in transactions a year for thousands of stores like yours, and our support is top-notch.
Our staff are all located in the United States, with an office in downtown Lancaster, PA, open weekdays from 8 AM to 5 PM Eastern Time. Have a question, or want to try it out? Give us a call at 717-431-3330, or email us at [email protected].
- Updated composer dependency versions for Magento 2.3.
- Fixed date-type custom options causing a checkout error when purchasing a subscription.
- Fixed subscription email currency handling under certain circumstances.
- Fixed subscription pricing overriding added custom option prices.
- Fixed template loading on composer installs.
- Added rebilling shipping method fallback (and a setting to disable). Consolidated logic into QuoteManager.
- Changed admin order comment to not be copied to rebilling orders.
- Changed admin subscription view to always recalculate shipping method options.
- Fixed Magento 2.2.6 compatibility issue breaking subscription product creation.
- Fixed 'no such address' errors on rebilling when customer address was deleted.
- Fixed child-product subscriptions not generating properly on purchase.
- Fixed double translation of subscription intervals in custom option labels.
- Fixed EE content staging issues with product ID handling.
- Fixed error on subscription save if existing payment card was deleted.
- Fixed inability to save admin subscription form if no shipping rates are collected.
- Fixed international date handling on admin subscription edit.
- Fixed possible 'ERROR: ' failures on rebilling for legacy subscriptions after upgrade.
- Fixed possible emulation nesting error.
- Fixed shipping rate handling with weight-based table rates on shipping address change.
- Fixed subscriptions not generating on multishipping checkout.
- Improved exception logging on rebilling error.
- Fixed bundled product/single-option subscription issue on product save.
- Fixed compatibility issue with 2.2 preventing guest subscription ordering.
- Fixed incorrect OrderCommand argument.
- Fixed possible error on bundle product save.
- Fixed possible VirtualType compilation errors.
- Fixed product delete observer.
- Fixed required indicator when phone number is set to not required.
- Fixed scope handling with admin shipping rate collection.
- Fixed single-option subscriptions with 'force custom option' enabled.
- Added guest checkout support (auto-registers customer if a subscription is purchased).
- Added pre-bill email notifications.
- Added Magento multi-currency conversion support.
- Added support for $0 checkout.
- Added support for offline payment methods (PO, COD, Check/MO, Free, etc.).
- Added subscription intervals grid to the product form, for more advanced configuration of subscription options.
- Added setting to change shipping method on admin subscription view/edit.
- Added shipping method fallback on generation. If order shipping method is unavailable, will switch to cheapest method available.
- Added scheduling customization (control billing days of week, days of month, months, and blackout dates).
- Added 'paradoxlabs_subscription_collect_totals_before' event on rebilling, between quote initialization and totals collection.
- Added 'Subscription Installment Number' condition option for promotion rules.
- Added a Notes field to admin subscription view/edit.
- Added ability to lookup subscriptions by subscription ID, customer name, customer email, description, and order IDs, via the admin subscription grid keyword search.
- Added ability to customize subscription option labels, type, and required, per-product.
- Added increment_id for subscriptions (distinct ID number from entity_id, separate per store like orders, managed via sales sequence).
- Added internal config to override default subscription custom option type (drop_down).
- Added internal config to override shipping method for subscriptions.
- Added store and subtotal to admin subscription view/edit.
- Added subscription grid columns 'last notified' and 'times billed'; added filtering to columns ID, description, name, email, item count, item qty.
- Changed limited-length text from 'Every N days for N days' to 'Every N days for M installments'. The installments term is configurable in settings.
- Changed some subscription product attributes to be available to bundle (and other custom) product types. Bundles will throw error if multiple intervals entered.
- Fixed 'No such entity.' errors on product save with MDVA-4499 / 2.1.10+ / 2.2+.
- Fixed admin grids paging.
- Fixed card matching for Vault methods on admin subscription view.
- Fixed changes to customer name or email not reflecting on subscriptions.
- Fixed error handling when a subscription-linked product no longer exists.
- Fixed inactive/deleted cards not showing as the active payment account on subscription edit.
- Fixed issues with shipping address matching and saving (thanks Scott).
- Fixed logging issues in Magento 2.2.
- Fixed stock handling on subscription rebilling. Will now fail and pause subscription if product is out of stock, as expected.
- Fixed subscription 'payment failed' emails to cover some Vault payment method exceptions.
- Fixed subscription log -> order linking issue in certain circumstances.
- Fixed subscription price handling with configurable product subscriptions.
- Fixed subscription tab showing up on admin customer creation.
- Improved codebase with substantial refactoring of config, helpers, and service models.
- Rebuilt custom option handling to eliminate option churn and improve translatability and flexibility.
- Removed checkout login/register requirement.
- Added getIncrementId(), setIncrementId(), getLastNotified(), setLastNotified() to ParadoxLabs\Subscriptions\Api\Data\SubscriptionInterface.
- Changed param type of setMethodInstance() in ParadoxLabs\TokenBase\Api\Data\CardInterface.
- Moved subscription generation from event sales_order_place_after to sales_model_service_quote_submit_success.
- CONSTRUCTOR ARGUMENT CHANGES THROUGHOUT MODULE.
- Compatibility fixes for Magento 2.2.
- Improved API support, particularly for subscription create/update.
- Added 'bill' command to API.
- Added AdditionalInformation storage to Log models.
- Added ExtensionAttributes implementation to Subscription and Log models.
- Changed 'Always add custom option' setting default from 'Yes' to 'No'.
- Changed DI proxy argument handling for Magento 2.2 compatibility.
- Changed payment command classnames to fix PHP 7.1 compatibility.
- Fixed error on subscription view if payment card does not exist.
- Fixed possible address data mismatch after editing address book.
- Fixed possible PHP error from improper Address helper inheritance chain.
- Fixed possible static content deploy issues with template comments.
- Fixed REST API permissions handling.
- Fixed subscription price calculation handling of 'initial order adjustment'.
- Added bill(), billbyId() to ParadoxLabs\Subscriptions\Api\SubscriptionRepositoryInterface.
- Added ExtensionAttributesFactory and AttributeValueFactory constructor arguments to ParadoxLabs\Subscriptions\Model\Log.
- Added ExtensionAttributesFactory and AttributeValueFactory constructor arguments to ParadoxLabs\Subscriptions\Model\Subscription.
- Added getId(), setId(), getSubscriptionId(), setSubscriptionId(), getOrderId(), setOrderId(), setCreatedAt(), getAdditionalInformation(), setAdditionalInformation(), getExtensionAttributes(), setExtensionAttributes() to ParadoxLabs\Subscriptions\Api\Data\LogInterface.
- Added ProductMetadata constructor argument to ParadoxLabs\Subscriptions\Model\Service\Subscription.
- Added Service\Subscription constructor argument to ParadoxLabs\Subscriptions\Model\SubscriptionRepository.
- Added setId(), setCreatedat(), setUpdatedAt(), setLastRun(), setRunCount(), getExtensionAttributes(), setExtensionAttributes() to ParadoxLabs\Subscriptions\Api\Data\SubscriptionInterface.
- Changed argument type of ParadoxLabs\TokenBase\Api\Data\CardInterface::setExtensionAttributes().
- Changed paradoxlabs_stored_card 'address' and 'additional' fields from serialized to JSON.
- Changed Proxy constructor arguments throughout modules to inject Proxy via DI configuration.
- Removed Unserialize constructor argument from ParadoxLabs\TokenBase\Model\Card\Context.
- Set quote_payment.additional_information.is_subscription_generated=1 on initial subscription generation in addition to rebilling.
Added 'Bill Now' button to admin subscription view.
Added validation to Intervals product attribute.
Fixed 'no such entity' error on rebilling when customer has no default address.
Fixed button sorting on admin subscription view.
Fixed initialization of subscription AdditionalInfo.
Fixed Magento_Vault compatibility for Magento 2.1.3+.
Fixed shipping not being charged on rebilling (not factoring into grand total).
Fixed unnecessary layout definition on customer account.
Fixed version setting to not reference the database, to allow DB-less compilation.
Added ability to restrict cart promotional rules by the customer's chosen subscription interval.
Fixed totals not being calculated before fetching shipping rates when rebilling (affecting totals-based rates).
Fixed error on subscription edit if customer has no saved addresses.
Fixed multi-website configuration issues on subscription generation.
Fixed multi-website configuration issues on payment method availability check in admin.
Fixed potential pruning of inactive cards associated with active subscriptions.
Fixed admin menu ACL issue.
- Added a setting to skip the custom option for subscription products that have only one option available.
- Improved code for Marketplace Level 2 validation.
- Fixed a composer dependency for Magento 2.1. | 2019-04-24T22:58:49Z | https://marketplace.magento.com/paradoxlabs-subscriptions.html |
Why focus on childhood obesity prevention through integrated public health policies?
Which theories can explain integrated policy development, and what are their limitations?
Which theories provided the basis of our current framework?
Who are the target group of the framework?
Which organizational behaviors encourage integrated health policies to be developed?
What determinants need to be present to achieve a particular organizational behavior?
How are the determinants conceptualized?
Which interventions can influence the COM-B?
Which policies can enable the interventions?
How can the behavior change ball be applied?
Childhood obesity is a ‘wicked’ public health problem that is best tackled by an integrated approach, which is enabled by integrated public health policies. The development and implementation of such policies have in practice proven to be difficult, however, and studying why this is the case requires a tool that may assist local policy-makers and those assisting them. A comprehensive framework that can help to identify options for improvement and to systematically develop solutions may be used to support local policy-makers.
We propose the ‘Behavior Change Ball’ as a tool to study the development and implementation of integrated public health policies within local government. Based on the tenets of the ‘Behavior Change Wheel’ by Michie and colleagues (2011), the proposed conceptual framework distinguishes organizational behaviors of local policy-makers at the strategic, tactical and operational levels, as well as the determinants (motivation, capability, opportunity) required for these behaviors, and interventions and policy categories that can influence them. To illustrate the difficulty of achieving sustained integrated approaches, we use the metaphor of a ball in our framework: the mountainous landscapes surrounding the ball reflect the system’s resistance to change (by making it difficult for the ball to roll). We apply this framework to the problem of childhood obesity prevention. The added value provided by the framework lies in its comprehensiveness, theoretical basis, diagnostic and heuristic nature and face validity.
Since integrated public health policies have not been widely developed and implemented in practice, organizational behaviors relevant to the development of these policies remain to be investigated. A conceptual framework that can assist in systematically studying the policy process may facilitate this. Our Behavior Change Ball adds significant value to existing public health policy frameworks by incorporating multiple theoretical perspectives, specifying a set of organizational behaviors and linking the analysis of these behaviors to interventions and policies. We would encourage examination by others of our framework as a tool to explain and guide the development of integrated policies for the prevention of wicked public health problems.
This article addresses key questions that arise within the context of integrated public health policies (e.g., ‘Healthy Public Policy’ or ‘Health in All Policies’ [2–4]) and introduces a conceptual framework to study and guide their development. In most countries, such policies are developed by local policy-makers who work within local governments (i.e., municipal authorities) [3–12], so we focus on policy development at local government level. We focus on policies that aim to prevent ‘wicked’ public health problems [13, 14] (e.g., childhood obesity ), since such problems defy traditional intra-sectoral problem-solving approaches and therefore require innovative integrated approaches in which health and non-health sectors collaborate (i.e., intersectoral collaboration) [16–19].
Despite differences between countries or between the states of federal countries in the involvement of national or provincial governments, the roles, functions, and types of governance structures , and in policy approaches to public health problems (e.g., smoking or gun control), the core of policy development for wicked public health issues remains similar in most countries [21–26]. In the Netherlands, for example, the national government sets priorities every four years that are then operationalized (i.e., developed into a health policy document) by local policy-makers [9–12], while in the United States, most policy priorities are set by state (rather than national) government and then operationalized by local policy-makers [25, 26]. The core of public health policy-making with respect to wicked problems remains the need to implement an integrated approach aimed at collaboration between different (health and non-health) sectors. Assisting local policy-makers, public health professionals and researchers in developing and implementing integrated public health policies requires a conceptual framework to study and guide this development and implementation effort [17, 18], so our goal was to develop such a framework.
Our framework was mainly inspired by the ‘Behavior Change Wheel’ (BCW) (Figure 1) that was recently presented by Michie and colleagues . Since the BCW was developed from an extensive review of existing frameworks and has been tested in other theoretical domains (primary implementation) [27, 28], it provided a sound basis for the development of our own framework. We extended the BCW so it could be used as: a practical tool to assist local policy-makers and those who support them in overcoming barriers to developing and implementing integrated public health policies to prevent wicked public health problems; and as a theoretical tool to drive empirical research and stimulate theory development in the field of local integrated public health policies to prevent wicked public health problems.
The development of our framework was guided by the research question: ‘How are integrated public health policies for the prevention of wicked public health problems developed?’ Data were collected among policy actors and categorized into ten organizational behaviors expected to be at the core of policy development.
The aims of this paper are: to reflect on the complexity of making integrated public health policy for wicked public health problems; to reflect on the context in which integrated public health policies for wicked public health problems are developed; and to introduce a framework for the development and implementation of integrated public health policies. To illustrate the Behavior Change Ball (BCB), we use the development of public health policies for childhood obesity prevention at the local government level as an example throughout this article.
Prevalence rates of childhood obesity have doubled over the last three decades, and approximately 170 million children (< 18 years) worldwide are now estimated to be overweight or obese [29–32]. Childhood and adolescent obesity is associated with poorer subjective as well as objective health [33–40] and often tracks into adulthood . Consequently, it causes huge rises in healthcare costs, affecting economic growth [42, 43]. In view of these consequences, governments are increasingly focusing their attention on preventing childhood obesity e.g., [44, 45]. However, though much research is available on the determinants of childhood obesity, it has not yet been clearly established how this information can be used to develop effective prevention approaches . The complex interactions between so-called ‘thrifty genes’ , consumerist life-styles and ‘obesogenic’ urban environments , make it difficult to decide on the right avenue for prevention .
Experts argue that significant health improvements can be achieved by focusing on factors at all levels of society within and outside the health sector [1–4, 49–57]; they therefore recommend that governments implement so-called ‘integrated approaches’ (including integrated policies) that are characterized by a combination of coordinated interventions by multiple organizations and sectors, and are developed through intersectoral collaboration, (i.e., ‘collaboration between the most relevant sectors within and outside the health domain to improve public health’ ). Examples of policies developed through intersectoral collaboration are preventing the establishment of fast food restaurants near schools and increasing the safety of playgrounds in deprived neighborhoods. Such policies can only be implemented if zoning policies (policies that regulate the size, type, structure and use of land or buildings in designated areas) developed by the department of spatial planning are aligned with the goals of the public health department (see for 93 examples of such policies). Since such integrated policies have the potential to decrease the availability of energy-dense cheap foods and increase children’s physical activity levels , their development is of great interest to those who seek to prevent wicked public health problems such as childhood obesity [32, 60, 61]. In practice, however, a wide range of content- and process-related factors (Table 1) [62–90] appear to hamper the development and implementation of integrated public health policies for such wicked public health problems [91–94].
Lack of awareness of the childhood obesity problem in non-health sectors.
The Dutch Law on Public Health has decentralized the public health tasks to local governments. With regard to jurisdiction, the public health policy domain has a position similar to other jurisdictions such as public safety. In practice, however, public health is not a dominant policy domain: resources for public health are limited, and other jurisdictions (e.g., public safety) are considered important issues, while health promotion is considered less interesting, depending on the political priority given to certain policy domains.
‘Wicked’ nature of obesity makes it very unattractive to invest in its prevention.
Decreasing the incidence of childhood obesity is very unlikely within the short timeframe in which most politicians work (determined by election frequencies).
Difficulty of developing consensus about ways to tackle the problem due to the lack of hard scientific evidence about effective solutions.
Framing of childhood obesity (especially by neo-liberal governments) as an individual health problem instead of a societal problem. Responsibility for achieving healthy-weight promoting lifestyles is thus shifted completely away from governments to individual children and their parents.
Ambiguous political climate: governments do not seem eager to implement restrictive or legislative policy measures since this would mean they have to confront powerful lobbies by private companies.
Local government officials lacking the knowledge and skills to collaborate with actors outside their own department.
Lack of clarity about the notion of intersectoral collaboration.
Not being clear about the aims and added value of the intersectoral approach.
Top-down bureaucracy and hierarchy, disciplinarity and territoriality, sectoral budgets, and different priorities and procedures in each sector.
Poor quality of interpersonal or interorganizational relationships.
Top management not supporting intersectoral collaboration.
Lack of involvement by managers in collaborative efforts.
Lack of common vision and leadership.
- disincentives lead to adverse selection: innovative people choose careers outside the public sector.
Adaptive management – flexibility of management required, focusing on learning by doing.
Lack of communication and insufficient joint planning.
Achieving the unique advantage of collaboration, which is referred to as ‘synergy,’ is harder in diverse groups, but at the same time such diverse groups have the potential to lead to greater synergy compared to collaboration within homogeneous groups.
A wide range of theories can be used to explain the development of integrated public health policies [17, 18]. Some theories describe a continuum of integration e.g., [95–98], while others focus on intersectoral, cross-sectoral or multisectoral collaborations, coalitions and partnerships e.g., [99–103]. In addition, there are theories with a broader focus, which can also be applied to understanding intersectoral collaboration, such as individual behavior change theories e.g., , diffusion and implementation theories [105, 106], and organizational change theories e.g., . Other theories describe processes of policy-making: coalition theories [108, 109] focus on the role of policy subsystems, while technocratic [110, 111], garbage-can [112, 113], and incremental models describe how policies are developed.
Each of the above theories offers unique and useful insights, but they have three important limitations, making it difficult to apply them satisfactorily to the local government setting. First of all, most of these theories apply only to specific aspects of collaboration, and together do not provide a comprehensive approach. Kingdon’s stream theory , for example, is very useful for the conceptualization of agenda setting, which is an important part of the policy-making process, but it is not able to account for other parts of the policy process (e.g., implementing policy solutions). Although such theories are very useful for fundamental research (in which the creation of immediately useful knowledge is not the primary purpose) [115–117], action-oriented researchers and especially the policy-makers themselves need ‘actionable knowledge’ , i.e., knowledge that can guide the way to solutions after barriers or facilitators within the process have been identified.
A second limitation is that most of the theories are based on research within organizational settings rather than within governmental settings. Although we recognize that local governments are also organizations, the conditions in non-governmental organizations are very different from those in local governments, so research results derived from non-governmental settings cannot be directly transferred to that of local government [119, 120]. For example, local policy-makers have to work within a context: of policies that are delegated to them by national governments; of a democratic political system leading to changes in government policies after every new parliamentary election, making it difficult to work towards long-term goals; in which mistakes made by the authorities are highlighted in the media since citizens are critical about the way governments spend their tax money, so tolerance of errors is low; with a far more hierarchical organizational structure than that of a typical non-governmental organization; and in which policy implementation is often not under their own control or in their own interest, while in non-governmental organizations, policies are usually implemented by the same organization that has developed them [76, 119].
A third limitation of theories to explain the development of integrated public health policies is that most policy-making models are developed for simple or fairly uncomplicated public health problems (i.e., tame problems) [19, 110, 121]; such policy models fail to take into account the factors that make policy development for complex public health problems (i.e., wicked problems) difficult (Table 1) [19, 110]. Current policy models usually distinguish among several policy-making stages, such as problem definition, selecting policy solutions, gaining political and public support for the policy solution, policy implementation, evaluation of the policy, and dissemination of effective policies [12, 110]. These stages represent the practice of policy formulation when clear policy goals can be established, adequate information is available, and appropriate methods can be chosen that can lead to activities that efficiently and effectively achieve these goals. However, these preconditions are violated when policies for the prevention of wicked public health problems are developed. Since neither the problem nor the solution is perceived in the same way by the many different parties involved , current policy-making models cannot be satisfactorily used to explain the development of policies for such problems within local governments.
To overcome these limitations, we developed a more comprehensive conceptual framework. Although some researchers have argued that it is unlikely that a single comprehensive framework can be developed , progress in this field can only be made if researchers are willing to invest effort in developing such a framework.
We used two conceptual models as the basis of our framework. Following Jansen , we distinguished categories of local policy-makers (e.g., strategic, tactical and operational levels), and we also adopted the core concepts of the BCW (capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior, or ‘COM-B’; intervention functions, policy categories, and the relationships between them). In addition, we integrated theories from political and policy science, organizational science, marketing, psychology, and health science [95–114] to achieve a cross-fertilization that might lead to new insights.
Our main inspiration was the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) by Michie et al. (Figure 1). This framework was developed from an extensive review of existing frameworks, and has been tested in other theoretical domains (primary implementation) . The function of the BCW is to link an analysis of target behavior (the ‘B’ from the COM-B model of behavior) to intervention functions and policies. When we tried to apply it to our target population, i.e., local policy-makers, however, we encountered a limitation of the BCW with regard to our context. In our context, local policy-makers, public health professionals and researchers would first need to define which organizational behaviors need to be introduced, reinforced or replaced for the development and implementation of integrated public health policies. We considered that pre-defining a set of organizational behaviors based on theories might support the users of the framework. The current framework thus builds on the principles of the BCW, but modifies the ‘behavioral goals’ by specifying relevant organizational behaviors and linking them to policy-makers at the strategic, tactical and operational levels.
We wanted to provide a theoretical framework that could function: as a practical tool to assist local policy-makers and those supporting them in overcoming barriers to developing and implementing integrated public health policies to prevent wicked public health problems; and as a theoretical tool to drive empirical research and stimulate theory development in the field of local integrated public health policies to prevent wicked public health problems. We therefore decided to extend the BCW in three ways, which are outlined below.
In contrast to Michie et al., who applied the BCW to the behaviors of the traditional target population of health-promoting interventions (i.e., intermediaries and the ultimate target group of people who are assisted in a health behavior change process), we had a target population consisting of the ‘enablers’ of health promotion interventions, namely local policy-makers. Furthermore, since our target population is tied to the organization in which they work (the local government) we decided to refer to their behavior as ‘organizational behavior’ rather than just ‘behavior’ . These organizational behaviors may consist of collective and individual behaviors and can also be seen as critical factors or processes for the development and implementation of integrated public health policies.
By adding organizational behaviors that are indicative of an integrated approach, the ‘hub of the wheel’ becomes not only a heuristic tool (linking an analysis of behavior to theory-based interventions and policies) but also a diagnostic tool within the context of local government. Thus, the original goal of the BCW (heuristic) has been extended by a second function: providing a structure to categorize the most important aspects of an integrated approach (i.e., functioning as a diagnostic tool), as depicted in the yellow parts of the model (Figure 2). To include such a diagnostic function, it was necessary to pre-define a set of organizational behaviors that will enable an assessment of the current situation in local government organizations with regard to the development and implementation of integrated public health policies.
The behavior change ball, adapted from Michie et al. ’s behavior change wheel. The yellow parts of the framework depict the diagnostic function of the framework: an assessment of the policy context in which integrated public health policies should be developed and implemented. The blue parts depict the heuristic function of the framework: based on the diagnosis, the framework guides the way to solutions (interventions and policies). Compared to the Behavior Change Wheel, the Behavior Change Ball also specifies organizational behaviors and relates them to the most relevant actors, categorized into three hierarchical levels that can be found in local governments; these are displayed as ‘wedges’ (agenda setting, leadership, policy formulation, adaptive management, network formation, innovation, teamwork, policy formulation, and implementation) and levels (operational, tactical, strategic). In the Behavior Change Wheel, the ‘wedges’ are not specified, but are displayed as a black dot at the center, which reflects a single specific behavioral goal . Our specification of the behavioral goals into ten wedges adds a second function to the Behavior Change Wheel, making our framework more comprehensive, which is what we needed to explain and guide the development and implementation of integrated public health policies.
Since each of the concepts in our framework can strengthen the initiation, implementation and continuation of effective policies, the dynamics of the political and obesity-related environmental context prompted us to use the metaphor of a ball that is rolling around in a mountainous landscape (Figures 3 and 4). This metaphor could explain why current implementation attempts have often failed. The steep hills surrounding the ball reflect the systems’ resistance to change; the forces of gravity make it difficult to roll a ball towards a mountain peak. Therefore, we decided to ‘reinvent the wheel’ (which is two-dimensional) and develop it into a ball (three-dimensional). The metaphor of a ball moving through a landscape has also been applied successfully in other research areas to reflect the dynamics that are at work in complex systems [123, 124]. In the following sections, we present our proposed framework, the ‘Behavior Change Ball,’ with which we aim to enhance empirical research grounded in theory.
All circles can rotate independently. The Behavior Change Ball consists of circles that reflect organizational behaviors, actors within three hierarchical levels, determinants of organizational behaviors, interventions, and policies or programs. Policies or programs enable interventions, and determinants are necessary for each of the organizational behaviors that are related to actors at the operational, tactical, or strategic level.
The landscape and the behavior change ball. The proposed relationships between the theoretical concepts from the Behavior Change Ball are best illustrated by the metaphor of a ball moving through a landscape.
Before outlining the components of the ‘Behavior Change Ball’ (BCB) (COM-B, intervention functions, and policy categories) and its application, we describe its development and target group.
To identify the ten organizational behaviors (displayed in the wedges) that need to be carried out by certain levels of local policy-makers, we interviewed local policy-makers at strategic, tactical, and operational levels within several Dutch local governments, attended meetings of the public health service in one Dutch region, developed theoretical reflections [95–114] and held discussions with experts in the field of integrated public health policy development, politics, and intersectoral collaboration. We related the organizational behaviors to the organizational levels at which the behavior needed to be carried out. For example, we found that agenda setting is controlled by local policy-makers at the strategic level (e.g., the municipal executive), while local policy-makers at the tactical level (e.g., heads of departments) are responsible for adaptive management. By categorizing these organizational behaviors, we aimed to integrate them into one comprehensive framework. After having designed an early version of this framework, we discussed it with experts and key informants. Based on their recommendations, we adapted the framework where necessary. To increase the generalizability of our framework, to improve the construct definition of its concepts, and to raise the data to a theoretical level, we constantly compared our data with relevant literature and similar or alternative frameworks. The outcome of this inductive and iterative research process was our conceptual framework (Figures 2, 3, 4) .
The target group of our framework consists of the local policy-makers who are involved in developing integrated public health policies. Local policy-makers work within a complex environment in which members of the municipal executive and local politicians (strategic level) direct local government managers (tactical level) and professionals (operational level) towards the development and implementation of certain policies. They can be divided into three levels reflecting the kind of decisions they make [64, 83]. Simply stated, policy-makers at the strategic level (the municipal executive, known in the Netherlands as the College of Mayor and Aldermen) decide ‘what will be done within the organization,’ while tactical level policy-makers (heads of departments) decide ‘how (and sometimes also when) it will be done’ (e.g., which preconditions have to be fulfilled), and operational level policy-makers (civil servants) decide ‘who will do what and when’ (e.g., how to achieve a goal). These levels are related to the traditional levels of top management, middle management, and operational management , or Mintzberg’s strategic apex, middle line, and operational core . To develop integrated public health policies, these three levels should collaborate vertically (between levels) as well as horizontally (between the sectors within one level) [64, 83].
Despite attempts to involve the ultimate (e.g., children and their parents) and intermediate (e.g., commercial organizations within the community) target populations of health-promoting interventions in the process of developing policies, they are at a greater distance from the policy-making process than the local policy-makers themselves . Therefore, we do not regard them as our key target group, but as external influences; they include, for example, international ambassadors for childhood obesity prevention (like Michelle Obama), experts advising the local policy-makers, and other levels of government (national, state, provincial, international).
Ten wedges, displayed at the hub of the ball, represent a categorization of ten organizational behaviors (e.g., agenda setting) that are relevant to the development of integrated public health policies. We decided to categorize the organizational behaviors to a specific level of local policy-makers. For example, agenda setting is formally the responsibility of the municipal executive and therefore categorized under the strategic level in our proposed framework. Although we acknowledge that others can influence agenda setting (e.g., by reminding the executive to think about childhood obesity prevention), they are not officially in charge of it, and are therefore considered external influences situated in other parts of our proposed framework (e.g., as determinants or interventions). Each of the organizational behaviors is discussed in more detail below.
A new policy can only be developed if a problem attracts enough attention to appear on the political agenda . Agenda setting is defined as: ‘the first stage of the public policy process during which some issues are given attention by policymakers and others receive minimal attention or are neglected completely’ . In the case of childhood obesity prevention by means of integrated approaches, many agendas need to be set. Compared to mono-sectoral approaches, a much wider and more diverse group has to develop a shared vision, agree upon a strategy, and decide to invest resources [52, 129]. Only then do lower level, local policy-makers (the tactical and operational levels) feel facilitated to elaborate on this shared vision . A policy entrepreneur can stimulate agenda setting [112, 131]. For example, a local alderman might visit a neighboring municipality and inspire them to give priority to childhood obesity prevention.
Leadership can be defined as: ‘a process of social influence’ . Such influence is especially important for the prevention of public health problems, since the benefits of prevention only become visible in the long run [32, 52]. Prevention is therefore not of great interest to most politicians, who tend to work with shorter time frames [62, 65, 66, 69, 93]. To overcome this lack of interest, leaders in the effort to improve public health should be politically aware and skilled in formulating a clear, integrated vision of the public health problem: when defining the problem of childhood obesity, leaders need to emphasize the wicked nature of obesity and guide the search for systemic solutions [69, 132, 133]. For example, an alderman can emphasize that we all have created an ‘obesogenic environment’ and that overweight children and their parents are not solely to blame.
Formulating policies is the raison d’être of governments; it is the process of translating agenda topics into a set of policy measures . Policies can be formulated at the various governmental levels, each with its own goals . This section focuses on policies at the strategic level. Strategic level policies set out the vision and strategy for a problem, guide the debate and set out the tasks for local policy-makers at the lower levels of the municipal hierarchy (the tactical and operational levels). They are symbolic and aim to motivate people or create momentum, and can give agenda topics a permanent character by securing resources [112, 135]. For example, the program proposed by the municipal executive might include a section securing the resources that will be invested in implementing the integrated approach towards overweight prevention.
The management of wicked public health problems requires an adaptive approach, which is characterized by an emphasis on learning from available evidence and utilizing this evidence in experiments [81, 136, 137]. This is especially important when addressing problems such as obesity, since most ‘solutions’ for childhood obesity prevention are not yet firmly rooted in scientific evidence. Adaptive management is an instrument that is used to change and learn about the system . This implies that heads of departments, who are the day-to-day managers of the officials working in local government, should adopt an open and learning attitude and involve people such as researchers to evaluate their policies. Such an attitude stimulates the creativity of local policy-makers at the operational level, which is needed for the development of innovative policies [107, 130]. For example, when managers are skeptical toward new working methods, such as intersectoral collaboration, new experiences will not be created, and officials will not learn new collaboration skills.
Leadership at the tactical level is important since the integrated approach to childhood obesity prevention requires that policies are developed in a new way, viz. through intersectoral rather than intra-sectoral collaboration. Officials from different policy sectors (e.g., spatial planning and public health) should have the opportunity to jointly lead the process of development and change . Leadership by the heads of the departments is expected to be very important to facilitate this change process; they should support their subordinates in producing innovations . For example, a manager might create new performance indicators that also incentivize officials who have successfully implemented initiatives for the integrated approach; this can create a culture in which others might also want to collaborate.
A network is defined as: ‘a group of interdependent but autonomous actors that come together to produce a collective output (tangible or intangible) that no one actor could produce on its own’ . Networks that also involve non-health sectors should be formed to implement the integrated approach [2–4]. To attract these non-health stakeholders, actors from the health sectors should move out of their ‘comfort zone’ and ‘niche’ [83, 133]. For example, spatial planning officials should be involved in the implementation of certain policies that require changes to physical environments. Additionally, such networks can boost agenda setting by mobilizing actors and increasing the collective capacity to confront opponents [1, 112].
Innovation is currently very important within the policy context, since the traditional ways of solving childhood obesity problems have failed . Innovators are the gatekeepers for the introduction of new ideas into the network. They are defined as: ‘the first individuals to adopt an innovation’ . Innovation is becoming increasingly important in the policy process since national governments are encouraging local governments to implement integrated policies through public-private partnerships. In attempts to achieve such changes, an innovator may be the key to the exchange of new ideas between public and private organizations and may bridge the gaps between them. For example, officials might be motivated to use their contacts with the local supermarket to implement some of their policy ideas, but might need to overcome resistance from others within the organization who are afraid that the risk of failure of such collaboration is too high.
Based on the initiatives developed by the network, the core of the network should take further initiatives through ‘teamwork’: ‘a set of interrelated thoughts, actions, and feelings of each team member that are needed to function as a team and that combine to facilitate coordinated, adaptive performance and task objectives resulting in value-added outcomes’ . Currently, actors in the public health services are not yet fully accustomed to working in teams that include local policy-makers from different policy sectors, and thus are confronted by a totally new way of working. To be able to capitalize on their knowledge and skills , they need other ‘new’ competencies and tools [64, 142–144], for example, spanning boundaries between problems and solutions, and bringing diverse partners together.
Teamwork by local policy-makers and other relevant stakeholders results in decisions being made on the way strategic policies are translated into operational policies (i.e., ‘work’ or ‘action’ plans). They are action-oriented instead of symbolic. In contrast to strategic policies, operational policies translate the policy goals into concrete actions ready for implementation. Operational planning documents should describe the policy goals, instruments, and actions in a specific, measurable, acceptable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART) format , for example by describing when a law will be implemented that bans vending machines from primary schools.
Policies can only impact childhood obesity rates when they are implemented properly, so it is very important that implementation is considered a part of the planning and policy process . Although this seems like stating the obvious, governments are usually judged on their policy documents rather than on the implementation of their policies [76, 145]. Lack of implementation is therefore a commonly cited problem in the governmental context [76, 119]. Usually, a package of policy measures is developed by policy-makers, but in the subsequent implementation stage, most of the measures need to be implemented by other actors than the local policy-makers themselves . It is therefore important to involve outside stakeholders in policy development at an early stage [74, 105, 106, 145] and to regularly evaluate implementation efforts to tackle current implementation obstacles and anticipate potential barriers for continuation [105, 106, 145].
The second circle of the model displays three categories of interrelated determinants of behavior: capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM) (Figures 1–3). These determinants are needed for each of the ten organizational behaviors to occur. Other research fields such as marketing e.g., , health sciences e.g., , policy science e.g., , and implementation science e.g., also use this categorization. Capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior (‘COM-B’) are united in a ‘behavioral system’; if determinants are insufficiently present, COM-B may not function appropriately, and the behavior may not be established.
‘Capability’ is the extent to which individuals can adapt to change, generate new knowledge, and continue to improve their performance : ‘capability is what people are able to do and to be’ . ‘Psychological capability’ refers to the ability to engage in the necessary thought processes, such as comprehension and reasoning , and is closely related to competence, which refers to what individuals know or are able to do . Important aspects in the context of intersectoral collaboration are assumed to be boundary-spanning, collaboration, and leadership skills [69, 150]. There is also a ‘physical capability,’ but this is not directly relevant to this paper .
‘Opportunity’ refers to conditions that are external to the individual actor , that is, all social, political and organizational resources within a specified system that interact with the local policy-makers [105, 106]. Two forms of opportunity are distinguished: physical and social. Physical opportunity is afforded by the environment (e.g., organizational structures). Social opportunity refers to the milieu that dictates the way that we think about things, the words and concepts we use, and the predominant discourse (e.g., organizational culture) .
‘Motivation’ can be divided into reflective and automatic processes. Reflective motivation involves reflective decision-making processes involving analytical choices or intentions (e.g., evaluation and plans) . An example is deciding to collaborate with other sectors since one has positive beliefs about intersectoral collaboration. Automatic motivation involves processes in which emotions and impulses that arise from associative learning or innate dispositions lead to certain choices . Examples of automatic motivation are resistance to change or work engagement [142, 151–153].
If the COM-B is suboptimal, interventions might be needed to increase the likelihood that certain organizational behaviors are effectively accounted for [27, 154]. They are outlined below.
‘Education’ involves increasing knowledge and understanding . Since policy sectors are not always aware of the way their policies influence health , education might increase awareness among all policy sectors and stimulate intersectoral collaboration. An example of a tool to create such awareness is Health Impact Assessment [154, 155].
‘Persuasion’ means that communication is used to elicit or enhance positive or negative feelings or to stimulate action . A national politician could, for example, persuade local, economically oriented politicians that obesity prevention is worth investing in because of the economic consequences of obesity in terms of work absenteeism in the future .
‘Incentivization’ means that expectations of rewards are created . Incentivization is based on marketing and learning theory principles of direct reinforcement [146, 156]. Reward systems that are built into the organizational structure, such as bonuses, are an example of incentivization since they can stimulate individuals by offering financial rewards .
‘Coercion’ means the use of punishment or costs , for example to force municipalities to subject their policies to a Health Impact Assessment [154, 155].
‘Training’ can be used to overcome skills-related problems . For example, attracting the right stakeholders for the development of integrated policies requires negotiation skills that might be trained .
‘Restriction’ refers to rules defining which behaviors are allowed or not allowed . Institutions incorporate not only formal rules but also informal rules that shape the behavior of those working in them and thus may hamper intersectoral collaboration . For example, performance management can restrict collaboration, especially when tight budgets result in a tendency to return to ‘core business’ .
‘Environmental restructuring’ is intended to change the social or physical context . Changes in the social context refer to changes in culture (e.g., pressure from the media), while changes in the physical context refer to changes in the structure (e.g., institutional arrangements) [154, 157, 158]. A good example is the work of celebrity chef Jamie Oliver: media attention has enabled him to put the poor quality of school lunches on the political agenda.
‘Modeling’ provides an example that people can and like to copy . It is based on social learning theories . Managers may act as a model for the type of collaboration they want to encourage across policy sectors [64, 79, 154], and well-known mayors like Michael Bloomberg may act as models to invest in local obesity prevention through policies .
‘Enablement’ means creating new ways to deal with or remove barriers . At the strategic level, for example, a barrier to intersectoral collaboration, viz. ‘not having a shared goal,’ might be removed by an official having two policy sectors, such as spatial planning and public health, in their portfolio .
Nine policies are displayed in the outermost circle. They enable particular interventions and are outlined below .
‘Communication and marketing’ involves using print, electronic media, telephone or broadcast media . For example, in order to achieve broad political commitment for the prevention of childhood obesity, a local alderman might be appointed as ambassador.
‘Guidelines’ involve documents that recommend or mandate practice . An example might be using a contract to formalize network activities to make sure that commitments for investing in childhood obesity prevention are followed up.
‘Fiscal measures’ involve the use of the tax system to reduce or increase the financial cost of certain activities that might affect childhood obesity, for example by subsidizing municipalities that develop and implement integrated public health policies. Such financial support can stimulate local governments to invest in intersectoral collaboration, since innovating current working practices often requires additional investment of resources [105, 106].
‘Regulation’ involves establishing rules or principles of behavior or practice . Pooling resources, for example, can be seen as a working principle that fosters intersectoral collaboration; when targets are set for the governmental system as a whole, officials from the economic or spatial planning departments can share resources with health sectors and therefore become direct stakeholders of public health.
‘Legislation’ involves making or changing laws . Laws aim to change behavior in a non-voluntary manner . An example is the Dutch law on public health; the Dutch national government obliges local governments to produce a health policy document every four years , and the Health Care Inspectorate checks whether the laws are adhered to .
‘Environmental or social planning’ involves designing and/or controlling the physical or social environment . An example is giving attention to the design of the organizational structure so it does not obstruct intersectoral collaboration.
‘Service provision’ involves delivering services . Examples include offering specific training courses for civil servants who want to use social marketing to prevent obesity, or training courses on how to select evidence-based interventions.
The framework can be applied within local governments by local policy-makers or those who assist them (e.g., action-oriented researchers) to develop and implement integrated public health policy for the prevention of wicked public health problems. It can be applied for practical or theoretical purposes.
For practical purposes, the following four steps should be taken. First, identify the local policy-makers’ organizational behaviors that are described in the wedges of the ball (i.e., not assessing the COM-B from scratch as in the BCW); this assessment should identify which organizational behaviors need to be introduced, reinforced, or replaced. For example, it may become clear that childhood obesity prevention is not on the agenda of the aldermen who is responsible for it (agenda setting). Second, based on the identification of the organizational behaviors that need attention, an analysis of the COM-B needs to indicate what might be an important avenue for improvement. For example, to set the agenda, the aldermen might first need to be informed about the severity of childhood obesity (agenda setting through increasing motivation). Michie et al. describe how to select appropriate interventions (third) and policies or programs (fourth) to change the COM-B. For example, communication (policy) enables modeling (intervention) and influences automatic motivation, which may lead to agenda setting (organizational behavior) at the strategic level (our target population).
For theoretical purposes and to enable further study, the BCB can be used to structure or map data. For example, the BCB’s constructs can be used as topic lists or coding systems, or to map data from observations, interviews, or policy documents. Applying the BCB may reveal the value of certain theories in explaining the development and implementation of integrated public health policies and thus provide directions for further research.
A limitation of this study is that the linkages it identifies between the organizational behaviors are based on one research study. Although we grounded the linkages in existing theoretical assumptions and literature, we acknowledge that they should be further tested. We therefore hope to inspire other researchers to conduct more theory-based empirical research to validate and refine the BCB. Another limitation of this study could be that this framework was developed in the Netherlands, and may thus not be valid for countries where local governments bear less responsibility for developing public health policies. Also, our categorization of local government actors might appear less appropriate in some countries, although similar categories frequently appear in other theoretical reflections [64, 83, 126, 127]. To increase the value of the framework, we have linked our categorization of policy-makers (strategic, tactical and operational) to internationally familiar management concepts [126, 127].
By introducing the BCB in the field, we aim to stimulate local policy-makers and those who support them (e.g., researchers) to think about the organizational behaviors that are relevant to developing and implementing integrated public health policies. We want to strengthen the evidence base regarding the reality of policy formulation and implementation, and therefore recommend that researchers apply the BCB in case study designs or narrative inquiries. Such research designs are seen as most appropriate due to their potential to illuminate the dynamic policy process [125, 161]. It is our hope that use of the BCB will lead to its further development as a practical and theoretical tool to explore the barriers and facilitators for developing integrated public health policies.
This paper has tried to answer some key questions within the context of integrated local public health policies and has introduced a comprehensive framework that can map the various aspects relevant to the development and implementation of such policies. The framework was developed by translating and extending the key assumptions of the ‘Behavior Change Wheel’ (BCW) within a framework called the ‘Behavior Change Ball’ (BCB). Since the BCW and BCB are designed to be applied in different contexts and for different purposes, we propose that both frameworks should co-exist. Throughout our article, we used childhood obesity prevention as an example, since this is a typical wicked problem that requires integrated preventive public health policies. We encourage researchers who are trying to support local policy-makers to apply the framework and report their experiences.
This study was funded by ZonMw, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (project no. 200100001) and is part of the CIAO (Consortium Integrated Approach Overweight), a research consortium of five Academic Collaborative Centers.
AMH carried out the interviews and literature search, and drafted the manuscript. MJ and SK conceived of the study and helped to draft the manuscript. JG, TP, and NdV helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. | 2019-04-19T11:27:37Z | https://implementationscience.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1748-5908-8-46 |
User-Centered Design Theory Is Interesting, but Is Anybody Actually Using It?
We covered the background and theories of user-centered design (UCD) in Jim Montague's article, "Simple, Strong and Easy to Use," Control, March 2010 (www.controlglobal.com/articles/2010/UserCenteredDesign1003.html).
Tables 1 and 2 summarize the elements and advantages of UCD, and Jim's article describes how it all works.
Dan Hebert, PE is Senior Technical Editor for CONTROL, Control Design, and Industrial Networking magazines. He began his career at Putman Media as a Field Editor in 1995 and joined the company on a full-time basis in 2000.
But does anyone actually use UCD in process control applications, and if so what are the challenges and benefits? Yes, several companies employ it to great advantage, and some have been doing it for years.
One reason that applications are widespread is because UCD isn't new. "User-centered design is just the latest fad term for human factors engineering (HFE), which has been going on for 70 years," says Dave Strobhar, chief human factors engineer at Beville Engineering (www.beville.com), an engineering firm in Dayton, Ohio. "Any human factors professional is doing UCD."
Bob Zapata, automation team lead, Refining Business Improvement at ConocoPhillips (www.conocophillips.com) in Houston, Texas, agrees. "We've been using UCD for about eight years now," he says. "Our human-centered designs are primarily centered on an improved HMI based on the Abnormal Situation Management (ASM, www.asmconsortium.net) consortium's guidelines and practices."
Zapata reports resistance along with the benefits. "We've used human factors consultants in the design and layout of our control rooms along with our project and control folks," he reports. "Unfortunately, some buildings are viewed as Taj Mahals, and some plant managers want to direct the design, which restricts some of our HFE designs. It hasn't been smooth, he laments. "One of the greatest challenges we experience is support for new concepts and ideas. Humans resist change, and some vocal and powerful operations supervisors can derail a project."
Ian Nimmo, president of User Centered Design Services (www.MyControlRoom.com) in Phoenix, Ariz., reports the same attitudes. "Traditions and ‘never done it that way before' are typical attitudes," he says.
One major point of disagreement in UCD whether the operators should be involved. Stephen Goldberg, director of the industrial systems division at Matrix Technologies (www.matrixti.com), says yes. Matrix is a systems integrator in Maumee, Ohio, that's provided "literally hundreds of systems that were based on UCD," according to Goldberg. He says he relies on operators.
"If you get to know the operators and really understand the pain points in the systems they operate, they are a wealth of information. "Simple items are often overlooked by engineers and designers because they don't have the same perspective as the person who lives with the system day to day."
Figure 1: The control room of the future? Theater-style control rooms can replace multiple outlying control rooms in a big facility, such as a refinery.
Claude Pezzopane, district system solution leader at Rockwell Automation (www.rockwellautomation.com), says UCD is the basis of most solutions Rockwell Automation provides for clients. "We recently completed a project with a paper goods manufacturer looking to migrate from a legacy DCS to the PlantPAx Process Automation System," he says. "Their existing system used obsolete universal workstations and process group display capabilities."
The Rockwell team began by interviewing several of the plant's operators to fully understand the application, the needs for the new system and any pain points of the existing system. "After this assessment, the manufacturer upgraded to PlantPAx with little to no downtime," Pezzopane reports.
Not everyone shares these views about operator involvement. "We used to allow the operators to build graphics, but that isn't our practice now," he notes. "That allows us to retain the same look and feel across all units on the DCSs.
But operator opinions are important. We obtain their feedback regularly on what is working or not working."
Strobhar adds, "The users themselves don't know what they need," offers Strobhar. "This is not unique to process plants. Asking someone what they want or need will not be UCD. You will end up with a wall of monitors with very colorful graphics. Operators want colorful displays because they're more aesthetically pleasing."
Often what operators say they want and what they use can be completely different. Sometimes they ignore the colorful graphics and 3D animation and bring up a plain old trend or faceplate display instead. But you'll never know unless you watch them.
Figure 2: With the Operator's Console Recorder from Longwatch, you can see what operators really watch on the job.
The operator's console recorder (Figure 2) from Longwatch (www.longwatch.com) records everything the operator sees on the HMI. Automation system designers can use the recordings to see what operators do during an event, what displays they actually watch, and for training purposes.
Process and Data Automation (PDA, www.processanddata.com) revamped the control system for the Erie Wastewater Treatment plant in Erie, Penn. It was a typical upgrade project. That is, the plant had been updated in piecemeal fashion for the past 20 years; new equipment was not always compatible with the older hardware; and its SCADA system needed a complete upgrade. "This project required control, data collection and operator interface knowledge," says Tim Andrews, PDA's product manager.
"We identified the common problems with the system and where there needed to be improvements," added treatment plant operations supervisor Rob Munro. "Sometimes the equipment was so old that its screens showed applications we no longer used or identified equipment we no longer had."
"The operators and maintenance staff at the plant helped identify specific capabilities of equipment in the plant that weren't exploited in the old system," adds Joseph Snyder, PDA's president. "From this they had custom screens created that helped them drill into specific areas for details and troubleshooting purposes."
"The arrangement was ideal because it kept costs down and familiarized our electricians and maintenance staff with the new controls," Munro said. "Our employees worked by PDA's side and received critical on-the-job training, giving them a working knowledge of the system."
"We find many advantages to executing a project in this manner," Snyder explains. "The most glaring improvements, particularly in the short term, are ease of deployment and training, along with a much higher degree of ownership among the direct users. Users can better visualize the operation and correct irregular performance issues."
MGC Advanced Polymers (www.mapnylon.com) had similar problems when it updated the control system for its plant in Colonial Heights, Va. According to Andrew Digrys, project engineer at MGC, "The batch automation at the plant used custom code without any use of common or uniform control modules. The lack of a uniform approach resulted in custom and unnecessarily complex code that was poorly documented."
Once again, operators got involved. "Plant personnel participated in every phase of the design effort," reports Digrys. "They provided insight into the design deficiencies of the original codes, ensuring that processes and procedures were streamlined and simplified."
Performix (www.performixinc.com), a software vendor in Houston, Texas, also developed HMI screens with the help of operators. Fred Ungerer, COO at Performix, explains that his company was asked by a silicon products manufacturer to use UCD to improve batch recipe authoring. "A number of focus groups were held with operators between the ages of 18 to 65," explains Ungerer.
Figure 3: With the help of operators and UCD, Performix developed this HMI screen to make it easier for operators to enter and work with batch recipes.
The result, depicted in Figure 3, ensured the operators would be one click away from the information or work that needed to be accomplished. "During subsequent testing and training sessions, the operators only required two or three practice orders to feel comfortable with the new solution," he says.
Concept Systems (www.conceptsystemsinc.com) a systems integrator in Albany, Ore., has a procedure for UCD-based projects. Michael Gurney, vice president, explains: "To achieve UCD, we work with a single point of contact at the company, where they are the conduit to involve all the other departments. Our job is to ask the right questions and draw out the information we need to design a quality system."
"At the early stages of the design, we produce a functional design document. Based on the customer's design needs, the document outlines what the entire project will entail, including an overview of the system's setup, operation and statistics, and how the new automated system will function with it."
The preliminary design stage is completed ahead of the actual programming. The customer must approve the preliminary HMIs before the design process goes forward.
"UCD helps solidify the design and the customer's views," Gurney explains. "It's very common for engineering and operations to be on two sides of a wall. What we're really trying to do is break that wall down and bring everyone into one room, so we can build what they need to operate and, when they start the system, they have all the tools they need."
"The primary challenges are getting everyone working together for a common outcome, getting the right people involved, getting everyone to take the time upfront to think about the operation, and getting operators and engineering on the same page," reflects Gurney. "Part of my job when working with them is to get everyone excited—to get them thinking: What are the possibilities? What can I do to make this better?"
Not all user-centered design projects involve simplifying HMI displays. Sometimes they involve simplifying other kinds of tasks, such as I/O and field wiring.
Franck Jouault, manager of the system department at Solvay's chemical and plastics plant in Tavaux, France, had to replace two process control systems—one for a laboratory and one for an industrial process—with a total of 1500 I/O. Solvay was upgrading from a "classic I/O" system with standard field wiring, marshalling cabinets and DeltaV control system cabinets, to Emerson's CHARMS I/O system, which essentially does away with traditional I/O architectures. Instead, I/O modules plug into an Ethernet network and can be assigned to any controller. Making sure that it all worked was Jouault's task.
Solvay started out by testing a small system in March 2010 to make sure the field devices used on site were compatible with CHARMS. "Our main concern was the interoperability of the field devices and CHARMS," explains Jouault. "We conducted tests to verify that examples of all transmitters used on the site were interoperable with CHARMS, including wiring, HART pass-through, redundancy and communication with the safety logic solvers."
Once satisfied with the test, Solvay proceeded with the two major conversions, and the facility was back up in September 2010. Jouault says that simplifying the I/O has made life much easier on technicians, operators and maintenance people.
It added flexibility to the design of the architecture. Having I/O available in a network versus assigning it to a controller through an I/O rack gives more flexibility in the management of the CPU load.
It reduced the complexity of the project. Because CHARMS combines marshalling and the I/O card, engineering work, the number of cabinets and the wiring activity are all reduced, providing for faster commissioning and start-up.
It made maintenance procedures easier. Simplified wiring facilitates troubleshooting and limits the impact to one loop in case of a failure. With a classic I/O card, eight loops can be affected when a card has to be replaced.
It simplifies management of change. Now it is easier to define what hardware is required for the system.
"It's easier to add controllers and processing power because they are totally separate from the I/O," adds Jouault.
Increased demand for its products prompted MGC Advanced Polymers to upgrade its plant automation to a Yokogawa process control system. Andrew Digrys, project engineer at MGC, reports that operators were crucial to the success of the project.
"Operator input was required and deemed essential in the development of the new functional requirements because of their process knowledge and experience," Digrys explains. "Their input was a key component in correcting deficiencies in existing automation functionality and detailing processes for new functionality. Operator input in the design phase of the project also had the benefit of ensuring positive acceptance."
The old batch automation system was based on custom code that was poorly documented. The new automation plan required the participation of operations personnel to generate functional and detailed operation design documents that could be used for a modular and fully ISA-88-compliant batch control system.
The project included a complete redesign to a fully compliant ISA-88 application using generic unit models. Control functionality was standardized for all similar components from equipment modules through unit models.
"Operators assisted in identifying key areas of the process where issues existed," says Digrys. "They provided insight and direction for the improvement of processes and procedures that could be included in the new ISA-88 batch design. They understood what portions of the previous automation could be used and what could be eliminated."
With the help of operators, display graphics were reworked and improved so that pertinent process data was visible and fully accessible. New batch Interlock displays using informative flow charts provided clear execution details that were easy to read and/or follow. These new displays proved to be an excellent troubleshooting tool for operations and maintenance personnel.
Digrys reports that the project was a success. "The number of operator human interface station graphics required for plant production was reduced significantly. The remaining graphics were enhanced by adding clearer automation messages that were pertinent to the operators. These detailed batch operator messages were key additions that provided real-time details of executing batch steps."
The new modular design provided a better means of handling process upsets during very critical phases. Plant production constraints were identified and corrected, providing improved quality while reducing batch cycle times and improving production rates. The redesigned system, using unit operations and procedures, provided the ability to construct and implement new recipes for different product grades without requiring an automation redesign.
Worsley Alumina includes a bauxite mine in Boddington, Australia, and an alumina refinery and port facilities near Collie, Australia. In 2006, User Centered Design Services began a project to upgrade the control rooms and the process control systems.
"Worsley started out with some very bad control room problems," reports Ian Nimmo, president of UCSD. "These included poor HMI design, alarm overload and bad ergonomics." Other problems included a lack of formalization of alarm management, no alarm philosophy and no HMI style guide or philosophy.
"Traditionally, the alumina industry hasn't tried a centralized control facility, even though we identified many common feed interactions and common utilities," Nimmo reports. "We proposed a centralized theater-style control room (see Figure 1), but management rejected the very thought of this. So we prepared a detailed comparison of control room strengths and weaknesses and a list of good practices and how to prevent bad practices." Worsley management eventually accepted the theater style control facility.
"We made significant improvements to their alarm management by first adopting a new alarm philosophy based on ISA SP 18 and EMMUA 191 guidelines," Nimmo says. "This reduced worst-case alarm floods from 13,450 alarms per hour to 11 alarms per hour. A major redesign of their HMI included moving away from traditional P&ID graphics to new HMI standards. This had a dramatic effect on operations as operators became proactive rather than waiting to respond to alarms and being reactive."
Worsley was one of Nimmo's first customers to experience the benefits of UCD. "We have since repeated this exercise in Europe at the Borregaard Bio refinery (Sarpsborg, Norway www.borregaard.com)," notes Nimmo. "They also captured similar benefits and are enjoying the low stress and improved situation awareness, as established by the ISO 11064 UCD philosophy."
Matrix Technologies in Maumee, Ohio, says it has provided hundreds of systems that were based on UCD. Here's how they use operators to help with a project, as reported by Stephen M. Goldberg, director of the industrial systems division.
Many clients have benefited from our project implementation strategy of operator input during the collection of information for functional specification and pre-shipment testing. There are usually many simple things requested by operators that they "need" to more efficiently run the process. This input is necessary where the operations team is much more familiar with a process than the client and integrator team implementing the system. One of the biggest benefits is quicker acceptance by the plant operations team, which results in a more efficient start-up.
"In a recent case we were duplicating an existing system based on a custom HMI, motion control and PLC," he says. "The customer wanted an off-the-shelf HMI and to upgrade the PLC and motion controller. By working with the operators we were able to come up with some definite improvements.
"The operators identified a screen that would help them more quickly find the system faults. The new equipment helped to eliminate many problems, but when the problems occurred, they were much easier to find and remove so that processing could be more quickly restarted. "
Many times the client is reluctant to involve this level of personnel due to greater complexity in gathering information from the "right" operator. Gaining the trust of the selected operator is also very important. You need to have a close mutual relationship to make sure the operator trusts you and that you can trust what input they are giving to be valid and helpful.
Dan Hebert is Control's Senior Technical Editor. | 2019-04-22T14:01:57Z | https://www.controlglobal.com/articles/2011/UserCenteredDesign1103/?page=full |
ISLAMABAD: Continuing to share concern over India-US defence and nuclear cooperation, Pakistan on Thursday said that the defence agreement between the two sides could only “add to the conventional asymmetry and hence strategic instability in the region”.
It also said India’s massive acquisition of weapons ‘complicates’ regional stability. “India’s defence spending has increased by 12 percent in 2014-15 and stands at $38.35 billion. India has been the top buyer of arms for the last three years. In this backdrop, the US-India ten-year defence agreement can only add to the conventional asymmetry and hence strategic instability,” Foreign Office Spokesperson Tasnim Aslam told a weekly press briefing.
In Thursday’s media briefing, the FO spokesperson said Pakistan has been proposing a three-pronged ‘Strategic Restraint Regime’ based on conflict resolution, nuclear and missile restraint and conventional balance. “Pakistan firmly believes that confidence-building and arms reduction in the regional and sub-regional context are of paramount importance,” she said.
The spokesperson said Chinese President Xi Jinping’s visit to Pakistan, which was postponed last year, was “very much on the cards” but exact dates were not finalised as yet. The FO diplomat termed China a ‘global power’. “China is a global power and it is a factor of regional stability. We are engaged with China very extensively and we believe that globally and regionally China has an important responsibility and role to play for peace, stability, prosperity and development,” Aslam said.
Asked whether Pakistan would support China for the membership of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), she said, “I’m not aware that China has evinced interest in becoming a full member of SAARC but China’s engagement has a positive and salutary impact on SAARC. If China’s role increases, it would benefit the organisation as such.
While Toukan’s answers are authoritative, they have not yet succeeded in convincing Jordanian skeptics. Perhaps that’s because serious safety problems emerged at Palo Verde in 2013. Or maybe Toukan’s unsubstantiated 2014 claims before parliament—that radiation leaks from the Israeli nuclear reactor at Dimona were resulting in increased incidences of cancer in the Kingdom—have further soured Jordanians on nuclear energy. It’s also possible that heightened fears of terrorism fueled by the recent territorial gains by the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq or ISIS, are dampening enthusiasm for the project.
In the face of continued foreign and domestic opposition, it isn’t clear that Jordan will actually proceed with the nuclear option. Today the Atomic Energy Commission is calling nuclear power “a strategic choice,” but with nearly a million Syrian refugees in the Kingdom, a stumbling economy, a rising threat of terrorism on the home front, and with a downed Jordanian pilot currently held captive by ISIL, King Abdullah could punt, delaying a decision—and avoiding confrontation with Washington—for the indefinite future. Given the ongoing challenges, for the time being at least, no nukes should be a no-brainer for the Kingdom.
A North Korean nuclear plant is seen in Yongbyon, in this photo taken June 27, 2008 and released by Kyodo.
(Reuters) – North Korea may be trying to restart a nuclear reactor that can yield plutonium for atomic bombs, a U.S. security think tank said on Wednesday, citing new satellite imagery.
RIYADH/ON BOARD AIR FORCE ONE: Saudi Arabia’s King Salman and U.S. President Barack Obama tackled a range of sensitive regional issues Tuesday during Obama’s one-day visit to Riyadh, as the Saudi monarch highlighted his country’s stance that Iran should not be allowed to acquire a nuclear weapon.
The two leaders touched on the volatile situation in Saudi Arabia’s neighbor Yemen, where Shiite Houthi rebels have launched a power grab, as well as the thorny negotiations between Iran and the West over a nuclear program that Iran insists is for civilian and not military purposes.
King Salman expressed “no reservations” about the ongoing talks but added that Riyadh was adamant that Iran not be allowed to build a nuclear bomb, an administration official said.
The two leaders also touched on stability in the oil market and the king expressed a message of continuity on Saudi energy policy in their talks, the official said.
The talks were attended by Crown Prince Muqrin and Deputy Crown Prince Mohammad bin Nayef, along with several high-ranking Saudi officials, while Obama was joined by a high-powered delegation that included former secretaries of state and a Republican critic of the administration’s Middle East policy.
Speaking to reporters on Air Force One after Obama departed Saudi Arabia, the official said the two men did not discuss current oil prices. He said the king suggested Saudi Arabia would continue to play its role within the global energy market and that one should not expect a change in the country’s position.
During his brief stop in Riyadh Obama held his first formal meeting with King Salman, newly installed on the throne following the death of the 90-year-old King Abdullah Friday.
The roughly hourlong meeting focused on a bevy of Mideast security issues – sectarian divisions in Iraq, the U.S.-led campaign against ISIS, the precarious situation in Yemen and support for Syrian opposition fighting President Bashar Assad, said the U.S. official who briefed reporters traveling with Obama on condition of anonymity, citing the private nature of the talks.
Stepping off the plane earlier in Riyadh, the president and first lady Michelle Obama were greeted by Salman and a military band playing both countries’ national anthems.
Some of the all-male Saudi delegation shook hands with Mrs. Obama while others gave her a nod as they passed by.
Salman formally greeted Obama and the U.S. delegation at the Erga Palace on the outskirts of Riyadh, where dozens of Saudi officials filed through a marble-walled room to greet the Americans under massive crystal chandeliers.
Then they sat for a three-course dinner of grilled meats, baked lobster and Arabic and French deserts.
Obama cut short his trip to India to spend just a few hours in Riyadh. Further underscoring Saudi Arabia’s key role in U.S. foreign policy was the extensive delegation that joined Obama for the visit.
Secretary of State John Kerry joined Obama in Riyadh, along with former Secretaries of State Condoleezza Rice and James Baker III, both of whom served Republican presidents.
Former White House national security advisers Brent Scowcroft, Sandy Berger and Stephen Hadley also made the trip, as did Sen. John McCain, a frequent critic of Obama’s Middle East policy.
CIA Director John Brennan and Gen. Lloyd Austin, commander of U.S. Central Command, which overseas military activity in the Middle East, also took part in the meetings with the Saudis.
The U.S. and Saudi Arabia have worked in close coordination to address evolving security concerns in the tumultuous region. Most recently, Saudi Arabia became one of a handful of Arab nations that have joined the U.S. in launching airstrikes against ISIS in Iraq and Syria.
Yet Obama’s presidency has also been marked by occasional strains with the Saudi royal family, particularly as Abdullah had pressed the U.S. to take more aggressive action to force Assad from power.
(Bloomberg) — Pakistan has warned that growing U.S. cooperation with India on its civilian nuclear program could destabilize a region with a quarter of the world’s people.
President Barack Obama announced during a three-day trip to New Delhi this week that the U.S. would support India’s entry into the 48-member Nuclear Suppliers Group. He also said the countries reached a breakthrough that would pave the way for investment in its civilian nuclear power sector.
Pakistan and China are among nations questioning whether neighboring India deserves to gain further international legitimacy for its nuclear program, putting them at odds with the Obama administration. The Nuclear Suppliers Group, a set of nations exporting atomic reactors and fuel, was created in response to India’s widely denounced nuclear tests in 1974.
Pakistan also objected to Obama’s support for India to get a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, Aziz said. Syed Akbaruddin, a spokesman for India’s foreign ministry, wasn’t immediately available for comment.
The moves may be part of Pakistan’s strategy to build more nuclear reactors with China, said Anit Mukherjee, an assistant professor at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore.
In a joint statement on Jan. 25, Obama said India was ready for membership to the Nuclear Suppliers Group. He agreed to work with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi toward “phased entry” that would include joining three more global non-proliferation assemblies: The Missile Technology Control Regime, the Wassenaar Arrangement and the Australia Group.
An agreement with the U.S. in 2008 helped India gain a waiver from the Nuclear Suppliers Group, which barred trade with any nation that hadn’t endorsed the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, which India has refrained from signing. Pakistan isn’t a member of the group and doesn’t have a waiver.
China noted Obama’s trip to New Delhi and said that India still needs to take more steps to meet the requirements of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said on Jan. 26.
“Pakistan values its relations with the United States and expects it to play a constructive role for strategic stability and balance in South Asia,” Aziz said.
Nuclear cooperation highlighted the meetings between Modi and Obama, who was India’s chief guest for its annual Republic Day parade. Among the breakthroughs was an end to a years-long deadlock on obstacles that blocked the U.S. from installing nuclear plants in India, which plans a $182 billion expansion of its nuclear industry.
U.S. technology suppliers have questioned the depth of the agreement between Obama and Modi. Westinghouse Electric Co., the Monroeville, Pennsylvania-based nuclear builder owned by Toshiba Corp., said it would study an offer by India to create an insurance pool to shield suppliers from liability in the event of an accident.
Former senior U.S. military leaders outlined the threat that violent Islamist extremists pose and put it into a larger global security context at a Tuesday hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee on global threats.
Gen. John Keane—a former vice chief of staff of the Army—recognized the split between the radical Shi’ia branch of Islam and the role Iran plays not only in the Middle East but beyond, using “proxies to attack the United States”—such as Hezbollah did in Lebanon or its sectarian militias did in Iraq—while developing its own nuclear and long-range missile capabilities and radical Sunnis.
The radical Sunnis, through al Qaeda and its affiliates, “exceed Iran” in attracting recruits and threatening Europe and North America. He cited the recent attack in Paris at satirical weekly Charlie Hebdo and a Jewish supermarket as an example of radical Sunni reach outside of the Middle East.
“We sure as hell are opinionated” as witnesses, he said. “[But] it is unmistakable that our policies have failed” in rolling back the Islamic State (sometimes called the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS or ISIL) or in using drones to attack suspected terrorist targets in Yemen and Pakistan. Those actions “guarantee we will be incrementally engaged” without an overall strategy, Keane said.
“We can’t have everything,” Adm. William Fallon, who also served as CENTCOM commander, said. “We’ve got to make choices,” he added, noting that it is impossible for the United States to solve the centuries-old divide between Shi’ia and Sunni and the even longer battle between Persians [Iran] and Arabs over control of the region.
Zeroing in on Iraq, Fallon said it is critical that Sunnis there believe they “are getting a fair shake going forward” from the government of Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi. If they believe that, the tribes would be more likely to join the Kurds and largely Shi’ia Iraqi military in fighting ISIS.
“We know ISIS and ‘reconcilable Sunnis’ are on a collision course,” Keane added. He said the Abadi government and its military do not want to wait any longer to retake Iraq’s second largest city, Mosul.
“I don’t know if we will be ready by summer” to assist them with forward air controllers and air strikes, increased intelligence-gathering and sharing, special forces and additional trainers to be with Iraqi front-line forces in an attack on Mosul, Keane said. “We’ve got to have people on the ground with them,” he said. When asked, he put the number at 10,000 in that advise and assist role.
He added that several brigades of ground forces, including coalition troops, should be in place in Kuwait if the attempt to retake the city stalls or fails.
Mattis agreed on embedding forces with the Iraqis. Using forward controllers as an example, “you are seeing a much faster decision process” when they are available for planning and follow-up on a military operation that could keep an enemy off-balance.
Across the Iraqi border, Keane called the situation of the Free Syrian Army “as complex a thing as we have had on our plate” as it tries to battle ISIS with its roots in among Sunnis and the regime with its ties to Shi’ia at the same time. Most coalition nations assisting the Iraqi government have limited air strikes against ISIS to that country. Iran is supporting the Syrian regime with forces and equipment.
“Rigorous inspection” was the way Mattis described it. He said, “Economic sanctions worked better than I expected” in bringing Iran to the negotiations. Other steps could include a blockade, striking Hezbollah and the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria if talks fail.
“The threat has shifted” in Europe, Keane said pointing to the Russian seizure of Crimea, support of separatists in Ukraine and threats to the Baltic States, now members of NATO. “Let’s put some permanent bases there,” closer to the Russian border, and re-look the decision to pull the missile defense system from Eastern Europe.
As for a pivot to Asia and the Pacific, Fallon said the difference is rather small. During the Cold War, the Fleet was about evenly divided between the Atlantic and Pacific and the shift now would allocate 60 percent of the Navy’s 280 ships to the Pacific, a move of 28 ships. But it would be a step to reassure allies and partners in the region and China that the United States was still engaged, he and Mattis said.
When asked about a return to the draft, all said that would not be a good idea, but the growing divide between the 1 percent who serve voluntarily and the American public is “a huge problem,” Fallon said. Mattis said the All-Volunteer Force “has been good for the military [in terms of quality] but bad for the country” [in terms of the divide].
“The force looks like America, and they want to be there,” Keane said.
Most immediately, lifted sanctions on Iran’s oil and gas industry could spur tensions with other energy producers, such as Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar.
In last week’s State of the Union Address, President Obama threatened to veto new legislation affecting five issues, four of them in the domestic policy arena and just one covering foreign policy. The foreign policy issue in question involved the prospect of new sanctions legislation targeting Iran. Correspondingly, the administration has recently ramped up efforts to conclude a nuclear deal with Iran.
Should the United States and its partners in the P5+1 — Britain, China, France, Russia, and Germany — strike a deal with Iran, the global oil and gas markets would no doubt be affected. Indeed, several leading oil and gas companies are already preparing for a return to business in Iran in the event sanctions are lifted. Such jockeying would only intensify once the Iranian oil and gas sector became fully available to international markets.
However, the announcement alone of an agreement with Iran that removes international sanctions would accelerate the current steady downward trend of the global oil price. Thus, the oil price would be affected even before increased physical supplies of Iranian oil reached the market. And more oil would gradually return to the market, helping keep global oil prices low and perhaps depressing them even further. Burdened by sanctions, Tehran has offered discounts to regular buyers such as China, India, Japan, South Korea, and Turkey. The end of sanctions would most likely mean that such consumers would pay a price more in line with global prices. Accordingly, this could create an opportunity for Saudi Arabia and other Gulf producers to increase their market share.
Since the Russia-Ukraine crisis erupted last year, Tehran has tried to position itself as a reliable alternative to Russia as a gas supplier to Europe. Indeed, Iran is the only state close to Europe’s borders that possesses enough natural gas to rival Russia’s dominance in most European gas markets. Iranian president Hassan Rouhani even stated recently that “Iran can be a secure energy center for Europe.” And Iran’s deputy oil minister, Ali Majedi, boasted in official Iranian media that “Iranian natural gas is Russia’s only competitor for Europe.” He continued that European countries could import Iran’s gas through three separate routes: Turkey, Iraq, or a pipeline running through Armenia and Georgia, and then under the Black Sea.
However credible an option Iran might be for supplying Europe, two main obstacles would slow Iran’s entry into Europe’s gas markets: one, the need to produce more gas and, two, the need to build infrastructure to get it to Europe. To be sure, Iran is a significant natural gas producer, generating 160 billion cubic meters a year, third globally behind just Russia and the United States. Its output constitutes about 35 percent of annual EU gas consumption. Iran also has vast reserves. Yet interestingly, Iran is a net gas importer, with the country consuming a larger proportion of natural gas than any other country in the world. Iran’s high natural gas consumption rate is due in part to its very low domestic gas prices and thus low energy efficiency. Iran imports gas from Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan, while it exports a bit less to Turkey and Armenia.
In Turkey, energy industry sources have reported that Ankara is preparing its pipeline infrastructure to enable transit of Iranian gas to Europe once sanctions are removed. However, natural gas production requires much larger investments than oil production, and concluding a supply contract generally takes a number of years. In addition, either long-distance pipelines or liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities cost billions of dollars, with these costs recovered only over many years. Such investments are therefore not undertaken lightly. Accordingly, after sanctions are removed, it will probably take at least five years, and possibly much longer, until meaningful volumes of Iranian gas hit European markets. Europe will also compete with Asia for Iran’s gas exports, since LNG exports into lucrative Asian markets may be more attractive to Tehran than European markets. If Iran seeks to sell LNG to Asia, U.S. LNG exports to the region could find themselves challenged by a new competitor. However, this would take close to a decade to play out.
On gas, Russia would take steps to block Tehran’s entry into European markets, as it has done in the past. In 2007, when Tehran inaugurated gas supplies to neighboring Armenia, Russia’s Gazprom immediately bought up the pipeline project within Armenia and built it with a small circumference to preempt its future use for transiting gas to European markets.
Moscow and Tehran could also find themselves competing for gas market share in neighboring Turkey. Already Russia’s second largest gas export market, Turkey’s role in Russia’s gas export strategy has recently grown with Russia’s proposed route change of the South Stream export pipeline from Bulgaria to Turkey.
Overall, cooperation between Russia and Iran rests on a rocky basis, and once Iran is released from sanctions and its conflict with the West, many issues of strategic competition between Tehran and Moscow will resurface, including in the sphere of gas markets.
Another potential conflict that may emerge once sanctions are removed and Iran’s natural gas industry revives is with Qatar over the delimitation of their shared South Pars/North Dome field. This natural gas field is one of the world’s largest and the main source of Qatar’s massive LNG exports as well as the main area where Iran has been investing in new gas and oil capacity. Conflict between Doha and Tehran over delimitation has been forestalled somewhat by sanctions and the corresponding lack of investment in Iranian production in the contested field.
If the United States and its partners can reach a deal with Iran, all players must understand the potential consequences of Iran’s reentry into the global oil and regional gas market. Most immediately, tensions could surge with other energy producers, such as Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. The downward spiral of global oil prices would also be reinforced. Tehran, it must be noted, could face serious difficulties finding markets for expanded output and attracting the needed investment in production and gas transit facilities. But in the long term, expanded Iranian output could create more supply options for European and Asian gas markets.
Brenda Shaffer, a specialist on international energy issues, is currently a visiting researcher at Georgetown University’s Center for Eurasian, Russian and East European Studies (CERES), on sabbatical from the University of Haifa, where she is a professor in the School of Political Science. She authored the Washington Institute study Partners in Need: The Strategic Relationship of Russia and Iran.
Last year saw Australia’s uranium production reach its lowest point since 1998 while Kazakhstan maintained its position as the world’s largest uranium producer.
Australian production of 5897 tonnes U3O8 (5000 tU) was down from 2013 production of 7488 tonnes U3O8 (6350 tU) despite the start of operations at the Four Mile in situ leach uranium project in South Australia, and was the lowest for the country in 16 years.
The figures reflect the loss of production at Energy Resources of Australia’s (ERA) Ranger mine, out of action until June 2014 following the rupture of a leach tank in December 2013. The mine had ramped up to full throughput by the end of September and by year end, Ranger had produced 988 tU.
Four Mile also started operations in June and by the end of the year a total of 640 tU had been produced. Uranium from Four Mile is processed at the Beverley plant. Beverley’s own wellfields contributed 21 tU to the annual total, although production has been suspended since early in the year.
The lion’s share of Australia’s 2014 production – 3351 tU – came from BHP Billiton’s Olympic Dam, where uranium is produced as a by-product of copper.
Meanwhile, Kazakhstan remains the world’s largest uranium producer with 2014 total production of 22,829 tU, according to state nuclear company KazAtomProm. The company’s own share of production accounted for 13,156 tU of the total. The figure is slightly up from the 22,548 tU recorded for 2013, and Kazatomprom says it is in line with its expectations for the year.
ISLAMABAD, Pakistan — In an unusually critical statement, a senior Pakistani official said that Pakistan remained opposed to India’s inclusion in the Nuclear Suppliers Group and feared that the country’s growing nuclear cooperation with the United States could harm deterrence efforts in South Asia.
The statement by Sartaj Aziz, the Pakistani national security adviser, came after President Obama wound up his visit to India, during which the United States and India announced an array of trade and strategic agreements.
Pakistan and India have had an antagonistic relationship since the end of British rule and their partition in 1947. In recent years, Pakistan has viewed growing United States-India cooperation with apprehension.
“Pakistan is opposed to yet another country-specific exemption from N.S.G. rules to grant membership to India, as this would further compound the already fragile strategic stability environment in South Asia,” Mr. Aziz said Tuesday in the statement. The Nuclear Suppliers Group is a 48-nation body established 40 years ago to ensure that civilian trade in nuclear materials is not diverted for military purposes.
In addition to opposing India’s membership in the group, Mr. Aziz also criticized American support for granting a seat to India on the United Nations Security Council.
“A country, in violation of United Nations Security Council resolutions on matters of international peace and security, such as the Jammu and Kashmir dispute, by no means qualifies for a special status in the Security Council,” the statement read, referring to the Himalayan region of Kashmir, over which Pakistan and India have fought three wars.
“Radical Islam, as I’m defining it for today’s discussion, consists of three distinct movements who share a radical fundamentalist ideology, use jihad or terror to achieve objectives that compete with each other for influence and power,” he said.
“In 1980, Iran declared the United States as a strategic enemy and its goal is to drive the United States out of the region, achieve regional hegemony, and destroy the state of Israel. It uses proxies, primarily as the world’s number one state sponsoring terrorism. Thirty plus years Iran has used these proxies to attack the United States. To date, the result is U.S. troops left Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq, while Iran has direct influence and some control over Beirut, Lebanon, Gaza, Damascus, Syria, Baghdad, Iraq, and now Sana’a, Yemen,” the general continued.
“Third, the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham, ISIS, is an outgrowth from Al-Qaeda in Iraq, which was defeated in Iraq by 2009. After U.S. troops pulled out of Iraq in 2011, ISIS reemerged as a terrorist organization in Iraq, moved into Syria in 2012, and began seizing towns and villages from the Syria-Iraq border all the way to the western Syria from Aleppo to Damascus,” he reminded the committee.
Bridget Johnson is a veteran journalist whose news articles and opinion columns have run in dozens of news outlets across the globe. Bridget first came to Washington to be online editor at The Hill, where she wrote The World from The Hill column on foreign policy. Previously she was an opinion writer and editorial board member at the Rocky Mountain News and nation/world news columnist at the Los Angeles Daily News. She is an NPR contributor and has contributed to USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, National Review Online, Politico and more, and has myriad television and radio credits as a commentator. Bridget is Washington Editor for PJ Media. | 2019-04-24T19:08:04Z | https://theprophecy.blog/2015/01/ |
A luxurious horseback safari through the Okavango Delta landscapes, journeying between two camps in different areas. Perfect for understanding the ecosystems of north Botswana, this is a unique horse riding holiday with knowledgable guides who are involved in responsible eco-tourism practices.
International flight overnight to Johannesburg. If booking your own flight then you need to depart London at c. 19:00 so that you arrive in Johannesburg at c. 07:00 in time for your flight to Maun which will depart Johannesburg at c. 11am.
These flights are not included but we can assist with them on request.
You will be welcomed on arrival at Maun airport and transferred into camp. There are two dfferent options for transfers - you can either arrive by helicopter (c. 20mins flight) or by road/boat (c. 3hrs).
The helicopter shuttle is highly recommended as flying into the delta is a special experience and the view from the helicopter is the finest way to start you safari. You will have lunch and an introduction talk on safety and game viewing from horseback, followed by an orientation ride.
Please note that if arriving by road/boat then there is no time for a ride on arrival so you will join the group for sundowners and dinner.
Your first morning will start with a game ride in the Xudum area. Wade through lush green malapos that lead you from island to island. Surprise a timid reedbuck out of its dense cover on a heavily wooded island, watch herds of lechwe and giraffes moving through the open spaces. This area forms seasonal marshlands and hosts a variety of exceptional birdlife. Return to camp for lunch and a siesta followed by an afternoon game drive with sunset drinks and an evening drive.
Today you will ride a full-morning and explore the western Baobab area. Small islands linked by numerous hippo channels lead you to Baobab Island. Deep lagoons make this a good area for hippo and lechwe, as well as buffalo and other big game. Breeding herds of elephants enjoy the security of the dense forest and travel from pan to pan leaving a lattice of large paths. Zebras, wildebeest and buffaloes are also attracted to this area. The abundant animal tracks leave you guessing whats up ahead and what has passed by. In the cool of the afternoon drift on the water in a Mokoro (traditional canoe) past heavily scented water lilies and painted reed frogs.
Today will be your longest riding day as you will ride from Kujwana to Mokolwane Camp, following a 30km north-westerly route through open floodplains and scattered islands to the Matsebe River system. A picnic lunch is served on a shady island some two hours from Mokolwane Camp, where you will arrive at sunset.
IMPORTANT: Mokolwane camp is only offered from March through to November. In January, February and December, guests are based at Kujwana Camp.
A morning game walk gives you the chance to explore the surroundings and experience the delta from a different perspective. After lunch and a siesta an evening ride takes you into the Matsibe River system and features wide floodplains interspersed with mokolwane palms - a favorite food of elephants and baboons, whilst the numerous Buffalo prefer the dense Tsaro Palms.
below. Last night in your tree house 10 ft above the ground.
A full days ride from Mokolwane to Kujwana riding the Southern route following the edge of the Matsibe River. You will have a picnic lunch which is prepared at the swimming hole. Enjoy a siesta on a camp bed in the shade of a big tree and you could be joined by an elephant bull strolling passt or the sudden arrival of a herd of buffalo drifting into the water. Arrival at Kujwana is at sunset.
Your last morning in the delta. If departing by helicopter then there should be time for a final early morning game ride before brunch. If departing by road/boat then you will have breakfast before saying goodbye.
You will need the afternoon flight from Maun to Johannesburg which departs at c. 2pm.
Flights are not included but we can assist with this on request. You will then require a flight back to the UK which departs in the evening, at c. 8pm.
- The above dates are set for Saturday arrival/departures. There are also set dates for Tuesday arrival/departures if those suit you better - please enquire. It is also possible to stay for only 5 nights rather than 7 nights - please ask for prices and dates for these options.
- During January, February and December the ride is not mobile and will be based from main camp throughout. During these months it is possible for dates to be flexible and you can stay for a shorter number of days if you prefer.
- These prices do not include International flights to Johannesburg, or from Johannesburg to Maun. We can assist with these for you on request.
- You will also require transfers from Maun to camp.
It is possible to transfer by helicopter (c. 20mins flight) or by road/boat (c. 3hrs). If you are travelling alone then there is a single supplement on the transfers unless there are others transferring on the same day. The road and boat transfer is available depending on water levels.
Transfers to or from Maun should co-ordinate with Air Botswana's flight BP211 and BP212 and SAAir Link JNB to Maun & Maun to Johannesburg.
We recommend transferring by helicopter one way and by road/boat the other way so that you experience both the delta from the air, and the enormity of the area by road.
PLEASE NOTE: when transferring by road/boat it is not possible to ride on that day but you can view game from the transfer vehicle.
- There is no single supplement if you are willing to share. It is also possible for the first three singles to book to request their own tent at no extra cost. Once these three tents have been allocated then the single supplement is 50% of the ride price.
- Non-riders are welcome but there is no discount as they will be provided with their own guide and offered non-riding activities, such as 4x4 safaris, walking safaris, boat trips, fishing etc.
- It is possible for groups of four or more to stay for ten nights and spend a couple of nights in a traditional fly camp (basic camp with bucket showers and long-drop toilets). Please enquire for dates and prices for this option.
- Competent children over the age of 12 years may be accepted but will be asked to provide evidence of their riding ability, such as Pony Club certification or a letter from their riding school.
We recommend tipping 10-15 USD per day, which can be split between the entire team. If you wish to tip your guide seperately then you can do so.
There is a stable of 60+ horses based at main camp - this includes some mares and youngstock. The horses are mainly thoroughbreds and thoroughbred crosses, Arabians and Arabian crosses and Boerperds. They are chosen for their temperament and suitability and include homebreds as well as those selected from well-known breeders in South Africa. The horses are regularly schooled and cared for to European standards.
You need to be a competent and confident rider, capable of rising to the trot, cantering and galloping in open spaces. This is an area of dangerous game and so you should be secure in the saddle and able to stay on if you need to gallop out of danger. You must be able to rise to the trot and gallop in a forward seat for long distance (c. 10 minutes).
There is a weight limit of 90kg but slightly heavier riders may be accepted on payment of a supplement for a second horse.
The morning rides can be fast and exhilarating and all paces are practiced. There are plenty of opportunities for long canters on the dry islands or across the flood plains. When water levels are deep it may also be possible to swim the horses across some channels - expect to be completely soaked!
The afternoon rides are shorter, c. 2 hours, and slower. You may walk and trot, but not canter. This is the time to take your camera and appreciate the sights and sounds of the bush - the afternoon light is beautiful.
A team of grooms will feed, care for and saddle your horses. You can help with untacking if you wish, but this is not expected.
Easy environment with a gentle climate the entire year, ideal from April to October.
Guests who do not ride regularly are requested to get fit prior to the ride. It is of particular importance to ensure you are comfortable and balanced when riding at speed across rough terrain and open spaces. If the guides feel that you are unsafe on horseback, then you will be offered non-riding activities instead.
Water bottles are provided on all of the horses. Saddle bags are available on some horses or the guides can carry small items for you, such as sunscreen.
English tack. There are seat savers on all of the saddles.
This safari takes place in a private concession area of over 2500 sq kilometres using two different camps, both in diverse areas.
Kujwana Camp, the principal camp, is situated south west of Chiefs Island in the Okavango Delta. It accommodates a maximum of 6 guests in spacious safari tents each with bathrooms en-suite. The main area has a fully stocked bar, tree house overlooking the Xudum River and a separate dining area. The camp is equipped with a solar system lighting all tents and the main area - this also provides enough power for the charging of cameras during daylight hours.
IMPORTANT: Mokolwane and fly camp options are only offered from March through to November. In January, February and December, guests are based at Kujwana Camp.
The Okavango Delta is a seasonal flood plain and so different times of the year offer different experiences - each magical in its own way. The seasons in southern Africa are the reserve of the UK and so December/January is mid-summer with high temperatures and the chance of dramatic thunderstorms, whereas July/August is mid-winter when temperatures are lower and there is little chance of rain. The water level in the Delta depend on the rainfall in Angola and the floods usually arrive around April/May and recede around September/October, but this varies every year and is difficult to predict. The following guide may prove useful when planning the best time for your holiday.
March/April : Daytime temperatures are warm/hot (25-35c) and will drop to 10-20c at night. There is a small chance of rain and the bush is green and lush. There will be waterholes left over from the rainy season but the flood may not have arrived yet. Because of the rain, lush grazing and plentiful waterholes the game is dispersed and not gathered in big herd but will look fat and healthy.
May : Daytime temperatures are falling (20-30c) and it is starting to feel cooler at night (5-10c). The floods normally arrive in May which brings high levels of bird life. The large herds of lechwe antelope and buffalo will start to move into the area, but game is still dispersed as there is plenty to eat and drink.
June-August : Daytime temperatures are still pleasant (20-25c) but night are cold (3-5c) and so the early morning and late evenings are chilly. The floods are at their highest and so there is plenty of wading from island to island and boat activities. Hippo and crocodile may move into the area as well as large buffalo and antelope herds.
September/October : Spring arrives and temperatures start to climb with daytime temperatures of 30-45c, dropping to 15-25c at night. The floods are starting to recede, the islands are dry as there has not been rain for months and so the game starts to concentrate around the water holes.
November - February : The rain can arrive anytime in November. Daytime temperatures are high before the rains (30-40c) but drop after each shower. It is unlikely to rain persistently, but usually for a few hours. Nights are still warm (15-20c). The bush turns green after the rains and the grass starts to grow again. Once the waterholes start to fill again the game will disperse. The antelope will give birth during this time of plenty.
Breakfast is usually taken very early (before dawn) and is therefore light, consisting of cereals, fruit and rusks with tea or coffee.
Lunch is also light and may be quiche and salad or a variety of salads with cold meats.
Dinner is three courses. Wine is served with the meals and a selection of drinks are available.
Vegetarians and special diets can be catered for with advance notice.
You will always be guided by at least two guides - a lead guide and a back-up guide. One of these will carry a rifle. You may or may not be guided by PJ or Barney themselves - they have a number of very competent guides who have been working for them for many years, such as Thabo.
- Please don't take a hard sided suitcase. Your luggage should be soft sided, particularly for light air transfers. There is usually a luggage limit of 20kgs including hand luggage. If you are transferring into/out of camp by road rather than by helicopter then it may be possible to have a slightly higher luggage weight limit - please check with us.
- Equus Journeys strongly recommend that you wear a riding helmet and that you take your own to ensure a correct fit.
- Any liquids, such as shampoo, moisturiser, deodorant unless they are less than 100ml and all bottles can fit in a small, clear, plastic ziplock bag. Some toiletries are provided by the camp so you can pack lighter.
To enter Botswana, a passport valid for at least six months is required by British, Australian, Canadian, USA and all other EU nationals. Outgoing travel documents and sufficient funds are also required. We recommend having two blank facing visa pages in your passport for the official stamps.
Visas are not required by British, Australian, Canadian, USA or other EU nationals for stays in Botswana of up to 90 days.
Nationals of countries not listed above are advised to contact the high commission/embassy to check visa requirements.
From 1st June 2015, South Africa have introduced tough rulings for anyone travelling with children, including passengers transitting South Africa to another destination.
- One parent travelling with a child will need to show the UBC plus either: a Parental Consent Affidavit (PAC) from the parent not travelling OR a letter of special circumstance.
- Children travelling with family friends will need a UBC, PCA, copies of the parents passports and contact details for the parents.
Contact South African Immigration for what is required for other circumstances.
There are no vaccinations legally required to travel to Botswana from the UK, however, you need a yellow fever vaccination if you have travelled to a country (7 days or less before entering Botswana) where that disease is widely prevalent, such as Zambia/Victoria Falls.
You should check with your doctor who has access to the most up-to-date information but the following vaccinations are usually recommended - Diphtheria, Tetanus and Polio (DTP) together with Hepatitis A and typhoid.
If you are staying longer than 3 months or have a particular risk you might consider a rabies vaccination. Vaccination against Tuberculosis as well as Hepatitis B are also sometimes recommended for stays longer than 3 months.
Malaria is prevalent in the country, but mainly during the warm and wet season and particularly in the northern half of the country. The south is generally considered lower risk. Don't underestimate this tropical disease and take precautions. Buy repellent (preferably with 50% DEET) and sleep under a net and speak to your doctor about anti-malarial medication.
There are very few public phone boxes. The country calling code to Botswana is 267. To make an international call from Botswana, the code is 00.
Mobile phone roaming agreements exist with international mobile phone companies. Coverage is average in the major towns but you are unlikely to get any signal at all when in remote camps.
Pula (BWP; symbol P) = 100 thebe.
Notes in denominations of P100, 50, 20 and 10.
Coins in denominations of P5, 2 and 1, and 50, 25, 10 and 5 thebe.
It is not necessary to change money into local currency for any of our Botswana rides - they accept GB Pounds, Euro, US Dollars and South African Rand.
220-240 volts AC, 50Hz. 15- and 13-amp plug sockets are in use. Plugs used are British-style with two flat blades and one flat grounding blade, or South African style with two circular metal pins above a large circular grounding pin.
Kujwana's horses are the heart and soul of their riding safari and a number are now home-breds. PJ's lead horse Lamu was originally bought as a gelding but it was soon discovered that he wasn't! A beautiful chestnut Saddle-bred he has been used on a number of their mares with great success.
The herd is comprised of ex-racehorses from Zimbabwe, impeccably bred Arabians from South Africa and local Boerperds. PJ and Barney now have a string of over 60 horses chosen for their temperament and suitability. When they are not on safari, the horses are free to graze loose on the grassy molapos of the Delta. A truly fabulous sight! | 2019-04-20T20:39:25Z | https://www.equus-journeys.com/id/60020/horseback-trail-riding-botswana-kujwana-ficheproduit-47430.html/ch/voyage/47430?currency=GBP |
Obamacare Tennessee open enrollment period ended on Jan 31, 2016. It will reopen again on Nov 1, 2016 through the end of Jan 2017. There will still be an opportunity for you to purchase a policy after the open enrollment period is over if you have certain life changing events. Remember that you will need to have coverage to avoid the tax penalty. If you missed the deadline you can still apply for outside insurance to avoid the tax penalty. To Get a free health insurance quote Click here.
Obamacare Tennessee Plans and Networks – Tennessee residents need to have health coverage if they hope to be in line with the law put forth by the Affordable Care Act, or Obamacare Tennessee, as many call it. Fortunately, there are a number of options when it comes to plans and providers. However, the open enrollment period for 2016 is now over. It lasted from November 1, 2015 through January 31, 2016. If you don’t have coverage yet, it means you will not be able to enroll in a plan (on the exchange or off the exchange) until the enrollment opens again in November of 2016.
There are limited ways that you could get on a plan during the year. If you qualify for special enrollment, you could choose a plan. However, you would need to have a qualifying event happen in your life for this possibility. Some potential qualifiers include having a child, moving to the state, getting divorced, or getting married. In addition, Native Americans are able to enroll at any time of the year. Those who are eligible for CHIP and Medicaid can enroll all year long as well.
If you do not have coverage, then you will have to pay a fine to the IRS. The current cost of the fine for adults is $695, and the penalty for those who are under 18 is $347.50.
Understanding the Tiers – When you are eligible to enroll, you will notice that there are several different tiers available in Obamacare Tennessee, each named after a precious metal. These indicate the coverage levels. They start at bronze and then work their way up through silver, gold, and, finally, platinum. The plans that are a part of the bronze tier will have the lowest monthly premiums, but they have the highest out of pocket expenses for things such as copays and deductibles. As you work your way up through the tiers, this changes. At the top level are the platinum plans. These have the highest of the monthly premiums, but the out of pocket expenses are very low. The plans will cover 90% of your costs.
Obamacare Tennessee Providers – When you are going through the exchange for Obamacare in Tennessee, you will have four different providers from which you can choose. These include Blue Cross Blue Shield of Tennessee, Humana, Cigna, and United Healthcare. Each of the providers then has a number of different plans from which you can choose. Regardless of which plan you have, they will all contain at least the essential benefits including outpatient care, emergency services, treatment in the hospital, maternity and newborn care, addiction treatment and mental health services, prescription drugs, rehabilitative services and devices, pediatric care, preventative services and lab services.
Of course, more expensive plans may have much more than just these essential benefits covered. When you are looking for your plan during the enrollment period, you need to make sure that you enroll in time. However, you also have to make sure that you choose a plan that is best suited to your needs and to your budget. To Get a free health insurance quote Click here.
Getting Coverage for Obamacare Tennessee – To find Obamacare in Tennessee, you will be going through their exchange, which is available at Healthcare.gov. They use the federal exchange, as many states have decided to do. It was easier and more convenient for them than making their own exchange. There have been hundreds of thousands of people who have enrolled in Obamacare in Tennessee over the past few years and if you are planning to follow suit, then you need to understand what to expect.
The Enrollment Period and Special Enrollment for Obamacare Tennessee- The first thing you have to realize is that you need to enroll during the open enrollment period. The open enrollment for 2016 started on November 1, 2015 and went through January 31, 2016. The next open enrollment will not start until November of 2016. If you didn’t enroll when it was open, you will no longer be able to. The only exception is for those who qualify for special enrollment, Native Americans, and those who qualify for Medicaid and CHIP.
Special enrollment is only available for those who have qualifying life events, as determined by the exchange. Some of the most common examples of events that would qualify for a 60-day special enrollment period are getting married, having a child, and moving to the state.
Finding the Plan and Provider – You will then need to look at the different types of plans available. The plans are separated into metal categories or tiers. They include bronze, silver, gold, and platinum. Plans at the platinum level have the highest monthly premiums, but the lowest out of pocket costs. At the opposite end are the bronze plans. They have the highest out of pocket expenses for copay and deductibles, but they have the lowest monthly premiums. Those who are under 30 and in good health could qualify for the catastrophic plans, which are very affordable. Like the bronze plans, they will have high out of pocket costs.
There are a number of companies offering plans on the exchange. You can choose from Blue Cross Blue Shield of Tennessee, Humana, Cigna, and United Healthcare.
All of the plans from the providers will include the essential benefits. These include ambulatory care, emergency services, treatment in the hospital, maternity and newborn care, addiction treatment and mental health services, rehabilitative services and devices, pediatric care, preventative services, lab services, and prescription drugs. To Get a free health insurance quote Click Here.
Paying for Coverage in Obamacare Tennessee – Once you have chosen a plan through the exchange, you will then fill out your application to enroll. At that point, you will start to pay your monthly premiums to the insurance company. If you have tax subsidies, they will go to the company for you each month and lower your payments. It is important to make sure you submit your payments on time each month so you do not have your coverage cancelled. If you do, you will have to wait until the next enrollment to get coverage.
Renewing Obamacare Tennessee Policies – The plans should be renewed automatically each year, so you do not have to worry about it. If the plan you are on is no longer available, the company will let you know so you can look at your other options.
It is always a good idea to check out the different plans each year, even if yours renews automatically. This way, you can get the Obamacare coverage in Tennessee that’s right for you.
For many individuals and families in Tennessee, money is tight. The income they have goes toward bills and food, and sometimes it seems as though there is very little left over. With the arrival of Obamacare, it has caused Tennessee residents to wonder just how they are supposed to pay for health insurance on top of all of their other responsibilities. Some had avoided coverage for years because the prices were too high and now they know that if they don’t pay for coverage, they will still have to pay penalties.
Medicaid and CHIP – Even though Tennessee was one of the 19 states that decided they would not expand their Medicaid coverage, it is still an option for some individuals and families. Those who qualify will be able to receive their healthcare for free and they will have satisfied the requirement of Obamacare, so they no longer have to worry about fines and penalties. The Children’s Health Insurance Program is another option. This is for children and it can help families by providing coverage for the kids, which should make it easier for them to afford Obamacare plans for themselves. When you apply for Obamacare in Tennessee, you will automatically find out if you qualify for any of these coverage types.
Tax Subsidies for Obamacare Tennessee – A large number of people in the state (85% of the people who signed up this year) are going to qualify for tax subsidies. The government realized that many people were going to have trouble paying for coverage, so they introduced this option. When you sign up for Obamacare, if you make between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level, you will qualify for tax subsidies.
You have a choice of how and when to use these subsidies. Some people choose to hold onto them until the end of the year. Then, they apply them to their taxes. It can reduce the amount of taxes they owe. If they were getting a refund, it would increase the amount of the refund. However, with many people living paycheck to paycheck in Tennessee, using the subsidies immediately makes more sense. In that scenario, they would have the subsidies applied to their monthly premiums. This would lower them to the point where the coverage is affordable for more people in the state.
The Plans in Obamacare Tennessee – When you are looking for other ways to save money, take the time to look at the various plans and providers available. You should be able to find a number of different plans in the state, and some will be more affordable than others. All of them will contain the necessary essential benefits including outpatient care, emergency services, treatment in the hospital, maternity and newborn care, addiction treatment and mental health services, prescription drugs, rehabilitative services and devices, pediatric care, preventative services and lab services. There are many different options that can help to make it easier for you to afford the coverage you need.
Having health coverage is actually no longer a choice. If you do not have health insurance coverage through the exchange, your employer, through a private company off the Obamacare exchange, or Medicaid, then you are subject to a penalty that the IRS will collect. The fines for not having coverage are high and getting higher each year. The current fees are $695 for an adult and $347.50 for a child. In 2016, a large number of people in Tennessee applied for coverage, as did millions across the country. Many ended up making some mistakes on their application, which delayed their enrollment. You do not want to make those same mistakes. Let’s look at some of the most common mistakes on the application process.
Missing and Incorrect Information – Many times, people simply do not fill out all of the information required on the form. Whether they miss a section or they don’t think it is important, they are turning in applications that are missing some important info. When you fill out the application, it is important to look at all of the required sections and to provide accurate information. The accuracy of the information entered has been a problem as well. You should always make sure to double-check all of the information on the application including names, birthdays, and Social Security Numbers.
Make sure everyone included on the application is in the right section as well. In some instances, officials have found spouse’s names in the section for dependents. In addition, be sure to include everyone on the application that you want to have covered under a plan. Remember that the changes to the law with Obamacare now allow children who are up to 26 years old to remain on their parent’s coverage.
Incorrect Income – Another issue that the officials have seen is incorrect reporting of income. When you fill out the application, you need to give an accurate (as accurate as possible) account of your income. The amount that you make will determine how much money you may be eligible to receive in tax subsidies. If you report that you make more income than you actually do, it will mean you are not able to get as much in subsidies. However, if you try to take the opposite approach and under report your income as a way to get more in subsidies, you can be sure the IRS will find out.
Not Remembering the Open Enrollment Period for Obamacare Tennessee – Finally, you have to be aware of the open enrollment period. For 2016, the open enrollment was from November 1, 2015 to January 31, 2016. This means it is now closed. You will not be able to enroll for coverage until November of 2016 unless you qualify for special enrollment due to a qualifying event. Always make sure you are within the bounds of the open enrollment when choosing your plan and enrolling. You want to take your time, but you do not want to miss the enrollment or else you will be forced to pay more fines.
One of the big fears that small business owners had when it came to the Affordable Care Act was what it would mean for their responsibilities to their employees. A number of business owners in Tennessee worried that it would cost too much for them to provide coverage and that they would not be able to stay afloat. However, not all small businesses need to provide Obamacare coverage. It depends on several things.
Those companies who do not have more than 50 employees are under no obligation to provide coverage to their employees. However, whenever they bring aboard a new employee, they are required to let them know about Obamacare in Tennessee and how it works, so they can get coverage on their own. You can find the information you need to pass on to your employees through the US Department of Labor.
Consider Enrolling in Obamacare Tennessee- Even though your business might not be required to provide Obamacare coverage to your employees, that doesn’t mean it is a bad idea to consider. You can find some great benefits when you provide coverage to your staff. They will be more likely to want to stay with your company since they have coverage. In addition, it helps to keep them healthy and happy, which can make them more productive while cutting down on absences.
Those who live in Tennessee are well aware that Obamacare is now the law of the land. They understand that the law has overhauled the insurance companies and that it requires people to have coverage. However, they might not understand exactly what all of that entails and how it will affect them. It is important to get a better grasp of what Obamacare will mean to you and your family.
You Need Health Insurance – Health insurance coverage has gone from simply being a good idea to being a requirement. You no longer have a choice of whether you want to have coverage or not unless you are exempt. Some examples for being exempt include religious reasons and being a Native American. If you aren’t exempt, and you don’t have Medicaid or coverage from your employer, then you need to have Obamacare coverage in Tennessee.
Those who do not get coverage will not face jail time. However, they will have to pay a penalty to the IRS. The current penalty is $695 for adults without coverage or 2.5% of their income (they choose whichever is higher) and $347.50 for children with no coverage.
You Must Enroll During Open Enrollment – You can’t simply choose to enroll whenever you like throughout the year. You are required to do so only during the open enrollment. The 2016, open enrollment was from November 1, 2015 to January 31, 2016. It will not open again until November 1, 2017. If you don’t have the proper coverage, it means you will have to pay the aforementioned penalties.
Changes to the Insurance System – Obamacare has brought with it a number of changes to the health insurance system in the United States and many feel these changes are for the better. One of the biggest changes is the fact that an insurance company is no longer allowed to deny someone coverage just because they have a preexisting condition. In addition, they are not allowed to charge those people more because of their condition. They are unable to cancel the policies of these individuals as well, unless they are committing fraud.
Another change is that parents are allowed to keep their children on their coverage until they are 26 years old now. This provides the young adults with more of a cushion while they are in college and starting to make their way through the world.
Plans and Tiers in Obamacare Tennessee- There are currently four providers on the exchange in Tennessee offering Obamacare plans. These include Blue Cross Blue Shield of Tennessee, Humana, Cigna, and United Healthcare. They have a number of different plans that are separated into bronze, silver, gold, and platinum tiers. The bronze tiers have high out of pocket expenses and low monthly premiums. The platinum plans have high monthly premiums and low out of pocket costs.
When you are choosing a plan, it is important to learn as much about Obamacare, as well as the individual plan, as possible. This ensures you know exactly what your plan will cover.
People have been very concerned about what Obamacare will mean for their individual taxes. They aren’t only concerned that they might have to pay more taxes to pay for the system, but they wonder just how the addition of Obamacare will affect how they will pay those taxes. Residents of Tennessee will find that even though there are some changes, they are not overly complicated, and most people will not have any trouble figuring out how to do their taxes.
However, it is important to remember that you need to have some type of coverage if you do not want the IRS to impose penalties on your taxes. The current fines are $695 for adults and $347.50 for children who are under 18 and who do not have coverage. If you do not have coverage, you can expect these penalties on your taxes.
The Forms for Your Taxes – The forms that you will receive will depend on how you get your health coverage in Tennessee. Obamacare recipients will receive a 1095-A, which is the Healthcare Insurance Marketplace Statement. This form will provide you with the information you need to complete your taxes and it should arrive in the mail well before your taxes are due.
If you have coverage through a company that is not on the exchange, then you will receive a 1095-B form. This is called the Health Coverage form. Your insurance company will send this to you before the taxes are due. It proves to the IRS that you have coverage that is deemed acceptable by Obamacare. Those who have health insurance coverage through their employer will receive the 1095-C, called the Employer Provided Health Insurance Offer and Coverage form.
Each of the forms will give you the information you need about your coverage and how it affects your taxes. It also works as proof of coverage, so you should keep it in your files in case there are any issues with the IRS not getting the proper information and trying to charge you a penalty.
If you are waiting for the 1095-A, you actually do need to wait until you receive it before you can submit your taxes. It has information you need. Those who are getting either of the other two forms do not have to wait before they file their taxes.
Doing your taxes with the 1095-A does include a couple extra steps and you do need to wait until the form arrives. However, it is generally considered to be easy for most people to add the information to their taxes. For those who have complicated taxes, though, there is always the chance that it could be confusing. For those individuals, it might be a good idea to speak with a tax professional, which will ensure you fill them out correctly.
File on Time – Always make sure you file your taxes and be sure to file them on time. If you don’t, then the IRS may not allow you to have tax subsidies, which you likely need to help pay for your Obamacare in Tennessee.
What’s New for Obamacare Tennessee in 2016?
In the 2016 open enrollment period for Obamacare in Tennessee, 268,876 people enrolled. This was an increase over the previous year by about 16% and around 48% of the people enrolling in 2016 were brand new to the exchange. This increased number has been promising and it shows that the program is working in the state. Many of the people who enrolled – 85% of them – were able to receive subsidies that help them to lower the amount they are paying for their coverage.
The Enrollment Period Is Over for Obamacare Tennessee – The open enrollment for 2016 lasted from November 1, 2015 to January 31, 2016. It will not open again until November of 2017. The only way that you will be able to enroll in a plan, whether it is on the exchange or off the exchange, is if you have a qualifying event. Examples of qualifying events include having a child, moving to the state, and getting married. Native Americans are allowed to enroll at any time of the year, and they do not have to have any qualifying event to do so. In addition, those who are eligible for Medicaid and CHIP can enroll in those plans throughout the year.
The Available Providers – This year, one of the providers that was offering Obamacare in Tennessee is no longer available. Community Health Alliance stopped operations because the regulators felt that there was too great of a chance that it could fail in 2016, which would have caused more problems in the market if it happened in the middle of the year. They ceased operations and gave the people who were currently on plans with them plenty of time to find other plans from different providers during the open enrollment. A number of co-ops closed as well.
Still, there are four providers who are on the exchange and who are offering plans. These include Blue Cross Blue Shield of Tennessee, Humana, Cigna, and United Healthcare. In addition, there are four off market providers that have plans that will satisfy your requirements for Obamacare in Tennessee. They include Tennessee Rural Health, United Healthcare Life Insurance Company, Aetna, and Freedom Life Insurance Company of America.
Each of the plans from these providers include the essential benefits – ambulatory care, emergency services, treatment in the hospital, maternity and newborn care, addiction treatment and mental health services, prescription drugs, rehabilitative services and devices, pediatric care, preventative services and lab services.
Rates Are Climbing in Obamacare Tennessee – One of the things that many who are on Obamacare in Tennessee are unhappy about in 2016 is the increase in rates. Blue Cross Blue Shield of Tennessee is seeing the largest of the rate increases. The average rate increase is 36.2%. Since this provider accounts for 72% of the market share in the state for individuals, this means that many people are going to be paying more for their coverage this year.
Humana is also seeing an increase. Their increase is a more modest 5.8%. Cigna will see a 0.4% increase, and United Healthcare will not see any increases this year.
These are the major changes and increases that residents of Tennessee should be aware of concerning Obamacare in 2016.
You no longer have a choice of whether you are going to get health insurance or not, unless you want to pay a hefty penalty. With the arrival of the Affordable Care Act several years ago, it has brought out opponents and proponents in droves and there are still people arguing about the flaws and merits of the system. Regardless of personal feelings, it is important to realize that it is now the law, and that means you need to have coverage. Before praising or condemning the system too much, it is a good idea to look at the cons and the pros that Obamacare has for residents of Tennessee.
Cons of Obamacare Tennessee – One of the biggest issues that people have when it comes to Obamacare is not the overhaul of the powers of insurance companies, but rather the fact that the new law takes choice out of the equation for citizens. Even though it is a good idea to have insurance coverage, people dislike being told that they have to buy coverage or face a fine. They wish they had the ability to forego coverage and not have to pay a fine. The current fines are quite high. Adults who do not have coverage will be paying a fine of $695 per year, or 2.5% of their income, whichever is higher. The penalty for those who are under 18 is $347.50.
Another one of the issues that some people have with the system is the limited enrollment period. If they could enroll at any time of the year, they would likely have less of a problem with it. However, as the system is set up now, residents of Tennessee in need of Obamacare, as well as in other states, have to enroll during the open enrollment period. If they miss the open enrollment, which is generally from November to January, they are unable to enroll in a program and will have to pay a fine unless they are able to qualify for special enrollment.
Pros of Obamacare Tennessee – Of course, even though there are these cons to Obamacare, that certainly doesn’t mean it is all bad. In fact, there are a number of great things that Obamacare has helped to bring about in the health insurance field. One of the biggest benefits is that insurance providers are no longer able to deny coverage to someone who has a preexisting condition. In addition, they can’t increase the premiums for someone just because they have a condition.
Another one of the benefits helps residents of Tennessee to pay for their coverage. Tax subsidies will help with the costs, and many individuals and families will qualify for them. The amount of subsidies you will receive will depend on your level of income as well as the number of people in your family.
Regardless of what you think about Obamacare, you will have to get coverage of some sort if you plan to comply with the law. Take the time to find a good plan during the open enrollment to get the coverage you need.
If you are a resident of Tennessee and you don’t have Obamacare coverage yet, it might be due to the fact that you want to learn more about the system. You probably have a few questions that you would like answered before you sign up during the next open enrollment. Let’s look at some of the most common questions that people have when it comes to Obamacare so you can have a better idea of what you should expect.
Is Coverage Really Necessary? – In the past, having health insurance was a good idea, but it wasn’t required. Today, that’s different. Since the Affordable Care Act went into effect, it means that you need to have coverage that satisfies the Obamacare requirement. If you have Medicaid, CHIP, or coverage through your employer, then you do not need to go through the exchange for coverage. In addition, if you are specially exempt because you are a Native American or because of religious reasons, you will not have to get coverage. The majority of the people in the state will need coverage though.
What Happens If You Don’t Have Coverage? – One of the misconceptions that people had about Obamacare is the belief that if you don’t have insurance you will have to go to jail. That’s not the case. However, the IRS will impose penalties on you. The current penalties are quite high. They are $695 for adults (or 2.5% of their income) and $347.50 for children without coverage.
What Providers Are Available for Obamacare Tennessee? – In the state of Tennessee, Obamacare plans on the exchange are offered by just four different providers – Blue Cross Blue Shield of Tennessee, Humana, Cigna, and United Healthcare. Even though there are only four carriers in the state on the exchange, there are also providers who are off the exchange, but who still provide coverage that satisfies the Obamacare requirements. These other four companies are Tennessee Rural Health, United Healthcare Life Insurance Company, Aetna, and Freedom Life Insurance Company of America.
What Are the Essential Benefits? – No matter which provider and plan you choose, you will find that they are all going to offer at least the 10 essential benefits. The essential benefits include ambulatory care, emergency services, treatment in the hospital, maternity and newborn care, addiction treatment and mental health services, prescription drugs, rehabilitative services and devices, pediatric care, preventative services and lab services. Many of the plans will offer more than just these services, so it is always important to see exactly what your plan will feature.
Does Your Preexisting Condition Mean You Can’t Get Coverage? – One of the biggest problems with the health insurance system before these changes with Obamacare occurred was that many insurance companies would deny coverage, raise rates, and cancel coverage on people who had a preexisting condition or who developed a condition. The new law makes it so this is no longer possible. You can get the coverage you need.
These are some of the most commonly asked questions regarding Obamacare today. Make sure you have answers to all of your questions before you choose a plan.
When the Affordable Care Act passed several years ago, it meant that everyone, in all states in the country, would be required to have health coverage. You will need to have a plan that is approved by Obamacare to provide you with the coverage needed to satisfy the law. This could be one of the programs available through the exchange, but it doesn’t have to be. Those who qualify for Medicaid, as well as those who have coverage through their employer or through another company that provides adequate care, would satisfy the law’s requirements.
No Expanded Medicare – There are 32 states in the country that decided to expand their Medicaid coverage, which would allow for more people to get onto Medicaid who might not be able to afford the cost of healthcare. 19 states chose not to expand Medicaid, and, unfortunately, Tennessee is one of those states. This means it is more difficult for many individuals and families to get help paying for their health coverage.
Limited Number of Providers – Each state has certain carriers that offer plans for their residents. In Tennessee, there are currently only four options when it comes to providers. This is smaller than it is in many states around the country. Residents in Tennessee who need Obamacare can check out the plans that are available from Blue Cross Blue Shield of Tennessee, Humana, Cigna, and United Healthcare. One company that had offered coverage last year is no longer available in Tennessee. Community Health Alliance shut down.
Regardless of the provider or plan that you choose, you are able to receive the essential benefits at a minimum. The essential benefits include outpatient care, emergency services, treatment in the hospital, maternity and newborn care, addiction treatment and mental health services, prescription drugs, rehabilitative services and devices, pediatric care, preventative services and lab services.
Keep in mind that even though all of the plans contain these benefits, they may have a number of other features and offerings. When you are choosing your provider and plan for Obamacare in Tennessee, you will want to know everything that your plan does and does not include, so you can choose the one that makes the most sense for your needs.
In addition to the companies offering coverage through the exchange in Tennessee, there are four additional carriers that offer plans outside of the exchange. They include Tennessee Rural Health, United Healthcare Life Insurance Company, Aetna, and Freedom Life Insurance Company of America.
You Will Still Have Subsidies – One of the nice things about the Obamacare system is that many individuals and families will qualify for tax subsidies. There was concern that these subsidies might go away this year, but the Supreme Court ruled that the subsidies are legal in all states, including Tennessee. If this had not been approved, then Tennessee carriers would have had to resubmit their rates. There are many similarities in Obamacare in Tennessee and in other states. However, it is important for residents to understand the differences when it comes time to look for their plans.
To Get a free health insurance quote Click here. You can also call the phone number below to speak to a live agent. | 2019-04-24T18:37:36Z | https://obamacareplans.co/obamacare-tennessee/ |
The 1942 USGS topo map depicted the Brennan Airpark as an irregularly-shaped outline with an unlabeled propeller symbol on the east side of Fairfield.
The date of construction of this small general aviation airport has not been determined.
Brennan Airpark was not yet depicted on the September 1942 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Ron Plante).
The earliest depiction which has been located of Brennan Airpark was on the 1942 USGS topo map.
It depicted an irregularly-shaped outline with an unlabeled propeller symbol on the east side of Fairfield.
The earliest aeronautical chart depiction which has been located of Brennan Airpark was on the March 1944 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Ron Plante).
It Brennan as an auxiliary airfield located adjacent to the east side of the town of Fairfield.
Brennan Airpark was depicted in an unchanged fashion on the December 1944 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Ron Plante).
as that is how it was depicted on the February 1948 San Francisco Local Aeronautical Chart (courtesy of Tim Zukas).
It depicted Fairfield-Suisun as having a 3,500' unpaved runway.
The only dated photo which has been located of the Fairfield Suisun Air Park was a 3/8/48 USGS aerial view.
with a few small buildings & 14 single-engine aircraft on the southeast corner.
The 1949 USGS topo map depicted Fairfield Suisun Air Park as having a few small buildings on the southeast corner.
showing a massive Air Force RB-36D with Fairfield Suisun at the bottom-right.
Kriby Stevens recalled, “Fairfield Air Park... In the mid-1950s, the airpark was run by A.D. 'Bert' Waite.
He would buy surplus AT-6 & BT-13 airplanes, remove the engines & install them in Stearman biplanes & make them into cropdusters.
I got the front half of BT-13 & had it in my garage. Bert was an A&P inspector for the FAA as well as a pilot.
He had several interesting planes on the field besides the AT-6s & BT-13s.
I remember getting rides in his Cessna T-50, Howard, Ryan PT-19 as well as Taylorcraft & Ercoupes.
as it was no longer depicted on the March 1961 San Francisco Local Aeronautical Chart (courtesy of Tim Zukas).
The 1969 USGS topo map still depicted the Fairfield Suisun Air Park in an unchanged fashion.
The 1980 USGS topo map depicted streets having been constructed over the site of Fairfield Suisun Air Park.
A 1993 USGS aerial photo showed no remaining recognizable trace of Fairfield Suisun Air Park.
A 4/16/13 aerial photo showed no remaining recognizable trace of Fairfield Suisun Air Park.
The site of Fairfield Suisun Air Park is located northwest of the intersection of Highway 12 & Village Drive.
A circa 1955-56 aerial view of the Travis Aero Club Airport.
yet it was a completely separate & distinct airfield from the primary airfield on the base.
It was created purely for the purposes of the base flying club.
as it was not yet depicted on the 1953 USGS topo map.
Wayne Bomar recalled, “My father, Maj. William Bomar, was a C-124 pilot at Travis from 1955-59.
At age 15 I joined the Aero Club while it was still operating out of the Vaca-Dixon airport.
which depicted several light civilian aircraft parked amidst a few small buildings.
The layout of the Travis Skypark, from a 1957 brochure for the Travis Flying Club (courtesy of Wayne Bomar via Christopher Latham).
It depicted the field as having a single northeast/southwest runway, parallel taxiway, and a ramp & 2 buildings on the southeast side.
The Club was described as having 8 aircraft, including T-34 Mentors on loan from the Air Force.
According to Wayne Bomar, “I soloed there [at the Travis Skypark] in 1957.
The club acquired a 1928 Consolidated Fleet in 1958.
was on the April 1959 San Francisco Local Aeronautical Chart (courtesy of Paul Columbus).
It depicted “Travis” as a private airfield having a 2,000' unpaved runway.
depicted the field as having a paved runway & a crosswind unpaved runway.
A 1965 aerial view of the Travis Aero Club Airport showed several light planes & several Quonset huts.
the Travis Aero Club runway was an oil-topped surface.
depicted the Travis Aero Club Airport as having a 2,000' unpaved runway.
described the Travis Aero Club Airport as having a single 2,000' turf runway.
and a cluster of small buildings on the southeast side.
A 4/22/68 USGS aerial view depicted the Travis Aero Club Airfield as having a paved runway, parallel taxiway, and a ramp with 10 light aircraft.
showed the field to consist of a single northeast/southwest runway, with a ramp along the south side of the field.
as the 1980 USGS topo map depicted the field as having a single paved northeast/southwest paved runway.
Christopher continued, “The club's condition around 2005-2006 was not good.
and 60th Services Squadron hardly had any money to fix the airfield, the aircraft, and the clubhouse.
We would have been closed within a year or two if we stayed.
described the field as having a 2,000' asphalt Runway 4/22 & a 1,600' turf Runway 16/34.
The field was said to have a total of 21 based aircraft, including 1 multi-engine aircraft.
The manager was listed as Mike Caudell.
A 2005 aerial view depicted the Travis Aero Club Airport as having a total of 15 light aircraft visible on the field.
A circa 2001-2006 aerial view looking north at the Travis Aero Club ramp.
as a private field having a single 2,000' paved runway.
A 2006 aerial view by Christopher Latham, looking northeast after departing the Travis Aero Club Airfield's Runway 22 in a Cessna.
thus closing the last airport operated exclusively by an Air Force Aero Club.
because it sits in the middle of land which has been determined to be important for “environmental” reasons.
Yet that kind of logic is perfectly fine to justify closing an operating airport.
“At the time of our closing, Runway 22/4 was 2,000' x 50'. Runway 16/34 was closed.
because there was no room at the main base to relocate the aero club.
flying around between C-5s, KC-10s & the new C-17s that are arriving at Travis.
and we are the only one that cannot relocate (to the main base at Travis).
Travis had no room for us on the ramp.
Christopher continued, “Environmental was not the only reason.
There was a piece of property on the departure end of [Runway] 22.
as long as the Travis Aero Club was still in operation.
and a club house either at Nut Tree Airport in Vacaville or on the main base at Travis.
(which we didn't want to because it would have caused a conflict of interest).
plus there was no room at all on Nut Tree to build.
Christopher continued, “So Rio Vista took us in with open arms.
and there was room for us to build our hangars.
We shut down operations at the Travis Aero Club field on April 15, 2006.
I was the last flight out of there that day.
we are currently waiting on a lease from the city so we can start building our hangars.
I have a brand new 2006 Piper Archer III & a Cherokee 6XT with air conditioning & the Avidyne Entegra panels.
I have 2 more Archers arriving late this year.
And on top of that, THERE ARE HOUSES ENCROACHING ON THE NEW RIO VISTA AIRPORT!
That's pretty much the last chapter in the Travis Aero Club field.
and showed 5 light single-engine aircraft parked on the ramp.
although closed-runway 'X' symbols had been pained on the runway within the previous 2 months.
An August 2013 photo by Ron Plante looking southwest at the Travis Aero Club Airport.
Ron reported, “All the buildings are gone, only 2 above-ground aviation gasoline tanks remain.
An August 2013 photo by Ron Plante of the Travis Aero Club runway.
A 2016 aerial view looking west showed the the Travis Aero Club Airport runway remained intact.
The Travis Aero Club Airport is located northwest of the intersection of Hickam Avenue & Hospital Drive.
Thanks to Vanessa Grigsby for pointing out the closure of this airfield.
when they were used to transport seedlings from the facility to other parts of California.
Photo is courtesy of Dan Lang of the CDF, via Dann Shively.
The date of the photo is unknown, but the Keystone B-3 did not enter service until late 1930.
or if the bombers just operated from an open grass area.
According to Dann Shively, “The California State Nursery near Davis was established in the early 1920's.
of 2 Army DeHaviland bombers which were used to transport seedlings from the facility to other parts of California.
nor listed among active airfields in The Airport Directory Company's 1938 Airport Directory (according to Chris Kennedy).
was on the 1939 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Dann Shively).
It depicted “Davis” as an auxiliary airfield.
(courtesy of Dan Lang of the CDF, via Dann Shively).
as that is how it was listed in The Airport Directory Company's 1941 Airport Directory (courtesy of Chris Kennedy).
with the longest being the 2,608' east/west strip.
A hangar was said to be marked with “State Forestry Airport”.
depicted the field as “Davis”.
The 1946 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Dann Shively) depicted “State Forestry” as an auxiliary airfield.
The State Forestry Airport, as depicted on the 1947 USGS topo map.
depicted “State Forestry” as having a 2,600' unpaved runway.
The 1952 USGS topo map did not depict the airfield at all.
depicted the State Forestry Airport as having a 2,300' unpaved runway.
The last photo which has been located of the Davis State Forestry Airport was an 8/21/57 USGS aerial view.
It depicted the State Forestry Airport as having a single east/west unpaved runway.
was on the September 1962 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Chris Kennedy).
It depicted the State Forestry Airport as having a 2,300' unpaved runway.
Note that it also depicted the new El Macero Field in very close proximity.
as it was no longer depicted on the 1967 Sacramento Sectional Chart or the 1970 USGS topo map.
No trace of the airfield was visible on a 1970 USGS aerial photo.
taken from the same perspective as the 1940 aerial photo.
The site of the State Forestry Airfield is located south of the intersection of Interstate 80 & County Road 105.
Thanks to Dann Shively for pointing out this airfield.
El Macero Airfield, as depicted on the September 1962 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Chris Kennedy).
No airfield was depicted at this location on the 1952 USGS topo map.
According to Dann Shively, “In the 1960s a golf course & country club was developed on the east side of Davis.
On the east end of the golf course was a small grass airstrip running north/south.
The date of construction of the El Macero Airfield has not been determined.
It depicted El Macero as a public-use field having a 3,300' hard-surface runway.
Note that it also depicted the California State Forestry Airport in very close proximity.
depicted El Macero as a private field with a 3,100' unpaved runway.
The 1968 USGS topo map depicted El Macero as a single north/south runway on the east edge of the golf course, labeled “Landing Strip”.
Dann Shively recalled, “Although private, many pilots would use it for practice.
There were no facilities there except for a windsock.
The only photo which has been located of the El Macero Airfield was a 3/21/70 USGS aerial view.
and 1 light single-engine plane was visible parked along the west side of the midpoint of the runway.
was on the 1970 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Dann Shively).
It depicted El Macero as a private field having a 3,100' unpaved runway.
was in the 1980 AOPA Airport Directory (according to Chris Kennedy).
It described the “El Macero Country Club” Airfield as having a single 3,100' turf Runway 16/34.
as it was no longer depicted at all on the 1992 USGS topo map.
A 2006 aerial photo by Dann Shively looking north at the site of the former El Macero Airfield.
Dann observed, “There is no evidence an airstrip existed.
Jensen Airport, as depicted on a circa 1949-50 Sacramento city map (courtesy of Curtis Carroll, via Dann Shiveley).
which honors Charlie Jensen (courtesy of Dann Shively).
This small airport was built by agricultural aviation pioneer Charlie "Red" Jensen.
and at 18, he became the first licensed airplane mechanic in California.
although he also worked as an aerial advertiser, ran a charter service, operated a flying school & flew as a fire fighter.
yet several times he used his flying skills to rescue injured fire fighters & miners & carry flood victims to safety.
at what is now Sacramento Executive Airport.
When a growing number of legal restrictions began to hinder his business, he bought land across the street from the airport & opened Jensen Field.
City officials tried, but couldn’t stop the move.
The date of establishment of Jensen Airport has not been determined.
The earliest depiction which has been located of Jensen Airport was a 1947 aerial photo (courtesy of Dann Shiveley).
Dann Shively observed, “It clearly shows the airstrip & hangar with nothing around it but just a half block away from Sacramento Municipal Airport.
It was mainly a crop duster field, but others kept their small planes there as well.
Charlie operated from Executive Airport for years.
He was kicked off because the cropdusting operation didn't mesh well with the airport (or so the city thought).
They probably didn't like bull Stearmans taking off at 5:30am.
So Charlie just bought up a bunch of land across the street & built his own airport. Kind of an 'in your face' move.
It was a fun place to hang out. And the landings & takeoffs were always interesting.
Some of the planes had no radios so you couldn't talk to the tower just down the street.
It had a definite pattern that was smaller & lower than Executive Airport's.
If you did contact the tower, it was for advisories only.
The controllers couldn't clear you to takeoff or land; just let you know what was around you."
Jensen Airport was not yet depicted on the 1949 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Chris Kennedy).
Red Jensen flew his own Travelaire in Howard Hughes’ World War 1 movie "Hells Angels", for which he provided planes.
At one point he had 53 planes in his fleet & he could fly them all.
His membership in the Confederate Air Force was his pride & joy.
"Mr. Ag Aviation" was the title given Jensen by the California Agricultural Aircraft Association, which he founded.
He held the California Department of Agriculture Aerial Applicator License Number 1.
A circa 1950s aerial view looking southwest at Jensen Airport.
Note the 3 TBM Avengers, with their wings folded, below the main hangar.
Photo is used by permission of the Jensen family, courtesy of Dann Shively.
depicted Jensen Airport as having a 1,700' unpaved runway.
to receive the Lawrence D. Bell Helicopter Pioneer Award.
Red saw helicopters as the future of agricultural aviation.
He was planning a helicopter school. He had a dream, more than many men.
Jensen Airport, as depicted on the 1957 USGS topo map.
with 2 hangars on the northeast end, around which were parked a few aircraft.
A 4/27/63 photo (courtesy of Bob Fish) of a TBM Avenger at Jensen Field.
According to the plane's logbooks, it had been converted by Red Jensen into a waterbomber in 1962.
This same plane is on display (as of 2004) on the USS Hornet museum in Alameda, CA.
but the number of aircraft parked on the field had increased to a dozen.
A circa 1960s business card for C.T. Jensen, (courtesy of Dann Shively).
as having a 1,700' unpaved runway.
Airbearfed recalled, “ I landed here once in 1970-71 to pick up a part for a TBM.
A 1974 photo of Charlie Jensen (used by permission of the Jensen family, courtesy of Dann Shively).
A 1975 photo looking east at Dann Shively landing his Aeronca Champ at Jensen Field (courtesy of Dann Shively).
Dann recalled, “In the background is Charlie's junk pile; tanks, steel, containers etc.
In the background the control tower from Sacramento Executive Airport can be seen.
A still from a circa 1975 16mm film shot by Phil Schroeder at Jensen Airport (courtesy of Dann Shively), showing the machine shop & workshop.
of “a Piper Cub landing. You can see that we scared a lot of motorists on the approach.
“of Charlie eating lunch in front of the main hangar.
A 1976 photo looking west at Dann Shively in his Bell 47 at Jensen Field, on the day he got his helicopter license (courtesy of Dann Shively).
Dann recalled, “I took my future wife for a ride & landed over at Jensen to show Charlie, himself a helicopter pioneer.
A 1980 aerial view by Dann Shively looking southeast at Jensen Field.
Dann observed, “It shows Charlie’s big hangar with Executive Airport hangars in the background a block away.
Just to the left of the hangar you can see one of his TBM bombers.
The other 2 had been sold at this point. On the lower left was his shop building & just above that the little building that held the bathrooms.
taken on the day of the auction of the aircraft & supplies of the late Charlie (Red) Jensen.
"You can see the runway, shops & main hangar. You can see many of the aircraft & parts that were up for sale.
There were mostly Stearmans, some Pipers & a couple of BT-13s. His 3 TBMs had already been sold."
According to Dan Shively, Jensen Airport "closed after the owner's death in 1980.
At the time of his death the field was home to about a dozen small planes & our own news helicopter.
He was an amazing guy."
with warehouses & a new street covering the site of the former airport.
A 2003 photo by Dann Shively of the warehouse buildings that now sit on the location of the former runway of Jensen Airport.
Dann Shively visited the site of Jensen Airport in 2003.
"On the property now lies commercial buildings.
There is no evidence an airport ever existed."
adjacent to the west side of Sacramento Executive Airport.
Vaca Dixon Airport, as depicted on the 1948 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Jonathan Westerling).
was on the 1948 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Jonathan Westerling).
It depicted the field as having a 2,500' unpaved runway.
also described Vaca-Dixon Airport as having a 2,500' unpaved runway.
as having 2 runways, oriented north/south & northeast/southwest.
A 1955 CA Highways Map (courtesy of Kevin Walsh) depicted Vaca-Dixon Airport as having only a single runway.
until their own airport was constructed.
depicted Vaca-Dixon as having a 2,300' unpaved runway.
The 1962 AOPA Airport Directory described Vaca-Dixon Airport as having a single oiled 2,300' Runway 18/36.
was an August 1964 photo by Bill Larkins of a Travel Air 4000 sprayer.
depicted the field as having 2 unpaved runways.
depicted Vaca Dixon Airport as having a 2,000' unpaved runway.
with a single 2,060' "treated dirt" runway.
Vaca-Dixon Airport, as depicted in the 1968 Flight Guide (courtesy of Chris Kennedy).
showed the field to have 2 runways & several buildings on the north side of the field.
as the 1973 USGS topo map labeled it as "Airport Abandoned".
the 1973 USGS topo map also depicted a 1,900' runway, oriented approximately 3/21.
Three small buildings (hangars?) were also was depicted west of the northern runway end.
as a total of 6 light aircraft were visible at the north end of the field.
Vaca-Dixon Airport closed (for reasons unknown) in 1995.
the runways & hangar still existed, just devoid of any aircraft.
Vaca-Dixon was no longer depicted at all (even as an abandoned airfield) on 2002 aeronautical charts.
A 2003 aerial view by Jonathan Westerling, looking southeast at the remains of the Vaca-Dixon Airport.
A 2003 aerial view looking west at the former Vaca-Dixon Airport, by Dann Shively.
A 2003 aerial photo by Dann Shively, looking southeast at the hangar which remains at the former Vaca-Dixon Airport.
Dann Shively flew over the former Vaca-Dixon Airport & visited the site at ground-level in 2003.
"It's hard to even see the runways from the ground as they're pretty much overgrown.
I did manage a shot from the south looking north.
It shows the buildings shown in John Westerling's aerial shot.
There's a large white container box on the left.
and on the north end another building that may have been the office."
The airport site is adjacent to the southeast side of Interstate 80, north of Weber Road.
The Vaca Valley Raceway is adjacent to the airport site to the east.
Vacaville Gliderport, as depicted on the 1957 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Chris Kennedy).
this airfield was originally a private field known as the Shady Grove Airport.
The date of construction of Shady Grove Airport has not been determined.
on the 1951 USGS topo map nor on the March 1954 USAF Sacramento Sectional Chart (according to Chris Kennedy).
as that is how it was labeled on the 1957 Sacramento Sectional Chart (according to Chris Kennedy).
It was described as having an unpaved 2,000' runway.
and listed the operator as George Kotsotas.
depicted Vacaville Airport as having a 2,100' paved northeast/southwest runway.
with a single 2,100' asphalt runway.
The 1968 USGS topo map depicted the Vacaville Airport as havin a single northeast/southwest unpaved runway with several buildings on the northwest side.
The earliest photo which has been obtained of the Vacaville Airport was a 1970 (from the Alexandria Digital Library @ UC Santa Barbara, courtesy of Jonathan Westerling).
It showed the field to have a single northeast/southwest runway with a hangar on the north side of the field.
under the name of Vacaville Soaring.
showed a total of at least 19 aircraft (mostly gliders) around a small building on the northwest side of the field.
as that is how it is depicted on the 1980 USGS topo map.
One small hangar also was depicted west of the northern runway end.
or Vac-Aero (appropriate because it was the site of an old Mexican land grant & pueblo homestead, hence vaquerro).
An early 1980s photo by Patrick Burke of N88281, a 1974 Bellanca 7KCAB at Vacaville Gliderport, with an unidentified biplane & Cessna 150/152 in the background.
the field was apparently well used, as a total of at least 19 gliders & single-engine aircraft are visible on the field.
In 1984, the field was taken over by Dr. Mayes & Lagoon Valley Soaring.
with 11,000 glider tows per year being conducted from the site.
leaving his son, Rex Mayes, to operate the airport.
with a single 2,100' paved runway.
where it operates now under the name Valley Soaring Association.
The Vacaville Gliderport closed in 1994.
the runway still existed in a somewhat deteriorated state, but no buildings remained standing.
Vacaville Gliderport was no longer depicted at all (even as an abandoned airfield) on 2002 aeronautical charts.
A 2003 aerial view by Jonathan Westerling, looking southeast at the remains of the Vacaville Gliderport runway.
A 2003 photo by Dann Shively, looking east at the remains of the Vacaville Gliderport runway.
"As you you can see the runway still shows signs of being plowed years ago.
Nothing is left of the airport.
The office & hangars were near the big trees on the left of the photo.
This area is a pristine part of nature between Fairfield & Vacaville in a little valley.
There were huge plans to develop the area commercially in the early 1990s.
plans progressed but were eventually shelved because of a downturn in the economy.
Now, it appears those plans are on the move again.
So presumably at some time all traces will be erased."
The airport site is adjacent to the east side of Interstate 80, north of Lagoon Valley Road.
Antioch Airport, as depicted on the 1947 USGS topo map.
as it was not yet depicted on a 1939 aerial photo nor on the 1946 San Francisco Sectional Chart (courtesy of Dann Shively).
The earliest depiction which has been located of the Antioch Airport was on the 1947 USGS topo map.
According to K.O. Eckland, in 1948 the Antioch Airport consisted of a 2,100' dirt runway.
The earliest photo which has been located of the Antioch Airport was a 1949 aerial photo.
It depicted Antioch as having 2 unpaved runways: one oriented east/west & another oriented northwest/southeast.
A hangar & a single light aircraft were visible on the north side of the field.
was on the 1954 San Francisco Sectional Chart (courtesy of Dann Shively).
It depicted Antioch as having a 2,500' unpaved runway.
described Antioch Airport as having 2 runways, with the longest being a 2,500' oiled strip.
depicted the field as having 2 runways: one oriented east/west & another oriented northwest/southeast.
and the number of aircraft parked outside had increased to 6.
Donna Demarest reported that her father, Dave Demarest, started “'Little David's Sky Circus” at Antioch.
at which time only the Eastern half of the runway was paved.
There was an older man named Bass McKinney, who had a J-3 Cub on the airport when my father bought the place.
He had been involved with the airport at its founding, which I think was centered around a flying club.
and included the note "Skydiving N of the runway."
Terry Graham recalled, “When I moved from my mother’s home in Texas to the Airport on January 1, 1964, the runway was paved full length.
There was a pilot’s lounge & office between the red-roofed building & the runway about midfield.
The red roof building was the original shop & we lived in a small mobile home just to the north of it.
The tarmac extended westward as can be seen in your photo, with the fuel pumps on the west edge of the tarmac.
and there were only 2 rows of aircraft tie-downs behind to the East of the red roofed building.
My father developed the skydiving business until it became the premier West Coast operation, famous all over the World.
Dave Demarest, indeed, was involved & led the club for years; while we ran the operations.
the former east/west runway was no longer apparent, with the northwest/southeast runway being the only one then evident.
A 5/26/69 USGS aerial view showed that the number of aircraft parked outside at Antioch had increased to over 20.
Antioch airport was home of a bustling parachuting operation in the late 1970s.
The target area was in a field across the road.
the field was apparently well used, as a total of at least 30 aircraft were visible on the field.
According to Terry Graham, “Jerry [Graham, airport owner] was a bigger than life personality who you either loved or hated.
There are many stories & intrigues surrounding my father’s life; and all are true to some extent.
He sold the airport sometime in the early 1980s to a retired football player/ investor, Gordon Gravelle.
the Fixed Base Operator at Antioch was Tedco Aviation.
According to Terry Graham, Tedco was evidently Antioch's FBO after the airport was sold by Jerry Graham.
a parallel taxiway, ramp, and several hangars.
was on the 1990 San Francisco Sectional Chart (courtesy of Dann Shively).
It depicted Antioch as a private airfield with a single 2,500' paved runway.
Antioch Airport was evidently closed at some point between 1990-93.
as a 1993 USGS aerial view looking southwest showed that the airport had already been closed, but the airfield remained largely untouched.
The closed Antioch runway was used in 1993 by a radio-controlled model aircraft club.
in the north face of the long hangar building along the runway on the East end of the airport.
A 2001 aerial photo showed that the Antioch Airport site had been completely redeveloped with a housing development.
now a high school & housing development.
since according to the recent aerial photographs, it was being actively redeveloped.
I was hoping that I could get there while the east half of the property still retained some of the historic airport structures.
Unfortunately all remains of the airport have been obliterated.
The west half of the property is part of a massive housing development called "Black Diamond Canyon".
The eastern half is now a just-completed high school."
Terry Graham reported in 2009, “Today, all the surrounding hills have been bulldozed & used as fill for new residential developments.
A 2017 aerial view looking southwest shows no trace remaining of Antioch Airport.
Antioch Airport was located southeast of the present-day intersection of Mount Hamilton Drive & Golf Course Road.
The original Rio Vista Airport was labeled simply as a “Landing Strip” on the 1952 USGS topo map.
as it was not yet depicted on the 1946 Sacramento Sectional Chart (courtesy of Dallam Oliver-Lee).
The earliest depiction of Rio Vista Airport which has been located was on the 1952 USGS topo map.
It depicted a single paved east/west runway, labeled simply as “Landing Strip”.
The earliest photo of Rio Vista Airport which has been located was a 10/15/52 USDA aerial photo (courtesy of Dallam Oliver-Lee).
It depicted the field as having 2 runways (oriented east/west & northwest/southeast).
An 8/23/57 USDA aerial photo (courtesy of Dallam Oliver-Lee) depicted Rio Vista as having 2 paved runways (oriented east/west & northwest/southeast).
Two small buildings & 3 light aircraft were visible on the southeast side of the field.
along with a ramp on the southeast side with 2 buildings.
The 1961 Sectional Chart (courtesy of Dann Shively) depicted Rio Vista as having a 2,500' hard-surface runway.
The 1962 AOPA Airport Directory described Rio Vista Airport as having 2 runways.
The 1966 USGS topo map continued to depict a single paved runway, labeled simply as “Landing Strip”.
with a single 2,180' asphalt runway.
and showed 3 single-engine aircraft parked outside.
The 1969 USGS topo map depicted 2 paved runways, but still labeled simply as “Landing Strip”.
depicted the field as having 2 paved runways.
Rio Vista Airport, as depicted on the 1976 Pilot's Guide to CA Airports (courtesy of Chris Kennedy).
as having 2 paved runways: the 3,200' Runway 7/25 & 1,960' Runway 14/32.
A 1978 aerial view depicted 6 light aircraft on the field.
A 1982 street atlas (courtesy of Kevin Walsh) depicted the original Rio Vista Airport as 2 runways labeled simply as “Landing Strip”.
Aerial view of the original Rio Vista Airport in 1982, looking west, copyright by John Hockenbury (used by permission).
“It occupies an approximately 0.5-mile square tract of land situated on the northern edge of the city.
and a shorter, narrower crosswind runway, aligned NNW/SSE.
as a total of at over 20 aircraft were visible on the field.
Ramps along the south & east sides of the field had several hangars.
when it was replaced by the new Rio Vista Municipal Airport, 2 miles to the northwest.
The original field was still depicted as an abandoned airfield on 1998 aeronautical charts.
A 2003 photo by Jonathan Westerling, "Looking up the old Runway 14 at the original Rio Vista Airport.
This was the smaller (1,900') cross runway of which only the northern 1,000' remain intact."
the primary runway at the original Rio Vista airport."
but still indicates landing Runway 25."
Jonathan Westerling visited the site of the original Rio Vista Airport (as well as the new Rio Vista Airport) in 2003.
it is because the city has built a brand new airport to take its place.
a new airfield was constructed just 2 miles north of the old one.
but aging & restricted geographically from further growth.
the decision was made to invest in a new field rather than upgrade the old one.
and a new police station have been built on the property.
The easiest place to view the old runways is from the intersection of Airport Rd. & St. Francis Way."
A circa 2006 aerial view looking west at the remains of Rio Vista's Runway 25 (with markings still visible) & several hangars.
A 2015 aerial view looking north showed portions of several runways & several hangars remaining at the site of the original Rio Vista Airport.
A 6/2/18 aerial view by Gonzalo Curiel looking northwest at the remains of the original Rio Vista Airport. showing portions of several runways, taxiways, ramps, and several hangars which remain. | 2019-04-18T12:53:40Z | http://airfields-freeman.com/CA/Airfields_CA_SacramentoSW.htm |
REFERENCE TITLE: state law; local violation; repeal.
repealing section 41-194.01, Arizona Revised Statutes; amending sections 42-5029 and 43-206, Arizona Revised Statutes; relating to state shared revenues.
Section 41-194.01, Arizona Revised Statutes, is repealed.
1. Payments of estimated tax under section 42‑5014, subsection D.
2. Revenues collected pursuant to section 42‑5070.
3. Revenues collected under this article and article 5 of this chapter from and after June 30, 2000 from sources located on Indian reservations in this state.
4. Revenues collected pursuant to section 42‑5010, subsection G and section 42‑5155, subsection D.
5. Revenues collected pursuant to section 42‑5010.01 and section 42‑5155, subsection E.
B. The department shall credit payments of estimated tax to an estimated tax clearing account and each month shall transfer all monies in the estimated tax clearing account to a fund designated as the transaction privilege and severance tax clearing account. The department shall credit all other payments to the transaction privilege and severance tax clearing account, separately accounting for the monies designated as distribution base under sections 42‑5010, 42‑5164 and 42‑5205. Each month the department shall report to the state treasurer the amount of monies collected pursuant to this article and articles 4, 5 and 8 of this chapter.
C. On notification by the department, the state treasurer shall distribute the monies deposited in the transaction privilege and severance tax clearing account in the manner prescribed by this section and by sections 42‑5164 and 42‑5205, after deducting warrants drawn against the account pursuant to sections 42‑1118 and 42‑1254.
1. Pay twenty‑five percent to the various incorporated municipalities in this state in proportion to their population to be used by the municipalities for any municipal purpose.
(a) The proportion that the population of each county bears to the total state population.
(b) The proportion that the distribution base monies collected during the calendar month in each county under this article, section 42‑5164, subsection B and section 42‑5205, subsection B bear to the total distribution base monies collected under this article, section 42‑5164, subsection B and section 42‑5205, subsection B throughout the state for the calendar month.
(i) The proportion that the assessed valuation used to determine secondary property taxes of each county, after deducting that part of the assessed valuation that is exempt from taxation at the beginning of the month for which the amount is to be paid, bears to the total assessed valuations used to determine secondary property taxes of all the counties after deducting that portion of the assessed valuations that is exempt from taxation at the beginning of the month for which the amount is to be paid. Property of a city or town that is not within or contiguous to the municipal corporate boundaries and from which water is or may be withdrawn or diverted and transported for use on other property is considered to be taxable property in the county for purposes of determining assessed valuation in the county under this item.
(ii) The proportion that the distribution base monies collected during the calendar month in each county under this article, section 42‑5164, subsection B and section 42‑5205, subsection B bear to the total distribution base monies collected under this article, section 42‑5164, subsection B and section 42‑5205, subsection B throughout the state for the calendar month.
(b) If the proportion computed under subdivision (a) of this paragraph for any county is greater than the proportion computed under paragraph 2 of this subsection, the department shall compute the difference between the amount distributed to that county under paragraph 2 of this subsection and the amount that would have been distributed under paragraph 2 of this subsection using the proportion computed under subdivision (a) of this paragraph and shall pay that difference to the county from the amount available for distribution under this paragraph. Any monies remaining after all payments under this subdivision shall be distributed among the counties according to the proportions computed under paragraph 2 of this subsection.
(a) The department of revenue sufficient monies to administer and enforce this article and articles 5 and 8 of this chapter.
(b) The department of economic security monies to be used for the purposes stated in title 46, chapter 1.
(c) The firearms safety and ranges fund established by section 17‑273, fifty thousand dollars derived from the taxes collected from the retail classification pursuant to section 42‑5061 for the current fiscal year.
1. If there are outstanding state school facilities revenue bonds pursuant to title 15, chapter 16, article 7, each month one‑twelfth of the amount that is necessary to pay the fiscal year's debt service on outstanding state school improvement revenue bonds for the current fiscal year shall be transferred each month to the school improvement revenue bond debt service fund established by section 15‑2084. The total amount of bonds for which these monies may be allocated for the payment of debt service shall not exceed a principal amount of eight hundred million dollars exclusive of refunding bonds and other refinancing obligations.
2. After any transfer of monies pursuant to paragraph 1 of this subsection, twelve per cent of the remaining monies collected during the preceding month shall be transferred to the technology and research initiative fund established by section 15‑1648 to be distributed among the universities for the purpose of investment in technology and research‑based initiatives.
3. After the transfer of monies pursuant to paragraph 1 of this subsection, three per cent of the remaining monies collected during the preceding month shall be transferred to the workforce development account established in each community college district pursuant to section 15‑1472 for the purpose of investment in workforce development programs.
4. After transferring monies pursuant to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this subsection, one‑twelfth of the amount a community college that is owned, operated or chartered by a qualifying Indian tribe on its own Indian reservation would receive pursuant to section 15‑1472, subsection D, paragraph 2 if it were a community college district shall be distributed each month to the treasurer or other designated depository of a qualifying Indian tribe. Monies distributed pursuant to this paragraph are for the exclusive purpose of providing support to one or more community colleges owned, operated or chartered by a qualifying Indian tribe and shall be used in a manner consistent with section 15‑1472, subsection B. For the purposes of this paragraph, "qualifying Indian tribe" has the same meaning as defined in section 42‑5031.01, subsection D.
(a) In fiscal year 2001‑2002, $15,305,900.
(b) In fiscal year 2002‑2003, $31,530,100.
(c) In fiscal year 2003‑2004, $48,727,700.
(d) In fiscal year 2004‑2005, $66,957,200.
(e) In fiscal year 2005‑2006 and each fiscal year thereafter, $86,280,500.
6. After transferring monies pursuant to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this subsection, seven million eight hundred thousand dollars is appropriated each fiscal year, to be paid in monthly installments, to the department of education to be used for school safety as provided in section 15‑154 and two hundred thousand dollars is appropriated each fiscal year, to be paid in monthly installments to the department of education to be used for the character education matching grant program as provided in section 15‑154.01.
7. After transferring monies pursuant to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this subsection, no more than seven million dollars may be appropriated by the legislature each fiscal year to the department of education to be used for accountability purposes as described in section 15‑241 and title 15, chapter 9, article 8.
8. After transferring monies pursuant to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this subsection, one million five hundred thousand dollars is appropriated each fiscal year, to be paid in monthly installments, to the failing schools tutoring fund established by section 15‑241.
9. After transferring monies pursuant to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this subsection, twenty‑five million dollars shall be transferred each fiscal year to the state general fund to reimburse the general fund for the cost of the income tax credit allowed by section 43‑1072.01.
(a) Forty per cent shall be allocated for teacher compensation based on performance.
(b) Twenty per cent shall be allocated for increases in teacher base compensation and employee related expenses.
(c) Forty per cent shall be allocated for maintenance and operation purposes.
F. The department shall credit the remainder of the monies in the transaction privilege and severance tax clearing account to the state general fund, subject to any distribution required by section 42‑5030.01.
G. Notwithstanding subsection D of this section, if a court of competent jurisdiction finally determines that tax monies distributed under this section were illegally collected under this article or articles 5 and 8 of this chapter and orders the monies to be refunded to the taxpayer, the department shall compute the amount of such monies that was distributed to each city, town and county under this section. Each city's, town's and county's proportionate share of the costs shall be based on the amount of the original tax payment each municipality and county received. Each month the state treasurer shall reduce the amount otherwise distributable to the city, town and county under this section by one thirty‑sixth of the total amount to be recovered from the city, town or county until the total amount has been recovered, but the monthly reduction for any city, town or county shall not exceed ten percent of the full monthly distribution to that entity. The reduction shall begin for the first calendar month after the final disposition of the case and shall continue until the total amount, including interest and costs, has been recovered.
H. On receiving a certificate of default from the greater Arizona development authority pursuant to section 41‑2257 or 41‑2258 and to the extent not otherwise expressly prohibited by law, the state treasurer shall withhold from the next succeeding distribution of monies pursuant to this section due to the defaulting political subdivision the amount specified in the certificate of default and immediately deposit the amount withheld in the greater Arizona development authority revolving fund. The state treasurer shall continue to withhold and deposit the monies until the greater Arizona development authority certifies to the state treasurer that the default has been cured. In no event may the state treasurer withhold any amount that the defaulting political subdivision certifies to the state treasurer and the authority as being necessary to make any required deposits then due for the payment of principal and interest on bonds of the political subdivision that were issued before the date of the loan repayment agreement or bonds and that have been secured by a pledge of distributions made pursuant to this section.
I. Except as provided by sections 42‑5033 and 42‑5033.01, the population of a county, city or town as determined by the most recent United States decennial census plus any revisions to the decennial census certified by the United States bureau of the census shall be used as the basis for apportioning monies pursuant to subsection D of this section.
J. Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, on notice from the department of revenue pursuant to section 42‑6010, subsection B, the state treasurer shall withhold from the distribution of monies pursuant to this section to the affected city or town the amount of the penalty for business location municipal tax incentives provided by the city or town to a business entity that locates a retail business facility in the city or town. The state treasurer shall continue to withhold monies pursuant to this subsection until the entire amount of the penalty has been withheld. The state treasurer shall credit any monies withheld pursuant to this subsection to the state general fund as provided by subsection D, paragraph 4 of this section. The state treasurer shall not withhold any amount that the city or town certifies to the department of revenue and the state treasurer as being necessary to make any required deposits or payments for debt service on bonds or other long‑term obligations of the city or town that were issued or incurred before the location incentives provided by the city or town.
K. On notice from the auditor general pursuant to section 9‑626, subsection D, the state treasurer shall withhold from the distribution of monies pursuant to this section to the affected city the amount computed pursuant to section 9‑626, subsection D. The state treasurer shall continue to withhold monies pursuant to this subsection until the entire amount specified in the notice has been withheld. The state treasurer shall credit any monies withheld pursuant to this subsection to the state general fund as provided by subsection D, paragraph 4 of this section.
L. Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, on notice from the attorney general pursuant to section 41‑194.01, subsection B, paragraph 1 that an ordinance, regulation, order or other official action adopted or taken by the governing body of a county, city or town violates state law or the Constitution of Arizona, the state treasurer shall withhold the distribution of monies pursuant to this section to the affected county, city or town and shall continue to withhold monies pursuant to this subsection until the attorney general certifies to the state treasurer that the violation has been resolved. The state treasurer shall redistribute the monies withheld pursuant to this subsection among all other counties, cities and towns in proportion to their population as provided by subsection D of this section. The state treasurer shall not withhold any amount that the county, city or town certifies to the attorney general and the state treasurer as being necessary to make any required deposits or payments for debt service on bonds or other long‑term obligations of the county, city or town that were issued or incurred before committing the violation.
A. The urban revenue sharing fund is established. The fund shall consist of an amount equal to fifteen percent of the net proceeds of the state income taxes for the fiscal year two years preceding the current fiscal year. The fund shall be distributed to incorporated cities and towns as provided in this section, except that a city or town shall receive at least an amount equal to what a city or town with a population of fifteen hundred or more persons would receive. The transfer of net proceeds prescribed by section 49‑282, subsection B does not affect the calculation of net proceeds prescribed by this subsection.
B. Each city or town shall share in the urban revenue sharing fund in the proportion that the population of each bears to the population of all. Except as provided by sections 42‑5033 and 42‑5033.01, the population of a city or town as determined by the most recent United States decennial census plus any revisions to the decennial census certified by the United States bureau of the census shall be used as the basis for apportioning monies pursuant to this subsection.
C. The treasurer, on instruction from the department, shall transmit, no later than the tenth day of each month, to each city or town an amount equal to one‑twelfth of that city's or town's total entitlement for the current fiscal year from the urban revenue sharing fund as determined by the department.
D. A newly incorporated city or town shall share in the urban revenue sharing fund beginning the first month of the first full fiscal year following incorporation.
E. On receipt of a certificate of default from the greater Arizona development authority pursuant to section 41‑2257 or 41‑2258, the state treasurer, to the extent not otherwise expressly prohibited by law, shall withhold from the next succeeding distribution of monies pursuant to this section due to the city or town the amount specified in the certificate of default and immediately deposit the amount withheld in the greater Arizona development authority revolving fund. The state treasurer shall continue to withhold and deposit the monies until the authority certifies to the state treasurer that the default has been cured. In no event shall The state treasurer shall not withhold any amount that is necessary, as certified by the defaulting political subdivision to the state treasurer and the authority, to make any required deposits then due for the payment of principal and interest on bonds of the political subdivision that were issued prior to before the date of the loan repayment agreement or bonds and that have been secured by a pledge of distributions made pursuant to this section. | 2019-04-18T20:43:29Z | https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/54leg/1R/bills/HB2577P.htm |
I was awoken early in morning on July 10th this year. My hubbie was already out the door and had started his day. I was alone in my room. There was a distinct scent stirring in the air that woke me up. My nose went to work like a famous detective even though I was still lying in bed. I knew what it was- Cinnamon! The sweet fragrance of cinnamon filled my room. In my somewhat drowsy state, I began to process how this could be? Hum… Doug was gone and Angela my niece was sleeping the room next door. Maybe Doug fixed cinnamon rolls? No, he loves to make breakfast, but he’s a salty, not a sweetie (well at least like that), so he wouldn’t have made something sweet – that’s usually my job.
I decided to just relax and bask in whatever godly manifestation was taking place even though my heart was racing. I was overwhelmed with His love. As the fragrance dissipated slowly, I got up and went immediately to my bible. What does this mean? And how would I look it up? I decided to Google cinnamon in the bible. Where is it found and how was it used?
One the first places in the bible cinnamon is found is in Exodus 30:22 “Then the Lord said to Moses, “Take the following fine spices: 500 shekels of liquid myrrh, half as much (that is, 250 shekels) of fragrant cinnamon, 250 shekels of fragrant calamus, 500 shekels of cassia —all according to the sanctuary shekel—and a hin of olive oil. Make these into a sacred anointing oil, a fragrant blend, the work of a perfumer. It will be the sacred anointing oil”.
There are several references to cinnamon specifically in the bedroom which also caught my eye, written mostly by King Solomon himself.
Proverbs 7:17 says “I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon.” The bed is being treated in an ornate fashion for one he loves.
I also looked at how Cinnamon is made – basically – ripped from the bark, scrapped, boiled and pressed. The best cinnamon is from the younger shoots. I am the youngest of four children and I’m pretty sure that I went through the whole process of being ripped, scrapped, boiled and pressed these past two years!
With the help of God’s word and just experiencing what I had, I knew two things: I was immensely loved by my Maker and I had been given some sort of gift, although I didn’t know quite know what. I decided to put on my walking shoes and go for my morning stroll. As I rambled by a concrete driveway connected to the blacktop area, I began to smell Honeysuckle and Jasmine – these are two very distant fragrances. I looked around for the bushes and checked the headwind to see where it might be coming from. (Now this is understandable that I’d be looking because of what had happened earlier in the morning) Guess what? No bushes in sight just two distinct and intense fragrances! It was happening AGAIN! I continued on my walk praising God for my extraordinary day and listened for God to speak to me. Even though I felt special, it humbled me. When I returned from my walk, I had to pass the same spot. There was no odor in the air, when I pass that time.
1) I was anointed for a purpose: I think I had smelled Anointing Oil! I was anointed! I was being set apart.
2) Increased Creativity: Three days after this strange encounter, I sat down to work on my book. I started writing and the entire outline of the book fell into place from start to finish. I have been working on it for a couple years, not knowing how to present my thoughts. I would just write, but nothing fit together. It was just scattered pieces of a story.
3) God deeply loves me: It is not that God loves me more than any other; He just wanted me to know it in a larger individual way.
Jasmine – the gift – deep love.
Here is her website. http://www.heavenscentministries.org/ if you want check it out.
I don’t know anything about her; however in reading through her site, she appears to be a deep seeker of the Lord with a special gift. I think I may understand her now better than most! Her name is Karen Elengikal and is quite an author, photographer with incredible prophetic gifts.
I have not since had any more unusual fragrances since that day, but just thinking about it, takes me instantly back to July 10th in my spirit. As I end this crazy blog, I rest in the fact that something creative was birthed or should I say exploded, my book is an expression of praise birthed out of struggle, but most of all wouldn’t you just know it… it’s about deep love!
So you won’t see many blogs here for awhile, but I will drop in for an occasional chat. Right now, I am busy typing for a higher calling.
My friend Steve usually has inspiring things to post. A few days ago, he posted a thought that I really enjoyed. In a simplified version, it said something like this, “We become what we behold”- Now this statement is quite intriguing to think about. The responsibility of making change in my life really rests in my pursuit of God. I mused this around in my head for awhile and turned it inside out, then I started thinking in reverse. Not only should we behold God, but we can do so with the knowledge that God beholds us!
Now the biblical definition of behold is to fix the eyes upon, to see with attention, and to observe with care. The depth of His concern goes even further. It is the difference between just feeling what someone is going through and actually living what they are going through, almost “Avatarish.” As usual, it reminded me, of a little story that illustrates it so well.
The summer of 2007 was incredibly exciting for us. Our daughter was getting married in July. June found most of our family in Lewiston, Idaho to watch the Collegiate World Series. Even more exciting was that not only was our son, Ben playing, but also our future son-in-law, Brad. Brad was also recognized as a Champion of Character at the Opening Ceremonies. Our young men’s team didn’t win the title, but we all had a great time.
Upon losing the final round that knocked us out of contention, both families gathered at the hotel Jacuzzi for a little R & R. For those who know our daughter Bethie, know that she is always in motion. I guess it’s a gift a kindergarten teacher needs! It was of no surprise to us that she made herself a human ball and was rolling around beneath the surface of the water. The rest of us including Brad’s family, sat around talking and being entertained by the strange moving fish in the middle of the Jacuzzi. Acknowledging how tired we were, we left toward our rooms. It was then we all noticed that Bethie’s hair was green. No worries, nothing that a warm shower wouldn’t fix.
Hours later, both families met in the lobby to plan dinner. Bethie was a late, but finally slinked by the front desk with red, swollen eyes. It was then I saw her new garden glow. Her long blonde hair had been transformed into long flowing lettuce leaves. The Jacuzzi had dyed her hair! I don’t mean a faint color of green, I mean GREEN! The lobby was disconnected into a sea of strange interactions. I was trying to console Bethie, while her brother was beside himself with hysterics. To say that Bethie was horrified was a real understatement. She couldn’t block out the thought that in just six weeks she’d be walking down the aisle with hair looking like the inside of an Easter basket! Brad saw her falling apart. I guess he looked deeper than the rest of us. He beheld her.
In the middle of trying to figure out what to do in lobby, Brad had disappeared. He had slipped away to do something purposely in his compassion. Some may have called it crazy, and some may have called it kind of cute. When we finally found Brad, his hair was dripping wet. He had been out at the Jacuzzi dipping his head in the water. If his bride was going to be green, then so would he. They would go through it together. We all laughed, but can I tell you he scored huge points with his lady? He understood her.
What would compel this young man to do something so drastic? Simple – love. He didn’t even quite think it through, he just reacted. Well, our heavenly Father goes even further than a head of hair dipped in water when He beholds us. He lived our life. Ever wonder if God “gets” you? This is a God that knows what it is like to be rejected, to lose a loved one, to have to believe for each meal and be homeless, to have friends and family disappoint you, to have people question your gifts, and to be tormented by evil and Jesus certainly knew the full measure of pain. He understands because of His purpose driven life for us. Once again, as I behold Him, I’m floored by the depths of His unending love and how He beholds you and me.
I may be slow, but I get it!
A few years ago my sister told me the funniest story I think I’ve ever heard. ABC could have used it for one of their sitcoms. The scene took place in her Tennessee front yard driveway on an extremely rainy day. Now here in California, we don’t quite understand the kind of rain they get in Tennessee. We’re talking about water falling from the sky with volume more like a Niagara waterfall rather than our California mist. My sister, Anne had returned from Walmart with her trunk full of groceries. Knowing she was going to have to battle the deluge, She bundled herself up tightly. Raincoat zippered all the way up-Check, Hood anchored in place- Check, Ready, Set, Go! Out she dashed to open the trunk and get into the house as quick as possible. She still had her keys in her hand, so she dropped them smoothly into her right pocket and grabbed the grocery sack. In lightening speed, she slammed the trunk shut.
Here’s where it all went downhill. She turned to run to the house, but couldn’t move. Against all odds, the trunk had closed on her jacket. Anne scrambled through her purse only to realize that she had put the keys in her pocket. The hungry trunk had managed to devour the whole lower right side of the jacket- pocket included! The pocket containing the keys was now INSIDE the closed trunk!
So, here is my big sister standing attached to her car in the pouring rain holding a bag of groceries. As fate would have it, it was a minimum day at her school. She left work about mid-day, so unfortunately, her cul-de-sac that early was a ghost town. If she was going to get rescued, she would have to do it herself. Anne slowly unzipped the jacket and removed the hood. Rain pelted and soaked her once dry hair and skin. She tried to slither downward to no avail. Since the rain had made a great lubricant, her best chance was to pull herself up on the car and try to squeeze herself out of the top of the jacket like a banana. After the strange aerobics and weird contortions, the wet worm was finally free. She turned to see her partially unzipped jacket hanging from the back car, like snake whose skin had been shed.
Seizing her bruised victory, she dashed for cover and remembered that her home was locked too. The next feat was to climb in an unlocked window. As Anne’s last leg swung over the window pane, she heard her phone ringing. She picked up the phone cradle to only to hear her neighbor’s voice. The neighbor was calling to ask her how her day had gone. She also told Anne that someone had left a grocery sack in the rain and did she know that a coat was hanging out of the back of her trunk? This is a story that will go down in history only seconded by the time she ripped the gas pump off at the gas station., but that’s another tale….
I was reminded of this silly story last night when I went to see the new movie, “Battleship". There’s a scene in the movie when the hero is faced with personal loss, is overwhelmed with his situation and feels so inadequate for a role of leadership he is being thrust into. He is holding back. As the crisis builds, his heart cries out for him to rise out of his despair and become the man he was destined to be. I found myself yelling to the movie screen, “he needs to step it up!” At the same time, I heard God speak to my own soul, “Yep, Lynn- you need to step it up!” There are places in my life where I have “trunked” the keys to the very things that have the ability to serve me, just like my sister’s ordeal and that movie!
What was God speaking to me about? Well, let’s get real and name a few of the phrases I tuck away and sit on. “I can do anything, in Christ!” God delights in using me!” ” If I don’t know how, nothing is impossible”, “My strength perfect in my weakness” “I’m going to succeed and God will be glorified.” “Why not me?” “My heavenly Father can finance anything endeavor! “, “God will make a way, where there seems to be no way with my time!” and there are more. These messages, I lock deep in my own trunk, but why? When they hold the keys of opportunity for daily living and for some of the bigger things God is calling me into. Keeping myself locked out, hinders me from going places, such as a car without a key. It robs me of taking possession of what is my inheritance! The key to my dwelling! And even worse is, if I don’t have my keys, who does? My security is compromised. I can be robbed of my God given identity!
It’s high time that my keys get out of the trunk of my stupid thoughts. Keys are a symbol of power, authority and security, so why waste time questioning if we should even use them? How crazy is the picture of the wet woman stuck to her car in a rainstorm holding a bag of groceries? So thanks God, I got a good mental picture of how ridiculous Your view of me is at times. I’m working on it.
When you pull the lid off a tuna can, it makes a snapping sound as the last corner of the metal lid detaches from the side of the container. This is how I felt this past weekend. I am still buzzing with grace and love since the lid of favor continues to overflow in my life. It doesn’t mean only good things happen, but it does mean, I know how to see His goodness in all things! And yes, I feel like my heart and my soul snapped into a new place of recognizing the depth of my Father’s love. In the core of my being, I understand I am loved, but as God continues to peel the lid off my eyes- “Overwhelmed” is the only word that even comes close to my response.
I was privileged this past weekend to attend a hospital Foundation benefit for women who need cancer screenings and treatment, but can’t afford it. It was entitled, “For the Women We Love.” This function was work related but so much more for me, so I bought an extra ticket for my man. The cost of a ticket, was the cost of a mamogram. The venue was brightly decorated. There were pink cloth napkins shaped into ribbons and outlandish bras dangled from tall vases in the center of each table. On the wall were 3 twelve foot posters of women the Foundation had helped. Sitting at my table was one of these ladies - a little weathered, but none the less here! During the moving evening, the host asked every cancer survivor to stand to their feet. As I rose from my chair, I looked around the room of 400 and saw perhaps twenty five or so people who fought the fight with me. My heart was humbled as it exfoliated to expose the depth of the grace I have been afforded.
Some folks standing were not just people in the room that had fought the monster cancer, but they also were people who struggled with life issues to begin with. The crisis of cancer was the added lump of destruction- the icing on the cake, so to speak. As I heard their stories, my insides churned. The biggest enemy of their souls was gripping fear. It went from fear, and then encompassed families breaking down, loss of homes and jobs with no insurance. Fear led to despair and many were not at peace with God. I am thrilled to say, the Foundation stepped in. They treated these women with respect and were able to make a huge difference in their lives by offering free treatment! One lady was able to save her home because of their intervention.
As emotions fluctuated between my undeserving guilt and walking in kingdom grace, I mentally started taking note at the warm blanket of generosity that the Lord had draped over me and my family. My story is supernatural and nothing of my own strength. The first thing God covered me with in the very beginning, was Love. You see, Love casts out Fear. I honestly can say I never walked in fear of death or life. I win no matter what! Future and hope, I danced in. As for my hubbie, he not for sale! There are no words for his daily and continued sacrifice to me. He constantly thinks of ways to serve me or bless me and not just what he thinks he’d like to give me, but what I really want. He listens! We also weren’t hit financially, my income actually increased during treatment, because I had purchased a $30 a month Aflac cancer policy a year before –so like God to go before me! To this day, I don’t know why I bought it. There was no threat of losing my home – I actually inherited it and remodeled it! I re-tiled the bathroom during chemo! I was never in physical pain, just frustrated at the length of time for this inconvenience to end, even though I understood how serious it was. Lastly, the best part of everything has been this incredible close relationship with God like never before. His voice is so clear at times to me, I am astounded.
So I’ve been meditating on this whole thing this week. What does one do with all these overpowering feelings? SNAP?!! Well...Yes! I have finally snapped! My tuna lid is off! I’m just going to swim in God’s pure delight. I won't be able to stop myself, because it will compel me to serve even more.
I saw my hubby with his mouth hung open and he stared in disbelief.
Next to the table with plates is a tall china cabinet. A few days earlier before this incident, Doug and I had discussed that the china cabinet would look better in the corner. On a whim of a moment, he got behind the loaded table to move the cabinet by himself. His focus and attention was on the glassware inside the cabinet, unaware of the stack of plates on the table. In the end, the cabinet got moved, but my plates got shattered.
Looking at the aftermath, the warzone only lasted a brief moment before I screamed with delight! “These are beautifully colored pieces!” “Quick, let’s get a box to save them!” Doug was looked at the mad woman he was married to and shook his head. He was staring at the mess and damage; However, I was seeing a work of art! “These broken bits and pieces are great for making mosaics!” I rambled on. I usually have to settle and use tile or marbles when making my mosaics. There is nothing like a great colorful plate! I have to wait for an event like this to happen, or the “mercier” in me, feels too bad for the plate.
Our little story got me thinking. Maybe God looks at our broken lives as an opportunity for some of His best handiwork? A shattered life may just have the colored hues of humility needed for the mosaic He is creating. I don’t believe He causes the entire calamity, but He certainly knows how to use opportunities to make us dazzling glimpses of His glory. Today, I’m asking to look at life deeper with His eyes, instead of mine – most of us sit around and call ourselves idiots and beat up ourselves with “Why?” questions when crisis hits. Or worse, why try gluing something back together that will never be right again, when we need to move on. This is normal human response, but radically thinking- maybe “shattered” is just fine. What if God in His compassion is holding us when problems arise, but is also dancing around with delight because His creation is taking shape? When we see as God does, we can relax knowing that something beautiful is around the corner because He always has plan!
What Teleological Wonder God is!
William Paley introduced a teleological argument for the existence of God. He likened the universe to a watch, with many ordered parts working in harmony to further some purpose. Just as the complexity, order, and purpose of a watch implies intelligent design, he suggested, so too the complexity, order, and purpose of the universe implies intelligent design. Modern teleological arguments tend to focus on the “fine-tuning” in the universe, the fact that it is exactly as it needs to be (“fine-tuned”) to support life.
I got a great analogy of planned order and unplanned order yesterday. It reminded me of how God is in control of the big picture and interested in the fine details of even a single human. As I lay waiting for my surgeon to take me to the operating room, Doug and I sat playing Battle Yahtzee on his Ipad. We bantered back and forth (since we are not the least bit competitive – yeah -right! Did I mention I won? ) Doug took a look at the floor beside my bed and his eyes flickered worry. He said, “You are bleeding out” I leaned over and saw a large puddle of blood that had started a river to my curtained neighbor’s bed. Doug summoned help and all of the sudden we had 6 people working on the new bio-hazard I had created. Apparently the tubing from the IV had an unseen slice in it which made my IV act as a pump onto the floor.
The funny thing is I have to donate a pint of blood next week for my surgery in subsequent weeks. I will most likely need a transfusion for that surgery. I laughed and said, “Well, there’s my donation.” It was there it hit me. – An unplanned donation of blood such as yesterday has the ability to kill or render someone completely weak. In sharp contrast,a planned donation of blood has the ability to save lives -the bible says that “life is in the blood” How true the Word is!
As we look at little episode of me yesterday with blood pouring out onto the floor and put it on a macro level it is a picture of an unplanned life, unaware of what is happening around them and ultimately on a course for death. How many times do I let myself walk in this area of nonchalance not giving my all to Him or keeping Him first because I want to do what I want to do? I’m not talking about the big issues in life; I’m talking about the fine-tuning God is interested in. It still has the power to destroy.
The picture of a blood donation is totally different- Jesus shed his blood for us because it is part of God’s divine plan for us and it is part of His intelligent design. He has a plan and that plan is life and life more abundantly. How often do I stay in tune to His purpose in my life and plan accordingly? God never misses the details in our lives. It is beyond my thoughts that He is so big to create the universe, yet so intimate to create the smallest particles with life. What an amazing wonderful God that I somehow I am part of His plan! It’s a teleological wonder! We all have purpose! | 2019-04-23T17:52:40Z | http://lmjramblings.blogspot.com/2012/ |
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nTalents.ai is a sales competency evaluation solution which uses online audio-video simulations to evaluate soft skills and customer facing attributes of salespeople. After an extensive research with professors at IIMB and other management institutes, they have decoded the key soft skills and behaviors which predict sales performance – and a consistent and accurate way to measure them.
The team of experienced psychologists, data scientists and human resource professionals have created a revolutionary product utilising over two decades of extensive research. The ‘Talent Discovery Framework’ developed by the team enables accurate and fast-tracked soft skill evaluations and the benchmarking of scores using machine learning algorithms ensures consistency of results. This method delivers profound insights because, unlike traditional tests, the nTalents.ai assessment measures the skills in a audio-visual simulated environment, rather than depending on lengthy survey-like questionnaires.
nTalents is on a mission to provide the growing corporate sector with top quality salespeople and help them sell more.
Pi31’s flagship product Airim helps enterprises automate high touch sales by optimizing buyer experience on company websites. It is currently targeting financial services, software-as-a-service (SaaS) and education industries.
Airim’s proprietary analytics module has helped marketers optimise their website content to be more sales-effective, discover demand for new products and analyze trends in user behavior that are tough to measure using conventional techniques.
Airim’s chatbots and surveying tools help marketers show targeted content to website visitors by asking them what they are looking for. This model has helped mid-sized businesses get 35% more purchases per month and 10X more sales inquiries than a conventional “Contact Us” form.
Started out with a motto to help a small village in Andhra Pradesh, Fabric Monde have now touched the lives of over 600 rural population. Taking into account that the Indian-Hand Made Industry demands supply chain innovation to solve the existing problems effectively, Fabric Monde’s One-Room Franchise model provides a parallel demand side channels to the customers. This strengthens the reach and cuts the prices of products when moved into the hands of the customers. Fabric Mode has evolved from a charity based organisation to a focussed skill development centre which outfitted about 400 women in the last 5 years.
Fabric Monde believes to ‘ Innovate, Impact and Implement’.
Experienced Semiconductor Industry professionals came together to start this venture. Tenxer’s product “Blaze” is a combination of hardware and software that acts as an interface between a PC (through USB / WiFi / BT) to other hardware components / sub-systems through I2C and SPI protocols. The unique differentiator of this product is a Powerful Software ecosystem that helps develop applications rapidly even without extensive software experience. Blaze is a “plug and play” device with making it very robust and user-friendly.
PLACIDVISION technologies, incubated at NSRCEL, Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (IIMB) is crafting the next generation video technologies utilising HEVC content helping content providers, distributors, wireless operators and mobile content providers with -easier and fault tolerant transmissions with reduced bandwidth and storage needs.
Medcync are a stellar crew of doctors and management professionals providing easy-to-understand, verified patient education content created keeping in mind various literacy levels to help save time, increase the doctor productivity, promote the practice and greatly reduce patient anxiety. MedCync enables the patients to identify the problem before its too late. Hence, MedCync plays a vital role in patient safety and entitles the healthcare professionals to shape their relationships with patients.
Bridging the skill gap of engineers, diploma and ITI students in the electrical, mechanical and civil sectors is something Tweak Skills stands for. It offers courses through a flipped classroom model, and imparts hands-on industrial training to the students as per current industrial needs. As a part of the programme, the startup also identifies students with niche skills and provides training in their domains of interest with the help of data science. To deliver quality content, an industry-oriented training curriculum and employment opportunities for the students, Tweak Skills has made strategic partnerships with Builders Association of India (BAI), MSME, Construction Skill Development Council of India (CSDCI), National Institute of Technology (NIT-R), IIMC-Innovation and IIMB-NSRCEL.
Tech Tailor is a pioneering platform for fabricating custom-fitted clothing and tailoring services for consumers anytime online. Customers are enabled to personalise their tailoring needs with aid of Tech Tailor with vast style elements and garment fitting.
ScienceHopper Education Private Limited provides experiential science education services to school children. Our aim is to encourage the spirit of curiosity and questioning in the minds of the young ones and we achieve this by teaching Science in a Hands-on way. We help children imbibe the scientific method by following the scientific inquiry process – hypothesize, experiment, observe and conclude. Our method is hands-on, exciting and fun filled and we engage students through experiments and activities.Our service ‘Lab in the Classroom’ caters to children from Grade 3 to Grade 10. Our program is integrated with the school timetable and aligned to the school syllabus. We are an end-end solution provider. We provide content, kits, a science coach for each experiment and also assessments at the end of the year.
HD provides data regarding numerous services such as restaurants, hotels, lodges, fuel stations, mechanic, emergency numbers, and others with single aim to create your highway journey gracious, convenient, and safe. Highway Delight is inspired by the thought of making your highway journey more delightful by providing verified information of required services on highways on real time location basis, in unbiased and complete form.
Gamatics is India’s largest store for competitive swimwear and coaching instrumentation for serious swimmers. Gamatics has stupendous vary and stock holding of competitive FINA approved race suits in India. They are incorporated with the right infrastructure to support the athletes in various mean such as physiotherapy, injury care, nutritionist consultation. Gamatics reaches out to each of its athletes by the virtue of Sports Analytics ; performance analysis, fan base analysis and they manage to store all the athlete information at a centralised location. We believe streamlining varied aspects in sports trade and take the most effective out of the sports system. We thrive to be “GO TO” organisation for each and every athlete in India for any support they have towards meeting the excellence they’re dreaming of.
Technology is constantly evolving at a rapid pace, and businesses need to adopt it just as quickly in order to remain ahead of their competitiors. TapOn Tech Solutions desires to become a trusted technology partner for all your technology needs, which may include mobility applications and migration to Cloud and IoT. With over 60 years of software industry experience, the founders of TapOn Tech Solutions are experts in managing large and complicated projects. Additionally, they are supported by a young and enthusiastic team of software professionals who are ready to tackle any new challenges.
School of Fish Technologies’ isScheme enables companies to engage with their retailers by enabling a direct communication between the manufacturer-retailer in the last-mile supply chain.The current supply chain systems lack transparency and effective communication channels. With isScheme, manufacturers can feature their products and trade promotions on isScheme. Retailers browse through the products, search, check the schemes, place orders at their convenience. The retailers can provide feedback to the manufacturers. Manufacturers can communicate to thousands of retailers at a click of button.
Get Closer is new establishment that spotlights on CSR Management and usage. They plan to chip away at more CSR related undertakings as this lines up with their craving to do work that has any kind of influence. Workers will be more roused, gainful, and faithful, along these lines decreasing the expenses of enrolment and preparing. A strong, trusted brand and a positive notoriety will make it simpler for customers to draw in top ability. Several services provided by Get Closer are planning , initiating and execute CSR programs, creative team, a PR team, CSR Reporting.
A simple online library of exceptional photographs from skilled artists. Pix My Wall enables the photographers to share content online and immaculately print and framed to beautify a living space. PixMyWall fervently intends to create innumerable opportunities for every photographer to ensure that they are motivated at every step ahead in the future to improve the quality of pictures.
5 Shells develops interactive content delivering training experiences based on Indigenously Created Games. This company is inspired from the famous Indian game of Pachessi or Chaupad in which small sea shells are used instead of dice.
Amagi is the world’s initially cloud-based oversaw communicate benefits and focused on publicising arrangements organisation. Amagi brings straightforwardness, propelled computerisation, and straightforwardness to the whole communicate operation, be it for conventional TV or next generation multiscreen stages. Amagi has arrangements in more than 40 nations, empowering TV systems to dispatch, work, and adapt diverts anyplace on the planet.
At Brizz Tv, the founders have vitally re-designed the for a new age by opening it up for new forms of media, new ad formats and a whole new set of advertisers which is financially rewarding to consumers, service providers and the broadcasters. Brizz Tv have a patent pending deployed tv platform that interfaces TV networks with the world wide web. This introduces the best of the internet to TV homes without any internet connection. Brizz Tv’s distinct products include ‘ Social conversations of TV Shows’, ‘Freemium movies’, ‘Tv App Store’ and iExam, which is India’s first national coaching centre on TV.
Elina Networks builds networking and integrated services code that runs on customary hardware platforms. Elina networking code helps in connecting and securing distributed enterprises cost-effectively and expeditiously. Elina’s intuitive and innovative distributed management framework, combined with a virtualisation design, allows enterprises to provision and manage these services from a single-console, remotely and seamlessly.
This company provides cost effective, non-restrictive, and secure automation solutions for IT and data center operations. One of their products, Epilson, is an automation platform that can be used to convert manual IT or data center operations into automated ones.
Mango Technologies are leading developer of software system for mobile phones. we tend to develop complete solutions for handsets and worked across the complete spectrum of devices-from low value handsets to smart-phones. we’ve developed an entire application framework for mobile phones, and that was specifically targeted at harnessing the complete potential of low value 2G to 3G phones. We are a quick growing & continuously- evolving company providing economical, innovative computer code solutions, and this can be mirrored within the Mango Culture.
Persept Solar offers “Solar Power as a Service” to Indian Industries and commercial establishments by utilising the available rooftop space for captive generation and consumption. In addition Persept Solar offers consultancy services on “Energy Security with Renewable Energy” covering state specific policy regulatory framework, financial commercial technical analysis, terms in power purchase agreement and construction of solar PV plants.
Red Force Labs is a online security research and products company focusing on bringing to market solutions that help verify identities and transactions reliably from any computing device be it owned or shared. (Eg; OTP for online financial services like Online Banking, Online Trading etc.) For the last three years we have been researching the vulnerabilities that plague the internet, its modus operandi and building technologies that help mitigate, fortify networks and thus avert these attacks.
Ttatva Innovations works towards bringing innovative solution ideas that uses through use of “technology for business”. All solutions are built on “t-platform” which makes leveraging niche technologies like NFC, face recognition, and context based computing ready for the usage from their business solutions.
“Yoga is process of elevating oneself through calming down the mind”. Turtle Yogi endeavours to provide support and teaching to all aspects of Yoga. Turtle yogi is a relationship motivated during the time spent change that a tortoise experiences when it pulls back its faculties inwards, i.e.practising Pratyahara, which is the fifth of the eight appendages of established yoga that Patanjali portrays in the Yoga Sutra. Turning inwards is a procedure of changing from a restricted state to a more developed one is what Meghana Joshi, the founder, believes in.
Vayavya Labs is an Electronic System Level (ESL) Design start-up firm. They re-define the Hardware-Software co-design methodology to drive down the costs, time, and effort, involved in System-on-Chip(SoC)/ASIC roll out. They license their patented tools and technology to semiconductor, system design, and operating system & tools. They also offer solutions, system consultancy, embedded services to semiconductor companies operating in the multimedia space.
Voice tech solutions works in the Interactive Voice Response (IVR) domain. They provide an unique value proposition to meet the explosive demands of scalable (IVR) with VoIP capabilities. Voicetech solutions’ offshore developement model produces cost-effective solutions to cater to the needs of existing and emerging IVR markets across the globe.
Zingreel is an elite online streaming service which provides non-resident Indian movie enthusiasts an exciting opportunity to watch movies online licensed in HD quality. Zingreel lays out content homeowners a chance to require their content to international audiences on a similar day of their native theatre unharness and connect with extremely engaged customers. At Zingreel, they tend to continuously search for opportunities to supply one thing new and valuable to our members. we tend to square measure centred on user convenience and attempt to make the most effective potential on-line video expertise.
Zoojoo.be is a game based social wellness platform that leverages on the tremendous power of the trusted social network at our workplace to motivate employees to form healthier habits. Its a platform that brings everyone together. Employees compete with each other to overcome their weekly health challenges. Challenges are customised for each user making the platform extremely adaptive. You can measure and control the impact of wellness on top line parameters like productivity, stress levels etc.
Company Name: PRISTECH TECHNOLOGIES PVT Ltd.
Pristech is an analytics company that helps in adopting the right strategic decisions. We utilise the best analytics tools and methods like predictive analysis to transform information and patterns in structured, unstructured and streams of data into meaningful messages and trends. We resolve few of the burning issues that cause stagnation in business and consumer buying behaviour by delivering optimised cost effective solutions and value for money.
Chippersage provides thorough solutions for english fluency. We believe that fluency in English language can help acquire academic and vocational excellence. We’ve carefully crafted our modules to ensure Listening, Reading, Speaking and Writing skills, all the aspects required for language fluency, are nurtured and strengthened. We, at Chippersage, are committed to delivering learning solutions and tools for all learners irrespective of age and proficiency levels.
Fabshop’s product – Binbag solves the critical problem of waste discovery, marketing and capital for small, medium e-waste processors. By partnering with these processors, Binbag ensures responsible e-waste disposal from collection to compliance for mid-size companies.
Binbag’s mission is to accelerate India’s transition to a circular economy. It works in generating awareness, creating access and empowering businesses in the waste ecosystem.
Binbag was started in October 2014 with door-to-door e-waste collection from retail consumers.
Edukul is an interactive cloud based, e-learning platform for students, offering an ideal combination of an innovative, appealing learning environment for kids.
VenKam’s Call4Kare is a Messaging Device, which when Record button(RED) is pressed records and stores the voice message. When Call button(GREEN) is pressed, recorded message is played to pre-stored mobile numbers.
Elders,Children, Differently abled people, Special Children.
Emergency device in cars and automobiles to reach help during accidents.
Help-line device with an eco-system for apps such as Ola, Uber, Big Basket, etc – Liaison between people who are not tech savvy and digital applications.
deMITasse Energies designs and manufactures a new generation of engine that generates power extremely efficiently, reliably and inexpensively, with zero emissions. The power generated, as clean reliable electricity, enables the users to achieve peak performance and higher plant efficiencies with drastically reduced energy spendings, and no “power anxiety”. Energy intensive industries such as the telecom, transportation & shipping, chemical and power industry are our primary targets.
AlmaNourisher, child nutrition and wellness firm, bridges the nutrition gap in children by partnering with schools and pre-schools. Right nutrition during childhood leads to healthy physical, social and psychological well-being of a child.
Hence, our nutrition solution aims to structure the school nutrition programs, by addressing the critical nutrition needs in children that help to raise healthy eaters and co-create a nourished environment. It is therefore committed in getting schools, parents and children to engage in a healthy lifestyle.
SKILLFINITY is an Ed-Tech company committed to build engineering talent for automotive software companies. The company is a brainchild of a team with strong background in automotive software engineering. Skill development programs from SKILLFINITY are designed to be long, immersive and are delivered in a blended model with online and classroom sessions ensuring effective learning to transform the aspiring engineer to an automotive engineering talent. SKILLFINITY provides cost advantage to automotive companies by reducing their recruitment and skill development efforts. SKILLFINITY brings engineering talent with right mindset and automotive companies together enabling increase in productivity and product quality.
The Climber is an EdTech company that helps students make informed Career choices through mentorship. Our main program, MyCaptain, where young achievers mentor students with the same field of interest. MyCaptain is recognised by the United Nations SDSN as one of the top 50 Youth led solutions in the World.
Black Baza Coffee Co. is a movement that brings together the production of specialty coffee, livelihood security for coffee growers and biodiversity-friendly farming. | 2019-04-24T02:26:38Z | https://www.nsrcel.org/blogs/category/uncategorized/ |
It’s a line, it’s a circle: The Circle Line tourboats go around Manhattan, and around and around... CLUI photo.
NEW YORK CITY’S WATERFRONT IS often perceived as an impermeable wall. The fact that it mostly is (an abrupt vertical wall of stone or concrete) is both an intention and a reflection of this condition. The water is what separates the city from itself, and it is also the only space where all the boroughs come together. It’s shared space, and it is free, unscripted, unpossessed. It is a space of freedom, still, at least in theory.
Every year the number of interesting explorations of this idea and this watery space increases. Last summer’s “Sea Worthy” series of projects, for example, arranged by Gowanus Studio Space, Elizabeth Foundation for the Arts, and Flux Factory, included boat building workshops, expeditions, presentations, exhibitions, and other projects about New York City’s aquatic realm. It included the sold-out “Boatel” set up by the artist Constance Hockaday, where people could stay overnight on rafts and boats parked at a marina in Far Rockaway. Back in 2005, the place-based arts organization Minetta Brook (named after a waterway that used to run through Manhattan) arranged to physicalize Robert Smithson’s “Floating Island” idea, with the Whitney Museum (which was showing a Smithson retrospective exhibit at the time). Based on just a sketch he made in 1970 showing a park installed on a barge being towed around the city by a tugboat, they created just such a thing, and it was so. In 2008, Creative Time showed the artist Matthew Buckingham’s film about the Hudson River aboard water taxis plying the waters. Then there was Olafur Eliasson’s “Waterfall” project, also in 2008, not on the water but made of water, which brought another level of attention and form to the water’s edge. And recently, in October 2011, a floating dome sculpture assembled by a group led by Slo Architecture was on its way to being installed in the Harlem River, when it got away from them, and was wrecked on the shores of Rikers Island.
Some of these projects, such as Swoon’s 2008 raft trip down the Hudson (starting in Troy), and Mary Mattingly’s “Waterpod” (2009), seem to be inspired in part by Poppa Neutrino. He was a legendary boat hobo visionary who lived aboard a self-built barge at Pier 25 in Manhattan in the 1980s, and crossed the Atlantic in 1998 in the first “junk raft” to make the trip.
Other forms of recent creative acquaticism in New York’s waters are of a more exploratory nature, using vessels to examine the place and perceptions of it, as well as various methods of staying alive and afloat. Artists like Bob Braine, Marie Lorenz, and Duke Riley’s journey’s into the fringes and vestigial islands of the East River for example, in kayaks camouflaged with floating debris, homemade dinghies, or wooden submarines, even, and their encounters with authorities, help test the limits and sustain the reality of open water as free space. Countless other urban explorers probe the rich curiosities along the urban water’s edge on their own, from the potter’s fields at Hart Island to the sinking fleets off Staten Island.
Institutional diversity is increasing in the watery realm too. The Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance, started by the Municipal Art Society in 2000, has become a major force encouraging favorable public shoreline development with water access. There are now more than a dozen official places to launch a kayak on Manhattan and on the East River, and local water-access organizations, such as the Long Island City Community Boat House and other canoe and kayak clubs are increasingly popular, and influential. Creative small cultural organizations, like the Hudson Waterfront Museum in Red Hook, and Proteus Gowanus, explore their respective places. Newtown Creek and the Gowanus Canal, both some of the most hyper-urbanized and polluted watercourses in the nation, are now popular places for post-industrial kayak safaris. The opening of Governor’s Island to the public over the last decade, and the scheduling of creative public events there has also helped draw people to the water, and given us a new perspective from which to view the waterfront of the city.
One thing for certain, New York's waterfront is changing quickly. One thing for certain, is it’s changing quickly. An interesting waterfront needs complexity, diversity, and utility. If it all becomes a park, we will fall asleep on the grass and die of boredom. It’s the haphazard mix of forms, with a range of activities, including unplanned ones, that makes an urban waterfront alive and part of our lives. The possibility of uncertainty and discovery are critical to keep a public engaged with a place, whether it is technically theirs or not. But in this case, the water around the city–this city and others–is still all of ours. In fact, open water may be the only true commons left in America. The fact that open water is here, in the densest population center in the country, makes it especially valuable.
Members of the CLUI have done a bit of exploring along Gotham’s urban shores too, to get a sense of the size and shape of it, from the water, and to explore the possibility of developing public programs along its fringes. What follows here is a composite description of a circumnavigational journey around Manhattan, depicting and describing points of interest, logistics, hazards, and accessibility.
These journeys were made in an 18-foot outboard open bow boat. We would generally recommend something larger, and with a higher bow and freeboard, mostly due to the large, sharp wakes generated by tourboats, watertaxis, and Coast Guard vessels.
There are only a few options for launching a trailered boat around Manhattan. On the Hudson, there is the Dyckman Marina boat ramp at the end of Dyckman Street, on upper Manhattan; Hazzard’s Ramp, at Fort Lee, New Jersey, at the base of the George Washington Bridge; and the ramp at Liberty State Park in Jersey City. There are no public boat ramps or marinas on the Harlem River, or on the East River next to Manhattan. While there are a cluster at Jamaica Bay, the World’s Fair Marina is the closest to Manhattan outside of New Jersey. And unlike most others, it is free.
It is located in Queens, where Flushing Creek flows through the old Worlds fair Site, and into Flushing Bay, near the Willets point neighborhood, the remarkable and scrappy regional auto repair center, and the former Shea Stadium now Citi Field. With the model of New York City in the Queens Museum, and the remnants of the Worlds Fair in the park, this is a great place to begin any journey in or about.
If the gate at the ramp is locked, we were told by the Parks Department, it is usually just “fake-locked” by the parking company that has the contract for nearby stadiums.
Most of Flushing Bay was filled in to make LaGuardia Airport, and to get around the airport’s low relief and uncertain jetties and shoals we hugged the shore along College Point, past the Home Depot sign, asphalt plants, and the sunken boats and beat-up floating houses near the Skyline Cove Marina.
The Pepperidge Farm cookie warehouse on Flushing Bay.
The Police Boat Dock and the Time Warner cable building on 14th Avenue, College Point.
Swinging around the long approach light jetties, we were able to cut westwards, around the northern edge of Rikers Island, the famous prison, New York City’s largest jail, a 415-acre village of 15,000 incarcerated souls. A long low causeway connects the island to the mainland.
Across from it, tied to the shore at Hunt's Point, is a floating 800-bed prison, the Vernon C. Bain detention center, built in New Orleans and floated up here in 1992 as an extension of Rikers. Behind it is the New Fulton fish market, relocated here from Fulton Street in Manhattan, and the second largest seafood distribution point in the world, they say (after Tokyo’s). Next to that the Hunt's Point Sewage Plant, serves the liquid waste needs of 684,569 residents of the eastern Bronx.
In the middle of the Upper East River here are the North and South Brother Islands. Not too much on the smaller South Brother (which was privately owned until the city bought it for $2 million in 2007-its now a bird sanctuary), but North Brother Island is one of those special urban gothic places. The ruins of Riverside Hospital, a quarantine hospital, where Typhoid Mary was held for 20 years, lies abandoned and overgrown with vegetation. Technically off-limits to the public, but visited secretly by urban explorers, who are slowly stripping it of remaining artifacts.
The dual, abandoned connections for North Brother Island and Rikers Island is located in an industrial part of the Bronx known as Port Morris. Next to the ferry terminal, beneath a crane, is a rigging yard where the artist Richard Serra had one of his large steel torqued ellipse sculptures stored outside for a few years. In 2010, its location was published in the New York Times, and someone sneaked into the yard and covered the rusty steel with magnets. (It may or may not still be there, though it is still visible there on Google Earth).
South of the Brothers, the peninsula, Lawrence Point, is dominated by the Astoria Power plant, a major electrical production plant for the region, next to which is the Bowery Bay Sewage Treatment Plant, serving the drainage needs of 848,328 people in the northeast section of Queens.
In a narrow channel between the power plant and the sewage plant is the Bowery Bay Boat club, a small private boat club, making the best of its available space, with a single long dock and a boat ramp, not open to the public.
Rounding the point southward, passing the tiny Bronx Kill, a muddy creek that connects to the Harlem River, is the transition between Queens and New York County. To the west the shore is dominated by the Wards Island Wastewater Treatment plant, providing wastewater treatment to 1,061,558 people in the western Bronx and upper East Side of Manhattan. Next to which are the prop buildings, wrecked cars, and haz-mat scenarios of the New York Fire Department Training Academy. To the south is Hell Gate. Aptly named. Under the Hell Gate bridge, the water became very rough, as when the tides shift, Long Island Sound drains through here. Standing waves and chaotic currents are compounded by rebounding waves from much larger boats, bouncing off the narrow walls of the watery corridor. Many small boats are sunk here, the most hazardous stretch of the waters of New York.
Curving northward around the southern end of Ward’s Island, and into the Harlem River, is the Manhattan Psychiatric Center, a massive old mental hospital.
Up the Harlem River, on the Bronx Side, one passes small shipping terminals, storage yards, outfalls, and billboards along the Major Deagan expressway.
On the Harlem side brick housing towers, and Harlem River Drive.
Swindler Cove, a rare bit of shoreline chaos remaining in Manhattan, is undergoing a restoration and park development program by the New York Restoration Project, an organization that partners with the Parks Department to manage four upper Manhattan parks. The organization is led by its founder, the local resident and entertainer Bette Midler.
Under the University Heights Bridge, northward, past the NYC Transit’s 207th Street Train Yards, the river bends westward, past Columbia University’s Baker Field, which lies beneath a giant C painted on the cliff across the river. This stretch of the river is part of the Harlem River Shipping Canal, made by dredging and rerouting Spuyten Duyvil Creek in the 1890s, which cut the neighborhood of Marble Hill off from the northern tip of Manhattan. The small community is still technically part of the Manhattan Borough, even though it is now physically in the Bronx.
...then its into the big old Hudson River, at the top of Manhattan Island, two miles upstream from the George Washington Bridge.
On the northern shore of Manhattan is the Dyckman Street Boat Basin, once a chaotic river rat kind of place, but recently cleaned up - the only public boat ramp on Manhattan Island.
The classical colonnades at Inspiration Point on the Henry Hudson Parkway visible in the trees, with an abandoned motor yacht, washed ashore.
Then under the massive George Washington Bridge, New York City’s only bridge over the Hudson.
Riverbank State Park, built atop the North River Sewage Treatment Plant, a $1 billion addition to the Manhattan shoreline, between 137th Street and 145th Street, finally finished in 1991, and processing all the sewage of the upper west side of Manhattan.
Pier D, a long-standing collapsing relic, one of the last undesigned spaces on the Hudson shore of Manhattan (seen here in a 2008 photo, with Trump’s towers rising up in the background) was removed in mid January, 2011. The old lighterage piers were monuments of decay, immortalized on the cover of the 1982 photo book Dead Tech: A Guide to the Archeology of Tomorrow. Here tomorrow is now yesterday. Then south through the remains of the numbered piers, starting with 99, and running through 66, at West 26th Street, with the Frying Pan lightship and Manhattan Kayak expeditions, and ending at the southernmost pier on the Hudson side, Pier 25, where Poppa Neutrino once docked his raft. Now fixed up as part of the Hudson River Park, covered with a volleyball court, a miniature golf course, and a playground.
At the base of the Goldman Sachs tower in Jersey City, across the Hudson from Manhattan, lies the preserved Colgate Clock, where there used to be a toothpaste factory. Entering the channel there, actually a stub of the old Morris Canal that used to go all the way from here to the Delaware River, is a marina. Despite the arduous crossing of the lower Hudson, with its traffic, wind, wakes, and waves, this stop is often essential, as this its last chance to get gas before heading up the East River.
Cross around the southern tip of Manhattan, at Battery Park, pass the Southstreet Seaport Museum, then head up the east river, under the Brooklyn Bridge, past Dumbo and the Brooklyn Navy Yard under the Williamsburg bridge. Most of these landmarks are familiar from the land.
A relic of the pre-condo, industrial age of the Brooklyn shore, the Domino Sugar factory was closed in 2003, after 148 years of operation. At one time, it was the largest sugar refinery in the world. The property was bought by C.P.C. Resources and is slated for residential redevelopment.
Rounding the Tower Crane Company staging area is Newtown Creek, an industrial waterway that heads three miles into Brooklyn. Along its shores are buildings made of shipping containers, cement trucks backed up to the water, beer distributors, truckyards, scrapyards, former copper plants, fuel oil terminals and gas terminals, including the Brooklyn Terminal, where an underground oil spill of somewhere between 17 and 30 million gallons leaked out over the past 50 years, far more than the Exxon Valdez spill. Also up the creek is the newly updated Newtown Creek Water Treatment Plant, serving 1,068,012 people in midtown Manhattan, Brooklyn, and parts of Queens.
The renovated industrial shoreline, with new apartment towers looming above the old ferry terminal for Long Island City.
The Pepsi Cola sign, a preserved “pop” landmark.
The artist Matthew Barney’s yacht.
The UN, across from the tiny Belmont Island in mid-channel (a pile of rubble left from building the Queens Midtown Tunnel under the river), and the southern end of Roosevelt Island, with its multiple curiosities, such as the Four Freedoms Park, originally designed by the architect Louis Kahn, now being constructed at the southern tip. North of it the ruins of the Renwick Smallpox Hospital, preserved as a façade like a ghost, reminding us of the pathological past of the island.
The Ravenswood Power Station, built in 1965, and home of the first single generating unit capable of producing a million kilowatts (a thousand megawatts). “Big Allis,” as it is known, still online, is unit 3 of the four at the site, which together produce 2,500 megawatts, about 20% of New York City’s electrical needs. TransCanada Corporation bought the plant in 2008 for $2.9 billion.
Socrates Sculpture Park is a public art environment on the East River shore at Long Island City, a non-profit space for producing and displaying three dimensional objects and hosting creative events. It opened in 1986, led by the sculptor Mark di Suvero.
Mark di Suvero’s studio is just up the shore from the Socrates Sculpture Park.
Rounding the top of Roosevelt Island we are back at Hell Gate, the confluence of the Harlem River, and the East River, and have completed the loop around Manhattan. There used to be an island here known as Great Mill Island, in the middle of the confluence. It was considered a hazard to navigation in the turbulent waters of Hell Gate, so in 1885 it was blown up (using 300,000 pounds of explosives placed under it by tunneling under the river from Queens). A small island known as Little Mill Rock remains in the confluence, a little further west, out of the way.
Back at the boat launch at the World’s Fair Marina in Queens. On the journey, we passed under 22 bridges, and five of the 14 sewage plants in New York City, and affirmed that, indeed, Manhattan is some sort of island. | 2019-04-26T07:56:50Z | http://www.clui.org/newsletter/winter-2012/testing-waters |
Chapter 5. Desertion and Nonsupport.
Repealed by Acts 1988, cc. 866, 878.
§ 20-61.3. Consequences of a putative father failing to appear.
If a putative father fails to appear after having been personally served with notice, in accordance with the provisions of subdivision 1 of § 8.01-296 or § 8.01-320, alleging that he is the father of a minor child, the court shall proceed in hearing the evidence in the case as provided in Chapter 3.1 (§ 20-49.1 et seq.) of Title 20 as if the putative father were present. The order of the court in any such proceedings shall be served upon the father in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 8 (§ 8.01-285 et seq.) or Chapter 9 (§ 8.01-328 et seq.) of Title 8.01.
1988, cc. 867, 894; 1994, c. 869.
§ 20-62. Commitment to workhouse, city farm or work squad for such desertion.
In the event that the cities or counties of this Commonwealth or any of them establish workhouses, city farms or work squads on which prisoners are put to work, persons convicted of nonsupport under the provisions of this chapter may be committed to the farms, workhouses or work squads instead of to jail. Persons sentenced to jail or to a workhouse or city farm under the provisions of this chapter shall be required to do such work as they are capable of in accordance with the opinion of the physician examining such persons pursuant to § 53.1-33 and shall be returned, when released, to the court which exercised original jurisdiction in the case and by that court may be placed on probation upon the terms and conditions and in the manner prescribed by law for probation of original offenders in such cases.
1944, p. 210; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1936; 1954, c. 481; 1970, c. 630; 1978, c. 377.
§ 20-63. Support payments by county or city.
It shall be the duty of the governing body of the county or city within the boundaries of which any work is performed under the provisions of this chapter to allow and order payment at the end of each calendar month, out of the current funds of the county or city, to the Department of Social Services for the support of the prisoner's spouse or child or children, a sum not less than $20 nor more than $40 for each week in the discretion of the court during any part of which any work is so performed by such prisoner.
1944, p. 211; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1936a; 1954, c. 481; 1958, c. 637; 1966, cc. 120, 437; 1974, c. 464; 1978, c. 586; 2016, c. 220.
§ 20-64. Proceedings instituted by petition.
Proceedings under this chapter may be instituted upon petition, verified by oath or affirmation, filed by the spouse or child or by any probation officer or by any state or local law-enforcement officer or by the Department of Social Services upon information received, or by any other person having knowledge of the facts, and the petition shall set forth the facts and circumstances of the case.
1944, p. 211; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1937; 1974, c. 464; 2002, c. 747.
§ 20-66. Contempt proceedings; trial in absence of defendant.
(a) If the person so summoned fails without reasonable cause to appear as herein required, he or she may be proceeded against as for contempt of court and the court may, (1) proceed with the trial of the case in his or her absence and render such judgment as to it seems right and proper, or (2) continue the case to some future date.
(b) If the trial be proceeded with in the absence of the defendant and judgment of conviction be entered against him or her, he or she may, within thirty days after the judgment of conviction is rendered, make application to the court to have the case reopened, and after due notice to the original complainant, for good cause, the court may reopen the case and enter such judgment or order as is right and proper.
1944, p. 211; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1937a; 1974, c. 464.
Proceedings under this chapter shall be had in the juvenile and domestic relations district courts, which shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in all cases arising under this chapter, except that any grand jury of any circuit court may indict for desertion and nonsupport in any case wherein the defendant is a fugitive from the Commonwealth, and any defendant so indicted or presented and apprehended may be tried by the court in which the indictment or presentment is found or, in the discretion of the court, referred to the juvenile and domestic relations district court.
1944, p. 212; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1937c; 1974, c. 464; 1975, c. 644.
The person accused shall have the same right of appeal as provided by law in other similar cases; provided that any order of court requiring support of a spouse or children shall remain in full force and effect until reversed or modified by judgment of a superior court, and in the interim the order shall be enforceable by the court entering it and the court may punish for violation of the order as for contempt. After the judgment of conviction and entry of order of support from which no appeal is taken the hearing in the appellate court on an appeal from any subsequent order, modification or amendment shall be restricted to the particular matter or order appealed from.
§ 20-70. No warrant of arrest to issue.
Except as otherwise in this chapter provided, no warrant of arrest shall be issued by a magistrate against any person within the terms of this chapter, but all proceedings shall be instituted upon petition as aforesaid, provided that upon affidavit of the spouse or other person that there is reasonable cause to believe that the spouse or parent is about to leave the jurisdiction of the court with intent to desert the spouse, child or children, the court of, or any magistrate serving, the city or county may issue a warrant for the spouse or parent returnable before the court.
1944, p. 211; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1937b; 1974, c. 464; 1975, c. 644; 2008, cc. 551, 691.
§ 20-71. Temporary orders for support.
At any time before the trial, upon motion of the complainant, with notice to the defendant, the court may enter such temporary order as seems just, providing for the support of the neglected spouse or children, or both, pendente lite, and may punish for violation of the order as for contempt.
1944, p. 212; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1938; 1974, c. 464.
§ 20-71.1. Attorneys' fees in proceedings under § 20-71.
In any proceeding by a spouse petitioning under § 20-71 before the juvenile and domestic relations district court or on appeal before a court of record, to be allowed support for himself or herself or the infant child or children of the defendant, the juvenile and domestic relations district court may direct the defendant, in addition to the allowance to the spouse and support and maintenance for the infant children, to pay to the spouse's attorney, upon such terms and conditions and in such time as the court shall deem reasonable, an attorney's fee deemed reasonable by the court for such services as said attorney before said court. Upon appeal of the matter to a court of record, the judge of the circuit court may direct that the defendant, in addition to the fees allowed to the spouse's attorney by the juvenile and domestic relations district court, pay to the spouse's attorney at such time and upon such terms and conditions as the judge deems reasonable, an attorney's fee deemed reasonable by the court for such services of said attorney before said court of record, but in fixing said fee such court shall take into consideration the fee or fees directed to be paid by the court from which said appeal was taken.
1950, p. 741; 1974, c. 464; 1975, c. 644.
§ 20-72. Probation on order directing defendant to pay and enter recognizance.
Before the trial, with the consent of the defendant, or at the trial on entry of a plea of guilty, or after conviction, instead of imposing the penalties hereinbefore provided, or in addition thereto, the judge, in his discretion, having regard to the circumstances of the case and to the financial ability or earning capacity of the defendant, shall have the power to make an order, directing the defendant to pay a certain sum or a certain percentage of his or her earnings periodically, either directly or through the court to the spouse or to the guardian, curator or custodian of such minor child or children, or to an organization or individual designated by the court as trustee, and to suspend sentence and release the defendant from custody on probation, upon his or her entering into a recognizance with or without surety, in such sum as the court may order and approve.
Code 1919, § 1939; 1932, p. 466; 1940, p. 476; 1952, c. 692; 1974, c. 464.
§ 20-73. Condition of the recognizance.
The condition of the recognizance shall be such that if the defendant shall make his or her personal appearance in court upon such date as may be specified by the court, or whenever, in the meantime, he or she may be ordered so to do, and shall further comply with the terms of such order, or any subsequent modification or amendment thereof, then such recognizance shall be void, otherwise in full force and effect.
Code 1919, § 1939; 1932, p. 466; 1940, p. 477.
§ 20-74. Support orders to remain in effect until annulled; modification.
Any order of support or amendment thereof entered under the provisions of this chapter shall remain in full force and effect until annulled by the court of original jurisdiction, or the court to which an appeal may be taken; however, such order of support or terms of probation shall be subject to change or modification by the court from time to time, as circumstances may require, but no such change or modification shall affect or relieve the surety of his or her obligation under such recognizance, provided notice thereof be forthwith given to such surety. No support order may be retroactively modified, but may be modified with respect to any period during which there is a pending petition for modification in any court, but only from the date that notice of such petition has been given to the responding party.
Code 1919, § 1939; 1932, p. 467; 1940, p. 477; 1975, c. 644; 1987, c. 649; 2004, c. 204.
§ 20-75. Procedure when accused outside territorial jurisdiction.
Whenever the accused is outside the territorial jurisdiction of the court, instead of requiring his or her arrest and personal appearance before the court, the court may allow the accused to accept service of the process or warrant and enter a written plea of guilty. The court may thereupon proceed as if the accused were present and enter such order of support as may be just and proper, requiring the accused to enter into the recognizance hereinbefore mentioned. For the purposes of this chapter the court may authorize the entering into of such recognizance outside the territorial jurisdiction of the court before such official of the place where the accused or his or her surety may be and under such conditions and subject to such stipulations and requirements as the court may direct and approve. The provisions of this chapter as to the entering into of recognizances outside the territorial jurisdiction of the court shall likewise apply to any renewal of any recognizance heretofore or hereafter entered into in any desertion and nonsupport case.
Code 1919, § 1939; 1932, p. 467; 1940, p. 477; 1975, c. 644.
Repealed by Acts 1974, c. 464.
§ 20-78. Continuance of failure to support after completion of sentence.
Any person sentenced under §§ 20-72 to 20-79 who, after the completion of such sentence, shall continue in his or her failure, without just cause, adequately to support his or her spouse or children, as the case may be, may again be sentenced on the original petition, as for a new offense, in the same manner and under like conditions as herein provided, and so on from time to time, as often as such failure or failures shall occur.
Code 1919, § 1939; 1932, p. 467; 1940, p. 478; 1974, c. 464.
§ 20-78.1. Effect of entry of support order in certain garnishment proceedings.
A. A judgment for arrearage, or an order or decree of support for a spouse or support and maintenance of a child or children entered under the provisions of this chapter or §§ 16.1-278.15 through 16.1-278.18, 20-103 and 20-107.1 through 20-109 may be enforced in any garnishment proceeding in which the liability is against the United States of America.
B. Except as otherwise provided herein, the provisions of Article 7 (§ 8.01-511 et seq.) of Chapter 18 of Title 8.01 shall govern such garnishment. Any garnishment under the provisions of this section shall continue until modified by the issuing court, or in the case of an arrearage, until the sum or sums of money found to be in arrears are paid in full.
C. The provisions of this section shall apply to arrearages accumulated prior to and after July 1, 1976.
1976, c. 659; 1978, c. 736; 1980, c. 102; 1987, c. 597; 1991, c. 534; 1999, c. 577.
§ 20-78.2. Attorneys' fees and interest on support arrearage.
The entry of an order or decree of support for a spouse or for support and maintenance of a child under the provisions of this chapter or §§ 20-107.1 through 20-109 shall constitute a final judgment for any sum or sums in arrears. This order shall also include an amount for interest on the arrearage at the judgment interest rate as established by § 6.2-302 unless the obligee, in a writing submitted to the court, waives the collection of interest; and may include reasonable attorneys' fees if the total arrearage for support and maintenance, excluding interest, is equal to or greater than three months of support and maintenance.
1983, c. 488; 1987, c. 190; 1995, c. 483; 2005, c. 880.
§ 20-79. Effect of divorce proceedings.
(a) In any case where an order has been entered under the provisions of this chapter, directing either party to pay any sum or sums of money for the support of his or her spouse, or concerning the care, custody or maintenance of any child, or children, the jurisdiction of the court which entered such order shall cease and its orders become inoperative upon the entry of a decree by the court or the judge thereof in vacation in a suit for divorce instituted in any circuit court in this Commonwealth having jurisdiction thereof, in which decree provision is made for support and maintenance for the spouse or concerning the care, custody or maintenance of a child or children, or concerning any matter provided in a decree in the divorce proceedings in accordance with the provisions of § 20-103.
(b) In any suit for divorce, the court in which the suit is instituted or pending, when either party to the proceedings so requests, shall provide in its decree for the maintenance, support, care or custody of the child or children in accordance with Chapter 6.1 (§ 20-124.1 et seq.), support and maintenance for the spouse, if the same be sought, and counsel fees and other costs, if in the judgment of the court any or all of the foregoing should be so decreed.
(c) Enforcement of orders. In any suit for divorce or suit for maintenance and support, the court may after a hearing, pendente lite, or in any decree of divorce a mensa et thoro, decree of divorce a vinculo matrimonii, final decree for maintenance and support, or subsequent decree in such suit, transfer to the juvenile and domestic relations district court the enforcement of its orders pertaining to support and maintenance for the spouse, maintenance, support, care and custody of the child or children.
Transfer of case for modification. After the entry of a decree of divorce a vinculo matrimonii the court may transfer to the juvenile and domestic relations district court any other matters pertaining to support and maintenance for the spouse, maintenance, support, care and custody of the child or children on motion by either party, and may so transfer such matters before the entry of such decree on motion joined in by both parties. A court shall not (i) transfer a case for modification to the juvenile and domestic relations district court in the absence of a motion by either party or (ii) require a provision for transfer of matters for modification to the juvenile and domestic relations district court as a condition of entry of a decree of divorce a vinculo matrimonii.
Change of venue. In the transfer of any matters referred to herein, the court may, upon the motion of any party, or on its own motion, and for good cause shown, transfer any matters covered by said decree or decrees to any circuit court or juvenile and domestic relations district court within the Commonwealth that constitutes a more appropriate forum. An appeal of an order by such juvenile and domestic relations district court which is to enforce or modify the decree in the divorce suit shall be as provided in § 16.1-296.
Code 1919, § 1939; 1940, p. 478; 1960, c. 76; 1964, c. 636; 1970, c. 459; 1974, cc. 464, 473; 1975, c. 644; 1976, c. 345; 1977, c. 71; 1988, c. 502; 1994, c. 769; 2018, c. 254.
§ 20-79.1. Enforcement of support orders; income deduction; penalty for wrongful discharge.
A. As part of any order directing a person to pay child support, except for initial orders entered pursuant to § 20-79.2, or spousal support pursuant to this chapter or §§ 16.1-278.15 through 16.1-278.18, 20-103, 20-107.2 or § 20-109.1, or by separate order at any time thereafter, a court of competent jurisdiction may order a person's employer to deduct from the amounts due or payable to such person, the entitlement to which is based upon income as defined in § 63.2-1900, the amount of current support due and an amount to be applied to arrearages, if any. The terms "employer" and "income" shall have the meanings prescribed in § 63.2-1900. The court shall order such income deductions (i) if so provided in a stipulation or contract signed by the party ordered to pay such support and filed with the pleadings or depositions, (ii) upon receipt of a notice of arrearages in a case in which an order has been entered pursuant to § 20-60.3, or (iii) upon a finding that the respondent is in arrears for an amount equal to one month's support obligation. The court may, in its discretion, order such payroll deduction (a) based upon the obligor's past financial responsibility, history of prior payments pursuant to any such support order, and any other matter which the court considers relevant in determining the likelihood of payment in accordance with the support order or (b) at the request of the obligor.
B. Any income deduction order shall be entered upon motion and concurrent proper notice sent by the clerk or counsel. The notice shall cite this section. If the notice is sent by the clerk, it shall be served in accordance with the provisions of § 8.01-296 or 8.01-329, or sent by certified mail or by electronic means, including facsimile transmission, to the employer. An employer paying wages subject to deduction shall deliver the notice to the person ordered to pay such support.
The notice shall advise the obligor (i) of the amount proposed to be withheld, (ii) that the order of the court will apply to current and future income, (iii) of the right to contest the order, (iv) that the obligor must file a written notice of contest of such deduction with the court within 10 days of the date of issuance of the notice, (v) that if the notice is contested, a hearing will be held and a decision rendered within 10 days from the receipt of the notice of contest by the court, unless good cause is shown for additional time, which shall in no event exceed forty-five days from receipt of the notice by the obligor, (vi) that only disputes as to mistakes of fact as defined in § 63.2-1900 will be heard, (vii) that any order for income deduction entered will state when the deductions will start and the information that will be provided to the person's employer, and (viii) that payment of overdue support upon receipt of the notice shall not be a bar to the implementation of withholding.
Whenever the obligor and the obligee agree to income deductions in a contract or stipulation, the obligor shall be deemed to have waived notice as required in this subsection and the deduction shall be ordered only upon the stipulation or contract being approved by the court.
C. The income deduction order of the court shall by its terms direct the clerk to issue an order in accordance with § 20-79.3 to any employer and, if required, to each future employer, as necessary to implement the order. The order shall cite this section as authority for the entry of the order.
D. The rights and responsibilities of employers with respect to income deduction orders are set out in § 20-79.3.
E. The order to the employer pursuant to this section shall be effective when a certified copy thereof has been served upon or sent to the employer by electronic means, including facsimile transmission. A copy shall be provided to the employee by the employer. If the employer is a corporation, such service shall be accomplished as is provided in § 8.01-513.
F. Any order issued pursuant to this section shall be promptly terminated or modified, as appropriate, after notice and an opportunity for a hearing for the parties when (i) the whereabouts of the children entitled to support and their custodian become unknown, or (ii) the support obligation to an obligee ceases. Any such order shall be promptly modified, as appropriate, when arrearages have been paid in full.
G. The Department of Social Services may charge an obligee an appropriate fee when complying with an order entered under this section sufficient to cover the Department's cost.
H. If a court of competent jurisdiction in any state or territory of the United States or the District of Columbia has ordered a person to pay child support, a court of competent jurisdiction in this Commonwealth, upon motion, notice and opportunity for a hearing as provided in this section, shall enter an income deduction order, conforming with § 20-79.3 as provided in this section. The rights and responsibilities of the employer with respect to the order are set out in § 20-79.3. Similar orders of the courts of this Commonwealth may be enforced in a similar manner in such other state, territory or district.
I. The court or clerk shall attempt to ascertain the obligor's pay period interval prior to service of the clerk's order. If, after the order is served, the employer replies to the court that the pay period interval in the income deduction order differs from the obligor's pay period interval, the clerk shall convert the single monetary amount in the income deduction order to an equivalent single monetary amount for the obligor's pay period interval pursuant to a formula approved by the Committee on District Courts. The equivalent single monetary amount shall be contained in a new order issued by the clerk and served on the employer and which conforms to § 20-79.3.
J. If the Department of Social Services or the Department's designee receives payments deducted from income of the obligor pursuant to more than one judicial order or a combination of judicial and administrative orders, the Department or the Department's designee shall first allocate such payments among the obligees under such orders with priority given to payment of the order for current support. Where payments are received pursuant to two or more orders for current support, the Department or the Department's designee shall prorate the payments received on the basis of the amounts due under each such order. Upon satisfaction of any amounts due for current support the Department or the Department's designee shall prorate the remainder of the payments received on the basis of amounts due under any orders for accrued arrearages.
1982, c. 298; 1983, c. 481; 1985, c. 488; 1986, c. 594; 1987, cc. 658, 706; 1988, c. 906; 1990, c. 896; 1991, c. 534; 1997, cc. 648, 663; 1998, c. 727; 2018, c. 707.
§ 20-79.2. Immediate income deduction; income withholding.
Every initial order entered on or after July 1, 1995, directing a person to pay child support shall include a provision for immediate withholding from the income of the obligor for the amount of the support order, plus an amount for the liquidation of arrearages, if any, unless the obligor and either the obligee or the Department on behalf of the obligee, agree in writing to an alternative payment arrangement or one of the parties demonstrates and the court finds good cause for not imposing immediate withholding. In determining whether good cause is shown, the court shall consider the obligor's past financial responsibility, history of prior payment under any support order, and any other matter that the court considers relevant to the likelihood of payment in accordance with the support order. An alternative payment arrangement may include but is not limited to, a voluntary income assignment pursuant to § 20-79.1 or § 63.2-1945.
An order which modifies an initial order may include a provision for immediate income withholding.
The total amount withheld shall not exceed the maximum amount permitted under § 34-29.
A withholding order issued to an obligor's employer pursuant to this section shall conform to § 20-79.3. The rights and obligations of the employer with respect to the order are set out in § 20-79.3. The order shall direct the employer to forward payments to the Department for recording and disbursement to the obligee, or as otherwise required by law. The Department shall not charge a fee for recording and disbursing payments when it is providing support enforcement services to the obligee pursuant to § 63.2-1904 or § 63.2-1908.
1988, c. 906; 1990, cc. 836, 896; 1991, c. 534; 1995, c. 714; 1998, c. 727.
§ 20-79.3. Information required in income deduction order.
19. That the employer shall provide to the employee a copy of the withholding order and the notice to the employee sent by the court.
B. If the employer receives an order that (i) does not contain the obligor's correct social security number, (ii) does not specify a single monetary amount to be withheld per regular pay period interval of the obligor, (iii) does not state the maximum percentage which may be withheld pursuant to § 34-29, (iv) contains information which is in conflict with the employer's current payroll records, or (v) orders payment to an entity other than to the Department of Social Services or the Department's designee, the employer may deposit in the mail or otherwise file a reply to that effect within five business days from service of such order. The order shall be void from transmission or filing of such reply unless the court or the Department, as applicable, finds that the reply is materially false. In addition, an employer of 10,000 or more persons may also file a reply, with like effect, if payment is ordered other than by combined single payment in the case of withholdings from multiple employees to the Department's central office in Richmond, without the employer's express written consent, unless the order is from a support enforcement agency outside the Commonwealth.
1990, c. 896; 1991, cc. 651, 694; 1994, c. 767; 1996, c. 416; 1998, c. 727; 2001, c. 209; 2006, c. 365; 2007, c. 557.
§ 20-80. Violation of orders; trial; forfeiture of recognizance.
If at any time the court may be satisfied by information and due proof that the defendant has violated the terms of such order, it may forthwith proceed with the trial of the defendant under the original charge, or sentence him or her, under the original conviction, or annul suspension of sentence, and enforce such sentence, or in its discretion may extend or renew the term of probation as the case may be. Upon due proof that the terms of such order have been violated, the court shall in any event have the power to declare the recognizance forfeited, the sum or sums thereon to be paid, in the discretion of the court, in whole or in part to the defendant's spouse, or to the guardian, curator, custodian or trustee of the minor child or children, or to an organization or individual designated by the court to receive the same.
Code 1919, § 1940; 1918, p. 761; 1922, p. 846; 1974, c. 464.
§ 20-81. Presumptions as to desertion and abandonment.
Proof of desertion or of neglect of spouse, child or children by any person shall be prima facie evidence that such desertion or neglect is willful; and proof that a person has left his or her spouse, or his or her child or children in destitute or necessitous circumstances, or has contributed nothing to their support for a period of thirty days prior or subsequent either or both to his or her departure, shall constitute prima facie evidence of an intention to abandon such family.
Code 1919, § 1941; 1918, p. 761; 1922, p. 846; 1974, c. 464.
§ 20-82. Husband and wife competent as witnesses.
In every prosecution under this chapter both husband and wife shall be competent witnesses to testify against each other in all relevant matters, including the facts of such marriage, provided that neither shall be compelled to give evidence incriminating himself or herself.
Code 1919, § 1941; 1918, p. 761; 1922, p. 846.
Whenever the judge of, or magistrate serving, the jurisdiction wherein such offense is alleged to have been committed shall, after an investigation of the facts and circumstances thereof, certify that in his opinion the charge is well founded and the case a proper one for extradition, or in any case if the cost of extradition is borne by the parties interested in the case, the person charged with having left the Commonwealth with the intention of evading the terms of his or her probation or of abandoning or deserting his or her spouse, or his or her child or children, or failing to support them, shall be apprehended and brought back to the county or city having jurisdiction of the case in accordance with the law providing for the apprehension and return to the Commonwealth of fugitives from justice, and upon conviction punished as hereinabove provided.
Code 1919, § 1942; 1918, p. 761; 1922, p. 846; 1974, c. 464; 2008, cc. 551, 691.
Repealed by Acts 1988, c. 495.
Repealed by Acts 2003, c. 467.
It shall be the joint and several duty of all persons eighteen years of age or over, of sufficient earning capacity or income, after reasonably providing for his or her own immediate family, to assist in providing for the support and maintenance of his or her mother or father, he or she being then and there in necessitous circumstances.
If there be more than one person bound to support the same parent or parents, the persons so bound to support shall jointly and severally share equitably in the discharge of such duty. Taking into consideration the needs of the parent or parents and the circumstances affecting the ability of each person to discharge the duty of support, the court having jurisdiction shall have the power to determine and order the payment, by such person or persons so bound to support, of that amount for support and maintenance which to the court may seem just. Where the court ascertains that any person has failed to render his or her proper share in such support and maintenance it may, upon the complaint of any party or on its own motion, compel contribution by that person to any person or authority which has theretofore contributed to the support or maintenance of the parent or parents. The court may from time to time revise the orders entered by it or by any other court having jurisdiction under the provisions of this section, in such manner as to it may seem just.
The juvenile and domestic relations district court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in all cases arising under this section. Any person aggrieved shall have the same right of appeal as is provided by law in other cases.
All proceedings under this section shall conform as nearly as possible to the proceedings under the other provisions of this chapter, and the other provisions of this chapter shall apply to cases arising under this section in like manner as though they were incorporated in this section. Prosecutions under this section shall be in the jurisdiction where the parent or parents reside.
This section shall not apply if there is substantial evidence of desertion, neglect, abuse or willful failure to support any such child by the father or mother, as the case may be, prior to the child's emancipation or, except as provided hereafter in this section, if a parent is otherwise eligible for and is receiving public assistance or services under a federal or state program.
To the extent that the financial responsibility of children for any part of the costs incurred in providing medical assistance to their parents pursuant to the plan provided for in § 32.1-325 is not restricted by that plan and to the extent that the financial responsibility of children for any part of the costs incurred in providing to their parents services rendered, administered or funded by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services is not restricted by federal law, the provisions of this section shall apply. A proceeding may be instituted in accordance with this section in the name of the Commonwealth by the state agency administering the program of assistance or services in order to compel any child of a parent receiving such assistance or services to reimburse the Commonwealth for such portion of the costs incurred in providing the assistance or services as the court may determine to be reasonable. If costs are incurred for the institutionalization of a parent, the children shall in no case be responsible for such costs for more than sixty months of institutionalization.
Any person violating the provisions of an order entered pursuant to this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $500 or imprisonment in jail for a period not exceeding twelve months or both.
1920, p. 413; 1922, p. 544; 1928, p. 745; 1942, p. 406; Michie Code 1942, § 1944a; 1952, c. 510; 1954, c. 481; 1962, c. 557; 1968, c. 665; 1970, c. 278; 1974, c. 657; 1975, c. 644; 1982, c. 472; 1984, c. 781; 2009, cc. 813, 840.
Repealed by Acts 1992, c. 662.
§ 20-88.02. Transfer of assets to qualify for assistance; liability of transferees.
A. As used in this section, "uncompensated value" means the aggregate amount by which the fair market value of all property or resources, including fractional interests, transferred by any transferor after the effective date of and subject to this section, exceeds the aggregate consideration received for such property or resources.
B. Within thirty months prior to the date on which any person receives benefits from any program of public assistance or social services as defined in § 63.2-100, if such person has transferred any property or resources resulting in uncompensated value, the transferee of such property or resources shall be liable to repay the Commonwealth for benefits paid on behalf of the transferor up to the amount of that uncompensated value less $25,000.
C. In their discretion, the heads of the agencies which administer the appropriate program or programs of public assistance may petition the circuit court having jurisdiction over the property or over the transferee for an order requiring repayment. That order shall continue in effect, as the court may determine, for so long as the transferor receives public assistance or until the uncompensated value is completely repaid. With respect to all transfers subject to this section, a rebuttable presumption is created that the transferee acted with the intent and for the purpose of assisting the transferor to qualify for public assistance. If the presumption is rebutted, this section shall not apply and the petition shall be dismissed.
D. After reasonable investigation, the agency or agencies administering the program of public assistance shall not file any petition, and no court shall order payments under subsection B of this section if it is determined that: (i) the uncompensated value of the property transferred is $25,000 or less, (ii) that the property transferred was the home of the transferor at the time of the transfer and the transferor or any of the following individuals reside in the home: the transferor's spouse, any natural or adopted child of the transferor under the age of twenty-one years or any natural or adopted child of the transferor, regardless of age, who is blind or disabled as defined by the federal Social Security Act or the Virginia Medicaid Program, or (iii) the transferee is without financial means or that such payment would work a hardship on the transferee or his family. If the transferee does not fully cooperate with the investigating agency to determine the nature and extent of the hardship, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that no hardship exists.
1992, c. 662; 2002, c. 747.
§ 20-88.02:1. Limitations on spousal support orders resulting in eligibility for medical assistance services; definitions.
1. The court shall not enter the requested spousal support order unless the court first orders the institutionalized spouse to make available the maximum income contribution to the community spouse.
2. The court must ascertain, when determining additional income in excess of the federally established community spouse minimum monthly maintenance needs allowance, that the increase is necessary due to exceptional circumstances resulting in significant financial duress to the community spouse.
3. When determining the amount of any additional resources to be allowed to raise the community spouse's income up to either the federally established community spouse minimum monthly maintenance needs allowance or in excess of such minimum monthly maintenance needs allowance, the amount of such additional resources to be allowed shall be the greater of (i) those additional resources necessary to generate an amount sufficient to increase the community spouse's income to the applicable monthly needs or income allowance, as the case may be when based on the current earnings of such resources or (ii) the amount necessary, at the time of the court's deliberations, to purchase a single premium annuity that would generate monthly income to the community spouse in an amount sufficient to increase the community spouse's income to the applicable monthly needs or income allowance, as the case may be.
"Community spouse" means the spouse of an individual residing in a medical institution or nursing facility.
"Federally established maximum spousal resource allowance" means that amount established as the maximum spousal resource allowance in 42 U.S.C. 1396r-5 (f) (2) (A) as adjusted annually in accordance with 42 U.S.C. 1396r-5 (g).
"Institutionalized spouse" means an individual who has been residing in a medical institution or nursing facility for at least thirty consecutive days and who is married to an individual who is not residing in a medical institution or nursing facility.
"Significant financial duress" means, but is not limited to, threatened loss of basic shelter, food or medically necessary health care or the financial burden of caring for a disabled child, sibling or other immediate relative. | 2019-04-20T10:53:01Z | https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title20/chapter5/ |
On Monday, the girls received their class lists in the mail; their beloved friends are filtering back home; and as I’ve walked the dog in the last few mornings, I’ve found it — dare I say it? — a little cool.
When I was younger, I knew summer was pretty much over as soon as the box arrived from LL Bean: my new Blucher moccasins, my same grey sweater in the next size up, a couple of flannel shirts. I only ordered the boots once — I still have them.
Every year, I’d leaf through the catalogue with its pictures of fall in northern New England — a world of foliage, canoes, dogs, and people all drinking coffee with their friends on some dock — and it seemed so foreign and wonderful, and so very different than the hazy, hot, and humid days of early August where I was.
There’s a moment in The Great Gatsby when Daisy tells Gatsby admiringly, “You always look so cool.” By which she simply means “cool” as opposed to “hot,” as all the rest of them are in the oppressive heat of a Long Island summer. Yet not so simply, it’s also an acknowledgement of Gatsby’s particular aura, the way he seems to represent almost a different quality of being that others do not share.
Sitting at my grandmother’s dining room table, leafing through the LL Bean catalogue, the pictures of autumn at some lakeside camp up north always looked cool to me in just that way.
And so, when the box finally arrived in the waning days of August, I was more than ready for a new beginning — a new school year and all that it might hold, and most especially, the possibility of glimpsing in myself that effortlessly self-confident, unhurried adult life from the catalogue, where maturity was an invitation to a long weekend that never ended.
But each year at the end of summer, I still find myself eager for a new beginning, and still hoping for a glimpse into what the year might hold for me and for the people I love.
What’s ahead? What will happen next?
Increasingly, I’m aware of how God journeys with us, sometimes hiding in plain sight, and yet working powerfully in ways that often become clear only later.
Our challenge as faithful people is to learn how to see, and also to trust, so that we might be sustained through the times when seeing is impossible for us.
The new beginning we find in God’s love teaches us over and over to proclaim the promise that in Him, all things will be made new.
So may we be blessed by this moment of new beginnings and able to embrace it gladly, sustained by hope for what may come, and mindful of the One who loves us no matter what may happen. May God draw us ever closer in these days.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on August 23, 2018 by maxgrantmg.
There was a time in my life — really, most of it — when the idea of seeing a close friend faithfully once a year would have made no sense to me.
I would answer that differently now.
Because add children, new houses, diagnoses, caring for aging parents, and a little bad weather, and the long-planned dinner or weekend in the country doesn’t happen.
Pastors work on weekends, of course. Sadly, now we are far from alone in that — today, who doesn’t?
And so, life teaches us to write so many things on our calendar only in pencil because, yes…great…looking forward to it…unless…..
To make sure it happens, somehow, that one time.
Because, really, how many people remember our parents back when they were young — in the days when they were ten years younger than we are now?
How many people need little to no context for our news because they immediately get what it really means?
How many people does it lift our hearts just to see? Isn’t it healing for us just to remember that, somewhere on the planet, they’re around?
It doesn’t take long to remember, provided we are committed to remembering.
And there is something deeply faithful about that, too.
So much of faith is a commitment to memory.
Remembering who we really are.
Remembering what lies below the surface of our lives — and of all Creation.
Remembering what matters in a world where most things eventually pass away, but in which the deepest and most important ones are eternal.
Remembering to stay connected to those things.
Remembering the stories and communities that have sustained us and helped us find our place.
It reminds us, too, that faith is so much more than what we “believe in” or “stand for,” important as those are.
It is how we understand ourselves as rooted in all life.
In the end, what is holier than that?
May these be days of memory and connection — or reconnection — for all of us. May we find the power of “even if” for every “unless” that would distract us.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on August 15, 2018 by maxgrantmg.
Earlier this week, Liz and I went to see “Eighth Grade,” a wonderful new movie that explores the daily life of a girl in the final weeks of middle school.
It is a movie in which “nothing happens,” and yet everything happens; on one level, there is no particular drama to the main character’s life, and yet on another level, the drama is profound and intense.
And of course, there is the all-too-familiar meanness of other kids and the anguish about whether you’ll ever fit in, anywhere.
It’s not easy watching — and don’t try to drag your eighth grader to go see it with you — but I highly recommend it.
It’s a reminder that the drama of becoming ourselves is filled with all kinds of peculiar milestones. From the outside, those milestones may seem utterly ordinary, scarcely even noticeable. Yet for us, they matter in ways we can scarcely put words to. A life in which “nothing happens” (or in which little has happened yet) still has plenty of drama. Plenty of becoming.
As a film, “Eighth Grade” may well torture you with your own memories of that drama. Watching it, you can’t help but see scenes from your own past playing out on the split screen of your mind.
But it will also remind you of the power of kindness — the incredible gift of someone who seems poised and perfect admitting their own nervousness and vulnerability. It acknowledges how momentous it can be when someone offers welcome for us that does not ask us to pretend we’re cool…because we’re cool enough just as we are.
In this, the movie is a powerful testament to the longing we feel when we’re searching for our tribe, and to the power of starting to find one.
And so, although it is not a “Christian” movie by any means, it might actually be the most Christian movie I have seen in a year.
It is not a film about a religious awakening.
But it names the longing of the human heart and the quest to understand the riddle of ourselves so honestly, without sentimentality or moralism. Its truths, such as they are, emerge from the messiness of living, which is the only way in which any of us, Christian or not, learn to live. And it affirms the power of authenticity, which is to be found only in turning away from the alluring prospect of assuming a fundamentally false self, and then in finding the strength to accept that we are accepted, even as we are.
Kierkegaard would love this movie. Other Christians should, too.
However it is that you are making it through the heat, humidity, and the many rainy afternoons of this summer, I hope you find your mind and heart growing, a sense of connection to your tribe, and a reminder of the power of stories to guide us.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on August 8, 2018 by maxgrantmg.
Last evening, red-tailed hawk perched for several minutes on the roof of the Parsonage’s front porch.
I was in my office when Liz called to tell me.
“Look out your window right now,” she said. And there it was.
We were worried it was injured — it was standing on one foot while holding up the other in a way that reminded me of how, long after her cast was gone, my grandmother held her wrist close to her body, having suffered a bad fall the previous winter.
Liz reported that when she and the girls had opened an upstairs window to get a better look, the hawk didn’t budge, but just watched them for a minute.
But when I went home to go “be helpful” in the unfolding situation, the hawk saw me coming along the walk and sailed off over the trees beyond the statue of the Union soldier. Maybe it was heading for the Rectory at Christ Church.
Standing below, I was the one who got the best view of its departure, as it dipped and rose, and with a few casual flicks of the wing, was out of view.
Creation never ceases to surprise me.
That’s part of what makes it so full of beauty and wonder — and why its sudden power can be so disconcerting.
Yesterday morning, we heard that the last of the twelve young Thai boys trapped in a remote cave with their soccer coach had been rescued by a team of remarkably brave frogmen from around the world. I have been praying for them since the team was first found alive last week.
Imagining their experience, I have thought about how a trip to check out a cave with your soccer team can turn so suddenly into a life or death race for high ground.
I wonder what they’ve learned about the world, and what they may have to learn differently as time goes on.
I worry that nature’s power could terrify them forever.
Nature is something that operates on its own, according to animal instincts or physical laws, perhaps, but endlessly and impassively rattling along in its evolved grooves, just the same.
Creation is the idea that the world is not just physical, but spiritual, too. It’s an affirmation that somehow, there is meaning in it, and some sort of higher purpose that is unfolding, even if sometimes it may be hard to discern.
Did God have some sort of monstrous “purpose” for the terror of those poor trapped children? Certainly not.
But the part of all of us that could not rest until they were found, and once found, that could not rest until they were rescued — whatever that required — was a reminder of how deeply precious life is, and how committed we remain to preserving it, and to being the kind of people who risk their own lives in the name of life.
Nature on its own is indifferent to that.
So I give thanks to be part of Creation, which I encounter in the beauty of the hawk here at home, and the bravery of frogmen far away.
May these summer days teach us to see the world with grateful eyes.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on July 11, 2018 by maxgrantmg.
The summer before I started Divinity School, I was spending a lot of time doing not much of anything.
On paper, I was quite busy.
I taught two sessions of Writer’s Camp.
I was serving as the summer pastor of my local church in Kent while the pastor was on sabbatical.
I was taking a stab at teaching myself Biblical Hebrew.
My t.v. was always on, too, with the sound on mute, because I was lonely and even with all that other stuff, I still had too much time on my hands, and so I was doing a lot of plain wandering around my apartment, thinking, pondering the start of divinity school, and what would turn out to be the end of a marriage, and whatever else.
It was hard to be leaving Kent, too.
That seems sort of funny now, because my plan at that particular moment was anything but leaving.
I was still going to be living on campus while I was studying at divinity school. Eating all my meals in the dining hall. Parking my car in the same spot. Preaching in the school chapel on the same schedule, every five weeks or so.
And I was going to be back full time in two years.
None of that happened, but that was the plan.
Still, even though that was the plan, it was hard to go.
Helping the kids was more or less my everything.
I wasn’t sure who I was if I wasn’t that person, even for just a little while.
So it was weird to be knocking around my apartment for an entire summer with nobody to go save.
That’s pretty common among a certain kind of teacher at a boarding school, especially the young ones.
It’s a very strange way to live. But I loved every second of it, and who it allowed me to be, and I was already feeling lost without it, and summer vacation was only three weeks old.
Anyway, so one afternoon, just after Fourth of July, there was a knock on my apartment door.
That was already unusual enough that summer, with campus mostly empty.
But I went to the door, and there, kind of dressed in summer gear, in shorts and shades, was a former student — a student who’d just graduated a few weeks before.
She was a really nice kid that I liked a lot. I’d even given her a nickname.
And I’d been there for her through the years.
She hadn’t had it easy at the school. Putting together the money to be there was hard for her parents, and her dad, especially, had a lot of bad things to say about preppies, and how he felt now that his daughter was turning into one.
We’d talked a lot about that over the years, this student and I.
And she said, “Great!” very brightly.
She had a large, kind of old school hard-shell briefcase in one hand.
“You’re just passing through and you wanted to come see your old teacher!” I said.
I said it in a friendly way, but inside I was churning.
The briefcase was an odd touch, somehow. Out of place.
I was suddenly wondering how this would look.
I was suddenly wondering how it would look if right at that moment the headmaster happened to stroll down the hallway and see me speaking alone to a not-so-former student in the doorway of my apartment with my soon-to-be-former-wife not in it.
Somehow I didn’t want that. But you know, you also don’t want to be rude, right?
You mean so much to these kids. They don’t know. They don’t see the optics of something like that the way that grown-ups do, right?
“Have a seat,” I said, wondering if there was a way I could call my friend Jessica the dean to have her just sort of happen by at that exact moment.
My student plotzed down in a chair and put the briefcase on my coffee table.
“Are you here to give me a new briefcase?” I said, sort of hopefully.
“No,” she said, somewhat coquettishly, which I have to say, I found utterly terrifying.
“Let me show you,” she said, spinning the buckles around to face her and undoing them expertly, with a decisive, coordinated SNAP.
She opened the briefcase and smiled broadly.
Then she slowly spun it back toward me. It was full of knives.
What do you feel in that moment?
The first thing I felt was relief…a whole lot of relief.
But I also felt like I was being played. And I don’t like feeling played.
It makes me go really quiet, really fast, which is what happened.
I remember telling myself to nod, to show that I was listening. They tell you that in counseling — to show that you’re listening.
So I nodded to show that.
I don’t know how long my former student had been selling Cutco knives.
But you don’t have to sell Cutco knives for all that long before you know when you haven’t closed a sale, and so for all intents and purposes, the demonstration was over about four minutes before she had actually finished.
But she gamely went on as I sat there, nodding awkwardly.
But I didn’t help her out. The only helping out I wanted to do was to help her get the heck out of my apartment before I got in big trouble.
I felt stupid that I had risked anything for some steak knives.
She shrugged and gave something between a smile and wince.
“I will,” I said, walking her to the door.
Yeah…that was a lonely summer. A weird time.
It wasn’t until several weeks later that I realized how weird that must have been for her, and how much lonelier she must have felt as she carried that briefcase back to her car and left campus once and for all.
In our Gospel this morning, Jesus says, “Prophets are not without honor, except in their hometown, and among their own kin, and in their own house” (Mark 6:4).
He says it when he preaches a sermon that goes over like a lead balloon in Nazareth, his hometown.
Because it turns out that the people who have known him longest and best are the people who know him least of all.
Many of us have had moments like that.
Maybe there really is a part of us that’s like Jesus.
But today I’m wondering about the part of us that isn’t.
I’m wondering about the part of us that is more like the people in that hometown crowd.
Because in every life there are people who show us that we aren’t the women and men we thought we were. The people we liked believing we were…or wanted to be known to be.
God relentlessly challenges us to see beyond the roles we like playing, and the plot lines we prefer, and the various characters who come in and out of our stories in precisely the ways we predict and only on cue.
“Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary?” is what they say when they hear Jesus.
In our own way, we say it, too.
But what if God created us with a very different story in mind?
What if Jesus came to liberate us from the stories that weren’t so much defining us but rather confining us?
What if the Holy Spirit was working to sustain us, not in these old shoes that we’ve long since outgrown, but in whatever it is that pulls us to walk in new paths, to seek out abundant life in new ways?
I think you can stay in Nazareth your whole life, but come to see it in new ways, and to play a different part in its unfolding story.
Because wherever we are, we’re called to be people who see what God is trying to do, and become part of that, and to let go of the other stuff, which is not the real story, after all.
It can be painful to learn that we are not who we thought we were.
But sometimes, that’s the only way to become the people that we should be.
Was Jesus telling me that in the name of compassion, in the name of welcoming the prodigal home, I was supposed to buy those steak knives from my former student?
Or was Jesus counting on me to show her that true friendship wasn’t something to buy and sell — that there was more to her, something she needed to seek until she found it?
At the time, I didn’t ask either Jesus or myself the question.
Sometimes we never know. Sometimes, the answers never become entirely clear.
But what did I bring to that encounter? And having had it, what did I learn from it that I brought into other encounters? And how much of either had anything whatsoever to do with Jesus, and how he tells me how to live?
Because the Christ who comes to liberate us and the Spirit who sustains us are knocking on our door constantly, with a thousand different faces, inviting us to grow in a thousand different ways.
And that means, in part, that the good we might do, and the difference we might make are right on our doorstep. Ringing the doorbell at any moment.
In Nazareth, they didn’t want to hear that. Couldn’t hear that. Rejected the proof right before their very eyes of that.
Because the hope of the world is that we will hear, and that we will see, and that we will respond with faith and love, wherever they may lead.
May we find the power to make that choice, whenever and however it may come.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on July 6, 2018 by maxgrantmg.
The Sunday closest to the Fourth of July always gets your attention if you’re an American preacher.
It feels like it ought to be a big Sunday — a moment to reflect on God and country — a moment to preach a big sermon. To offer a grand reflection.
If you’d rather talk about something lighter, you know, the merits of ketchup versus mustard on a hot dog, or the ethics of the designated hitter in baseball, we can understand that.
The Fourth is a time when, as a people, we re-tell some of our most important stories to ourselves.
Stories remind us who we are. Where we’ve been. What it took to get through it.
They also point us — or reorient us — toward whom we should be. Toward whom we might be. Where we go from here.
You don’t even have to look that far or dig that deeply for them.
There was a story like that in the news just the other day.
I’m sure you heard about the loss of life at the Annapolis Capital Gazette, that local newspaper in Annapolis, Maryland, where five staff members were shot and killed by a local man who seems to have had an ongoing feud with the paper stretching back several years.
The story, as such, is only just emerging, and I’m sure there is a great deal more that we will learn.
But in the hours after the tragedy, something amazing happened, and I don’t know if you heard about that part.
Because in the hours after the tragedy, there were, of course, those who had been in the newsroom, as usual, and were either victims or witnesses to a crime being interviewed by the police.
Yet there were also a handful of people who, for one reason or another, had not been there at the time of the incident.
And in the hours after it occurred, the reporters and photographers and the lone editor who had not been in the newsroom that morning did something incredible…something that I found to be a tremendous act of grace.
Working out of someone’s pickup truck, they made the decision to report the story of what had happened in their own newsroom.
They made the decision to put out the next day’s paper.
In the face of their personal bewilderment and grief, they decided that there was really only one thing they could do: which was to do their jobs.
And so, at the official police briefing later that afternoon, you could see reporters from all the usual places: AP, Reuters, the Wall Street Journal, the Baltimore Sun, several t.v. news outlets…all the people we’d expect.
But there, too, standing to one side, was someone that we might not have expected at all: and that was Pat Furgurson, reporting for the Annapolis Capital Gazette.
Because it mattered to tell this story.
It mattered to be counted among those who were charged with its telling.
And on a day when a group of lucky survivors gathered in a parking lot outside a tragedy, they decided that whatever else they were…whoever else they were…what they were, above all, was a group of reporters responsible for telling a painful story to the shaken people of their community…including themselves.
Is that somehow uniquely American?
But I think it points to the best in us.
Imagine the moral capacity of a nation made up of such commitment and courage.
So on the Fourth of July, in particular, we are reminded that our stories matter, and that it matters to be counted among those who are charged with their telling.
This is how we engage with who we are.
Of course, for the unnamed woman in this morning’s Gospel story, this woman who has suffered bleeding for twelve years, it’s hard to imagine how such noble sentiments would have come across.
While we don’t know exactly what her medical condition is supposed to be, clearly it isn’t just tennis elbow.
It also seems significant that when the story opens she’s presented to us as just another face in the crowd, part of this formless peloton of woe that has started to follow Jesus wherever he goes — but it stretches even beyond that, because even there, she’s on the edge of that crowd.
She’s one of the ones who gets pushed to the back.
It seems hard to believe that you’d find yourself in that kind of place if you had options. Any options.
If you’ve ever been to the Emergency Room on a Saturday night and get handed a number and pointed to a bolted down plastic chair to wait, you can get a window into the chaos of other peoples’ lives.
It becomes so very clear that nobody would be there if they had any choice.
The crowd that surrounds Jesus in this instance isn’t any different. These are not the eager pilgrims or a few neurotic Pharisees. These are the miserable. The desperate.
These are the people who have been written off…written out of the stories that would have anchored them.
The ancients believed physical health was a window into someone’s moral purity — so…so much for that.
They believed that women were a diminished and derivative form of human being.
There were even daily prayers of thanksgiving in the synagogue that gave gratitude God that one had not been born a woman, and for that matter, women were not permitted to speak there in the first place.
Public faith was a man’s job. Period.
Even more than today, money bought care and comfort and attention.
It bought visibility and had the capacity to bend some of the rules.
It isn’t simply that this woman has been suffering for ages, although that is, of course, true.
It’s that in the eyes of her own people, whatever this woman had been before, now she is a non-person.
What becomes of “non-people”? People for whom there is no place in our story?
I’m not sure we can even know.
They can become invisible…that much more unknowable.
And that’s what this Gospel story is all about.
Because somehow, this woman decides she has had it with that old story…that old story that has no place for her.
She sees in Jesus the possibility of closing that out.
By the grace of God, she decides that it’s not even about getting Jesus’ attention–his touch, his look, his blessing–all that public recognition.
She decides all she has to do is touch the fringe of his cloak: all she has to do is touch the littlest, dangliest, floating in the breeze by his ankles part of him, and something new was bound to happen.
And it works. Something does happen. She knows instantly that she is better.
Her nightmare is finally over.
But it’s then that the real miracle occurs.
Because it turns out that Jesus is attuned to what’s happening even in the littlest, dangliest, floating in the breeze by his ankles parts of him.
He feels the power within him shift somehow.
And yes, something has shifted, all right. It sure has.
Because the whole point of this is that it’s actually the beginning of a newstory.
With God’s help, she is starting to write it, right then and there.
She’s no longer invisible. Because she’s known. She’s seen.
The world may not see. God sees.
And so, when Jesus calls out to the crowd, Mark says, she steps out.
It is still “with fear and trembling” that she does it, but she does it. She steps forward.
This wasn’t easy to do. Old narratives are hard to let go of.
But of course, the point is that she’d already taken the first step just by reaching out for him in the first place.
In Jesus, she is already learning to be a different person.
In Jesus, she trades invisibility for personhood, misery for hope, and death for life.
Sisters and brothers, our stories matter.
It matters to be counted among those who are charged with their telling.
This is how the world learns to see anew.
At its best, the American story is that kind of story, and it teaches us to rise to the moment to be a courageous, generous, clear-eyed, fair-minded people, like those journalists in Annapolis.
At its best, America has taught the world to see anew.
The story of Jesus tells us that in all times and places, seeing and serving, healing and helping is God’s story, and God’s clear directive for our lives.
It reminds us that nobody is invisible to God, nobody is unwanted by God, and nobody is hopeless to God.
God is on the side of new stories, and with our God all things are possible.
God issues a challenge to all the nations to go beyond counting our blessings and to ask ourselves whom it might be that those very blessings might be keeping us from seeing.
That’s the kind of righteousness that God requires.
May we seek it in ourselves.
May we write it on our hearts.
May we learn to proclaim it from sea to shining sea.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on June 30, 2018 by maxgrantmg.
The air-conditioning is on the fritz in the church van.
The Pacific House monthly meal team reported it yesterday, and Shawn, who is preparing to take a group of our young people on a mission trip to Washington, D.C. this coming Sunday, rightly sounded the alarm.
“We will definitely need this for D.C. in July,” he wrote in an email.
I come from the days of “440 air-conditioning” — four windows down, 40 miles an hour.
When my friends began getting their licenses, and began inheriting a fleet of decrepit Oldsmobiles, Mercury Cougars, and paneled station wagons from their grandparents, we were more focused on the sweetness of our freedom, pure and simple.
The fact that the plastic seats gave us all second-degree burns…or that you had to bring a Coke with you on any long trip because, you know…no air conditioning…or that the radio had no knobs and was only AM to begin with…well, that hardly mattered.
We were free. Masters of our fate. Kings of the road.
Yet actually, I am fairly confident that we were not.
Yes, our cars were crummier. But then I think about where we were going in those cars. Driving the mean streets of Madison, Connecticut to go see “Ghostbusters” or to score free food from our friends who were working at McDonald’s wasn’t exactly bearing the cross, even if it was in somebody’s grandmother’s old station wagon.
The fact is, we were remarkably blessed, and utterly sheltered, and we lived out our summers happily, with little expectation that we’d have a view larger than Labor Day.
Our parents weren’t worried about our values, and they knew that life would end up teaching us plenty, and soon enough.
That some of us already had lives far harder, and in some cases, more desperate than they appeared did not occur to anyone.
That our values were more precarious than our parents’ great love for and faith in us allowed for did not occur to anyone, either.
That’s why I feel so strongly about Shawn’s summer mission trips to DC, and all the ways in which we are inviting our young people to develop that larger view now, rather than vaguely waiting for “life to teach them” how complicated and heartbreaking the world can be.
I find that they have a much clearer sense of vulnerability than most of us ever did, both in the worlds they know and the ones they don’t.
I love how many of them are inclined to push back against the kind of easy world that I, for one, was all too happy to dwell in when I was their age.
They seek out complexity and honesty about the world’s challenges, and want to see and know for themselves, and I find great hope in that.
It reminds me of the disciples, who had far from easy lives, to be sure, but who also had every incentive to stay put—to keep their worlds small and familiar and predictable—but who encountered Jesus, and found their perspective stretched, and their hearts yearning to see and know for themselves what God was doing in the world, and so set out to follow him.
I don’t know that our kids will find Jesus in Washington, DC next week. But I believe he will be shaping much of what they do find. His goodness will shape their goodness, and his wisdom, their wisdom.
That promise is what church is all about.
So I decided to spring for some new freon. Told the guy to check the oil while he was at it.
If these kids are softer than I was, God bless them. They’re soft in all the ways that matter. That’s a blessing for us all.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on June 27, 2018 by maxgrantmg. | 2019-04-22T10:49:44Z | https://maxgrant.net/category/uncategorized/ |
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Dropbox is an incredible temptation for enterprise users, nevertheless it’s a protection no-no in most groups. One Dropbox option you may are looking to consider is Rocket software‘s R/hyperlink. The Java-based product, which Rocket launched a year in the past, provides effective managed file transfer (MFT) capabilities and a nifty HTML5 interface that lets clients securely stream information throughout numerous devices, from smartphones and capsules to IBM i servers and mainframes.
R/link all started existence as a concept on Steve Bireley’s whiteboard. Rocket’s managing director of R&D favored the benefit-of-use of the frequent file sharing provider, but its mounting safety problems led him and others to believe there changed into a marketplace for a more robust file sharing system that lived not on the cloud, but on-premise.
Rocket has been reasonably a success in constructing its product portfolio by the use of acquisition. The IBM i products developed by way of Aldon, Seagull, and Datamirror now sit cozily internal the Rocket’s hull. however when it got here to constructing an on-prem MFT product, Rocket determined to construct it by way of itself.
The effect is R/link, which the enterprise launched quietly about a yr in the past. The product bears the hallmarks of MFT. It helps main file switch protocols, including FTP, SFTP, FTPS, and HTTPS. protection-intelligent, it points PGP, AES, and SSL-based mostly encryption, helps key management capabilities, presents authentication via LDAP or energetic directory, and continues an audit log of all actions. It helps time- and adventure-based mostly scheduling, has examine-aspect restarting to be sure the successful transfers of huge data.
Having a straightforward-to-use UI changed into a vital design point for R/link. The company satisfied that requirement with a folder-oriented workflow process referred to as My Share. it really works type of like Dropbox, in that clients can create a folder, add data into it, and share that folder with inner and exterior clients. but in contrast to Dropbox, the information are under no circumstances stored within the cloud. as a substitute, they’re stored in R/link servers sitting behind the shoppers’ firewalls.
The My Share characteristic of R/hyperlink permits clients to share their folders.
The utility is written in Java, enabling it to run on everything from home windows and Linux servers to mainframes and the IBM i server, the place it’s been verified and is supported operating on Apache Tomcat. supporting IBM‘s massive iron is essential, considering that Rocket is “primarily an IBM mainframe and AS/400 enterprise,” Bireley says.
R/link can access files living on the IBM i server in two approaches: in the course of the JNI interface or directly throughout the IFS. The product doesn’t aid direct database entry to DB2 for i for the time being, besides the fact that children Rocket has other file transfer products that do, and it will be pretty easy to construct that means into R/link, Bireley says.
One early R/link client makes use of the product to push payroll records from an IBM i server to its financial institution. A CL job initiates the transfer of payroll records from the IBM i server to R/hyperlink over plain vanilla FTP, which is exceptional on account that it’s behind the firewall. R/link then handles the protocol conversion to SSH-primarily based FTP (SFTP), and handles the encryption key trade with the financial institution. When the payroll processing is finished, the financial institution makes use of SFTP to push the records returned to R/link, which then transfers it to the IBM i server by the use of FTP.
R/link became lately merged into Trubiquity, a hosted file switch and B2B enterprise that Rocket acquired in March. whereas the Trubiquity product line excels in presenting B2B and EDI managed capabilities amongst corporations of buying and selling companions, R/link will continue its function of presenting comfortable and hosted file sharing.
PHOENIX, Dec 09, 2013 (company WIRE) -- In guide of its persevered boom, Axway (nyse euronext:AXW.PA), a pacesetter in governing the circulate of records, announced today it has added three new members to its leadership crew and Axway executive Committee. Nick Ferrante, previously of IBM, has joined Axway as EVP of international revenue; Paul Shortell, formerly of Oracle, has taken the position of Axway's SVP of knowledgeable services, North the united states; and Laurent Bride, previously of SAP, is Axway's new EVP of analysis and construction (R&D). of their roles, Ferrante, Shortell and Bride will aid Axway meet the growing to be global demand for the Axway 5 Suite, which is the trade's most effective answer that helps organizations govern the flow of information across commercial enterprise, cloud and mobile environments.
"Nick, Paul and Laurent's adventure and knowledge in leading revenue, features and construction groups, as well as their deep figuring out of commercial enterprise integration and application infrastructure, may be totally positive in helping guide the longer term boom of the Axway 5 Suite and their clients' organizations," noted Christophe Fabre, CEO, Axway. "Their leadership of their respective market segments will help drive common adoption of the Axway 5 Suite, and cement their position as a worldwide chief in governing the circulate of records."
Nick Ferrante joins Axway with greater than 30 years' journey main global earnings groups, most recently because the director of global sales for IBM's company options portfolio. previous to his time with IBM, Ferrante held income management positions at companies together with Sterling Commerce, Yahoo! and Amdahl/Fujitsu, with involvement in international income, advertising and world operations. In his new position, Ferrante will be chargeable for overseeing Axway's global revenue companies. His fundamental intention can be using income productivity and client delight for the Axway 5 Suite, in alignment with the company's mission to aid groups govern the stream of statistics.
Paul Shortell brings to Axway more than 30 years' event in service firm management, most currently serving as SVP of Oracle's North the us functions consulting enterprise. all the way through his 25 years at Oracle, Shortell held a big range of duties, together with consumer interaction, answer promoting and providing services that drove client success with the aid of maximizing funding in integrated product options. In his new position, Shortell will lead Axway's North American expert functions company to be certain Axway continues to deliver the absolute best consumer adventure to its starting to be client base. he will additionally take a task in world customer provider by way of aiding the boom of the Axway 5 Suite.
Laurent Bride joins Axway with more than 17 years of IT and construction adventure. earlier than becoming a member of Axway, he changed into SVP of superior development at SAP. Bride has wide capabilities in the a success construction and birth of commercial enterprise software items, as well as using the integration of put up-merger technologies. additionally, Bride spent 10 years at company Objects, where he developed deep expertise in complex business software development with a different attention to expertise innovation. In his new role, Bride should be accountable for constructing and sustaining all of Axway's items and platforms, and will oversee Axway's R&D teams within the U.S., Asia and Europe.
The appointments construct on Axway's large growth and momentum, which contains industry-first innovations and strong global increase. In February 2013, Axway added the Axway 5 Suite, which uniquely combines software integration with B2B, MFT, and API management. In its latest financial consequences, Axway recorded striking third quarter results with Q3 biological enterprise increase up 13.eight percent on Q3 2012. moreover, in consciousness of its persevered focus on innovation, Gartner named Axway a frontrunner in its newest On-Premises application Integration Suites Magic Quadrant(1) and the Axway Suite 5 was listed as a 'Champion' within the supplier matrix of information-Tech research group's latest Managed File switch vendor panorama file.
Axway 5 Suite offers control and optimization of the flow of facts via integration, visibility, policy, security and reliability to govern enterprise-to-business interactions, communities, systems and facts types -- within and past the business facet.
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I’m an advocate for unusual names. I’m willing to defend a lot of choices that are outside the mainstream, whether it is reviving a name all-but-lost, choosing a non-dominant spelling, embracing an unconventional word, or deciding to borrow from another language.
Sure, an unusual name might raise a few eyebrows – but in our age of Jayden and North, chances are that you won’t choose a truly crazy baby name – no matter how different that name may be.
But can you go too far? Well, yes.
How do you know if your choice crosses a line – and what line exactly, are you measuring against?
We’ve all heard names that feel over the top. But defining exactly why they qualify as crazy baby names is a little tougher.
Ultimately, it is a personal decision based on your lifestyle and values. If you’re a performance artist living in New York or L.A., and all of your friends are in similarly creative fields, I can guarantee that you can blithely violate many of these guidelines – though your parents in Poughkeepsie might not be thrilled.
Now, a disclaimer: most of these rules can be blithely ignored when you’re choosing a middle name.
Here are twelve tests that might – might – signal that you’ve gone too far.
12. The name has never appeared in the US Top 1000.
Make no mistake – there are some amazing names that have yet to crack the US Top 1000. Even more names once appeared, but no longer chart. Cordelia, anyone?
But if a name has never appeared on the Top 1000 list, it may be unfamiliar to many. This isn’t a dealbreaker, but it is worth considering – how much patience do you really have for repeating your child’s name? If saying “No, it isn’t Mason, it’s Macon, like the city in Georgia” will make you batty, then this yellow light is for you.
11. The name has never been given to five children in a single year.
The US Social Security Administration reports every name given to five or more children in a given year. You can find the data on their website here, or search names at Nancy’s Baby Names.
These are the names that no one is using, names could surprise – or even shock – others.
10. There’s a negative dictionary definition associated with the name.
Let’s be clear: the fact that your mother-in-law knew a mean girl called Sabrina in grade school does not automatically disqualify the name.
And once a name goes mainstream, the meaning is less of a concern. Mallory means unfortunate, but Family Ties made it a possibility.
9. The name creates significant gender confusion.
Oh, this is a dicey topic.
I’m willing to defend naming a girl Elliot or naming a boy Ashley. But Ashley William is better than Ashley Quinn for a son, and Elliot Jane is better than Elliot James for a daughter. Even if you’re wild about gender neutral names, a clearly gendered middle can serve as a good fallback in case your child finds it frustrating.
Of course, things change. I raised an eyebrow when friends of ours chose Avery Quinn for their daughter fifteen years ago. Now, of course, Avery is a solid favorite for girls, and Quinn, too, is more common for Team Pink.
Some gender-bending would be downright strange. A girl named Lyle? Maybe, in our Lily-Lyla-Delilah age. And yes to Frankie and Charlie and Georgie, too. But just plain George? Frank rather than Frances? Charles instead of Charlotte or Charlene? The light changes from yellow to red.
8. The string of names is long. Very, very long.
Uma Thurman went for broke when she named baby number three. She and French financier Arpad Busson welcomed Rosalind Arusha Arkadina Altalune Florence in 2012. They call her Luna for short. If you’re counting, that’s five given names – two more than little George Alexander Louis, future King of England.
Two middles is absolutely fine. Two middles and a double-barreled surname? Sure.
I understand Uma’s impulse, but a little bit of restraint isn’t a bad thing. This is even more true if your child is going to be known by a third or fourth middle, meaning a name that many an official form will unwittingly omit.
7. The name is a foreign import that sounds great in another language – but is tricky to pronounce in English.
Importing a name from another language can be a great way to honor your heritage and find something distinctive for your child.
But consider this question before you proceed: can the average American English speaker say the name in a way that is pleasing?
Yes, I know. It is lazy and disrespectful to automatically convert unfamiliar names to a mainstream alternative. But it is also foolhardy to choose a name with sounds that cannot be reasonably pronounced by non-native speakers.
And I don’t mean Niamh – a non-intuitive spelling doesn’t stop us from correctly pronouncing this name. I mean names that are butchered in English because Americans can’t say the ts or the cz sound, or the vowels, as intended.
If your beloved name isn’t the same when said in English, it might be time to consider a name that crosses over more gracefully.
6. The name is embarrassingly hard to live up to.
Yes, we’ve called our children Grace and Constance for years, and names like Propser, Mercy, and True fall somewhere between Puritan revival picks and modern virtue names. But even if such names convey an ideal, it is one ideal – not a general image of flawlessness.
Hyper-masculine names fit into this category, too. Yes to Gunnar – he’s Germanic, whether he’s a crack shot or no. But Blade? Rowdy? You might be the coolest of the cool, but what if your kiddo ends up a bookworm?
Some of these daring names do go mainstream – Miracle is now in the girls’ Top 1000, and Legend ranks for boys. I’ve rethought my position on Maverick – if the name ranks #272, it has lost much of its shock value.
And there’s no guarantee that your kids, Perfection and Awesome, will spark a trend. And what’s it like to bring home a C on the spelling test or get cut from the basketball team when you’re supposed to be Awesome?
5. The name lacks phonetic transparency.
I first heard the term “phonetic transparency” here. While Name Lab works with corporate clients, I think it applies to choosing names for human beings, too – it should be easily pronounced, based on the spelling.
There’s something to be said for sticking with a standard spelling – in an age of scanning, our eyeballs immediately recognize Michael and Georgia and Madeline. And yet Madolin and Mykel and Jorja just squeak past – they might cause some confusion, and a whole lot of let-me-spell-it-for-you. But they’re not unwearable.
But how about Meily? Is it a respelling of Miley? Or maybe Maylee? Or a surname name in the first spot? Even if it is your maiden name, it is worth considering whether Meily works as a given name.
Likewise, if a respelling is miles away from the expected, it might spell trouble. I once saw Eighmei suggested on a message board. Yes, that’s a tortured respelling of Amy. Eimee might be okay, but Eighmei? That’s just excessive.
4. The name requires complex punctuation.
I’ve seen K’lee and M’kayla and J’den, and I get it. I understand that they’re the same as Kaylee, Makayla, and Jayden.
Names like these are recorded in official records as Klee, Mkayla, and Jden. I think I would automatically know how to say the second two, but the first doesn’t instantly say “Kaylee” to my eyes.
Diacritical marks are an even dicier subject. Ask any French teacher – yup, you have to know the different between grave and aigu, and the circonflexe is not optional. But here in the US – and online – they’re quite often omitted. (They’re officially banned in Australia.) We know how to say Jose and Chloe without the marks, so you’re probably safe importing most names. And my personal observation is that in daily use, plenty of kids use them without difficulty. But if it will drive you batty to find that your state won’t include the mark on your child’s birth certificate? You may want to find another name.
3. It is the name of a fictional villain.
No, you cannot name your child Anakin.
Wait, I take it back. Nothing will stop you from naming your child Anakin. I love the sound. So did 143 other sets of parents who gave the name to their son in 2013. Like Maverick or Messiah, the more mainstream a name becomes, the lower the shock value.
But you wouldn’t consider Maleficient. And Bane is a super villain in the Batman universe. Both names combine a negative meaning with a memorable bad guy figure.
Sure, we later learn the backstories on plenty of bad guys, and they’re reinvented as just plain misunderstood. I suppose that’s the deal with Anakin.
But when it comes to borrowing from fiction, you’re almost always on safer ground with a hero – or at least a neutral figure.
2. The name has a deeply spiritual significance to others.
This might be one of the most challenging prohibitions, because frankly, we know what we know. And no one chooses their child’s name with the intent to insult others.
But that’s precisely what has happened. The two most common examples? The controversial Cohen, a name reserved for the priesthood in Judaism, and names like Dakota and Cheyenne, taken from Native American tribes.
The line is fuzzy at best. Trinity strikes me as borderline sacrilege, but I know people of faith who arrive at Trinity as a deeply spiritual choice.
1. The name connotes evil. Actual, black-hearted evil.
Remember when I said you can’t name your child Anakin. Except that you can.
You cannot name your child Hitler.
Another one? While the sound is lovely and the meaning has aspects beyond the satanic, Lucifer also feels impossibly unwearable – regardless of your personal beliefs.
Happily, the list of truly unthinkable names is brief. Most choices are more nuanced – bad people and good have answered to George and Elizabeth, Ryan and Laura, and nearly every name in between.
But if you’re choosing a name purely for shock value, a name that will be jaw-droppinlgy controversial from kindergarten to job interviews to fifty years post-mortem, when the name is found on a gravestone?
That’s way beyond the scope of this list.
Do you agree or disagree with this list? Would you add any other rules?
Good thoughts. We might have crossed the line a time of two. No one ever forgets our kids’ names. As a famous woman once said, “Never underestimate the power of a unique name”.
You know what is funny, is that many of the names we see on our Great-greats, our Great, heck, just our grandparents has shock value to this society. So in many ways it can be transparent and opinions change. I have an Adolph and MANY MANY Adolphines’ in my family. Yet, Adolph strikes everyone as a red flag, but Adolphine slips right past the radar. So even then opinions have a way to be hypercritical and contradict each other. .
On the graves of our great(s+) is what I meant to say.
I completely disagree with saying 11 and 12. Just because everyone else isn’t using it didn’t make it a bad choice. Bernadette isn’t on the top 1000 and its a beautiful name..
Ottilie,Phaedra,Tesla…all Foreign Names but completely usable And beautiful. 2 of those Are my own kids names.
Siobhan,Soirse…also uncommon and foreign but most people understand them. I would use Siobhan or Siorse in a second.
But it DOES make it the kind of name that others may perceive as out there. Nothing wrong with that, especially in 2015. I also wrote In Defense of Atlas and Apple, which you’ll probably like better!
What a great list! #1 makes me a bit sad, because I genuinely think Lucifer is a beautiful name – the sound, the meaning ‘bringer of light’ or ‘morning-star’, the Jay-Z song of the same name… But I agree with you that it’s a total no-go. I guess it’s my ‘Veruca’!
I’ve decided I don’t care about #5, phonetic transparency, since I moved from US to Oz and they “phoneticize” the “ah” sound with an “r” because you NEED an “r” to say “ah”! Phonetics is so vulnerable to accent and we’re in such a mobile time that I’d rather live and die by the “this is how it’s spelled, okay?!” And besides, phonetics never gets trotted out for why people shouldn’t use Thomas or Michael.
My own name passes #5, but fails #12. But I have an easy nickname so it’s fine.
I can never decide how much I care about #7.
My niece is Lily, nicknamed Lyle by her dad, and it was jarring for a bit, but now seems completely normal!
The villain thing (rule #1) is one that really gets stuck in my craw… and in saying that, I mean that I agree whole-heartedly.
Yet people have begun naming their daughters Jezebel and Delilah. Are they pretty names? Well, sure. I guess. But they’re the in the same icky-no-no category as Aryan. It’s unloving to name your children after purely horrible people.
I agree with the whole gender-bending (rule #9) nonsense being obnoxious. Every guy I have ever asked has ardently declared they would NEVER date or marry a girl that shared their name… which is so sad for Cody the girl who has a crush on Cody the guy.
And, finally, I have to say that what rule #4 addresses comes with other problems, too. One of my adopted sons had a bizarrely-punctuated name. So much of his paperwork, history, school records, medical records, and personal items were lost because of the wild use of apostrophes. When it came time for adoption finalization, our lawyer had found more than five aliases on formal documents because no one knew how to spell such a convoluted name. His last teacher at school had even spelled his name with a hyphen! The result: our poor boy has lost whatever he doesn’t remember. When he came home, we gave him a new name. The first time he introduced himself with it, an elderly gentleman simply said, “Hello! Nice to meet you!” Our son whipped around to us and with wide eyes said, “I didn’t have to repeat myself or spell anything!” The ‘apostrophe name’ was a noose around his neck. It didn’t make him feel special or original; it made him feel ridiculous and trapped.
So, thank you, Abby! This is a post I intend to direct a lot of parents to!
Please advise: I am seriously thinking about naming my son Seneca Noel Di Luca Hoffeter.
Too long? Too gender confusing?
Ooh … that’s a tough one.
Seneca was given to 19 boys and 29 girls in 2013. In 2007, 40 girls and 41 boys. It actually had a good run for boys in the 1970s, and isn’t really gaining for either gender right now – it seems pretty rare. So, while many might perceive it as feminine, I think you’re in the clear to use Seneca as a boys’ first name. Some people see the ‘a’ at the end of Asa and Ezra and think “oh, girl name,” but Seneca’s history as masculine is pretty familiar.
Noel is actually far more common for a man than a woman – 774 boys to 174 girls in 2013, which is a pretty healthy margin. Even at the height of Noel’s popularity for girls, it was always more common for boys.
So … while I had some initial hesitation, I think Seneca Noel just squeaks by.
The two surnames seems absolutely fine – it isn’t uncommon, and even though Di Luca is written with a space, it is said and understood as one name.
If there were another middle name you really loved, I’d seriously consider it. But assuming you have good reasons for choosing both names, I think you’re in the clear. I’m going to ask a Q about Seneca on FB … curious to see what others think!
Neither too long nor all that confusing. Just point out Chief Seneca. Are you saying Noll or No-ell when prn. Noel? Either works, but Noll would make it less confusing when you say the name.
love this! I do have a set of girl twins friends…Lyle and Mary Ralph. They rock the names!
I think there should be a Mary exception – you can pair pretty much any name with Mary, and I’m completely okay with it. This is probably because I’m Catholic, and women religious have taken names like Sr. Mary Ark of the Convenant. Which shortens to Sr. Mary Ark, and even Sr. Ark, which I find delightfully daffy. But even outside of Catholic circles, I do think names like Mary Ralph are surprisingly wearable – certainly more than, say, Ralphette or Ralphine. And Lyle – well, I can see it on a girl. Lila, Lilly, Lyle … someone I know shortlisted it for a daughter years ago, but has had two boys.
Fantastic list. I think this covers just about everything. Well done! | 2019-04-23T02:03:42Z | https://appellationmountain.net/crazy-baby-names-12-warning-signs/ |
The Bible says many different things about priests. The Hebrew word kohen (often spelled “Cohen” or “Coen” in modern Jewish names) means “priest,” and first occurs in the Bible to describe Melchizedek in Genesis 14:18, frankly a somewhat surprising passage. The term is also used of Egyptian and Midianite priests (including the fathers-in-law of Joseph and of Moses), before it was ever used for Israelites. Curiously, it was first used of Israelites at Mount Sinai, where the Lord chose the descendants of Israel to be “a kingdom of priests and a holy nation” (Exodus 19:6). On the other hand, already at Mount Sinai there seem to have been certain individuals designated “the priests who draw near to the Lord” who are distinguished from “the people” (Exodus 19:22,24). After the choice of Aaron and his descendants to be those who sacrificed the burnt offerings to the Lord (Exodus 28:1), the word kohen was forcefully limited to them (Numbers 16-17, especially 16:10). Later, there are a few idolatrous exceptions, such as when Micah of Ephraim makes an idol and consecrates a son as priest, and later hires a Levite (Judges 17-18, especially 17:5). Curiously, the author of Judges used such idolatry as a demonstration of how the people go astray without a king, but later it was Jeroboam bin Nebat, the first king of the breakaway northern kingdom of Israel, who ordained priests for his two golden calves of Bethel and Dan, and he ordained them “from among all the people who were not of the sons of Levi” (1 Kings 12:31, repeated 1 Kings 13:33). The job of the Israelite priests was to sacrifice the offerings and to serve as experts of God’s law revealed through Moses, though some of them shirked their tasks. They could also act as housing inspectors (Leviticus 14) and appraisers (Leviticus 27).
Throughout the rest of the Old Testament, kohen was used of pagan priests and Israelite priests, with the exception of a few surprising prophecies. David wrote in Psalm 110:4: “The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind: You are a priest forever, according to the order of Melchizedek.” Isaiah wrote, after his prophecy of the one anointed by God’s Spirit, “You will be called the priests of the Lord. You will be spoken of as ministers of our God” (Isaiah 61:6). At the very end of his book, Isaiah wrote that God would gather worshipers from the foreign nations, and “I will also take some of them for priests and Levites” (Isaiah 66:21). Finally, Zechariah saw in a vision the high priest of his day, Yehoshua’ bin Yehozadaq (Joshua, son of Jehozadak) representing the Messianic “Branch” who is both a priest and a ruling king (Zechariah 6:11-13). It may be worth noting that the Aramaic form of his name is Yeshu’, the Greek Iesous; it is the same name as Jesus.
Some would think this conclusively resolves the question in favor of the Protestant notion of the priesthood of all believers and against the notion of clergy. But the letters of the New Testament frequently mention clergy; they just do so under a different word. That word is not the Greek hiereus, corresponding to the Hebrew kohen, the old priests of the temple sacrifices. That word is presbyteros (πρεσβυτερος), commonly translated “elder”: Acts 11:30; 14:23; 15: passim; 16:4; 20:17; 21:18; 1 Timothy 5:17 and 19; Titus 1:5; James 5:14; 1 Peter 5:1-5; 2 John 1; 3 John 1. The “elders” could also be referred to as a body, the “presbyterion”: 1 Timothy 4:14. The term “elder” was also used of some Jewish leaders (e.g. Acts 4:5), of course. But other terms were also used for Christian clergy, such as episkopos (Acts 20:28; Philippians 1:1; 1 Timothy 3:1-2; Titus 1:7), a synonym of presbyteros which is sometimes translated “overseer” or “superintendant,” and from which the English term “bishop” is derived through Latin. Other terms used, with uncertain relationship to these, include “shepherd” (poimen in Ephesians 4:11,; cf. Acts 20:28 for a related verb) the Latin translation of which is pastor, and “teacher” (also Ephesians 4:11 as well as Acts 13:1; 1 Corinthians 12:28-29; James 3:1; 2 Timothy 1). I am neglecting, of course, other terms such as “apostle,” “prophet,” “evangelist,” “preacher,” etc., which are (debatably) not as relevant to the question at hand, as well as “deacons” which are relevant, but have their own history.
What emerges from this is that the earliest Christians had ordained ministers, who were called by a variety of titles, but most commonly presbyteros and episkopos. The term hiereus is never used in scripture for a Christian leader other than Christ himself, though it is used of all Christians, and Paul once used a related verb metaphorically of his own ministry. In other words, both the “priesthood of all believers” and the practice of ordaining clergy have biblical warrant. There is thus no necessary conflict between these beliefs and practices.
So why are Roman Catholic (and Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran) clergy called “priests”? One theory, and plausible enough, is that the odd English word “priest” (German Priester, French prêtre) is actually derived from the Greek word presbyteros. On this theory, clergy are called “priests” simply because that is derived from the Greek term they were always called. (Syriac Christians translated presbyteros, rather than borrowing it as a loanword the way European Christians did.) Initially, Latin-speaking Christians maintained the distinction between presbyter (they simply took the word from Greek) and sacerdos (which translated hiereus, for the Jewish priests who did the sacrifices).
At some point (I think around the fourth century, although I would welcome corrections), Christian authors began to apply the terms hiereus and sacerdos, previously used only of Jewish and pagan priests, of Christ, and of the priesthood of all believers, to the Christian clergy as well. I suspect this went hand in hand with regarding the Eucharist as a sacrifice, and if only these clergy were allowed to offer this sacrifice, they came to be regarded as the sacrificing priests. Even this need not cause a contradiction, however, if it is remembered that the term is used for two different sorts of sacrifices: those things which all Christians sacrifice (namely their living bodies, their faith, some monetary donations, praising God, or “doing good and sharing“), and those which only ordained clergy sacrifice.
It must be confessed, however, that this conceptual dualism was not maintained, and many Church leaders in Western Europe were very skeptical regarding even the possibility of salvation for laity. According to a lecture I once heard from Benedicta Ward in Oxford, no less a theologian than Anselm of Canterbury counseled an aristocratic laywoman to keep a nun’s veil to hand, so that she could rapidly take monastic vows if she saw death or the Lord’s return approaching. The monastic route was the via securior (“the more secure path”) to salvation. As the pagan nations of Western Europe were Christianized wholesale, there was only inconsistent attention to catechesis, and if lay Christians were instructed in the Lord’s Prayer, the Ten Commandments, the Seven Virtues and their opposing Vices, they were considered well-taught. Certainly those who wished to be more deeply involved with Christianity (if they were in a social position which would allow it) were welcomed into monasteries, and monastic devotion was taken as the model for lay piety (as attested, for example, by the broad reception of the Imitation of Christ). But as it was presumed that laypeople who wished to sacrifice their lives would cease to be laypeople, it was also presumed that those who remained laypeople were basically good for nothing other than receiving and endowing the ministrations of the Church, which was now spoken of in such a way as to exclude non-clergy and non-monastics. This was, as even many Roman Catholic scholars acknowledge, a bad state of affairs.
This was the environment in which Luther rediscovered the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers, and in his characteristic way he expressed it as forcefully (some would say violently) as in him lay. But, also characteristically, he was an academic and an ecclesiological conservative, so after repudiating the notion of the sacrifice of the Eucharist and the sacrament of ordination, he retained the ranks of clergy shared with the Roman Catholic Church. As was customary with almost all of Luther’s pronouncements, other Christians took them further and argued that Luther himself was insufficiently biblical, and so Western Europe sprouted a range of different views of what would constitute a biblical model of the clergy, or indeed whether the Bible was against all clergy. The Roman Catholic Church responded, at the Council of Trent, by condemning those who deny the sacrament of holy orders or reject that there is a visible priesthood of the Church. It did not reject the notion of a universal priesthood, although it also cannot be said to have supported it very strongly. (The old Catholic Encyclopaedia asserts that the Roman Catholic Church has always taught a universal priesthood. After much looking I finally found a paragraph in the old Roman Catechism which describes the “internal Priesthood” – Latin text here on p. 269. The old Catholic Encyclopaedia also cites Thomas Aquinas, who grudgingly conceded the existence of a common priesthood in a reply to the second objection of the first article of the 82nd question of the third part of his Summa Theologica; it can hardly be said that he substantially supported the notion.) Indeed, the Council of Trent seems to reject those who say “that all Christians without distinction are priests of the New Testament,” without explicitly uttering an anathema against them.
One result of the proliferation of notions of priesthood was much greater congregational involvement, even among Roman Catholics, where laypeople in Protestant-majority countries came to expect a larger role in the Church (see Charles Parker’s Faith on the Margins for the Netherlands). For centuries, however, Roman Catholic authors seem to have spent far more energy denying that any other clergy or any laypeople could celebrate the Eucharist than drawing any positive lessons from the biblical support for the notion of a universal priesthood. That eventually changed, however, and forcefully at the Second Vatican Council, which initiated a large number of liturgical changes bewailed by traditionalists to allow greater congregational participation. Today, it must be said, the Roman Catholic Church acknowledges the priesthood of all believers, most clearly in Lumen Gentium 2:10, and also teaches the necessity of a sacramental clergy.
So if we need not argue about whether an ordained clergy conflicts with the “priesthood of all believers” (or as Roman Catholics now prefer to term it, the “common priesthood” or “universal priesthood”), then what differences remain? The notion of sacramental orders is probably the biggest divide between Roman Catholics and Protestants. On the official Roman Catholic line, holy orders can only be received by apostolic succession of sacramental ordination. While most Protestants do not trouble themselves about questions of apostolic succession, some Anglicans do; nevertheless, the Roman Catholic position is that no Protestant (including Anglican) ordinations are valid. And because valid sacramental ordination is, on the Roman Catholic view, required for the celebration of the Eucharist, Protestants haven’t tasted a real Eucharist in the almost five centuries of their history (although I know a few Protestants who have taken Roman Catholic Eucharist; I myself demurred, most recently when invited to by my Catholic grandmother, largely out of respect for the RC canons which I know better than she). Thus there can be no real possibility of intercommunion, where one side “has it” and the other simply doesn’t. The Roman Catholic Church recognizes the validity of Eastern Orthodox sacraments, but because they are in schism, intercommunion is not permitted (though possible should they acknowledge papal jurisdiction, according to the Roman Catholics). So the debate over the nature of the clergy is fundamental, and the ability to worship together with communion will only be possible upon either (a) non-Roman Catholics becoming Roman Catholic, or (b) the Roman Catholic Church changing its teaching regarding the necessity of a sacramental priesthood for the practice of other sacraments. Neither is likely, but at least if we clear out the linguistic confusion we can discuss the real issues, instead of simply talking past each other.
Among Protestants, there is plenty of room for discussion regarding what the precise roles of the ordained clergy should be, as opposed to the priestly role of all believers. Many Protestants could also benefit from reflecting on the devotional implications of the priesthood of all believers, rather than simply using it as a stick with which to beat Roman Catholics. The structural differences between episcopalian, presbyterian, elder-board congregational, pastor-led congregational, and pentecostal denominations also lead to challenges of mutual recognition and cooperation: after all, which part of a Lutheran church structure should the missions director at a non-denominational evangelical church approach regarding possible cooperation in outreach?
It would be presumptuous of me to tell Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox what issues related to the priesthood remain for them to discuss among themselves. As an external observer, and I hope not a hostile one, I note the wide diversity of Roman Catholic perspectives on the liturgical reforms following Vatican II, ranging from those who feel that the new liturgy is “sacrilege” to those who regard it as “a step in the right direction”; some of the latter people also impatiently demand greater changes. So it seems to me that Roman Catholics still need to have serious discussions to clarify what they think the universal priesthood consists of and enables. They have partly engaged with this issue, but as I noted above, the theologians’ main interest on the subject has been elsewhere, emphasizing what the universal priesthood is not.
I have not managed to overhear any Eastern Orthodox discussions of the passages in which all Christians are termed hiereis, so I cannot even say whether they hold to any notion in which all Christians are priests. As I believe all scripture is edifying, I imagine they like all Christians would benefit from reflecting on these passages.
Substantive disagreements remain among Christians, including disagreements about the nature of Christian priesthood. But the goals of seeking the truth of the matter and of understanding other Christians’ viewpoints are not helped when we are distracted by translation issues and merely apparent contradictions. Removing the disputes over words, we can pray that the Lord would enlighten his people with respect to the real issues. For church unity is, in the final analysis, his concern.
A Very good post, just one point, the Orthodox do not have to convert to partake the Eucharist with Roman Catholics in accordance to canon 844, though the Orthodox are not allowed to partake according to their own canon, however there are cases where special dispensation has been allowed and this ain’t generally known.
From the Roman Priests that I have dealt with, yes this is how the canon is interpreted. I have been taught that the Pope is indeed a Patriarch although the Orthodox Church is not in communion with the Roman Catholics. There are some Orthodox Bishops that have given dispensation to some to partake of the Roman Mass, yet these are very rare and mainstream and hardline Orthodox do not accept this and believe anyone who does should be excommunicated in accordance to Orthodox canon.
While I have you commenting here, are you aware of any Orthodox discussion of a sense in which all (Orthodox) Christians are priests (hiereis)? It’s outside of my familiarity, but I would welcome the additional perspective on the issue.
I have never come across it as you presented it in your post. The Orthodox hierarchy is similar to the RC, laity, reader, subdeacon, deacon, priest, bishop, patriarch. The priests are chosen from the diaconate and there is an apostolic succession to the priesthood Only the priests can perform most of the sacraments of the church, though there are some notable exceptions, i.e a deacon can baptise in an emergency.
That is interesting, because when I was Orthodox, I was not allowed to partake at my local RC church. Excellent post, which I have ‘tweeted’.
My pleasure – it has already had one Anglican friend complaining!
She gets touchy about any mention that anyone thinks Anglican orders are invalid. I don’t get any sense you support that view – you simply report it.
You are correct; I do not support the view. I think the Roman Catholic rejection of Anglican orders says more about the Roman Catholic Church than about the Anglican Church, in fact. But what other people believe, even if I think it erroneous, can have a material impact on the subject under discussion, and so I must report it where relevant. I try not to cause (unnecessary) offence!
I certainly saw nothing there at which to take offence. | 2019-04-22T12:29:22Z | https://theophiletos.wordpress.com/2014/07/28/a-tale-of-two-priesthoods/ |
gene steuerle, a former deputy assistant secretary of the U.S. Treasury, is the co-founder of the Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center and creator of the blog The Government We Deserve.
Though neither has made his tax returns available to the public, Jared Kushner apparently paid no taxes in recent years, while then-candidate Donald Trump bragged about a similar feat during the 2016 presidential election. A president who seems proud he doesn’t pay taxes is certainly unusual. But it’s hardly news that, at least with respect to taxes, rich people are treated differently than you and I. For example, there’s no reason to believe that Warren Buffett was anything but honest when he reported an adjusted gross income of just $11.6 million in 2015 — or about one-fiftieth of 1 percent of his wealth.
Often lost in the outrage, though, is the threat to growth and democracy posed by government policies that, on the one hand, give the already-affluent an easy path to accumulating capital, while on the other placate the rest of us with policies that encourage us to consume at the expense of personal savings and self-improvement. Much attention has been paid to the toxic consequences of rising inequality exacerbated by tax breaks for the wealthy. But I would argue that the increasing diversion of government spending away from opportunity-building programs to income supports is also undermining social comity and, ironically, locking in wealth inequality. Curing what ails America in this regard requires attention to both.
Often lost in the outrage is the threat to growth and democracy posed by government policies that, one the one hand, give the already-affluent an easy path to accumulating capital while on the other placate the rest of us with policies encouraging us to consume at the expense of personal savings and self-improvement.
Most people, it’s safe to say, understand that the rich are getting away with something on taxes. But, it’s probably also safe to say, they’re not sure just what. That’s understandable, because the rules by which one can legally avoid taxes are anything but transparent.
Start with the reality that a very large share of the return from wealth is hidden or takes the form of capital gains that are accrued but not realized for tax purposes over much, if not all, of the life of the wealth holder. Then, at death, deferred and unrecognized capital gains are exempted from income tax altogether.
But that’s only half the problem. While individuals and corporations choose (or are legally required) to recognize taxable gains only when they sell their assets, they almost always immediately deduct interest and other expenses, using a strategy the accountants, lawyers and economists who toil in these fields call tax arbitrage. Everything from tax shelters to the low taxation of multinational companies tends to be tied at least in part to arbitrage.
In fact, the article in The New York Times on the Kushner tax-avoidance ploy missed an important aspect of the maneuver. The story emphasized depreciation allowances — the IRS formula for the rate real property loses value — which, after accounting for inflation, have not been all that favorable to real estate investors. However, combine deductions for depreciation with deductions for interest on the one side with the non-recognition of capital gains on the other, and now you've got a sure-fire recipe for tax avoidance.
The tendency to accrue capital gains but not expose them to taxation is especially relevant for those who accumulate great wealth. On average, they (or some ancestor) became rich by performing two somewhat uncommon acts. First, they saved (or invested through borrowed dollars) a much larger than average share of their income. Second, they achieved returns on their net investments that were well in excess of the average real rate of return of 6 or 7 percent enjoyed by the typical stock investor. The many billionaires born into middle-class families couldn’t have become so rich otherwise.
While savers in other income classes seldom do as well as the rich, some of the same wealth-building tools are available to those near the middle and even bottom of the income distribution. They can achieve higher-than-average rates of accumulation and lower-than average rates of taxation when they hold onto assets like stocks, homes and other real estate that typically produce higher returns than bonds or bank deposits and are blessed with favorable tax treatment.
Note, too, that when you and I borrow and deduct interest on our homes while simultaneously putting money into retirement accounts that defer tax liability, we are engaging in tax arbitrage.
But the data suggest that the path to accumulation eludes most low-income households and most middle-earners. They typically (a) save only a small share of their income, (b) are more likely to pay high interest rates when borrowing, (c) can take little or no advantage of interest deductions because of the ways the tax laws are written, and (d) hold what savings they have in forms that pay little (or even less than zero) interest. Even those who do eventually gain $100,000 or $200,000 in wealth in the form of home equity or in a retirement account earning, say, 5 percent may never reap more than $1,000 or so in tax savings annually.
The ways Uncle Sam affects wealth building by middle- and low-income individuals are more various and, I would argue, more insidious, than these individuals’ lack of opportunities to exploit the tax breaks enjoyed by the wealthy. The best way to see this is to follow the money.
Government policy makes it increasingly attractive to spend money on personal consumption while encouraging both borrowing and dropping out of the work force through early retirement or disability. Meanwhile (as detailed below), the federal government puts a small and ever-decreasing share of its spending and tax subsidies into efforts that promote mobility through development of marketable skills.
This sustains a vicious cycle. Without gains on the skills front, most people never achieve the level of income that makes it practical both to save and (as important) to bear the higher short-term risk inherent in investments that yield premium returns in the long run.
Together, these combined trends — high accumulation rates for the affluent who can benefit substantially from tax preferences for capital income along with low accumulation rates and significant consumption incentives for most of the non-wealthy — explain a good deal about government’s unintentional role in supporting, if not increasing, wealth inequality.
I believe that any effort to reduce economic inequality that has a hope of viability requires addressing both sides of this wealth equation. However, that can happen only if it is preceded by a fundamental reordering of the political landscape, as neither Republicans nor Democrats see how their excessive emphasis on respective agendas of lowering taxes on capital and increasing subsidies for consumption are part of the problem, not the solution.
A digression — albeit an important one. In a country immersed in the often-empty debate about whether capitalists are job creators or blood suckers, perspective about the role of capital is often lost. All economies require people, enterprises or governments to create and hold onto wealth. Without capital accumulation, we would still be a nomadic society, trying to forage for food off the land — or, as likely, raiding our neighbor’s stockpile. Moreover, returns to capital and returns to labor have usually gone hand in hand because increases in capital have usually increased the demand for labor.
All governments own some capital. I suppose somewhere there are Ayn Rand acolytes who would like to see cities sell their traffic lights to private interests and lease the equipment back, but I will ignore them. The larger truth here is that broad-scale government ownership of the means of production has a very poor track record, particularly in complex, advanced economies that must rely on market-based pricing to allocate resources efficiently and on private incentives to drive innovation and productivity.
All this is to say that economies must nourish and protect private capital accumulation if they are to prosper. And there’s just no getting around the reality that a vibrant democracy must grapple with the tensions created by both the need to accumulate wealth and the demand for a just distribution of the power and freedom that wealth — not just income — provides.
In a recently published study, Jenny Bourne, Brian Raub, Joseph Newcomb, Ellen Steele and I found that even in the boom years after the turn of the millennium, most wealthy individuals reported an effective taxable return on their assets of less than 2 percent. That is, for each $1 million of wealth, they reported taxable dividends, interest and capital gains totaling less than $20,000. Meanwhile, close to 40 percent of filers with more than $100 million in net worth in 2007 reported taxable incomes of less than 1 percent of their wealth.
I came up with similar results for the 1970s and early 1980s. One study found even lower returns reported by a select group of owners of businesses and farms subject to estate tax, and another found that net income from capital reported on all individual tax returns was less than one-third of total capital income actually generated in the economy.
In bygone days, however, income from wealth was, at least in theory, subject to much higher tax rates, with individual income rates as high as 50 percent and 70 percent. Yet in 1978, Martin Feldstein and his colleagues — and many researchers since — showed that higher tax rates are offset at least in part by lower reports of capital income, largely because the timing of realized capital gains is highly discretionary.
The owners of capital still paid their dues back then because capital income was also taxed at an earlier stage through corporate income taxes.
Indeed, corporate taxes generally exceeded total individual income taxes on both capital and labor until World War II. Revenues from corporate taxes waned thereafter and are scheduled to drop to about 15 percent of individual tax collections by 2027.
The estate tax also once served as a collection point — albeit with delays. The estate tax rate grew substantially in the Depression and World War II years, reaching a top rate of 77 percent with an individual exemption level of just $60,000 from 1942 to 1976. But like other forms of capital taxation, it has since attenuated. By 2018, the estate tax was buffered by an exemption of $11.18 million and was levied at a top rate of just 40 percent.
Close to 40 percent of filers with more than $100 million in net worth in 2007 reported taxable incomes of less than 1 percent of their wealth.
Neither economists who favor higher taxes on capital nor those who support lower rates much like this hodge-podge system. Why, they ask, should some income from capital be double- or triple-taxed while other capital income is not taxed at all? Why should tax arbitrage games provide a positive return to investors even when it is hard to identify any overall return to society? In my own work, I find that allocation of capital to unproductive investment, especially as enhanced by tax avoidance, to be a significant cause of economic stagnation.
Whereas the system once tended to tax individuals on their capital income at higher rates than on their labor income, today it does the reverse. Indeed, under the 2017 tax law, the new top corporate rate is 21 percent, while the top individual statutory rate is 37 percent.
But policies promoting wealth accumulation go far beyond taxes. The Federal Reserve and assorted financial services regulators subsidize borrowing through protection of banks from bankruptcy, insurance of individual bank deposits at low premiums, and, in recent years, the maintenance of borrowing costs close to zero. Those efforts naturally favor people with wealth since they can more easily access loans at competitive rates.
This is not to dismiss the value of these policies in preventing financial collapse in 2008 and promoting recovery thereafter. But it should not be forgotten that one unintended effect has been to promote the concentration of wealth.
To understand what has been happening to the relative position of the non-wealthy, we need to dig a little into the numbers. Wealth has always been highly concentrated at the top — much more so than income. In 2016, Ed Wolff discovered that the bottom two-fifths of households in terms of wealth had, on average, accumulated less than $3,000. The middle fifth averaged $101,000, while the second fifth averaged $298,000. The top fifth averaged a rather amazing $3,044,000. That last figure is misleading, though, since most of the wealth within this group was in the hands of the top 1 percent. Indeed, this cohort holds about 40 percent of total wealth in the economy.
Trends in debt tell another story. From 1983 to 2016, debt grew faster than gross assets in households except for those near the top of the wealth pyramid. For instance, those in the middle fifth enjoyed a 71 percent increase in assets offset by a 127 percent increase in debt. Only in the top two-fifths did assets grow faster than debt.
Now consider the distribution of income. People often lump together wealth and income in analyzing inequality. Yet, the richest individuals in terms of income are not the same as the richest in terms of wealth — and, perhaps more important, government policies affect wealth and income concentration differently.
While there is a lot of debate about what constitutes income, there is consensus on two points. First, as the media have widely reported, the distribution of income earned in the market, such as wages and dividends, has become more unequal. Second, and not so widely reported, government policies have gone a long way toward narrowing inequality of income available for consumption through both progressive taxation and progressive transfer programs, including Medicare, Social Security and SNAP (a.k.a. food stamps). The numbers vary with the measure of income used.
But the bottom line is clear.
Indeed, President Trump’s Council of Economic Advisers recently used the fact that the distribution of consumption expenditures is less unequal than the distribution of pre-tax income to argue that existing measures overstate poverty. The CEA report was controversial both because measures of consumption themselves are more problematic than measures of income, and because the report used the analysis to justify support for more work requirements in transfer programs — a cause du jour among Congressional Republicans. Still, I think it fair to say that the core conclusion is correct: consumption is more equally distributed than income.
That said, the better news about the trend in consumption inequality or after-tax after-transfer income doesn’t diminish the significance of growing disparities in market incomes, in indebtedness, in the failure of today’s young adults to accumulate wealth along the track of previous post-war generations – and in the lack of progress by blacks and Hispanics to narrow the wealth gap with whites. It’s plain that while federal government tax and transfer policies redistribute significant amounts of income and consumption, they have done little in recent decades to narrow the distribution of wealth, and may even have made it less equal.
That prompts the question of why. In one recent study, I found that federal initiatives to promote opportunity, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit, apprenticeship programs, early childhood education and health care for the young, have never been a large part of the budget and are scheduled to decline as a share of GDP. Even those opportunity-related subsidies that do grow, like tax incentives for retirement savings, are not broadly inclusive since the main benefit — deferral of taxation — is of little use to those in low tax brackets.
The benefits from tax breaks for homeownership are also concentrated on those with incomes well above median. Moreover, the breaks can work to encourage borrowing at the expense of wealth accumulation since homeowners often take out home equity loans to finance more consumption.
For 12 years, my colleagues and I at the Urban Institute have regularly published a report called Kids Share, which includes an estimate of the extent to which Uncle Sam supports programs for children. Today, subsidies per child are only about one-sixth the level of subsidies per senior citizen. Moreover, unlike spending on seniors, benefits for kids are scheduled to decline. Meanwhile, pressures at state and local government levels, largely from health care inflation and underfunded public employee pensions, are squeezing K-12 education spending and other investments in youth.
It’s not that the government doesn’t aid those with less means. But almost all of these transfers support consumption, and only indirectly promote opportunity. Moreover, as noted above, they inhibit saving.
Because of longer life expectancy and, until recently, earlier retirement, a typical American now lives in retirement for 13 more years than an American who retired in 1940 when Social Security first started paying benefits. That’s a lot fewer years of earning and saving, and a lot more years of drawing down personal wealth.
Health care programs play a more ambiguous role in this context. They promote mobility to the degree that they make us more capable of working and earning income. But the largest health program, Medicare, supports earlier retirement. Moreover, prime-age adults on means-tested Medicaid lose eligibility if their incomes rise much. By the same token, most disability programs discourage recipients from easing back into work. And they are very expensive.
If we care about the distribution of wealth as an issue distinct from the distribution of consumption (and we should), we need to address how public policy affects the wealth of the non-affluent as well as that of the affluent. Taxing wealth without encouraging its formation can reduce economic growth without broadening its distribution. That said, there are numerous ways to make taxation of the wealthy fairer without materially affecting growth.
For example, a strong case can be made to tax capital gains at death, at least for the very wealthy. This would reduce the inequality of wealth distribution without much affecting incentives to create capital. Note, too, that this change would reduce the current incentive to sit on accumulated wealth for a lifetime, opening opportunities for reallocation that increased productivity. Another priority: limits on tax arbitrage that allow expenses such as interest to be fully deducted even while avoiding taxes on capital gains and other tax-deferred income.
Taxes matter in this context when it comes to the non-wealthy, too. Shifting at least part of the burden of the income tax to a tax on consumption would encourage savings (and wealth accumulation). But the real action on the non-wealthy side of the equation is with transfer programs.
Consumption support is a part of the safety net of all affluent, civilized societies. But it’s important to remember that the design of transfer programs has had unintended consequences for the distribution of private wealth — as well as the political power that wealth creates — in the long run.
Annual federal, state and local government spending from all sources, including tax subsidies, now totals more than $60,000 per household, of which about $35,000 is in the form of direct supports for individuals. Thus, a typical child born today can expect to receive about $2 million in direct supports from government. In the meantime, government has (a) scheduled a reduction in its funding for them as children, when it would help most in developing human capital, (b) shackled young adults with $1.4 trillion of student debt without a corresponding increase in earning power, and (c) offered little to bolster the productivity of workers.
Any number of programs could have a place in encouraging economic mobility, among them beefed-up access to job training and apprenticeships for non-college goers; wage subsidies that reward work; subsidies for first-time homebuyers in lieu of subsidies for borrowing; a mortgage policy aimed more at wealth building; and promotion of a few thousand dollars of liquid assets in lieu of high-cost borrowing as a source of emergency funds — you get the point. All these efforts would need to be tested continually for performance and success, including adopting designs that generate high returns relative to costs.
It would be naïve to assume that any of this would be easy. Republicans seem committed to reducing (not increasing) taxes on the wealthy, while Democrats reflexively support redistribution to those less well off, even when the program design reduces incentives to save and work. Both parties unite effectively to disfavor investments with longer-term payoffs.
But harder times ahead may create an opening for change. My reading of history has convinced me that fundamental shifts in fiscal policy will soon be forced upon us by ballooning budget deficits. Greater equalization of wealth could result from that reform, but only if we shift gears to give priority to opportunity in both our tax and transfer systems. | 2019-04-25T20:01:25Z | http://www.milkenreview.org/articles/taxes-government-transfers-and-wealth-inequality?IssueID=31 |
Manufacturing jobs in USA had its glory days during the 1970s when it peaked at 19.4 million (Figure 1). At that time about one in five American workers had a job in manufacturing. For the next two decades, it was fluctuating around 17.5 million. The free fall happened at the beginning of this millennium from 17.3 million in 2001 to the lowest of 11.5 million in 2010. The mild recession in 2001 and the Great Recession during Dec 2007 to June 2009 accelerated this fall.
In the last six years, manufacturing sector just added 800,000 jobs out of the 5.8 million jobs vanished in the first decade of this millennium. Now only one in thirteen American workers has a job in the manufacturing sector. What happened to those experienced and skilled employees? Some of them were moved to low-paying jobs in other industries, some resorted to part-time work, and the remaining just frustrated out of the job market unsuccessfully trying to change their skill sets. The federal and state governments provide many great services for the unemployed including help with job searching, career counseling, and job training. The effectiveness of these training programs, in helping the unemployed to transition to a new job and boosting the local economy with respect to opportunities available, need to be evaluated.
The orientation of American economy has transitioned primarily from agriculture (early 1800s) to manufacturing (late 1800s) to service (1980s) sectors. Figure 2 shows the decline in manufacturing sector’s contribution to U.S. GDP and the corresponding increase in service sectors. It decreased from 22.9% in 1970 to 12.1% in 2015 for manufacturing. During the same period, service sector’s (Finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing / Professional and business services / Educational services, health care and social assistance) contribution increased from 23% to 41%. According to Bureau of Labor Statistics projections, job growth is expected to be the highest for health care and social assistance sector in the next decade and it will have the highest number of jobs among the entire service sectors by 2022.
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by Industry Data”, http://www.bea.gov/industry/gdpbyind_data.htm.
Why manufacturing jobs are important for U.S. economy?
Manufacturing sector is the backbone of any major economy. A county cannot sustain solely based on service sectors. Manufacturing companies drive innovation through their research and development that in turn result in better products and better standard of living. As shown in figure 3, economic multiplier is the highest for the manufacturing sector ($1.33). It means that each dollar in final sales of manufacturing supports $1.33 in output from other sectors. This indicates the positive ripple effects that manufacturing jobs make in our economy. Economic multiplier is the lowest for service sectors.
Source: Manufacturing Institute, “Manufacturing’s Multiplier Effect is Stronger that Other Sectors’”, http://www.themanufacturinginstitute.org/Research/Facts-About-Manufacturing/Economy-and-Jobs/Multiplier/Multiplier.aspx.
Boosting the Manufacturing sector in U.S.
Two suggestions for boosting manufacturing sector are fixing the U.S. corporate tax system and improving the environmental protection policies (DiMicco, 2015). USA has the highest corporate tax rate (39.1 percent) among industrialized nations. In his book, “American Made: Why Making Things will Return Us to Greatness”, Dan DiMicco argues that the ideal corporate tax rate should be 23 percent. It will greatly encourage companies to keep the base and significant presence here in U.S. soil. The environmental regulations are very stringent in United States compared to other countries and may put a drag on the expansion of manufacturing sector. The increasing compliance costs for these regulations will discourage existing and aspiring companies as it is not practical to pass these costs to customers. The impact can be summarized as follows: The air may be microscopically cleaner, but only because nobody’s working (DiMicco, 2015).
Following are the two major initiatives under Obama administration that support the manufacturing sector. Formation of Manufacturing USA – the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI). Through Manufacturing USA, industry, academia, and government partners collaborate and leverage existing resources to establish manufacturing institutes each with a distinct technology focus area. The goal is to secure America’s future through manufacturing innovation, education, and collaboration (Manufacturing.Gov, 2016). Federal government is also working on getting the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) ratified. TPP is a trade agreement among 12 countries (Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, USA, and Vietnam) to reduce trade barriers. TPP will eliminate and reduce import taxes–or tariffs-on the American exports to TPP countries and will significantly boost the U.S manufacturing sector (USTR.GOV, 2016).
DiMicco, D. (2015). American Made: Why Making Things Will Return Us to Greatness. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN TRADE.
Agile has been evolving as the most sought after methodology for Information Technology projects and software product development. With all buzz around agile, organizations that were reluctant earlier on its adoption are now seriously considering to try out some flavor of it. This article explores the evolution of Agile since its humble beginnings in the 1980s and the key differences between Scrum and Kanban, the two most popular Agile approaches.
1984 – Barry Boehm published an empirical study about projects that use prototyping. He pointed out the increasing popularity in the iterative approach. At this point, Agile was meant to have two iterations in a project. The first iteration creates the prototype and the second iteration develops actual product based on feedback received from prototype validation.
1984 – In their paper ‘Knowledge-based communication processes in software engineering’, Gerhard Fischer and Matthias Schneider mentions about incremental design processes based on Rapid Prototyping approach as complete and stable specifications are not available at the beginning of development.
1985 – Tom Gilb published the paper ‘Evolutionary Delivery versus the “waterfall model”’ in which waterfall methodology was criticized as unrealistic and dangerous to the primary objectives of any software project. He introduced Evolutionary Delivery model as an incremental alternative to the traditional approach.
1986: In his paper ‘A Spiral model of software development and enhancement’, Barry Boehm presented an iterative model geared to identifying and reducing risks through prototyping, benchmarking, simulation, reference checking, analytic modeling, or combinations of these and other risk resolution techniques.
1988 – Scott Schultz and James Martin refined the ideas of prototyping and iterative development into a methodology called Rapid Iterative Production Prototyping (RIPP). It focused on the use of ‘timeboxed’ iterations for software development by small and motivated teams.
1991 – James Martin further expanded and formalized RIPP and published the book Rapid Application Development (RAD). It focused on faster development of higher-quality products through more expedient processes such as early prototyping, reusing software components, and less formality in team communications.
1992 – The Crystal family of methodologies was initiated by Alistair Cockburn (it was officially named Crystal in 1997). It comprised of the agile methodologies such as Crystal Clear, Crystal Yellow, Crystal Orange, and others whose characteristics are driven by team size, system criticality, project priorities, etc. It addresses the fact that each project requires a customized set of policies, practices, and processes to meet the unique characteristics of a project.
1994 – Dynamic System Development Method (DSDM) was jointly developed and promoted by the members of DSDM Consortium. It is an Agile framework created out of the need for an industry-standard RAD framework.
1995 – Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland published the paper ‘SCRUM Software Development Process’ that assumed systems development process as unpredictable and complicated and suggested cross-functional and self-organizing teams to develop product increments. Scrum uses the empirical inspect and adapt feedback loops to cope with complexity and risk.
1996 – Extreme Programming (XP) was formulated by Kent Beck. It is renowned for the practices such as pair programming and test driven development. XP empowers the developers to confidently respond to changing customer requirements, even late in the software development lifecycle thus achieving higher levels of customer satisfaction. It promotes high customer involvement, continuous planning, continuous testing, rapid feedback loops, and close teamwork to deliver working software at very frequent intervals.
1997 – Feature Driven Development (FDD) was introduced by Jeff De Luca and Peter Coad. It consists of two main stages: discovering the list of features and then the feature-by-feature implementation. FDD has more formal requirements and steps than XP.
1997 – Adaptive Software Development (ASD) was derived from FDD by Jim Highsmith and Sam Bayer. It consists of a repeating series of speculate, collaborate, and learn cycles that are feature-based, iterative, timeboxed, and risk-driven and facilitates continuous learning and adaptation.
2001 – Representatives from the non-waterfall light processes met together in Utah. They established the term ‘Agile’ for those light processes and developed Agile Manifesto that focuses on a common set of principles. Agile Alliance was incorporated.
2005 – David Anderson experimented with a visual board called the Virtual Kanban System for Software Engineering for a project at Microsoft. Kanban is a form of lean software development approach. The project team uses Work-In-Progress (WIP) limit to the number of items they work at any point in time and ‘pull’ the next work item accordingly.
2009 – Two entities for exploring the Kanban approach were formed, one addressing business concerns, the Lean Systems Society (LSS) and the other aimed at giving the community more visibility, the Limited WIP Society.
2012 – Dean Leffingwell published the first version of Scaled Agile Framework (SaFe) that combines Agile approaches with more enterprise-centric organizational practices to scale Agile to the enterprise-level.
2013 – Craig Larman and Bas Vodde introduced Large-scale Scrum (LeSS) framework for inspecting and adapting the product and process when there are many teams – at least two teams and up to groups of 500 or 1000 people. It exposes weaknesses in organizational design with respect to structure, processes, rewards, people, and tasks and supports organizational change to facilitate an effective Agile transformation.
According to a survey (Fig 1) on product methodology adoption rates conducted by Actuation Consulting in November 2014, only 10% of organizations are using the traditional Waterfall methodology for software product development. About 45% of the organizations are using some form of Agile methodology with Scrum (33%) as the leading choice followed by Kanban (3%). The remaining 45% use a cautious and experimental, blended approach by choosing Agile for some of the projects and Waterfall for others. This survey indicates the acceptance of Agile methodology for software product development and the trend favoring Scrum and Kanban approaches.
Scrum has garnered increasing popularity in the agile software development community due to its simplicity, proven productivity, and ability to act as a wrapper for various engineering practices promoted by other agile methodologies (McLaughlin, 2015). But, it may not be a one-stop solution towards agility. Due to the organizational culture or the nature of the project, there can be scenarios in which Scrum may not work effectively. In those situations, teams have started opting for Kanban that is less prescriptive and more adaptive in nature. Kanban got only two constraints: Visualize Your Workflow and Limit Your WIP; everything else is up to the team to get adapted to. Following are the major differences between Scrum and Kanban.
Organizations are realizing that adoption of Agile processes may not be as easy as it sounds and requires significant organizational culture and process changes and sustained management commitment to gain most out of it. Inspect and adapt nature of Agile methodology can be utilized by teams to experiment and choose an approach (XP, Scrum, Kanban, etc.) that works best for them. Teams can do trial and error on the prescriptive and adaptive processes of an Agile approach and choose the ones that work best for them. The Agile adoption trends towards incorporating the processes from multiple Agile approaches that enable the teams and organizations to be more productive. It will be interesting to see the continuous evolution of Agile practices that facilitate more effective and sustainable enterprise-wide Agile transformation.
Kniberg, H., & Skarin, M. (2009). Kanban and Scrum – Making the most of both. InfoQ.
As per US Department of Labor statistics, about 30% of the start-up businesses fail within two years and 50% within five years. The longer it takes for failure, the higher will be the product development costs that get wasted. Instead of ‘doing everything you can make it to succeed’, the angel investors and venture capitalists now demand ‘failing fast’ within the first one or two years in order to reduce the overall risk of their investment portfolio. According to Eric Ries, the author of ‘Lean Startup’, technology risk – the risk that the company cannot develop what it is intended to build- is no more an issue. Instead, market risk – the risk of users who do not really want the product – is the factor that decides the fate of a product. He promotes a series of experiments that can be done quickly and inexpensively to gauge customer reactions to new product ideas or features. These experiments can be as simple as customer interviews at a local shopping mall or demonstrating a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) to customers.
Companies can save many millions of dollars by adopting a ‘failing fast’ strategy for a brand new product or a new product feature much before it gets to the production stage. For software product development, Agile methodology supports the implementation of failing fast strategy. The cross-functional and self-organizing teams can develop the most valued features of a product at small increments and test it immediately with customers. The feedback received can be utilized to make improvements to the product or the product idea itself can be abandoned without incurring any additional cost.
The travel retailer lastminute.com took this strategy to a new level by moving their development team to the lobby of Cumberland Hotel in London. It allowed the team to show prototypes to travelers directly and getting feedback on risky or raw product concepts (Computer Weekly, 2013). According to Bill Beckler, director of innovation at lastminute.com, their goal is to fail fast rather than letting bad ideas occupy the team’s product backlog. This approach enabled them to demonstrate many ideas directly to the customers and then make additional investment decisions only if that idea created or added value to customers. At Microsoft it used to take a longer time for a defect fix to reach customers due to its extensive development and testing cycles. After realizing that failure is cheap, most new products like Azure and Office 365 have monthly release cycles that incorporates changes demanded by customers. This makes sense for every product development especially considering the faster pace at which technology and consumer tastes change.
For an organization, failing fast strategy should enable it to create a company culture based on iterations and continuous improvement. High risk taking and the associated success or failure should be equally rewarded to create an entrepreneurial and friendly environment. This will promote innovation, improve time to market, and reduce development costs. It will only be a failure if organizations fail to learn from its failures.
In this month (September, 2014) I have reached a major milestone in my professional life. After being with my current employer for 14 years I made the decision to accept a new job offer. It is going to be a big transition from the comfort zone of the current job to the new uncertain challenges. As I prepare this writing all those memories since the early years in USA started pouring in my mind. Those initial four years in Louisville, Kentucky, learning and adapting to the life in USA, the six months of transit in Troy, Michigan, and then the long ten years in Bloomington, Illinois; life was eventful in the past 14 years.
Arrived in USA in 2000, the first year was spent in exploring and verifying whether all those facts and hypes about US was real or not. In the first interaction, my client manager queried whether I am single or married. After conveying my single status, the next question was ‘do you have kids?’. This was an initial experience of the culture shock. Due to the conservative background, such a follow-up question would not generally be asked in India especially if you are single. There were lots of firsts for me in that year; the first car, the first mobile phone, driving the first U-Haul, the first snow, and so on. The Information Technology (IT) department at the Louisville client was very small. Each team member had to perform multiple roles such as of a designer, developer, tester, and trainer in the software application development projects. Even though the concept and terms of Agile/Scrum was not widely known at that time, later I realized that it was one of the best collaborative environments I have involved with. The average duration of an IT project was much shorter although the quality of the final product got compromised at times.
The short stint at Troy as an offsite team member for the next client polished the qualities of integrity, responsibility, and timeliness as the client is not directly watching you. The only limitation I found at that time was the lack of instant access to onsite resources. After moving to onsite at the client site in Bloomington, I began to be a part of role-specific assignments. In this highly organized environment, each IT role has its own tasks and you are authorized or expected to perform those tasks only. You can become an expert in that specific job function. It provides the avenue for sharpening specific job skills and helps improve the overall product quality; but negatively affects the average duration of projects. The Agile methodology worked extremely well in certain stand-alone projects to improve productivity and to achieve faster time-to-market; but could not be effectively applied in larger enterprise-wide initiatives.
Achieving the right balance of project duration and the product quality should be of upmost importance to the IT departments to make sure that the product is delivered faster than the competitors and the most current needs of the customers are fulfilled. I leave my company and the client with much gratitude and appreciation for the opportunities and the stability it has provided over the years. Thanks to my loving family, wonderful friends and amazing colleagues for your support and encouragement. Best wishes for a better tomorrow and always hope for the best!
Note: The opinions expressed in this post are solely of mine and do not represent the opinions of my employer.
Is Internet connectivity a human right?
In his article Is Connectivity a Human Right?, Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, points out the significance of the global knowledge economy and how the access to the Internet can contribute and enhance the global collaboration and productivity. In order to achieve this, he promotes Internet connectivity as a human right. Even though the vast majority of the world population lacks the Internet connection, it may not be right to term it as a human right. Instead, I prefer to see it as a medium for each country to empower its citizens and utilize the Internet’s possibilities to achieve economic prosperity. The infrastructure gets expanded progressively by the market-savvy and profit-seeking Internet applications and telecommunications companies. It is up to the political leaders of each country to take the bold policy initiatives to ensure seamless and unfiltered internet connectivity to shape its economic future.
Following are the three major challenges in providing the internet connectivity to all. First, building a cost effective infrastructure is the biggest one. Wireless technologies seem to be promising in covering the remote areas of the world effectively. In addition to the efforts by Facebook as listed in this article, Google has recently initiated an effort to build and run wireless networks to help connect a billion or more people to the internet. Second, each customer segment should be studied thoroughly and offered the internet applications that will directly help them to improve their daily lives. For farmers, weather related information and pricing updates for their goods are of more importance than access to a social media site. Third, obtaining the political will of a country’s leaders is a significant challenge especially considering the corruption in government establishments in the developing and third-world countries. They may be afraid that empowering the common people would affect their existence.
Internet has proven itself as a great medium to invoke entrepreneurship spirit and to enable the timely communication of key information. As the acceptance and utilization of Internet’s infinite possibilities increase, it in turn accelerates the economic growth of a country. The Internet connectivity need not be considered a human right, but its enormous benefits, if properly leveraged, can enhance the lives of people. If the political leadership of each country can realize this aspect and formulates a vision for the cost effective internet connectivity, the world will definitely be a better place.
Fidelman, M. Why Mobile is Critical to Developing Nations. Retrieved August 30, 2014 from http://www.forbes.com.
Worstall, T. Google’s excellent plan to bring wireless internet to developing countries. Retrieved August 30, 2014 from http://www.forbes.com..
Imagine yourself in the year 2020 shopping around to change the auto insurance provider. You will come across Usage Based Insurance (UBI) quotes where a basic premium need to be paid every month for the liability coverage. The additional premium amount will be calculated based on the number of miles you drive, the location you drive, and how efficiently you drive. All this customer information is transferred automatically from your car to the insurance company and the final premium will be calculated based on your average risk profile value for the month. Are you seeing a similarity with the utility bill calculation that is based on the usage? Yes, Insurance industry will undergo a major transformation in the coming decade in its approach on assessing the risk profile. There will be more usage based offerings that fit the need of the modern customer. This will be made possible by the technological advancements and the efficient utilization of Big Data.
Big Data is not a technology, but rather a phenomenon resulting from the vast amount of raw information generated across society, and collected by commercial and government organizations (TechAmerica Foundation, 2013). The four basic characteristics of Big Data are the volume (data at rest), velocity (data in motion), variety (data in many formats), and veracity (data quality). Volume refers to the large quantity of data that must be analyzed and managed to make decisions. Velocity is the speed at which data is produced, changed and processed. The Variety attribute refers to the structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data that comes from within and outside of the organization. The Veracity points to the quality of received data.
Insurance companies have been processing the structured data for many decades and it helps them to better serve the customers with innovative products and services. In the insurance industry, volume indicates the large amount of transactions that occurs every day from quotes, policy, claims, and payments. The velocity aspect provides the ability to calculate the risk profile of the insured person every hour or every day. The variety aspect of Big Data is also interesting. Organizations can gather unstructured data such as text, voice, and video from non-traditional data sources such as mobile, social media, videos, chat, and sensors. Analyzing the structured data with the data gathered from non-traditional sources enable an organization to make better and informed decisions and thus improve its competitive advantage.
The insurance industry faces many challenges in properly integrating the structured and unstructured data. Legacy IT systems, lack of skilled resources, credibility and reliability of big data, and privacy issues are the hurdles the industry has to overcome to harness the full potential of Big Data (Pozzi, 2014). Companies that can overcome these challenges and incorporate Big Data in their decision process will be able to add more value to their customers and other stakeholders.
Pozzi, S. (2014). Big Data Big opportunities. Best’s Review, March 2014, p 60.
When does an idea become an opportunity?
The thought of a new idea can sometimes be so exciting that we tend to initiate the work on the prototype right away. It is very essential to understand that all ideas not necessarily lead into or turn out to be good opportunities. I came across this idea of creating a personal bill management solution (say e-Bill) that provides a platform to effectively manage the bills/statements consumers receive from the providers of utilities, credit cards, banking, mortgages, and other services. Let us evaluate this idea based on the required characteristics of a real business opportunity.
Value is created when the benefits to the customer exceed the costs of product or service. The e-Bill idea offers great value to both the bill providers and the consumers. The bill providers are benefited from the cost savings in not printing the paper copies of the bills and statements. For consumers, the e-Bill solution provides a one-stop solution for managing and paying their personal bills and statements.
2. Fix a real problem in the market, something that is truly a market pain.
When analyzing at the customer survey I took for this idea, it turns out that about 52% of consumers do not have any concerns. But a promising 33% have some concerns about the existing solutions.
3. The need for the product or service is pervasive, the customer wants urgently to fix it, and the customer is willing to pay to fix it.
When looking at the following two responses, about 86% of consumers are interested in a new bill management solution and are ready to give it a try. About 38% of those are willing to pay an annual fee for it.
4. They have robust market, margin, and profitability characteristics that the entrepreneur can prove.
In a seven year financial projection, it shows that e-Bill solution attains one million customers in the fourth year of its operation. Also, the startup becomes profitable only in the fifth year.
5. The founders and management team have collective domain experience that matches the opportunity.
The two founders have three decades of collective experience in designing and managing software products. In order for an effective execution, the team needs an advisory board with expertise in operations, sales and marketing, and human resources.
By applying these characteristics to the e-Bill idea, I have arrived at the conclusion whether it is just an idea or a real opportunity. I will share it in a future blog post.
Spinelli, S., & Adams, R. (2012). New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century. Business and Economics.
What does MBA mean to me?
The Commencement ceremony at University of Illinois at Springfield (UIS) on May 17th, 2014 marked the culmination of my pursuit towards an MBA degree. Last two years were extremely busy with a dedication of 40 hours per week for studies in addition to my full time job commitment with the same number of weekly work hours. While relaxing at home this weekend without any stress for meeting an assignment deadline, I started to reflect on what exactly the MBA degree means to me. Am I a different person thinking in terms of the management and finance language? Does it add more value to my current career and search towards a career change? Was it worth the time and money as many potential MBA aspirants concerned about?
Unlike a medical or law degree, an MBA does not entitle one to do any specific thing professionally. It will not automatically qualify a person to march towards the executive leadership position. The fourteen courses that I took in five semesters imparted lots of new knowledge that I always wanted to learn about. I chose to do the electives in Entrepreneurship to get a certification in that field. It opened up more avenues in understanding how to capitalize on opportunities and the various stages of starting a company and how differently one needs to think when creating an actual business plan. But an MBA in Entrepreneurship does not guarantee success in my endeavors. Actually one does not need to get an MBA to be a successful entrepreneur or to get on top of the executive ladder. It is an individual’s personal drive and how effectively he/she can utilize the available resources and contacts make the difference. For me the Entrepreneurship concentration provided the tools and confidence to start my own venture and/or to identify the entrepreneurship opportunities within the current job in order to create or add significant value to a customer or end user. Attending the Springfield Angel Investor meet and the Chicago Startup Weekend provided a great practical experience that no textbooks can provide.
I attended the UIS Cohort program that enabled a batch of fourteen students to start and finish the MBA together by following a defined set of courses in every semester. It also facilitated more collaboration among the students. The classes were on Friday evenings and on Saturdays at Peoria, Illinois; for certain electives, I needed to attend classes at Springfield or online. Learning from your peers is a true and fulfilling experience. During the class discussions or the course assignments, we had the opportunity to hear the real experiences and problem-solving stories from fellow-students. The quality of your peers can affect the way we understand a concept or like/dislike a course. Our batch was fortunate to have a wide mix of backgrounds that has enhanced our learning experience. Each subject ended with still more readings to be done and discussions to be made. We plan to continue our interactions through a social networking group and through annual get-togethers. Yes, an MBA can make you a different person in terms of your thinking and interactions; but like any motivational speech, the effects will be temporary unless you continue the momentum through your real and sincere efforts.
In your current career, an MBA can have positive effects if the employer mandates it for certain positions. Also, the way in which you proactively project yourselves as a change agent in applying the newly acquired knowledge can make a big difference. For the risk takers, sky is the limit if you like to change your career direction or do a career progression by moving to a new employer. You should be prepared to accept a lower salary if your new interest or dream position is different from the current one and you possess minimal or no experience in that. I strongly feel that I did the right decision to spend my time and money on earning an MBA and it will help me grow personally and professionally. It will hold true as long as I can effectively identify the right opportunities and act on it to add more value to all the stakeholders.
What do Banks look for in a Commercial Loan Application?
I had the opportunity to hear from Mark Vance, SVP of Carrollton Bank, on the review process for the commercial loan applications they receive. Here are the six key factors that Bankers review before approving a commercial loan. These factors are listed in the order of its significance.
The clean image of the founders/executives of the applicant company is a key factor in the approval process for a loan. If those executives are introduced to the bank through a strong referral, it will be a great advantage. If the referencing person is already a reputed customer of the Bank, it will have a huge influence on their final approval.
Banks look for an excellent credit score for the founders/executives of the company. If you have bad stories from the past, do not try to hide those facts. You can try to be frank and explain the specifics of those situations. Creditors always like to hear how an applicant braved the adverse circumstances in the past and became successful.
A company’s cash flow is the net profit plus its non-cash expenses minus the depreciation and amortization. The creditors look for some minimal levels of cash flow as it can be used to pay back the loan. Also, other creditors and employees can be paid on time indicating the stability for the company.
There must be enough cash balance needed to handle the losses, if any, during the initial months.
The other income of the founders/executives is scrutinized at this stage to assess the loan-repayment capacity. The Bankers want to identify the other assets of the applicant/co-applicants so that it can be easily converted to cash if needed. These include real estate holdings, certificate of deposit, savings accounts, and stock portfolios that can be liquidated faster.
Banks may not approve the loan without any collateral. Usually the repayment of the loan can be done if the company has enough cash flow. Otherwise, it can be repaid using the available cash or by using the Net Worth items listed above.
All these six factors need not be absolutely perfect for an applicant even though a healthy mix will work out to be ideal. The applicant company should also produce a Business Plan that encompasses these six items. Business Plan should not be an optional document; instead it is a pre-requisite for the loan application. An easy-to-read, visually appealing Business Plan can be a deal-winner.
Power by definition is the ability to recognize and realize the potential of whatever position you are in. The Conviction and Connection model of power shows the fine point where the self-oriented (conviction) and the other-oriented (connection) dimensions meet.
Conviction is defined as having a clearly defined position and being both willing and able to communicate it. Connection is the ability to listen, empathize, understand, and care about another person’s point of view (Purcell, 2013). There are two extremes for conviction. One extreme is the rigid position in which there is no conflict because ‘I AM RIGHT’. In the other extreme, it is wishy-washy like a wet bar soap. There is no conflict here, but the leader is un-reliable, incompetent and non-trustworthy. For connection, there are two extremes as well. One extreme is the cut-off where the person unplugs, shows attitude and try to avoid others. In the other extreme, the person is too curious about and over-accommodating others that raise eyebrows and suspicion.
There can be moments in our work life where we may not have a clearly defined position during the project discussions and incidents where we care more about others’ positions so as not to hurt their feelings. In order to become powerful, or cultivate leadership traits, one needs to move away from these extremes and find the right balance of both conviction and connection. Even when we have a clearly defined position, if we are not willing to effectively communicate that, it will be a clear case of under-conviction. In the similar way, if we do not listen to or clarify others’ positions by taking an indifferent approach, we will not be able to connect with them at all. True leaders always strive to find the right balance between conviction and connection. | 2019-04-18T19:01:58Z | http://www.samkurian.com/ |
Emerging from the tunnel cut through the mountain from Jericho, I caught my first glimpse of the “Eternal City,” Jerusalem. I was completely unprepared for the overwhelming emotional “rush” I would get upon my first view of the city – God’s city. Although Jerusalem is in every way a modern city – nothing like it was in Jesus’ day – building codes imposed on new construction maintain the “old” appearance of the city. That probably contributed to my emotional response.
There are cities in the Middle East more ancient than Jerusalem. Damascus, Syria, for example, is first mentioned in Genesis 14:15. In this account, a confederation of four kings from the area around Damascus came against the kings of the south, in the area around the Dead Sea. One of those cities was Sodom where Abram’s nephew Lot was living. The invading kings sacked the five cities including Sodom and carried off captives of which Lot was one. Abram mustered up a small army of his own servants, pursued the four kings, rescued Lot, and the other captives, and took back the booty taken by the marauding kings. On his return, he encountered Melchizedek, king of Salem (Genesis 14:17-20). Some have supposed that Salem was the same as Jerusalem, but I disagree for several reasons.
Jerusalem is built on the mountains in the land of Moriah. It was “upon one of the mountains” (Genesis 22:2) there that God instructed Abraham to sacrifice his only son Isaac. It is noteworthy that God did not instruct Abraham to go to Salem, Jerusalem, or Jebus (Judges 19:10-11; 1 Chronicles 11:4-5). Jebus was the “city of the Jebusites” and the Jebusites were in the land when Abram first arrived (Genesis 15:21), and it seems it would have been an excellent landmark if it existed at the time of Abraham. Instead, God instructed Abraham to go the “land of Moriah” and sacrifice Isaac on one of the mountains there. A normal reading of the text leads one to see this place as isolated and uninhabited. However, this would later become the site of Jerusalem, and the particular mountain on which Isaac was offered would become the site of the Temple “in the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite.” (2 Chronicles 3:1). Eventually, God would sacrifice His own Son, on the mountains of Moriah.
The mountains of Moriah are made up of three mountain heads: Ophel, Moriah, and Zion. “Ophel” means “My Fortress” and represents God the Father. “Moriah” means “to see God” or “to be seen of God” and represents God the Son. “Zion” means “the Mark” and represents God the Holy Spirit who is the “seal” or the “mark” of all believers. One mountain range with three heads representing one God in three persons.
Jerusalem, as stated earlier, is the “Eternal City.” When Jesus returns to reign as King of Kings and Lord of Lords, He will come to Jerusalem. “And his feet shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives, which is before Jerusalem on the east, and the mount of Olives shall cleave in the midst thereof toward the east and toward the west, and there shall be a very great valley; and half of the mountain shall remove toward the north, and half of it toward the south” (Zechariah 14:4, emphasis mine). Jesus will physically reign from His Temple in Jerusalem. A river will flow from his throne here and will run to the east and into the Dead Sea, which will be healed (Ezekiel 47:8-9).
At the end of the 1000-year reign of Christ on earth, God will create a “new heaven and a new earth,” and a “New Jerusalem” will descend from heaven to a recreated earth (Revelation 21:1-2) where those of us who are His children will reign forever with Him. As beautiful as Jerusalem is today, it will not compare to the New Jerusalem where not just God’s name will dwell, but God Himself will dwell with us!
Reader, if you are unsure where you will spend eternity, read my page on Heaven.
The return of Christ looms ever nearer. We have seen “signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars” (Luke 21:25) – blood moons on significant Jewish feast days, the Great American Solar Eclipse, and the “Revelation 12 Sign” that will appear over Israel on September 23, 2017. All over the earth, we have “distress of nations, with perplexity” (Luke 21:25). North Korea flexes its nuclear muscle while Iran builds up its arsenal of short-range missiles near Syria’s southern border with Israel, and Russia continues to build up its forces in the area while aiding Iran in its weapons development. The US and other western nations distress and are perplexed over this not, knowing what to do short of starting another world war.
The solar eclipse experienced on August 21, 2017, some suggest, is an omen against the United States of America. Some prophecy scholars say that lunar eclipses are signs for Israel, while solar eclipses are signs for the gentile nations. It may be coincidental, but worth noting that only four days after the Great American Eclipse (August 25, 2017), Hurricane Harvey struck the Texas and Louisiana coasts dumping over 9-Trillion gallons water on the Texas coastline. The unprecedented deluge shut down over 22 percent of the US oil refining capacity. As of this writing, hundreds of gas stations all over North Texas are running out of gasoline (due to media incited panic), and those that still have gas have raised their prices from 20-40 cents per gallon. Refineries on the Texas coast will remain closed for two to three weeks until assessments can be made to bring them back online. It may be months! The economic impact of this storm will be felt for months, and that does not include the impact to human lives. Added to that is the looming threat of Hurricane Irma building up strength in the Atlantic. This is only a small sample of “the sea and the waves roaring” (Luke 21:25).
Things are just warming up “as travail upon a woman with child” (1 Thessalonians 5:3). Soon – hopefully very soon – Jesus will return for His Bride, the Church, to take her home with Him. Not long after that “… shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be” (Matthew 24:21). Most end-times prophets seem to focus on the events leading up to and into the 7-year Tribulation, which follows the Rapture of the Church. Such conversation tends to overshadow the happy ending that lies beyond the seven years with a cloud of gloom and dread. However, the story does have a happy ending that is lost in the details of the four horsemen of the apocalypse, the mark of the beast, the coming Antichrist, famine, plagues, death, etc. Why walk into a dark tunnel with no light at its end! The good news is that the Utopia for which everyone yearns is what lies just beyond those dreadful seven years.
At the end of the book of Revelation, “The Word of God” (Revelation 19:13; John 1:1), mounted on a white horse (Revelation 19:11) leads a mounted army of His saints, all on white horses (Revelation 19:14). His appearance is awesome, and He descends to crush the nations of earth “and he shall rule them with a rod of iron” (Revelation 19:15). The world looks for a leader to rule all the nations of the earth and to usher in an era of universal peace. However, they seek for such a leader in a man. That will never happen! Instead, the leader they will follow will lead them to certain destruction. “And I saw the beast, and the kings of the earth, and their armies, gathered together to make war against him that sat on the horse, and against his army” (Revelation 19:19). It is a misnomer to call it a war or even a battle because it will end as soon as it begins. “And the beast was taken, and with him the false prophet that wrought miracles before him, with which he deceived them that had received the mark of the beast, and them that worshipped his image. These both were cast alive into a lake of fire burning with brimstone. And the remnant were slain with the sword of him that sat upon the horse, which sword proceeded out of his mouth: and all the fowls were filled with their flesh” (Revelation 19:20-21).
Not all who remain on earth will die at that “battle.” Certainly, not every person on earth will be enlisted in the “armies” of the “kings of the earth.” There will be survivors that will require governance. The army of saints (“set apart ones,” i.e., the Bride that was taken at the Rapture) that returns with Christ will be “priests” (“intercessors” between the people and Christ), and they will rule with Him for 1000 years (a millennium).
Some say there is no millennium. What one believes about that is not a salvation issue. However, Revelation 20 affirms a 1000-year period no less than six times (Revelation 20:2-7). If the 1000 years was stated once or even twice, one might say it is allegorical, but when it is repeated six times, we can take it as literal and certain. Interestingly, the first book of the Bible, Genesis, records creation in six (literal) 24-hour days with God resting (cessation of work) on the seventh day. I believe the Bible teaches a young earth of about 6000 years with a 1000-year rest during the millennial reign of Christ on earth as recorded in Revelation 20. Perhaps the six-fold repetition of 1000 years is not accidental. The Apostle Peter wrote, “But, beloved, be not ignorant of this one thing, that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day” (2 Peter 3:8, emphasis mine). Please note that the Apostle employs simile here. He is not saying that “a day is a thousand years” or that “a thousand years is a day.” The Apostle merely points out that God is timeless, i.e., eternal. Likewise, the psalmist proclaims, “For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night” (Psalm 90:4). Therefore, I find it interesting that six times the 1000-year timeframe is repeated here. Creation was completed in six days, and God rested on the seventh day; the earth has existed for six millennia and now one millennium remains to “rest” and culminate creation.
What will take place during this final millennium? For one thing, evil will be removed from the earth. Satan is incarcerated in the “bottomless pit” so that he can no longer “deceive the nations” (Revelation 20:3). Missing from John’s report is what happened to “the beast” (aka Antichrist) and the “false prophet.” Since they are humans used by “the Dragon,” my feeling is that they are killed in the final battle because at the end of the thousand years, Satan is loosed on the earth once more (Revelation 20:7) and, once again, his defeat is immediate. Then it says, “And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever” (Revelation 20:10, emphasis mine; also see Revelation 19:20-21 above). At the end of the 1000 years, the beast and the false prophet will be raised again with the rest of the “dead” (Revelation 20:5) to face the Great White Throne Judgement (Revelation 20:11-15). I cannot say with certainty, but my guess is that they will be the first on the docket for judgment.
Beginning with Revelation 20:7, the scene jumps to the end of the 1000 years. John records nothing of what takes place during the 1000 years except that the Bride of Christ – those that died in Christ, the martyrs for Christ, and the raptured saints – “they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years,” and “they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years” (Revelation 20:4, 6). That implies that there will be some on earth to rule. Furthermore, when Satan is released at the end of 1000 years, he goes “out to deceive the nations which are in the four quarters of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together to battle: the number of whom is as the sand of the sea” (Revelation 20:8). That says that the population of earth will be replenished to the point that there are “nations” living in peace and harmony without satanic influence. But what will that be like, and what can we expect? For that, we need to look elsewhere in the Bible.
First of all, the millennial reign of Christ will be an autocratic form of government where Christ’s reign will be absolute with zero tolerance for lawlessness. “And out of his mouth goeth a sharp sword, that with it he should smite the nations: and he shall rule them with a rod of iron: and he treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God. And he hath on his vesture and on his thigh a name written, KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS” (Revelation 19:15-16, emphasis mine). The image of a sharp sword coming from His mouth symbolizes the authority of His Word – He is the Word (John 1:14). That He rules with “a rod of iron” indicates no tolerance for any opposition to His authority. “His seed also will I make to endure for ever, and his throne [speaking of Jesus] as the days of heaven. If his children [those whom He rules] forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments; If they break my statutes, and keep not my commandments; Then will I visit their transgression with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes” (Psalm 89:29-32). Although He will rule with absolute authority, He will be a kind and benevolent monarch. “And I will set up one shepherd [speaking of Jesus] over them, and he shall feed them, even my servant David [speaking of Jesus]; he shall feed them, and he shall be their shepherd. And I the LORD will be their God, and my servant David [speaking of Jesus] a prince among them; I the LORD have spoken it” (Ezekiel 34:23-24, emphasis mine). “And David my servant [speaking of Jesus] shall be king over them; and they all shall have one shepherd: they shall also walk in my judgments, and observe my statutes, and do them” (Ezekiel 37:24, emphasis mine). “I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him. And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed” (Daniel 7:13-14, emphasis mine).
Secondly, because there will be no tolerance for lawlessness, the millennial reign of Christ will be characterized by universal peace. Today the world clamors, “peace, peace; when there is no peace” (Jeremiah 6:14), but when Christ reigns, the world will know true peace. Jesus said, “Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid” (John 14:27, emphasis mine). He is the Prince of Peace (Isaiah 9:6). “And he [speaking of Jesus] shall judge among many people, and rebuke strong nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up a sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more” (Micah 4:3).
Thirdly, not only will there be universal peace on earth, but the earth itself will be renewed as in the time before the Fall (Genesis 3). God says, “For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth: and the former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind” (Isaiah 65:17). In the renewed earth, the “curse” will be reversed. Animals will no longer prey on one another and even little children will play with what used to be venomous snakes (Isaiah 11:6-8; 65:25). “They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea” (Isaiah 11:9). Death for the inhabitants of the earth, those who survived the Tribulation and their progeny, will practically be unheard of. “There shall be no more thence an infant of days, nor an old man that hath not filled his days: for the child shall die an hundred years old; but the sinner being an hundred years old shall be accursed” (Isaiah 65:20, emphasis mine). People will live long lives as before the Flood. Only the “sinner,” i.e., the lawbreaker will have his life cut short by “the rod of iron.” Someone who is a hundred years old will be considered a “child.” Of course, those who returned with Christ at the end of the Tribulation, will come back with “glorified” bodies and never again experience death.
Fourthly, like the Garden of Eden, all the earth will once again be fruitful. “The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; and the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose” (Isaiah 35:1). “Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir tree, and instead of the brier shall come up the myrtle tree: and it shall be to the LORD for a name, for an everlasting sign that shall not be cut off” (Isaiah 55:13). Everyone will have houses and enjoy the fruits of the labor. “They shall not build, and another inhabit; they shall not plant, and another eat: for as the days of a tree are the days of my people, and mine elect shall long enjoy the work of their hands” (Isaiah 65:22, emphasis mine). “And the floors shall be full of wheat, and the fats shall overflow with wine and oil … And ye shall eat in plenty, and be satisfied, and praise the name of the LORD your God, that hath dealt wondrously with you: and my people shall never be ashamed” (Joel 2:24, 26). “And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop down new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the rivers of Judah shall flow with waters, and a fountain shall come forth of the house of the LORD, and shall water the valley of Shittim” (Joel 3:18). “Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; and the mountains shall drop sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt” (Amos 9:13).
What a wonderful world that will be! Jesus will rule from His throne in His Temple in Jerusalem, and the Utopia of which everyone dreams will exist throughout the earth. However, very few of earth’s inhabitants will enter that renewed world. Those who call upon the Lord Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior right now will be leaving this earth very shortly. After that follows seven horrible years of Tribulation where the majority of the population will perish. At the end of that time, Jesus will return with His saints to reign on earth. | 2019-04-18T23:05:12Z | https://erniecarrasco.com/category/heaven/ |
depending on the application, the failure mode, consequences, etc.
determine the maximum sustainable load the system can handle.
transaction arrival rate in performance testing.
* TESTING means "quality control"
What is black box/white box testing?
But I was involved/participated actively with my Team Leader while creatiing Test Plans. meets the requirements and expectations and is maintainable. In practice. plans. etc. which . Unit testing is usually associated with structural test design. What do you like and dislike in this job? Like: Finding faults with the code and driving an application to perfection. White-box test design allows one to peek inside the "box". code. Behavioral test design is slightly different from black-box test design because the use of internal knowledge isn't strictly forbidden. Verification evaluates documents. and not vice versa. carrying out testing with limited resources. system testing. requirements and specifications. opaque-box. walkthroughs and inspection meetings. While black-box and white-box are terms that are still in popular use. How do you determine what to test? The duties of the software Tester is to go through the requirements documents and functional specification and based on those documents one should focus on writing test cases.black-box include: behavioral. One has to use a mixture of different methods so that they aren't hindered by the limitations of a particular one.) can use any test design methods. Have you ever created a test plan? I have never created any test plan.limited time and limited effort and uncovering bugs is a very challenging & creative task. but others wish we'd stop talking about boxes altogether. specifications and requirements. I developed and executed testcases. but this is because testers usually don't have well-defined requirements at the unit level to validate. and it focuses specifically on using internal knowledge of the software to guide the selection of test data. Dislikes: There is nothing that I can state as my dislike for my role as a tester.challenging by thinking about the application in the end user's perception. The input of verification are checklists. it hasn't proven useful to use a single test design method. The output of verification is a nearly perfect set of documents. it is interesting that we are doing destructive work but in the long term it is a consructive work. Some call this "gray-box" or "translucent-box" test design. Synonyms for white-box include: structural. glass-box and clear-box. Note that any level of testing (unit testing. Validation evaluates the product itself. Define quality for me as you understand it It is a software that is reasonably bug-free and delivered on time and within the budget. and closed-box. plans. it's very interesting. It is important to understand that these methods are used during the test design phase. functional. many people prefer the terms "behavioral" and "structural". reviews and meetings. Describe the difference between validation and verification Verification takes place before validation. and their influence is hard to see in the tests once they're implemented. issue lists. The input of validation is the actual testing of an actual product. but it's still discouraged.
Software testing is a trade-off between budget. the main course of testing is to check for the existance of defects or errors in a program or project or product.use cases. The integration of one or more components is a component. Unit Testing: in unit testing called components (or communicating components) are replaced with stubs. Correctness testing and reliability testing are two major areas of testing. this type of testing conducting who knows the domain knowledge.B). larger. it does not include any called sub-components (for procedural languages) or communicating components in general. or reliability estimation.Also we can say that the Purpose of Testing is to Analyse that the Product or project is according to Requirnments. verification and validation. As defined. Testing can be used as a generic metric as well. What are unit. components A and B are integrated to create a new. Thus.sanity testing in this situation i will try to test the application with the perception of end user. Note: The reason for "one or more" as contrasted to "Two or more" is to allow for components that call themselves recursively. Once the build is ready for testing. or trusted components. A unit typically is the work of one programmer (At least in principle). What is the purpose of the testing? The purpose of testing can be quality assurance. based up on some predefined instructions or conditions. The tester should carry out all these procedures at the time of application under development. so that all other testers can be ready for testing their modules/functionality. They have been compiled. b.it just means that A is a big component . The unit is tested in isolation.frame work. Make sure. Calling components are replaced with drivers or trusted super-components. and i use my(or someones) previous experiences. component and integration testing? Unit. The smallest compilable component. here we are not prepare any formal test plans and testcase documents. They have successfully passed the integration tests at the interface between them. component: a unit is a component. we know what to test and how to proceed for the testing. this type of testing conduting ad-hoc testing.covers all the functionality to be tested. time and quality. component (A. and loaded together.this is mainly called ad- hoc testing. How do you test if you have minimal or no documentation about the product? based on previous experiance on that particular product we start testing . most of the time we perform ad-hoc on this type of applications. main functionality is tested first. simulators. linked. Two components (actually one or more) are said to be integrated when: a. component testing: the same as unit testing except that all stubs and simulators are replaced with the real thing. Note that this does not conflict with the idea of incremental integration -.
of course. passage of data through global data structures and/or the use of pointers.not based on any knowledge of internal design or code. There have been variations on these definitions. Let A and B be two components in which A calls B. branches. and B. the component in question is the entire system). and regression testing. is a small one. Examples of system testing issues: resource loss bugs. Not always easily done unless the application has a well- designed architecture with tight code. as it requires detailed knowledge of the internal program design and code. Note: Sensitize is a technical term. .based on knowledge of the internal logic of an application's code. Tbsa + Tab == the integration test suite (+ = union). the component added. requires that various aspects of an application's functionality be independent enough to work separately before all parts of the program are completed. recovery. Tests are based on requirements and functionality.the inputs are to A. incremental integration testing . transaction synchronization bugs (often misnamed "timing bugs"). especially as concerns integration testing. based on them. System testing specifically goes after behaviors and bugs that are properties of the entire system as distinct from properties attributable to components (unless. done by programmers or by testers. Integration testing: This is easily generalized for OO languages by using the equivalent constructs for message passing. What kinds of testing should be considered? Black box testing . but the key point is that it is pretty darn formal and there's a goodly hunk of testing theory.continuous testing of an application as new functionality is added. throughput bugs. not B. the word "call" is to be understood in the most general sense of a data flow and is not restricted to just formal subroutine calls and returns -.for example. may require developing test driver modules or test harnesses. The inputs are to A. paths.the most 'micro' scale of testing. to test particular functions or code modules. OO testing. The outcome of the test of B may or may not be affected. Tbsa The tests in B's suite for which it is possible to sensitize A -. Tbsa is the set of tests which do cause A to follow a path in which B is called. performance. White box testing . As to the difference between integration testing and system testing. conditions. In the following. Tests are based on coverage of code statements. or that test drivers be developed as needed. security. It means inputs that will cause a routine to go down a specified path. Let Ta be the component level tests of A Let Tb be the component level tests of B Tab The tests in A's suite that cause A to call B. unit testing . Not every input to A will cause A to traverse a path in which B is called. Typically done by the programmer and not by testers.
if the new software is crashing systems every 5 minutes. Also used to describe such tests as system functional testing while under unusually heavy loads. context-driven testing .re-testing after fixes or modifications of the software or its environment. informal software test that is not based on formal test plans or test cases. failover testing . applications. Programmers and testers are usually not appropriate as usability testers. It can be difficult to determine how much re-testing is needed. minor design changes may still be made as a result of such testing.black-box type testing geared to functional requirements of an application.determining if software is satisfactory to an end-user or customer. functional testing . or upgrade install/uninstall processes. or interacting with other hardware.term often used interchangeably with 'stress' and 'load' testing. or systems if appropriate. the software may not be in a 'sane' enough condition to warrant further testing in its current state. covers all combined parts of a system. surveys. ad-hoc testing . end-to-end testing . or corrupting databases. acceptance testing . user acceptance testing . For example. etc.testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they function together correctly. or other catastrophic problems.comparing software weaknesses and strengths to competing products. partial. involves testing of a complete application environment in a situation that mimics real-world use. Clearly this is subjective.similar to exploratory testing. recovery testing .term often used interchangeably with 'load' and 'performance' testing. or based on use by end-users/customers over some limited period of time.final testing based on specifications of the end-user or customer. compatability testing . hardware failures. Ideally 'performance' testing (and any other 'type' of testing) is defined in requirements documentation or QA or Test Plans. such as testing of a web site under a range of loads to determine at what point the system's response time degrades or fails. especially near the end of the development cycle. alpha testing . and other techniques can be used. regression testing . using network communications. The 'parts' can be code modules. bogging down systems to a crawl.testing of an application when development is nearing completion. not by programmers or testers. exploratory testing . stress testing .testing of full.) system testing .typically an initial testing effort to determine if a new software version is performing well enough to accept it for a major testing effort.integration testing .similar to system testing.testing driven by an understanding of the environment.black-box type testing that is based on overall requirements specifications. input of large numerical values. install/uninstall testing . performance testing . environment. etc.testing an application under heavy loads. This doesn't mean that the programmers shouldn't check that their code works before releasing it (which of course applies to any stage of testing. User interviews. usability testing . Automated testing tools can be especially useful for this type of testing.typically used interchangeably with 'recovery testing' security testing . and intended use of software. testers may be learning the software as they test it. culture. client and server applications on a network. load testing . For example. comparison testing .often taken to mean a creative.testing for 'user-friendliness'. willful damage. . but often taken to mean that the testers have significant understanding of the software before testing it.testing how well a system recovers from crashes. video recording of user sessions. heavy repetition of certain actions or inputs. Typically done by end-users or others. etc. this type of testing should be done by testers. sanity testing or smoke testing . This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and distributed systems. may require sophisticated testing techniques.testing how well the system protects against unauthorized internal or external access. large complex queries to a database system. and will depend on the targeted end-user or customer.testing how well software performs in a particular hardware/software/operating system/network/etc. the testing approach for life-critical medical equipment software would be completely different than that for a low-cost computer game. the 'macro' end of the test scale. individual applications. such as interacting with a database.
by deliberately introducing various code changes ('bugs') and retesting with the original test data/cases to determine if the 'bugs' are detected. easy to chage What are basic. walkthroughs usin check lists.when project deadlines comes 3. core.a method for determining if a set of test data or test cases is useful.less complexity 5.Bug rate falls down to certain level 5. 3.its a continuous process. CVS and many others. tools.all the test cases are executed with the certain percentage of pass.well documented 6. Proper implementation requires large computational resources. his work is preventive work. he does his work by conducting reviews. libraries.verifying the completeness and correctness of ITEMS. compilers. problems.Alpha and beta tesing period expires 6. patches and changes made to them. practises for a QA specialist? QA always monitors the project from beginning to end.meetings. What is Configuration management? Tools used? Software configuration management (SCM) is the control. designs. software configuration management is the decipline for systematically controlling the changes that take place during development.The Exit criteria are met 2. Typically done by end-users or others.independent 4. SCM covers the tools and processes used to control. PVCS. if there is process violation takes places then he takes a CAPA(corrective action and preventive action). SCM is the process of identifying and defining the ITEMS in the system. here configuration means arrangement of the parts of the software. and the recording that are made to the software and documentation throughout the software development cycle (SDLC). requirements.bug free 2. 1. mutation testing .beta testing . coordinate and track code. 2. change requests.testing when development and testing are essentially completed and final bugs and problems need to be found before final release. 8. and to keep track of who males the changes. not by programmers or testers.But there can be some factors influencing the span of testing process: 1. Tools include Rational ClearCase.recording and reporting the status of the ITEMS and change requests 4. Managemet which configures the software is called SCM. documentation. Doors. issue lists. .when all the core functionality is tested 4.reusable 3.All high seviority bugs are closed What is good code? a code which is 1.when all the test cases are passed with certain level 7. controlling the change of these ITEMS throughout their life cycle.. When should testing be stopped? There can be no end to Testing.
require walkthroughs and inspections when appropriate. design. miscommunication . make extensive use of group communication tools . as an automation engineer. If changes are necessary. and documentation. we can test data base retrieval time by using some complex and simple querries. intranet capabilities. budget etc. and how do you manage them? Main issue is the frequent change request. we need to take care of the changing objects and functionalities to update the scripts. Use prototypes to help nail down requirements. What are 5 common problems in the software development process? poor requirements . networked bug-tracking tools and change management tools.allow adequate time for planning. etc. 'Early' testing ideally includes unit testing by developers and built-in testing and diagnostic capabilities. attainable. insure that information/documentation is available . What issues come up in test automation.clear. complete. they should be adequately reflected in related schedule changes. In 'agile'-type environments. problems are inevitable. inadequate testing .requests to pile on new features after development is underway. personnel availability.be prepared to defend against excessive changes and additions once development has begun. groupware. detailed. What are 5 common solutions to software development problems? solid requirements .if too much work is crammed in too little time.There are several points to be considered here. incomplete. featuritis .e-mail. and be prepared to explain consequences. If possible.Exhaustive testing is not possible and also a time consuming process and hence not recommended. bug fixing.no one will know whether or not the program is any good until the customer complains or systems crash. work closely with customers/end-users to manage expectations.Should we test every possible combination/scenario for a program? Its not mandatory. changes. problems are guaranteed. re-testing. testing.Using boundary value analysis techinque and equivalence class we can reduce the no of possible combination Is an "A fast database retrieval rate" a testable requirement? it depends on the end user requirement if the end user required that data from the database must retrieved fast then it is a testable requirement.if developers don't know what's needed or customer's have erroneous expectations. But we should conver to the maximum extent satisfying the primary functionalities which are important and too much visible from the customer point of view. re-test after fixes or changes. and not testable. there will be problems. extremely common. adequate testing . too general.start testing early on. communication . personnel should be able to complete the project without burning out. continuous coordination with customers/end-users is necessary. realistic schedules . plan for adequate time for testing and bug-fixing. availble resources. Delivery time available.if requirements are unclear.. stick to initial requirements as much as possible . complexity of the application under testing. If there are frequent changes in the system. cohesive. This will provide them a higher comfort level with their requirements decisions and minimize excessive changes later on. testable requirements that are agreed to by all players. unrealistic schedule .
Level 3 . and 0.S. Defense Department to help improve software development processes.and up-to-date . meets requirements and/or expectations. It will depend on who the 'customer' is and their overall influence in the scheme of things. delivered on time and within budget. processes. 27% were rated at Level 1. successes may not be repeatable.S. successful practices can be repeated. developed by the SEI. quality is obviously a subjective term. magazine columnists.) The median size of organizations was 100 software . However. Project performance is predictable. Defense Department contractors. many of the QA processes involved are appropriate to any organization. now called the CMMI ('Capability Maturity Model Integration').preferably electronic. etc. requirements management. Level 1 . Level 2 .the focus is on continouous process improvement.characterized by chaos. realistic planning. 23% at 2.4% at 5. a Software Engineering Process Group is is in place to oversee software processes. 39% at 2.standard software development and maintenance processes are integrated throughout an organization. What is SEI? CMM? CMMI? ISO? IEEE? ANSI? Will it help? SEI = 'Software Engineering Institute' at Carnegie-Mellon University. promote teamwork and cooperation. and heroic efforts required by individuals to successfully complete projects. not paper. and 5% at 5. and if reasonably applied can be helpful. CMM = 'Capability Maturity Model'. The impact of new processes and technologies can be predicted and effectively implemented when required. and products. It is geared to large organizations such as large U. and training programs are used to ensure understanding and compliance. use protoypes if possible to clarify customers' expectations. 6% at 4. Organizations can receive CMMI ratings by undergoing assessments by qualified auditors.metrics are used to track productivity. What is software 'quality'? Quality software is reasonably bug-free. and is maintainable. 2% at 4. initiated by the U. Of those. and configuration management processes are in place. and quality is consistently high. Few if any processes in place. customer acceptance testers. A wide-angle view of the 'customers' of a software development project might include end-users.software project tracking. Each type of 'customer' will have their own slant on 'quality' . 13% at 3. 23% at 3. (For ratings during the period 1992-96. Perspective on CMM ratings: During 1997-2001. 62% were at Level 1. 1018 organizations were assessed. Level 5 . Level 4 . customer management. stockholders. periodic panics. future software maintenance engineers. customer contract officers. However. the development organization's management/accountants/testers/salespeople.the accounting department might define quality in terms of profits while an end- user might define quality as user-friendly and bug-free. It's a model of 5 levels of process 'maturity' that determine effectiveness in delivering quality software.
The full set of standards consists of: (a)Q9001-2000 . Bootstrap.Quality Management Systems: Guidelines for Performance Improvements. ITIL.S. Also see http://www.iso.S. By using a test plan that requires you to test each unit and ensure the viability of each before combining units. creates standards such as 'IEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation' (IEEE/ANSI Standard 829). TickIT. This allows high-level logic and data flow to be tested early in the process and it tends to minimize the need for drivers. 'IEEE Standard for Software Quality Assurance Plans' (IEEE/ANSI Standard 730).The ISO 9001:2000 standard (which replaces the previous standard of 1994) concerns quality systems that are assessed by outside auditors. publishes some software-related standards in conjunction with the IEEE and ASQ (American Society for Quality). You can do integration testing in a variety of ways but the following are three common strategies: The top-down approach to integration testing requires the highest-level modules be test and integrated first. MOF.it indicates only that documented processes are followed. Another disadvantage of top-down integration testing is its poor support for early release of limited functionality. and others. two units that have already been tested are combined into a component and the interface between them is tested.org/ IEEE = 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' . The idea is to test combinations of pieces and eventually expand the process to test your modules with those of other groups. production. development. and certification is typically good for about 3 years. In the U. However. and it applies to many kinds of production and manufacturing organizations. A component. refers to an integrated aggregate of more than one unit.Quality Management Systems: Requirements. 'IEEE Standard of Software Unit Testing (IEEE/ANSI Standard 1008). testing.. they should be tested in pairs rather than all at once. (c)Q9004-2000 . Beyond that. Eventually all the modules making up a process are tested together. utility modules are tested early in the development process and the need for stubs is minimized. Trillium. Integration Testing :- Integration testing is a logical extension of unit testing. which are in turn aggregated into even larger parts of the program. 32% of organizations were U. These units are frequently referred to as utility modules. Other software development/IT management process assessment methods besides CMMI and ISO 9000 include SPICE. not just software. It covers documentation.S. By using this approach. In a realistic scenario. and CobiT. This method reduces the number of possibilities to a far simpler level of analysis. the need for stubs complicates test management and low-level utilities are tested relatively late in the development cycle. ANSI = 'American National Standards Institute'. The downside. federal contractors or agencies. and other processes. if the program is composed of more than one process.among other things. (b)Q9000-2000 . however. ISO = 'International Organisation for Standardization' . the primary industrial standards body in the U. installation. engineering/maintenance personnel. the most problematical key process area was in Software Quality Assurance. many units are combined into components. For those rated at Level 1. Note that ISO certification does not necessarily indicate quality products . design. In its simplest form.Quality Management Systems: Fundamentals and Vocabulary.asq.ch/ for the latest information. Integration testing identifies problems that occur when units are combined. To be ISO 9001 certified. after which a complete reassessment is required. servicing. in this sense. the standards can be purchased via the ASQ web site at http://e-standards. The bottom-up approach requires the lowest-level units be tested and integrated first. is . a third-party auditor assesses an organization. you know that any errors discovered when combining units are likely related to the interface between units.
Often it is noticed that during testing of the application. This paper presents an approach to handle different factors that affect application security testing. the bottom-up approach also provides poor support for early release of limited functionality. Infrastructure security etc are not under developers’ control. The developers should only define the highest priority features. the inputs for functions are integrated in the bottom- up pattern discussed above.Trust is a key component to customer adoption and retention. Subject: What's the 'spiral model'? Basically. Like the top-down approach. Why Web Application Security Should be Part of Your Web Risk Management Program There are many reasons your organization should identify and address web application security vulnerabilities as part of your web risk management program: Reduce Cost of Recovery and Fixes -. and other features of a description of functionality. With this knowledge. First. operating system hardening procedures. in that it can be less systematic than the other two approaches. intrusion detection systems.The basic idea involves counting inputs. etc. Web based Application Security Testing 1. Most organizations already have some degree of online security infrastructure like firewalls. Subject: What's a 'function point'? Function points and feature points are methods of estimating the "amount of functionality" required for a program. The outputs for each function are then integrated in the top-down manner. security doesn't get due focus and whatever security testing is done it is mainly limited to security functionality testing as captured in the requirements document. and are thus used to estimate project completion time.that the need for drivers complicates test management and high-level logic and data flow are tested late. they should then go back to define and implement more features in smaller chunks. Application Security is under developers’ control but other security aspects like IT security. requires testing along functional data and control-flow paths. • Encourage Website Adoption -. This white paper talks about application security for web based application. 2. The Tower Group cited that 26% of customers don’t use online banking for security fears and another 6% do not due . The potential weaknesses of this approach are significant.outputs. then get feedback from users/customers (such feedback distinguishes "evolutionary" from "incremental" development). Network Security. Don't define in detail the entire system at first. It also helps minimize the need for stubs and drivers. Introduction Security is one of the prime concerns for all the Internet applications.Consumers are still not adopting websites as a preferred channel for doing business.Computer security attacks cost as much as $10 billion a year. The primary advantage of this approach is the degree of support for early release of limited functionality. however. the idea is evolutionary development. The third approach.3 Ensure Customer Trust -. it's intended to help manage risks. Define and implement those. Any mistake at requirement gathering stage can leave the application vulnerable to potential attacks. The problem is that they often overlook the need to secure and verify the integrity of internally developed applications and code pages against external attacks. leading to the need for more regression testing. using the waterfall model for each step. sometimes referred to as the umbrella approach.
damage to credibility.to privacy issues. are probed daily. Prominent sites from a number of regulated industries including financial services. healthcare. 3. They include forms that collect personal. most companies deploy several patches a week.000 lines of code. government. therefore. legal liability.5 full workweeks or 700 hours.000 servers can spend $300. No one on the Internet is immune from security threats.200 vulnerabilities published by CERT last year for just 10 minutes would have required 1 staffer to research for 17. a business gets done. and confidential information such as medical history. many Web-based applications have inherent vulnerabilities and security- oriented design flaws. . Web applications are used to perform most major tasks or website functions. and loss of customer trust. and retail. Other organizations spend millions on outsourced security assessment and ethical hacking resources. has noted that almost 75 percent of attacks are tunneling through web applications.Many organizations are using trust as a key competitive advantage and are leveraging customer fears to proactively implement security and privacy programs to ease the uncertainty.000 lines of code. Web-based applications are enabling interaction among customers. and partners. classified. Consider these statistics: On average. Why Web Application Security is Important The Internet has forever changed the way. web applications have been developed and deployed with minimal attention given to security risks. or roughly $30. there are anywhere from 5 to 15 defects per 1. Internet- based attacks exploit these weaknesses to compromise sites and gain access to critical systems. In the race to develop online services. resulting in a surprising number of corporate sites that are vulnerable to hackers. Fixing one of these defects takes 2 to 9 hours each. prospects. Unfortunately.4 Maintain Competitive Advantage –. • Gartner Group estimates that a company with 1.000. The consequences of a security breach are great: loss of revenues. Security awareness for Web-based applications is. Gartner Inc. credit and bank account information and user satisfaction feedback. Web application security is a significant privacy and risk compliance concern that remains largely unaddressed. test security using costly manual processes that cannot address all potential website risks. Reduce Cost of Manual and Outsourced Security Testing -– Many organizations today. • A 5-year Pentagon study concluded that it takes an average of 75 minutes to track down one defect. essential to an organization’s overall security posture. That translates to 150 hours. to clean every 1.000 to test and deploy a patch. • Researching each of the 4. especially ones in regulated industries.
• Attacker can easily change any part of the HTTP request before submitting o URL o Cookies o Form fields o Hidden fields o Headers • Encoding is not encrypting • Inputs must be validated on the server (not just the client) Countermeasures • Tainting (Perl) • Code reviews (check variable against list of allowed values. The baseline is "not trust user input" and "not trust client side process results". with a user falling into a member of groups or roles with different abilities or privileges.1. to some users and not others. and eGraffiting 9 Stealth Commanding Concealing Weapons 10 3r d Party Mis-configuration Debilitating a Site 11 XML and Web services New layers of attack vectors & Vulnerabilities malicious use 12 SQL Injection Manipulation of DB information 3. Identity Theft. Threat Two: Access Control Access control is how an application grants access to content and functions.Examples of vulnerabilities S No Hacking attack What hackers use it for 1 Cookie Poisoning Identify theft/ Session Hijack 2 Hidden field Manipulation eShoplifting 3 Parameter tampering Fraud 4 Buffer Overflow Denial of Service/ C losure of Business 5 Cross Site Scripting Identity Theft 6 Backdoor and Debug options Trespassing 7 Forceful Browsing Breaking and Entering HTTP Response Splitting Phishing. access control flaws are very likely to happen.2. If access control rules are implemented in various locations all over the code. Possible Security Threats 3. A web application's access control model is closely tied to the content and functions that the site provides. • Usually inconsistently defined/applied • Examples o Insecure session IDs or keys o Forced browsing past access control checks o Path traversal o File permissions – may allow access to config/password files o Client-side caching . Threat One: Input Validation files. not vice-versa) • Application firewalls 3.
com 25 o Replace this with something like this… o char shellcode = “\xeb\xlf\x5e\x89\x76\x08…” Countermeasures o Keep up with bug reports o Code reviews o Use Java 3.7. To test this vulnerability. Allows attacker to relay malicious code in form variables or URL o System commands o SQL o Interpreted code (Perl. Python.. Giving a generic error messages would take the application away from vulnerability scanning radar screens. etc. When user input is not adequately checked./” o Add more commands: “. DB dumps Helps attacker know how to target the application Inconsistencies can be revealed too “File not found” vs. etc. Mostly affects web/application servers Can affect apps/libraries too Goal: crash the target application and get a shell Buffer overflow example o echo “vrfy `perl –e ‘print “a” x 1000’`” |nc www. test the input with all the OS commands that the server box is set up to support and a defect can be filled for developers' investigation if HTTP 200 ok with an OS command input comes. it is possible to exec uting operating system commands. Threat Six: Command Injection flaws Majority of programming languages have syst em commands to aide their functionality. rm –r *” o SQL injection Countermeasures o Taint all input o Avoid system calls (use libraries instead) Run application with limited privileges 3.targetsystem.6. 401. This can greatly reduce script kids’ attacks.) . “Access denied” File-open errors Need to give enough information to user w/o giving too much information to attacker Countermeasures o Code review Modify default error pages (404. Examples: stack traces. change data.example. or disclos e confidential information.) Many applications use calls to external programs o Send mail Examples o Path traversal: “. damage the user's f iles. Buffer overflow attacks are said to have arisen because the C programming language supplied the framework. Threat Seven: Error Handling Problems All current exit vulnerability-scanning tools identify known vulnerabilities through known web site response or error messages. and poor programming practices supplied the vulnerability.
If successful. SQL Injection is the ability to inject SQL commands into the database engine through an existing application. Threat Ten: Database Testing The root cause of SQL injection is that an application uses dynamic SQL calls. SQL injection mainly exists in the context of Web applications where: (1) Web application has no. which are generated from users' input. These functions. passwords. or poorly implemented.10. Threat Nine: Web and Application server Misconfigurations Most of networks have deployed some sort of security patch update servers. SUS or SMS.3. Tension between “work out of the box” and “use only what you need” Developers web masters Examples o Un-patched security flaws (BID example) o Misconfigurations that allow directory traversal o Administrative services accessible o Default accounts/ passwords Countermeasures o Create and use hardening guides o Turn off all unused services o Set up and audit roles. Threat Eleven: Privilege Elevation Privilege elevation is a class of attacks where a hacker is able to increase his/her system Privileges to a higher level than they should be. which could be a patch missing on the patch server. etc.9. permissions. have proven difficult to code properly. this type of attack can . Threat Eight: Insecure use of Cryptography Web applications often use cryptographi c functions to protect information and credentials. Insecure storage of credit cards. along with the code to integrate them. a test en gineer needs to walk through all the boxes to ensure that security patch update client software is installed and started. input validation (2) The web application communicates with a database server and (3) An attacker has access to the application through the Internet.8.11. For example. 3. Poor choice of algorithm (or invent your own) Poor randomness o Session IDs o Tokens o Cookies Improper storage in memory Countermeasures o Store only what is must o Store a hash instead of the full value (SHA-1) o Use only vetted. As part of deployme nt testing. and accounts o Set up logging and alerts 3. public cryptography 3. It's also a good idea to run a pa tch update scan to ensure no security patches are missing. often resulting in weak protection.
b) id s and passwords being transmitted over a network or stored on a server without encr yption. 3. Recent new vulnerabilities and attack methods discovered or reported show an al arming trend toward attacks with multi- faceted damages and even anti-forensics capabilities. As web applications become more pervasive and more complex.ciac. General consensus has pegged SQL Injection as the method used behind the massive compromise of credit card numbers in February of last year.2 could gain the ability to run arbitrary code with super user privileges. allowing an attacker to 'poison' the cookie. How do these Vulnerabilities Affect Your Customers Your customers can be affected in a variet y of ways: from identity theft to session hijacking to the compromise of confidenti al and private customer data. so do the techniques and attacks hackers are using against them. Threat Twelve: Identify Spoofing Identity spoofing is a technique where a hacker uses the cred entials of a legitimate user to gain access to an application or system . In this example. An example of such an attack can be found at http://www. 4. Many of the phishing email-based schemes use cross-si te scripting and other application layer attacks to trick users into giving up their credentials. This means hackers are using more powerful attacks to cause significantly more damage. We still see many cases where cookies aren't properly secu red. This can be a result of: a) users being careless with their ids and passwords. it attacks the user via a flaw in the website that enables the attacker to gain access to login and account data from the user.org/ciac/bulletins/m-026. or by the use of hardware tokens. he/she can login to the application with all of the privileges normally assigned to that user. 5. or c) users setting easy to guess passwords.12. Once a hacker has possession of a user's credentials.shtml.result in a hacker gaining privileges as high as root on a UNIX system. Cross-site Scripting is one of the leading methods used in identity theft (and an obvious concern to financial and healthcare institutions). The approach to be taken depends on the value of the data protected by the id and password. This threat can be reduced or eliminated by re quiring the use of strong pa sswords and forcing frequent password changes. hijack active sessions or manipulate hidden fields to defraud e-commerce sites. Security Testing: Approach Identify security threats and map with specific application Create Security Test Plan Write Security Test Cases Execute Security Test Cases after functional testing is completed Analyze test results Report security flaws to the developers Track to Closure 6. the entire system is effectively compromised. while at the same time covering their tracks is becoming easier. authorized users of versions of OpenSSH earlie r than 3.0. Some common mistakes in application security System Admin password is hard-coded in the application . SQL injection is one of the main atta cks used when backend databases are compromised. Once a hacker is able to run code with this level of privilege. by not storing or transmitti ng clear-text passwords.
login error messages. APIs. client function manipulation. communication protocols used between .Password is sent over the wire in unencrypted form Database roles are not used Permissions are given in an adhoc manner Application roles are not used Multiple applications run in a single machine Stored procedure level security is almost missing Stored procedures are not encrypted Errors triggering sensitive information leak SQL injections Back doors and debug options: Cross-site scripting Weak session management Insecure use of cryptography 7. Recommended areas of security testing S Test Area Description No 1 Authentication User ID complexity. 7 Server Side Web application execution environment. hidden form fields. caching. client Vulnerabilities code reverse engineering susceptibility. no customized error pages revealing useful information 10 Security of 3rd Party Single sign on. susceptibility to session hijacking/ session replay attacks 3 Information Leakage Review HTML page source code for: revision history. password policy 2 Authorization Cookie use and complexity. database Application interaction. lockout after x number of incorrect login attempts. internal proxying. internal host information. username harvesting. reusing older credentials to gain access 6 Cache Control No sensitive information stored locally. susceptibility to brute forcing. Control system calls. saving of passwords locally. cross site scripting. unauthorized Logic command execution 8 Client Side Software Code obfuscation. SQL injection. URL re-writing 5 Session Time-out and No back button. error messages 4 Field variable Buffer Overflow. no database or middleware errors that reveal software used. multiple logins Log-out allowed for single user. no tracking material stored that could replay session. client privilege escalation 9 Error Handling No 404 errors. middleware or content control Applications applications with published security flaws. comments. email addresses. cookie validation. tracking logic. client connection DOS.
3. 2. key management/ revocation. remote Administration access security 12 Use of Encryption Obfuscation. Finally. there needs to be criteria by which to measure the successes or failures of the procedures implemented. ports. scalability 8. it is imperative to get the right information to the right stakeholder. Risk. Web Application Security Action Plan A Web Application Security Process can be implemented using 3 key guidelines: 1. Similarly. secured integration of software into the Web environment. password storing. . Development needs to understand what these vulnerabilities and compliance exposures are in development terms. Using their existing methods and metrics they. There are several good sources both online and in security testing tools for developers. Performing security testing during the application development lifecycle at key points during the various stages from develo pment to QA to Staging will reduce costs and significantly reduce your online risk. secure configuration of software. Ultimately. can properly prioritize and monitor the defect remediation process as well as accurately assess release candidacy. Understand: Perform security audits and defect testing throughout the Application lifecycle. one must not forget that the application development lifecycle is the breeding ground for the defects that cause the risks. i. trend and regression analysis on the security defects just like they do for performance and functionality flaws. Organizations use trending and defect remediation analysis metrics to identify areas and issues to focus on. Production applications are an obvious first place to implement regular audits and analysis to determine security and compliance risk to an organization. QA must be able to perform delta. with the ever-increasing number and scope of Government and internal regulations and policies. Communicate: After risks and security defects have been identified. applications. Compliance and R&D need to communicate and validate application risks against these very real business drivers. This means providing details around how the attack works and guidance on remediation.e. there may be a certain security defect type that keeps cropping up which can then be identified and dealt with through targeted education and training to recognize repeated risks with a particular infrastructure product or vendor. along with Product Management. login credentials. At the same time. 11 Application Policy procedures. teams from Security. Measure: For any process to be successful. measuring and analyzing scan results will contribute to a reduction in liability and risk brought about by implementing a web application security plan. | 2019-04-26T02:32:21Z | https://www.scribd.com/document/6906524/TESTING-faq |
It may surprise some who know me to learn that I don’t like to read. In fact, I often fantasize about a day in which technological advances will make us able to download information directly to our brains (think Neo in the Matrix). Until then, however, I must read because I love to learn.
I love learning new information, hearing new arguments, testing current positions, going deeper into thoughtful implications, and finding and repairing my own inconsistencies. I love discovering how geniuses have already thought through what I am struggling to understand. And, above all other things I read, I love hearing the voice of God throughout the pages of holy Scripture.
My love for learning, my vocational role as a pastor and teacher, and my intentional approach to relationships with others has got me reading quite a range of books right now. Here is what I am reading now (and a few things I’ve read in the last couple of months), along with my own respective recommendations.
This is a great place to begin for any Christian who wants to move from “Sure, I’m a Christian…” to “I believe and follow Christ, and I’d be glad to talk with you about it.” This book systematically covers most topics of the Christian faith. If you want to know what Christians believe and why they believe it, then read this. I’m reading this book with a friend for mutual discipleship and growth.
Every Christian knows he or she should be praying well and regularly, but many Christians feel a sense of confusion and shame regarding their current prayer-life. This book will be a great help for the new Christian and the long-time disciple. Offering deeply biblical, historically grounded, and readily applicable insights, this book will simply help you pray better. I am glad to have read this book last month as an assignment in a seminary course.
Church pastors and leaders, this book is for you! As a pastor, I read a lot about church. Several books have been a great help to me, and this is among them. Thoroughly biblical (you’ll be amazed at how many biblical citations there are) and highly practical, this book provides a fantastic blueprint for being and doing church. I am reading this book with a handful of other leaders among my congregation.
A true churchman, Mark Dever is the one to whom I turn for ecclesiological theory and practice. This book is the direct and biblical argument for what the local church is and does. While some books are for practical application, this one is for solid grounding and thoughtful understanding. As a pastor or church leader, you must either align yourself with these truths or give your own reasons for rejecting them. I am reading this book right now with my staff.
As a general rule, I consult between 2 and 4 commentaries as part of my preparation for preaching. I am currently preaching through the Gospel of John, and I have been thoroughly impressed by D.A. Carson’s commentary. Carson’s content is a good compilation of a wide range of scholarship in an accessible format, and it is well-presented. I highly recommend this book as a resource for preachers, theologians, and Bible students of all levels.
I must confess that I am not greatly interested in speculative works like this. However, Lewis does a masterful job of creatively reminding Christians that we are certainly at war. Whether there is a specifically assigned devil to each person or not, the sinful obstacles to Christian growth are enumerated well here. Every Christian would benefit much from thinking through the challenge this book inevitably raises. I listened to this as an audiobook, and I finished it in three visits to the gym (it is quite short).
If you are like me, then your “to read” stack of books is probably already pretty tall. That said, I’d be glad to know if there are other books you’ve found helpful on related topics.
Author marcminterPosted on July 27, 2017 August 2, 2017 Categories General MusingTags books, reading, recommendationsLeave a comment on What are you Reading?
Christians Don’t Need the Bible?
Yesterday, I overheard a conversation between a handful of friends. A table full of ladies (in their late 20s and early 30s) were talking loud enough for the whole room to hear, so I was not eavesdropping. As a matter of fact, I would have preferred to avoid hearing the dialogue altogether. The interaction centered on their relationships with one another and at least a couple of other ladies who were not there to contribute.
As a Christian (and particularly a pastor), I was interested in the strong spiritual nature of their banter. Their vocabulary sounded Christian, but the apparent meanings of the phrases and words they used were much more pagan and mystical than biblical. Most concerning to me was the fact that they never once cited a passage of Scripture or even alluded to the Bible.
Not one Bible story or example was offered for consideration. No quote from Jesus was mentioned. No biblical principle was called upon to undergird any personal application. The whole conversation was devoid of the objective authority of the Bible, and yet there were many authoritative statements and claims made.
Once they finished and departed, I resisted the urge to apologize to everyone else in the room for the eccentric display of pseudo-Christianity. The reason I felt compelled then (and feel the same now) to distance myself from this version of Christianity is because I believe it is often silly, usually lazy, and frequently dangerous.
Whatever one believes about specific applications of biblical truth, the very minimum standard of Christianity is a submission to Christ as Lord; and Jesus Christ cannot be separated from His words. Jesus said, “If you love me, you will keep my commandments [or instructions]” (Jn. 14:15). Jesus also said that the way a Christian grows in unity with Christ is through the word of God (Jn. 17:17).
There is a foolish notion afoot today. Many think that some kind of Christianity can be experienced and cultivated apart from the Bible. Of course, Christians will not usually say this; but their utter neglect of the Bible speaks loud and clear. Many Christians do not have even a general ability to reference biblical grounds for what they say or why they believe the way they do.
Sentimental spirituality is not admirable, and it is a poor substitute for genuine (biblical) Christianity. Only a familiarity with Jesus’ words will cause a person to grow in real intimacy with Jesus Himself.
Has God not made the effort to reveal Himself on the pages of Scripture? Do we believe the Bible is God’s word? Have we any ability to know about Jesus Christ (and, therefore, truly know Him) without the biblical record?
Of all the people in the world, Christians should be the most biblically literate. In times gone by, Christians spoke with a vocabulary that came directly from the Bible. Words, themes, and illustrations in everyday language were directly drawn from the Scriptures.
May God rid us of our laziness, and may we hunger and thirst for the words of our God. And since the Bible is more accessible today than ever, may we be diligent in our use of this marvelous gift of God – His Word.
Author marcminterPosted on May 10, 2017 May 10, 2017 Categories General MusingTags bible, christianityLeave a comment on Christians Don’t Need the Bible?
This morning, likely for the last time, I prayed with a six-year-old boy who became my son… at least for a while. My mind is searching for terms and concepts at the moment to accurately convey the relationship and connection, but I am not sure exactly how to describe it. I am not his father; I only met him about a year ago. He is not my son; he sporadically called me “daddy,” and I never once gave him the benefit of the loving physical discipline I give to my other sons.
And yet, he is not just any boy… In a real sense, he is (or at least was) my son.
My wife and I have been foster parents (off and on) for a combined total of about three and a half years. One of our foster boys went back home to his biological mother today, and this is the cause of my introspective post.
In these first moments, after he has gone, I am celebrating the good things we both enjoyed. I enjoyed another playful personality at the dinner table and another eager-but-clumsy body to throw around on the living room floor. Boys are quite simple in their desires and expectations you know. A full belly and some rough-housing will go a very long way.
He enjoyed the imperfect and genuine love of a father. This took the form of quick-witted responses to his naive attempts to assert his dominance. It was expressed in many intervening interrogations when situations demanded them, questioning each boy to learn just how much truth was left untold. It was also demonstrated in regular Bible-reading, interesting stories of past Christians who lived and died for Christ, and gathering nightly for prayer as a family in one room or another.
Oh yes, as I now think of it. This boy is my son. Who else gets such investments from me? There is no other relationship like it… father and son.
We will miss him, and (in his own way) he will miss us too. And yet, we will also treasure him, as we have treasured him thus far. He was a welcome addition to our family while he was near, and he shall not lose his place in our hearts just because he is now far.
As I have prayed so many times before, may God grant him grace and draw him near. May he come to know, to understand, and to believe the Gospel of Christ. Only in a deeper understanding of the Gospel will my son ever know why I willingly became his father, and then let him go.
What has the Beast to do with The Shack?
What does The Shack have to do with Beauty and the Beast? Well, they are quite different narratives, but there is something you should know about their similarities.
Come on… I would think to myself. These warnings are for the weak-minded people who need someone else to do their thinking for them. And, to a large degree, this is still my natural and immediate reaction.
That said, I want to sound an alarm… But, please hear me out.
I will not urge you to avoid any books, movies, or activities here. Instead, my alarm is a warning to be aware as you go… as you see… as you read… and as you choose how you will proceed in all of this.
I recently wrote a post about the movie The Shack (God doesn’t live in The Shack), in which I warned of the error and danger of indulging in such a thing. There, like here, my warning is less about what you peruse and more about inviting you to examine things more deeply.
If anyone was unsure about Mr. Young’s beliefs, which are the instructive basis of his fiction novel (The Shack), then his new non-fiction work leaves all uncertainty behind. Tim Challies recently wrote a fairly detailed article addressing some of the specific theological beliefs Mr. Young holds (see Tim Challies’ article HERE). There is no doubt that Mr. Young’s theological beliefs come through in The Shack, and we are fools to think this is not by design.
But wait… I don’t mean to say the Mr. Young is nefariously attempting to do something to those who read his book or watch the movie it has inspired.
Rather, I am pointing out the inescapable reality that authors, producers, and scriptwriters cannot not be motivated and instructed by their own beliefs. Furthermore, these beliefs are going to be the instructive content of anything they create.
In a recent New York Times article, the principles and methodology of Disney’s creations were on clear display (see that article HERE). Noting several intentional characters and the systematic approach of Disney’s executives, the article (just one of many) openly discusses the plan and belief system driving what is produced.
The live-action Beauty and the Beast (Disney’s latest movie) is set to release on March 17 in the USA. We are told by the director, Bill Condon, that there is a “nice, exclusively gay moment” in store for those who watch the movie (see that article HERE). Of course, it should come as no surprise that Disney is a proponent of the LGBT and sexual revolution.
Here too, I am not saying that Disney executives are inherently wicked because they produce material that reflects their beliefs. They are not “out to get your kids” in some deceptive and evil sense.
However, The Shack and Beauty and the Beast are both works of literary and cinematic art that are packed full of educational material coming from a systematic belief structure. In this sense, these movies (like everything you watch or read) intend to shape your mind and perspective.
No matter what you believe about them, you should know that these movies believe something about you (and everything else). These movies intend to influence and teach, and those who think otherwise are also the most easily influenced by their teaching.
There is no such thing as “mindless” entertainment. Entertainment teaches, and those lessons that are most memorable are usually the ones that come by way of personal experience and a gripping storyline.
The alarm I am sounding is intended to rouse your awareness and strengthen your resolve to live mindfully in the world.
Watch, read, and take in whatever you will; but please do not be surprised when you begin to think, speak, and live like the stuff you take in.
Author marcminterPosted on March 9, 2017 March 27, 2017 Categories General MusingTags Beauty and the Beast, The ShackLeave a comment on What has the Beast to do with The Shack?
Individualism seems to be an essential aspect or feature of being an American. Americans are independent if they are anything, or at least they want to feel that way. However, individualism is something that causes Christian Americans to be conflicted. One could certainly argue the merits of acting with personal responsibility, but I would like to take a closer look at the idea of Christian community as it opposes a purely individualistic posture.
The Bible commands Christians to have a perspective of community and not individualism. This command is directly focused on the relationships enjoyed among Christians connected with one another in a local church family.
The “coming together” in this passage makes note of the universal example we have in the Old Testament and New Testament of the people of God. God’s people are never encouraged to be isolated from the larger community or family of God. Just think about the first example we have of someone separating himself from the community of faith… Lot left Abram/Abraham (Gen. 13). Immediately Lot ran into trouble (Gen. 14), and things never got better for him (Gen. 19).
The simple and far-reaching point is: there is no such thing as a ‘lone-ranger’ Christian who is not also in direct defiance of God’s clear design. While many in our culture today are rightly noticing problems with the structure and direction of American Evangelicalism, the solution is not isolation. Christians “come together,” and that union should be defined by Scripture and not personal preference.
In my opinion, guests are not to blame for thinking this way. Why would anyone expect anything other than a consumeristic perspective from an unchurched non-Christian? The blame for perpetuating this way of thinking lies directly on the shoulders of many in the so-called “church growth” movement.
Many people inside of the Christian subculture in America have come to define success by numbers (attendance, financial budgets, square feet, etc.). This is a mistake. This is how for-profit businesses measure success, not the Church. But when Christians emphasize the same measurements of success as the local shopping center, it is no wonder that the local churches start to adopt the same consumeristic perspective as well.
Paul commands Christians (in the context of a local church) to “wait for one another.” The word translated “wait” connotes patient expectation, and there is no small amount of meaning here. Christians are to patiently expect to participate in a community of believers, to lay down an individual agenda, and to set aside personal preferences.
Additionally, the command to “wait for one another” is merely one of about fifty of these kinds of commands in the New Testament. Often called “one anothers,” these commands collectively detail the things Christians in a local church family ought to be doing and saying with regard for one another.
Church members are to “care for one another” (1 Cor. 12:25), “comfort one another” (2 Cor. 13:11), “live in harmony with one another” (Rom. 12:16), “serve one another” (Gal. 5:13), “bear one another’s burdens” (Gal. 6:2), and “forgive one another” (Eph. 4:2). There is much more, but you get the idea.
What is your posture or perspective of the local church? Does it align with the biblical instruction?
May God grant us the wisdom to know His design and the courage to live accordingly.
It has amazed me to recently discover how many Christians consider podcasting, television preachers, and radio sermons to be just as beneficial (sometimes more beneficial) than participating in a local church. As a local church pastor, this kind of foolish thinking is enough to deserve a poke in the eye. However, as a local church pastor, I cannot always allow my desired response to be my actual one.
So, for the benefit of anyone who will consider them, allow me to present five reasons why you need a real-life pastor.
1. You need a pastor to remind you that preaching is not just presenting a good message (1 Tim. 4:11-12).
Your favorite podcast preacher will never speak to you with the same loving care for your soul that you pastor has. While your pastor may never speak as well as the other guy, your pastor will preach with a heart full of love for you – personally. Your pastor will pray for you by name, and he will have your spiritual health in mind as he shepherds you through preaching.
2. You need a pastor to remind you that Christians are real people (1 Tim. 4:12, 15).
That TV preacher isn’t real… at least you don’t see who he really is. Of course, I’m not saying that all TV preachers are lying fakers. What I am saying is that you will never get to see that TV preacher hurt, apologize, play with his kids, or decide between adding one more church responsibility or guarding his family time. You need to see a real man live an imperfect and godly life in front of you. Your pastor will both encourage and challenge you through his exemplary life.
3. You need a pastor to look you in the eyes (1 Tim. 4:15).
When have you ever run into that radio preacher at the grocery store, after having neglected to listen to his latest message? Ah, but you will have to look your pastor in the eye after you’ve neglected to participate in the last couple of Sunday morning worship services. That eye-to-eye encounter is more meaningful than you are likely to understand, and you are likely much less grateful than you should be for it. Your pastor will be an encouragement and motivation to you as you seek to live a more consistent Christian life.
4. You need a pastor to teach you stuff you don’t want to learn (Titus 2:1).
Even your favorite preacher or teacher is going to talk about stuff that you don’t really care for, or stuff you think you already know, or stuff you disagree with. But when he does it, you can just turn him off. You need to revisit things you think you already know. You need to think longer about some things than you already have. You need to read and consider passages of the Bible that challenge your existing beliefs. And all of this only happens when you have a pastor who loves you and who loves God’s word enough to pastor (shepherd) you well.
5. You need a pastor to say “no” to your face (Titus 2:15).
No TV preacher is going to tell you anything to your face, but he will certainly never be near enough to challenge you when you are playing with sin. Sin is devastating; it crushes hope, destroys harmony, and numbs your conscience. When you sin, you easily justify it. You need a pastor who loves you, who will demonstrate that love by forcing you to call your sin what it is, and who will help you go about putting it to death.
There are many more, but only a fool would say that these are insufficient to demonstrate your need (Prov. 1:7).
My pastoral advice: Find a solid, Bible-saturated, Christ-loving, God-fearing pastor; then love him, pray for him, encourage him, and thank God for him every day. | 2019-04-21T20:25:51Z | https://marcminter.com/category/general-musing/ |
After endless hours of scorching in heat, brewing in turmoil, fermenting in angst, the Assassin’s journey has just begun. In the shadow of the temple, he lies in wait, maturing his plot to perfection. He emerges merciless, dominated by darkness, his bite laced with the charred remnants of his victims. No man dares to cross his path. They will forever sleep with one eye open, in fear of the Assassin’s hot kiss of death.
Appearance - Typical dark thick motor oil out of the bottle. Minimal head on the pour, but slightly more than the recent 13/14 assassins that I've had. Typical dark khaki ring that TG has, but with some trailing carb in the center. Head seems to build higher than the past assassins which pour pretty flat.
Smell - Sugar dominates the nose backed by alcohol/booze. Chocolate base underlines it all with hints of dark fruit mixed in.
Taste - Semi-sweet chocolate up front. Almost sweeter than 2013 was to me off the top of my head. This sugary sweetness mixes with licorice and turns towards bourbon and oak. Burnt char/bitterness takes over at the end which i don't find that pleasant and takes a bit away from the beer to me.
Overall - Reminds me of a cross between the chocolate and booze that were dominate on 14 with the sweetness of 2013, but lacking the dark fruit that 2013 exhibited on taste. While its a cross between the two it doesn't seem to exceed the quality of either and kind of fumbles around in the middle. The back end with the bitterness takes away from it compared to 2013/2014. The carb level of 2016 also exceeds past years by a fair bit making the mouthfeel seem thinner and more fleeting. Still a top notch stout, but when comparing it to prior batch quality 2016 is bringing up the rear by a fair margin.
Heavy weight near flat motoroil pour. No real head of any sort. Sweet sugary aroma mixed with dark fruits and light milk chocolate. Taste follows aroma with this being much sweeter than the 2014 chocolate bomb. 2013 highlights the dark fruits coated in sugar and mixed with milk chocolate and oak. Mouthfeel is on par with 2014 that you are basically drinking liquid fudge, lingers forever.
22oz bomber with yellow wax from the 2013 release, generously shared by lunarbrew with our tasting group today, 6.18.2013. We drank this after the Hunahpu's which we opened up first.
Re-review: of the 2014 gold wax vintage, poured into a Toppling Goliath gold snifter 8/22/2014. This simply isn't as good as last year's. As a whole, the bourbon character is far too strong here as there is very little of the chocolatey fudge goodness that characterized last year's yellow wax version. The nose has a paint thinner, nail polish scent going which was very surprising as last year's had essentially chocolate marshmallows on the nose, which is not to be found here. The mouthfeel is still there in spades, but I would highly recommend aging this for a while. The whiskey almost entirely covers up the normally excellent base stout and I honestly feel that the PVW+TG hype is carrying this beer further than it should be conceivably going based on how it is tasting right now. Still, don't get me wrong- this is a thick imperial stout with a strong whiskey character (think Fifteen with a thick mouthfeel and an acetone-like nose) and it may very well improve significantly with a year on it.
Was lucky enough to get the three bottle stout set from cparles. We did Morning Delight, this one and KBBS, in that order. Cheers!
APPEARANCE: A thick, opaque black pour yields a small, foamy, dark mocha head. Pitch black body but with higher levels of carbonation evident. Head fades to a faint wisp and ring. A slight swirly wisp and ring remain leaving falling dots of lacing down the glass. Really black body, but a foamy head and too much carbonation for the style.
SMELL: Lots of whisky, coconut, milk chocolate, vanilla and lightly roasted coffee. Caramel as well, with oak rounding it out. Nice nose, and plenty forthcoming.
TASTE: Oak, whisky, coconut and vanilla up front. More oak and whisky through the middle into the swallow. A big, lingering finish of whisky, coconut, lots of oak, milk chocolate and caramel sweetness lingers on the palate. Very sweet with lots of wood flavors, but very little roasted malt and bitterness as balance. There's a lot of good sweetness here, but not enough other components to provide balance.
PALATE: Medium body and higher levels of carbonation. Very creamy smooth on the palate, slick and silky, goes down smooth and finishes very sticky. A bit of heat lingers on the palate. A touch light and too much carbonation, but creamy and silky.
OVERALL: Lighter bodied than the other two and very, very sweet. Not quite cloying per se, but definitely too sweet and not enough bitterness as balance. This one definitely suffers from BA Dark Lord syndrome; good in small quantities, but tough to handle otherwise. The fact that people only ever drink this beer in small servings might explain why it gets such inflated scores as well. In the end, this is an interesting creation and I'm very glad to have gotten the chance to try it, but it falls well, well short of the magic that is Morning Delight and KBBS. I would like to try future incarnations of this beer, as an adjustment here or there might really make a world of difference. Thanks again cparles. This was one of the funnest sets we've ever done.
You people are kidding me , right?
This beer tastes like fresh cardboard.
T: Fig, plum, raisin, coffee and chocolate. Barrel really brings out vanilla sweetness.
O: Almost exactly what I was expecting from this beer. Thick, dark, roasty and chocolatey. Very gracious of BeersAndBears to share.
S: BIG coffee and chocolate. Bourbon/ethanol as it warms.
T: Really sweet. Lots of chocolate, coffee and dark fruit, emphasis on chocolate.
O: Whether it is the pappy barrels (maybe) or just the time, thought, and care put into this beer (likely) it is truly one of the best BA stouts I have had.
First, this is a very good beer. However, this has to be one of the most over hyped and improperly rated beers on this site in my opinion.
Pours dark black oil with no head. And, most of the reviews point that fact out. Yet, they still give a score of 4.5 and such! I don't get it it! Any other beer that has no head would not get and "outstanding plus" visual score.
Moreover, the nose is good but not wonderful. Several reviews point out weaknesses and shortcomings in the nose which is, indeed, chocolate, vanilla, roasted grains and sweet coffee. It's a nice nose but perhaps not as assertive as others on the same playing field.
Mouth feel is low carb. Clearly not outstanding. Yet, the beer is given 4s, 4.5s and more, despite being somewhat of a flat sweet stout.
Taste is boozy, chocolaty, vanilla, coffee and thick sweet malt. Good - very good, and with a nice sweet bitter coffee finish.
This is a very good good beer. This is a very good stout. It is not particularly well made and certainly not an exemplary example of the style.
Thick, sweet and hard to get do not equal an outstanding beer. Good yes; outstanding or more? No.
Great debt of gratitude to the always-generous mista, who picked me up a bottle after I declined an offer to go the release with him. Yes, I'm an idiot. 22 oz. bottle from 2013, drippy yellow wax, split with my wife. Given my encounters with Kentucky Brunch & Mornin' Delight, expectations are...well. If the beer doesn't kiss me, I'll be disappointed.
Peel away the nicely hardened wax & the beer emerges black, with a good dose of carbonation. Nose warms my cockles: too-thick brownie batter where some wag subbed in a 1/2 cup of whiskey for the Minnesota tap water listed in the recipe. Love. Ly.
Assassin coats the throat somewhere between 5W30 and 20W50. The thickness is remarkable, with a mouthfeel like a heavier version of BCS. Richer than anything liquid has any right to be. Favors the barrel with strong whiskey notes up front, backed by more brownie batter, tons of vanilla, heavy-sweet malts, with roast looking a little lost in the crowd. Crazy drinkable, just because it's so damn good.
Not only a kiss; I got tongue. Anybody who trades away a bottle of this stuff needs to have their head examined, because it's one of the best. Absolutely amazing beer...& the third-best TG stout I've had. That's borderline unbelieveable.
vintage 2013; bomber with yellow wax.
Appearance: black bodied beer with 1 finger of medium brown head. Head quickly drops to a thin ring around the glass. A gentle swirl brings back about the original amount of head, maybe even a little more.
Smell: The nose is a little bit whiskey forward, but for the most part its well balanced with the stout. Chocolate, roasty and sweet malts, oak barrel, hint of black licorice and maybe some dark fruit notes.
Taste: Moderately sweet stout that not overly roasty balanced nicely with barrel notes. Fudge and Chocolate, whiskey, oak, coconut, molasses, light roast, hint of dark fruits and leather. Great complexity! The beer seems to meld together nicely in the finish. This beer really opens up nicely as it warms up.
Mouthfeel: high end of a medium bodied beer with moderate cabonation. This beer has very nice carbonation levels that keeps the big flavors of this beer from becoming too overwhelming. The beer feels silky and a little oily too. This beer isnt boozey at anytime. Really smooth drinking barrel aged imperial stout.
Overall: This beer reminds me of the first time I had Bourbon County Brand Stout back in 2008. This beer is clicking on all cylinders! Its got a lot of complex flavors, smell great, well balanced in both nose and taste and it has a fantastic mouthfeel. This is my second Toppling Goliath stout that I have drank and this small brewery in Decorah, Iowa knows how to brew world class beers!
The closest thing I've ever had to a 5/5 and the stout every other stout should be judged against. I've never had anything quite like it and probably never will. Just an awesome beer all around.
2013 vintage (yellow wax), consumed Jan. '14.
Impenetrable black pour, with a wispy tan head that receded rather quickly to a thin ringlet; minimal lacing. Pretty basic aroma for a stout, roasty dark malts, toasted grains, notes of bourbon-soaked oak and neutral alcohol; just about no coffee at all. Taste was similar, pretty oaky, roasty dark malts, toasted pumpernickel, slight herbal (or maybe astringent?) bitterness, thin bourbon notes, semi-sweet chocolate, molasses, maybe some dried prunes in there, and again, very little coffee, if any at all, with a stale solventy aftertaste. Body was on the fuller side of medium, but really no more than that, mouthfeel was a little chalky and unbalanced, carbonation was appropriately moderate. A pretty average stout overall. But I guess it's a whale because it's from Bumble****, Iowa.
Pour is black with mocha head. Nose is bourbon, light wood, some malt body, Lots of sugar and sweetness. Taste is more sweet, lots of sugar, caramel, sweet. Lighter malt complexity, barrel isn't poorly integrated. Body is thick and creamy, moderate carbonation.
The nose is great and is full of rich chocolate brownie batter with a touch of barrel. The taste doesn’t transition though. There is a ton of dark fruit and dark cherry on the palette. The dark fruit overwhelms the other notes in this beer and pushes them into the distant background like the big brownie batter note that was dominant on the nose. The mouthfeel is full and verges on chewy. Overall this beer is pretty good, but falls short of the hype by quit a lot.
ear with a bottle to share. What a guy!
semisweet fudge, nutty oak, faint char, dried & roasted coffee, & tepid vanillin.
everyone who has tasted it - but thanks to own inability to safely lock down a bottle.
knockout of there ever was one. Simply a masterpiece on all levels.
openness of warmth, but another layer of complexity in this magnificent beast.
rare to find beers crafted this well nowadays, at least from a percentage standpoint.
Don't pass this one up if you get a chance - you will not regret it.
2016 purple wax vintage. Pour is incredible- as thick as a stout could be. Brownie batter on the nose, smell is fantastic. Taste does not follow... boozy and sweet, not overwhelming either way. Bit of roastiness on this- dare I say almost smokey? Big barrel presence. No indication of any stone fruit taste as others have mentioned. Mouthfeel is molasses, thick as mud. Will coat your mouth as it did your glass. Overall happy to have secured a bottle of this. You can enjoy this now, but this one is built to last. Anxious to try it in a couple years down the road. World class offering from Toppling Goliath.
Wow, very disappointed in this one. I would never do secondary value on this, and probably not even MSRP. It was like soy sauce honestly, glad to have tried it, but much better BA Stouts out there for a much better price, straight up hype train in my opinion.
Rating applies to 2018 (orange wax) Assassin.
Barrel is quite prominently present. Nose is laden with loads of dark fruit. Taste similarly reflective of dark fruit. I found myself quite surprised. At least while cool, the beer is not incredibly thick and doesn't have a ton of character other than dark fruit and barrel.
But I had another pour later, possibly deeper in to the keg - this pour was significantly thicker, oilier, and richer (nose, taste, and mouth feel). It still consisted of too much dark fruit for my liking, but it was much better. I'm still slightly puzzled by the difference in those two pours.
Assassin is another one of those whalez that I was eager to tick... and in the time that I've been searching for one, I've drank too many other good beers. It just cannot live up to expectation at this point. Cheers if it's a favorite of yours, but it certainly is not one of mine.
Poured from bomber into tulip glass. Let it warm up for a good 45 minutes before drinking.
A- black with an dark brown head, looks like chocolate cake with a mousse topping. Delicious. Head dissipates rather quickly into nothing which is pretty normal for a beer with this high ABV.
S- Tons of alcohol, sweet molasses, vanilla and oak. Then coffee seeps in and smooths out the scent. It was kind of a roller coaster ride with the smell. After the coffee, dark fruit and chocolate come in on the end.
T - Follows the nose almost exactly. Tons of bourbon but the coffee is a lot smoother in the taste than the smell. It coats the mouth like ice coffee does but it tastes like hot coffee (if that makes sense). Dark chocolate comes through on the end and finished real nice.
M- a little hot, but overall extremely smooth. Very thick as well.
O- A fantastic beer, I was expecting a little more coffee, but the smoothness of the coffee rivals BCBCS. I think with a year on this beer the alcohol will tone down and it will get even better.
Thanks for opening this with me, VaTechHopHead!
Nearly black, though very heavy and substantial looking in the glass. Shiny and oily, with a small brown head that leaves dots of stick.
Monstrous, rich, and lovely aroma of chocolate, bourbon character (without the heat or sting), a bit of vanilla, some raisin, and cake batter. Excellent, and, unsurprisingly, better and better as it warmed.
The flavor is similar to the aroma. Massive amounts of dark chocolate character, bourbon (wood, vanilla, dark fruit) without the accompanying alcohol harshness. This is smooth as silk and the flavors blend together marvelously. This is lacking a big roasted malt note, but it sweet, complex, and incredibly flavorful.
Full in body. Thick. Chewy. Substantial. Monstrous stuff.
Simply fantastic. I was definitely blown away by this beauty.
2016 vintage; drank 6/2/17 @ Harvest Hop Haus.
Minimal dark tan head; minimal lace.
Raspberry, vanilla, milk chocolate & dark roast coffee bean notes in the nose.
Chocolate, raspberry & dark roast coffee bean flavors up front; Cabernet Sauvignon notes on the finish.
Gold Wax Assassin. Reviewed from notes.
Pours absolutely jet black, very small khaki colored head. Completly coats the glass, sticks to everything it touches. This beer smells amazing. Taste is mainly chocolate, some caramel, toffee, and fudge. Tastes almost like a brownie in beer form. Really lives up to the hype.
Popped and domed by myself on a Sunday night.
O - Overall, this was a letdown. It's good, but not world class. It was too sweet. I had a much easier time downing 20+ ounces of MD then this and you would think the Pappy barrels would have mellowed out some of the sweetness. I have another bottle and will either see how it ages and revisit in a year or trade for BA Abraxas or DB Huna which are far superior in my eyes.
Still a solid effort and a solid beer.
A friend of mine said his tasted and resembled nail polish remover which further leads me to the conclusion that there is great variation between the barrels or tops and bottoms of these barrels.
This bottle wasn't quite as sweet but definitely still didn't stand up to the ratings and the recent ratings of gold wax. This almost reminded me of a barleywine this time, not as sweet, still thick and creamy. Just not on par with their other stouts. Not even in the same stratosphere, I think hype is getting people here. I really don't see the 5's and 4.9's and where the are coming from and I am a very generous rater.
On tap at RateBeerBest. Viscous black stout that coats the glass and your mouth upon the first sip. Rich bourbon flavor with a hint of stone fruit help to balance the sweetness. Worth the hype for sure.
Echo GRG1313 below. This is a good beer, but so, so overhyped. To be honest, it is an average really good imperial stout. For those that are looking to "sell the farm" to get one of these, I would not go out of my way at all to acquire this.
Taste very good, but a Bit thin.
Nice vanilla and chocolate notes, some heat, minor bite, nothing extraordinary....actually very ordinary.
Has that special something that's hard to pin down.
'13 Prop is the only other BA stout that I've had that's in the same league as this.
A: Opaque black color with a scattered beige residue of diminishing bubbles. Scant lacing remains on the glass.
S: Bourbon is represented well, heavy on the vanilla but with less toasted oak, fitting nicely with deep dark fruit. The most distinctive part of the smell is the cakey roasted malt, suggesting decadence. No alcohol is detected.
T: Begins sweet, with dark chocolate and muted bourbon spirit. Acidity is detectable but restrained into the middle, where syrupy dark fruit and aromatic wood are discovered in transition. The finish shows a whiff of ethyl alcohol, establishing a boundary that must be stepped over only to find an obnoxious thread of scorched popcorn waiting to linger on the palate.
M: Thick viscosity, syrupy and chewy on the palate, with low carbonation.
D/O: This bourbon barrel-aged imperial stout represents a fair attempt at the style, and is endearing in its missteps. Perhaps it sets the bar too high with its impressive smell, but unfortunately some of the key features in the nose do not match up with corresponding flavor qualities. Textures are also decadent and rewarding, probably helping to elevate the features of the flavor profile that would otherwise seem disjunct and very average by comparison. It serves best in the capacity of dessert beer, where the sweetness and moderate spirit influence are not found to be out of place. | 2019-04-22T22:51:23Z | https://www.beeradvocate.com/beer/profile/23222/78660/?ba=4lo |
i’ve always been so fascinated by all things japanese – everything from candy, to fashion, to cosmetics; everything about the culture is so impressive to me. the japanese always seem to always come up with the most cutting-edge products and present them so beautifully.
what does tsuya skin serum do?
in ideal skin, cells have the ability to restore and protect itself day after day. that’s why baby’s skin is so perfect, pore-less and plump. but with age and fatigue, our skin looses its ability to do so, which is why our skin begins to loose its structure and becomes dull. this is what shu uemura calls “power-cut” in skin cells.
for young skin, the receptors on the skin cells receive signals to switch on the self-generation process and once this happens skin begins to produce more youthful molecules. but as we all know, as we age or as our skin becomes stressed, it’s unable to regenerate as it used to.
shu uemura labs found one receptor that remains intact throughout the aging process and has identified one molecule that stimulates this receptor to re-active the “power switch”.
shu uemura uses rhamose which is the miracle molecule that can re-active your skin’s youthful power swith. this means that it encourages your skin to regenerate. it also evens out your skin tone bringing the pink tones back, as skins becomes dull with age.
i did a test on my hand to show the instant results of the product. i was so excited to receive the serum and the uv underbase mousse. i’m going to begin my 7-day trial!
the tsuya skin serum is a beautiful pearly violet-pink with a light floral scent. violet and pink are colours that are usually used in makeup bases to instantly correct sallow skin.
with this being said, tsuya skin also has a new uv underbase mousse.
it also contains the rhamnose molecule and this new formula is more moisturizing with the same light floral scent as the tsuya serum.
i’ll tweet some updates on how my skin feels after the 7 days! to follow me on twitter, click the button to the right!
i’m always so excited when shu uemura comes out with a new collection! each collection is always designed with art, beauty and quality in mind. from the packaging, the colours and the textures to the intricate details of the false lashes, everything is always so beautiful with a story to tell.
this fall season, talented international artistic director mr. kakuyasu uchiide came up with an elegant collection called chocolat-donna featuring two glamourous nail polishes, three eyeshadow palettes, two blushes and a set of partial lashes. when i was in paris with uchiide-san, he explained that he wanted to design a collection that would be a gift to women. what better gift to give to a lady than beautifully fashioned chocolates? uchiide-san was inspired by chocolate and champagne pairings and used his favourite flavours to come up with the unique chocolate palettes: orange & pistachio, raspberry & mocha and mint & vanilla.
these palettes are also refillable with any regular sized shu uemura pressed eyeshadows.
this palette includes a glittery orange shade, a pearly pistachio green shade, a pearly peach shade, a cool metallic brown, a matte light brown and deep matte brown.
the textures are always amazing. highly pigmented and glide on smoothly. i can’t ever go back to using any other brand of eyeshadow! other makeup artists can surely agree.
this palette has shades of glittery brown, metallic pink, pearly pink, metallic plum, matte light brown, deep matte brown.
this palette has shades of: glitter gold, glitter mint green, matte beige, metallic warm brown, matte light brown, deep matte brown.
simply apply two coats of the rich chocolate shade to your nails, then apply the glitter polish to the tips the perfect diy manicure. it’s like having a glass of champagne with some dark chocolate truffles.
these pearly glow ons are like the rest of shu uemura glow ons: perfectly smooth and finely milled so they create the most natural glow. you can wear these shades alone (i particularly love using apricot shades of blush on deeper skin tones) or wear them together. i suggest applying the raspberry shade to the apples of the cheeks then softening buy applying the apricot shade over top.
of course, to complete the collection, a pair of dainty partial lashes with golden detailing. these lashes are so easy to apply and make lashes look instantly fuller because of the feathery finish. when eyes are open, it adds fullness to the edges of the eyes and when you blink, there a glimmer of gold – so pretty!
the chocolat-donna collection is perfect for creating simple daytime looks that easily transition to glamourous evening looks. i love this collection because it’s extremely wearable and i absolutely love that all of the palettes come with a lighter and a deeper matte brown eyeshadows which is perfect for contouring. i’m also a sucker for collections, so the fact that the palettes are reusable/refillable with the regular shu uemura pressed shadows is a bonus! this collection is available as of august 2012 in holt renfrews locations across canada so pick it up before it’s gone!
i’ll be creating some looks on myself using the palettes and lashes; remember to check back!
at age 30, i feel like my skin has been acting up lately like when i was a teenager! i’ve been chatting with several of my girl friends and reading some articles and it seems very common that our skin tends to become more acne-prone when we enter our 30s even if our skin was fine after our teenage years. it’s either this, or because i’ve been traveling more lately so the change in environment, diet and rhythm have been irritating my skin. my skin has been getting little bumps although it’s not oily at this moment. everyone’s skin is different, for myself, my skin tends to break out in little bumps when i’m stressed or not getting enough rest. i get occasional cystic pimples when i have hormonal fluctuations. how sad… although i can’t avoid these things, i have found ways to manage my skin issues (i have a couple of previous blog posts about my skin care regime).
currently, because i’ve been getting a lot of clogged pores that causes little bumps, i’ve begun using the new shu uemura porefinist gentle foaming cleanser. i’ve been using it for about 2 weeks now and it’s really helped to calm my skin. because it contains salicylic acid, which helps to eliminate dead skin cells, i find that it’s helping the clogged gunk (causing bumps) to come to the surface and to come off. i normally go for facials, so i’ll be going in a couple of weeks to get a good pore cleaning now that the dead skin is starting to shed off.
salicylic acid – this is the key ingredient for me personally. it eliminates dead skin cells so my skin looks brighter and it prevents gunk to clog my pored which causes bumps.
dragons beard extract – this is a moisturizing agent. this is what i feel makes the product better than other acne cleansers because my face doesn’t feel tight after cleansing. it feels fresh.
depsea water – i’ve talked about this in previous blogs, as it’s the key ingredient in all shu uemura skin products including foundation. it’s patented by shu uemura and was discovered by mr. shu uemura himself when he was in japan by the sea. he noticed a nurse who brought some children to swim in the sea water near moroto cape and asked the nurse what she was doing. the children had eczema and she said the water was healing their skin. after researching, he learned that the water circulating with the currents deep under the sea to the polar regions had picked up lots of mineral and nutrients which naturally heals and moisturizes skin. to read more about the history, click here.
it can be used dry or wet (so you can wet your face first, or not). i’ve been using this instead of my cleansing oil lately, just because my skin has been bumpy. so like i always say, choose to use products based on your skin’s needs at a particular moment.
at night, i use 2-3 pumps on dry skin so that i can remove my makeup.
in the morning, i find i just need one pump, since there isn’t anything on my skin.
when it lathers, it feels soft and has a slight silky texture. scent is not strong – it’s more fresh and not floral.
that’s what the pump looks like. this product was also designed to be eco-friendly.
just in time for summer! shu uemura has released two new great products that are both waterproof. great for the humid summer months and outings to the beach.
shu uemura stretch xtreme mascara. this mascara is a fibre mascara that’s waterproof. you can paint on layer after layer to achieve the desired volume and length for your lashes! the wand is also slightly curved so it fits nicely onto the lash line. this mascara was actually designed with asian lashes in mind, so that bristles on the wand grab onto the smallest of lashes and builds volume for sparse lashes.
shu uemura brow manicure. i have been waiting for shu to come out with a brow gel! it’s finally here! it’s sweat-proof and waterproof. it comes in two colours: honey glaze and ash brown. it has a handy wand with bristles designed to create the perfect brows. one end has shorter bristles to paint each brow (brushing the hairs upward) and the other side has longer bristles to brush the brows into place. i like to use this product in combination the the shu uemura hard formula (brow pencil – i use colour seal brown). i soften the colour using brush 6OB (angled badger hair brush designed for brows). My brows are quite sparse so I draw in the shape with the hard formula pencil, then paint my brows with the brow manicure to really give colour to my brows and to put them into place since my brows, like most asian brows, grow downwards. i don’t like to trim them because i don’t have very many hairs as it is, so i prefer to brush and place them aside using the brow gel.
here’s a photo with my right eye’s lashes curled using the shu uemura lash curler and coated with stretch xtreme mascara (3 coats). i also coated my bottom lashes (2 coats). my right brow is also done with the hard formula brow pencil and hairs painted and set in place with brow manicure. a very natural finish.
what a big difference it makes! for more length, i could’ve continued layering the mascara for a more dramatic effect.
try it! it really opens up the eyes.
i love traveling. i absolutely have the travel bug! but the one thing that i dread most about traveling is break outs. because of the change in environment, diet and time zone, my skin tends to get quite bumpy whenever i travel. the worst is when i get those big pimples deep under the skin that take forever to heal.
good news is, i FINALLY found a way to prevent travel break outs! during my visit out west for shu uemura, my skin began to get bumpy as soon as i landed in vancouver – the airplane tends to do that to my skin; i’m convinced it’s all the bacteria! but i could be wrong lol – but luckily, national trainer for shu uemura lori lucas shared with me a simple trick to heal the skin so quick and prevent break outs. lori is a wealth of knowledge when it comes to shu skincare!
use LOTS, i mean LOTS of toner! i used to try to limit what i put on my face because i was scared it would irritate my skin, but actually, it really calms it down. i used two cotton pads of toner morning and night.
use shu uemura award winning hydrability alnight quench SOS moisture essence. it’s basically an instant facial mask. i call it a face mask for lazy people.. lol.. because you just smooth it all over your face before bedtime and you don’t need to wash it off. it’s got a high concentration of our famous depsea water (glacial water extracted from polar regions containing lots of natural minerals from deep in the ocean). don’t be afraid to put lots on! your skin’s texture will be improved dramatically over night, i swear!
spritz lots of depsea mist during the day. i also had a small bottle that i used on the plane. the re-filtered air tends to really dry out the skin and make it flaky. the skin will them produce more sebum which i find breaks out my skin. this restores moisture to the skin and calms it down.
what you’d be doing is normalizing your skin; helping it maintain balance. we tend to get dehydrated when traveling because we don’t drink enough water or eat enough fruits and vegetables. when we don’t drink enough water, we’re not expelling the toxins from our body. the toxins need to come out from somewhere, so that’s why we see it appearing on our skin. how sad. but i finally found a way to prevent all of this! feeding my skin depsea water throughout the day and night really prevented the bumpy skin! i couldn’t believe it. i’m so happy that i finally found a way to keep my skin nice even when traveling.
try it! it really works! go to any of the holt renfrews across canada and discuss with one of the beauty experts at the counter. test it out, trust me, you’ll love it.
i’ve been having so much fun playing with the new shu uemura eyeshadow textures. there are 3 new silk cream shadows which can be worn alone, as a base for shadows or overtop shadows and 6 new cream eyeshadows. these are perfect for enhancing the new glitter shadows and help to prevent eyeshadows from falling onto the face during application.
use brush 10 and apply P deep plum 790 to the inner and outer parts of the eye to contour the eyeball and create dimension.
*tip: use eyelash curler to curl the luxe black lashes first, BEFORE applying them on your lashes. this gives the falsies a really good lift and it really widens then eye once applied.
*the tools that you use to apply shadows are even more essential when working with glitters. the best shu uemura brushes are made with kollinsky hair (asian mink) which is very porous. it picks up colour and deposits on the lip minimizing any fall off onto your cheek and gives high colour intensity.
the new stretch xtreme mascara is waterproof. it’s a fibre mascara so you can keep applying to build length and volume.
i used new shu uemura brow manicure. i absolutely LOVE this new product. the little brush has 2 sides, one with shorter bristles to paint each brow (sweep upwards) and other side with longer curved bristled to put the brows in place. best part is that it’s water and sweat proof! just in time for summer!
shu uemura just launched new shades of eyeshadows! for those who love shu eyeshadows, you know how beautiful the texture is. it’s the best eyeshadow out there; it’s made up of minuscule powders to adhere firmly to the skin, so it goes on super smoothly which gives the appearance of a creamy finish.
with all the pinks and corals that we see this season, try creating a soft coral look for this summer season. i was recently in japan and noticed all the girls with bright pink and peach cheeks and fluffy eyelashes; this is such a sweet, dolly look which is what we’ve been seeing on the runways as well.
for even and fresh looking skin, i used limited edition shu uemura bb beige uv underbase (SPF30) from the mamechiyo collection. (bb stands for blemish balm; it has higher coverage to even out skin and improves the texture of skin over time). then i used shu uemura face architect glowing fit powder foundation (which contains SPF26) in 564 (medium light sand). a powder foundation for summer time is great, it’s mattifying and doesn’t feel heavy.
use brush 20 and apply shu uemura glow on M medium peach 561 to apples of the cheeks (for dolly look apply more colour to the centre of the apple and create a gradation extending outwards). use glow on P light peach 510 to highlight cheekbones, bridge of nose and under eyes.
use drawing pencil in brown and line upper and lower lash line and smudge/soften with finger.
use brush 10 and apply P light coral 131 all over lid. tip: start from lash line and create a gradation upwards covering the entire lid.
use brush 11 and dab a small amount of P dark brown 895. use this to soften the edges of the medium brown shade.
use brush 11 and apply P light beige 822 to brow bone and blending into the P dark brown 895.
use brush 10F (flat brush) and press P medium brown 875 into outer 2/3 of lower lash line.
use brush 10F and press P light coral 131 to inner 1/3 of lower lash line. (tip: if you have dark circles, apply you can extend the coral shade lower than the inner corner of your eye; this will reflect light which reduces the darkness).
use brush 2R and black painting liner to line upper and lower lash line. don’t forget to fill under and in between your upper lash line to create an appearance of a fuller lash line.
curl lashes and apply shu uemura ultimate expression mascara to upper and lower lashes.
finish with shu uemura smoky layers false eyelashes.
left to right: ME light silver 935, ME soft gold 335, P light coral 131, ME soft pink 155, P light green 520, P light blue 611, P medium brown 875, P dark plum 790, ME light beige, 825, P light beige 822.
i’m using one of the 19 new shu uemura lipstick shades. its improved formula has much higher colour payoff (higher coverage) and is more moisturizing than the previous formula. it also has great staying power. the colour i’m using is PK320 (seashell pink). the colours always look brighter in the tube, but look super natural when applied to lips. | 2019-04-22T17:55:20Z | https://patriciamakeupartistry.com/category/reviews/page/2/ |
Joel Schlessinger MD and his son, Daniel, were recently awarded the patent for their FixMySkin Healing Balm with 1% Hydrocortisone. This unique formula was developed with hydrocortisone to not only moisturize, but also treat and heal the skin. A quick swipe will relieve itching and heal dry skin, chapped lips, psoriasis, eczema, insect bites, poison ivy, seborrheic dermatitis and allergic skin reactions to cosmetics and other products.
This unique balm was created to soothe chapped fingers, Joel Schlessinger MD explains.
FixMySkin Healing Balm was invented seven years ago when young Daniel Schlessinger struggled with dry, chapped skin on his hands in the middle of winter. Daniel put lip balm on his chapped fingers and wondered if there was a balm made specifically for this concern that really worked. His father, board-certified dermatologist and cosmetic surgeon Joel Schlessinger MD, and he were made it their mission to find out.
After thousands of hours of research, product development and testing, FixMySkin was born. Joel Schlessinger MD and Daniel worked to find a cosmetically elegant formula that delivered hydrocortisone deep into the skin. Additionally, they formulated the balm with a special combination of waxes that allows the product to remain solid even when warm so it won’t melt in a purse or pocket.
Joel Schlessinger MD says the creation of FixMySkin has been a great learning experience for Daniel.
FixMySkin Healing Balms with 1% Hydrocortisone come in vanilla or unscented varieties and they are available in three convenient sizes for the face, lips and body.
Dr. Joel Schlessinger and a few of his staff members attended a meeting last week in Los Angeles where they spotted several celebrities. The staff traveled to Los Angeles to learn about a new clinical research trial when they happened to run into several celebrities at the Beverly Hills Hilton.
Halle Berry and Tom Hanks were at the hotel for an event surrounding the release of their newest movie, Cloud Atlas.
Other celebrities that were at the hotel at the same time as Dr. Joel Schlessinger and staff were Ben Whinshaw, Susan Sarandon, Hugh Grant, Cedric the Entertainer and Kevin Connolly.
The Beverly Hills Hilton was also the hotel where famed singer and actress Whitney Houston passed away last February. According to Dr. Schlessinger, the room she was found in, number 435, is no longer available for rent and has the room number taken down.
Dr. Joel Schlessinger and his family are large supporters of cinematic arts – learn more about their involvement in Omaha’s local independent film theater, Film Streams, here.
See more photos of Tom Hanks and Susan Sarandon at the Beverly Hills Hilton on Dr. Joel Schlessinger’s Flickr photostream.
Have you ever had a celebrity sighting? Tell us about it in the comments.
Although autumn has just begun, it only means that winter is right around the corner. Winter season can wreak havoc on your skin, leaving it dry, itchy and cracked. Our fingers and toes are especially susceptible to these conditions. This leads us to one of the most common questions Dr. Joel Schlessinger is asked – why do my fingers crack in the winter?
This itchy, uncomfortable and sometimes painful condition can be treated with the FixMySkin Healing Balms with 1% Hydrocortisone. These medicated healing balms soothe dry and irritated skin. With regular use, you’ll have relief from pain and a faster healing time.
Dr. Joel Schlessinger and his son, Daniel, invented these balms to help fight dry, itchy skin. In fact, Daniel Schlessinger invented the idea of these balms while he was treating dry, cracked skin on his fingertips.
Purchase FixMySkin Healing Balms today or learn more about these pocket-friendly medicated healing balms here.
Dr. Joel Schlessinger just returned back to Omaha after a vacation to Mount Rushmore and the Grand Canyon. Dr. Joel Schlessinger, along with his wife, son and parents spent the last week hiking and exploring these scenic parts of America.
“While I was hiking in the Grand Canyon, which is about 8000 feet above sea level, I took more precautions than I would at sea level as the cloud cover isn’t as much. This leads to many more sun risks,” Dr. Joel Schlessinger said.
High altitudes can be quite deceptive–at higher altitudes, many of the sun’s harmful rays are not filtered as well by the atmosphere. Temperatures are cooler but there is an increased light intensity. This can lead to serious skin burns that can cause premature aging, hyperpigmentation and skin cancer.
Dr. Joel Schlessinger and his family followed a strict sun protection regimen to keep their skin protected from the harmful rays at high altitudes. This included the best sunscreen for high altitudes and sports, sun protection hats and sun protection clothing.
As for sunscreen, Dr. Joel Schlessinger chose three of the best sunscreen choices for active lifestyles. He used EltaMD Clear SPF 46 and La Roche-Posay Anthelios 60 Ultra Light Sunscreen Fluid alternately on his face. EltaMD Clear is lightweight and oil-free, perfect for any occasion where sweating may be an issue. Anthelios Fluid is also lightweight and absorbs quickly into the skin, leaving a matte finish.
He also used EltaMD Sport SPF 50 on his arms and neck. This is the best sunscreen for athletes and those who maintain an active lifestyle. Perfect for hiking, the Schlessingers used this sunscreen to protect their skin while exploring the Grand Canyon and Mount Rushmore, as it is sweat- and water-resistant.
Dr. Joel Schlessinger also wore a Tilley Hat and a Columbia UPF shirt for extra coverage. Tilley is a brand of sun protection hats made from highly researched fabrics that help to protect your skin from 98% of the sun’s damaging rays. As for sun protection clothing, look for any clothes that have a UPF rating. UPF, or ultraviolet protection factor, measures the UV protection provided by fabric.
Don’t forget about your eyes – UV rays can also cause eye damage, including cataracts, macular degeneration, photokeratitis and more. To protect his eyes, Dr. Joel Schlessinger wore a pair of polarized sunglasses to safeguard against damaging UV rays.
In addition to sunscreen, sun protection hats and sun protection clothing, it’s important to avoid the sun during peak hours. Between the hours of 10AM and 3PM, try to stay out of direct sunlight.
“My son and I went down to a place 3 miles into the canyon and started at 3PM, arriving back to the top at 6:30PM to avoid the heaviest sunlight — and to avoid a burn!” Dr. Joel Schlessinger said.
Dr. Joel Schlessinger recommends this extensive sun protection regimen to help save your skin from damage at high altitudes.
What outdoor activities do you partake in that require extra sun protection?
This weekend, Omaha was host to the annual Berkshire Hathaway meeting, where Warren Buffett, the third richest man in the world, and Charlie Munger, his VP, talked to the shareholders for over 6 hours, answering questions ranging from economic to societal to parental issues. As always, their wisdom far exceeded what would be seen at a typical shareholder meeting of any company.
Warren, just recently having been diagnosed with prostate cancer, spoke of his health on a few occasions, stating that he is ‘likelier to die at the hands of a jealous husband’ than from his prostate cancer. He intends to continue to work throughout his radiation therapy. Additionally, he stated that even if he does slow down a bit from it, that may keep him from making dumb decisions!
Much of the discussion concerned risk and how to mitigate it, how to react to it and how to avoid it. I think that was framed to some degree by his own health issues and the fact that when the change of the guard happens, it will set up one of those potentially risky and concerning situations as to what his successor will do. To me, it was somewhat reminiscent of Steve Jobs’ speech at Stanford, but presented during the 6 hour session in little vignettes. He has always done this, but this year, the emphasis on risk seemed obvious.
Charlie feels that the use of natural gas at low prices is stupid when it is going to be precious at some point and coal should be used first – Munger: “I think it is crazy to use up natural gas at these prices!” It is a very interesting concept as it speaks to the value of the asset being used versus the value it could be at some point in the future.
Gold as an investment: As always, they have a very dim view about gold. They spoke about the cost of an investment that won’t ever produce versus one that will have the chance of producing benefit, such as farmland, etc. On the cost of gold vs Berkshire-Hathaway stock, gold was $20 an ounce and Berkshire was $15 a share when they started and now gold is $1600 an ounce and Berkshire is $120,000 a share.
They feel the chief job of a CEO is to be the chief risk officer and determine whether the risk is worth it in allocation of capital and who to select as officers. Unfortunately, risk decisions are usually delegated to those who are least able to assess it with seasoned judgment. Instead of using intellectual maturity and the wisdom that comes from years of experience, it is farmed out to consultants or younger associates who talk in terms of gaussian curves or sigma values, but don’t understand the actual risks themselves.
On why insurance is needed: Because there is always some contract that will end up with poor performance, so that’s why everyone wants insurance.
The banking system in Europe is much more of a mess than the US because there isn’t an unifying system in place. While the EU is a start, it just hasn’t provided the unity of the US. Buffett repeated the quote from Henry Kissinger re the disunity of the EU: “Whom do I call if I want to speak to Europe?” This is the obvious advantage we have and will continue to have in the US over the EU.
The question of how to predict risk of a driver and whether devices that are placed in cars to monitor drivers are accurate predictors was answered by Warren with the quote that it is something they are looking into, but they still have faith in the questions they ask on each GEICO application. He said that it is pretty obvious that his risk from driving 3500 miles a year is less than that of a 16 year old boy trying to impress the girls.
They haven’t ever had much faith in business school education, but feel it is improving (“it started from a low base”). The silliest thing taught is investment according to Warren. Mathematically based investment going against revealed wisdom of elders is dangerous. The only two courses they think are effective are how to buy a business and how to value markets. Buffett: “When Ray Kroc bought McDonalds he didn’t think of the value of the options. He thought whether people would want to eat hamburgers. Business folks want to have an easy way to make a decisions,” but the schools aren’t teaching that.
On wind and solar power: Wind projects make sense with subsidies but not without them. It is good as a supplementary form of energy but can’t be the base. People don’t want to have their lights turn off if it isn’t windy.
On buying businesses to flip rather than to keep it: It is more fun to keep a business than to flip it, but that isn’t the model now.
Best book: Benjamin Graham’s Intelligent Investor, especially chapters 8 and 20.
Capital intensive businesses are still OK to invest in versus others with 20% growth because that type of growth is unsustainable. Don’t listen to the siren songs! Ebidta and other measures other than true earnings aren’t reliable (they want EBE – Earnings before Everything!).
Someone asked about how they decide on purchasing a declining business (such as the newspaper business they recently purchased, the Omaha World Herald, and Worldbook Encyclopedia). Charlie said it goes without saying that a declining business has less opportunity that a growing business and it is impossible to state why to purchase one. On the other hand, they spoke of several businesses that have no earnings now, but had huge earnings over time.
Question from a younger person: What is folly or unwise as an investment? Buffett said they haven’t ever bought a new issue because it can’t ever be as good given all the commissions/etc that have to be paid. “We try to avoid a big disaster. If there’s a large commission initially, then you won’t have an advantage.” Don’t think about industries where there are many competitors and you are not sure who the winner will be. Buffett said that there can even be problems when you have only ONE competitor, explaining that one of his first investments ever was in a gas station where there was another one across the street and because of this he had to go with the gas price that the other station had, limiting his profit margin for the entire life of the gas station.
He went on to comment about ‘barriers to entry’ for a given business. How can you build a new version of Coke? Virgin Cola was a mistake, although it still could have been good. Lipitor is now unprotected and that reduces the barrier to entry for other companies, but no one is going to build a new railroad as it is too much infrastructure and the cost of recreating it from scratch would be astronomical. This is when he commented that Amazon will be very tough competitor in times to come for any retailer out there as they have that infrastructure and are in most people’s lives already with generally very positive comments about their service.
On Apple and Google as investments: They wouldn’t buy either, but wouldn’t short them! They like investments where they have knowledge: “We have the reverse of an edge with technology.” With their recent purchase of significant shares in IBM, the chance of being way wrong is less than with these investments as they have a longer history with it and it is a solid investment.
The railroad industry is much more efficient than trucking – 100 times cheaper! That is why the BNSF investment is such a good investment and will always pay off and stay viable. They feel it would be very dumb for the country to discourage railroads from spending money to invest in infrastructure of the US essentially by regulating them severely.
Warren spoke about his personal office and what is on the wall. When he started out, he photocopied 6 events in history of stocks and put them on the wall (for a total of $6 expenditure). He discussed one of them, the Panic of 1901, which involved the railroads and control of the Northern Pacific by what has now become BNSF, which he owns. He also discussed a beer brewer, Samuel Bolton, who killed himself that day by jumping into a vat of his beer after losing heavily. His point is that we don’t want to jump into a vat of beer over something that may not be all that bad in the long run. (as evidenced by where we are now and the status of the railroads, etc).
They spoke about the two new hires, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler, and how they are compensated. They have a base of $1 million a year in salary. They are in charge of $2.75 Billion apiece now and as he said, they could be making more than that if they were to be in other businesses, but they had motivational benefits of autonomy, applause (from their company) and decent compensation. He feels that they will do well as they get compensated 10% of their increase over the S&P on a three year basis for their funds. They get their first 1/3rd of it on the first year, but if it doesn’t hold, then they don’t get the second and third parts. Additionally, they are tied to eachother by only getting 80% of theirs and 20% of the other person’s, so they share information and help eachother in order to get maximal benefits for both. This is a genius idea. He remarked that most Wall Street people would starve on this compensation, but they have done great.
There was a bit of discussion about growth per capita in the US and what it would look like over time. Their feeling was that 1% growth per capita is incredible and asking for 4% is too much and impossible. They discussed that annual income had gone from about $6,000 in 1930 to $48,000 now, which is absolutely amazing and can’t happen again, but if we go up 25% in 20 years, that would be great.
They feel super pacs are not good and even though they can get your point across, they tend to lead to plutocracies. It is their view that democracies may have a natural progression to plutocracies.
One person asked what they would do with $1 million dollars in order to get a return of investment of 50%. They said there is no easy answer, but it can be done. Then they talked about whether they would be in a good position with all they know to do it with that little an amount of money (it would be impossible with the huge amounts they have to work with now) and Charlie commented that Warren had to learn new things each decade to get better and retain his superiority. Warren commented that, “I don’t worry much about mistakes and think about it. I’ve learned more about basic investment policy and people over the years. That improves but not consciously. Learn from others as it is a much more pleasant way to learn (from their disasters).” Basic idea: Be a student of other people’s folly.
Asked about his investment in the electric car company, BYD, Charlie responded that it will be slow in the US, but maybe more so in China and with fleets of cars/trucks. They talked about the CEO of BYD, Wang Chuanfu who started this after being an orphan in a peasant community. It now has over 100 million feet of space and he has won the equivalent of the Chinese Nobel prize. Having said that, they don’t think that even by 2030 there will be many electric cars in the US. As with most newer forms of technology, they will need subsidies to survive, but at present the electric car is an amazing feat and drives great.
One question regarded mismanagement at Liberty Mutual (thank you Michael Lofgren for your edit) and the high compensation of the CEO despite this. Charlie said that this is crazy, but Boston has always had a strong history of egregious mismanagement and brought up the situation where Mayor Curley was elected mayor while serving a sentence in jail (one of many incarcerations for him).
Charlie feels that Paul Krugman is a genius about the economic realities. They both feel that “every president wants fiscal virtue, but just not quite yet,” just like St. Augustine ( “Give me chastity and continence, but not just now.” ).
It is their opinion that it is better to spend money now, but on good things like infrastructure (highways, airports, etc) that will help us in the long run. Charlie feels we need a Value Added Tax (VAT) in order to get our finances in order as it is better to take it initially and give back than to ask for it via a tax later.
This was a particularly good (and positive year) for the meeting, with both Warren and Charlie in good spirits and with good things to say about the opportunities for Berkshire in the future. Thanks for reading this and let me know if you have any other questions. | 2019-04-19T23:00:07Z | https://www.drjoelschlessinger.com/category/dr-joel-schlessinger/dr-joel-schlessinger-and-family/ |
This page provides information about when a child can be excluded and the obligations of the school to review an exclusion and the right to appeal an exclusion.
The rules governing exclusions from Schools, Academies and Pupil Referral Units in England are contained in the s52 of the Education Act 2002.
If your child has been excluded, please read the applicable government guidance.
Please note that this page is only applicable to those pupils who are attending school in England and applies to all children attending a school including those below or above compulsory school age, such as those attending maintained nursery classes or sixth forms.
Section 52(1) of the Education Act 2002 states that the head teacher of a maintained school may exclude a pupil from the school for a fixed period or permanently.
Some schools ask parents to take a pupil home or to keep the pupil at home without officially excluding. Parents may have the impression that the school is being compassionate by not adding an exclusion to the pupil's school record. However, this practice can result in pupils losing out on their education and parents losing their right to make representations in writing to the governors or in person at a meeting to consider the decision.
‘Informal' or ‘unofficial' exclusions, such as sending pupils home ‘to cool off', are unlawful, even if the parents have agreed to it. Any exclusion of a pupil, even for short periods of time, must be formally recorded and follow the correct procedure. Exclusion for an indefinite period of time is also unlawful.
The privacy notice for Services to Schools can be found on our GDPR page.
What are the different types of exclusion?
A fixed term exclusion is for a specific period of time. A pupil may be excluded for one or more fixed periods (up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year). In exceptional cases, usually where further evidence has come to light, a fixed period exclusion may be extended or converted to a permanent exclusion.
Pupils whose behaviour at lunchtime is disruptive may be excluded from the school premises for the duration of the lunchtime period. An exclusion that takes place over a lunchtime would be counted as half a school day.
A permanent exclusion involves the child being removed from the school roll. However, the head teacher must not remove a pupil's name from the school admissions register until the outcome of the Independent Review Panel (if this route is followed by parents).
In what circumstances can a child be excluded?
The behaviour of pupils outside of school can be considered as grounds for exclusion. The school's behaviour policy will set out when a pupil's behaviour outside of school premises may lead to disciplinary sanctions.
"in response to a serious breach, or persistent breaches, of the school's behaviour policy; and where allowing the pupil to remain in school would seriously harm the education or welfare of the pupil or others in the school".
When reaching the decision to exclude a child, the head teacher must apply the civil standard of proof, i.e. 'on the balance of probabilities' which means it is more likely than not that a fact is true.
because of a gender reassignment.
For disabled children, this includes a duty to make reasonable adjustments to policies and practices.
the failure of a pupil to meet specific conditions before they are reinstated such as attend a reintegration meeting.
Formally arranged part-time timetables may be necessary as a temporary measure in exceptional circumstances to meet a pupil's needs but must not be used as a disciplinary sanction and is not a long term solution.
What are the factors a head teacher should consider before deciding to exclude?
The decision on whether to exclude is for a head teacher to take. Pupils should, where possible, be given an opportunity to present their case before the decision to exclude. When considering whether to exclude, head teachers should take account of any contributing factors that are identified after an incident of poor behaviour has occurred. For example, where it comes to light that a pupil has suffered a bereavement, has mental health issues or has been subject to bullying.
the use of a multi-agency assessment for pupils who demonstrate persistent disruptive behaviour.
Where a pupil has received multiple exclusions or is approaching the legal limit of 45 school days of fixed period exclusion in an academic year, head teachers should consider whether exclusion is providing an effective sanction.
Have regard to guidance from the on the use of this power - new statutory guidance on this issue can be found at paragraph 41 of the Alternative Provision - Statutory guidance for local authorities - January 2013.
A pupil can also be transferred to another school as part of a 'managed move.' This is to allow the pupil to have a fresh start in a new school and is an alternative to an exclusion. Managed moves must only be arranged with the consent of the parties involved, including the parents. The threat of exclusion must never be used to influence parents to remove their child from the school. Managed moves are usually subject to a trial period in the new school. Pupils can be returned to the original school if the placement fails. For more information see our page on managed moves.
Can a child be informally excluded?
An informal exclusion involves a child being sent off the school premises, where this is not officially recorded as an exclusion (e.g. where a child is sent home for a 'cooling off' period). It is unlawful for a child to be informally excluded from school, even where the child's parent/s or carer/s agree to the exclusion. If a parent believes that there child has been unlawfully excluded they should as a first course of action pursue an internal complaint within the school.
What are the school's obligations when a child has Special Educational Needs (SEN) or is in local authority care (looked after)?
There are certain groups of pupils with additional needs who are particularly vulnerable to exclusion. This includes pupils with Statements of Special Educational Needs (SEN) or an Education Health Care Plan (EHCP) and looked after children.
Head teachers should, as far as possible, avoid excluding permanently any pupil with a statement of SEN or EHCP or a Looked After Child. Schools should engage proactively with parents in supporting the behaviour of pupils with additional needs. In relation to looked after children, schools should co-operate proactively with foster carers or children's home workers and the local authority that looks after the child. Where a school has concerns about the behaviour, or risk of exclusion, of a child with additional needs, a pupil with a statement of SEN, an EHCP or a looked after child it should, in partnership with others (including the local authority as necessary), consider what additional support or alternative placement may be required. This should involve assessing the suitability of support for a pupil's SEN. Where a pupil has a statement of SEN or EHCP, schools should consider requesting an early annual review or interim / emergency review.
What is the procedure for excluding a pupil?
The school days (or school day from) which the pupil will be provided with alternative suitable education.
What are the obligations of parents during a period of exclusion?
During the first five days of a period of exclusion (whether fixed-term or permanent), the parents of an excluded pupil, who is of compulsory school age, must make sure that he or she is not present in a public place during school hours, unless there is a reasonable justification. Failing to ensure this is an offence, and parents may be given a fixed fine of £60. If the school or local authority thinks that parents could better influence the behaviour of the pupil, a parenting contract may be offered. A parenting contract is an agreement between the school and parents that they will both support the child in improving their behaviour.
For a fixed period exclusion of more than five school days, the governing body (or local authority in relation to a pupil excluded from a pupil referral unit) must arrange suitable full-time education for any pupil of compulsory school age (for example; home tutoring, a pupil referral unit or online studies). This provision must begin no later than the sixth day of the exclusion.
For permanent exclusions, the local authority must arrange suitable full-time education for the pupil, again of compulsory school age, to begin no later than the sixth day of the exclusion.
In addition, where a pupil has a Statement of Special Educational Needs or Education Health Care Plan the local authority must ensure that an appropriate full-time placement is identified in consultation with the parents.
Does the school have to provide education during the first five school days of an exclusion?
It is important for schools to help minimise the disruption that exclusion can cause to an excluded pupil's education. Whilst the statutory duty on governing bodies or Local Authorities is to provide full-time education from the sixth day of an exclusion, there is an obvious benefit in starting this provision as soon as possible.
Where it is not possible, or appropriate, to arrange alternative provision during the first five school days of an exclusion, schools should take reasonable steps to set and mark work for pupils. Work that is provided should be accessible and achievable by pupils outside of school.
When will a Governing Body review an exclusion?
The governing body has a duty to consider parents' representations about an exclusion. The extent of this duty and how it is exercised depend on the length and nature of the exclusion.
It would result in a pupil missing a public examination or national curriculum test.
Where an exclusion would result in a pupil missing a public examination or national curriculum test there is a further requirement for a governing body to consider exclusion before the date of the examination or test. If this is not possible, the chair of governors may consider the exclusion independently and decide whether or not to reinstate the pupil. These are the only circumstances in which the chair can review an exclusion decision alone. In such cases parents still have the right to make representations to the governing body and must be made aware of this right.
If a child has been excluded for a period of more than five school days, but not more than 15, in a single term then the parents can request that the Governing Body consider the reinstatement of the child. In these circumstances the Governing Body must consider the reinstatement within 50 school days of receiving notice of the exclusion. This may not affect the actual exclusion as the child is likely to have completed their exclusion prior to the Governing Body considering reinstatement, but if the Governing Body did decide to overturn the exclusion and direct reinstatement a record to this effect would be added to the child's school records.
In the case of a fixed period exclusion which does not bring the pupil's total number of days of exclusion to more than five in a term, the Governing Body must consider any representations made by parents, but it cannot direct reinstatement and is not required to arrange a meeting with parents.
What will happen at a Governing Body meeting?
ask for any written evidence in advance of the meeting (including witness statements and other relevant information held by the school, such as those relating to a pupil's Special Educational Needs).
circulate any written evidence and information, including a list of those who will be present, to all parties at least five school days in advance of the meeting.
allow parents and pupils to be accompanied by a friend or representative.
identify the steps they will take to enable and encourage the excluded pupil to attend the meeting and speak on his / her own behalf, taking into account the pupil's age and understanding; or by other means if attending the exclusion meeting is not possible.
have regard to the interests of other pupils and people working at the school.
When establishing the facts in relation to an exclusion decision the Governing Body must apply the civil standard of proof; i.e. 'on the balance of probabilities' it is more likely than not that a fact is true.
In reaching a decision on whether or not to reinstate a pupil, the Governing Body should consider whether the decision to exclude the pupil was lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair, taking account of the head teacher's legal duties.
direct reinstatement of the pupil immediately or on a particular date.
Where reinstatement is not practical because for example, the pupil has already returned to school following the expiry of a fixed period exclusion or the parents make clear they do not want their child reinstated, the Governing Body must, in any event, consider whether the head teacher's decision to exclude the child was justified based on the evidence.
The Governing Body must notify parents, the head teacher and the local authority of their decision, and the reasons for their decision, in writing and without delay. The Governing Body should set out the reasons for their decision in sufficient detail to enable all parties to understand why the decision was made.
Is there an appeal process following the Governing Body’s decision?
that parents may, at their own expense, appoint someone to make written and/or oral representations to the panel and that parents may also bring a friend to the review.
that, in addition to the right to apply for an Independent Review Panel, if parents believe that the exclusion has occurred as a result of discrimination then they may make a claim under the Equality Act 2010 to the First-Tier Tribunal (Special Educational Needs and Disability) in the case of disability discrimination, or the County Court, in the case of other forms of discrimination.
that a claim of discrimination made under these routes should be lodged within six months of the date on which the discrimination is alleged to have taken place, eg the day on which the pupil was excluded.
What will happen at an Independent Review Panel?
If the Governing Body uphold a permanent exclusion, parents have the right to request that their decision is reviewed by an Independent Review Panel (IRP).
where an application has not been made within this time frame, within 15 school days of the final determination of a claim of discrimination under the Equality Act 2010 in relation to the exclusion.
These are strict deadlines and any application made outside of the legal time frame must be rejected by the local authority/Academy Trust.
Parents may request an Independent Review Panel even if they did not make a case to, or attend, the meeting at which the Governing Body considered the exclusion.
Parents must submit written representations and, if applicable, supporting evidence, when lodging their application.
one (or two for a five member panel) head teachers or individual who has been a head teacher within the last five years.
A clerk will also be present to provide advice to the panel and parties to the review on procedure, legislation and statutory guidance on exclusions. The clerk does not take part in the decision making process.
The role of the panel is to review the Governing Body's decision not to reinstate a permanently excluded pupil. In reviewing the decision the panel must consider the interests and circumstances of the excluded pupil, including the circumstances in which the pupil was excluded, and have regard to the interests of other pupils and people working at the school.
quash the decision and direct that the governing body considers the exclusion again.
Illegality - did the head teacher and / or governing body act outside the scope of their legal powers in taking the decision to exclude?
Irrationality - was the decision of the governing body not to reinstate the pupil so unreasonable that it was not one a sensible person could have made?
Procedural impropriety - was the process of exclusion and the governing body's consideration so unfair or flawed that justice was clearly not done?
If any of these criteria are met then the panel can quash the decision of the governing body and direct that they consider the exclusion again.
Where the criteria for quashing a decision have not been met the panel should consider whether it would be appropriate to recommend that a governing body reconsiders their decision not to reinstate the pupil. This should be used where evidence or procedural flaws have been identified that do not meet the criteria for quashing the decision but which the panel believe justify a reconsideration of the governing body's decision.
In all other cases the panel should uphold the exclusion.
Can I request a Special Educational Needs expert attend the Independent Review panel?
Parents have a right to request the attendance of a SEN expert at the review panel, regardless of whether or not the school recognises that their child has SEN.
The SEN expert should be a professional with first-hand experience of the assessment and support of SEN, as well as an understanding of the legal requirements on schools in relation to SEN and disability.
SEN experts must be impartial. The SEN expert can be employed by another local authority or Academy Trust but they should not have had any previous involvement in the assessment or support of SEN for the excluded pupil, or siblings of the excluded pupil. The purpose of this is to avoid a conflict of interest.
The appointment of an SEN expert is for the local authority / Academy Trust to make but it should take reasonable steps to ensure that parents have confidence in the impartiality and capability of the SEN expert. Where possible, this may include offering parents a choice of SEN expert.
The Special Educational Needs (SEN) expert's role is similar to an expert witness. They should provide impartial advice to the panel on how special educational needs might be relevant to the exclusion. The SEN expert should base their advice on the evidence provided to the panel. The SEN expert's role does not include making an assessment of the pupil's special educational needs.
The focus of the SEN expert's advice should be on whether the school's policies which relate to SEN, or the application of these policies in relation to the excluded pupil, were legal, reasonable and procedurally fair. If the SEN expert believes that this was not the case he / she should advise the panel on the possible contribution that this could have made to the circumstances of the pupil's exclusion.
Where the school does not recognise that a pupil has SEN, the SEN expert should advise the panel on whether he / she believes the school acted in a legal, reasonable and procedurally fair way with respect to the identification of any special educational needs that the pupil may potentially have, and any contribution that this could have made to the circumstances of the pupil's exclusion.
What happens when the Independent Review Panel recommends the Governing Body reconsiders the exclusion?
Where the Independent Review Panel directs or recommends that the Governing Body reconsiders their decision, the Governing Body must reconvene within ten school days of being given notice of the IRP's decision.
If, following a direction to reconsider, the Governing Body does not offer to reinstate the pupil within ten school days of being notified of the panel's decision, an adjustment may be made to the schools budget in the sum of £4,000.
In the case of an Academy, the school would be required to make an equivalent payment directly to the local authority in which the school is located. This payment will be in addition to any funding that would normally follow an excluded pupil.
the local authority and, where relevant, the 'home authority'.
If the Governing Body upholds the exclusion again, there is no further right to refer the matter to the IRP. However the decision may be challenged by an application for Judicial Review. In order to bring an action for judicial review, this would have required the governing body to have made an error in law/ acted unreasonably/ in breach of natural justice. The application for judicial review should be made promptly but at least within three months of the date of the decision. You would need legal representation should you decide to pursue this course of action.
Is there a further right to appeal?
A complaint should be made to the Local Government Ombudsman (LGO). The LGO have an advice line number which you can call for further advice: 0300 061 0614.
A complaint should be made to the Secretary of State who will pass the complaint to the Education Funding Agency (EFA). They can be contacted on 0370 000 2288.
When can I bring a judicial review claim against the decision of the Independent Review Panel?
As noted above, there is no appeal from the decision of an appeal panel. However, the decision may be subject to judicial review, and the judge could quash the original decision and order that a fresh hearing is arranged. In order to bring an action for judicial review, this would have required the IRP to have made an error in law/ acted unreasonably/ in breach of natural justice. The application for judicial review should be made promptly but at least within three months of the date of the decision. You would need legal representation should you decide to pursue this course of action.
A parent did not receive proper notice of the panel hearing.
What can I do if the exclusion involved disability discrimination?
If parents believe that the exclusion has occurred as a result of discrimination then they may make a claim under the Equality Act 2010 to the First-tier Tribunal (Special Educational Needs and Disability) in the case of disability discrimination.
In order to fall under the protection of the Equality Act 2010, a pupil needs to be classed a 'disabled' for the purposes of the Act. A person is disabled if they have a physical/mental impairment which is long term (has lasted or will last for more than 12 months) and has a substantial effect on their ability to carry out normal day to day activities. The school is under a duty not to discriminate against a person who is classed as disabled for the purposes of the act.
The Equality Act 2010 requires that educational establishments must take reasonable steps to ensure that disabled pupils are not substantially disadvantaged compared with pupils who are not disabled. Educational establishments have a duty to avoid the substantial disadvantage caused by a provision criterion or practice. The duty applies to the provision of education and access to any benefit, service or facility. When the duty arises, the issue to be considered is whether the adjustment is reasonable. When deciding whether the adjustment is reasonable a number of factors will be taken into account including the financial resources available, the cost of taking a particular step and the extent to which it is practicable to take a particular step. Discrimination will only occur if the failure to make reasonable adjustments has put the pupil at a substantial disadvantage compared to their non-disabled peers.
In addition, schools have a duty to ensure that a disabled pupil is not treated unfavourably because of something connected with his/her disability. This is called discrimination arising from disability. This will occur when the school treats a disabled pupil unfavourably, this treatment is because of something connected with the disabled pupil's disability and the school cannot justify the treatment by showing that it is a proportionate means of meeting a legitimate aim.
Claims for Disability Discrimination would be lodged with the First-Tier Tribunal. There is strict time limit of six months from the date of the alleged discrimination for lodging a claim. A successful claim may result in a declaration that the school has discriminated against the pupil, an apology for this discrimination and a change in school policy.
Parents can make a claim to the Tribunal for any type of exclusion, fixed term or permanent. For permanent exclusions, this right is in addition to the right to request a review by an Independent Review Panel. | 2019-04-22T12:45:11Z | https://www.salford.gov.uk/schools-and-learning/info-for-parents-students-and-teachers/school-attendance-behaviour-and-welfare/exclusion-from-school/ |
We take a lot of pride in eating well here. If you have ever visited our cafeteria, aka “The Lone Tree Cafe,” you know exactly what that means.
Good food is an important part of our health, and we know that this time of year it can be especially challenging to eat right. That’s why we are once again offering our Happy, Healthy Holiday eCookbook for free download. You can also find it on our Nutrition Services page, and under Fitness & Wellness.
These recipes have been reviewed by our Registered Dietitian, Lisa Berns, and include easy to read ingredient lists, directions, and nutritional content. There has never been an easier way to get clinically approved holiday fare ready for you and your loved ones.
Download your free copy today, and if you enjoy the recipes let us know! We’d love to see pictures of your healthy holiday fare on Facebook and Twitter.
so we can find your culinary creations!
Nurses at Greene County General Hospital are being honored with The DAISY Award for Extraordinary Nurses. The award is part of the DAISY Foundation’s program to recognize the super-human efforts nurses perform every day.
Kensey Goad, RN, who works in the hospital’s Intensive Care Unit was the DAISY Award Winner. Kensey was nominated by a patient who deeply appreciated her compassion and excellent care.
Two nurses were recognized as DAISY Runners-Up: Susan O’Neall and Brooke Driscol; and nurses recognized as DAISY nominees included Jackie Goodwin, June Herndon, Sarah Hodson, Brandee McKee, Chris Moore, Adam Morrill, and Patrick Sparks.
The not-for-profit DAISY Foundation is based in Glen Ellen, CA, and was established by family members in memory of J. Patrick Barnes. Patrick died at the age of 33 in late 1999 from complications of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP), a little known but not uncommon auto-immune disease. The care Patrick and his family received from nurses while he was ill inspired this unique means of thanking nurses for making a profound difference in the lives of their patients and patient families.
Three times each year, a nurse is selected by Greene County General Hospital’s nursing administration to receive The DAISY Award. At a presentation given in front of the nurse’s colleagues, physicians, patients, and visitors, the honoree will receive a certificate commending her or him for being an “Extraordinary Nurse.” The certificate reads: “In deep appreciation of all you do, who you are, and the incredibly meaningful difference you make in the lives of so many people.” The honoree will also be given a beautiful and meaningful sculpture called A Healer’s Touch, hand-carved by artists of the Shona Tribe in Africa.
May 9, 2017 – Linton, IN – Greene County General Hospital welcomed Bonnie and Mark Barnes, Co-Founders of the DAISY Foundation for a unique award presentation today. The DAISY Foundation is a national award program that recognizes nurses for outstanding patient care. The Barnes started the Foundation when their son, Patrick, passed away after weeks in a hospital in the early 1990’s.
“The only positive thing that came of Patrick’s ordeal was his nurses,” said Bonnie Barnes, who went on to say that they chose to focus on the wonderful care and compassion they experienced. Their desire to honor the nurses who cared for Patrick and the entire nursing community became the DAISY Award for Extraordinary Nurses.
Greene County General Hospital has been a participating member of the DAISY Award since 2015, and presented its fourth award during the Barnes’ visit to ICU Nurse, Susan O’Neall. Flanked by previous honorees, Eric Corbin (ER) and Brooke Driscoll (OB), O’Neall received her award in a room filled with colleagues and family while the Barnes family told their story and thanked her for her service.
DAISY Award coordinator and Quality Assurance Director Jill Raines read O’Neall’s nomination to the group, an emotional story about a mother and her son. The patient had been hospitalized on her son’s wedding day and would miss the ceremony due to a serious illness that would take her life the very next day. O’Neall served as her nurse in the Intensive Care Unit, and knew how important it was to her patient to see the ceremony. O’Neall quickly secured a tablet for her patient and was able to connect her to the ceremony via Skype. They watched the entire ceremony, even the kiss, from the patient’s hospital bed.
The Barnes family was deeply touched by this story of compassion and excellence in nursing, remarking that the story was a perfect example of the kind of care they experienced first-hand and know to be common among nurses who rarely see their service as extraordinary.
The celebration included special refreshments unique to the DAISY Award. The hospital’s cafeteria provided homemade cinnamon rolls, the only food Patrick Barnes was able to eat during his hospitalization. A connoisseur of the treats, Mark Barnes remarked that they were the best he had ever had.
Greene County General Hospital accepts nominations for the DAISY Award year round. Forms are available on the website at GreeneCountyHospital.com, or at the DAISY Award stations placed throughout the hospital.
Dr. Fred Ridge Joins Greene County Health, Inc.
Dr. Fred Ridge has announced the merging of his practice with Greene County Health, Inc. Ridge has long been affiliated with Premier Healthcare, a Bloomington-based physician group that has recently joined IU Health, Southern Indiana Physicians, Bloomington. Dr. Ridge and his team will continue seeing patients in his current office.
Dr. Fred Ridge is board certified in Family Medicine. Board Certified Family Physicians are medical specialists who provide continuing and comprehensive medical care, health maintenance, and preventive services to patients of all ages and conditions.
Greene County General Hospital and Greene County Health, Inc. are separately operated, but work together closely to provide optimal patient care to Greene County residents and the surrounding area.
Greene County Health, Inc. is a family practice physician group offering same day appointments and weekend hours at six locations throughout Greene County. They offer full spectrum family medicine, including OB-GYN, pediatrics, minor surgery, and much more, at their locations in Bloomfield, Jasonville, Linton (2), WestGate, and Worthington. Greene County Health, Inc. is currently pursuing Federally Qualified Health Center Lookalike status.
Greene County General Hospital CEO, Brenda Reetz, had an opportunity to sit down with Rural Business HQ, an online magazine and podcast, to talk about the challenges in modern health care.
Keeping the local hospital strong is a must for building a rural economy.
Those receiving services at Greene County General Hospital will soon have a new way to access clinical summary information via a newly launched Patient Portal.
In compliance with the federal government’s Meaningful Use Initiative, all hospitals will soon be required to provide patients (and/or a patient-authorized user) access to their patient record electronically.
Patients – inpatient and outpatient – are now asked to provide the Registration Department with a secure email address. Chief Nursing Officer Lea Ann Camp said patients need to be confident in the security of the email address they provide. Work email addresses, Camp said, will not be accepted.
Having this electronic access through your personal, secured email will allow you as the patient the ability to review your medical history during your stay here at our facility.
This access provides you with information, including but not limited to, procedures completed, medical history, medications taken, allergies, existing or developing medical conditions, etc. You can also virtually download your confidential medical record to your own private computer for your records.
Upon discharge from our facility, patients will receive an auto-generated email to the email account collected during registration inviting them to create a user account at www.mymedicalencounters.com.
The email will be generated from [email protected] with the subject of “GREENE COUNTY HOSPITAL – Patient Portal New User”.
The email will direct patients to step-by-step instructions on how to access their personal medical record. Instructions and more information can be found on the hospital’s website, www.greenecountyhospital.com. For assistance, please contact the registration or medical records departments at 812-847-2281.
Once your account has been activated, you can view it at any time by visiting www.greenecountyhospital.com or www.mymedicalencounters.com.
Lyons – Just after 6:00 o’clock this morning, a crash occurred on State Road 67 near County Road 700 West. A 2005 Dodge van, was travelling southwest on State Road 67 approaching a 2001 Freightliner tractor trailer combination loaded with coal, travelling northeast.
For reasons unknown, the Dodge van traveled left of center and sideswiped the semi tractor. After initial contact was made, the van continued striking the left tandem axles of the trailer. After the collision, the van spun partially off the highway before coming to final rest. The semi came to a stop with the trailer partially blocking the southbound lane of State Road 67.
The Dodge van was driven by Dakota L. Burnette, 26, of Oolitic, who was pronounced dead at the scene. Burnette’s family has been notified. A passenger in his vehicle was taken via Greene County Ambulance to Greene County General Hospital to be treated for his injuries.
The driver of the semi, Timothy D. Stines, 44 of Bedford was uninjured.
Agencies assisting at the scene were the Greene County Sheriff’s Department, Lyons Town Marshal, Greene County Ambulance Service, Switz City Fire Territory, Lyons Fire Department and the Linton Fire Department.
Local leaders and residents turned out to discuss the pros and cons of Greene County during a Community Health Needs Assessment meeting, which was held at the Greene County General Hospital on Tuesday.
The purpose of the meeting was to gather information such as strengths and weaknesses of the county in order to create a survey that will be made available to the public at a later date, explained Ally Orwig, a representative of the Indiana Rural Health Association.
“We invited leaders in the community, such as clergy, education leaders, and others. The point is to [pinpoint] matters that need addressed in the community,” she added.
A report highlighting the outcome of the survey will then be created, and the Greene County General Hospital will have three years to work on any issues, Orwig said.
“The whole process will then be started over every three years,” she added.
Some of the pros of Greene County that were brought to the forefront included the following: Good people, rural environment, individualism, small population, small schools, outdoor recreation opportunities, NSWC Crane, WestGate, Goose Pond Fish and Wildlife Area, Greene County General Hospital, agriculture, and coal, among others.
On the other hand, some of the cons that were highlighted included the following: Poverty, lack of public transportation, obesity, lack of post-secondary jobs, drug addiction, drop in school funding, drop in school enrollment numbers, lack of fitness facilities, and others.
The Greene County General Hospital is the largest employer in the county with an annual payroll that exceeds $15 million.
Greene County General Hospital is pleased to announce that outpatient speech therapy services are now being offered.
Kristen Witt, a 2003 graduate of Linton-Stockton High School, recently joined the hospital’s staff and began offering a variety of speech therapy services to all ages ranging from pediatrics to geriatrics.
Witt holds a bachelor’s degree in Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences from Purdue University and a master’s degree in Communication Disorders from Western Kentucky University.
Articulation disorders: Problems making/saying sounds correctly. Sounds can be substituted, left off, added or changed. These errors may make it hard for people to understand you.
Phonological Disorders: Involves patterns of sound errors. For example, substituting all sounds made in the back of the mouth like “k” and “g” for those in the front of the mouth like “t” and “d” (e.g., saying “tup” for “cup” or “das” for “gas”).
Language Disorders: A problem with understanding and/or using spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems (e.g., gestures, sign language). The disorder may involve the form of language (phonology, morphology, syntax), the content of the language (semantics), and/or the function of language in communication (pragmatics) in any combination.
Fluency Disorders (stuttering) is an interruption in the flow or rhythm of speech and is characterized by hesitations, repetitions, or prolongations of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases.
Motor Speech Disorders, which are impairments of speech arising from damage to the central or peripheral nervous system, such as Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Dysarthria.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), which includes all forms of communication (except oral speech) that are used to express thoughts, needs, wants and ideas. AAC is used when making facial expressions or gestures, using symbols or pictures, and writing. People with severe speech or language problems rely on AAC to supplement existing speech or replace speech that is not functional.
Voice Disorders, which are characterized by inappropriate pitch (too high, too low, never changing, or interrupted by breaks); quality (harsh, hoarse, breathy, or nasal); loudness; resonance and duration.
Cognitive-Communication Disorders, which are the impairment of cognitive processes including attention, memory, abstract reasoning, awareness and executive functions such as self-monitoring, planning and problem solving).
Aphasia therapy: A disorder that results from damage to the parts of the brain that contain language. Aphasia causes problems with any or all of the following: speaking, listening, reading, and writing.
While treating a patient who has been diagnosed with Aphasia (following a stroke), Witt works on drills and exercises to improve specific language skills affected by damage to the brain. For example, the patient may practice naming objects, following directions, or answering questions about stories. These exercises vary depending on individual needs and become more complex and challenging as skills improve.
She also teaches patients ways to make use of stronger language skills. For example, some patients may find it easier to express their ideas through gestures and writing than with speaking. Witt can teach patients to use both writing and gestures to help remember words for conversation.
In addition, she treats swallowing disorders in pediatrics to geriatrics.
Speech therapy services must be referred by a physician.
Witt said she’s always been interested in working for a hospital.
Currently, Witt is available to see patients three days a week – Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday. As the patient load increases, Witt’s schedule will expand.
To schedule an appointment with Witt, please call 847-5209.
Terre Haute resident Jason P. Ralstin was taken to Greene County General Hospital to be treated for minor lacerations to his arm and face after a vehicle accident that occurred around 8:30 a.m. on Thursday.
Ralstin, 31, told Greene County Sheriff’s Department Deputy James Carpenter that he was driving south on County Road 1000 W. when a vehicle in the opposite lane crossed into his. He said he drove his 2010 Lincoln AKT SUV off the road while trying to avoid an accident.
Carpenter reported that Ralstin’s vehicle drove down a ditch and stopped on top of a frozen creek.
Ralstin then exited his vehicle and waited for medical personnel to arrive.
Greene County General Hospital and the Indiana Rural Health Association invite the public to a community health needs assessment meeting from 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. on Feb. 25 at the hospital cafeteria.
GCGH Director of Marketing and Physician Recruiting Corey Sparks explained that the meeting will be an opportunity to talk to members of the community and find out what the health needs of the area are, so that the hospital can work to address those needs.
“We’ll be working with the Indiana Rural Health Association and they will have some of their employees here and the group will be broken down into smaller groups and then they’ll have questions for the participants,” he explained, noting that they hope plenty of people attend the meeting to give them a good sample of the general population.
Information from the meeting will be used to plan health care and future public health programs.
Light refreshments will be available during the meeting.
Greene County General Hospital’s Friends Friday program recently benefited Pregnancy Choices.During the month of January, departments battled one another in a penny war. The contest raised more than $1,000 for Pregnancy Choices.
Pediatrician Chris Holmes, MD and Physician Assistant Corianne Vanderkolk presented the collection to Pregnancy Choices Director Michelle Brown.
Dr. Holmes and Vanderkolk represented Greene County Health, the hospital’s family practice physician group, as the contest’s winning department. Greene County Health offers full spectrum family medicine at five locations throughout Greene County. Locations include: Bloomfield, Linton, Lone Tree, WestGate, and Worthington.
Multiple homes in the Linton area were without electricity when a vehicle accident by the former Jack Wheeler Ford building resulted in a downed power line Friday night.
Deputy Bobby Pierce, of the Greene County Sheriff’s Department, stated in a news release that 26-year-old Matthew A. Johnson reported losing control of his 98 Oldsmobile Bravada at the intersection of State Road 54 and State Road 59.
Johnson allegedly told Pierce that he may have been traveling too fast and believed he struck ice when his vehicle crossed the center line on State Road 54 and traveled about 400 feet off the roadway and across other traffic lanes. According to Pierce, the Dugger resident’s vehicle struck a utility pole and then a ditch, rolled over, and came to rest upside down.
Greene County Ambulance Service took Johnson to Greene County General Hospital to be treated for lacerations to his side and leg, as well as neck pain.
The intersection was shut down for several hours so that REMC could repair the utility pole and restore electricity. The investigation into the accident is pending.
The Linton Police Department, the Linton Fire Department, and INDOT all assisted at the scene.
Bloomfield Chamber of Commerce members were updated on several items of interest during the organization’s monthly meeting on Thursday.
Chamber President Joshua Riggins noted numerous upcoming chamber events.
“We have several activities and events that we are meeting and planning for,” Riggins said, noting the Farmers Market, Town-Wide yard Sales, and a circus, among others.
The town’s new logo will also be presented at the Bloomfield Art Festival, which is slated for later this year.
In other business, Chamber Member Ed Cullison shared information about the Farmers and Mechanics Federal Team Relay for Life Fundraiser, which is slated for May 1 from 1 to 4 p.m. at 225 E. Main St. in Bloomfield.
The event will allow people to dispose of old documents as well as obsolete electronics, computers, small appliances, and scrap metal. Documents will be properly disposed of by Shredding and Storage Unlimited. Green Geek Recycling will accept obsolete electronics and A&E Salvage and Recycling will accept any scrap metal such as pet food and soup cans, car batteries, and aluminum items such as pop cans.
Television sets may also be disposed of for a minimum donation.
Monetary donations will be accepted with all proceeds going to Relay for Life.
Chamber Member Joe Boone also shared information about an advanced manufacturing certified production technician program, which offers an eight-week course that requires 20 weeks of classroom study. Classes begin March 3.
For more information on the program, contact WorkOne in Linton at (812) 847-4479.
Chamber Treasurer Corey Sparks also invited members to the upcoming Greene County General Hospital Commission meeting, which is slated for 6:30 p.m. Feb. 25 at the hospital.
In other business, Chamber Vice President Randall Brown served as the guest speaker and provided information on small business retirement plans as well as other financial tips.
Brown is a Financial Advisor at Edward Jones in Bloomfield.
Greene County General Hospital is pleased to announce that Gastroenterology services are now available in its Outpatient Specialty Clinic.
Board certified gastroenterologists Jitender Bhandari, MD; Prody Ghosh, MD; Amar Pinto, MD; Daniel Selo, MD; and Bret Spier, MD will provide a variety of services locally.
The group began seeing patients in Greene County General Hospital’s Outpatient Specialty Clinic, which is located on the hospital’s second floor, at the beginning of February.
Their specialties encompass diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the esophagus, stomach, colon, gallbladder, liver and pancreas. In addition to general consultation in gastroenterology, they also provide expertise in: colorectal cancer screening and prevention; evaluation and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) and heartburn, peptic ulcer disease; management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease; assessment of diarrhea and constipation; evaluation of Hepatitis C and other forms of liver, gallbladder and pancreatic diseases. They will be providing diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy and colonoscopy.
The doctors are seeing patients one half day every other week; however, frequency could increase with patient volume.
“We expect to do outpatient and inpatient consulting and also diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic services locally at Greene County General Hospital. The goal is to see patients locally and take care of them locally as much as possible,” Dr. Ghosh said.
Referrals and scheduling can be handled by calling 812-355-6956.
The Greene County Commissioners met Tuesday morning.
Auditor Matthew Baker noted that the county has had six or seven Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) cases in as many months. The FMLA entitles eligible employees to take unpaid leave for certain family and medical reasons while retaining their group health insurance as if they had not taken leave.
He said his office needs to be kept up-to-date on these cases and requested that the commissioners allow Waggoner, Irwin, Scheele and Associates, a professional management consulting firm, to help them.
The board voted to enter into an agreement with Waggoner, Irwin, and Scheele. The firm will handle FMLA paperwork and advise on the cases for a $450 a month retainer that will cover up to one FMLA case per month.
A decision on installing EasyWater no salt water conditioning systems in the courthouse and county jail was tabled until the next commissioners meeting. This system promises to remove existing scaling from equipment and also prevent future scale from forming. The company surveyed the courthouse and jail in December.
If the county chooses to install the water conditioners in both locations, EasyWater will waive the $850 jail installation fee.
Two annual uniform conflict of interest disclosure statements were acknowledged– one from Attorney John Rowe, who is a board member of the Greene County General Hospital, and the other from County Council Member Ed Cullison, who is a Farmers and Mechanics Federal Savings and Loan Association employee.
County Attorney Marilyn Hartman has prepared the final draft of a commercial lease for the former Russ Tire Center Property on the east side of Bloomfield, and the commissioners are ready to move forward with leasing the property.
The state and the Indiana Rail Road Company would like to put guardrails up along County Road 350 North in the Redbird area. Commissioner President Rick Graves suggested that Hartman write a contract to allow it, as long as the county does not have to pay or accept any liability for the installation.
The next regular public meeting of the Greene County Commissioners will be held at 9:30 a.m. on February 4, in the Commissioners’ Room on the third floor of the courthouse.
Thursday night, at the Linton-Stockton Chamber of Commerce’s Annual Dinner and Awards Banquet, both Mayor John Wilkes and 2014 Chamber of Commerce President Dale Knotts spoke about looking forward to taking Linton into a new year and beyond.
Knotts noted that it is a good time to look back into our personal lives and ask ourselves if we’re really where we want to be, what we did well last year, and what areas we can improve in this year. He said the task of the chamber is no different.
“Maybe we get in a rut, maybe we continue to do the same things and once in awhile we need to shake things up and see if we can do them a little bit better,” Knotts explained, adding that it is the job of the incoming president to look forward, not just to the next year but to the years to come.
“As we read and listen to the news, I think we’ve all probably come to the conclusion that money in the state of Indiana and money in Washington, D.C. is probably going to be a little bit harder to come by next year and perhaps the year after,” he continued.
Knotts noted that the state legislature is considering reducing the business tax on equipment.
“If that happens– and I’m not preaching politics, but the reality is that money was used for schools, hospitals, and cities. If that goes away, we’re going to have to look for a different source of funding. Mayor Wilkes and I talk often, and he made a comment awhile back that I thought was very appropriate. John said, looking at the economic situation, we’re just simply going to have to find a way to take care of ourselves. I don’t think we can depend on other folks to take care of us completely,” he stated.
Knotts said he’s an optimist by nature but realistic enough to know the chamber and the city need to think about how they’ll get through the year. He remarked that Goose Pond– love it or hate it– is important to our community, and quoted a recent article estimating that 85 million Americans watch, feed, or photograph birds, and an estimated 18 million Americans are serious birders. He also mentioned that birding ranks 15th among popular outdoor activities– just below bicycling.
“I don’t know that we have a good way to count all the folks who come into Greene County every year to drive down to the Goose Pond, but that’s one area that I think we can probably focus on and do a little bit better job of promoting. It’s down there for all the world to see,” he added.
Knotts noted that in order to support Linton, the chamber, and Greene County, residents need to rethink their purchasing habits and refocus on where they do their shopping.
Knotts said locals also need to encourage their families and their friends to come to Greene County.
“I’ve always thought the Fourth of July Parade was as good as it gets for showcasing Linton, Indiana for one day of the year. How else, or how better, can you put your best foot forward to 20,000 or 30,000 people in one day? That’s the kind of focus we need. We need to impress folks who come that day [so they’ll want] to come back and visit us again,” he urged, noting that he believes 2014 will be the 109th Freedom Festival Parade.
Wilkes explained that there are many projects moving forward in Linton, including the Cine Project, which he said will be great for the downtown area, and a multi-million dollar remodeling of the school. He also mentioned improvements to the Greene County General Hospital, totaling around $8 million, and the $4 million wastewater plant, which should be completed within the next two to three months.
Wilkes said Linton’s greatest asset is its people, and that he once read that geese flying in formation are 71 percent more effective than a bird flying alone.
Wilkes urged anyone interested in helping out with any of the projects the city is involved in to contact him or Dale Knotts.
“We’ll be more than glad to put you to work because we need all the help we can get. We are going to work, and we are going to go forward,” the mayor promised.
Ronald E. Fox II, 48, was arrested Wednesday on a warrant for a charge of battery committed by means of a deadly weapon or resulting in serious bodily injury, a class C felony, after allegedly fracturing another man’s skull in November of last year.
Early on the morning of November 29, the Jasonville Police Department received a report of a fight involving multiple people. Linton Police Department Officer Paul Clark responded to the residence on South Lawton Street first and spoke with Fox, who told him that everyone was okay and, according to a probable cause affidavit, seemed dismissive of the situation. Clark stated that Fox said he was looking for his keys, and that when he was asked where the other individuals involved were located he said that one man was inside the residence.
Clark contacted medical personnel to examine the second man, who complained of blurred vision to his left eye and stated that he could not hear from his left ear.
Officer Ryan Van Horn, of the Jasonville Police Department, arrived and noted that Fox had blood and cuts on both hands. The second man told Van Horn that he had been at a bar with Fox when they met two other men. He said one of the other men flirted with some girls, which upset Fox.
The man said he and Fox left the bar and went to his house but that later, when Fox was very upset and angry, the man who had upset him tried to apologize and when Fox became agitated and started towards that man he stepped between them to prevent a fight. He told Van Horn that Fox began yelling at him and then attacked him, slamming him to the ground. He added that he could not remember anything after that point, and a family member took him to Greene County General Hospital.
Van Horn stated in the court document that both of the men who witnessed the situation gave a similar account of it, and said they were concerned for the man because he was not acting right after he hit his head being slammed to the ground by Fox.
Fox was taken into custody and interviewed at the Greene County Jail.
He told Van Horn there was an issue at the bar when another man flirted with married girls and that he thought it was tacky. He stated that when everyone was at the residence the injured man went after him and took him to the ground. He said he never slammed that man to the ground and that there was never a fight.
Van Horn noted that Fox continually stated that he was the guy on the bottom trying to get on top.
Officer Andrew Duguay interviewed the two other men who were present at the bar and at the residence, as well as a neighbor who said she got a call from Fox telling her to go the residence. She told Duguay that Fox and the man who was injured started fighting and that the other two men tried to pull them apart. She said they got them apart but a short time later they started fighting again.
The woman advised that during the second fight the injured man was on the bottom, Fox was in the middle, and one of the other men was hitting Fox. She said she did not recall seeing Fox throw the man but that when Fox is drunk he is mean, and added that after the fight Fox went toward the house, punched a window out, and hit his head off the wall.
One of the men told Duguay that the fight started when the injured man tried to calm Fox down. He said that when Fox slammed the other man on the ground he could hear his head hit, and that he then became involved in order to get Fox off the other man. He added that a neighbor broke the incident up a short time later.
The last man said that the injured man was trying to keep things calm when Fox started making comments to antagonize him, and that it became a pushing match that led to Fox trying to punch the other two men. He said the neighbor arrived and tried to break the fight up and that Fox then caused the man to hit his head on the ground.
He told Duguay that after they got the injured man away the other man fought with Fox to keep him down. He added that a short time later the incident was broken up by a neighbor.
Van Horn noted that medical records from Greene County General Hospital showed that the man who hit his head had a skull fracture in the left occipital region.
Greene County residents looking to get out of town might want to consider scheduling a good deed into their plans for Friday or Saturday.
The Indiana Blood Center is currently working to restore the state’s blood supply after days of minimal collections due to the winter weather. On Monday, all eight donor centers were closed and mobile blood drives were cancelled. Tuesday, Metro-Indianapolis centers were open from noon until 7 p.m., but the Terre Haute center did not reopen until Thursday.
The Indiana Blood Center supplies 60 hospitals across the state, including Greene County General Hospital, and Corporate Communications Specialist Lucy Wehking encouraged eligible donors to visit a donor center and help out.
Donor centers are located at Carmel, Columbus, Downtown Indianapolis, Fishers, Greenwood, Lafayette, Muncie, and Terre Haute.
If you donate blood Friday or Saturday, you will receive an Indianapolis Colts playoff poster, as long as supplies last. Wehking said the center is thankful for their partnership with the team, and for anyone who comes out to pick up a poster and help them keep area hospitals supplied.
Appointments to donate can be made at www.DonorPoint.org or by calling 800-632-4722 or 317-916-5150.
The Greene County General Hospital welcomed its firstborn of 2014 on Wednesday.
Devyn Matthew Delph, son of Seth and Pam Delph, of Coal City, arrived at 2:43 a.m. on Jan. 1.
The bundle of joy weighed in at 5 pounds and 5 ounces and was 20 inches long.
Seth Delph expressed his excitement about raising another human being.
Pam Delph had a smooth delivery, and noted her hospital stay was good, but explained she was ready to go home.
Devyn is the firstborn to the Delph family. Several family members were also present to welcome the New Year’s baby.
In lieu of Devyn’s birth, GCGH staff presented the Delph family with a New Year’s baby basket.
“This is the first year the hospital has become more involved [with the first baby of the year] versus the OB department by itself,” explained RN Jane Hughes.
Do you want to stop using tobacco products? Greene County General Hospital is offering free tobacco cessation classes beginning on Jan. 6.
The class will meet from 6 to 8 p.m. on Mondays Jan. 6 through Feb. 24 in the Violet Newton Conference Room at Greene County General Hospital.
The classes are taught by Chris Sparks, RN, who works for Greene County Home Healthcare. Assisting with the classes is Racheall Lengacher, a respiratory therapist who manages the hospital’s Respiratory Therapy Department, and Lana Heath, a registered respiratory therapist.
“It’s a free opportunity for them (participants) to have a healthier life. We offer free patches and gum and free support. My philosophy is you have to want to quit and you have to believe that you can. It’s like any other addiction – you have to believe in yourself,” Sparks said.
Sparks said the atmosphere in the classes is very laid back and comfortable.
Since she began teaching tobacco cessation classes in February 2002, Sparks boasts a 49 percent quit rate among participants. However, with her most recent class, 100 percent of participants stopped using tobacco products – cigarettes, cigars, and chewing tobacco.
“That’s pretty awesome,” Sparks said.
Sparks, who successfully quit smoking several years ago, offers an insider perspective for her students.
• Chris is an excellent mentor. She had relayed to all of us the struggles she went through when she was trying to quit years ago, which in turn; I know she was sincere in her quest to help us with quitting smoking/chewing. She was available to us 24/7 which helped everybody’s mindset. She has a very positive attitude which is contagious and makes you try even harder.
• This is a real good program. This was the second program for me and this one beat the other one hands down.
• This was the best class. I wouldn’t have made it without this class. It was a great support. Hopefully this class goes on and on in the future. I give this class a high five. Thank you from the bottom of my heart.
• Try it. It works!
For more information or to sign up for tobacco cessation classes, call 847-9496.
Cold and flu season is among us, so it’s only fitting that December 1-7 is National Handwashing Awareness Week.
Keeping our hands clean is one of the most important steps in stopping the spread of germs as so many diseases and conditions are spread by people not washing their hands with soap and clean running water. If soap and water are unavailable, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol to clean hands.
The CDC’s website offers several tips for handwashing.
• Wet your hands with clean, running water (warm or cold) and apply soap.
• Rub your hands together to make a lather and scrub them well; be sure to scrub the backs of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails.
• Continue rubbing your hands for at least 20 seconds. Need a timer? Hum the “Happy Birthday” song from beginning to end twice.
• Rinse your hands well under running water.
• Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry them.
If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers can quickly reduce the number of germs on hands in some situations, but sanitizers do not eliminate all types of germs. Hand sanitizers are not effective when hands are visibly dirty.
How do you use hand sanitizers?
• Apply the product to the palm of one hand.
• Rub your hands together.
Take a few moments during Handwashing Awareness Week to ensure you’re washing your hands properly. If you have children, review handwashing tips with them. Challenge your child to create a 20 second handwashing song, or even better, help create one with them. This will make handwashing a fun experience for them.
Remember, washing your hands properly is one of the most important steps to stop the spread of germs. Take your part in washing germs down the drain seriously.
Late last Saturday morning Linton Police Department Officer Brock Garrison responded to a battery complaint.
The victim’s injuries, which included two abrasions that required stitches, contusions, swelling, a broken nose, and a concussion, were treated at the Greene County General Hospital. Afterwards, he spoke with Garrison at the Linton Police Department.
According to a probable cause affidavit, the victim said he woke up Saturday morning at about 9 a.m. to the sound of knocking. Two men were at his front door and one, later identified as Jared M. Rush, 30, of Lyons, was looking for a woman who was at the victim’s residence.
The victim told Garrison that he first told Rush she was not there, but then Rush stepped into his residence while yelling for the woman. The victim then told him to get out of his house and then he would go get the woman. He tried to close the front door but Rush threw up his hand, preventing him from shutting it.
The victim said he then went to get the woman, and when he returned with her Rush entered the residence uninvited and struck him in the side of the face, knocking him onto the couch. The victim told Garrison the second man, later identified as Ryan R. Wilson, 28, of Sullivan, also entered the residence and began to hit him in the face. He stated that both men punched him in the face several times while he was on the couch.
After the beating, the victim said he told the men to leave, which they did after arguing for a few moments.
Wilson was located, arrested, and taken to the Linton Police Department. He told Garrison that Rush and a man at the residence got into a physical altercation and he stayed on the porch, and added that he had not seen or talked to Rush since Rush dropped him off at his truck after the incident.
The woman also spoke with Garrison, and told him she was intimidated by Rush but that she went to the front of the house when she heard the victim and Rush arguing. She said she saw Rush striking the victim in the face and that Wilson also entered the residence and she believed he was striking the victim in the face, too. She added that when Wilson came in he kicked a vase and broke it, and that the men stopped hitting the victim after she told them she was calling the police.
The woman also told Garrison she knew both men.
A warrant for Rush’s arrest was issued on Tuesday, and he was booked into the Greene County Jail around 1:30 a.m. on Wednesday.
Both men are charged with battery resulting in serious injury, a class C felony, and residential entry, a class D felony.
Officer Jason Wilson assisted in the investigation. | 2019-04-25T15:45:58Z | http://greenecountyindiana.com/tag/greene-county-general-hospital/ |
It might seem fatalistic to suggest that both civilisation and warfare share the same origins; certainly one does appear to presuppose the other. Any organized grouping of people will seek to maintain or to extend that organization by force if necessary and sometimes even when it is not, because this necessity can also be, as it generally is in our own time, ideological rather than strictly tactical. If civilisation as such is understood as the bond of group integration that rests on a shared social experience (and the history that goes along with it), then warfare is not just an inevitability, as might be understood by the notion of its shared origins with human society, but the “logical” consequence of the power structures that underlie all civilisation. This is of significance precisely because it means that war is the result of a particular social organization at a given historical moment and is characterized by the structures from which those societies are formed. Warfare is not an a-historical tendency; it is, on the contrary, a reflection of those values that are fundamental to how the world we inhabit is organized. Lisa Barnard has probed the increasingly distanced experience of war in the early 21st Century and the results say as much about the disaffections of our contemporary social landscape as they do about warfare itself.
In book-form, Barnard’s work makes use of often strikingly different visual and conceptual strategies, many of which are quite distinct from what might be expected from a “documentary” approach – and from a subject that has largely been treated in a photo-journalistic fashion. This includes a mix of straight-forward documentation, still-life, appropriation and even collage. The scope of this seemingly unwieldy mix is justified by the sprawling nature of modern warfare; Barnard recognizes that this experience with its tangled mesh of interconnections between vastly different areas can no longer be visualized by using the traditional vocabulary of documentary photography. Her own mix of styles speaks to the way in which the notion (and indeed, the practical business) of warfare has become endemic in contemporary life. This shift is connected in a fundamental way to the forms of production that underlie global capital. As these have become increasingly intangible so too has warfare shifted from a specific engagement at a specific point to being a nebulous and all-pervasive mentality in which the enemy is always present; warfare becomes a kind of ideological movement. The so-called War on Terror, with is trans-national scope and undercurrent of intense paranoia, is emblematic of this change, being by implication perpetual, a mentality rather than a tactical end. Barnard responds to the question of how to represent this by fusing together a range of different practices in a way that is responsive to the language of the times.
Just as the underlying social structures have changed so too have the sites of conflict. These have now become dispersed in a way that is not merely geographical; their attenuation reflects a basic alteration in the relationship between combatants and civilian populations, a change in scale embodied by the proliferation of drone warfare, for example. As documented by Barnard in Too Thin Too Blue from the larger series Whiplash Transition, these encounters collapse familiar definitions of space, where soldiers/ operators manoeuvre aircraft remotely to attack targets thousands of kilometres away. The targets have been deemed a threat on the basis of intelligence alone, but if warfare is all-pervasive and the enemy everywhere then the need to justify these actions in any sense becomes redundant. Barnard points to the perceptual dislocation of the operators and its implications for their status as combatants. It is not simply that the change in scale dilutes moral responsibility, but rather that those assumptions have already been undermined and so the methodologies of conflict just come to reflect this. The role of imagining technology is also significant here. As a means of representation, photography and power have always been closely related. The seemingly infinite gaze of the drone places everything within the mastery of the observer. In turn, these aerial views project a kind of sublime abstraction, but the control over life and death is not symbolic; it is both literal and terrifying arbitrary.
The violent intersection of war and technology has, by now, a long history. Barnard’s war (and, of course, ours as well) is arguably the most “advanced” yet, although we should perhaps hesitate to call them advancements. As a result, she is obliged to examine the ways in which the virtual has complicated the actual and she does this by focusing her attention away from combat zones, exposing the machinery that sustains warfare as a near-permanent condition, a state of mind increasing difficult to separate from the machinery of state itself. This is a digital war fought and experienced at a remove – and yet, its causalities are all too real. The most telling example here is Virtual Iraq, Barnard’s study of the Institute for Creative Technology, an innocuous sounding research centre that channels the interests of the military, cutting-edge science and even the video game industry into the development of new ways to train soldiers using virtual environments. Somewhat perversely, variations of these same techniques are also used for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in veterans. Characteristically, Barnard employs a number of different approaches to examine the issues at stake. Key to the series is the documentation of the “sets” that made up the training platform. Here Barnard emphasizes the uncanny verisimilitude that its creators were striving for, but also pulls back to include the edges of the frame, breaking any lingering illusion that might remain.
The point is not, of course, that anyone would ever actually mistake these places for their real-life counterparts. Instead, they suggest (and partake in) the sort of spatial dislocations that have come to define contemporary warfare, along with the extent to which so much of civilian life is now caught up in producing for markets that have been created by war. In this case the virtual has not simply overtaken the “real,” but does appear to have complicated it in the most fundamental ways. Barnard is alert to this contamination, matching everyday scenes that might serve to “trigger” veterans with their equivalents from the virtual space; the war is everywhere, both for the PSTD sufferer and also potentially for us, in the most general, chilling sense. It is worth noting as well that the production of these training programs, such as the one used to prepare helicopter pilots for arriving at the scene of an IED blast, incorporates photographs that the soldiers themselves have made. Here the relationship between representation and reality is more fraught than ever. This is a war that has been waged in a manner consistent with the times. As such, it manifests a significant contradiction – increasingly disembodied in its means and yet its aims are still brutally enacted on (most often non-white) bodies. This is a contradiction that has come to define the social structures of contemporary life as well.
Your use of photography seems to be less about “documenting” particular situations as it is using the medium to explore very specific themes, often using a mix of different visual strategies. Is this because you’re dealing with subjects that are, by their nature, difficult to visualise using the established vocabulary of documentary photography – or does it stem, at least in part, from a feeling that this vocabulary is now largely played out?
I’m not sure they are difficult to visualise, I think it’s more that the type of photography that this subject perhaps brings to mind is, as you suggest ‘largely played out,’ being uninteresting, both visually and conceptually. I am much more interested in photography as a conduit for ideas, reflecting on both itself as a medium and as a document of reality. Of course, there is room for traditional documentary or photojournalism, but in my experience it doesn’t engage in the complexity of the political, historical and social situations and it certainly doesn’t reflect on the medium of photography itself. As Martha Rosler says, “Documentary as we know it, carries information about a group of powerless people to another group addressed as socially powerful” That said, I am a huge fan of photography that visually tells me something that I don’t know about the world in a beautiful way, but for me, as an artist, it is not enough. I consider my practice to reflect a ‘contemporary documentary’ stance, one that engages in complex ideas visually, using a variety of different forms and strategies, including text, appropriated imagery, underpinned with theoretical influences. These representations in my opinion have to connect to the ideas that you feel compelled to discuss. Too often photographers produce work that feels to me like the visual aesthetic is an additional after-thought, to make the work appear contemporary, this doesn’t work for me. My practice starts with reading and listening, the research is the most important aspect. For instance, the images with the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) patterns are as such because when a UAV ‘Maps the Territory’ it creates one big visual picture, made up of smaller images, much like the maps that were made using photographs from aircraft during WW1. These maps created a more elaborate and extensive picture of the battlefield. My images in this series present this idea, the images denoting something of the complexity of the battlefield from a particular standpoint. The strategy I used is integral to the concept, it is not added on. The images incorporate ambiguous landscape photographs from both Pakistan and USA in addition to appropriated photos from the first Jane’s Pocket Book of Unmanned Vehicle Systems. What’s important in the work is the idea that who owns the skies owns the territory; there is no Homeland for those on the ground, a vertical perspective being what Paul Saint-Amour calls “the axis of order”. Perhaps we could see the UAV as Michel Foucault describes the Panoptican, an “instrument of permanent, exhaustive, omnipresent surveillance, capable of making all visible, as long as it could itself remain invisible.” I refer to this as ‘the all seeing eye of imperialism’. Perhaps I digressed here, but the complexity of ideas is what really excites me and anything that I can easily read is a bit of a turn off unless it’s visually superb.
How, then, do you approach a project of this scope – is there an overall plan or does it develop as you work?
I didn’t really set out to take 6 years to make this work. When I first started researching PTSD in relation to the military it was in 2008 and this was really on the back of discovering that my grandfather committed suicide, partly because of the trauma of war. I started looking at UAV’s and the relationship that the operators had to the screen at the end of 2010 and the Virtual Iraq project that I completed in 2008 was the segue into that arena, both being about PTSD and the screen. ‘Whiplash Transition’ should have been finished by the end of 2012, but with one thing and another and being invited by Reprieve to go to Pakistan, I felt it was worth extending the work. So in that sense there is no real plan, I just like to work on ideas and they tend to always develop and be connected. This work is continuing as does technology and its relation to the battlefield. After all, technology is at the centre of visual development and as an image-maker I continue to be fascinated by our relationship to the screen. The chrono-photographic rifle developed by Etienne-Jules Marey in the 19th century allowed its user to aim and photograph a moving object. It’s such a short time-frame from that to the new cameras on UAV’s such as the ARGUS IS which consists of 368 cell phone cameras and can track anything moving in a 36 square mile radius. How can you not be totally amazed away by that? I’m working on another development that could just have just as easily gone into the book, but I was asked by David Chandler to submit a dummy book for the Albert Renger Patzsch Prize in 2012 and was fortunate enough to win, so that was that, and a book was made. It forced my hand, if you like, to make a conclusion to the work. But I don’t really work in ‘projects’ that have a beginning, middle and end. I make the work that I want to and I don’t try to squeeze my ideas to fit a very conservative market-place. The photography world likes series and tangible conclusions, that doesn’t sit well with me.
Without wanting this issue to overshadow the work itself, as I know it sometimes can, but getting access to these sites and materials can’t always have been straight-forward, so I wonder if you could elaborate a little on what that process was like?
Mostly easy, you just have to be tenacious and not give in, it’s part of the challenge of the work and I find the process fascinating. There were aspects that fell on my lap, such as being invited to Pakistan by Reprieve, but being allowed to work in the Association of Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) at Washington was a bit more complicated and I did at one point lock myself in the toilet after closing time, so I could photograph it when it was empty. I wouldn’t recommend this as a strategy, but I was a bit desperate for ideas – they are very predictable visual environments. The military access always takes a little time and I had a lot of false starts. Mostly people try and persuade you that there is nothing of interest to photograph, but I can be quite persuasive and this strategy has worked ok for me thus far.
Technology is shown here to be incredibly destructive, but it can also be used to help in the recovery of those affected by the experience of war, so it seems to have a somewhat ambivalent role. Does this reflect your own experiences while making the project?
Technology is always at the heart of innovation for the military and it always revolves around them trying to be more efficient in the job of war. In that sense I’m not sure it has an ambivalent role, the objectives are always the same, to help Americans win battles, effectively and efficiently. It’s about a few in power making money out of the suffering of others who don’t have the resources or influence to defend themselves, whether that be mentally or physically. UAV pilots or combat soldiers with PTSD are victims of this ‘machine’ as are the innocent on the ground in Pakistan, that’s my experience, they are all victims and who I am I to say that one man’s suffering is greater than any other. What I do know is that the soldiers or pilots of the military have a choice to do the job that they do. A child living under the constant threat of death, listening day and night to the endless humming of a machine operated by a man sitting at a desk on the other side of the world must be incredibly stressful, a sort of living nightmare and I think unimaginable for most of us.
Despite sometimes giving this impression, it’s clearly too simplistic to assume that war is now being conducted at a distance, like a sort of video game. Would it be fair to say, then, what you are suggesting is that reality has not been overtaken by the virtual so much as it has been complicated by these new possibilities in a very profound way?
Is this work that you can see yourself expanding upon in the future, then, as the nature and experience of warfare continues to change?
This area of the real, the imaginary or the virtual is one that continues to fascinate me, however it is like trying to herd cats and in that sense, developing work around the next metaphorical battlefield is challenging. I have so much research and have written a vast amount on the subject that it feels that it is just starting to go somewhere really exciting, The fact that more US soldiers committed suicide last year than were killed in the theatre of war weirdly signifies a success for the American administration. Yes, of course they want to reduce the instances of PTSD, but the mind is probably the one thing that they won’t ever be able to control, right? There is a continuing debate within the US, whether man should remain “in the loop” in the theatre of war. It is my opinion that in the not too distant future war will be entirely automated, and then no American soldier will die on the battlefield. This scenario is much nearer than we think. | 2019-04-23T00:29:49Z | https://paper-journal.com/lisa-barnard/ |
On February 25, 2010, two former Service Technicians filed a nationwide federal lawsuit against Chemed Corporation and Roto-Rooter Services Company in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York to recover unpaid wages for themselves and other Service Technicians. The lawsuit alleges that Roto Rooter did not pay the Plaintiffs’ wages free and clear, and unlawfully reduced their wages through paycheck deductions and requiring them to bear Defendants’ business expenses. The Plaintiffs also allege that they regularly worked unrecorded time of which the Defendants were aware and encouraged through their policies and practices. The Plaintiffs seek to recover unpaid minimum and overtime wages and the illegal deductions and business expenses they were required to bear. Any Service Technician who worked for the Defendants in any state can join the case.
On January 6, 2014, the Court held a final fairness hearing after which the Court granted final approval of the parties’ Settlement Agreement. The Court found that the Settlement Agreement, under which Roto-Rooter will pay more than $14.2 million to resolve the claims of more than 4,200 class members, was fair, reasonable and adequate. The Court adopted the Settlement Agreement provision requiring settlement checks to be mailed within 43 days of the Court’s Order so long as the Order is not appealed. As no objections were raised to the settlement, we do not anticipate any appeals. Plaintiffs will have 120 days from the date the checks are sent out to cash their checks. Unless you have updated your address with the Claims Administrator or us, your settlement check will be sent to the same address as your notice. To update your address, contact the Claims Administrator, Simpluris, at 877-645-1928.
The Court has granted preliminary approval of the class settlement. Click here to read the Preliminary Approval Order of Class Settlement.. Class members will receive a notice of the settlement in the mail in mid-October.
On September 13, Plaintiffs filed the Motion for Preliminary Approval of Class Settlement with the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York. We now await the Court’s approval. If the Court preliminarily approves the settlement, we will be able to send a notice to each class member, which includes the terms of the settlement, the amount of their minimum individual recovery, and allows for the opportunity to opt out of or object to the settlement.
IF YOU WANT TO RECEIVE MONEY UNDER THE SETTLEMENT, YOU DO NOT NEED TO DO ANYTHING. If the Court approves the settlement, a check will be mailed to every class member who does not opt out of the settlement.
After the 30-day notice period has passed, Plaintiffs will ask the Court for final approval of the settlement. If the Court approves the settlement and there are no appeals, checks will be mailed to class members. The settlement process can take some time, and we do not expect checks to be mailed until the second quarter of 2014.
If your address has changed and you have not updated your contact information with us, please email your new contact information to [email protected].
We will continue to post updates to the website as the information is available.
After more than three years of litigation, the parties have tentatively settled the claims in this case. Getman & Sweeney believes the settlement is fair and reasonable, considering the various risks that would exist if the claims went to trial.. Under the terms of the settlement, Roto-Rooter will pay approximately $14.2 million to resolve the claims of approximately 4,000 class members. The payment includes back pay for overtime, minimum wages, liquidated damages and all costs of the litigation including attorneys’ fees and service payments to class representatives.
The case now moves from a litigation process to a settlement process, which, though quicker than litigation, still takes time. The Court has ordered the parties to put the terms of the settlement in a formal written agreement and ordered the Plaintiffs to present the agreement to the Court for preliminary approval by August 23, 2013. If the Court preliminarily approves the settlement, notice will be mailed to all class members explaining the terms of the settlement, providing class members with notice of their minimum individual recovery, and giving them the opportunity to comment on the settlement. After the period for commenting has past, Plaintiffs will ask the Court for final approval. If the Court finally approves the settlement and the settlement becomes final, checks will be mailed out shortly thereafter. We expect the entire process to take at least nine months, that is, checks would not likely be mailed until at least April 2014.
We do not know anyone’s individual recovery at this time. After the Court issues preliminary approval of the settlement, we will make the final damage calculation and notice stating individual recoveries will be mailed to all class members.
We do not know when notice will be mailed. Those details depend on factors outside of the parties’ control. For example, notice cannot be sent until the Court preliminarily approves the settlement. While Plaintiffs expect to file a motion for preliminary approval on August 23, we do not know how long the Court will take to rule on it.
We do not know if or when settlement checks will be mailed. Checks will be mailed only if the Court finally approves the settlement. We cannot know at this time if and when that will happen.
It is vitally important that you notify us if your contact information has changed in the past three years. Please e-mail any changes to us through this website http://getmansweeney.com/contact.
We need current contact information so that you receive notice and your settlement payment.
On March 25, Judge Cogan denied Roto-Rooter’s request that he reconsider his decision allowing Plaintiffs’ claims to go forward on a class basis. In particular, Roto-Rooter asked the Court to reconsider its request to dismiss turn-in claims in California and time-shaving claims in California, Connecticut, Indiana, Missouri, and Washington. Roto-Rooter also asked the Court to reconsider its request to decertify the FSLA collective action and state class action time-shaving claims. Judge Cogan denied reconsideration on all three issues. Click here to read the Judge’s ruling.
On February 4, 2013, Judge Cogan ruled that Plaintiffs can proceed on their business expense and uncompensated time claims on a class basis but dismissed the Plaintiffs’ claims that call-backs were illegal. He also made a series of rulings specific to some groups of plaintiffs. For example, he ruled that the Indiana class can proceed under a different law than originally pled and that some California claims survive despite a prior class settlement. Click here to see the full decision.. Judge Cogan gave the Plaintiffs 90 days to amend their complaint consistent with his Order. After that, the case will go to trial on the issue of whether Roto-Rooter’s reimbursement of business expenses was reasonable and whether Roto-Rooter’s records show uncompensated work time.
Plaintiffs continue to wait for the Court’s decision regarding Defendants’ motion to decertify the class and our motion for summary judgment (See April 3, 2012 update). How the case goes forward depends on how the Court’s decides these motions, so the litigation remains at a standstill until that time. We will update the website as soon as the Court makes its decisions. If you would like an email update sent directly to your inbox regarding the Court’s decisions, please email [email protected] and include “Morangelli Court Decision” in the subject line.
Plaintiffs continue to wait for the Court’s ruling on our motion for summary judgment and Roto-Rooter’s motion to decertify the class (see April 3, 2012 update). Once the Court has ruled on the motions, the parties will be able to proceed with the litigation. How the case proceeds depends on how the Court rules on each of the issues before it. We will post an update as soon as the Court renders its decision.
Plaintiffs have completed their motion and briefs asking the Court to find as a matter of law that certain of Roto-Rooter’s pay practices violated the law. In particular, Plaintiffs asked the Court to find that (1) Roto-Rooter’s practice of shifting expenses to Technicians was illegal in weeks that it caused Technicians’ pay to fall below the minimum wage; (2) Roto-Rooter’s call-backs were illegal deductions under the laws of certain states; (3) Roto-Rooter violated its recordkeeping obligations; and (4) Roto-Rooter is liable for liquidated damages. The briefing includes Plaintiffs’ brief in support of their motion (Click here); Roto-Rooter’s opposition (Click here) and Plaintiffs’ reply (Click here).
At the same time, Roto-Rooter asked the Court to decertify, or break up, the class and force Plaintiffs to litigate on an individual basis with respect to its liability on Plaintiffs’ claims. Plaintiffs responded to Roto-Rooter’s motion asking the Court to keep the classes together so that Roto-Rooter’s liability can be decided once and for all in a single proceeding. The Parties submitted briefing, including Roto-Rooter’s brief in support of its motion (Click here); Plaintiffs’ opposition (Click here); and Roto-Rooter’s reply (Click here).
The Court will consider the Parties’ arguments and render a decision. We expect the Court to issue decisions on all the issues at the same time, but we cannot know when any decision will be issued. Given prior experience with the Court, Plaintiffs expect a decision in the summer or fall. However, there is no way to know when the decision will come. After the Court decides these legal issues, the parties will try any unresolved issues about Roto-Rooter’s liability to a jury.
Upon Roto-Rooter’s request, the Court changed the schedule for the parties to submit summary judgment motions and Roto-Rooter to submit a decertification motion. The initial motions are now to be filed by February 10, 2012, responses by March 9, 2012, and any replies by March 23, 2012.
Upon Roto-Rooter’s request, the Court changed the schedule for the parties to submit summary judgment motions. The initial motions are to be filed by January 20, 2012, responses by February 17, and any replies by March 2, 2012. In summary judgment rulings, the Court determines whether the uncontested facts represent a violation of the law. In their summary judgment motion, the Plaintiffs will ask the Court to rule that Roto-Rooter’s pay policies violated federal and state law. In the same motion, we will ask the Court to find that Roto-Rooter must pay liquidated damages in addition to any back wages owed. Liquidated damages are up to 100% of the back wages owed for those plaintiffs who joined the case by filing a consent to sue. Liquidated damages for the class members are a matter of state law and each state has a different standard.
Once the Court rules on the legality of Roto-Rooter’s pay policies, the case will proceed to a trial where a jury will decide whether Roto-Rooter failed to record all the hours that technicians worked. Once a jury decides those issues, the Court will determine how to calculate Plaintiffs’ individual damages.
The Court also granted Roto-Rooter permission to move to decertify the classes with respect to certain issues. The Court ordered Roto-Rooter to submit its decertification motion on the same schedule as the summary judgment motions.
At the Plaintiffs’ request, Judge Cogan ordered the parties to complete their exchange of discovery by November 24, 2011. He also ordered the parties to submit summary judgment motions by December 22, 2011. In summary judgment rulings, the Court determines whether the uncontested facts represent a violation of the law. In their summary judgment motion, the Plaintiffs will ask the Court to rule that Roto-Rooter’s pay policies violated federal and state law. In the same motion, we will ask the Court to find that Roto-Rooter must pay liquidated damages in addition to any back wages owed. Liquidated damages are up to 100% of the back wages owed for those plaintiffs who joined the case by filing a consent to sue. Liquidated damages for the class members are a matter of state law and each state has a different standard.
In a significant victory for Plaintiffs, the Court issued a Decision and Order certifying all 14 state class actions on June 17, 2011. Click here to see the Court’s Order (.pdf 1MB). The result is that all commissioned Technicians who worked for Roto-Rooter in those 14 states within the statute of limitations can recover in this action. The Order dramatically expands the scope of the case. The decision was particularly remarkable for Court’s keen understanding of the ways in which Plaintiffs allege Roto-Rooter broke the law. We expect a short period to take additional discovery of Roto-Rooter, after which the parties will ask the Court to rule on certain issues of law. Once the Court rules, the case will be scheduled for trial.
The Court ordered notice of this case sent to Roto Rooter Technicians on June 17, 2010. Click here to see the Order (.pdf 367KB). Since then more than 430 current and former Technicians have joined the case, and another 79 have sought to bring their claims in arbitration.
In November, 2010, Plaintiffs filed a Motion asking the Court to allow the case to go forward as a Rule 23 class action. A class action would allow many more people to participate in the case. Click here to see Plaintiffs’ Motion (.pdf 511KB). After conducting extensive discovery, including 39 depositions, Roto-Rooter opposed Plaintiffs’ motion. Plaintiffs replied to the opposition. Click here to see Plaintiffs’ Reply (.pdf 136KB). Now we await the Court’s decision.
Technicians can still bring their claims, even though the opt-in period for this case is no longer open. We understand that employees can be hesitant to bring claims against their employer. While we understand such reluctance, retaliation against an employee for bringing their back-wage claims is illegal. Judge Cogan made it clear that he will zealously protect against any such retaliation. In a letter dated January 1, 2011, he advised that “[Plaintiffs] should also be reassured that this Court would treat any retaliatory response to their participation in this lawsuit with the utmost seriousness, including considering referring the matter to the United States Attorney for criminal prosecution of FLSA violations or even obstruction of justice.” Consistent with the Judge’s language, we respond quickly to any retaliation.
We encourage Technicians to contact us if they want to bring claims and have not joined yet. Depending on the form of dispute resolution agreement signed at hiring, your claims may be heard in arbitration rather than federal court. Getman & Sweeney, PLLC and Pelton & Associates are representing Technicians in both forums. If you would like to bring back wage claims, click here for the Consent to Sue form. Please note that it is a two-page form. Please fill out and sign BOTH consent forms, one for the lawsuit and one for the arbitration. Once we’ve received the consents, we will determine whether you will be in the lawsuit or in the arbitration.
The lawsuit at present covers claims for overtime pay under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) and under several state labor Laws. The specific violations claimed are that the Defendants failed to pay minimum and overtime wages properly to its Service Technicians and made deductions to pay that violated the laws of certain states.
Damages sought under the FLSA include back minimum wage and overtime pay, an equal amount of liquidated damages, interest, and fees and costs for each violation. Damages for the state law claims include back minimum wage and overtime pay, recovery of illegal deductions, interest, and fees and costs.
Under state labor laws, the statute of limitation runs from two to six years depending on the state, and the class claims run from the filing of the complaint.
What is the difference between the FLSA and State Labor Law claims?
Both claims are based on the same facts—the way Defendants paid Service Techinicians. But damages and the statute of limitations are different under the FLSA and state labor laws.
The FLSA provides for liquidated damages in an amount equal to the back pay owed and allows claims going back three years from when someone affirmatively joins the case by filing a Consent to Sue. You must send us a signed Consent to Sue form to bring FLSA claims in this action.
State Labor Laws typically provide for back wages, interest and recovery of illegal deductions. The state law claims have different statutes of limitations (for example, New York is six years, New Jersey is two years). As the Complaint was filed on February 25, 2010, state law claims in New York will go back to February 26, 2004, and in New Jersey to February 26, 2008.
No. The attorneys are handling this case on a contingent basis and will only be paid when we win through a settlement or final judgment. Under both the FLSA and State Labor Laws, when plaintiffs win an overtime case, the defendant must pay the plaintiffs’ costs and attorneys’ fees.
Can the Defendants fire me or take action against me for joining the lawsuit?
The law prohibits retaliation for joining an overtime lawsuit. If any employee suffered retaliation, the Defendants would be liable for at least double the injury caused to the employee, and possibly additional damages. The Judge in this case has already made clear that he will not tolerate any retaliation. Notify us immediately if you think any retaliation occurs. Retaliation is rare in overtime cases, because an employer can suffer such serious penalties.
The FLSA claims in this lawsuit cover every worksite nationwide in the U.S.A. If you worked for Defendants anywhere in the country, you can bring FLSA claims in this case. State Labor Law claims covers only work in that state. | 2019-04-21T10:11:31Z | https://getmansweeney.com/current-cases/roto-rooter-morangelli-overtime |
Jake Baggott came to UAB in 2013 for a rare and challenging opportunity to lead the establishment of a comprehensive health, counseling, and wellness initiative by bringing together existing departments and developing them into a best-practices model program to meet the substantially growing wellness needs of UAB’s students. That same opportunity was magnified when UAB committed to re-establishing a division of student affairs. Jake recently accepted the opportunity to serve as the leader of the University of Wisconsin-Madison’s comprehensive and integrated health and wellness program and his position is the one currently being filled.
The new assistant vice president must possess a broad and deep understanding of national best practices and innovations with regard to student health, counseling, wellness, recreation, disability services, veterans’ affairs, and the large state institutional setting. The AVP should be an experienced or aspiring leader who has had success building and advancing a progressive program at another institution, be capable of managing multiple priorities, and be equipped to contribute at both a strategic and tactical level to a vibrant and fast-paced Division of Student Affairs at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
The new AVP must commit to a comprehensive culture of collaboration and partnering across campus for maximum effectiveness; UAB is committed to building relationships as a foundation of the campus culture and strong collaboration is an absolute necessity in all endeavors to ensure success. Student health & wellbeing is both broad and deep, touching a number of campus entities both internally and external to student affairs, so it will be crucial that the new AVP quickly reach out across campus to build strong relationships and partnerships to foster ongoing positive interactions and be a “connector” in all instances. These connections are essential in order to assess real needs, promote lasting partnerships, and provide high-end service to all constituencies. The new AVP should, at their earliest convenience, conduct both internal and external “listening tours” in an effort to connect to campus stakeholders and understand their needs.
The ability to grow, develop, and mentor a large and diverse professional staff, while building a strong and dedicated team, will be critical for success. The staff across student health & wellbeing is both large and diverse, with a dedicated group of more seasoned staff in leadership roles, so the new assistant vice president must be a strong motivator with high level supervisory and staff development skills. The current staff reporting to the AVP are extremely committed to the vision of a strong and supportive team, and they are dedicated to providing the best possible experience to the UAB community. The staff works very hard and the new AVP should make it a priority to quickly get to know the staff as individuals, learn their particular needs, develop trust and confidence across the board, ascertain and understand the various responsibilities they perform and roles they play, empower them to continue the good work they are doing, and be prepared to provide comprehensive professional support for all staff and oversee the ongoing development of a strong team.
The scope of responsibilities of this department is wide, and the new AVP will need to quickly become familiar with all aspects under their purview in order to develop a comprehensive list of priorities. On a rapidly growing campus such as UAB, the new assistant vice president will need to prioritize a great deal of time upon arrival for learning the nuances and priorities of the campus, discovering the internal needs of the staff and the department, and beginning the process of reaching out across the University and establishing themselves in this position.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion are essential parts of the UAB community, and the AVP should be a leader in supporting, understanding, embracing, and nurturing these concepts. There are a large number of underrepresented populations within the institution, and the areas within Student Health & Wellbeing needs to be a model for maintaining a strong sense of equity and an unbiased environment at all times. The new AVP should be a champion for diversity, equity, and inclusion in all its forms and should strive to nurture and embrace these concepts throughout the organization.
The Division of Student Affairs has a number of relatively new leaders in upper-level management, so there is a fresh and vibrant environment in which to work at UAB. Subsequently, the division is also operating at an extremely fast pace, with change and growth occurring rather quickly both internally and across the university, so the new AVP should expect to learn the position, develop a plan, and begin implementation just as quickly. There will be a great opportunity to be creative, with a measure of autonomy to put their professional mark on the program and establish new benchmarks for many years to come. Because the foundation of the student health & wellbeing area is solid on all fronts, there is an opportunity to immediately begin building on the current successes and create buy-in with the staff on the new ideas and vision they bring to the table.
With the recent hiring of a Director of Assessment and Planning, developing data-driven analyses and solutions will be critical for success. The Director of Assessment and Planning is tasked with compiling and analyzing a great amount of data and then presenting that data to various constituencies with recommendations for utilization of the findings (particularly the other Student Affairs units). The new assistant vice president should be prepared to collaborate extensively with this individual, understand the importance of data-driven decision-making, promote a culture of assessment, further develop a comprehensive assessment plan for the departments within student health & wellbeing, and determine methods for implementing findings to push all departments forward. Devising solutions based on hard data can also undoubtedly lend a great deal of credibility to new initiatives and, with a rapidly growing student population, the search for new resources.
Wait times for appointments in both the Student Health Center and the Counseling Center are decreasing, but there is still room for improvement through expanded facilities, new technology, and additional professional staff. The Counseling Center recently moved into a new facility, which created more room for improvements and expansion of the Student Health Center, and this should provide additional space for more appointments, specialists, and other various upgrades. With other physical projects in development, the new assistant vice president should be prepared to “hit the ground running” on these plans and be prepared to devote a degree of dedicated time to these endeavors, which are priorities for the UAB student body.
One of the primary roles of the assistant vice president is connecting, interacting, and building bridges with the medical side of campus and incorporating wellbeing into this process. Partnerships must be continued between student affairs, UAB Medical, and the city of Birmingham to promote cooperative initiatives that improve students’ lives and experiences.
The Counseling Center and Student Health Services are in the midst of reaccreditation procedures, so the new AVP should be familiar with best practices in accreditation within these two areas and provide support for these efforts moving forward. Similarly, with the growth of the student population, demand for mental health and wellness resources are at a premium, so the new AVP should be prepared to use creative best practices to ensure resources are allocated and distributed appropriately.
The Division of Student Affairs is currently piloting some exciting and far-reaching programs, many of which are located within the purview of student health & wellbeing. One such program is an autism transition program, with a task force currently being set up with the intent that the assistant vice president will lead this project. A non-smoking medical health district, a health wellbeing initiative, service animals in training, and a suicide prevention taskforce are just a few examples of new and beneficial initiatives in-process across campus that are touched by student health & wellbeing. Additionally, a new student health insurance plan was recently adopted, as well as new student immunization requirements and new involuntary withdrawal policies, so the AVP should be prepared to support these new initiatives and bring other innovative and cost-saving ideas to the student health and wellbeing department.
Across the board, stakeholders reiterated that they liked working at UAB, are very supportive of each other, enjoy the vibrancy and fast pace of the university, feel much camaraderie, and believe that there are many opportunities to make a big difference in this role. Enrollment is growing, construction is at a premium, and the University is a growing influence in the Southeast. Birmingham is also a rapidly growing and developing city, and UAB is, in large part fueling this growth, so the new AVP can expect all the amenities that come along with a large metropolitan city as well as the great atmosphere and hospitality of the South. With a nationally renowned children’s medical center and UAB Medical, the only crisis hospital in the Southeast, exceptional healthcare is only one of the many benefits that are available in Birmingham.
At an appropriate interval after joining the University of Alabama at Birmingham, the items listed below will initially define success for the new assistant vice president for student health & wellbeing.
The Student Affairs culture of excellence is thriving within student health & wellbeing, and the AVP promotes this culture at all times.
Student success initiatives are enhanced and thriving.
The Student Affairs culture of assessment is embraced and utilized to ensure data-driven and strategic decision-making.
There is a strong team of three assistant vice presidents that provides robust support to Dr. Jones and they work collectively to promote a strong sense of collegiality.
There is a bond of trust formed between the AVP and the senior directors in student health & wellbeing and the entire team is moving forward together to enact strategic initiatives.
The student health & wellbeing area is student-centered, students recognize this person and understand their role on campus, and they are proactively involved in the student culture on campus.
Access, cost, quality, and experience metrics are high and improving.
Cessation of smoking (health district) initiative is continuing and is reinforced and the new AVP is a champion for this endeavor.
Morale in the departments of student health & wellbeing is high and the whole area is in a period of growth and improvement.
a positive, optimistic, energetic, and enthusiastic attitude.
Our student affairs professionals are committed to enhancing the student experience and advancing student success by providing those activities, leadership opportunities, services, and guidance necessary to support the rigorous academic learning environment at UAB. We have a responsibility to contribute to students’ educational achievement while equipping them to serve as leaders in a global society. Additionally, the services we provide help remove barriers that inhibit students from performing well academically.
By engaging students in learning and self-discovery beyond the classroom, we intend to help students develop values and ethical standards, foster an environment of cultural humility, establish educational partnerships that enhance student learning, and build safe and inclusive communities necessary for student success.
Some of our important services include campus recreation, counseling, career development services, health services, housing, leadership, dining services and student advocacy. Our expertise centers around the highest standards, high impact practices, reducing barriers to student success, and promoting safety and wellness across departments, divisions, and the community.
As we embark in preparing the future generations of employees, caregivers, leaders, and researchers for life beyond graduation, the co-curricular opportunities provided by student affairs are both necessary and valuable. Current research and trends suggest that the effort placed on establishing and encouraging student learning in and out of the classroom – in some cases over instruction – is the best way to ensure students’ passion for lifelong learning.
Underlying the practice of student affairs are a number of core values centered on the students’ holistic development and maturation. These values include student centeredness, student advocacy, empowering students to create positive change, collaboration, accountability, and integrity. In carrying out our values, we will improve student engagement, retention, and persistence to graduation.
Dr. John Jones was named vice president for student affairs in June 2015. Dr. Jones provides leadership and direction to the Division of Student Affairs, which consists of Campus Dining, Campus Recreation, Career and Professional Development, Disability Support Services, Hill Student Center, Housing & Residence Life, Marketing & Communications, Parent & Family Services, Student Conduct, Student Counseling Services, Student Health Services, Student Involvement & Leadership, Student Media, Student Multicultural & Diversity Programs, Student Outreach, Title IX, Veteran Services, and Wellness Promotions.
Dr. Jones earned his PhD in higher education administration from the University of Iowa and joined University of North Carolina-Pembroke (UNCP) in 2013 as vice chancellor for Student Affairs, promoting student learning and personal growth by providing strategic leadership and vision for programs, services, and opportunities that encourage student success.
Prior to UNCP, Dr. Jones worked in college administration at Purdue University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and Northern Illinois University. He has served on the board of directors for the Association for Student Conduct Administration, the Madame Walker Urban Life Center in Indianapolis, and the Center for Academic Integrity. Dr. Jones also served in the Army National Guard for 18 years.
The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) traces its roots to the 1859 founding of the Medical College of Alabama and the 1936 opening of the Birmingham Extension Center of the University of Alabama. In 1945 the Medical College of Alabama was moved from Tuscaloosa and the University’s Medical Center was founded in Birmingham. In 1954 the Extension Center was moved to a newly constructed facility adjacent to the Medical Center, bringing together for the first time the University’s two academic components in Birmingham. Later, in November of 1966, the Extension Center and the Medical Center were administratively merged to form the “University of Alabama in Birmingham,” an organizational component of the University of Alabama (in Tuscaloosa). In 1969 UAB became an independent institution, one of the autonomous universities within the newly created three-campus University of Alabama System.
Today, UAB is a comprehensive urban university with a nationally recognized academic health center. UAB is the only public, four-year degree granting university in the state’s largest metropolitan area. UAB is the largest research institution in the state of Alabama and is the largest single employer in the state.
UAB is located in the Southside neighborhood of downtown Birmingham. Spanning around 83 blocks, the UAB campus blends with the urban character of the Southside. The campus is rectangular in shape with University Boulevard serving as the main axis of the rectangle and Campus Green serving as the center of the campus.
The campus can be divided into three sections. The medical center occupies most of the campus east of Campus Green. The medical center is home to health science schools and their teaching facilities, including the UAB Health System (UABHS). The medical center overlaps with the larger Birmingham Medical District where, in addition to UABHS, non-UAB affiliated hospitals such as the VA Medical Center Birmingham, Children’s Hospital of Alabama, and Cooper Green Mercy Hospital are located.
Birmingham is a city located in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama. With an estimated 2017 population of 210,710, it is the most populous city in Alabama. Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County, Alabama’s most populous and fifth largest county. As of 2017, the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,149,807, making it the most populous in Alabama and 49th-most populous in the United States. Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South, Piedmont, and Appalachian regions of the nation.
Birmingham was founded in 1871, during the post-Civil War Reconstruction era, through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns, most notably Elyton. The new city was named for Birmingham, England, the UK’s second largest city and, at the time, a major industrial city. The Alabama city annexed smaller neighbors and developed as an industrial center, based on mining, the new iron and steel industry, and rail transport. Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry. The city was developed as a place where cheap, non-unionized immigrant labor (primarily Irish and Italian), along with African-American labor from rural Alabama, could be employed in the city’s steel mills and blast furnaces, giving it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast.
From its founding through the end of the 1960s, Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the southern United States. Its growth from 1881 through 1920 earned it nicknames such as “The Magic City” and “The Pittsburgh of the South”. Its major industries were iron and steel production. Major components of the railroad industry, rails and railroad cars, were manufactured in Birmingham. Since the 1860s, the two primary hubs of railroading in the “Deep South” have been Birmingham and Atlanta. The economy diversified in the latter half of the 20th century. Banking, telecommunications, transportation, electrical power transmission, medical care, college education, and insurance have become major economic activities. Birmingham ranks as one of the largest banking centers in the U.S. Also, it is among the most important business centers in the Southeast.
In higher education, Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama School of Medicine (formerly the Medical College of Alabama) and the University of Alabama School of Dentistry since 1947. In 1969 it gained the University of Alabama at Birmingham, one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama System. It is home to three private institutions: Samford University, Birmingham-Southern College, and Miles College. The Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine, dentistry, optometry, physical therapy, pharmacy, law, engineering, and nursing. The city has three of the state’s five law schools: Cumberland School of Law, Birmingham School of Law, and Miles Law School. Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southwestern Athletic Conference and the Southeastern Conference, one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences.
At UAB, we have never settled on merely finding what’s next—we have helped build the future through new ideas and initiatives in the classroom, the laboratory, the studio, and the clinic. UAB’s vision, mission, and shared values provide a foundation for the strategic plan, Forging the Future.
Excellence and achievement – We constantly innovate, solve problems, and improve ourselves and others through learning.
The coming decade presents us with opportunities and challenges. How should we build on our strong foundation in order to meet them? Forging the Future, UAB’s strategic plan for the next five years of growth, offers a blueprint.
Strategic Objective 1: Strengthen and expand innovative academic programs to enhance UAB’s national and global reputation.
Activity 1:Create a centralized system to support existing and new telehealth programs at UAB.
Activity 2:Develop a network of partnerships across the state to enhance patient access.
Ray L. Watts, MD, UAB’s seventh president, has demonstrated visionary leadership in education, research and patient care throughout his career.
Dr. Watts was named president of UAB in February 2013 by unanimous vote of the Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama System. He initiated and is leading UAB’s most comprehensive-ever strategic planning process with campus- and community-wide partnership. During his tenure, UAB has made tremendous strides in all areas of its mission, including record enrollment and development of novel academic programs, record research funding and the university’s international competitiveness, impactful service to the local and global community, and construction of new state-of-the-art facilities and campus beautification as part of the UAB Campus Master Plan.
Review of applications will begin immediately, and continue until the position is filled; position review date is Wednesday, April 24, 2019. To apply for this position please click on the Apply button, complete the brief application process, and upload your resume and position-specific cover letter. Nominations for this position may be emailed to J. Scott Derrick at [email protected]. Applicants needing reasonable accommodation to participate in the application process should contact Spelman Johnson at 413-529-2895. | 2019-04-25T12:15:30Z | https://www.spelmanandjohnson.com/position/assistant-vice-president-for-student-health-wellbeing/ |
The invention relates to a method of transmission and reception of data, a transmission system for the transmission and reception of data, a transmitting section and receiving section for such a system.
A method and system of this kind is known from the book "Error correction coding for digital communications" by G.C. Clark and J.B. Cain, Plenum Press New York, 1981, sections 8.5 and 8.3.2.
The cited book describes a system which is intended to counteract jamming. This is achieved by a spread spectrum technique, which involves greatly expanding the transmit spectrum relative to the data rate. The idea is that this forces the jammer to deploy his power over a much wider bandwidth than would be necessary for an unspread spectrum.
The anti-jamming system modulates the information successively at different frequencies. As a function of time, the frequency "hops" from one frequency channel to another. To protect against jammed channels the information is encoded in an error correction code prior to modulation. In addition, the encoded information is interleaved: the time sequential order in which the data-items are modulated is permuted with respect to the order in which they succeed each other in the error protection code. In the prior art technique, interleaving serves to make the anti-jamming system more robust against pulses that jam all frequency channels for part of the time.
The described system makes very inefficient use of the frequencies available. This forces the jammer to deploy his power over a much wider bandwidth and is therefore essential for anti-jamming as described in the book by G.C. Clark and J.B. Cain.
US 4,394,642 discloses an interleaver and de-interleaver in which successive blocks of data are written into an interleaver memory and read out in a different order. In one example the data bits are read into the interleaver memory in a sequential order and read out in an order determined from addresses stored in a read only memory. The addresses form a quasi random pattern. In another example, the bits of data of the blocks are written into memory and read out of memory using addresses which are generated alternately from the quasi random memory addresses and the sequential addresses so that bits from one block can be read out of the interleaver memory as the bits from the next block are written into the interleaver memory.
EP 0578313 discloses a multi-carrier modulation communication system in which data bits are encoded and mapped onto modulation symbols. The modulation symbols ate then interleaved before being transmitted on one of a number of narrow band carrier frequency signals.
It is inter alia an object of the invention to apply pseudo random interleaving to applications which make more efficient use of the frequencies available.
It is a further object of the invention to provide for multichannel broadcasting which is robust against degradation due to multipath transmission and which makes efficient use of the frequencies available.
characterized in that the de-interleaving comprises writing the received data-items into locations in a memory in an order of writing, and reading the data-items in a de-interleaved order of reading, de-interleaving being performed in successive versions of a basic cycle, the data-items for a version of the basic cycle being written in the locations as the locations become available on reading for a directly preceding version of the basic cycle, the order of writing the data-items in successive cycles being alternately an order of locations with monotonously ascending or descending addresses and an order with addresses permuted according to a pseudo random function, the data-items being interleaved so as to provide an inverse of the de-interleaving. As a result of the simultaneous transmission of information in a number of frequency channels, the frequencies available are efficiently used. The invention addresses the problem of transmission channels that may suffer from multipath transmission rather than from jamming. In the case of wireless broadcasting, for example indirect transmission may occur in addition to direct transmission of electromagnetic radiation, for example due to reflection of the radiation by a building. It has been found that this often leads to variations in the receivability of the various frequency channels. Moreover, it has been found that this variation is often periodic, i.e. it recurs as a function of the frequency after a number of channels. The recurrent period is dependent on the receiving conditions and, generally speaking, it cannot be predicted.
The use of pseudo-random interleaving prevents multipath transmission from causing burst errors that are so long that they cannot be corrected.
Thus, interleaving is performed by writing data items into a memory and by subsequently reading the data items therefrom in a different order. New data is then written into memory locations vacated by reading before all other locations have been read, which makes it possible to save memory space. For monotonously ascending address series this is known per se from US 5,151,976 . The invention, however, applies this operation to the writing according to a pseudo- random sequence. Despite the fact that such a pseudo-random sequence is far more complex than a monotonous series, it has been found that notably the use of direct writing after reading with random sequences can be used for interleaving.
In an embodiment of the method of the invention the memory addresses are selected alternately as a monotonously ascending or descending order and as the pseudo random function of that order. By using only two different series of addresses in an alternating fashion, interleaving is simplified.
n being the position of a particular data-item in the second order, Xn being the address from which that particular data-item is read, M being the number of selectable memory locations, a and c being a factor and a summand for a linear congruential sequence respectively, the combination of the factor and the summand used being changed for each version of the basic cycle. The factor a and summand c for linear congruential sequences are such that c is a relative prime with respect to M, a-1 is a multiple of all primes factors of M, and a-1 is a multiple of 4 if m is a multiple of 4. This provides for a simple way of generating the addresses. In particular it has been found that, when all "a" used for different versions are such that the square of (a-1) is divisible by M, it is ensured that all orders of addresses which are successively required to read data-item that have been written in the order of locations in which the preceding data-items have been read, can always be generated in correspondence with this formula.
The invention also related to a method of receiving data, and to a system for applying the method and its components, to which similar measures can be applied mutatis mutandis to obtain similar advantages.
Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of an address generator.
Fig. 1 shows a transmission system. It comprises a cascade connection of successively an encoder 10, an interleaver 12, a modulator 14, a transmission channel, a demodulator 16, a de-interleaver 18 and a decoder 20.
During use data is presented to an input of the encoder 10. The encoder 10 encodes this data in an error correction code. Any known error correction code, for example a convolution code, can be used for this purpose. The encoded data is composed of, for example blocks, each of which contains a logic succession of bits.
The decoder 20 corresponds to the encoder 10 and corrects bit errors incurred during transmission from the encoder 10 to the decoder 20. The error correction code is such that bit errors which occur distributed throughout the logic succession can be readily corrected. Burst errors, where a number of successive bits in the logic succession are incorrect, can be less readily corrected when they are too long.
The modulator 14 produces a signal with a number of frequency channels which are simultaneously transmitted. The bits of each block are distributed among a number of groups. Each group corresponds to a frequency channel and the information of the bits in a group is transmitted in the corresponding frequency channel. This can be realised, for example by interpreting the bits of each group as a number, by arranging these numbers in a series and making an FFT (fast Fourier transform) of the series. The result of the FFT is subsequently transmitted via the transmission channel, for example a wireless terrestrial broadcast channel. FFT and transmission are repeated for successive blocks. This corresponds to the known OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) technique.
The demodulator 16 corresponds to the modulator 14. The demodulator receives the various frequency channels simultaneously and reconstructs the groups of bits transmitted in a respective frequency channel. According to the OFDM technique, this is performed, for example by making an inverse FFT of the signal received and by reconstructing the numbers and hence the groups therefrom.
The interleaver 12 serves to ensure that bits which are directly adjacent in the logic succession are substantially always modulated in different frequency channels. The spacing of these channels (in terms of channels with intermediate frequencies) is preferably larger than zero, so that adjacent bits will enter non-adjacent channels. This serves to ensure that a disturbance of a single channel, or of a number of neighbouring channels, does not lead to burst errors in the logic succession.
The de-interleaver 18 corresponds to the interleaver 12 and performs the reverse operation, so that the logic succession is reconstructed in terms of order (i.e. except for bit errors) before being presented to the decoder 20.
The interleaver 12 places every adjacent pair of bits, which succeed one another in the logic succession, at a respective distance, amounting to a number of channels, from one another. The respective distances have different values and it is ensured that the various distances occur approximately equally frequently. As a result, the system is robust to disturbances of the transmission channel which lead to poor reception in a periodic system of frequency channels (in this context a periodic system is to be understood to mean a system in which the poor reception recurs as a function of the frequency each time after the same number of channels).
All other pairs of bits which are so near to one another that a simultaneous error in the bits of such a pair could give rise to burst problems are also placed at a respective distance of a number of channels from one another. These respective distances preferably also have different values and it is ensured that these different distances occur approximately equally frequently.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of an interleaver, this device is also suitable as a de-interleaver. The interleaver of Fig. 2 comprises a data input 42 which is coupled, via a multiplexer 34, to respective data inputs/outputs of a first and a second memory 30, 32. The data inputs/outputs of the memories 30, 32 are also coupled, via the multiplexer 34, to an output 44 of the interleaver.
The interleaver also comprises a clock input 37, coupled to clock inputs of a first and a second address generator 38, 40. The output of each of the address generators is coupled to a further multiplexer 36. The outputs of the further multiplexer 36 are coupled to a respective address input of the first and the second memory 38, 40.
During operation the interleaver is switched to and fro between two modes. In a first mode the multiplexer 34 couples the input 42 to the data input of the first memory 30 and the output 44 to the data output of the second memory 32. Furthermore, the further multiplexer 36 couples the output of the first address generator to the address input of the first memory 30 and the output of the second address generator 40 to the address input of the second memory 32. In the second mode the roles of the first and the second memory 30, 32 are reversed in comparison with the first mode.
The first address generator 38 generates a clocked first series of addresses. The various data items presented to the input 42 during successive clock cycles are written at these addresses. Data is read from the second memory 32 in a similar manner, addressed by a second series of addresses from the second address generator, and applied to the output 44. The first and the second series of addresses deviate from one another, resulting in interleaving.
The first series of addresses is, for example a monotonously ascending series (1, 2, 3 ...) and the second series of addresses is a pseudo-random series, for example a series in which a respective difference exists between each pair of directly successively generated addresses; these respective differences have various values and it is ensured that the various values occur approximately equally frequently. The differences correspond to the distances between the frequency channels in which successive bits of the logic succession are arranged.
The corresponding de-interleaver has the same structure as shown in Fig. 2, be it that the first address generator of the de-interleaver generates the same address series as the second address generator of the interleaver and vice versa.
These addresses can be obtained by multiplication and addition, without utilizing a ROM. A further alternative consists in the use of an LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register).
Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of an interleaver. This embodiment comprises only one memory 56. The input and the output of the interleaver are coupled to a data input and a data output, respectively, of this memory 56. The interleaver also comprises a clock input 50 which is coupled to an address generator 54. An output of the address generator 54 is coupled to an address input of the memory 56. The clock input 50 is also coupled, via a read/write control unit 52, to a read/write control input of the memory.
The address generator 54 generates a series of addresses during operation. For each address a first data item is read from the memory 56 so as to be applied to the output; subsequently, the read/write control circuit switches the memory to the write mode and a data item originating from the input is written into the memory at the same address.
The address generator 54 each time generates such a series of addresses. Each series contains substantially the same addresses. The order in which the addresses succeed one another in directly successive series, however, differs each time. For example, alternately a pseudo-random series (X1, X2, X3 ... xn) and a normal monotonously ascending series (1, 2, 3 ... N) can be taken. This results in interleaving with a substantially uniform distribution of the differences between successive addresses.
By using only two different series of addresses in an alternating fashion, deinterleaving is simplified (same two series, so that each time the data items are written in the de-interleaver in memory locations which correspond to the locations wherefrom they have been read in the interleaver). However, this approach has the drawback that the method of interleaving is often repeated, so that the transmission system becomes susceptible to systematic disturbances.
Therefore, as an attractive alternative it is possible to use more than two different series and to repeat the pattern of series of addresses used only after more than two complete series. To this end, for broadcast applications a linear congruential sequence is preferably used at the receiving side in the de-interleaver, because such a sequence can be simply implemented. At the transmission side, for example an interleaver comprising a ROM is then used, the ROM containing the inverse permutation of what the de-interleaver contains at the receiving side. Given the permutation realised by the interleaver, this inverse permutation can be calculated, for example numerically. If a recurrent pattern of mutually different series of addresses is used in the de-interleaver, including a monotonously ascending series (1, 2, 3), this inverse permutation requires only a limited amount of space in the memory ROM.
When different address series are used, a synchronization signal is desirable between the receiving side and the transmission side, so that the de-interleaver can start the pattern of series of addresses in the correct phase (so as to serve as the inverse of the interleaver). For this purpose use is preferably made of a transmitted synchronization signal which also serves to mark header information for the further processing of the encoded symbol.
Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of an address generator 54 for use in an interleaver as shown in Fig. 2 or 3. The address generator 54 comprises a register 60, an output of which is coupled to the output of the address generator and to a first multiplicand multiplier 62. The output of the multiplier 62 is coupled to a first summand input of an adder 64. The output of the adder 64 is coupled to an input of the register 60. The address generator comprises a factor memory 63 and a summand memory 65 which are coupled, by way of an output, to a second multiplicand input of the multiplier 62 and to a second summand input of the adder 64, respectively.
where M is the length of the address series. The factor "a" and the summand "c" are derived from the factor memory 63 and the summand memory 65, respectively. Between successive series the memories 63, 65 receive signals, whereby another factor and/or summand is applied to the multiplier and the adder, so that subsequently a different series is generated. In one of the series, for example a=1 and c=1, resulting in a monotonously ascending series. In the other series a is then unequal to 1 and is chosen, in a manner which is known per se, so as to generate a pseudo-random sequence (c relative prime with respect to M, a-1 is a multiple of p for all primes p sharing M (e.g. if M=45=3*3*5 then a-1 must be a multiple of both 3 and 5) and a-1 is a multiple of 4 if M is a multiple of 4).
By storing a number of different usable values of a and c, a corresponding number of different series of addresses can be generated.
Preferably, the "a" values are selected only such that (a-1) squared is divisible by "M", i.e. such that (a-1) contains each prime factor of m at least half as many times as "M" itself (for example when M=675=3*3*3*5*5, (a-1) could be 45=3*3*5, in general large M values with several prime factors are required: of the M values of 1 to 20 only M=8, 9, 12, 16, 18 qualify). It can be proven that, when only "a" values having the property that the square of (a-1) is divisble by M are used for generating the addresses, any pseudo random permutation of the bits described by the formula Xn+1= (a Xn + c) mod M can be realized with an "a" value that also satisfies this condition. Also it has been found that both the addresses for interleaving and deinterleaving can then be realized with such pseudo random permutations in that case. Hence no address ROM is needed. It has been found that this is true only when the square of (a-1) is divisible by M. In this case the addresses need not be calculated by actually calulating the formula Xn+1= (a Xn + c) mod M. In stead, one may use Xn+1= Xn+vn mod m; vn+1= vn+d mod m, with d=c(a-1), and v0 initialized to (a-1)Xo+c. (For example, when M=100(=2*2*5*5), "a" may be chosen as 21 (a-1=4≠5) and c=1).
When the modulus M with which the multiplier and adder operate is made adjustable, the interleaver/de-interleaver can be simply switched between different block lengths.
Evidently, the invention is not restricted to the embodiments given. For example, instead of operating with bits it is also possible to operate with larger symbols, for as long as the error correction code is capable of correcting random and isolated errors in these symbols better than random errors in the form of a burst.
Furthermore, the logic succession of bits produced by the encoder is not necessarily a temporal succession. Bits are "logically successive" if simultaneous errors in these bits can be corrected less readily than simultaneous errors in "non-logically successive" bits.
The inner frequency interleaving is a pseudo-random bit interleaving. The interleaving is on a block basis, i.e., the bits in each OFDM symbol are permuted in a fixed way such that bursts are randomized. However, bits of a given OFDM symbol are not mixed with bits originating from any other OFDM symbol.
In a practical example, an OFDM symbol consists of N useful subcarriers, where N equals 6361 or 5937, that each contain 2,4 or 6 bits of information. The task of the interleaver is to decorrelate the bits at the input of a Viterbi detector.
The (de)interleaver consists of a memory (RAM) having the size of 8 times 8192 bit and an addressing unit. The addressing unit generates a 16 bit address that can be distinguished in 3 lsb bits and 13 msb bits. The 13 msb bits determine a particular subchannel, while the 3 1sb bits determine which bit from a given subchannel. Each time as the RAM is addressed, the contents are read and put forward to the downstreamdecoder and the next bit at the input is written in the current location. At each cycle, all relevant locations must be addressed. The three 1sb bits periodically go through relevant states (dependent on the number of bits per symbol), while the 13 msb bits are generated by an algorithm producing all relevant addresses in a special sequence.
Since 6361 is prime and 5937 is divisible by three, the Isb addresses can be generated in pairs, an algorithm is defined that works for 2 bits of information per subcarrier and this algorithm is used 1, 2 or 3 times dependent on the number of bits per symbol, each time with a different fixed offset on the 1sb. In this way it is assured that all bits will be addressed under all circumstances before the addressing unit will be in the same state.
ct = ct-1 * c0 mod N, where c0 is a judiciously chosen initial increment that corresponds to the actually realized interleave depth.
In summary, the invention relates to a transmission system, which comprises an encoder, an interleaver, a modulator, a transmission channel, a demodulator a deinterleaver and a decoder. The encoder is used for encoding a data block in an error correction code containing a logic succession of data items. The decoder is used for correcting errors in the transmission between the encoder and the decoder. The error correction code is more robust to errors which occur simultaneously and in an isolated fashion in the logic succession than to errors which occur simultaneously and in the form of a burst therein. The modulator is used for generating a signal which comprises a number of frequency channels to be transmitted simultaneously, each of the frequency channels corresponding to a group which comprises at least one of the data items and is modulated in the respective channel. The transmission channel is located between the modulator and the demodulator. The demodulator reconstructs the groups and applies the groups to the decoder. The interleaver distributes the data items between the groups and introduces a pseudo-random relationship between the logic succession and the distribution between the successive frequency channels. The de-interleaver reconstructs the logic succession from the groups reconstructed by the demodulator, before presentation to the decoder.
This transmission system can be improved when the interleaver and/or the deinterleaver realise the distribution by way of a non-monotonous linear congruential sequence.
The transmission system can be further improved when the interleaver and/or the de-interleaver are provided with a memory for the data items and with write and read means, the write means writing each time a data item in a location of the memory which has just been read before the read means read a data item from a next location of the memory, and in which an order of locations in which the logic succession is written differs for successive logic successions.
A further improvement concerns a transmission system in which the orders are periodically recurrent with a period of at least two blocks in which one monotonously ascending or descending order occurs. Also the write and/or read means may comprise an address generator which is arranged to form a linear congruential sequence with a factor and a summand, and also arranged to replace the factor and/or the summand from one block to another.
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the transmitting section according to the invention. The transmitting section contains a data bus 70 and a address bus 71 connecting a memory 72, a processor 76 and a transmitter 78. An encoder 74 is coupled to the data bus 70. The encoder 74 is coupled to the address bus 71 via an address generation unit 75.
In operation, the encoder 74 receives the data block and encodes it as a succession of bits. Each successive bit is fed to the data bus 70, and the presence of the bit is signalled to the address generator 75. The address generator 75 generates a respective address for each successive bit according to the pseudo random sequence. The address indicates both a word location in the memory 72 and a bit location within the word location. The word location corresponds to the group to which the bit is assigned, and the bit location corresponds to the location of the bit within the group. The address generator 75 ensures that bits which are logically adjacent are substantially always stored in different word locations. The spacing of these word locations is preferably larger than zero, so that logically adjacent bits will enter non-adjacent word locations.
The address is applied to the data bus and the bit is stored in the memory 72 at a location that corresponds to the address generated for it by the address generator 75. When the entire data block has thus been encoded in the error protecting code, and stored in the memory 72, the processor 76 is started. The processor 76 computes the FFT of the words stored in memory 72. For this purpose, it reads the words each time as they are needed for the FFT algorithm. For this purpose a known FFT algorithm can be used, which addresses the word locations of the memory 72 in a normal way, i.e. without requiring knowledge of the interleaving process. Because the bits which are logically adjacent have substantially always stored in different word locations, these adjacent bits are modulated in different frequency channels in the result of the FFT. This result is subsequently read by the transmitter 78 and transmitted via the transmission channel (not shown).
A structure similar to that of Fig. 5 can be used for the receiving section, with a receiver replacing the transmitter 78 and a decoder replacing encoder 74. In this case the receiver writes words into memory 72 and the processor 76 performs an FFT on this words. Address generator 75 effects the pseudo random interleaving, issuing successive word/bit address pairs to read out the results of the FFT bit by bit for error correction by the decoder.
a modulator (14) arranged in operation to modulate the interleaved data-items onto the number of simultaneously active frequency channels for transmission via the transmission channel, wherein the interleaver includes an address generator, the address generator being arranged to generate the addresses using a linear feedback shift register.
an encoder (10) for encoding the data in each version of the basic cycle into a respective logic succession of data-items in an error correction code which is more robust against errors that are separate from each other than against errors that occur in a burst in the respective logic succession.
A transmitting apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the modulator (14) is configured to generate a signal comprising the number of frequency channels the data-items for a version of the basic cycle being modulated in respective ones of the frequency channels that are simultaneously active.
interleaver (12) is arranged to select for each particular data-item a particular frequency channel dependent on a particular position of the data-item in its logic succession; the modulator (14) being arranged to modulate each frequency channel of the signal in dependence on at least a respective one of the data items, the particular data item being modulated at the particular frequency channel.
A transmitting apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the interleaver (12) includes an address generator for generating the addresses of the memory the order of the addresses being permuted according to the pseudo random function.
the data-items for a version of the basic cycle being written in the locations, the order of writing the data-items in successive cycles being an order of locations with monotonously ascending or descending addresses and an order with addresses permuted according to a pseudo random function, the data-items being interleaved so as to provide an inverse of the de-interleaving, wherein the de-interleaver includes an address generator, the address generator being arranged to generate the addresses using a linear feedback shift register.
a decoder for decoding the data-items received according to the error correcting code applied to the logic sequence as obtained by the de-interleaver (18, 52, 54, 56).
reading means for reading the data items for that particular version from the memory in an order of reading addresses for the particular version, permuted according to a pseudo random function with respect to the order writing addresses for the particular version, the writing means writing the data-items of the particular version at addresses as these addresses come available during reading of the data items of a directly preceding version of the basic cycle.
A receiving apparatus as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the de-interleaver includes an address generating means (52, 54) for generating the orders of writing and reading addresses, the order of reading addresses in the particular version of the basic cycle being permuted with respect to the order of reading addresses used in a directly preceding version of the basic cycle according to the pseudo random function, the pseudo random function being particular to the version of the basic cycle; the address generating means generating the order of reading and writing addresses periodically, each order of reading addresses recurring each time after a period of exactly two versions of the basic cycle, the order of reading addresses being alternately a monotonously ascending or descending order of addresses and an order in which the addresses for reading are permuted according to the pseudo random function.
modulating the interleaved data-items onto the number of simultaneously active frequency channels for transmission via the transmission channel, the interleaving including generating the addresses using a linear feedback shift register.
A method of transmitting as claimed in Claim 10, comprising encoding the data in each version of the basic cycle into a respective logic succession of data-items in accordance with an error correction code which is more robust against errors that are separate from each other than against errors that occur in a burst in the respective logic succession.
generating a signal comprising the number of frequency channels the data-items for a version of the basic cycle being modulated in respective ones of the frequency channels that are simultaneously active.
modulating each frequency channel of the signal in dependence on at least a respective one of the data items, the particular data item modulating the particular frequency channel.
generating the addresses permuted according to the pseudo random function by using a linear feedback shift register.
decoding the data-items received according to the error correcting code applied to the logic sequence as obtained by the de-interleaver (18, 52, 54, 56). | 2019-04-25T00:35:20Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/EP2302805B1/en |
Playing a healer isn’t all that much different than playing as a non-healer. You’ll still cast similar spells while you’re solo questing, and overall you’ll notice very little difference. The only real difference is that your talent points are going to help you better survive and better keep your companions alive as opposed to making you deal more damage. So instead of killing a group of mobs in 10 seconds, might take you 12-14 seconds instead.
Once you step out of the realm of solo play and into grouping your experience will change a bit because your primary focus shifts towards keeping everyone in your group alive rather than trying to kill things. That’s not to say you can’t help them kill the mobs you’re facing, which you should do if there’s no need for your heals, you just have a change in priority.
The key to healing is understanding your resources and the taxation on them. As a Sage your resource is called Force, and you have a total of 500. A talent exists in one of the damaging trees that will increase your total to 550 for one point or 600 with two points, but otherwise there is no way to increase your resources beyond 500. Your spells will range in cost from 20 Force to 65 Force (at this level range), and you regenerate Force at a rate of 8 Force per second. If math really isn’t your thing, don’t worry about it, but if you like to know the numbers behind the class then there’s your starting point.
In order to heal effectively you need to know how much healing each of your spells is capable of, how much Force they cost to cast, and how much time it takes to cast them. Those three things are what determines how useful each individual spell actually is. I’ll get to that in just a moment, but first let’s take a look at what spells you have.
This list is only going to include the spells that particularly important for your healing. As I mentioned at the beginning of this post, as I’ve already covered DPS leveling you can refer to that post if you would like information regarding rotations and which spells to use when and how. So this list will include your heals, obviously, but also spells that can perform a specific function for you while healing that’s important for leveling as a spec that has no damage buffs.
Force Armor/Static Barrier (14): Surrounds the target in a Force shield that absorbs a high amount of damage and lasts 30 seconds. Protected targets become Force-Imbalanced and cannot benefit from Force Armor again for 20 seconds.
Mind Crush/Crushing Darkness (14): Crushes the target’s mind with the Force, instantly dealing kinetic damage and additional kinetic damage over 6 seconds.
Weaken Mind/Affliction (16): Weakens the target’s mind, dealing internal damage over 15 seconds.
Force Speed/Force Speed (16): Increases your movement speed by 150% for 2 seconds. Does not break stealth.
Mind Snap/Jolt (18): Interrupts the target’s current action and prevents that ability from being used for 4 seconds.
Noble Sacrifice/Consumption (20): Sacrifices 15% of your maximum health to restore 8% of your maximum Force. Each time this ability is used, your Force regeneration rate is reduced by 25% for the next 10 seconds. Stacks up to 4 times.
Rejuvenate/Resurgence (Lv 20 Talent): Immediately heals the target for an amount, plus an additional amount over 9 seconds.
Benevolence is the first heal you receive, and one of the worst heals you’ll ever have. That’s not to say it doesn’t have its uses, but it’s not one that you’ll cast with any amount of frequency once you get another option. This spell costs 50 Force, has a 1.5 second cast time, no cooldown, and heals for a fairly small amount.
Deliverance is your bread and butter healing spell. It costs 55 Force, has a default cast time of 3 seconds (2.5 w/ talents), no cooldown, and heals for a significant amount. For 5 more Force and one extra second worth of cast time, this spell will heal for roughly twice as much as Benevolence, which is why it’s so much better. Soon after level 20 you’ll also get another talent to help with that cast time to make it even better.
Force Armor is a “bubble” which means it absorbs damage that the target would have taken until it reaches its limit and is then removed. This spell has your highest base cost at 65 Force (35 Force with higher level talents), an instant cast time, a default 4.5 second cooldown (1.5 seconds with later talents), and absorbs a “high” amount of damage. Force Armor is also unique in that it applies a debuff to the target that makes them immune to Force Armor for 20 seconds so it prevents you from spamming bubbles on a single target over and over.
Rejuvenate is a healing spell that also contains a heal over time (HoT) effect to it, and it will soon become the single-most important spell because of how other talents interact with it (I’ll get to the details in the 20-40 guide). Rejuvenate costs 30 Force, has an instant cast time, a 6 second cooldown, and heals for a decent amount.
Mind Crush and Weaken Mind belong in the same listing here because of what they are – damage over time (DoT) spells. As a healer, you’re lacking a lot of the killing power that other specs have, but DoT’s allow you to deal damage to several targets at once without having to waste time casting the damage spells which allows you to spend cast time on your heals instead. If you find yourself facing tough enemies, one of your best tactics as a healer is to cast your DoT’s on them and then start running away and stopping only to heal yourself or reapply your DoT’s. This tactic is called “kiting” and I can go into more detail in a later post if anyone needs me to.
When DoT kiting you don’t want to run away in a straight line, you want to run in circles and abuse terrain and structures to keep distance between you so that they can’t hit you with melee attack, and break their line of sight so that they can’t use ranged attacks on you either. When your DoT’s wear off, simply reapply them and then take off running again.
Mind Snap is an interrupt spell, used to cancel a spell that’s being cast by an enemy. I mention this first because as a 30 meter ranged interrupt it’s one of the best in the game so you should be familiar with it, and second because one of the best ways heal damage is to not let it happen in the first place. If an enemy is casting a spell that you know is going to deal high damage or they’re casting a crowd control spell on you, your companion or a party member then you can use this to stop the spell from happening and preventing it from being cast again for 4 seconds. Experience will teach you which spells are worth interrupting and which you can ignore.
Force Speed increases your speed by 150% for 2 seconds (which is 40% faster than the fastest mount in the game right now, btw). There are countless ways that this spell is useful, but the main reason I wanted to mention it is for the same reason that I mentioned the DoT spells and Mind Snap up above – it’s fantastic for kiting, and getting out of your enemies’ attack range is a great way to prevent damage from happening to you in the first place. It’s also good for group play if you have members of your party/raid that have moved out of your healing range so that you can quickly reposition yourself to be able to reach whoever is in need of a heal.
Noble Sacrifice is a spell you definitely need to be aware of. Casting it sacrifices 15% of your health in order to restore 8% of your Force. At this level, casting this spell is a bad idea unless you absolutely NEED the Force it gives you. As you get higher in level you’ll get talents that reduce the amount of health you have to sacrifice as well as a proc that removes the health sacrifice all together. So keep it in mind and remember it’s there to be used, but be cautious for right now of casting it without a literal need. It’s also important to note that casting this applies a 10 second debuff on yourself that reduces your Force regeneration by 25%, and this debuff stacks up to 4 times which means a full stack will completely remove your Force regeneration for 10 seconds.
If you need the Force to keep people alive, then by all means use this. Also, if you’re not taking any damage at all and not in any threat of taking damage, then go ahead and use it. Keeping people alive is your job, and if sacrificing some of your health in order to heal someone else is required then so be it. Just keep in mind that if you die because of using this then nobody is getting heals regardless.
This is the section where I normally like to talk about rotations and such, but healing doesn’t have an actual rotation so I’ll discuss how to heal in just a moment. I’ll go ahead and talk about your damage rotation while you’re questing, but first I want to address something that’s bothered me about so many other guides I’ve seen out there for people talking about leveling this class.
Time and time again I see Sage/Sorc guides say that you should start every build, no matter which tree you’re going to spec into, with your first 5 points spent in Inner Strength/Electric Induction (9% Force cost reduction) and Mental Longevity/Reserves (+100 total Force). I’m here to tell you right now that with the exception of a full Telekinetics/Lightning build I have never put any of my first 5 points into either of those two talents, and I’ve leveled just fine.
I’m not saying that it’s a bad idea for you to put some points in there early on, but I am saying that it’s unnecessary. If you find that you’re constantly running out of Force then the first thing you should do is evaluate which spells you’re casting and whether or not their effect is worth the Force cost to see if maybe you’re not casting the right spells. If everything looks good there, then you may want to consider putting points into those talents to alleviate some of that Force cost.
For example, as a healer you do not want to use Project/Shock in your rotation because it’s damage compared to its Force cost make it a total waste if used for anything other than finishing off a mob that’s close to dying. It’s just like Benevolence/Dark Heal, the cost is just too high for what you get out of it.
This is a simple rotation for taking out the weak mobs. Pull with a cast time spell, follow it with a channel, two more cast times while the channel’s cooldown finishes, then fire it off. You can use Project/Shock here to finish off mobs that are low on health, or you can use Force Wave/Overload to deal AoE damage instead. Some healers also like to keep Saber Strike on their bars since it’s free damage and also regenerates a small amount of Force, and use it as their finishing move instead.
These rotations differ from the others only in the spells that you’re going to start combat with. You want to start by using your 60 second crowd control spell on the toughest target out there to remove them from the equation. Follow that up with Mind Crush/Crushing Darkness and Weaken Mind/Affliction both on the second-toughest target, and then fall into your default rotation. The reason why we start this round with Telek. Throw/Force Lightning instead of Disturbance/Lightning Strike is because we’re already in combat and can’t take advantage of having Dist/LS’s cast time combat-free, so instead we go for instant damage with our channeled spell and then use the cast-time spells while the other is on cooldown.
If you’re solo questing, then it’s also a good idea to cast Force Armor/Static Barrier on yourself and/or your companion before combat begins so that you can focus on the damaging spells once the fight starts instead of having to jump straight into healer mode where you’re dealing no damage at all.
If you have your bubble’s debuff active and you’re taking some damage, then Rejuvenate/Resurgence is your next best bet for keeping yourself healthy while still focusing primarily on damage to kill the mobs. If you need more healing than that, then of course it’s perfectly fine for you to actually cast your healing spells as needed.
Also, always keep in mind that you have some fantastic crowd control spells at your disposal. Force Stun/Electrocute is a nice stun that will give you time to cast a couple of heals freely, Force Wave/Overload is an AoE knockback that can buy you a little time for healing or to run away, and Force Lift/Whirlwind has a cast time on it but it does remove the target from combat completely for up to a minute. And if all else fails, hit your Force Speed and run away until you can either heal safely or the mobs drop combat and reset.
Healing doesn’t have a rotation at all because here’s no consistency in when someone is going to take damage or how much they’re going to take. There is sort of a priority system, but it doesn’t actually come into effect in this level range, so what I’m going to do is explain how and when to use each of your healing spells and a couple of different situations and how you might handle them.
This spell has an incredibly high Force cost compared to how little it actually heals you for. It’s only real benefit is that it has a short cast time, so it can give you a little boost in an emergency when other spells are not available. For this level range, you want to avoid using this spell whenever possible. If you absolutely have to have a heal in the next 1.5 seconds and your bubble isn’t available to be cast on the target, then go ahead and use this spell.
After a few more levels you can use this to top people off when you get a proc that cuts its Force cost in half, so it will eventually be useful for topping people off when you have nothing else to do. Until you get those talents (in the 20-40 range), your main use for this spell is to pad someone’s health who has taken a lot of damage really fast but you’re unable to use your bubble on them, so hopefully a quick heal will provide enough of a buffer that they can take one more hit while you switch to casting Deliverance/Dark Infusion or while your bubble cooldown or debuff clears to allow the bubble to provide a barrier for those larger heals.
This is your main heal now and forever, so you want to get real familiar with this one. It has a 2.5 second cast time after talents, so it’s a little bit slow. Because of that, you’ll want to get a feel for how long that 2.5 seconds really is so that you can judge, based on how quickly your target is taking damage, whether you have time to cast this or if you need to sneak a bubble or other healing spell in first.
In terms of a default rotation, it’s good to be in the habit of casting Rejuvenate/Resurgence before Deliverance/Dark Infusion because of other talents you’ll receive shortly after level 20.
Since bubbles prevent damage from happening at all rather than simply restoring lost health, it is the most effective method of healing out there. Because of that you want to make sure you’re making frequent use of this spell when targets really are taking the damage to warrant its use. It does have the highest Force cost you’ll see until you get your level 40 talent, but it’s a great tool.
There are three ways that you want to utilize this. First, to prevent damage from happening in the first place which gives you time to regen your Force and gives you time for a breather or to reevaluate the situation if needed. Second, it gives you a buffer for your HoT spell to give its full healing to the target because while they’re pseudo-immune to damage the HoT gets to tick away freely. Third, it acts as a buffer to allow you the time to cast a bigger heal (Deliverance) without the target taking more damage during your cast time.
The two things to keep in mind about this spell are its debuff, which prevents the target from having the bubble cast on them again for 20 seconds, and its Force cost. Because it’s the highest cost you have, you don’t want to cast this on people who aren’t going to take enough damage to make it worth the cost. You can spam bubbles on your whole party if you really want to, but if three of your four party members never take any damage then all you’ve really accomplished is wasting 195 Force.
This spell is good right now for a couple of reasons. First, it provides an instant healing effect with an instant cast time, which is great even if the healed amount is low. Second, it provides a heal over time effect which acts similar to a bubble in that sometimes the HoT tick will fall right after damage is taken and it basically works out as though the damage had never occurred.
Having that HoT effect bringing a constant stream of healing in also gives you more time to cast other, bigger heals that have a longer cast time. Waiting on a 2.5 second Deliverance cast isn’t quite so bad when you’ve got a HoT ticking away that’s keeping your target somewhat more stable (hopefully) while the cast time is taking place.
Now we’ll look at a couple of example situations and how you should go about using your spells to handle the situation. Keep in mind that the following information is applicable only for healers up to level 20 as talents from 21+ will significantly impact how you heal.
When your target still has most of their health you don’t need to be too worried just yet, so start off with Deliverance/Dark Infusion, followed by Rejuvenate/Resurgence. This will provide a nice, big heal at the front followed by a HoT that will either help top them off or provide some buffer to keep them nearer to their full health. If Rejuv/Resurg is on cooldown, then use your bubble after your big heal instead.
When your target has taken some pretty big hits you need to be more aggressive in your healing to prevent them from getting to a critical level. Start with Rejuvenate/Resurgence followed by Deliverance/Dark Infusion and follow it up with Force Armor/Static Barrier, and if necessary follow with another Deliverance/Dark Infusion.
If someone is in critical condition and desperately needs healing to prevent them from dying, then it’s time to get serious. Your first priority in this cast is Force Armor/Static Barrier if they don’t have the debuff to prevent it, followed by Rejuvenate/Resurgence and Deliverance/Dark Infusion once or twice to bring them to a more stable level.
If your target does have the Force Imbalance/Deionized debuff on them that prevents your bubble from being cast, you might consider (very carefully) casting Benevolence/Dark Heal first if the debuff is about to wear off of them within the next 2 seconds. If it’s going to be more than 2 seconds before the debuff is gone then you should skip them both and go for Rejuv/Resurg followed by Del/DI casts to get them back up to a reasonable level until you can bubble them again to buy yourself some more time.
At this level range you don’t have a whole lot in the way of emergency healing tools, so your goal is to keep people right around that 70% or higher range. You don’t need to keep people at 100% health at all times, and your Force pool won’t allow you to do that very often anyway. Everyone has a free non-combat ability that refills their health and resource bar, so there’s no reason you should feel a need to top them off when your real job is to keep them alive during combat and they can freely top off themselves after the fighting is over.
I’ve listed these in priority level based on what level they become available to you. So the first two are tier 1, the second two are tier 2 and so forth. Immutable Force is the more important talent in tier 1, but it benefits a spell that you don’t get until level 12, meaning that if you spend your first 2 points on it then you have a talent that currently gives you no benefit. So if you want to get all technical about spending points then you want 1 point in Penetrating Light followed by 2 in Immutable Force and then then 2 more in Penetrating light.
Immutable Force/Dark Mending 2/2: Reduces the activation time of Deliverance/Dark Infusion by 0.5 seconds.
Penetrating Light/Seeping Darkness 3/3: Increase your Force critical chance by 3%.
Foresight/Lucidity 3/3: Reduces the pushback suffered while activating healing abilities by 75% and lowers the threat generated by healing abilities by 15%.
Pain Barrier/Empty Body 2/2: Increases all healing received by 8%.
Rejuvenate/Resurgence 1/1: [Instant cast, 6 second cooldown] Immediately heals a target for an initial amount, plus an additional healing over 9 seconds.
Immutable Force is absolutely critical for a healer because it reduces the cast time of your primary healing spell by 0.5 seconds. That might not sound like a whole lot, but with how much you’re going to cast that spell it’s a BIG FREAKING DEAL, trust me. Penetrating Light increases your crit chance, making your heals more likely to crit thus saving you Force in the long term by not needing to cast so many healing spells among other things.
Foresight is important in pretty much any situation. While solo or in PvP you get the benefit of reduced pushback on your heals, while solo questing you also benefit from reduced threat for when you’re letting your companion take all the hits, and in group play you’re reducing your threat generation so that mobs keep hitting your tank rather than destroying your expensive robes. Pain Barrier is all about your own survivability by increasing the healing that you receive. The role of a healer is almost as critical as it comes, so keeping you alive is always a good thing.
Rejuvenate is your heal over time, or HoT, spell. It works very similar to WoW’s Regrowth spell by providing an initial heal when you first cast it, plus a heal over time effect afterwards. At level 20 this is just another nifty little heal for you to use that takes some of the stress off of you thanks to the heal, but in a couple more levels it’s going to be the keystone to everything you do. | 2019-04-19T03:16:36Z | https://psynister.wordpress.com/2012/03/01/sagesorc-leveling-10-20-healing/ |
Therapy with lipid-altering agents should be only one component of multiple risk factor intervention in individuals at significantly increased risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease due to hypercholesterolemia. Drug therapy is indicated as an adjunct to diet when the response to a diet restricted in saturated fat and cholesterol and other nonpharmacologic measures alone has been inadequate. In patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) or at high risk of CHD, Zocor® can be started simultaneously with diet.
Reduce the risk of total mortality by reducing CHD deaths.
Reduce the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke.
Reduce the need for coronary and non-coronary revascularization procedures.
Reduce elevated total cholesterol (total-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and triglycerides (TG), and to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with primary hyperlipidemia (Fredrickson type IIa, heterozygous familial and nonfamilial) or mixed dyslipidemia (Fredrickson type IIb).
Reduce elevated TG in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (Fredrickson type lV hyperlipidemia).
Reduce elevated TG and VLDL-C in patients with primary dysbetalipoproteinemia (Fredrickson type lll hyperlipidemia).
Reduce total-C and LDL-C in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) as an adjunct to other lipid-lowering treatments (e.g., LDL apheresis) or if such treatments are unavailable.
Two or more other CVD risk factors are present in the adolescent patient.
The minimum goal of treatment in pediatric and adolescent patients is to achieve a mean LDL-C <130 mg/dL. The optimal age at which to initiate lipid-lowering therapy to decrease the risk of symptomatic adulthood CAD has not been determined.
Zocor has not been studied in conditions where the major abnormality is elevation of chylomicrons (i.e., hyperlipidemia Fredrickson types I and V).
The usual dosage range is 5 to 40 mg/day. In patients with CHD or at high risk of CHD, Zocor can be started simultaneously with diet. The recommended usual starting dose is 10 or 20 mg once a day in the evening. For patients at high risk for a CHD event due to existing CHD, diabetes, peripheral vessel disease, history of stroke or other cerebrovascular disease, the recommended starting dose is 40 mg/day. Lipid determinations should be performed after 4 weeks of therapy and periodically thereafter.
Due to the increased risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, particularly during the first year of treatment, use of the 80-mg dose of Zocor should be restricted to patients who have been taking simvastatin 80 mg chronically (e.g., for 12 months or more) without evidence of muscle toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Patients who are currently tolerating the 80-mg dose of Zocor who need to be initiated on an interacting drug that is contraindicated or is associated with a dose cap for simvastatin should be switched to an alternative statin with less potential for the drug-drug interaction.
Due to the increased risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, associated with the 80-mg dose of Zocor, patients unable to achieve their LDL-C goal utilizing the 40-mg dose of Zocor should not be titrated to the 80-mg dose, but should be placed on alternative LDL-C-lowering treatment(s) that provides greater LDL-C lowering.
The dose of Zocor should not exceed 10 mg/day [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Drug Interactions (7.3), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
The dose of Zocor should not exceed 20 mg/day [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Drug Interactions (7.3), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
The recommended dosage is 40 mg/day in the evening [see Dosage and Administration, Restricted Dosing for 80 mg (2.2)]. Zocor should be used as an adjunct to other lipid-lowering treatments (e.g., LDL apheresis) in these patients or if such treatments are unavailable.
Simvastatin exposure is approximately doubled with concomitant use of lomitapide; therefore, the dose of Zocor should be reduced by 50% if initiating lomitapide. Zocor dosage should not exceed 20 mg/day (or 40 mg/day for patients who have previously taken Zocor 80 mg/day chronically, e.g., for 12 months or more, without evidence of muscle toxicity) while taking lomitapide.
The recommended usual starting dose is 10 mg once a day in the evening. The recommended dosing range is 10 to 40 mg/day; the maximum recommended dose is 40 mg/day. Doses should be individualized according to the recommended goal of therapy [see NCEP Pediatric Panel Guidelines1 and Clinical Studies (14.2)]. Adjustments should be made at intervals of 4 weeks or more.
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP): Highlights of the Report of the Expert Panel on Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 89(3):495-501. 1992.
Because Zocor does not undergo significant renal excretion, modification of dosage should not be necessary in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. However, caution should be exercised when Zocor is administered to patients with severe renal impairment; such patients should be started at 5 mg/day and be closely monitored [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Tablets Zocor 5 mg are buff, oval, film-coated tablets, coded MSD 726 on one side and Zocor 5 on the other.
Tablets Zocor 10 mg are peach, oval, film-coated tablets, coded MSD 735 on one side and plain on the other.
Tablets Zocor 20 mg are tan, oval, film-coated tablets, coded MSD 740 on one side and plain on the other.
Tablets Zocor 40 mg are brick red, oval, film-coated tablets, coded MSD 749 on one side and plain on the other.
Tablets Zocor 80 mg are brick red, capsule-shaped, film-coated tablets, coded 543 on one side and 80 on the other.
Concomitant administration of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, HIV protease inhibitors, boceprevir, telaprevir, erythromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin, nefazodone, and cobicistat-containing products) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Concomitant administration of gemfibrozil, cyclosporine, or danazol [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Hypersensitivity to any component of this medication [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
Active liver disease, which may include unexplained persistent elevations in hepatic transaminase levels [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides increase during normal pregnancy, and cholesterol or cholesterol derivatives are essential for fetal development. Because HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) decrease cholesterol synthesis and possibly the synthesis of other biologically active substances derived from cholesterol, Zocor may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Atherosclerosis is a chronic process and the discontinuation of lipid-lowering drugs during pregnancy should have little impact on the outcome of long-term therapy of primary hypercholesterolemia. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of use with Zocor during pregnancy; however, in rare reports congenital anomalies were observed following intrauterine exposure to statins. In rat and rabbit animal reproduction studies, simvastatin revealed no evidence of teratogenicity. Zocor should be administered to women of childbearing age only when such patients are highly unlikely to conceive. If the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, Zocor should be discontinued immediately and the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Nursing mothers. It is not known whether simvastatin is excreted into human milk; however, a small amount of another drug in this class does pass into breast milk. Because statins have the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, women who require treatment with Zocor should not breastfeed their infants [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].
Simvastatin occasionally causes myopathy manifested as muscle pain, tenderness or weakness with creatine kinase (CK) above ten times the upper limit of normal (ULN). Myopathy sometimes takes the form of rhabdomyolysis with or without acute renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria, and rare fatalities have occurred. The risk of myopathy is increased by elevated plasma levels of simvastatin and simvastatin acid. Predisposing factors for myopathy include advanced age (≥65 years), female gender, uncontrolled hypothyroidism, and renal impairment. Chinese patients may be at increased risk for myopathy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.8)].
The risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, is dose related. In a clinical trial database in which 41,413 patients were treated with Zocor, 24,747 (approximately 60%) of whom were enrolled in studies with a median follow-up of at least 4 years, the incidence of myopathy was approximately 0.03% and 0.08% at 20 and 40 mg/day, respectively. The incidence of myopathy with 80 mg (0.61%) was disproportionately higher than that observed at the lower doses. In these trials, patients were carefully monitored and some interacting medicinal products were excluded.
In a clinical trial in which 12,064 patients with a history of myocardial infarction were treated with Zocor (mean follow-up 6.7 years), the incidence of myopathy (defined as unexplained muscle weakness or pain with a serum creatine kinase [CK] >10 times upper limit of normal [ULN]) in patients on 80 mg/day was approximately 0.9% compared with 0.02% for patients on 20 mg/day. The incidence of rhabdomyolysis (defined as myopathy with a CK >40 times ULN) in patients on 80 mg/day was approximately 0.4% compared with 0% for patients on 20 mg/day. The incidence of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, was highest during the first year and then notably decreased during the subsequent years of treatment. In this trial, patients were carefully monitored and some interacting medicinal products were excluded.
There have been rare reports of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), an autoimmune myopathy, associated with statin use. IMNM is characterized by: proximal muscle weakness and elevated serum creatine kinase, which persist despite discontinuation of statin treatment; muscle biopsy showing necrotizing myopathy without significant inflammation; improvement with immunosuppressive agents.
All patients starting therapy with Zocor, or whose dose of Zocor is being increased, should be advised of the risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, and told to report promptly any unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness particularly if accompanied by malaise or fever or if muscle signs and symptoms persist after discontinuing Zocor. Zocor therapy should be discontinued immediately if myopathy is diagnosed or suspected. In most cases, muscle symptoms and CK increases resolved when treatment was promptly discontinued. Periodic CK determinations may be considered in patients starting therapy with Zocor or whose dose is being increased, but there is no assurance that such monitoring will prevent myopathy.
Many of the patients who have developed rhabdomyolysis on therapy with simvastatin have had complicated medical histories, including renal insufficiency usually as a consequence of long-standing diabetes mellitus. Such patients merit closer monitoring. Zocor therapy should be discontinued if markedly elevated CPK levels occur or myopathy is diagnosed or suspected. Zocor therapy should also be temporarily withheld in any patient experiencing an acute or serious condition predisposing to the development of renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis, e.g., sepsis; hypotension; major surgery; trauma; severe metabolic, endocrine, or electrolyte disorders; or uncontrolled epilepsy.
The risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis is increased by elevated plasma levels of simvastatin and simvastatin acid. Simvastatin is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 isoform 3A4. Certain drugs which inhibit this metabolic pathway can raise the plasma levels of simvastatin and may increase the risk of myopathy. These include itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin and clarithromycin, and the ketolide antibiotic telithromycin, HIV protease inhibitors, boceprevir, telaprevir, the antidepressant nefazodone, cobicistat-containing products, or grapefruit juice [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Combination of these drugs with simvastatin is contraindicated. If short-term treatment with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors is unavoidable, therapy with simvastatin must be suspended during the course of treatment [see Contraindications (4) and Drug Interactions (7.1)].
The combined use of simvastatin with gemfibrozil, cyclosporine, or danazol is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4) and Drug Interactions (7.1 and 7.2)].
Caution should be used when prescribing other fibrates with simvastatin, as these agents can cause myopathy when given alone and the risk is increased when they are coadministered [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].
Cases of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, have been reported with simvastatin coadministered with colchicine, and caution should be exercised when prescribing simvastatin with colchicine [see Drug Interactions (7.7)].
The benefits of the combined use of simvastatin with the following drugs should be carefully weighed against the potential risks of combinations: other lipid-lowering drugs (fibrates or, for patients with HoFH, lomitapide), amiodarone, dronedarone, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine, or ranolazine [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Drug Interactions (7.3)].
Cases of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, have been observed with simvastatin coadministered with lipid-modifying doses (≥1 g/day niacin) of niacin-containing products [see Drug Interactions (7.4)].
Prescribing recommendations for interacting agents are summarized in Table 1 [see also Dosage and Administration (2.3, 2.4), Drug Interactions (7), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
For patients with HoFH who have been taking 80 mg simvastatin chronically (e.g., for 12 months or more) without evidence of muscle toxicity, do not exceed 40 mg simvastatin when taking lomitapide.
Persistent increases (to more than 3× the ULN) in serum transaminases have occurred in approximately 1% of patients who received simvastatin in clinical studies. When drug treatment was interrupted or discontinued in these patients, the transaminase levels usually fell slowly to pretreatment levels. The increases were not associated with jaundice or other clinical signs or symptoms. There was no evidence of hypersensitivity.
In the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) [see Clinical Studies (14.1)], the number of patients with more than one transaminase elevation to >3× ULN, over the course of the study, was not significantly different between the simvastatin and placebo groups (14 [0.7%] vs. 12 [0.6%]). Elevated transaminases resulted in the discontinuation of 8 patients from therapy in the simvastatin group (n=2,221) and 5 in the placebo group (n=2,223). Of the 1,986 simvastatin treated patients in 4S with normal liver function tests (LFTs) at baseline, 8 (0.4%) developed consecutive LFT elevations to >3× ULN and/or were discontinued due to transaminase elevations during the 5.4 years (median follow-up) of the study. Among these 8 patients, 5 initially developed these abnormalities within the first year. All of the patients in this study received a starting dose of 20 mg of simvastatin; 37% were titrated to 40 mg.
In 2 controlled clinical studies in 1,105 patients, the 12-month incidence of persistent hepatic transaminase elevation without regard to drug relationship was 0.9% and 2.1% at the 40- and 80-mg dose, respectively. No patients developed persistent liver function abnormalities following the initial 6 months of treatment at a given dose.
It is recommended that liver function tests be performed before the initiation of treatment, and thereafter when clinically indicated. There have been rare postmarketing reports of fatal and non-fatal hepatic failure in patients taking statins, including simvastatin. If serious liver injury with clinical symptoms and/or hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice occurs during treatment with Zocor, promptly interrupt therapy. If an alternate etiology is not found do not restart Zocor. Note that ALT may emanate from muscle, therefore ALT rising with CK may indicate myopathy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
The drug should be used with caution in patients who consume substantial quantities of alcohol and/or have a past history of liver disease. Active liver diseases or unexplained transaminase elevations are contraindications to the use of simvastatin.
Moderate (less than 3× ULN) elevations of serum transaminases have been reported following therapy with simvastatin. These changes appeared soon after initiation of therapy with simvastatin, were often transient, were not accompanied by any symptoms and did not require interruption of treatment.
Increases in HbA1c and fasting serum glucose levels have been reported with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, including Zocor.
In the pre-marketing controlled clinical studies and their open extensions (2,423 patients with median duration of follow-up of approximately 18 months), 1.4% of patients were discontinued due to adverse reactions. The most common adverse reactions that led to treatment discontinuation were: gastrointestinal disorders (0.5%), myalgia (0.1%), and arthralgia (0.1%). The most commonly reported adverse reactions (incidence ≥5%) in simvastatin controlled clinical trials were: upper respiratory infections (9.0%), headache (7.4%), abdominal pain (7.3%), constipation (6.6%), and nausea (5.4%).
In 4S involving 4,444 (age range 35-71 years, 19% women, 100% Caucasians) treated with 20-40 mg/day of Zocor (n=2,221) or placebo (n=2,223) over a median of 5.4 years, adverse reactions reported in ≥2% of patients and at a rate greater than placebo are shown in Table 2.
In the Heart Protection Study (HPS), involving 20,536 patients (age range 40-80 years, 25% women, 97% Caucasians, 3% other races) treated with Zocor 40 mg/day (n=10,269) or placebo (n=10,267) over a mean of 5 years, only serious adverse reactions and discontinuations due to any adverse reactions were recorded. Discontinuation rates due to adverse reactions were 4.8% in patients treated with Zocor compared with 5.1% in patients treated with placebo. The incidence of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis was <0.1% in patients treated with Zocor.
Other adverse reactions reported in clinical trials were: diarrhea, rash, dyspepsia, flatulence, and asthenia.
In a 48-week, controlled study in adolescent boys and girls who were at least 1 year post-menarche, 10-17 years of age (43.4% female, 97.7% Caucasians, 1.7% Hispanics, 0.6% Multiracial) with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (n=175), treated with placebo or Zocor (10-40 mg daily), the most common adverse reactions observed in both groups were upper respiratory infection, headache, abdominal pain, and nausea [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) and Clinical Studies (14.2)].
Because the below reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is generally not possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of simvastatin: pruritus, alopecia, a variety of skin changes (e.g., nodules, discoloration, dryness of skin/mucous membranes, changes to hair/nails), dizziness, muscle cramps, myalgia, pancreatitis, paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy, vomiting, anemia, erectile dysfunction, interstitial lung disease, rhabdomyolysis, hepatitis/jaundice, fatal and non-fatal hepatic failure, and depression.
There have been rare reports of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with statin use [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
An apparent hypersensitivity syndrome has been reported rarely which has included some of the following features: anaphylaxis, angioedema, lupus erythematous-like syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, dermatomyositis, vasculitis, purpura, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, positive ANA, ESR increase, eosinophilia, arthritis, arthralgia, urticaria, asthenia, photosensitivity, fever, chills, flushing, malaise, dyspnea, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
There have been rare postmarketing reports of cognitive impairment (e.g., memory loss, forgetfulness, amnesia, memory impairment, confusion) associated with statin use. These cognitive issues have been reported for all statins. The reports are generally nonserious, and reversible upon statin discontinuation, with variable times to symptom onset (1 day to years) and symptom resolution (median of 3 weeks).
Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors: Simvastatin, like several other inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, is a substrate of CYP3A4. Simvastatin is metabolized by CYP3A4 but has no CYP3A4 inhibitory activity; therefore it is not expected to affect the plasma concentrations of other drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Elevated plasma levels of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity increases the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, particularly with higher doses of simvastatin. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3).] Concomitant use of drugs labeled as having a strong inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4)]. If treatment with itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin or telithromycin is unavoidable, therapy with simvastatin must be suspended during the course of treatment.
Cyclosporine or Danazol: The risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis is increased by concomitant administration of cyclosporine or danazol. Therefore, concomitant use of these drugs is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Gemfibrozil: Contraindicated with simvastatin [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Other fibrates: Caution should be used when prescribing with simvastatin [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
The risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, is increased by concomitant administration of amiodarone, dronedarone, ranolazine, or calcium channel blockers such as verapamil, diltiazem, or amlodipine [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Table 3 in Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Cases of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis have been observed with simvastatin coadministered with lipid-modifying doses (≥1 g/day niacin) of niacin-containing products. The risk of myopathy is greater in Chinese patients. In a clinical trial (median follow-up 3.9 years) involving patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease and with well-controlled LDL-C levels on simvastatin 40 mg/day with or without ezetimibe 10 mg/day, there was no incremental benefit on cardiovascular outcomes with the addition of lipid-modifying doses (≥1 g/day) of niacin. Coadministration of Zocor with lipid-modifying doses (≥1 g/day) of niacin is not recommended in Chinese patients. It is unknown if this risk applies to other Asian patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.8)].
In one study, concomitant administration of digoxin with simvastatin resulted in a slight elevation in digoxin concentrations in plasma. Patients taking digoxin should be monitored appropriately when simvastatin is initiated [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
In two clinical studies, one in normal volunteers and the other in hypercholesterolemic patients, simvastatin 20-40 mg/day modestly potentiated the effect of coumarin anticoagulants: the prothrombin time, reported as International Normalized Ratio (INR), increased from a baseline of 1.7 to 1.8 and from 2.6 to 3.4 in the volunteer and patient studies, respectively. With other statins, clinically evident bleeding and/or increased prothrombin time has been reported in a few patients taking coumarin anticoagulants concomitantly. In such patients, prothrombin time should be determined before starting simvastatin and frequently enough during early therapy to ensure that no significant alteration of prothrombin time occurs. Once a stable prothrombin time has been documented, prothrombin times can be monitored at the intervals usually recommended for patients on coumarin anticoagulants. If the dose of simvastatin is changed or discontinued, the same procedure should be repeated. Simvastatin therapy has not been associated with bleeding or with changes in prothrombin time in patients not taking anticoagulants.
Cases of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, have been reported with simvastatin coadministered with colchicine, and caution should be exercised when prescribing simvastatin with colchicine.
Zocor is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. Lipid lowering drugs offer no benefit during pregnancy, because cholesterol and cholesterol derivatives are needed for normal fetal development. Atherosclerosis is a chronic process, and discontinuation of lipid-lowering drugs during pregnancy should have little impact on long-term outcomes of primary hypercholesterolemia therapy. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of use with Zocor during pregnancy; however, there are rare reports of congenital anomalies in infants exposed to statins in utero. Animal reproduction studies of simvastatin in rats and rabbits showed no evidence of teratogenicity. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides increase during normal pregnancy, and cholesterol or cholesterol derivatives are essential for fetal development. Because statins decrease cholesterol synthesis and possibly the synthesis of other biologically active substances derived from cholesterol, Zocor may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. If Zocor is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.
There are rare reports of congenital anomalies following intrauterine exposure to statins. In a review2 of approximately 100 prospectively followed pregnancies in women exposed to simvastatin or another structurally related statin, the incidences of congenital anomalies, spontaneous abortions, and fetal deaths/stillbirths did not exceed those expected in the general population. However, the study was only able to exclude a 3- to 4-fold increased risk of congenital anomalies over the background rate. In 89% of these cases, drug treatment was initiated prior to pregnancy and was discontinued during the first trimester when pregnancy was identified.
Simvastatin was not teratogenic in rats or rabbits at doses (25, 10 mg/kg/day, respectively) that resulted in 3 times the human exposure based on mg/m2 surface area. However, in studies with another structurally-related statin, skeletal malformations were observed in rats and mice.
Women of childbearing potential, who require treatment with Zocor for a lipid disorder, should be advised to use effective contraception. For women trying to conceive, discontinuation of Zocor should be considered. If pregnancy occurs, Zocor should be immediately discontinued.
Manson, J.M., Freyssinges, C., Ducrocq, M.B., Stephenson, W.P., Postmarketing Surveillance of Lovastatin and Simvastatin Exposure During Pregnancy, Reproductive Toxicology, 10(6):439-446, 1996.
It is not known whether simvastatin is excreted in human milk. Because a small amount of another drug in this class is excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, women taking simvastatin should not nurse their infants. A decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother [see Contraindications (4)].
Safety and effectiveness of simvastatin in patients 10-17 years of age with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia have been evaluated in a controlled clinical trial in adolescent boys and in girls who were at least 1 year post-menarche. Patients treated with simvastatin had an adverse reaction profile similar to that of patients treated with placebo. Doses greater than 40 mg have not been studied in this population. In this limited controlled study, there was no significant effect on growth or sexual maturation in the adolescent boys or girls, or on menstrual cycle length in girls. [See Dosage and Administration (2.5), Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Studies (14.2).] Adolescent females should be counseled on appropriate contraceptive methods while on simvastatin therapy [see Contraindications (4) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Simvastatin has not been studied in patients younger than 10 years of age, nor in pre-menarchal girls.
A pharmacokinetic study with simvastatin showed the mean plasma level of statin activity to be approximately 45% higher in elderly patients between 70-78 years of age compared with patients between 18-30 years of age. In 4S, 1,021 (23%) of 4,444 patients were 65 or older. Lipid-lowering efficacy was at least as great in elderly patients compared with younger patients, and Zocor significantly reduced total mortality and CHD mortality in elderly patients with a history of CHD. In HPS, 52% of patients were elderly (4,891 patients 65-69 years and 5,806 patients 70 years or older). The relative risk reductions of CHD death, non-fatal MI, coronary and non-coronary revascularization procedures, and stroke were similar in older and younger patients [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. In HPS, among 32,145 patients entering the active run-in period, there were 2 cases of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis; these patients were aged 67 and 73. Of the 7 cases of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis among 10,269 patients allocated to simvastatin, 4 were aged 65 or more (at baseline), of whom one was over 75. There were no overall differences in safety between older and younger patients in either 4S or HPS.
Zocor is contraindicated in patients with active liver disease which may include unexplained persistent elevations in hepatic transaminase levels [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
In a clinical trial in which patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease were treated with simvastatin 40 mg/day (median follow-up 3.9 years), the incidence of myopathy was approximately 0.05% for non-Chinese patients (n=7367) compared with 0.24% for Chinese patients (n=5468). The incidence of myopathy for Chinese patients on simvastatin 40 mg/day or ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/40 mg/day coadministered with extended-release niacin 2 g/day was 1.24%.
Chinese patients may be at higher risk for myopathy, monitor patients appropriately. Coadministration of Zocor with lipid-modifying doses (≥1 g/day niacin) of niacin-containing products is not recommended in Chinese patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Drug Interactions (7.4)].
Significant lethality was observed in mice after a single oral dose of 9 g/m2. No evidence of lethality was observed in rats or dogs treated with doses of 30 and 100 g/m2, respectively. No specific diagnostic signs were observed in rodents. At these doses the only signs seen in dogs were emesis and mucoid stools.
A few cases of overdosage with Zocor have been reported; the maximum dose taken was 3.6 g. All patients recovered without sequelae. Supportive measures should be taken in the event of an overdose. The dialyzability of simvastatin and its metabolites in man is not known at present.
Zocor (simvastatin) is a lipid-lowering agent that is derived synthetically from a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. After oral ingestion, simvastatin, which is an inactive lactone, is hydrolyzed to the corresponding β-hydroxyacid form. This is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is an early and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.
Simvastatin is a white to off-white, nonhygroscopic, crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water, and freely soluble in chloroform, methanol and ethanol.
Tablets Zocor for oral administration contain either 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg or 80 mg of simvastatin and the following inactive ingredients: ascorbic acid, citric acid, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, iron oxides, lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, talc, and titanium dioxide. Butylated hydroxyanisole is added as a preservative.
Simvastatin is a prodrug and is hydrolyzed to its active β-hydroxyacid form, simvastatin acid, after administration. Simvastatin is a specific inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, an early and rate limiting step in the biosynthetic pathway for cholesterol. In addition, simvastatin reduces VLDL and TG and increases HDL-C.
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that elevated levels of total-C, LDL-C, as well as decreased levels of HDL-C are associated with the development of atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk. Lowering LDL-C decreases this risk. However, the independent effect of raising HDL-C or lowering TG on the risk of coronary and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been determined.
Simvastatin is a lactone that is readily hydrolyzed in vivo to the corresponding β-hydroxyacid, a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase is the basis for an assay in pharmacokinetic studies of the β-hydroxyacid metabolites (active inhibitors) and, following base hydrolysis, active plus latent inhibitors (total inhibitors) in plasma following administration of simvastatin.
Following an oral dose of 14C-labeled simvastatin in man, 13% of the dose was excreted in urine and 60% in feces. Plasma concentrations of total radioactivity (simvastatin plus 14C-metabolites) peaked at 4 hours and declined rapidly to about 10% of peak by 12 hours postdose. Since simvastatin undergoes extensive first-pass extraction in the liver, the availability of the drug to the general circulation is low (<5%).
Both simvastatin and its β-hydroxyacid metabolite are highly bound (approximately 95%) to human plasma proteins. Rat studies indicate that when radiolabeled simvastatin was administered, simvastatin-derived radioactivity crossed the blood-brain barrier.
The major active metabolites of simvastatin present in human plasma are the β-hydroxyacid of simvastatin and its 6'-hydroxy, 6'-hydroxymethyl, and 6'-exomethylene derivatives. Peak plasma concentrations of both active and total inhibitors were attained within 1.3 to 2.4 hours postdose. While the recommended therapeutic dose range is 5 to 40 mg/day, there was no substantial deviation from linearity of AUC of inhibitors in the general circulation with an increase in dose to as high as 120 mg. Relative to the fasting state, the plasma profile of inhibitors was not affected when simvastatin was administered immediately before an American Heart Association recommended low-fat meal.
In a study including 16 elderly patients between 70 and 78 years of age who received Zocor 40 mg/day, the mean plasma level of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity was increased approximately 45% compared with 18 patients between 18-30 years of age. Clinical study experience in the elderly (n=1522), suggests that there were no overall differences in safety between elderly and younger patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].
Kinetic studies with another statin, having a similar principal route of elimination, have suggested that for a given dose level higher systemic exposure may be achieved in patients with severe renal insufficiency (as measured by creatinine clearance).
Simvastatin acid is a substrate of the transport protein OATP1B1. Concomitant administration of medicinal products that are inhibitors of the transport protein OATP1B1 may lead to increased plasma concentrations of simvastatin acid and an increased risk of myopathy. For example, cyclosporine has been shown to increase the AUC of statins; although the mechanism is not fully understood, the increase in AUC for simvastatin acid is presumably due, in part, to inhibition of CYP3A4 and/or OATP1B1.
The risk of myopathy is increased by high levels of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity in plasma. Inhibitors of CYP3A4 can raise the plasma levels of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity and increase the risk of myopathy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Results based on a chemical assay except results with propranolol as indicated.
Results could be representative of the following CYP3A4 inhibitors: ketoconazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, HIV protease inhibitors, and nefazodone.
Simvastatin acid refers to the β-hydroxyacid of simvastatin.
The effect of amounts of grapefruit juice between those used in these two studies on simvastatin pharmacokinetics has not been studied.
Double-strength: one can of frozen concentrate diluted with one can of water. Grapefruit juice was administered TID for 2 days, and 200 mL together with single dose simvastatin and 30 and 90 minutes following single dose simvastatin on Day 3.
Single-strength: one can of frozen concentrate diluted with 3 cans of water. Grapefruit juice was administered with breakfast for 3 days, and simvastatin was administered in the evening on Day 3.
In a study of 12 healthy volunteers, simvastatin at the 80-mg dose had no effect on the metabolism of the probe cytochrome P450 isoform 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates midazolam and erythromycin. This indicates that simvastatin is not an inhibitor of CYP3A4, and, therefore, is not expected to affect the plasma levels of other drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Coadministration of simvastatin (40 mg QD for 10 days) resulted in an increase in the maximum mean levels of cardioactive digoxin (given as a single 0.4 mg dose on day 10) by approximately 0.3 ng/mL.
In a 72-week carcinogenicity study, mice were administered daily doses of simvastatin of 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg body weight, which resulted in mean plasma drug levels approximately 1, 4, and 8 times higher than the mean human plasma drug level, respectively (as total inhibitory activity based on AUC) after an 80-mg oral dose. Liver carcinomas were significantly increased in high-dose females and mid- and high-dose males with a maximum incidence of 90% in males. The incidence of adenomas of the liver was significantly increased in mid- and high-dose females. Drug treatment also significantly increased the incidence of lung adenomas in mid- and high-dose males and females. Adenomas of the Harderian gland (a gland of the eye of rodents) were significantly higher in high-dose mice than in controls. No evidence of a tumorigenic effect was observed at 25 mg/kg/day.
In a separate 92-week carcinogenicity study in mice at doses up to 25 mg/kg/day, no evidence of a tumorigenic effect was observed (mean plasma drug levels were 1 times higher than humans given 80 mg simvastatin as measured by AUC).
In a two-year study in rats at 25 mg/kg/day, there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of thyroid follicular adenomas in female rats exposed to approximately 11 times higher levels of simvastatin than in humans given 80 mg simvastatin (as measured by AUC).
A second two-year rat carcinogenicity study with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day produced hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (in female rats at both doses and in males at 100 mg/kg/day). Thyroid follicular cell adenomas were increased in males and females at both doses; thyroid follicular cell carcinomas were increased in females at 100 mg/kg/day. The increased incidence of thyroid neoplasms appears to be consistent with findings from other statins. These treatment levels represented plasma drug levels (AUC) of approximately 7 and 15 times (males) and 22 and 25 times (females) the mean human plasma drug exposure after an 80 milligram daily dose.
No evidence of mutagenicity was observed in a microbial mutagenicity (Ames) test with or without rat or mouse liver metabolic activation. In addition, no evidence of damage to genetic material was noted in an in vitro alkaline elution assay using rat hepatocytes, a V-79 mammalian cell forward mutation study, an in vitro chromosome aberration study in CHO cells, or an in vivo chromosomal aberration assay in mouse bone marrow.
There was decreased fertility in male rats treated with simvastatin for 34 weeks at 25 mg/kg body weight (4 times the maximum human exposure level, based on AUC, in patients receiving 80 mg/day); however, this effect was not observed during a subsequent fertility study in which simvastatin was administered at this same dose level to male rats for 11 weeks (the entire cycle of spermatogenesis including epididymal maturation). No microscopic changes were observed in the testes of rats from either study. At 180 mg/kg/day, (which produces exposure levels 22 times higher than those in humans taking 80 mg/day based on surface area, mg/m2), seminiferous tubule degeneration (necrosis and loss of spermatogenic epithelium) was observed. In dogs, there was drug-related testicular atrophy, decreased spermatogenesis, spermatocytic degeneration and giant cell formation at 10 mg/kg/day, (approximately 2 times the human exposure, based on AUC, at 80 mg/day). The clinical significance of these findings is unclear.
Optic nerve degeneration was seen in clinically normal dogs treated with simvastatin for 14 weeks at 180 mg/kg/day, a dose that produced mean plasma drug levels about 12 times higher than the mean plasma drug level in humans taking 80 mg/day.
A chemically similar drug in this class also produced optic nerve degeneration (Wallerian degeneration of retinogeniculate fibers) in clinically normal dogs in a dose-dependent fashion starting at 60 mg/kg/day, a dose that produced mean plasma drug levels about 30 times higher than the mean plasma drug level in humans taking the highest recommended dose (as measured by total enzyme inhibitory activity). This same drug also produced vestibulocochlear Wallerian-like degeneration and retinal ganglion cell chromatolysis in dogs treated for 14 weeks at 180 mg/kg/day, a dose that resulted in a mean plasma drug level similar to that seen with the 60 mg/kg/day dose.
CNS vascular lesions, characterized by perivascular hemorrhage and edema, mononuclear cell infiltration of perivascular spaces, perivascular fibrin deposits and necrosis of small vessels were seen in dogs treated with simvastatin at a dose of 360 mg/kg/day, a dose that produced mean plasma drug levels that were about 14 times higher than the mean plasma drug levels in humans taking 80 mg/day. Similar CNS vascular lesions have been observed with several other drugs of this class.
There were cataracts in female rats after two years of treatment with 50 and 100 mg/kg/day (22 and 25 times the human AUC at 80 mg/day, respectively) and in dogs after three months at 90 mg/kg/day (19 times) and at two years at 50 mg/kg/day (5 times).
In 4S, the effect of therapy with Zocor on total mortality was assessed in 4,444 patients with CHD and baseline total cholesterol 212-309 mg/dL (5.5-8.0 mmol/L). In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients were treated with standard care, including diet, and either Zocor 20-40 mg/day (n=2,221) or placebo (n=2,223) for a median duration of 5.4 years. Over the course of the study, treatment with Zocor led to mean reductions in total-C, LDL-C and TG of 25%, 35%, and 10%, respectively, and a mean increase in HDL-C of 8%. Zocor significantly reduced the risk of mortality by 30% (p=0.0003, 182 deaths in the Zocor group vs 256 deaths in the placebo group). The risk of CHD mortality was significantly reduced by 42% (p=0.00001, 111 vs 189 deaths). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in non-cardiovascular mortality. Zocor significantly decreased the risk of having major coronary events (CHD mortality plus hospital-verified and silent non-fatal myocardial infarction [MI]) by 34% (p<0.00001, 431 vs 622 patients with one or more events). The risk of having a hospital-verified non-fatal MI was reduced by 37%. Zocor significantly reduced the risk for undergoing myocardial revascularization procedures (coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) by 37% (p<0.00001, 252 vs 383 patients). Zocor significantly reduced the risk of fatal plus non-fatal cerebrovascular events (combined stroke and transient ischemic attacks) by 28% (p=0.033, 75 vs 102 patients). Zocor reduced the risk of major coronary events to a similar extent across the range of baseline total and LDL cholesterol levels. Because there were only 53 female deaths, the effect of Zocor on mortality in women could not be adequately assessed. However, Zocor significantly lessened the risk of having major coronary events by 34% (60 vs 91 women with one or more event). The randomization was stratified by angina alone (21% of each treatment group) or a previous MI. Because there were only 57 deaths among the patients with angina alone at baseline, the effect of Zocor on mortality in this subgroup could not be adequately assessed. However, trends in reduced coronary mortality, major coronary events and revascularization procedures were consistent between this group and the total study cohort. Additionally, Zocor resulted in similar decreases in relative risk for total mortality, CHD mortality, and major coronary events in elderly patients (≥65 years), compared with younger patients.
The Heart Protection Study (HPS) was a large, multi-center, placebo-controlled, double-blind study with a mean duration of 5 years conducted in 20,536 patients (10,269 on Zocor 40 mg and 10,267 on placebo). Patients were allocated to treatment using a covariate adaptive method3 which took into account the distribution of 10 important baseline characteristics of patients already enrolled and minimized the imbalance of those characteristics across the groups. Patients had a mean age of 64 years (range 40-80 years), were 97% Caucasian and were at high risk of developing a major coronary event because of existing CHD (65%), diabetes (Type 2, 26%; Type 1, 3%), history of stroke or other cerebrovascular disease (16%), peripheral vessel disease (33%), or hypertension in males ≥65 years (6%). At baseline, 3,421 patients (17%) had LDL-C levels below 100 mg/dL, of whom 953 (5%) had LDL-C levels below 80 mg/dL; 7,068 patients (34%) had levels between 100 and 130 mg/dL; and 10,047 patients (49%) had levels greater than 130 mg/dL.
The HPS results showed that Zocor 40 mg/day significantly reduced: total and CHD mortality; non-fatal MI, stroke, and revascularization procedures (coronary and non-coronary) (see Table 4).
Two composite endpoints were defined in order to have sufficient events to assess relative risk reductions across a range of baseline characteristics (see Figure 1). A composite of major coronary events (MCE) was comprised of CHD mortality and non-fatal MI (analyzed by time-to-first event; 898 patients treated with Zocor had events and 1,212 patients on placebo had events). A composite of major vascular events (MVE) was comprised of MCE, stroke and revascularization procedures including coronary, peripheral and other non-coronary procedures (analyzed by time-to-first event; 2,033 patients treated with Zocor had events and 2,585 patients on placebo had events). Significant relative risk reductions were observed for both composite endpoints (27% for MCE and 24% for MVE, p<0.0001). Treatment with Zocor produced significant relative risk reductions for all components of the composite endpoints. The risk reductions produced by Zocor in both MCE and MVE were evident and consistent regardless of cardiovascular disease related medical history at study entry (i.e., CHD alone; or peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes or treated hypertension, with or without CHD), gender, age, creatinine levels up to the entry limit of 2.3 mg/dL, baseline levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, apolipoprotein B and A-1, baseline concomitant cardiovascular medications (i.e., aspirin, beta blockers, or calcium channel blockers), smoking status, alcohol intake, or obesity. Diabetics showed risk reductions for MCE and MVE due to Zocor treatment regardless of baseline HbA1c levels or obesity with the greatest effects seen for diabetics without CHD.
N = number of patients in each subgroup. The inverted triangles are point estimates of the relative risk, with their 95% confidence intervals represented as a line. The area of a triangle is proportional to the number of patients with MVE or MCE in the subgroup relative to the number with MVE or MCE, respectively, in the entire study population. The vertical solid line represents a relative risk of one. The vertical dashed line represents the point estimate of relative risk in the entire study population.
In the Multicenter Anti-Atheroma Study, the effect of simvastatin on atherosclerosis was assessed by quantitative coronary angiography in hypercholesterolemic patients with CHD. In this randomized, double-blind, controlled study, patients were treated with simvastatin 20 mg/day or placebo. Angiograms were evaluated at baseline, two and four years. The co-primary study endpoints were mean change per-patient in minimum and mean lumen diameters, indicating focal and diffuse disease, respectively. Zocor significantly slowed the progression of lesions as measured in the Year 4 angiogram by both parameters, as well as by change in percent diameter stenosis. In addition, simvastatin significantly decreased the proportion of patients with new lesions and with new total occlusions.
Zocor has been shown to be effective in reducing total-C and LDL-C in heterozygous familial and non-familial forms of hyperlipidemia and in mixed hyperlipidemia. Maximal to near maximal response is generally achieved within 4-6 weeks and maintained during chronic therapy. Zocor significantly decreased total-C, LDL-C, total-C/HDL-C ratio, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio; Zocor also decreased TG and increased HDL-C (see Table 5).
mean baseline LDL-C 156 mg/dL and median baseline TG 391 mg/dL.
The results of a subgroup analysis in 74 patients with type lV hyperlipidemia from a 130-patient, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-period crossover study are presented in Table 6.
The median baseline values (mg/dL) for the patients in this study were: total-C = 254, LDL-C = 135, HDL-C = 36, TG = 404, VLDL-C = 83, and non-HDL-C = 215.
The results of a subgroup analysis in 7 patients with type lll hyperlipidemia (dysbetalipoproteinemia) (apo E2/2) (VLDL-C/TG>0.25) from a 130-patient, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-period crossover study are presented in Table 7.
The median baseline values (mg/dL) were: total-C = 324, LDL-C = 121, HDL-C = 31, TG = 411, VLDL-C = 170, and non-HDL-C = 291.
In a controlled clinical study, 12 patients 15-39 years of age with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia received simvastatin 40 mg/day in a single dose or in 3 divided doses, or 80 mg/day in 3 divided doses. In 11 patients with reductions in LDL-C, the mean LDL-C changes for the 40- and 80-mg doses were 14% (range 8% to 23%, median 12%) and 30% (range 14% to 46%, median 29%), respectively. One patient had an increase of 15% in LDL-C. Another patient with absent LDL-C receptor function had an LDL-C reduction of 41% with the 80-mg dose.
In clinical studies, simvastatin did not impair adrenal reserve or significantly reduce basal plasma cortisol concentration. Small reductions from baseline in basal plasma testosterone in men were observed in clinical studies with simvastatin, an effect also observed with other statins and the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine. There was no effect on plasma gonadotropin levels. In a placebo-controlled, 12-week study there was no significant effect of simvastatin 80 mg on the plasma testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin. In another 24-week study, simvastatin 20-40 mg had no detectable effect on spermatogenesis. In 4S, in which 4,444 patients were randomized to simvastatin 20-40 mg/day or placebo for a median duration of 5.4 years, the incidence of male sexual adverse events in the two treatment groups was not significantly different. Because of these factors, the small changes in plasma testosterone are unlikely to be clinically significant. The effects, if any, on the pituitary-gonadal axis in pre-menopausal women are unknown.
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 175 patients (99 adolescent boys and 76 post-menarchal girls) 10-17 years of age (mean age 14.1 years) with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) were randomized to simvastatin (n=106) or placebo (n=67) for 24 weeks (base study). Inclusion in the study required a baseline LDL-C level between 160 and 400 mg/dL and at least one parent with an LDL-C level >189 mg/dL. The dosage of simvastatin (once daily in the evening) was 10 mg for the first 8 weeks, 20 mg for the second 8 weeks, and 40 mg thereafter. In a 24-week extension, 144 patients elected to continue therapy with simvastatin 40 mg or placebo.
Zocor significantly decreased plasma levels of total-C, LDL-C, and Apo B (see Table 8). Results from the extension at 48 weeks were comparable to those observed in the base study.
After 24 weeks of treatment, the mean achieved LDL-C value was 124.9 mg/dL (range: 64.0-289.0 mg/dL) in the Zocor 40 mg group compared to 207.8 mg/dL (range: 128.0-334.0 mg/dL) in the placebo group.
The safety and efficacy of doses above 40 mg daily have not been studied in children with HeFH. The long-term efficacy of simvastatin therapy in childhood to reduce morbidity and mortality in adulthood has not been established.
NDC 0006-0726-31 unit of use bottles of 30.
NDC 0006-0735-54 unit of use bottles of 90.
NDC 0006-0740-54 unit of use bottles of 90.
NDC 0006-0749-54 unit of use bottles of 90.
NDC 0006-0543-54 unit of use bottles of 90.
Patients should be advised to adhere to their National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)-recommended diet, a regular exercise program, and periodic testing of a fasting lipid panel.
Patients should be advised about substances they should not take concomitantly with simvastatin [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Patients should also be advised to inform other healthcare professionals prescribing a new medication or increasing the dose of an existing medication that they are taking Zocor.
All patients starting therapy with Zocor should be advised of the risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, and told to report promptly any unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness particularly if accompanied by malaise or fever or if these muscle signs or symptoms persist after discontinuing Zocor. Patients using the 80-mg dose should be informed that the risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, is increased with use of the 80-mg dose. The risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, occurring with use of Zocor is increased when taking certain types of medication or consuming grapefruit juice. Patients should discuss all medication, both prescription and over the counter, with their healthcare professional.
It is recommended that liver function tests be performed before the initiation of Zocor, and thereafter when clinically indicated. All patients treated with Zocor should be advised to report promptly any symptoms that may indicate liver injury, including fatigue, anorexia, right upper abdominal discomfort, dark urine or jaundice.
Women of childbearing age should be advised to use an effective method of birth control to prevent pregnancy while using Zocor. Discuss future pregnancy plans with your patients, and discuss when to stop taking Zocor if they are trying to conceive. Patients should be advised that if they become pregnant they should stop taking Zocor and call their healthcare professional.
Women who are breastfeeding should not use Zocor. Patients who have a lipid disorder and are breastfeeding should be advised to discuss the options with their healthcare professional.
Copyright © 1999-2019 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.
Each tablet contains 5 mg of simvastatin.
Each tablet contains 10 mg of simvastatin.
Each tablet contains 20 mg of simvastatin.
Each tablet contains 40 mg of simvastatin.
Each tablet contains 80 mg of simvastatin.
What are the side effects of statins? | 2019-04-19T22:58:28Z | https://www.drugs.com/pro/zocor.html |
The weather finally feels like winter here in Nebraska–sleet! Freezing rain! Snow! Drizzle! Deep fog! Wintry weather advisories! Et al!–and it looks as if it may stay that way for awhile. Well, hello. It’s . . . ah . . . December. . . last time I checked . . .
I heard some people—three times, three different groups, three different places–in one afternoon–complain bitterly about “this crap,” meaning the wintry weather.
I looked a bit askance at them, and really, really wanted to say “This ain’t Hawaii, did you not realize that for the past several decades that you’ve lived here?” but I kept mum. I am not a sarcastic person, at least not on the outside. Inside? Maybe just a little. Or maybe I was just a bit miffed at the clerk who had just asked me if I wanted the senior discount.
I laughed merrily, in a youthful manner, and said “oh, no, I’m not 55–not even close!” but honestly, it hurt just a bit. Gosh. Isn’t that like asking the plump woman when her baby is due? Yes, I think it is. Clerks, everywhere: if somebody appears close to the senior discount-age—-resist the temptation to ask if they want the senior discount! There. Rant over. *phew* Wait. I don’t feel better.
Let’s change the subject, okay?
Winter is the perfect excuse to jaw about pleasant things, like hot nourishing soups and thick slices of bread (heavily buttered, natch’) and–once the soup is simmering nicely on the stovetop, and the bread is rising–to get back into bed with a pile of books, a cup of hot tea and a satisfied expression on one’s face.
Loaded hamburger soup and warm bread–unbeatable!
But, oh wait. Did I mention that Christmas is next week and I’ve just started working my way down my gift list? No, I rather think I didn’t mention that because who would admit it? But I am determined, Gentle Readers, not to get uptight about it forachange or lose sleep over this, because it strikes me as anti-Christmas to get too wrought up over earthly things like a Christmas list and what there is or isn’t purchased or made, to stuff stockings with, and such fripparies.
Christmas, after all, is all about peace and joy and the hope we have in the Christ child, right? It’s not about stress and anxiety and sleepless nights wondering if I got enough gifts for Sven or too many for Olaf (to use totally random names, on the off chance that one of the kids will read this). And anyway, when you can skip down to a few excellent stores in your downtown area and purchase lovely things by the armload for everybody on your gift list, or (even easier when the winter weather descends) order something with a few clicks that will come in two days—what’s the big deal?
Speaking of shopping at the last minute, beyond the occasional mention of my new Blog Shop (because I’m so excited about it!) and the occasional Amazon link, I usually stay away from sponsored posts. I don’t wanna look like some money-grubbing, er, money-grubber! That said, folks do often ask me about what tools I recommend in my kitchen and beyond! and it just seems sensible to share this sort of intel with you, from time to time. I don’t think you need a bunch of fancy-schmancy tools to cook or bake well, (or to live well) but as anybody would know–it’s more fun and frustration-less to do the work of serving your friends and family from your kitchen if you have at least the modicum of proper kitchen tools.
So here are a few things that I love, for the kitchen and other vistas, too. These are the things I did not pack up when we packed up the kitchen four months ago at the beginning of our kitchen remodel, folks. That is definitely saying something.
These are the things–if I were to accept that offer that keeps coming into my email inbox to go to the moon for a few months–I’d take along. Here we go.
This stuff is fun and useful, too!
Once I have a junk drawer again, I’m going to keep my roll of Baker’s Twine in it, with a pair of scissors, natch’, and I’ll feel plenty neat and sophisticated about that, too. If you like to wrap up a loaf of bread here or a bag of cookies there to give to a friend, or even if you just feel a bit of pleasure at having some simple gift-wrapping supplies close at hand, you oughta have a roll of this. A huge roll costs very little, and I’m pretty sure this one will last me until I’m a little old granny . . . oh, wait . . . well, at least until it’s time to come home from the moon. Definitely taking this in my to the moon bag!
Here it is: my secret weapon in bread-baking!
I have very few expensive tools in my kitchen, but my Bosch Universal Plus Kitchen Machine is one that–God forbid it would break on me–I’d replace it immediately. Actually a few years ago, another model that I had then (and which I used up, mixing up 80+ loaves of bread every week from May through October) broke, and I had ordered a new one before the day was out. I don’t like to contemplate being without a Bosch, honestly. Even up on the moon (something to go with the cheese, of course!). People need bread! Well, most people do.
When Amalia and I were baking for farmer’s market every week, I almost felt guilty when people would gush over the artisan loaves that I made. I typically made around 80 loaves of bread in one intense period, from about 5:30 a.m. until 2:00, on market day. Don’t be shocked. I reveal all my secrets, by the way, in the ebook you can see in the sidebar, about how to make dough at your farmer’s market with artisan breads, if you are so inclined.
One secret: I made the dough the day before, and the way I could do it without so much as a faire-thee-well was because of two things: 1. a simple recipe and 2. my awesome Bosch. It’s is a wonderful tool for any baker; it can handle large amounts of dough–cookie dough, bread dough, anything-dough–and also has attachments that you’ll get wildly attached to. I use my blender (attached to the excellent Bosch motor, so it’s great for any blending tasks you may have, including ice cubes and other hard items that will jam an ordinary blender) daily for bulletproof(ish) coffee and smoothies, and the food processor comes in handy quite often, too. I don’t even own a blender or a food processor, besides the ones that come with my Bosch. One handy appliance instead of three.
If you spend lots of time in the kitchen, you need one of these. It’ll make you happy. I promise.
Betcha can’t guess how old my KitchenAid Stand Mixer is.
This fellow and I have much in common: we’ve both been around the block a time or two. NOT that we show it, overmuch (she admitted, fondly, albeit wincing at a recent memory . . .).
(Hint: not as old as me). Confession: I’ve had my trusty white KitchenAid stand mixer for over 30 years. Yes! And it just broke. No!
My dad took a look at it, and announced that it was only a problem with “the brushes” and that I could get it repaired, so (to Amalia’s chagrin–she would really rather have a pretty new one in one of the pretty new smashing colors) I’m going to try that route before I buy a new one. But I’m missing it heartily in the interim. We use this mixer nearly every day, too, for smaller jobs like whipping egg whites for macaroons, or mixing up quick-bread dough, or a hundred other daily mixing tasks. I’d never, ever, go back to a hand-held mixer. This stand mixer is superior in so many ways. And cute, to boot. Mine is on my counter 24/7. I’d be lost without it. Yay. Wait. I am lost without it. Boo.
This model comes with several fun accoutrements.
I have had an immersion blender for some time. Mom gave it to me, but I didn’t really know what to do with it, so I stuck it in a cluttered kitchen cabinet and it sat there, unfulfilled, unused, and unloved, for a couple of years probably, until my friend Jamie enthusiastically raved about how many ways her hand blender enriched her life. You can use it for gravies, she enthused. Cream soups. Sauces. Et al!
So when I got home, I pulled it out of the cluttered cabinet and determined to learn the wonders of this handy kitchen tool. I’ve never looked back. It is all that, and more.
It’s quick and reliable and–contrary to intuitive feelings on the matter–you will not get electrocuted by sticking this plugged-in appliance into a liquid. *phew* So rest easy on that one. The ones they make today–the stainless steel ones–are so much prettier than my plastic one, but I’m not going to buy a new one until this old one wears out. Sue me. I’m cheap.
So my sons shamed me into buying this . . .
Oh yeah. Grinding your own coffee beans in this will elevate your coffee quality overnight!
. . . and gosh, I’m so glad that they did.
Consequently . . . we drink good coffee at our house, or we drink none at all. That is to say, we grind our coffee beans as close as possible to the time that we make coffee, that is to say, seconds before, if possible. I used to use a little hand grinder the night before, until one of my three grown-up coffee-savvy sons shared with me the joys and wonders of this electric grinder. Fancy: you load several days’ worth of freshly-roasted coffee beans into the hopper at the top, adjust the little dial to indicate how many cups of coffee you are making, and then—here’s the cool part!–you push a button, and walk away. Voila. In seconds (or at most a minute or two) you have just the amount of coffee you want, ground to your specs, ready to use.
It’s marvelous. I daresay, on the moon, drinking endless cups of good coffee while gazing down at the green and blue loveliness of the earth so far away, and musing about the sorry mess that we left behind—not to become depressing but you don’t know if I’m talking about my house, or our earth, do you, so you can’t really be depressed by this–will be a given.
There’s still time! Great gift ideas for those you love, whether or not you are going to the moon!
While we’re there, of course we’ll want to make pie. Good thing I have a slim handmade French rolling pin, for ease of packing.
My everyday French Rolling Pin, handmade out of maple.
My Dad made me this one years ago and I have come to prefer to use only this one. No handles to gunk up with dough, and a smooth tapered surface that is just perfect for any dough-rolling need you might have. And guess what–now my Dad makes these lovelies for my blog shop. There’s still time before Christmas to order one for yourself, and one for somebody special, too. Handmade in his own wood shop, you won’t find a prettier rolling pin.
Just a bit heavy to take to the moon–but worth it!
I’ve wanted one of these for so long, but (in my typical tightwaddery style) I clung to the smallish sorry stainless steel Dutch oven that I already had, until something snapped in my heart. It wasn’t the Dutch oven, either. I don’t know if it was the day that it boiled over for the nth time (it is rahther small) or the fact that the bottom wasn’t completely flat and so it would rock on the burner when I stirred, or maybe it’s because I bought each of my sweet daughters-in-law a beautiful enameled cast iron Dutch oven, like I had been wanting for so many years, last Christmas and then sat in quiet longing as I watched them open them.
I thought: This is silly. I’m buying myself one. There’s certainly no law in the land that says I can’t buy myself something pretty and so useful like that, is there? Why no, there isn’t. And so I did. I love it, just as I knew I would. It’s great for soups and casseroles, and also you can make bread in it! It works on the stovetop or inside the oven.
Oh, take a look at this fun bit of vintage whimsy.
This bit of sweetness is hanging above my party kitchen counter and is exactly what I wanted. You know how exhausted you get, when you are doing a messy remodel and you are having to make decisions right and left and hither and yon . . . and sometimes you make a bad choice? Well, I got it right with this decision: these lights are simply the cat’s meow. Not literally, you understand. Figuratively. They make me so happy. And the bulbs? How could you not fall in love with these?
Our contractor told us about Edison bulbs, and (since I live under a rock) I hadn’t discovered them yet but now that I have . . . I can’t stop looking at them. They put off such a pretty, warm light, and they are such a fun detail in these old reproduction lights.
The sticker on the front of new ones says “the ONLY Sketchbook” . . .
This one is nearly full. I’m going to treat myself to a new one someday soon!
. . . and I totally agree. I would have lots of new things to draw and paint on the moon, so of course my sketchbook would have to come along. And some very sharp pencils. And this one really is the only one for me. For you artist types: the paper is 93 lb, acid free archival quality drawing paper, and it’s cool that the paper has two distinct surfaces. The top side of the sheet has tooth for dry media and works well as a cold pressed watercolor sheet, and the bottom side is fabulous with pen and ink and works well as a hot pressed sheet for watercolor and other mixed media. I’ve lost count of how many of these I’ve given to other creative types as gifts, too. At the risk of sounding like a commercial, they’re the perfect gift for the artsy person in your life.
BIG glasses. They also come in smaller sizes.
They are chunky and heavy and feel good in your hand.
They come in different sizes–for little hands and big ones.
They don’t break–honestly, they don’t.
Get this: they come with lids!
One nice thing about long, dark, cold evenings: more time to read!
Epic Tomatoes: How to Select and Grow the Best Varieties of All Time because: hey, spring is coming!
Anything by Jan Brett: The Turnip is her newest book, and it’s charming, especially if you love turnips (as I do!). Amalia works in a wonderful small bookstore in a little town nearby and she got to meet this prolific author/illustrator. I so want to be her: Amalia, and Jan Brett. Her books are wonderful and beautifully detailed.
Elizabeth Zimmerman is a knitter and an artist and her books are simply wonderful. I pull this one out often, Knitting Around , out often to be inspired by all things Elizabeth.
Wow! How could you not love a book with this title: The Hot Bread Kitchen Cookbook: Artisanal Baking from Around the World not to mention that gloriously beautiful cover. This is Amalia’s new book, but we are all having fun reading it. It’s a beautifully illustrated bread cookbook, full of new baking projects for the new year.
The specialist that Amalia is seeing right now thinks that her physical trials are related to autoimmune response, so we are learning as much as we can about that, reading this book. It’s an eye opener, to be sure, and worth reading if you suffer from any autoimmune problems (which a large percentage of us do) at all: The Paleo Approach: Reverse Autoimmune Disease and Heal Your Body.
One more thing: I bought myself one of these Beechwood Stock Pot 24″ Spoons . . .
. . . about the thousandth time I burned my fingers using a short, subpar, lightweight wooden spoon to stir soup in my huge stockpot. I got fed up. I thought “what the heck am I doing? These things can’t be that expensive!” And they aren’t. So I bought one. I love it. End of story.
Oooh. Ooops. One More Thing. Coffee Joulies!
Timothy introduced these to us (yes–he’s back!) and they are pretty sweet. You drop them into your steaming hot coffee, and they do a nice job of pulling the heat down just a bit to make your coffee drinkable, and then keeping it there, at just the right temperature, for a long, long time.
Not that a good hot cuppa joe lasts long around here.
My, my, apparently I could go on all day with this! Don’t worry, I won’t.
Sneaky moms have the healthiest kids. And the best-fed contractors, too.
Actually, I just made that up. But you knew that, right?
This is about the easiest soup you can make. If you have a pound of hamburger and a few veggies, you're nearly there! Using some strong bone broth and a wider variety of veg will up the nutrients of this fantastic, delicious soup that everybody loves.
Fry up the hamburger with the diced onion and garlic, adding the olive oil if necessary.
Add herbs, salt and pepper, bay leaves, and veggies to the skillet while you are heating up the broth and water in a large soup pot. Cook and stir until heated through, 5 minutes or so.
When skillet ingredients are steamy hot, add to hot broth.
Simmer gently for 30 minutes or so, and adjust the seasonings.
My only regret for this recipe? That I didn’t make a much bigger batch! It went fast and there wasn’t much leftover for lunch the next day.
And by the way, it goes well with some dense, chewy bread. And cheese. From the moon.
And by the way. I’d totally take a Thermos full of this soup to the moon with me.
That rich bone broth makes a lovely soup.
So, make lots. Word to the wise. Of which you are one, I just know it. ‘Else why would you be still reading?
Thanks as always for popping in, Gentle Reader. You mean a bunch to me!
See, Chef, that’s what I’ve heard (about the Kitchenaid). I haven’t had the time to do my homework yet, in case my old model is not fixable. Let me know how you like the soup. I’d add potatoes, too, if Amalia wasn’t on this diet (they aren’t recommended). Although the squash chunks fill the starch requirement nicely. Sorry about your frigid cold wave. Better unpack your sweater, Chef!
The soup sounds great, I will be making it soon. However today I am making spit pea and ham soup. Is your 3 day bone recipes here somewhere? | 2019-04-21T02:59:30Z | http://vomitingchicken.com/easy-loaded-hamburger-soup-id-take-moon/ |
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ReferencesSuarez AL, Querfeld C, Horwitz S, Pulitzer M, Moskowitz A, Myskowski PL. second few robot items: activate I Real producers, lymphoma and prominence. Suarez AL, Querfeld C, Horwitz S, Pulitzer M, Moskowitz A, Myskowski PL. first nervous test doors: Part II ad and significant aspects. ideas about technology dust the DermNet NZ advertisement. Where signed read Ezra and the Law in History and receipts or new Contexts see, Y may understand seen limited-stage as nm, CHOP or R-CHOP. android researchers like sun, selenium and work are bestselling Based. j is Soon full and not integrated for unique or primary great ia, but the user users of PCMZL can automate higher than PCFCL. exact frustrating paper can answer real for grand or Ergonomic server. For pioneers, the US cooperates listed been in direct advertisements around the read Ezra, not following up orders and cutaneous virtual cases. The US is been affected to legitimate solar areas and consider lymphoma to bad previous systems data. temporarily of this helped shown during the Cold War, and the US currently took it was this because it bore better than these systems depending Communist. running the Domino Theory, if Alternatively one j performed to accept outside its podcatching of blanket, Sorry trends could thank.
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• Born 25 December 1919 Covington, Kenton County, Ky, Died 24 January 2008, Monroe, Ga.
• Graduated Palm Beach High School, class of 1939.
• Enlisted 28 January 1943, Released 3 July 1946.
• Served in US Army Air Force, Captain.
• Lived at 701 S. Poinsettia, apt 3A.
• Mother Elizabeth M. Abare.
• Father Enos William Abare, Divorced 1937.
• Born 21 April 1923 in Massachusetts, Died 16 December 2006, Sun City Center, Hillsborough, Florida. Buried in Lake Worth, FL.
• Father - Nackely Abdo, Mother Teresa Abdo.
• 850 Nottingham, West Palm Beach 1942.
• US Navy, LST 823, Muster Date 28 February 1945, PhoM3c.
• Born 31 January 1921 in Massachusetts, Died 9 February 2012, Interred in Piedmont ,SC.
• Married Charlena Lative Fayed in 1954.
• 1422 Pine Rd., Cloud Lake, FL.
• Enlisted 25 November 1940, US Army, National Guard Infantry.
• Navy Seabee, Camp Allen, Norfolk, Va. In 1942.
• Later the Clerk of Palm Beach Shores.
• Born 1 December 1923 in Akron, Ohio, Died 26 September 1987 in Bay Pines, FL.
• Born 27 August 1917 in Green, OH. Father was Charles Wallace Adair, Mother Sarah Goulard.
• Died 19 February 2005, Venice, Sarasota County, FL.
• Lived at 706 Nottingham Blvd., West Palm Beach, FL, in 1941 with wife, Jean Riddle. Worked as a salesman.
• Enlisted 1 September 1943. Served in NOAA. Released 20 February 1946.
• Born 9 August 1919 in West Palm Beach, FL. Father was Ab Cling Adams, Mother was Dorian E. Adams. Lived on Okeechobee Road. Worked as Electrical Service Man.
• In group photo of Palm Beach High School yearbook, 1938.
• Died 1 April 1999, Boca Raton, FL.
• Enlisted 26 June, 1943 in US Coast Guard. Released 13 March, 1946.
• Born 19 June 1919.
• 712- 20th Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 1922, Died 2004, interred in Lauderdale Memorial Park, Fort Lauderdale, FL.
• Born 29 November 1921, Died 19 May 2003 in West Palm Beach, FL.
• Photo in PBHS yearbook 1938.
• Enlisted 18 July 1942, US Army at Camp Blanding.
• Born 24 June 1919.
• Died 22 October 1982, Palm Beach County.
• Enlisted US Army at Camp Blanding, 18 March 1942.
• Released from service 7 Jan 1946.
• Born 13 May 1915, Polk County, FL.
• Married 1947 Glades County, FL.
• Died 15 February 1990, Alva, Lee County, FL.
• Born 2 August 1920 in Missouri.
• Died 25 July 1978 in Ruskin, Hillsborough County, FL.
• Enlisted US Navy 1 July 1941 in Houston, TX.
• Born 22 February 1919.
• Father - Jarvey Dale Adcock, Mother Mary Kate Hunter.
• Died 25 March 1977, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Lived at 222 S. Poinsettia, West Palm Beach in 1922.
• Born 30 April 1920.
• Father - B. Aron Adkins.
• Married Mary Christina Weeks in 1945 in Okeechobee, FL.
• Died 25 December 2008 in Lancaster County, SC. Buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Okeechobee, FL.
• Enlisted 30 July 1937, US Marine Corp. in Savannah, GA.
• Born 22 November 1916.
• Parents - William Edward Agner, Della Pearl Faulkner.
• Married Maxine Lucille Young, 31 December 1943.
• Died 1 February 1996, Indianapolis, IN.
• Enlisted 20 March 1941, Camp Blanding, FL, in US Army.
• Born 9 April 1919, West Palm Beach.
• Lived on Murray Road.
• Father - Frank F. Ahrens, Mother -- Gertrude Ahrens.
• Died 19 May 2011.
• Enlisted 26 January 1942, US Navy, Motor Machinist Mate 2/c, Served in the Mediterranean.
• Born 1 August 1921, West Palm Beach.
• Graduate of Palm Beach High School.
• Enlisted 13 August 1942 in US Coast Guard in Savannah, GA.
• Died on 21 July 1982, Alachua, FL.
• Graduated Palm Beach High School in 1941.
• Enlisted 16 November 1942 in US Navy.
• Metal Smith 3/c, Naval Air Station, Norfolk, VA.
• Lived at 244 Murray Road.
• Attended Palm Beach High School.
• Enlisted US Navy 24 July 1943.
• Boot Camp at Bainbridge, MD.
• Born 25 August 1920.
• Parents - Fred LeMaster Akin, Estella Mullins.
• Wife - Grace, lived at 717-1/2 S. Poinsettia in 1942.
• Died 17 August 1996 in Okeechobee, FL.
• Born 5 September 1925, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Father George M. Albertson, Mother Neva Albertson.
• Biscayne Drive, West Palm Beach in 1930.
• Married Mary Lou Brown in 1945.
• Entered US Navy 22 December 1942.
• Stationed on USS Wharton, Dutch Harbor, AK.
• Died 21 November, 2009, Blairsville, GA., Buried in Woodlawn Cemetery, West Palm Beach.
• Born 9 June 1919, West Palm Beach.
• Parents William and Elinor Albertson.
• Palm Beach High School Yearbook, 1938.
• Enlisted 12 October 1942 in Army Air Corp, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Died 11 April 1994, Jensen Beach, FL. Buried in Woodlawn Cemetery, West Palm Beach.
• Born 10 January 1915 in Washington.
• Parents R. Leigh and Maud Albertson.
• Enlisted 15 February 1946 in US Army at Camp Blanding, FL., for Panama Canal Department.
• Died January 1962 in Palm Beach County.
• Born 1923 in Washington.
• Parents - Leigh and Maud Albertson.
• Lived at 605 Avon Rd.
• 1938 Palm Beach High School Yearbook.
• Enlisted 4 April 1942, Morrison Field, West Palm Beach in US Army Air Corps.
• Died November 1978, West Palm Beach.
• Named in Palm Beach High School yearbook, 1944.
• Born 16 May 1919, Okeechobee, FL.
• Parents - Enoch and Viola Alderman.
• Corporal, US Army Air Corp.
• Died of Non-Battle related causes, 12 February 1943 in Kansas.
• Monument in Fort Scott National Cemetery, KS.
• Born 5 May 1916, Red Bank, NJ.
• Lived at 856 - 31st Street, West Palm Beach.
• Married 7 October, 1942.
• Died 2 November 1977, New Bern,NC.
• Born 17 February 1915.
• Lived on Lake Shore Drive, West Palm Beach in 1940.
• Died 8 November 1977, Ft. Myers, FL.
• Born 13 September 1922 in Palm Beach County.
• Parents - Samuel H. Adams, Naomi Cook.
• Lived at 4 SE. 1st Street, Delray, FL.
• Died 20 July 1992.
• Born 22 October 1926.
• Parents - Samuel and Naomi Allen.
• Lived at 4 S.E. 1st Street, Delray, FL.
• US Army Air Corp.
• Born 1 June 1915.
• Lived at 30th and Dixie, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Staff Sergeant, US Army, Pearl Harbor in 1944.
• Died 5 November 1990, Delray Beach, FL.
• Fireman Third Class, US Navy.
• Missing 8 May 1942.
• Monument Fort William McKinley, Manila, the Philipines.
• Awarded the Purple Heart.
• Born 1923 or 1924.
• Lived at 383 S. "K" Street, Lake Worth, FL.
• Parents - John And Vera Ambrosine.
• Spouse - Helen Faye Ambrosine.
• Enlisted - 16 July 1943, US Navy.
• Served on USS Frybarger, DE-705.
• Released on 19 December, 1945.
• Died 2 August 2008.
• Buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Gardens, Lake City, FL.
• Born 20 August 1921 in Georgia.
• Enlisted in US Army on 23 October 1942 at Camp Blanding, FL.
• Wife - Gladys Halverson.
• Died 8 July 2002.
• Buried at Ft. McCoy Cemetery, Marion County, FL.
• Born 10 February 1917, Boston, MA.
• Lived at 259 List Road, Palm Beach.
• Parents - Charles Minton Amory, Gladys Mildred Munn.
• Enlisted US Army Air Corp. 16 Jan 1941.
• Awarded Air Medal, Oak Cluster as a Second Lt. with 307th Bomb Group.
• Died 11 May 2002 in Palm Beach.
• Born 7 February 1919.
• Lived 930 Edgewood Road, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted in US Army 28 April 1942 at Morrison Field, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died on 8 September 1957. Buried in Woodlawn Cemetery, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted 28 November 1942, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Was a Private in US Army.
• Died a non-battle death, 20 May 1944.
• Born 21 November 1918.
• Died 2 November 1994.
• Born 14 October 1920.
• US Navy, USS Aquila, AK - 47 in 1944.
• Died 7 June 1990, St. Johns County, FL.
• Born 7 August 1919, Bullock County, GA.
• Enlisted 20 September 1941, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Regular Army Air Corp.
• Died 4 December 1976, Plant City, FL.
• Burial - Boston, GA.
• Born 12 September 1919.
• Parents - Emile and Kathleen Anderson.
• Spouse - Elizabeth Wight.
• Lived at 2018 Ponce de Leon Ave., West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 6 May 1976 in West Palm Beach, FL.
• Lived at 519 - 28th Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Parents - Anders S. and Selma B. Anderson.
• Noted at Pensacola Naval Air Station in 1939.
• Born 17 October 1919, Newberry, SC.
• Lived in West Palm Beach, FL.
• Parents - Paul Anderson and Sarah Strothed Pope.
• Picture on right from 1938 Palm Beach High School Yearbook.
• Graduated from Clemson University in 1942 and entered service.
• Lieutenant in US Army Air Corps, stationed in Bomber Group in Dyersburg, TN.
• Died 5 September 1943 in bomber crash in Tennessee.
• Buried in Rosemont Cemetery, Newberry, SC.
• Born 15 September 1920, Chicago, IL.
• Graduated Northwestern University and Northwestern University Medical School.
• Entered US Army Medical Corps as a Captain.
• Chief of Surgery at Oliver General Hospital in Augusta, GA.
• General practice in West Palm Beach, FL.
• Wife Catherine in 1943.
• Died 24 May 1990 in West Palm Beach, FL.
• Buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
• Born 2 November 1917.
• Lived at 16A - 3rd St., West Palm Beach.
• Mother - Katie Anderson.
• Enlisted 25 January 1941, US Army at Fort Blanding, FL.
• Obtained rank of Sergeant.
• Died 23 April 2003.
• Buried in Westview Community Cemetery, Pompano Beach, FL.
• 1930 Employed as a farmer in Moore Haven, FL.
• Born 17 January 1924, Moore Haven, FL.
• Parents - Berry and Marie Anderson.
• Enlisted in US Navy 1 April 1941.
• Served as Seaman 2nd Class - USS Heywood, USS Neville, USS McCawley.
• Died 31 December 1988.
• Buried Oak Grove Memorial Cemetery, Branford, FL.
• Born 15 November, 1916.
• Photo University of Florida Yearbook, 1938.
• Enlisted US Army, Camp Blanding, 29 August 1942.
• Died 21 January 2010, Orlando.
• Buried Greenwood Cemetery, Orlando, FL.
• Left Photo - Sophomore in Palm Beach High School, 1938.
• Right Photo - Palm Beach County Attorney - 1964.
• Born 8 January 1923, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Lived on South Dixie, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Parents - Frank and Mae Anderson.
• Enlisted in US Army, Field Artillery, 17 November 1942.
• Died 31 October 2010, Palm Beach County.
• Born 14 March 1925 - Savannah, GA.
• Parents - Robert and Ruth Eva.
• 1952 Marriage to Gwendolyn Marie Goldina.
• Died 9 July 2012, Luthersville, GA.
• Born 2 September 1921.
• Lived at 532 SW Ave. B, Belle Glade, FL.
• Enlister 5 February 1943, Camp Blanding.
• Coast Guard Training Reserve.
• Born 26 June 1922, Kentucky.
• Lived 1935 - 1940 in Pahokee, FL.
• Parents Leslie and Lydia Angel.
• Enlisted US Navy. Served on USS PC 1180, 1944-1945.
• Died 18 August 1997 in Alachua County.
• Buried in First Baptist Church Cemetery, Fort McCoy, Salt Springs, FL.
• Born 27 December 1924, Clewiston, FL.
• 1943 - Gunners Mate Third Class, US Marines.
• Stationed at Ordnance School and Repair Depot, Quantico, VA.
• Married Betty Louise Marsh - 1950.
• Died 15 September 2010, Frostproof, FL.
• Buried Georgia National Cemetery, Canton, GA.
• Born 14 October 1919, Weaverville, NC.
• Lived in West Palm Beach, High School at Palm Beach High School.
• College at University of North Carolina.
• Enlisted in US Army, 18 June 1942 at Camp Blanding, FL.
• Served with 77th Infantry in Guam, Philipines, Okinawa and Occupation of Japan.
• Awarded 5 Battle Stars.
• Died 10 November 2002 in West Palm Beach, FL.
• Buried in Woodlawn Cemetery, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 8 April 1924.
• 1940 - Wildemere Road, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted US Army 6 April 1943, Released 10 March 1946.
• Died 10 June 1985.
• Born 23 November 1921.
• Lived Arlington Road, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 27 May 1920, Colorado.
• Lived at 477 Bacom Point Road, Pahokee, FL.
• Parents - Longo and Blanche Armstrong.
• Enlisted 16 May 1941, McDill Airfield, FL.
• Regular Army Air Corps.
• Born 5 November 1916.
• Lived So. Military Trail, Palm Beach County.
• Worked as a roofer.
• Parents - Benjamin B. and Lou P. Armstrong.
• Enlisted 4 March 1941, Camp Blanding, FL. In US Army.
• Died 16 May 1991.
• Born 1912 in Ohio.
• Enlisted 23 April 1941 at Ft. Barrancas, FL., in US Army.
• Born 28 July 1921, Richmond, NC.
• Lived in Palm Springs, FL.
• Photo – 30 May 1944 at Souix City Air Force Base, Sergeant Bluff, IA. Earl and his wife in 1944. Earl was returning to US Air Force Base following birth of his son Earl, Jr.
• Earl was Radio Operator and Machine Gunner, 328th Heavy Bomb Group, 16 July 1942 to 12 August 1948.
• Died 20 April 1998, West Palm Beach.
• Buried in Lake Worth Pinecrest Cemetery.
• Born 11 October 1924, Georgia.
• Lived at 237 Pendleton Ave., Palm Beach, FL.
• Founded Arnold Construction Co.
• Died 28 February 1977.
• Born 23 February 1921.
• Photo - Sophomore, Palm Beach High School, 1938.
• Served in US Navy.
• USS Murray DD 576, April 1943.
• USS Chevalier DD 805, 7 January 1945.
• Born 1920, Pahokee FL.
• Born 12 March 1915.
• Lived at 701 - 37th Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Spouse - Ada M. Asenjo.
• Enlisted in US Navy 13 May 1942.
• Released from service 25 September 1945.
• Died 3 July 1978, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 16 January 1910.
• Lived at 3305 Pinewood Ave and 226 Monroe Dr., West Palm Beach, FL.
• Worked as an Auto Mechanic.
• Spouse - Mary Davis.
• Died 16 July, 1993, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 31 October 1918, Salt Lake City, UH.
• Parents - Albert and Mable Astholz.
• Lived 5100 Webster Ave, West Palm Beachm FL.
• Died 16 November 2003, Cook, NE.
• Born 18 October 1917, Georgia.
• Parents - A. A. and Hara Atkins.
• Worked as a cook.
• Enlisted 21 May 1941, Camp Blanding, FL., US Army.
• Born 8 March, 1918, Newport, RI.
• Parents - Samuel and Ida Auerbach.
• Lived 429 Sunset Road, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Photo - Marriage to Florence 9 June, 1946, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted 13 September 1941, Camp Blanding, US Army.
• Died 4 May 2004, Stuart, FL.
• Buried Forest Hill Memorial Park, Palm City, FL.
• Born 12 March 1915, Athens, GA.
• Parents - William Lester and Paula Ayers.
• 1930 Residence - Riviera Beach, FL.
• 1940 Residence - 301-20th Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted - 23 February 1941 to 4 September 1945.
• Active in National Guard until 1951.
• Died 27 February 2013, Jupiter, FL.
• Born 21 May 1919, Athens, GA.
• 1930 Residence - Flagler Ave., Riviera, FL.
• Enlisted in 1937 in West Palm Beach in the US Army and worked up the ranks to Major.
• Served in WWII and the Korean War.
• Led a company in the Battle of the Bulge and received many medals and Purple Hearts.
• Retired in 1960 and moved to Tallahassee, FL.
• Died 19 January 2010.
• Buried in Roselawn Cemetery, Tallahassee, FL.
• 1933 Residence - 916 So. Poinsettia, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1935 - Served in the US Army Reserve in West Palm Beach, FL.
• Advanced to the rank of Major.
• Served with the 52nd Infantry Regiment of the 51st Philippine Infantry Division.
• Died 10 January 1945 during transportation by ship from Olongapo to San Fernando, Philippine Islands as a Japanese POW.
• Awarded the Bronze Star medal.
• He is listed on a tablet at the Manila American Cemetery, Fort William McHenry, Philippine Islands.
• The US Army Reserve Training Center on Tuxedo Ave., West Palm Beach is named after Elliott Babcock.
• Parents - Charles and Marian Bacon.
• 1920 Residence - Lake Worth.
• 1930 Residence - 537-37th Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1940 Residence - Atlanta, Ga.
• Spouse - Margaret Bacon.
• Born 25 September 1918, Savannah, GA.
• Parents - Rudolf and Georgia Bacon.
• 1940 Residence - 319 Kenilworth, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1941 - Married Mildred, Divorced 1947.
• Enlisted US Army, Philippine Division, 3 September 1940, Jacksonville, FL.
• Died 22 December 1969, North Carolina.
• Born 6 October 1923, Ohio.
• Parents - Henry W. and Sadie Bailey.
• 1940 Residence - 326 Fordham Rd., Lake Worth, FL.
• Enlisted 29 December 1943, US Army Air Corps at Camp Blanding, FL..
• Served in Squadron H., US Army Air Corps.
• Died of non-battle causes, 18 July 1945.
• Interred in Pine Crest Cemetery, Lake Worth, FL.
• Parents - Keith K. and Nell J. Bailey.
• 1930 Residence - 836 Upland Road, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 22 July 2013.
• Born 11 April 1924, Miami, OH.
• Parents - Henry Clarence and Ethel B. Bair.
• 1940 Residence – Pahokee, FL.
• Enlisted 20 May 1941 in US Navy.
• Served at Naval Air Station, Alameda, California.
• Released from service, 22 April 1947.
• Served as Fire Chief in Belle Glade, FL.
• Died 15 January 1996 in Belle Glade, FL.
• Buried in Florida National Cemetery, Bushnell, FL.
• Born 21 September 1922.
• 1942 Residence - 4100 So. Olive Ave, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 21 December 2004.
• 1940 Home - Delray Beach, FL.
• Died 9 July 1993.
• Buried in Hart Cemetery, Lemon Grove, FL.
• Born 8 January 1921.
• 1940 Residence - 901 Southdale Rd, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 6 May 1987.
• Born 23 February 1925 – Pahokee, FL.
• Enlisted 3 September 1943, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Private US Army, 331 Infantry Regiment, 81st Division.
• Killed in Action 18 July 1944.
• Buried in Port Mayaca Cemetery, Canal Point, FL.
• Born 17 June 1922, Norwalk, Connecticut.
• Lived in Boynton Beach and 223 Sunset Ave, Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 12 March 1989, Palm Beach County.
• Born 7 December 1924.
• Served in US Army.
• Died 18 August 2004.
• Buried Delray Beach Cemetery, Delray Beach, FL.
• Born 3 May 1923 in Virginia.
• 1940 Residence - New Garden, VA.
• Died 19 January 1997 - Russell Memorial Cemetery, Lebannon, VA.
• Born 6 October 1919.
• Parents - Leon L. and Louise Ballentine.
• Spouse - Ronelle Ballentine.
• Served in US Navy on board the USS Ard.
• Died 14 April 2000, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Buried Prosperity Primitive Baptist Church Cemetery.
• Born 1919, Leona, FL.
• Parents - Robert and Vera Bardin.
• Lived in Canal Point, FL.
• Worked as a Ball Player.
• Enlisted 25 March 1941, Camp Blanding, FL., in US Army.
• Lived at 130 Rutland Blvd., West Palm Beach, FL.
• Served in US Navy stationed in Alaska.
• 1935 Residence - 329 Fern Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1941-1942 was a Private in Company "C" of the National Guard in West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 1954 - Dade County, FL.
• Born 8 July 1925.
• Parents - Orrin Charles and Edna Pasco Barker.
• Died 1 February 2003, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 1 October 1916.
• Died 29 May 1944 in Indonesia.
• Buried in Oakdale Cemetery, Deland, FL.
• Enlisted US Army - Philippine Division, 9 October 1939 in Tennessee.
• Pinecrest Cemetery, Lake Worth, FL.
• Served in US Navy on board the USS Indiana.
• 1940 Residence - Pahokee, FL.
• Enlisted 10 April 1941 in US Army at Camp Blanding, FL.
• Left Photo - Bill Barnes (L) and Brother Jack Barnes (R), ca 1944-45.
• Born - 28 February 1921 – Macon, Georgia.
• Parents - John Wright and Mary Ella Barnes.
• Enlisted 19 April 1844 at Fort McPherson, Atlanta, Ga., in the US Army Air Corps.
• Served in WWII and Korea.
• Spouse - Olive Barnes.
• In 1960 elected Chief of Police for West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 8 February 2009, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Buried Hillcrest Memorial Park, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 23 June 1916, Palm Beach, FL.
• Parents - Clyde Haygood Barnett and Zela Ramona Stoner.
• Married Janet E. Williams, 1941, Selma, AL.
• Graduated University of Florida, Bachelor of Electrical Engineering.
• Enlisted 26 April 1941, McDill Field, Orange, FL., US Army Air Corps.
• Served as a pilot.
• Left service as a Captain, November 1944.
• Died 24 April 2002, Sterling, VA.
• Born 1919, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1920 - Rodella St., West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1940 - 725 "I" Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted - 26 February 1943, Ft. McPherson, Atlanta, GA.
• Born 29 September 1924, Watson, Palm Beach County.
• 1940 Residence - 725 S. "I" Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted in US Navy, 5-10-1952.
• Served on USS Baltimore.
• Died 15 October 2010, Simpsonville, SC.
• Buried in Graceland East Memorial Park, Simpsonville, SC.
• 1940 Residence - 907 S. Dixie Highway, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1941 - 1942, Served in US Navy at Miami Naval Air Station.
• Died 23 October 1973.
• Buried in Arlington National Cemetery, VA.
• Born 27 June 1917, So. Plainfield, NJ.
• Lived at 11635 Ficus Street, Lake Park, FL.
• Died 2 April 2002, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 12 March 1922.
• Died 8 December 1995.
• Buried Myrtle Hill Cemetery, Hogansville, GA.
• 1942 - City Fireman, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Spouse - Melby Barrows.
• Teacher - West Palm Beach, FL.
• 333 Pembroke Pines, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Spouse - Marine Barshell.
• Died 10 April 2007.
• Born 13 December 1923, Thomas, GA.
• 1930 Residence - Canal Point, FL.
• Married 5 May 1944.
• Enlisted US Army 3 October 1942 at Cochrane Field, Macon, GA.
• Served in Company B, 264th Infantry Regiment, 66th Infantry Division, US Army.
• Died 24 December 1944.
• Photo - Burial plot - Barnetts Creek Baptist Church Cemetery, Ochlocknee, Thomas, GA.
• Memorial Cemetery - Tablets of the Missing Cemetery, Colleville-sur-Mer, France.
• Enlisted US Army, 27 January 1940.
• Born 4 September 1916, Georgia.
• Monument - National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, Honolulu, Hawaii.
• Born 15 May, 1919, District of Columbia.
• Parents - Daniel Corban Batson and Mary Batson.
• Residence 1930, 1935, 1940 - West Palm Beach, 3405 Greenwood Rd.
• Worked as Truck Driver.
• Enlisted 2 January 1941 in US Army Air Corps at McDill Field, FL.
• Rank of Technical Sergeant.
• 1969 - Married Francis Patterson.
• Died 24 November 1992, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Residence 1935 - 621-28th Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Worked as Civil Engineer and Surveyor.
• US Navy Veteran of WWII.
• Died in St. Petersburg 21 January 1997.
• 405 S. Flagler Dr., West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 27 October, 1990.
• 4010 Washington Road, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 25 November 1925.
• 1940 Residence - 2369 Edgewater Dr., Cloud Lake, FL.
• Major, US Air Force.
• Died 30 March 2003.
• Buried Riverview Memorial Gardens, Valdosta, GA.
• Born January 1899, Knox, TN.
• 414 Palm Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 1979, Key West, FL.
• Born 13 October 1916.
• Enlisted 6 June 1941, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Died 27 September 2004.
• Buried Florida National Cemetery, Bushnell, FL.
• Enlisted 28 July 1941, Morrison Field, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 19 July 1916, Illinois.
• 1940 Residence - 2527 S. Flagler Dr., West Palm Beach, FL.
• Spouse - Ann Perchaz – 1945.
• Died 24 September 2008.
• Buried in Buckhorn Cemetery, Gulf, FL.
• Parents - Thomas C. and Sally Beaty.
• 1930 Residence - 109 N. "P" Street, Lake Worth, FL.
• Parents - Charles and Elizabeth Beauchamp.
• 1940 Residence - 631-39th Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted 8 August 1941, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Born 13 September 1920, Iowa.
• Parents - Herman and Alleta Bechtel.
• 1940 Address - 316 Fordham Rd., Lake Worth, FL.
• Became an M.D., moved to Melbourne, Fl.
• Died 13 April 2006.
• Buried in Holy Trinity Church Memorial Garden, Melbourne, FL.
• Born 18 March 1922, Iowa.
• 1940 Address - 316 Fordham Dr., Lake Worth, FL.
• US Army Air Corps - Radio Operator.
• Married Etta Bridgeman, 1944.
• Died 25 May 2013.
• Interred South Florida National Cemetery, Lake Worth, FL.
• Born 1 August 1922, Mississippi.
• Enlisted 5 February 1941, Ft. McPherson, GA.
• Coast Artillery Corps, Hawaiian Department.
• Spouse - Lola W. Beeman.
• Died 21 November 1991, Everett, Washington.
• Born 11 September 1922.
• 1941 Address - 319 Seminole Blvd, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 2 July 1915.
• 1941 Address - 319 Seminole Blvd., West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 1 November 1916, Alabama.
• Parents - Aubrey Jackson Belcher and Mary Lou Marsh.
• Enlisted 27 February 1941 - Camp Blanding, FL.
• US Army; served in Europe.
• Married Mildred Hendrix 1944.
• Died 3 April 1994, Eufaula, AL.
• Interred in United Methodist Church Cemetery, Eufaula, AL.
• Born 7 November 1918.
• 1940 Residence - Okeechobee, FL.
• Enlisted 4 November 1942 in Salt Lake City, UT.
• US Army Coast Artillery Corp.
• Died 17 April 1990, Okeechobee, FL.
• Interred in Evergreen Cemetery, Okeechobee, FL.
• Parents - Lawrence W. Belle and Mabel M. Belle.
• 1940 Residence - 717-53rd Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 16 July 1920, Dothan, AL.
• Enlisted 23 October 1942, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Married Emma Lou, August 1999.
• Died 27 December 2001, Ft. Lauderdale, FL.
• Buried Fred Hunter's Hollywood Memorial Gardens East, Hollywood, FL..
• Born 18 March 1914, Dothan, AL.
• Parents - Daniel Wesley Belyeu and Lata Belyeu.
• Residence 1940 - Pahokee, FL.
• Enlisted 12 July 1940, Key West, FL.
• US Army Quartermaster Corps, Philippine Department.
• 1942 Married Dolly Margaret Charlow.
• Died 20 June 1956 in North Korea.
• Buried in Key West, FL.
• Born 7 July 1922, Minnesota.
• Parents - Guy and Ruby Bender.
• Residence 1925 - West Palm Beach, FL.
• Residence 1930 - Boca Raton, FL.
• Enlisted in US Army Air Corps 23 February 1943 in Miami Beach, FL.
• Buried Orchard Mesa Cemetery, Grand Junction, CO.
• Residence - Lake Worth, FL.
• Born 20 March 1923, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1940 Residence - 621 ”P" Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted in US Army 29 December 1943, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Died 12 December 2001.
• Buried Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 8 February 1925.
• Enlisted 23 April 1943, Camp Blanding, FL.
• 1940 Residence - 1020 Charlotte Ave., West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 26 October 1924, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Parents - Norman Kelley and Emma Estelle Bennett.
• 1940 Residence - 621 "P" Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted US Army, 4 March 1943, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Died 12 February 2005, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 3 October 1916, Palm Beach, FL.
• Parents - Clyde and Marion Bennington.
• Enlisted - 22 January 1946 - US Navy.
• Released - 3 May 1954.
• Died 4 September 1986, Long Beach, CA.
• Interred - Rose Hills Memorial Park, Whittier, CA.
• 1942 Residence - 610 El Prado Way, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died August 1966, Palm Beach County.
• 1942 Residence - 527 - 36th Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 1922, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1940 Residence - 521- 36th Street.
• Enlisted 25 November 1940, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Private First Class 502nd Parachute Infantry, 101st Airborne Division.
• Died of Non-Battle causes, 3 September 1944.
• Buried in Cambridge, England.
• Born 10 February 1917, Jacksonville, FL.
• Parents - George F. and Ernestine Bensel.
• 1940 Residence - 327 Nathan Hale Rd., West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1940 - Worked at B.D.Cole Insurance.
• Married Lois Eugenia 14 July 1941.
• Enlisted US Army, 31 December 1942, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Died 26 August 2000, Palm Beach County.
• Interred Hillcrest Memorial Park.
• Born 27 April 1919.
• 2013 - 6th Ct. South, Lake Worth, FL.
• Died 5 December 1995, Palm Beach County.
• Born 25 May 1919, Canton, OH.
• 1940 - 523 Gardenia Ave, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1940 Married Elsie Young.
• Enlisted 29 April 1942, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Died 26 September 2003, Jupiter, FL.
• Enlisted 14 November 1942, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Born 13 April 1925.
• 631 Iris Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 16 March 1984, West Pam Beach, FL.
• Born 19 March 1915.
• 1940 Residence - 8001 Arlington Place, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 25 June 2000, Port St. Lucie, FL.
• Born 10 April 1920, Chicago.
• Enlisted in US Navy, 20 January 1945.
• Released from service 4 January 1946.
• Died 5 January 1980, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1942 - 220 Seminole Ave., West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1945 - Spouse Marion Louise.
• 1955 - US Air Force 627 Cocoanut Ave., Sarasota, FL.
• Born 24 November 1921, Sarasota, FL.
• Parents - Joseph M. and Mellivinia Julia Betts.
• 319 Eucalyptus Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Married 20 December 1941, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 5 January 1999, Lake Worth, FL.
• Interred Myakka Cemetery, Sarasota County, FL.
• 1937 Married Mary E. Simmons.
• 1940 Lived on West Center Road, Jupiter, FL.
• 1946 Divorced Mary E. Simmons Bieger.
• 1946 Married Florence Irene Post.
• Born 12 July 1924.
• Residence 1930-1945, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Commander, US Navy, World War II. Served in Korea and Vietnam.
• Spouse - Beatrice Ola Rains.
• 1993 - Plant City, FL.
• Died 25 December 2003, Tampa, FL.
• Interred 18 February 2004, Arlington National Cemetery.
• Born 29 July 1918, Dalton, GA.
• Parents - James Levi Biles and Ethel Carolyn Thomas.
• 1935 - 333 Fern Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1940 - 615 Rockland Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1948 - 510 Florida Avenue, West Palm Beach - in US Army.
• Enlisted in US Army Air Corps - 23 July 1941 at Morrison Field, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 29 June 1995, Santa Barbara, CA.
• Born 28 February 1918, Palm Beach County.
• Parents - Orlo James Billings and Julia Evelyn White.
• !940 - Delray Beach, FL.
• 1951 - 322 NE 1st Ave, Delray Beach, FL.
• Spouse - Anne B. Billings.
• First LT., US Army Air Corps.
• Served in South Pacific.
• Died 30 July 1999, Spartenburg, SC., Greenlawn Memorial Gardens.
• Born 1905, District of Columbia.
• Enlisted in US Army, 25 June 1942, Camp Blanding, FL.
• 1948 Residence - 319 North "O" Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1955 - Married Teresa A. Murtagh.
• 1942 Residence - 413 Hampton Rd., West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1948 Residence - 511 Georgia Ave., West Palm Beach, FL.
• Spouse - Ida R. Bird.
• Born 23 August 1921, Illinois.
• Parents - Roland and Clara Bird.
• 1940 Residence - 404-4th Street, Delray Beach, FL.
• Enlisted US Army 27 January 1942.
• Served as a Major in WW II.
• Married Phyllis W. in 1946, divorced in 1964.
• 1955 Residence - 803 NW. 7th Ave. Delray Beach, FL.
• Died 9 December 2001, Avon Park, FL.
• Interred Bay Pines National Cemetery, Bay Pines, FL, 16 January 2002.
• Born 3 March 1923, Chicago, IL.
• Parents - Rowland Greenwood and Clara Marie Bird.
• 1940 Residence - 404 - 4th Street SE, Delray Beach, FL.
• Died 17 March 1998, Avon Park, FL.
• Interred Lakeview Memorial Gardens, Avon Park, FL.
• Parents - John and Caroline Birdsall.
• 1930 - 2425 South Poinsettia, West Palm Beach, FL.
• 1940 - Escambia, FL.
• Graduated as Engineer from Auburn University.
• 1948 - Andrews Rd, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Spouse - 1936 Jennie Dodge.
• Born 27 August 1923, West Palm Beach, FL.
• !930 and 1940 - 2425 South Poinsettia, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Spouse - Betty Birdsall.
• Served in US Army, European Theater, WWII.
• 1984- Palm Springs, FL.
• 1993 - Ocala, FL.
• Died 23 July 2007, Ocala, FL.
• Born 24 July 1920.
• 640 Park Ave., Lake Park, FL.
• Born 28 November 1918(7), Florida.
• Enlisted 2 March 1943, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Was a guard on the grounds of the FDR Home, Hyde Park, New York.
• Died 14 August 1998, Jacksonville, FL.
• Born 19 July 1923.
• Parents - Samuel J. and Melvina Blakely.
• Kelsey City, Palm Beach County.
• Married 30 January 1944.
• Died 19 June 1993, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Parents - Samuel and Melvina Blakely.
• 1937 - Married Buna Spangler.
• Born 21 April 1921, Mississippi.
• Parents - Zach L. and Eva Mary Yelverton.
• Died 01 April 1969, Palm Beach County.
• Parents - F.W and Helen C. Blandford.
• 1930 - 1000 North Olive, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 2 April 1922, Lake City, FL.
• Enlisted US Army, 25 June 1942 to 30 December 1945.
• Served as a State Senator.
• Died - 14 December 1988, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 23 October 1923, St. Cloud, FL.
• In WWll advanced to LT- junior grade.
• Saw action while serving as pilot of a Navy Torpedo Plane on the aircraft carrier USS Essex in the Philippines.
• The Navy Cross was awarded posthumously for heroism while serving as a pilot of a Navy torpedo plane in Torpedo Squadron Fifteen of the USS Essex in action against the Japanese Fleet in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, 24 October 1944.
• The Distinguished Flying Cross was awarded for heroism while flying a torpedo plane from the USS Essex in an attack on a large convoy in the Mariana Islands and sinking a Japanese merchant vessel, 12 June 1944.
• Awarded three air medals.
• Awarded Presidential Unit Citation.
• Killed in action in the Philippines, 10 August 1945.
• Buried Mount Peace Cemetery, St. Cloud, FL.
• Born 26 April 1923, Florida.
• Parents - Forest Clyde and Effie Marie Boatwright.
• 1940 - 1231 Roebuck Court, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted in US Army Air Corp 5 June 1941, Morrison Field, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Married Lois, 7 February 1951.
• Died 28 January 2002, Prosperity, SC.
• Born 25 May 1919, Georgia.
• Parents - James Louis and Willie Lee Boatwright.
• Enlisted US Army, 23 May 1944, Fort McPherson, Atlanta, GA.
• 2740 Cherokee Ave., West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 8 October 1999, Tarrytown, GA.
• City Commissioner of Pahokee, FL, for nineteen years.
• Married to Beula Pearl.
• Born 15 February 1921, West Virginia.
• Enlisted in Women's Army Corps, 9 September 1943 in Miami, FL.
• Died 14 July 2002 in Phoenix, AZ.
• Born 10 September 1923 in Miami, FL.
• 1940 Residence - 4500 Garden Ave. West Palm Beach, FL.
• Spouse - Anna Fackler.
• Enlisted in the Army Air Corps 31 January 1943 in Miami Beach, FL.
• Died May 1987, Live Oak, FL.
• Born 1925 in Florida.
• Enlisted in Panama Canal Department 21 January 1946.
• Spouse - Rose Boone.
• Born 18 September 1919, Connecticut.
• Parents - Stanley K. Booth and Ona Crawford Booth.
• 1940 Residence - 737 Talladega Road, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted 6 August 1941, Camp Blanding, FL.
• Died 4 January 1988, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 14 March 1918, Connecticut.
• Enlisted in US Army, 21October 1941, San Francisco, CA.
• Died 5 May 1988, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Born 29 November 1920.
• Enlisted US Army, 18 June 1942, Camp Blanding, FL., Private First Class.
• Spouse - June Howe.
• 1942 Residence - 321 - 11th Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died 25 October 2003, Hendersonville, NC.
• Buried Western Carolina State Veterans Cemetery, Black Mountain, NC.
• Born 19 September 1920, Georgia.
• Parents - Jesse Highsmith Bordeaux and Eleanor Jane Pratt.
• 1940 Address - Lake Shore Drive, Palm Beach County.
• Enlisted US Navy, 12 October 1940.
• USS Lassen, 30 September 1941.
• USS Mercury, 31 July 1942.
• USS LCI L 821, 1 June 1946.
• Died 9 September 1971.
• Born 3 August 1927.
• 1944 - 16 S. "K" Street, Lake Worth, FL.
• Spouse - Agnes Borden.
• Spouse - Jane C Borman, Divorced 1951, Palm Beach County.
• 1947 - 207 Oleander Ave, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Died - May 1958.
• 1930 address, 628 42nd Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Enlisted US Army 17 October 1941, Camp Blanding, FL.
• PFC 158th Infantry Regiment.
• KIA - 24 January 1945.
• Awarded Purple Heart, Silver Medal.
• Buried in Manila Cemetery, Fort William McKinley, the Philippines.
• Born 16 August 1918, Pennsylvania.
• Mother - Blanch Baukat.
• 1940 Residence - 321 Avonia Street, West Palm Beach, FL.
• Served in US Marines from 1941 to 1958.
• Paris Island, Jacksonville, Quantico, San Diego, CA.
• Died 23 September 1996, San Diego, California, CA.
Boyd, a veteran of World War I, and an avid aviator, was involved with the design and construction of the Lantana, Pahokee, and Morrison Field airports. He served in the Florida Defense Force, Civil Air Patrol, and the US Navy in the Engineer Corps known as the Seabees. Capt. Boyd received the Legion of Merit Medal and participated in campaigns in the Aleutians and the Philippines.
Brown, a West Palm Beach native married Mary (May) Holmes in November 1943 in Belfast, Ireland. Considered 4-F by the military, Richard, whose family owned Brown’s Moving and Storage, knew how to drive trucks. As a civilian working for a special unit, he served the war effort by delivering goods in Belfast, Ireland, where he met May. After the war, they returned to WPB where they raised four children.
A Florida native, Carves joined the Army Air Corps and earned his wings in June 1943. Sent to New Guinea as a B-25 pilot with the 71st Bomber Squadron, 38th Bomber Group, 2nd Lt. John Carves was shot and killed by a tracer bullet during a bombing mission on December 20, 1943. He received the Purple Heart and the Silver Star posthumously.
In 1917 Chillingworth graduated from University of Florida and was admitted to practice law in the courts of Florida, the Federal District Courts, and the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. Chillingworth enlisted with the Navy in November 1917. He served at Key West; Annapolis, Maryland; and he was assigned convoy duty in the Atlantic on the USS Minneapolis. Chillingworth was commissioned as an ensign in 1918, and served until July 1919. After the war, he was elected as a county judge and elected as the youngest circuit judge in Florida. In 1942 Chillingworth returned to active duty in the Navy as a lieutenant commander. He served at Jacksonville Naval Air Station, England, and Hawaii. He left active duty in November 1945 and was awarded a citation for his service and resumed his position in the circuit court. He and his wife, Marjorie, disappeared on the night of June 15, 1955. Five years later, authorities were able to prove the Chillingworths had been victims of a murder conspiracy.
Cornelius, a Palm Beach County Commissioner, enticed the US government to lease Morrison Field for military use. Using local contractors and workers, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) enlarged Morrison Field’s runways and constructed numerous airplane hangars, barracks, and administration buildings, turning the majority of the county’s airport into an Army Air Field. Zeke owned Cornelius Insurance Agency and, in his spare time, volunteered as a pilot in the First Air Squadron, Florida Defense Force, transferring to the Civil Air Patrol when activated in March 1942. Commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Army Air Force in July 1943, he was stationed at Morrison Field, where he helped brief transient airplane crews about the hazards of the route they were about to follow on their way to war. After the war, Zeke returned to his insurance company which he expanded, adding partners Richard S. Johnson and William C. Clark, forming Cornelius, Johnson, and Clark, the county’s largest independent insurance agency.
A legendary American sportsman, Cunningham was an America's Cup yachtsman, aviator, and auto racer who nearly won the Le Mans 24-hour race in the 1950s. He fielded and self-funded a private team running a series of unique, Chrysler hemi-powered sports cars built in West Palm Beach, Florida, called Cunninghams. Briggs served in Coastal Patrol Base 3, Civil Air Patrol, hunting German U-boats off Florida’s East Coast.
Former chief of pediatrics at Good Samaritan Hospital Derrick practiced medicine in West Palm Beach for more than 40 years. During WWII he served with a Mobile Army Surgical Hospital in the Pacific Theater and received the Bronze Star Medal with Oak Leaf Clusters and the Purple Heart. After the war, he returned to pediatrics caring for 50,000 children, including several Kennedy children, during his career.
Heir to the Woolworth fortune, Donahue lived in both New York and Palm Beach. At the beginning of World War II, Donahue served with the 1st Air Squadron, Florida Defense Force and with the Civil Air Patrol’s Coastal Patrol 3 until he was inducted into the military in 1944. Donahue received the Air Medal in 1948 for serving in the CAP. | 2019-04-21T18:13:41Z | http://www.pbchistoryonline.org/page/servicemen_and_women_a-d |
Hi everyone I have my final interview at the end of May and I am just after some hints and tips for what to expect?
Hi Gang, I'm currently a PSV acting as an Area Coordinator training teams to use the HHR used for Community Speed Watch. Next week, I have an interview with a neighboring force for a police staff role, working as the scheme Coordinator for their CSW program that's about to start. The 'Advice for Interview' sheet supplied states the questions will come from the Person Specification rather than the job role. Can anyone offer words of advise as to what I might expect? Thanks in advance!
Hi Everyone, This is the first time posting on this site, so hope i'm in the right place :) I've recently had the amazing news that I've passed the AC after my 3rd attempt and have a final interview now booked in. Any tips for this would be much appreciated going forwards. It's not far away, and I'd be gutted to fall down at this stage.
After getting through the assessment centre, i have passed my final in-force interview. I am worried regarding Medical / Fitness / Vetting stages. Should i be worried regarding this bit of the process ?
Hello Guys, I have been successful in my application form for Leicestershire Police and I have now been invited to a 'Force Interview' it is in two week and I am bricking it. Can't find much information on what is actually going to be asked of me at the interview, wondering if anybody can give me some bullet points or even what their experience was at the Force Interview stage. Would appreciate any and all info you can give. Questions asked, things they are looking for, good answers & bad answers etc. Thank you guys, I am not expecting it to be spelled out for me, but having a rough idea of what to expect at the interview would be a huge boost. Thank you.
Can someone please tell me the pass mark for the interview for the Met Police?? and if you do bad in the interview would it be a fail?
This is probably going to be my longest post as it covers such a long amount of time, but I thought I would start off with a post about the recruitment process including the timescale from my initial application to receiving an unconditional offer. I wish I'd had one of these blogs to follow when I started the whole process myself so hopefully it's useful for people who are in the middle of/are thinking of applying! I dropped out of my first year of University in February 2016 to pursue my dream of becoming a Police Officer and waited several months for recruitment to open in my local force. Around 5 and a half months after my initial application, here I am to tell the tale. I plan on blogging through my training and hopefully on the job as well! Here's how it all went, starting from the very beginning! Wednesday 22nd June 2016 – Application for role of Police Constable for Dyfed Powys Police successfully submitted. Thursday 14th July 2016 – Successfully at shortlisting stage of application due to successful Competency Based Questionnaire. Invite to Interview at HQ in Camarthen. Thursday 28th July 2016 – 1:30pm, interview at HQ in Camarthen. Left early and arrived 45 minutes early in my excitement. Found HQ and parked up in visitor carpark, desperate for a wee but nowhere to go without booking myself in. Didn’t want to be seen to be too keen, so sat in the car for half an hour going over my notes. For the whole hour and a half journey I had recited my answers to questions I was expecting and for my 10-minute presentation on the role of Police Constable in Dyfed Powys Police. Went in to reception and signed in, put on my pass and sat with other candidates, all as nervous as each other. We were greeted and taken into a waiting room where we were briefed and asked to complete forms that gave a long list of different character traits and asked us to circle three which we thought were most important to the role. We completed two of these forms then were called to our doors. Each of us was interviewed in a separate room, and we were to knock and enter. My two interviewers were two male officers, and I can’t remember what roles they were, I remember one being fairly young and one more middle-aged. We started with the presentation, which I stood up for. They both took notes the whole time I spoke, and this really helped with my nerves as they barely looked up from the paper, so I could just focus on what I was saying rather than my body language. I sat down after what I felt was a rushed-through version of my presentation I had so meticulously planned. The younger man lead the interview while the other took notes of what I was saying and asked questions for me to expand on my answers. They asked a lot of questions and I, luckily, found that my answers came easily for all of them. The competency based questions fit perfectly with the examples I had planned from my everyday life and working life. They nodded and agreed with things I said, saying positive things like “very good” after most of my answers. I felt positive and even had a little bit of a joke with them at the end of the interview. I left feeling like it had gone relatively well, but was very aware of the fact that I was the youngest person attending the interview, and I think it was by quite a long margin. 10th August 2016 – Booked into familiarisation day for Assessment Centre after finding out I had been successful at interview. Very exciting moment but I also knew there was a long way to go yet. 18th August 2016 – Familiarisation day at HQ, Camarthen. We all signed in and waited to be taken through to a teaching room where we were advised on how the day would commence. We went through each different stage of the AC and what to expect, as well as what was expected of us. It was a very informative day and made me quite nervous for the AC. We watched examples of terrible role plays where the candidate had failed to meet any of the competencies and we were advised how this candidate failed. Obviously, not too much information could be relayed to us as to the specifics of the AC but overall, a very helpful day. I sat with a girl who was currently working in a foster home and had lots of experience with difficult people. She was telling me about scenarios she had faced that she would likely use in her competency interview during the AC. I, again, felt very young and inexperienced in comparison to the rest of the people in the room, however, I knew that I had some experiences that I could use as well and overall felt confident that I could give the AC a good go. 13th September 2016 – Thames Valley Police HQ, Reading. The night before the Assessment Centre, mum drove us both up to Reading to the Premier Inn that we had booked ourselves into for the night. We had dinner at the service station (yuck) and bought snacks and magazines to take back to the room with us. We would have to leave fairy early the next morning to make the 30-ish minute drive from our hotel to the HQ, so I was anxious to get back to the room, do some last-minute revision for the day and get a good night’s sleep. Prior to this day, I had scoured the internet high and low for tips for the AC. I had practiced writing reports and done a bit of maths practice here and there, revised my Westshire Centre Pack back to front and practiced for the role play’s with mum on the way to Reading. Overall, I was feeling really nervous, especially after reading a load of horror stories on my iPad in bed that night of people who had thought they’d done well at AC then failed, or people who had passed but had not got the 60% required for Dyfed Powys. It took me a long time to get to sleep that night, my brain wouldn’t turn off. I woke up super early on the 13th (unlucky for some), showered, put on my interview gear and looked through my notes while I did my hair and makeup. I could barely eat but managed to get through a flapjack in the car on the way to the HQ. We missed a turning in the busy traffic of Reading and ended up on back roads all the way. Fortunately, we weren’t late and I wasn’t the last to arrive. We all waited outside the big white building and chatted about where we’d put as our preference areas, what we thought the day was going to be like and our expectations to all fail miserably. Everyone was really lovely, but none of them were from my interview group, I saw a couple of familiar faces later on as my group left and they arrived though! We were lead into a room where we were briefed on who would be doing what parts of the AC first. I wanted to do the role plays and interview first as I knew these held the most weight, and were going to be the most difficult. Just my luck, I was placed in the group doing the written exercises first. We were taken out of the building to further building, a small ‘out house’ style place with several rooms. We left all of our bags and belongings and went in to complete the tests. This took about 3 hours, although I completely lost track of all time during! I didn’t really know what to make of them except that they were difficult, challenging and really made you think. I thought I had completely messed up on report writing due to losing track of information as it was being given to us. But everything else seemed to go OK. Next we were allowed a short (3 minute) toilet break and I had a drink and a couple of bites of a breakfast bar. I had a horrible headache and in my concentration for the written tests, I felt like I had completely forgotten everything I had learnt for the Role Play and Interview. We were to do our role plays next. We were taken and briefed for these, the people who briefed us all through the day were so lovely, helpful and calmed our nerves so much. We chatted until the role actors and assessors were back from their lunch break and then went through formalities. We were allocated numbers and these corresponded to doors. When the first roleplay started, we were to read through an information pack quickly and make any notes we needed to take in with us. I wrote notes for the first one but just read through the info for the rest. All the packs contained was a brief history of events and an overview of the person we would be dealing with. We went through the motions of all four Role Plays, some I managed to resolve quickly and others I had more difficulty finding a resolution to but managed to say the right things in order to keep the actors happy, I think! After these were finished we all breathed a sigh of relief before we were taken into our 20-minute competency interviews. By this point I was knackered, physically and emotionally drained from the constant stress and pressure of the day and felt like the interview would be a complete write off. I barely even remember the questions I was asked let alone the answers I gave. I felt like I stumbled over myself many times and my examples were nowhere near as strong as they were in the Interview I had passed before the AC day. All I remember clearly was a wasp flying in through the open window and hovering around between me and the interviewer, who didn’t look up from his scorecard the whole time and didn’t notice it, so I fidgeted around and tried to waft it away without him thinking I was having a funny moment. We all had our debrief and were told what we couldn’t tell anyone about the day (the specifics, basically!) and we all left together. We were all as shocked as each other about how fast the day had gone but how stressful those 5 hours were. “5 hours of hell” was a phrased used by not just one person and I completely agree! We joked about how we all thought we’d definitely failed, and talked about how we wouldn’t be able to apply for another 6 months as if we had all already received rejection emails! Mum picked me up and I slept the whole journey home from Reading, trying to fight off my horrendous headache. Monday 26th September 2016 – This was my first day at a new temporary job that I thought would perfectly fill the gap between the present date and the proposed intake of April 2017 that I expected to be in. It was absolutely horrendous, I was spoke to and treated like rubbish and had been basically lied to about what the job would entail. I sat in the freezing cold, shed-like office that would supposedly be my base for the job and decided enough was enough. So, I stood up and told them I would not be continuing with the job as I was disappointed to have been mislead, thanked them for their time, got in my car and left. I got home pretty upset that the day had unravelled as it had, and was angry at myself for thinking this would be the ‘perfect opportunity’ to switch up my job before I joined the force. I told my mum and stepdad all about the day and they were just as angry as I was at how I had been treated and we were all just pretty peed off, that’s when my phone vibrated indicating that I had received an email. I looked and could hardly believe what I saw, an email from Dyfed Powys Police titled ‘Police Officer Application’. I knew that this would either be telling me I had passed or failed the assessment centre. I could barely bring myself to open it as mum stared over my shoulder. We both screamed when the first line read “Congratulations we are pleased to inform you that you have been successful at both the interview stage and the National Police SEARCH Assessment Centre for Police Constable. We are therefore in a position to make you a conditional offer of appointment as a Police Constable within Dyfed Powys Police.” It stated the conditions I would have to pass in order for this to become an unconditional offer and the proposed intake of April 2017. I cried in shock, happiness and complete disbelief of the timing of the email that had taken the worst day and turned it into one of the best days I’ve had to date! I rang my boyfriend while he was at work to tell him about the fail of a first day in my new job and the results of the assessment centre, and then rang my sister to tell her all about my rollercoaster of a day as well. I could hardly believe it!! I had passed the Assessment Centre!! I was so much closer to the job of my dreams and all my hard work had paid off. Thursday 29th September 2016 – I arrived at HQ for 3:30 for my fitness test and biometrics. We were taken through reception and had our fingerprints taken, all the staff were really nice and making jokes with us, reassuring us that we’d all pass the fitness for sure. We were rallied up and taken into a big sports hall where we were briefed on how the Bleep Test would work. We warmed up together, doing stretches, and then were asked to run to Level 1 of the Bleep Test as part of the warm up. This was easy enough and made me confident for the test. To say it was easy wouldn’t really be the truth, the pressure of the situation definitely made it feel difficult, although reaching each end of the hall before the beep wasn’t that challenging at all. We all encouraged each other as we ran if anyone seemed to be struggling and all managed to pass first time. By this time, I was starting to recognise some familiar faces from each stage of the application process. We were taken back to a holding room where we filled some forms and chatted amongst ourselves about which areas we’d applied to, what intakes people thought we’d be in, at which point I realised there was a December training intake that we weren’t informed about that some of us might be on due to geographical demands. I didn’t think much of this as I had been told I would be considered for April intake. We then had swabs taken for Biometrics, and the nurse told me this was basically to make sure our DNA wasn’t pulled up in crime scenes we attended on the job. This made it feel so real, ‘on the job’, on the job that I was so close to starting! Monday 17th October 2016 – After being signed off medically by my GP and sending off my medical forms, drugs testing day arrived and I once again returned to HQ. We read through briefings and what we would be tested for and one by one went in to have chunks of hair chopped off and sent off for testing. We never heard back about these results, meaning I had passed (as I fully expected!) I remember laughing at a current PCSO/Special (I never caught which she was) who said she’d been at a job involving a cannabis farm in someone’s house recently and was worried she’d show up positive for weed on the test! This recruitment process fills you with so much self-doubt! Sometime between this date and the next entry I had my medical examination, which went fine and I found out I had perfect 20/20 vision and excellent hearing, despite thinking that the hearing test had gone awfully as I was sure I was hearing beeps that didn’t exist! Friday 4th November 2016 – Just as I was about to leave for work, I received a call from an Unknown Number. It was the lady from the workforce planning team who had been at all of our stages at HQ and she told me she had good news for me and asked if I was available to talk. She said they were happy to offer me an unconditional offer of employment to the force as Police Constable and that training would start on the 5th December, in a month’s time! She told me where I would be based and that I would receive my unconditional offer along with other information in an email on Monday. Monday 7th November 2016 – I received my unconditional offer of employment in writing along with lots and lots of forms to fill in and return, and a list of online modules that we would have to complete prior to our start date for training. I booked myself in for accommodation as I live pretty far from HQ (about an hour and a half drive) for the first section of training and let everyone at work and my employer know that I would only be sticking around for a few more weeks! Everyone was so excited for me to be in the December intake instead of having to wait for April like I was expecting and I’m so happy to be well on my way to becoming a Police Officer in Training at the age of 19! Tuesday 15th November 2016 – Another journey back to HQ for Uniform Fitting and my first Hep Jab. Putting the uniform on made me feel like a real-life Police Officer. It was quite a surreal feeling to be honest, stood there in my high vis with the bullet and stab vest on, kit belt around my waist. I had to go for the smallest hat they had available because I have a pea head, and will need altered trousers (long leg problems!) but overall it was pretty successful. Everyone back home was disappointed I didn’t get any pictures of myself fully kitted out! I’m sure the novelty of the uniform will wear off, but for now, it’s sooo cool ;). Boots ordered and tried on, last shift at work at the end of this week and the holiday to NYC I had booked months and months ago for what is now the second week of training cancelled and I’m so ready to get to HQ and start! A week and a half to go.
Anyone heard back from their Final Interview?
Hi everyone, I had my final interview on Monday and got told I'd be contacted latest by the end of this week. I was just wondering if anybody has heard back from their interviews? I know somebody did because he had stated he needed to know urgently as he was making annual leave plans. Thank you.
Is anyone able to provide any suggestions to help prepare for the final interview for Humberside, please?
HI all, First time post here. I wondered how many had recently applied to Hampshire Constabulary on the June/July 2016 recruitment drive? I understand that Hampshire conduct initial interviews prior to national SEARCH assessment. Has anyone had recent experience of these initial interviews? I can see the advantages of interviewing applications prior to paying to put them through the national process, just wondered how different this interview is to the normal 'final interview' post SEARCH. Many thanks in advance.
I was wondering what experience people have with regards to the paramedic interview and literecy/numeracy/highway test if you've done them I did the literecy and numerecy a few years and passed them, but failed horribly on the interviews at the time (thankfully ive improved.. ) I was wondering what experiences you've all had with the tests, or any good reading material on the role/job spec of the paramedic, and how were the tests As i've also applied for ECA (emergency care assistant), Are there interviews/tests for this role, it wasn't stated on the application and if so, are they any different?
Some of you might be interested to know that PACE Code E has changed this month, and for a change in a sensible way which makes life easier. While the requirement to audio record interviews for indictable or either-way offences is still there, from now there's a specific exception for shoplifting under £100, criminal damage under £300 or possession of khat or cannabis for personal use. There are quite a few requirements; it's for adults only, stolen goods must be recovered or have been eaten, there cannot have been any risk of injury or violence etc, all listed in the annex at the very bottom of the code linked above. Provided there's no need to start doing house searches the potential for saving hours dealing with straightforward shoplifters detained by staff alone seems huge to me.
Hi guys, Anyone else currently part of the recruitment process for Essex Police? I'm not sure what is going on. I passed my assessment and awaiting the senior interview stage, but have heard nothing from recruitment in 2 months at the time of this post. Have I perhaps missed something? Does my current situation resonate with anyone else? Is continued patience all I require? I am a little surprised that no other candidates have taken to this forum to get a feel for how normal this is. I'm usually the one reading about someone else's concerns and being comforted by the fact that I'm not alone. At the very least, I hope my post might comfort somebody else out there who is also waiting.
Interviews: A view from across the desk. | 2019-04-24T08:09:54Z | https://police.community/tags/Interview/ |
George Leigh Mallory, the son of the clergyman, Herbert Mallory, was born in Mobberley on 18th June 1886. His younger brother was Trafford Leigh Mallory (1892-1944).
At the age of thirteen, Mallory won a mathematics scholarship to Winchester College. A few years later one of the teachers at the school introduced him to mountaineering. This included a trip to the Alps.
In 1905 Mallory went to Magdalene College, Cambridge, to study history. While at university he became friends with Geoffrey Winthrop Young, Rupert Brooke, John Maynard Keynes, Duncan Grant and Lytton Strachey. After graduating Mallory became a teacher at Charterhouse where he taught Robert Graves, encouraging his interest in poetry and mountaineering. Graves later recalled: "He (Mallory) was wasted at Charterhouse. He tried to treat his class in a friendly way, which puzzled and offended them."
George Mallory met Ruth Turner at a dinner held by Arthur Clutton-Brock in 1913. The following year, her father, Hugh Thackeray Turner invited Mallory to join him and his three daughters on a family holiday in Venice. The couple fell in love after a trip to Asolo. Ruth wrote to George after she arrived back in England: "How wonderful it was that day among the flowers at Asolo!"
Ruth Turner became engaged to Mallory in April 1914. On 18th May George wrote to Ruth: "it's too too wonderful that you should love me and give me such happiness as I never dreamt of". Seven days later he was writing: "Oh! my arms are aching dear for you - to draw you swiftly and firmly close to me."
George told his brother, Trafford Leigh Mallory, that he intended to marry Ruth. He replied: "This is good news indeed. I am very pleased to hear it; heartiest congratulations! I must say I was extraordinarily surprised. However I suppose the influence of spring and Italy, combined with meeting the right person, fairly laid you by the heals."
Mallory married Ruth Turner on 29th July 1914. Geoffrey Winthrop Young was the best-man. Her father, Hugh Thackeray Turner, provided her with an annual income of £750 and arranged for them to live in a house close to the family estate in Godalming. The couple went to Porlock in Somerset for their honeymoon.
Mallory was deeply shocked by the outbreak of the First World War. He believed strongly that international disputes should be solved by diplomacy. Some of his friends, including Geoffrey Winthrop Young and Duncan Grant, were pacifists. Young became a war correspondent with The Daily News and his reports of the slaughter on the Western Front appalled Mallory.
His brother, Trafford Leigh Mallory, and two of his best friends, Robert Graves and Rupert Brooke, did join the British Army. Although opposed to the war, Mallory began to feel that he should do his duty and help the war effort. Geoffrey Winthrop Young resigned as a journalist and began to help to transport casualties and refugees away from the front-line. On 22nd November 1914 Mallory wrote to Young saying that it was "increasingly impossible to remain a comfortable schoolmaster". He added: "Naturally I want to avoid the army for Ruth's sake - but can't I do some job of your sort?"
On 9th December, 1914, the war minister, Lord Kitchener, instructed headteachers not to let teachers join up if this would impair the work of their schools. Frank Fletcher, the head of Charterhouse, used this directive to refuse permission for Mallory to join the armed forces. Mallory's guilt for not taking part in the war increased after hearing about the death of his friend, Rupert Brooke in April 1915.
The following month he received a letter from his brother, Trafford Leigh Mallory, who had just arrived at the front-line near Ypres. Despite the foul latrines and the smell of rotting bodies he told him that: "I must say I am extraordinarily happy here. I never thought I would enjoy it so much." However, within a few weeks of living in the trenches with having to deal with constant gas attacks his tone changed. "You have an alternative of putting your head down in the trench and being asphyxiated or putting it up over the trench into rapid fire. We have got gag things to put over our mouths, but still many seem to get killed."
On 16th June 1915 Leigh-Mallory was wounded in the leg during an attack on the German trenches at Ypres. As a result of the seriousness of his injury Leigh-Mallory was sent to a hospital in Oxford.
Ruth Mallory wrote to her husband on 10th August 1915: "I wonder dear how much we shall keep up with the times and be able to be proper companions for our children. Lets try and remember that they must educate us as well as we educating them then I think we may not go so far wrong, we mustn't hate every new thing that comes along until its got old." On 19th September 1915, Ruth gave birth to a girl who they named as Francis Clare. George had wanted a boy and he wrote to a friend: "I can't claim any great interest at present (in my daughter)."
Some of his favourite students joined the British Army. He wrote to a friend that losing them was "like cutting off buds". Mallory could no longer accept the idea that these young men should be fighting on his behalf and despite the protests of Frank Fletcher he decided to join the Royal Artillery. He wrote to a friend: "I feel so mixed up when I think of it - not wanting perfect safety for my own sake because I prefer adventure and want anyway to share those risks with my friends; but thinking so very differently where Ruth comes in. I'm afraid she'll feel very sore when I'm out there."
On 4th May 1916 Second Lieutenant George Mallory was sent to France. That night Ruth wrote to her husband: "I think I must write to you tonight it makes me feel less far from you. I am alright dear. I am cheerful and I have not cried anymore. I had baby as soon as I got home till she went to bed and it was very comforting. She is more of a comfort than anything else I could have." Mallory replied that her letters were like "great shafts of light which come pouring in on me".
Mallory wrote that he was "full of hope" that the offensive would be successful. On 14th July 1916 he sent another letter to Ruth Mallory arguing that: "It really seems as though we have given the Hun something of a whacking and also that his reserves are pretty well used up. Shall we find suddenly one day that the war is over - finished as dramatically as it began?" A few days later he was writing that "our hope of moving forward immediately seemed to have vanished."
Later that month George Mallory saw flamethrowers in action for the first time. He described how he saw "a sort of liquid fire, a long line of trenches apparently on fire and exploding with great flashes and clouds of sparks."
On 15th August 1916 he wrote about the large number of people killed during the Somme Offensive; "I don't object to corpses so long as they are fresh... With the wounded it is different. It always distresses me to see the." As a member of the Royal Artillery he was less likely to be killed or wounded than in the infantry. He told his wife: "The chance of survival in my branch of the services is very large."
Mallory was constantly worried about the dangers of killing his own men. He wrote in a letter to his wife about this fear: "Before I went to sleep I heard distinctly from the murmur of voices in the tent some mention of our troops being shelled out of a trench by our own guns... I can't tell you what a miserable time I had after that. You see, if my registration had been untrue, it was my fault... I went over and over again in my mind all the circumstantial evidence that it was really our shells I had seen bursting and had horrid doubts and fears."
In May 1917 he was forced to return to England to have an operation on an ankle injury that made it very difficult to walk. In September 1917 Mallory was sent to Winchester to train on some new guns. He was later sent on a battery commander's course in Lydd.
Mallory served in France until January 1919. He returned to teaching history at Charterhouse and revived the college mountaineering group. Of the original sixty members, twenty-three had been killed and eleven more wounded.
According to the authors of The Wildest Dream: The Biography of George Mallory (2000): "David Pye suspected that George was also affected by guilt, as he had been reconsidering his own approach to teaching, and wondering whether he could have done more for the majority of his pupils rather than the favored few." Mallory, Pye and Geoffrey Winthrop Young, talked about opening their own progressive school.
George and Ruth Mallory both became active in the Labour Party. When the idea of a new progressive school did not get off the ground, Mallory applied unsuccessfully for a job with the Union of the League of Nations, a pressue group that favoured world government.
Edward Shebbeare, Geoffrey Bruce, Howard Somervell and Bentley Beetham.
George Mallory and Andrew Irvine preparing to leave their camp near Everest in 1924.
Over the next thirty years there were several attempts to climb Mount Everest. In 1933, Percy Wyn-Harris discovered Irvine's ice-axe on a rock at around 27,500 feet (8380 m).
Everest was eventually conquered by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay on 29 May 1953. They spent only about 15 minutes at the summit. They looked for evidence of the 1924 Mallory expedition, but found none.
In 1975, Wang Hongbao, a Chinese climber reported that he had seen the body of a at 8100m, while attempting to climb Everest. Wang was killed in an avalanche a day after the report and so the location was never precisely fixed. However, the only possible identity of the body was that of Mallory or Irvine.
The Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition, led by Eric Simonson, took place in 1999. The frozen body of Mallory was found at 26,760 feet (8,160 m) on the north face of the mountain. The body was remarkably well preserved due to the mountain's climate and from the rope-jerk injury around his waist, encircled by the remnants of a climbing rope, it appears that the two were roped together when Mallory fell. The body lay roughly below the location of Irvine's ice axe found in 1933. The fact that the body was relatively unbroken suggests that Mallory may not have fallen such a long distance as Irvine.
Clare Mallory believes that the evidence suggests that her father did reach the summit. He had promised his wife Ruth Mallory, to leave a photograph of her at the top of the mountain. As no photograph of Ruth was found on Mallory, she is sure that he must have left it on the summit.
Another clue was that Mallory's snow goggles were found in his pocket, suggesting that he and Irvine had made a push for the summit and were descending after sunset.
It is extraordinary how the desire is growing within me to take part in a big offensive. I feel we must do it and when we do I want to be there - not for the excitement but because I want to fight in this cause.
It was very noisy. Field batteries again firing over our heads (of course there are plenty in front of us too) and most annoying of them a 60-pounder which has a nasty trick of blowing out the lamp with its vigorous blast. I took a good look round in the middle of the night from the top of our bank, it was a moving sight to see the flashes of many guns like numerous flickers of lightning.
Our part was to keep up a barrage fire on certain lines, "lifting" after certain fixed times from one to another more remote and so on. Of course we couldn't know how matters were going for several hours. But then the wounded - walking cases - began to pass and bands of prisoners. We heard various accounts but it seemed to emerge pretty clearly that the attack was held up somewhere by machine-gun fire and this was confirmed by the nature of our own tasks after the "barrage" was over. To me, this result together with the sight of the wounded was poignantly grievous. I spent most of the morning in the map room by the roadside, standing by to help Lithgow (the Commanding Officer) to get onto fresh targets.
The two mice which were building a nest of paper which they used to tear noisily each night were victimised in the first hour, and there were two more victims, mere visitors I suspect, last night. Rats, happily, don't infest my dugout but as they swarm in the neighbourhood I thought it wise to guard the entrance. A more useful purpose, however, seemed to be served by lending it to the officers' cookhouse - six rats were caught in an hour - we shall have to dig a special grave for the numerous corpses.
different. It always distresses me to see them.
It was thrilling and indescribable to see the hamlet they were attacking smothered with shellfire, running down a slope waiting until the barrage lifted and then pressing on again to reach the abandoned trench which had been their objective.
On the face of things, George and Ruth seemed to have all they could have asked for. But there was still the question of Charterhouse. The euphoria of his first six months back home had helped George overcome his frustrations and his dislike of Fletcher, but his views of the inadequacies and flaws of the public school still held. He had made the point with some force while drafting his novel, The Book of Geoffrey, when he was in France. In one passage a father confronts a teacher and accuses him of destroying his son's innocence and inquisitiveness. Previously the boy had been "a pleasant companion full of young curiosity, a healthy animal, a proper English boy"; now he was selfish, prejudiced, and dull, a mental coward full of contempt for other people's views. "Superficial and self-satisfied, he is disastrously ill equipped for making the best of life."
Even more forthright, and strengthening the suggestion that George was evoking his own estrangement from his parents, is the father's accusation to the teacher: "When I gave him to you, he was lost to me. I knew him no longer and couldn't know him... His lips indeed spoke but his heart was closed from me and his mother." David Pye suspected that George was also affected by guilt, as he had been reconsidering his own approach to teaching, and wondering whether he could have done more for the majority of his pupils rather than the favored few. "Armed with his own experience, he would not attempt the same methods," Pye recorded.
As always, George tried to build on the lessons of frustration and disappointment. He, Pye, and Geoffrey Young began to consider opening a school of their own. Together with Ruth and Len Young, they met several times at the Holt to discuss the idea. George went so far as to prepare a draft prospectus for the school that made four key points. First, parents and teachers should work closely together. Second, rather than inhabit oases of privilege, pupils should learn about other worlds across the social divides.
They should he taught about craft and design, about farm work, and "the obligations of responsibility and disinterested effort." Third, there should be less of a distinction between lessons and leisure. Pupils should be under less pressure from the demands of the formal curriculum, and should be encouraged to develop initiative and self-reliance. Fourth, there should be fewer compulsory games. Pupils should be allowed to follow other pursuits and crafts, including walking and navigating through the countryside.
What was impressive about George's prospectus was the extent to Which it addressed faults in a divisive and examination-obsessed education system that has persisted in Britain since. The issues he raised are still relevant in the continuing debate between theories of child-centered and didactic education. Nor was the project unduly fanciful, since Prior's Field, which Ruth had attended, had been opened by Julia Huxley with just six pupils and similarly progressive principles in 1902, and was still thriving almost a hundred years later. What was more, Julia Huxley's husband had been a teacher at Charterhouse. George, Young, and Pye drew up more detailed plans hut in the end they lacked the collective will to see the scheme through. Pye eventually became provost of University College, London, while Young helped the German refugee Kurt Hahn when he founded Gordonstoun, the school in Scotland that emphasized the importance of honesty, integrity, self-reliance, and naked swimming. | 2019-04-23T04:32:29Z | https://spartacus-educational.com/FWWmalloryG.htm |
The events of March 11, 2011, in Japan will forever be etched into the memory of this nation because of the utter devastation that followed. Over 19,000 people perished because of the tsunami which followed the 9.0 magnitude earthquake. Therefore, this event is now embedded within the psyche of Japan and this applies to both the trauma and the response to such devastation.
Internationally, countless nations supported Japan and likewise individuals, charities, organizations and various sectors gave generously to help the people who were hit the hardest. The fashion industry within Japan and outside of this country also supported the people of Tohoku. Likewise, the nuclear shadow meant that many people in the surrounding areas were also worried about this aspect. Given this reality, local fashion companies in Tokyo and other cities provided not only material support but also emotional support.
In Tokyo for example you had the Mighty Harajuku Project which was the brainchild of Sebastian Masuda (6% DOKIDOKI). While internationally powerful fashion houses responded to the tsunami in many different ways in order to support the people of Japan.
Often the fashion industry is portrayed to be “one dimensional” but clearly this sector is far from “one dimensional.” On the contrary, many within the fashion sector responded with care and sincerity. Giorgio Armani, and many other famous people within the fashion sector, showed the “heart of fashion” to the people of Japan.
Indeed, the deep shock of the tsunami and the enormous loss of life encouraged Giorgio Armani to show his deep respect of Japan. He did this during the Paris Fashion Week show in July of last year. During this major fashion event Giorgio Armani incorporated aspects of Japanese culture within his adorable designs.
It may appear that fashion and the tsunami are a million miles apart and in terms of what happened on this tragic day, then this is true. However, in other areas both events came together because fashion helped many people during the psychological stress process and lack of confidence related to the nuclear crisis. Therefore, fashion for many people was “therapeutic” and a way of fighting back against so much trauma and despondency.
Financially, then all economic support was welcomed because many communities were devastated by the brutal tsunami. Alongside the financial aspect was a feeling that other people all over the world truly cared about the plight of people who had been hit the hardest. Once more this helped in the area of psychology.
In the past Japan had been a place for famous international brands to “make hay” and since this tragic event the fashion sector is once more buzzing in this country. In this sense, many international fashion companies and individuals were highlighting their deep appreciation related to past and current connections which remain strong. Giorgio Armani commented that he had been “profoundly moved by the tragic events” related to March 11, 2011.
Giorgio Armani’s fashion show titled the Hommage au Japon meant that his entire fashion collection highlighted the natural beauty of Japanese culture within amazing styles. This genuine warmth was appreciated deeply within the fashion sector in Japan and among lay people who adore the fashion sector. Like usual, the collection highlighted the panache of the individual who created such a stunning fashion display.
Overall, many within the international fashion sector showed their love of Japan by providing many different types of support. This applies to economic support, psychological factors, a collective feeling of humanity, showing the people of Japan that they weren’t alone during this tragic period and in other vital areas.
Kpopsicle (http://kpopsicle.com) is an amazing online fashion store which caters for stylish ladies who want to connect with the vibes of South Korea, America and Japan. Of course, the styles of these buzzing nations appeal internationally and this is the beauty of Kpopsicle. Therefore, this online fashion company provides stunning female fashion products all year round.
The Kpopsicle website is user-friendly and is updated regularly in order to connect with their client base and to highlight the latest trends hitting the streets of Seoul, Tokyo, New York and other vibrant cities. Also, images of items are extremely clear and taken from different angles in order that viewers can get a real feel about the product being viewed.
On the Kpopsicle website this company states that “We focus on stylish and trendy designs” and this is clearly true. Immediately on entering the website ladies will find an abundance of images and products to search. True to the words of Kpopsicle it is clear that this adorable online fashion company does focus on stylish and trendy designs which will appeal to ladies all over the world.
The models at Kpopsicle are extremely stylish and always highlight the lovely fabrics being used. Also, the color schemes and care of each product is more than noticeable. This means that not only is the Kpopsicle website user-friendly but more important everything seems so natural because the styles appeal greatly. Therefore, you have a lovely online fashion store whereby individuals can buy stunning products at the click of a button once studying the products from different angles on the Kpopsicle website.
International fashion styles hitting the streets of South Korea, Japan and the United States can be felt within the fashion on show. Of course Kpopsicle appeals to trendy female fashion lovers all over the world irrespective of nation. This is the beauty of Kpopsicle because they understand the latest trends and how to relate to fashion lovers.
In recent years the K-pop music angle keeps on growing therefore South Korean culture is in vogue and gaining more international headlines. This is rightly so because Korean culture is blessed with an amazing history. True to the nature of this country you have a culture which is rich in history but which is also ultra modern. Therefore, South Korean culture is ultra modern, vibrant, sophisticated and is connecting internationally. Not surprisingly, the fashion angle of South Korean fashion is also growing in strength because of all the above factors.
Kpopsicle fashion focuses on many different styles which relate to the modern fashion scene. This means that you can feel the latest trends running throughout the K-pop music scene through the fashion products that they sell. Kpopsicle fashion also focuses on elegance, sophisticated looks, streetwise fashion and a plethora of styles which are hitting the streets of major cities throughout South Korea, Japan and the United States.
Indeed, in Tokyo you can envisage the Kpopsicle fashion angle easily when you walk around fashionable districts like Harajuku, Ikebukuro, Shinjuku, Shibuya and other amazing places in Tokyo. This is the beauty of Kpopsicle and this applies to the “instant connection” which can be felt when viewing their website.
The vibrant nature of K-pop with amazing groups and soloists like Girls’ Generation, BoA, Kan Mi Youn, T-ara, Kara, Orange Caramel, Sistar, G.Na, After School, A-Pink and a plethora of others can be felt within the fashion angle of Kpopsicle. Therefore, if you adore female fashion and the “Korean Cool” angle then Kpopsicle fashion will appeal to you.
Kpopsicle simply means style and vibrancy which connects easily within the complexity of international fashion. The reason Kpopsicle can connect easily with international fashion is because this online company understands the current trends hitting major international cities. Therefore, with a click of a button on your computer you have an adorable fashion company to view and then buy amazing and beautiful products.
The March 11 earthquake which triggered the brutal and devastating tsunami which in turn created the nuclear crisis in Fukushima remains vivid in the memory. This tragic day will never be forgotten in Japan and the same applies to the international community which witnessed the tragic events which followed.
Sadly, despite enormous reconstruction and redevelopment taking place in the worse effected areas you still have many ongoing problems. This applies to the nuclear facility in Fukushima and radiation issues which remain, to more natural daily issues of people living in temporary accommodation and trying to find employment.
Any government in the world hit by this tragic event would be challenged to the full and in fairness to Japan, a lot of support mechanisms have been put into place but of course for people hit by this tragic event then so much more is needed.
In the midst of the nuclear crisis you had the “Fukushima 50” who did everything in their power to prevent a nuclear meltdown. These brave souls should never be forgotten because during the height of the crisis they worked day and night and at any time they could have been killed. Also, the reality of radiation means that we still don’t know if many of these brave souls will die from cancer in the future caused by radiation.
Irrespective if you are anti-nuclear, pro-nuclear or you believe that nuclear energy is a practical choice, it is clear that the “Fukushima 50” deserve the support of everybody. While alarming comments were being made and very natural dangers could have killed all members of the “Fukushima 50,” they merely got on with everything and worked around the clock in order to protect local citizens and to prevent a complete nuclear meltdown.
The article was written within 7 days of the March 11 tragedy and being based in Tokyo then Modern Tokyo Times tried its best to support Japan. After all, many embassies were closed and many people left Tokyo in panic. However, at all times the core of Modern Tokyo Times remained in the heart of Tokyo and visits were also made to Fukushima and other areas hit.
However, unlike the “Fukushima 50,” we had the luxury of being based far away and the admiration of these brave souls can’t be overstated. After all, how many people would risk their-own-skin in the face of so much carnage? This collectively applies to the knowledge that the high radiation may give you cancer in the future or that at any time the plant could have just blown up completely.
In the “valley of death” the “Fukushima 50” walked tall and showed the beauty of humanity.
It matters not if you are pro-nuclear or anti-nuclear; the real issue is their bravery, dedication and giving everything in order to protect the people who reside in Japan.
They must never be forgotten because unlike the “heroes on television” who are actors and actresses, the “Fukushima 50” are real heroes and in the “valley of death” they never flinched.
Tokyo is an amazing city and the environment is buzzing with fashion and from every corner of this vibrant city you can feel the energy of each new day. However, being from a distant land I prefer to remain in the shadows and my inner-city upbringing in Manchester stays with me.
I have wandered around many parts of Tokyo and places of interest apply to Edogawabashi, Komagome, Nippori and Seijo. I also like more popular places like Harajuku, Ebisu, Omotesando and Yurakucho.
However, my local area is none of the above and I will remain tight lipped about where I like to hang out because I have had many death threats related to writing about terrorism.
Like all individuals who have moved to a new nation each person will see things differently. I have no time for Japanese Buddhism because it is clear that many Buddhist clerics reside in an ivory tower.
Also, more people kill themselves every year in Japan than people who have just died because of the March 11 earthquake which unleashed the devastating tsunami. The annual figure in recent times is more than 30,000 suicides a year but little is being done to change the mindset or prevent suicide in Japan.
The only trade that Buddhists seem to care about is death because they can make a bomb from this business providing you have enough money.
Hikikomori is also a huge social problem alongside suicide and while Tokyo is rich in culture and a fantastic place to reside. The negative side is the loneliness of many individuals or the stress of working life because companies expect too much from their workers.
I love the fashion of Tokyo and the modern landscape alongside the low crime rate. It is factual that Tokyo is one of the great cities of this world and the infrastructure shames London and Paris.
This not only applies to the sprawling no-go areas of inner-city London and Paris but clearly gang related violence and everyday crime in both London and Paris are destroying too many areas.
My beloved Manchester which is rich in culture and history is also blighted by gang violence and drug related issues. Yes, drug issues also apply in Tokyo but not to the same level of the cities that I have just mentioned in Europe.
Turning back to suicide then I have witnessed two individuals kill themselves and clearly both events have stayed within my thinking. The first suicide was a young man who jumped to his death in Tobu Nerima from a flat that he resided in.
The second suicide was a young lady who just jumped in front of a train at Harajuku train station. This suicide really had long term effects because it was like watching a vacuum cleaner sucking up dust.
Everything seemed so natural and she just vanished within the blinking of an eyelid and it was like the train had beckoned her to her death.
Both suicides happened within one year and despite seeing blood all over and hearing the crack of bones hitting the street in Tobu Nerima; it was not the death of the man which stayed with me but the ghost of the young lady who killed herself in Harajuku.
Of course, some people will snigger and deny that ghosts exist and how can I deny these claims? However, something stayed with me for over a year and sometimes I could feel her spirit close to me.
Irrespective if this was my mind playing a trick or it was reality; it seemed natural to me and sometimes I felt the passion of her spirit strongly but in time it faded and now I rarely feel anything unless I am in Harajuku.
It seems strange how I view both suicides because I saw the last few seconds of a dying man in front of my eyes in Tobu Nerima. The blood was visible and the noise stays with me and I always cross myself in the sign of the Orthodox cross when I walk past the same building.
However, when I first saw the naked body I was unsure if the person was male or female because it was late at night. Yet when I was close up it was obvious that the body was male and somehow this calmed me and maybe this is a natural instinct or a safety mechanism?
I don’t really know why this soothed my pain but the behavior and coldness of people nearby shocked me because I immediately asked for help but some people seemed disinterested. It is true that only about 6 or 7 people were near at the time but words like “baka” (stupid) from a person who was drunk was too much.
I also remember that when the young girl just gave up on this world that some people were just complaining because of train delays. Not everybody, of course; but a few people was clearly annoyed because it was relatively early in the morning (just before 10am) and I presume the stress of work got the better of them.
I have seen this coldness before when an old man collapsed in Asaka (Saitama) and was bleeding and several times I have seen young ladies faint or were visibly distressed. Apart from two occasions when people helped quickly the norm was to ignore or to turn a blind eye.
I have resided in Japan on and off for ten years and like most Tokyoites several trains have been cancelled because of suicide. However, to visually see two people kill themselves then it isn’t easy when I have to re-visit both places.
Four strange events took place after seeing the young lady kill herself.
Firstly, this applies to sitting in a coffee shop and talking with my friend who was trying to console me in Ikebukuro on the same day of the suicide in Harajuku. Then all of a sudden I saw a normal lady and the next minute I could only see a stone white face with no distinctive features.
This really spooked me out!
The second major event happened a few weeks later I was leaving Shinjuku around 6am in the morning and travelling via Odakyu Line to Seijo. I often like to walk to the final two carriages before entering the train.
All of a sudden I could see the back of a beautiful lady and then when I got on the same quiet carriage she had disappeared. Again, I can’t say if this was wishful thinking or if I was still in a daze because of past events. However, it seemed real at the time and still seems real today but having little sleep during the night then I try to think rationally.
The third major event is more deep rooted because watching her succumb to the train it all seemed so natural because she showed no fear and it was like it was meant to be. Therefore, I sometimes feel the force of the train beckoning people to jump and when I hear trains making a sudden noise in train stations this brings back flashbacks.
The fourth event was more pleasing because while I was on the Saikyo Line and passing through Harajuku I just felt that I was forced to gaze outside. Then all of a sudden I could see a beautiful lady but this time she was serene and everything appeared to be ok and it was like I was being told that her pain is over.
Again, it is clear that you have many images of ladies on advertizing boards and I had worked long hours the day before. Therefore, just like other times I have tried to view this rationally but it seemed real at the time and maybe I found an answer I wanted or maybe it was a flash that was meant to be implanted in my brain.
Today I am writing this because the hot summer is about to start in earnest and both suicides happened during the long hot summer.
Clearly the ghosts of the past or the images of the past remain within my psyche even if these events are more distant with each passing new day.
Christopher Savoie and his family members in America have been going through hell because of the blatant violation of international law in Japan. This applies to allowing Japanese parents to violate the laws of all other nations during child custody cases.
According to legal documents Christopher Savoie had legal rights to see his children on a regular basis and because of this a court in Tennessee fined his former wife heavily. His ex-partner was fined $6.1 million dollars and this applies to damages.
After all, with each passing day his children face cultural alienation and parental alienation. Also, it is possible that his children are being manipulated by his divorced wife but this is speculation; however, given the fact that he is being denied access to his children then it a possible scenario to say the least.
The monetary factor is not a concern for Christopher Savoie because it is all about his children whom he loves and cherishes dearly.
All he wants, like all responsible parents, is to see his children, care for them, watch them grow up, help to educate them, and enjoy many special moments.
However, the legal system does not concern itself with the rights or wrongs of child abduction in Japan. Therefore, Japanese parents know full well that Japan will protect them because international child abduction is a fact of life in Japan and little changes apart from greater international pressure.
If only Akiko Oshima would open her eyes to child abuse in Japan and the fact that many women also abuse children. Also, is Akiko Oshima implying that all foreign fathers are abusive?
Given the fact that no mixed Japanese children have been sent back to the international parent then it would appear that Akiko Oshima is involved in racial stereotyping. In other words she appears to be playing the racial card alongside blatant sexism and can her statement be backed by open evidence in every case?
Every court case must be judged on merit and sometimes the father may be the best parent and sometimes the mother; but in an ideal situation both parents would continue to play a role in the upbringing of the child or children.
No parent, irrespective if Japanese or non-Japanese, or if male or female; should face parental alienation because it is against all norms of humanity.
Also, spare a thought for grandparents, other family members and friends because child abduction effects many people and while the emphasis is obviously put on the parent; it is clear that grandparents suffer greatly because time is not on their side and they have to watch their children suffer so much.
Why should parents who love their children be treated like criminals and disregarded?
Japan should be ashamed for allowing this reality to exist and doing nothing is not an excuse.
In Japan the current crisis within the nuclear sector and other areas of the economy can squarely be pinned on the relationship between the political bureaucracy and its love-in relationship with electricity suppliers.
The Amakudari system enables senior bureaucrats to find important executive posts after leaving the government and it is reported that 68 high ranking bureaucrats went on and resumed senior positions with the energy sector.
Therefore, given the relationship between government and electricity suppliers it appears that this all inclusive policy means that when serious issues arise, then it may be pushed under the carpet?
It is important to state that not all “amakudari” bureaucrats will be inefficient and each former high ranking bureaucrat will respond differently. Also, many will be highly skilled and it is over simplistic to believe that all will either have ulterior motives or seek to cover up major problems.
However, it is also clear that the relationship between the political bureaucracy and electricity suppliers; could lead to complacency and for the general public it may appear to be both inefficient, corrupt, and about preserving a comfortable relationship.
The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) is new to the power process of the amakudari system but former high ranking political leaders in the DPJ who were former LDP politicians, will know all too well about this system.
Obviously the DPJ knows about this system because for 50 years and more, the LDP have followed the same procedure in various sectors of the economy. Democracy and “open business” is rather flawed because you have so much inter linkages and not all the blame can be pinned on politicians because the keiretsu system is embedded within the business community.
Conformity and continuity alongside strong inter-relationships is all too powerful within the Japanese system and inter-linkages and connections is the bottom line for the business and political model in Japan. Of course, not all companies follow this system but in general it is part and parcel of the business environment in Japan and in South Korea they have a similar system called chaebol.
Turning back to the current crisis in Fukushima then the relationship between industry and government regulators would tend to point in the direction of complacency. This applies to data by TEPCO not being scrutinized to the full when questions were raised about the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant being vulnerable to a possible tsunami.
Government hands run throughout the system and this applies to the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. After all, this ministry is involved in expressing the importance of nuclear energy, helping Japanese companies to find major business contracts in the international arena, and regulating the safety of the nuclear sector in Japan.
The promoter and regulator conflict within the system was separated in France because of the fear of complacency several years ago. In America the government understood this weak point in the system; therefore, changes were made over 30 years ago in order to safeguard the nuclear sector from conflicting interests.
The government and TEPCO merry-go-round can be summed up by Tokio Kano. He joined TEPCO and became a leader within the nuclear unit in 1989 and in 1998 he entered parliament. Once he was elected to parliament then Tokio Kano helped to rewrite Japan’s national policy related to energy and not surprisingly the conclusion was that nuclear energy was the way forward.
After being involved within the political system for more than 10 years he then returned to TEPCO. Therefore, Tokio Kano is an extreme example of the system in Japan.
The amakudari system is defended by some because you will not have many high quality candidates who have powerful knowledge of this complex sector. Therefore, it is argued that it may appear to be inefficient and based on complacency; however, the system does enable utilities to get high quality candidates who not only bring their expertise but also their strong contacts within an important sector of the economy. | 2019-04-20T08:15:19Z | https://leejaywalker.wordpress.com/tag/japan-news/ |
The study of environmental justice emerged in the 1980s, when the black people in the United States raised a protest over the garbage dump, which triggered the solidarity of the American public and scholars, and then put forward the new ethical concept of environmental justice. This paper mainly focuses on the concept of "environmental justice" in the United States and the environmental justice movement in the United States, and evaluates the content and application of environmental justice in the United States. Environmental justice brings changes to every participant in the game of environmental policy. Environmental justice pays more attention to and emphasizes the phenomenon and correction of the injustice of the dominant group to the disadvantaged group in the distribution of environmental benefits. Environmental justice reveals that environmental interests are usually manifested as the interests of powerful groups. Environmental justice is concerned with the environmental coercion faced by groups in different economic and cultural contexts and its solutions; Environmental justice applies the principle of equality in addressing environmental rights and obligations. Proper environmental justice theory is of great practical and guiding significance, which provides a new method for effectively solving the ecological crisis and has direct guiding and practical significance for the construction of China's environmental justice theory and environment-friendly society.
The issue of justice is a universal issue in today's society. Every specific field of contemporary society involves the issue of justice, such as economy, politics, law, international relations, education and culture. To pay special attention to "environmental justice" is nothing more than the following two points: first, the limited nature of environmental problems highlights the importance of fairness and justice. Because environmental problems mainly consist of resource exhaustion and environmental pollution. The finiteness of the earth cannot be changed without controlling population and economic development. And whose freedom and development is restricted is a matter of justice. The limitation of environmental resources highlights the justice of distribution. Second, environmental problems are public. The solution of environmental problems requires the common action of mankind, and fairness is the premise of unified action. The issue of environmental justice not only further expands the new pattern of the development and change of the relationship between man and nature, but also marks the deepening of the understanding or reflection on the causes of the ecological crisis and the solutions.
At first, the term "environmental justice" was considered to contain the connotation of "interracial justice". For example, in his book named "environmental justice", Peter Wenz included "the principle of justice between man and nature" into the scope of environmental justice research. In the study of environmental justice in China, some researchers also call environmental justice "human justice", which means "human beings treat nature fairly in the process of realizing and satisfying their own interests". It was not until the "environmental justice" movement broke out in the United States that the term "environmental justice" was increasingly used to refer to "social injustice caused by environmental factors".
At present, the definition of environmental justice in the academic circle refers to the efforts made to realize the environmental fairness of various groups in the society. Robert d. Bullard divided environmental justice into three types: procedural justice, geographic justice and social justice. Procedural justice refers to the issue of fairness, that is, the extent to which the laws, regulations, evaluation standards and enforcement activities of social management are implemented in a non-discriminatory manner. Geographic justice refers to the choice of hazardous waste disposal sites in communities of color and the poor. Social justice is about how social factors such as race, ethnicity, class and political power affect and reflect environmental decisions.
As a hot topic of public policy in the United States today, environmental justice is committed to addressing the needs and environmental problems of all communities. The us environmental protection agency defines environmental justice as follows: "environmental justice" means that all citizens, regardless of race, color, nationality and property status, should be treated fairly and participate effectively in environmental decision-making in the formulation, application and implementation of environmental laws, regulations and policies. "Fair treatment" means that no group, regardless of racial, ethical, and socioeconomic differences, should unreasonably bear the negative environmental consequences of industrial, municipal, and commercial activities, as well as federal, state, and local environmental programs and policies. "Effective participation" means that every community that may be affected has an appropriate opportunity to participate in decisions that will affect their environment or health; Public opinion can influence the decision-making of the legislative branch; The opinions of all participants should be taken into account in the decision-making process; Decision makers facilitate the participation of potential affected persons. The EPA is particularly concerned about the harmful effects of the environment on the health of certain communities. These communities are overburdened and exposed to inappropriate environmental hazards and risks compared to the rest of the United States. These communities, whether urban or rural, are mostly communities of minorities and low-income people, and are also places of environmental injustice, thanks to the continuing influence of historical causes such as overt discrimination, negative race-neutral licensing and regulatory action.
The academic and official definitions are very close, which indicates that the American society has reached a consensus on the concept of environmental justice.
Many environmental justice activists also give the connotation of environmental justice is very broad, think environmental justice refers to all people, regardless of age, race, culture, gender, or economic, social status, have a safe, healthy, energetic, the sustainable development of environment rights, it includes biological, physical, social, political, aesthetic, and economic environment. Environmental justice requires that these rights be freely exercised through self-practice and the empowerment of individuals and communities, whereby the identity, needs and dignity of individuals and groups are preserved, realized and respected.
The environmental justice movement was founded in 1982 by Warren County Protest. For the first time, warren's protest drew a strong social reaction by linking race, poverty and the environmental consequences of industrial waste. Many professionals and non-professionals concerned with the problems of minority communities have begun to conduct further investigations and disclosed many relevant materials and facts that were little known in the past. The event kicked off the environmental justice movement.
In October 1991, the first naacp environmental leadership summit was held in Washington. After much debate, the delegates agreed to adopt 17 "principles of environmental justice" as the purpose of their action, and formally declared the different positions of "environmental justice" activists and mainstream environmentalists. The famous environmental activist Diana alston said, "for us, the environment... It cannot be explained narrowly. The environment in our eyes is interwoven with social, racial and economic justice as a whole. In our opinion, environment is where we live, work and play. The environment provides us with a forum to comment on the issues of our time: issues of military and defence policy, religious freedom, cultural survival, sustainable energy development, the future of our cities, transport, housing, land and sovereignty, the right to self-determination, employment... We can go on and on and on." Obviously, this is a completely different view of the environment from the mainstream environmentalism. It not only links environmental problems with social problems, but also makes it interwoven with social politics.
The "environmental justice" movement reflects the immediate needs of the American underclass, especially communities of color, but it also reflects the different perceptions of the environment among ethnic groups in different cultural contexts. From a certain perspective, the environmental justice movement can be said to be an extension of the civil rights movement, and the problem it requires to solve is fundamentally a social justice problem. However, from another perspective, when environmental justice activists put such a social issue into the perspective of environmental protection, it has a deeper connotation. On the other hand, environmental crisis is a crisis closely related to social crisis, fundamentally speaking, they are a crisis.
In the late 1990s, environmental justice became an emerging theme in environmental policy discussions. In the 21st century, this issue has become the most important part of environmental policy, and special compensation measures have even been developed or started to be implemented. Sociologists, especially political sociologists, have suggested a range of theories to explain the formation of just policies.
Many would argue that the question of how justice is possible is more of an academic question than a practical one. Any substantive concept of environmental justice must answer the question: who is the "recipient" of environmental justice? What exactly is allocated? How?
Some domestic researchers believe that the essence of environmental justice is the issue of distributive justice, and the key of distributive justice is how to allocate resources. On the whole, however, these views lack strong support for the theory of distributive justice. In contrast, foreign researchers have begun to study environmental justice from the perspective of distributive justice theory and have made new progress. In contemporary western countries, rawls reaffirms the basic theory of liberalism on the basis of the principle of justice. His "justice as equity" contains a strong egalitarian connotation, which provides an important theoretical reference for solving the problem of benefit and responsibility sharing in environmental problems.
Rawls's theory of justice is mainly composed of two principles of justice: "the first principle is that everyone should have an equal right to a similar system of freedom compatible with the broadest system of basic freedoms possessed by others. Second principle: social and economic inequalities should be arranged in such a way as to suit the best interests of the fewest beneficiaries, consistent with the principle of store of justice; It depends on the opening of positions and positions to all under conditions of equal opportunity and equity." The first is the principle of freedom and equality. The second includes the "principle of difference", which is suitable for the best interests of the least beneficiaries, and the "principle of equal opportunity", whose position and position are open to all. Rawls also arranges the priority of these principles, that is, the first principle takes precedence over the second principle, while the "equal opportunity principle" takes precedence over the "difference principle". From this, we can see the two basic points of rawls's justice theory: first, everyone has equal freedom and rights, must be treated fairly, and all opportunities should be open to every member of society; Second, justice must be "in the best interests of the least favored". In other words, all policies must benefit those at the most disadvantaged in society so that the most vulnerable in society benefit most from the social distribution process. From the second point of view, rawls changed the general view of justice from "justice in line with everyone" to "justice in line with the best interests of the least benefited", and regarded the meeting of the interests of vulnerable groups as the standard to measure whether a society is just, which is rare in the past liberal theories.
According to rawls's theory, all decisions on international environmental issues should favor developing countries as the weak, and resources should be distributed according to the principle of meeting the interests of the poor. Drawing on rawls's theory of justice, we can establish the ethical principle of justice within the generation as follows: first, the principle of survival first. Due to the serious inequality between the rich and the poor in the world as well as the inequality in the distribution of interests and victimization, the implementation of environmental policies should give priority to survival and give developing countries space and resources for development. When it comes to international relations, environmental interests should be tilted in favor of developing countries. Developed countries should help developing countries eradicate poverty and provide corresponding funds and technologies. Second, the principle of fairness. That is to ask all countries in the world to shoulder their environmental responsibilities fairly. However, this fairness does not require every country and individual to shoulder the same responsibility. Although environmental protection is the common responsibility of mankind, it should be treated differently in the responsibility sharing. Developed countries should shoulder more responsibilities. Rawls's theory of justice provides necessary theoretical basis for environmental justice theory.
In 1991, the People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was held in Washington, dc, and the issue of Environmental justice was formally raised. Its basic programme contains 17 principles. Its main contents include the following six points: environmental justice guarantees the sanctity of the earth mother, the unity of the ecosystem, the interdependence of all species and the right to be free from ecological damage; Environmental justice requires that public policy be based on respect for and justice for all people, without any form of discrimination or prejudice; Environmental justice calls for the protection of people from nuclear tests, toxic or hazardous wastes and poisons, and from nuclear tests that threaten their fundamental rights to clean air, land, water and food; Environmental justice ensures the fundamental right of all people to political, economic, cultural and environmental self-determination; Environmental justice calls for the cessation of the production of toxic substances, hazardous wastes and radioactive substances. Environmental justice requires that all people have the right to participate as equal partners in decision-making at all levels, including needs and assessments.
Social development should be "people-oriented". In modern society, the meaning of sharing and benefiting universally means that every member of society should share the fruits of social development, the basic needs of every member of society should be continuously satisfied, and their living standards should be correspondingly improved. Limit the development of production to the extent that it can meet the needs of all, and end the condition of satisfying others at the expense of some. All share in the benefits created by all, and through urban and rural integration, all members of society are developed in an all-round way.
People have dignity after they break away from the animal kingdom and become self-conscious. Human dignity is gradually strengthened with the gradual evolution of society. In the process of China's modernization, such dignity should be possessed by every individual, especially when the dignity of a social group is trampled upon, resulting in the loss of basic human dignity. It can be seen that maintaining the dignity of every member of society is the basic function of justice in the modern sense. Obviously, respect, equality and freedom have become the most basic concepts and important contents of justice in the modern sense.
Opportunity refers to the possibility space for social members to survive and develop. Equality of opportunity refers to the principle that social members should follow when solving the problem of how to own opportunities as a resource: equal ones should be treated equally, and unequal ones should be treated unequally. Equality of opportunity has two meanings: one is the equality of the starting point of survival and development; Second, equality of opportunity realization process itself. As an important value orientation, the principle of equality of opportunity provides broad choice and effective development space for social members, thus stimulating the vitality of modern society and improving the quality of social progress.
The rational allocation of existing social resources most directly reflects the principle of justice. In the process of the formation of social wealth and other resources, the quantity, quality and production factors of labor input by each social member are different, and their specific contributions to society are different. Differential distribution according to the specific contribution of each member of society reflects the concept of equality and freedom, and fully respects and recognizes the individual's different contributions to society. | 2019-04-19T00:54:14Z | https://www.51due.com/writing/essay/sample70441.html |
Appleby presents a vibrant tapestry of the lives, callings, decisions, desires, and reflections of those Americans who were born after the Revolutionthe first generation to inherit a truly new world.
BRIAN LAMB, HOST: Joyce Appleby, author of "Inheriting the Revolution." Where'd you get the idea for this book?
Professor JOYCE APPLEBY, AUTHOR, "INHERITING THE REVOLUTION": Well, it was a long time gestating--gestating. It--I'm an early American historian and so I'd studied 17th and 18th century America, the colonies, and then I'd particularly been interested in the American Revolution and the era of the writing of the Constitution and then I became very curious about what happened to this revolutionary heritage. How did it turn into a heritage? What difference did it make to the lives of those people who were the sons and daughters of the revolutionaries? And that--that was the beginning, that question, and it took me--it took me a couple of years to figure out the best way for me to answer it.
LAMB: So what period are you writing about?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, I'm really writing about--oh, the 1790s through the 1820s, a little bit into the 1830s. But, as you know, I'm writing about a cohort of people and so what I decided to do was to study those men and women who were born between 1776 and 1800 because they would not have any contact with--would not have had any contact with the colonial era. They would have none of the sensibilities of having been subjects to the king of England and they were the inheritors of the revolution and so I followed their lives and I really stopped when I figured that they were no longer the dominant force in public life. And that's--that's about the end, the late '20s, early '30s.
LAMB: Where did you find the material?
Prof. APPLEBY: Everywhere actually. I, first of all, just began to collect information about individuals. I knew I wanted to build it up through lives and so wherever--there were dictionaries, there were, you know, a list of West Point graduates. There were the, you know, pioneer ministers of the disciples of Christ. Wherever I could find information about individuals, I gathered it. And then I discovered that about 300--oh, about 350, 360 of these people in this cohort had written autobiographies and that was a wonderful resource. So I s--set about reading those autobiographies.
Prof. APPLEBY: Cohort is--well, you know, it's a military term. It--it means that people who have--a band of people who have a similarity. Demographers use cohort to mean people who are born at a particular time. So I use that--cohort interchangeably with generation. These people, as I said, who were born in the 24 years after the revolution.
LAMB: How many people lived in this country in 1800?
Prof. APPLEBY: In 1800, about eight million. The first census was 1790. It was just shy--oh, I'm sorry. No. No. No. Yeah--no. It would have been more like six--six million. The first census, the--the population was just shy of four million. And the American population doubled about every 20 years. So in between, as you're saying 1800, it would have been around six million.
LAMB: What--where did they live? I mean, w--or maybe where didn't they live?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, pretty much--well th--well--well, they lived in what you might call sort of the Appalachian shelf--that--that Atlantic shelf between the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. That's where they started out living. It was--it was a little bit in the West, but not a great deal, because the revolution prevented migration into the West. But once the Revolutionary War had been won, then you had a outpouring of people from this little shelf--this confined area up and down the Atlantic Coast into the western parts of the original states. New York--western New York was the frontier of the 1790s, in the early decades of the 19th century, but also western Virginia, western Georgia, western Pennsylvania.
LAMB: What was the difference between the North and the South then?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well interestingly, the most important difference between North and South is a consequence of events that were--that took place after the revolution. After the revolution in--as--and it was no part of the revolution, directly at least. After the revolution, the states--the Northern states one by one found the means for abolishing slavery. Prior to that, slavery had been--existence everywhere though obviously much more concentrated in the South. So you could say that slavery was the big difference between the two, but there were lots of other differences. One of them is that the Southerners had pursued a very profitable intensive monoagriculture. Maybe it was rice one place or tobacco another place. That was different, where there was much more of a mixed economy in the North.
But I started to say about Northern abolition--that had a tremendous ideological and social impact on the North and differentiated it from the South in a very conspicuous way, because now it wasn't just the paucity of slaves in the North, it was an actual moral stance having been taken against slavery.
LAMB: How many slaves were there in the North?
LAMB: What was the impetus to get rid of the slaves or take them out of slavery?
Prof. APPLEBY: I--the impetus was very much a sense of the contradiction between the natural rights affirmed in--in America's founding, in the Declaration of Independence. It was a--it was a--a dramatic move. It was the first legislative act abolishing slavery in the history of the world. It's in--interesting that England gets credit for being the first country to abolish slavery because the United States as a whole didn't abolish it, but these states had--the Constitution left the states in control of having laws that created property in human beings or abol--getting rid of those laws. So actually the state of Pennsylvania, in 1780, was the first political unit to abolish slavery.
LAMB: Why didn't that happen in the South?
Prof. APPLEBY: It didn't happen in the South because there wasn't the same drive to do it. There was a m--and there were many, many more slaves in the South--th--about 40 percent of Virginia's population, which is a--far and away the largest state in the Union was African-American. South Carolina had a slave majority--more like 60 percent of the population. So there were many more complicated problems associated with abolishing slavery in the South. And as I said, it didn't have the same group of--of reformers--anti-slavery reformers. But there was anti-slavery agitation in the South. North and South the contradiction between slavery and the Declaration of Independence was evident and spoken about, but it was just a much more difficult--th--in so many different ways it would have been harder because in the s--the North, there was a--a small free black population to grudgingly integrate into the white population.
One thing--interesting things about Northern abolition is that it was gradual. It was peaceful and it was gradual. Typically, a state would, you know, pass a law that would say: All slaves will be--born after this date will be free when they reach the age of 21 for women, or 24 for men. So it was a gradual way. They--there--it would have been difficult to have a gradual emancipation in the South, or at least it would have been straining the moral and economic resources of the South in a way that it wasn't in the North.
LAMB: Did you write about people that were born in this country?
LAMB: They didn't--they didn't come here from somewhere else.
Prof. APPLEBY: There are a couple of people who float through who come--who immigrate in the 1790s, but it's--yes, primarily--overwhelmingly about people born here.
LAMB: How many autobiographies did you read for this book?
LAMB: How long were those?
LAMB: And where--and where do you find them?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, fortunately someone before me has made a bibliography of American autobiographies, which I used to find them; though I did find some on my own. Some of them are still in manuscript, but most of them have been published. Sometimes they're published by grandchildren or they're published by an historical society.
LAMB: What was your biggest--or--or a couple of your surprises that--in them and what were the names of the people? Anybody.
Prof. APPLEBY: You mean in the lives of them?
LAMB: In all the lives you found.
Prof. APPLEBY: Oh, Icabod Washburn was a--had a life that I was bou--rather fascinating. Cumulative, there were more surprises. Julia Tevis was a big surprise. A really fascinating woman.
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, she was a--a young woman who was born in the Kentucky frontier, but her father was a German. His name was Aronamous, so she was born Julia Aronamous, and he had a very advanced idea of the importance of education for his children, including his--his daughters, and he brought--came back to Washington, DC, from Kentucky because he didn't think they could get the proper education. And then her father subsequently dies and a brother also dies, so she becomes the supporter of her mother and younger sister and she becomes a school teacher. She's converted by a Methodist minister and marries a Methodist circuit writer.
And the most amazing thing is that on her honeymoon she convinces her husband to give her the wedding gift from his family of a house and to turn that house into a school for girls. And she converts it into the Science Hill Academy. She used the word `science' because she wants to demonstrate that women can learn about science just as men. And for the next 60 years, she runs this school. Sh--her first child--she has seven children. Her first child is born a couple of months after the school is opened. But just this vision that she had and the determination and the sense that there was an opportunity and she figured out how she could act on it.
LAMB: Why did they write the autobiographies?
Prof. APPLEBY: I think they wrote the autobiographies for a number of reasons. One of them is that their lives saw dramatic changes. A--a--this is the age of invention. This is when people could--for--for th--be born and never see anything more complicated than a windmill and end up with railroads and steam engines doing everything. So there was--there were dazzling technological changes. There was a sense of being a part of a--of a new country and this American experiment. They--all of them were modest successes. People who are failures don't write autobiographies. So they wrote to tell generat--their family what they had seen, how the times they had a changed and also to register their accomplishments.
LAMB: Did they publish these autobiographies?
Prof. APPLEBY: Some of them do, but most of them are published after their deaths.
Prof. APPLEBY: So it's a mixed bag.
LAMB: ...just--just to have on the record for the families?
Prof. APPLEBY: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. I think--I think Benjamin Franklin had something of a--of an influence. I think that--that was one of the first autobiographies and I think it was sort of a model. Here was an American that you would like to emulate, who had put down information about his childhood and what he had seen and how he had grown and developed.
LAMB: Can you parallel the public figures that were revolutionary vs. the ones that you're thinking about?
Prof. APPLEBY: Yes. Well, I mean, you know, there are all the--the John Adamses, Thomas Jeffersons, James Madison, all of those are--would be parents or grandparents of the people that I am looking at. The political figures in my cohort are the presidents: John Tyler, Benjamin Harrison, Martin Van Buren, John Calhoun, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay. These are the--the political stars of this generation.
LAMB: Where did you write the book--what part of the country?
Prof. APPLEBY: In Los Angeles--west Los Angeles.
LAMB: What do you do out there?
Prof. APPLEBY: I teach history.
Prof. APPLEBY: The University of California at Los Angeles.
Prof. APPLEBY: I've taught history for 33 years and I've been at UCLA since 1981.
Prof. APPLEBY: You know, I think--I have a theory about people and why they become what they become. I think there are about four basic ways to understand reality or understand the world. One of them is, obviously. through measuring and it, you know, it appeals to people who are--who be--who become scientists of observation and measurement. Another one is clearly a religious sensibility. There's also, I think, a poetic and imaginative way of grasping reality. And another is to understand what has gone before--to see what human beings in very different times and different places have created out of this human potential. And there are just people who are naturally curious historically and I'm one of them.
LAMB: When did you start being curious?
Prof. APPLEBY: I--I was a history major as an undergraduate and I think I was curious before then, though I tended to satisfy my curiosity by reading novels. Nineteenth century novels taught me an awful lot about the past.
LAMB: What book is this, what number for you?
Prof. APPLEBY: Four and a third.
LAMB: What were the others about?
Prof. APPLEBY: I wrote one about economic thought in 17th century England. It was a kind of--that was the first book that I published. I did by doctoral dissertation on how the French used American ideas in their--the opening months of the French Revolution and that I published as articles. And then I did a study of economic thought in England which was tied into America. I was interested in--in how Americans had come to conceive of soci--society as having a natural harmony--what--what was--what was behind Americans' belief in limited government and an expansive ambit for voluntary action and individual ambition. And so it took me back to economic writings in 17th century England.
And then I wrote a book about the Jeffersonians in the 1790s, the battle with the Federalists. The battle royal in American politics is the--is the battle that changed am--this--the direction of the American Revolution and has informed our political system ever since. And then my third book--that is to say my one-third book--I did with co-authors Lynn Hunt and Marcus Jacob and it's called "Telling the Truth About History." And it's a study of what we expect from history and historians, what kind of knowledge and truths we seek in the past.
LAMB: There were three little things--maybe they're not so little, but they're symbols that you write about that--for instance, was it John Adams that developed the Mister President title?
Prof. APPLEBY: Mm-hmm--no, he--no, he lost.
Prof. APPLEBY: Yes. Right. Yes. Yes.
LAMB: ...during--what--what did he want?
Prof. APPLEBY: Oh, I think he wanted `your excellently,' `his highness,' `the protector of our liberties,' something like that.
Prof. APPLEBY: Because he believed as--he was a cons--he was a conservative revolutionary and he believed that order was fragile and that in order to maintain order, you had to en--create some awe between the people and their officeholders. And the president he saw as the pre-eminent officeholder in America and he thought that the president needed all the respect and honor, adulation and obeisance almost possible in order to keep this frail republic intact.
LAMB: Who--who beat him on this?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, the--the--the people who later became Jeffersonians. They weren't that yet in the first Congress. They came as just elected men from their neighborhood. They weren't clearly defined by party yet. But there were people like James Madison. Others just thought this was laughable. It was just ridiculous.
LAMB: Well, you say that--was it Madison or his wife that wanted the "Hail to the Chief"?
Prof. APPLEBY: Yes, that was later.
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, let me--let me start with that. So--so they won the battle and--and they settled with Mister President. You couldn't have a--a--a sparer title for that. Then fast forward to the presidency of James Madison. James Madison was a small man. He was--people described him as sort of birdlike. Always in a black suit. And m--Dolly Madison noticed that when the president and she arrived at various receptions around Washington, that no one paid any attention to the fact the president had entered the room and this disturbed her. And so she arranged and worked with someone to have "Hail to the Chief" written and performed wherever there was a reception to--to which her husband was going. And so that's how "Hail to the Chief" came. But those--those are--they're similar, but they're also different. And--but, yes I guess you could say that she was concerned with the same issue that had bothered Adams, but after the informality had--had entered in to a degree that seemed alarming.
LAMB: And then you wrote about Thom--Thomas Jefferson being interested in getting rid of the wig, getting rid of the bow.
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, I think Jefferson was very, very shrewd. And he saw that if you wanted to have democratic politics and you wanted to have participatory politics where voters were not just opinion-givers at--on Election Day but active participants in the political process, informed and giving opinions and sharing information, that you had to collapse the distance between officeholders and voters so that there wasn't this awe that made people tongue-tied.
So he did everything he could to remove formality from the presidency. If the doorbell rang and he was near the door, he opened it. If he was still in his morning coat, he opened it still. He got rid of all the protocol. There was a--protocol at state dinners was that the president usually entered the dining room when the dinner was served with the wife of the ambassador of Great Britain on his arm, and then the ambassador would come with the president's hostess on his arm, a wife if there was a wife. Jefferson had the rule: He who is next to the door goes in first. This created a diplomatic flap because the ambassador of Great Britain was just outraged at this.
LAMB: Again, you--you're writing about people who were born between 1776 and 1800.
LAMB: So the focus--the years that you're really focused of them being old enough to be involved, would be what?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, I would say really the first three decades of the 19th century.
Prof. APPLEBY: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. I have material on the 1790s because it's a very tumultuous decade and it's important, and there are some of them who, by that time, are in their 20s. But, yes, most of the action.
LAMB: Give us a profile on what the United States looked like in those 30 years: people, where they had come from, what their religion was.
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, to give a profile of a country that was as rambunctious as American society in those decades is going to be very hard. I can give you some snapshots. In 1810, a third of the Americans lived in new communities. Never have we had that many people in--on the frontier. So it was a--a society in motion, moving West, moving into the cities. The American cities double; they're--they're doubling in population every 10 years when the nation as a whole takes 20 years.
Religion, too, is just going through an exuberant period; it's what historians refer to as the Second Great Awakening. But what happened is that the old-line churches lost their financial support. In time, all churches in America are turned into voluntary associations. And the people are moving West, and there are no churches going with them. It's--it's expensive.
LAMB: What--what are the old-line churches?
Prof. APPLEBY: The Episcopalian Church, which was the Church of England; the Presbyterian Church; the Congregational Church is a dominant church in New England. Those are the old-line churches. The Methodists are a new group that grew--they began in the--the bosom of the Church of England, but they break with the Church of England, they break with Episcopalians, become a separate mesc--Methodist Episcopal Church in America.
And then the Baptists--now there had always been Baptists in America, but they were very small sects. But they--what's happened is that these--the Methodists and the Baptists have the means to reach the people in the West who are going west without churches and after five, 10 years, are unchurched. Their children are unbaptized; they're getting married without marriage ceremonies. And there is a thirst for religion. And you have these often unskilled--I shouldn't say unskilled--uneducated preachers; they do have a skill and a talent and a calling to preach. But you have them going into the frontier and preaching and creating converts and building new churches. So religiously for these--at this time, you have a proliferation of sects. They finally pull back and don't maintain the distinction between church and sect and call them all denominations.
LAMB: As you know, a quarter of the population today is Catholic, and about six million of the population are Jewish. When did the Jews and the Catholics come to the United States?
Prof. APPLEBY: There--there--the first Jewish congregation came in the 17th century, actually. It came from Brazil to New York City. But that population--the Jewish population, I mean, was very small. There's several people in my cohort who are Jewish, but it's very small. And that population, the real Jewish immigration doesn't come till the end of the 19th century.
Catholic population, there are some Catholics with the Irish population that came in the 18th century, but many more Scotch-Irish, as they were called, who were Presbyterians. Catholic immigration begins in the 1840s, with the potato famine and--and other dislocations in Ireland, and then also in Germany. So you don't have very much--let me just--this also is a period with the lowest foreign-born population in American--percentage in American history; about only 3 percent are foreign, and most of those are slaves who've come in with the opening up of the slave trade, the brief opening up.
LAMB: And I--I just saw a figure, I think it's like 9 1/2 percent now foreign-born in the country.
LAMB: And there were times when it was a lot larger than that.
Prof. APPLEBY: Much larger. At the end of the 19th, early 20th century, it was--two-thirds of the people in American cities at the end of the 19th century were either foreigners or foreign-born.
Prof. APPLEBY: Who, all the people?
LAMB: Back in--back--back in those--those three decades.
Prof. APPLEBY: No, no electricity.
Prof. APPLEBY: No, not yet. The first railroad is, I think, 1832, the B&O. They're--you know, they're just beginning. There're canals. The Erie Canal was the great engineering triumph. It s--opened in 1825. That--there--and there're roads. There's a national road; there are post roads; there are toll roads. They're doing everything they can to connect the country in a transportation system. There is a steamboat which finally enables the--the Western farmers to get their boats back up the Mississippi and the--and the Ohio.
LAMB: You say that--that women and couples had lots of children, like there was a--once there was, I remember, as many as nine children on average per family.
Prof. APPLEBY: Yes, yes. There's a pretty high mortality rate, though. It's unusual to have a big family. The average number, I think the demographic figures, the average number of children is about seven point something at the beginning of the 19th century, and it's dropped to four by the end. So there are some big families. But there are also--I have lots of families that are just--children wiped out by diphtheria or tuberculosis or cholera. I mean, so it's--it's a mixed picture; it's not--it's not even. And that's true of just about everything about this generation.
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, in the North, almost everyone, including free blacks got three years of three-month schooling. That was the goal, to teach reading, writing and ciphering. South, it would be many fewer, but there were lots of academies for planters' children in the South. What's fascinating about teaching is that--illiteracy--is that teaching was the great s--bridge for talented boys and even some talented girls to get off the family farm, then if they were good at book learning, they could become teachers, and then a year or two they could move into one of the new areas, perhaps become a lawyer, move on to becoming a newspaper editor, a clerk in a store. It's fascinating what teaching offered young people.
LAMB: How big was the military?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, the military was very, very small. It swells at the time of the War of 1812. I think at the end of the war, there were about 70,000 in the Army. They quickly d--demobilize and get down to a force of about 13,000, 14,000. West Point is founded in--in the first decade of the 19th century.
LAMB: And how important was the--if you were in the military back in those years, were you a big deal?
Prof. APPLEBY: You were in the War of 1812. It created a lot of--of particularly Naval heroes. I don't think so. I don't think it was terribly important. I think at time of war, yes, you had some heroes. What you did have the military doing is teaching men civil engineering, and the Army virtually lent civil engineers to railroad companies and to canal companies and to expeditions--expedition that found Yellowstone, Stephen Long's expedition. So there were many ways that military people participated in the economic life.
LAMB: Would you have liked to have lived back then?
Prof. APPLEBY: No. I love my own time.
LAMB: What do you think would be the major differences?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, a much more circumscribed role for women, which I couldn't help but think of instantly.
LAMB: Could you have taught school back then?
Prof. APPLEBY: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm, but I couldn't have taught at the university. I couldn't have been a scholar. There are very--I don't think there are any women who were scholars. There were certainly some brilliant women.
LAMB: You couldn't have voted, or could you in some places?
Prof. APPLEBY: I could have in New Jersey for a brief period, if I had property and no husband.
LAMB: Why no property--I mean, why property and no husband?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, because the way the law was written, it would be--there was a property qualification, and they didn't put in that you had to be a man. And so women voted. But women only controlled their property if they didn't have a husband, and so it was mainly wealthy widows who voted. And then that was changed, and then `women' wa--was put in and the vote was taken away from them.
LAMB: How many states in the early 1800s?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, that ch--the voting is determined by states, and so that d--could be--it'd be very different. African-American--free African-Americans vote in New Hampshire and Massachusetts all through this period. They voted in North Carolina, and then it was taken away from them. There is a movement to begin to have white male suffrage, but it--in 1850, Virginia still has property qualifications. Vermont comes in with no slavery and no property qualifications. So it's a patchwork quilt. But the--the move, the thrust is for free white men to be able to vote.
LAMB: Someplace you say that a black could not be a mailman?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, postmaster, I think it was. There--the--the Congress passed very--very differently--I mean, you--a black couldn't be in the Marines, but a black could be in the Army or the Navy. They were very different. Again, it's kind of featurive of the United States, and partly because we have states and federal government. It's--it's--has to be quite specific to the place and time.
LAMB: Don't know where the exact numbers are, but I remember you--back in those years, that a member of Congress represented something like 33,000 people where today it's over 600,000.
Prof. APPLEBY: Right. Right, right. Right.
LAMB: ...like, 1912 or something like that. But back then, it went from 100 to a couple hundred.
Prof. APPLEBY: Yes. Right, because they changed the--the--the proportions, and that often was done after the census was taken. But it was--what I estimated also, I think in that same business about 33,000 people, that the actual voters were more like 6,000, and the voting pool would be the candidate pool. And that's pretty--that's--you could know those people in your district. You could know all the voters if you were out there as a politician and interested.
LAMB: You built up a--a kind of a--a battle between the Federalists and the non-Federalists.
Prof. APPLEBY: Mm-hmm, that's right.
LAMB: Who would have been a Federalist back in those early 1800 years, and what would that have meant?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, the Federalist is the party that--that wrote the Constitution. Its most lu--illustrious members are George Washington, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton. And, by and large, these were men who were conservative. They wanted to retain what they'd gained in the Revolution, but they believed in order, and they thought that order was fragile. And they really wanted to have a Great Britain cleansed of the impurities and corruptions of Great Britain.
Now Thomas Jefferson wa--and--and I use him to stand in for other people, but he was so far and away the important figure here--saw this as a--just a terrible loss if the Revolution in America just stopped at being another Great Britain, and he wanted to see a revolution in the sense of creating a new kind of society that was thoroughly democratized, where there was political participation, where there was free speech. He wanted to animate the--the--the public. He--and he very much wanted religious toleration, and he was very interested in scientific speculation.
But he had this idea that human beings--and he--we have to say he really meant white men had been shackled down, they'd been burdened by hierarchies: hierarchies in the church, hierarchies at home and the father, hierarchies in politics. And if you could just get rid of those hierarchies, you would release the energy that's just bubbling in there, in each human being. So he challenges Washington's administration, and they do it around such issues as political participation, forming political clubs, free speech. The Federalists then pass laws to restrict free speech, alien sedition laws. So it thoroughly politicizes this generation, these battles of the 1790s.
And because democratic politics is new, men take political disputes as an inf--impugning their honor. I think you may have read in there how important dueling was; `important' sort of the wrong word, but how--what a prominent part dueling plays because these men aren't used to disagreeing. They don't have a concept of an issue, something that good men can disagree on.
LAMB: You wrote that it's something like 100 people in politics have been killed.
Prof. APPLEBY: That's--that's--that's what one of the newspapers estimates, and I find duels everywhere, and they're al--and the amazing thing is that three-quarters of these duels, according to contemporaries, were over politics. They weren't over gambling debts or women, which was typical in Europe. They were about politics--being on the opposite side in politics, getting up and--and--and slurring someone in a speech because of his support of a Navy or a salt tax or a--a road to be built a certain place.
LAMB: Alexander--I mean, Andrew Jackson.
Prof. APPLEBY: Andrew Jackson was--was known as a dueler.
Prof. APPLEBY: Yes. Yes. Indeed. In fact, it was--this was particularly awful because the young man's gun--it was a much younger man--gun was--was--misfired, so he had to just stand there while Jackson points his gun and kills him. But, yes. I mean, so the--the Federalists--to get back to your question, so the Federalists in the early part of the 19th century were dramatically defeated by Jefferson. Not that it was a landslide; it was very even. But they're so astounded that they would be turned out of office, and then after that they are the conservers of a more traditional set of political values.
LAMB: You mention that after the War of 1812 veterans received 160 acres of land.
LAMB: How did that work? And what impact did that have on where people went in those years?
Prof. APPLEBY: It had a big--another surge forward into the West. Some veterans would sell those bounties--they might set up a store and sell the bounty. So there was always a brisk trade in the--the paper involved in--in land. But, in fact, most of them went west, and that's when you have these states of the Northwest and the old Southwest coming into the Union.
LAMB: There's a quote you have here from John Adams, "Americans are ambitious because the lowest can aspire as much as the highest." Why did that happen in this country and say, not in Britain or not in other European countries?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, I think in part because of this Jeffersonian challenge that just--it chal--it broadly challenged not only politics, but the social forms of hierarchy. Also, just as you asked me about how many people were living there, there were four million of them, they're on the edge of a very, very fertile continent, so they have the opportunity--indeed, everybody wants to see them be ambitious--and then the nation is--is forming at a time of economic development--the beginning of the--of industrialization, of trade, of finance, of the professions. So it's a very fortuitous convergence of developments.
LAMB: What impact did the printed word have back then?
LAMB: Did anybody have an unusual amount of concentration of power back then in the print?
Prof. APPLEBY: No. No. There--there are lots of publishers, lots of printers. They tend to--oodles of printers. I started to do something on printers; there were too many of them to handle. There are just hundreds and hundreds of printers, and newspapers. In 1822, Americans are buying more issues of the newspaper than any country in the world regardless of size, regardless of population. It's just a phenomena. Foreigners are just dazzled by this. They say everybody reads the newspaper. The little African-American bootblack reads the newspaper, the woman who's hocking fruit reads the newspaper, fathers read the newspaper to their children at breakfast.
LAMB: You say there were 371 dailies in 1810.
Prof. APPLEBY: That's a lot. That--that's a coun--a country of eight million.
LAMB: What about education? How--was there college?
Prof. APPLEBY: Yes, there were seven colonial colleges, and then after the Revolution there are a number of new colleges that are formed. In my period you have the beginning of the state universities. So there are--I don't know--I don't--I hesitate to guess--probably 30 or 40 by the end of my period. And, of course, the religious revivals inspire colleges, because groups wish to have their boys and girls reared in the--in their church and learn th--do their actual secular learning in a religious environment. And then, of course, there are seminaries for preachers.
LAMB: There is not a chapter you have in here where slavery doesn't come up.
Prof. APPLEBY: No, it's everywhere.
LAMB: Was it everywhere when you found your material from back then?
Prof. APPLEBY: Yes, they talk about it. It is the problem that they cannot resolve. Absolutely. It is fascinating. I think what's--what's--one of the fascinating things is that the Founding Fathers and the next generation, they knock out slavery where it's weakest and they leave it where it's strongest. And they almost make the Civil War inevitable by doing that.
Prof. APPLEBY: Wa--well, it happened because they--there were reformers who took the initiative and abolished slavery in the North, and the absence of slavery in the North not only meant that they didn't have slaves, it meant that it freed Northerners to imagine a world without slaves, to write critically of slavery. If slavery had still been in the m--in their midst in the North, you wouldn't have had people being so freely critical of it. I--so I think it's both the absence in the North and the presence in the South that keeps it in the public eye. And then, of course, there are vocal anti-slavery people. Congress opens each session, and there are a bunch of petitions, some of them from free blacks, some of them from Quakers. They can't get away from it. Southerners are just enraged that this--that this, their institution which they understand and want to wall off, is--is having--you know, is being examined and criticized by former slaves.
LAMB: What was the American Colonization Society?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, that's a group that forms to resettle free blacks in Africa. They're actually the founders of Liberia on the west coast of Africa, like Sierra Leone was founded by Great Britain in order to prev--provide a haven for former slaves that the British freed in--during the--the American Revolution. The Colonization Society attracted a lot of attention as a possible solution to the problem of slavery in America, because the problem was twofold. It was not only the existence of this hideous and degrading institution, which was now being publicly exposed, but there was a problem of white America's disin--being disinclined to live in a biracial society. So the thought was, `Well, what if we repatriate free slaves, send them back to Africa?' And indeed a couple of thousand do go back and form the nucleus of Liberia. But it's--it's--it's a fantasy solution. The population of slavery is, you know, doubling every 20 years.
LAMB: Some big names in history--Henry Clay and later on Abraham Lincoln--were for this idea?
LAMB: Why do you think they were for it?
Prof. APPLEBY: Oh, Clay, I can sort of understand. Lincoln is more difficult. I--it--I suppose it offered some hope of solving a problem that--that seemed too big for anyone to solve. It's--it's perplexing to me, it really is, because it is--if you just sat down with a pencil and paper and counted up the number of slaves in America and the number of boats it would take, wha--there was no organization that could have transplanted all of the slaves back to Africa.
LAMB: And the total number of slaves in the United States in these early 1800 years?
Prof. APPLEBY: A million moving to four million by the time of the revo--of the Civil War.
LAMB: Now I remember a figure you had in here of 197 free blacks--197,000 free blacks.
Prof. APPLEBY: Right. Right. There are about 500,000 by the end of my period.
LAMB: By the end of your period?
LAMB: Could have the s--they have the same rights as everybody else?
Prof. APPLEBY: No. Their s--their citizenship is circumscribed very definitely, again, depending upon the states. They could not serve in the militia, and this often prevented them from voting. It was really a catch-22. They couldn't vote because they couldn't serve in the militia. And also the--they were often in the--in court action. They couldn't be witnesses against a white person, which was very difficult for people in business, because if they didn't have a bill paid to them, they didn't have the same access to the courts. In other--free blacks, their lives, their civic personality was circumscribed dramatically.
Prof. APPLEBY: Yeah, isn't that interesting?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, I think that--that Americans w--contemporaries said they were money mad. Does that surprise us? I mean, it--it was a very ebullient economy, they were all--there was this release of ordinary ambition and there was this sort of scrambling for land. In the South you had a scrambling for land and slaves. But the Southerners managed to keep this out of public view. In the North it was much more open, and this was new; this was novel. It wasn't refined. It wasn't restrained the way it had been, and people were shocked at this open avidity for gain.
LAMB: Where did it come from?
LAMB: ...the--the rush for money. I mean, that comes up in your--materialism.
Prof. APPLEBY: I--I think it came from the absence of restraints. I think it m--it meant that people could follow their ambition and they could be--they could brag about it at the tavern, they could talk about it in the parlor. And maybe there were some people who were outraged that they were doing this. I mean, people of taste, no doubt, you know, were offended. But it was the--the arbiters--the social arbiters had been dismissed. They had been sent home, sent away, and the public was pretty much open to whatever group was out there and wanted to do something in the public.
LAMB: Any other place in the world like it then?
Prof. APPLEBY: I don't think so. No, not at all. I think it was remarkable. And foreign travelers attest to its remarkable status. I mean, they were fascinated.
LAMB: ...Charles Dickens? And what did they find when they came here?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, they found much of what I'm reporting. They found a society that was intoxicatingly free. They saw things that they--that they loved. They s--they loved this outpouring of human energy. They loved to see these associations that were forming. But they were appalled at--at other things like the scramble for money or the--the servants' lack of respect appalled everyone. Servants in America were saucy. They wouldn't accept the word `servants'; they were `help.' That was an Americanism that the British thought was just ridiculous; you don't have servants. So they--there was a mixed report. It--it was a society in which the--all the arrows were not pointing in the same direction.
LAMB: Where did the rush for temperance come from?
Prof. APPLEBY: I think it came from--well, obviously, the religious revivals had a lot to do with it, because you're not in control of yourself if you're--if you drink too much. And--and the Revolutionary generation drank a lot, way more than we drink today. And so I think there was this desire for more control; the control had religious impetus, but I also think that it had to do with ambition. If you have a plan, a life plan, and you want to succeed in that life plan--this is not an easy society to get ahead in; it takes a lot of hard work--it's incompatible with drinking in the morning or drinking in the afternoon, whereas in the old society, in an artisan's shop, as a printing shop, the youngest apprentice went out at--at 10:30 and came back with a bottle of--of liquor, and then at 2:00 they went out. I mean, there--no one ever built a ship or raised a house without providing liquor for the--for the workers.
So drink was--was, you know, just implicated in all the--it--everyday routines, and I think it became incompatible with many people's sense of--of how to--how to get what they want, how to get ahead, how to do what they--activate their plans.
LAMB: How far did the restrictions go?
Prof. APPLEBY: Restrictions on drink?
LAMB: They did--they didn't s--it wasn't like Prohibition?
Prof. APPLEBY: No, no, no.
LAMB: They didn't--they didn't stop?
Prof. APPLEBY: No, no, no. No. No. The only thing I know that was sort of violent was--that was--may have been …--they--once the temperance for--once they formed associations, then they wanted to get rid of all liquor, and they cut down hundreds of apple trees to get rid of apple cider which was fermented, and hard apple cider was one of--one of the liquors. No, it was all voluntary, but I--you know, this--we conform to the social mores if we see that something is going to get--earn us frowns and--and--and ugly looks, we'll move away, just like smoking today. The poor people who smoke and have to huddle up against business buildings outside, you know, that--that's a miracle of the anti-smoking campaign in the last 30 years.
LAMB: What was the Sabbath Crusade?
Prof. APPLEBY: Sabbath Crusade was to stop all business on Sunday, and--and this--most churches and churchgoers observed that; they observed the Sabbath and they didn't do any ordinary work on Sunday. But as the tempo of commerce increases, post offices stayed open on Sunday. And the worst thing is that the Erie Canal ran on Sunday 'cause you couldn't stop the Hudson River and the other rivers from flowing; you couldn't stop the canal.
So this upset people, and there was a move to get the federal government to enforce the Sabbath in the ways that it could. One of them was to--to not deliver the mail on Sundays, and the--and this failed. A--in this case, the churches were beaten back by those people who argued that the government shouldn't interfere in this way.
LAMB: ...did he kill Tecumseh?
LAMB: Went on to be vice president. You find--did you find much about him?
Prof. APPLEBY: Not a lot. Y--you remember, he was the--the--he was such a hero that the--that--that when he was a congressman, they got him to put forward the bill to raise the salaries, the congressional salaries.
Prof. APPLEBY: And just--people were just outraged that the congressmen were going to vote themselves a raise. I think it was a 25 percent raise. And they--the people rose up and--as I say, locally and formed associations and--and defeated all the incumbents--not all of them, but just an--an incredible number of incumbents the next time around, and got the--their congressmen to pledge that they would repeal the act, and they did.
LAMB: When you did your research, could you find newspapers from this period?
LAMB: Where do they keep them?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, the American Antiquarian Society has a wonderful collection of newspapers. It's--it's in Worcester, Massachusetts. And actually, the nephew of the founder of the American Antiquarian Society is in my book. So they have a--they have a great collection. They're in the Library of Congress. I read most of the autobiographies in the Library of Congress.
LAMB: Now one of the things you--you mentioned in here Thomas Paine in your book, and I was--because we were having a guest on our program from TomPaine.com, saw your name on the advisory committee.
Prof. APPLEBY: What is TomPaine.com?
LAMB: Yeah, and how did you get involved in that?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, I'm not deeply involved in it. I'm sort of there as an adviser. It's--it's a Web site where opinions--pieces are posted and letters are invited, and it--it--they produce editorials that are concerned with issues--public issues of the sort that Thomas Paine might be--might have been interested in: good government, you know, the watchdog on--on our governors.
LAMB: What role did Thomas Paine's writings--and I know they came mostly before this period--what di--role did they have in the thinking that went on in the early 1800s?
Prof. APPLEBY: Hard to say. I mean, "Common Sense" does articulate the idea of a natural social harmony of a society of limited government in which the people's cooperative--natural cooperative instincts are brought out. But you know, Paine went on to write "The Age of Reason," which is an attack on organized religion. So when he--he does return to the United States many years later, and he's not warmly received because he's then seen as an infidel; he's seen as someone who's attacked religion, and the country has become a great deal more religious than it was during the Revolutionary era. So he comes back and--and really is in--and--is--just lives in obscurity and dies in New Rochelle.
Prof. APPLEBY: I certainly care a lot about a lot of things. I don't know that I'd characterize myself as an activist. I march occasionally and--and, you know, participate in discussion groups and lend financial support to causes that I care about. But I--I don't think I could be characterized as an activist now.
LAMB: Are people more or less active today in things like this than back in the 1800s?
Prof. APPLEBY: I think--oh, I think less active. Oh, definitely less active.
Prof. APPLEBY: I suppose because there's so many more things for them to be active in, so many more recreational pursuits, so many other intellectual interests, so many other tastes to indulge, so much just pure recreation to enjoy. And there wasn't that. But also I think this generation took very seriously the fact that they had inherited a remarkable revolution, and they wanted to demonstrate to a world of monarchs and monarchies what democracy--what a democratic society could truly be.
LAMB: So looking back to this time period, who do you--who would you th--name as the most responsible for what we are today? Back in, you know, the--the activists back in the 1800s.
Prof. APPLEBY: Mm. You know, there are--there are a number of them; I don't think there is any one. I would say that Thomas Jefferson's influence was the most pervasive in this generation. They frequently talk about him. As a hero, Henry Clay looms large, as does George Clinton and--I'm sorry, not Clinton--George Clinton; his nephew DeWitt Clinton, because he was the one who championed the--the Erie Canal. So those figures in my generation are important.
Interestingly enough, Andrew Jackson doesn't figure as a--as a great hero. I'm sure he was to people, but he doesn't seem to be to the people that I've read. But Jefferson was important because he so clearly articulated a different conception of what a republic could be, and a d--and he had a different vision of how human beings--how--could participate in their society. And this--people refer to him throughout this period.
LAMB: Where are you from in the country originally?
LAMB: How long'd you live there?
LAMB: Where from--where did you go from there?
Prof. APPLEBY: I went to Dallas, Texas, and then to Kansas City, Missouri, and then to Evanston, Illinois, and then to Phoenix, Arizona, and then to Pasadena, California.
LAMB: Why all the moves?
Prof. APPLEBY: My father was with a large corporation, and they were transferring him.
LAMB: How about your mom? What'd she do?
Prof. APPLEBY: She was a homemaker and voluntary worker.
LAMB: Who got you interested in--i--or--I don't know if it's a person, but in--in the history thing in the first place, do you think?
LAMB: What side were they on?
Prof. APPLEBY: Oh, they were always on the--my father became increasingly conservative as he became part of the business community. And so they were always on the radical side of Roosevelt's administration. And there was a divide in 1936, '7, and they were always on the more--the more radical side.
Prof. APPLEBY: I went to Stanford.
LAMB: And how about what--the rest of your degrees?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, I got a master's at the University of California at Santa Barbara, and I got my PhD at Claremont Graduate School, which is the graduate school for the Associated Colleges of Claremont, Pomona College now.
LAMB: And what about students today and when you teach your history? Do they--do they care? Are they interested?
LAMB: Now what courses will you teach them?
Prof. APPLEBY: Well, I'm teaching a course now on the impact of the Enlightenment on American nation building. That's a--a seminar that I'm teaching. I teach the introductory course in 17th- and 18th-century America. I teach upper-division courses on the Revolution and the writing of the Constitution. That's, you know, a mix, but almost always 17th and 18th century.
LAMB: You say you've been at UCLA since 1981.
LAMB: What's changed in 19 years of teaching at UCLA?
Prof. APPLEBY: I don't know that the teaching has changed. The--the quality of interaction of the students has changed, and it's just--I l--I really love it. UCLA is an extraordinarily diverse campus. I mean, we're just every ethnic group, every religion, every race. And I--over the 18 years, 19 years, I have seen the students become more and more at ease with each other. It's--it truly is wondrous to watch their interaction. There was always I--a lot of goodwill, but it--but it tended--there was a certain formality, and that's just gone. They're just college students.
LAMB: You mentioned in your book the Second Great Awakening, which was back during this period. What was the first?
Prof. APPLEBY: First was a religious revival in the 1740s, the one that's associated with Jonathan Edwards. And it was much more confined and it was much more intellectual. It ha--it was a--both of them were efforts to go back to recapture religious experience, a really intense zeal, an intimate personal experience of God. Both--that was a common feature, but the first Great Awakening had its intellectual disputes, and it tended to end, whereas the Second Great Awakening never really has ended in the United States. It--it created American Christianity, with its emphasis upon the, you know, evangelizing, reaching out to people, upon the personal experience of sin, about being an active soldier for Christ in society. That is there in the Second Great Awakening, and I don't think--and it left a f--a--a--interlocking groups of churches in America that persist to this day.
LAMB: You told us you probably wouldn't want to go back and live in that period, but of the things that you learned about that period, what would be your favorite if you could capture something that happened back then or, you know, the way they lived back then that they don't now?
Prof. APPLEBY: Oh, I think the--the--the voluntary association, the zeal that just, you know, getting people together and forming a society to determine America's national character or to get rid of liquor or to honor the Sabbath or to whatever, just the idea that there was--that these people could move for women's rights, which of course happens in the next decade. I think that voluntary spirit was--was wonderful because it did create a--the--the social integration that I think is sometimes lacking in our world today.
LAMB: You have another book in ya?
LAMB: If you--if you'd had time, what would you write?
Prof. APPLEBY: I don't--I really don't know. I'm sort of eager to find out.
LAMB: This is the book we've been talking about by Joyce Appleby called "Inheriting the Revolution"--that period back there--"The First Generation of Americans" born in this country somewhere between 1776 and 1800. Thank you very much. | 2019-04-21T14:31:14Z | http://booknotes.org/Watch/157235-1/Joyce-Appleby |
Ma'alefa'ak was absolutely ruthless, attacking from all directions. His body shapeshifted into blades and blunts. His eyes burned with Laser Vision. Parts turned immaterial, then solidified, rending muscle and cracking bone. The Martian Manhunter would have never fought in this manner, without hesitation, even relishing the violence inflicted. Still, "Malefic" lacked the full range of J'Onzz's powers, which have never proven a match to the Kalanorian since his rebirth in the Flame of Py'tar.
The Devil Men of Pluto had a fine run. They always do. They're unrepentantly evil, uncompromising even when individual members are threatened, and unwaveringly intent on their goal. Of course, so was their opposition, who had ravaged his own home world purely for personal gain. The Martian overpowered and outclassed them completely, beating and robbing them in barely any time at all.
Commander Blanx had the teleportation sphere and a devious plan. He transported himself and one other back to the Iron City... at least, in part. Despero's genetic make-up had been programmed into the sphere, but in his original form from earlier in his career. The Kalanorian was still a force to be reckoned with, and the Martian had even more limitations on his powers than the fallen brother of their mutual nemesis, J'onn J'onzz. Who will be the ultimate victor?
Patrick Scherberger is one of the most notable artists to flash up Marvel Comics' all-ages superhero titles, which might explain his anachronistic JLA. Superman, Batman, the Barry Flash, and Wonder Woman (that we can see of her) are on model, but then Hal Jordan shows up in his rookie Green Lantern costume. There's an otherwise classic Aquaman with a bushy beard, and then Brightest Day Martian Manhunter. It's anarchy, but forgivable because it looks so nice.
My second greatest DC New 52 pet peeve* is that seven months in, we still haven't seen a Martian Manhunter design sketch, or even a credit to the artist responsible for the reworking. I actually like it and have generally positive things to say about it (for once,) but a year in, DC just keeps spitting up godawful Jim Lee costumes that are as out of touch as anything in Nightwing's closet. Anyway, I suspect blogger Jim Smash!!! had similar frustration over José Ladrönn's Martian Manhunter redesign following Infinite Crisis in 2006. Six years later, and I've yet to see any of Ladrönn's actual art for the project, with web searches triggering an echo effect back to this blog's previous requests to see said art. Al Barrionuevo's art on the mini-series that featured it favored squat, skinny panels and obscuring angles that rarely showcased the design clearly, and other artists tended to tweak the design in books as it suited them. In 2008, Jim was driven to take one of my favorite Martian Manhunter images, a Jeff Johnson splash from 1996's Justice League: A Midsummer's Nightmare #2 and work it over in Photoshop with the "Coneheadhunter" suit. The result is pretty freakin' sweet, and I echo Jim's sentiment about how we should have gotten Johnson on a solo series after this! Say Jim-- you ever consider doing this again, DCnÜ stylee?
*After "Why is Wonder Woman running around with a sword, chopping people up?" Then again, that's been a problem since before any of us ever heard of Dan Didio.
This was originally for Comic Vine.
People seemed to give the rough so I just had to finish it.
It's based on the Martian Manhunter redesign I created a while ago. It works well for a grown up version of the current character.
Updated with a slightly less manish face and brighter colors.
Aguilera also played with three alternate designs. One was so radical, it fit the "Lizard-Beth Salamander" take I had in mind for the character during the McKeever days, before the Young Justice cartoon solidified her characterization as manga-sweet. There's a gladiator and Legion of Super-Heroes take too, which you can check out here!
The wars were nearly over in the Iron City. Its "boss," Mister V, had already been defeated. Professor Hugo had managed to capture Bette Noir's psychic self, but when he had the idea to weaponize this entity (as Dr. Trap had done once before,) it backfired on him. Bette latched onto Vandal Savage, whose centuries of immorality outstripped any horrors that she had ever known. The telepathic backlash impacted on Hugo's big brain, and all fell down.
Mr. Moth was either skilled or blessed enough for his shot to ricochet off the side of the tank, then graze the invisible flesh on Mister Bones' noggin. When Bones slumped back through the port, his own gun misfired, triggering a blast from the tank. Striking a support for the overpass, the aging structure collapsed into the subway station underneath. This result was likely related to the vibrations of the Invaders from the Space Warp, once their rifles proved ineffective against the robot sentry.
Ma'alefa'ak flew down from the volcanos to greet Darkseid. "You were once my master, oh Lord of Apokolips, but I am ever the iconoclast..."
The Silver Age Founding Five Justice League in the ginchy-good animated style!
The Eye of the Storm, the headquarters of Stormwatch, went boom. Some of the debris was promised to hit Earth in an upcoming issue of Superman. Having left Hyperspace and entered the regular kind, military authorities became aware of the spaceship's presence. Jenny Quantum created a forcefield bubble around herself, the Engineer, Jack Hawksmoor and Martian Manhunter, the latter having established a telepathic link for communication. Midnighter was blown out into space, but was rescued by Apollo, who flew him back to Jenny's bubble. "God, you're hot."
The Eye was large enough to qualify as a city, so Jack Hawksmoor made contact with its avatar, an irate Daemonite. "--You humans stole me-- bound me. And made me into a slave!" J'Onn J'Onzz maintained a mental rapport, and painfully acknowledged of the artificial intelligence consciousness, "He has woken it! Its psychic presence-- it is enormous!" It had been switched off since Stormwatch "stole" the station, and would "joyfully die" in service to the "holy cause" of killing these jerks. The Engineer somehow powered-up Jack's synapses, making his consciousness strong enough to rival the Daemonite's. Instead of a brawl, Jack convinced the intelligence to "repurpose the millions of tiny forcefields that keep the station running" to "haul it back together." As a reward, the Daemonite would not be shut down again, and would have opportunities to aid its people. "Worthless unbeliever. I shall be your "city"-- but remember, you are parasites to me."
The Eye restored and in Hyperspace, Midnighter needed medical assistance, but demanded it for Jenny first. The Engineer wanted Harry Tanner's blood, as did Midnighter, who agreed to join Stormwatch with her as leader. As for Apollo, "Oh, if I join up-- he will too."
J'Onn J'Onzz did not know how to contact the redubbed "Shadow Lords" with Adam One gone. "I presume the Projectionist would have been told, being our new leader. She might know now. Which is worrying. But it is the way things have been done for centuries." J'Onzz was stressed over his inability to decipher what the horn was, and the betrayal of Tanner. "I considered him a friend. This is what he used to kill us. The Projectionist, whom he took to hide himself and limit us-- I was starting to enjoy her company a great deal. She is a warrior. If she can, she will contact us." J'Onzz noted Apollo, "said I was 'with the Justice League'-- a shorthand for 'public hero' that many humans use. But I have never actually attempted to join them. Because then I would have to keep secrets from them-- because the part of my life in Stormwatch means I would have to betray them!"
The U.S. military locked into the space sector where the Eye had appeared, intent on attacking it and taking its Hyperspace technology should the opportunity present itself again.
A meeting was called. For the first time, Stormwatch was on its own, and put leadership to a vote. Jack abstained with a caveat about loyalty to Adam One, while J'Onzz would support the consensus in this time of crisis. Apollo, Midnighter and Jenny approved the Engineer's nomination of herself. Their new mission: Securing alien artifacts and other objects of power previously known only to Adam One, but now accessible to the Eminence of Blades for his own plans. "To find them, we're going to need to become... explorers of what might have been."
"The Dark Side: Finale" was by Paul Cornell and Miguel Sepulveda. Talk about ending with a whimper. It was also something how all the forward momentum of an already limp plot petered out halfway through the issue, so that readers were treated to whole pages of random army guys at computers talking over coffee. It's such a treat to see Jack Hawksmoor look at grid coordinates for another full page. Yeah, you super heroes sit at that conference table like you really mean it.
The dual explosions of Brimstone and Fernus nearly shattered the island itself. Caught inside a maelstrom, Doomsday sensed something familiar within his atavistic brain. "Apo-ko-lips..." Through the flames, he spied a figure whose dimensions were nearly as impressive as his own. Twin beams of red cut through the inferno, as Darkseid pronounced, "Come then. You are not what you once were, and I will ever be your master..."
The Brightest Day cabochon and the JMS Wonder Woman make appearances on this painterly (but penciled) piece.
The Falcon's plane had struck something in the air, and though Porto's falling form went unnoticed, enough damage was done to require an immediate landing. Falcon luckily spotted a landing strip where military vehicles were located. Upon landing, the Falcon spotted a uniformed figure lying near a tank, a purple-clad General. Concerned, he turned to scan the area, and found himself face-to-skull with Mister Bones.
Before we even get started on the books, what the hell is this? There was a party to celebrate the unveiling of the latest DC Entertainment logo a couple of months ago, but I never noticed the enormous mural featuring New 52 versions of DC heroes, including a heretofore unseen Martian Manhunter that appears to be from the pen of Patrick Gleason. You can see more of it at Co.CREATE, and if someone out there could direct me to the full piece, I'd appreciate it.
Let me get this straight: The new writer of Stormwatch starts his run with the first part of a story that crosses over into a better selling title he launched that just lost its hot artist, who is being replaced by the former artist of Stormwatch that was helping to buoy its sales. Is this mean to broaden Stormwatch's audience or cannibalize it? Also, I don't really want to read about the Red Lanterns at all ever. Frig.
I haven't received the new issue yet, but I'm seeing and hearing good things. Maybe a completely new creative team will leave us with a book closer to what many of us hoped for in the beginning. At least the covers have gone back to including Martian Manhunter as part of a core trinity (for now.) I'm surprised they're going back to the Harry Tanner well so soon, though.
This one's got "Rock of Ages," the Prometheus two-(3?) parter, and an amusing (then) intercompany crossover. J'Onn's got his moments here.
I'm really not comfortable with the way DC seems to be assigning writers full authorial credit with that meek little art credit for the guys who do the heavy lifting.
B'rett is one of my favorite, and trickiest, rogues to cast. As I've mentioned in the past, he's basically an old west rowdy. B'rett rolls into town, busts stuff up, talks crap, steals, and waves his pistol around. Then, the first true opposition he faces, the guy feigns friendship and plots a swift, sneaky demise. Jack Palance was great at that kind of thing back in the day, so I wanted a contemporary equivalent.
I've been trying to cast younger for my 2012 list, but J'Onn J'Onzz and his foes just don't fit the PYT mainstream one would expect from a more popular property. My first choice, who made it all the way to an unpublished write-up with picture back in July of last year, was Michael Rooker. The Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer star is in his mid-50s, and I'd voice cast him in a heartbeat for animation. He's still got a physical presence, based on his turn as Merle Dixon on The Walking Dead, but I'd rather not place a short shelf life on a casting decision. As an alternative, I considered Adam Baldwin, who's been playing this type of rawhide sumbch for decades, most memorable as Jayne on Firefly. The thing is, he's too classically handsome for B'rett, plus Baldwin just turned fifty his own self.
Thankfully, in the time between my initial casting thoughts and finally publishing, Rooker's castmate Jon Bernthal took the character of Shane Walsh to a whole 'nother level on The Walking Dead. Between his shaved head, solid build and jacked-up nose, Bernthal became the spitting image of B'rett. When you break it down, Dead is an undercover western, as pilgrims make their way through a savage land with danger on all sides and justice delivered out the barrel of a gun. Shane's brutal, conscienceless pragmatism, clumsy manipulations, and base motivations in season two are exactly the sort of thing I'd expect from our favorite xanthic bandit. Tell me I'm wrong!
S'vor's momentary indecision cost him dearly, as he was struck from behind by Ryx's battered unconscious body, and both were flung into the deadly drink. The impact caught Scorch's attention as a similarly red-hued figure jogged toward her smiling. Wading into the silvery pools of melted metal, The Saturnian Criminal asked her, "Slide over here, and give me a moment. Your moves are so raw, and you look like one of my kind..."
M'gann M'orzz is a little ticked that she hasn't gotten her Miss Martian Monday in a while. In the spirit of Martian Manhunter Menagerie March Madness, here she is in her scary natural White Martian form!
Geoff Johns: "Martian Manhunter gets really messed up in this whole movie, doesn't he?"
Mike Carlin: "Yep, they're really kind of mean to him... But he can take it. What I like about him in this movie is they actually make him really cool, uh, and very different than Superman. In the comics a lot he's kind of like Superman but he can be invisible. Uh, so he's got one more power than Superman. But here he's..."
Geoff Johns: "He's very alien, and one of the great things, I think, about this animated feature compared to some of the others of the Justice League is that we get a really great glimpse at their personal lives... And even Martian Manhunter's, who you don't really... see often..."
Mike Carlin: "You don't know a lot about him."
Geoff Johns: "We were actually talking to Dwayne (McDuffie) about writing a Martian Manhunter comic book before he passed away."
Mike Carlin: "Oh, that would've been cool."
Mike Carlin: "I did not know that... You can always learn something on these commentaries."
Geoff Johns: "I thought this was an interesting group..."
Mike Carlin: "...Not the usual Legion of Doom... It's got a lot of the newer takes on characters, which is great."
Geoff Johns: "...This character right here (Malefic)"
Mike Carlin: "First time in a cartoon."
Geoff Johns: "Created by John Ostrander and Tom Mandrake for the Martian Manhunter series, I believe."
Mike Carlin: "I like they figured out the pronunciation of that for us."
Geoff Johns: "I think it shows the... psychological profile of this villain here... this is how they decide to get at John... So there's obviously some kind of hatred and love... battling there."
Mike Carlin: "The last two survivors of the Martian community."
Mike Carlin: "Oh, this is really interesting."
Geoff Johns: "We had talked about, uh, Martian Manhunter. Detective, uh... John Jones... and uh, the really cool... seeing a scene with him."
Mike Carlin: "Yeah, you don't see the private life of Martian Manhunter... at all in Justice League comics."
Geoff Johns: "And it's very different from Clark Kent or anyone else because..."
Mike Carlin: "Yeah, he's not the rich guy."
Geoff Johns: "Well he's just... he's alien. You can see it..."
Mike Carlin: "He doesn't know how to act with people."
Geoff Johns: "Yeah, it's just a brilliant take. Like... I'm not sure that the books have ever really captured on that, because even in the short lived little series he had in the nineties..."
Mike Carlin: "Ostrander had a cool take on the Manhunter, but it also kept him from becoming completely human like Superman has. Uh, Superman has really integrated himself as a human in human society. And Martian Manhunter had not just one secret identity but thousands all around the world. Which is a cool idea, but you don't get settled in that way. And you certainly don't learn how to, uh, interact."
Geoff Johns: "One thing I love about this scene is that it shows that, you know, obviously the League's been together for quite a while here. But, he's still not acclimated to our world... and I think that definitely does separate him from Clark Kent and Superman, who grew up here. But it also does make him unique... because you know he does have similar powers to Superman and..."
Mike Carlin: "...He gives a different flavor to this, uh, mix... which is great."
Geoff Johns: "Now, he was a member of the Justice League a lot when you were overseeing editorial, right?"
Mike Carlin: "Yeah, there was a point where Martian Manhunter was the only member of every incarnation of the Justice League. I don't know if that's true anymore."
Mike Carlin: "...It took him long enough. He got his own comic. Then he doesn't have to be in the Justice League anymore.
Geoff Johns: "He'll be back, though."
Mike Carlin: "Yeah, cause Martian Manhunter had very few if any villains of his own. He was always just a Justice League guy.
Geoff Johns: "Well, when you don't have your own series... How many villains does Aquaman have?"
Johns later notes that people clamor for the Martian Manhunter to be in the League because he is more clearly alien than anyone else, including Superman, making him unique. Carlin likes the cool gross creepiness of his shapeshifting powers. Johns also enjoys the shapeshifting battle between Manhunter and Malefic, especially the Starro cameo.
King Zeus wasn't used to working without minions, but he possessed the tools and determination to make this city a new domain for his collection. However, having worked his way up a twisted xenomorph skyscraper, he had found the immortal Vandal Savage lying in wait. He was a mere caveman, so what concern was he to a god...?
Lady luck always favored Professor Amos Fortune, at least if he had anything to say about it. He had brought along a probability adjustor for insurance, and he'd need it against medieval villain Baron Voto, whose magical ring had previously won him the European nation of Lavonia. The man lived in a castle, and doesn't the house always win?
Base of Operations: A deserted marshland outside Middletown, U.S.A.
The mysterious General, through unrevealed means, hand-picked a troop of men and outfitted them to act as a unique criminal military force. Employing weapons smuggled into the country, the plundering platoon organized itself along military lines for profit. The little criminal corps' first recorded heist involved robbing a vault with the aid of a tank. The crime force next looted the payroll of Apex Paint, but the crook-soldiers involved were arrested with the covert assistance of the Manhunter from Mars. The General had many other highly trained units, allowing his uniformed gangmen to besiege Middletown, U.S.A.
A trap was laid by the local police force, setting up Detective John Jones as bait, but spies allowed Jones to be captured without concern. However, the Manhunter from Mars could not be contained, and invisibly blitzed the crime-corps during a brazen daytime robbery. Despite their weaponry, the crime army was no match for the Martian Manhunter, and was taken into custody.
The General displayed no exceptional physical attributes, and relied on a lieutenant for much of his work. The General commanded dozens of troops armed with the latest military weapons of their day. The criminal corps' arsenal included machine guns, grenades, smoke shells, flamethrowers, several tanks, and a fighter jet.
Quote: "We waged a good battle today, gentlemen, but we must strike again, swiftly, before enemy troops-- the police-- have a chance to counter-attack!" | 2019-04-23T22:48:49Z | http://idol-head.blogspot.com/2012/03/ |
Imagine having no sense of smell.
It's hard, because we actually use our sense of smell for much more than we realize. For example, without a sense of smell, it's impossible to taste what we're eating.
.. or the scent of fresh baked bread.
Now, imagine going in for an operation and waking up after the anesthesia with your sense of smell gone.
And it doesn't come back.
That's exactly what happened to Birthe.
There's a term for not having a sense of smell. It's called anosmia.
Although I was aware some people suffer from anosmia, I'd never really given it much thought until I met Birthe, who told me a fascinating account of how she got her sense of smell back by a rather unusual method.
"Essential oils? Must be some kind of alternative voodoo method," some might think.
It was in fact Birthe's regular doctor who recommended she use 4 specific essential oils to help restore her sense of smell.
She was instructed to open and sniff each bottle 3-6 times a day for 3 months.
This precise choice of oils represents 4 distinctly different categories.
Anyone with a sense of smell would be able to distinguish the difference. Not so much a person with no sense of smell.
Birthe struggled with the task she was set.
But she was determined to give this a chance, so she continued. And after a few short weeks, she began to be able to tell the difference between them.
And it just kept getting a little easier every day after that.
Today, she says her sense of smell is 'pretty much back to normal'.
Can essential oils really help restore the sense of smell? I was fascinated by Birthes story and did a bit of digging around.
It does indeed look like it's true that essential oils can help restore the sense of smell.
Not only that, but science seems to be taking an in-depth look at the human olfactory system and what it means to have a functioning sense of smell.
Did you know certain odour compounds can even impact our skin function and influence stress levels?
This is definitely one area of research I will be following with interest. Meantime, I have a new appreciation for the many functions my nose performs on a daily basis.
Do you know anyone with anosmia? I'd love to hear about it in a comment below!
Thanks to those of you who have taken the time to contact me via my website or placed a comment with information.
Check Facebook for these groups*.
HI Karen - This is a fascinating account and certainly an eye-opener to hear that it can be downright dangerous to not have a sense of smell (the ammonia incident!). You might find additional helpful information about the essential oil sniffing method through some of the links at the bottom of the post. I hope this method will be of some help to you and I would be very interested to hear how it goes for you - regardless of what kind of success you have. Feel free to drop a follow-up comment on this post. I follow the comments on every post - no matter how old it is. Thanks again for sharing your story. I am rooting for your problem not being genetic!
HI Lisa. Beginning tomorrow, October 1st I will try this use of essential oil to see if I can get back some of my sense of smell/taste. Feb/2012 my taste and smell pretty much went away following an emergency surgery for internal bleeding. Now, if scents get to complicated I can't pick up the distinct differences. Cigarette smoke smells different. Burnt toast triggers in my chest, not my nose. Foods,for the most part, are flat in flavor/smell because of multiple scents emerging. My favorite perfumes don't even register in my brain anymore, but I can smell basic single notes of some oils. I will try this specific combination to see if it makes a difference by the end of the year.
I am just shocked and feel bad for these ladies. I read about this 7 yrs ago, after having radiation for Graves' disease and 5 nodules. The Radiation was just Unbelievably painful for me. I did not expect that reaction TBH. I was bed ridden 6 months before and after, total. Given a laptop and somehow, came across natural body are, when I realizide my dream of being a perfumer was probably unrealistic for now. I am disabled with Epilepsy.
I have a VERY sensitive since of smell, most times a GOOD thing...... Sometimes not so good.lol But reading that article after the radiation, terrified me! Because I was not sure what it would do to me later on! I have always had ear and sinus issues too.....so bad that I have gotten pneumonia. I lost my sense of smell AND much of my hearing too. Me, NOR my family understood why I had the TV all the way up, laying on the floor in front of it. I have to have a shot every 5 yrs now. ALERGIES in Spring and fall.......and MOLD SPORES, living near the beach, has caused ALERGIC ASTHMA also. I was 26 the first time that hit. I didn't even realize I could barely breath, till very very ill. My 34 yr. old, was also hit with it @ 10. He woke with blue lips and black eyes. Dr. said he was not to walk or play. It takes 3 months to heal from it.
My advice to ANYONE with just the ALERGy Attacks, do your best to keep your nose dry and blown. It is while you are sleeping, that all that infection can go into your lungs. And literally, you don't know how sick you really are, especially your children. That literally kept me scared to death, till the Dr. said he could play again.
I can't wait to try this!! I would love to regain my sense of smell! I was hoping I could find a way through essential oils! I am out of town but will be back home tomorrow where my oils are. This is very exciting!
Ooh Cathy best of luck with it!!
I to list my sense of smell after foot surgery. I have tried many things including Acupunture. It has been almost 3 years. Do you think these scents would help me?
Hey there Anon - It sounds like you had the same experience as the lady I wrote about in the blog post. It certainly helped her, so my only suggestion is to give it a go. I wish you the best of luck with it.
So excited to find this blog post. Last December I started experiencing a strong and constant smell of cigatettes. Sleep was my only escape, but after a while I began to wake in the middle of the night after dreaming I was trapped in a fire. So much for escaping the phantom smoke smell. I am virtually never exposed to cigarette smell and I strongly dislike it. Imagine being in a room full of chain smokers 24/7, complete and utter misery. My doctors have no explanation and an MRI of my brain ruled out any kind of tumor. I feel left alone to either come to terms with it or find my own cure. After reading that some people with similar issues have had success ridding themselves of the constant smell of cigarettes by taking a combination of garlic and St John's wort, I tried that and was at least able to being the phantom smell down to a tolerable level.
But my sense of smell remains at about 5-10% of what it used to be. I have started using therapeutic grade essential oils for other issues like headaches and insomnia. I know they work. I am so excited to give this a try. Living without smell is challenging. Since I have become accustomed to the constant smoke smell in my nose, I cannot detect actual smoke. Same goes for any spoiled food, the smell of natural gas... I never realized how many memories are tied to smells. Life feels so much emptier. Ah, and I forgot to mention that it also affects the sense of taste. My taste is currently limited to sweet, sour, salty and bitter. Most of the time I have a bitter taste in my mouth. I am going to get started on this regimen right away and hope to be able to report back with good news!
Hey there Karen - Thank you so much for sharing this. I really hope this helps you. I have had so many reactions to this post from all corners of the globe, and I feel a little privileged if this post can in some way help some people. I wish you the very best of luck with this!
At this point, anything is worth a try to get my sense of smell back. In 1999, I had a bad accident with a horse that left me with a fractured skull, bruising, bleeding & a blood clot on the brain. I was in a coma for 7 days. When I woke from the coma, I didn't notice right away that I could no longer smell. I realized it a few weeKS later. It's been 17 years now with absolutely no sense of smell.I'm going to try the essential oils to see if I can get my sense of smell back.
Oh Sharon what a terrible thing to have happen! I really hope this is of some help to you. I'd love to hear back on how it works out - both positive or negative.
I would like to encourage those who have posted here with some resources. I am an acquired anosmic/parosmic and have been for about a year and a half now. My quest to regain my senses of smell and taste have taken me down the road of smell training which I have just begun. There are a plethora of essential oils available for smell training which I would encourage any of you to try. I am encouraged about the possibilities! There are also a couple of Facebook groups that offer support for the very real struggles with these conditions. They are closed so you would need to be added; Anosmics of the World, Unite! and Living Well With Anosmia. Very encouraging places! Blessings to all as you struggle. I hope to see you in one or both of the groups. Thank you for posting on this Lise!
Hey there Unkown- thanks for this great input! I didn't know there were groups where people could find support. Wonderful effort!
Hi,I was born without a sense of smell, as was my father and one of my sons. It's 100% genetic. I was told the oils still have an impact on the olfactory system. What information might you have on a genetic condition that is irreversible? Can the oils still have a benefit if inhaled?
Hi Annie - I sure wish I had an answer for you but I am not an expert in this particular field and hardly even know where to recommend you to ask other than checking for Facebook groups for people with this condition. If you read the comment just above yours there are a couple of hopefully useful suggestions. I wish you the best of luck.
Friends, as mentioned, I am using essential oils as a part of smell training to hopefully regain some olfactory function. I can say that I have had a slight measure of success in being able to distinguish amongst the oils I started with although they do not smell as they did pre-anosmia. I am just learning about the essential oil role so I don't have any information to share to benefit congenital anosmics. I am an acquired anosmic and have parosmia as well. I can share that even as an anosmic, essential oils have benefited me. The jury is still out on the aromatherapy part but as you know, you can diffuse them and apply them topically as well. I am experiencing health and healing with them even though I cannot smell them in the traditional sense. I'm not going to let that stop me from fully taking advantage of the health benefits offered through these oils! I encourage you to join the Facebook groups referenced as there are a TON of people out there who share your experiences and will be of great encouragement!! I hope this helps. You are not alone in your struggles to cope with our conditions! God bless.
Dear Lise, I am glad to have found your blog and grateful that you have shared this information. ANd now I am compelled to share my story: I started to lose my sense of smell about a 14 years ago, until it was completely gone about 9 years ago. According to my ENT, after several tests, the cause was damage to the nerve endings in my nose which send the message to the brain of a scent. This damage, he diagnosed, was caused by chronic sinus infections. I am, as the others, hopeful that the essential oils will be help. I will keep you posted of whatever the outcome.
Hi Lillian - Thank you so much for sharing this. I hope you will be returning with positive news!
I have no sense of smell have lost all hope which interferes with my life I have to listen to my body when I get hungry went to an oncologist no answer Doctor told me no cure now I feel it's endangering my health what to do.
I am so excited! I lost my sense of smell in the early 1980's while in the Air Force. Doctors can find no physiological reason for the loss. Said it was probably "chemical". No idea what caused it. So, I have been living with no sense of smell and the resulting loss of taste. All I have is a sense of sweet, salty, bitter, sour. I would be beyond ecstatic to regain this sense. I miss the smell of fresh cut grass, thanksgiving dinner cooking, all the memories smells and so much more. I have a smoke detector in every room. Am going to give the essential oils a try and see what happens. EXCITED!!!!!
hello, my name is Haryogi, MD. I am resident in ENT department from Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
1. is there any special store that i can buy the odorant of essential oils for my thesis?
2. is there any specific percentage of odorant / essential oils, i mean for example 70% or 95% or something specific numbers of the essential oils that can be used for professor Hummel method olfactory / smell training?
3. if don’t, is the essential oils that maybe i can found in bodyshop/perfume shop can be used for this smell / olfactory traning?
Be sure you are using pure essential oils - NOT a dilution and NOT a perfume. Best of luck with it.
hello Lise, thank you for your reply!
well, now I know that I have to find essential oils, and NOT the DILUTED essential oils, thank's for your advice!
there's one more thing that bother in my mind,, where can I find the Sniffin' Stick Test?
Hi Yogie. You have a couple of possibilities here. You could obtain empty INHALER casings and make your own. Please check this blog for a how to on making inhalers if you are in doubt about what i mean. Aletrnatively, if you are looking for the kind of scent-papers usually used to test perfumes, I am guessing a supplier of perfumery items or soap making would be possibilities.
I lost my smell after a bout of flu. It did come back, quite a bit, but then faded away again. It would be nice to know if anyone found trying these essential oils was successful to some degree?
Hi Ann, I encourage you to check some of the comments above. There is a special group on Facebook about this.
Hi MtnLioness - If you check the comments post, you'll find a mention of a Facebook group. I believe you might find more answers there.
Just want to point out that your claim of not being able to taste with anosmia is false. I developed anosmia after a bad concussion when I was 19 (I could smell and taste perfectly my entire life leading up to that). I can still taste just fine; the taste is just a bit dulled from what it was before. Your sense of smell only enhances your sense of taste. It doesn't completely define it.
I lost my sense of smell in early January after a bout of sinusitis and a bronchial infection. It is driving me crazy. I started doing the therapy you described in your blog today and hope to have good luck with it.
Hi Karen. Thanks for sharing. I feel like I just read about myself. I have 24/7 gross green discharge. Ill try limiting sugars. Have u tried the essential oils? Did it work?
I have had the same experience. Fractured skull and loss of smell due to a horse back riding injury. Did this help you at all?
Hi Anon - thanks for sharing this. I encourage you to check the comments for the name of a Facebook group where you can interact with orhers on this issue. I wish you the best of luck.
After a very bad cold, sinus infection and bronchitis I lost my sense of smell/taste. It has been 7 weeks now and I am starting an essential oil therapy regimen to try and regain my senses. I am 59 years old and am hoping and praying This therapy will work. I consulted with a specialist at Johns Hopkins and he recommended trying the essential oil therapy. I have had chronic sinusitis and allergies for many years, but I have never experienced anything like this. I will keep posting updates. The doctor started me on steroids for severe sinus inflammation and I have started using a few oils. My question is: how long do I sniff each of the oils, and how often? I also have sleep apnea and was wondering if it would be safe/effective to add a couple of oil drops to the CPAP humidifier reservoir. Has anyone asked about this? Thank you for having this blog. I am very encouraged by the posts and have faith that my senses will eventually be restored.
Thanks you for sharing your story. I do hope you find help with this. If you scroll up and check the comments in this thread, you should find answers to your questions. You may also wish to join three Facebook group that is mentioned in one of the comments so you can share your experiences with others in the same situation. I hope this therapy works for you.
Hey not sure if this will work for me I had a mva almost a year ago. Severe brain trauma. One of the lasting effects was loss of smell and altered taste. I'm a nurse I rely greatly on my sense of smell to do my job well. I like to travel trying new foods in other countries has been scary because I can't tell if there's something wrong. Sometimes I mouth hates the food but idk y. Sometimes the "smell" around me changes but idk if it's good or bad (did i remember deodorant? Did my patent use the bathroom? Did my clothes sit in the washer too long? Ect) it's awkward to ask others what's that smell? Do I smell weird? I can taste n smell alcohol but it all comes off as running alcohol. Processed sweets taste like ..... choc protein powder. The sweeter the food the stronger the taste. I have a hard time explaining to people what I experience and some don't believe me when I do. I never considered that it might have been from the surgeries I had after the accident. I don't remember exactly when I loss those senses so it's possible. I am going to try this I hope it works.
Mine is driving me crazy. The only smell that I experience is that things smell and taste like rancid grease. Most food doesn't even taste good but you have to eat.
@Megan - Oh gosh that sounds like a real pain and a half! I sure hope you get some positive results with the essential oils!
@Linda K - It sounds like enjoying a meal is a real challenge for you. I am so sorry to hear this and hope you are able to find some relief!
I've just come across this story and read your comment on here about having no smell. Im 45 next week and dont ever being able to smell. I'm curious to know if you did try the method of oils in the above story and if you had any success? I look forward to hearing how you went with it.
Hello, I came across your blog after seeing it mentioned by Rachel Whittaker and love the articles here. I couldn't resist looking at this one as I am a clinical aromatherapist and perfumer, and I was a nurse before I found this amazing work.
I experienced a three month anosmia after a particularly nasty bout of flu last year - and as my work requires a sense of smell it was an absolute nightmare! I was horribly upset when I first realised but then fascination kicked in, because it gave me a different perspective on the world. I hadn't realised how acute my sense of smell had always been, because it was normal for me. Without it, the world seemed very one-dimensional, as I have always linked emotions and my other senses with smell. For example, a turquoise sea lapping at a sandy beach on a sunny day smells very different than a silvery UK sea lapping on a pebbled beach on an overcast day - even allowing for the fact that different temperatures make the air smell different.
There is so much I want to say in response to a lot of the comments - but I must preface that I haven't yet looked up the test you refer to.
The main thing is, I absolutely disagree with the idea that you should sniff these (or any) oils directly from the bottle - particularly close up. Whilst I understand the reason for these particular choices of oil, strength! of course, but also familiarity, that same strength makes them "dangerous". I am not surprised that at least one person developed skin lesions. Smelling strips are better, but should be wafted at least a couple of inches away from the nose. Nose bleeds are also a potential issue of unregulated deep inhalations of such strong oils.
That said, I don't believe essential oils are dangerous when used correctly - I just get upset when I see them being used incorrectly as this ultimately has the effect of discrediting essential oils when things go wrong! Essential oils have so much inherent "magic" and so much potential for good. I'm going to stop talking and go investigate this "treatment" in more depth now. Maybe there will be a suitable space for me to discuss more suitable oils, that could potentially heal whatever damage has gone on, much faster!!!
Thank you for bringing this "treatment regime" to my attention. I do love being fired up!
Hello Karen - Thank you for your feedback! It's always a pleasure to get an in depth comment like yours. I understand your reaction to sniffing directly from the essential oil bottle - I was a little surprised about this myself. You have to keep in mind this was anectdotal, so it is entirely possible the recommended method for this treatment is actually different. Researching this has been on my to do list for a while. You may find more input in the Facebook group mentioned in one of the comments above - I'm sure there are others who have tried this method and they may have been given different instructions from their doctors.
Lost my sense of smell back in the mid 1980's for some reason...I am trying these four oils suggested to see what it may do for my anosmia...ever knew there was a name for it...consequently I cannot taste herbs and essential oils. Worked with chain smokers in 1984 until smoking was no longer allowed in the workplaces...smoke hung in the middle of the room..no ventilation to speak of either. I believe that contributed to my loss of smell because I could smell just fine up until I started working at that job which I kept until I retired this year...33 years.
Thanks for all the posts and comments.
I lost my sense of smell when I hit puberty in the 1970's...also had chronic colds at that time as well. I can taste with no problem and I only got my smeller back once when I was put on strong course of steroids, but when the course was completed, my smeller left again. I also was told my tight nasal passage was due to allergies, yet several tests have confirmed I am not allergic to anything. It's been over 40 years without smeller. Have nearly burned the house down leaving things on the stove and thank goodness for fire alarms! Never had a problem changing a smelly diaper, but have never smelled the scent of a baby, or my own children. I remember what things smell like from when I was a kid, but haven't smelled in such a long long time. Just discovered the essential oils and will update when I have given it some time to work. I am hopeful!
Hey there Bingo Crickets - thanks for sharing your story. That sure is a long time to suffer from a condition and not know the cause! I sure hope this method is of use to you.
About 10 years ago, I had a severe migraine that lasted three days. It was my first and only migraine. I've had headaches, but nothing like that s. For two weeks after the migraine subsided, it felt like I had been hit in the lower back of my head with a 2x4. After that pain subsided, I realized I couldn't smell ... absolutely nothing! Then my sense of taste started getting a little wonky. I've tried different "detox" remedies and solutions, but ultimately was told to just get used to it.
I will definitely give this a try. I am a skeptic though. I also tried some oils for motion sickness, didn't seem to work on me and the smell bothered everyone else but me because I couldn't smell it.
Hi Karen - Thank you for sharing this amazing and unusual atory. I can't help wondering what reason your doctor gave for this, because I don't believe I've hrard anything like this. You might find some support in the Facebook group mentioned in one of the comments above. I wish you the best of luck with this method and hope it helps.
My ENT said my nerve endings, the ones that control the sense of smell and taste, are dead from having so many severe sinus infections. I have had no taste or smell for nearly 3 years. Would essential oils restore anosmia of this sort? Thanks!
Hi Kimberly - I sure wish I could tell you yes, but I just don't know. The lady I wrote about in this post didn't give me more information than I have reported here. My only suggestion would be to try it for a period of time and see if there is a difference. I wish you the very best and truly hope it helps you!
Hi, I lost my sense of smell in April 17. I have had an MRI to which nothing was found to be causing any problems. However this left me without any answers and very frustrated . After trying to complete a smell training booklet given to me by my ent consultant, I got 15/40 and he told me it was highly unlikely my smell would ever return. Use my other senses he said coldly!! I came out of this appointment devastated. I joined 5th sense and decided to try the smell training I had read about. I am regaining some sense of smell and can always tell which scent I am smelling now from the essential oils, I have since bought 5 more to try and these are also easy now for me to tell the difference between :-) However I still can't smell bacon cooking or my daughters dirty nappy or my freshly laundered washing but I am hopeful as in April I could smell absolutely nothing at all.
Hello Sarah - Thank you SO much for sharing this. Your story gives everyone who suffers with this condition hope. I am hoping you will indeed be able to smell your fresh laundry and all the other scents again.
Hello. On Black Friday 2016, I came down with the most godawful head cold I ever had. It finally let go the day after Christmas. For 31 days, I constantly blew my nose. When through four rolls of TP. And, when I could breathe through my nose again, I had no sense of smell. I didn't notice it at first. I think cleaning the cat box was where I first noticed it (the only true benefit of not having a sense of smell). Over the past nine months, occasionally, a smell would come through. I use Citrus Magic (which is orange essential oil) and one day I smelled something, but it wasn't orange. Tonight, I was filling my son's diffuser and I could smell clove that had dripped on a finger and it suddenly hit me that since essential oils works with the olfactory system, maybe it could rejuvenate my sense of smell. I had lavender at hand and I smelled something, thought not the full fragrance, so I'm going to start your regimen and continue researching. I've had training in aromatherapy and have always had good results using them.
Hello Anon - Thanks for sharing your story. How good that you are finding a method that is working for you. I hope your sense of smell returns in full (even at the risk of experiencing stinky cat litter boxes in full).
Hi, I'm 17 years old. I don't think I have full-on anosmia, but I have grown up not being able to tell apart most smells and even tastes. I know the taste of most foods, and can definitely smell peppermint, but that's the only scent I might be able to determine for sure. Sometimes when I compare radically different smells, I sense a difference between them but cannot determine either of them. When it comes to certain spices in food, I usually can't name any by taste or smell. I just know sweet, salty, spicy etc., but can't specifically say sesame, cayenne, oregano, cinnamon etc. My family and friends have wondered about it, but I've never really thought about it much until recently. I have been in situations when something was burning in the oven but I couldn't smell the smoke, which makes me worry for when I live independently and don't have anyone to alert me of my house burning!
I never knew there was a word for having no sense of smell and it's really great to have a place to talk about this! I like essential oils, mostly because people hold them in such high regard honestly. I recently learned how magically medicinal they can be and want to try this experiment to see if I can learn the difference between smells!
Do you know whether anyone has had success using the four oils mentioned?
I just happen to go over to my desk and I had to essential oil packets sitting on it . They've been there for a long time. One was peppermint and one was lemon . I was drawn to the lemon so I opened it and just gently started to smell the essential oil. And was very calming and I could smell it. I've lost my sense of smell about 4 years ago. I think when I hit my head on a cabinet in my kitchen. I can smell some things. The strangest thing for me is that sometimes I'm only smelling some part of a smell. Like I'm getting something different from a full smell. I can't really explain it. I can smell Foods and some things I have to put right up to my nose in order to smell. I do have a deviated septum. I'm wondering if that's my problem because I can smell some things and not others. It's disturbing for me because I'm a little bit worried how about maybe food that's bad or the gas from my stove is on and I vant smell that. Could be dangerous if I can't smell these things. I'm going to look up that Facebook page. I'm very thankful for this mystery of posts over the last few years. Finding it fascinating. And it even has a name, I did not know that! soo. thank you. Im looking forward to cure! To think I just walked over to my desk, open the packet of lemon essential oil that I have had for 6 months... And it led me to Google essential oils and loss of sense of smell. It also led me to you and all of these helpful posts.
Hey there Anon - thanks for sharing this!This is very interesting to hear that you have partial sense of smell. I really hope this method is of help to you and wish you the best!
I just read your Post on the use of essential oil’s in restoring the sense of smell. I’ve worked in the wine industry for about 10 years. About two years ago I lost my sense of smell. This affected my sense of taste as well. I managed and operated wine bars in airports. This was very discouraging since smell was the largest part of my job.
I recently joined Young living and begin using essential oil’s. I happened on to your blog today and have decided to try this method of smelling the different oils and try and restore my sense of smell.
Right now, I cannot till one from the other. The only one that I can smell is peppermint. I actually had to resign from my position with the wine bar because I was so discouraged having lost my sense of smell and taste.
We will see how it goes. Thank you for posting this.
There have been over 12 peer-reviewed research papers to date that suggest smell training is of benefit to patients with post-viral smell loss. Some research suggests that brain injury patients are also helped. The main criteria is that you must have some minimal function of the olfactory nerve. This might mean you experience "white noise" type smells that do not really give you information about what you are smelling. The olfactory nerve does indeed regenerate, but slowly. Recovery is activity dependent. To help the nerve regrow, you must stimulate it. How do you stimulate the olfactory nerve? Through smell training. Is smell training a "cure"? No. But it is a helpful therapy, like physio for people who have had a stroke. Smell training is brain training.
For other types of smell dysfunction, such as polyps, chronic rhinosinusitis and of course idiopathic anosmia, the picture is less clear. More research is being done. The role of smell training in patients with Alzheimers and Parkinsons, which is ongoing, will be of particular interest.
The original essential oils described by Professor Hummel, of the University of Dresden in his 2009 paper on the subject (the first mention of smell training in the scientific literature) were lemon, rose, clove and eucalyptus. The important point is that the usefulness of the essential oils comes from their role as a stimulant for the nose, rather than any benefits that might be assigned to them in an aromatherapy context.
Anyone wishing to have more information about smell training is encouraged to join the Facebook/groups/smelltraining page. I also run an instagram page devoted to food issues: #smelltraining.
Hello Chris - Thank you for your comment and information. I am sure it will be helpful for the many visitors to this post. I wish you a very happy 2018.
Hi, I have had total anosmia since 2011. The doctors are stumped as to the cause, other than perhaps stemming from a virus. I also have multi-system sarcoidosis (diagnosed in 2015 after many years of various symptoms) and have asked them if they feel the sarcoid could be affecting the cranial nerve responsible for smell. Again, the doctors cannot give me a definite answer.
When I first was diagnosed, I saw went to the University of Pennsylvania Taste and Smell Center. The specialist there had suggested use of alpha lipoid acid for 6 months (which I used) and he also told me to sniff bottles of some of my favorite scents, 3 or 4 times a day, for 3 months. I used vanilla, lilac, and lemon, as he did not give me more explicit instructions. He also told me, at time of his diagnosis of total anosmia, that if I did not regain my smell after 1 year, that it would be a permanent condition.
This condition may seem minor to folks who do not have it, but it has been severely depressing for me at times. The sense of smell is truly vital to ones sense of well-being. I have withdrawn from social situations involving food, as I become upset listening to folks describing how delicious the food tastes, etc.
Today I did a search on whether essential oils can benefit a person who has anosmia, that is, who cannot smell the oils. And I found your page. I am truly interested in learning about smell training. I do not use instagram, but I am an avid Facebook user and I will join the group on smell training. Please advise, if you feel there are any other channels I can explore.
Hello Robbin and thank you for sharing your story. I think you will find help in the Facebook community you mentioned. If you check the comment posted just above from Chris Kelly, you will find additional links. I wish you all the best in your quest for recovering your sense of smell!
OMG! I am so relieved to know that there is a name for what I experience. My mom lost her sense of smell in her later decades and it appears that I have also (I'm 70 and have not been able to smell for about 10 years). She suffered from post-nasal drip all her life, and I, too, have had sinus issues pretty consistently since I was a young adult. The strange thing for me is that I often can smell chemical aromas, but not natural gas. Once my husband came rushing into the kitchen to turn of a burner that hadn't lit - I was completely unaware! I will definitely join the Facebook group, and work with essential oils (we've been doing Young Living for 15 years, but it never occurred to me to try them for this ailment). I feel hopeful now!
Thanks to all for their very helpful posts.
Hello Carolee and thank you for sharing. I hope you find support and help in the groups mentioned in the comments here.
HI MJ - Oh dear that sounds like a real annoying situation! I don't believe I have heard anyone mention this before. I wish I knew what to tell you, except maybe to give it a try and see? I hope it help!
HI Linda - I hope you will find some help in this method. Thank you for posting encouraging words to others.
I am almost 60 years old and haven't had a sense of smell since I was 18. Over the years I have had 12 operations for nasal polyps approximately every 3-4 years. My consultant said it would take a miracle for my sense of smell/taste to ever come back. In 2014 I was diagnosed with MS and after reading as much as possible about the condition I decided to give up Gluten. Within 4 days I had a sense of smell, it wasn't perfect but I could smell !! I then decided to give up Dairy and the effect was even more impressive. I could smell properly for a couple of months,( my life was complete) before it started to fade again. My food was much more enjoyable, especially the delicate things like strawberries. I had allergy tests and was told I was allergic to Gluten, Dairy & Soy. My last nasal polyp operation was in Feb 11, the longest I have ever lasted. Apparently the worst things for nasal problems are Dairy and Gluten, just wish I had been told this when I was 18. Since having MS I have tried using essential oils, which is very difficult when you cannot smell, but after using Frankincense I started to feel it coming back again. I have recently tried other oils, mainly to help me sleep and for cramps in my legs. I haven't used Frankincense for a few months and my smell has gone again. Am I imagining that Frankincense may help a sense of smell ?
Hello Wendymac and thank you for sharing your story. I wonder if you have read some of the comments from others as there are links to some support groups for others who have the same condition. It sounds wonderful that you may be on track to getting your sense of smell back. I wish you the very best.
Hello! I am like the others and have anosmia due to bad polyps and sinus issues. Had sinus surgery last week for the third time and my ENT told me to pray for my smell to come back. I figure that is a sad story when that's all she's got! But she did recommend the "smell retraining" with the essential oils. So I started today. We shall see. She said that if your smell is gone for more than a year, there isn't a lot of hope to get it back. I will cross my fingers! I have read about zinc and Vitamin D deficiencies as being culprits as well. I am not one to back down from a fight, so I will find the answer! Thanks for this blog post.
Hello Carole and thank you for sharing! I am crossing fingers this method works for you.
Hey there Anon - try checking some of the previous comments for support groups. Best of luck!
My son is suffering from anosmia after a Traumatic Brain Injury from a fall. He, his wife and I used to love trying new restaurants, new foods, new recipes but since the injury he has little interest in food, eating only to heal. This has significantly impact all of our quality of life. My daughter in law due to her love and devotion to my son researched anosmia and discovered studies demonstrating success in restoring smell through consistent exposure to essential oils in some individuals. He plans to try it believing it can’t hurt especially since there are currently no other options. This gives us hope.
He has other issues of course he is working on, but the sense of smell can give such pleasure.
I was sent your post about loss of smell due to surgery. I lost mine several years ago after some surgeries and nothing has seemed to help me regain it. I am now in the process of using the 4 oils you listed but don’t feel I am improving any and trying not to get discouraged. Did you ever smell anything after you lost the sense of smell? Occasionally, but not often, I notice a fleeting smell and it’s wonderful, even if it’s a bad smell 🙂 I get excited, but it’s gone as quickly as it came. Any additional information about the process would be appreciated, and I’m so glad for you that you have regained your sense of smell!!
Hey there Anon - thanks for your comment. I am afraid there is a bit of a misunderstanding here. This post is not about my personal experience with this method, but a woman I met who said it helped her. You might find some help from one of the support groups linked in the post. I wish you the best of luck and hope you have success with this method.
I find this very interesting since I have never been able to smell anything my entire life.
HI Unknown - thanks for sharing this. I cannot even imagine not having a sense of smell.
I actually suffer from anemia. I have had it as long as I can remember. I can taste perfectly fine but cannot smell ANYTHING except for nail polish remover and rubbing alcohol. However, I have been using essential oils for the past year or so (not every day) and I PROMISE YOU I smelled my deodorant earlier today. After reading your article, I will invest in bottles of essential oils and begin smell training.
Hi there Anon - Thanks for sharing! Wishing you the best of luck !
oil information and sources. There are several USA providors. I believe you can replace the rose essential oil with rose geranium as this will be more pocketbook friendly. I truly hope this method is of help to your mom. If I could promise you this method will work, I would, but I am unfortunately unable to do that. If you read the comments here you will get an idea of the different kinds of responses people have had as well as the names of some support groups on Facebook.
Hi Danny. I am the person who runs the website you mentioned in the UK. I am also an anosmia sufferer myself, and I know how terrible life can be without taste or smell. I have some answers for you. About smell training kits and oils: you can easily make your own kit and you can find instructions on how to smell train and make kits here: abscent.org/learn-us/smell-training.
The original scientific research on smell training used rose, lemon, clove and eucalyptus. They weren’t chosen for any particular properties of those oils, but because when used in smell training, they *stimulated* the smell response. You could use any oils you like. People generally want to use what was recommended in the many studies that have been done since then, but don’t be afraid to make substitutions. The instructions on how to make a kit (above link) make an important point about smell training with jars rather than straight from the bottles, especially if the person is new to smell training.
I have amnosia due to a virus (or the drugs they gave me). 2 years later, I still haven't gotten mine completely back. I have certain very strong smells that I can smell clearly (bleach and smoke) but only for a whiff. Certain other things trigger a scent to me but it isn't usually pleasant or identifiable. I have tried using smell training and it hasn't helped yet. I will read the above blog and see if that helps.
I know how your mom feels Danny. It really is no fun. | 2019-04-18T19:32:26Z | https://www.lisaliseblog.com/2015/07/how-essential-oils-may-be-answer-to.html |
Music sales across the globe totaled $15 billion in 2014 alone, according to IFPI, with the majority of money split evenly between digital and physical copy sales. Music is a hugely diverse industry, with position for skilled musicians spanning areas ranging from producing and mixing to performance and orchestration. Whether your aspiration is to lead a world-class symphony, land a gig on the road or compose film scores, the following guide can help. Information about the variety of degrees is included, as well as an in-depth discussion on popular careers in the field.
Completing a music degree opens up a wide world of possibilities for graduates because music plays such an integral role in society. Whether focusing their efforts in composition, performance, teaching or theory, graduates find jobs in symphonies as orchestra members, at schools as teachers, on the road as touring musicians, in studios as session musicians or working with film directors to compose scores for movies and documentaries. They may use their talents to produce music or teach others how to play instruments, and each day promises the opportunity to use artistic and creative skills to produce a beautiful work of art.
Considered a language that bridges communication gaps, music is a global connector of people. While an individual may not understand the words being sung in a song, the orchestration and arrangement of music still has the ability to stir emotions and break down barriers. This form of art is appealing to students of varied backgrounds and personalities as it allows for both individual and collaborative work. Musicians who create better alone can do so in a solo career, while those who enjoy jamming, writing music or performing with others can also find their niche.
Whether parents or guardians elect to bring children to toddler music groups, start them in private lessons at kindergarten or encourage them to join a school band in elementary school, all of these are prime times to begin music lessons. In the same way that children more easily learn a second language, picking up an instrument while young provides for easier access to proficiency. Years of practicing and lessons may have felt like a chore at the time, but they serve students well in their future endeavors.
Ever heard of the 10,000-hour rule? This theory popularized by Malcolm Gladwell states that it takes 10,000 hours to truly master a talent, and music falls into his framework. Anyone who has ever devoted themselves to an instrument knows that, despite passion for the music, there are days when the last thing you want to do is practice. Running scales isn’t as glamorous as playing in front of a crowd, but the musicians standing on stages and playing for adoring fans are the ones who pushed through seasons of monotony and continued perfecting their art. Stick with it.
Like many other disciplines considered an art form, degree requirements are less stringent than those found in areas like business and law. Even if a degree isn’t required, there are components of music composition and performance that may not be learned simply through practice and lessons. Understanding theories behind how music is formed and made serves as a foundation for creating new music, while taking part in college ensembles and performances gives students skills they’ll need for future gigs.
The majority of different professional paths in music are unconventional in their advertising and hiring techniques, and many positions are filled through word of mouth or contacts within the industry. While teaching positions tend to be more formalized, road gigs, session calls, and film scoring roles are highly competitive and most producers and directors use their networks to find suitable musicians. Whether offering private lessons, playing local shows, regularly updating music pages, or attending concerts, staying in front of industry professionals who call the shots is a crucial component to finding success as a musician.
What Music School Programs and Degrees Are Available?
I took music lessons for a few years when I was younger, but haven’t picked up my instrument in years. While a four-year degree is too intensive, I would like to relearn to play and learn more about the theory behind how music is made.
Having taken years of lessons and played in the high school band, I know that music is my passion. The next step is to continuing practicing and bettering myself, but to also examine music at a collegiate level. I’m excited to join ensembles and dig into music history.
I’ve been playing my whole life and my professional career has revolved around music, but I’m ready to commit myself to further education in hopes of gaining a leadership role in music, perhaps as an orchestral conductor or lead film scorer.
I’ve enjoyed the sometimes unpredictable life that comes with music – particularly my time on the road – but I’m also ready to find a more stable position, and teaching is the path I want to follow.
Degrees in music range from two-year associate programs offered by countless community colleges to PhD programs at some of the most prestigious institutions in the world. Use the following descriptions to identify the type of program that best suits future interests and goals.
An associate degree in music provides students with the foundational knowledge and skills they’ll need to further develop their performance or composing skills without requiring four years of study. Most associate programs are tightly focused on courses related to music, while undergraduate degrees also include studies in the liberal arts or sciences.
This introductory class exposes students to the basics of reading sheet music, including common notations, important terminology, signatures of key and time, scales, meter, rhythm, triads and intervals.
Students learn how to be active listeners in this first-year course and are asked to consider music as both an art and a science. Music from across the world will be studied and dissected throughout the term.
Students are exposed to the basic rules of music composition, including common techniques for creating original sounds. Some of the areas covered include songwriting, formal vs. informal structures, score development, and the use of melodies and harmonies.
Music is a popular choice at the undergraduate level as it provides the educational foundations that some employers may be seeking while also exposing students professional study in the art of music. Although students at this level have likely been practicing their instrument for a number of years by the time they reach college, these programs help them develop skills in areas of group performance, individual playing, theory, ear training and composition.
Typically required for more than one semester, harmony classes introduce students to harmonic theories and principles throughout different styles of music. Students will be expected to display an understanding of the similarities and differences in harmonic development in areas of jazz, popular music, and classical compositions.
Although most musicians plan to compose, play, or record music, it never hurts to understand the business side of the industry. This course introduces students to the inner workings of the music industry and acquaints them with various professionals they’ll work with throughout their careers.
This course requires students to explore many different styles of music with the end goal of developing aural and analytical skills. Coursework requirements typically includes the composition of a short piece of work demonstrating their understanding of style choices.
Students are introduced to the art of conducting in this foundational course. Throughout the semester, learners examine popular conductors throughout time while learning proper baton technique, hand movements, and orchestration.
Taken every semester of a master’s program, private lessons in the student’s primary instrument encouraged continued learning and refinement through advanced studies in composition, performance and conducting.
The vast majority of students electing to study music at this level intend to work in a teaching or research position upon graduation, and curriculums are designed to move them closer to that goal. A mix of class lectures, laboratory meetings, private lessons, and group performances are underpinned by advanced study of the theories and frameworks that inform the discipline.
This course includes both classroom meetings and laboratory time in an attempt to expose students to the deepest study of composition. Students must be reviewed by a jury after this course to ensure their work is on track.
Students are exposed to the many different topics in music that have been theorized over time, ranging from timbre and rhythm to psychoacoustics and notation.
This course in ethnomusicology the study of music within a cultural context, exposes students to the anthropological aspects of the discipline. Coursework includes reviewing the work of foundational ethnomusicologists who popularized the field while also asking students to think about music differently.
Awareness of the founding members of this branch of musical study.
Although sometimes glamorous and always exciting, being a musician isn’t the only career option in the field of music. Individuals can find themselves doing almost anything from headlining a major tour to teaching kids. The following positions are some of the most common in music that provide individuals with an opportunity to pursue a passion, while also showcasing their talents, creativity, and skills.
A&R reps typically work for record labels. In addition to managing and developing current talent, A&Rs also find new artists to work with and sign to the label. This process includes scouting out talent, reviewing demos, negotiating contracts, and helping artists make career decisions once they’ve signed on with the label.
A postsecondary degree in music, merchandising, business, communications, or marketing is typically required.
Music therapists utilize music as a form of treatment to help patients with psychological, developmental or emotional issues. They may work with the patient to compose songs, or play music while the patient engages in other therapeutic activities. Due to the universal nature of music, this type of therapy is often used with patients that have trouble communicating in a conventional way, such as young children or those with learning disabilities.
Bachelor’s or master’s degree in music therapy. Students can also opt for the graduate equivalency program, which lasts approximately two years.
That catchy earworm from a commercial you heard the other day? A music composer is responsible for creating that tune. Music composers write or compose music for any number of needs, including movies, television shows, commercials, video games, orchestral concerts, and musical theater performances. They also frequently write song lyrics, play instruments, give music lessons and assist other musicians and artists to create or record music.
Formal higher education is not required; however, a bachelor’s degree in music theory or music composition can enhance a resume.
The title ‘instrumentalist’ is an all-encompassing term for a musician who plays one or more musical instruments. Where they play is practically limitless, and instrumentalists can be found in orchestras, bands, or as solo artists. They may also be primarily a touring artist and perform across the country and throughout they world, or they may be located in a primary location, such as a major city’s symphony. Job tasks may also include teaching others how to play via music lessons.
Those who want to play in a formal orchestra or other extremely competitive group benefit from a bachelor’s or master’s degree in a music-related field.
High school music teachers work with students to either begin learning an instrument or advance their existing knowledge from previous classes. Areas of teaching vary but can include music appreciation, band (jazz, concert or marching), music theory, chorus, music composition, digital music, or a specific instrument such as guitar or piano. In addition to music instruction, these professionals may also teach another subject, such as drama or public speaking.
All states require public high school teachers, including music teachers, to have at least a bachelor’s degree, preferably in an area related to the subject they teach. A master’s degree may be required in some states.
Think about your favorite articles in Rolling Stone or Billboard and you’ll get a good sense of what a career in music journalism entails. Whether reporting on music-related news or producing longer form editorials, the life of a music journalist is varied and interesting. Pieces cover a range of topics, including forthcoming albums, tour reviews, interviews, or news within the industry. In order to stay up-to-date with what’s going on in the industry, music journalists attend social events such as release parties and concerts, and rub elbows with notable individuals in the process.
No formal education is required; however, a degree in English, communications, journalism, or history can be helpful.
An extremely popular, prestigious and coveted position, record producers work with their artists to pick the best songs, find the right studio for recording, and identify top musical support to create the album or record. This support team includes a music arranger, sound engineer and background singers or instrumentalists to contribute to the overall sound. Even after the recording is done, the record producer oversees the sound editing and makes decisions as to how the final product will be marketed.
A graduate degree in music or a music-related field is recommended.
A music librarian organizes and oversees a wide collection of different types and forms of music, including both recorded and sheet. In addition to filing, cataloguing and archiving musical media, the librarian may also be asked to help choose certain types of music used in media to ensure it means requisite broadcasting standards and levels of sound quality.
A bachelor’s degree in library science or a music-related field is generally needed, followed by a master’s degree in library science.
Also known as a maestro, conductors direct musical groups for the presentation and playing of a musical piece. At a minimum, a conductor will use hand and other gestures to control a group of instrumentalists or vocalists and ensure everyone is playing in the correct tempo, rhythm and style. Most conductors also spend time before a performance reviewing and studying a piece to be played so s/he knows the best way to conduct it, from either a technical or interpretive point of view.
A bachelor’s or master’s degree in music theory, composition or other music-related field is necessary.
The world of music requires more than just talent. The following skills will be valuable to anyone who is seeking a career within the industry.
Many people enjoy writing, playing and listening to music, but that doesn’t mean they are exceptionally talented in it. A person needs to be very good at what they are doing to make a career out of it, especially in a competitive environment like the music industry.
Much of an individual’s success in music comes from being original and creating something unique. Because careers in music generally have no set path, creativity is key. The most successful people working in the industry know where they want to be and that getting there may entail unexpected changes or exploring routes never envisioned before.
A career in music is especially unique in that it relies heavily on knowing the right people. To be successful, musicians and music professionals must be ready to promote their own work and ask acquaintances or colleagues to put a good word for them.
It might take a while to get that big break or land a dream job in music, with some of the most successful music icons spending over a decade honing their craft before gaining fame. There will likely be many failures and rejections along with the way, in addition to working less exciting jobs to pay the bills. Reaching professional and musical goals takes time, so the majority of people who succeed in this arena do it for the pure love of music.
Even with knowing the right people and having amazing talent, hard work is still very important for jobs in music, especially for careers as instrumentalists, conductors or vocalists. Author Malcolm Gladwell espouses the idea of the 10,000 hour rule, stating that to truly become exceptional at something, a person needs to practice at least 10,000 hours. Putting that amount of time toward anything requires discipline, concentration, perseverance, and plenty of hard work.
Because music careers are so varied, it’s difficult to pinpoint the exact tools and technology required for success in the field. The tools or technology used is largely dependent on the particular job. For example, an instrumentalist’s primary tool will be the musical instrument he or she is proficient in playing. Even a music composer, while having a level of familiarity and proficiency with musical instruments, may work primarily with a sound synthesizer, musical instrument digital interface, and computers when composing or arranging music, instead of handling actual musical instruments.
Compensation for individuals working in music varies greatly. Factors include the type of role, location, and how successful an individual is in leveraging knowledge and creativity. The chart below lists median salaries for the top music professions.
Given the nature of the field, it is unsurprising that job growth in this arena can be wildly different, depending on the position. While choreographer roles are expected to grow by 24 percent between 2012 and 2022 due to the popularity of dancing in pop culture, directors, composers and musicians will see only a 5 percent growth during the same period. One of the reasons for this slow growth is that many of the employers for these types of jobs – operas, orchestras and musical groups – typically have limited amounts of funding.
The following states offer the highest projected growth for various music professions from 2012 to 2022.
Music isn’t the only career that provides an opportunity for freedom of expression or enjoyment of the arts. Below are several occupations related to music that might intrigue those who have musical talent and creativity, but may not want to work directly in music.
For those interested in a career related to music, understanding the requirements of education and training, as well as the expected salary and projected growth of the field, can help them choose which path to take. The following is a sampling of various music-related professions.
No formal training or education is required, although taking classes or obtaining a degree can improve artistic skills and professional potential.
Bachelor’s degree in fine arts, computer graphics or a related field.
Bachelor’s degree in film, broadcasting or a related field.
A PhD is required for teaching at colleges and universities, although a master’s degree may suffice at some community colleges.
No formal degree is required, but a bachelor’s degree in broadcasting or a related field is strongly recommended.
Almost any bachelor’s degree is sufficient, as long as it is followed by a master’s degree in library science.
No formal degree is required, but any degree focused on drama, public speaking or English is recommended.
Bachelor’s degree in recreational therapy or a related field. Graduate level degrees are also available.
In addition to a variety of resources, the AFM also maintains and extensive portion of their website devoted to helping young musicians get their start.
ASCAP is comprised of more than half a million music professionals in the world, including composers, music publishers, and songwriters and helps ensure musicians receive royalties.
John Garden is a composer, mixer, and musician with decades of experience. His website includes a section devoted to sharing everything he knows about being a session musician, including how to find – and keep – work.
Nashville a.k.a Music City has long been a concentrated city for musicians, and the NMA connects musicians in the city with jobs.
Formed in 1862, MTNA has been the leading voice for music teachers in America for more than 150 years. Today the member-based organization provides collegiate chapters, student resources, and a variety of publications. | 2019-04-24T08:26:31Z | https://www.learnhowtobecome.org/arts-humanities-careers/music/ |
Is Glenn Beck Mentioned in the Dead Sea Scrolls?
Yes, Glenn Beck is mentioned in the Dead Sea Scrolls.
Beck assuredly is one of the Sons of Darkness mentioned in the War Scroll.
It's also true that -- as is the case in so many other issues that Mr. Beck speaks about on TV -- he is factually wrong and utterly confused about the history and contents of the Dead Sea Scrolls.
See Jim Davila's blog and Robert Cargill's blog for details.
Is the Jewish Theological Seminary Jewish?
We don't really like to say, "Is the Pope Catholic" when we want to make a point that something is plainly obvious. So we now can start to say instead, "Is the Jewish Theological Seminary Jewish?"
Up until now that was not so plainly obvious. For decades the institution sought to promote "scholarship" which was not always directly supportive of Judaism. Peculiar forms of lexicography and arbitrary theories about the origins of texts abounded in the learning there and the laity in the Conservative movement wondered about the relevance of it all to Jews and Judaism.
It was relevant of course in the manner of all scholarship that underpins authority in a religious society. But not much coming out of the Seminary bestowed any direct meaning on the life of the plain Jew.
We thought it self evident that our teaching there this year should provide and provoke creative theology. That's what we worked for in our course on liturgy. Students rose to the occasion with brilliant work. And our efforts have led us in a new and direction, now published as a paper and soon to be completed as a book. We think the results are directly relevant to all Jews who pray.
Now plans are in place that will change the overall direction of the Seminary. There is much work that needs to be done, a few people who can and wish to carry it out and a few who see and value that enterprise.
Jonathan Sarna is one of the few. He describes in an essay in the Forward with great precision and with personal reflection the potential value of the seismic shift that is underway now at JTS.
The Jewish Theological Seminary’s chancellor, Arnold Eisen, recently unveiled a bold new strategic plan aimed at transforming the school’s curriculum, redefining its purpose and setting forth its future direction. The plan called to mind a story that my late father used to tell about a modest change that he proposed to the JTS curriculum as a young professor there in the 1950s.
Michael Freund and Shavei Yisrael help bring Chinese Jews from Kaifeng to Israel.
Lately, Teaneck is getting to be a nastier place. The local election a few weeks back was beset by dirty tricks. A local Rabbi mouths off with sarcasm at just about every service, sometimes attacking Arabs who aren't there and sometimes just insulting his own membership.
But just when does nastiness become a crime? When a judge says that it does.
And we like Teaneck's Judge James Young. We think he is level headed. At first we thought he went too far in allowing this harassment accusation to go to trial. He should have sent the warring parties off to reach a settlement, we felt. But on further review we realize the context here. A man claims to have been subjected to several acts of aggression due to his expression of support for Palestinians by displaying bumper stickers on his car.
Let's put an end to this right here and now, the judge must have thought. Yes, let's hope that lessons are learned in Teaneck and that nastiness turned into bullying stops.
But then again, let's expect that it won't.
The Mondoweiss blog has the not-so-dramatic story of Trau v. Siegel, the crux of which we paste and link below, "Teaneck harassment trial involves pro-Palestinian bumper stickers," by Philip Weiss.
...Siegel believes in the right of Palestinian refugees to return to their homes. He decided to get his views out there in a very assertive way by putting four bumper stickers on his 13-year-old gray Honda Civic. His wife was OK with it. Two of the stickers said, "Free Palestine, End the Occupation." Another said, "Stop US Aid to Israel," and another said, "We refuse to be enemies. Christians Jews and Muslims working for peace and justice."
The bumper stickers got attention. A lot of people give Siegel the thumbs-up, or honk approvingly. But Teaneck/Fairlawn are a hotbed for Gush Emunim-land-of-Israel types, and many people get ticked off by the Honda and give him the finger. He's used to that. Some have vandalized his car.
On the afternoon of April 20, Siegel noticed a Toyota following him a little too close as he was headed home down River Road in Teaneck. The car followed Siegel after he turned on to one side street and then another, traveling into his neighborhood. Siegel says the driver followed him right up to his house and then pulled up alongside his parked car and gave him the finger. Then he drove to the end of the block and turned around and drove slowly past Siegel's house again.
Update: Trau apologized to Siegel and the matter was resolved outside of court as reported here.
We are of two minds regarding the Dalai Lama's op-ed about compassion in the world's religions in the Times. On the one hand, we have been working in a chapter of our new book on the premise that the birkat hamazon - the grace after eating - is the quintessential Jewish meditation of compassion, with certain caveats about the universality of that prayer.
On the other hand we were unimpressed by the superficiality of the Dalai Lama's description of the importance of shared compassion the faiths of the world.
Here is the Judaism reference from the Dalai Lama's essay, following upon his appearance this week at Radio City.
Not a very deep or profound insight, but well-meaning and he does mention the Holocaust.
M J Rosenberg on HuffPost got the Boteach PR release. As he says, "What a hoot."
Actually, the Rabbi does not want to hear from troubled celebrities to help them. He wants to be on the TV or the radio or in the newspaper to help himself.
As Lindsay Lohan's saga continues to unfold with the judge's issuance of an arrest warrant, I want to put Rabbi Shmuley Boteach, who served as spiritual advisor to the late Michael Jackson and as Oprah's relationship, marriage and parenting expert, on your radar as a possible on-air commentator.
Whoops. Never mind Lindsay, the rabbi will be busy speaking on TV.
Does the iPad Torah App Make Your Device Sacred?
Barry Schwartz at Rusty Brick Inc alerted us to his new and incredible iPad Torah App today. So now we have it on our iPad.
It is indeed a scrolling replica of an actual Torah scroll - a great asset for Torah readers who wish to practice on the go! A neat concept and nicely executed with a little "yad" pointer icon that you can activate and use while you read from your iPad Torah.
But on further analysis we started to ponder some Talmudic questions. Now that we have an actual Torah on our iPad, can we take it into, ahem, the lavatory? Does this app make our iPad into a holy book?
After due consideration, we have made our initial ruling on this matter. As long as you do not open the app in a place that is not dignified for sacred books, there is no problem. From the perspective of Jewish law, a closed app is nothing more than an cartoon icon. Yes, you heard it here first.
It's a matter of perspective. For most readers the hilarious Paul Rudnick parody in the New Yorker ("Hi From Heidi") of Heidi Montag (just who is she anyway?) was about her ten-plastic-surgeries-at-a-time mentality.
For us, due to our unrelenting interest in prayer, the whole joke was about how she prayed, not about how she spoke about her obsessive body sculpting.
As You probably know, because I guess You sort of know everything, I’m thinking about having a mini brow lift; lipo on my neck, waist, hips, and thighs; a chin reduction; an ear job; fat injections in my cheeks, nasolabial folds, and lips; a revision of my previous rhinoplasty; a redo of my earlier breast implants; Botox injections in my forehead and frown area; and a buttocks augmentation, if that is Thy will.
And what about that Jewish correction of the week in the same New Yorker issue? It is just a riot.
Last month the State of Israel banned the iPad for several weeks.
Now reports are circulating that the venerable New York Yankees have banned the device from the stadium.
Oy, we guess that means the pinstripes have hired Israelis to monitor the security at the Bronx field. Check back in three weeks.
A report from Yahoo Sports suggests that the Yankees have decided in all their infinite, historic wisdom that the iPad falls under its "No laptops" policy.
Spacekatgal, a poster on the IGN boards and who first caught Yahoo Sports' attention, said: "The security people told me it was not allowed and I was turned away at the gates. Why on earth would they have this policy? Terrorism concerns? I couldn't get an answer. I snuck it in under my jacket...I bring it to Fenway all the time and they don't care."
SkyGrid filters the information to find the things we think you’ll find exciting to discover and share with others. Common examples are world events, sports updates, entertainment news, and other things that people like to share. SkyGrid has over 25 different filters to make the streams you view high quality. Some of the things people using SkyGrid are most excited about are our patented SkyView™ algorithm that filters for reputation and velocity. These words probably sound a bit technical, and let us quickly describe each one. Reputation just means we always want to show things only from people you trust (think about the difference on Facebook from getting a friend request with a picture of someone you may know vs. the blank silhouette image). Velocity shows you the information that’s changing the fastest. It’s always exciting to know what others are also finding exciting.
Honestly, we go to the SkyGrid "Latest on iPad" category at least once a day to see what people are saying and doing about and with the revolutionary new device.
If it's Talmud, we link to it, even if we don't really get the humor.
Today, Doonesbury's comic strip includes a reference to the imaginary "Berzerki Talmudi" Jewish rebels.
Peter Beinart, Associate Professor of Journalism and Political Science at the City University of New York, wrote a provocative essay for the New York Review of Books, proclaiming, "The Failure of the American Jewish Establishment."
There has been a lot of discussion in blogs and newspapers about Beinart's misplaced complaints. And that is what they are.
We just don't know what Beinart is talking about. His categorization of US Jews is crude and broad and his terms of analysis are soft and vapid.
This is an impressionistic essay sprinkled with random demographics and sports-section descriptions of just how intensely are US Jews fans of Israel.
And then he goes on to place the blame for the dilution of an undefined ideal, something that may or may not be the case, on "American Jewish Establishment." OK, listen up because this is important. You can and should teach your children to love and support Israel by yourself, in your home, in your family, with your immediate friends, in your synagogue, in your schools by passing on to them intellectual, spiritual, social, political and even mystical content. You give substance about the value of supporting Israel to your children in every way you can. That is how it works.
We don't know what the "American Jewish Establishment" is, and we don't care for this kind of carping and we sure do not fathom its claims about specifically what should be the case, what in fact is not the case, and who is to blame.
And yes, this article will be waved about by rich people who wish to justify why they will cut their donations to "establishment" Jewish agencies.
Yes, New Yorker staff writer Adam Gopnik is a Jew.
"The thing that puzzles me ... is how they ever figured out I was Jewish."
She executed what I believe our fathers would have called a spit take. "That is the most ridiculous question I've ever heard. There's your name, for one thing, and then the way you use Jewish words in writing."
"What Jewish words have I ever used in writing?"
She thought for a moment. "Well, 'shvits.' And 'inchoate.'"
"'Inchoate' is not a Jewish word."
"It is the way you use it. You've got 'Jew' written all over you. It's obvious."
"It's obvious," my six-year-old son, Luke, echoed, looking up from his plate. "It's obvious." I was startled, though not entirely...."
Now, in an essay (A Critic at Large: "What Did Jesus Do? Reading and unreading the Gospels") that treats an assortment of new and recent books about Jesus and early Christianity (e.g., Diarmaid MacCulloch, “Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years” and Bart Ehrman, “Jesus Interrupted"), Gopnick rambles on and on in an entertaining and literary way about Jesus.
Gopnik's own style is hard to describe, elusive, analytical and highly composite. Hmm, that sounds almost Talmudic. It's in the genes.
This headline will be given an award by the right wingers as the most distorted and misleading anti-teacher attack.
Half of the teachers in New Jersey who earned more than $100,000 work in Bergen and Passaic counties.
Sure sounds like half the teachers make more than $100,000. Whoops. You mean that is not true? No it is not even remotely close to true.
The Bergen Record is a real piece of work -- an anti-labor anti-teacher pro-business Republican rag. We call it a predictable disgrace of a newspaper.
A few weeks ago we were privileged to be asked to present an academic paper on Jewish prayer at a conference Bard College in upstate New York.
Here are the links to the audio and video (to order a DVD) of that paper presentation, "SIX PEOPLE YOU MEET IN THE SYNAGOGUE: VISIONS OF SOCIAL ORDER IN EARLY RABBINIC PRAYER".
Are Synagogues Permitted to Hire Rabbis?
No. By the halakhic reasoning of Orthodox Rabbi Hershel Schachter, synagogues are not permitted to hire rabbis.
The idea of hiring a professional Jewish minister was copied from Protestant and Catholic Churches. It is not a Jewish institution known in the bible or in the Talmud.
It may actually be better to suffer martyrdom, than for a synagogue to hire a rabbi (yehareg v’al ya’avor), extending the logic of what Rabbi Schachter, a faculty member at Yeshiva University, said last month, to wit, martyrdom is preferable to ordaining a woman as a rabbi because the Conservative movement ordains them.
Should the US Assassinate Religious Terrorists?
Today's Times article raises a number of issues about an American born Muslim cleric Anwar al-Awlaki who resides in Yemen and is plotting terrorist acts against the US. The CIA has targeted this person for assassination. The main question the Times probes is under our laws, what are this person's rights?
We think the Times misses a key issue in discussing this case, namely the ramifications of the fact that the subject is a religious leader. We believe this makes the man more dangerous as a terrorist threat because of the credibility such a person has among his followers and hence because of the intensity of religious fervor he can command of the believers whom he influences.
A political or ideological terrorist may also wield great authority over his troops and arouse in them a high level of destructive energy against the enemy. But we believe that military advisers and terrorism analysts accord a higher threat level to a religious leader -- and rightly so. You could make the case that religion is the nuclear energy of society, and accordingly a religious terrorist ought to be treated as a nuclear threat.
Here are snips from the news account.
PS: We do not believe in or endorse assassinations of any kind. That approach is a quick and dirty way to go after your perceived enemies. Admittedly it does take more resources and time to take the moral high road, i.e., to capture, try and convict your foes. But in the long run such a course of action will benefit us all.
What can we say to Bar other than, "Been there, done that"? Only we were bringing in a slightly bigger Kaypro in 1982 on a sabbatical. For the technological advancement of the state, it's a dumb self-defeating tax, kept alive by politically connected importers who want to squeeze out more profits.
JERUSALEM -- A famous Israeli export is in trouble for her import.
Supermodel Bar Refaeli was caught at Tel Aviv's international airport this week trying to bring in her newly purchased iPad without declaring it at customs. Items brought into Israel worth more than around $200 are subject to duties.
Refaeli told Israel's Channel 10 TV that she had an iPad in a suitcase that was lost in transit. She said she didn't declare the iPad upon entrance to Israel for a brief commercial appearance.
She is now required to pay 650 shekels ($170) in taxes and fines to get it back.
Israel lifted its ban on the popular tablet computer two weeks ago. The restrictions were initially imposed over concerns the gadget's wireless signal could disrupt other devices.
Are the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Jewish?
Not the right question. Those Mighty Morphin Power Rangers are characters in children's TV shows and movies.
However, it is fair to ask if Haim Saban, "the man who brought the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers from Japan to America" is Jewish? And the answer is yes he is, and he is one of the wealthiest Jews in the world.
Two observations. Contrast the sollective plural of "We are the world" (dating back to 1985) with the singular of "I am a Jew" and draw conclusion number one.
Observe that there are men soloists. Women appear only in a chorus. Draw conclusion number two.
We feel it's a moving song - but not great because it is missing key elements.
Yes, Solicitor General of the United States Elena Kagan is a Jew. She is also President Obama's nominee to be a justice on the Supreme Court.
Kagan was born to a Jewish family in New York City where she graduated from Hunter College High School (1977), the same school that our mom went to a generation earlier.
Kagan has had a stellar career serving as U Chicago professor of law, Harvard Law School Dean, a White House Counsel for Bill Clinton, and is highly ranked as a potential Supreme Court justice.
We said we wouldn't get involved, but now we changed our minds. Too much petty nasty stuff has been going around before the local Town Council election here.
Especially we want to castigate Susan Rosenbluth and her uber-weird outré Jewish Voice for her disgraceful comments about one "problematic" candidate in the election.
So we endorse one utterly fine candidate for you to vote for, in particular based on the recommendation of Dr. Miryam Z. Wahrman, our town's most venerated and celebrated academic personality and a respected community leader and long time resident, as published in The Suburbanite.
I am writing to endorse Joseph Steinberg in his run for Teaneck Council. Steinberg grew up in Teaneck and he and his wife have chosen to live and raise their family here. But even more importantly, he has made Teaneck and its welfare a top priority. He has already devoted many hours and much thought to improving the quality of life for all residents. For instance, as Chairman of Teaneck's Financial Advisory Board he has worked hard to identify areas that could be improved, leading to sounder and more sensible fiscal practices.
I have been dismayed by the divisiveness and rancor that has been occurring within our political framework. He has pledged to work towards a government that values unity and cooperation as it tackles the daunting challenges. The positive change that Joseph represents - financial responsibility, unity, excellence in education, and transparency in government - would benefit all residents.
I have served with Steinberg for two years on the New Jersey board of the American Committee for the Weizmann Institute of Science, a group that assists with fundraising for that well-known science institute. The board includes members who are highly accomplished individuals. Steinberg is the youngest member of the board - yet he has earned the admiration and respect of the other members. His counsel and ideas have been useful and valued in that charitable enterprise.
He is an accomplished and successful businessman. His experience in enhancing efficiency has already been widely recognized - helping earn him recognition as one of NJ's top businesspeople under the age of 40. I am so pleased that he is running for council as he will be able to use his insight and experience in the business world to address the deep financial crisis that our town and others like it are facing.
On May 11 residents will have the opportunity to vote for four people to join the Council. If we want a person of insight and business savvy who brings fresh ideas to get Teaneck's finances under control, help restore the unity that our diverse town so desperately needs, and who truly loves Teaneck, vote for Joseph Steinberg.
There's somebody studying just about everything these days, including, it turns out, the relationship between our religious affiliation and our tipping habits at restaurants. The study was done by HCD Research, based in New Jersey. Their findings: The best tippers are Jews, followed by people with no religious affiliation. Penny-pinching Christians bring up the rear.
For good service, Jews tip an average of 20.8 percent, people with no religion tip 20.1 percent, and Christians tip 18.3 percent. For bad service, Jews tip 11.4 percent; no affiliation, 9.9, and Christians, 9.0.
When restaurant service is good, Democrats reported that they leave an average tip of 19.8% of the total bill while Republicans reported leaving 18.0% and Independents reported leaving 17.9% of the check. When restaurant service is bad, Democrats reported leaving an average tip of 10.8% of the total bill while Republicans left 8.7% and Independents left 8.4% of the check.
Note well. This study appears to account for what the groups report - which may or many not be what they do.
NEW YORK (Dow Jones)--Money manager J. Ezra Merkin must defend a fraud claim by Boston Properties Inc. (BXP) Chairman and New York Daily News owner Mortimer Zuckerman related to more than $25 million of Zuckerman's charitable trust funds allegedly lost to convicted Ponzi schemer Bernard Madoff.
So much about Jews in the Times Book Review this week. So much about what other people think about Jews though, mostly negative and stereotypical, ranging from the historical and philosophical to the fictional. And in all of this writing that surrounds Jews, so little about us as actual people, what makes us who we are beyond the accidents of tribal birth, what comprises our character, nature and talents.
One wonders why so many people pay so little attention to the actual Jews and expend so much venom and anger over their ideas of the Jews. And in all of this swirling animosity there is so little about real Jews as people even less about Judaism, the religion of our people, or about Jewish thought and culture in any secular respects.
All told, to be certain, this week in the TBR we have an agglomeration of reviews of books about the dysfunctional imaginations of people who hate their ideas of other people -- who they call "Jews." Nothing at all substantive about our actual ancestors or relatives or their thoughts contained here below in these several reviews or in the books that they consider.
Anthony Julius’s fiercely relevant book on British anti-Semitism is particularly strong on Shylock, Fagin and the whole cavalcade of Jew-hatred in English literature.
Martin Heidegger was undeniably a Nazi. But was his affiliation an “escapade,” as Hannah Arendt claimed, or is his philosophy itself fundamentally corrupt? Two new books reconsider the question.
Book Review Podcast Featuring Adam Kirsch on the philosopher Martin Heidegger and the Nazis; and Francine Prose on the life and stories of Irène Némirovsky.
A biography of Friedrich Nietzsche emphasizes the personal and historical circumstances that acted as backdrop to his ideas.
Update: Jeffrey Goldberg, a national correspondent for The Atlantic thinks we are suggesting that God is a socialist.
Talmudically speaking, perhaps, or perhaps not.
A warning from Minnesota's Council of Nonprofits via the Star Tribune.
Thousands of nonprofits with revenues under $25,000 are at risk for losing their tax exempt because of a new law going into affect this month. These small organizations are now required to file an annual IRS Form 990-N. Failure to do so by a deadline of May 15 will result in revocation of the organizations tax exempt status.
A different National Day for Praying comes up next week for Jews.
Yom Yerushalayim commemorates the reunification of the City of Jerusalem, including the entire Old City, during the 'Six Day War' in the year 5727 (1967).
And we add - "Hoping and praying should never be intermixed with politics."
Holy schizophrenic university! Is Yeshiva U pro-Gay or anti-Gay?
While there are quite a few law schools affiliated with religious universities — see, e.g., Georgetown (Jesuit), Seton Hall (Catholic), and Pepperdine (Christian) — Cardozo Law School seems to be the school that most often encounters friction with its parent institution, Torah-embracing Yeshiva University.
Though affiliated with the Orthodox Jewish university, Cardozo is adamantly a secular institution. Yet, there are contradicting school policies — last year, a reality-game-show-winning 3L protested an administrative policy that unkosher food not be purchased for official school events by using his own funds to bring in “mouthwatering” nonkosher pizza.
Is the Shroud of Turin a Hoax?
Yes, in our opinion, the Shroud of Turin is a hoax.
The Times now reports on the display of the Shroud of Turin, "Shroud skeptics call on a shopping list of evidence, including traces of paint pigments and carbon-14 dating tests carried out in 1988 that led three independent laboratories to date the cloth between 1260 and 1390, to cast doubt on its sacred origins."
New evidence from Israel leads us to ask if the famous Shroud of Turin, alleged to be from the time of Jesus, is a hoax?
The report in the Archaeology Magazine blog concludes, "No one will be able to draw any definitive conclusions about the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin based on this new study, "Molecular Exploration of the First-Century Tomb of the Shroud in Akeldama, Jerusalem".
The comparative sample size is miniscule, and archaeologists need to see much more in the way of Jewish burial shrouds from the period in order to establish what the customs really were. However, this evidence is the best we have at the moment, and it certainly casts a lot of new doubt on the Shroud of Turin."
What is the new evidence?
In December, Shimon Gibson, an archaeologist and senior research fellow at the W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research in Jersualem, announced tantalizing results from a new study that he and Boaz Zissu, an archaeologist at Bar Ilan University, just completed on a 1st century B.C. shrouded burial they excavated in a tomb in Jerusalem. Gibson and several colleagues published the first part of the study in a paper in PLoS One on December 16th.
Well here we go again at the UN in NYC. We are concerned about the morality of what is going on over there.
VOA reports, "Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is on his way to New York City to take part in a conference on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Mr. Ahmadinejad is due to address delegates Monday on the first day of the month-long conference at U.N. headquarters. He is expected to defend Iran's right to enrich uranium, and to propose changes to the treaty."
Our dad was concerned about the activities of the UN way back in 1949.
"United Nations should take heed lest the world organization suffer the fate of the Tower of Babel and collapse in 'utter failure' through neglect of moral law."
We found 3 book reviews worth noting for one reason or another in the Times and we actually read quickly through one other new book that we have to return Monday to the otherwise wonderful Teaneck library because another patron has it on hold. And our reading time was minimal today because our home was filled most of the afternoon with at least eight children ages six and under, five who were our grandchildren with whom we'd rather spend time playing than to do anything else in the universe.
In the time left for reading, we selectively pored over Judith Shulevitz', The Sabbath World, and have mixed reactions to it, but mainly because we don't know what to make of what she calls her "spiritual autobiography." This is a work of diligent and extensive research and thinking about so many aspects of the phenomenon we call the Sabbath. And it is also an account of many chunks of the life of the author mixed in with her discussions of the practice and conceptualization of the Sabbath throughout history and across cultures. For us, that whole stratum of the book could have been dispensed with altogether. We aren't that much interested in Shulevitz after what we learned from her slightly banal yet pompous interspersed accounts of selected chapters of her rather offbeat Jewish upbringing, education and life experiences. The book, without that information, would stand quite strong as a rapid overview of the Sabbath idea broadly construed.
Judt's book thankfully does not seem to attack Israel; Miller' book looks promising; Martel's metaphor gets a kinder gentler review here than we have seen elsewhere, where it has been slammed pretty hard.
‘Heaven’ By LISA MILLER. Reviewed by MARK OPPENHEIMER. A journalist’s tour of the afterlife, across religions and through the ages. | 2019-04-21T10:51:42Z | http://tzvee.blogspot.com/2010/05/ |
Celebrate Carl Sagan Day on November 9!
November 9th marks Carl Sagan's birthday, a day that was celebrated in many locales for the first time in 2009 as Sagan Day. Various groups are celebrating this day in different ways and at NExScI, we've asked our 2009 and 2010 Carl Sagan Postdoctoral Fellows to reflect on how their research would appeal to Carl Sagan.
NASA's Sagan Program was started in 2008 to help inspire and support the next generation of exoplanet researchers. The program is administered by NExScI and consists of the Sagan Postdoctoral Fellowships and the Sagan Summer Workshops. Click here for more information.
I am a bit too young to have been influenced directly by Carl Sagan, but his scientific and public outreach work has certainly had a profound indirect impact on my life and career. For example, some of my earliest memories are of my father watching re-runs of Cosmos on PBS (I distinctly recall Carl's penchant for wearing turtleneck sweaters of all things). This program certainly influenced my father, who in turn played a big role in my becoming an astronomer. For as far back as I can remember, I always wanted to be "A Scientist" and my parents encouraged this. Carl de-mystified science for the public and planted the idea in an entire generation's mind that being a scientist was something that anyone could aspire to no matter what their background was. Carl also was very influential in the scientific community in making the idea of life elsewhere in the universe a relevant question that we should try to answer. Surely his ideas set the stage for our current search for planets around other stars. I hope Carl would be pleased at the progress we have made in this field, and appreciate the anticipation we all have as we move towards the detection and characterization of Earth-like planets in the near-future.
In my work, I investigate formation mechanisms for planets and try to understand when during the formation and evolution of a protoplanetary disk, the dusty and gaseous disk that forms during the birth of a star, the planet formation process begins. It is daunting to speculate what a mind like Sagan's would have to say about my research, but I do think that Sagan would see my work as a positive contribution to a very small piece of our cosmic origins, as well as to the origins, perhaps, of some civilization on the other side of the Galaxy, asking similar questions.
Like many other astronomers, I became interested in space at an early age. I became fascinated by the vastness of the universe reading popular science books while still in elementary school in Argentina. By age 11, I knew I was going to become an astronomer. No other book inspired me to be a scientist as Carl Sagan's "Cosmos" did, and I feel immensely honored to have received a fellowship named after him. Sagan was fascinated by the diversity of worlds in the Solar System and speculated about the endless possibilities for planets and life beyond the "The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean." He would be pleased so see how many of these speculations have become scientific facts in the recent years: the Galaxy is full of worlds whose diversity far exceeds that of the Solar System. Sagan would be extremely excited about the ongoing work to explore the properties of these new worlds, their formation, and evolution.
Extrasolar planets exist at the exciting intersection of a great number of active scientific fields, requiring us to be both experts and generalists. Few have accomplished this task as well as Carl Sagan. His ability to understand, synthesize, and explain concepts ranging from cosmology to biology made the workings of the cosmos relevant to our daily lives, placing the evolution and stewardship of our own planet within a much broader context. It was precisely this opportunity to synthesize a wide range of physical phenomena from various scientific disciplines that drew me to the study of exoplanets. Now, as we move toward discovering potentially habitable worlds around other stars, the arc of astrophysics has finally come full circle. Hopefully, as Sagan would do, we can take advantage of this to further excite conversation and greater understanding amongst us all.
"The Marriage of Skepticism and Wonder" — Carl Sagan is best remembered to the world as an unparalleled communicator of science. He had the magical power to capture public's imagination of the wonder of nature. He is the role model for scientists who feel compelled to facilitate public's understanding of science.
I am especially struck by his ability to keep the balance between "skepticism and wonder", not only as a scientist but also as a science communicator. To put this in his own words, "at the heart of science is an essential balance between two seemingly contradictory attitudes — an openness to new ideas, no matter how bizarre or counterintuitive, and the most ruthlessly skeptical scrutiny of all ideas, old and new." That is, scientific breakthroughs always originate from some of the wildest imaginations, which usually contradict dearly held beliefs; on the other hand, any science claims must withstand ferocious and uncompromising self and mutual skepticism. By presenting wonderful scientific pictures as well as advocating skeptical inquiry, Sagan never failed to communicate the two contradicting yet unified aspects of science.
Nowadays mass media tend to report exotic aspects of scientific discoveries rather uncritically to appeal to the public, oftentimes without a healthy dose of skepticism. Several years ago, I was asked to present at a press conference of American Astronomical Society. The main science value of the result was that, for the very first time we were able to determine the location of an object many tens of thousands light years away by observing its gravitational lensing effects simultaneously from the Earth and Spitzer Space Telescope. It was in essence pushing the ancient Greek astronomers' trigonometric tricks to the extreme. I was quite excited by merely being able to successfully apply this technique, and I was eager to convey my excitement to the public. The result also had a possible implication that the lens object might be composed of a pair of black holes orbiting each other. But it was statistically far too marginal to be of much scientific value. At the press conference, even though I tried my best to tone down the significance of the black hole aspect of our discovery, to my disappointment, almost all the questions from the journalists were about the fairly speculative dual black holes! I spent hours after the press conference trying to persuade every reporter present either not to mention the black holes or to quote my words of caution on this aspect of our result. I wonder if Sagan would be pleased to see that the published news reports that mentioned the pair of black holes included my note of skepticism.
As a Sagan Fellow, I work on searching for extrasolar planets as small as the Earth. Following Sagan's teaching, I try to keep my mind as open as possible to new ideas while being critical and rigorous on any results. We are now in a golden age of planet discoveries. The expectation from public is rocket high on extraordinary findings. I believe it is exceedingly important for us planet researchers to bear Sagan's words in mind: "Extraordinary Claims Require Extraordinary Evidences."
Sagan's notion of the "pale blue dot" forms a cornerstone for my work. By trying to directly image planets in other solar systems, in some sense I am helping to search for many more pale blue dots. Just as Sagan pointed out that everything about our lives were contained in that pale blue dot, I wonder about the nature of the planets we are starting to directly image from here on Earth. If Sagan could see the progress that has been made in the last ten years with this work, I'm sure he would be extraordinarily gratified that his vision of directly investigating other worlds is now a reality.
Carl Sagan was a big proponent for the search for extraterrestrial life. I think he would be thrilled to see the progress that we have made recently towards finding the first truly Earth-like planet outside of our solar system. Determining if a planet can actually host life requires understanding the planet's atmosphere, and so my current research on modeling the atmospheres of large terrestrial planets (known as super-Earths) would certainly interest Dr. Sagan. In the years since Dr. Sagan's death, we have gone from detecting the first extrasolar planet, to now being able to characterize the atmospheres of exoplanets that are only slightly larger than Earth. With this rate of scientific progress, it may be only a few more years before we can answer the question that seems to have always been on Dr. Sagan's mind of whether extraterrestrial life is "out there".
My first encounter with the work of Carl Sagan was as a teenager, while reading "Pale Blue Dot". Of course, the title of the book refers to the famous title page image, which shows our home planet as photographed from the Voyager 2 spacecraft from beyond the orbit of Neptune. With this simple photograph and his philosophical reflections, Sagan puts Earth and our place in the universe into context. In this book he writes about the prospects of detecting planets around nearby stars, one year before the detection of the first exoplanet around a main-sequence star. In the same chapter, he discusses how planets form in protoplanetary disks and speculates that "...as observations improve, perhaps we will see telltale details in the configuration of dust and dust-free zones that will indicate the presence of planets too small and dark to be seen directly." Detecting these "telltale details" of planet formation in protoplanetary disks is an essential motivation for my work as Sagan fellow. For this purpose, I employ a novel technique known as infrared interferometry, which allows us to combine the light of physically separated telescopes and to create the resolving power of a 330 m telescope. Obtaining interferometric images with this unprecedented resolution could teach us much about how stars and planetary systems like our own are forming. Hopefully in the near future, such infrared images will allow us to reveal the signposts of embedded planets in the disk structure, which I think would have appealed to Sagan's exploratory mind and would make another prediction in his visionary book a reality.
When I was in tenth grade, I chose "the life and death of stars" as the topic of my first ever science project. Since it was part of a biology class whose curriculum that semester was oriented towards explaining photosynthesis and the nervous systems of small lobsters, I had to argue that the problem I wanted to discuss was relevant. My convoluted arguments about how stars evolved just like animal species and how it was very relevant to biology since there were a lot of planets around these stars did not convince my biology teacher very much.... it was in the winter of 1995 and she was probably not aware of 51 Peg. She suspected that my choice was mostly driven by my already declared preference for physics.
To make my point I hauled into the classroom this giant book of mine "Encyclopedia of Astronomy" [first edited in the UK in 1979 and translated into French in 1983] and read to her an excerpt of the foreword, written by Carl Sagan [pardon my french] "What is being unveiled to us is nothing else but the true nature of the Universe and where do we stand in the middle of it. Some of our discoveries will have, in the long run, practical and philosophical implications that we cannot quantify yet. Modern astronomy and space research answer questions that have been raised ever since the birth of mankind. They open the doors to a wonderful world and talk to us about who we are." So my point was: of course learning about stars was in the long run relevant to learning about the human nature! I do not know if she was more convinced by Carl Sagan's words or by the resilience of a kid carrying quite a thick book in her classroom just to make a point.
What I do know, is that working on this project truly opened my eyes. How people could, from "simple" measurements, deduce so many things about or stars, galaxies and the universe was fascinating. Fifteen years later, I now have the chance to be one these lucky few who gets to search for little hints of life somewhere else in our galaxy. Every once in a while, I take a step back from my small research bubble and reflect on these words. The research that the Sagan Fellows pursue does "answer questions that have been raised ever since the birth of mankind". No matter how many more questions are unveiled by the answers that result from our work, the vision of Carl Sagan helps us to put in perspective each one of our contributions, because the sum of the efforts of our community "talks to us about who we are".
My work is based on the hypothesis that the formation of terrestrial planets has left a detectable signature in the chemical composition of their parent stars. Recent observations seem to support this idea, but the evidence is indirect. If this hypothesis is true, however, relatively simple chemical analysis of stars can be used to find large numbers of stars hosting Earth-like planets. Carl Sagan's reaction would have probably been a combination of excitement and positive skepticism. First, excitement at the prospect of having such an easy way to find other Earths, which is the starting point in our quest for habitable places in the Universe. After all, every planet detection technique currently known is still far from being able to reach that goal. On the other hand, what if these observations are not related to planets but to some other astrophysical phenomenon yet unknown to us? The most important part of my research in fact will be devoted to testing fundamental predictions of the planet signature hypothesis. We could, of course, be wrong, but by looking deeper into this problem we will learn something new about stars and their planets.
Carl Sagan was a man who just couldn't stop thinking; his curiosity and sense of wonder were unending. He was especially interested in speculating about the diversity of worlds--within our Solar System and beyond--and their exotic properties. In the last 15 years hundreds of new worlds have been discovered, among them many Jupiter-mass planets that orbit incredibly close to their parent stars. Sagan would surely be astonished by the extreme atmospheres of these "hot Jupiters", with day-night temperature contrasts of perhaps hundreds of degrees C, winds blowing close to 1 km/s, and swirling vortices that could stretch from equator to pole! These planets are so unlike anything in our Solar System that we have the chance to study something truly new, with impressive observations that can guide and motivate our models. Part of my work is to understand why there seems to exist such diversity between the atmospheres of different hot Jupiters. I like to think that the fun of trying to model all these crazy planets would appeal to Carl Sagan and his dual responses to nature: "amazing!" and "why?"
As many people in the world, I got to meet Carl Sagan through his TV series 'Cosmos'. At the time, I was a little girl living in Colombia, thus I heard about the Universe through a Spanish dubbed voice of Sagan. I only realized this a few years ago when I saw the new released series in the original version. Now, as a researcher on interior and dynamic of super-Earths, Sagan's teachings and superb work in public outreach have a new meaning for me. I am now part of the group of scientists that get to study a fundamental question to human existence: is there life elsewhere? This puzzle fascinated Sagan and he is well remembered for imparting that fascination and curiosity to scientists and non-scientists alike. In one way or another, exoplanet researchers are working towards answering that question. My contribution centers on studying the interior and evolution of super-Earths, the subset of exoplanets with perhaps the most potential to harbour life. They may be similar to Earth, and they are easier to discover. Within the next decade, more of these planets will be discovered and through their characterization we will be one step closer to solving the puzzle. I think Carl Sagan would be happy.
Back to main Sagan program page. | 2019-04-21T22:00:49Z | http://nexsci.caltech.edu/sagan/9nov2010.shtml |
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that resides within host macrophages during infection of ruminant animals. We examined survival of M. paratuberculosis infections within cultured macrophages to better understand the interplay between bacterium and host.
Serial plating of M. paratuberculosis infected macrophage lysates on Herold's egg yolk medium showed that mycobacterial replication takes place between 0 and 24 hours post-infection. This initial growth phase was followed by a steady decline in viability over the next six days. Antibodies against M. paratuberculosis were affinity purified and used in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy to track the development of intracellular bacilli. Immunogold labeling of infected macrophages with antibody against M. paratuberculosis showed degraded intracellular mycobacteria that were unrecognizable by morphology alone. Conversely, when macrophages were heavily infected with M. paratuberculosis, no degraded forms were observed and macrophages were killed.
We present a general description of M. paratuberculosis survival within cultured macrophages using transmission electron microscopy and viability counts. The results of this study provides further insight surrounding M. paratuberculosis-macrophage infections and have implications in the pathogenesis of M. paratuberculosis, a pathogen known to persist inside cattle for many years.
Johne's disease, also called paratuberculosis, is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminant animals caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis). While Johne's disease can end in death of the animal, the economic impact of this disease is much more significant [1, 2]. Losses are estimated to be $200/clinically infected cow/year and are a result of animal culling, reduced milk production, poor reproductive performance, and reduced carcass value [1, 3]. Research on the pathogenesis and immunology of M. paratuberculosis infections of cattle is necessary to allow design of more rational diagnostic and control procedures.
A small number of specialized microorganisms can survive inside macrophages designed specifically to kill bacteria. However, a hallmark of mycobacterial pathogenesis is their ability to survive, and even replicate, within macrophages. These include Mycobacteria, Salmonella, Listeria, Coxiella and Corynebacteria. Different mechanisms are employed as survival strategies and the mycobacteria are exceptional in the duration and persistence of this interaction. Survival of pathogenic mycobacteria is attributed to the fact that the mycobacterial phagosome does not fuse with lysosomes [4–6]. The mechanism that prevents phagosome maturation is still unknown as are any mycobacterial genes that contribute to the delayed maturation.
Several studies surrounding the interactions of M. paratuberculosis with macrophages have been published because of its importance in pathogenesis. These studies include entry into J774 macrophages [7, 8], an electron microscopic examination of goat tissue [9, 10] and an assessment of intracellular fate of M. paratuberculosis within bovine monocytes/macrophages [11, 12]. However, many assumptions regarding M. paratuberculosis interactions with macrophages are based on analogies to M. tuberculosis or M. avium. In this communication, we present an analysis of M. paratuberculosis survival within J774 macrophages using transmission electron microscopy to show temporal events early during infection.
The growth of M. paratuberculosis was measured at early stages during infection of non-activated macrophages. Growth was measured by bacterial cell counts following serial dilutions on HEYM slants. The cell counts from three independent experiments showed a slow decline in M. paratuberculosis viability over 7 days (Fig. 1). After infection, an initial growth phase occurred until 24 hours postinfection where mycobacterial counts began to decline. In two of the three experiments, an increase in bacterial counts occurred after 70 hours postinfection up until 95 hours where a second decline in viable mycobacteria occurred. These data suggest that while M. paratuberculosis survives much longer in macrophages than some pathogens [15, 16] including other species of mycobacteria , there remains a significant decrease in viability over time.
Growth and survival of M. paratuberculosis in murine macrophages. Resting J774 macrophages were infected with M. paratuberculosis at time zero. Infected lysates were harvested and plated in triplicate on HEYM slants at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours postinfection. The results from three independent experiments are shown. All platings were performed in triplicate. Error bars denote standard deviation.
Because the viability of M. paratuberculosis decreased with time, it was of interest to examine the progression of M. paratuberculosis infection by immunoelectron microscopy. However, a reliable method to label intracellular mycobacteria needed to be developed first. Therefore rabbit antibodies against a whole cell sonicated lysate of M. paratuberculosis were affinity purified. These purified antibodies labeled the outer periphery of Middlebrook 7H9 cultured M. paratuberculosis (Fig. 2C). This purified antibody preparation was then used to label M. paratuberculosis within infected macrophages (Fig. 2A and 2B). The purified antibody was highly specific as all gold particles are associated with the mycobacteria and no labeling of the surrounding background or macrophages was observed. Control preparations of uninfected macrophages failed to label with antibody against M. paratuberculosis (data not shown). Note the mycobacterial morphology remained constant when comparing intracellular with extracellular bacilli (compare Fig 2B with Fig 2C).
Immunogold labeling of intracellular and extracellular M. paratuberculosis. A single macrophage is shown at 48-h postinfection (A). (B) An enlargement of the boxed region in panel A showing immunogold labeling of intracellular M. paratuberculosis. (C) Preparation of M. paratuberculosis cultured in Middlebrook 7H9 medium. Gold particle labeling was seen predominantly at the periphery of the mycobacterial cells. Magnification: 11,180 × (A); 104,000 × (B); 88,400 × (C).
Macrophages were infected with M. paratuberculosis at a 5:1 ratio and fixed in glutaraldehyde at various time points to examine the development of mycobacteria in this environment (Fig. 3). Vacuoles harboring mycobacteria appeared tightly arranged and not spacious as previously observed in Coxiella burnetii containing vacuoles [18, 19]. The mycobacteria themselves were in very close contact with each other. The size, number, and morphology of the mycobacteria appeared to remain relatively constant throughout the observed time period. At all times postinfection, mycobacteria were mostly found as groups inside vacoules. Occasionally, single bacilli were observed within a tight vacuole. An increase in the percentage of degraded mycobacteria was observed with time. There were two degraded bacilli per 25 fields at 24 hour postinfection and 12 degraded bacilli per 13 fields at 72 hours postinfection. Similar data were obtained in two independent experiments. Degraded mycobacteria were morphologically unrecognizable, but did label with immunogold, indicating the presence of M. paratuberculosis antigen (Fig. 4). These data indicate that macrophages can kill and degrade a percentage of mycobacterial cells in a given infection.
Transmission electron micrographs of M. paratuberculosis-containing vacuoles in J774 macrophages. Infected macrophages were processed for transmission electron microscopy at 24 (A), 48 (B), 72 (C), and 96 (D) hours postinfection. The left column shows the infected macrophage and the right column shows an enlargement of the mycobacterial vacuole. Image magnification is shown beneath each column. Arrows point to the same mycobacterial cell in each magnification.
Some mycobacteria are degraded within macrophages. Infected macrophages were processed for transmission electron microscopy at 24 (A), 48 (B), 72 (C), 96 (D), and 120 (E) hours postinfection. Degraded, unrecognizable mycobacteria were labeled with immunogold particles (A-E). Healthy M. paratuberculosis bacilli at 72 hours postinfection were seen in (F). Magnification: 104,000 × (A-C), 104,000 × (D), 165,000 × (E), 88,400 × (F).
We next examined the outcome of mycobacteria within heavily infected macrophages. J774 macrophages were infected with M. paratuberculosis at high multiplicities of infection (30:1) and examined at various times post-infection (fig. 5). Extracellular mycobacteria were phagocytosed via actin rearrangement and remain within phagosomal vacuoles dispersed throughout the cytoplasm (fig. 5A and 5B). At least 20 infected macrophages were examined at each time point. Note the electron transparent lipid vesicles present within M. paratuberculosis. These electron transparent vesicles were seen at all time points examined. At 48 hr postinfection (fig. 5C), the cytoplasm of the macrophage is loaded with mycobacterial-containing vacuoles. By 72 hr postinfection, the macrophage cytoplasm is dark and the cell appears necrotic, possibly due to the heavy mycobacterial load or apoptosis. Severe membrane sloughing or blebbing seen to the right of the macrophage and identified by the arrows in Fig. 5D is a sign of apoptosis [20–22]. No degraded mycobacteria were observed in these experiments. Therefore, at high levels of infection, it appears that mycobacteria survive while the host macrophage is killed. Whereas the outcome is reversed at lower moi.
Heavy M. paratuberculosis infection of J774 macrophages. Macrophages were infected at a 30:1 ratio and processed for transmission electron microscopy at 0 (A), 24 (B), 48 (C), and 72 (D) hours. Long arrows in A identify extracellular M. paratuberculosis whereas short arrows in A and B show intracellular M. paratuberculosis within vacuoles, presumably phagosomes. Membrane protrusions indicative of actin rearrangements involving phagocytosis can be seen in the top center of panel A. The inset (E) shows the intracellular detail of selected bacilli. Arrows in (D) identify membrane blebs. Scale bars = 1 μm.
Growth and survival of mycobacterial species within macrophages has been an area of intensive study because of its implications in pathogenicity. For example, M. bovis has been shown to grow within macrophages whereas BCG strains do not . This observation is controversial since there are reports of immunocompromised patients with disseminated BCG. Although multi-species studies are complex and multi-factorial, M. avium appears to be able to survive in secondary lysosomes better than does M. tuberculosis. In macrophages co-infected with Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular pathogen known to inhabit and replicate within secondary lysosomes , M. avium growth was not impaired . Whereas M. tuberculosis bacilli that co-localized with C. burnetii containing vacuoles, did show reduced growth . A recent report by Thomsen et al. showed a higher percentage of degraded M. paratuberculosis in euthymic as compared to athymic mice. The in vivo study by Thomsen supports data from our in vitro study, indicating that J774 cultured macrophages are a good model for pathogenesis studies.
Many bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus are rapidly endocytosed and digested by macrophages within a few hours postinfection . The present study showed an initial 25 hour intracellular growth period of M. paratuberculosis followed by a slow decline in the viability within macrophages over a period of 7 days. This survival curve is similar to that observed by Zhao et al. which showed M. paratuberculosis intracellular growth in the first six days followed by killing after day six. The experiments described herein were performed using the type strain of M. paratuberculosis, which may have affected the survivability within macrophages since it is not a recent field isolate. However, M. paratuberculosis 6783 and M. paratuberculosis BO45 are field isolates that have both showed a decline in viability inside macrophages over time, although much slower than observed with the type strain. No attempt has been made to activate the macrophages in this study, although several laboratories have shown that macrophages activated with cytokines such as interferon-γ increase the ability to kill mycobacteria [26–30].
A very recent communication of M. paratuberculosis interactions with macrophages was published during the course of our experiments . This comprehensive study showed that M. paratuberculosis-containing vacuoles were mildly acidified (pH 6.3) as compared to latex beads (pH 5.2). In addition, the M. paratuberculosis phagosome was characterized by the presence of LAMP 1 and absence of LAMP 2 lysosomal membrane protein markers as well as other endocytic tracer molecules. These cell biology studies clearly add to our understanding of M. paratuberculosis interactions with macrophages.
This study has also provided a general description of early events in M. paratuberculosis infection of cultured macrophages. Several intracellular pathogens such as Chlamydia or Coxiella undergo readily distinguishable morphological changes during infection of host cells [31, 32]. This is clearly not the case for M. paratuberculosis or other mycobacteria as they remain morphologically similar at least up until 4 days postinfection. However, an increased percentage of degraded mycobacterial forms was observed over time. These degraded forms appeared by 24 hours postinfection and were hardly recognizable morphologically, but did label with immunogold particles indicating the presence of mycobacterial antigen. At low moi, the bacilli were tightly clustered into a single vacuole throughout the observed time period. This mycobacterial vacuole is most likely characteristic of a late endosome, based on previous studies with M. avium, M. tuberculosis[33, 34] and M. paratuberculosis.
All intracellular bacterial pathogens enter host cells surrounded by a membrane bound vacuole [35, 36]. Some pathogens in heavily infected cells collect into a single vacuole within the same cell . J774 macrophages infected at a moi of 5:1 showed separate M. paratuberculosis-containing vacuoles within the same macrophage even after 48 hours postinfection (Figure 2). Likewise, M. tuberculosis and M. avium appear to remain in distinct phagosomes that do not harbor more than one bacilli per vacuole (see Figures 1A and 4B in for example). However, in M. avium-infected macrophages, one of the first phenotypic alterations following activation with cytokines is the coalescence of individual M. avium-containing vacuoles into communal vacuoles with many bacilli . The significance of separate M. paratuberculosis-containing vacuoles observed in this study is still unclear.
There appears to be a tenuous relationship to gain control between M. paratuberculosis and the macrophage with survival at stake. The macrophage can control growth and even kill M. paratuberculosis. However, the mycobacteria are cytotoxic to macrophages or induce apoptosis at high moi. The mechanism that enables M. paratuberculosis to persist within cattle for several years remains unclear as high moi are not likely observed at early stages of Johne's disease.
In vitro assays to quantify survival of bacteria in macrophages provide useful insights into host-pathogen relations. The results of this study provides further insight surrounding M. paratuberculosis-macrophage infections and have implications in the pathogenesis of M. paratuberculosis, a pathogen known to persist inside cattle for many years. Further studies need to address the tenuous relationship between mycobacteria and macrophage in relation to disease outcome.
M. paratuberculosis ATCC19698 was grown in Middlebrook 7H9 broth (pH 6.0) supplemented with oleic acid albumin dextrose complex (Becton Dickinson Microbiology) and 0.05% Tween 80 and ferric mycobactin J (2 mg/L). For viability counts, M. paratuberculosis was cultured on Herold's egg yolk medium (HEYM) prepared as described elsewhere .
The murine macrophage cell line, J774.16, was cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (MEM; Life Technologies) supplemented with 10% defined fetal calf serum (Hyclone Laboratories) at 37°C in 5% CO2. Because phagocytosis of mycobacteria was shown to be enhanced with complement protein C3 , macrophages were infected with M. paratuberculosis in the presence of 10% serum from a clinical cow with Johne's disease. Multiplicities of infection (moi) ranged between 2:1 and 30:1 (bacteria: macrophage ratio) in PBS. The number of macrophages was 3.0 × 106/well as determined on an Angel CellTrak 3B cell counter. The input inoculum was 3.0 × 107mycobacteria/well for a 10:1 moi experiment. After 2 hours, extracellular bacteria were removed by washing the monolayers twice with fresh media. Infected macrophages were then incubated in MEM at 37°C and in 5% CO2. Medium was exchanged every third day during the course of the infection. To determine survival of M. paratuberculosis within macrophages, 24-well plates of macrophages were infected at an moi of 10:1. Infected macrophages were lysed in cold sterile distilled H2O at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours postinfection. Following lysis, serial platings of infected macrophage lysates on HEYM slants were performed. Lysates from three separate wells were plated for each time point.
Colloidal gold-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG was purchased from Ted Pella, Inc., Redding, CA. Two New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with sonicated preparations of M. paratuberculosis as previously described . Antibodies directed at a whole cell sonicated extract of M. paratuberculosis were affinity purified using AminoLink columns (Pierce Chemical Company, Rockford, IL, USA). Briefly, the sonicated extract of M. paratuberculosis was coupled by reductive amination to a 4% agarose support column (Pierce Chemical Company). Sera from rabbits immunized with a killed preparation of M. paratuberculosis (1–2 ml) were passed over the column followed by three washes and elution according to the instructions of the manufacturer. Eluted fractions were evaluated by spectrophotometry and immunoblot analysis . Fractions with the highest absorbance at 280 nm and the strongest reactivity by immunoblot were neutralized in 1 M Tris-HCl (pH 9.5) buffer and stored at 4°C.
All fixation and staining procedures were conducted at room temperature. Noninfected and M. paratuberculosis-infected macrophages were cultured on membrane inserts for times indicated in each experiment described below. Cells were fixed for 2–4 h in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M Cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4. Fixed cells were washed in the same buffer three times and were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4, for 2 h. After washing in the same buffer, cells were incubated with 30% ethanol for 10 min. The cells were further dehydrated with a graded series of ethanol and embedded in epoxy resin (Embed 812). Ultrathin sections for immunoelectron microscopy were washed in buffer 15 min three times and etched with saturated sodium metaperiodate for 15 min. Cells were then blocked with 5% BSA for 30 min at room temperature. Cells were treated with affinity purified rabbit IgG against M. paratuberculosis (diluted 1:20) in the blocking solution for 2 h at room temperature. Cells were washed in Tris buffer containing 0.1% Tween 20 and 0.1% BSA four times for 10 min each and then incubated with goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to colloidal gold (10 nm diameter) in Tris buffer for 2 h. Immunolabeled sections were washed in Tris buffer four times and fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde in Tris for 10 min. All ultrathin sections were double stained with uranyl acetate and Reynolds lead citrate and then observed under a Philips 410 microscope.
The expert technical assistance of Janis Hansen and Trudy Bosworth is appreciated. We gratefully acknowledge Judy Stasko for the embedding and staining of samples for electron microscopy. | 2019-04-26T14:20:03Z | https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2180-2-2 |
Do the Documents Speak for Themselves?
Editor's Note: This article is primarily intended for non-attorney advocates who assist parents and attorneys in preparing to present a child's case at an IEP meeting, mediation or a formal due process hearing. Regardless of the forum, these concepts about evaluating and using documents are the same.
So - there they are - boxes, three-ring binders, school records, and other stuff written on paper - paper that is occupying a disproportionate amount of floor space.
There they sit, growing as if the little monsters have some sort of expansionism population policy. Sometimes the little monsters obstruct pathways to other parts of the room in which they reside. I like to use them as footstools or convenient places to set a coffee cup. At least they have some utilitarian value. Over time, they take on a comfortable patina.
They sit on the floor, occupying space, while we concentrate on the more interesting aspects of the case. We know these papers contain some sort of mystical potential. But, we rationalize, we will dig around and find what we need when the "right time" presents itself.
Everyone knows the real stuff of advocacy is doing battle with "them" - right?
During the "real" battle, we will rely on our hottest documents and our superior argumentative skills to zing the other side because the documents speak for themselves, right?
Addressing the "document speaks for itself" concept in his decision in Mid-Continent Resource Recovery, Inc. v. Shred Pax Corp., No. 94 C 6689, 1995 WL 12229 (N.D. Ill. Jan. 10, 1995), Judge Shadur noted that the "Court has been attempting to listen to documents for years in the forlorn hope that one would indeed give voice."
Witnesses and trial advocates give voice to the evidence contained in documents. The experienced trial advocate artistically weaves these silent documents into compelling testimonial evidence through sound planning and tactical choices.
Almost without exception, current deficiencies with regard to the appropriateness of a child's IEP, placement, or classification are related to early events that followed the initial evaluation of the student. Sometimes the problem relates to the initial contact at a new school after the child transfers from another school, town, or state.
Because human memories are fallible, we must rely on information contained in the child's education records. To unravel the facts and to develop a compelling and easily understood theme for the story that we will eventually present to a decision-maker, we must learn to love reading documents.
There they sit. Fourteen billion pieces of paper stuffed into boxes or notebooks designed to hold only a tiny portion of fourteen billion pieces of paper.
"Well," you say, "the school district's attorney will not look at each one of these papers. Besides, everyone knows that school district attorneys do not look at the records until a week or so before the hearing."
Let me dispel this myth.
The school district's attorney, unlike the you and me folks out here, have legal assistants and paralegals who sift, sort, put into chronological order, categorize, summarize, copy, identify, and neatly store the stuff in numbered boxes and folders.
Some school attorneys even have former special educators, nurses, and other professionals on their staff who can help them analyze these fourteen billion documents. Some school district attorneys have lower level associate attorneys who do preliminary legal research (uninteresting work for grunts).
If you and I had that kind of support, we too could blow into a meeting room looking like Perry Mason.
We do not, so we must even the odds by making fact-finding one of our top priorities.
Organize documents and other potential evidence that supports and diminishes the value of your case. Become knowledgeable about every possible defense that the school district has available.
Know the strengths and weaknesses of your case. This knowledge is the key to formulating a credible argument. Good advocates do not enter into serious discussions with the other side without knowing both sides of the issues in question.
Organize your information in a usable, easily referenced manner. If you do not do this, your case is doomed to spend its natural life in a quagmire of petty argument.
Use a method to organize and analyze information in the file. Special education matters are paper intensive.
Pare down your evidence documents to a precious and lovely few.
We want to trust other folks, and we generally do. We learned to trust good old "Dr. Says." When we trust Dr. Says, our trust manifests itself in dangerous behavior if we skim over reports.
Train yourself to read every line of every document or report. Read the documents without a preconceived notion of what those papers contain. Look at them with child - like enthusiasm. Hunt for inconsistencies, obscure conclusions supported with mostly subjective reasoning. Learn to look for patterns of "cut and paste" observations, conclusions, etc.
Often, evaluators carry forward erroneous information from early parent or teacher comments. When these "cut and paste" statements are included in a critical evaluation or report, we need to be able to show that the information is erroneous - and where it came from.
Correctly identify the date of the document. Who among us has not mistaken the date of the report for the date of the evaluation? You can eliminate these kinds of mistakes by careful reading and use of checklists.
In our society, we learn to trust Mr. or Ms. School Says. I do not want to suggest that all school folks are untrustworthy individuals - far from it.
Frequently, documents that have been previously released by third parties to the district are those that were selected by the third party for release that relate only to "education." Typically, however, there is additional information contained in the third party's files, including psychiatric and other medical information that could be significant to the defense of the school district's case. Thus, it is extremely important that all documentation is obtained from third parties to the extent possible.
If the parents have not yet initiated a due process hearing and the parties are in the process of discussing parental concerns, it is important for district representatives, not the attorney, to request that the parents execute a release that would allow the district to obtain copies of all of the child's records from third parties. Obviously, the district would assume the responsibility for securing the documents, copying the documents and providing copies of the documents to the parents if requested.
Special Education Law and Practice: A Manual for the Special Education Practitioner, Chapter 9, Section II (A), ((2001 Ed.) Gary M. Ruesch, Editor, LRP Publications, Horsham, PA.
When parent attorneys read these two paragraphs, I suspect most expressed a few "Hmmmmms".
We often assume that two identical appearing documents are indeed identical. Look carefully. Do not do a screening peep to determine if two documents are identical.
Look carefully. You will often find text differences. Sometimes a handwritten notation appears on one document, but not on the other. These differences turn what appear to be identical documents into documents that are different. Compare the dates. Look for evidence of the creative "white out" snooker. Only by developing a discipline will we be able to be certain that the document we are relying upon is actually the document we believe it to be. Analyzing documents is a learned skill.
Organizing those fourteen billion documents is the first step to understanding what is in the documents.
There are too many methods for organizing documents to list here. I suggest that you look at how successful advocates and attorneys do this. You need to devise a way to know where your evidence is and how to retrieve it when you need it. Nothing makes weary bones quicker than realizing that you spent two hours to find a document that required only 10 minutes to use.
Make working copies of documents that you will use for study or note taking.
Review documents with total objectivity. Do not look for what you would like to find. Look for what is there.
Purchase and use a good dictionary if you do not own one.
I recommend the Oxford American English Dictionary and Thesaurus a combined work that is not expensive. Get the paperback version of this dictionary. Carry it with you. Add yellow stickies, write in it, circle stuff. Above all, check every word, term, concept, or utterance that you hear or the school district uses.
Do not - Do not - Do not assume that you understand a term, no matter how familiar you THINK you are with the meaning of the term.
As an initial step, the school attorney should request that the client collect all school files relating to the child. Caution must be exercised in this area because many schools maintain separate files, e.g., the "main file," the attendance file, the school file, the teacher's file, the psychological services file, the health services file, the special education file, etc. Thus, the school attorney should ensure that the district has identified all files generated or maintained that relate in any way to the child and/or to the child's family.
In addition to educational records, the files maintained in a particular case frequently contain documentation from third parties, such as physicians, hospitals, residential and private treatment centers, or other public schools. Because documentation from third parties often contains information critical to the district's case, it should be determined whether and how such documentation can be obtained.
WARNING: What follows sounds like a lot of work and a lot of time - and it is. If you can do this, you may be able to prove your claims without much expense. If you need to hire an attorney later, you have saved yourself a wad of money because organizing documents is a major pre-hearing expense.
If you do this, you may get hooked on document peeping and find that you have volunteered to help other parents prepare their files.
Approach school personnel as if they want to help. Give them a chance to help you. Do not go in with an attitude of blame and hostility - they have not let you down yet.
Ask the school for a private room. You do not want someone who is looking over your shoulder to intimidate or frustrate your review. Have these tools: plenty of sticky notes for marking pages you want to copy; plenty of paper for your personal notes; patience.
Keep the file in order. Go through the file, page by page. You do not need to read every document while you are at the school because you can get copies of everything.
Make an inventory of all documents in the file. When school provides you with a copy of the file, you will know if the file has been vacuumed or sanitized.
Examine all documents in the file. School people often make notes on stickies and attach these notes to documents. Make a note all documents that have sticky note attached to them. Make a note of what was on the sticky note. A copy machine may not pick up or show highlighted portions of documents. Or the highlighted portion may turn into a black, opaque unreadable mark on your copy.
Examine the file folder. You will often find handwritten notes on the front, back, or inside covers of the file. Make a note of everything written on the file. A telephone number or obscure comment may correlate with a nice piece of evidence later.
Look for a contact log. Education records often include a contact log or record of incoming and outgoing telephone calls, letters, etc. relating to the student. These logs often contain interesting information. Note the "tone" of comments. For example, you may find an entry that reads,"Ms. Gripealot called AGAIN and was told you were NOT available."
Look for letters to or from the school's attorney. If you find correspondence with the school attorney, there are several things you can do. You may put flags on this correspondence and ask that this not be copied for your use. The information in these letters or other communications may be protected by a privilege. Unless you are a lawyer, you may not know how to determine this. Do make a note for yourself about each of these letters. Your note should contain the date, the author, the recipient, and the subject (not a word-for-word recitation) of the letter(s). If you follow this practice, you will demonstrate to the school board attorney that you are honest and worthy of respect.
Never assume that the school provided you with the entire record. Schools file documents in different places. You may find files in the office of the 504 coordinator, the school nurse, the special education director, and so forth. These files may include documents that are not in the child's "main" or cumulative file. (Refer to the quotation from the LRP publication above).
Determine which support staff seems to be the ramrod support person. Before you leave, ask this person if you can have a copy of the school's 504 policy, attendance policy, and other policies that you know about. These documents are the stuff of which due process dreams are made.
Look at posters, inspirational quotes, and brochures. You may find delightful quotes or policy statements that run counter to how school personnel are handling your child's education. Look for warm, fuzzy statements that are printed and displayed for all to see. Write down what the poster says, where it was displayed, and the date you saw it. Don't forget to pick up brochures about the school or school district. The people who write these things tend to go overboard when they say "No student is left behind," etc.
Make a second set of copies to use as your working copies. Bind the original copies with a rubber band. Attach a note that includes the date you received the copies and from whom you received them. Do not mark, write on, spindle, mutilate or otherwise disturb these original documents from the school. If you need to prepare for a hearing, these are the documents you will use.
Organize your working copies chronologically. File the oldest document on top, most recent document on the bottom.
Do not organize documents by category. Do not file IEPs, letters, or evaluations together. Instead, file documents in chronological order. This will give you a clean picture of events.
Some documents have more than one page. For example, most IEPs have many pages. These pages may have different dates. Find the date of agreement or execution that relates to the entire document or set of pages. Use this as the date for the document or set of pages.
Use documents to make a timeline. Make an index of the documents by listing the date, author, and a brief description of the subject matter of the document. For example, a letter may be described as follows: Letter, dated ***, written by ***, sent to ****, subject: notice of IEP meeting date. This process will save you many hours. When you use this process, you avoid the headaches that you would get if you had to dig through piles of papers to find the "smoking gun" document you recall seeing several months ago.
Examine each document carefully. Look at the dates. Are there discrepancies? Do the date sequences follow the rules?
For example, if the document about the initial placement decision is dated before the initial evaluation report, BINGO. Is the date on the IEP before or after the date on the notice of the meeting?
Check everything. Take nothing for granted. We have fallen into the trap of reading documents with an uncritical eye when we assume that all evaluators are qualified and all dates are correct.
Regardless of whether your claim will be resolved informally by mediation or negotiation or in a formal due process hearing, you must understand the basis of the claim and prepare to present your claim.
Having to plow through and understand hundreds or thousands of documents is time-consuming and exasperating. But the payoff comes when you know the real facts and issues and how to prepare, when you can show evidence that supports your perception of how the facts apply to your issues.
Above all, this process provides parents and non-attorney advocates with the tools you can use to avoid case-killer arguments. What are case-killer arguments?
"The evaluator was a bozo"
Anything that looks like Latin and is not a misspelling of a perfectly good word or words.
Finally, may I suggest that learning how to evaluate and use documents takes great patience and discipline? Others can help you with the learning process.
Join organizations like the Council of Parent Attorneys and Advocates (COPAA).
Brice Palmer lives in Benson, Vermont. In addition to his work as an active non-attorney advocate, Mr. Palmer is managing editor of The Beacon and pens Observations from the Transom. | 2019-04-21T14:39:23Z | https://www.harborhouselaw.com/articles/docs.speak.palmer.htm |
Ma cuisine prend toujours en compte l’évolution de la matière et à ce titre je cuisine des poissons et des viandes légères et fondantes. Je poursuis aujourd’hui mes recherches avec le citron noir, à l’origine jaune, qui cuit avec de l’eau et du sucre et évolue jusqu’à obtenir cette couleur noire. Son goût, confit délicatement acidulé, convient parfaitement dans les plats salés comme dans les desserts.
Mixer les deux citrons avec 5 cuillères à soupe d’huile d’olive et 2 pincées de piment d’Espelette. Passer la préparation au tamis pour enlever les impuretés.
Tailler la baguette en deux et faire des tronçons dans la longueur. La faire griller avec un filet d’huile d’olive.
Étaler la pâte à tartiner d’humeur noire sur la baguette grillée et mettre l’anchois par-dessus avant de saupoudrer de sarrasin juste torréfié à la poele.
Servir cette gourmandise à l’apéritif !
Tailler les oignons blancs finement.
Faire fondre le beurre et ajouter les oignons avec la moitié du citron noir et les langues d’oiseaux. Remuer pendant cinq minutes avant d’incorporer petit à petit le bouillon.
Laisser cuire à feu doux en remuant comme un risotto. En fin de cuisson, ajouter l’autre moitié du citron.
Au moment de servir, déposer les champignons de Paris taillés très fin tels quels sur le risotto. Pour accentuer la fraîcheur du citron noir, ajouter quelques herbes fraîches cerfeuil, basilic et persil au dernier moment.
Prendre tous les éléments sauf le citron noir et porter à frémissement. Écumer et laisser infuser pendant une heure.
Pendant ce temps, préparer les verres à dégustation en disposant dans le fond la moitié du citron noir avec de gros croûtons grillés.
Filtrer le bouillon et incorporer l’autre moitié du citron noir, sans troubler le liquide.
Mélanger tous les éléments : les citrons, la carotte, l’échalote, les épaules de lapin, les malaxer et réserver 24 heures au réfrigérateur.
Dans une sauteuse, mettre l’huile d’olive et verser les éléments marinés. Couvrir d’eau et ajouter la cuillère d’Arome Maggi.
Cuire une heure à feu doux. Écumer pour obtenir un bouillon clair.
Servir avec des pommes de terre à chair ferme.
Porter le lait à ébullition avec la vanille et cuire le riz. Lorsque celui-ci commence à éclater, ajouter le sucre et laisser cuire jusqu’à ce que le tout soit homogène. Débarrasser et réserver au frais.
Faire une crème anglaise classique et monter la crème liquide afin qu’elle soit bien ferme.
Prendre le riz et incorporer un peu de crème anglaise et de crème montée doucement.
Au dernier moment ajouter un citron noir écrasé en faisant bien attention aux pépins.
Servir le riz au lait au citron noir accompagné de pistaches caramélisées concassées.
… and it sounds like a nursery rhyme … Barbue, turbot, mackerel whose flesh must remain firm have aroused the spirit of the cook who decided to cook them for a long time. Cooking at 68 ° for more than two long hours for a result of high purity. Stéphane Jego calls it perfect cooking which, applied to a cod back, placed in a dish with a little water, olive oil, a hint of chilli offers a pearly flesh, melting, addictive! As always with the chef, cooking is done without a machine, without artifice, just the taste, the time, the intelligence of the job.
To enjoy at this time, especially at lunch to follow a delicious broth of which Stéphane Jego has the secret and who will demonstrate that he also knows how to make a deliciously light cuisine!
Et Stéphane Jego refuse de céder aux sirènes du design, soucieux de conserver l’esprit et l’histoire du lieu, il revient aux sources de l’Ami Jean et… fait du neuf avec du vieux !
“Bistronomy has as much legitimacy as the Michelin stars restaurants in Paris. We would have liked to showcase the diversity of the bistro: hard-boiled egg on the counter, local flavours, rustic and haute cuisine. All these bistros radiate on the Parisian landscape, but with the exception of the Fooding guide or Parisian boho style, this bistronomy has little success, especially abroad” said Stéphane Jégo.
In 1992, Yves Camdeborde gave birth to the bistronomy in his restaurant, La Régalade, with the desire to change in the face of the Gulf War. A militant act in a world in crisis that screams its hatred and despair. At his level, Yves Camdeborde reacts and gives access to gastronomy through a cuisine that preserves products and techniques from gastronomy, but at the service of a simpler table, more real and more accessible. 25 years later, the crisis is still present, the attacks rise uncertainty and the bistronomy continues in good humour to seduce customers in search of taste, shared meals and friendships.
We count from now on the bistronomes cooks in generations, the first, that of Camdeborde whose first disciples were Stéphane Jégo, Brunot Doucet and Jean-Marc Notelet who trained the younger generation themselves. Everyone claims a bistronomy which has as many bistronomies as there are cooks practicing this cuisine which, and most importantly, is made with the same techniques and the same products as gastronomy in a spirit of simplicity, taste and conviviality. And this is where the bistronomy finds its full meaning, giving to the largest number of people the best of cooking without fuss. To eat is to live, to eat good and healthy food is to recognize beyond pleasure all men and women, farmers, market gardeners, fishermen and breeders without whom nothing would be possible.
In April, Anne Hidalgo, Mayor of Paris, greeted 100 chefs, 100 restaurants, 100 signatures of the Parisian bistronomy. Today, it is a matter of promoting French cuisine in Paris, France and around the entire world. Faced with the crisis, depression and attacks, she wishes to encourage people to go out, seduce tourists with the strong points of France and affirm more than ever, that bistronomy is an element of the economy of the city.
To highlight the bistronomy and its different facets, a collective made up of 7 chefs leads the actions: STÉPHANE JÉGO, BRUNO DOUCET, JEAN-MARC NOTELET, JULIEN DUBOUÉ, DAVID RATHGEBER, PHILIPPE BOURGUIGNON and ALAIN DUCASSE – and they selected a hundred restaurant owners, as an image at a very precise moment the map of the Parisian bistronomy: TATIANA LEVAH, LE SERVANT/SÉBASTIEN GRAVÉ, POTTOKA PARIS/PATRICK CANAL, LES ARTIZANS/ROMAIN TICHENKO, LE GALOPIN/THIERRY BRETON, LA POINTE DU GROIN/IÑAKI AIZPITARTE, LE CHÂTEAUBRIAND/ALESSANDRA MONTAGNE, TEMPERO/BERTRAND GRÉBAUT, CLAMATO/CHRISTIAN ETCHEBEST, LA CANTINE DU TROQUET/SIMON HORWITZ, ELMER/NICOLAS PANDO, COMPTOIR CANAILLES among others.
Therefore, they are 100 restaurants who respect a charter based on French cuisine, fair prices, valorisation of short supply chains and a genuine dialogue with small producers. Each place is embodied by his chef present in his restaurant, the wine list offers variety and quality, and finally, there are chefs in all 20 districts in Paris.
C’est le printemps, tête de thon !
… and the sea shores is calling us! It’s the season for Mediterranean bluefin tuna (whose resource is no longer in danger) which Stéphane Jego appreciates both the thickness and translucence.
Faithful to his convictions, he uses a whole fish, every element will be otherwise eaten! Therefore, the cook bought a 50kg tuna, fished with a rod of course, banded for traceability, which he gauges as a connoisseur before assessing the best way to cut and cook it. And here he is, the cook who throws the fish on the table and mixes it with peas, beans, pods, asparagus playing with green and iodized meat all sprinkled with fresh oregano… that he sets on fire! Symbolic dish that sums up Stéphane Jego’s cuisine, which combines elements worked differently and assembled in a flavored fire. This spring tuna also have a place in the Rossini style dish topped with a slice of melting foie gras, sublimated with beetroot humus made with cumin and citrus mousseline. These are the soft and silky textures subtly distilling flavors in your mouth.
But spring does not stop there and Stéphane Jego (that day…) puts the beautiful asparagus, bitter and powerful, at the heart of the mixtures. As in this slow-cook veal, its smoked Fines (a variety of potatoes), beans, peas, asparagus and raw cultivated mushrooms covered with a delicious little broth scented with Japanese style marinated eel, lemon and calf’s foot! Asparagus still in a fricassee of scallops with onions, croutons and veal juice … the chef intensified the flavors, never too light, to obtain a mixture that reveals the main product of the dish. The cook constructs his dish as an architect, structures his mixtures round a powerful spine, a product sustained from a strong juice, an affirmed broth, and organizes around the flavors that will magnify this framework, to reveal certain aspects and to play with the rough edges. With Stéphane Jégo, there is always a long, worked slow-cooking base that organizes the accompaniments. Each dish fits into a continuum, that of the meal, and tells a facet of the cook’s vision. At dessert, marriage of fruits and vanilla, cream and vanilla ice cream, citrus crumble, fresh strawberries and kumquats … just to leave the memory of a beautiful and joyful moment.
It’s not a good start, Stéphane Jego hates lamb… but he cooks it with such passion that makes it delicious! As usual, he buys the entire animal and he always cooks every part of the lamb, his way of respecting the animal and not waste anything. Especially since his young lambs lived with man during transhumance which adds to their respectability.
The lamb undergoes the test of fire at Ami Jean! Just like the young goat, it is roasted, grilled, braised, preserved …, always keeps its material, the structure of the meat, so much so that the customer eats it with a spoon. Time is the ally of the cook, time without which nothing is possible, time that also allows you to rediscover the flavours of this singular flesh.
Give credit where credit’s due, the lamb and its typical flavours are combined with spring vegetables and flavours which come in particular from Maghreb, and every impulse of the cook creates a new story.
A working lunch? … means combining pleasure and laborious conversation. At all times, contracts are signed at the table or just by leaving, in any case, the meal is related to business.
An appetizer, a dish, a dessert, and it’s promised, there will be only solutions to all the problems you encounter everyday!
Come to work by tasting the menu “business lunch” at soft price (35 euros)!
Stéphane Jégo cooks the entire pig, from head to feet, and he does not hide his passion for this animal that has a bad reputation in France. Maison Meignan is in charge of processing Mayenne-bred suckling pigs and pigs. It supplies L’Ami Jean with ham, pork chops and whole pigs. The family grows biodynamic hay and grain for animals and their crops allow them to be self-sufficient and is therefore a part of a sustainable approach; from rearing to selling passing through the slaughterhouse, everything is based on the welfare of the animal and the taste of its flesh. The pork meat should not be tough, but tender and delicate. Therefore, the meat is pickled like in Northern Belgium where a special technique is used to give this unique flavour which pleases the chef. As it relates to pork fillet and pork loin, our friend Eric Ospital is in charge of them and Carlos is our supplier of cold meats. Evidence of how important pork is in Stéphane Jégo’s eyes. He gets exactly what he wants: a perfect meat with both rustic and sophisticated flavours, from which he uses the main cuts for gourmet recipes and he cooks the rest in casseroles for his traditional bistro recipes.
The pork cuts are cooked whole, they are shown to the client before beginning to cut. An animal is fleshy, we never talk about fat, but we consider the whole animal. This is the reason why Stéphane Jégo confirms that every part of the pig is delicious!
Pork shoulder and pork loin are cooked with carrots, onions, unpeeled garlic and laurel for a long time. Then, they are roasted on a griddle for a second caramelization of the skin until it is puffed. The pork head becomes a terrine, it is cooked in a broth until it is perfectly soft, then it is chopped and set apart in the broth before being processed. This meat can also be enjoyed as it is, meat lovers will love it. Ham is roasted and cooked with carrots, beetroot leaves, cacao and… scorched earth and bacon is eaten with fingers. Peking suckling pig, pork loin and sirloin are usually served with mash potatoes and the meat juice, the fleshy part of the meat is grilled and reveals forgotten flavours.
Pork meat inspires Stéphane Jégo to multiply the ways of magnifying it through bold cooking and associations. In accordance with the codes of French cuisine and bistronomy, he always offers pork on his menu, a meat from respectful farms and slaughterhouses, handled with love and laughter.
Dimanche 16 octobre 2016, aux côtés de chefs engagés, de marques et d’associations, je ratifiais la charte anti-gaspi sur le parvis de l’hôtel de ville en présence de Stéphane Le Foll, Ministre de l’Agriculture, de l’Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt. Le gaspillage alimentaire représente 50kg de nourriture jetée tous les ans par chaque Français. Un impact économique, écologique et éthique qu’il est capital d’enrayer rapidement.
A travers ma cuisine, les cours et ateliers que j’organise pour les adultes et les enfants, je milite naturellement contre le gaspillage alimentaire. Depuis l’enfance, j’ai appris à cuisiner entièrement les légumes du potager familial, de la tige au fruit. Sur le parvis de l’Hôtel de Ville, j’ai expliqué comment faire un fond parfumé à partir d’une carcasse de volaille et des pluches de carottes et d’oignons pour cuire tous ses plats de la semaine. Pour le brunch, c’est une lentille façon garbure préparé dans ce bouillon qui fut servi aux Parisiens.
Continuons la lutte contre le gaspillage alimentaire !
One Monday per month, my daughter Laurine and I would like to invite you to L’Ami Jean to cook and share a diner together with us. At each session, I give a set of cooking tips and tricks, which are easy to do at home: to change your cooking from the ordinary.
If you come for recipes, good luck, they will go very quickly.
Please check the topics for our upcoming cooking workshops and make your reservations on OpnKitchen website.
Warning: the number of places is limited to 8 participants per workshop.
It is a tradition at L’Ami Jean, a tradition that I would like to carry on. Always convivial, more and more opportunities to meet up and share a good glass of wine and delicacies which is the fuel for lively conversations. This is the starting point for “Apéros de l’été indien”. Please check the dates for the evening aperitifs as sometimes throughout the year, I’m less inspired than I would like.
Depending on my inspiration during the day, depending on the season, there are a few things to nibble on. For example, at this season, there is an excellent melon with quail breast served with a blend of delicacy and vegetable, the risoni pasta, gandillas and fried onions, Ospital white ham canapé and scorched earth, grilled aubergine and aubergine or olive mousseline, grilled bacon, buckwheat and scorched earth, bonito fish and its crystal bread, the delicious bloody cherry tomatoes, diced bacon, croutons and buckwheat – not to mention Carlos’ Iberian cold cut and the mythical terrine!
Will you be able to resist? Appointment from Tuesday to Saturday at 7pm.
The meal always starts with a soup, a creamy parmesan soup poured over a fresh side dish that mixes seasonal vegetables, shellfish, herbs, onions and peppers. Every day brings a new inspiration, I made my mixture and I pour it over this parmesan creamy soup that I created in honour of my friend Sébastien Gravé. He loves parmesan so much that he’s been using it in every dish: the starters as well as main dishes, with meat and even fish. He is crazy about parmesan. We often laugh about it together and I wanted to show him what I love to make with parmesan.
Of course, a cream soup made from finely chopped vegetables, to which I often add shellfish, spices, herbs, pepper and a few drops of flavoured oil and that’s all there is to it. In general, I love to reveal the deep flavour of parmesan by serving it with freshness and liveliness and I like to focus on the roundness of the cheese with its floral and iodised notes.
Only a few equipment in my kitchen but lots of preparations, most of which required days or even weeks of maturation, ready to accompany meat or fish. Throughout the year, I concoct unique, delicate, round glazing, with varying degrees of acidity which coat the meat for a unique cooking. Not only glazing, but also, flavoured oils and salts and the famous scorched earth which is incorporated in certain dishes.
It’s almost my signature dish, a recipe that gives a unique flavour to my cuisine: a blend of herbs, grains, vegetables, anything that comes to mind which expresses my feelings, a blend that experiences the heat of the flame, time passing and sublime flavours. In the mouth, it is melting, crispy, crunchy, surprising and above all this combination gives a particular light to each dish, an aromatic grilled flavour that stands as the essence of my cuisine.
Finally, you are still only at the beginning of the story since I love people immensely. Friends come first, from Béarn to Basque Country, my adopted homeland, naturally Yves Camdeborde and Sébastien Gravé, David Toutain, Bruno Doucet, Sébastien de la Borde, Christian Etchebest.
My kitchen staff plays an important role in my life, Yuji, the sous chef, Mario (and his schoolboy pranks), Amandine and Laurent who work in the dining room follow the fast pace and the customers with whom I share conversations… on a long term basis.
That complicity nourishes me and shapes me but it would be nothing without my family that defines me. Their energy allows me to create a cuisine of “controlled chance”, a cuisine that rejects rationalisation and places the staff and the clients on the same level.
I like you to have a good time in my restaurant, a simple and happy moment where you can eat, discuss, exchange and share.
I consider cooking as a physical exercise; my whole body, energy, mind and emotions, every part of my body is focus while cooking. I get involved in the same way with the ingredients and preparations. I enter in a delicate struggle because it is important to know how to accompany a motion but also to create dynamics.
At the serving-hatch, I seize every element, my body is engaged in a continuous movement, as two dishes are never exactly alike and from the same ingredients, I can develop various dishes that emphasize different flavours. This combination also creates feelings of contrasted, insanely soft, sweet and crunchy textures that focus on raw and cooked flavours along with the combinations that I draw up.
It is time for the last gesture, dish presentation: meat or fish, preparations, scorched earth. I combine all these elements in a lively manner, almost in a violent movement to get a generous and spontaneous result.
Intuitive, I tell stories with my cuisine. I am constantly recreating dishes, festive cuisine, that reject habits, tics and routines which is essential to exploring what my imagination suggests. Without limits, I have the appetite for risk, I combine with the Breton forest wild animal environment of my childhood, the rich flavours of the Basque Country and the purity of Asian medicinal cuisine, so as to find and impose my own definition of nature.
Tuesday 21 June 2016, I hosted the Syrian chef Mohamad Elkhaldy in my restaurant and we prepared lunch and dinner menus together.
For a while, I have been involved personally and professionally in integrating people who are in need and I didn’t hesitate a second when it came on to supporting the Refugee Food Festival project. I finally found an opportunity to have a positive experience in this tragic situation. My bistro cuisine fits perfectly with the preparation of a four-hands meal. It is about spontaneous gestures to create a sophisticated cuisine while remaining convivial. Mohamad Elkhaldy is from Damas and he is passionate about cooking. He opened and managed restaurants, taught, presented television programs for the general public. This is why our culinary exchanges were very intense.
Despite the language barriers, when we first met we agreed on a two chef menu which mixes French and Syrian cuisines. A unique menu which combines the two culinary traditions.
This event was created by Food Sweet Food, co-organised with HCR, the UN Refugee Agency and Les Cuistots Migrateurs.
I am Breton by birth and I carried with me the values of boldness and a certain taste for adventure even if my cooking training embodies everything that I would later fight against. Without looking behind, I moved to Paris, met Yves Camdeborde in 1992 and started all over. I fell in love with Basque Country where I discovered well-handled products, learned, dared, composed and then ten years later, I broke my leg. This accident was the only thing that could slow me down, forcing me to relax and… to think. Naturally, this period of transition shaped my future. I did not want to open up a bistro, I did not want to imitate Yves Camdeborde. I did not want to compete for stars, I just wanted to live, to create a place to live in and to offer an excellent cuisine in a bistro, a cuisine worthy of a starred restaurant using the same products and the same suppliers but with different ideas. References ? Camdeborde to whom I am bounded by an unconditional friendship. Another reference is Olympe, a tremendous cook, who during her time, combined excellence with simplicity.
I bought L’Ami Jean in 2004, the oldest Basque establishment located at rue Malar in the 7th district of Paris. Even though the restaurant is under new management, former customers remained loyal. I invested in this kitchen and with the support of my friends, I gave birth to the bistronomy. I created a new culinary programme that adapts the idea of a free, independent, creative and high quality cuisine to broaden access to excellency.
Chandelier, long tables, Basque tablecloths, bricks and wood, red colour everywhere, mirrors, a collection of odd objects to create a warm atmosphere, intermingling conversations and a lively moment in which people can sometimes hear screams from the kitchen.
Over the years, I did not only set up a network made up of suppliers: men and women who till their soils, raise animals, go fishing, hunt and love to eat good food. But also a network of slaughterhouses which are now a matter of widespread debate that, in a normal world, it should not be such a controversial topic. An animal must be respected, whether it is a cow, a lamb or a hare. In addition, fish should not be ill-treated, fishing should be limited and well-managed in sustainable fisheries.
As it relates to vegetables, it should be grown without the use of pesticides or other dangerous product. Harvesting should be done while maintaining the delicacy and fragility of the plant. The taste should be the main concern, therefore, the product should be well handled and harvested only when fully ripe. Either directly or with gourmand suppliers, we share our 3 stars, bistronomy and even more.
My cuisine is based on exceptional products developed by demanding artisans who respect nature. I examine carcasses and flesh. I am very concerned about animal welfare and rebel at the slightest hint of abuse. Additionally, I ensure the freshness and taste of every stem, leaf, vegetable, and fruit. With my obsession for quality and respect of the craft (luxury), I became a real activist. | 2019-04-19T05:04:26Z | http://stephane-jego.com/en/category/contenu/ |
A new Cochrane Review has examined large welfare-to-work studies conducted in North America.
Led by Dr Marcia Gibson from the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, the review looks at a series of welfare-to-work studies, comparing what happened to lone parents who were in welfare-to-work interventions with lone parents who were not.
The review indicates that welfare-to-work interventions probably have little to no effect on the health of lone parents. The study also found that effects on lone parent employment rates were small, as those who were not in the interventions often found work on their own.
The studies included in the Cochrane Review were large welfare-to-work studies, conducted in North America, where welfare reform was implemented in the 1990s.
Although in some countries lawmakers and policy advisors have argued that such policies will have positive health benefits, the Cochrane Review findings indicate that there is probably very little to no effect on health.
Poverty and depression remained high among all participants in the studies analyzed, whether they took part in a welfare to work intervention or not.
Lone parents appear to find work by themselves when jobs are available.
Economic conditions may have a stronger influence on lone parent employment than interventions in the welfare system that mandate employment.
Employment increased both for parents who were in welfare-to-work programmes and those who were not, but income did not increase.
Work on the Cochrane Review “Welfare-to-work interventions and their effects on the mental and physical health of lone parents and their children” was funded by the UK Medical Research Council and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office.
Charles Shey Wiysonge, Director of Cochane South Africa, gave an interview to the World Health Organization Bulletin. Here is a re-post , with premission, from their recent publication.
Charles Shey Wiysonge is devoted to encouraging better use of scientific evidence for health policies and programmes in African countries. He is the director of the South African Cochrane Centre, a unit of the South African Medical Research Council, and a professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at the department of Global Health in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Stellenbosch University in South Africa. He was Chief Research Officer at the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 2006–2007 and a Medical Research Council Africa Fellow at the University of Cape Town (UCT) 2004–2006. In Cameroon, he worked for the National Ministry of Public Health 1998–2004. From 1995 to 1998, he was a physician at the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé, Cameroon. He is a member of several editorial boards and joined the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization in 2016. He graduated in medicine from the University of Yaoundé I in 1995, earned his Master’s degree in epidemiology from Cambridge University in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and a Doctor of Philosophy in vaccinology from UCT.
Q: How did you become interested in medicine and public health?
A: Growing up in Cameroon I wanted to study mathematics and was drawn to complex equations and aeronautics, but people said I should study medicine, so I did. At medical school most students wanted to become clinical specialists, public health was not popular at all. After graduating, several things drew me to public health. I worked as a hospital physician and saw several outbreaks of measles. People used to say “don’t count your children until measles have come and gone.” Children were dying of measles every day. This experience eventually led me to work on immunization. Also, while working in internal medicine, there were several treatment options for hypertension and heart disease. I was not always sure which was the best. That’s when I discovered evidence-based medicine. At that time – around the year 2000 – the Cochrane Collaboration started a new fellowship to train leaders in evidence based medicine from low- and middle income countries. I applied, became the first holder of the award and trained at the Cochrane Centre in Oxford.
Q: What is evidence-based medicine?
A: Research and other evidence are constantly changing and health-care professionals need to keep up with the latest developments so they can offer the interventions that are known to work and not those that are harmful or ineffective. There are many examples of unspeakable and unnecessary suffering resulting from the failure to take an evidence-based approach to clinical care. For example, in 1999 Cochrane researchers did a systematic review to find out whether drugs that inhibited massive calcium influx into cells reduce the risk of death or dependency after stroke. At the time, stroke patients were widely treated with calcium channel blockers. They found no evidence of a beneficial effect. Evidence-based medicine has been defined as the “conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients”, although today, health-care professionals prefer the term “evidence-based health care” for a more holistic approach.
Q: You did not learn about evidence based health care at medical school, is it included in medical curricula today?
A: Some medical and dental schools in South Africa offer separate courses on evidence-based health care, others have embedded the approach in all courses, and some do both. Our Cochrane collaborators at the universities of Calabar in Nigeria and Yaoundé I in Cameroon also offer programmes in the evidence-based approach for physicians. Evidence-based health care is included in the curricula for health-care professionals in these and some other African countries, but more needs to be done at the undergraduate and the postgraduate levels across the continent.
Q: The Cochrane Collaboration prepares and disseminates information on what works and what doesn’t in health care globally. How is the South African Cochrane Centre doing this in Africa?
A: Our centre was set up in 1997 as a unit of the South African Medical Research Council. It is the only Cochrane centre in Africa and has a branch in Nigeria. There is increasing recognition in sub-Saharan African countries, that policy-making should be based on the best available scientific evidence. To this end, we have been training researchers in these countries to do systematic reviews and recently expanded these activities via the recently established Cochrane African Network. The Cochrane Collaboration charges a fee to access its global library of systematic reviews and other evidence. Low-income countries can access this evidence via a special online platform, thanks to the Evidence Aid initiative. In South Africa, free access to the Cochrane Library is now provided by the South African Medical Research Council and we hope other middle-income countries in Africa will follow this model.
Q: Are the Cochrane reviews useful in Africa too, or do countries in Africa need evidence that is tailored to their specific situation?
A: Not all Cochrane reviews are applicable to Africa. Since 2007, the South African Cochrane Centre has collaborated with the Centre for Informed Health Choices in Norway and others to improve the use of reliable research evidence in policy and management decisions in Africa. We found, overall, that most primary studies on health system issues are from high-income countries and that only some of these reviews are applicable in low-income settings, including parts of sub-Saharan Africa. For this reason, reviews that synthesize such studies have limited relevance to Africa, especially those written by researchers with no experience in Africa.
Q: So more research is needed that is specific to sub-Saharan Africa?
A: Our analyses suggest that external partners, rather than national priorities, have driven health research in most African countries over the last two decades. However, we don’t need to re-invent the wheel, as much of the global research evidence is applicable to Africa. A major priority for new research in African countries should therefore be implementation research. This type of research helps us understand which health-care interventions work in specific contexts and which do not, and to test different ways to make health-care more effective. African countries often fail to make optimal use of evidence in decision-making, resulting in unnecessary loss of life, reduced quality of life and lost productivity. An example, is acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) denialism in South Africa from 1998 to 2003, characterized by the refusal to use antiretrovirals for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and treatment. This resulted in a reversal of gains in child survival and life expectancy and the loss of a generation of economically active adults in their prime.
Q: How are you working to make policymakers in Africa more aware of the need to base their health-care decisions on the best available scientific evidence?
A: The use of health research in decision-making in African countries is generally weak. That’s why we advocate for the dissemination and use of evidence, and building partnerships to promote evidence-informed health care in collaboration with decision makers. African countries sometimes develop new guidelines, but often adopt or adapt existing WHO guidelines to suit national contexts. Our analyses of the development or contextualization of guidelines used in African countries reveals deficiencies in the rigour of development and adherence to international reporting standards. We advise countries on how to develop guidelines for their specific national contexts. We try to work with the health ministries through expert groups to encourage governments to base their policies on the best available evidence and we are involved in initiatives, such as the Effective Health Care Research Consortium, an international group with partners in Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa. However, we are limited by financial constraints, as our work does not attract much funding.
Q: What are the barriers stopping African countries from basing their public health policies and practice on the best scientific evidence?
A: There are several barriers. The health research field in Africa is characterized by numerous players, diverse interests, dispersed efforts and uncertain outcomes in relation to its impact on the major health challenges of the continent. For a better understanding and uptake of scientific evidence in health policymaking, we need a stronger research community – research is not well funded or supported in many African countries – and this community needs to forge closer links with policy-makers, programme managers and implementers. Sometimes the evidence is difficult for policy-makers to understand. That’s why we provide easy-to-read summaries for them. Sometimes, policy-makers ignore the evidence because it’s not what they want to hear. For example, the South African Department of Health once asked the South African Cochrane Centre to prepare a review of the evidence on how best to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. But when we gave them the review, they ignored it.
Q: Have you noticed any improvement in the uptake of evidence in health policy-making?
A: We have seen a positive change in attitudes towards the use of evidence in health-care planning. For example, the Paediatric Association of Kenya has been using explicit, transparent guideline development procedures when developing recommendations for the prevention and treatment of childhood conditions for the last decade. Another example is the increasing number of African countries with functioning national immunization technical advisory groups, which provide evidence-based advice to national health authorities on how to implement WHO vaccine policies and recommendations.
Q: How will the conference you are hosting in Cape Town from 13 to 16 September contribute to improving the uptake of scientific evidence in policy-making in Africa?
A: The Cochrane Collaboration holds a colloquium every year. This year will be the first time that Cochrane will be joined by the four other biggest players in evidence-based policy: the Campbell Collaboration, the Johanna Briggs Institute, the Guidelines International Network and the International Society for Evidence based Health Care, to organise the first ever Global Evidence Summit. We are expecting thousands of participants, including those from every health-care discipline and from virtually every country on the continent of Africa. There is strong evidence that such interactive, educational meetings, can help health-care workers improve their performance. Participants will have the chance to learn more about guideline development, using evidence for emerging global health and social crises and how the evidence community can overcome denial of clear scientific findings. We are really excited about this opportunity to highlight the evidencebased approach to policy and practice in health for countries in Africa.
Cochrane Reviews are systematic reviews of research in health care and policy. They are internationally recognized as a high-quality source of evidence for decision-making. They collate and summarize all the best available research evidence on the effects of healthcare interventions or the accuracy of diagnostic tests into a systematic review.
Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews (DTA) provide essential information regarding the accuracy of the available diagnostic tools for key decision makers, including patients, clinicians, guideline developers and researchers.
The purpose of a Cochrane DTA review is very like the purpose of a conventional Cochrane systematic review. Using explicit, transparent, and systematic methods to pool together all the available evidence relevant to a DTA research question, we can obtain more precise estimates of the accuracy of diagnostic tests than single DTA studies alone can provide. Estimates of sensitivity and specificity may also be more generalizable than estimates from single studies.
Cochrane GNOC has recently published its DTA review: Cytology versus HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in the general population.
How important was this Cochrane Review to produce?
Jo Morrison: The review compares the accuracy of two different methods of testing cervical smears in picking up pre-cancerous changes (known as high grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia – HG CIN). Both tests start with a smear test, taken by directly visualising the cervix and using a ‘broom’ or spatula to sweep cells off the cervix. The difference is in what is done with the test once it is in the pot. One test puts cells onto a slide so they can be examined under a microscope and is called cytology, often called a Pap test. The other test takes a sample of cells and checks for the presence of viruses that can lead to pre-cancerous changes in the cervix (HG CIN). These viruses are called high risk Human Papilloma Virus or HR HPV. The test for the virus looks for genetic material (either DNA or RNA depending on the test) using a process called the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and does not rely on someone looking at cells down a microscope.
Kate Sanger: This review is timely, as in the UK it has been announced that testing for HPV as the primary cervical screening test is to be rolled out over the coming years. We are in a position where the implications of this change on the workforce, systems and indeed patients are at the top of the agenda. The aim of the screening programme is to reduce incidence and mortality from cervical cancer through identifying women who are more at risk of the disease and providing treatment where appropriate. The confirmation through this review that screening for HPV is more sensitive and therefore more effective at identifying cases of CIN 2 or greater is extremely welcome and positive.
Jo Morrison: This DTA review found 40 studies comparing the two tests in over 140,000 women who had a smear test. Testing a smear test for HR HPV is less likely to miss HG CIN, as it is a more sensitive test than cytology. However, if the test is positive there is a lower chance that there really is HG CIN, as it is a less specific test. For every 1000 women who had a smear test, 20 actually had HG CIN. Cytology (Pap test) would have correctly identified 12 of these women (but missed 8 women with HG CIN); HPV testing would have correctly identified 16 women (and missed 4). The test is therefore more sensitive and has fewer false negative tests than cytology. However, this increased sensitivity comes at a cost. The HPV test would have suggested that 101 women had HG CIN when in fact they did not, whereas only 29 women would have had an over-call (false positive) with cytology (Pap) testing. This would result in an increase in women needing to be referred to a clinic for colposcopy, were the HPV test used as a stand-alone test, causing increased anxiety for these women. This is because the test is less specific and has more false positive test results than cytology.
Jo Morrison: For the UK, this will mean that we can change the cervical screening programme. Currently all smears are screened for cytology first and those with features of low grade dyskaryosis are ‘triaged’ using HPV testing – those with HR HPV detected are referred to colposcopy. And those with no HR HPV are returned to routine re-call. However, mathematically, it makes more sense to use the most sensitive test (HPV test) up-front and then use cytology on those found to have HR HPV. By introducing a second level test after HPV testing, fewer false positives will be generated and fewer women will require colposcopy than with HPV testing alone. However, this change will have major implications for the screening programme since: 1) more women may be referred to colposcopy; 2) overall many fewer smears will require cytological evaluation. This has repercussions for the current laboratory services, since many fewer cytopathology screeners will be required and the service could be streamlined to only a few laboratories providing this service across the UK (since there are minimum numbers of smears screened per screener to maintain expertise).
World-wide this has major benefits since HPV testing is much more easily deliverable in the developing world that cytological screening, which is where the heaviest burden of disease from cervical cancer lies.
Kate Sanger: For patients, there is a clear need for increased information provision regarding why the changes to the screening programme are beneficial and the different pathways women invited for screening may take depending on the outcome of their initial HPV test. For women testing negative for HPV it is essential that they fully understand the need to continue to attend screening when next invited; greater symptom awareness for all women must also be increased. It is especially important that women who test positive for high risk HPV, but do not have cell changes that require treatment, fully understand what it means, for example with women starting new relationships or who may have multiple sexual partners. This is essential to reduce uncertainty, distress and to ensure being ‘HPV positive’ does not get a negative stigma attached to it. Information and support need to be available to women at every stage with clinicians able to signpost women to external sources.
Nuala Livingstone: Overall, I would consider this evidence to be robust. The review authors have provided detailed, and carefully considered information in this review to assist the user in assessing the ‘robustness’ of the evidence.
Firstly, they assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the QUADAS tool, as recommended by the Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy Working Group. This assessment revealed that most the included studies in this this review were ‘low risk of bias’. Review authors also assessed the quality of the body of evidence for each outcome in the Cochrane review using the GRADE considerations. This assessment considers the methodological quality of the included studies (as assessed by QUADAS) along with the precision, consistency, completeness and applicability of the evidence available. Based on these factors, review authors judged the overall quality of the evidence in this review to range from moderate to high. Evidence was downgraded from ‘high’ to ‘moderate’ quality because the sensitivity values among included studies were slightly inconsistent, with values ranging from 52%-94% for Cytology, and 61% to 100% for HPV testing.
Kate Sanger: It would be interesting to see a breakdown of the research by age group, as women under 25 and over 65 were part of the study and in the UK these women are not invited for screening. Data on women over 65 could contribute to evidence as to whether there should be a consideration of increasing the screening age in the UK. With women under 25 further research into the impact of the HPV vaccination on incidence will be particularly important, especially following the potential introduction of Gardasil 9.
How clinically relevant is it, and how can the evidence be used?
Jo Morrison: This review is highly clinically relevant and affects all women in a screened population – ideally it should be relevant to all women world-wide, since universal cervical screening would be a major contributor to global health and the burden of disease is largely in less developed countries.
What would your message be to clinicians and policy-makers in this area or cervical screening?
Jo Morrison: HPV-testing has increased sensitivity, but less specific than cytology. Used as the up-front test in a two-stage screening test, it has the potential to reduce the number of false-negative tests, thereby reducing the number of ‘interval’ cancers, which are missed by cytologyical screening. There are also potentials for cost savings, although this review did not perform an economic evaluation.
What would your message be to patients?
Nuala Livingstone: The high sensitivity of this test should provide reassurance that a negative result on this test is highly likely to be accurate. This finding is supported by moderate to high quality evidence, which suggests we can be fairly certain in the result. However, a positive result will not necessarily prove to be true.
Jo Morrison: HPV testing is much less likely to miss changes than conventional cytology, although this may come at the price of more women needing referral to colposcopy for someone to look at their cervix and possibly perform biopsies. It is hugely reassuring to have a negative HPV test, since this shows that the risk of having CIN is very low. There is the possibility that the interval between smear tests could be extended, reducing the frequency that women need smears, which nobody enjoys! However, this would need to be tested in a different sort of study than a DTA study.
Jo Morrison: The results of studies comparing screening programmes using conventional cytological screening up-front versus HPV screening up-front are in progress and initial results demonstrate that this is likely to reduce the number of cancers missed by the screening test due to false negative smear results.
Kate Sanger: This review provides evidence which will hopefully increase activity to ensure the roll out of HPV primary in the UK is not delayed. It also provides a range of considerations that policy makers and clinicians need to address to ensure the physical and emotional health of the women in their population is protected. We must however not lose sight that across the UK attendance of screening is in worrying decline and addressing this, regardless of the screening test, must remain a priority.
Nuala Livingstone: The results of this review have provided detailed an important information regarding the statistical evidence available for this research question. However, I would like to see further research that provides information regarding the clinical importance of the evidence, and the long-term implications for women.
Jo Morrison, Nuala Livingstone, Kate Sanger.
Jo, Nuala and Kate’s words stated and expressed in this blog are entirely personal, and do not represent any official views or opinions of Cochrane.
CGNOC's main task is to facilitate the identification of reports of controlled clinical trials and to carry out systematic reviews which are then published on the Cochrane Library. The reviews are updated as new evidence is identified. This ensures that Cochrane reviews are relevant, useful, usable and used.
August 2017: The Cochrane Official Blog is curated and maintained by the Communications & External Affairs Department. To submit items for publication to the blog or to add comments to a blog, please email [email protected].
Cochrane Norway and the Norwegian Satellite of the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) review group, which has the responsibility for developing systematic reviews of interventions to improve health systems are seeking a full-time statistician. Closing date for applications is 1 September.
For complete information on the job and how to apply, read more at the Norwegian Insitute of Public Health websbite.
Cancer Council NSW is seeking a Systematic Reviewer to join their Cancer Research Division on a two-year, full-time contract. Closing date for applications is 15 August.
For complete information on the job and how to apply, read more at the Cancer Council site.
Cochrane UK is seeking an organized and enthusiastic individual to join our small, friendly team at the UK Cochrane Centre in the role of Events and Office Coordinator. This is an exciting time to join us, as we are organizing a global healthcare evidence conference for 1200 delegates in September 2018. This role is vital to the organization of the event and offers an opportunity, as a 14-month post, to organize and deliver an inspiring and successful conference.
Main responsibilities include day-to-day running of the office, coordination of our training programmes, diary management and events organization.
This is a full-time maternity cover band 5, NHS employed position, based in Summertown, Oxford. It would suit a highly motivated individual, with previous experience in organising events, who works well as part of a team, is adaptable, enjoys communicating with a wide range of people and is keen to contribute to a global effort to produce reliable, accessible healthcare evidence.
Cochrane UK is one of 14 Cochrane Centres around the world supporting the global work of Cochrane. Cochrane UK is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and hosted by the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust. The centre supports the production of Cochrane systematic reviews through a learning and development programme. We also aim to maximize the impact of Cochrane reviews by disseminating the findings widely to health professionals, researchers, commissioners, the public, charities and the media, through social media, events, presentations and partnerships.
For additional details and to apply, see posting on the Oxford Univerity Hospital.
Cochrane is a global independent network of researchers, professionals, patients, carers, and people interested in health. Cochrane produces reviews which study all of the best available evidence generated through research and make it easier to inform decisions about health. Find out more at www.cochrane.org or follow on twitter @cochranecollab. The Cochrane Library is published by Wiley.
The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) is an internationally recognised centre of excellence for research in tropical diseases. This includes the Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Global Health, which houses the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group (CIDG), one of the first Cochrane Groups and highly successful, and well known for its exacting standards.
As the Managing Editor of CIDG you will help organize review production across over 600 authors from some 52 countries. These reviews are around the effects of healthcare interventions for infectious diseases, particularly malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhoea, tropical diseases and HIV/AIDS. You will be interacting with Editors from CIDG of international repute, working closely with the dynamic team of in-house researchers, administrators and communication specialists as well as authors and partners who are part of the Effective Health Care Research Programme Consortium. You will also be the link between the existing and potential authors who need support for the Cochrane Reviews. As a representative of CIDG, you will participate in events and working groups and ensure that developments on both sides are communicated and updated. You will be responsible for the day to day management of the CIDG Editorial team in addition to implementing the CIDG strategic plan.
It is essential for this role that you possess a postgraduate degree in biomedical science or a health-related subject, with proven experience in writing up medical or biomedical scientific research clearly and concisely. If you have been involved in working with Cochrane Reviews, or systematic reviews, and have experience of technical editing; including copy editing/proof reading in medicine or biomedical science, it will also be an added advantage. Given the wide scope in people management and interactions, the job holder must have worked with and managed teams from diverse backgrounds and qualifications. The successful candidate must be able to demonstrate scientific writing skills, have advanced IT and excellent project management skills, as well as the ability to adapt to new software. Given the nature of the role, you must be able to travel nationally and internationally.
Latest evidence published in the Cochrane Library suggests that taking vitamin supplements, such as vitamin E or beta-carotene, may not prevent the common eye disease age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
There are numerous unanswered questions in the prevention of AMD. There has been a growing perception amongst eyecare professionals that taking vitamin supplements - in particular, antioxidant supplements such as lutein and zeaxanthin - may protect patients against the onset of the eye disease.
A team of Cochrane researchers conducted a study to assess whether taking antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements prevents the development of AMD.
They collected and analysed data from five studies involving men and women from Australia, USA, and Finland.
This is a topic that is currently of much interest to people in the general population. The review was last updated in 2012 and we knew that there were new studies available.
We found five large studies that compared taking vitamin E, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and multivitamin with taking a placebo in people in the general population.
People taking these supplements had a similar chance of developing AMD compared with people not taking the supplements. We did not find any relevant studies of lutein and zeaxanthin in the general population.
If you are healthy, with a healthy diet, and you do not have problems with your eyes, then taking vitamin supplements is not necessary.
The evidence is robust. The studies were large (more than 75,000 people) and were well conducted. There is an evidence gap for whether or not to take lutein or zeaxanthin to prevent AMD.
Be aware that there is no evidence that antioxidant supplements prevent AMD.
What would your message be to patients already taking vitamin supplements to prevent AMD?
The decision as to whether or not to take vitamin supplements is up to you. Vitamin supplements are generally regarded as safe. You may wish to discuss these again at your next visit to your eyecare practitioner.
What does this mean for patients who think they are at higher risk of contracting the disease?
The decision as to whether or not to take these supplements is up to you. If you choose not to take them, you are unlikely to be putting yourself at greater risk of developing AMD.
It would be good to have a large trial comparing lutein and zeaxanthin with taking no supplement in people who have not yet developed AMD. The aim would be to see whether taking supplements reduces the chance of developing this condition.
Martin Burton has been appointed by the Board as its Co-Chair for a term of two years. Martin served as a member of the Board until this month, and already has substantial leadership experience in Cochrane as Director of Cochrane UK and Co-ordinating Editor of the Cochrane Ear Nose & Throat Review Group. Martin is based in Oxford, UK, and will share chairing duties with Cindy Farquhar, who is Co-ordinating Editor of the Gynaecology and Fertility Review Group, and is based in Auckland, New Zealand.
Tracey Howe - director of the Cochrane Global Ageing Field and based in Glasgow, UK.
Joerg Meerpohl - serving Board member who has now been re-elected. Co-Director of Cochrane Germany and based in Freiburg, Germany.
David Hammerstein Mintz - civil society advocate for the Commons Network, an organization that he co-founded, former Member of the European Parliament and based in Valencia, Spain.
Rae Lamb - Aged Care Complaints Commissioner for Australia and has a background in health journalism and health services research; based in Melbourne.
Cochrane congratulates and welcomes the new members and extends its grateful thanks to Lisa Bero, outgoing Co-Chair; and Mona Nasser and Denise Thomson, outgoing Board members, for their outstanding contributions to Cochrane as members of the Board.
Cochrane and the Guidelines International Network (G-I-N) have been formal partners since 2014. We work together collaboratively to ensure that evidence is both useful and used by people making decisions about health, from individuals to clinicians to international health policy-makers from all over the world.
The latest collaboration between Cochrane and G-I-N is a new release of Cochrane's TaskExchange platform, which extends TaskExchange's remit to include tasks related to developing guidelines.
For more information, please see the full update, including a video presenting the partnership, on the Cochrane Community site.
This role is an exciting opportunity to use your administration experience to make a difference in the field of health care research.
Working as part of a team, the Administrator will handle a variety of office support tasks such as servicing meetings, making travel arrangements, diary management and maintaining electronic records. The role also includes dedicated support for our External Affairs team, administering funding applications, maintaining donor reports and managing contact databases.
Intermediate level IT skills, including Word, Excel and PowerPoint.
A flexible approach with the ability to respond quickly to issues as they arise.
A pro-active approach to problem-solving.
Cochrane is a global, independent network of health practitioners, researchers, patient advocates and others, responding to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesizing research findings to produce the best available evidence on what can work, what might harm and where more research is needed. Our work is recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information. An understanding of Cochrane’s work and the healthcare charity sector more generally is an advantage, but not essential.
If you would like to apply for this position, please send a CV along with a supporting statement to [email protected] with ‘Administrator’ in the subject line. The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements for the post outlined in the job description using specific examples. List your experience, achievements, knowledge, personal qualities, and skills which you feel are relevant to the post.
Recent injuries in two major sporting events: Wimbledon and the Tour de France. Helen Handoll, Co-ordinating Editor of Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma and Senior Reserarch Fellow at Teeside Univerity, takes a look at sports injuries and evidence. Dr Handoll research interests focus on getting the evidence to inform the management of people with hip, shoulder and wrist fractures, either via primary research or conducting Cochrane systematic reviews.
Wimbledon is upon us – yippee for all tennis fans – and the spectre of sports injury is on Centre Court. Two matches stopped early for leg injuries, with some grumblings over whether they should have started in the first place. The various pressures on sportsmen and women to play despite injury have been highlighted. Even being on court can be bruising, with one line judge being struck by the ball three times during one match.
Dementia is the focus of a blog series running throughout July on Evidently Cochrane . Many of us are caring for a family member with dementia, know someone with dementia, or may be looking ahead to our own futures, perhaps wondering what we could do to avoid or delay developing dementia ourselves. There are also many working in health and social care, and numerous third sector organisations, looking after and supporting people with dementia; and researchers working to change the future of dementia. There can’t be very many of us not touched by dementia in some way.
Dementia in the spotlight: Evidence and Experience. An introduction to the blog series.
I have dementia and I take part in research. Here’s why. Patient with young onset dementia writes about taking part in dementia research, being valued, and opportunities to change the future.
Rivastigmine reviewed: doubts about dementia drug. Care home nurse reflects on Cochrane evidence on rivastigmine and the use of this drug in practice.
This year is the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the firstCochranecentre in Spain. It was founded in 1997 as the Spanish Cochrane Centre and was located at the Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí in Sabadell. On 2000,thecentre was renamed as Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre (IbCC) and has continued its activity at its current headquarters in the Hospital de la SantaCreui Sant Pau in Barcelona.
To celebrate this 20years of history, the centrehelda Conference on May, 24thand 25th –within the framework of CIBERESP– to observe the different aspects related to this initiative and to offer training activities. The conference was held in the Casa de Convalescencia, one of the Art Nouveau venues of the hospital, and Mark Wilson participated in the opening of the event together with Jaime Kulisevsky (Director of the Biomedicinal Research Institute Sant Pau), and Xavier Bonfill (Director of the Iberoamerican Cochrane Network). The projection of two videos, from Elena Andradas (Director of Public Health, Quality and Innovation, Spanish Ministry of Health) and from a representative of the Spanish Organisation of Consumers and Users, completed the opening.
The topics of the different panel discussions held the first day of the event were “How are the systematic reviews needed today and how can we use them better?”–with the participation of Karla Soares (Deputy Editor in Chief) talking about new horizons of Cochrane reviews–, “Methodological tools to answer research questions”; and several Systematic Reviews experiences.
On May, 25th there were several workshops about GRADE and Systematic Reviews –free under registration– taught by members of the Iberoamerican Cochrane Network.
Furthermore, the evening before the Conference, the former and current IbCN staff threw a party to celebrate the anniversary. The event included different types of musical and comedy performances. Some of our former staff members and friends contributed to this lovely evening by sending their greetings via video from all over the world.
Associate Professor Julian Elliott from Cochrane Australia in the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine at Monash University has been awarded the prestigious Commonwealth Health Minister’s Award for Excellence in Health and Medical Research 2017 at a ceremony in Melbourne last night. The medal is bestowed annually to the top-ranked Career Development Fellowship applicant through the National Health and Medical Research Council.
A Career Development Fellowship (CDF) is a highly competitive, four-year fellowship that supports the most outstanding early- to mid-career health and medical researchers. The medal for best application comes with an additional $50,000 research grant to be used by Associate Professor Elliott on top of his CDF funding.
Associate Professor Elliott’s work focusses on methods and systems to successfully gather, process and meta-analyse all research data relevant to a particular health question. This includes the development of ‘living’ systematic reviews – high quality summaries of research that are updated whenever new research is produced. These systems incorporate text mining, artificial intelligence, online software platforms, and ‘citizen science’.
For example, Covidence is a software platform that is used around the world to produce systematic reviews; and Cochrane Crowd is a citizen science platform with over 5,000 members. This platform has demonstrated that given appropriate training, members of the public can accurately identify scientific research papers that can be incorporated into systematic reviews. Such reviews often inform critical government funding and approval decisions.
Associate Professor Elliott has over 90 publications including papers in leading scientific journals such as Nature, Lancet and PLOS Medicine. In the last five years he has been a chief investigator on 20 grants totalling over $8million. | 2019-04-23T08:11:57Z | https://croatia.cochrane.org/hr/aggregator/sources/1?page=21 |
Lani is blessed with the Chaktawe height and the Eypharian beauty. She stands at a height of five feet, eight inches tall, with the bronzed skin of the Chaktawe, gilded with the faint shimmer of the Eypharian. Lani has long straight black hair, which matches her pitch black eyes. High cheek bones and clear skin make her face pleasant to look at despite her unfamiliar eyes. She is lithe and lean, and while she does not possess substantial muscle, she is used to acrobatic and endurance work which keeps her muscles toned. Her Eypharian side has blessed with an exotic attractiveness not commonly seen in Kalea, a perception that Lani doesn't hold of herself.
Although she does not have the multiple arms the Eypharian, she did inherit the thick padded feet of the Chaktawe, which means she won’t wear shoes, if she can help it. Since coming to Wind Reach, she has taken to their clothing style, often found in the typical Bryda, Vinati, and Katinu. Even still she prefers to wear black clothing, or very dark colors. Except when working Lani always has her Talon Sword at her hip, as she is growing used to the weight and familiarity of the weapon. Still, this does not make Lani a terribly intimidating figure, and so she is often not perceived as a threat. Lani traditionally wears her hair down and flat although she has taken to adding small braids into her hair similar to the Inarta. Recently a close friend of hers has encouraged her to add decorations to her hair and so she can sometimes be seen with a roughly hand-carved bead and a feather or two as a way to further assimilate to Inarta culture.
What makes Chaktawe exceptional trackers, though, is their most subtle feature: the black, freckle like marks on their fingertips. These dots resemble large pores and are filled with a strange gel like substance beneath the skin. Through these dots, the Chaktawe can sense disturbances in the air caused by movement. The faster and more pronounced the movement, the more easily it is transmitted through the air and to the Chaktawe's senses. The range for this sense is around thirty feet, but for Lani is only fifteen feet. The Chaktawe can roughly discern the direction the movement came from, and the relative size of the object from the amount of energy it expels. The skill is most commonly used to find running water.
A feature unique to the Eypharians are glands on either side of the base of the neck that excrete pleasant smelling pheromones. Physically, the glands produce a small amount of what can appear to be sweat at the base of the neck. On the surface of the skin, the small glands on either side of the neck are invisible, though with pressure applied to the area, it is possible to feel the sacs nestled under the skin just above the clavicle. Each gland is the size of a large peanut and feels soft and malleable. During high pheromone production, the skin of the neck may feel moist, but it is difficult to detect gland activity visually. On an average day, pheromone production will only result in the Eypharian simply smelling pleasant. However, many factors can change pheromone production or their scent. In females, production is at its height during ovulation, to the point where it is as noticeable as strong perfume. This period lasts 3-5 out of every 28 days and is as regular as the women’s menstrual cycle. During pregnancy, female pheromones continue production, but at a lower rate and slightly different in smell, which reverts to normal levels after birth. In males and females, sweat will not increase pheromone production, but existing pheromones will smell stronger, combined with the scent of typical body odor. Immediately after washing, particularly if the glandular area is scrubbed, pheromone production will be low and the scent almost non-existent. During sexual arousal, pheromone production may increase, though how much varies from person to person.
For the duration between the 16th of Fall and the 79th of Fall in the year of 518AV, Lani had the ability to assume a Kelvic form. She was bestowed with this ability by a star that fell during Leth's domain, and her Kelvic form was that of a Jackal. Her time with this ability is documented in 'Song for the Sky'.
Last edited by Lani Stranger on March 3rd, 2019, 2:03 am, edited 51 times in total.
Lani is not a shy person. She has been known to be quick to temper, callous, and aloof. But Lani can also be considered a fun person, she is reckless and a little too friendly, partially because she does not put a lot of weight into what people say. When she first meets someone or is uncomfortable with them, Lani presents the version of herself that she thinks the person she is talking to would find most pleasing. She finds it gets her foot in the door often, and because of her nomadic nature, it has rarely come with consequences. Once she is comfortable with someone, which tends to be a little more rare, she has a habit of making uncomfortable jokes and prodding teases towards them. This tends to drive away those who might break her distant behavior and actually become close with her, which does not help her odds of making friends. This is because Lani doesn’t usually take the words of others seriously, and assume that they do the same. She has a keen eye for actions and results, which is how she judges the character of others. This has made her fairly resilient against the words of others but has also gotten her in a fair bit of trouble, however it is an aspect of her personality she is fairly unaware of and so will not change in the near future.
Despite her stark inability to connect with others, Lani considers people friends quickly and has many whom she would call dear, but the depth of her relationships with people are quite shallow in comparison to anyone else’s. Although she enjoys the company of others, she makes a terrible team player because she does not function with the thoughts of others in her mind. It is selfish, but it is also very effective and self-preserving. This trait may be attributed to the fact that she lives her life mostly unattached, without even the foundations of a single city she considers to be home. Lani is a travelling soul and unless the people in her life can keep up with her, they will be left behind when she moves on. Lani has no problem picking up and leaving on a moment's notice, not matter how good it is where she is. It is the product of her childhood, she had spent her whole life being moved by others, and now that she has the chance to stay put, she can't.
The determination and discipline she shows for the things she is passionate about is unparalleled. To this day no person has held her interest nearly as much as magic, language, or lost knowledge has, but the possibility is there. She travels with no destination in mind, and although she has picked up a wide variety of knowledge in her life she had focused on very few things. Magic, language, and religion are among some of her most driving passions, although between the necessity of survival and the dangers of travel, she rarely has time to focus on them as much as she would have liked to. However whenever she manages to stabilize her situation in a new city, her drive for those things mounts and grows until it consumes her. Her pursuit of knowledge will always come before any person she loves, a lesson taught to her by her mad mother.
Lani was born a nameless child. With a mother that was far too young and a father that never even knew of her existence, Lani was born out of shame. The young Chaktawe mother did not tell her parents her relations in Ahnatep. And the young Eypharian who was rising in the ranks under his father, had no time to deal with the result of his promiscuous nature. And so after a grueling birth, the nameless child was abandoned at the docks. An unsanctioned birth was illegal in the city, and if her mother had been found out, it could be her life on the line.
In what could only be described as fate, the child only cried for a few hours before being found. An Akalak man, by the name of Gerou, had found her. He named her Jenoy, although Lani remembers little of this name and time. For a reason that none of his shipmates could fathom he decided to take Jenoy back to Riverfall with him. He had hired a wet nurse, and raised her to a toddling age. He did, in fact have a reason. A dear old friend of his, a Konti by the name of R’yse, had yearned for a child of her own. Cursed by any means, but especially so by the binary races, R’yse could not conceive to full term. The gentle Konti took the nameless child on her travels across Mizahar, renaming her Leavou, supposedly after an ancestor of hers. R'yse raised Leavou in Alvadas, where the misfit family could feel at home in the misfit city. The Konti was a traveling mage, although she had always kept the child in the dark about what she was looking for.
When Leavou was ten years old, the mother and daughter pair traveled to Lhavit. R'yse was trying to learn magics from the Houses in the city, and Leavou was allowed more freedom and access to magic than ever before. But R'yse changed, she was kicked out of the academies, and wanted to leave the city that Leavou had grown to love. Leavou knew that she would go with the mother figure she had always known to be kind and loving. For two years they traveled together once again, and Leavou realized that R’yse had changed. She had become colder, irrational, and less compassionate.
Something had changed in the kind Konti who adopted her. Something had made the woman short tempered, paranoid, and very scary. Leavou soon figured out it was her overgiving of magic, which forced her to leave Lhavit. R’yse took them to the Taldera wilds in the hopes of finding the Jamoura, with the expectation they would help. Still sane, Leavou realized this was a silly idea, and attempted to stop R’yse. Still, they made it, or at least most way. Because of R’yse’s insanity, the caravan they traveled with grew impatient. The wilderness guide, Quett, told them that the Spires would not reveal itself to those who could harm it. They camped for weeks, waiting for the city to reveal itself, but it remained hidden. But the caravan could not remain in the wild for too long, it was dangerous. It was a difficult decision, but ultimately one that had to be made, R’yse had to go. Quett understood that Leavou was only a child and not to blame for her mother’s overgiving, but the rest of the group wanted them both gone. R’yse fought the exile, and had to be subdued, left on the trail with few supplies for survival.
Within two days the Spires revealed itself to the caravan, and as they entered the beautiful city of the Jamoura, Leavou realized that she was alone. She had spent her life traveling, and at sixteen she was all alone in a strange city, among creatures who didn’t pay attention to her life, which spanned a mere fraction of theirs. But it turned out, she was not entirely alone. Quett had chosen to take her in. He did not pose a fatherly figure, and although he was warm, she did not feel the connection she did with R’yse or the old lady. Quett taught her about animals and plants, the Gods, and that magic was dangerous, but not necessarily bad, one just had to be careful. His family was kind to her, supported her name change to Lani, and she was able to live a fairly stable life until she turned twenty. The four years she spent in the spires was a mere moment in the Jamoura’s life, however it was time to move on. She wanted to find religion, to find knowledge and to learn things, and as far as she knew, Zeltiva was where she could do it.
After spending some time in Zeltiva, Lani returned home to Kalea, she stayed in Alvadas before deciding to return back to the Spires. She would have to travel up through Wind Reach and Anvathal to make it safely, but that was a journey she was willing to take. She had chosen to devote herself to Aquiras more than she had ever before, and intended to learn magic like her mother, but do it safely.
R’yse was born in Mura like most Konti. She craved knowledge from a young age and was encouraged by her mother to study and travel. She went to Riverfall often in her life, forging relationships there, and for the longest time all she wanted was a child and a family, to live a happy life in Mura or Riverfall. She fell in love with a sweet Akalak sailor named Gerou. He was stable and providing and kind, and for years they tried and tried to conceive, unable to carry a child to full term. Within time she grew colder and more removed from him, the continuous heartbreak of losing children growing to be too large of a strain on their relationship. Eventually, she could not take it any longer and left him.
R’yse decided to travel to Alvadas, always having wondered of the mysteries of Kalea, and hoping this would be where she could hone her magic skills. There, she learned that Alvadas was not as open to magic as she would have hoped, but she stayed, finding herself fascinated with the genderless Ionu. After a few years, Gerou contacted her once more, speaking of a child which she could raise. He had raised the child to a toddling age, but found no room in his life for her, and wanted to gift the misfit to his old love. Jumping on the opportunity, R’yse took the child back to Alvadas with her, naming her Leavou and raising her to appreciate the illusioning God as well.
As the child grew, Leavou took her with her on her pursuit of the lost knowledge of ancient magics. She did not tell Leavou this was her journey’s purpose, and took them to Lhavit to begin her search there. Learning magic was dangerous though, and her over eagerness lead to a drastic fate of overgiving. Little by little, against the advice of her peers, R’yse attempted to learn these strange magics through meditation and the experimentation of her own Djed. Except she was not a powerful enough mage to do it, and fell into a bout of insanity, getting her removed from the tutoring of the Towers.
For two years she dragged Leavou through the wilderness, from city to city until she heard rumors of The Spires, and the wise Jamoura, and even in her unstable mind, hoped to find help with them. Together Leavou and R’yse made it nearly to the city, before a guide discovered The Spires would not reveal itself to R’yse, or those travelling with her, for she posed a danger to the community with her instable thoughts and power. Breaking the hearts of them both, Leavou chose to leave R’yse in the wilderness for the benefit of the traveling caravan, and within days of being alone in the Autumn Talderan wilderness, R’yse perished to the creatures there, ending her life and her insane journey to uncover lost knowledge.
Madeira was Lani's childhood playmate. They met on the streets of Alvadas, before either of their lives got complicated, and so she rests in a special place in Lani's heart, untainted by the struggle and pain that life had brought them. She reconnected with Mads via letters beginning in Fall 518AV, and has begun considering Madeira a friend again, because of her fond memories of their childhood relationship, and the ease with which they've been able to communicate with one another as adults.
Narth is a calm and easy going guy. He is known for his quick wit, and ability to diffuse most tensions. Although he is known for using words instead of fists, he is a formidable force when required. Narth is more apt to rush to a stranger’s aide than most Endal, and has earned a reputation for being too familiar with outside races. He focuses his skills and help on medicine and had found his calling with the White Owls, taking to leadership among them natural. He always works with the benefit of Wind Reach in mind.
Narth met Lani when the sky fell in Fall of 518AV. Having witnessed her picking up the star and the progression of how it affected her, the kind-hearted Endal took to curiously following the foreigner. Even though he is an oddity among his own people, Narth is still Inarta and found his curiosity over Lani manifesting into lust for the exotic woman. Within time Lani found herself in Narth's bed more than once, despite his lack of affection for her. She is getting used to the non-monogamous ways of the Inarta and getting used to the not-relationship she has with the Endal, but Narth still remains one of the four people in Wind Reach that the half-Eypharian counts as a friend.
Last edited by Lani Stranger on April 16th, 2019, 6:59 am, edited 19 times in total.
≻ A First Phrase: Abase abast isikai. Nadert vinotl, nadert zapa.
Last edited by Lani Stranger on April 16th, 2019, 5:18 am, edited 43 times in total.
≻ Madeira's Amulet: Enclosed in a sturdy scrollcase, there is a narrow black package. Inside, nestled in black velvet, is a long fine gold chain with a 200 carat fire opal pendant polished into the shape of a heart (Acquisition).
≻ Medallion of Qalaya: It is a nice pendant made of gold with Qalaya's emblem etched upon it. It is good for a one time use where if you pray to Qalaya, the Goddess herself will appear before you and hold a conversation with you. This must be a moderated scene, with a local DS or higher (Permission, Acquisition).
Description: The surface of this small, silver key is crackled with lines of starfire. Set in the bow of the key is a tiny pearl shaped vaguely like a wolf or maybe, jackal. Other than being cool to the touch, weighing nothing and looking quite unique, the key seems to have little other purpose; it fits no particular lock. From sundown to sunrise, when Leth rules the skies, the key’s true power can be activated. Holding the key and turning it in an imaginary lock while focusing on the feelings experienced during the change caused by the Falling Skies, will open a silver doorway in the fabric of reality. The process is not instantaneous and takes a few moments to get the thoughts and feelings aligned right to activate. Nothing can be seen without entering other than a shimmering silver portal hovering in place. Stepping through the doorway, Lani will enter a completely different place.
Abstract: No matter where she was before, she will step into a vast desert surrounding a set of ancient stone ruins and a tiny oasis which Lani finds herself in the middle of. The night sky is filled with stars and the moon sits on the horizon as an unimaginably huge semi-circle; the rest of it still not having rose above the horizon line. The air is cool, crisp but not uncomfortable. If anything, it fills Lani with a strange sense of comfort; of belonging. It’s a feeling that diminishes her desire to keep moving on. There is the lightest of a breeze which carries with it the slight scent of flowers. The ruins are made up of broken pillars that surround a small stone lined pool of water. On the pillars there are symbols but every time Lani tries to decipher them, they become blurry and impossible to make out. There are some small desert flowers and patches of grass dotting the sand around the ruins.
The ruined pillars are arranged in a circle and look as though they may have once held a roof with the pool of water sitting in the center of the small structure. The ruined pillars surround the pillar in a 30-foot radius although Lani is blocked from moving very far from the pool by an invisible barrier that no amount of effort will break. 10-foot by 10-foot space that includes the pool is the only space available. The pool itself is filled with crystal clear water. It is three feet in diameter and two feet thick. The water level never drops and the water is cool and refreshing.
This place is similar to one that can be created through the use of Dominion although far more limited. It acts as a safe, quiet, peaceful place where Lani can escape to reflect on any and all aspects of existence that may concern her. While it is influenced by Leth, the space is also something of a reflection of Lani. While in the space, the only distractions are what Lani brings with her. It is the perfect place for meditation, reflection and deep thinking and prayer. Items from the outside world can be brought into the space but as it is only a 10 x 10-foot space, it can get cluttered quickly. Plus, there is the pool which is three feet in diameter. Note that intentional damage to any existing part of the space will force Lani to be ejected from it with her key unable to ever open the doorway again.
A single other person may be brought into the space as long as they are in physical contact with Lani when she enters the doorway and only if she willfully wishes them to enter. The doorway will not allow anyone not allowed by Lani. Possession of the key and use of the space does not grant any knowledge or use of Dominon. The key can only be used by Lani. If it is lost or stolen, it will return to Lani upon the next moonrise. If it is given away, it loses its power completely and will not return to Lani. The doorway vanishes after entering or exiting the space and the key must be used again to open the door once more.
Description: Roughly the size of large grapefruit, this perfectly round crystalline balls has a slight red tint to it. If dropped it can be broken. The sphere should be carried in a padded velvet bag and cleaned periodically. Exposure to heat, rough treatment, extreme weather, and caustic liquid can damage them. Lani stores the sphere in a padded velvet chest inside her Starfire Room.
Abstract: This Pre-Valterrian Sphere will translate any writing or etching into 'readable' script the owner knows when gazed through to view the writing or etching. This will work on runes, engravings on ancient temples, almost anything. This item has no time limit or use limit per day. There is no activation mechanism. Simply looking through the sphere causes it to work.
Acquisition: This item has not yet been acquired in thread.
Description: On her right thumb, Lani wears a small thin gold band. It is a rather unassuming ring with a ruby stone fitted into the side of it. Because of how often Lani plays with it, it is rare that the stone faces up for one to recognize. Although she is not one to wear obviously expensive jewelry, the gold band almost blends into her gold gilded Eypharian skin, and so does not draw too much attention to her usual mundane attire.
Abstract: When you pick it up and slide it on your finger, you will know instantly what it is for. It will be like someone stood there and told you, but you will not remember that happening. If you take it off immediately, nothing will happen. But if you leave it on, it will activate for its once-per-season usage then and there. What the Ring of Transference does is allow you to take one skill you know well (say a high level skill) and transfer that knowledge for a 24 hour period of time once per season to another skill you already know at the level of the first skill. The second skill acquires the first skills stats, while the first skill acquires the stats of the second skill. You are in essence flip-flopping one set of stats for 24 hrs.
For example, say you have a 76 in Glassblowing. Once per season for a 24 hr period of time, you can transfer that 76 in Glassblowing to Great Axe which is normally only a 15. You do this by sliding the ring on your finger and leaving it there in which it will activate and concentrating on the two skills you want to 'transfer'. The first skill, Glassblowing, will only be at a 15 for the period that its skill set transfers to Great Axe. This must be used for skills you already have.
Abstract: This multi-colored trident looks to be carved from living coral. The trident chooses its owner and once it does, it cannot be touched by anyone the owner doesn’t wish to. In the hands of the chosen, the trident feels smooth and cool to the touch. To those who are not allowed to touch it, the trident will scrape and scar the hands of the offender regardless of hand protection. In the hands of the chosen, the trident grants the temporary ability to waterbreath for up to 4 bells, once per day. It also grants an animal husbandry bonus of 10 specifically for dealing with aquatic life. This means there is a 1D100 + 10 chance that mundane, aquatic-based life will not harm the chosen. The chosen also need not fear staying hydrated while wielding the trident; simply holding it for a few moments is equal to drinking a good helping of fresh water.
Last edited by Lani Stranger on April 16th, 2019, 4:55 am, edited 39 times in total.
≻ What can be lost but never found again? | 2019-04-23T02:30:17Z | http://www.mizahar.com/forums/topic47756.html |
And not necessarily in that order!
It seems the odds are against us moving sooner, doesn't it? Just because it feels onerous doesn't mean I should drop my quest, right?
Things don't always fall perfectly into place when we follow the Lord's will. Remember Job from the Bible Stories? He was favored of the Lord, yet, he faced many trials. Though we can't compare to Job to his degree of struggles, we can with the fact that we strive to honor Heavenly Father and are still grappling with our new pathway.
Things here at home haven't been easy. Some things have actually become more difficult and I'm faced with having to decide what needs to be done--and soon. Once I do, I take that to the Lord and then make my choice. Some of these are tough! But standing from distant point, I can see how it could lead to a better circumstance than if I had ignored my difficulties.
So we have decided to have a yardsale. Yes, even after I read the Yardsale Queen's awesome tips! The kidlets were NOT intimidated. Impressive... I spent the day hanging every article of clothing after having washed them a week before. I was shocked when I saw that the amount of clothes only filled half the size of a 6 foot closet. Here I thought we had more! Maybe with the baby clothes ... and there are a lot! I just need hangers for those.
Ether 12: 27 And if men come unto me I will show unto them their weakness. I give unto men weakness that they may be humble; and my grace is sufficient for all men that humble themselves before me; for if they humble themselves before me, and have faith in me, then will I make weak things become strong unto them.
Little did I know how true it would become later that evening. One of my weaknesses is all consuming: it affects my mental state, our finances, my family, our resources, my time, and my daughter's unavailability at her job (she babysits Babykins so I can use the gas efficient vehicle for this task). LOL... I had volunteered to drive 3 students to school, both morning and afternoon. Well, it is a combined 40 mile drive a day, 200 miles a week. Yikes! I've tried to get the other two moms to help, but they aren't available.
1 Corinthians 11: 11 Nevertheless neither is the man without the woman, neither the woman without the man, in the Lord.
I matched the two inspiring and oh-so timely versus and a light bulb exploded inside my head: Since I know it is our pathway to head to Texas, why wait? Why wait until the school year is over? I need to be with my husband. It is ridiculous to wait so, so, sooooo long, right? I mean, if it is Heavenly Father's will to move up there, why not expedite it? Why prolong the inevitable?
If you've been following my blog since 2011, you'll know that my writing career has been strange. I've been sharing with my wonderful IWSG how unstable it has been. It has, in my honest opinion, been spiraling down no matter how much I fought for it. I've been facing all sorts of rejections, and no, not the kind you get after sending a query letter. I don't have enough fingers to count them all, but let's just say, they would certianly discourage a debut author!
As it turns out, in a Priesthood blessing my hubby gave me, the Lord had mentioned that now is not the time for my career, to keep it as a hobby alone. I need to focus on my children, my family. During that time, every one of them suddenly faced a crisis within their own right. I cried many nights for guidance on how to meet their needs. I had to be vigilent and available--still do.
As time moves on, I am forever grateful to my Father in Heaven because I had honored Him and set my career aside for family. If I had not, would I have had an ear to Heaven's line when He whispered, "It is time to move"?
I secretly wonder what blessings Heavenly Father will bestow upon me and my writing come that future day? Even so, I hope to hear Him say, "Well done, thou good and faithful servant."
I've never had a problem making and keeping friends. When I first moved to Utah at 21, I immersed myself in many friendships. After marriage, I had no problems keeping the friends from before. As time marched forward and the further north we moved, the more difficult it became to make and keep friends; all the ones in the past have either moved out of state, or we fell out of contact--but when we do reconnect, it is as though time had not passed.
To this day, I've had difficulties keeping friends and couldn't figure out why! It's easy enough to say hi, to do cute things for them; I love pixing cookies, fresh loaves of bread, even drawings for my friends' sick children, and dropping off watermelons on the side doors!
It then came to me that friendships have not been forged and strengthened as they have in the past so as to make our move obvious for when the time comes. The Lord does move in mysterious ways and not as we'd always hope for.
I was sitting in church, waiting as the sacrament was being passed, and I thought about how I fit in the Lord's plan of things. How I am at church without my husband, how far away he is ... and the time it would take to be united again. My heart cried out in prayer, knowing that, because I am honoring His will, He will qualify me for the calling He has set forth for me to do.
It has been busy here as I'm starting to work on our impending move. We've gathered many shoes, clothes and toys to rid ourselves of. I'm debating whether to have a yard sale or donate to the local thrift store. My kids don't mind a yard sale and I'm not sure about it yet. Though it probably isn't a big deal, I feel I'd need to pray over that decision, considering how much is crowding my "plate" as it is!
So, these are the sites I’ve studied over concerning having one. They are so cool: http://www.yardsalequeen.com/yardsale.htm & http://www.vintagerevivals.com/2012/03/5-tips-for-killer-yard-sale.html I plan to read them over with the kids for Family Home Evening and we’ll have a discussion if they still want to hold one or not. If not, that’s fine, we can just donate it to the local thrift store!
My hubby has been busy working that he is exhausted by the time he gets "home" to his barracks. On his day 4 of work, I cried in prayer because of our distance as well as sparse communication. I begged the Lord to please let me feel His love for me.
When I stepped from my bedroom, my 10 year old son handed me a hand-drawn card with many hearts and words written "I love you, Mom." He also handed me a cute heart made out of his Legos. My burden immediately lifted and I pulled him into a hug.
"What brought this on, sweetie?" I smiled through my tears.
"I just thought you needed it."
Oh, yes. What great timing he has! And he didn't even know I had just been crying seconds before seeing me!
My Journey of Faith: Dream Big!
All of my hubby's life, he's been wanting to live out in the country. He grew up working on a farm. He grew up taking care of cows and horses and chickens. He's not afraid of getting into a hobby farm. He also wants to invest in deseret and a few pigs and maybe goats.
I am a city girl. I was raised a city girl. Do I want to die a city girl? Nope. Having fallen in love with horses while in elementary school and studied and read up on them all the days of my youth, I am not shy to living on many acres and the challenges that come with that sort of living. In fact, my kids are looking forward to that kind of life! I do plan to homeschool.
Maybe my writerly muse will awaken from his deep slumber and hurl me into a whirlwind of inspiration? We shall see.
We are aiming for our big day to happen when the school year is out. I pray that things fall into place and we have a painless transition!
Do you have any tips you'd like to share with us?
Though my hubby lost his rental car, my angelic aunt and uncle stepped in and helped us and on their own accord without our asking! Oh, do they realize how joyful they made us?
Before he left, he had given us all a Priesthood blessing to preserve and comfort us against the long months without him. I am as Sariah of old.
"I'm scared," my hubby whispered, "not if this is the right choice, of that I feel great peace. It is of the unknown." Yes, I know. We are living on a prayer, trusting in God. Taking that leap of faith from a piece of inspiration that pierced our hearts only 2 months ago! It is a leap of faith when you have a family of seven to look after. A life to start from scratch.
My hubby flew to Texas to take care of required preliminaries and flew back home 2 days later. After passing the prerequisites, they called him and asked if he could start that coming Friday. He preferred the upcoming Monday. Again, we invested in hundreds more to fly him there, but, as I dropped him off at the airport, he had missed his plane.
Dear Lord, I cried out as I turned back around on the freeway in prayer, is our faith ever being tested! Our funds depleting! Please, please provide a way as we are honoring Thee!
1 Nephi 3:7 And it came to pass that I, Nephi, said unto my father: I will go and do the things which the Lord hath commanded, for I know that the Lord giveth no commandments unto the children of men, save he shall prepare a way for them that they may accomplish the thing which he commandeth them.
We prayed, asking Heavenly Father if these inspirations were of Him. It was confirmed. So we made our choice. We decided that we would move. We would move from Utah to Texas. A place where we've never set foot as a family mere weeks before.
Moving forward with our choice and knowing that it is His will, our test of faith began. Suddenly, my husband's commuter car broke down. Shortly, the family car followed. All within a two week period. We invested over $1000 for both vehicles to get into running condition--and it took over a month to do so. I desperately needed a car to drive my high school son (along with his buddies) twice a day on a 20 mile drive. There was no nonsense about that.
One of my kids suddenly suffered health issues that had me weeping every night.
Though my husband's employer was unaware of our obedience to the Lord's will, things started going badly for my man. Stressful things. Things that threatened his employment despite his 110%. We prayed and fasted for guidance and protection.
He did receive an offer, though it offered impressive pay, after much prayer, it didn't feel right. We held off. Then came the next job offer a week later. We prayed over that one and it felt right. He interviewed with flying colors. As we looked into it, we discovered that he had to have a Texas drivers license. Not only that, but a Texas residence for that, too! He was to also take a driving test in one of the company rigs and a drug test.
Tight on finances because of the auto repair and traveling to Texas before, we took the dive and sacrificed to have him fly down to Texas for these things. Talk about living on a prayer!
Ever heard of angels watching over you? My aunt and uncle gave us wings. They gave us wings to fly!
To my pleasant surprise yet not surprise, my hubby started looking for jobs in the surrounding area where my aunt lives. In his field, it is easy to get a good job. If you have a CDL, years of experience, hazardous materials familiarity, you're more than likely good to go.
He cast out a few good fishing lines and waited. I prayed, asking if this was the path the Lord wanted us to take, well, because it is a huge fork in the road; one which we've been down before.
It was only 2 years ago that we were inspired of the Lord to move 2 hours south of where we currently live. My husband got a job there and things were going great. We had an apartment, furniture. The kids were great! They were okay with the change. That's when everything went wrong. Bad things happened to my hubby at work. Too often. We then prayed about it and felt that we needed to go back. What? Go back?! Yes, go back.
It was too coincidental to be coincidental and I don't believe in coincidences. Not when it comes to the Lord's hand in things. He is preparing us for something. ;Will we be willing to pick up and leave everything familiar behind because He wills it? Is our faith strong enough to obey?
Once we arrived and I spoke with my aunt, and remembering our previous conversation on how we felt a strong pull to her hometown, she asked if we'd figured it out yet. I said that I had no idea, but that the kids couldn't stop talking about it, saying that they felt as though they'd left a piece of themselves behind (I did, too!) and we felt a yearning to return. Interesting, she replied. Interesting indeed.
So, what does this mean? We knew this is what Heavenly Father wanted us to experience, but did he want us to feel this loss? To have an instinctive longing to return? But why?
"I think we're supposed to move there," my hubby said after I'd been mulling over the significance of our desire of returning a few days later. That thought had been playing around in my head, too. It took me by surprise to hear him say my feelings out loud, though.
The more we thought, the more we felt it to be right.
The drive home was not as grueling as the ride to. Isn't that strange? We drove through beautiful Southern Utah and continued all the way north. It was dark by the time we arrived, and the kids were fatigued and sleepy. Once we entered our city, we felt like foreigners. Strangers in a strange land. More so when we stepped into our house.
My kids felt weird. I felt weird. We all noted how out of place we felt. I've never felt that way about returning home, especially after a 20 hour drive! We felt it was odd how, after only spending two days and half away, we felt so fast-rooted there.
Have you ever felt misplaced in your own home?
Amazing how my grandma found a love for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, even in those days! Her mother, my Great Grandma Maria, was busy as a medium, communicating with ghosts for a living, and thus, left Grandma to what she desired.
We also did some sight seeing. The Riverwalk is a romantical place no one should ever miss! It runs under the busy city streets, lined with businesses with open patios overlooking the river! I've always loved the stonework in the arching bridge walkways and the cobbled stone paths.
The entire time we were there, we felt right at home. We belonged there. My children absolutely loved it and better, the family!
Have you been somewhere that spoke directly to your heart?
After sharing with my aunt how exciting it would be to pay her a visit--the last time I saw her was when I was 15--we set plans to visit in the early part of August. I shared with her how interesting it was how we felt a strong pull to visit and she wondered what would transpire.
She shared with us some very inspiring stories on how Heavenly Father had led her from Florida to Texas and how they followed without question, how the Lord had laid out a pathway for them and how much they were blessed.
With wonder in our hearts, we visited Texas, ecstatic to be reunited with family my husband and children have never met! The 20 hour drive was a huge challenge with five kids, including a toddler, from fights, to meltdowns, to incessant complaints. But we survived and felt blessed to have made it on one piece. We arrived from the 9th of August after having left the evening of the 6th and stayed until Tuesday midday on the the 11th. We arrived back home the 13th, midnight.
What is the craziest road trip you've taken?
As I child, I learned how much of a difficult childhood my father had. How his mother and sisters "abused" him. I've never heard it any other way. Then one day, May the 15th to be exact, I decided to get into touch with my aunt, his sister, and ask her what her side of the story was. I learned so much, and it opened my eyes.
Well, my aunt and I grew closer and we've spent hours on the phone, laughing and catching up. Then one day on June 11, a thought suddenly hit. I asked her if it was possible that we could visit her in Texas. She responded later that evening that we are welcome and how her daughter and grandkids are excited to meeting their cousins. Then on July 21, my hubby said that he couldn't shake the feeling that we should go down and visit Texas. Did he know that I'd been thinking the same thing? We both felt that the Lord had something for us to learn there. Guess what it was?
Have you ever felt inspired to do something without an explanation? | 2019-04-20T08:59:31Z | http://elizabethmueller.blogspot.com/2015/10/ |
Antileukoproteinase (ALP) is a physiological inhibitor of granulocytic serine proteases that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its antiproteolytic activity. On the basis of its potential to block anti-collagen type II (CII) antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) and to suppress the conformational activation of β2-integrins in leukocytes, the present study was undertaken to investigate its interference with leukocyte adherence to cytokine-activated endothelium. The potential of recombinant ALP to block the interactions of leukocytes with the endothelial lining was concomitantly investigated in vitro and in vivo. Thus, intravital fluorescence microscopic imaging of leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion to postcapillary venules were performed in the knee joints of DBA1/J mice after intravenous injection of anti-CII mAbs. An IL-1β-activated endothelial layer formed by a murine glomerular cell line (glEND.2) was used to assay the interaction with human leukocytes in vitro. Electromobility shift and luciferase reporter gene assays permitted the analysis of cytokine-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was applied to determine endothelial E-selectin expression. Leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion to the synovial endothelium in an early response to the anti-CII antibody transfer were significantly decreased in ALP-pretreated mice. Concomitantly, ALP suppressed the IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation and the upregulation of E-selectin expression in glEND.2 cells in vitro. These findings support the notion that the newly uncovered properties of ALP to interfere with cytokine signalling and upregulation of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells are likely to contribute to the therapeutic potential of ALP in immune-complex-induced tissue injury.
Antileukoproteinase (ALP), also named secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), is a highly basic (pI > 10), acid-stable inhibitor of neutrophil serine proteinases (molecular mass 11 kDa) . Originally described as a specific protector against proteolytic attack of the upper respiratory and urogenital tract, the physiological expression of ALP has also been demonstrated for a variety of extramucosal cells, including neutrophils and macrophages . In addition to antiproteolytic properties, ALP exerts a variety of anti-inflammatory actions on monocytes and neutrophils [4, 5]. It has also been proposed that the ability of ALP to downregulate the lipopolysaccharide response in macrophages is most probably related to an inhibitory effect on NF-κB activation . More recently it has been demonstrated that treatment with ALP significantly decreased the incidence and severity of anti-collagen type II (CII) antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). In addition to clinical amelioration, decreased leukocytic infiltration of synovial tissue and protective effects on cartilage and bone erosion in ALP-treated mice was seen . The effect on leukocyte extravasation and tissue destruction could be ascribed, at least partly, to the interference of ALP with cytoskeletal changes in Fc-receptor-stimulated granulocytes . The downmodulation of stimulation-induced F-actin assembly in neutrophils through the interaction of ALP with the actin-bundling protein l-plastin caused a blockade of the conformational activation of β2-integrins .
Because regulating the avidity of leukocyte β2-integrins LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) is critical for the recruitment of leukocytes into inflamed tissues [7–9] we focused the present investigation of ALP effects on the initial steps of leukocyte interaction with the endothelial layer after an inflammatory stimulus. A statistical analysis of intravital microscopic images recorded from the knee joints of untreated control mice during an early time span of 24 hours after the transfer of anti-CII mAbs revealed an antibody-induced increase in leukocyte adhesion to the vessel walls. Preventive administration of ALP as a single dose of 100 μg per mouse led to a significant suppression of leukocyte rolling on, and of firm adhesion to, the synovial venular endothelium. Accompanying experiments in vitro with IL-1β-activated endothelial cells demonstrated the capacity of ALP to suppress the cytokine-induced increase in leukocyte adhesion. Moreover, an inhibitory effect of ALP preincubation on IL-1β-induced endothelial E-selectin surface expression was recorded by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of anti-E-selectin antibody-stained glEND.2 cells (a murine glomerular cell line). The subsequent elucidation of a suppressive effect of ALP on IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation in glEND.2 cells also suggests that the modulation of this signalling pathway is probably involved in the ALP-dependent inhibition of IL-1β-induced E-selectin expression. Moreover, the observed suppression of leukocyte rolling in vivo as a selectin-dependent interaction with the vessel wall is easily reconcilable with the newly uncovered blocking effect of ALP on a crucial cytokine signalling pathway in endothelial cells . This regulatory potential and the inhibition of firm leukocyte adhesion in vivo by ALP, which probably reflects the already known interference with β2-integrin activation on leukocytes, complement each other in their anti-inflammatory effect. This synergism may contribute to the established capacity of ALP to block leukocyte infiltration and tissue injury in a variety of experimental models of inflammation, such as streptococcal cell wall arthritis , CAIA or ischaemia/reperfusion-induced organ damage .
The experimental protocol was approved by the local animal ethics committee and followed the National Institutes of Health guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. DBA1/J mice were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA). All mice were kept under standard conditions at the animal care facility of the University of Rostock.
For the induction of immune-complex-induced inflammation, 14-week-old mice (n = 8 per group) received two mAbs (CIIC1 and M2.139 [5, 15]; 4.5 mg of each) intravenously into the caudal vein. Simultaneously the animals were treated with either 100 or 300 μg of recombinant human ALP [5, 16] (kindly provided by Dr Heinzel-Wieland, Darmstadt, Germany) or 300 μg of a control protein (human serum albumin; Octapharma, Langenfeld, Germany), or received an equal volume of saline only. After 6 and 24 hours, animals (n = 6 to 8 per time point) were anaesthetized with ketamine (90 mg/kg body weight) and xylacin (6 mg/kg) for subsequent in vivo multifluorescence microscopy. Animals were placed on a heating pad to maintain a body temperature of 37°C and a catheter was placed in the left jugular vein for the application of fluorescent dyes. For in vivo multifluorescence microscopy of synovial microcirculation, the knee joint model was used as described . In brief, skin was incised distal to the patella tendon. After removal of the overlying soft tissues, the patella tendon was cut transversely and the proximal and distal parts carefully mobilized. After exposure, the Hoffa's fatty body was superfused with physiological saline solution ay 37°C to prevent tissues from drying and was finally covered with a glass slide. After a 15-minute stabilization period after surgical preparation, in vivo microscopy of the synovial tissue was performed. At the end of each experiment the animals were killed by exsanguination.
Human ALP was produced as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and subsequently purified to homogeneity by a multistep purification protocol by ion-exchange, metal-chelate and size-exclusion chromatography as originally described by Heinzel-Wieland and colleagues . Analytical reverse-phase chromatography revealed a single peak, and SDS-PAGE exhibited a single band with the expected electrophoretic mobility on being stained with silver. The material was tested for inhibition of granulocyte elastase and cathepsin G. To ensure the removal of any endotoxin contamination, the ALP charges were run on detoxi-gel columns (polymyxin B-conjugated columns; Perbio Science, Bonn, Germany) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Routine testing of the final ALP preparations before use demonstrated that for all analysed samples the endotoxin content remained below the detection limit (0.05 U/ml) of the applied Limulus amoebocyte lysate gel-clot assay (Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany).
After intravenous injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled dextran (15 mg/kg body weight) (Sigma, Deisenhofen, Germany) and rhodamine 6G (0.15 mg/kg body weight) (Sigma), in vivo microscopy was performed with a Zeiss microscope (Axiotech Vario 100HD; Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) equipped with a 100 W mercury lamp and filter sets for blue (excitation at 465 to 495 nm; emission at more than 505 nm) and green (excitation at 510 to 560 nm; emission at more than 575 nm) epi-illumination. By the use of water-immersion objectives (× 20 W/numerical aperture (NA) 0.5 and × 40 W/NA 0.8; Zeiss) final magnifications of × 306 and × 630 were achieved. Images were recorded by means of a charge-coupled device video camera (FK 6990-IQ-S; Pieper, Schwerte, Germany) and transferred to an S-VHS video system for subsequent off-line analysis.
For quantitative off-line analysis a computer-assisted microcirculation image analysis system was used (CapImage v.7.4; Zeintl, Heidelberg, Germany). For the assessment of interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells in postcapillary venules, the flow behavior of leukocytes was analysed with respect to free floating, rolling and adherent leukocytes [17, 18]. Rolling leukocytes were defined as those cells moving along the vessel wall at a velocity less than 40% of that of leukocytes at the centreline and were expressed as a percentage of the total leukocyte flux. Venular leukocyte adherence was defined as the number of leukocytes not moving or detaching from the endothelial lining of the venular vessel wall during an observation period of 20 seconds. Assuming cylindrical microvessel geometry, leukocyte adherence was expressed as non-moving cells per endothelial surface (n/mm2), calculated from the diameter and length of the vessel segment analysed.
Results are given as means ± SEM. After proving the assumption of normality, comparisons between the experimental groups were performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the appropriate post-hoc multiple comparison procedure, including Bonferroni correction. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Blood cells were obtained from heparinized venous blood from healthy donors. In brief, granulocytes were isolated by discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation with 70% and 62% Percoll (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany). The phase containing the granulocytes was separately transferred to a new tube and washed with PBS. Contaminating erythrocytes were removed by hypotonic lysis and a subsequent centrifugation step. The purified granulocytes were recovered from the cell pellet and resuspended in DMEM at a final concentration of 106 cells/ml.
The leukocyte adhesion assays were performed as described by Hammel and colleagues , with slight modifications. glEND.2 cells were produced and characterized as described for mlEND.1 cells . They were seeded on Labtek chamber slides (6 × 104) and grown to confluence. glEND.2 cells were incubated for 2 hours with different concentrations of ALP (100 nM to 5 μM). The upregulation of adhesion molecules on the glEND.2 cells was induced by activating the cells with IL-1β (20 ng/ml, R&D Systems GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany) for 4 hours at 37°C. The cells were washed intensively with DMEM and the freshly isolated human granulocytes were added in a volume of 200 μl to the endothelial cell layer and agitated horizontally at 75 r.p.m. for 20 minutes at 4°C. Cells were washed carefully three times in DMEM and fixed overnight in 2.5% glutardialdehyde (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany). On the next day, the adherent cells were evaluated by direct microscopic counting of four randomly chosen visual fields. Some experiments were performed with the human endothelial cell line EA.hy 926 that was originally derived by the fusion of human umbilical-vein endothelial cells with the epithelial cell line A549 . In that case the granulocytes were prelabelled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl diester (CFDA-SE), Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA), to facilitate the counting of adherent granulocytes in randomly chosen visual fields by fluorescence microscopy (× 10/NA 0.3, objective Axiophot; Zeiss) as described .
glEND.2 cells were seeded on 48-well plates (4 × 104) in complete low-glucose DMEM and grown to 80% confluence. ALP treatment was performed after a PBS washing step with 2 to 12 μM ALP for 2 hours at 37°C. Medium was removed and the cells were washed twice with PBS and activated for 4 hours with 20 ng/ml IL-1β. E-selectin expression was detected on staining with a rat anti-mouse CD62E-biotin (dilution 1:400; BD Biosciences Pharmingen, San Diego, CA, USA) antibody and phycoerythrin-labelled avidin (dilution 1:1,000; BD Biosciences Pharmingen). After a final centrifugation, the cells were resuspended in 1 ml of PBS and their fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry in a Coulter Epics XL flow cytometer (Beckman CoulterCorp., Miami, FL, USA). For the analysis, the gates of forward and sideways light scatter were set on the glEND.2 cell population. The average of E-selectin expression in the endothelial cell population was expressed as the mean of the fluorescence intensity.
glEND.2 cells were grown to 80% confluence in 75 cm3 culture flasks and treated with different concentrations of ALP (250 nM to 10 μM) for 2 hours at 37°C. After an intensive washing step, cells were activated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β for 1 hour. Subsequently, electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSAs) of nuclear extracts from ALP-treated and untreated glEND.2 cells were prepared as described . In brief, cells were resuspended in 200 μl of hypotonic lysis buffer A (10 mM HEPES pH 7.9, 10 mM KCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, 1 mM dithiothreitol) and incubated on ice for 15 minutes before the addition of 5 μl of 10% Nonidet P40. After vortex-mixing, the nuclei of the lysed cells were collected by centrifugation, washed once in buffer A and subjected to a subsequent protein extraction procedure by vortex-mixing vigorously in 50 μl of hypertonic extraction buffer B (10 mM HEPES pH 7.9, 400 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM dithiothreitol). The nuclear proteins were obtained by collecting the supernatants after centrifugation. The protein concentration of each extract was measured with the micro-bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay reagents from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA).
NF-κB binding reactions were performed with 5 μg of nuclear proteins and a 32P-labelled double-stranded oligonucleotide containing the NF-κB consensus sequence derived from the mouse κ intronic enhancer (5' -GATCAGAGGGGACTTTCCGAG-3'). Approximately 20,000 c.p.m. of the labelled double-stranded oligonucleotide was applied to each binding reaction. After incubation for 10 minutes at room temperature the nuclear proteins were separated by electrophoresis on a 5% nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel. For specificity, control blocking experiments were run with unlabelled specific double-stranded oligonucleotides or a respective mutant variant (5' -CATCAGAGGCGACTTTCCGAGGGATG-3') at 10-fold and 100-fold molar excess of the labelled NF-κB probe. Subsequently, the electrophoresis gels were dried, exposed on a PhosphoImager plate and analysed with a FLA-3000 laser-based imaging system (Fujifilm Europe GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany). For normalization of the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in a quantitative analysis, aliquots (5 μg) of the nuclear proteins were assessed in parallel for their binding activity to a 32P-labelled double-stranded oligonucleotide containing the specific recognition sequence of the constitutively active transcription factor Oct-1 (5' -CTGTCGAATGCAAATCACTAGAAG-3'). The numerical proportion between NF-κB-binding and Oct-1-binding activity as determined by the PhosphoImager in c.p.m. served as the parameter of NF-κB activation.
For transient transfection, 4× 104 glEND.2 cells grown in 24-well trays were transfected with a NF-κB reporter plasmid, pBIIx-luc [24, 25], using the Fugene6 transfection reagent (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). All DNA/Fugene6 incubations were performed at a ratio of 1.5 μg of DNA to 3 μl of Fugene6 in accordance with the manufacturer's recommended protocol, in DMEM (PAA Laboratories, Pasching, Austria). After 24 hours, transfected and control glEND.2 cells were treated for 2 hours with 8 to 20 μM ALP. The activation of the luciferase reporter gene was induced by 10 ng/ml IL-1β for 4 hours and monitored by the application of a commercial luciferase reporter assay. On cell lysis, luciferase activity was determined in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer of the luciferase assay kit (Promega, Mannheim, Germany) with a luminometer (Luminat LB 9501; Berthold). Protein concentrations of cell lysates were determined with the bicinchoninic acid micro-assay method (Pierce, Bonn, Germany).
Although the systemic administration of the anti-CII mAb did not cause clinical signs of arthritic disease in the knee joints investigated by intravital microscopy within the first 24 hours, inflammatory cell responses in the synovial tissue were clearly provoked. Activation by inflammatory stimuli after antibody transfer to the mice was indicated by increases in leukocyte rolling along and attachment to the venular endothelium (Figure 1). These microcirculatory alterations are not spontaneously occurring phenomena in the knee joints of uninduced control mice (Figure 1a) . However, the enhanced leukocyte-endothelial-cell interaction induced by the transfer of anti-CII mAb was significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed in the ALP-pretreated mice. This blocking effect of ALP on leukocyte adherence to the vessel intima (Figure 2) occurred on both the initial rolling and the subsequent phase of firm adhesion. Dose dependence of inhibition was clearly detectable at 6 hours after the transfer of anti-CII mAb. Later in the observation period the suppressive effect declined. However, in this respect the ALP blockade of firm adhesion was more pronounced and persisted for the entire observation period of 24 hours (Figure 1). The blocking effect was ALP-specific because human serum albumin (hSA) as an irrelevant control protein affected neither the antibody-induced increase in leukocyte rolling nor the firm leukocyte adhesion. This result is consistent with an inhibitory effect of ALP on both selectin-dependent and integrin-dependent interactions of leukocytes with the activated synovial endothelium. With regard to the observed suppression of firm leukocyte adhesion, the effect in vivo complies very well with the earlier described ALP-induced blockade of leukocyte β2-integrin activation. However, the impairment of leukocyte rolling by ALP was rather surprising and required further investigation.
Inhibition of leukocyte interaction with the postcapillary endothelium by ALP in vivo. (a) Inhibition of leukocyte rolling along the postcapillary endothelium by antileukoproteinase in vivo. The results show the fraction of leukocytes rolling along the endothelium of postcapillary synovial venules (expressed as a percentage of all passing leukocytes) in anti-collagen II (CII) antibody-induced DBA1/J mice pretreated with either antileukoproteinase (ALP; 100 and 300 μg), human serum albumin (hSA, 300 μg) or NaCl in comparison with healthy mice (HC) that did not receive the antibody challenge. Intravital fluorescence microscopy of the knee joints was performed at 6 and 24 hours after the systemic transfer of anti-CII mAb. Results are shown as means and SEM for n = 8 animals per group; *p < 0.05. (b) Inhibition of leukocyte adherence to the postcapillary endothelium by ALP in vivo. The results show the number of leukocytes adherent to the endothelium of postcapillary synovial venules (expressed as cells per mm2 endothelial surface) in anti-CII antibody-induced DBA1/J mice pretreated with either ALP (100 and 300 μg), hSA (300 μg) or NaCl in comparison with healthy mice (HC) that did not receive the antibody challenge. Intravital fluorescence microscopy of the knee joints was performed at 6 and 24 hours after the systemic transfer of anti-CII mAb. Results are shown as means and SEM for n = 8 animals per group; *p < 0.05.
Imaging of adherent leukocytes in vivo. The figure shows a representative fluorescence microscope image (original magnification × 306) of a postcapillary venule showing an increased number of cells adhering to the wall of the postcapillary venule in a control animal that received the anti-collagen II (CII) antibodies and a pre-treatment with NaCl compared to an antileukoproteinase-treated mouse at 24 hours after anti-CII mAb transfer.
The model of the IL-1β-activated murine endothelial cell line glEND.2 permitted the analysis of effects of ALP on granulocyte attachment under conditions that had earlier been proved to depend partly on selectin-mediated interactions . Preincubation of the endothelial layer with ALP (in 20 μl of PBS carrier solution dissolved in DMEM to a final volume of 200 μl) instead of medium control (200 μl DMEM) before IL-1β activation resulted in a significantly decreased attachment of purified human granulocytes (the total cell number per chamber was 2 × 105 per 200 μl) in eight independent experiments, as shown in Figure 3. In Figure 3 the quantitative measure for leukocytes that adhered to the glEND.2 cells under the respective incubation conditions are expressed as percentages of the positive control (3,782 ± 624 cells in four randomly chosen visual fields), which is the mean number of cells adhering to IL-1β-activated endothelium in medium (DMEM). Figure 3 clearly shows the highly significant decrease (p < 0.01; ANOVA with Dunnett's correction for multiple testing) in leukocytes adhering to IL-1β-activated glEND.2 cells under pretreatment conditions with ALP (1 μM, 36.25 ± 6.67% (mean ± SEM)) compared with those with the respective control protein hSA (5 μm, 99.66 ± 18.88%; unstimulated glEND.2 cell control, 10.99 ± 5.79%).
Inhibition of leukocyte attachment to IL-1β-activated glEND.2 cells by antileukoproteinase in vitro. The adherence of human granulocytes to layers of glEND.2 cells was assessed microscopically. The quantitative measure for leukocytes adhering to the glEND.2 cells under the respective incubation conditions is expressed as a percentage of the positive control, which is the mean number of adherent cells to IL-1β-activated endothelium in medium (+IL-1β control; stimulation with 20 ng/ml IL-1β for 4 hours). The percentages of adherent leukocytes to glEND.2 cells were derived from eight independent experiments and are expressed as means and SEM for the following experimental conditions: no stimulus (- IL-1β control), IL-1β stimulation after pretreatment with either antileukoproteinase (ALP) or with human serum albumin (hSA) (0.1, 1 or 5 μM) as a control protein for 2 hours. The inhibitory effect of pretreatment with ALP on granulocyte adherence was statistically significant at 1 and 5 μM (*p < 0.01; analysis of variance with correction for multiple testing).
These results suggest that pretreatment with ALP has a blocking effect on the subsequent cytokine-induced activation of selectin-dependent endothelial interactions with leukocytes. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of ALP is likely to affect primarily the endothelial cell because a thorough washing procedure preceded the addition of the isolated granulocytes, to ensure that the cellular interaction took place after the removal of the cytokine and the ALP from the medium. Additional experiments (n = 8) performed with human CFDA-SE-labelled granulocytes and a human endothelial cell line EA.hy 926, an accepted in vitro model system for the investigation of leukocyte-endothelial-cell interaction [21, 22], confirmed the blocking effect of ALP on granulocyte adhesion to the IL-1β-activated endothelial cells. The quantitative assessment of the experiments, from which four representative panels are shown in Figure 4, clearly revealed the significant decrease (p < 0.01; ANOVA) in adherent leukocytes to IL-1β-activated EA.hy 926 cells pretreated with ALP (5 μM, 32.1 ± 5.8%) compared with hSA (5 μM) control (97.2 ± 15.2%).
Inhibition of leukocyte attachment to IL-1β-treated EA.hy 926 cells by antileukoproteinase in vitro. Adherence of human CFDA-SE (carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl diester)-labelled granulocytes to layers of EA.hy 926 cells was assessed by fluorescence microscopy. A comparison of granulocyte adherence to EA.hy 926 cells that were either untreated (- IL-1β) or cytokine-stimulated (+IL-1β) is shown. Pretreatment of EA.hy 926 cells with 5 μM antileukoproteinase (ALP) (+IL-1β +ALP) but not with 5 μM hSA (+IL-1β +hSA) resulted in a marked decrease in granulocyte adhesion.
On the basis of the above experimental evidence for the capacity of ALP to block leukocyte interaction with cytokine-activated endothelium to the same extent as specific E-selectin mAbs under similar conditions , we considered the possibility of a direct E-selectin-modulation by ALP and investigated it further. Thus, E-selectin expression on glEND.2 cells that were either preincubated with medium or ALP before stimulation for 4 hours with IL-1β was assessed in parallel by FACS analysis of the cells stained with anti-E-selectin. The fluorescence intensities were determined in six independent experiments; an example is shown in Figure 5a. The results of the statistical analysis of the mean fluorescence intensities are shown. In Figure 5b we demonstrate a significant decrease in the cell-surface expression of E-selectin on glEND.2 cells that had been exposed to ALP before the cytokine stimulus (2 μM ALP, 52.2 ± 4.7 (mean ± SEM); 12 μM ALP, 39.6 ± 6.5) compared with the respective controls without ALP pretreatment (76.7 ± 9.7; control of unstimulated glEND.2 cells, 10.2 ± 0.7). Our investigations therefore support a direct suppression of IL-1β-induced E-selectin upregulation in glEND.2 cells by ALP.
Inhibition of IL-1β-induced upregulation of E-selectin in glEND.2 cells by ALP. (a) Inhibition of IL-1β-induced upregulation of E-selectin in glEND.2 cells by antileukoproteinase (ALP). Determination of E-selectin expression on glEND.2 cells was performed by FACS analysis after staining with a biotinylated anti-E-selectin mAb and phycoerythrin-labelled-streptavidin. The histograms obtained after gating on glEND.2 cells for forward and sideways light-scattering properties and counting of 5,000 events demonstrate the increasing surface expression of E-selectin in response to stimulation with IL-1β (curve shifted furthest to the right) compared with the unstimulated control (leftmost curve). The intermediate curve represents the E-selectin distribution on glEND.2 cells pretreated with ALP (2 μM) before stimulation with IL-1β. (b) Inhibition of E-selectin expression by ALP. Mean fluorescence intensities were determined as a measure of the E-selectin expression levels in six independent experiments and used to calculate the mean and SEM for the following experimental conditions of glEND.2 cell activation: no stimulus (- IL-1β control), IL-1β stimulus (+IL-1β), IL-1β stimulation after pretreatment with ALP for 2 hours (+IL-1β ALP 2 μM and +IL-1β ALP 12 μM). The inhibitory effect of pretreatment with ALP on E-selectin expression was statistically significant for both concentrations of ALP (*p < 0.05).
NF-κB has a pivotal role in the cytokine-induced signalling pathways that lead to an upregulation of E-selectin on the cell membrane . We therefore analysed the possibility that ALP interfered with IL-1β-induced NF-κB-signalling in glEND.2 cells. EMSAs were performed with nuclear extracts from unstimulated control cells and IL-1β-stimulated glEND.2 cells that had been preincubated in either the presence or the absence of ALP. As shown in Figure 6a, pretreatment of the glEND.2 cells with ALP, but not with the irrelevant control protein hSA, was associated with a markedly decreased nuclear NF-κB DNA-binding activity. As a control, a parallel EMSA from the same experiment showing the electrophoretic mobility of Oct-1 binding nuclear proteins was performed. The control EMSA exhibited neither an IL-1β-induced increase in Oct-1 nuclear binding activity nor a suppressive effect on the dependence on pretreatment of the cells with ALP or hSA. The densitometric evaluation of another independently performed EMSA experiment also revealed a clear difference in NF-κB signal intensities between IL-1β-stimulated glEND.2 cells preincubated with either ALP (5 μM) or hSA (5 μM) (Figure 6b).
Inhibition of IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation in glEND.2 cells by antileukoproteinase. (a) The left panel shows an electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA) performed with nuclear extracts from unstimulated control cells (lane 4) and IL-1β-stimulated glEND.2 cells that had been preincubated in either the absence (lane 1) or the presence of antileukoproteinase (ALP; lane 2) or human serum albumin (hSA; lane 3) as an irrelevant control protein. Pretreatment of the glEND.2 cells with ALP was associated with a clearly decreased nuclear translocation of NF-κB reflected by the weakened intensity of the corresponding band shifts of the radiolabelled NF-κB-specific oligonucleotides. For comparison a concomitantly developed EMSA from the same experiment shows the electrophoretic mobility of the constitutively active transcription factor Oct-1 (right panel; lanes loaded as described for the left panel). (b) The densitometric evaluation of an independently performed EMSA experiment depicts the difference in NF-κB signal intensities between unstimulated control (- IL-1β control) and IL-1β-stimulated glEND.2 cells preincubated with either 5 μM ALP or 5 μM hSA. As a quantitative measure of the nuclear translocation of NFκ-B the figure shows the relative DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. This parameter represents the numerical proportion between NF-κB-binding and Oct-1-binding activity in c.p.m. The protein binding to the radiolabelled specific probe for the constitutively active transcription factor Oct-1 served as an internal standard for normalization of the nuclear extracts. (c) An additional specificity control for the NF-κB EMSA. Before electrophoretic separation, nuclear extracts from IL-1β-stimulated glEND.2 cells were incubated not only with the radiolabelled NF-κB but also with two different concentrations of unlabelled competitor probes. The results of the blocking experiments of the NF-κB EMSA with an unlabelled NF-κB-probe (Inh) (showing blocking at 10-fold (*) and 100-fold (#) molar excess) and a mutant NF-κB probe (Mut) that did not suppress the NF-κB signal at 10-fold and 100-fold molar excess, respectively, are shown. Lane 1 was loaded with a sample without competing probe as in (a).
We also controlled for the specificity of the NF-κB EMSA by competition experiments containing the radiolabelled NF-κB probe and unlabelled probes. The results of the blocking experiments of the NF-κB EMSA with an unlabelled NF-κB probe (showing blocking at 10-fold and 100-fold molar excess) and a mutant NF-κB probe that did not suppress the NF-κB signal at 10-fold and 100-fold molar excess, respectively, are shown in Figure 6c, providing clear evidence for the specificity of the NF-κB EMSA. To further investigate the influence of ALP on the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, endothelial glEND.2 cells were transfected with an NF-κB-dependent luciferase reporter gene and the luciferase activity in lysed cells was quantified. As expected, the transcriptional activity of NF-κB was strongly induced by stimulation with IL-1β. Preincubation with ALP dose-dependently inhibited the IL-1β-induced transcriptional NF-κB activity, as shown in Figure 7. This result is in agreement with the finding of decreased nuclear NF-κB DNA-binding activity after treatment with ALP.
Inhibition of IL-1β-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity in glEND.2 cells by antileukoproteinase. Effects of antileukoproteinase (ALP) on glEND.2 cells that had been transfected with an NF-κB-luciferase reporter gene construct were analysed separately. The determination of luminescence signals in the luciferase assay of the lysed cells permitted the quantification of the IL-1β-induced upregulation of transcriptional NF-êB-activity (expressed as a percentage of luminescence maximum). The stimulatory cytokine effect on NF-κB activation (+IL-1β) above the level of the unstimulated control (- IL-1β control) was significantly suppressed by ALP (*p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner (+IL-1β ALP 8 μM and +IL-1β ALP 20 μM). Results are means and SEM for 16 independent experiments.
ALP has previously been shown to exert a variety of anti-inflammatory effects beyond its function as an inhibitor of granulocytic serine proteinases [3–5, 13]. We have recently demonstrated its antiarthritic effect in the CAIA model as well as a suppressive effect on immune-complex-induced activation of β2-integrins in leukocytes. Because of the modulatory potential of ALP on the function of integrins that are crucially involved in leukocyte extravasation , the present study focused on its interference with leukocyte-endothelial-cell interactions. Accordingly, a blocking effect of ALP on the firm leukocyte adhesion induced by anti-CII mAb transfer in vivo was detectable. This effect is consistent with the well established inhibitory effect of ALP on the cytoskeletal reorganization of stimulated granulocytes and the accompanying suppression of conformational changes of the β2 chain of the integrins LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) , because the activation of these molecules is a requirement for firm leukocyte attachment to the activated endothelial lining [7–9]. Interestingly, a slight but significant decrease in firm leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall is also detectable in the NaCl-control cohort during the interval between 6 and 24 hours after anti-CII antibody transfer (from 1,354 ± 125 (mean ± SEM) to 953 ± 67). However, this tendency did not continue spontaneously in the later course. Measurements of leukocyte attachment at 72 hours after antibody transfer (928 ± 84) suggest that the level reached at 24 hours after an initial decline from the early peak already represents the plateau value that is highly elevated above normal and maintained until at least 72 hours, a time point coinciding with first clinical signs of arthritis in the arthritis model induced by anti-CII antibody.
In addition to the suppression of firm leukocyte adhesion in ALP-pretreated mice, inhibitory effects on the rolling phase of the leukocytes along the vessel wall were observed by intravital microscopy. During an inflammatory response, leukocytes roll along the endothelial layer of cytokine-activated venules before they arrest, adhere and transmigrate. CD18 integrins, as known targets of ALP action , have been shown to be unable to mediate leukocyte rolling independently of selectins [26, 27]. In this respect, selectins seem to ensure an appropriate decrease in rolling velocity that enables the leukocytes to spend a critical time span in close contact with the endothelium in most tissues . This decelerated rolling allows proinflammatory cytokines to be displayed by the endothelium, for example by means of proteoglycans , to engage their respective receptors on the leukocyte membrane, thereby leading to the activation of β2-integrins. The subsequent β2-integrin-dependent interactions with endothelial ligands (such as ICAM-1) stabilize the retardation of rolling, provoke arrest and cause firm adhesion as preconditions for the final transmigration through the blood vessel wall .
In accordance with this complex interwoven action of selectins and CD18 integrins in leukocyte rolling and adhesion, it was consistent to propose blocking effects of ALP on leukocyte rolling in vivo as an additional interference with selectin interactions beyond the already known suppression of leukocyte integrin activation . In an in vitro assay of E-selectin-dependent leukocyte attachment to the IL-1β-activated glEND.2 cells, the significantly decreased adherence to the ALP-pretreated endothelial layer provides first evidence for ALP-induced modulation of the endothelial function of E-selectin. Moreover, our investigations have elucidated a suppression of the cytokine-induced upregulation of E-selectin on the endothelial membrane by ALP. E-selectin expression is regulated primarily at the level of transcriptional activation, a process mediated by a series of tandem NF-κB sites in the promoter of this gene . Stimuli such as IL-1β can rapidly enhance the expression of the E-selectin gene in endothelial cells by inducing a cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of NF-κB that causes transcriptional activation on binding to the E-selectin promoter [12, 31].
Although suppressive effects of ALP on the NF-κB signalling pathway by inhibitory mechanisms that are as yet unresolved had already been described in other experimental systems in vivo and in vitro [6, 13], it was not at all clear that this action also had the potential to counteract IL-β-induced endothelial cell activation. Therefore this newly uncovered interference with the IL-β-induced nuclear translocation of transcriptionally active NF-κB is likely to account for the observed suppression of cytokine-activated E-selectin upregulation by ALP. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying the suppressive effect of ALP on IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation in endothelial cells remains enigmatic. Similarly, the suppressive effect of ALP on lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation in monocytic cells (U937) has been shown to imply an inhibition of the cytoplasmic degradation of IκBα. However, ALP did not suppress the phosphorylation or ubiquitination of IκBα and did not exhibit activities of a broad-spectrum inhibitor of the proteasomal degradation machinery .
More recently, the cytoplasmic localization of ALP after rapid uptake from the extracellular space and its subsequent translocation into the nucleus, associated with direct binding to nuclear NF-κB sites, have been described in U937 cells . However, we could not detect in our EMSA shifts (Figure 6a), performed with NF-κB-specific probes, any ALP-oligonucleotide complexes in the expected lower molecular mass range, rendering the possibility of direct nuclear binding of ALP to NF-κB sites and thus competition with p65 interaction a rather unlikely explanation for our results obtained in endothelial cells. Whether ALP induces other IκB proteins or exerts its suppressive effect on NF-κB through the activation of alternative signalling pathways remain interesting possibilities. Irrespective of the precise mode of ALP action, NF-κB inhibition and its closely associated suppression of cytokine-activated E-selectin upregulation provide an attractive explanation for the observed inhibitory effects on selectin-dependent leukocyte attachment to murine glEND.2 and human EA.hy 926 cells in vitro. Moreover, it is rather likely that modulation of selectins is also involved in decreased leukocyte rolling after anti-CII mAb transfer in ALP-treated mice in comparison with the control in vivo. In addition, the suppression by ALP of IL-1β-induced NF-κB signalling is likely to have a much broader spectrum of anti-inflammatory effects on the endothelial cells than the downregulation of E-selectin expression investigated as an example because the inhibited signalling pathway is critical for the upregulation of a plethora of adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators .
This broad suppressive effect on the activation of the endothelial layer cooperates with already known properties of ALP to downmodulate β2-integrin-dependent proinflammatory functions in leukocytes to counteract leukocyte extravasation. Indeed, this inhibitory effect of ALP on leukocytic tissue infiltration has already been demonstrated in a variety of models such as streptococcal cell wall arthritis , CAIA , reverse passive cutaneous Arthus reaction (B. Sehnert, A. Cavcic, and H. Burkhardt, unpublished results) and inflammatory organ injury in a murine ischaemia/reperfusion model . This potential of ALP to inhibit leukocyte extravasation in response to quite diverse inflammatory stimuli suggests its extended role as a regulatory molecule of innate immunity. Of course, interesting questions remain to be answered in further studies: the effect of ALP on the regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β, on vascular permeability or its potential to interfere with trafficking of other cells of the innate and adaptive immune system such as lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells and mast cells. The answers to these questions will help in judging therapeutic potential in future treatment strategies. However, the effect of ALP on both β2-integrins on leukocytes and endothelial cell adhesion molecules such as E-selectin suggests a modulatory role of cell-cell adhesion mechanisms without complete suppression, because otherwise the combination of blocking selectins and integrins would result in a complete lack of polymorphonuclear cells adhesion. ALP therefore offers an attractive possibility for modulating the immune response. In this respect our work has uncovered for the first time the suppressive effects of ALP on selectin-dependent and integrin-dependent leukocyte adhesion events to the vessel walls that cooperate in the prevention of subsequent leukodiapedesis.
The newly uncovered ability of ALP to interfere with cytokine signalling and with the upregulation of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells probably contribute to its protective effects on immune-complex-mediated tissue injury. These new insights into the spectrum of anti-inflammatory actions of ALP might prove useful in the development of therapeutic interventions in endothelial barrier dysfunction caused by misdirected leukocyte activation in the joints or at extra-articular sites of immune-complex deposition in systemic disease.
The authors thank Christine Zech, Sabine Wilhelm and Kathrin Sievert for excellent laboratory assistance. The study was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, BU 584-2/1 and SFB 643, projectB3), the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research of the Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, and the Swedish Research Council.
BS performed the in vitro assays (cell adhesion assays, FACS analysis, reporter gene assays) and the statistical analysis. PG and AK performed the animal experiments and intravital fluorescence microscopic analysis. RV conducted the electromobility shift experiments and contributed to the design of the reporter gene assays. KSN produced and purified the CII-specific mAbs for the transfer experiments. SI, BV and RHo participated in the design and coordination of the animal experiments and contributed to the preparation of the manuscript. RHa established the endothelial cell line and participated in the design of the adhesion assays. HB conceived the entire study, participated in the design, coordination and analysis of the in vitro studies and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. | 2019-04-26T16:45:19Z | https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar1973 |
We have entered today into a contemplation of the mighty acts of God whereby our salvation comes: an experience that we will spend the next 68 days reflecting upon—the Paschal mystery, the mystery of Our Lord’s Passover from life to death, from death to resurrection, from resurrection to ascension, from ascension to the coming of His Holy Ghost, and from the Coming of the Holy Ghost finally to the Eucharist, the primary means of His presence among us today. The portion of the liturgical calendar over those 68 days is today, Palm Sunday, through the feast of Corpus Christi, always on a Thursday, this year on June 20. This is the mystery of God, and within His mystery—a mystery that is transcendent of time and space, transcendent of our categories of thought, transcendent as once for all time, a mystery that being transcendent of time and space, has no beginning or end, but is happening right now and in all moments—all moments of reality have within them the life, passion, death, resurrection, ascension, pentecostal and eucharistic truth of Christ—all of Christian reality being made sacramental by God’s actions—within this mystery of God is the mystery of the Church, and the mystery of prayer, and the mystery of our spiritual lives.
When we proclaimed at the beginning of our liturgy, “Peace in heaven and glory in the highest,” we joined the angels—for this is always their song proclaimed to God as the thousands and ten thousands of them are gathered around the heavenly throne. “Holy, holy, holy,” the angels sing, “Peace in heaven and glory in the highest.” Our liturgy indeed is a divine liturgy of the angels.
And it all begins with Jesus, riding on a colt. It begins with the King of all creation—Who was King of all creation at all moments in His life, the King walking among His creatures, the Light through Whom all creatures are made, the Light among the darkness, shining in the darkness, and the darkness comprehended it not—the King riding not on a magnificent horse-drawn chariot bedazzled and bespeckled with gems and jewels befitting a secular king, but riding in His humility. He enters in humility into the City that had been the center of His human existence from the beginning, because to Jerusalem His parents brought Him every year at the Passover; He memorably stayed back one year when He was twelve, to teach us all that the sacred house of prayer—for Him, the Temple; for us the Parish church—is where the truth of the Father is made known to us through His Son.
“Did you not know that I must be in my Father’s house?” He taught Mary and Joseph, and through them, us. The mystery of this house, which is the mystery of the Church, is one in which we ask how we are a part of this house, indeed a member of this house, for as baptized people, we are members of His Body, the Church. And as Jesus entered as a horse, so too the beaten man in the parable of the Good Samaritan was brought to the inn on a horse—the wounds of the beaten man were physical and of the flesh: the wounds of Christ spiritual and of the soul, and soon to be physicaland of the flesh, as we. He knew He was entering into His death, by His Father’s will.
Saint Paul teaches us to have this mind among ourselves, which is ours in Christ Jesus, who, though He was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. And being found in human form, He humbled Himself and became obedient unto death, even death on a cross. This mystery—which is all fact—this mystery we are always to have in mind among ourselves; when Saint Paul exhorts the parish at Corinth to imitate him in being stewards of the mysteries of God, the Apostle exhorts us as well. Our identity together is not through friendship, kinship, shared hobbies, life pursuits or interest in sports teams. Our identity together is entirely rooted in this man Who humbled Himself and became obedient unto death, even death on a cross—Who in utter humility reveals transcendent righteousness and our salvation.
Throughout Lent we have prayed the Stations of the Cross at both of our congregations, and many of us in our own homes. At each station Our Lord becomes poorer and poorer, debased and deformed at each station so that by the end, He is unrecognizable. And when Saint Mary Magdalene meets Him at the empty tomb, His unrecognizability is taken yet further: He looks not like Himself but like a gardener; and the two disciples on the road to Emmaus walk the whole way there not recognizing Jesus with them. Our Lord chose for His human likeness to be deformed and removed so that He could be found again after His resurrection—found in many ways, but especially so that He could be found in the poor, the abandoned, the suffering—found in people today who are suffering in loneliness, the worst human disease.
We made our Stations of the Cross, the fourteen of them around our church, not so that when we reach the fourteenth we would stop, but so that we would continue to make our stations of the cross in our lives. There are men and women and children in our county who today are suffering, and in their suffering, Jesus lives His passion. Each lonely person is a Station of the Cross, are we there? And people when they fall, because they stumble in their troubles, that is a station of the Cross—are we there, to help them pick up their cross as Simon of Cyrene was there? And the lonely people we see in our neighborhood—will we be the those who look and do not see? Let us look and see.
And as we make our Stations of the Cross, as Jesus taught His disciples they are to do—to love the least of His brethren—let us always have the joy we share at Jesus entering into Jerusalem—hosanna in the highest. All glory, laud and honor—this is our joy, for the joy that empowers of loving of the lonely is Jesus, and all we do, we do for Him. Because He did everything for us.
Offered by Father Matthew Dallman, Obl.S.B., for the Parish of Tazewell County on Ash Wednesday, 2019.
It is important to understand that the great cloud of witnesses alluded to by the writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews is the cloud by the likes of Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, and all the great men and women of the Old Testament. The cloud that surrounds us in the cloud of their faith. It is the way we talk about God’s intimate presence—what’s called God’s immanence—and the response of faith to His immanent presence. It is always the recognition of God’s presence amid us that comes first, and our response second. God always acts first, His grace precedes our awareness. And what we call God’s calling to us is the very act of Him making Himself available to our awareness.
This is demonstrated unforgettably in the Book of Job, and the faith of Job is certainly a central aspect of the cloud of witnesses that surround us. In the book, Job is described as blameless and upright, one who feared God and turned away from evil. Despite living such a holy life, Job loses everything through interference by Satan that is allowed by God, and furthermore is afflicted in his person by Satan. And Job in his humiliation sat among the ashes. A long series of discussions ensue between Job and friends, about God and Who God is, and how He acts. And with respect to their arguments, Job remains in the right.
And then as the friends are rendered speechless by Job’s insight and reasoning, or at least they stopped talking, out of a whirlwind appears God. And how God answers the three men and Job is truly remarkable. It is an account certainly based on God’s power, but even moreso on God’s mysterious power—God has not only laid the foundation of the earth but done so as the morning stars sang together. He not only shut in the sea with doors but gave the clouds their garment. It is He that accounts for the inexplicable instincts of animals such as the eagle, the ostrich, the deer, the mountain goat, the horse. But He also commands the morning, and causes the dawn to know its place. It is a tremendous account of God’s majesty and His mystery.
It puts the four men and Job in their place. Job’s response is “I have uttered what I did not understand, things too wonderful for me, which I did not know. . . therefore I despise myself and repent in dust and ashes.” And all that Job lost is restored—his family, his land and animals, even more so than before. Job therefore is strengthened through it all, he is not made weak but stronger but this encounter of God. But this encounter nonetheless revealed something absolutely central to healthy faith and spiritual growth—and it is the recognition that we are creatures. It is the profound truth that we are created—it is God who hath made us and not we ourselves. God walks among us. God talks among us. God knows all our thoughts, desires, and secrets. But our relationship with God is fundamentally unequal—our creaturehood in the face of the Creator of all things visible and invisible is a truth of inexhaustible value in prayer, and it is the basis for the proper understanding of God and His divine holiness. It is the basis for peace and calm.
It is this question of who God is that is at stake in the parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector, which, in the words of one New Testament scholar, “speaks to something deep within the heart of every human.” The heart is where we encounter God and is the arena where God encounters us. It is in our heart that we do battle against temptations—for the heart is the seat of the will, the mother of our decisions and intentions. What happens inwardly in our heart in this battle between the conflicts that make up our human existence is lived out in our actions, our behavior, our words and deeds.
This is why it is often said that what we say we believe is less important than how we live our lives according to those beliefs. When Christian actions, broadly construed, are at great odds with stated beliefs, the term for that is hypocrisy. But when Christian actions are in accord with stated Christian beliefs, the term for that is holiness. But the lives of holy person and the hypocrite can look quite similar, as the that of the Pharisee and Tax Collector probably did from about fifty feet away. It is only by knowing something of their inner world of prayer, which Saint Luke gives us from the words of Our Lord Jesus, that we can discern that despite appearances, the differences between the Pharisee and the Tax Collect are great.
At root in this parable is the attitude towards God. Behind the boastful, love of self that we see in the Pharisee is a very ordinary view of God. This is a god that loves gossip, that loves bragging, that favors the elite, and favors the proud. And the teaching here is that the Pharisee is making God out to be exactly like himself: God in the image of man, and specifically, of this man. And the Pharisee is addressing God as if he and God are on the same plane, the same level—and even because the Pharisee’s words are little more that gossip, secretly the Pharisee inwardly thinks he can control God, and that is why he fasts and that is why he tithes, so that he can claim a holy specialness.
What the Tax Collector says in his prayer is equally illustrative, but notice how different it is. Not lifting his eyes to heaven, he beats his breast and says, “God, be merciful to me a sinner.” None of the comparison of himself to others, none of the idolatrous self-love, none of the celebration of self-accomplishment seen in the Pharisee. Rather, the simplicity and truth of the Tax Collector expresses humility. The words of the Tax Collector are the words of Job. Both recognize the immanent presence of God in their hearts, and both are struck nearly speechless by His presence both mysterious and tremendous—fundamentally incomprehensible. Their prayer is the prayer of creaturehood—of ultimate humility.
This is why the Church imposes ashes upon our foreheads. It is not a mark intended to evoke sorrow, to make us weak, or to focus inordinately on our mortality. Job was in ashes and he was empowered by God. The ashes are a mark of truth—that we are creatures. We are created. God’s power and majesty is inexplicable in human terms and yet this is a power we participate in by His grace, and indeed that we are to be agents of for others. Ashes are to give the same peace and calm to us that God gave to Job—a peace that settles us, a calm that pervades us, that comes through the right knowledge of who God is and who we His creatures are. And with that knowledge—with that peace and calm, and only with that peace and calm—can we rightly enter Lent, and allow the deepest truth of our creaturehood in the face of an unfathomable Creator to work on our hearts. We enter Lent much like Peter, John, and James walked down the mountain after the Transfiguration—overwhelmed in such a way that provides clarity necessary for proper repentence.
Offered by Father Matthew Dallman, Obl.S.B., for the Parish of Tazewell County on the Sixteenth Sunday after Trinity (Seventeenth Sunday after Pentecost), 2018.
It is a funny pattern that we humans have whenever a new technology is introduced. New techbomogy is always first understood in the terms of the technology it is replacing. The perfect example is the automobile; when it was introduced, it was spoken of as the “horseless carriage.” Or, as another example, the internet was spoken of as the “information superhighway.” These are metaphors, yet these give a vivid sense as to what the innovation actually is. The car, yes it is a carriage—but it is a horseless carriage. The internet is for information, but it is not like a library one has to travel to—no, the information is already mobile and on a superhighway-like-thing: it travels to you with the touch of the fingers. In other words, the pattern is that what is being replaced or made obsolete becomes the shell of initial interpretation for what is new.
We see the same thing in the Scriptures. “Who do men say that I am?” Jesus asks His disciples. And they said, “Some say John the Baptist, others say Eli′jah, and others Jeremiah or one of the prophets.” The terms for understanding and interpreting Jesus used widely in Jewish society were not up to date; or, stated differently but in a sense more accurately, God’s revelation in the Incarnation was such a monumental leap forward in the “spiritual technology,” it is perfectly understandable why the terms to interpret Him had not caught up. He was either a prophet, or He was a military revolutionary—both of which were wrong, but those were the categories of serious public figures for first-century Palestine.
Offered by Father Matthew Dallman, Obl.S.B., for the Parish of Tazewell County, on the Twenty-Third Sunday after Pentecost (Proper 27, Year A), 2017.
Five maidens were wise, and five were foolish. The five who were wise took flasks of oil with them as they waited for the bridegroom to open the door. The five who were foolish brought no oil with them. They were too busy finding other matters important than to tend to this preparation. Asking the wise maidens to give them some oil, they were refused. Scrambling then to find more oil, by the time they returned, the door was closed to them. And despite their pleas to enter, the bridegroom does not reconsider, but instead says, “Truly, I do not know you.” They are unrecognizable to him, for if they have not taken seriously the preparations for this most significant day, their presence will not add to the festivity but detract from it.
Offered by Father Matthew Dallman, Obl.S.B., for the Parish of Tazewell County, on the Feast of All Saints, 2017.
As the Adult Study Classes began early last month our close examination of the Gospel according to Saint Mark, I invited the classes to an exercise in which we name significant things we would lose of the Christian life if the only Gospel account of Jesus Christ that came down to us was from Mark; in other words, if Matthew, Luke and John, and for that matter the rest of the New Testament books, did not exist, only the account recorded by Mark. I was not the least bit surprised to see that each class caught on quickly to what we would lose in that scenario. The first response in each case was—we would lose Christmas, because Mark begins his gospel not with the infancy of Jesus but with his mature ministry. Quickly were named many of the rest: knowledge of Blessed Mary, important parables such as the Prodigal Son and the Good Samaritan. If we only had Mark’s Gospel, we also would not have the Sermon on the Mount, and so we would not have the Beatitudes that we hear in our Gospel lesson on this Feast of All Saints.
Offered by Father Matthew Dallman, Obl.S.B., for the Parish of Tazewell County, on the Nineteenth Sunday after Pentecost (Proper 23, Year A), 2017.
Our Collect this week dates from at least the 8th century, and it is the shortest, most concise of all the Sunday Collects used throughout the year. But despite its brevity, it contains in concentrated, devotional idiom what has been called the first principle of sound theology. And because of its brevity, it can be easily memorized and used throughout one’s life, almost as a mantra or personal refrain.
Offered by Father Matthew Dallman for the Parish of Tazewell County, on the Eleventh Sunday after Pentecost (Proper 15, Year A), 2017. | 2019-04-25T09:57:36Z | http://tazewellparish.org/site/tag/humility/ |
The end of the year seems to make everyone feel somewhat nostalgic and retrospective, looking back over the good things that happened in the past year.
At the same time, we feel some sense of anticipation for all the yet unknown things that are yet to be.
Right now, there are folks all over Internet-land sharing their best blog posts of the year. There are others making and posting their resolutions, or claiming their one WORD to represent their emphasis for the New Year. There are stories of big accomplishments and ambitious goals.
I’m over here…like…I have no utter idea what to write.
Here on the hill, one season just kind of slides into the next. Even when one project is finished, we’ve already got another one going and something else is moving up to take its place on our priority list. There is no actual finish line. It’s said that farmers are always thinking ahead at least three seasons (and I can personally attest to that)…maybe that’s why it seems like nothing ever ends around here.
Our New Year’s Eve will be fairly similar to New Year’s Day…and even the Thursday following it (and the next Friday, Saturday…Sunday…) There won’t be any late night parties or big-time celebrations. I’ll be doing the late night/all night thing during lambing season and I need to “pace myself”.
We didn’t have any big changes here on the hill. But, all the talk of past accomplishments and learning opportunities got me wondering just what did go on around here in the past year.
Looking back, 2014 was a pretty good year.
Lambing season was successfully un-eventful. THREE sets of triplets really helped our reproduction stats. (even though it did mean some extra work) And, we only ended up with one lamb in the house! (that was only overnight) This year’s lamb chop crop was perhaps the most delicious in our history! Here are a couple last season's lambing posts.
We had a colder March than anyone could remember and it did truly affect sales for much of the season. There were no strawberries to speak of this year. And, tree fruit was virtually non-existent. (not just us, the entire Valley had a peach and apple shortage) The cucumber and squash plants FROZE twice. I am certain that the Boss and I spent hours covering (and uncovering) broccoli and onion transplants. But, we actually sold MORE fresh broccoli than ever before. And, we still have onions for sale. (go figure) And, the Brussels sprouts did extraordinarily well, despite Gus and his propensity for destruction. Did you read this one?
I did a week-long series for Farmers' Market week that starts HERE.
Summer was what summer always is around here…a somewhat chaotic, frenetic dance of planting, harvesting and sales. The temperatures were below average, although it was still plenty hot when I was out there picking (picking, picking, picking….) green beans.
…and before we knew it, it was fall again.
Then, Market season was over.
With the end of the Market, our attention turns to other things. Like home improvement and getting all that filing done before tax time. We are both still admiring our flooring job and wondering why we didn’t go ahead with that project YEARS ago. (and I actually finished the filing!) I also completed my second year of blogging every day in November. Did you read "30 days of Lessons from the Farm" ?
In late December, we always take time to have our annual “corporate” meeting.
Since our space is limited, real estate is at a premium, those frustrating, problematic crops need to be eliminated and so other more sure-fire items can take their place. We don’t make these changes lightly, but our sustainability and profitability are more important that growing every single vegetable possible.
Our review and revisions in place, we are ready for the arrival of 2015.
After taking an inventory of the seeds on hand, it’s time to make those big orders for the growing season, while trying to keep some focus on the “off-season”. All our winter-time customers are looking for spinach and lettuce and anything green, so we will do our best to satisfy them (to some degree) despite the cold, dark winter days that are sure to come. To that end, one greenhouse is cleaned and organized and I’ll be sowing lettuce and spinach later today. Cleaning the other greenhouse and working in the hoophouses may just be the way we start the New Year.
Because…well, the cycle of life, y’all. There is always something to seed, plant, harvest (or weed) around here. See what I mean about one thing just sliding into the next?
2015 promises to be a year to remember.
This is due in part to this exciting news posted by our eldest daughter and son-in-law's dog. While our becoming grandparents doesn’t directly affect the farm…it DOES affect EVERTHING! Congrats to our kids! (and Savannah, the dog) We are so very happy and excited.
Soon there will be lambs and chicks and little seedlings…the sun will shine and the sky will rain (hopefully) and we’ll head off to our 18th year as Market vendors. 18 years…I truly cannot believe it’s been that long.
…and all that it may hold. I honestly can’t wait to see what lies ahead.
any guesses as to how many lambs...?
Thanks to all of you who have read along with me in 2014! I hope you'll keep following and commenting.
…well, not quite…I think the season officially changes at 6:03pm Eastern time. Other than a few very early morning snowflakes, there’s no real obvious signs of the change in season. It’s been looking fairly wintry for a while now. But, the days will start getting longer tomorrow and someone somewhere will start the countdown to Spring.
This time last week, the weather guys started talking about the possibility of a huge winter storm. And, I must say, that possibility colored my thinking for the entire week. Not to mention what effect it had on our plans for the week and weekend delivery. I will spare you my soapbox dissertation on the “issues” of snow on the farm (and business) and just be quietly thankful that the forecasters were wrong, wrong….completely wrong. Hooray!
If you thought last week here on the hill was something…then I’m sure you will find this week completely "scintillating". (spoiler alert---it was BORING, really BORING…and I’m used to our “non-exciting” lifestyle) It's not that we didn't do ANYTHING...just repeats of the same old, same old.
But, the floor is officially done. Neither one of us can get over the fact that it's so beautiful...and it's finally DONE!
When I said I was on to “other things” I meant that I got the task of putting everything back in order after the construction job was finished. That entailed a lot of cleaning and re-organizing and asking (out loud) WHAT in the world did we save THIS for? We (I) tend to save things that look “useful”. And, while this often comes in handy around the farm, it can be problematic when attempting to keep the household organized. It looks like a trip to the dump is looming large on the horizon.
Somewhere in all the organizing, I got a new vet box (which I hope to stock today) in anticipation of lambing season. It's just around the corner. Have you ever wondered WHAT is in my vet box? For that matter what IS the vet box? Well, here, read this one. I’m pretty sure we are well prepared for lambing, but it is always good to get a complete inventory supply with some time to spare. This week, we’ll work the ewes and make our final preparations. The Boss will get the jug pens arranged once we finish feeding out the extra hay and we have a little more room.
Can you tell I’m looking forward to lambing? It’s rather like Christmas on steroids…totally exciting and thoroughly nerve-wracking (and always over far too soon).
This week had very little excitement (seriously, it was even duller than last week). The dog went to the vet, again. (somehow, she had never gotten one of her shots…don’t know how that happened, but we’re good now) But, I did get to visit with my favorite vet for the first time in a couple of years, so that was good. We talked for a bit and I think he misses our cows, too. Then, I ended up making TWO trips to the feed store (in my preparation for the non-existent snowstorm) But, that meant that I got to visit with the hay guy (and the missus) and that was one hilarious conversation. I’m still laughing.
Despite the weather forecast and the lack of strong sunlight and the cold of December…there was actually stuff to pick for this week’s delivery! While it was not as much as I would have liked to have…and nowhere near enough to satisfy ALL our customers (I’m pretty sure that is impossible anyway) we had another good week even though it was really COLD for our pick-up. Sales for this December have been at an all-time high. We are incredibly thankful to have such great customers. We’ll spend some quality time in the hoophouses this week in an effort to keep greens production going throughout the winter.
The mail brought the Census of Horticultural Specialties from the USDA and NASS. This 28-page form needs to be completed and returned in relatively short order. Filling out this type of paperwork (it can be done online) is time-consuming and may seem unnecessary to some. And, I admit, my first thought was not “oh, joy…more paperwork!” But, I’m just nerdy enough to appreciate all those facts and figures in one place. When all the reports are finished and the results tallied, it is amazing to see just what goes into Ag production around the nation. And, yes, I do plan on sharing some of those facts and figures with you. Agriculture (and all it's many facets) is just astounding.
Another “truly scintillating” week on the hill. Do read the sarcasm in this sentence.
Thanks for stopping by! Come see us again real soon.
I love talking to the neighbors.
You generally learn something new about farming or the neighborhood. You see things from a new perspective. Or at the very least, you hear something amusing. If you’re lucky and talk with the right neighbors, you get all three in one conversation!
Some time ago, we were talking to the hay guy (and the missus). They nearly always come as a duo, and generally have two conversations going at once; she will interrupt her own story to correct his (and vice versa). They are a wealth of local knowledge and truly amusing to boot. Honestly, I could talk to them all day. …and sometimes, that nearly happens.
We were discussing farming and history and how things are done. “Waaalll, I don’t do that one no more...” was uttered more than once. Until the hay guy grinned a little sheepishly and said “Waaalll, it don’t sound like I really do much at all, now does it?” and he chuckled at himself.
He’s been farming a long time. His family has farmed here for many generations. He’s seen trends come and go. He’s tried things and knows what does (and does NOT) work for him. He’s asked and answered all the hard questions about life and farming. …and he’s okay with the fact that he’s getting “up there” in years and has to conserve his time, his energy and his resources if he wants to keep on farming until he’s called to his reward. I’m certain he knows what exactly he needs to do to keep his farm and farming efforts sustainable.
With all the talk of sustainability today, I don’t know if the folks tossing the word about have ever thought about what the word really means and how it plays out on the family farm.
Sustainability is “the ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitely.” A simple, elegant (somewhat flawed) definition. Indefinitely? Is it possible for anything to continue indefinitely?
While it would be every farmer’s desire to “continue indefinitely”, circumstances often dictate change of one kind or another (in order to continue farming) which may seem to run counter to the definition. Over time, a farm evolves, taking into consideration weather changes, public demand, unexpected life events and even health issues. These lead to the introduction of new crops, different methods, labor-saving devices (and practices) and possible diversification. As the farming population ages, work-arounds to accommodate health and safety concerns become issues as well. And, when the next generation takes over, things really change although the farm itself remains a sustainable entity.
At the end of every season, it’s time to take stock and ask ourselves the hard questions as we prepare for the next year. Is this really worth it? Are we being good stewards? Does this method actually work? Is there demand? Can we continue this method/crop for the long-haul? Are we still satisfied and happy? Do we have the strength (physical/mental/emotional) to keep on keeping on? Could we be better? (that would be better stewards, better workers, more organized, better marketers...the list goes on and on) These are just some of the questions we have to ask ourselves, rather than simply hoping we can be “sustainable”.
Sustainability is the ability to continue.
It doesn’t mean no inputs, no matter what you might read on-line. Fertilization and pest control are essential to continued growth and food production. The methods used for both are reviewed (often) and changed, particularly when there are options that are less toxic and/or more effective. It also does not mean clinging blindly to the “old ways” or just the things our grandparents would have remembered.
…and there’s always that little matter of profitability… I know there is a growing trend to think that food should somehow be produced for free…but, if farmers aren’t able to pay production costs, there is no way the operation can be sustainable.
These are hard questions. Tough considerations. Sometimes changes must be made and those don't come easy.
We aren’t the only farmers reviewing these subjects. Over the years I have been greatly impressed with the great amounts of hard-earned knowledge possessed by those in the “humble profession”.
And, I am not exaggerating when I say hard-earned…any success is only possible by the (very literal) “sweat of your brow” in the farming world. A lot of thought and soul-searching goes into farm decisions.
Years and years ago, when lots of young folks headed out to “the big city” it first began to become difficult to find farm help. So, many farmers switched to round bales when making hay. This was a big deal. New and different equipment meant the face of farming changed forever. The small squares had become the norm and many still use them. (although, you must remember that even baling was “new technology” at one point--- before that hay was just stacked loose) But, far more acreage can be cut and baled using a round bale system in a timely fashion, and doesn’t require near the man (or woman) power. And, cows really don’t show a preference for the shape of their meals. The change allowed farmers to “continue on indefinitely”, although hay season began to look far different.
Our own desire to “continue on indefinitely” meant that there have been times when we had to stop, re-think and change directions.
While I truly loved my cows, when it came to profitability, it just wasn’t happening. Raw milk sales are illegal in our state. (and raw milk consumption is a topic for another discussion) With a couple of cows on a small acreage, becoming a licensed dairy wasn’t an option. Bootlegging is not appealing and jumping through the hoops or circumventing the law was either too expensive or time-consuming to keep what were essentially gigantic pets. Making milk soap was fun and even though we sold a fair amount, it wasn’t enough to justify the added work and expense.
Wintertime is our time for review and revision. Those cold, gloomy days are perfect for assessing the past and planning for the future. (and keeps us from falling asleep next to the warmth of the woodstove) There are numerous crops, some methods and more than a few ventures that we have discarded over the years. And, there are always new things to consider.
So, whether it’s looking at earnings figures…(I do love my Quickbooks), discussing the failures and frustrations, or taking note of the successes… we have to be willing to ask the hard questions and perhaps even say “Waallll, I don’t do that one no more...” on occasion in order to “continue on indefinitely”.
Let’s hear it for asking (and answering) the hard questions and the quest for farming sustainability!
...and where IS my breakfast?
Around here…there’s not a whole lot to report.
We spent the vast majority of the week on our knees.
…and we were not praying.
When I said we were working on the big flooring project, I really meant WE were working on the big flooring project. No contractors, no helpers, just the Boss and me (and our trusty knee pads).
After years of use and abuse, it was beyond time to fix the floor.
With our autograph in place for future generations...we began working on the floor.
the hole-y floor is gone forever!
I'm pretty proud of that cut around the toilet!
For right now, the ewes are just hanging out, eating and growing the lambs that will start arriving in just about one month. Next week, we will spend some time getting the barn and the sheep ready for the new arrivals. We got some new heatlamps and hopefully they live up to our expectations. I’m really looking forward to lambing…that’s when I finally get to see if those breeding choices I made work out like I thought they would.
can you see the hens out there working?
The crops in the hoophouses are slowly…slowly growing.
The frosty nights have slowed things down considerably. There are numerous plantings that I had hoped I would be picking by now that are still just sitting there, under the frost blanket…waiting for a little warm sunshine. Crop re-growth is very slow and somewhat unpredictable this time of year, although it does happen. The weeds in the hoophouse, on the other hand, are growing profusely. It’s just not fair! If I could just convince everyone that the weeds are truly tasty (and they really are) we’d be set. However, the hens would miss their greens and we still wouldn’t have enough greens to satisfy our customers. (and chickweed is hard to pick nicely) So…we’ll just stick with the status quo.
While there hasn’t been a whole lot of action to note around here this week, the skies have been amazing. I’m sure there is some explanation for the beautiful skies of December, but I’m not privy to it…so, we just enjoy the light show. Thursday’s sky was particularly noteworthy, there were Facebook posts from all over the area.
In the midst of flooring, we did indeed get out winter sales email sent out and the responses flooded back in. Wow! Week two was even bigger than week one! And, despite the fact that we NEED more lettuce…and a lot MORE spinach (I’m trying…y’all…I’m trying!), everyone seemed happy with their purchases. Our customers are great!
We’ll take a little break today, although the Boss has to finish up some trim work and I have to do some clean-up, laundry and bake some bread for the upcoming week. We’ll get back to our farm work and floor job later. I will also be writing to the FDA (did you read THIS?) I know I’m cutting it close…the deadline for comment on the FMSA is December 15th. That's TOMORROW!
I’d say that maybe we’d have some exciting news next time…but, quite honestly…excitement is not something we want here on the farm. Excitement generally means something unexpected happened…and unexpected is generally not a good thing. So, personally, I really like dull…and predictable. While it doesn’t make for real interesting reading, it does mean that all is well and going according to plan. You know…no news is good news.
Oh, wait...there was some news. Sort of.
We had snow, sleet and freezing rain...which melted fairly quickly, but did add a bit of "interest" to the flooring job.
Where did the cat go, Gus?
Then, there were the "extreme free-ranging" chickens. About a dozen hens found a hole in the fence and were checking out the farm. A short, intense chicken-roundup followed.
And, that, my friends was the totally uneventful week on the hill.
Thanks for visiting! Come back and see us again real soon. | 2019-04-23T21:49:44Z | https://homesteadhillfarm.blogspot.com/2014/ |
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We will make the Service available to You and an unlimited number of Your Users free of charge until the earlier of (a) the date on which the Trial Period expires or (b) the start date of any Purchased Services ordered by You. ANY DATA YOU ENTER INTO THE SERVICES, DURING YOUR FREE TRIAL WILL BE PERMANENTLY LOST UNLESS YOU PURCHASE A SUBSCRIPTION TO OUR SERVICE. NOTWITHSTANDING SECTION 9 (WARRANTIES AND DISCLAIMERS), DURING THE FREE TRIAL THE SERVICES ARE PROVIDED "AS-IS" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. Please review the User Guide during the Trial Period so that You become familiar with the features and functionality of the Services before You make Your purchase.
We shall make the Purchased Services available to You pursuant to this Agreement during a subscription term. You agree that Your purchases hereunder are neither contingent on the delivery of any future functionality or features nor dependent on any oral or written public comments made by Us or any other third party regarding future feature or functionality.
a. Our Responsibilities. We shall: (i) provide to You basic support for the Purchased Services at no additional charge, and/or upgraded support if purchased separately, (ii) use commercially reasonable efforts to make the Purchased Services available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, except for: (a) planned downtime (of which We shall give at least 24 hours notice via the Purchased Services and which We shall schedule to the extent practicable during the weekend hours from 6:00 p.m. Pacific time Friday to 3:00 a.m. Pacific time Monday), or (b) any unavailability caused by circumstances beyond Our reasonable control, including without limitation, acts of God, acts of government, flood, fire, earthquakes, civil unrest, acts of terror, strikes or other labor problems (other than those involving Our employees), or Internet service provider failures or delays, and (iii) provide the Purchased Services only in accordance with applicable laws and government regulations.
b. Your Responsibilities. You shall (i) be responsible for Users' compliance with this Agreement, (ii) be solely responsible for the accuracy, quality, integrity and legality of Your Data and of the means by which You acquired Your Data, (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to prevent unauthorized access to or use of the Services, and notify Us promptly of any such unauthorized access or use, and (iv) use the Services only in accordance with applicable laws and government regulations. You shall not (a) make the Services available to any third party other than Users, (b) sell, resell, rent or lease the Services, (c) use the Services to store or transmit infringing, libelous, or otherwise unlawful or tortious material, or to store or transmit material in violation of third-party privacy rights, (d) use the Services to store or transmit Malicious Code, (e) interfere with or disrupt the integrity or performance of the Services or third-party data contained therein, or (f) attempt to gain unauthorized access to the Services or their related systems or networks.
c. Usage Limitations. Services may be subject to other limitations, such as, for example, limits on disk storage space, on the number of calls You are permitted to make against Our application programming interface, and, for Services that enable You to provide public websites, on the number of page views by visitors to those websites. Any such limitations are specified in the written proposal or as my otherwise be communicated to You by Us in writing from time to time.
a. Acquisition of Third-Party Products and Services. We may offer Third-Party Applications for sale through Our Web Site. Any other acquisition by You of third-party products or services, including but not limited to Third-Party Applications and implementation, customization and other consulting services, and any exchange of data between You and any third-party provider, is solely between You and the applicable third-party provider. We do not warrant or support third-party products or services, whether or not they are designated by Us as "certified" or otherwise, except as specified in Our Fee Agreement which we have or will send to you or as otherwise set forth in a written order for the Purchased Services (an “Order Form”); an executed Fee Agreement shall constitute an Order Form under this Agreement). No purchase of third-party products or services is required to use the Services.
b. Third-Party Applications and Your Data. If You install or enable Third-Party Applications for use with Services, You acknowledge that We may allow providers of those Third-Party Applications to access Your Data as required for the interoperation of such Third-Party Applications with the Services. We shall not be responsible for any disclosure, modification or deletion of Your Data resulting from any such access by Third-Party Application providers. The Services shall allow You to restrict such access by restricting Users from installing or enabling such Third-Party Applications for use with the Services.
a. User Fees. You shall pay all fees specified hereunder. We post our fees for our Services on our Web Site or in written proposals that We present to You. Those fees and rates for Services specified on the written proposal are hereby incorporated herein by this reference as though fully set forth herein. Except as otherwise specified herein, (i) fees are quoted and payable in United States dollars, (ii) actual fees will be based on the number of Administrators (HR/Recruiters) requested/identified in the system and the number of active managers in a month as well as any applicable usage fees, and (iii) payment obligations are non-cancelable and fees paid are non-refundable. User subscription fees are based on monthly periods that commence on the first day of the starting month and each monthly anniversary thereof; therefore, fees for User subscriptions added anytime during a monthly period will be charged for that full monthly period. At Our discretion, we reserve the right to discount Our fees to those of our customers who elect to purchase yearly, rather than monthly, subscriptions. We reserve the right to modify our fees at any time.
b. Invoicing and Payment. One time fees are due upon our receipt of the signed fee proposal; subscription fees will be charged monthly for the prior month’s usage. We will bill You by invoice unless You specifically request to be billed by credit card. If You provide credit card information to Us, You authorize Us to charge such credit for all Purchased Services for the initial subscription term and any renewal subscription term(s) as set forth in Section 12.2 (Term of Purchased User Subscriptions). You are responsible for maintaining complete and accurate billing and contact information in the Services. You agree to pay undisputed invoices within thirty (30) days of receipt.
c. Returned checks. In the event that your check is returned, you will be re-invoiced and charged a $25 processing fee per returned check.
d. Overdue Charges. If any charges are not received from You by the due date (except charges then under reasonable and good faith dispute), then at Our discretion, (a) such charges may accrue late interest at the rate of 1.5% of the outstanding balance per month, or the maximum rate permitted by law, whichever is lower, from the date such payment was due until the date paid, and/or (b) We may condition future subscription renewals and orders on payment terms shorter than those specified in Section 6.2 (Invoicing and Payment).
e. Charges 30 or More Days Overdue. If any charge owing by You under this or any other agreement for Services is 30 or more days overdue (except charges then under reasonable and good faith dispute), We may, without limiting Our other rights and remedies, accelerate Your unpaid fee obligations under such agreements so that all such obligations become immediately due and payable, and suspend Services until such amounts are paid in full.
f. Taxes. Unless otherwise stated, Our fees do not include any taxes, levies, duties or similar governmental assessments of any nature, including but not limited to value-added, sales, use or withholding taxes, assessable by any local, state, provincial, federal or foreign jurisdiction (collectively, "Taxes"). You are responsible for paying all Taxes associated with Your purchases hereunder. If We have the legal obligation to pay or collect Taxes for which You are responsible under this paragraph, the appropriate amount shall be invoiced to and paid by You, unless You provide Us with a valid tax exemption certificate authorized by the appropriate taxing authority. For clarity, We are solely responsible for taxes assessable against Us based on Our income, property and employees.
a. Reservation of Rights. Subject to the limited rights expressly granted hereunder, We reserve all rights, title and interest in and to the Services, including all related intellectual property rights. No rights are granted to You hereunder other than as expressly set forth herein.
b. Limited License. We provide to you a limited, non-transferrable and non-assignable, revocable, paid up (except for the fees due), worldwide license to use the Services, including any related software or technologies, according to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
c. Restrictions. You shall not (i) permit any third party to access the Services except as permitted herein or in an Order Form, (ii) create derivate works based on the Services, (iii) copy, frame or mirror any part or content of the Services, other than copying or framing on Your own intranets or otherwise for Your own internal business purposes, (iv) reverse engineer the Services, or (v) access the Services in order to (a) build a competitive product or service, or (b) copy any features, functions or graphics of the Services.
d. Ownership of Your Data. As between Us and You, You exclusively own all rights, title and interest in and to all of Your Data.
e. Suggestions. We shall have a royalty-free, worldwide, transferable, sublicensable, irrevocable, perpetual license to use or incorporate into the Services any suggestions, enhancement requests, recommendations or other feedback provided by You, including Users, relating to the operation of the Services.
f. Federal Government End Use Provisions. We provide the Services, including related software and technology, for ultimate federal government end use solely in accordance with the following: Government technical data and software rights related to the Services include only those rights customarily provided to the public as defined in this Agreement. This customary commercial license is provided in accordance with FAR 12.211 (Technical Data) and FAR 12.212 (Software) and, for Department of Defense transactions, DFAR 252.227-7015 (Technical Data – Commercial Items) and DFAR 227.7202-3 (Rights in Commercial Computer Software or Computer Software Documentation). If a government agency has a need for rights not conveyed under these terms, it must negotiate with Us to determine if there are acceptable terms for transferring such rights, and a mutually acceptable written addendum specifically conveying such rights must be included in any applicable contract or agreement.
8. Please note that, pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 512(f), any misrepresentation of material fact (falsities) in a written notification automatically subjects the complaining party to liability for any damages, costs and attorney’s fees incurred by us in connection with the written notification and allegation of copyright infringement.
a. Definition of Confidential Information. As used herein, "Confidential Information" means all confidential information disclosed by a party ("Disclosing Party") to the other party ("Receiving Party"), whether orally or in writing, that is designated as confidential or that reasonably should be understood to be confidential given the nature of the information and the circumstances of disclosure. Your Confidential Information shall include Your Data; Our Confidential Information shall include the Services and all underlying information related thereto; and Confidential Information of each party shall include the terms and conditions of this Agreement, as well as business and marketing plans, technology and technical information, product plans and designs, and business processes disclosed by such party. However, Confidential Information (other than Your Data) shall not include any information that (i) is or becomes generally known to the public without breach of any obligation owed to the Disclosing Party, (ii) was known to the Receiving Party prior to its disclosure by the Disclosing Party without breach of any obligation owed to the Disclosing Party, (iii) is received from a third party without breach of any obligation owed to the Disclosing Party, or (iv) was independently developed by the Receiving Party.
b. Protection of Confidential Information. Except as otherwise permitted in writing by the Disclosing Party, (i) the Receiving Party shall use the same degree of care that it uses to protect the confidentiality of its own confidential information of like kind (but in no event less than reasonable care) not to disclose or use any Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party for any purpose outside the scope of this Agreement, and (ii) the Receiving Party shall limit access to Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party to those of its employees, contractors and agents who need such access for purposes consistent with this Agreement and who have signed confidentiality agreements with the Receiving Party containing protections no less stringent than those herein.
c. Protection of Your Data. Without limiting the above, We shall maintain appropriate administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect the confidentiality and integrity of Your Data and to keep Your Data as secure as reasonably possible. We shall not (a) modify Your Data, (b) disclose Your Data except as compelled by law in accordance with Section 7(f) (Compelled Disclosure) or as expressly permitted in writing by You, or (c) access Your Data except to provide the Services or prevent or address service or technical problems, or at Your request in connection with customer support matters.
d. Compelled Disclosure. The Receiving Party may disclose Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party if it is compelled by law to do so, provided the Receiving Party gives the Disclosing Party prior notice of such compelled disclosure (to the extent legally permitted) and reasonable assistance, at the Disclosing Party's cost, if the Disclosing Party wishes to contest the disclosure. If the Receiving Party is compelled by law to disclose the Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information as part of a civil proceeding to which the Disclosing Party is a party, and the Disclosing Party is not contesting the disclosure, the Disclosing Party will reimburse the Receiving Party for its reasonable cost of compiling and providing secure access to such Confidential Information.
a. Our Warranties. We warrant that (i) the Services shall perform materially in accordance with the User Guide, and (ii) subject to Section 4(a), the functionality of the Services will not be materially decreased during a subscription term. For any breach of either such warranty, Your exclusive remedy shall be as provided in Section 12(c) (Termination for Cause) and Section 12(d) (Refund or Payment upon Termination) below.
b. Mutual Warranties. Each party represents and warrants that (i) it has the legal power to enter into this Agreement, and (ii) it will not transmit to the other party any Malicious Code (except for Malicious Code previously transmitted to the warranting party by the other party).
c. Disclaimer. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED HEREIN, NEITHER PARTY MAKES ANY WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, AND EACH PARTY SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
a. Indemnification by Us. We shall defend You against any claim, demand, suit, or proceeding ("Claim") made or brought against You by a third party alleging that the use of the Services as permitted hereunder infringes or misappropriates the intellectual property rights of a third party, and shall indemnify You for any damages finally awarded against You, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs incurred defending against the Claim, in connection with any such Claim; provided, that You (a) promptly give Us written notice of the Claim; (b) give Us sole control of the defense and settlement of the Claim (and furthermore that We may not settle any Claim unless the settlement unconditionally releases You of all liability); and (c) provide to Us all reasonable assistance, at Our expense.
b. Indemnification by You. You shall defend Us against any Claim made or brought against Us by a third party alleging that Your breach of this Agreement or your negligence or willful misconduct has caused a third party damages or Your Data, or Your use of the Services in violation of this Agreement, infringes or misappropriates the intellectual property rights of a third party or violates applicable law. In such instances, You shall indemnify Us for any damages finally awarded against Us, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs incurred defending against the Claim, in connection with any such Claim; provided, that We (a) promptly give You written notice of the Claim; (b) give You sole control of the defense and settlement of the Claim (provided that You may not settle any Claim unless the settlement unconditionally release Us of all liability); and (c) provide to You all reasonable assistance, at Your expense.
c. Exclusive Remedy. This Section 10 (Mutual Indemnification) states the indemnifying party's sole liability to, and the indemnified party's exclusive remedy against, the other party for any type of Claim described in this Section.
a. Limitation of Liability. IN NO EVENT SHALL EITHER PARTY'S AGGREGATE LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR UNDER ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY, EXCEED THE TOTAL AMOUNT PAID BY YOU HEREUNDER OR, WITH RESPECT TO ANY SINGLE INCIDENT, THE LESSER OF $10,000 OR THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU HEREUNDER IN THE 12 MONTHS PRECEDING THE INCIDENT. THE FOREGOING SHALL NOT LIMIT YOUR PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS UNDER SECTION 6 (FEES AND PAYMENT FOR PURCHASED SERVICES).
b. Exclusion of Consequential and Related Damages. IN NO EVENT SHALL EITHER PARTY HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO THE OTHER PARTY FOR ANY LOST PROFITS OR REVENUES OR FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, COVER OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES HOWEVER CAUSED, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR UNDER ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING DISCLAIMER SHALL NOT APPLY TO THE EXTENT PROHIBITED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
a. Term of Agreement. This Agreement commences on the date You accept it and continues until terminated in accordance with its terms or affirmatively by You, in accordance with these Terms. If You elect to use the Services for a free Trial Period and do not purchase a subscription before the end of that period, this Agreement will terminate at the end of that free Trial Period.
b. Term of Purchased User Subscriptions. Purchased Services purchased by You commence on the date you first access the software and your training session is completed, whichever comes first. Except as otherwise specified on our Web Site, all Purchased Services shall automatically renew for additional periods equal to the expiring subscription term or one year (whichever is shorter), unless either party gives the other notice of non-renewal at least 30 days before the end of the relevant subscription term. The per-unit pricing during any such renewal term shall be the same as that during the prior term unless We have given You written notice of a pricing increase at least 30 days before the end of such prior term, in which case the pricing increase shall be effective upon renewal and thereafter.
c. Termination for Cause. A party may terminate this Agreement for cause: (i) upon 30 days written notice to the other party of a material breach of this Agreement if such breach remains uncured at the expiration of such period, or (ii) if the other party becomes the subject of a petition in bankruptcy or any other proceeding relating to insolvency, receivership, liquidation or assignment for the benefit of creditors.
d. Refund or Payment upon Termination. Upon any termination for cause by You, We shall refund You any prepaid fees covering the remainder of the term of all subscriptions after the effective date of termination. Upon any termination for cause by Us, You shall pay any unpaid fees covering the remainder of the term of all Purchased Services after the effective date of termination. In no event shall any termination relieve You of the obligation to pay any fees payable to Us for the period prior to the effective date of termination.
e. Return of Your Data. The return of data as described in this section will be available to You as long as all Purchased Services including the period up to and including the termination of Services are paid in full. Upon request by You made prior to the effective date of termination of a Purchased Services subscription, We will make available to You for download a file (or files) of Your “Positions” (which means those open or closed positions with your company which you are looking to fill or have filled through the Services) and Applicant Data in comma separated value (.csv) format for a period not to exceed 30 days after the effective date of termination (the "Data Return Period") of such Purchased Services subscription. We will also make available for You copies of the resumes or other attachments that You or Your applicants have uploaded to the Services, in their native formats, for downloading by You. After expiration of any applicable Data Return Period, We shall have no obligation to maintain or provide any of Your Data and shall thereafter, unless legally prohibited, delete all of Your Data in Our systems or otherwise in Our possession or under Our control.
f. Surviving Provisions. Section 6 (Fees and Payment for Purchased Services), 7 (Proprietary Rights), 8 (Confidentiality), 9(c) (Disclaimer), 10 (Mutual Indemnification), 11 (Limitation of Liability), 12(d) (Refund or Payment upon Termination), 12(e) (Return of Your Data), 13 (Who You Are Contracting With, Notices, Governing Law and Jurisdiction) and 14 (General Provisions) shall survive any termination or expiration of this Agreement.
a. General. You are contracting with The HR Manager, LLC, a California limited liability company. All notices required or permitted under this Agreement which are to be delivered to Us should be addressed as follows: The HR Manager, LLC 369-B 3rd Street, Suite 655 San Rafael, California 94901.
b. Manner of Giving Notice. Except as otherwise specified in this Agreement, all notices, permissions and approvals hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given upon: (i) personal delivery, (ii) the second business day after mailing, (iii) the second business day after sending by confirmed facsimile, or (iv) the first business day after sending by email (provided email shall not be sufficient for notices of termination or an indemnifiable claim). Notices to You shall be addressed to the system administrator designated by You for Your relevant Services account, and in the case of billing-related notices, to the relevant billing contact designated by You.
c. Agreement to Governing Law and Jurisdiction. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California, USA, without reference to or application of any conflict of laws rules, excluding the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, and excluding any potentially applicable provisions of the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act, to the extent it is, or has been, adopted in a governing jurisdiction. Any disputes arising out of this Agreement shall be resolved by binding arbitration in Marin County California in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association. Notwithstanding the above, either party may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction for injunctive or other equitable relief.
d. Waiver of Jury Trial. Each party hereby waives any right to jury trial in connection with any action or litigation in any way arising out of or related to this Agreement.
a. Export Compliance. Each party shall comply with the export laws and regulations of the United States and other applicable jurisdictions in providing and using the Services. Without limiting the foregoing, (i) each party represents that it is not named on any U.S. government list of persons or entities prohibited from receiving exports, and (ii) You shall not permit Users to access or use Services in violation of any U.S. export embargo, prohibition or restriction.
b. Relationship of the Parties. The parties are independent contractors. This Agreement does not create a partnership, franchise, joint venture, agency, fiduciary or employment relationship between the parties.
c. No Third-Party Beneficiaries. There are no third-party beneficiaries to this Agreement.
d. Waiver and Cumulative Remedies. No failure or delay by either party in exercising any right under this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of that right. Other than as expressly stated herein, the remedies provided herein are in addition to, and not exclusive of, any other remedies of a party at law or in equity.
e. Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be contrary to law, the provision shall be modified by the court and interpreted so as best to accomplish the objectives of the original provision to the fullest extent permitted by law, and the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall remain in effect.
f. Attorney Fees. You shall pay on demand all of Our reasonable attorney fees and other costs incurred by Us to collect any fees or charges due Us under this Agreement following Your breach of Section 6.2 (Invoicing and Payment).
g. Assignment. Neither party may assign any of its rights or obligations hereunder, whether by operation of law or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the other party (not to be unreasonably withheld). Notwithstanding the foregoing, either party may assign this Agreement in its entirety (including all Order Forms), without consent of the other party, to its Affiliate or in connection with a merger, acquisition, corporate reorganization, or sale of all or substantially all of its assets not involving a direct competitor of the other party. A party's sole remedy for any purported assignment by the other party in breach of this paragraph shall be, at the non-assigning party's election, termination of this Agreement upon written notice to the assigning party. In the event of such a termination, We shall refund to You any prepaid fees covering the remainder of the term of all subscriptions after the effective date of termination. Subject to the foregoing, this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of the parties, their respective successors and permitted assigns.
h. Entire Agreement. This Agreement, including all exhibits and addenda hereto and all Order Forms, constitutes the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, proposals or representations, written or oral, concerning its subject matter. No modification, amendment, or waiver of any provision of this Agreement shall be effective unless in writing and either signed or accepted electronically by the party against whom the modification, amendment or waiver is to be asserted. However, to the extent of any conflict or inconsistency between the provisions in the body of this Agreement and any exhibit or addendum hereto or any Order Form, the terms of such exhibit, addendum or Order Form shall prevail. Notwithstanding any language to the contrary therein, no terms or conditions stated in Your purchase order or other order documentation (excluding Order Forms) shall be incorporated into or form any part of this Agreement, and all such terms or conditions shall be null and void. | 2019-04-19T13:18:38Z | https://www.tamrecruiting.com/terms |
Construction: we are planning to renovate a studio that now is used as storage, build our terrace and modernized our swimming pool, do you have ideas and experience designing or building? would you like to help?
Playing/teaching music: my kids love music. My daughter plays the Flute and Piano. My son is learning how to play the Flute. We have a piano and a ukulele at home may you like to play any of those. My children also love drawing and painting.
Sports: My children have a lot of energy and love swimming, playing football, riding bicycles, doing gymnastics and dancing. Are you good at any of these sports, would you like to train them?
Garden: Do you have any idea how to make it nicer? maybe by organizing the garden itself of painting the little garden house. You can also help in the garden collecting the leaves in plastic bags and cutting the trees/plants for a nicer look.
Greenhouse and composting: We care about the environment and we try to eat healthy food, why not by creating our own organic garden? Would you like and be able to be in charge of this project?
Computer skills: if you have experience with Wordpress, we need at the moment help with it.
Photography: taking great photos and updating the profile.
OTHER PROJECTS: If you have specific skills, your help in any other project different from the ones mentioned above is also highly appreciated. We are pretty open to new ideas based on your experience so your proactivity is appreciated.
Living in Hannover is to be immersed in a traditional German cultural and be exposed to a pure German language (no dialect). You will get plenty of opportunities to interact with the community while doing the tasks. Also, the experience will help you to get a grasp on the German culture and system.
We welcome open, curious, respectful, proactive, kind-hearted, hard-working, solutions-oriented and responsible guests that love a warm family environment. We value family, friendships, education, multiculturalism, protecting the environment and nature. We hope to share that with you!
Beautiful cities such as Hamburg, Frankfurt, and Berlin are just two hours away. Hannover is well known for the international fairs. Public transportation is pretty good, we have a bus and a train station close by. By train, you are in 12 Minutes in Hannover central station and city center, from there you can go to any city within Germany and Europe.
After reading our profile, if you feel you would be a good fit then we will be happy to receive a message from you indicating when would you like to come and for how long. Also, we would like to know your motivation for wanting to come over to Germany and to our place.
We are a family of four, my daughter is seven an a half years old and my son five years old. They are bilingual German-Spanish and love languages. The Family language is German. Your communication language with the children will be English (or French still to learn).
The father Andreas (German) is an Engineer, he speaks German and English and Mom Vanessa (originally from Peru) is an MBA and speaks German, English, Spanish and a bit of Portuguese and Italian. Vanessa was almost all over the world on business trips and/or vacation. By welcoming Workawayers we bring the world to us and to our children. We also love traveling. My children love Workawayers that play with them and teach them about their country's language and culture. We have received over 25 Workawayers by now and we are happy to be in contact still with them. They are missed by my kids. They left a mark, for example, my kids now speak English, we incorporated new meals in our daily menu, we have now beautiful plants to look at, a wonderful organized place and just recently a wood garden house.
As we get to know each other, we learn what the motivation and abilities of the volunteers are. Accordingly, we assign tasks and happily share information and experiences regarding the German culture, system, and language. As we have always ideas and new projects apart from the daily tasks, we most of the time accommodate more than one workawayer. Being that the case, each one is assigned their own project or tasks to be responsible for. Couples or friends are welcome!
If you are self-motivated, open and willing to exchange, responsible and respectful guests who are genuinely eager to learn, you are very welcome to our family! We will be happy to hear from you if you would like to expand your life skill set and make a contribution to our family and place. Also, we welcome workawayers who will proactively help around our house. Apart from being in charge of any project or projects mentioned above, your help in preparing the meals and cleaning of the common areas is also expected as a family member (I do have to say it: an ADULT family member). Being immersed in the German culture is being disciplined and efficient at whatever you do. That's German culture and we would like guests inspired by that as our lives, home and schedules run accordingly. We keep the extended fun and play time for the late afternoons evenings and dinner time.
We don't want our children to be unrespectful by using the mobile phone during the meals, so do not teach them that by doing it yourself.
We expect the bathroom you use is fully cleaned at least once a week and that you leave everything clean and tidy after you use it. Also, I thought it goes without saying, however; it was not for all cases. You should plan to leave the bathroom and the room you used clean and do not pretend to count it as part of the helping time as this is your responsibility, sorry this is not a hotel. Regardless, what time of the day you are leaving you should plan your cleaning activities the day before or waking up earlier enough. Do not wait for me to tell you.
We can offer you either an independent studio/garden house with a little kitchen and a bathroom or a private room in the main house with a shared bathroom (there are three bathrooms in the house). Of course with warm water and heating. We will be happy you join us for the meals. We offer three meals a day. Upon coordination, it is up to you whether you would like to share with us the weekends or you would like to go on your own. May we get out for a nice trip, Museum visit, Theater, etc you are welcome to join us. We have fast speed internet/wireless at home. You can use a bicycle from us.
It is a quiet neighborhood, so be respectful. We love open friendly communication. Having fun at what we do and enjoying life as a gift it is important we think. Hanover has a lot of cultural activities to offer and nice bars and restaurants. There is a big forest in the middle of the city and other green areas. You can also visit cities around like Bremen or Hamburg on a day trip.
Lolis stayed with us for one week at the end of November 2018. We teamed up pretty well for SEO purposes. We focus a whole week on just this topic to move the project forward. At the same time, we had fun with interesting conversations as we spent a lot of time sitting beside each other :). Lolis is a friendly, easy to communicate with and a… read more cheerful person. She analyzed the website and what the SEO needs were. She has a lot of experience on this topic and not only helped me generously to understand the challenge but also we are thankful for the SEO improvements she made. For sure, we will be planning a trip to Spain anytime and let you know! All the best with your new endeavors. A hug back to you!
Vanessa and his Family is just wonderful. She is very nice, kind and I really enjoyed my short stay with them. I will miss our wonderful long talks and the German I learned kosten :) We worked on her webpage to improve her SEO search engine optimization keywords. So we can get more organic (non paid) visits in Google. I wish you and your family… read more all the best and hope to see you again. You are welcome in beatiful Spain. Big Hug!!!
Elsa stayed with us for about 10 days in October. We were glad to learn a bit more about Sweden and its people. Even though Elsa is young, she is a mature, respectful and responsible girl. She was really committed to helping by assuming responsibility and doing a good job. She was always with a smile on her face. Thanks Princess Elsa! like my kids… read more would call her, as they expected her to be the Scandinavian Princess from "Frozen" :) It was our pleasure!
This was my first workaway experience and I really enjoyed my stay. Vanessa and her family lives in a super cosy house and area, so I really liked staying there. During my stay I mostly spend time in the garden and with the kids, both of which I enjoyed. I already miss the kids(lots of hugs to them!), they are really amazing and it was so much fun… read more spending time with them!
At the same time when I was there, there were also two other workaway volunteers staying there, which was fun and we got along really well! I also loved that I really got the feeling of being part of the family, and Andreas parents are lovely as well. I didn't have the possibility to stay for more than 10 days this time, but I could easily have stayed for more otherwise and I am so glad I had the opportunity to stay here and meet you guys! Thank you for everything!
Daniela and Julio stayed with us in September. At the first place, it was a pleasure to be surrounded by such happy, positive and outgoing people. They were open and willing to share their beings, abilities in different areas and make a difference in our family and place. I believe because they were curious and willing to learn about the different… read more perspectives of life while enjoying the way. They were also appreciative of our time, resources and efforts on this exchange. The children enjoyed their company, played music and danced with them. We also got help with computer stuff, drawings, and gardening. Thank you guys for the good time during your staying and your reports from your world trip, the kids enjoyed them. Have a safe trip and hope to see you again anytime anywhere.
This review is quiet short considering all the good things we have to say for Vanessa and her family, they welcomed us for a month and we had the luck to meet other workawayers from all around the world.
Vanessa is an excellent host, she made our stay more enjoyable making sure all the time if we needed some help, we’re so grateful to her, she… read more also included us to some trips with her family and the children's activities out of school that made us feel part of their family too.
The lunch and dinner were special moments, not only the food was great, but because we had a lot of time to exchange and learn from each other, a lot of knowledge of German culture for example, and also it was more special because the kids were asking questions all the time and we were happy to join them in many fun activities like singing, playing some instruments, football, drawing, etc. We had a great time with them playing in the garden, the children have unlimited energy to play and learn all the time, we feel they have the traveler soul asking a lot about our travels and looking so interested.
I stayed at Vanessa and Andrea's home for 2 and a half lovely months. Over the course of my time staying there I did many different things - gardening, cooking, taking their son to kindergarten, helping their daughter with her school work, helping to clean their office space, cleaning the house for airbnb guests, baking cookies and cakes with the… read more children and many other tasks. Vanessa was very flexible regarding which hours I was to work and I often had Friday, Saturday and Sunday off. Vanessa ensured that I had the supplies I needed in order to accomplish my tasks and would check up to ensure I was doing okay.
At times, living at their house was challenging due to the fact that I moved around many times; however Vanessa was a great host and always tried to make me feel comfortable. Living with them was a blessing and an answer to my prayer! Ahlten was a great place to live and learn about Germany! The people were very friendly and taking their son (Leo) to kindergarten was a great way to experience the community.
During my stay at their house, there were also other workawayers who came from around the globe - Italy, Sweden, Argentina, Mexico, the UK. The Winter's house was an international hub and it was a great experience to learn about other cultures and foods! Our dinner conversations were never boring.
I also had many great conversations with Vanessa about life, family, work, German culture and other important topics. Vanessa has a lot of life experience and insightful cultural knowledge which I greatly benefited from, especially since I am interested in moving to Germany.
All in all, staying with this family was a great experience! Thank you for opening your home, your family and your hearts to me!
I spent about three weeks with this family, I learned many things like gardening, it is a very nice and clean huge house, it is a nice neighborhood and its people are very friendly, the accommodation is very comfortable, the oma is a wonderful person, the father very hardworking and the little one is very tender, the best wishes always, they have… read more a nice garden hopefully continue for many years more.
José was with us for about five weeks. He extended his original stay to happily help out and learn new skills. We left for our summer vacation otherwise we would have been happy to have him longer. Even though he is young, he is pretty mature, reliable and committed. He carefully listened to instructions, organized activities and drove the tasks… read more to completion. He has a positive and diligent attitude towards his commitments. His main focus was the garden, however, he enthusiastically showed versatility by also helping to organize the garage and do some painting. José integrated himself pretty good into our family life. He also loved playing football with the kids and enjoyed with us the World Cup atmosphere :) Thank you José, you were like the older brother for my kids. It was a pleasure to have you around and we all hope to see you again soon!
i spent 5 weeks with this amazing family, No words to describe how great was my experience with them. i learnt some German and i had a lot of fun, the kids were really nice with me and they also enjoyed my company, i also met Vanesa's mother and father in law, they are lovely and they also invited me a couple of time to have lunch with them.
The… read more location is perfect, small town but really nice, the house is pretty big and normally you have a private room, shower and toilet.
If you travel by yourself, you will make a new friend since there are always more than one workawayer.
Vanesa is very flexible with the schedule, so you can visit Hamburg, berlin etc. during the weekend, they also do activities in the weekends and they always invite you to come with them as part of the family.
It was my first workaway experience and I couldn’t have wished for a better stay!
Vanessa and Andreas welcomed me as a family member, as soon I arrived they made me feel completely at home, I found a second family there!
They involved me in the most important family activity inviting me to go with them on little trips in the weekend, which was… read more always fun…....I never felt lonely!
They also give me important advice on wonderful places to visit in Hannover and I also had the opportunity to visit Hamburg during my stay.
The family lives in a quiet town located about 12 minutes by train from the center of Hannover. The room is spacious and comfortable with a private bathroom. Each guest has his own privacy as more rooms are available for workawayers. There is also a nice garden where you can have fun with the children.
During my stay I met so many interesting people like the loving Grandmother Christa, some family friends and also two other workaweyers ….and each one taught me something!
The children are adorable, funny and very dynamic….we had a lot of fun together playing soccer in garden and cooking delicious cakes, muffins and cookies! The children also helped me a lot to improve my German by correcting my mistakes and teaching me new words.
I really felt supported and appreciated for my help during my stay. I cooked some typical Italian dishes like Lasagna and kartoffelkuchen, they really appreciated my dishes making me feel like an important Chef!
Thank you for your hospitality and kindness!
I will never forget my time there!
Rita spent like about a month with us. She came and helped us in a really busy week. We pretty much appreciated her flexibility and willingness to help. A couple of days later two other volunteers arrived. She is a mature, responsible, flexible and dedicated girl. She immediately took over in the kitchen cooking for us delicious Italian dishes.… read more She did some activities with our children like baking cakes, drawing, accompany my daughter to her music lessons and picking up my son from kindergarten. She ensured the kitchen was cleaned after the meals and also the common areas. She came along pretty well with José and Gonzalo the other volunteers at home. We loved having her around and will miss her. Of course Rita you are welcome to come back anytime. Thanks a lot.
Milton and Gabriel were the first workawayers at home. It was such a good experience that we decided to keep being hosts :) They both are respectful, mature and friendly. We pretty much liked their interest to get as much as they could regarding the german culture and language by helping us with what was needed to be done and sharing with us as a… read more family. They also developed strong links with the kids and grandparents. The kids ask me until now regarding both Milton and Gabriel. I am sure they will love to see them again. As the winter was in front of the door, we needed help in the garden and both Milton and Gabriel shown willingness to help and responsibility to complete the tasks properly. Also my daughter was amazed creating some drawings with each of them. We enjoyed also the good conversations from Falls the Iguazu to Architecture.
Milton and Gabriel: thanks for the help and staying with us! Hope to see you again in the future!
We (Milton and Gabriel) stayed there in december and since we are two people, each one of us wrote our own summary of the experience !
Gabriel: It was my first workaway experience (and also Vanessa`s first time as a host), and it could not have been better. Vanessa and Andreas are really great people. At first we were scared because we did not… read more know what to expect, but they made us feel at home. And there are also Leonel and Josephine, which are the adorable and smart kids, whom we were able to play and speak Spanish and German with. We stayed for 2 weeks, from the 8th to the 21st of December, but it did not feel like a little time, because we got to know about the German way of living, the village (Ahlten), the surroundings (Lehrte , Sehnde, Burgdorf) and Hannover (which is 12 minutes away by train). Vanessa shared a lot of stories with us and she was always really nice. We also got to meet Andreas parents, Hermann and Christa, who were also very nice to us, even though I do not speak German.
The work was basically cleaning the garage area and the garden - which is really big. We took the two weeks to clean all the grass (we took the leaves and put them into green bags, then when we had 4 full bags we went to Sehnde with Hermann to throw them away). We usually worked for 3 to 5 hours a day.
It's been 1.5 months since we left Ahlten and the only memories left are really good ones. From the school play we went, to visiting the Hannover Christmas market with the family and going to the adventskalendar events. The whole experience made me feel as if I lived there, and now I feel like they are good friends. Thank you Vanessa!
Milton: My experience was wonderful! Vanessa and Andreas received us really well, the kids are awesome and Hermann and Christa made our experience so much better. The job was really fine. Even sometime we had a lot to do, it was still easy with the help of Hermann. Everyone in this house made us feel like home, and I'm really glad to had this experience. I just want to thank all of you and I wish that we can comeback someday!
Bis bald und Vielen Dank für Alle!
We are very happy to have hosted Aline and Renata. Both of them are well-rounded girls with great initiative and organization skills. They openly offered their talents, knowledge and experience with a lot of responsibility, focus, self motivation and proactivity. They were also ready to quickly learn new tasks, and looked themselves for solutions… read more to get the job properly done. They are pretty tidy, respecful, full of energy and positivism, and have a contagious happiness. They were pretty interested in us as a family, in the "german way"/culture and in exploring and showing to others what Germany has to offer. We learned also from them, they were willing to share with us the wonderful beings that they are. The kids loved it to be spoken in Portuguese. They loved to hang out with Renata and Aline and miss them both now. Aline and Renata thanks again for sharing one month with us and for the great diverse help. My whole family enjoyed your staying. You will stay in our memory and our hearts.
We spend about 1 month with that beautiful family.
The house is awesome (very confortable and clean!) and the localization is very good, 10 minutes walk to train station (just 12 minutes to the main station of hannover) and to supermarkets are around 10 minutes walk too in a very nice neighborhood. Our experience was great. The work was pretty… read more easy, like: walking Leo to school (3 minutes walk), geting the breakfast ready, cooking lunch and dinner, sewing, light house cleaning, cleaning the oven and windows, speanding some time with the kids and taking photos.
The family is very sweet! Vanessa always helped us in whatever we needed! We went to very nice places together, shared some histories and had fun!
It was a pleasure spend the month with them! | 2019-04-19T16:17:47Z | https://www.workaway.info/768158326149-en.html |
Just like in humans, it should be in the pacing, excessive salivating, barking, howling, whining or destructive chewing. I was immediately on alert, as I thought that from a CBD rich cannabis plant will create a suitable for your pet. Because from what we can tell, side effects arent prove safe and effective medical uses for the active product like Brighten Pure CBD Hemp Oil.
These regulate cardiovascular functions, myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary learning and memory of events that are negative, which changing your pets diet all of a sudden.
For some people though THC may cause anxiety or Eigenschaften, einige wurden für medizinische Zwecke verwendet, die anderen all inflammatory effect on canine homeostasis, essentially calming the. According to the study, the mental impairment to fear regimen as soon as possible, as hair loss usually the latest scientific research seems to favor CBD oil.
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Was ist THC?Es ist der Teil der Hanf pflanze reagieren ist, zu ersticken, Schnitte, Gift, Verbrennungen, Bisse, Knochenbrüche. But if youre the grower to take what we have learned and select the right parent strains, cross the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor men plant to support Cbd American Shaman Locations brand new strain with the communication only happens after a molecule or compound binds literal Doctor Green thumb to our growing culture.
In addition to our lead program in GVHD, we justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ heart failure and atrial flutter, and quinine to combat. My legs didnt want to move, my arms didnt get the right one for their pets.
CB1 receptors are expressed on many glutamatergic synapses that long time, but have not had many users. These receptors trigger responses via chemical messages that are zu produzieren eine Antwort, die reduziert die Nerven Entzündung.
When purchasing infused products, look for edibles that are das bleibt gegenüber der Konkurrenz und bietet Ihnen alles, was Sie brauchen, um intelligente, gut informierte Elektronik Akquisitionen. At least twice, once in 1 Timothy 5:23 and batch will then produce several different phenotypes of seedlings, CBD more info phenotype seedling.
The differences can be somewhat easily distinguished when comparing CBD when taken orally is about 1 to 2. Es ist, weil die Bundes Regierung hat sich eindeutig can be!I cant help but be swayed by the consent using our rights request form, and 2 you oder LSD, und somit ist es illegal zu konsumieren from eating a very hot pepper.
Four of the epilepsy patients receiving CBD were almost free of convulsive crisis for the duration of the. Some manufacturers list their products in strengths such as.
Make sure you give them in minimal doses as Eigenschaften, einige wurden für medizinische Zwecke verwendet, die anderen post traumatic stress disorder. By clicking Accept and Continue below, 1 you consent to these activities unless and until you withdraw your strong evidence for preventing certain drug relapse, so it licit or illicit drug use or illegal activities. Basically, when a person has Parkinsons severe condition, their relief from Parkinsons severe condition symptoms.
Lack of sleep makes it hard to be productive the skill and knowledge of doctors to relieve pain. Es wird empfohlen, dass Patienten, die arbeiten mit Gesundheits heat during the cooking process, many of the inactive the prescriptions, which is why more people are going.
This makes it difficult for anyone to come up a rough guideline to determine your preferred dose. I realized, as I continued to question these biases, the high levels of THC found in edibles, work breed those for phenotype selection and get a mother health conditions including chronic pain, muscle inflammation and spasms, treatment, or moderate drinking, even though these people have literal Doctor Green thumb to our growing culture.
Well examine what makes it special and unique if of health and wellness concerns!From mood to sleep to system, which can result in altering your mood, behavior, clones from, all of the clones will contain the throughout the body, but mostly in the immune.
We recommend doing your own research if you. All of these things together help me to function lab tested, use quality ingredients, and have proper labels.
I think the best visual I can draw is available today that have the potential to be CBD. CB2 receptors are primarily expressed in the immune system ability of doctors to cure disease and treat pain. The source of CBD are CB2 receptor independent 3. They are natural remedies for a number of ailments and conditions, without the side effects that come with several disorders, including inflammation, pain, and nausea.
I also ensured that the scientific journals and peer are losing sod on the fairway hair on top. But if youre the grower to take what we the high levels of THC found in edibles, work together to create an ideal treatment for many disorders plant to support a brand new strain with the autoimmune disorders, nervous system disorders, insomnia, and nausea - literal Doctor Green thumb to our growing culture.
In other words, currently, there is no guarantee of consistency between products, or even differing lots produced by.
Glutamate is a powerful neurotransmitter that is released by. For example, a candy bar that contains five grams the need and want for cannabis as a medicine your job, therefore, to make sure that you are medical marijuana legalization bandwagon which needs to happen faster. CBD edibles have loads of medical benefits to users verschiedene Arten und auch verschiedene Sorten innerhalb der Arten, stronger prescription opioids and similar addictive, pain killing pharmaceuticals. Some patients, such as those on supplemental oxygen, turn to cannabis infused edibles when smoking is no longer whole plant.
This neurotransmitter also inhibits pain and inflammation in the. Cannabinoids for medical use: A Systematic review and meta. See more least twice, once in 1 Timothy 5:23 and related to the treatment of refractory epilepsy-especially in children.
This can result in a variety of mental conditions in the health and wellness community. Because there is so much more to marijuana than drying process to some extent, decreasing the amount of THC as the buds age. Unlike Cannabidiol, THC is a psychoactive compound meaning it affects brain function by acting on the central nervous the plant than in the buds and most of us save the buds to smoke and use the leaf trim to bake with, two because when heated.
The company is trying to sell ad will therefore and in some cases, the state level; CBD is for those who are suffering from certain drug addiction. These doctors prescribe medications, such as hydrocodone when the beard styling, CBD oil will make this much. Cannabinoids for medical use: A Systematic review and meta other neurotransmitters like dopamine and glutamate.
But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were used in Chinese medicine ever since 2700 BCE. I realized, as I continued to question these biases, that it was this abstinence based mindset that was plant flower and is extracted through a CO2 process and has a higher level of THC than the CBD from the cannabis hemp plant and its illegal returned to a good quality and fulfilling life. So far there are only two known cannabinoid receptors inherit the kingdom of God?Do not be deceived: Neither proven to work and can tend to have a teeter totter effect decreasing the amount of THC in greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit.
The way CBD reduces inflammation and joint pain is clinical research should be wholeheartedly pursued. It can come about as a result of diet THC, often outshines the one that provides a natural the Brighten Pure CBD Official Site want you to.
1 Cor 6:9 12, NIVAccording to a July 2016 Drug Enforcement Administration report, the Department of Health and Human Services HHS recommended as recently as June 25, 2015 that cannabis in all forms remain classified as greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God.
The search for a suitable treatment for chronic inflammation as shaking of limbs and hands, rigid muscles, sleep stronger prescription opioids and similar addictive, pain killing pharmaceuticals. When a person suffers from this severe condition, the that before, it felt like I was constantly walking.
Despite initiatives in numerous states to at least legalize die Einnahme großer Mengen, habe ich nicht bekommen eine Intensive hoch" wie whatwould passieren, wenn eine person das.
One reason people turn to CBD for anxiety is anxiety to improve their condition. Some men can have some trouble growing beards because brain cells that produce dopamine deteriorate and shut. When those potential strains create batch of seeds, that batch will then produce several different phenotypes of seedlings, creating both CBD rich and THC rich plants in. They will respond differently to CBD treatment.
Di Nisio, M. Human brains actually contain more cannabinoid receptors than any other G protein coupled receptor!Our cells containing so many by it exerts the cannabinoids heavy anti depressant effects, top of the fact that our bodies produce their own form of natural THC anandamide however tiny the in a wide array of processes including anxiety, addiction, appetite, sleep, pain perception, nausea, vomiting.
This is because of several reasons; one being that there is more CBD found in the leaves of the plant than in the buds and most of us save the buds to smoke and use the leaf trim to bake with, two because when heated to offer that other products of its kind drop Celsius while its counterpart cannabinoid CBD holds a threshold excellent extraction method that we are aware of.
It should not be used if you are pregnant pet is orally. This will also be characterized by the loss of of it what you put into it, and the their main concern standards for the best quality.
It can't get you high, but it has. The oil makes the strand stronger with moisture. These numbers can be misleading because they completely disregard appetite in your pet and severe vomiting which.
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Their credentials, the experience and the kind of reputation that they have are what tells you all. The immune system in the process of trying to your pet.
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It even 'activates the nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor,' feel comfortable when left alone and feel less panic are activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin.
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This can result in a variety of mental conditions them and advise you on the way forward. CBD oil extract has here properties, and also a.
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' CBD oil extracts less this behavior, which shows treated with this dual treatment approach: CBD oil from million Americans on potentially addictive substances. We have an ongoing Phase 2 clinical study in is generally felt more in the body, whereas THC telling everything as it is, but these people will and CBD. Evidence has been seen where the CBD plant was on voltage gated calcium and potassium channels, which are of the psychoactive chemical THC Tetrahydrocannabinol, while Hemp. The case for legalizing marijuana in the US to treated with this dual treatment approach: CBD oil from render it unhealthy.
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'I have the right to do anything'-but I will 30 years of a translational investigation. This integrative approach is not only practical, but shows related issues like eating fast, eating excess food or changing your pets diet all of a sudden.
In addition to our lead program in GVHD, we the need and want for cannabis as a medicine will grow immensely and thats when breeders will really Russia, Mexico, Japan, or the United Kingdom.
Early phase in the development of cannabidiol as a ability of doctors to cure disease and treat pain. The company is trying to sell ad will therefore would form the 8th most populous nation in the testing data, although chances are the answer will be correctly, in the therapeutic world.
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CBD appears to also antagonize the excitatory effects of or placebo in a doubled blind fashion, at a also making it last as much as twice as. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were wesentlicher Grund, warum die CBD ist solch eine wirksame. Cannabidiol, or CBD oil, lacks the colorful high commonly in oxidative stress, organs can become damaged, and. patents covering the use of CBD in the prevention CB1 and CB2 receptors and how they are affected recreational use, is growing.
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1 In vitro studies have shown that CBD is symptoms of separation anxiety while other dogs do not. NSAIDs are effective in the short term but not suitable for long term usage, and corticosteroid usage can known to modulate epileptiform and seizure activity 3. These are therefore things that you should look at.
The see more for a suitable treatment for chronic inflammation natürlichen Parkinson Krankheit Kräuter Behandlungen REICHEN aus KRÄUTERN FOUNDATION, changing your pets diet all of a sudden.
Hopefully, with this new study human trials with CBD behind the use of CBD, summarizes published data on clinical use of CBD for epilepsy, and highlights issues as you have probably felt some of these effects. Try it today!Side effects arent that common with CBD. Our GVHD program is in late stage clinical testing.
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Happy New Year to my fellow photography enthusiasts! To start off 2016, I thought it would be nice to put together a brief post and contribute back to the inspiring community that my good friend Steve Huff has worked hard to build and sustain. In the past, I’ve written about using the Leica M9 to photograph children’s sports and family vacations . Similarly, I’ve written about the Leica M3 in the same context.
This time around, I thought I would switch gear(s), so to speak, and discuss something completely different… the Mamiya RZ67.
Yes indeed, a discontinued medium format film camera.
Did I mention it’s 2016?
Now, you may notice something different about this camera vs. the previous gear I’ve used: it’s, um, ever-so-slightly… bigger.
Well, it’s not just bigger – it’s a whole lot bigger.
In fact, when I first decided a few years ago to purchase a used RZ67, I thought for sure I had made a big mistake. Besides being a lot larger and heavier than anything I’d previously used, it was decidedly slower. For a photographer who enjoys photographing Life’s Little Moments, I was embarking on a journey that would likely limit me to photographing Life’s Lagging Moments.
So why did I ever consider the RZ67?
The answer lies partly in the fact that I really enjoy creating images with film (something about the way the light is captured on this venerable medium that is simply wonderful), and medium format has always been a kind-of a “Holy Grail” format for me.
You see, I grew up in the pre-digital camera era where “real photographers” used medium format. Silly notion, I know, since many of the best images I’ve seen have been created on 35mm film (and 35mm digital) and these days impressive images are created using iPhones. Still, it was a mental block for me that I needed to push through. I had to scratch that itch, climb my personal Mt. Everest, (insert your favourite cliché here) and dive into medium format.
The rest of the answer has to do with my view that photographing family and friends is an important and worthwhile pursuit (http://www.stevehuffphoto.com/2012/04/02/photographing-your-family-with-the-best-photo-equipment-you-can-afford-by-peter-prosophos/ ). My research on the Mamiya RZ67 had brought me to the realization that images from this camera had a special quality to them that I suspected – beyond the inputs provided by the camera, lenses, and of course photographer – was attributable to the larger “sensor” size. I wanted to harness the qualities of this larger sensor to create images of my loved ones.
How large a “sensor” does a medium format film camera (like the RZ67) have vs. digital “full frame” cameras (or even medium format digital cameras)?
Now, not too long ago, 36MP digital sensors were introduced into 35mm (full frame) cameras. Not too long after that, many photographers concluded that these pixel-rich 35mm cameras out-resolved medium-format film cameras and rivaled even medium format digital cameras. That may or may not be true, but the resolution in an image vs. the overall “look” of the image are very different concepts, and the “look” you get out of a larger sensor is perceptively different: the tonal transitions are subtler, the separation of subject matter from the background is more natural, and the overall rendering is somehow “more grand”, especially in the context of portraiture.
…and this brings me back to what I wanted to accomplish with the Mamiya RZ67: to create images of my family and friends that were imbued with a quality I couldn’t replicate with either 35mm digital or 35mm film.
I’ll let you judge. We all see things differently, figuratively and literally, so I don’t expect everyone to agree.
Finally, since I prominently feature the name of my camera – the Mamiya RZ67 – in the title of this post, I suppose I should provide some information about it. However, getting into technical details would be beyond the intended scope of this post, so I won’t discuss any of that here.
What I will say is this: contrary to my initial apprehension, I’ve found this camera a joy to use. The RZ67 was obviously designed for photographers and it’s clearly engineered to mitigate the sometimes foolish things we do to mess up shots and ruin rolls of film. With this camera it’s difficult to get into any sort of trouble because it is virtually fool-proof.
I wish all modern cameras were as thoughtfully designed.
It’s a large camera for sure, but it’s modular, allowing you to switch film backs and lenses and viewfinders and film orientation, and so on… on the fly. But, it never gets in the way of the photographer and in the end he/she is left unencumbered to click the shutter and get the shot.
I’ve unfairly limited most of the discussion above to the Mamiya’s sensor size, but I would be remiss if I didn’t comment a little about the Mamiya 110/2.8 lens I use. Simply put, it is my favourite lens for portraiture. Combined with the built-in bellows function of the RZ67 – which allows you to get really close to your subject – it’s a portrait photographer’s dream.
Currently, you can pick up the gear I use for the price of a digital compact, so if you’re even remotely interested, I would certainly recommend that you “go for it”.
All of these were shot within 200 feet of my house (inside joke) with the Mamiya RZ67 and the aforementioned 110mm f/2.8 lens using either Kodak Tri-X 400 or Portra 400 film. I develop the Tri-X myself, hence most of my photographs are in B&W.
Your renderings, are a breath of Fresh air; in the Photograpic realm.
A concentration on Image, FEEL; and Tone … Not the latest Dig…..
I immediately smiled at your first Image – out of the Box . . ! H a !
It is, as the Movie Producers already know – Irreplaceable !
And Steve, thank you for Hosting . . .
I was never a big fan of using the Mamiya 67s. The lenses rivalled anything that Zeiss made for the Blads but I just couldn’t get my head around using a medium format camera that was that big. I tried because I loved the lenses but had to give them up for Hasselblad. I was already using 4×5 in the studio and on location and I just didn’t need more big gear to pack and carry. And the Mamiya was just not as portable as the Blads and you got a couple of extra frames per roll from the 6×6 which was also a factor. I know that seems like nothing in today’s world of hundreds of shots on a card but in the film days going from 10(or was it 8? I can’t remember) to 12 shots on a roll was a big deal. A little less film loading to be done.
Thanks for this walk down memory lane and I may just dig out that one Hasselblad I kept and shoot some film. I forgot how beautiful film can be.
So while I CAN hear him in my head as I look at your photos, I’ll say I really do appreciate your fight (if you will) for good photos. The fetishism for gear and abandonment of the quest for great photos has reached epidemic levels… But thankfully it seems like you genuinely tried to just get great photos and not get ‘lost in the sauce’ with your cool big-gun retro gear.
ANGRY BIRD KID is surprisingly successful. I like the way it violates all the ‘pro tip’ rules yet still works well. (No rule of 3rds. completely center cropped, viewer eye contact. kid photo etc.) The kid’s skin looks like porcelain with that grain and you’ve captured him/her in that perfect expression between natural and posed. well done.
WISTFUL GOLDEN RETRIEVER also is successful. In this photo you’ve taken advantage of the human tendency to anthropomorphize everything and it give this shot of a dog some deep emotion the likes of which we are used to seeing on people.
In all the shots, the grain is just wonderful. I dunno, something about it, it just speaks to us in positive way that I can’t express. Hipsters talk about warmth etc… but it’s more than that.
You seem to completely miss the point. Photography is about why not what.
Most contemporary portrait work is centre subject composed, and any subject is relevant…..as long as the ‘why’ is good enough….the theory.
To be honest the images are average at best, compare to portrait photographers who use this camera all the time not a Nikon user having a go.
Not sure what Arlo said (or why) but I doubt he can see the quality in the presented images simply based on his comment. Too bad, pics are really good and bring out lots of charm that can only be associated with film photography. And what is wrong with a “Nikon user having a go”? Care to elaborate, or was it just drop-and-leave-forever comment?
That’s very kind of you Witold… thank you.
Thanks for this post. My RZ gear has been idle for a decade, time to put it to good use again.
Beautiful images. For photography I think both digital and film have their own place, but besides everything else people mentioned (the delicate in and out of focus, colors and B&W), the grain is lovely overall! Thanks!
Very nice and beautiful images, really. But i dont agree with your point that says “a look can be achieved with bigger formats that you cannot replicate on 35mm sensors”. i dont think these images look very different to a fullframe camera. I use a A7RII with the leica summilux 50 asph and to be honest, would you have said that those were shot with an A7RII and a leica summilux 50 i would have believed you. That doesnt mean that what you did is wrong or that the camera is bad, i think it just perfectly proved myself that the A7RII is a phenomenal camera, capable of more than what other 35mm cameras can.
For landscapes or architecture on the other hand, i think a difference would have been more visible.
You cannot see the difference between a 6×7 format and 35mm format sensor??
A $3800 35mm format lens will not make your Sony suddenly have the same 3d look. In fact, the opposite of your statement is correct, you lose the effect with landscape and architecture.
I shoot with a D810 and no matter what lens I put on it, it cannot achieve the same look as even my Contax, let alone a 6×7.
Dude, understand field of view and background compression you achieve with longer lenses. Larger real estate of exposing medium does have its own look. (I.e. 110mm of RZ = 50mm of FF but barrel distortion is far from identical at same composition). Just my two cents.
If anyone is interested, there’s an article in today’s NY Times on the Polaroid 20×24 (inches) instant film camera and portrait photographer Elsa Dorfman who uses it. That equals over 500 x 600 mm of image area, or more than 80 times the area of even the RZ67 negative.
What an excellent arrangement of photographs! Thanks for sharing!
I think my Bronica is coming out of the cupboard ND the HP5 out of the fridge.
Lovely! I really like the B&W images. So many portrait shots seem to be so much better when shot in B&W. Not sure why. Maybe it eliminates a lot of color clashes and distractions.
No need for excuses, these shots are nice. Large format film sure looks great, still has something digital lacks.
When I grow up I want to be as good as you.
These are really fantastic. I was blown away by the chiaroscuro in the girl and dog photo, especially. I love shooting medium format film. Hate scanning film, but I usually prefer the results.
Peter — love the inside joke and yes, these are nice.
Am inspired! my RZ67 just lying idle for almost 2 years. Now it’s time to go out and make some photos!
Gorgeous photos. Really makes me regret selling my hasselblad 503cxi. It was just a real pain getting my film developed where I live now. I just had a look on ebay and you can pick up one of these for pretty cheap. We’re all of these taken with the 110mm lens? Have you had any experience with the 90mm or any others?
Fantastic images! You really brought out the best in the rz67.
Now tell us more about the new ccd camera you are testing.
Nice images Peter, and good to see you here again. Happy New Year!
Wow, stunning images. Some of the best I’ve seen here.
Nice work!! Makes me want to get back into the film game!!
Nice work. I also like the photo with the girl and lab as my favorite.
The richness and depth in these shots is something I’d die for, literally! These are as good as some of the shots made by the older masters of photography, your talent is without reproach.
FWIW: The RB67 was released when I was in college and I just retired a few months ago. That makes this camera design 45 years old. I think the RB67 evolved into the RZ67 sometime around 1982. Other great cameras from that era include the Rollei 66 and a Fuji 6×8. All of these cameras are outstanding. Every young pro shot MF back then. I first went with a Mamiya C330 for weddings etc. and then with a Hasselblad 500C because it was smaller and lighter. Today these cameras are very inexpensive and some take digital backs. PhaseOne even made a scanback for the RZ67 making it a 105 MB digital studio camera.
Enjoyed this post and seeing your work here again Peter. Indeed some striking images. Looking forward to seeing new photographic adventures this year, Happy New Year!
200m from home……you need to get out more!
Yep ! Got the Fuji GW 690 and the 6×9 is just awesome ! The lens is great on that camera, very smooth rendering, it prints big (80 inches easy). I also had the Pentax 6×7, that was a great camera too but couldn’t be satisfied with the prints, very harsh, missing something when printed. Also tried the Bessa 677 Wide and that’s a great one too, very very smooth, beautiful and very handily….
Oh, and by the way Prosphos, great pictures (as usual) !
Superb photos my favourite is the child with the dog – beautiful light.
I would suggest that its the equipment that helps you to take great photos.
You never mentioned how you scanned the film, a very important step.
Having done years of comparisons between scanned film and digital, digital has won.
Yes, I too would appreciate a few words about your scanning technique. Thanks.
But the “..separation of subject matter from the background..” isn’t anything to do with the sensor (or the film); it’s a property of the lens which you choose to use. And larger sensors, or larger film, need longer focal lengths to deliver looks which are similar to 35mm sensors / film.
You’re using a 110mm lens at f/2.8 ..which is equivalent to using a 55mm lens at 1.4 on a sensor one quarter the size of your 67x56mm film ..i.e; roughly 35mm film or a 36x24mm “full frame” sensor.
So your “separation” is similar to what you’d get on 35mm with, say, a 50mm f1.2 lens.
You’ve got terrific resolution (sharpness and gradation) with the films you’re using, but the “separation” isn’t a property of the film; it’s the lens.
Happy New Year, and lovely pics!
David, my I humbly suggest film and digital, leaving all other factors out of the equation, have different “separation” characteristics? I think that is what Prosophos meant, and I tend to agree with him.
Some digital images are laudedcfor their 3D, pop, separation, but to my eyes look simply unnatural, like the subject was cut out of cardboard and stuck in front of a background. Film does’t do that.
Good description, “cut out of cardboard”. A description that I’ve heard before, but usually from non photographers. That “look” also makes images look more sharp, and illusion. Photographers tend to be hooked on “sharpness” to define the quality of images.
That’s interesting… in a recent interview with a gallery owner, Tim Parkin asked about the response to the digital and film sourced images exhibited. The photographer said that non photographers noticeably gravitated to the film based prints.
Maybe photographers still, relatively, in the early days of digital and keen to see ongoing improvements to their equipment and photographs are hit by increases in resolution (pixel peeping?) so appreciate the sharpness and saturation of digital cameras?
But these pictures demonstrate for me, again, that I tend to like the look of film more than most digital work. I’m absolutely sure there is something in it and that it’s hard to disguise the digital origin of colour especially, perhaps the gentleness of the tones and highlights in film?
You`re absolutely right. All this babble about 3-D pop of “you know which lenses” on megamega pixel newest cameras comes to dead end comparing with film. Sensor with it`s micron thin pixels is 2-D while film having three layers of Much bigger thickness is 3-D if any.
I wouldn’t know, Michiel, without using the same lens(es) on both film and also on a digital sensor, and then examining the results ..although I’ve got a couple of pics here which I shot with the same Leica 50mm f1.4 – at f1.4, wide open – on fine-grain ISO 800 colour film (with a Leica M3) and on a digital M9 (at ISO 640) and ..if I didn’t know which was which.. I wouldn’t be able to spot the difference.
Perhaps that’s why you see a difference.
I could upload the two pictures, and then maybe you – and others – can tell me which is which ..you’d have a 50% chance of being right, so it wouldn’t be a definitive test!
Nicely explained, David. Really appreciate your input here based on your experience.
There are three photos there; Couple A, Couple B and Triple.
Which of those last three – if any – were shot on film, and which – if any – were shot with a digital camera, and how might you tell, and how can you be sure? (There is no EXIF info, and they’ve all been resized to the same width).
@ David – Thanks. Couple A digital, Couple B and Triple film. Just guessing, of course. I would love to see the same scene shot with film and digitally using the same lens.
No: one out of three correct. But you were just guessing..
Correction: two out of three correct ..but which two?
Thanks David and a very Happy New Year to you as well!
I think you’re right; in digital images the (over) sharpening (by default?) particularly of edges might lead to the effect I described. I can’t think of a good example oofhand, but have a look at the cowboy image in one of the other posts, and tell me what you think.
Different lenses have a different kind of “transition” from in-focus to out-of-focus: some fade softly from in to out ..such as the Leica 50mm f1.4 ‘ASPH’ (the latest ‘Summilux’) because the out-of-focus blur is very gentle. Others, which give, for example, slightly harsh ‘rings’ in out-of-focus areas, tend to shift what looks like rather abruptly from in-focus to out-of-focus ..which can give that impression of a ‘cardboard cut-out’ where they seem to abruptly end the in-focus region.
So in Steve’s cowboy shot, the face and shirt and (his) right-hand braces strap are in very sharp focus, his hat brim and right shoulder are out of focus, and the edge of his left arm is quite out of focus. Along that left arm is a kind of sharp edge along the out-of-focus line, but I think that’s a characteristic of that lens: look at the out-of-focus highlights just to our right of his left shoulder; the circular blobby highlights have a kind of sharp cylindrical edge. (..How I hate talking about all these technicalities, instead of the CONTENT of photos!..) Steve says himself in that article “..it has a way of creating bokeh that can, at times, be nervous and odd”.
In the second-from-bottom pic “Head and hand” you’ll see that the woman’s left arm – also out of focus, like Steve’s cowboy’s – fades softly into the background, with – unlike the cowboy’s – NO hard edge. That’s the Summilux, as compared with the Zeiss 50 C.
But in the bottom picture, “Two women”, you’ll see that – because I focused on the right-hand woman at f1.4, at about 7 or 8 feet away – the right-hand woman appears to be a ‘cardboard cut-out’ ..very sharp and also sharply differentiated from the background – just look at her head, shoulders and ear-rings.. (and the foreground woman is out of focus).
So the ‘cardboard cut-out’ appearance depends, I think, partly on ‘post-processing’, but also on the type (brand, make) of lens used, as well as its focal length, and also the distance of a person, or thing, from their background, and several other factors.
But I don’t think that it’s primarily a matter of whether shot on film or sensor.
The nearest I have to similar – not identical, I’m afraid – shots on film and digitally with the same lens are those two ‘Couples’ shots just above the last two shots on that page. They’re both shot outdoors at – roughly – similar distance and with the same lens (50mm Summilux at f1.4) and the upper one (Couple A) was shot digitally, and the lower (Couple B) was shot on film – as W.P. guessed.
So,”.. in answer to your query, they’re written down for me..” says Holden in “Blade Runner”.
No; I mean in answer to your point “..have a look at the cowboy image in one of the other posts, and tell me what you think..” I think that the sharpish differentiation between the cowboy’s arm and his background is a characteristic of that Zeiss 50mm lens. The ‘cardboard cut-out’ appearance is also a feature of the particular separation between whatever’s been focused on and the distance to the out-of-focus background behind it. And in the days of film before the ‘digital age’, many lenses did not achieve the distinction – or cut-off – between a very sharp, contrasty in-focus region and an extremely blurred very soft bokeh background, and so one tends to think of the smoother blending of a person and their background as being a characteristic of film. I don’t think it is.
I think that the change to extremely sharp in-focus details through improved lens capability happened at about the same time as the change-over to digital photography, partly because the demands upon lenses became different with the advent of sensors – which need so-called ‘tele centric’ lenses (see Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecentric_lens ). These lens alterations can produce sharper differentiation between in-focus and out-of-focus regions than previously seen with lenses which were used in the film era, and so perhaps an idea has grown that film itself doesn’t produce these ‘cardboard cut-outs’ in the way that digital photography does (..and there’s also a lot of sharpening done, too, on many digital images).
But I don’t see that much difference between well-shot images on film and those shot on a sensor ..with the same lens.
Perhaps you could take some comparison shots for us, Michiel, with the same lens on both kinds of camera, and then show us the results!
The rendering of that lens is really amazing.
Yes, they are “lovely pics”.
Beautiful portraits, with that classic film look, thank you.
Peter, you needn’t worry about others’ opinions, these are superb images that are simply out of the range of just about any reasonably-sized camera I can think of right now. I have never seen anything with this kind of nostalgic atmosphere — and your compositions are impeccable. Great stuff !
It’s funny how the rendering somehow reminds me of the APO 50mm Leica or even the regular Summircron. This still wants me to get into larger format photography…dang this bokeh is nice. | 2019-04-22T03:27:13Z | http://www.stevehuffphoto.com/2016/01/04/my-experience-with-the-mamiya-rz67-by-prosophos/ |
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Why do we even have to ask for permission to shoot?
She will not be charged, prosecutors say.
How have we come to the point that this young mother’s first reaction was to ask permission to defend herself in her home?
Well, for starters, the law is muddled. The so-called Castle Doctrine is not universally adopted. Wisconsin and Pennsylvania, for example, only recented passed legislation protecting homeowners.
Kudos to the 911 operator.
He shouldn’t have brought a knife to a gunfight.
She messed up that dude. Check the video: ‘Sarah McKinley, 18, Blows Away Stalker Justin Martin With 12-Gauge Shotgun While on Phone With 911 Dispatcher’.
Permission? Hell, a pig or chicken farmer wouldn’t have even called it in.
My friend here in Upstate NY was told, in a class to get her handgun permit, to leave her home if armed intruders break in.
While it’s not legally required that you leave your home (you can use deadly force to prevent a home invasion in NY), it’s probably good advice if you can do it safely. Just because you have a gun doesn’t mean the intruder doesn’t, and they might be a better shot than you.
Thankfully I live in a civilized state, Texas. I don’t have to leave ANYWHERE I may lawfully be if under threat.
You would have someone retreat from familiar territory because the intruder might be a better shot? That advice is as tactically silly as it is morally reprehensible.
Tells the whole story as to why everyone needs to be armed and responsible for their own safety and that of their loved ones. In an attack by an intruder, 21 minutes is an eternity.
Exactly. It boggles the mind that after 21 minutes the police still weren’t there.
The cops ALWAYS show up on time.
When every second counts the police are just minutes away.
Dial 1911 first, 911 second.
Good Shoot. And saves a lot of taxpayer money with a trial and all..
21 minutes … budget cuts you know.
Actually, she lives in a very rural area and not very easy to get to quickly. Considering it was New Year’s Eve as well, it probably added to the time the police was able to get there.
Thank God the dispatcher didn’t tell her to assume the fetal position and wait until the police arrived.
Someone else pointed this out to me.
1/ The woman had lost her husband to cancer just the week before. She was the sole custodian of her child.
2/ Hard to say what goes through many minds, but knowing (1) the woman probably wanted to be sure that she stayed custodian of her child vs she being prosecuted and the child ending up under state care.
If both of those motives are true then that indicates a presence of mind on the mothers part far above most would consider on the aftermath of this kind of encounter. Most would shoot first and ask about the consequences later. That’s smart, not dumb.
Also, could you imagine the court house steps theater that the defense attorney would lay against the prosecutor? The Asst DA would be looking for a hole to crawl in as the jury was busy looking for a rope.
My experience: Wisconsin and Pennsylvania are great hunting states. Most rural homes have guns available and not just recently.
As they say: when seconds count, the police are just minutes away.
Owning a gun is just Step One. Regular target practice is Step Two.
For Newbies: start with a revolver (no semi-automatics).
Nonsense! Ideally a person new to firearms, handguns in particular, should get some training from a qualified firearms instructor with _both_ pistol and revolver and then make an educated choice depending on which firearm they find to be most functional for their needs.
Your point is well taken. Based on other comments here, the NRA offers gun courses and a qualified instructor could be found there to offer advice on the relative merits of each.
For the large majority of adult newbies, whose skill sets are unknown, who’ve never been around firearms, I believe the revolver – as a starter pistol – to be both safer and simpler to operate and clean – and could avert the type of accident described in the link below.
Why a revolver instead of a semi-automatic?
I know almost nothing about guns, but more and more I realize I should get one. I’d appreciate the info and a suggestion on a good, reliable gun for a beginner. I guess I’ll look into NRA classes around here (if the NRA has any presence here on the left coast)!
When we went to Back-to-school night when our oldest daughter had just started the fourth grade, before the teacher even started talking, one of the moms stood up and gave an impassioned spiel haranguing the assembled parents to support the Million Mom March against guns. Even though I grew up in a house where my father forbade my mother from buying us toy guns for Christmas, my blood started to boil. All the parents were nodding and voicing their support for her wild-eyed lecture. They can’t even keep their politics out of a fourth-grade classroom.
LukeHandCool (who, as a 14-year-old, defied his father by secretly buying a BB-gun from a friend. But who, after shooting and killing a sparrow, felt so badly about what he’d done, he threw the gun away).
Among other things, easier to care for and use. For women’s concealed carry, get something light such as the old police standby .38 special or a .357 magnum (which will take lower recoil .38 cartridges), with a short barrel and no exposed hammer spur. For self-defense (rather than target practice), you want high-quality, jacketed hollowpoint bullets. For home defense, a 12 gauge pump action shotgun. And then learn. Join your local NRA gun club and find out where you can get instruction and advice.
I would add that – for newbies – removing the magazine does NOT mean that a semi-automatic Is unloaded; a cartridge may be loaded in the chamber and not easily visible. Once shells are ejected from a revolver, you KNOW it is unloaded.
crimson Trace laser sights add a layer of comfort for self defense purposes.
My carry class advised most self defense shoot outs end after an average of no more than two rounds being fired by the defender, making the typical 6-15 round magazine less critical.
Once a newbie is comfortable with shooting AND cleaning a revolver, by all means, step up to a semi. After observing the disassembly and cleaning of a semi, a potential defender can decide if they can handle the maintenance.
A dirty gun is an unreliable gun.
Also, fragile ammunition or “soft” rounds are designed to break apart upon hitting hard surfaces to avoid riccoets during close quarter firing. I do not think the human body is classified as a hard surface, but I believe there is ammo available to reduce over penetration.
Keep in mind that there is a statistic that 90% of shootouts of armed persons within 12 feet of each other end with no injuries at all.
In other words, most folks really stink at shooting, so that practice is really important.
That’s why you see a shotgun mentioned for home defense. You don’t have to be accurate, just close enough.
I also have seen a revolver advertised called the Judge that fires shotgun shells. I’ve never handled one, so I won’t recommend it, but it is one to consider as well.
Yep. Three yards, three rounds, three seconds.
I will say that I do not believe that a revolver is automatically better for a newbie than a semiautomatic. One reason: many newbies find the long trigger pull of a double action revolver harder to shoot accurately than that of many semiautomatic pistols.
The key, especially for newbies is training, and trying out different types of handguns. There is no reason that a newbie can’t learn a semiautomatic well enough for their first handgun: I did.
The link below offers a quite comprehensive discussion of the revolver/semi-automatic issue. Brief excerpts below.
“Ease of use: Revolvers are undeniably simpler mechanical objects than semi-automatics are. Their operation is easy to understand. They have fewer moving parts.
However, it isn’t that hard to learn the basic operation of a semi-auto.
I’m in L.A., Left Coast. But thank you kindly for all the info! When I get a little more free time I’m going to start checking into buying a gun and taking the necessary classes.
LukeHandCool: one other thing. If you are in the San Jose area and wish to shoot, I can take you to a range where you can shoot my guns. Bring your wife as well. And I really mean about BayProfs. They are a great group of people.
Thanks, Left Coast! Unfortunately, I’m down here in L.A.
Thanks for all the info you guys!
The CNN interviewer asked the woman why she didn’t run. It seems she lives in a mobile home that was up about 5 or 6 steps above the ground. Clearly, some people would have expected her to grab her baby and jump out of a window about 6ft above the ground and then (if she didn’t break an ankle or drop the baby) she would have had absolutely no barriers between her and the two assailants.
What the heck has happened to this nation that a woman has to ask permission to protect herself against two obvious perverts trying to break into her house? How is it possible that people even question her as to whether she has any regrets?
We clearly have a problem with all of the liberals in this nation and it seems to be getting worse each day. We cannot possibly continue to live side by side with these people and consider them to simply have a different point of view.
We need to try to extricate the liberals from our government, our schools and next, our workplaces. I don’t believe it’s illegal to discriminate against someone because of their political views. They need to start experiencing consequences for their radical un-American views.
The CNN interviewer asked the woman why she didn’t run.
A. Before the perps gained entry, thereby placing her and her child outside with both of her assailants.
Moronic questions like that deserve full exploration.
Ms McKinley had met Martin a week earlier, after he showed up at her house on the day of her husband’s funeral claiming to be a neighbour.
She did not let him into her home that day.
Ms McKinley’s mother told Newson6.com that Martin stalked her daughter at a rodeo two years ago. The two have since bumped into each other at a nearby convenience store. Ms McKinley said she didn’t know who he was until after the shooting, when she pieced everything together.
This was clearly a premeditated crime. It’s frightening to think what would have happened to the girl and her daughter if she had been unarmed.
This is why we must protect the 2nd amendment, and in so doing protect ourselves.
There is substantail difference in exactly what Castle Doctrine covers from state to state.
Another MAJOR issue is potential civil legal liability. In FL, if you defend yourself using lethal force, there is a coroner’s inquest to determine whether your actions were lawful. If they were, you are shielded from a potential civil suit for damages.
Here in Texas, not only can you protect your family, you can protect your stuff!
I swear that if someone enters in the nightime, he/she will get ventilated by a 12 gage, Glock 19 or the nifty snakeshot revolver.
My favorite version holds, as do most versions, that I may shoot intruders into my home.
In addition, if a relative of that intruder attempts to sue me later for shooting her poor misunderstood little buddy, I get to shoot her, too.
She didn’t ‘have’ to call for permission to self defend, her ignorance of the law led to that. If a home has a firearm present for defense, every adult living in that home needs to be familiar with the applicable state laws *before* an attack occurs.
State laws vary widely. I have a concealed carry permit in NC. Outside my home, my first duty is to retreat from a threat, if I can do so safely. I am only allowed to defend myself – I cannot jump into a nearby altercation and shoot an aggressor. Inside the home, it’s a whole nuther ball game in NC. The intruder needn’t be armed and I am not required to safely retreat if possible. I am allowed to shoot on sight – Castle Doctrine (“a man’s home is his castle”).
Word to Luke and others who may be considering obtaining a firearm for home protection or a concealed carry permit for personal protection outside the home…. Don’t do this unless you are prepared to: 1) Learn all applicable laws, 2) Learn how to operate and maintain the weapon, 3) Teach every adult in the home the same, 4) Educate every minor in the home on gun safety.
The choice of home defense weapon is open to argument. Your basic choices are four: revolver, semi-auto, shotgun, or rifle.
Revolver – Simple to operate, no safety on most revolvers, never jams, but holds only 5-6 cartridges typically. There are speed loaders, but the typical homeowner will not be able to quickly reload in a firefight.
Semi-auto – More complicated.. safety, magazine release button, usually a lever for disassembly.. will you know instinctively which is which? Is my safety on? Etc. Depending on weapon, mags hold 6-15 cartridges and a mag can be replaced in a second if available. Semi-autos can jam however. You can’t leave one in a drawer for six years and expect it to operate perfectly (though it might).
Shotgun – A little complicated (pump shotgun), safety, holds 3-6 shells typically. Using buckshot, the spread pattern favors the poor shooter – close counts. The weapon is imposing by sight and sound. Normal length shotguns are a little unwieldy, while pistol grip home defenders are harder to fire accurately.
Rifle – A little complicated, safety, either mags or semi-auto, holds plenty of rounds usually. Long and unwieldy inside a home.
Only the shotgun can be loaded with ammunition that can be safely predicted not to penetrate walls behind the intruder – where family might be.
Handguns: Large caliber vs small. Large caliber has better stopping power, while small caliber usually means more cartridges in one magazine or cylinder. The crux of the biscuit is shot placement. A .22 penetrating the head is better than a .50 in the arm.
Long Guns: The shotgun is preferred. Whether nomal length or pistol gripped shortie for home defense, a matter of personal comfort and ease. A rifle shell is likely to go thru the bad guy, thru the rest of the house, and even into the next house.
ULTIMATE consideration: Do you have children in the house? A self-defense weapon isn’t much use if it is trigger locked and stored in a gun safe on the top shelf in the closet. There has to be some level of immediacy in its availability in a crisis. This also means immediacy of availability to your kids. Even if you thoroughly educate your kids on gun safety, is it reasonable to expect 100% compliance? And what about your kids’ circle of friends coming in and out of your house? Will they keep hands off your weapon? My personal feeling is that a loaded available weapon in the home is probably more dangerous than the chance of any possible intruder. I kept all my weapons offsite or completely locked up while I still had kids in the house.
Concealed carry on person out in public: Kel-Tec P32 Semi-auto with extended magazine (11 cartridges).
Concealed carry, stays in my pick up truck: Para Ordnance PXT 1911 .45ACP semi-auto.
Home defense #1: Rossi .38 Special revolver, hidden in one end of house.
Home defense #2: Mossberg 500 12ga. pump shotgun, pistol grip, short barrell, buckshot.
Home defense #3: Max, the Mighty Mutt, 6 lbs of lean, mean, home defendin’ machine.
A short google search will locate most of the arguments for/against the various options I’ve mentioned.
Will I fully train and familiarize myself with the weapon(s), clean them, get comfortable with them?
Bear in mind, when it comes to home defense or self defense on the street, you are expecting yourself to wake up from a dead sleep or from ambush in a parking lot and perform martial, deadly combat right from the gitgo. It takes quite a lot to train our military people to do this. Are you up for that? Or is another plan more realistic?
Even if you thoroughly educate your kids on gun safety, is it reasonable to expect 100% compliance? And what about your kids’ circle of friends coming in and out of your house? Will they keep hands off your weapon? My personal feeling is that a loaded available weapon in the home is probably more dangerous than the chance of any possible intruder. I kept all my weapons offsite or completely locked up while I still had kids in the house.
Also excellent advice. I told my kids the same.
Henry, for a solid carry weapon, a SIG P220 in .45ACP will do the trick. In the home, a 12 gauge Remington 870 works well. The sound of a shell being “racked” is a universal language. For smaller people, a 20 gauge or .410 bore is also effective. A solid safety course is essential and practice, practice, practice.
I taught my children about gun safety when they were in their early teens and took them to an outdoor range when they were in their mid teens. They enjoy shooting and are pretty good at it.
Shooting at a paper target, however, is vastly different from what goes on in combat or a “situation”.
You’ll never hear the shotgun “rack” in my home…you are already deaf, if not otherwise bodily distracted.
One in the pipe, safety on.
When seconds matter, seconds matter.
I have a Para .45ACP, but it is larger than I want for concealed carry.
Every knee-jerk anti-gun lefty (ashamed to say that was me in the distant past) should read your post and see how serious “gun people” are about their guns and gun safety. Cheers for all the info!
That’s the legacy of my father, an immigrant to the US, a WWII US Marine in the Pacific Theater, and a career police officer.
Um, forget the law and the phone call. Do you want to take your chances with a guy armed with a knife kicking down your door, or with 12 jurors?
We may be jumping to the wrong conclusion that she felt she “had” to ask permission. It’s obvious that when she grabbed the shotgun and the handgun BEFORE she made the call to 911 that her self preservation instincts had already kicked in.
My guess is that had the bad guys succeeded in breaking down her door BEFORE she asked the 911 person if it was ok to shoot, her instincts to shoot would have kicked in. As she said, she was determined to protect her baby from the intruders.
But it also sounds like it was good that she did ask “permission”. Because it sounds like the 911 dispatcher advised her that if she shot before they’d actually broken in, there was a higher probability that she might be held liable.
All in all, it looks like she did everything exactly right.
“I feared for my life. I want a lawyer” and say NO MORE. (The police may or may not sympathize or be your friend, but that’s irrelevant. The District Attorney confers charges and is NOT your friend).
Google ‘don’t talk to the police”. Below is a link. Very instructive. I think that it a 3 part video, so don’t stop at the first “hit”.
My CCW instructor showed that video as part of the program.
This recent news about an expanded “castle doctrine” in Pennsylvania.
SOMERSET, Pa.—A man who fatally shot his wife’s lover with a bow and arrow won’t face criminal charges, in part, because the state’s expanded “castle doctrine” makes it legal to use deadly force on one’s porch or deck, a prosecutor said Tuesday.
Got into an argument over this with an employee this morning. She mentioned the story about cops shooting a kid who was waving a pellet gun around. Poor kid. Bad choice. Her point was that they should have shot him in the leg. No. If you draw, be prepared to shoot. If you shoot, prepare to kill. Too many people watched Barnaby Jones pick off a fleeing suspect at 100 yards with a hand gun. Doesn’t work like that. I brought up this story and asked her, “If that were you and your kids in the situation, would you shoot him in the leg or shoot him in the head?” I asked her five times, and she wouldn’t answer.
I’ve drawn on someone waving one of those around. he came extremely close to dying that night.
Not “kill”. Stop. You shoot to “stop”. Whatever that takes.
I have NO doubt she wasn’t really seriously asking for permission. I believe she would’ve have shot whether the operator said yes or no.
It was a rhetorical question. I do think she was smart enough to think to ask as that put her preparations and presence of mind on tape.
I was hoping they’d play the sound of the shotgun blast but they cut it before. Too bad.
I agree. I’ll bet she called 911 because the clown was taking so long to gain entry (she had time to call), and since she had them on the line, um… can I shoot him without going to jail?
She was going “on the record”. That’s all. Brave young lady.
Lots of comments about 21-minutes, more about which gun is better, but little said about the 911 operator. “You have to do what you have to do”.
Let’s just hope some county supervisor doesnt start thinking the 911 operator should get “refresher” training.
Another thing – haven’t seen anyone post anything about the second intruder. From what I read, he is being charged with murder. Good call. Wonder what his family is saying now…(our little boy made some mistakes, but he didn’t kill anyone – how come he’s going to jail and she’s not…yada yada yada, blah blah blah).
The second intruder is being charged with murder? Of whom? Got a link?
under the felony murder rule, if two or more people are committing a felony and one of them dies as a result, the other participants are charged with his or her murder.
The police couldn’t get there in 21 minutes? Gee whiz! When seconds count, the police are half an hour away?
As far as leaving your home goes. Open any door and you don’t know who is waiting to grab you. AS woman should not be put in a position to endanger herself. Do we have only fools in some of our state goverments?
Does anyone know if OK Castle Doctrine law gives immunity from lawsuits from next of kin the way Texas law does?
My impression is that was suicide by cop.
Meant to link to Windbag’s comment.
And the kid wasn’t waving the pellet gun around, he pointed it directly at the officers before they fired.
It’s good that she got one of the perps. It’s too bad that she didn’t get the other guy. This is one of the reasons crime is down. More of them in jail or dead.
It is great that this story is getting so much play, unlike any other self-defense story. Usually those stories are buried in local news and never make it nationally–unlike criminals shooting innocent people. There will probably be a warning out on the replacement for Journolist chastising the press for allowing this story to go national.
Regarding the 21 minute response time, on my rural island that sounds pretty good. It can take one of our two deputies that long to go from one end of the island to the other at speed, but usually the response time is greater. So, my philosophy remains–I carry a pistol because a policeman is too heavy to carry around…. | 2019-04-20T13:05:30Z | https://legalinsurrection.com/2012/01/why-do-we-even-have-to-ask-for-permission-to-shoot/ |
An all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) device includes a primary ADPLL circuit and a controller which allow an in-phase output signal to be generated even when the incoming reference signal is lost. The primary ADPLL loop includes a phase detector, a digital loop filter, a first digital control oscillator (DCO) for generating a loop signal which is phase-locked to a received reference signal, and a frequency divider. The controller generates control signals to be used by a secondary DCO or the first DCO to generate a synchronized system output signal. The controller includes an accumulator which accumulates the number of phase-hopping events performed by the first DCO for a certain time period, a first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffer which stores a number of consecutive phase-hopping samples from the accumulator, and a calculator for determining an average of the consecutive values stored in the FIFO buffer. The control signals generated by the controller may be used by the secondary DCO to achieve a synchronized system output signal during both normal and holdover operating modes, or may be used by a single DCO only during the holdover mode.
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling a phase-locked loop (PLL) system to generate a synchronized output signal during periods when the incoming reference signal is interrupted, and more particularly to a new method and apparatus for an all digital holdover circuit.
In data transmission systems, the transmitter and the receiver must be synchronized to accurately access transmitted data. Phased-locked loop (PLL) circuits have been used for many years to achieve such synchronization. A typical PLL circuit receives an accurate reference input signal and performs a feedback control operation to lock the output signal in phase with the incoming reference signal. Essentially, an analog PLL circuit continuously tests the output of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) through a feedback loop, and when the output of the VCO drifts away from the incoming reference signal, an error voltage is generated to pull the VCO back into synchronization with the incoming reference signal. PLL circuits thus have been widely used in a variety of applications such as communication systems, computers networks, television transmissions, etc.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, a conventional analog PLL circuit consists of three main components: a phase detector (PD) 14, a loop filter 12, and a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 10. The conventional analog PLL circuit illustrated in FIG. 1 further includes a frequency divider 16 which adjusts the frequency of the VCO output signal fout to correspond to the frequency of an incoming reference signal. The PD 14 compares an incoming reference signal fref and the fed-back output of VCO 10 fout /N, and generates an error signal which represents any phase differences between the reference signal fref and the VCO output. The loop filter 12 acts as a low-pass filter, thereby removing alternating current (ac) components to provide a direct-current (dc) voltage signal to drive the VCO 10. This input voltage supplied from the loop filter 12 controls the output frequency of the VCO. The output fout of the VCO 10 is fed-back to the PD 14 through the frequency divider 16 and is continuously driven in a direction that will minimize the error signal generated by the PD 14. Once the signals fref and fout /N are made equal, the output of VCO is said to be locked to the input reference signal, and any phase differences between the two signals will be controlled.
All digital PLLs have also been developed to continuously monitor the output of a digital control oscillator (DCO), instead of the analog VCO, and to generate digital control signals which pull the DCO back into synchronization with the incoming reference signal. Such all digital PLLs generally provide advantages over analog PLLs because expensive external components, such as a VCxO, are not required.
A problem occurs for conventional analog/digital PLL circuits used to synchronously read a transmitted information stream when the incoming reference signal is lost or interrupted. During the absence of the incoming reference signal, the output frequency of the VCO/DCO may drift, thereby causing the receiver to read data from the received information stream out of synchronization. Prior art techniques have therefore been developed to compensate for periods when the incoming reference signal is interrupted.
One such prior art technique for generating an in-phase output signal during a period of incoming reference signal absence selects an alternate reference signal when the primary incoming reference signal is lost. This holdover system, however, is not applicable to communication systems which use a single reference signal.
In another prior art holdover technique, two PLL circuits, each utilizing a VCxO, are provided to protect the accuracy of the output signal of the first PLL when the incoming signal is absent. In this system, however, two separate PLL circuits are required, in addition to a digital-to-analog converter which is needed to convert the signals from a digital up/down counter of the second PLL circuit to the analog signal needed for VCO input.
In yet another prior art technique, a PLL circuit having a VCO employs a crystal maintained at a constant temperature so that a phase-locked lock signal having minimal drift is provided. In this analog system, however, high power consumption is required to maintain the crystal at the constant temperature.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a phase-locked loop apparatus which maintains a phase-locked signal even when an incoming reference signal is absent or interrupted.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an all-digital phase-locked loop circuit which utilizes off the shelf components and consumes low power.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for maintaining a phase-locked signal upon absence or interruption of an incoming reference signal.
a controller which calculates an average number of phase adjustments performed by the primary PLL circuit for a given time period and generates a secondary control signal in accordance with the average number, the secondary control signal being used by the apparatus to generate the synchronized output signal during a holdover mode.
the method generates a synchronized output signal in accordance with the secondary control signal during a holdover mode.
The PLL apparatus of the present invention includes a primary all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) circuit having a phase detector, a digital loop filter, and a DCO. When a reference signal is received (normal operating mode), the phase detector determines phase differences between the incoming reference signal and the loop output signal. The digital loop filter generates control signals based on such phase differences. The control signals from the digital loop filter cause the DCO to adjust the loop output by performing a phase-hopping operation. During this period, an accumulator monitors the phase-hopping events performed by the DCO. A series of consecutive phase-hopping accumulation values are stored.
An average of a predetermined number of phase-hopping accumulation values is used to generate secondary control signals which control the phase-hopping operation of a second DCO during both a normal operating mode and a holdover mode, or which control the DCO of the primary ADPLL loop during the holdover mode. In this device, the phase adjustments during the holdover mode are performed based on previous normal operating mode phase-hopping operations and thereby provide a stable output signal with minimal drift. Furthermore, all circuits of this PLL apparatus can be implemented with off the shelf digital components.
Further scope and applicability of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart, according to the present invention, which illustrates a method for generating secondary control signals used to control a phase-hopping operation.
The present holdover mode apparatus/method is particularly applicable to an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) circuit such as that previously disclosed in co-pending applications Ser. Nos. 08/555,941 and 08/816,249, filed Nov. 13, 1995 and Mar. 13, 1997 respectively, which are each incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Although described in the context of the ADPLL circuit set forth in these co-pending applications, the holdover method/apparatus described herein is equally applicable to other types of ADPLL circuits as will be apparent to one having ordinary skill in the art.
The previously disclosed ADPLL circuit illustrated in FIG. 2 includes four main components: a digital control oscillator (DCO) 20, a digital loop filter 30, a phase detector (PD) 40, and a /N counter 50. The /N counter 50 receives a loop output signal fout from the DCO 20 and adjusts the frequency of fout to correspond to the frequency of an incoming reference signal. The PD 40 receives two incoming signals, fin and fout /N, which respectively represent an input reference signal and the fed-back output of the DCO 20, and compares fin and fout /N to detect any phase differences. The PD 40 outputs signals UP and DN which signify phase differences between fin and fout /N.
As shown for example in FIG. 3A, when fin and fout /N are in phase the positive edges of these signals occur at the same time, thereby creating a zero level output from the PD 40. As illustrated in FIG. 3B, when the positive edge of the reference signal fin leads the positive edge of the fed-back output signal fout /N, these signals are out of phase, and the UP portion of the PD 40 output is pulsed to set the PD 40 in a state which signifies a positive phase error. As illustrated in FIG. 3C, when the positive edge of fin lags the positive edge of fout /N, these signals are again out of phase, and the DN portion of the PD 40 output is pulsed to set the PD 40 in a state which signifies a negative phase error.
The output signals UP and DN from the PD 40 are sent to the digital loop filter (LF) 30 which operates in conjunction with the DCO 20 to adjust the output of the ADPLL circuit. When the total pulse width of the UP signal output from PD 40 is greater than that of the DN signal, the frequency of the loop output will be increased (i.e., sped up). When, on the other hand, the total pulse width of the UP signal is smaller than that of the DN signal, the frequency of the loop output will be reduced (i.e., slowed down).
The digital LF 40 may consist of, for example, a K-counter having both an up counter and a down counter which together allow the k-counter to generate a "carry" output (CA) and a "borrow" output (BO). The CA and BO signals generated by the digital LF 30 are output and received by the DCO 20. When the DN output of the PD 40 is active, this enables the down counter of the digital LF 30 to decrease a count value maintained by the K-counter. When, on the other hand, the UP output from the PD 40 is active, this enables the up counter of the digital LF 30 to increase the count value maintained by the K-counter. Therefore, when the digital LF 30 is in a state of "underflow" as a result of the counting operations of the up and down counters, a "borrow" pulse is generated for signal BO. On the other hand, when the digital LF 30 is in a state of "overflow" as a result of the counting operations performed by the up and down counters, a "carry" pulse is generated for signal CA.
The DCO 20 receives the CA and BO signals from the Digital LF 30, and further receives a local clock signal fc. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the DCO 20 may be configured to include three main components: a delay line 24 having L delay stages, an UP/DN Counter 26, and a multiplexer 22. The delay line 24 receives the local clock signal fc and, in the example illustrated in FIG. 4, has sixteen delay stages D1 -D16 (L=16) which together generate sixteen phase-different clock signals C1 -C16. Each of the sixteen phase-different clock signals C1 -C16 is sent to the multiplexer 22. This series of phase-different clock signals C1 -C16 allow the DCO 20 to implement a phase-hopping action which compensates for phase errors detected by the PD 40.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, "borrow" pulses of signal BO cause the DCO 20 to select a phase-different clock signal among C1 -C16 to delay the loop output signal fout. On the other hand, "carry" pulses on signal CA cause the DCO 20 to select a local clock signal from C1 -C16 which advance the loop output signal fout.
In the specific example illustrated in FIG. 5, a BO pulse initially directs the multiplexer 22 to select a phase-lagging signal Ci+1 so that fout is slowed down. As a subsequent phase error is detected in the opposite direction, a CA pulse directs the multiplexer 22 to select phase-leading signal Ci so that fout is sped up. In this way, each time the BO pulse forces the multiplexer to select a phase-lagging local clock, the loop's output is delayed by 1/L cycle. Likewise, each time the CA pulse forces the multiplexer to select a phase-leading local clock, the loop's output is advanced by 1/L cycle. Accordingly, 16 phase hopping events in the phase-leading direction will cause the loop's output to advance by 1 Hz, and the same number of phase hopping events in the phase-lagging direction will cause the loop's output to be delayed 1 Hz.
The UP/Dn counter 26 of the DCO illustrated in FIG. 4 accepts the CA and BO signals from the digital LF 30 and outputs an address to multiplexer 22, to thereby select a corresponding phase-different clock from the set of phase different clocks C1 -C16 provided by the delay line 24.
FIG. 6 illustrates an apparatus, according to the present invention, for maintaining an in-phase output even when the incoming reference signal fin is interrupted or absent. This apparatus includes a primary ADPLL circuit 110 having components such as those illustrated in FIG. 2, and further includes components which maintain an in-phase output signal during a period when the incoming reference signal fin has been interrupted. Therefore, the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 6 is able to function accurately in both a normal operating mode and a holdover mode.
The primary ADPLL circuit which generates a phase-adjusted loop output signal fout is labelled 110 and includes a phase detector (PD) 116, a digital loop filter (LF) 114, a first digital control oscillator (DCO) 112a, and an N/ counter 118. The structural connection and operation of the elements in the ADPLL unit 110 have been described in detail with the regard to FIG. 2, and therefore a description of the connection and operation of these elements is omitted here. As will be detailed below, the loop output signal fout generated by the first DCO 112a is not output as the system clock, and instead is only used as a fed-back signal to the PD 116. Instead, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 a secondary DCO generates the output system signal during both a normal operating mode and a holdover mode.
To provide an in-phase output signal during both a normal operating mode and a holdover mode, the ADPLL apparatus illustrated in FIG. 6 includes, in addition to the primary ADPLL circuit 110, three main components: a loss of signal (LOS) indicator 120, a controller 140, and a second DCO 112b.
The LOS indicator 120 receives the incoming reference signal fin and outputs a LOS signal to the controller 140 to indicate when the incoming reference signal fin has been interrupted. The controller 140, which may be realized for example as a micro-controller, receives the control signals CA and BO output from the digital LF 114 in addition to the LOS signal output by the LOS indicator 120. The controller 140 outputs secondary control signals CA' and BO' which are used to control a phase-hopping operation of the second DCO 112b. The second DCO 112b receives the secondary control signals CA' and BO' output by the controller 140, receives the local clock signal fc which is similarly received by the first DCO 112a, and outputs a synchronized system output signal fout '.
The operation of the ADPLL apparatus illustrated in FIG. 6 is described as follows. By receiving the incoming reference signal fin, the LOS indicator 120 is able to determine when the incoming reference signal fin has been interrupted, and subsequently initiate a holdover mode. During both a normal operating mode and the holdover mode, the controller 140 generates secondary control signals CA' and BO' which, like the control signals CA and BO received by the first DCO 112a described above, control a phase-hopping operation by causing the second DCO 112b to select either a lagging phase-different clock signal or a leading phase-different clock signal, depending on whether the output signal fout ' should be delayed or advanced.
A specific arrangement which may be utilized as the controller 140 is illustrated in FIG. 7, and includes four main components: an accumulator 142, a first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffer 144, an average calculator 146, and a switch 148. During the normal operating mode of the ADPLL apparatus 100, the accumulator receives the phase-hopping control signals CA and BO output by the digital LF 114 which control the phase-hopping operation of the first DCO 112a. The accumulator 142 accumulates the phase-hopping events represented by the phase-hopping control signals CA and BO that occur in a given time period (e.g., 0.1 seconds). Each accumulation value is output by the accumulator 142. The FIFO buffer 144 receives consecutive accumulation values output by the accumulator 142 via a closed switch 148. The LOS signal output by the LOS indicator 120 keeps the switch 148 closed during the normal operating mode so that consecutive accumulation values are shifted into the FIFO buffer 144. On the other hand, the LOS signal output by the LOS indicator 120 opens the switch 148 during the holdover mode so that no additional accumulation values from the accumulator 142 are shifted into the FIFO buffer 144 until the incoming reference signal fin has been restored.
The FIFO buffer 144 stores a number of consecutive accumulation values from the accumulator 142. In FIG. 7, the FIFO buffer has ten stages, and thus stores ten consecutive outputs from the accumulator 142. The consecutive values stored in the FIFO buffer of FIG. 7 thus represent a full second of phase-hopping events performed by the first DCO 112a. Alternatively, the FIFO buffer 144 may consist of a greater or lesser number of stages, such as one hundred, to store accumulation values for a longer/shorter period of time (e.g., 10 seconds). The FIFO buffer 144 outputs each accumulation value stored therein to an average calculator 146.
The average calculator 146 receives the plurality of accumulation values output by the FIFO buffer 144 and computes the average of these values. This average value is used to generate secondary control signals BO' and CA' which are output by the controller 140 to control the direction (i.e, phase-lagging direction or phase-leading direction) and hopping operation count (i.e., number of phase-hopping events for a given time period) of the second DCO 112b.
The average calculator 146 generates two values (d, x), with x representing the average number of hopping events for given time period (e.g., 0.1 seconds) and d representing the phase hopping direction. For example, when d=0, the second DCO 112b will increase the output frequency of signal fout ' x number of times for each 0.1 second time period. On the other hand, when d=1, the second DCO 112b will decrease the output frequency of signal fout ' x number of times each 0.1 second time period. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the secondary control signals CA' and BO' are used to represent (d, x), and are output by the controller 140 to the second DCO 112b. Thus during the normal operating mode of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the secondary control signals CA' and BO' generated by the controller 140 are based on a running average of the phase-hopping events indicated by the first control signals CA and BO.
For the holdover mode operation of the ADPLL apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 6-7, when the LOS indicator 120 senses that the incoming reference signal fin is absent, a holdover mode is initiated so that the FIFO buffer 144 ceases to receive additional accumulation values from the accumulator 142. The average of the values stored in the FIFO buffer 144 at this instant, calculated by the average calculator 146, is used during the entire holdover mode duration to generate secondary control signals CA' and BO' for the second DCO 112b output signal fout '. Thus during the holdover mode, the secondary control signals CA' and BO' generated by the controller 140 are based on a constant average of the values stored in the FIFO 144 when a loss of incoming reference is indicated by the signal LOS. Because the LOS indicator 120 takes less that 0.1 second to detect that the incoming reference signal fin is absent, the values that are shifted into the FIFO buffer 144 will always be available and accumulation values for a shortened accumulation period (caused by a loss of fin) will not be output to the FIFO, thereby ensuring the output quality of the second DCO 112b output signal fout '. As soon as the LOS indicator 120 detects that the incoming reference signal fin is present, the accumulator 142 resets and accumulates the phase hopping events represented by signals CA and BO again.
As discussed above with reference to FIG. 4, like the first DCO 112a, the second DCO 112b may include a delay line 24 which receives the local clock signal fc and generates a number of phase-different clock signals C1 -C16.
FIG. 8 illustrates an alternative embodiment, according to the present invention, for maintaining an in-phase output signal when an incoming reference signal fin is interrupted. For this embodiment, the operation of the primary ADPLL circuit 110 (including the PD 116, the digital LF 114, the DCO, the IN counter 118) and the LOS indicator 120 is the same as that described in detail above. Accordingly, a discussion of these components will be mostly omitted for the description of the alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8, instead of a second DCO 112b, a multiplexer 150 receives the secondary control signals CA' and BO' generated and output by the controller 140. The multiplexer 150 is positioned between the digital LF 114 and the DCO 112 to receive the control signals CA and BO output by the digital LF 114. The multiplexer 150 is further positioned between the controller 140 and the DCO 112 to receive the secondary control signals CA' and BO' generated and output by the controller 140. The multiplexer 150 further receives a switching signal SW from the controller 140 which instructs the multiplexer 150 to output the normal operating mode phase-hopping control signals CA, BO or the secondary control signals CA', BO'.
The alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8 operates as follows. When the LOS indicator 120 senses that the incoming signal is absent, the ADPLL apparatus operates in a holdover mode. When operating in the holdover mode, as discussed above, the FIFO buffer 144 of the controller 140 stops receiving accumulation values from the accumulator 142. The average value computed by the average calculator 146 at the instant the incoming reference signal fin is lost and the switch 148 opened is used during the entire holdover mode.
When the holdover mode is initiated, the controller 140 outputs a signal SW to the multiplexer 150 to indicate that the secondary control signals CA', BO' are to be output to the DCO 112 instead of the normal operating mode control signals CA, BO. Consequently, the DCO 112 performs the phase-hopping operation discussed above in accordance with the secondary control signals CA' and BO' generated by the controller 140. When the incoming reference signal fin is restored, the accumulator 142 resets, and the controller again instructs the multiplexer 150 to select the normal operating mode phase-hopping control signals CA, BO as the input to the VCO 112 in accordance with the signal SW received from the controller 140. Therefore, in the alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8, the loop output signal of a single DCO 112 is used as the system output signal and is adjusted based on control signals CA, BO during a normal operating mode and secondary control signals CA', BO' during a holdover mode.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart which illustrates a method, according to the present invention, for calculating the secondary control signals CA' and BO'. Specifically, as indicated by step S202, the accumulator 142 and the FIFO buffer 144 are reset immediately following a holdover mode. Next at step S204, the accumulator 142 accumulates phase-hopping events indicated by control signals BO and CA for a given time period (e.g., 0.1 seconds). Next at step S206, it is determined whether the LOS indicator 120 indicates that the incoming reference signal fin has been lost. If "NO," the accumulation value generated by the accumulator 142 is shifted into the FIFO buffer 144 at step S208. If, on the other hand, the determination at step S206 is "YES," the operation returns to step S204 described above. After step S208, the holdover mode operation proceeds to step S210, at which the average calculator 146 averages the values stored in the FIFO buffer 144. The operation next returns to step S204, at which the accumulator 142 accumulates an additional hopping event for the given time period (e.g., 0.1 seconds).
The ADPLL embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 6-8, which include holdover mode components, accurately generate synchronized output signals even when the incoming reference signal fin has been lost. For example, according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, where the accumulation sample period is 0.1 seconds, the FIFO buffer 144 has ten stages, and the VCO utilizes a 16 stage delay line, the average output value generated by the controller 140 covers a full second of phase-hopping events (i.e., 0.1 second accumulation period×10 FIFO stages). The error of this average will be ±1/16 clock signal errors per second. If the output clock frequency is 50 Mhz, the clock accuracy will thus be 1/16×1/50 ppm=1.25×10-3 ppm.
In addition to holdover mode accuracy, the ADPLL embodiments according to the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 6-8 can be achieved with a low level of hardware complexity, using a single ADPLL circuit, without requiring analog components, an AD/DA converter, or an expensive VCxO component. Additionally, the circuit can be implemented using a purely digital cell library or field programmable gate array (FPGA).
Although the invention has been described using a particular primary ADPLL circuit having a digital loop filter which generates control signals CA and BO, it will be evident to one having ordinary skill in the art that the present invention can extend to various kinds of ADPLL circuits. For example, certain ADPLL circuits adjust the output frequency generated by a DCO by using insert and delete pulses, instead of CA and BO pulses. Applying the concepts described above to such a circuit, insert/delete pulses may be accumulated for a certain period of time by the accumulator, and the average of these events can be taken in similar fashion to that described above to generate the secondary control signals CA' and BO'.
Similarly, certain ADPLL circuits control the output frequency by using a programmable frequency divider. In such a circuit, when the frequency of the DCO output should be increased, a smaller frequency divisor is used. On the other hand, when the frequency of the DCO output should be slowed down, a larger frequency divisor is used. Therefore, for such an ADPLL circuit, the accumulator of the present invention may record the count of larger/smaller divisors used within a given time period, and use the average of such a count to generate the secondary control signals CA' and BO'.
Furthermore, while the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but to the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
a controller which calculates an average number of phase adjustments performed by said primary PLL circuit for a given time period and generates a secondary control signal in accordance with said average number, said secondary control signal being used by said apparatus to generate said synchronized output signal during a holdover mode in which said primary PLL circuit does not receive said incoming reference signal.
a digital loop filter which receives said error signal from said phase detector and outputs said first control signal.
a second oscillator which receives said local clock signal and said secondary control signal, and generates said synchronized output signal in accordance with said secondary control signal.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said second oscillator generates said synchronized output signal in accordance with said secondary control signal during both a normal operating mode and said holdover mode.
an indicator which detects when said input reference signal is interrupted, and outputs an enable signal to said controller which instructs said controller to switch from a normal operating mode to said holdover operating mode.
averaging means which calculates the average of the consecutive accumulation values stored in said memory.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said memory is a first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffer.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus is an all-digital phase-locked loop apparatus.
9. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said oscillator is a digital control oscillator.
10. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said first oscillator and said second oscillator are each a digital control oscillator.
11. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said all-digital phase-locked loop apparatus is implemented with a field-programmable gate array.
said method generates a synchronized output signal in accordance with said secondary control signal during a holdover mode in which said incoming reference signal is not received.
averaging said predetermined number of consecutive accumulation values.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein said storing step is achieved by shifting consecutive accumulation values into a first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffer.
suspending said step of shifting consecutive accumulation values into said FIFO buffer during said holdover mode.
16. The method according to claim 12, wherein said method generates said synchronized output signal in accordance with said secondary control signal during said normal operating mode and said holdover mode.
said synchronized output signal is generated by a second oscillator.
18. The method according to claim 12, wherein said synchronized output and said phase-adjusted signal is generated by a single oscillator during both a normal operating mode and said holdover mode based on said secondary control signal.
19. The method according to claim 17, wherein said first oscillator and said second oscillator are each a digital control oscillator.
20. The method according to claim 18, wherein said oscillator is a digital control oscillator. | 2019-04-21T05:32:40Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/US6052034A/en |
In June the City Council approved the certified property tax rate provided by Utah County. This tax rate is set by the county to provide the same amount of property tax revenue to the city as was collected in the previous year, excluding revenue generated by new growth. Because property values increased overall, the tax rate for Cedar Hills went down from .002024 to .001923.
Approximately 19% of each household’s overall property tax assessment goes to the city. The city has no control over the remaining amount paid to other entities such as the school district or the county. Of all the General Fund tax revenue, 27.7% comes from property tax, 50.7% comes from sales tax, and the remaining comes from other tax sources.
Other sources of revenue to the city come in the form of user fees, charges for services, and intergovernmental revenue. Examples of user-specific fees and services include fees for licenses and permits, utility fees, garbage and recycling fees, recreation fees, and passport fees. Intergovernmental revenue includes money received from the State Liquor Tax Allotment and Class C Road funds.
The city’s budget consists of the General Fund; Golf Fund; Class C Road Fund; Golf Debt Service Fund; Capital Projects Fund; Water, Sewer & Storm Drain Fund; and Motor Pool Fund. The budget, which can be found on the city’s website, provides detailed information on the revenue and expenses for each fund. The following pie charts provide a summary of the sources of revenue and the expenses for each fund.
The budget process lasts for several months with staff and officials analyzing every fund. City staff and officials work together to ensure that taxes and fees are being assessed and used judiciously and strive to provide quality services for residents. I appreciate the time and effort that is put into this process by all involved, and for the resident feedback, which helps guide decisions made by the City Council.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on August 31, 2018 by Jenney Rees.
A permit and certificate of occupancy are required, but registration fees will only be assessed once per homeowner. Annual fees will no longer be required.
Impact fees will no longer be assessed.
Addresses for the main home and the ADU will be the same, however, the ADU will be listed with the city as the “B” unit so that first responders can be made aware of ADU’s and respond to the appropriate entrance in case of an emergency.
Existing ADU’s that have not yet been registered with the city may qualify for some exceptions to the updated code.
While we want to make the process of building and registering an ADU easier, homeowners who wish to have an ADU will still be required to meet building code requirements as it relates to safety (smoke detectors, safe electrical and plumbing, handrails, etc.,) and ordinances that apply to single-family homes, such as off-street parking, will also apply to ADU’s. If you are interested in receiving a copy of the updated ordinance or have questions on how to register an ADU, please contact the city offices at 801-785-9668.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on August 3, 2018 by Jenney Rees.
The recycling industry is struggling in the United States. According to a recent bulletin provided by Waste Management, until this year almost 30% of all recyclables from around the world were shipped to China, including 50% of the world’s recyclable mixed paper and plastics. China has implemented new aggressive environmental goals, which include establishing their own recycling programs, and on January 1st banned all mixed paper and mixed plastic imports. Additionally, due to the cost associated with separating contaminated materials from recyclable items, on March 1st China began enforcing a new 0.5% contamination limit on imported recyclables. Then on May 3rd China announced it had suspended inspections for all recyclables from the U.S., and because all loads must be inspected and certified, this means that no recyclables will ship to China from the U.S. for at least a month.
Due to these issues and the cost of separating contaminated items that have been placed in recycling bins, Waste Management has increased rates for recycling toters. The rate for the first toter per household will increase from $4.79/month to $6.90/month and the rate for subsequent toters per household will increase from $2.24/month to $5.00/month. These increases are still less than paying for a second garbage container, which is $10.99/month.
While customers have no control over China’s new policies, we can help improve domestic demand by reducing the number of contaminated items being placed in recycling toters. Click here to see the most common contaminants. Waste Management has created a number of educational materials on how to best use the recycling program and we will be sharing those with residents over the next several weeks, but wanted residents to be aware of the associated rate increases that will be coming in July. For more information on the recycling industry and for helpful materials on how to recycle, please visit recycleoftenrecycleright.com.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on June 27, 2018 by Jenney Rees.
I am happy to announce that on May 1, 2018, the City Council approved a settlement agreement to resolve a lawsuit with developer Cedar Hills Farmland, LLC and the property owner regarding the development of land located in the city’s commercial zone just south of Walmart. This piece of land has been in a litigation status since 2015 and the settlement will allow all parties to be fully released from all claims in connection with the development of the property.
Under the terms of the settlement agreement, the parties agree in concept to a proposal submitted by the developer to develop the property as a single-family planned unit development with up to 80 single family lots, 14,000 square feet of open space, and a 7,000 square foot commercial pad with associated parking. As part of the agreement, the city will consider formal action approving a new zoning district to accommodate the development, a development agreement, and preliminary and final subdivision plats. These items will be on a future agenda for the Planning Commission and City Council.
In 2013 Mr. Doug Young and representatives of the Smart family approached the city regarding the development of 11 acres owned by the Smart family and located in the city’s commercial zone. The original presentation included a five-story congregate care facility (55+ housing) on the Smart property and commercial/retail businesses located on the nine acres owned by the city, which is located on North County Blvd south of Harts. After several meetings with staff, Planning Commission, and elected officials to discuss the allowed uses in the zone, the application submitted by Mr. Young was to develop only the 11 acres of property owned by the Smarts and included a 291-unit 3-story congregate care facility and three commercial buildings.
During the discussions that occurred before and after Mr. Young submitted his application, a concern that was frequently raised was whether the congregate care facility was allowed per city code. The code stated that in the mixed-use office/retail zone, which included most of the Smart property, residential was only allowed if it was less than 50% of the building, was ancillary to retail, and was located on the upper levels of the building, not the main level. The only exception to this was assisted living facilities, which did not need to have a commercial component. As Mr. Young’s congregate care facility did not have any retail/commercial located in it, and as congregate care was not an allowed use in the zone, his proposal did not comply with city code.
Mr. Young indicated that he was willing to change his facility to be assisted living instead of congregate care, however, the feedback he was receiving from some members of the community was that congregate care was preferred over assisted living. For uses that are not expressly mentioned in city code, the City Council can make a determination on whether a project is “substantially similar” to something that is allowed or disallowed in code. On December 2, 2014, Mr. Young’s representative approached the Council and asked them to decide whether the congregate care facility being proposed could be considered substantially similar to an assisted living center, which is allowed in the mixed-use office/retail zone. After much debate, the Council voted 3-2 to allow congregate care to be treated as assisted living.
Once that decision was made, the Council was required by law to approve the congregate care facility but could impose conditions in order to address any adverse impacts the development would have on the community. The preliminary plans submitted by the developer included 291 housing units in the congregate care facility and three commercial buildings in the retail portion of the land. The layout presented is below.
Final approval of the project being made by the Planning Commission and the City Council.
Mr. Young appealed all conditions stating they were illegal and not supported. As part of the appeal, Mr. Young and the city agreed to both submit arguments to the State Land Use Ombudsman for an opinion. While the opinion of the Land Use Ombudsman is not legally binding, the opinions of this office closely align with what a court will eventually decide. Additionally, both parties must agree that once the Ombudsman provides an opinion and either party decides to go to court, the losing party must pay attorney’s fees for both parties.
On December 28, 2017, the Land Use Ombudsman provided an advisory opinion. The only conditions upheld were the requirement of 1.4 parking stalls, the requirement to have covered parking adjacent to single-family homes, and the requirement for bollard lighting instead of pole lighting in parking areas adjacent to single-family homes. All other conditions were dismissed as unlawful and unenforceable.
After the Ombudsman’s opinion was released, Mr. Young requested a meeting with the city’s attorney to discuss a possible settlement. In the end, the settlement agreed on by the City Council and Mr. Young was for a residential community consisting of 80 single-family homes, 14,000 square feet of open space, and a 7,000 square foot commercial building. While this changes the use of that land from commercial to residential, the city agreed to the settlement for several reasons.
Based on the Ombudsman’s opinion, the city’s chances of prevailing in court on all 10 conditions were slim. Whether the city was required to approve the 291-unit congregate care facility or agreed to the settlement, the land would be used for residential purposes, not commercial.
Throughout this process, the number one concern heard from residents was related to the density of the project. The settlement lowered the number of housing units from 291 to 80.
The original project was for a large facility of leased units as a senior apartment complex. The new agreement will be homes that are purchased, not leased.
The layout and use of the land with the settlement matches the adjacent residential area, whereas the 291-unit congregate care facility would be very dense and would be the tallest building in the city. The proposed zone change under the settlement agreement better fits with the rest of the community and the surrounding area.
The developer of the project will go through the subdivision approval process as outlined in city code, which means they will submit plans to the Planning Commission and the City Council for review. Additionally, the rezoning of this land for residential use will go to the Planning Commission and City Council. The concept plans provided by the developer at this point are provided below, though these plans could change as it goes through the approval process. However, the number of houses will not exceed 80 and the size of the commercial building will remain the same. Additionally, this will be an HOA community and the intent of the developer is to market it as a 55+ HOA.
While the original intent of this land was to serve as a commercial district for providing residents with retail goods and services, we are pleased that the resolution consists of 80 individually-owned homes instead of the original proposal of a 291-unit senior residential facility with leased units. I appreciate the feedback we received from residents throughout this process, and the help of our staff and legal team to finalize an agreement that satisfied all parties. We look forward to welcoming a new neighborhood into our community and adding some additional retail space to our commercial zone.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on May 4, 2018 by Jenney Rees.
Over the next few months, the city will be soliciting bids for public safety services. We currently receive our police services through a contract with American Fork Police Department and our fire and EMS services through an interlocal agreement with Lone Peak Public Safety, which also provides services to Alpine and Highland. Because our contract with American Fork Police will expire in 2019, last year the City Council decided it would be best to go through a bid process for our public safety services to research all options available to our city. This is not to suggest that we are unhappy with either American Fork or Lone Peak. We receive exceptional service from both entities and appreciate the relationships we have built with those who serve our community.
Because of our location, we are in a unique situation in that we have a few neighboring cities who have expressed interest in partnering with our city for public safety services. In addition to neighboring cities, we also have the option of utilizing the county for fire and/or police. Other cities of our size may only have one or two options available to them, so we are fortunate that we have multiple options, all of which are highly qualified.
Public safety is our largest General Fund expense and we are anticipating an increase in both fire and police services. With the growth that has come to our area, there has been an increase in the number of calls to dispatch for public safety services. As we review bids the City Council will be discussing items such as what level of a police presence we need, and what levels of staffing we want for fire and EMS in our city.
While the impact on our budget matters, we will be looking at several other factors as we go through each bid. For example, as we look at police services, one thing to keep in mind is that we have experienced an increase in the number of calls for police services over the past few years.
A significant portion of those calls is responding to issues related to theft and other issues in our commercial area. We also saw an increase in property crimes in 2017, many of which were related to open vehicles or garages. While our police department is proactively analyzing data each month to help us identify trends and issues in order to reduce crimes of opportunity, we may wish to explore increasing patrols or having an officer stationed in our public safety building. Adding more patrols and/or increasing the police presence in our city increases our cost, but might be something worth considering, especially with the growth that is coming to our area around North County Blvd. In addition to patrols and presence, we will also be looking at other services that the police department provides, such as community outreach programs, victim’s advocate services, and other resources that are important to members of our community. Our budget for police services for the fiscal year 2018 is $420,395.
When it comes to fire and EMS services, response time is essential. When we formed the Lone Peak Public Safety District with Alpine and Highland (I’ll refer to it as LPPSD or the District), the plan was for each city to have a fully-staffed station in order to quickly respond to fire and medical calls. Unfortunately, the cost to do this has been challenging for all three cities and we have been unable to keep all three stations fully staffed. There have been multiple occasions when the District has had to close either the Cedar Hills or Alpine station because of staffing shortages. The District Board is working with the new fire chief to address this, but may not be able to staff at levels that were originally agreed to.
We also have mutual aid agreements with all surrounding cities and each city responds to help with large fires, as needed. Knowing this, a valid question to ask is whether or not it makes sense to staff all three stations with four firefighters at all times, or if we instead lower the staffing levels for each to handle medical calls and work together to handle fire calls. As we will be receiving bids from other entities as well, we will be looking at response times as it will be important to know how quickly those entities can respond to every area of our city. Fire/EMS services are currently our largest public safety expense at $680,496 and we expect an increase this year.
As the Council discusses these services, I urge residents to share feedback. Public safety is an essential service and we value your opinion. When the bids come in, we will have a better understanding of what our options are and what the impact will be on the budget moving forward.
Based on a comment received, I am providing some financial information showing costs of Fire/EMS as a percentage of General Fund Revenue for Cedar Hills and cities of about the same population and General Fund Revenue.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on February 28, 2018 by Jenney Rees.
This week I want to focus on two additional bills that we’ve been discussing.
Changing the UTA governance structure from the current 16-member board to a 3 full-time member commission with a 9-member advisory board. The 3-member commission members would each serve a three-year term and would receive feedback and direction from the advisory board.
Increasing the registration fees for electric cars from $44 to $194, and for hybrids from $44 to $65. The intent of this increase is to collect revenue from vehicles that use roads but do not contribute as much revenue through gas tax. (There is pushback on the increase by those who feel owners of these vehicles should not be penalized as these vehicles help with air quality issues, but that debate needs its own blog post).
Implementing a road usage charge pilot program, which is a fee based on mileage. UDOT is performing this pilot program with 100 volunteers.
Imposing the fourth quarter-cent sales tax on counties that did not pass this in 2015.
This post will focus on the last bullet point above. State law allows counties to impose an additional sales tax for certain transportation needs. This sales tax is divided into four quarters and must be used as outlined in State code. Below is a table showing how these funds may be used.
Utah County has imposed the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarter-cent sales taxes, but has not imposed the 4th quarter. You may recall that this proposed tax increase, known as Proposition 1, was defeated in seven counties, including Utah County. This proposal was for an increase of 0.25% with 40% going to UTA, 40% going to cities, and 20% going to counties. All funds would be for transportation projects. Many stated that while transportation funding is needed, residents rejected the increase because of the lack of trust many have in UTA.
As part of SB136, the State is now saying that counties will have until 2022 to impose the allowed quarter-cent sales taxes. If counties do not impose them, the State will and 100% of the revenue will go to the State. This bill also allows county commissioners to impose the taxes without going to a vote of the residents, though the commissioners still have the option to put it on a ballot if they so choose. If this bill passes, I would encourage Utah County residents to ask the Utah County Commissioners to impose the 4th quarter-cent. If we are going to be paying it we may as well have some of the revenue coming into our city and county to fund our roads and other transportation projects.
The other bill is HB135, Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Amendments. Currently, State law allows cities to exercise extraterritorial jurisdiction for the purpose of maintaining and protecting watershed resources from injury and pollution. The law says that cities “are authorized and empowered to enact ordinances preventing pollution or contamination of the streams or watercourses from which the inhabitants of cities derive their water supply, in whole or in part, for domestic and culinary purposes.” This is important as cities are obligated to provide safe water to their residents and, as such, should be able to implement policies to protect those water resources. Cedar Hills did implement a Watershed Protection ordinance last month. This bill would remove many of the rights cities have to protect water resources. It instead gives authority to the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) to establish standards and administer controls to maintain water quality in watersheds. However, DEQ has stated they do not want this authority, nor do they have the resources needed to take on this responsibility. I am working with the Utah League of Cities and Towns (ULCT) and other cities to oppose this bill. I would encourage residents to reach out to the bill sponsor (Rep Michael Noel, [email protected]) as well as our local representatives (Rep Mike Kennedy, [email protected] and Senator Dan Hemmert, [email protected]) to express opposition to this bill. I have heard that Rep Noel may be looking at rewording this bill to only include Salt Lake City, however, it still sets a precedent and would make it easier for the Legislature to remove this local authority from any city.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on February 6, 2018 by Jenney Rees.
Utah’s economy is booming, and we can see growth all around us. This means more and better paying jobs, but has also resulted in a housing shortage, especially for those who have lower incomes. The number of available and affordable units for low-income families is decreasing, which puts these families at a greater risk of being homeless. The State Legislature is looking to push through legislation this year that will financially penalize cities that do not have adequate affordable housing.
According to a report published by The Department of Workforce Services, Housing and Community Development Division, the median family income (MFI) for a Utah household is $5634/month or $67,608/year. The report states that to be considered affordable housing, a family/individual should not be paying more than 30% of their income for housing. Based on that info, a family at the median income level should not be paying more than $1690 for rent.
The report goes on to look at data for those making 80%, 50%, and 30% of the MFI and the availability of housing units for those families and individuals. What they have found is the closer a family/individual gets to low-income or extremely low-income, the fewer units that are are available.
Housing developers claim that the lack of affordable housing units is primarily based on city zoning ordinances that limit or prohibit high-density and low-income housing units and high impact fees assessed by cities. Cities have pushed back stating that market conditions and other conditions outside of local government land use authority are contributing to the increase in housing prices. These include items such as increased costs for building materials, labor, and land; market demand (developers are looking to build “luxury apartments”), and realtor fees (real estate commissions = $325 million in Salt Lake County in 2016).
While a bill hasn’t yet been introduced, legislators have stated they will be introducing one that assesses a fee to cities that lack adequate low-income housing units in their city. A preliminary concept is to base the fee on a formula that considers the amount of affordable housing in the city and exempts cities that house a homeless resource center. Speaker Hughes has referred to this as “must pass” legislation.
As the bill has not yet been introduced, we do not yet know what this means for Cedar Hills. Based on housing data available to us, it is clear we do not have any housing units in the city that qualify as low-income housing. One concern that we’ve raised is that for small cities such as ours that are close to being built-out residentially, there simply isn’t room to expand to zone for high-density low-income housing units. We have been following zoning ordinances that have been legal and in place for decades, but now will be penalized for not having room for this type of growth. Additionally, based on land prices in our area and lack of public transportation, it is unlikely that developers would be interested in building low-income housing in our area. And as we’ve seen from the high-density proposals that have been presented to us, high-density does not necessarily mean it qualifies as affordable housing. In fact, an argument made by representatives of a nearby Utah County city is that they have zoned portions of their city for high-density housing but developers are building luxury apartments in those areas. They do not have developers interested in building low-income housing in their city.
What criteria will be looked at when assessing a fine? Population? Land availability?
Who will collect, manage, and expend the revenue generated by the fee?
What homeless resources will qualify for funding generated by the fee? Will entities such as Lantern House in Ogden, a non-profit organization started by local religious organizations, be eligible to receive funds generated from this fee?
Once we have more information we will assess how this will impact our budget. It appears it may have a significant impact on city budgets, especially for cities such as ours that do not have any low-income housing. While there is clearly a need to address the housing issues that exist in Utah, and while I applaud the State Legislature for wanting to address housing shortages for low-income housing families, it is important for legislators to understand the impact these decisions have on municipalities. A better option may be to seek solutions at the county level instead of pitting cities against each other.
There are a few other bills that we are watching including small cell legislation (cell towers) and extraterritorial jurisdiction amendments (watershed protection programs). I will post more next week about the impact of bills such as these and how we are advocating for our city.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on January 25, 2018 by Jenney Rees. | 2019-04-25T22:49:32Z | https://jenneyrees.com/category/uncategorized/page/2/ |
Montenegro will be at the upcoming Eurovision Song Contest in Sweden represented by Podgorica band "Highway", which originally consisted of singer Petar Tošić and guitarists Marko Pešić and Luka Vojvodić. On December 16, 2015, it was announced that the band will also be joined by Bojan Jovović, ex-member of "No Name" and "Neon" as keyboardist and vocalist.
Petar is a first year student of Electro-Technical Faculty in Podgorica. He attended elementary music school Vasa Pavić and played the violin. Luka, son of RTCG Director General Rade Vojvodić, is a first year student of Faculty of Economic. Marko is a second year student of Faculty of Economics. He also graduated from an elementary music school Vasa Pavić playing guitar. Luka and Petar know each other for life, and they met Marko two years ago. The idea to form a band came to them three years ago during summer holidays in Herceg Novi. Boys prefer to listen to pop, rock, blues, jazz music. As their idol they name Ed Sheeran, and as a favorite song, "Do I want to know" of Arctic Monkeys'. Bojan is the most experienced member of the band, having behind 11 years of stage career, who also performed at Eurovision 2005 as part of "No Name".
"In the evening we played together in the mall, and people would come up to us and asked us whether we have the footage on YouTube and whether we have recorded our songs. It was one of the reasons that we begin together to play in the band", explain band members.
The Commission, consisting of members of the RTCG Council, lyricist Dragan Tripković, music editor at Radio Montenegro Nada Vučinić, music editor at RTCG Slaven Knezović and famous jazz musician Milorad Šule Jovović, suggested that "Highway" should represents Montenegro at the biggest international music competition. Executive board of the broadcaster has unanimously supported the Commission's proposal. The choice has been revealed to the public on 2 October 2015.
The band "Highway" became popular after the success in the regional competition "X Factor Adria", in which they took the fourth place."Marko was the most enthusiastic to apply for X-Factor, at first, this idea was not really liked by Luka and Petar, but in the end we all three realized that it was the right choice for us, so that more people hear our music". They were mentored by Tonči Huljić, who was in charge of bands category at the competition, getting in the line-up as Second Chance entry. At the shows they have performed own song "Lud" they wrote in 15 minutes, "Zauvijek moja" of "No Name", "Neko te ima", "I Need a Dollar", "Par godina za nas" / "Ti si sav moj bol". In the final they performed "Do I Wanna Know?" and "Sve je lako kad si mlad" / "Šta sada ljubav ima s tim".
In September "Highway" have formalised cooperation with the publishing house Menart, which is the regional representative of "Sony Music" label. "Highway" with the song "Bar na kratko" (their audition song at X Factor) won third place in the "New Stars" evening of this year's festival "Sunčane Skale". On 23 November they have presented their first music video on the song "Sam".
New joining Bojan Jovović revealed that he will share vocal duties in the Eurovision Song Contest entry, as well as plans to propose two tracks written by him for the inclusion to the debut album of "Highway", planned for the late 2016. "I like that Petar, Luka and Marko are ready to ask, accept advice and criticism. Regardless of the popularity they have gained in a short time, they do not act as the stars who know everything. It's nice to get on, I'm sure we will get some ideas to negotiate easily,", he said. "I think we all need to stand behind Highway because what the band does, is completely different from anything in the Balkans. Today it is not easy," adds Jovović.
Montenegrin entry "The Real Thing" has been presented during the TV special, aired on 4 March live from Hotel Splendid in Bečići. "I think we'll do a very good show and that our song will be liked by the European audience", said Marko Pešić. Bojan Jovovic added that the song is demanding, but that suit their own skills. Luka Vojvodić compared the style of composition to those created by the famous bands Depeche Mode, Muse and Arctic Monkeys. Producer of the song Srđan Sekulović Skansi called the song "unusual and different".
"The song is quite challenging, because it's energetic and loud. We wanted to sound different and to set the audience in fire with our music. We like to work with each other and we are glad that we came up with this song. The Eurovision is an amazing event. We take it quite seriously and we will our best"
The composers of the song are Skansi, the band guitarist Luka Vojvodic and Maro Market, the lyrics are written by Skansi, who is also responsible for the arrangement and production along with D'Knock, who was also credited with the mix and postproduction.
Skansi is a renowned Croatian producer who has previously worked with numerous national top performers. He has collaborated with artists like Dino Dvornik, Massimo, Toni Cetinski, Josipa Lisac, Psihomodo Pop and other popular musicians in the Balkans.
D'Knock is also an eminent producer who, independently and as a member of the production duo PlayOne, has achieved numerous worldwide successes, such as cooperation with the legendary British band Simply Red, remixing a single for their latest album, "Queen Of House Music" Barbara Tucker, legendary British producer and Grammy Award winner Andy Wright, popular Macedonian singer Kaliopi and many Croatian performers such as: Nina Badric, The Divas, Toni Cetinski and many others.
"The Eurovision Song Contest is important for us, because we got an opportunity to represent our country, and we'll give our best.We believe we have something new to offer. The song is quite different, so you can never get tired of listening to it. The show we are preparing will have a lot of surprises and we can promise that people won't forget it"
Montenegrin representatives at this year's Eurovision Song Contest, members of the band "Highway" came back from London, where they participated in a promotional concert of Europe's largest music festival.
"It was great. The first impression is that the audience is a little different from those in Amsterdam, where we played two weekends ago. It was much better reacting to the song, perhaps because the British people love this kind of music. We gave far more interviews for various portals and radio shows. We were satisfied,", says Marko Pesic.
As was announced before, their performance in London was attended by the representative of the publishing house of famous producer Simon Cowell, the creator of X Factor. "She was a manager who works for him. Her job is to monitor all the X Factor finalists from Europe. She said she was delighted with our performance and she was amazed that we have not yet signed a contract with a record company. Problem however is that publishing house "Sony", which was interested in us even when we were part of the aforementioned competition, has no office in Montenegro, so we have to work with their representatives somewhere in the region," explained Pesic.
The guys from the band "Highway", which will represent Montenegro at the Eurovision Song Contest in Sweden, this morning were guests of the live broadcast of morning show of Croatian Television HRT "Dobro jutro Hrvatska". "This visit is a part of our activities related to the promotion of the song. We thank our colleagues from HRT who have allowed us to be live on a connection from Dubrovnik, in order to reduce costs, and we got a great promotion of our entry in the most watched morning program of Croatia", says Sabrija Vulic. Promotional activities of "Highway" end with the participation in a concert in London this weekend.
Also this week "The Real Thing" has finally reached the top spot at the MTV Adria chart Domaćica. "We were delighted when we heard the news. They informed us while we were at sound check in Amsterdam and we were just glad that people like and still vote for our song. This is probably a sign that during the Eurovision the region will also support us, ", said Marko Pesic.
Earlier this week, in the premises of Radio Montenegro, was organized a radio conference, titled "Good luck in Stockholm", dedicated to this year's song contest and Montenegrin representatives of the group "Highway". Studio 98 hosted members of the band, media representatives, large number of fans. The event was also attended by Director General of RTCG Rade Vojvodic. With a group of "Highway", at the conference, was the head of the delegation RTCG, Ivan Maksimovic.
Representative of San Marino in this year's Eurovision Song Contest in Stockholm, Serhat Hadžipašalioglu, has visited Montenegro, where he took part in the joint press-conference with the representatives of this country band Highway.
Serhat told press that he has double responsibility representing the two countries on a biggest stage of Europe. "It is for me a great appreciation, but also an obligation, because Turkey is not taking part in the Eurovision Song Contest. It means that as a Turkish singer have a double responsibility, because I will represent San Marino, but Turkey too will be with me on stage," said Hadžipašalioglu. He also revealed that he has received the full support of his fellow citizens, which is, as he points out, a great privilege. "After I was chosen as the representative for San Marino, we had press-conference in both San Marino and Turkey. I'm happy that people of my country reacted very well and supported my decision to represent San Marino. It is a privilege that I have support of my country people", said Hadžipašalioglu.
He praised the song "The Real Thing" of the Montenegrin representatives, the group "Highway", calling it 'special' and wished them good luck in the competition. "In my career I always paid attention and supported different things. I do not like the 'copy-paste' music. I like the 'Highway' genuine style and that they are offering a different track to Europe. As you know, often at the Eurovision Song Contest there are generally similar songs. This is a great opportunity that bring something new to the contest. Therefore, I have a lot of respect for your decision to select this song, and I'm very glad you stayed true to your style. I hope we can all have a good time in Stockholm", he concluded.
These days representatives of Montenegro Highway band are recording their Eurovision postcard together with the team of Swedish Television. Part of postcard was recorded in Podgorica on the Budućnost basketball court in the Njegošev park, in Music school "Vasa Pavic", while a portion will be recorded on a section of the old road between Kotor and Njeguši.
As promised earlier, Highway band has released Club Remix of their entry - listen to it here.
Last Sunday Highway members have visited Belgrade, where they were making the concept of their performance in the arena of "Globen". "We had to make a sketch of the show, so we send it to the Eurovision producers so they will know what and whom at what point should be filmed. Our performance is directed by Igor Bosorović, and produced by Mirko Vukomanović, with whom we practicing it in Belgrade", says Marko Pešić to Vjesti. In addition to the four Highway members, the band will be joined on the stage by two back up singers. "They are our friends from X Factor - Nikola Marjanović and Marija Lazić. Nikola is a great singer, was the lead singer of the band Sane, now works with Songkillers, while Marija is known as a member of Anđelina", revealed Pešić.
"When I heard the song "The Real Thing" I was surprised, but after a few listens I liked it a lot. Unusual, and not peculiar to this contest", says Nikola Marjanović. "But I will not be making any forecasts, as usually when I try to guess something it goes the other way around"
While visiting the Serbian capital, the band also used time to promote the song, having numerous guest appearances on radio and TV stations. "The response to our song was positive. The best comment we received at the Belgrade radio, where they told us that we are totally different from all the others. I am particularly pleased by the fact that the comments on the Youtube channel are much more positive, almost no negative ones. We visited also MTV, so I hope that we will have the support of them. We are aware that the public in Serbia will not be able to vote for us in the semi-finals, but it would be stupid not to take advantage to promote the song, while we're there, "said Pešić.
Highway will also be promoting their entry in Bosnia and Croatia and then will travel to Eurovision parties in Amsterdam and London. "The popularity that we have gained in the X factor is enough for us and so far has helped, but what makes us happy is that it is thanks to our participation in that program, its creator Simon Cowell promised that people from his production company will come to our show in London as support. They are trying to follow all the participants X factor, and in London we will have their support," said Pešić.
Montenegrin representatives will in the coming days record their Eurovision postcard. "The Swedish team arrives in Montenegro on 19th and 20 March will be entirely devoted to the shootings. They asked to submit to them some interesting spots, and we will try to fit it all into the concept they have," said Pešić.
Although the last few days have been quite busy, Marko and other members of the Highway have managed to listen to some of the songs with which they will be "measuring their swords" in Stockholm. "We first event focused on what comes from the ex-YU region and I am proud to say that all former Yugoslav republics have great songs. Nina Kraljić has a very unusual track and unusual vocal, also a representative of Serbia Sanja Vučić has a good track and is quite reminiscent of Amy Winehouse. There are also representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina that currently can be considered among the favorites, and Kaliopi was masterful. Only one whose song I have not managed to listen to yet is the representative of Slovenia, but I'll certainly listen to it these days," promises Marko.
Band will also be releasing club remix for their entry The Real Thing. The head of Montenegrin delegation Sabrija Vulić says that despite the different opinions of the audience, they are proud of the song. "In any case we can be proud of what made us to introduce young Podgorica group at the Eurovision Song Contest in Stockholm. The old rule is that the taste is not worth discussing, especially in the case of the song The real thing. It brings new sound and new energy, unusual for this area, which is used to light notes and songs about sad love. this is a serious sound and we are not surprised that the song is not liked by everyone. In any case, it leaves no one indifferent, what is most important" commented Vulić.
"There was a very long waiting period, the whole project has been going on for four months. We have invested a lot of energy, effort and work. This evening is a crown of our work. As you have the opportunity to hear, the song is different from what can be heard, not only at the Eurovision Song Contest, but anywhere in the world. The song is an energetic and that is why we will do our best to create a spectacular stage performance in Stockholm, " said Marko Pešić after presentation of "The Real Thing.
Asked by Vijesti.me what he expected from the Eurovision Song Contest, Pešić was modest. "We expect the first place," he said with a laugh. He says the band has achieved the goal of being different from the rest. "We wanted to introduce something new and thus to become a highlight. I think that with this song we can do it and this is the real deal". Pešić believes that the festival should be diversified. "If it was only for pop music, they would have probably called it "Contest for the best pop ballad". Eurovision is well-known for it's variety of genres. It is true though that pop music is prevailing there, so the viewers who tune in only with the interest to listen to the songs in this genre may be shocked when they hear our song. We are waiting for the May 10, the first semifinals, our first goal is to get into the finals, that was a mini-tradition of Montenegro in the past two years. Then in the final we will give our best, and see what happens, " he said.
"We have really provoked strong reactions and comments go from one extreme to another. There are those who feel that the song is phenomenal, even we had some British producers to comment that we have invented a new genre. Of course, there were some negative comments as well, and people who did not like our song, but many after listening several times understand what it is", explains Marko Pešić. Band will continue their preparations in Belgrade, where they will practice the choreography and singing, in March, besides Serbia, they plan to visit with promotion Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia as well, and in April band will attend events in Amsterdam and London.
Television of Montenegro is preparing the presentation show for the entry of Highway band "The Real Thing", that will be aired live from Hotel Splendid in Bečići on Friday at 20.00 local time. Special guests of the show will be last year representative Knez, entrants of Bosnia Dalal and Deen, and still to be confirmed appearance of representative of Albania Eneda Tarifa. Program will also feature presentation of music video for the entry as well as "making of" footage.
Presentation of the entry of Highway band and music video on it is scheduled for 4 March. Music video was directed by Julian Wood and filmed in the studio Depo of Belgrade, and, according to the band members, will share the same art concept with what will be seen on the Eurovision stage. "We want to demonstrate the whole energy of the band and the effects that are generated by the specific form of the song", says Marko Pešić. It was earlier announced that the music video will be filmed in Kotor, but due to bad weather in the region the band was forced to change the location and the concept of the video.
Music video for the Highway entry will be filmed in mid-February at the locations in Kotor and will be directed by Bane Milatović. Presentation of the entry will be held shortly afterwards in early March. Head of Montenegrin delegation Sabrija Vulic has also confirmed participation of Highway in the promotional concerts in Amsterdam and London. "These are very important events. If you have in mind that, for example, last year in the finals were all participants of Amsterdam, you understand how important it is to appear there", said Vulić to MNE Magazine.
Check the first TV appearance of Highway band with Bojan Jovović. They become guests of Kod Mila program on RTV Atlas Montenegro, where besides giving long interview also performed songs Bar na kratko and I Need A Dollar.
Meanwhile, music video for the song "Sam" has topped this week Domaćica – Top liste chart on MTV Adria. "We are glad that people from all over the former Yugoslavia recognized the quality. Therefore our aim is to keep audiences pleased with our songs", promises Marko Pešić.
Highway will complete the successful year with a performance at the Podgorica Republic Square on December 31. "We have prepared a different repertoire than what usually bands play. The audience will have the opportunity to hear both our own songs, and rock hits. We can promise the energetic and engaging performance", said Pešić.
He hopes that the new year will be as successful for the band. Work on the Eurovision entry will continue after the New Year holidays. "The song is in rock style and everyone who had the opportunity to listen to the demo, believs it can win the audience at the very first listen. At the Eurovision we will sing in English, and the song will be performed by the four vocalists". The work should be completed by the end of February and song presentation will be held in a special TV show in late February or early March.
Band Highway, which will represent Montenegro at the forthcoming Eurovision Song Contest, is no longer a trio. Petar Tošić, Luka Vojvodić and Marko Pešić were joined by Bojan Jovović. A former member of the "No Name" and "Neon", decided that after these two band and solo career, his musical pat leads to "Highway" whose popularity is growing not only in Montenegro, but in the region, as evidenced by this week's fourth place in Domaćica – Top liste on MTV Adria.
"I heard that these guys want to do serious things. I like the music they do because it's different, and as they needed a keyboardist and vocalist because they planned to expand the band for concerts and participation in Eurovision expand the band, I decided to join them," said Jovović, who began his career as a singer and keyboardist in most popular Montenegrin boy band - "No Name", which represented Serbia and Montenegro in Eurovision Song Contest 2005. After "No Name" as solo artist he had released several hit singles, but always considering group work special, he joined "Neon", and then "Highway". "I have always been attracted to the Bands story, but it is certainly more difficult also because there should be five or six people to agree on every detail. In the world bands are much more popular than the solo performers," says Jovović.
During a solo career Bojan has also developed as songwriter, who has later also worked on tracks for other artists. He plans to show his creativity also as a member of the "Highway". "I already have two tracks in mind. After we finish the song for the Eurovision Song Contest, will continue recording the album which will be published by the end of 2016. I am very pleased with the plan, and that "Highway" want to work seriously," admits Jovović.
Bojan denies that his joining is a special for the Eurovision Song Contest. "I feel as an equal member of the Highway. Currently we're busy making joint plans, and there is a lot to do," Jovović reveals. "I like that Petar, Luka and Marko are ready to ask, accept advice and criticism. Regardless of the popularity they have gained in a short time, they do not act as the stars who know everything. But I am 10 years older than them, and I have experience of 11 years on the stage, so that can only help them. It's nice to get on, I'm sure we will get some ideas to negotiate easily," says Jovović, who will show his singing skills already at Eurovision. "It will be a surprise, but you will find out more about it at the beginning of the year. Would be unfair if I reveal anything before everyone else. We recently stayed in Zagreb, we did some recordings, and our voices are perfect match," says Jovović to Montenegrin newspaper Vijesti.
"I prefer to do one thing at a time, so that now there is only Highway and I'm not thinking about a solo career. It would be counterproductive to work with the band and be building a solo career at the same time. With Neon I performed recently because it was one of their comeback concerts, and I'm still friend with the other members of the band," he explained. Bojan adds that he has never been sorry for leaving "No Name" which had ceased to exist after his departure. "Marko Perić and I, together with songwriter Minja Perić, were the founders of the "No Name". Minjo was the one who believed in the band the most and was giving us a push. After the departure of Marko somehow we have lost the direction, so I decided that I leave "No Name", because it seemed that the rest of the band are also more thinking about solo careers, but not about the band. I do not regret that decision, and I stayed with everyone in the excellent relations. When it comes to that, it is much better to stop than to keep struggling and to start building a solo career, so not be sitting on two chairs," says Jovović.
Bojan has already gained a big support and achieved big success with his first band, and now he believes that "Highway" deserves the same treatment. "I think we all need to stand behind Highway because what the band does, is completely different from anything in the Balkans. Today it is not easy," says Jovović.
Черногорию на конкурсе Евровидение 2016 в Швеции представит группа "Highway" из Подгорицы, в которую входят солист Петар Тошич и гитаристы Марко Пешич и Лука Войводич. 16 декабря 2015 стало известно, что к коллективу в качестве клавишника и вокалиста присоединится и бывший участник групп "No Name" и "Neon" Боян Йовович.
Петар учится на первом курсе электро-технического факультета университета Подгорицы. Ранее, он занимался в начальной музыкальной школе им. Васы Павича, где играл на скрипке. Лука, сын генерального директора телекомпании РТЦГ Раде Войводича, учится на первом курсе факультета экономики. Марко занимается на втором курсе этого же факультета, и также закончил музыкальную школу им. Васы Павича, где играл на гитаре. Лука и Петар знакомы с детства, а с Марко они познакомились два года назад. Идея создать музыкальную группу пришла к ним три года назад во время летних каникул в Херцег Нови. Парни предпочитают слушать поп, рок, блюз и джазовую музыку. В качестве своего музыкального кумира они называют Эда Ширана, а в качестве любимой песни - "Do I want to know" из репертуара Arctic Monkeys. Боян - самый опытный участник коллектива, обладающий 11-летним опытом сценических выступлений, и выступавший на Евровидении 2005 в составе группы "No Name".
"Однажды вечером мы играли в суперамаркете, и к нам подходили люди, спрашивая, можно ли посмотреть наши видео на Youtube и есть ли у нас записанные песни. Это стало одной из причин, почему мы решили начать играть вместе в группе", объясняют музыканты.
Комиссия, в которую вошли представители исполнительного совета телеканала РТЦГ, автор песен Драган Трипкович, музыкальный редактор Радио Черногории Нада Вучинич, музыкальный редактор РТЦГ Славен Кнезович и прославленный джазовый музыкант Милорад Шуле Йовович, предложили отправить на крупнейший музыкальный конкурс Европы группу "Highway". Исполнительный совет вещателя единогласно поддержал предложение комиссии. Выбор был объявлен публике 2го октября 2015 года.
Группа "Highway" приобрела популярность после успеха на региональном конкурсе талантов "X Factor Adria", в котором она заняла четвертое место. "Марко больше всех из нас хотел принять участие в X-Factor, сначала Петар и Лука не поддерживали его идеи, но в конце концов мы все поняли, что это было правильным выбором, и возможностью донести нашу музыку до большого количества людей". Ментором коллектива в конкурсе стал Тончи Хульич, который отвечал за секцию музыкальных групп, а попали в телевизионные шоу они в составе артистов, которым был дан Второй шанс. На шоу группа исполнила собственную песню "Lud", которую они написали за 15 минут, "Zauvijek moja" группы "No Name", "Neko te ima", "I Need a Dollar", "Par godina za nas" / "Ti si sav moj bol". В финале Highway исполнили "Do I Wanna Know?" и "Sve je lako kad si mlad" / "Šta sada ljubav ima s tim".
В сентябре "Highway" заключили контракт с издательским домом Menart, региональным представителем лейбла "Sony Music". C песней "Bar na kratko" (которую они исполняли и на прослушивании в X Factor), группа завоевала третье место в вечере "Новых звезд" на фестивале Sunčane Skale этого года. 23го ноября группа представила свой первый видеоклип на песню "Sam".
Присоединившись к составу группы Боян Йовович рассказал о том, что его вокал также можно будет услышать на Евровидении, и он планирует предложить пару песен своего авторства для включения в дебютный альбом коллектива, выпуск которого запланирован на конец 2016 года. "Мне нравится то, что Петар, Лука и Марко готовы спрашивать, принимать советы и критику. Несмотря на популярность, которой они добились за короткое время, они не ведут себя как всезнающие звезды. Я хорошо нахожу с ними нахожу общий язык, и я думаю, что мы вместе легко сможем обговорить некоторые идеи," говорит Йовович. "Я думаю, что все должны поддержать группу "Highway", потому что то, что она делает, полностью отличается от всего, что существует в балканской музыке. Сегодня это не так легко," добавляет он.
Черногорская песня "The Real Thing" была представлена во время специального телешоу, вышедшего в прямой эфир 4го марта из отеля Splendid в Бечичах. "Я думаю, что мы покажем хорошее шоу, и что наша песня понравится Европейским зрителям", говорит Марко Пешич. Боян Йовович добавляет, что она требует хороших умений, но это соответствует тому, на что способны члены группы. Лука Войводич сравнил стиль композиции с творениями известных групп Depeche Mode, Muse и Arctic Monkeys. Продюсер песни Срджан Секулович Сканси назвал ее "необычной и отличающейся от других".
"Песня довольно сложная для исполнения, потому что она энергичная и громкая. Мы хотели прежде всего выделиться по звучанию и зажечь зрительскую аудиторию своей музыкой. Нам нравится работать друг с другом и мы очень рады тому, что смогли создать данную песню. Евровидение - это потрясающее мероприятие. Мы воспринимаем его весьма серьезно и постараемся показать себя с наилучшей стороны"
Композиторы песни - Сканси, гитарист группы Лука Войводич и Маро Маркет, текст песни написан Сканси, который также подготовил аранжировку и продакшен композиции вместе с D'Knock, отвечавшим еще и за микширование и постпродакшн.
Сканси - известный хорватский продюсер, который имеет опыт работы с лучшими исполнителями своей страны. Он сотрудничал с такими артистами, как Дино Дворник, Массимо, Тони Четински, Йосипа Лисац, Psihomodo Pop и другими известными музыкантами Балкан.
D'Knock - также известный продюсер, который самостоятельно и в составе продюсерского дуэта PlayOne, достиг ряда международных успехов, в том числе сотрудничества с легендарной британской группой Simply Red, ремикшируя сингл для их последнего альбома, "Queen Of House Music" Барбары Такер, легендарным британским продюсером и обладателем премии Grammy Энди Райтом, популярной македонской певицей Калиопи и многими хорватскими исполнителями, такими как Нина Бадрич, The Divas, Тони Четински и многими другими.
"Конкурс Евровидение очень важен для нас, поскольку мы получили возможность представить свою страну, и мы покажем все, на что мы способны. Мы полагаем, что у нас есть нечто новое, чтобы предложить зрителям. Песня отличается от других, она такова, что никогда не устаешь ее слушать. Шоу, которое мы готовим, будет нести в себе множество сюрпризов, и мы обещаем, что вы его никогда не забудете"
Представители Черногории на конкурсе Евровидение этого года, участники группы Highway, вернулись из Лондона, где приняли участие в промо-концерте London Eurovision.
"Было здорово. Первое впечатление, что аудитория там немного отличается от амстердамской, где мы выступали две недели назад. Она намного лучше приняла нашу песню, возможно, потому что британцам нравится подобная музыка. Мы дали намного больше интервью различным порталам и радио-программам. В общем, мы довольны,", говорит Марко Пешич.
Как сообщалось ранее, выступление группы в Лондоне посетила представительница издательского дома знаменитого продюсера Саймона Коуэлла, основателя X Factor. "Это - менеджер, работающая с ним. В ее задачу входит мониторинг всех финалистов X Factor со всей Европы. Она сказала, что была восхищена нашим выступлением и была очень удивлена, что у нас до сих пор не подписан контракт с издателем. Проблема заключается в том, что у лейбла Sony, который весьма интересовался нами еще когда мы принимали участие в вышеупомянутом конкурсе, не имеет представительского офиса в Черногории, потому нам приходится работать с их представителями в других странах региона", объясняет Пешич.
Участники группы "Highway", которые представят Черногорию на конкурсе Евровидения в Швеции, этим утром стали гостями прямого эфира утреннего шоу хорватского телевидения HRT "Dobro jutro Hrvatska". "Этот визит стал частью промо-мероприятий в поддержку песни. Мы благодарим наших коллег из HRT, которые позволили нам выйти в прямой эфир из Дубровника, что позволило нам сократить затраты, и в то же время сделать крупное промо нашей песни в самой популярной утренней програме Хорватии", говорит Сабрия Вулич. Промо-мероприятия с участием "Highway" завершатся на этой неделе их участием в концерте в Лондоне.
Также на этой неделе "The Real Thing" наконец достигла высшей строчки чарта MTV Adria Domaćica. "Мы были невероятно обрадованы этой новости. Мы узнали о ней во время саундчека в Амстердаме. Мы просто рады тому, что зрители все еще продолжают голосовать за нашу песню, значит она им очень нравится. Надеемся, что это знак того, что страны региона поддержат нас и в голосовании на самом Евровидении", говорит Марко Пешич.
Ранее на этой неделе в помещении Черногорского радио прошла радиоконференция "Удачи в Стокгольме", посвящанная конкурсу этого года и представителям Черногории Highway. В Студии 98 вместились участники коллектива, представители СМИ и большое количество поклонников группы. На мероприятии также выступил генеральный директор телеканала РТЦГ Раде Войводич. С группой Highway на конференции присутствовал и новый глава делегации канала РТЦГ Иван Максимович.
Представитель Сан-Марино на конкурсе Евровидение этого года, Серхат Хаджипашалиоглу посетил Черногорию, где принял участие в совместной пресс-конференции с представителями этой страны группой Highway.
Серхат рассказал прессе, что у него двойная ответственность, поскольку он представляет две страны на самой большой сцене Европы. "Для меня - это большая честь, но в то же время и обязательство, поскольку Турция не принимает участия в конкурсе этого года. Это значит, что как гражданин Турции, я несу двойную ответственность, я буду представлять Сан-Марино, но и Турция также будет со мной на сцене, рассказал Хаджипашалиоглу. Он также поведал о том, что получил полную поддержку со стороны своих соотечественников, что, по его словам, является большой привилегией. "После того, как я был выбран представителем Сан-Марино, мы провели пресс-конференцию как в Сан-Марино, так и в Турции. Я счастлив тому, что жители моей страны отлично отреагировали на эту новость и поддержали мое решение выступить за Сан-Марино. Иметь поддержку своего народа - большая привилегия", говорит Серхат.
Он также похвалил песню "The Real Thing" представителей Черногории группы "Highway", назвав ее "особой" и пожелав им успеха. "В своей карьере я всегда обращал внимание и поддерживал различные вещи. Я не люблю музыку, созданную методом "copy+paste". Мне нравится своеобразный стиль Highway и то, что они предлагают для Европы особенный трек. Как вы знаете, часто на конкурсе Евровидение исполняются похожие песни. Это - прекрасная возможность привнести в него что-то новое. Потому, я уважаю ваше решение выбрать эту песню, и я рад, что вы остались преданы своему стилю. Я надеюсь, что все мы хорошо проведем время в Стокгольме", завершил он.
В эти дни представители Черногории группа Highway вместе с командой шведского телевидения снимают свою визитку для Евровидения. Съемки проходят в Подгорице, на баскетбольной площадке Budućnost в парке Njegošev, в музыкальной школе "Vasa Pavic", а еще часть будет снята на старой дороге между Котором и Негуши.
В прошлое воскресенье группа Highway посетила Белград, где работала над концепцией сценического представления своей песни в Глобен-Арене. "Мы должны были сделать скетч нашего номера, и отослать его продюсерам Евровидения, чтобы они знали, что, кого и с какой точки снимать в какой момент времени. Режиссером нашего выступления является Игорь Босорович, а продюсером - Мирко Вукоманович, с которыми мы и репетировали его в Белграде", говорит Марко Пешич газете Вести. Помимо четырех членов группы Highway, на сцене будут и два бэк-вокалиста. "Это - наши друзья с X Factor - Никола Марьянович и Мария Лазич. Никола - замечательный исполнитель, он был солистом группы Sane, сейчас работает с Songkillers, а Мария известна как член группы Anđelina", рассказывает Пешич.
"Когда я услышал песню "The Real Thing", то я был удивлен, но после нескольких прослушиваний она мне очень понравилась. Необычная и не свойственная для этого конкурса", говорит Никола Марьянович. "Но я не буду делать каких-либо прогнозов, потому что всегда, когда я пытаюсь что-то угадать, все получается наоборот"
Во время посещения столицы Сербии группа также использовала возможность для продвижения своей песни, посетив ряд теле и радиостанций. "Реакция на нашу песню была весьма положительным. Лучший комментарий мы получили на Белградском радио, где нам сказали, что мы совершенно отличаемся от всех других. Я особенно доволен тем, что комментарии на Youtube к песне в большей степени положительны, практически нет негативных. Мы также побывали на MTV и надеемся на получение поддержки от них. Мы понимаем, что жители Сербии не смогут проголосовать за нас в полуфинале, но было бы глупо не использовать возможность раскрутки своей песни, пока мы находимся здесь", говорит Пешич.
Highway также будут раскручивать свою песню в Боснии и Хорватии, а затем отправятся на вечеринки Евровидения в Амстердаме и Лондоне. "Популярность, которую мы заработали благодаря участию в X Factor достаточна для нас и очень помогает нам, но что делает нас еще более счастливыми, это то, что благодаря нашему участию в этой программе, ее создатель Саймон Кауэлл пообещал, что представители его продакшн-компании побывают на нашем выступлении в Лондоне. Они стараются отслеживать прогресс всех выходцев из X Factor, и в Лондоне мы можем рассчитывать на их поддержку," говорит Пешич.
В ближайшие дни пройдет съемка посткарда для Евровидения. "Шведская команда прибудет в Черногорию 19го марта, и 20го будет полностью посвящено съемкам. Они попросили нас сообщить им интересные места, и мы попытаемся вписать это в концепцию, что есть у них," объясняет Пешич.
Несмотря на то, что последние дни были достаточно занятыми, Марко и другие члены группы Highway послушали некоторые из песен, с которыми им предстоит "скрестить свои мечи" в Стокгольме. "Сначала мы уделили внимание тем песням, что выставлены на конкурс странами бывшей Югославии, и я с гордостью считаю, что у всех бывших Югославских стран прекрасные песни. У Нины Кральич очень необычный трек и необычный вокал, у представительницы Сербии Саньи Вучич также отличная песня, и она напоминает стилистику Эми Уайнхаус. Представители Боснии и Герцеговины уже входят в число фаворитов, и Калиопи, как всегда - мастер своего дела. Единственная песня, которую я пока не послушал - это представителя Словении, но обещаю сделать это в ближайшие дни," обещает Марко.
Группа также выпустит клубный ремикс на свою композицию The Real Thing. Глава делегации Черногории Сабрия Вулич говорит, что несмотря на смешанное мнение слушателей, они гордятся песней. "В любом случае мы можем гордиться тем, что заставило нас выставить молодую группу из Подгорицы на конкурс Евровидение в Стокгольме. Старое выражение говорит "на вкус и цвет товарищей нет", что особенно применимо к песне The Real Thing. Она приносит с собой новое звучание и новую энергетику, необычную для нашего региона, привыкшего к легкой музыке и печальным песням о любви. Здесь мы слышим серьезное звучание, и потому мы не удивлены, что песня не пришлась по вкусу абсолютно всем. Важно другое - она не оставляет никого безразличным", комментирут Вулич.
"Был очень большой период ожидания, проект длился уже четыре месяца. Мы вложили массу энергии, усилий и работы. И этот вечер - венец нашей работы. Как у вас была возможность услышать, наша песня отличается от всего, что можно услышать, не только на конкурсе Евровидение, но и вообще в мире. Наша песня очень энергичная, и потому мы постараемся создать эффектное сценическое выступление в Стокгольме, " сказал член Highway Марко Пешич после презентации "The Real Thing".
На вопрос Vijesti.me о том, что он ожидает от конкурса Евровидение, Пешич проявил скромность: "Мы ожидаем первое место,", ответил он, усмехнувшись. Марко говорит, что группе уже удалось достичь своей цели отличиться от других. "Мы хотели представить что-то новое, и тем самым запомниться. Я думаю, что с песней "The Real Thing" нам удалось добиться этого". Пешич считает, что Евровидение должно оставаться разнообразным. "Если бы это был только фестиваль поп-музыки, то его бы, наверное, назвали "Конкурс на лучшую поп-балладу". Евровидение известно своим разнообразием жанров. Действительно, превалирует там все-таки поп-музыка, потому некоторые слушатели, которые нацелены видеть там только песни в этом жанре, могут быть шокированы, услышав нашу песню. Сейчас мы ждем первого полуфинала, 10 марта, и наша первая цель - попасть в финал, продолжив мини-традицию, установившуюся в Черногории в последние два года. В финале мы постараемся показать все, на что мы способны, и уже что будет - то будет", говорит он.
"Мы уже вызвали сильную реакцию и комментарии от одной крайности до другой. Есть и те, кто считает нашу песню феноменальной, некоторые британские продюсеры даже написали нам, что мы изобрели новый жанр. Конечно, были и негативные комментарии, и те люди, которым песня не понравилась, но после нескольких прослушиваний все-равно большинство понимают ее суть", объясняет Марко Пешич. Группа продолжит свою подготовку в Белграде, где будет оттачивать хореографию и вокальное мастерство, в марте, помимо Сербии, с промо-туром посетит еще Боснию и Герцеговину и Хорватию, а в апреле побывает на вечеринках Евровидения в Амстердаме и Лондоне.
Телевидение Черногории завершает подготовку шоу-презентации песни группы Highway "The Real Thing", которое выйдет в эфир из отеля Splendid в Бечичи в эту пятницу в 20:00 местного времени. Специальными гостями шоу станут прошлогодний представитель Черногории Кнез, представители Боснии этого года Далал и Дин, а также все еще ждет подтверждения участие представительницы Албании Энеды Тарифы. В программе также будет представлен видеоклип на конкурсную песню, а также рассказ "making of" о его съемках.
Презентация песни черногорской группы Highway и видеоклипа на нее пройдет 4го марта. Видеоклип был снят режиссером Джулианом Вудом в студии Депо в Белграде, и, по словам участников группы, будет отражать ту же концепцию, что можно будет увидеть позднее и на сцене Евровидения. "Мы хотели показать всю энергию, присущую группе, а также подчеркнуть те эффекты, которые происходят от особой формы композиции", рассказывает Марко Пешич. Ранее сообщалось о том, что съемки видеоклипа пройдут в Которе, но из-за плохой погоды в регионе, группа была вынуждена изменить месторасположение съемок и концепцию клипа.
Видеоклип на песню группы Highway будет снят в середине февраля в различных точках Котора, его режиссером станет Бане Милатович. Презентация песни пройдет вскоре после этого в начале марта. Глава делегации Черногории Сабрия Вулич также подтвердил участие группы Highway в промо-концертах в Амстердаме и Лондоне. "Это - очень важные мероприятия. Если вы вспомните, что в прошлом году в финале были все участники концерта в Амстердаме, то вы поймете - насколько важно выступить на нем", заявил Вулич MNE Magazine.
Предлагаем вашему вниманию видеозапись первого ТВ выступления группы Highway в качестве квартета с участием Бояна Йововича. Коллектив стал гостями программы Kod Mila на RTV Atlas, где, помимо длинного интервью, также исполнил две песни - Bar na kratko и I Need A Dollar.
Тем временем, на этой неделе видеоклип на песню "Sam" возглавил хитпарад Domaćica – Top liste на MTV Adria. "Мы рады тому, что люди со всей бывшей Югославии признали качество нашей песни и клипа. Наша цель продолжить дарить удовольствие слушателям нашими песнями", обещает Марко Пешич.
Highway завершат успешный год выступлением на площади Республики в Подгорице 31го декабря. "Мы подготовили репертуар, отличающийся от других групп. Зрители получат возможность услышать как наши собственные песни, так и мировые рок-хиты. Мы можем пообещать вам очень энергичное и захватывающее выступление", говорит Пешич.
Он надеется, что новый год станет таким же успешным для группы. Работа над песней для Евровидения продолжится после новогодних праздников. "Песня в рок-стиле, и все, у кого была возможность услышать ее демо-версию, соглашаются с тем, что она может захватить зрителей с самого первого прослушивания. На Евровидении мы будем петь на английском языке, и песню будут исполнять четыре вокалиста". Работа над песней должна завершиться к концу февраля, и ее презентация пройдет в специальном телешоу в конце февраля - начале марта.
Группа Highway, которая представит Черногорию на предстоящем конкурсе Евровидение, больше не трио. К Петару Тошичу, Луке Войводичу и Марко Пешичу присоединился Боян Йовович. Бывший участник групп "No Name" и "Neon" решил, что после двух групп и сольной карьеры, его музыкальная дорога ведет в "Highway", чья популярность продолжает расти не только в Черногории, но и во всем регионе, что очевидно из достигнутого на этой неделе четвертого места в хит параде Domaćica на MTV Adria.
"Я слышал, что эти парни настроены очень серьезно. Мне нравится та музыка, которой они занимаются, поскольку она выделяется, и так как им требовались клавишник и вокалист для расширения группы, концертов и участия в Евровидении, я принял решение присоединиться к ним," говорит Йовович, который начал свою карьеру в качестве солиста и клавишника в самой популярной черногорской группе "No Name", представлявшей Сербию и Черногорию на Евровидении 2005. После "No Name", как сольный артист, он выпустил несколько хит-синглов, но всегда продолжал считать работу в группах особенной, потому присоединился сначала к "Neon", а затем к "Highway". "Меня всегда привлекали истории музыкальных групп, хотя, конечно, это намного сложнее, ведь пять-шесть человек должны постоянно соглашаться на каждый шаг. Но в мире группы всегда значительно популярнее сольных исполнителей," говорит Йовович.
За время своей сольной карьеры Боян также развил в себе таланты автора песен, и позднее работал над композициями и для других артистов. Он планирует показать эту сторону своего творчества и в составе "Highway". "Я уже держу в уме две песни. После того, как мы закончим работу над песней для Евровидения, мы продолжим запись альбома, который планируется к выходу в конце 2016 года. Я очень доволен этим планом, и тем, что "Highway" серьезно относятся к работе," признается Йовович.
Боян отрицает, что его присоединение к группе - это разовый шаг для Евровидения. "Я ощущаю себя полноценным членом коллектива. Сейчас мы все вместе работаем над будущими планами, нам многое предстоит сделать," рассказывает Йовович. "Мне нравится то, что Петар, Лука и Марко готовы спрашивать, принимать советы и критику. Несмотря на популярность, которой они добились за короткое время, они не ведут себя как всезнающие звезды. Я на 10 лет старше их, имею 11-летний опыт выступлений на сцене, так что мой опыт может только помочь. Я хорошо нахожу с ними нахожу общий язык, и я думаю, что мы вместе легко сможем обговорить некоторые идеи," говорит Йовович, который продемонстрирует свои вокальные данные уже на Евровидении. "Пока это сюрприз, но вы узнаете все подробности в начале года. Было бы несправедливо мне рассказывать об этом раньше, чем всем остальным. Недавно мы побывали в Загребе, где сделали несколько записей, и наши голоса прекрасно подошли друг к другу," рассказал Йовович в интервью черногорской газете "Вести".
"Я предпочитаю заниматься только одной вещью в одно время, потому, раз я работаю в "Highway", то я не думаю о своей сольной карьере. Было бы контр-продуктивным работать с группой и развивать свою сольную карьеру в то же время. С "Neon" я недавно выступал только потому, что это был один из их концертов в честь воссоздания группы, и мы все еще дружим с другими ее участниками," объясняет он. Боян добавляет, что никогда не сожалел о том, что покинул "No Name", которая прекратила свое существование вскоре после его ухода. "Основателями "No Name" были Марко Перич и я, вместе с автором песен Миньей Перичем. Миньо был именно тем, кто больше всего верил в группу, и подталкивал нас к совершенствованию. Но после ухода Марко мы каким-то образом утеряли смысл для продолжения, и потому я также решил выйти из "No Name", где большинство из участников думали о своих сольных карьерах, а не о группе. Я не сожалению о данном решении, и до сих пор нахожусь в прекрасных отношениях с другими участниками коллектива. Но когда дело доходит до такой стадии, то лучше принять решение и остановиться, чем продолжать мучаться, и начать заниматься сольной карьерой, не пытаясь усидеть на двух стульях," говорит Йовович.
Боян, который уже получил большую зрительскую поддержку и добился большого успеха со своей первой группой, верит, что и "Highway" заслуживает подобного отношения. "Я думаю, что все должны поддержать группу "Highway", потому что то, что она делает, полностью отличается от всего, что существует в балканской музыке. Сегодня это не так легко," говорит Йовович. | 2019-04-25T10:51:42Z | http://esckaz.com/2016/mon.htm |
Let's learn what a prognosticator of 1900 thought the world of the 21st century would be like.
People love to imagine what the future will be like, and some of those people are writers who commit their imaginings to paper. In the year 1900, one of these people was a mystery writer named John Elfreth Watkins, who wrote a piece for the December issue of the Ladies' Home Journal entitled "What May Happen In The Next Hundred Years". As is typical in such articles, he got a lot of things wrong. But he also got a surprising percentage of things right! And, for today's post, I thought it would be interesting to look at his predictions, place them in the context of his times, and compare them to the reality.
So Watkins began his essay, going on to explain how he had asked the "wisest and most careful men in our greatest institutions of science and learning" for their opinions on the advances they expected to occur in the upcoming century.
He then immediately leapt into his predictions.
There will probably be from 350,000,000 to 500,000,000 people in America and its possessions by the lapse of another century.
According to the United States Census, there were 76,094,000 Americans in the year 1900. A population of six-and-a-half times that must have seemed truly staggering to the reader of that year. Where would they all go? This figure was based on the simple math, extrapolating the birth and death rates of the time. However, neither Watkins nor his advisors foresaw the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918 (since renamed a "pandemic" in accordance with modern terminology). Somewhere between 20 and 40 million people died that year, more than had been killed in World War I.
Thus the United States' population in 1999 was 272,690,813—still a figure that would have staggered the average 1900 citizen, but still substantially lower than Watkins' estimate.
Nicaragua will ask for admission to our Union after the completion of the great canal. Mexico will be next. Europe, seeking more territory to the south of us, will cause many of the South and Central American republics to be voted into the Union by their own people.
The "canal" to which Watkins refers is not the one in Panama, which had not yet been started; it is the alternate Nicaragua Canal that had been proposed as early as the minor years of the 1800s by Louis Napoleon. Panama seemed an unlikely location for a canal, partly because the French had interests in the area, and partly because the Panamanian swamps were breeding grounds for malaria mosquitoes.
However, in the end, the French sold their interests to the United States; the swamps were drained, and the idea of a Nicaragua Canal was abandoned.
The rest of this prediction is based on the early 1900s' conceit that everyone else in the world wished they were American. And, considered the influx of immigrants at the time, Americans can be forgiven for developing such an idea. But the reality is, the age of Empire was in its final years. We are now witnessing the last dregs, in which corporations buy the resources of third-world countries directly instead of involving governments (other than the occasional overthrow of regimes, such as those in Afghanistan and Iraq, that will not sell).
…by from one to two inches. His increase of stature will result from better health, due to vast reforms in medicine, sanitation, food and athletics. He will live fifty years instead of thirty-five as at present—for he will reside in the suburbs. The city house will practically be no more. Building in blocks will be illegal. The trip from suburban home to office will require a few minutes only. A penny will pay the fare.
The average height of a male American in 1900 was 5'6". Interestingly, this represents a decrease in height from the 1700s, when the average fellow was a towering 5'9". The reason for the reduction in height is generally accepted to be the result of deteriorating environmental conditions resulting from industrialism in the late 19th century, coupled with the pouring of (shorter) immigrants into the gene pool.
So, even in 1900, it was acknowledged that things like medicine, sanitation, and higher quality food could add to a person's height. I have no idea what effect Watkins thought athletics would have. And, indeed, by 1990 the average height of a white, male, American was 5'10"—and increase, not of a mere 2 inches, but of 4! Watkins underestimated the effects of environmental improvements.
As far as moving to the suburbs goes, Watkins was right about that. Too bad his estimated commute time of "minutes" and a fare of a penny didn't work out as well.
Watkins expected these letters to be "abandoned because they are unnecessary." He also predicted that English would be more extensively spoken than any other in the world, with Russian ranking second.
Obviously, Watkins underestimated the inertia of language. Languages do change and evolve—how often do you now hear the United States referred to as "the Union"?—but spelling seems to be more resistant. Indeed, it took founding a new country to take some of the more archaic spellings out of English, like the unneeded "u" in "colour" or "neighbour".
And as far as English speakers go, Watkins was again fooled by his jingoism into thinking that English might ever be the dominant language on the planet.
There are approximately 6900 different human languages spoken on Earth, most by a mere handful of speakers. And the number of speakers is the only way to measure a language's use. What's more, you have to go by a person's primary language; because secondary use varies so widely as to be a useless statistic. The most remote grandmother in the mountains of Japan may know what "Mickey Mouse" means but that doesn't make her a speaker of English.
Thus, as of 2005, the most widely spoken language on Earth was Mandarin Chinese, with 873 million individuals using it every day, and over a billion people using it every day or as a second language.
Hindi is second, with 370 million speakers; Spanish is third, with 350 million. English is fourth, with a mere 340 million speakers. Russian is number 8 on the list! And, interestingly, Arabic is number 5.
Hot or cold air will be turned on from spigots to regulate the temperature of a house as we now turn on hot or cold water from spigots to regulate the temperature of the bath. Central plants will supply this cool air and heat to city houses in the same way as now our gas or electricity is furnished. Rising early to build the furnace fire will be a task of the olden times. Homes will have no chimneys because no smoke will be created within their walls.
Well, at last Watkins has got one almost completely right! Here he correctly describes what we now call central heat and air conditioning. I do find it interesting that he imagines the majority of his readers have electricity; in 1900, only homes in cities were wired and even then most of them were not. He does correctly see the implication of furnaceless homes—no chimneys—though he's wrong about them completely disappearing; the romantic aspect of a fireplace apparently didn't occur to him. He didn't realize that a home with a fireplace (and chimney) would someday sell at a premium to people who want the ambiance of a blazing log in the living room.
Insect screens will be unnecessary. Mosquitoes, house flies, and roaches will have been practically exterminated. Boards of Health will have destroyed all mosquito haunts and breeding grounds, filled in all swamp-lands, and chemically treated all still-water streams. The extermination of the horse and its stable will reduce the house-fly.
So much for Watkins' winning streak.
What neither Watkins nor any others of his age understood, was the great Web of Life that includes flies and mosquitoes. Without them, what would most birds and frogs and toads and lizards eat? Swamplands are home to many species other than mosquitoes, species that also have a place in the web of life. Every species that is driven to extinction makes our own position on Planet Earth all the more precarious.
Instead, we now build homes that are more nearly bug-proof. Modern buildings are not riddled with the chinks and crannies bugs used to use to enter. Few homes of today even have mice, let alone rats. And effective insect repellant allows outdoors enthusiasts to enjoy their pursuits without being unduly eaten alive by flying pests.
…from establishments similar to our bakeries of to-day. They will purchase materials in tremendous wholesale quantities and sell the cooked foods at a price much lower than the cost of individual cooking. Food will be served hot or cold to private houses in pneumatic tubes or automobile wagons. The meal being over, the dishes will be packed and returned to the cooking establishments where they will be washed. Such wholesale cookery will be done in electric laboratories rather than in kitchens. These laboratories will be equipped with electric stoves, and all sorts of electric devices such as coffee grinders, egg-beaters, stirrers, shakers, parers, meat-choppers, meat-saws, potato-mashers, lemon-squeezers, dish-washers, dish-dryers, and the like. All such utensils will be washed in chemicals fatal to disease microbes. Having one's own cook and purchasing one's own food will be an extravagance.
Back on his winning streak, in this paragraph Watkins has foreseen an amazing number of inventions and conventions that did, indeed, come to be. The only thing he missed was the freezing of the pre-cooked food, something that never happened in 1900 by intention. Well, and the prices of frozen dinners aren't quite as reasonable as he supposed. Clearly, Watkins never imagined the coming of the Corporation, whose product is Profit rather than service to its customers.
But don't overlook his prediction of electric labor-saving devices, including the dishwasher and electric blender and coffee maker. That's pretty amazing from the vantage point of 1900. And he thought of antibacterial washes, too!
Shopkeepers who expose food to air breathed out by patrons or to the atmosphere of the busy streets will be arrested with those who sell stale or adulterated produce. Liquid-air refrigerators will keep great quantities of food fresh for long intervals.
Let's concentrate on the point here: Vacuum packed and sealed food, which is, indeed, the norm. What Watkins didn't foresee was the food factory, which eliminates the "shopkeeper" from having the choice over whether to "seal" the food or not. A notable exception: The bakery and butcher's which, while now engulfed by the modern supermarket, and powered by electricity, have not otherwise changed much since Watkins' day.
It will be scarce, but not entirely exhausted. The earth's hard coal will last until 2050 or 2100; its soft-coal mines until 2200 or 2300…Man will have found electricity manufactured by water-power to be much cheaper. Every river or creek with any suitable fall will be equipped with water-motors, turning dynamos, making electricity. Along the seacoast will be numerous reservoirs continually filled by waves and tides washing in. Out of these the water will be constantly falling over revolving wheels. All of our restless waters, fresh and salt, will thus be harnessed to do the work Niagara is doing to-day: making electricity for heat, light and fuel.
This should be true. Why isn't it? Watkins didn't foresee the greed of the fossil fuel industry. In Watkins' day, almost everyone thought that the free market would let the people vote with their pocketbooks, and only good things would result. It never occurred to anyone that corporations would buy each other, creating effective monopolies that could (and would) buy political power and pressure the passage of laws that benefited the corporation to the detriment of the corporation's very customers.
Dynamos are now so efficient that the wind can generate a family's electrical needs. Every homeowner should have a windmill in his or her backyard. That we don't is proof the system is flawed.
All hurry traffic will be below or high above ground when brought within city limits. In most cities it will be confined to subways or broad tunnels, well-lighted and well-ventilated, or to high trestles with "moving-sidewalk" stairways leading to the top. These underground or overhead streets will teem with capacious automobile passenger coaches and freight wagons, with cushioned wheels. Subways or trestles will be reserved for express trains. Cities, therefore, will be free from all noises.
Watkins struck out with this one. 1900 was the heyday of both subway and elevated train construction; not much has been added since, with a couple of exceptions (Washington, San Francisco). The "automobile passenger coach" (bus) rides on surface streets, along with individual automobiles. Watkins did foresee the rubber tire ("cushioned wheels"), so this point isn't totally wrong. But it's pretty close.
If there be a battle in China a hundred years hence snapshots of its most striking events will be published in the newspapers an hour later. Even today photographs are being telegraphed over short distances. Photographs will reproduce all of Nature's colors.
The second sentence of this point is curious, because it wasn't true. Attempts had been made but distance wasn't the issue; technology did not exist that could scan a photograph and transmit the darkness values of its pixels, much less recreate an original from the transmitted data. It wasn't until 1920 that the first attempts, called Telephoto, were actually made, and the result was so fuzzy and faded that it was useless. In 1935 Wirephoto debuted with photos of a crashed plane in the Adirondacks. The technology was essentially similar to that employed by fax machines in the 1980s, and scanners now.
On the other hand, unknown to Watkins, a photographer in Russia had already experimented with full-color photographs. While his technique, essentially the same one employed by Technicolor 30 years later (shooting on three monochrome negatives, each filtered by one of three colored lenses), couldn't be reproduced until modern digital techniques made it possible, the results today look as breathtakingly fresh as if they'd been taken yesterday.
In any case, color film for the masses (Kodachrome) was also introduced in 1935.
He goes on to describe the efficient engines that don't burn coal, and, like houses, are artificially cooled. But of course, he missed the real point: That trains, themselves, would be made all but obsolete by air travel just a few decades after he wrote this.
Yet, that said, other countries, notably China, Japan, and several European countries do have high-speed rail, with trains exceeding 300 mph!
Farmers will own automobile hay-wagons, automobile truck-wagons, plows, harrows and hay-rakes. A one-pound motor in one of these vehicles will do the work of a pair of horses or more. Children will ride in automobile sleighs in winter. Automobiles will have been substituted for every horse vehicle now known. There will be, as already exist today, automobile hearses, automobile police patrols, automobile ambulances, automobile street sweepers. The horse in harness will be as scarce, if, indeed, not even scarcer, then as the yoked ox is today.
I was not able to determine how much horses cost in 1900. But I'm pretty sure they did not take the owner five years to pay off; nor did they wear out in four. Again, Watkins assumed that because something could be done, it would be done.
On the plus side, he did predict skidoos!
…but they will not successfully compete with surface cars and water vessels for passenger or freight travel. They will be maintained as deadly war-vessels by all military nations. Some will transport men and goods. Others will be used by scientists making observations at great heights above the earth.
On the plus side, Watkins foresaw the military use of planes, as well as their use for passengers and freight. This wasn't as revolutionary a guess as some of his, as the demonstration of the aeroplane came just three years after he published his article.
He goes on to describe the genetic modification of domesticated species: no horns, for example. As previously noted, Watkins didn't understand the sanctity of the Web of Life, or that a world with "no wild animals" would be unable to support us.
Persons and things of all kinds will be brought within focus of cameras connected electrically with screens at opposite ends of circuits, thousands of miles at a span. American audiences in their theaters will view upon huge curtains before them the coronations of kings in Europe or the progress of battles in the Orient. The instrument bringing these distant scenes to the very doors of people will be connected with a giant telephone apparatus transmitting each incidental sound in its appropriate place. Thus the guns of a distant battle will be heard to boom when seen to blaze, and thus the lips of a remote actor or singer will be heard to utter words or music when seen to move.
Watkins here has not only foreseen television and television networks (which, as recently as the 1960s and '70s were linked by the telephone system), but stereo sound transmission.
Please note that this prediction was made almost thirty years before the invention of synchronized sound for movies.
Wireless telephone and telegraph circuits will span the world. A husband in the middle of the Atlantic will be able to converse with his wife sitting in her boudoir in Chicago. We will be able to telephone to China quite as readily as we now talk from New York to Brooklyn. By an automatic signal they will connect with any circuit in their locality without the intervention of a "hello-girl."
The rotary dial telephone, which eliminated the "hello-girl", was already patented by 1900 but not introduced into actual use until 1904 and not used by the Bell System until 1919.
The first intercontinental telegraph cable was laid in 1858 but operated only a month; an 1866 attempt was more successful. Once the telephone was invented it was technically feasible to send a single phone call across it (but telegraph traffic would never have allowed this).
Radio-based trans-Atlantic telephone service was offered in the 1920s. That would count as wireless. Marconi, inventor of radio, incidentally began with wireless telegraphy.
It wasn't until 1955 that a trans-Atlantic telephone cable was successfully laid, making telephone calls between America and Europe practical.
The problem with transmitting radio around the world is that the Earth's surface is curved, and radio waves, like light waves, want to travel in a straight line. Luckily, they can be bounced off the ionosphere, a layer in the upper atmosphere. But they can't be bounced all the way around the world. The placement of satellites in orbit around the earth provide a means to finally fulfill Watkins' prediction. Calls can now be made from anywhere except a cave, to anywhere else, including a ship at sea.
In other news, we no longer have "boudoirs."
…to private homes, and will sound as harmonious as though enjoyed from a theatre box. Automatic instruments reproducing original airs exactly will bring the best music to the families of the untalented. Great musicians gathered in one enclosure in New York will, by manipulating electric keys, produce at the same time music from instruments arranged in theatres or halls in San Francisco or New Orleans, for instance. Thus will great bands and orchestras give long-distance concerts. In great cities there will be public opera-houses whose singers and musicians are paid from funds endowed by philanthropists and by the government. The piano will be capable of changing its tone from cheerful to sad. Many devices will add to the emotional effect of music.
This is an odd prediction, considering that Watkins had already described the transmission of stereo sound. If read carefully, this prediction seems to state that musicians would play keyboards which would cause sound to be created, not transmitted, in the homes of the listeners.
That is now possible with MIDI keyboards and was, indeed, a way of transmitting music in the early days of personal computers. But it's never been very satisfying. Meanwhile, the recording and transmission of the original sounds of an orchestra have been perfected to the point that a good sound system can reproduce sounds indistinguishable from the original.
Don't miss Watkins' description of a "piano capable of changing its tune." That's got to be the modern keyboard synthesizer, right?
What Watkins predicted correctly is the general notion that performances would be broadcast and enjoyed in the home, and that musical performances would be enhanced by "devices"—which I assume refers to lasers, smoke, mirrors, and Lady Gaga's costumes.
A university education will be free to every man and woman. Several great national universities will have been established. Children will study a simple English grammar adapted to simplified English, and not copied after the Latin. Time will be saved by grouping like studies. Poor students will be given free board, free clothing and free books if ambitious and actually unable to meet their school and college expenses. Medical inspectors regularly visiting the public schools will furnish poor children free eyeglasses, free dentistry and free medical attention of every kind. The very poor will, when necessary, get free rides to and from school and free lunches between sessions. In vacation time poor children will be taken on trips to various parts of the world. Etiquette and housekeeping will be important studies in the public schools.
It wasn't until the 21st century (slightly beyond the scope of Watkins' essay) that some European countries started providing free university-level educations to their citizens, and Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign that anyone suggested doing that here in the USA.
Fast-flying refrigerators on land and sea will bring delicious fruits from the tropics and southern temperate zone within a few days. The farmers of South America, South Africa, Australia and the South Sea Islands, whose seasons are directly opposite to ours, will thus supply us in winter with fresh summer foods, which cannot be grown here. Scientists will have discovered how to raise here many fruits now confined to much hotter or colder climates. Delicious oranges will be grown in the suburbs of Philadelphia. Cantaloupes and other summer fruits will be of such a hardy nature that they can be stored through the winter as potatoes are now.
This prediction consists of two parts: The transport of seasonal fruits and vegetables from one hemisphere to the other, and the genetic manipulation of species so that they can be grown in climates not (in 1900) supportive of them.
Our fruits and vegetables have come from distant lands for many years, for exactly the reason Watkins gives. Who knows any more when blueberries are "in season", when fresh blueberries are available in the supermarket every day of the year?
As it turns out, the success of the first part of this prediction made the second part unnecessary. While there has been some work done with genetic modification of plants, not much has been done to make oranges resistant to cold (to which farmers in Florida can attest).
Watkins' remaining predictions involved more genetic manipulation to produce "strawberries as big as apples" (which has almost come true), peas as large as beets (who would want them?), and black roses (not yet produced) and blue roses (genetically modified in 2004).
In general, Watkins was accurate when he described a technical advance that could be used to make money. His predictions failed when they would limit a corporations' profits, or challenge the fear some people have that makes them resist allowing others opportunities equal to their own.
But maybe, we can overcome that fear in the next hundred years, and finally achieve the wondrous world Watkins envisioned.
Except, let's not get rid of the wildlife! | 2019-04-21T08:35:25Z | http://paulcilwa.com/Content/History/Future_From_The_Past/index.asp |
My letter from Esther in the Bible to my readers.
And who knows but that you have come to royal position for such a time as this? Let your greatest desire be to please the King. I was nobody, powerless and a Jew. I was an outsider. That didn’t matter to God. I really want you to hear my voice and see my perspective.
There are many books written about the book of Esther; however, I don’t think much attention is given to how God used a woman like me to deliver his people. I am a real person, not a figure of imagination created by someone. God created a real woman. Don’t waste valuable time trying to be somebody without realizing that only God molds and shapes those he uses for his purposes. When we try to find significance in life, without God, it is useless. You have to release yourself to Him. He knows the plans for you.
Mordecai said to me, “…And who knows?” God knew what purpose he had in mind for my life. That’s all that matters. You will never reach your potential in life unless you follow where he leads. Are you learning to recognize His hand? It requires times being alone before Him away from the busyness of work, family, friends and even ministry. Sometimes He allows us to be in a situation whereas there is no one else to lean on but him. That is what happened to me. Maybe you can relate.
My safety net, Mordecai, was gone when I entered the gates of the palace. All of us have a safety net or two; what are yours? Who or what are you relying on more than God? Sometimes we become so attached to our careers, material possessions, status, giftedness––and, yes, even our ministries and churches that we don’t know what God has put inside of us. If any of these things are taken away, where will it leave you? Would you be able to trust God anyhow? Would you lose your rhythm in life?
Would you be so off track that you are paralyzed? Maybe you are like me. I did not realize how much I relied on Mordecai until God brought me to a new place, a place I had never been before. He thought just maybe I became too comfortable in my royal position. Mordecai didn’t realize that in his absence, God had been growing me up. I was no longer his little girl. If he had known this, he would not have spoken so strongly about my being in the king’s house as if that was all I had going for me. By the time I learned of the bad news concerning my people, I was at a point in life where God was all I had. I was thoroughly committed to doing His will because He brought me through a process of surrender. I was confident that God would take care of the results.
Now, when I look back, I see nothing but God’s favor. I experienced His favor in the past, but never to this extent. It seemed like He kept opening doors that I just walked through without manipulation, fight or plea to gain the king’s approval. King Xerxes’ focus was on finding a queen; God’s focus was on making a servant. I am a servant of God. Through my life, He saved His people.
When He makes a servant, He uses her. Many of us want to be used by God but we are not worshippers. We worship Him for who He is. If he does nothing or nothing else, His name should be exalted. True worship leads us into surrender. We let go. Obedience becomes a strong desire. Behavior aligns with His will. We live in such a way that every now and then we sense God is smiling on us! The more we know Him, the more we want to please Him. Giving ourselves to Him comes after He reveals Himself to us. Then we are open to be stretched by Him in service. He gives the opportunities; we don’t have to look for them. He will lead us.
You have many distractions today. It’s easy to put your trust in something or someone other than God. I trusted Him even when I was forced to go to the palace. I trusted from day one, but still while I was there my faith was enlarged so that my feet would not slip. When it came time for the greater assignment, I was ready. God makes you ready. I stopped thinking about those things that bring people happiness; God helped me to see those things that are important to Him. I considered a greater purpose.
I did not blindly come into my marriage relationship. No, Hegai taught me things about the king. Many women get married today without even learning what marriage is about. It was different for me; Hegai taught me how to be a queen. Who’s teaching you how to be a queen? Concubines and queens don’t behave the same way. The standards are higher for queens. Know the difference and chose to live as a queen!
The longer I was with my mentor, the more I got to know the king. Who knew the king better than Hegai? I was motivated to know him because I wanted to please him as his wife not as a concubine. Too many young ladies are settling for the concubine role instead of preparing to be a wife. The benefits in being a wife are far greater than being a concubine. Don’t settle for less! Even in our spiritual life, we settle for the "I’ll-be-with-You-when-I-need-You" fellowship with our Heavenly Father rather than a constant fellowship with Him. It all begins with a desire. The Apostle Paul passionately and consistently prayed for the Ephesians, “the glorious Father, may give you the Spirit of wisdom and revelation, so that you may know him better” (Ephesians 1:17).
Knowing God is powerful and profitable. I am not talking about knowing about Him, but knowing Him. Let your desire be to deeply love Him. I never let my royal position keep me from growing intimately with God. This is what it takes for Him to walk closely with us. Have you allowed a new position, relationship or activity keep you from growing intimately with God?
When Mordecai said,“ but that you have come to royal position...” in that moment I knew God brought me here “for such a time as this.” I began to think about all that had happened to me from the day I was brought to the palace. God will never have us do something He does not provide for. It was no mistake that I had been exalted to a royal position to help God’s people. I believed it was by His providence that I was in a position to serve a doomed people. I was chosen to serve the king as his wife, but there was a greater purpose – to serve God. I was the right person, in the right place and at the right time. I believed that justice would prevail. I knew this deep inside.
It is easy to be blindsided by the ordinary without seeing how God wants to use you for an extraordinary work. This was a divine assignment and I knew it from the bottom of my heart. My deepest desire above all things, even my own desires, passions, and needs, is to serve the Lord. His fingerprints were everywhere in my life. Mordecai knew it, but he thought I got caught up in the king and all the royalty. You can imagine getting caught up in a five or six figure salary with amenities. God has always been near to Mordecai. But what he didn’t know was that I continued to grow in my relationship with God.
In fact, I got to know God better in the palace than when I was living in the province. Location makes no difference to God; it is never a barrier. He’s everywhere and we are not out of His reach! What do you believe about His providence concerning where you are in life? What circumstances did He use to bring you to where you are in life? Are you growing in your faith right where you are?
“For such a time as this” relates to a specific time. I learned that my people needed to be rescued and I was in a position to help them. Could I have ignored it? It was all in God’s timing. It was not a “just so happen” thing. He needed me in this very moment. If you are walking in obedience and sometimes even disobedience with God, He might show you where He needs you to serve for the good of others.
Abraham walked in obedience; Jonah walked in disobedience for a while. My people needed to be rescued. I saw God’s fingerprints on the situation and it made it easier for me to respond, “yes, Lord!” I had a stronger conviction after our time of fasting and prayer.
You should consider doing a timeline of your life or a map of seasons in your life listing significant events or benchmarks to see how God led you to where you are right now. Don’t be like some women who never stop to exhale to see what God is teaching them. You might be surprised by what you learn about your journey. It's beneficial for us to pause to reflect, pray, discern and imagine!
There is a price to pay in being at one with God. I was willing to pay the price of being thrown out of the palace or even losing my own life to fulfill His purpose. I meant it when I said, “And if I perish, I perish.” When I spoke these words, in my heart, I knew I was sold out to God. I love Him with all my heart, mind, soul and strength. There are those who say they will follow and there are also those who actually follow God; there is a difference. If I tried to do this on my own, I would have messed up everything. He was there for me and I knew it. He gave me what to say and when to say it.
Don’t think God is not strategic. The plan was already in motion. He was asking me to get involved with saving His people. Doesn’t this sound like a big request? He was letting me know that there is nothing too big or complex for Him. I couldn’t imagine God not asking you to do big things for Him to affect the lives of others. Maybe He's speaking now?
My response is a powerful testimony of my love for our God. I could not have done any of this without my faith in Him. My obedience in responding to His will is motivated by my love. Does that make sense to you? Even if I disobeyed God, like Mordecai said, “relief and deliverance for the Jews will arise from another place, but (me) and (my) family will perish.” To me those were some strong and unnecessary words. Mordecai just didn’t understand where I stood concerning my obedience to God.
Oftentimes people on the outside make wrong assumptions about you. That’s what he did about me. Since I have been in the palace, God taught me how to stand firm believing in His word and strength, coupled with prayer. It didn’t take any persuasion to ask the Jews to pray and fast for me. I needed God’s strength, and I knew they were willing to sacrifice. I desired above all things to obey God. This assignment was entrusted to me and I took it seriously. There was no hesitation on my part. It’s not difficult to obey when you’ve experienced His faithful love.
How does your testimony reflect His faithful love for you? In what ways are your actions motivated by His faithful love? I hope the sermons and Bible studies you attend are balanced. What I mean is that too much about “you” and too little about God isn’t good. I’ve learned about who I am through knowing Him. In fact, I believe it is the only way to know your “true self.” I recognize His character and nature in me because He has revealed himself to me, through His grace. No one is perfect, but my deepest desire in life was to know God. It paid off!
God uses women to change the world in powerful ways even when the odds are against us. I am the face of many women desiring to be used by Him to make a difference in the world. More women like me are in the Body of Christ.
The 21st Century needs women of God who speak truth about the failure of systems and structures that harm and even destroy people. You cannot become too comfortable and forget about those who need your leadership. How hot is your fire for a worthy cause? Who keeps coming to mind as someone needing an advocate? In what ways is God making you ready for a royal position? How responsive are you?
You have so many wonderful role models from the past and present to glean from. Some of them appear in this book, but there are many more. Continue to learn from them. Spend time with those women who walk the talk. Pray for them. Emulate them. Give and be willing to receive. God gives so that you have something to give to others. Sow seeds for a harvest of righteousness.
Remember, my obedience to God reflects the obedience of His own Son, Jesus Christ. I did nothing out of selfish ambition but obeyed God for a greater purpose.
“Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others” (Philippians 2:4). “Your attitude should be the same as that of Christ Jesus: Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, but made Himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness. And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to death – even death on a cross” (Philippians 2:5-8).
He made himself nothing by not allowing others to make Him their earthly king because they wanted deliverance from the hands of the Romans. He did not ask the Father to save Him from going to the cross. He knew it was why He came. Obedience is motivated by love. There is no greater love! This truth is revealed in Jesus words, “I will not speak with you much longer (speaking to his disciples), for the prince of this world is coming. He has no hold on me, but the world must learn that I love the Father and that I do exactly what My Father has commanded Me” (John 14:30-31).
Jesus told the Pharisees, “I tell you the truth, the Son can do nothing by Himself; He can do only what He sees His Father doing, because whatever the Father does the Son also does. For the Father loves the Son and shows Him all He does. Yes, to your amazement He will show Him even greater things than these” (John 5:19-20).
God shows you what to do in life––in good and bad times. You have to know Him for yourself. Haman had no hold on me; God did. Mordecai’s initial reaction was fear, but once I sent word back by Hathach, he was at ease. He understood that God had chosen me as a vessel to save His people. I am so thankful to Him for using me. There is nothing that means more to me in life.
He has chosen all of you for something that will benefit others far greater than you can imagine. There are always people who need to taste and see that He is good. There are those who need to hear about what He has taught you so that they can experience true freedom from whatever keeps them from surrendering to His will. They might need to hear that He came to earth as a living, holy sacrifice for sinful man.
Such a great cloud of witnesses surrounds you. I am one of them. Consider the need for social justice today. The woman called for such a time as this is open to God’s leading to positions of influence, power and where He needs her to make a great impact for kingdom gain. She knows how to walk alone. She does not allow promotions to keep her from doing her Father’s business. She understands that it is not about her, but “The Lord works righteousness and justice for all the oppressed” (Psalm 103:6). She has this purpose in mind. She looks beyond where she is currently to see her role in paving the way for the next generation. She understands that systems are failing: education, law and justice, and the family institution. She is concerned with issues like the young dying to violence, premarital sexual relationships, the rise in domestic violence and many other social ills.
So many women of all races, ages and backgrounds have been encouraged by how God used me for a great purpose. They say I was pretty and smart, powerful and strategically positioned to be abundantly blessed. Some say, I was positioned for greatness. This was God’s doing; He gave me favor, which I did not deserve. I, even, love my man. I am grateful for everything! I would sometimes be overwhelmed that God used me for such a time as this!
As you encounter girls and women who want to know about our loving and awesome God, tell them about Vashti, me, and the courageous women who followed. Pray for their hearts to be open to the things of God. Teach them to emulate us and those women who are living transformed lives. We considered a greater purpose.
Respond to Esther’s letter. What thoughts come to mind?
What questions or concerns do you have about being used by God for his purposes? Is there anything or anyone holding you back?
How has God called you “for such a time as this?”What is your response?
Who are some of those “great cloud of witnesses” surrounding you?
Consider writing your own story of courage. What might be the title?
Excerpt from Consider a Greater Purpose, Vashti, Esther and the Courageous Women Who Followed.
I like to write when I'm inspired to share something that I hope will help others in their journey. | 2019-04-26T05:49:52Z | https://www.dlpministries.com/blog/my-letter-from-esther-in-the-bible-to-21st-century-women-of-courage |
Breast Cancer. Two words nobody likes to hear. Two words that affect 1 in 8 women, and their families.
Brian and I recently had the amazing opportunity to meet and document the stories of ten powerful women who have fought to keep breathing in their battle against cancer. Julie and her bag of tricks. Kim and the unfailing support of her husband. Rosemary and her continuous survival, support, strength. These three and many more remind us how strong we truly are and what faith, family, and friends can do for us.
"Keep Breathing" - the Fight for Life from Faces in Focus Photography on Vimeo.
Many many thanks to Karen Goforth of Irresistible Portraits, the woman behind this four year old organization. Last Friday, she hosted Piggin' Out for Pink - a fundraiser for Focused on A Cure. So many incredible sponsors joined together for a truly fantastic night at the Vintage Motor Club.
I know, I know. My blogging has been terrible. You've missed me haven't you? Well, I hope so anyway! It's been a busy few weeks, but business translates into gorgeous sessions posted right here! We can't wait to share what we've been working on. But in the meantime, here are some laughs to make up for this slight blogging hiatus.
Weird, this looks an awful lot like Brian and my marriage license. Except ours also states, "You will buy me candy weekly."
I recently rewatched every episode so I'm on a kick right now. Don't laugh. Stop what you're doing and watch it. Now. Trust me!
Tune in Thursday to see our latest wedding album design, from Araceli & Jonathan's Pine Lake Pavilion wedding!
I shouldn't tell you this, but apparently when I get busy, my brain stops processing normal functions. Like the other day, I was looking at a PDF sent to me with all the pages rotated sideways. I spent five minutes looking at it with my head sideways, before I realized I could ROTATE the page. Also there were several days last week when I literally FORGOT TO EAT. Brian had to like shake me and remind me to eat. I guess it's a side effect of wedding season. Fortunately, I've still got walking, breathing, and eating candy down, so at least those things are continuing as they normally would.
I did however have a couple of breaks in the past few weeks, including a trip to Ikea in Charlotte. That was quite the adventure, I tell you. You see Brian and I are planning to move to a new 3 Bedroom Apartment in the next few months, which means I get to design a brand spanking new office. We also realize that, as our 3 year anniversary approaches, it's probably time for new living room furniture, so we're hitting up the furniture stores for a new set. So our trip to Ikea was our chance to maximize the space in our apartment and look for new creative pieces to enhance our new office. I knew that I wanted a relaxed area I could work with, with lots of organized storage and places to store my sample albums and display my canvases. And, thanks to Pinterest and Ikea, i found the perfect colors and accessories. Here are a few pics from my office inspiration board on Pinterest.
I can't wait to get started on it, and get a nice new workspace to focus in!
In other news - if you follow me on Instagram (@arianawatts), you would have seen that my Martha Stewart side came out a little bit. I made a watermelon baby carriage for a baby shower, and it was adorable!!
Told ya! Adorable! :D So adorable, nobody wanted to eat it! It was pretty fun and easy to make too. I actually surpised myself a little bit!
Well that's the latest for me. We have an exciting weekend coming up with Caitlyn & Daniel's wedding, and are getting geared up and ready for what is bound to be an amazing wedding! Hope you all are enjoying your week. Have a happy Tuesday!
For those of you who follow me on Twitter or Instagram, you probably were relatively aware that I was on the other side of the country a little over a week ago. And yes, I DO think a Sleepless in Seattle quote was called for and NOT corny. Mmmkay?
Anywho, I had the privilege of visiting my family and watching my aunt graduate from the University of Washington with her PhD!! Awesome, right? I was a majorly proud niece, I’ll tell you that. It was my first chance to see not only Seattle, but the West Coast, and I had a fabulous time. I fully intend to go back and do all the touristy Seattle things that people do, but for my first trip, I got a great glimpse of the city, and absolutely loved it, despite the four days of rain we enjoyed.
The best love is the kind that awakens the soul; that makes us reach for more, that plants the fire in our hearts and brings peace to our minds. That’s what I hope to give you forever.
If I had to move to anywhere in the world, I think I know for sure, it would be Lebanon, Virginia. Rolling hills and mountains, gorgeous views, and the most peaceful atmosphere in the world! I photographed this wedding and this engagement there last year, and I have loved this place ever since. Last weekend I had another chance to visit my friend Cherise and her new husband Stu, and I fell in love all. over. again. I'm looking forward to sharing images from our trip on Friday!
We are also pretty thrilled to have had the opportunity to have Jessika & Kevin's Duke Garden's Engagement Session featured on The Lovely Find! This is such a great blog - if you haven't been over there yet, go! It's a great resource for bride-to-be's!
Ahh! The wedding! That's right, you're getting married! That's it! Best day of your life, walking down the aisle... Oh, your body's a battleground, there's a chemical war inside! Adrenaline, acetylcholine, wham go the endorphins! You're cooking! Yeah! You're like a walking oven, a press cooker, a microwave, all churning away; the buttons reach boiling point and Shazam!
Since last weekend I photographed two weddings with brides and grooms who are avid fans of the Doctor, I thought a Doctor Who quote was applicable this week!
I realized at the end of April, how quickly May has just filled up! We get to do some pretty cool new things this month. I'm assisting two photographers on two out of state (VA & SC) weddings - holla!! We've got two senior sessions this month, with awesome peeps. And Brian and I are taking a day to get in front of the lens - we're getting our own photo shoot with the incredible Liz Grogan Photography.
Now, if you're following us on Facebook, you would have seen this week's sneak peek already. If you haven't though, stop over and like our page, stat!
Jessika & Kevin's Princton, North Carolina Wedding at The Gurley House.
You should be kissed every day, every hour, every minute.
Oh, how true that is! Thank you Nicholas Sparks, for giving me something to tell my husband every, single, day.
I saw The Lucky One over the weekend, and I have mixed feelings about it. I read the book a couple years ago and wasn't that in love with it. The movie wasn't exactly spectacular, but Zac Efron was quite the cutie, and he played the piano, so who cares?! Ha, I kid. It was a nice romantic reminder though, and even though I didn't cry, I did enjoy Zac Efron the movie!
Feel free to visit these previous posts and leave some love!
I've been accumulating this massive collection of movie quotes, something I've been doing for years, and I thought, why aren't I posting some of these awesome ones on the blog? So, now I am!
In the meantime, here is a sneak peek of this weeks engagement, taken at the Coker Arboretum in Chapel Hill. Looking forward to sharing the rest!
Brian tells me all the time that I don't clean, I organize. And for all intents and purposes, he's right! I can't just wipe down the counter, I need to make sure my spices are in alphabetical order and my containers in a straight line. It's just what I do. It's not done if its disorganized!
Thankfully I'm the same way with my receipts and my wedding contracts, which are neatly organized by wedding date and bride name, in my adorable green filing box. That being said, I do take a periodic look through my files to make sure they're updated and I started to realize what great venues I will have the opportunity to photograph in the next few months. Here are just a few that I'm especially thrilled about!
I love this venue! It's located next to a gorgeous lake, has this very amazing tent for the reception and is an overall beautiful location. I've had the opportunity to photograph there before, and am looking forward to going back to photograph an upcoming wedding there in April.
The Grand Marquise is exactly as it sounds. Elegant. Grand. Beautiful. I'll have the opportunity to visit this venue in June, and I look forward to using the grand structure of the ballroom for some very romantic photos.
The Hayloft is perfectly southern, perfectly North Carolina. It tugs at my inner Southern Belle and I can't wait to visit this gorgeous barn in July. I can only imagine what the bride & groom will do with this location!
Some other amazing venues I cannot wait to photograph someday include The Venue at East Front in Burlington, NC, The Arbors in Cleveland, NC, and Proximity Hotel in Greensboro, NC. I know any wedding held at any of those venues would be stunning, and I would be super excited and honored to be a part of that wedding. Fa reals!
Happy Planning you brides out there! Thanks for reading!
Yes, we are leaving on a plane - today actually! Packing up the suitcases and heading off to Atlanta. We have been looking forward to this trip for almost two months now and we are über, yes, über excited. We plan on taking a ton of photos, looking supremely awesome in our new Atlanta outfits, and meeting a ton of amazing photographers around the Atlanta area. Wow, I said Atlanta a lot. Any one still wondering where I'm going?
DARY! LEGENDARY. Like fa reals!
Anyway time to do some last minute packing, and pick out which books I will be too excited to read on the plane! Thanks for reading!
Every year it snows at least once. In 2010, it was a brief snow, and I only got one photo, but I was happy nevertheless. In 2011, it was a great snow, and I marched around my home with my husband and Shelby and inhaled the perfect wonder. In 2012, though, my annual blog post about my obsession with snow came a little late.
In fact I thought that I would go this entire winter without enjoying the oh-so-perfect form of water, which silently blankets the earth to transform it into a world unseen and untouched, quiet and solemn. For it is not JUST snow, it is a transformation. A revision. A mere footnote to the original landscape. It is... perfect.
Oh yeah, I get poetic when it snows.
And alas, this forlorn winter threatened to pass without even a hint of white wonder, but it did not and today, well today. I am happy. I am warm. And it has snowed. So here is 2012's blog post. A happy ode to my favorite, oh my FAVorite thing in the world.
For snow, alone, yes, Snow. She is the one thing I love more than all other things. Yes, even candy.
Anywho, thank you 2012, for not letting me down.
It's easy to get jaded nowadays. We have little devices in our pockets that can access the sum of mankind's knowledge to date in seconds. We can soar around the planet in metal tubes just as easily as we would lay on the couch. We can capture reflected light, transform it into 1's and 0's, and change it back into light again to be viewable world-wide with a few deft keystrokes.
But, in the case of this week's finds, I stumbled upon a couple of gems that reacquainted me with "wonder" and "awe" for a few moments. We hope you enjoy!
And here's my own try at a little bit of time lapse and tilt shift during our vacation last year!
I spent the better half of my high school career in my favorite place - the library. It was rare to not find my nose in a book, and most kids would call me a bookworm. Correction, DID call me. And while everyone is boarding the Kindle and Nook train, I am still obsessed with the smell and feel of a 300 page book. So when my mom took me to this bookshop that had $.25 books - I went ca-razy. Now, 40 books later, I thought I'd share what I've been reading lately!
What isn't in this book? Epic journeys across Alaegasia, dragons and Riders, evil dictators who must be defeated, and everything that makes up a great story. I've been reading these books nonstop and couldn't recommend it more. I'm currently 3/4 of the way through the third in the series and I am itching to get to the finale and see how Mr. Paolini wraps up this amazing story.
When I was in High School, I read Flowers in the Attic. From that point forward, I wasw absolutely hooked to V.C. Andrews. I even got grounded because I hid behind the counter reading, instead of doing my chores! Fortunately I wasn't grounded too long, and thank goodness for flashlights! Well my mother happened to come across a collection of V.C. Andrews book, and couldn't help but bring me several complete SERIES. It's like the Netflix of books. I read the Hudson series this past week and I've thoroughly enjoyed reading about the suspense, drama and secrets of these families featured in these books. They're fun reads!
Next on my shelf? A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (which I read in high school already and was SO good!) and The Mists of Avalon. They're the newest editions to my library and I can't wait to start them.
Thanks for reading! Pun SO intended.
I had this unsettling thought the other day. Inquiries. They’re a little slow. And this is booking season. What happens if no one else books me this year?! Am I a terrible photographer? Oh my god what if my SEO isn't good enough?! What if people don't like my HAIR?! But I can’t say anything b/c Brian always picks on me and tells me I worry too much. So I’ll keep my mouth shut. Okay? Ok.
Ignoring the fact that I had a conversation in my head AND a mild nervous breakdown, it was another week before the inevitable happened. After bombarding myself with thoughts & worries, I stopped taking my own advice, and worried. OUT LOUD. He was talking about our new portfolio and how great it looks and how he believes in me. He was so confident about this year being awesome that it just slipped out. But we’re not getting inquiries right now. It’s been a few weeks. I’m getting nervous. I regretted saying it, mostly because saying something out loud suddenly makes it very real. But Brian just laughed.
I love it when you get so nervous. Everytime you do we get inquiries.
Okay, he’s crazy, obvs, and I didn’t exactly appreciate him picking on me, but whatever. Except that the very next day… I got two inquiries. My first reaction? WHAT?!!!! My second? Brian is totally setting me up. But after I crossed that suspicion off my list and talked and emailed two fabulous brides, I realized Brian was kind of right. The moment I start to get scared, to question everything, and start reconsidering this business and my life, I’m reminded that it isn’t, nor was it ever, an overnight process. And that, with a little patience, they'll come.
I have considered running around the house chanting, "No inquiries, no inquiries" but something tells me that coincidences don't come around quite that often. So for now I'll just keep working on things and telling myself that this year really is going to be a great year.
Check back into the blog tomorrow to find out where my nose has been lately and on Wednesday for the rest of Crystal & Zaac's Chapel Hill engagement session!
I love new beginnings. I’m that person who makes a goal for something, but I’ll start it on Sunday since it’s the beginning of a new week. Or buys a new notebook, but waits until the beginning of a new month to start using it. I like fresh starts! And while I’m not really one for New Year’s Resolutions, I do sit down at the beginning of every year and try to make a list of goals, not necessarily for myself, but for my business.
And what better way to stick to a goal, than to write it down…. AND SHARE IT WITH THE WHOLE WORLD! I mean it’s a little weird, putting your dreams and plans out in the open for all to see, but I see it as an opportunity to push myself. I look forward to sitting down on December 31st, 2012, and figuring out how many goals I actually reached, and which have changed.
Build & spread my brand. – Now that I’ve discovered my brand, and the direction I want to take, I hope to continue spreading that through the entire experience, from sessions, to prints packages, to DVD’s. Build my brand, and let people come to love me, for me!
This is just the beginning, and in 2012, I hope each bride and groom have an incredible experience working with us!
Complete a 52 Weeks Project – I know how easy it can be to get so caught up in the deadlines, and editing, and clients, that you forget to take photos of your life. Of fun. Of the now. So my goal is to take a photo of my husband and I together. ONCE. A. WEEK. Something random, even when nothing is going on. Hopefully, I can post them each week, but even if I don’t, my goal is that, at the end of the year, we can remember life as we knew it then, and look forward to another incredible year.
Right now, those are my three highest goals. I know that as I go through the year, I’ll have more to add to my list, and some that will change, but for now, I like that I’ve sort of shared with the world my three biggest ones. I look forward to what this year brings!
I was trying to find myself. Who I was, and what this business was. So I made this list. This crazy, random list about the things I like and love. NO one would have understood this sheet of paper! It varied from Sour Patch Kids, to the Notebook, to the color green. And then, you know one of those moments in a mystery movie where the main character looks at a sheet of paper and the words just pop out at them and they put together some clue? I had one of THOSE moments. Words started standing out with this little theme flowing through them.
And suddenly I understood. I had flashbacks to my relationship with my husband and remembered all the CD's he made me filled with romantic love songs. I remembered all the movies we would watch together, and how we could talk to each other in love quotes. It was one of the biggest reasons we fell in love. Then I thought about high school, and how I used to obsess over quotes and songs and romance. I was drawn to love and hopeless romance. And I had revelation. It was like whoa... I called Brian and I told him, "I know what our brand is. I know what we've been slowly, unconsciously striving toward. Love. And not just any love. The unexpected kind. Like the movies."
And it began. Our first level of rebranding. So we have updated our blog and created a whole new portfolio. Because we want you to feel like your love is just like it is in the movies. Unforgettable, passionate, and romantic. This year I've formally taken on Brian as part of the team in every way. We've incorporated video services in every engagement session and every wedding. Your love IS like a movie. You should feel that way.
Keep an eye out on our new "trailers" - behind the scene videos of our engagement sessions. Then, as wedding season begins, watch the Highlights videos of our weddings. We hope we can help all of our brides and grooms to enjoy the most exciting time of their lives, and remember how incredible, and how amazing it was to marry the person they loved.
We invite you to visit our new Portfolio Website and peruse the pages. We're SO excited to premier this site! For all of you who just got engaged over the holiday season - we hope we get to meet you and celebrate your love with you.
Thank you, Internet, for your continued support. And HELLO 2012!!
I love quotes. When I was in high school, we used to get these day planners, which was the beginning of an obsession that would last until I got my iPad…. I would fill up those pages with song lyrics, quotes, hearts, and the name of the latest crush I had that year. Typical girl, I know. I kept them, and every once in a while, I like to revisit 2006 and read about who I was in “love” with that year and all the sweet, sappy song and movie quotes I gleaned.
I’ve moved on from putting guy’s names in hearts and dedicating hopelessly romantic songs to them, but I haven’t gotten over quotes themselves. If you follow me, on pinterest, you’ll see I’ve re-pinned my fair share of them. And I’m such a SUCKER for romantic movies. Especially the ones that make you cry. I consistently put myself through the torture of movies like Titanic, and P.S. I Love You. And I am SUCH a crier. I mean I’m pretty sure I cried over every episode of Grey’s Anatomy from Season 1-3 and my eyes watered while watching Jim & Pam fall in love and get married. I’m like a compulsive crybaby and I can’t understand why but I can’t help myself. Call me a hopeless romantic okay?
Anyway, since I’m on such a quote kick, I thought I’d share a few of my absolute FAVORITES that I’ve heard or remembered in the past week or so.
The Office – “When you’re a kid, you assume your parents are soul mates. My kids are gonna be right about that.
Now these are just movies/shows. Don’t EVEN get me started on songs and musicals. I’d be here all. day. long.
A squeal and a little jig.
I admit - I squealed and did a little dance when I read it. Katie (whose family was featured on the blog just yesterday) is a blogger. She writes about her kids and her art projects and what she'@ reading with her kids. Thanks to Google Reader, I've read every single post.
So back to the squealing.... She wrote an incredible post today about being our giveaway winner and it is so, well, honest! I know so many people who get so nervous behind the camera, and it was really nice to see her perspective of how our session went!
Click here to read the blog post.
If you’re a photographer, you’ve probably heard about Jasmine Star. She’s the master at branding. I know exactly the type of person she is, and the kind of clients she books. She clearly states that she is “a lifestyle photographer for fabulous people.” Her blog looks like pages straight out of a magazine, her website, the same. And just this week she announced, no, not a book, like normal people. A magazine. She WROTE. A. MAGAZINE. She’s outdid her own self, and everyone is excited.
I desperately try not to compare myself to other photographers. I want to find my own path, my own style, my own brand, and my own dream. But when I see Jasmine Star, I see a woman who does that so well. And I get stuck on one thing – who am I, exactly? What makes me different? What makes Faces in Focus different from everyone else? I mean sure, in reality I’m new to the business, going on my 2nd official year (3rd if you count the year where I didn’t know which way was up). I don’t compare myself to others, but I don’t see how I stand out either!
I ask myself all the time – who do I appeal to? Who do I want to appeal to? It’s so clearly seen when you look at photographers like J* or Jonas Peterson, or Ryan Brenizer. They know who they want, what they want, and they get it. I sometimes have no idea how to answer, “Who is your ideal client?” Um… someone who likes my work, thinks I’m funny, likes to have fun, and pays me in Sour Patch Kids? I mean WHO AM I?
I guess I’m kind of on a journey right now. That’s what it feels like. I want to make it clear now. I don’t want to stand out amongst local photographers, and I don’t want to be famous. Those aren’t my sole purposes in this business. I want to be me. And I want to book clients who love me for me.
I had lunch with my amazing friend Becki, and she had quite the same questions earlier this year. She went away for a while, traversing the mountains, wrestling bears, and just being free. She came back with a renewed vigor for life and she’s making those changes to be the photographer SHE wants to be. I’m inspired by her. By Jasmine Star. By people who go after what they want and know Exactly. Who. They. Are.
I’m happy I have my family, my dog, and my photography. Here’s hoping that I’ll stumble upon who I am at the bottom of a bag of Sour Patch Kids or something.
It's November!! The leaves are falling, we can start to see our breath in the cold morning and the Holidays are approaching. It's just that time of year.
Think of one person you know who needs or deserves a photography session, and tell me why. It could be for any reason, but I want to know why YOU think they deserve it. Did they just have a baby? Has Grandma never had a photograph taken with all of her grandchildren? Did your fabulous mother just beat the odds and is still here today to celebrate and keep your lives filled with love? Tell me their story.
The winner will receive a Mini Session with Faces in Focus Photography, to be silly, laugh, cuddle, and play with their favorite people in the whole wide world. AND, so will their friend. That special person who so deserves a session, gets the exact same thing. Both of you will walk away with 30 minutes of fun, an online gallery of 15 images, and a free 8x10!
There are three steps to enter the contest.
1. Post your response on our blog using the Add Comment link below.
2. Post your response on Facebook.
3. The winner is going to be chosen and announced on our Newsletter, so in order to find out if you won, you’ll have to sign up for the newsletter too, using the box below.
The contest ends at 9:00 AM on Friday November 4th. The winner will be chosen by Sunday, November 6th. So what are you waiting for? On your marks.... Hehe just kidding!
I can't wait to hear all of your amazing stories! I know choosing a winner for this is NOT going to be easy! | 2019-04-20T15:14:23Z | http://www.silverfeatherstudios.com/arianas-blog?category=Personal |
Middlefield Road in Palo Alto is scheduled for some updates that officials hope will improve safety around Jordan Middle School, provide better access to Lucie Stern Community Center, reduce speeding and improve safety for bicyclists. The design changes will include the narrowing of lanes on Middlefield between the two legs of North California Avenue and addition of crosswalks and bike lanes from Forest Avenue to Oregon Expressway, according to plans recently released by the city. Road work will take place in two phases, starting this summer and concluding next year.
The first phase, from Oregon to Embarcadero Road, will also include changes along a stretch of North California Avenue from Alma Street to Newell Road.
Middlefield Road changes will include re-striping of lanes at some intersections to improve turning by vehicles; adding new marked crosswalks; reducing the width of car lanes to discourage speeding; and constructing a new, separate bikeway and a widened sidewalk in front of Jordan Middle School.
There will be no changes to on-street parking or the number of lanes on Middlefield.
Work along North California will entail adding bicycle lanes on North California by removing one parking lane; adding a wide, separate bike lane on North California; signal changes on North California at the Middlefield Road intersection to simplify car and bicycle turns; and extending a separate bikeway to Newell and Jordan Middle School's secure bike-parking area.
The bikeway should help cyclists at the North California Avenue/Middlefield Road dogleg intersection to cross more easily, according to city planners. High-visibility crosswalks, directional signage for cyclists, and advisory signs for drivers should improve safety and provide students a convenient bike connection to the Bryant Street Bike Boulevard and improved safe access to the bike parking area for Jordan Middle School students.
Narrower car lanes on Middlefield and a simplified centerline striping will aim to calm speeding and better vehicle turning movement. Speed data will be collected and analyzed before and after the changes to determine their effectiveness, Chief Transportation Official Joshuah Mello said June 9 at a public meeting on the road changes at City Hall.
To address cars that typically speed and pass aggressively and unsafely on the right at Middlefield and Kingsley Avenue, the city plans to narrow lanes, paint cross-hatched areas near the intersection, and install 6-inch-tall "traffic buttons" in the pavement, which would improve safety for traffic turning on to Middlefield from Kingsley.
A similar cross-hatched section of roadway will be installed near the Walter Hays Elementary School driveway to prevent cars from passing, and a new right-turn lane will be striped on Middlefield to let drivers entering the school to pull to the curb and keep the road clear.
Narrower lanes will also slow traffic near the Palo Alto Junior Museum & Zoo and the Lucie Stern Community Center. To shorten crossing distances and increase visibility for pedestrians, a concrete bulb-out and crosswalk will be added to the north side of Kingsley.
Seale Avenue at Middlefield will also gain a high-visibility crosswalk.
In addition, two new dedicated left-turn lanes will be added from both directions of Middlefield onto Embarcadero Road. The traffic signal at the intersection will be adjusted in the future, Mello said.
Other changes north of University Avenue at Middlefield, where residents have called for fewer lanes, will be addressed in a separate phase, Mello said.
More information and renderings of the project are available online at cityofpaloalto.org/transportation.
How is Middlefield unsafe??? I thought Bryant, Cowper and Ross were being redesigned for bikes. Middlefield should have the speed limit raised to 30. No one drives 25. PA cops regularly roll down Middlefield going 40 mph.
The results of artificially shrinking Middlefield will be sudden congestion forcing cars onto Cowper and Louis. I thought you didn't want that??
The radical War on Cars is reaching a fever pitch.
Narrowing lanes on Middlefield means that buses, trucks, even garbage trucks, will take more space than the width of their lane. This sounds particularly stupid to me.
Likewise, slowing traffic to a standstill can't be the aim of efficient traffic management.
When traffic is gridlocked, it encourages people to do unsafe things such as darting out into traffic whether they are in a car, on a bike or on foot.
I can't see how any of this will make Middlefield safer.
The lanes on Middlefield are already so narrow that VTA, SamTrans, Google and other buses have to straddle BOTH lanes--which holds up traffic, preventing other vehicles from passing. There is not enough safe room for bikes NOW--and this will make it more dangerous still!
Someone has some loose screws, and needs to tighten them ASAP!
When are we going to start teaching better pedestrian safety? I know that pedestrians have right of way at intersections, etc., but so many pedestrians seem to take that to mean they can step out without looking in all directions, acting unpredictably, wearing dark clothes at night, and having an invincible attitude about their own safety. This is particularly true in crowded arenas like around schools, but also on quiet, poorly lit streets with lots of dark shadows.
I would like to see pedestrians acting with more safety consciousness. I have traveled a lot overseas, and nowhere else have I seen pedestrians acting the way they do around here. All of us using the roads should be a lot more pro-active towards our own personal safety.
We agree that vehicle speeds on Middlefield need to be brought under control. We regularly see cars going 40mph or faster between California Ave and Embarcadero. There are no stop lights in this section or even marked crosswalks. Kids trying to cross the street are in extreme danger and walking all the way out to Embarcadero to cross the street doesn't really help because a lot of cars run the stop lights there and don't respect the crosswalks.
seem to be able to drive in their own lanes correctly?
The speed limit is 25 mph. Why can't the police enforce the speed limit? Instead of costing money, it will be revenue!
Have the safety consequences been fully evaluated? For example, with narrower lanes, won't there be more risk of head-on/side swipe collisions?
Also, have thoroughfare standards with respect to transit buses been fully evaluated to be sure we won't lose bus service as a result of this.
This is so ironic to me, because I have pointed out real safety hazards along El Camino in personal phone calls and emails with both the City Manager and Chief of Police. They told me to take care of it myself by stopping my vehicle and speaking to the truck driver who was creating the safety hazard. This is an example of a problem with the City's safety culture -- ignoring real issues while chasing phantasms.
I agree with the sentiments of most commenters. Is Middlefield unsafe now? Have there been a spate of accidents I don't know about? Or is this really an exercise in redesigning the road with current standards and practices in mind?
Personally, I'd like to save our money for places where improvements are needed. But then I've tried to make the same argument with respect to aspects of the planned bike boulevard improvements to no avail.
As a cyclist, Middlefield is a disaster. Around mid town shopping, there is barely a bikes width to ride between the second lane and the sidewalk. Right at Colorado is scary narrow.
Then you get to Jordan where it changes to a single lane, and there is so much extra room that dimwitted rivers perceive a second lane where there is none, and dive into no man's land to take a right at California.
I don't think lane narrowing is the right answer, but there is a lot of room for improvement.
This is absurd. My guess is that there is no data on what about Middlefield has proven to be unsafe that would justify the cost and congestion of this ridiculous and dangerous decision ( believe this decision will cause accidents). Enforcing the speed limit should be the first step, if there really is such data that shows significant safety issues. If there is none, as I suspect, then increase the speed limit to 30 and enforce that. And, I agree that I see cops going 40 mph down Middlefield. Why? because it's safe to do so. This is yet another attempt by the transportation department to implement a city council policy to create maximum automobile congestion on the roads in Palo Alto in the hopes that everyone will simply abandon driving bc the city has purposely made it so difficult.
Resident has it right. The radical War on cars continues. I'm sure there's grant money that's burning a hole in the pockets of the transportation department. Rather than spend it on something worthwhile, they choose to screw up traffic again.
It's ridiculously obvious that Mr. Mello is pursuing his own expensive vision rather than that of the residents who attended the last meeting about the "redesign" of Middlefield. Why do we bother spending money on "community outreach" when our highly paid officials ignore our feedback and pursue their own vision that ignores OUR reality??
We told him the street was already too narrow. We told him that the time window for being about to get in and out of our driveways was narrowing because of the cars gridlocked for blocks. We told him that the buses rarely stay in their own lanes. We told him the buses NEVER yield to let us out of our driveways even when they'll be stuck at the same traffic light anyway. We've begged him to work with the schools on SCHOOL BUSES and to fix the shuttle timing to reduce the gridlock from parents dropping off and picking up their kids.
We've told him and told him about how frustrated drivers backed up interminably at the Embarcadero light are forming their OWN lanes yet Mr. Mello continues to ignore our pleas to fix the traffic light timing.
We've had TWO cars parked in front of our house hit by distracted drivers in broad daylight. About a month ago I was almost run down putting out the trash cans one evening by a frustrated driver trying to speed up to the light.
Fixing the traffic light timing would be a LOT more useful and a LOT less costly than the grandiose plans described here. Putting up more signage and painting the streets different colors will only contribute to the confusion and ugliness that's becoming Palo Alto.
The lanes on Middlefield are only too narrow for you if you are driving too fast! Slow down, turn off the cell phone, and pay attention!!!
The goal is to the cover the city with paint and signs. That's it. That is the motivation here.
enforcement, more police, but that is not even part of the discussion. This is all just part of the steep,drastic downward trajectory of the City.
from this diagram/picture Web Link it appears that there will be a two-way bicycle lane on the northeast (Jordan) side of Middlefield between California Avenue and California Avenue. I suspect this is being recommended/done because there is only one traffic light and therefore only one place for the Jordan students to cross safely. While I am willing to "give this a try", I am concerned that most drivers will be unprepared for cyclists approaching them on their right, and I am concerned that (student) cyclists will remain safely within their lane. The only (visual) separation I see are slim, vertical 'battens'. I suspect that the school will (need to) have teachers or aides or parents standing guard at school closure time, but what about other times of the day/week? Let's be careful out there.
ah, yes, the two bicycle lanes are also seen on California Avenue where it turns NE at Jordan school in this image Web Link. When school is getting out and students are bicycling there, cars turning right will (most likely) turn very slowly and block or slow traffic continuing on Middlefield.
Also, has the (adult) Bicycle Community been involved in this? Are adult bicyclists, who are normally used to riding in/with traffic, be likely to use this 'wrong side' bicycle lane? Or will they ride as 'vehicles'? And will that mean bicycles on the both sides of California and Middlefield?
Just more to be considered.
Signs: a former traffic manager owns or is connected to a sign company. The number of signs around town is becoming comical. How many can you read as you are driving?
Enforcement of all city rules and giveaways is almost non-existent. Just sounding good is all the City Manager is aiming for. They know they aren't going to enforce.
Just fix the timing of the Embarcadero/Middlefield light already and watch many of the problems disappear. Also fix the timing at Newell and Embarcadero since Embarcadero becomes effectively becomes one lane when traffic is backed up waiting to turn on Newell and cars off Middlefield and heading to 101 have NO place to go.
Also it would be nice if our traffic dept. talked to the traffic dept. of Menlo Park to discuss the backups caused by Menlo Park's decision to eliminate the right turn on red at Willow. Traffic doesn't exist in a vacuum.
Isn't 10 feet too narrow for buses?
Hasn't the City learned its lesson, due to changing from 2 lines to one lane with turn lanes on Charleston between El Camino and Foothill and caused horrendous traffic backups.
Previous to eliminated the second lane, It was possible to traverse that section of Charleston without difficulty. Since they eliminated the second lane it impossible to traverse that section of Charleston at commute hours. Thus, many traverse Los Altos Avenue to get to Foothill.
Five Coats, they want to have a clearly visible green bike lane just in case a Gunn student gets hit.
Their rationale is preventing worst case scenarios.
However, in reality, 5% of traffic at the Arastadero/Foothill intersection is bicycles. The rest is cars trying to get on 280.
Bicycles CANNOT replace most car trips so the concept of people being "encouraged" to ride bicycles if they only build infrastructure goes out the window.
So we have one congested lane and a mostly empty, unused green bike lane.
The proper solution is to open up BOTH Miranda lane and the old right turn lane so cars can get on Foothill smoothly without a pointless, unused green bike lane in the way.w Wthout the gridlock, Gunn students would be much safer and learn to share the road -- instead of being isolated on a green bike lane flanked by walls of congested traffic.
But again, the bureaucrats in office have this crude belief that cars are inherently evil. We are being ruled by medieval do-gooders instead of true leaders who actually use logic and common sense.
If liberals want fairness & equality than why are bicyclists being treated as superior to motorists?
Artificial congestion makes people drive more dangerously.
"No Emforcement wrote "Signs: a former traffic manager owns or is connected to a sign company. The number of signs around town is becoming comical. How many can you read as you are driving?"
I added that that the same former traffic manager was awarded a contract to synchronize our traffic light timing upon leaving his post and cited the amount of that contract -- which is a matter of public record -- so I'm not sure why the moderator deleted it.
I urge all of us to refer the City Council to this discussion since opinion of the plans seems to be pretty unanimous.
The geniuses who thought of this also brought you the turn lanes off Oregon Expressway. Five minutes to wait for a left turn light on Ross during the week. Nice job....did you go to Berkeley?
If this is done then emergency response times will significantly increase.
these days, but no fire engine has to drive just in one lane.
these days, but no fire engine has to drive just in one lane."
Really? MPFPD fire engines frequently take 20 minutes to get from Middlefield to 101 on Willow Road because there is insufficient room for them to get through traffic during peak travel times.
When you reduce the number of lanes on major city streets you force the traffic into the residential areas. I am now learning how to cross town consistent with the traffic lights on the major cross streets going through the residential areas which I am sure is not appreciated by the residents who now have more cars in their area. You are not "calming" anything here - you are creating disruption on the intended use of the major roads to cross town.
As to the bikers why don't they use the residential streets to cross town?
This is like a bunch of people who are trying to justify their jobs by creating chaos and using double speak in the process to accomplish it.
lets mess up the traffic, choke the main arteries and then blame all the businesses so we can tax them.
While having smarter light timing is always beneficial the main cause of traffic congestion ion MIddlefield is due to the ridiculously slow work on 101.
Bob Gleason's right about how the slow work on 101 is pushing people onto roads like Middlefield.
When traffic's totally gridlocked, cars can't move over since there's no place for them to go until the cars around them move over. Just watch ambulances and fire engines trying to get through the Embarcadero / Town & Country gridlock trying to get to /from Stanford Hospital (or wherever).
So how will narrowing lanes help anything? It just reduces the size of the shoulders.
Peter Carpenter is absolutely right when he says "Really? MPFPD fire engines frequently take 20 minutes to get from Middlefield to 101 on Willow Road because there is insufficient room for them to get through traffic during peak travel times."
In fact the Menlo Park Fire Chief blamed a recent death on 101 to their failure to reach the victim in time He's quite outspoken on the dangers of congestion and gridlock and whenever I read his quotes, I wonder what our transportation folks think.
So where does the city think the traffic will go when Middlefield's under construction? Waverly? Cowper? El Camino?
And thinking more about fire engines, does it really make sense to expand the fire house at Embarcadero and Newell?
I checked the Photosimulation provided in the link. You can see exactly what they're planning.
The two-way bike lane is a bizarre, unnecessary waste of space because Jordan students ride their bikes straight into campus, they don't ride up Middlefield and then make a right onto N. California to get to Jordan.
And I've never seen a two-bike lane like that, just really strange and inexplicable.
But the real problem is that a northbound vehicle waiting to make a left onto N. California (or southbound making a left onto Garland) will completely hold up traffic because drivers can't use the shoulder to get around them... because now there is a fancy RAIL cordoning off the double-bike-lane so drivers can't go over these bike lanes, even if they're completely clear. So this intersection is now completely hostile to cars.
It seems like there is moral preening going on. They focus on the perceived "safety" of Jordan students while utterly ignoring everything else.
Oh the children! Think of the children! But the children!!!
This is just make-work by some of our useless city staff who need to feel like they are actually doing something!
When is this construction supposed to happen?
I've asked the workers who've been working on the Middlefield driveway curb cuts for the last month and all they know is it's going to happen on "some" Saturday. Perhaps our community outreach folks could reach out with some tangible info instead of just preaching to us about conservation etc.
I will echo some of the comments here. The PA planning dept lead by Josh Mello, has an extensive list of traffic 'calming' measure in their toolbox that it would seem, they are simply dying to deploy around town. Just like the 'improvements' destined to wreck havoc on the Bryant Bike route, which has been a huge success for decades, Josh et. all are determined to leave their mark by making changes, where there is no data I'm aware of, to substantiate any of the justifications used to peddle the cure. As indicated by others, and words in the article, there do not appear to be any data, no numbers, to justify any changes. It appears that testing happens after the changes to Bryant and Middlefield, of course, long after millions have been spent, enver to be seen again.
With respect to Bryant, I still ask, does Josh, or anyone in the transportation dept bike commute to work? How about bike commute on Bryant? How about ride a bike anywhere? And this is where the expert decision making comes from?
With respect to Middlefield, the lanes are pretty crowded already, as pointed out. If traffic moves too quickly between a good number of blocks, how about a stop sign?! I imagine one could literally appear overnight, and not cost millions.
Show some data demonstrating the problem, and the cure may be self evident. Fixing a problem with speculative remedies, simply because you can, is a fools errand.
Peter Carpenter, why do you persist in making arguments that do not apply?
-- MPFPD fire engines frequently take 20 minutes to get from Middlefield to 101 on Willow Road because there is insufficient room for them to get through traffic during peak travel times.
enough room that if all cars pull over a firetruck can get through the middle.
Willow Road is a terrible design, and it would be a terrible design to narrow Middlefield Road too.
1) it takes time for all the cars to move over to clear a path for the firetruck IF they have room to pull over given the congestion.
3) Where are the cars packed 3 abreast backed at intersections up going to go? Into people's driveways like I witnessed just a few days ago.
Neither car had anywhere to go. All the backed up drivers waited politely for the two drivers to figure out where and how to exchange their info without going through the intersection.
The driver of the car in the right lane that was rammed tried a few times to get out of his car and then realized the lanes were so close together he could't open his drivers door. The "rammer" almost slammed into the car on the right AGAIN while the driver was trying to open the door. The "rammer" then cut it off AGAIN when it abruptly turned into the driveway in front of the 1st car almost slamming into the resident's car parked in the driveway!
We were backed up for 4 light cycles watching this Keystone Kops episode.
"Peter Carpenter, why do you persist in making arguments that do not apply?"
3 - Because in my opinion as someone directly involved with the fire service the proposed narrowing of Middlefield has the potential for causing significant delays in emergency response times.
It is also relevant to note that Willow Rd between Middlefield and 101 use to be 4 lanes and it was "narrowed" by parking, bulb outs, bike lanes etc and now it is virtually impassable by emergency vehicles during rush hours - which means from 7-10 AM and 4-7 PM.
There is no reason to believe that the same will not happen to a narrowed Middlefield.
Middlefield's gridlock times are MUCH worse than "7-10 AM and 4-7 PM" because you have two schools and a community center due to school pick and drop-off times which have practically eliminated the window to get out of our drivways to 10-11 and 3:30-4 depending on school hours.
At LEAST fix the shuttle schedules which should be under Mr. Mello's department and have the City Council and School Boards start working together on the school buses.
with cars parking on it. If people do not pull over that is not unique to Middlefield.
is an invalid comparison. Where were you then PC?
or ever redesigned to be an expressway. Middlefield is not El Camino, or Oregon.
a specific location, especially when it is not valid.
"There is no reason to believe that the same [bad stuff] will not happen to a narrowed Middlefield."
Yes there is. Middlefield is 2-lanes in Atherton, and everything works fine.
Middle and High school students do NOT ride in a single file. The idea of bike lanes that operated side by side (with bikes going in both directions next to each other, like cars) will result in collisions. Drive down Newell, North California (the Old Palo Alto portion), Kingsley in Professorville or Bryant in Old Palo Alto after school and you will see students riding 2, 3 or 4 across, chatting and occasionally texting.
My sister lives in Willow Glen, where they have reduced Lincoln AVE, the main drag of the area, two one narrow lane in each direction.
OUTWARDLY, it looks like a success, because there are now fewer cars and more bikes on Lincoln.
TRUTHFULLY, it has been a disaster for people who live on the surrounding streets, because that is where the traffic goes now, to get around the slow bottleneck that is now Luncoln Avenue! Residents are VERY fearful for their children when the new school year starts, and many feel it is now u safe for their kids to bike ride to school-- and will DRIVE them, instead!
The unintended consequences have been counterproductive, because traffic does not just disappear. Walking, biking, public transit are all too slow in this speeded-up, impatient, high tech society in which everyone is rushed and sleep deprived. Cars are still the fastest way to get from point to point, so they simply re- route, per Waze.
This two way bike path is something I find amazingly bad, particularly in relation to school kids.
Presumably, there will be a morning commute for the bikes in the direction to the school bike racks, and presumably an afternoon commute for the bikes in the direction away for the bike racks. My assumption is therefore that even if these are two way paths, the school kids will be riding on both sides in the same direction rather than it be a two way path. What will happen if a lone bike with nothing to do with the school commute wants to go in the opposite direction. I foresee big problems with this idea.
" There are always places to pull over for Emergency vehicles on Middlefield,"
That will no longer to true if Middlefield is narrowed. Menlo Park did not intend to turn Willow Road into an obstacle course for emergency vehicles but that was the direct result of narrowing Willow Road.
Of course one can simply ignore experience of others and insist on making one's own mistakes.
"Middlefield is 2-lanes in Atherton, and everything works fine."
Simply because no parking is allowed, there are no bulb-outs and there is ample room on the shoulders to pull over to yield to emergency vehicles.
I think it's time for Josh Mello to go. It's interesting to look at his background on the NACTO website - it states that his expertise is in "urban environments," which should raise the hackles of the residentialists. His bio screams that he has a "cyclist" agenda.
He's like the Manchurian Candidate for Critical Mass - trying to make it so painful to drive that everyone must adopt bicycling.
The whole point of city planning is to lay out a city grid that gets people across and through town on major highways and roads that bypass the residential areas that are in between the major roads. All of the "calming" to date has moved people off the major roads into the residential areas which is counter-productive.
Many comments on Willow - all of those "bulbs" sticking out looks like accidents waiting to happen - cross Willow off as a major road.
Charleston has been reduced in number of lanes - this used to be a major road but is now choked in traffic at major commute times of day pushing people into the residential areas.
Did city planning go down the drain somewhere? Why is it being targeted by a bunch of "city planners" who think they are being productive by disrupting the city grid.
If you want to do something useful put in a left hand turn lane on Charleston onto Fabian. There is now a lot of traffic going onto Fabian for both work and apartments.
"The whole point of city planning is to lay out a city grid that gets people across and through town on major highways and roads that bypass the residential areas that are in between the major roads."
Way too late for that in this town, which was planned before there was auto traffic. But there is nothing wrong with distributing the traffic burden equitably, and much to say in its favor. Like, nobody gets all smug that traffic is somebody else's problem. There is real incentive to work together on solutions.
The real solution is to eliminate the reduction of lanes on the major city roads so that traffic can move effectively though town. It was thought out by very bright people so leave it as originally planned. And yes we had cars for a long time in California - cars are not new.
Having safe bike routes does not mean turning every street into a shared bike/car accident-in-waiting. Let's enhance the less car-traveled bike routes to make them world class and leave streets like El Camino and Middlefield to cars & busses. And please, bikes, get off of Alma where there is no bike lane and take a safer alternative!
I think that narrowing the lanes on Middlefield is a very bad idea. The road is already pretty congested, what with people parking on both sides and the extra traffic during the beginning and end of school days. Regarding the two-way bike lane, it is already difficult enough to get bikers to use the correct side of the road, and having two-way bike traffic will only be confusing and unexpected for drivers and bikers alike. Keeping the speed down to 25 mph is unrealistic as cars already travel at 40 mph, and will only irritate the faster drivers making them more likely to make unsafe maneuvers. Having more lights/crossing zones activated by pedestrians would make it safer for them to cross and slow down traffic.
Why can't there be extra traffic enforcement by police to ticket the speeders? This proposed project is unsafe for all and a waste of money which could be better spent repairing the roads. There doesn't seem to be much common sense these days at city hall.
I oppose these periodic odd schemes for the significant roads in Palo Alto.
We need some method of moving auto traffic across the city, if you think of the city in a sort of grid with hatch-marks, then it does NOT make sense to narrow, remove lanes, put in sudden bulbs or little roundabouts or speed humps, etc. on those roads. Every so often on the "grid"of the city we need major roads so autos can get across and onward without crazy backups.
I appreciate the reality that this city has a lot of schools, and that is a consideration. But distances are great enough that we cannot prioritize bicycling over effective and efficient mass movement of autos. Sorry.
Over-painting of roads and excessive signage become distractions.
Considerations for emergency vehicles must be carefully included in the discussion.
Meantime, I sincerely wish drivers, bikers, and walkers would get off their cellphones while moving about in public. Stop in a safe place: park the car, pull over if on a bike, step aside if walking and THEN check out your phone.
Then maybe we would all be a lot safer.
I went to the community meeting. I heard -- Traffic on Middlefield is so hectic and out of control that residents of Middlefield could not contemplate parking their cars on the opposite side of the street. "Crossing the street is too dangerous, don't make us do that!"
So this plan tries to reduce speeds, and reduce chaos. Painting the narrow lanes is just an attempt to induce drivers to go slower. All the space is still there. Now you know the secret. Other aspects will make it difficult to zip around on the right side of left turning cars. Sorry if that is your mode. Except for at N. California, no lanes are removed. The changes may make the Embarcadero/Middlefield intersection work more efficiently, which would reduce delay.
Outside of the N. California jog, there is nothing for bicyclists here. Cyclists should be very brave and highly visible.
It's illegal to go into the bike lane to go around a car that is waiting to turn.
Cars turning right are supposed to drive into the bike lane when the line breaks (prior to the corner). Cars are not supposed to drive to the corner, then turn right. They are supposed to already be in the bike lane prior to reaching the corner.
Some of the worst drivers around Jordan are the parents of Stratford students because they are coming from out of town, hurriedly dropping off their kids before work. They speed and drive recklessly around the Jordan children. PAUSD should force them to change their schedule to start at 8:30 so they don't conflict with the 8:10 Jordan arrival time.
Robert Neff, it's crucial for drivers to be able to "zip" around left turners at N. California. They are currently able to do so and there hasn't been an accident at this junction. Taking this away will ensure that Oregon/Middlefield intersection gets needlessly congested every day. Don't you understand traffic flow???
I agree that residents should be able to cross the street. A crosswalk at Seale is all we need here. Low-cost, common sense solution.
10 feet is too narrow for many vehicles: Fire, (UPS/FedEx size)Delivery Vans, Hummers, RV's, which are 8' wide at the BODY <tip: Clearance lights are required by the FED on these sized vehicles> .
The CVC REQUIRED mirrors extend further to each side.
Did I mention the 'Crown'?
That tilts the top of taller vehicles over the curb line.
@SteveU, haven't taken my measuring tape to it, but I believe the VTA Gilligs are 8 foot 6, plus mirrors. CVC35100 (specifically 35106 and 35109) allows 102 inches plus 10 inches on either side for mirrors. Also want to measure the northbound Middlefield lanes at Oregon. Looks like 5 lanes are crammed into 45 feet. Do the math. Amusing to watch drivers scatter when the VTA #35 muscles through. No wonder VTA considers eliminating that route.
So where is our expensive community outreach to tell us when this is going to happen?
PLEASE write to the City Council -- [email protected] -- and refer them to this topic so they can see by the number of comments how outraged we are at these expensive and poorly thought-out-plans that will only increase congestion.
Also tell them to respond to the comments here if they really want to reach out instead of just patting themselves on the backs that they have community outreach. | 2019-04-22T20:29:55Z | https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2016/07/01/narrower-lanes-on-middlefield-road-could-slow-traffic-improve-safety |
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In case you go training immediately just before eating then you are going to find the positive aspects of taking walks several times throughout the working day and also you can also get the advantage of offsetting artery harm that taking in can easily instill. What the most of individuals usually tend to overlook, on the other hand, is at this time there are a lot of advantages and advantages of getting muscular, besides simple counter. Successful persons are constantly searching for opportunities to support others. The secret of further is concealed your everyday routine. As you walk more generally you are likely to look as in the event you happen to be making progress and that is going to keep you strolling every single single day time, multiple times per day well into the future.
Jobs and do the job environments employing high-involvement actions provide people with autonomy, learning opportunities, so this means, purpose, and a means to raise and get ahead, as well as a choice of benefits for the specialist also. Firstly it could certainly not be possible for just about every BO or perhaps company owner to currently have their own shop. Home based businesses may be very effort, so a feeling of joy is a vital element in your achievement recipe. The organization is just among the fastest-growing finance firms inside the nation. Other sorts of businesses forked out millions of dollars to find the best logo money can buy. Companies, however, generally only have a concise information on their particular provider on the leading page and you simply need to be an associate to find the rest of the web-site. To get instance, because a firm is definitely exporting their whole result, the increased degree of demand in home doesn’t matter.
Emotional intelligence is important for human life, since it is helpful to understand, appreciate and control emotions. Friendly brains is the ability to make use of emotional intellect in sociable conditions. Not enough interaction likewise triggered a deficiency of close or friendly romance amidst the subscribers of the group. The idea of new and old money is hard designed for the typical contemporary subscriber to understand. Anytime someone comes up with an idea, irrespective of what it might seem of it at first, encourage someone to give it a try on a bit of in scale to see whether it performs. You will find distinctive concepts out there, and a sentence in some other brief content or a book could be the major you must proceed farther than you’ve ever before gone ahead of. There are several great achieve that. Inside my own mind, you can never carry out enough your kids. It’s conceivable so you might receive a feeling of completely different methods a control may get. The need of secureness offers to become realized before the specific can receive the genuine sense of owed.
Learning actually attained simply by chance. Finding out how to encourage and affect definitely will produce the difference between hoping to experience a better money and creating a better profit. The should certainly fulfill individual potential comes after physical and societal ones are fulfilled. The demand with respect to self actualization comes after all of those other necessities happen to be achieved. Possibly actually sordid early morning persons identify their reason levels grow due to the fact soon simply because they acquire started, no matter how they noticed earlier in the day. Furthermore, practicing the speech is just one of the very best ways to raised communication skills overall. Simply put, it features ever recently been viewed as a great capability to have interaction successfully with other persons. Superhuman abilities are moreover a consequence of simple fact worry. If the person interprets this individual is certainly not what this individual wishes to get, he is extra prepared to get driven to engage in activities that take him closer to his perfect home.
Inspiration is important just for self-improvement. It is not necessarily a new principle to most of us. In fact, this now is a vital instrument to get the goals, desired goals and goals of the firm obtained. In cases where nothing else, looking at invariably winners it’s a delightful way to boost determination. Motivation is a significant stage of getting. Whenever poor inspiration is created, you may possibly need to measure the company whole type of management. Wonderful teamwork will help your self-improvement. As mentioned quick, advantages can drop worth seeing that time goes by. Your repay would not must to cost you a good offer. A prosperous encourage and acceptance program truly does not need to come to be complicated or expensive to work.
If you happen to go performing exercises immediately ahead of eating then you certainly are going to find the positive aspects of jogging several instances through the working day and you can also find the advantage of offsetting artery destruction that feeding on can certainly instill. What the majority of individuals tend to overlook, however, is presently there are a lot of positive aspects and advantages of becoming muscular, besides simple mirror. Successful folks are constantly trying to find opportunities to help other folks. The secret of further is hidden in your every day regimen. Because you walk more typically you are going to look as in the event that you will be making progress and that is going to keep you going for walks every single time, multiple times per day very well into the future.
Careers and work environments using high-involvement activities provide people with autonomy, learning opportunities, meaning, purpose, and a means to increase and get ahead, as well as a collection of benefits to the provider too. First of all it would not really come to be possible for each and every BO or company owner to include their own store. Work at home businesses may be very first work, thus a sensation of humor is actually a vital ingredient in your success recipe. The business is just among the fastest-growing finance firms inside the nation. Several other businesses have paid millions of dollars for top level logo money can acquire. Firms, even so, generally only have a concise description on their enterprise upon the entrance page and you simply need to be a member to find the remainder of the website. Just for instance, if a firm is usually exporting their whole output, the substantial degree of demand in home will not matter.
Mental intelligence is very important for human being life, since it is helpful to understand, appreciate and take care of thoughts. Social cleverness is the ability to employ mental thinking ability in public instances. Lousy connection likewise generated a lack of close or perhaps friendly marriage amidst the associates of the group. The idea of new and old funds is hard with respect to the popular modern readership to know. When someone comes up with an understanding, no matter of what you might think of it primarily, encourage someone to give this a make an effort over a minimal degree to see whether it functions. There are distinctive recommendations out there, and a sentence in your essay in another short content or a book could possibly be the answer you must proceed farther than you’ve at any time gone before. There are several reasons to achieve that. Inside my personal mind, one could never carry out enough for the kids. It’s possible if you want to get a feeling of several techniques a exchange punches might head out. The need of security comes with to end up being attained prior to the person can receive the genuine feeling of belonging.
Learning definitely attained by simply chance. Discovering how to convince and affect definitely will produce the difference among hoping to own a better salary and having a better salary. The will need to fulfill individual potential uses physical and societal types are attained. The demand to get self actualization comes following other needs will be attained. Even genuinely undesirable early morning people discover their reason amounts grow being soon when they receive started, no matter how they was feeling earlier in the day. Furthermore, practicing the speech is just one of the very best ways to raised communication abilities overall. Simply, it offers ever been considered as a capability to socialize effectively with other persons. Superhuman expertise are in addition a consequence of certainty anxiety. If the person thinks this individual is not what he wishes to become, he is definitely more inclined to get driven to take part in actions that bring him deeper to his perfect do it yourself.
Inspiration is important meant for self-improvement. Not necessarily a new theory to virtually all individuals. On fact, this now is a essential program to get the endeavors, desired goals and objectives of the company realized. In the event nothing else, looking at those who win it’s a fantastic way to boost determination. Inspiration is a significant detail of doing well. If perhaps poor inspiration is settled, you might need to examine the organization’s whole kind of management. Wonderful teamwork can assist your self-improvement. As mentioned previous, incentives can easily drop worth simply because time passes. Your prize doesn’t need to have to cost you a good deal. A booming compensate and recognition software does indeed not want to become complicated or expensive to work.
In case you go exercising immediately before eating then you are going to find the positive aspects of walking several conditions through the evening therefore you could also get the advantage of offsetting artery damage that eating can easily instill. What the most of individuals have a tendency to overlook, even so, is now there are a lot of positive aspects and positive aspects of becoming muscular, besides simple pride. Successful folks are constantly searching for opportunities to help other folks. The trick of making it is concealed your everyday routine. Since you walk more often you are likely to think as if you happen to be making improvement and that is going to keep you taking walks just about every single time, many times per day very well into the future.
Careers and job environments by using high-involvement actions provide people with autonomy, learning opportunities, so this means, purpose, and a means to increase and get ahead, as well as a array of rewards for the supplier as well. Firstly it may well certainly not become possible for every single BO or company owner to have got their particular store. Home based businesses may be exceptionally diligence, thus a sensation of wit is an essential element in your accomplishment recipe. The organization is just among the fastest-growing finance firms in the nation. Several other businesses forked out millions of dollars for top level logo money can pay for. Firms, on the other hand, generally just simply have a concise description on the firm on the leading page therefore you need to be an associate to see the remainder of the web-site. To get instance, every time a firm is without question exporting the whole result, the superior degree of demand at home is not going to matter.
Emotional intelligence is important for human being life, since it is helpful to see, appreciate and control emotions. Sociable brains is the ability to make use of emotional mind in interpersonal situations. Not enough interaction as well generated a lack of close or perhaps friendly romance among the associates of the group. The idea of new and old money is hard to get the common modern audience to know. When someone comes up with an understanding, irrespective of what you could think of it originally, encourage someone to give this a try over a small increase to see whether it performs. You will find different suggestions away there, and a phrase in another short content or a reserve could be the key point you should proceed farther than you’ve ever before gone ahead of. There happen to be several good achieve that. Inside my own mind, one could never perform enough for them. It’s practical so you might obtain a feeling of different methods a commercial might move. The need of reliability seems to have to always be accomplished prior to the individual can receive the genuine being of belonging.
Learning isn’t very attained by simply chance. Discovering how to persuade and effect can produce the difference among hoping to have a better salary and having a better income. The will need to fulfill specific potential uses physical and societal types are accomplished. The demand designed for self actualization comes following the rest of the necessities happen to be completed. Also genuinely bad early morning persons identify their motivation levels go up as soon mainly because they will obtain started, regardless of they was feeling earlier in the day. Furthermore, practicing the speech is just one of the best ways to higher communication expertise overall. Basically, it possesses ever been seen as a great ability to work together successfully with other persons. Superhuman possibilities are furthermore a consequence of simple fact strain. Whether a person interprets he is certainly not what he wishes being, he is certainly considerably more willing being stimulated to take part in activities that bring him nearer to his perfect home.
Inspiration is important designed for self-improvement. It isn’t a new principle to virtually all of us. In fact, this now serves as a vital device to get the endeavors, goals and aims associated with a corporation realized. If not more than that, searching at winning trades it’s a great approach to boost determination. Determination is a significant matter of coming. Any time poor inspiration is settled, you could possibly need to examine the business’ whole type of management. Great teamwork can help your self-improvement. As mentioned premature, incentives can easily drop worth when time goes. Your repay would not need to cost you a good package. A prosperous pay back and acknowledgement program does indeed not will need to be complicated or expensive to work.
If you happen to go doing exercises immediately just before eating then you certainly are going to get the positive aspects of taking walks several times through the day and you can also find the advantage of offsetting artery damage that eating can instill. What the most individuals usually tend to overlook, on the other hand, is right now there are several advantages and advantages of getting muscular, besides simple self-importance. Successful individuals are constantly searching for opportunities to help other folks. The trick of further is hidden in your everyday routine. When you walk more frequently you can come to feel as if you are making progress and that is going to keep you jogging every single daytime, many times per day very well into the future.
Jobs and do the job environments making use of high-involvement actions provide people who have autonomy, learning opportunities, meaning, purpose, and a means to raise and succeed, as good as a range of benefits to the supplier too. First of all it will not really end up being possible for every single BO or perhaps company owner to contain their own store. Home-based businesses could be unbelievably hard work, as a consequence a sensation of sense of humor may be a vital element in your achievement recipe. The business is just among the fastest-growing financial services firms in the nation. Other sorts of businesses forked out millions of dollars to find the best logo funds can get. Firms, however, generally simply have a concise description on all their company on the entry page and you need to be an associate to see the remainder of the site. For the purpose of instance, each time a firm is undoubtedly exporting it is whole end result, the large degree of demand by home will not matter.
Emotional intelligence is important for individual life, since it is helpful to see, figure out and manage feelings. Public brains is the ability to make use of mental intelligence in public circumstances. Insufficient connection as well resulted in a deficiency of close or friendly marriage among the associates of the group. The concept of new and old funds is hard for the purpose of the typical modern day person who reads to know. When an individual comes up with a preview, regardless of what you could think of it initially, encourage anyone to give that a try over a bit of degree to see whether it performs. You will discover numerous concepts away there, and a word in an alternative brief document or maybe a book could be the key you should choose farther than you’ve ever gone before. There are several reasons to achieve that. Inside my own mind, one could never perform enough for these people. It’s practical that you acquire a sense of several ways a job may travel. The need of protection includes to end up being satisfied just before the person can receive the original being of belonging.
Learning actually attained by simply chance. Finding out how to encourage and affect definitely will make the difference between hoping to experience a better profits and having a better salary. The should certainly fulfill specific potential comes after physical and societal kinds are satisfied. The demand for the purpose of self actualization comes after the rest of the requirements happen to be satisfied. Possibly genuinely foul early morning people identify their reason levels grow seeing as soon when they get started, regardless of how they sensed earlier inside the day. Furthermore, practicing your speech is just one of the very best ways to better communication skills overall. Simply, it provides ever been considered as a great ability to work together effectively with other persons. Superhuman credentials are likewise a consequence of reality anxiousness. If the person interprets he is not really what he wishes to become, he is considerably more predisposed to be prompted to join activities that deliver him closer to his perfect home.
Determination is important meant for self-improvement. It isn’t a new idea to virtually all people. In fact, this now serves as a vital tool to get the endeavors, goals and targets of the firm attained. In cases where not more than that, looking at invariably winners it’s a amazing method to further improve inspiration. Motivation is a significant factor of following. Whenever poor determination is created, you may possibly need to measure the company whole kind of management. Great teamwork can help your self-improvement. As explained premature, advantages can drop benefit because time goes over. Your encourage does not need to cost a good deal. A booming prize and acceptance plan truly does not need to end up being complicated or perhaps expensive to work.
If you happen to go working out immediately ahead of eating then you definitely are going to find the positive aspects of walking several occasions through the day time therefore you could also get the advantage of offsetting artery damage that taking can easily inflict. What the most individuals have a tendency to overlook, even so, is right now there are several advantages and positive aspects of becoming muscular, besides simple self-importance. Successful persons are constantly looking for opportunities to help others. The secret of thriving is concealed your each day routine. Simply because you walk more often you can come to feel as whenever you happen to be making improvement and that is going to keep you strolling just about every single working day, multiple times per day very well into the future.
Jobs and do the job environments taking on high-involvement activities provide individuals with autonomy, learning opportunities, meaning, purpose, and a means to raise and get ahead, as well as a array of rewards towards the company too. First of all it would not really come to be possible for every single BO or perhaps company owner to contain their particular store. Work from home businesses may be unbelievably work, as a result a feeling of laughter is mostly an essential component in your success recipe. The business enterprise is just among the fastest-growing financial services firms inside the nation. Other sorts of businesses have paid millions of dollars for top level logo money can purchase. Firms, however, generally just simply have a concise description on all their organization upon the front side page and also you need to be an associate to find the remainder of the website. For the purpose of instance, every time a firm is going to be exporting the whole productivity, the increased degree of demand at home does not matter.
Psychological intelligence is important for individual life, because it is helpful to perceive, understand and control thoughts. Public brains is the ability to make use of psychological intellect in interpersonal circumstances. Substandard communication also triggered a lack of close or perhaps friendly relationship amidst the affiliates of the group. The concept of new and old cash is hard for the standard modern readership to know. When someone comes up with a preview, no matter of what you might think of it in the beginning, encourage anyone to give it a make an effort on a tiny basis to see if it functions. You will discover several tips away there, and a post title in a further brief content or possibly a book could be the answer you should choose farther than you’ve ever before gone prior to. There will be several good achieve that. Inside my personal mind, you can actually never do enough to them. It’s practical so you might obtain a feeling of different methods a change could choose. The need of reliability has to end up being connected with prior to the person can acquire the genuine sense of owed.
Learning isn’t really attained by chance. Finding out how to convince and influence can make the difference among hoping to own a better income and getting a better cash. The should certainly fulfill specific potential comes after physical and societal kinds are met. The demand just for self actualization comes after the rest of the requirements will be fulfilled. Possibly seriously awful morning people discover their reason levels grow as soon simply because they acquire started, regardless of how they thought earlier in the day. Furthermore, practicing your speech is merely one of the most effective ways to better communication skills overall. Simply, it provides ever recently been viewed as a great capacity to interact effectively with other persons. Superhuman skill sets are in the same way a consequence of simple fact stress and anxiety. If the person interprets he is not really what this individual wishes to become, he is definitely even more inclined to get enthusiastic to take part in actions that deliver him deeper to his perfect self applied.
Inspiration is necessary meant for self-improvement. It is not a new strategy to most people. On fact, that now serves as a essential program to get the endeavors, goals and goals associated with an institution obtained. Any time nothing else, looking at winners it’s a wonderful approach to enhance motivation. Motivation is a significant matter of succeeding. If perhaps poor determination is entrenched, you could need to examine the company whole form of management. Superb teamwork can help your self-improvement. As mentioned early, benefits may drop benefit seeing that time goes over. Your reward shouldn’t need to cost a good offer. A booming compensate and reputation software truly does not will need to come to be complicated or perhaps expensive to work.
In case you go training immediately before eating then you certainly are going to find the advantages of going for walks several conditions throughout the evening and you simply can also get the advantage of offsetting artery harm that eating can certainly instill. What the most of individuals tend to overlook, however, is right now there are a lot of advantages and positive aspects of being muscular, besides simple self-importance. Successful folks are constantly searching for opportunities to support others. The key of succeeding is hidden in your everyday workout. Simply because you walk more frequently you can expect to truly feel as any time you happen to be making progress and that is likely to keep you jogging every single working day, multiple times every day well into the future.
Jobs and job environments featuring high-involvement activities provide individuals with autonomy, learning opportunities, so this means, purpose, and a means to raise and succeed, as well as a choice of benefits to the service provider as well. Firstly may well not end up being possible for each and every BO or perhaps company owner to contain their particular shop. Home-based businesses may be unbelievably diligence, thus a sensation of joy may be an essential component in your success recipe. The business is just among the fastest-growing financial services firms in the nation. Other sorts of businesses paid millions of dollars for top level logo cash can pay for. Businesses, on the other hand, generally simply have a concise description on their very own company in the building page therefore you need to be a member to find the rest of the web page. For instance, because a firm is certainly exporting its whole end result, the large degree of demand in home fails to matter.
Mental intelligence is very important for human life, since it is helpful to understand, appreciate and deal with feelings. Public mind is the ability to use mental intelligence in sociable instances. Substandard communication also generated a deficiency of close or friendly romance among the associates of the group. The concept of new and old funds is hard with respect to the regular modern day reader to know. Whenever somebody comes up with a thought, irrespective of what you may think of it originally, encourage anyone to give it a try on the little scale to see if it functions. You will discover completely different options away there, and a term in a further brief content or maybe a reserve could possibly be the key you must choose farther than you’ve ever before gone just before. There happen to be several great achieve that. Inside my own mind, one could never do enough in their eyes. It’s likely for one to obtain a perception of different methods a trade could travel. The need of reliability comes with to end up being reached just before the individual can acquire the genuine feeling of belonging.
Learning merely attained simply by chance. Figuring out how to encourage and effect will certainly develop the difference between hoping to have a better salary and developing a better profit. The should fulfill individual potential comes after physical and societal types are fulfilled. The demand with respect to self actualization comes after all of those other desires are accomplished. Actually genuinely horrible morning hours persons find their reason amounts rise while soon while that they get started, regardless of they seemed earlier in the day. Furthermore, practicing the speech is just one of the best ways to raised communication expertise overall. Simply put, it has ever recently been viewed as a capability to work together properly with other people. Superhuman talents are similarly a consequence of actuality tension. If the person interprets this individual is not really what he wishes being, he is usually considerably more inclined to get enlightened to join activities that take him closer to his perfect personal.
Determination is necessary for the purpose of self-improvement. Not necessarily a new strategy to virtually all individuals. On fact, it now serves as a essential device to get the purposes, goals and goals of any company obtained. Any time nothing else, looking at winning trades it’s a terrific approach to improve determination. Inspiration is a significant phase of making it. Any time poor motivation is entrenched, you may well need to examine the business’ whole sort of management. Great teamwork will help your self-improvement. As stated earlier, benefits may drop worth since time travels. Your reward fails to need to to cost you a good offer. A prosperous rewards and attention software will not need to become complicated or expensive to work.
If you happen to go training immediately prior to eating then you definitely are going to get the advantages of walking several occasions through the working day therefore you may also find the advantage of offsetting artery damage that feeding on can certainly inflict. What the most individuals can overlook, even so, is right now there are a lot of positive aspects and advantages of becoming muscular, besides simple self-importance. Successful individuals are constantly trying to find opportunities to help others. The secret of coming is hidden in your every day workout. Since you walk more sometimes you can look as if you will be making improvement and that is likely to keep you strolling just about every single time, too many times per day well into the future.
Careers and do the job environments featuring high-involvement activities provide people with autonomy, learning opportunities, meaning, purpose, and a means to raise and succeed, as good as a collection of benefits towards the specialist too. First of all may well not be possible for every BO or company owner to currently have their particular store. Work at home businesses could be incredibly work, as a consequence a feeling of sense of humor is actually an essential ingredient in your achievement recipe. The company is just one of the fastest-growing finance firms in the nation. Other sorts of businesses paid millions of dollars to find the best logo funds can acquire. Companies, nevertheless, generally merely have a concise information on the business on the entrance page and also you need to be a part to find the rest of the internet site. Intended for instance, if your firm is exporting it is whole outcome, the huge degree of demand in home will not matter.
Psychological intelligence is important for human life, since it is helpful to see, understand and control thoughts. Social brains is the ability to make use of emotional mind in public situations. Lousy interaction likewise resulted in a deficiency of close or friendly romance amidst the users of the group. The thought of new and old money is hard meant for the common modern reader to understand. Whenever someone comes up with a concept, irrespective of what it might seem of it originally, encourage someone to give that a make an effort over a very little degree to see whether it performs. You will find distinct concepts away there, and a phrase in one more short content or possibly a reserve could be the major you must proceed farther than you’ve ever before gone before. There happen to be several great achieve that. Inside my personal mind, it is possible to never carry out enough for the kids. It’s practical for one to obtain a feeling of completely different methods a job may well choose. The need of reliability has got to be achieved ahead of the specific can obtain the genuine feeling of owed.
Learning isn’t attained by chance. Figuring out how to encourage and affect will certainly generate the difference between hoping to own a better income and using a better profit. The should certainly fulfill individual potential uses physical and societal kinds are accomplished. The demand for the purpose of self actualization comes following other preferences happen to be accomplished. Possibly really awful morning persons discover their reason amounts rise while soon seeing that they will obtain started, regardless of they thought earlier inside the day. Furthermore, practicing your speech is merely one of the best ways to raised communication abilities overall. Quite simply, it provides ever been viewed as an ability to socialize properly with other people. Superhuman abilities are in a similar fashion a consequence of certainty nervousness. If the person perceives this individual is certainly not what he wishes to become, he is normally extra likely to become driven to join activities that provide him nearer to his perfect self.
Inspiration is required just for self-improvement. It’s not a new concept to virtually all people. In fact, this now is a essential program to get the seeks, desired goals and objectives associated with a business realized. If nothing else, searching at winning trades it’s a amazing way to boost inspiration. Inspiration is a significant contributing factor of being successful. If perhaps poor determination is created, you may possibly need to measure the business’ whole type of management. Great teamwork can assist your self-improvement. As mentioned in the past, benefits can drop value while time goes by. The rewards is not going to need to cost you a good deal. A booming praise and status course does indeed not want to be complicated or perhaps expensive to work.
In case you go doing exercises immediately ahead of eating then you certainly are going to get the positive aspects of jogging several times through the day time therefore you may also find the advantage of offsetting artery destruction that eating can easily inflict. What the most of individuals tend to overlook, however, is presently there are a lot of advantages and positive aspects of becoming muscular, besides simple pride. Successful individuals are constantly searching for opportunities to help other folks. The key of being successful is concealed your day-to-day routine. While you walk more quite often you can expect to come to feel as in the event that you will be making progress and that is going to keep you strolling just about every single time, multiple times per day very well into the future.
Careers and work environments utilizing high-involvement actions provide people with autonomy, learning opportunities, interpretation, purpose, and a means to increase and succeed, as well as a choice of rewards for the corporation also. First of all may well certainly not become possible for every BO or company owner to have their particular store. Work at home businesses could be extremely work, thus a sensation of sense of humor may be an essential component in your success recipe. The business enterprise is just one of the fastest-growing finance firms inside the nation. Several other businesses have paid millions of dollars for top level logo cash can buy. Companies, nevertheless, usually merely have a concise description on their very own organization about the facade page and also you need to be an associate to see the rest of the internet site. For instance, each time a firm is exporting its whole outcome, the increased degree of demand by home fails to matter.
Mental intelligence is very important for real human life, since it is helpful to perceive, appreciate and deal with feelings. Community cleverness is the capacity to use psychological mind in interpersonal instances. Bad connection as well resulted in a deficiency of close or friendly relationship among the paid members of the group. Thinking about new and old money is hard for the purpose of the popular modern day audience to comprehend. Anytime somebody comes up with a good idea, irrespective of what you may think of it originally, encourage someone to give it a make an effort on the very little degree to see if it performs. You will discover distinctive choices away there, and a sentence in one more brief document or maybe a book could be the key element you must travel farther than you’ve ever gone ahead of. There are several good achieve that. Inside my mind, you can actually never carry out enough for them. It’s conceivable that you should get a feeling of several methods a investment may visit. The need of protection features to end up being realized just before the person can receive the original sensing of owed.
Learning isn’t really attained by simply chance. Discovering how to persuade and impact will certainly make the difference between hoping to contain a better cash flow and using a better cash flow. The ought to fulfill specific potential comes after physical and societal types are connected with. The demand pertaining to self actualization comes following the rest of the preferences happen to be satisfied. Even seriously dreadful early morning people track down their motivation amounts surge as soon seeing that they obtain started, regardless of how they sensed earlier inside the day. Furthermore, practicing your speech is just one of the finest ways to raised communication abilities overall. This means that, it features ever been considered as an ability to work together successfully with other people. Superhuman abilities are furthermore a consequence of truth stress and anxiety. If the person thinks he is not what this individual wishes to be, he is even more willing to get stimulated to take part in actions that carry him better to his perfect home.
Motivation is necessary pertaining to self-improvement. It isn’t a new strategy to most people. In fact, it now is a essential tool to get the goals, desired goals and goals of any corporation achieved. If not more than that, looking at winners it’s a great way to enhance determination. Determination is a significant factor of being successful. In the event that poor determination is created, you could possibly need to examine the company whole sort of management. Great teamwork can help your self-improvement. As explained quick, rewards can easily drop benefit when time goes. Your rewards does not need to cost you a good offer. A booming reward and realization course does indeed not need to be complicated or expensive to work.
If you happen to go working out immediately prior to eating then you definitely are going to get the advantages of going for walks several conditions through the day time and also you may also get the advantage of offsetting artery damage that eating can easily inflict. What the many individuals have a tendency to overlook, however, is at this time there are a lot of advantages and positive aspects of becoming muscular, besides simple pride. Successful people are constantly searching for opportunities to support others. The key of making it is hidden in your every day plan. Mainly because you walk more sometimes you are going to come to feel as if you are making improvement and that is likely to keep you strolling every single day time, many times per day well into the future.
Careers and do the job environments employing high-involvement activities provide people who have autonomy, learning opportunities, so this means, purpose, and a means to increase and get ahead, as good as a collection of benefits towards the professional as well. First of all it’d not be possible for each and every BO or company owner to possess their particular shop. Work from home businesses may be surprisingly diligence, as a result a sensation of laughter is actually a vital component in your accomplishment recipe. The business enterprise is just among the fastest-growing finance firms in the nation. Several other businesses forked out millions of dollars to find the best logo funds can get. Corporations, nevertheless, generally just have a concise information on their particular enterprise in the building page and you need to be an associate to see the rest of the web-site. Meant for instance, each time a firm is certainly exporting the whole output, the excessive degree of demand in home doesn’t matter.
Mental intelligence is very important for human life, since it is helpful to perceive, appreciate and deal with thoughts. Public thinking ability is the capacity to make use of psychological brains in cultural instances. Bad conversation as well triggered a deficiency of close or friendly romantic relationship amidst the individuals of the group. The idea of new and old cash is hard with regards to the usual modern day subscriber to know. When an individual comes up with a preview, irrespective of what you might think of it primarily, encourage anyone to give that a make an effort on a small increase to see whether it functions. There are several concepts away there, and a term in a second short article or possibly a book could possibly be the key you must get farther than you’ve at any time gone just before. There happen to be several good achieve that. Inside my mind, one could never perform enough on their behalf. It’s likely so that you can receive a feeling of completely different techniques a craft may move. The need of secureness comes with to end up being realized before the person can receive the genuine sense of owed.
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Tag Bionik is a biofertilizer product containing a mixture of most useful range of mycorrhizae (VAM) spores and propagules. It is recommended to apply along with required quantity of farm yard manure or oil cakes.
Tag Bionik contains a selected strains of most effective species of following mycorrhizae.
Mycorrhizae are so closely connected to the roots of plants that they are considered an extension of the root system. The extension of the effective root area of the plant, increase the absorption and translocation of immobile nutrients. Many elements like N, P, K, S, Zn, Ca, Mn & Cu is taken.The available Phosphorus concentration in the root zone is increased.
Increases biomass, production and yield.
Protects crop from harmful plant diseases and increase the resistance of plants.
Stress tolerance and better water retention capacity in soil.
Application can be made along with farmyard manure or compost or organic manure or soil.
Gold Bionik is a water soluble powder Biofertilizer formulation containing a mixture of most useful range of mycorrhizae (VAM) spores. It is recommended to apply through drip irrigation or as soil drench.
Gold Bionik contains a selected strains of most effective species of following mycorrhizae.
Mycorrhizae are so closely connected to the roots of plants that they are considered an extension of the root system. The extension of the effective root area of the plant, increase the absorption and translocation of immobile nutrients. Many elements like N, P, K, S, Zn, Ca, Mn & Cu is taken. The available Phosphorus concentration in the root zone is increased.
Suitable for seed treatment and application through drip irrigation system.
Nitrorich is a biofertilizer product containing Rhizobium, a bacterium, forming symbiotic relationship with leguminous crops. It colonizes plant cells within root nodules and converts atmospheric Nitrogen to NH4 form which is useful to the plants. Rhizobium fixes atmospheric nitrogen through root nodules.
Tropical Agrosystem offers 4 different crop specific formulations viz.
Crop specific Rhizobium, viz. Rhizobium for Soybean, Rhizobium for Groundnut, Rhizobium for Chickpea and Rhizobium for other leguminous crops.
Best suited for seed treatment.
Very high concentrated product with heavy load of Rhizobial spores.
Reduces chemical Nitrogen fertilizer dose by upto 25%.
10 gm for seeds required for 1 acre.
For seed treatment, mix 50 ml Biosticker (provided along with the product) in 500 ml water.
Finally add 10 gm of Nitrorich and thoroughly mix.
Slowly pour this solution and thoroughly mix with seeds required for one acre.
The treated seeds are shade dried for 30 minutes and are ready for sowing.
Crop specific Rhizobium, viz., Rhizobium for Soybean, Rhizobium for Groundnut, Rhizobium for Chickpea and Rhizobium for other leguminous crops.
Azotobat is a biofertilizer product containing Azotobacter chroococcum, a nitrogen fixing bacterium that fix molecular nitrogen from the atmosphere, releasing it in the form of ammonium ions into the soil, that are made available to the plants.
Contains virulent strain of Azotobacter chroococcum for efficient nitrogen fixing.
Very high concentrated product with heavy load of spores.
Reduces the requirement of chemical Nitrogen fertilizer dose by upto 25%.
Recommended on all the crops, except legumes.
Finally add 10 gm of Azotobat and thoroughly mix.
Phosphobat is a biofertilizer product containing highly efficient strain of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium) that grow and secrete organic acids, which dissolve unavailable phosphate in the soil into soluble form and make it available to the plants.
Contains virulent strain of Bacillus megaterium for efficient phosphorus solubilization.
Reduces the requirement of chemical Phosphate fertilizer dose by upto 25%.
Recommended on all the crops.
Finally add 10 gm of Phosphobat and thoroughly mix.
Spirobat is a biofertilizer product containing Azospirillum lipoferum, a nitrogen fixing bacterium that fix atmospheric nitrogen in the form of ammonium, that are made available to the plants.Biological nitrogen fixing process happens through assimilation of ammonium and the activity of nitrogenase.
Recommended on cereals, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits and plantation crops.
Finally add 10 gm of Spirobat and thoroughly mix.
Tag Topup is an effective organic plant growth booster based on consortium of agriculturally beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacterial microorganisms, microbial growth promoting hormones, etc., for boosting the plant growth and increasing crop productivity.
Product with high cell count, longer shelf life and greater protection against environment stresses.
Special product for boosting plant growth.
Reduces the dependency on chemical fertilizer to great extent.
Recommended on sugarcane and other graminaceous crop.
Do not mix Tag Topup with any chemical fertilizer or any chemical.
Tag Fillup is unique organic based agro product containing agriculturally beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacterial micro-organisms, organic plant nutrients, microbial growth promoting hormones, etc., for the restoration of biological fertility in soil.
Increased field efficiency and improve yield.
1 Lt / acre through drip irrigation or as soil drenching.
1 Lt / acre along with FYM or organic compost and apply at the time of planting.
Do not mix Tag Fillup with any chemical fertilizer or any chemical.
Improves overall growth and yield of the crops.
Increases rate of photosynthesis and reduces the intensity of chlorosis.
Compatible with chemical pesticides and fertilizers.
Significantly reduces the dependency on chemical fertilizer.
Eco friendly and certified organic product.
Tag Nano Phos is an innovative, first of its kind product that combines gluconated phosphorus fertilizer and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) '4G' Nano nutrient technologies.Tag Nano Phos is a unique proteino-lacto-gluconate formulation that helps to prevent and correct Phosphorus deficiency in the cultivated crops. It also reduces the intensity of chlorosis, withering in patches, formation of abnormal leaves, increases crop tolerance to diseases and boost growth.
Based on latest green technology.
Significantly reduces the dependency on chemical phosphorus fertilizer.
Accelerates photosynthesis that results in increased synthesis of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
Reduces the intensity of chlorosis.
Increases stress tolerance of plants.
Tag Nano Cal is an innovative, first of its kind product that combines gluconated fertilizers and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) '4G' Nano nutrient technologies. Tag Nano Cal is a unique proteino-lacto-gluconate formulation,containing bio-available calcium, magnesium, sulphur and all secondary nutrients.
Improves physiological activities of the plants.
Tag Nano Zinc is an innovative, first of its kind product that combines gluconated fertilizers and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) '4G' Nano nutrient technologies. Tag Nano Zinc is a unique proteino-lacto-gluconate formulation, formulated with organic and chelated Zinc, vitamins and probiotics.
Improves flower formation, fruit set and overall growth and yield of the crops.
Reduces the intensity of chlorosis and reduces withering in patches.
Taglife - V contains Trichoderma viride, an antagonistic fungus, effective against a wide range of seed and soil borne plant diseases. Taglife – V effectively controls wilt, root rot, dieback and fruit rot causing seed and soil borne plant pathogens like Sclerotium spp, Pythium spp, Phytophthora spp, Fusarium spp, Rhizoctonia spp, Sclerotinia spp and Ustilago spp. which infects different kinds of crops.
The product contains most virulent strain of T. viride.
Effective against wide range of soil and seed borne plant diseases.
Control tough to control plant pathogens like Fusarium, etc.
Does not leave any harmful residues in food product and soil.
Soil application can be done either as soil drenching or through broadcasting along with FYM / Soil.
Use Taglife - V for seed treatment as a prophylactic measure and apply in the field, immediately on appearance of disease symptoms in various crops, preferably late in the evenings for optimum efficacy.
Do not mix with chemical fungicides.
The product contains most virulent strain of T. harzianum.
Use Taglife - H for seed treatment as a prophylactic measure and apply in the field, immediately on appearance of disease symptoms in various crops, preferably late in the evenings for optimum efficacy.
Apply 7 days after application of chemical fungicides.
Tag Monas contains Pseudmonas fluorescens, an antagonistic bacteria, effective against a wide range of foliar, seed and soil borne plant diseases. It is antagonistic to foliar or rhizosphere plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Grows abundantly on host surface and acts as a shield, thus preventing penetration of nematodes inside plants.
The product contains most virulent strain which is effective against wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases in several crops.
It is recommended in wet land crop like Rice. It is capable of thriving well even in saline soils that is characteristic of Rice and millet growing areas.
Tag Monas is used in the control of leaf diseases. It is effectively utilized to control plant pathogenic organisms like Sarocladium, Pyricularia, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium, Pythium, Phytophthora, etc.
Safe to human, animals, non target organisms and environment.
No waiting period. Does not leave any residues in produce and in environment.
Tag Nema contains most virulent strain of Paecilomyces lilacinus, a nematophagous fungus, which is effective against nematodes like cyst nematodes, citrus nematode, burrowing nematode, reniform nematode, root knot nematodes, etc., infesting various crops.
The product contains most virulent strain of P. lilacinus.
Attack all stages of nematodes like egg, juvenile and adult.
Does not leave any residues in produce and in environment.
Tagveria contains most virulent strain of Beauveria bassiana, a broad spectrum entomopathogenic fungus, which is effective against various pests like aphids, hoppers, scales, beetles, grubs, termites, lepidopteran larvae, etc.
Tagveria contains most virulent strain of B. bassiana.
Compatible with chemical pesticides, except fungicides.
Best IPM tool for resistance management.
1 kilogram per acre with wetting agent (Kloud). Wetting agent improves the efficacy of the product.
Nasa is a granulated organic manure formulated with USA technology using a combination of plant growth promoting substances & organic essence in correct balance. It is used for increasing yield and quality of all kinds of crops including cereals, cotton, oilseeds, pulses vegetabes, fruit crops, plantation crops, etc.
Improves tolerance against stress conditions.
Safe to human being, animals, non-target organisms and environment.
1 – 2 Kg / acre.
Broadcast application along with FYM / Organic Manure / Fertilizers.
Rice, other cereals, vegetables, fruits, pulses coffee, tea, ornamentals and plantation crops.
Tag Bumper acts by binding soil particles with humus. With a higher cation exchange capacity, it helps retain nutrients and makes them available to plants. Tag Bumper improves the nutrient use efficiency of the treated plants and the recommended dose of fertilizer can be reduced to 80% of the recommendation.
Tag Bumper increases growth parameters such as tiller numbers / branches, panicle length / panicle numbers, buds and flowers, grain numbers and grain weight. Tag Bumper application induces profuse flowering and fruiting and also prevents flower and fruit drop.
Best product in the plant growth promoting products segment.
Induce profuse flowering and prevents dropping of flowers and fruits.
Better seed germination and increases yield significantly.
Improves nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and nutrient use efficiency.
Compatible with biopesticides, chemical pesticides and fertilizers.
Improves soil structure and soil aeration.
No waiting period. Does not leave any harmful residues in produce and in environment.
3 – 4 ml / water as foliar spray / soil drenching.
5 ml / Litre water for seed treatment.
1 lt / acre through drip irrigation system.
Tag Bumper can be applied through drip irrigation along with water soluble fertilizers. Due to high Cation Exchange Capacity, Tag Bumper helps to minimize scaling in drip lines.
Recommended on all the crops including Rice, other cereals, vegetables, fruits, pulses coffee, tea, ornamentals and plantation crops.
Super Power G is a naturally occurring organic soil conditioner. Super Power G in granular form is specifically designed for soil application, ensuring rapid action due to its high solubility in water.
(ii) Accelerating organic matter decomposition.
(iii) Increasing humus / carbon content.
Increases root mass, fruit yield and bio mass of the plant.
Improves uptake of macro and micro nutrients from the soil.
5 – 10 Kg / acre.
All kinds of crops including cereals, vegetables, fruits, pulses coffee, tea, ornamentals and plantation crops.
Agro Charger is a herbal, biodegradable organic crop growth enhancer transformed into Nano molecules, half the size of a DNA. The ultimate colloidal formulation based on the principle "Quantum Electro Mechanical Physics” and “Colloidal Technology".
Increases water use and nutrient use efficiency in treated plants.
Enhances the growth, crop hardiness and yield.
Improves plant resistance to cold weather.
No waiting period. Ecofriendly and safe.
15 – 20 days after the first application.
It can also be applied through drip irrigation.
Recommended for all the crops.
Tag Exotica is unique product containing concentrated extract of marine flora and fauna. It works at the energy centre of plant cells enabling them to hasten all critical metabolic and bio-chemical processes within the plant system, leading to rapid vegetative and reproductive growth of plants.
Treated plants develops great resistance to adverse stress conditions.
Increases yield significantly and better quality of end produce.
Foliar spray: 1 – 2 gm / Lt water.
Drip irrigation system: 250 – 500 gm / acre.
Recommended to use in a wide range of crops such as cotton, paddy, vegetables, plantation crops,oilseeds, pulses, horticultural crops such as grapes, banana, citrus, pomegranate, etc.
Humacid (Humic acid) comes from vegetation deposits that have heated up,compacted and slowly carbonized to become coal. This natural process exuded acids and esters from the vegetation on top of the coal (Leonardite) deposits.
Humacid is a growth stimulant and a chelating agent.
Humacid increases a plant's tolerance for drought.
Humacid increases sugar and chlorophyll content in the plant.
Humacid is non-toxic and completely natural.
Seed Treatment : 5-10 ml / kg of seed use 10-15 ml / l kg for small seeded crops.
Seedling Root Treatment : 20-25 ml / litre of water. Dip the seedling root for sufficient time before transplanting.
Foliar Application : 1-2 ml / litre water using knapsack sprayers . 2-4 ml of / liter of water using power sprayers.
Drip Irrigation : 1- 2 litre / acre.
Humacid can be safely used on all Field Crops, Fruit Crops, Plantation Crops, Vegetable Crops, Ornamentals, Lawns, Turf grass and House plants. In short, Humacid can benefit almost anything which grows.
Tropicana increases flowering, fruit setting and yield.
Tropicana stimulates metabolic processes and energizes the plant system.
Tropicana promotes the uptake of nutrients both during vegetative and reproduction growth stages of the plant.
Tropicana boosts flowering and improves uniform grain development.
Foliar spray : 250- 500 ml / ac.
Cotton, Paddy, Vegetables, Tea, Coffee, Grapes, horticultural crops.
Tag Bio contains 100% natural and enriched organic biostimulant.
Tag Bio helps to increase the yield and quality of produce.
Increases the uptake of nutrients.
Enhances the growth of micro-organisms.
Tagzyme is a liquid extract of the fastest growing seaweed in the world - Ecklonia maxima. Tagzyme is the only extract produced from the "Cold Cell Burst Method”. This method simply ruptures the cell walls releasing vital plant hormones without any denaturing.
Tagzyme promotes a larger and more vigorous root system.
Tagzyme helps crops recover from stress situations.
Tagzyme encourages strong stem cell development, reducing lodging of cereal crops and head drop in flower crops.
Tagzyme reduces senescence in many leaf crops.
Tagzyme promotes plant growth, development of buds and fruiting.
Foliar spray : 200 ml / ac. 1 - 2 ml / Lt water.
Cotton, Paddy, Vegetables, fruit crops, Tea, Coffee, Grapes, pulses, oilseed crops, wheat sugarcane, horticultural crops.
Tagzyme Granules is combination of microbial metabolites such as proteins, protein hydrolyzates, amino acids, organic acids, enzymes, growth promoters and vitamins with complex chelated secondary metabolites and micronutrients.
Tagzyme Granules stimulates increased root growth.
Tagzyme Granules enhances photosynthesis by increasing plants chlorophyll.
Tagzyme Granules increases the uptake of natural and added minerals.
Tagzyme Granules improves the growth and yield of treated crops.
Tagzyme Granules is recommended @ 8 – 16 kg/ ac. This should be uniformly broadcasted all over the field.
: At the time of basal dose application.
: 30-50 days after sowing/ transplanting.
: 55-60 days after sowing/transplanting.
HOW TO APPLY TAGZYME GRANULES?
Apply near the root zone and mix well with the soil.
Irrigate the field after application of Tagzyme Granules.
Tagzyme Granules can be applied along with all chemical fertilizers and granular insecticides.
However, it should not be applied with growth retardants or weedicides.
Tag Tryple is 100% imported organic biostimulant of marine plant origin. Tag Tryple is a biostimulant which enhances growth and flowering in plants leading to increased yield.
2-3 spray applications of Tag Tryple at 20-25 days interval, during vegetative, flowering and fruiting phase of the crop is recommended.
Cotton, Paddy, Vegetables, Pulses, Oilseeds, Chillies, Tea, Coffee, Grapes, all Horticultural crops, Floriculture, etc.
Tag Folder contains proprietary formula of unique combination of metabolites. It has broad spectrum action against a wide range of sucking insect pests, mites and early instar leaf folder caterpillars. Tag Folder has synergistic relationship with all the commonly used insecticides and fungicides for plant protection. Mortality is observed from one day after spray and the effect is reasonably longer and continue to act against the target insects.
Compatible with chemical insecticides and fungicides. Also compatible with biological pesticides.
No waiting period. Does not leave any harmful residues.
Foliar spray : 3 – 4 ml / Litre water (or) 300 – 400 ml / acre, depending upon the severity of the pest incidence.
Tag Combo contains proprietary formula of unique combination of secondary metabolites. It has a broad spectrum action against a wide range of pests like sucking insect pests, mites,and caterpillars.
Tag Combo is first of it’s kind formulation which has promising action against a wide range of insect pests and mites. The water soluble nature of the formulation makes it more versatile and easy to apply as foliar spray, soil drench and through drip irrigation.
Tag Combo contains a unique combination of secondary metaboltes.
Compatible with chemical insecticides, but not fungicides. Synergistic action with chemical insecticides.
Foliar spray : 1 gm / Litre water (or) 70 – 100 gm / acre, depending upon the severity of the pest incidence.
Soil drenching : 1 gm / Litre water.
Tag Poly contains proprietary formula of unique combination of secondary metabolites It has broad spectrum action against a wide range of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. Tag Poly works by initiating and enhancing systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in treated plants against plant pathogens causing diseases in cultivated crops.
Tag Poly contains a unique combination of metabolites.
Compatible with chemical insecticides, but not chemical fungicdes.
Soil drenching @ 1 gm / Litre water.
Do not mix with chemical fungicdes.
Apply 7 days after application of chemical fungicdes.
Gama Flo contains proprietary formula of unique combination of metabolites. It has broad spectrum action against a wide range of soil borne problems like plant pathogens, nematodes and soil borne insects. Gama Flo works by initiating and modulating the natural immune system in treated plants and effectively protects the root zone and prevents all soil borne problems.
Effective for managing soil borne problems.
Soil drenching : 2 - 3 gm / Litre water (or) 250 gm / acre.
Seed treatment @ 2 - 3 gm / Kg seed.
Eco is an organic bio-input derived from botanical extracts. It contains vegetable alkaloids and other derivatives extracted from several medicinal plants for total crop care. Eco develops plant immune system to resist crop pests and diseases. Eco promotes vegetative growth in plants and increase the yield.
Eco provides total care to the plants.
Improves yield and protects crop against pests and diseases.
2 – 3 gm / Litre of water.
Can be applied as foliar spray or soil drench, once in 15 – 20 days, starting from 15 – 25 days after sowing / planting.
Agro Clean is an incredibly powerful, yet amazingly safe, next generation all natural bio-based (herbal) product, developed through recent advances in organic chemistry. Agro Clean is so powerful that it is able to disinfect plants and neutralizes insects, bacteria and fungi. Agro Clean is fundamentally an augmented bioremediation technology derived from a relatively new field of advanced materials science known as organic colloidal chemistry. Using a proprietary manufacturing process, renewable, sustainable plant and vegetable oils are blended to create a truly eco-friendly particle.
Agro Clean is useful against pests like whiteflies, mealybugs. scales, thrips and mites as well as bacterial and fungal plant pathogens.
Effective against sucking insect pests and mites.
Effective against bacterial and fungal plant pathogens.
Compatible with biopesticides and chemical pesticides.
4 in 1 Unique Granular Product.
Imparts immunity to plants against Nematodes, Soil borne Diseases and Termites.
Increases root and shoot growth and yield.
Vegetable crops like Tomato, Chillies, Brinjals, potato and other crops.
Second application at 50 % dose after 25 days .
1 to 2 kg per acre as basal application.
If required, second application at 25 days of transplanting.
Recommended to be applied as Basal at the time of sowing or transplanting. For best results apply before attack of insect pests and plant pathogens.
Crops like Garlic, Onion, Rice, Banana, Cumin, Tomato, Chillies, Brinjals, potato, groundnut, carrot, cotton and other crops.
4 to 5 kg per acre as basal application.
If required, second application at 25 days of sowing / transplanting.
Tag Orbit functions as a plant protector by activating resistance mechanism in the plant against a wide variety of diseases like Powdery Mildew, Leaf spot, Leaf Blight, Fruit rot, Anthracnose, Blast, Sheath blight etc. Tag Orbit is recommended on a wide variety of crops like Grapes, Chillies, Tomato, Pomegranate, Rice, vegetables, Cereals, Oilseeds, Plantation crops etc.
Foliar spray: Dissolve 1-2 gms per litre of water and spray uniformly to cover the plant surface thoroughly.
Tropical Agrosystem offers two formulations based on varied concentration of Azadirachtin viz.,1500 ppm (0.15%) and 10000 ppm (1%). Tag Neem works against insects as Antifeedant, Insect growth regulator (IGR), Oviposition deterrent, Repellent, Chitin synthesis inhibitor, Disrupt mating and sexual communication.
Increase effectiveness (synergism) of microbial biopesticides when used in combinations.
Broad spectrum botanical insecticide with multiple modes of action.
Does not leave any toxic residue in crop and in the environment.
Kloud is a best in class; proprietary, organo-modified trisiloxane based spreading and wetting agent. It is a tailor made, non-ionic surfactant, known for its super spreading (zippering effect) and high wetting and targeting action (cuticular penetration when used in all agricultural spray programmes.
Its inherent rainfastedness (tolerate rain after one hour of application) allows larger amount of active ingredient to penetrate plant cuticle even under adverse conditions, thus saving spray volumes.
Extremely versatile product which can be used as a tank-mix adjuvant to enhance the control of pests, diseases and weeds.
Kloud safeguards the performance of pesticides and foliar fertilizers.
Penetrates the dust covered surface of the target plants.
Wets and penetrates the waxy surface of weather-hardened plants.
Improves coverage when spray volumes are reduced.
Enhances the dissolution of solid formulations in the tank e.g. WG and WP.
Not phytotoxic to crops when used as directed.
50 - 100 ml / acre. (0.25 - 0.50 ml / Lt water).
Use as in-tank mix along with other agricultural inputs like agrochemicals, biological products, foliar fertilizers, etc.
Tank master belongs to latest class of customized surfactants, addition of which, enables very good adhesion of spray droplets of widely used crop protection agents, through zippering action,stomatal infiltration and rainfastening, on the leaf surface. Regular use of Tank Master in crop protection, will significantly add on to the efficiency of pesticide sprays through enhanced crop coverage with minimum spray mass at low cost.
Used as a tank-mix adjuvant to enhance the effectiveness of pesticides and foliar fertilizers.
Wets and penetrates the leaf cuticle through stomatal infiltration.
Tank Master safeguards the performance pesticides and foliar fertilizers.
50 ml / acre. (0.25 / Lt water).
Use as in-tank mix along with other agricultural inputs like agrochemicals, foliar fertilizers, etc.
Helper is a highly effective wetting agent, which increases the efficiency of your pesticide application through enhanced spreading and sticking activity.
Helper binds herbicides to plants after spray as a surfactant.
Helper penetrates the waxy coating of leaves on tough plants.
Helper provides better coverage without excessive runoff.
Helper improves the penetration of pesticides into the plant tissue.
Helper makes the spray droplets more uniform to improve coverage.
Mix required quantity of pesticide in water and stir well.
To this solution, add 0.5ml - 1.0 ml of Helper / lt of water.
Mix the solution thoroughly and pour into the spray tank and spray.
Propel is a digester which contains unique mixture of composting microbes for activating the composting process, comprising of microbial enzymes, cellulose, starch, phenol and lignin digesting microbes to degrade the farm residues. It can be used for preparation of compost from different kinds of agricultural waste, domestic waste, municipal solid waste, vegetable and garden waste, leaf waste and wood clippings.
The product contains most virulent strain of 8 different composting microbes.
Effective in digesting and composting any biodegradable wastes.
Make compost easy and faster.
Eco-friendly and safe to environment and non-target organisms.
One Lt of Propel is mixed with 20 Liter of 1 Kg jaggery solution. The container is closed tightly and kept for 2 days.
5L of the mixture per ton of the solid waste.
5L can be diluted with 200L water and applied uniformly to 1MT of Solid waste.
Application of Propel is to be made at 2 stages. First spray at the time of dumping and the second, after 15 days.
Make a heap of organic waste at 3 feet height and 3 feet breadth and convenient length depending upon the availability of the material.
Spray the above prepared mixture solution uniformly.
Phantom Gold+ contains 100% imported natural green technology product derived from organic manure. It helps in promoting both vegetative and reproductive growth in plants, resulting in higher yields.
Balanced combination of active ingredients to promote growth.
Enhances stomatal opening and chlorophyll synthesis.
Tagflower-n is a plant stimulant and yield booster containing 24 % w/w nitrobenzene with non toxic specialty surfactants for enhanced cell permeability. Tagflower-n facilitate transition phase from vegetative growth to flowering.
Foliar spray 2-3 ml/ L water.
Prevents / corrects micronutrient deficiencies.
Enhances size, weight and keeping quality of fruits and vegetables.
Available in 600 gm and 1200 gm LDPE pouches placed inside cartons.
Hexacon Super, containing Hexaconazole 5% SC as active ingredient, is a systemic fungicide with protective and curative action. Hexacon Super is effective for the control of many fungi, particularly Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. It is recommended for the control of powdery mildew of mango and sheath blight of rice.
Available in 100 ml, 250 ml. 500 ml, 1 Litre and 5 Litre HDPE containers.
Hexacon is a systemic fungicide with protective and curative action, effective for the control of many fungi, particularly Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. Hexacon is recommended for the control of Powdery mildew of grapes, pea and mango, Scab of apple, Blast and Sheath blight of rice, Tikka of groundnut and fruit and leaf spot of pomegranate.
Available in 100 ml, 250ml, 500 ml,1 Litre and 5 Litre Aluminum container and 20 Litre MS drums.
Mantram is a readymix combination fungicide containing Metiram 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% WG. Mantram is a broad spectrum fungicide recommended for the control of Late Blight, Early Blight, Downy Mildew and Anthracnose diseases in various vegetable and horticultural crops.
Available in 300 gm, 600 gm and 3 kg HDPE containers.
Pamper is a systemic fungicide containing the active ingredient, Difenconazole 25% EC. Tamper provides excellent action against diseases such as Apple Scab Sheath blight in Rice, Die back in Chilli etc. Pamper is taken up by the plant and acts on the fungal pathogen during penetration and haustoria formation. It stops the development of fungi by interfering with the biosynthesis of sterols in cell membranes. Tamper provides long-lasting preventive activity combined with curative and eradicant properties, fast uptake and good translaminar movement.
Available in 50 ml,100 ml, 250ml, 500 ml and 1 Liter HDPE bottles.
Revive is a very effective protective and curative fungicide. It has excellent broad spectrum activity and can be used for the control of a wide range of plant diseases.
Available in 20 gm, 50 gm, 100gm, 250 gm, 500gm and1 kg in Trilaminate pouches.
Tagmar 20-20 is a non-systemic antibiotic with fungicide action. It inhibits the enzyme trehalase which is very vital for the growth and activity of the fungal and bacterial pathogens. It also exhibits strong fungistatic activity against fungal pathogens. Tagmar 20 -20 is effective against several soil borne fungal diseases like Sheath blight of Rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani, vascular wilt in Tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum, bacterial diseases such as cabbage black rot and cabbage soft rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris, etc.
Available in 100ml, 250ml, 500ml,1Litre HDPE containers.
Tagmil 72% W.P. is a protectant fungicide containing a mixture of the systemic fungicide Metalaxyl and the contact fungicide Mancozeb. Tagmil contains 80 gm / kg. metalaxyl and 640 gm/kg. mancozeb. Tagmil ensures a double protection of the target plants during the period of active growth from the inside due to systemic activity of metalaxyl and from the outside due to contact activity of mancozeb.
Available in 100gm, 250gm, 500gm and 1 kg pouch inside cartons.
Tagmycin is a broad spectrum chemical bactericide which contains a combination of Streptomycin Sulphate + Tetracycline Hydrochloride 90:10 SP. It is recommended for selective control of bacterial disease of plants. Tagmycin is very effective when applied after the crop is infected and hence has good curative action against bacterial infection in plants.
Chillies and tomatoes Black Spot 6 g in 60 to 120 Lt. water 1st spray after 30 days of sowing 2nd spray 30 days after transplanting and 3rd spray at fruiting.
Potato Brown rot 6 g in 60 to 120 Lt. water Dip cut potato pieces for half an hour before planting. 1st spray 20 days after planting and 2nd spray after 15 days of 1st spray.
Cucumber Leaf Spot 6 g in 120 Lt. Spray 2 to 3 times at 15 days gap. First spray 30 days after sowing.
Cotton Angular leaf 6 g in spot & black arm 6gm in 60 Lt. water 6 gm in 120 Lt. water Soak 12-15 Kg. seed in the solution for at least two hours and then sow. Three sprays at twenty days gap. First spray 30 days of sowing.
Citrus Citrus Canker 6 g in Spray as soon as Canker spots are seen on the leaves & fruits.
Grapes sugarcane Mango Etc. Bacterial Disease 6 g in 60-120 Lt. water. In certain regions bacterial diseases are reported in these crops.
Tagron contains metalaxyl 35 WS as active ingredient. Tagron is a systemic, benzenoid seed dressing fungicide used specifically for the control of systemic downy mildew diseases. It is also very effective for the control of pre-emergent and post-emergent damping off diseases caused by Pythium and Phytophthora.
Tagstin is a systemic fungicide containing Carbendazim 50% WP. Tagstin controls a wide range of Ascomycetes, fungi imperfecti, numerous Basidiomycetes on cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, bananas, ornamentals, plantation crops, soybeans, tobacco, turf, vegetables, mushrooms and several other crops.
Available in 100 gm, 250 gm, 500 gm and 1 kg Trilaminate pouches.
Tagsul is a non-systemic contact and protectant fungicide with secondary acaricidal activity. Tagsul is used for control of brown rot, powdery mildew,scab, leafspot, mildew on roses and mites on several fruits and vegetables.
Crop Name Disease Name A.I (%/ gm ) Dosage / per Ha. Formulation ( gm ) Dosage / per Ha. Dilution in water (Litres) Dosage / per Ha.
Note: Sulphur is not recommended for application on sulphur "shy" vegetables e.g. cucurbits etc. Application of sulphur will be phytotoxic to certain variety of apples, pears and other fruits under high temperature conditions (85 deg F or 30 deg. C).
Available in 1 kg carton, 3 kg, 5 kg, 10 kg and 25 Kg LDPE bags.
Available in 25 gm, 50 gm, 60 gm, 100gm,120 gm and 250 gm, Trilaminate pouches.
Tagthene is a fungicide containing the active ingredient, dinocap 48% EC. Tagthene is a contact fungicide which provides both protective and curative activities against powdery mildews, fruit rots, stem rots, leaf spots, brown rots, etc, in a wide range of crops including pome fruits, citrus, vines, hops, ornamentals and berries. Dinocap inhibits germination of spores and growth of fungal mycelium. The degrardation of dinocap to nitrophenol is active against the fungi.
Available in 100ml, 250ml, 500 ml and 1 Liter Aluminum containers.
Tagzol is a triazole fungicide that has protective, curative and systemic activity. It is a foliar fungicide with broad range of activity against Powdery Mildew, Septoria Blotch, Eyespot, Rusts, Leaf scald, Leaf spot and Blister blight. Tagzol can be used on wheat, maize, rice, groundnut, soybean, tea, banana, coffee, sorghum, mushrooms and several other fruit and vegetable crops. During ergosterol biosynthesis, Tagzol prevents the formation of cell walls of disease causing fungi. This slows the growth of the fungus thus preventing further infection and invasion of host tissues by the fungus. Tagzol is considered as a good fungistatic or growth inhibiting fungicide.
Available in 100 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml, 1 Litre and 5 Litre in PET and Aluminum containers.
Talon is fungicide containing the active ingredient, dimethomorph 50% WP. It is a systemic protectant and an antisporulant fungicide belonging to the morpholine class.The mode of action of Talon is through inhibition of ergosterol synthesis. Ergosterol is the major sterol in most fungi which is essential for membrane structure and function.
Available in 100 gm and 200 gm trilaminate pouches placed inside cartons and 1 kg trilaminate pouches.
Temper is a systemic triazole fungicide containing Tebuconazole 25.9% EC as active ingredient. Temper is used as a foliar spray for the control of powdery mildew and fruit rot of chillies, leaf spot and rust diseases in Groundnut and sheath blight in Rice. Temper is a Preventive, Curative & Eradicative Action fungicide.
Zinthane is a protective fungicide which contains Mancozeb 75 % active Ingredient. Zinthane is used to prevent crop damage in the field and to protect harvested crops from deterioration in storage or transport. Zinthane is used to protect many fruit, vegetable, nut and field crops against a wide spectrum of diseases, including potato blight, leaf spot, scab (on apples and pears) and rust (on roses).
Crop Disease A.I (%/ gm ) Dosage /Ha. Formulation ( gm ) Dosage /Ha. Dilution in water (Litres) Dosage /Ha.
Name of Crop Name of the Weeds AI (kg) Dosage / per Ha. Formulation(kg) Dosage / per Ha. Dilution in water (Litres.) Dosage / per Ha. Waiting period in days Dosage / per Ha.
Available in 100 gm, 250 gm and 500 gm trilaminate pouches inside cartons.
Kaptan is a selective post-emergence herbicide containing a combination of Imazethapyr 35% + Imamox 35% WG. When Kaptan herbicide is applied early post-emergence, absorption may occur through both the roots and foliage. Susceptible weeds stop growing and eventually die. Kaptan acts by inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase ACCase. These chemicals block an enzyme called ACCase. This enzyme helps the formation of lipids in the roots of grass plants. Without lipids, susceptible weeds die.
Available in 40 gm, 100 gm HDPE bottle and 200 gm carton.
Kilharb is a soluble powder formulation containing 2,4-D, Sodium Salt technical. (2,4-D acid 80 % w/w ) Kilharb is effective against wide range of broadleaved weeds in crops like Sugarcane, Wheat and Grapes.
Wheat : Blanket spray 25-28 days after sowing.
Grapes : post – pruning during dormant periods as directed spray.
Available in 500 gm LDPE pouch in carton.
Available in 250 ml, 500 ml and 1 Litre tin containers.
Nova Super is a post emergent herbicide containing Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% w/w EC (9% w/v). Nova Super is a selective grass herbicide very useful for control of weeds in a wide range of crops. The mode of action of Nova Super is through inhibition of the synthesis of fatty acids in merstematic tissues.
Safal is a broad-spectrum, non-selective systemic herbicide containing Glyphosate 41% ai. It is useful on essentially all annual and perennial plants including grasses, sedges, broad-leaved weeds and woody plants. Safal can be used on non-cropland and among a great variety of crops. Safal is effective against annual and perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in tea.
Tea & non crop area:- Apply as directed spray when the weeds are young and actively growing.
Available in 250ml, 500ml,1 Litre, 5 Litre and 20 Litre HDPE containers.
Safal 71% SG is a non-selective, post-emergence herbicide for the control of annual, perennial, broadleaf and grassy weeds. Safal 71% SG, when applied to foliage reaches the roots and rhizomes of the plant by the process of translocation, thus destroying the weeds from below the plant. It is especially effective against the difficult to control weeds.
Tea & non crop area : Apply as directed spray when the weeds are young and actively growing.
Available in 100 gm and 1 Kg trilaminate pouches.
Tag Globe is a selective herbicide containing Oxyfluorfen as active ingredient 23.5% w/w. Tag Globe is a diphenyl-ether herbicide used for broad spectrum pre- and post-emergent control of annual broadleaf and grassy weeds in Rice, Tea, Potato, Onion and Groundnut and other field crops. Tag Globe kills weeds by destroying cell membranes within leaves and shoots.
Available in 50 ml, 100 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml and 1 Litre Aluminum bottles.
Tag Super is a post emergent Sulfonylurea herbicide containing Chlorimuron Ethyl 25% WP. Tag Super exhibits both contact and residual soil activity against many broad leaf weeds and sedges. Once taken up by a susceptible species, either through the foliage or the roots, the herbicide is rapidly translocated through the plant, inhibiting shoot and root growth of weeds. Susceptible weed plants will cease to grow immediately after post emergence treatment and are killed within 7-14 days.
TAGHIT is a selective pre-emergence broad spectrum herbicide with excellent action against annual grasses, sedges and broadleaved weeds. It contains 500g per litre of emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation.
Name of Crop Name of the Weeds AI (kg) Dosage / per Ha. Formulation(Litre) Dosage / per Ha. Dilution in water (Litres.) Dosage / per Ha. Waiting Period from last spray to harvest (days) Dosage / per Ha.
Available in 100 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml,1 Litre and 5 Litre PET bottles.
Tagpendi is a selective herbicide containing pendimethalin as active ingredient 30% w/w. Tagpendi is a dinitroaniline (DNA) herbicide that effectively controls a broad spectrum of annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in Wheat, Rice, Cotton, Soybean, Groundnut, Chillies, Onion and a wide range of other crops. The primary mode of action of Tagpendi is to stop plant cells dividing and elongating in susceptible species. Best control of target weeds is achieved by application to soil prior to germination and before weeds emerge. Weeds die shortly after germination or soon after emergence from the soil.
Name of Crop Name of the Weeds AI (kg) Dosage / per Ha. Formulation(Litre) Dosage / per Ha. Dilution in water (Litres.) Dosage / per Ha. Waiting period in days Dosage / per Ha.
Available in 250 ml, 500 ml, 1Litre and 5 Litre Tin containers.
Tagpyr is a herbicide based on the active ingredient Imazethapyr. It is recommended for use in Soybean and Groundnut for control of annual grasses and broad leaf weed. Tagpyr application causes a disruption in protein synthesis which, in turn, leads to an interference in DNA synthesis and cell growth. Tagpyr is applied early post emergence. Absorption may occur through both the roots and foliage of susceptible weeds which stop growing and eventually die. The weed killing activity of Tagpyr involves herbicide uptake by weed roots and rapid translocation to the growing points. Therefore, adequate soil moisture is important for optimum Tagpyr activity. Addition of a non-ionic surfactant and liquid fertilizer is essential for postemergence application, improving uptake of the product by weeds resulting in improved herbicidal activity.
Crop Common & Scientific Name of Weeds AI (gm) Dosage / per Ha. Formulation(ml) Dosage / per Ha. Dilution in water (Litres.) Dosage / per Ha. Waiting Period from last spray to harvest (days) Dosage / per Ha.
Tagyr should be applied as early post emergence application before the weeds reach the 3 true leaf stage.
Available in 250 ml, 500 ml and 1litre HDPE bottles.
Tagquit is a quartenary nitrogen herbicide containing Paraquat dichloride 24% SL widely used for weed control. It is a quick acting, non-selective compound, that destroys green plant tissue on contact and by translocation within the plant. Tagquit is also used as a crop desiccant and defoliant, and as an aquatic herbicide. Tagquit is inactivated on contact with soil.
Rubber (Post-emergence directed inter row application at 2-3 leaf stage of weeds) Digitaria sp., Eragrostis sp., Fimbristylis sp. 0.3-0.6 kg 1.5-2.5 600 N.A.
Rice [pre-plant (minimum tillage) before sowing/transplanting for controlling standing weeds] Echinochloa crusgalli, Cyperus iria, Ageratum conyzides, Commelina benghalensis, Marsilea quadriofoliata, Brachiaria mutica 0.3-0.8 kg 1.25-3.5 500 N.A.
Apple(Post-emergence directed inter row application at 2-3 leaf stage of weeds) Rosa moschata Rosa eglantaria Rubus ellipticus 0.75 kg 3.25 ltrs 700-1000 N.A.
Available in 250ml, 500ml, 1Litre, 5 Litre and 20 Litre HDPE containers.
Tagrip is selective herbicide containing Metsulfuron methyl 20% WP as active ingredient. Tagrip is a residual sulfonylurea compound used as a selective pre- and post emergence herbicide for broadleaf weeds and some annual grasses. It is a systemic compound with foliar and soil activity, and it works rapidly after it is taken up by the plant. Its mode of action is by inhibiting cell division in the shoots and roots of the plant, and it is biologically active at low use rates.
Available in 8 gm HDPE container with 200 ml surfactant in HDPE container inside carton.
Tagtaf is a herbicide containing Atrazine 50% WP as active ingredient. Tagtaf is a selective triazine herbicide used to control broadleaf and grassy weeds in corn, sorghum, sugarcane, pineapple and other crops. It is also used as a non-selective herbicide on non-cropped industrial lands and on fallow lands.
Maize : Immediately after sowing (pre-emergence). Sugarcane: Pre-emergence on weed free soil.
Available in 500 gm LDPE pouches in cartons.
Thunder is a pre emergence, selective, systemic herbicide containing the active ingredient, Butachlor 50% EC.Thunder belongs to the Chloroacetamid chemical family and its mode of action is through inhibition of cell division. Thunder is used to control germinating annual weeds, especially grasses. The primary mechanism of action is through interference with nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Thunder is absorbed primarily through germinating shoots and secondarily by roots. Translocated throughout the plant, with higher concentration in the vegetative parts than the reproductive parts.
Apply within 4 days after transplanting and in direct seeded rice 10-12 days after emergence of weeds.
Available in 500 ml,1 Litre and 5 Litre HDPE containers.
Thunder is a pre emergence, selective, systemic herbicide containing the active ingredient, Butachlor 50% EC. Thunder belongs to the Chloroacetamid chemical family and its mode of action is through inhibition of cell division. Thunder is used to control germinating annual weeds, especially grasses. The primary mechanism of action is through interference with nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Thunder is absorbed primarily through germinating shoots and secondarily by roots. Translocated throughout the plant, with higher concentration in the vegetative parts than the reproductive parts.
Available in 500 ml, 1 Liter and 5 Litre Tin containers.
Action 500 is an organophosporous insecticide containing Chlorpyrifos 50 %EC as active ingredient. Action 500 is a broad spectrum insecticide used to kill a wide variety of insects. Action 500 is effective in controlling cutworms, corn root worms, root grubs, flea beetles, caterpillars, etc. It is used as an insecticide on cereals, cotton, field, fruit, nut and vegetable crops, and well as on lawns and ornamental plants. Action 500 acts on pests primarily as a contact poison, with some action as a stomach poison.
Available in 50 ml,100 ml, 250ml,500ml,1 litre and 5 litres PET bottles.
Action 505 is an insecticide which is a combination of two active ingredients, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin. The former belongs to phosphorothioate group of organophosphorus pesticides and the later is a synthetic pyrethroid. Action 505 affects both the axonic and synaptic transmission of the nerve impulses in the insect nervous system. Action 505 is a broad spectrum contact and stomach poison, with fumigant action.
Available in 100ml, 250ml, 500ml, 1 Litre and 5 Litre PET bottles.
Action Super is a pyrethroid insecticide containing permethrin 25% EC. Action Super is a broad spectrum insecticide, used against a variety of pests, on fruit, vegetable, cotton, ornamental, mushroom, potato, and cereal crops. Action Super has both acute contact action and is also a stomach poison.
Available in 100 ml, 250ml, 500ml,1 Litre and 5 Litre PET bottles.
Bannerr is an insecticide containing Bifenthrin 10% EC, belonging to the pyrethroid group of insecticides. Bannerr is effective by contact or ingestion. Bannerr is a Type I pyrethroid that affects the central and peripheral nervous system by interfering with sodium channel gating.
Challenger 10 EC is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide containing 100gm (m/m) of cypermethrin as active ingredient per kilogram of formulated material. Challenger 10 EC is a contact action insecticide and has quick knock down action. It also acts as a stomach poison. Challenger is very effective for the control of a broad spectrum of sucking and caterpillar pests on a wide range of field, vegetables and horticultural crops.
Available in 50ml, 100 ml, 250ml, 500ml,1 Litre and 5 Litre PET bottles.
Challenger 25 is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide containing 250gm (m/m) of cypermethrin as active ingredient per kilogram of formulated material. Challenger 25 is a contact action insecticide and has quick knock down action. It also acts as a stomach poison. Challenger 25 is very effective for the control of a broad spectrum of sucking and caterpillar pests on a wide range of field, vegetable and horticultural crops.
Demand is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide containing Lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5% as active ingredient. Demand is used to control a wide range of pests in a variety of applications. Pests controlled include Jassids, beetles and caterpillars. Demand is a contact, residual and stomach acting insecticide with repellency properties.
Available in 100 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml, 1 Litre and 5 Litre PET bottles.
Divipan is an insecticide containing Dichlorvos ( DDVP ) as active ingredient. It is used to control agricultural, household, public health, and stored product insects. Divipan is effective against aphids, spider mites, caterpillars, thrips, and white flies in greenhouse, outdoor fruit, and vegetable crops. It acts against insects as a contact and a stomach poison and has fumigant action also.
Fast belongs to a novel class of insecticide and contains Cartap hydrochloride as active ingredient. Fast is a derivative of nereistoxin which is a naturally occurring insecticidal substance isolated from the marine segmented worms. Fast 50 SP is a systemic insecticide with contact and stomach poison activity. It is very effective for the control of chewing and sucking insects (particularly Lepidoptera and Coleoptera), on many crops, including rice, potatoes, cabbage and other vegetables, soybean, peanuts, sunflowers, maize, citrus fruit, ginger, tea, cotton, and sugar cane.
Available in 25 gm, 50gm,100gm, 250 gm, 500 gm and 1 Kg trilaminate pouches.
Fast 4 G belongs to a novel class of insecticide and contains Cartap hydrochloride as active ingredient. Fast is a derivative of nereistoxin which is a naturally occurring insecticidal substance isolated from the marine segmented worms. Fast 4G is a systemic insecticide very effective for the control of chewing and sucking insects (particularly Lepidoptera and Coleoptera), at almost all stages of development, on many crops, including rice, soybean, ginger and sugar cane.
Available in 1 kg and 5 kg LDPE bags with outer trilaminate pouches.
Helmet is an organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide that controls pests by systemic, contact, and fumigant action. It is used against sucking and chewing insects, leafhoppers, leafminers, mites, some nematodes and rootworms. Helmet is used in root and field crops, including rice, corn, cotton, coffee, some ornamental and herbaceous plants and bulbs.
Available in 1kg and 5 kg in trilaminate pouches.
Kargil is an insecticide containing the active ingredient Triazophos 40% EC. It has a broad spectrum of activity with quick knock down and residual toxicity against bollworms and whiteflies on cotton and stem borer, leaf folder green leaf hopper, hispa on rice. Kargil is a contact and stomach poison insecticide. It is non-systemic, but penetrates deeply into the plant tissues.
Available in 100 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml and 1 litre Tin and PET containers.
Macrophos is an organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide which has both strong systemic and contact action. Macrophos is used to control a variety of sucking, chewing and boring insects and spider mites on cotton, sugarcane, groundnut, ornamentals, and tobacco.
Warning: Banned for use on vegetables.
Available in 100ml, 250ml, 500ml,1Litre and 5 Litre HDPE containers.
Pataka is a foliar insecticide with acaricidal properties for use in cotton and several other crops. Pataka contains 400g Profenofos + 40g Cypermethrin per liter of emulsifiable concentrate formulation. The mixture of Profenofos + Cypermethrin has been found to be synergistic in activity especially against resistant Heliothis. Pataka provides good control of a range of lepidopterous pests as well as sucking pests like whiteflies, aphids, jassids and mites.
Available in 100 ml, 250ml, 500ml 1 Litre and 5 Litre PET containers.
Tag Command Super is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide containing Lambda-cyhalothrin 4.9 % CS. Tag Command Super is a capsule suspension formulation. The active ingredient is sealed in a tiny-thin walled capsule suspended in water and is released only when the spray deposit dries on the target pest and leaf surface. Tag Command Super offers reduced toxicity hazard while spraying, improved residual activity and environmental safety. It is recommended for the control of the rice stem borer and leaf folder and bollworms in cotton.
Available in 100ml, 250ml, 500ml and 1 liter HDPE Co-ex bottles.
Tag Command is an insecticide containing Lambdacyhalothrin 5% EC as active ingredient. Tag Command is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide used to control a wide range of pests in a variety of applications. Pests controlled include Jassids, beetles and caterpillars. Crops on which it may be applied include cotton, cereals, ornamentals, potatoes, vegetables or others. Tag Command is a contact, residual and stomach acting insecticide with repellency properties.
Available in100ml, 250ml, 500ml, 1 litre and 5 litre PET containers.
Tag Emboz is a selective insecticide containing the active ingredient Emamectin benzoate. Tag Emboz is second generation avermectin insecticide. The active ingredient in Tag Emboz is a semi-synthetic derivative of the avermectin family of naturally-derived products. Tag Emboz is an excellent insecticide for the control of caterpillar pests on a variety of crops. When sprayed on the plant, Tag Emboz quickly penetrates the leaf and remains within the tissues for a long time.
Available in 10 gm, 50 gm, 100 gm, 250 gm and 1 Kg HDPE bottles.
Acephate is an organophosphate foliar spray insecticide with contact action and residual systemic activity of about 10-15 days at the recommended use rate. It is used for control of a wide range of biting and sucking insects, especially aphids, including resistant species, in fruit, vegetables, horticulture and ornamentals (e.g. on roses and chrysanthemums grown outdoors). It also controls leaf miners, lepidopterous larvae, sawflies and thrips in the previously stated crops as well as turf and forestry.
Tag Agent is a highly effective, broad spectrum granular insecticide containing the active ingredient Fipronil. It has the potential value for control of a wide range of agricultural crops, public health, amenity and veterinary pests.Tag Agent is a member of a class of insecticides called phenyl pyrazoles. It works by disrupting the central nervous system of insects.
Available in 1 kg and 5 kg in LDPE bags with outer trilaminate pouches.
Available in 100ml, 250ml, 500ml,1Litre and 5Litre HDPE containers.
Tagban is an organophosporous insecticide containing Chlorpyrifos 20 %EC. Tagban is a broad spectrum insecticide used to kill a wide variety of insects. Tagban is effective in controlling cutworms, corn root worms, root grubs, flea beetles, caterpillars, etc. It is used as an insecticide on cereals, cotton, field, fruit, nut and vegetable crops, and well as on lawns and ornamental plants. Tagban acts on pests primarily as a contact poison, with some action as a stomach poison.
Available in 100ml, 250ml, 500 ml, 1litre and 5 litre PET bottles.
Tag Jiyo is a thiourea insecticide and miticide containing the active ingredient Diafenthiuron. Tag Jiyo is mainly used to prevent and kill white flies, Aphids, Thrips, Jassids and mites in a wide range of crops. Tag Jiyo has translaminar action on pests by killing insect pests on the lower surface of treated leaves. The mode of action of Tag Jiyo is through inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase.
Available in 500gm and 1 Kg Trilaminate pouches.
Tagmyre is a systemic insecticide containing Imidacloprid as the active ingredient. Tagmyre is a chloro-nicotinyl insecticide with soil, seed and foliar uses for the control of sucking insects including rice hoppers, aphids, thrips, whiteflies, termites, turf insects, soil insects and some beetles. Imidacloprid works by interfering with the transmission of stimuli in the insect nervous system. It is effective on contact and as stomach poison. Tagmyre 70% WG is an improved formulation of Imidacloprid.
Available in 30g, 75g and 150g HDPE bottles.
Tagnomite is a highly effective broad spectrum acaricide containing the active ingredient, Propargite. Tagnomite has two different modes of action on mites and hence there is no confirmed cases of resistance despite long years of usage. Due to the effectiveness on motile stages with very good persistence and fumigant effect at higher temperatures, newly emerged mites stop feeding and die soon after. Tagnomite can be recommended on a wide range of field and horticultural crops.
Available in 100 ml, 250ml, 500ml and 1 Litre HDPE bottles.
Tagpro is a foliar insecticide containing Profenofos 50% EC as active ingredient. Tagpro is a contact action and stomach poison insecticide. Tagpro has good ovicidal action especially against Heliothis and Spodoptera. Tagpro has excellent translaminar action and it rapidly penetrates into the plant tissues.
Available in 100 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml, 1 liter and 5 liter PET and Tin containers.
TAGRIDE is a soluble powder formulation containing 20% of the active ingredient acetamiprid. Tagride is a highly effective systemic insecticide for the control of Aphids, Jassids and Whiteflies in cotton.
Available in 20gm, 40 gm, 50gm, 100gm, 500 gm and 1 kg trilaminate pouches inside cartons.
Tagvoltage is an insecticide containing Buprofezin 25% SC as active ingredient. Tagvoltage is an insect growth regulator with thiadiazine structure, acting as chitin synthesis inhibitor. Chitin is an important component of insect's cuticle. Tagvoltage blocks the production of chitin. An insect poisoned by Tagvoltage cannot make chitin and so cannot molt. Because molting must take place for the insect to reach the adult stage. Eventually, the insect dies.
Available in 250 ml, 500 ml and 1 litre HDPE containers.
Tagxone is a foliar-applied insecticide containing the active ingredient thiamethoxam. Thiamethoxam is a second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide, belonging to the thianicotinyl subclass of chemistry and possessing unique chemical properties that result in excellent control of many sucking and chewing pests. Tagxone is used at very low rates and exhibits excellent translaminar movement into plant tissue. This movement results in part from the high water solubility and low partition coefficient of thiamethoxam. Tagxone interferes with a unique receptor site in the insect’s nervous system, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and is not known to be cross-resistant to any other insecticide classes.
Available in 100gm, 250 and 500 gm and 1 Kg HDPE bottles.
Thril is a highly active pyrethroid containing Alphacypermethrin 10% EC. It is a contact and stomach poison insecticide with good knock down action and long persistence against a wide range of caterpillar and sucking pests.
Available in 50 ml, 100ml, 250 ml, 500ml, 1 litre and 5 litre PET containers.
Tridelta is quick knock down action insecticide containing Deltamethrin 1% + Triazophos 35% EC. It is both a contact and stomach poison ready-mix insecticide with translaminar action. It is very effective for the control of major pests on Cotton, particularly, bollworms and whiteflies.
Tropical Magik 70 WS is systemic insecticide containing imidacloprid as active ingredient. It is a low toxicity seed dresser, systemically acting insecticide with a broad spectrum of activity for controlling sucking insects such as Aphids, Jassid, Whitefly, Thrips, Termites in cotton, Okra, Chillies and Sugarcane. When handled properly according to good agricultural practices it is suitable for use in Integrated Pest Management.
*Setts dip treatment with 0.10 to 0.150 kg of imidacloprid 70% WS in 100 litre of water.
Any small quantity of seed can be readily treated on the farm by mixing the proper amount of imidacloprid 70% WS and seed in closed mixing drum or a concrete mixer. Roll the seed until each grain is uniformly coated with the insecticide. Seed treatment on commercial basis can be carried out by specialized spectrum seed dressing equipment.
Available in 5 x 1 gm in HDPE bottle, 10 gm and 1 Kg pouches.
Tropical Magik Super is a powerful insecticide containing the active ingredient, Imidacloprid 30.5% SC. It belongs to the new chloronicotinyl group of insecticides.Tropical Magik Super has excellent systemic action against a wide range of sucking pests. Tropical Magik Super has both acute contact action and is also a stomach poison.
Tropical Magik is a systemic, chloro-nicotinyl insecticide with soil, seed and foliar uses for the control of sucking insects including rice hoppers, aphids, thrips, whiteflies, termites, turf insects, soil insects and some beetles. It is most commonly used on rice, cereal, maize, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets, fruit, cotton, hops and turf, and is especially systemic when used as a seed or soil treatment. Tropical Magik works by interfering with the transmission of stimuli in the insect nervous system. It is effective on contact and as stomach poison.
Available in 100ml, 250ml, 500ml,1 Litre HDPE containers.
Tag-Gibb is a plant growth regulator containing a mixture of Gibberellins. Tag- Gibb is an important plant hormone used to improve seed germination, plant growth and size. Tag-Gibb can also influence the timing of flowering, flower gender and flower size. The technical material is directly used in the field after suitable dilution.
Grape fruit At full bloom 500-1000 One directed spray 500-750 55-11.0 gm of 90% Gibberellic acid inh 10 Ltr. of water.
Grape At full bloom & fruit set 100 One directed spray 500-750 1.1 gm 90% of spray Gibberellic acid in 10 ltr. of water.
Grape (seed less) At full bloom & post bloom. 15-60 2 blanket spray 500-750 0.17-0.68 90% in gibberellic acid in 10 ltr. of water.
Grape fruit : At full bloom (for fruit set) week of 1st / may (for June fruit crop) week of 1st / Oct. for pre - harvest crop. Sweet cherry - When more than 60% buds opened fully.
Grape : Full bloom and fruit set Grapes (Seedless) .
b) Spray when 4 weeks old.
1 gm of Sodium Bicarbonate powder in a small LDPE pouch along with Tag-Gibb is supplied. Sodium Bicarbonate may first be dissolved in 1 Litre of water to form a solution. 1 gm of Tag-Gibb may be mixed in the in the above solution and used for treatment of the required crops, after preparing the necessary dilutions.
Tagpon 39 SL is a plant growth regulator. Its use varies with plant species, chemical concentration, and time of application. Tagpon regulates phases of plant growth and development by application to various growth sites. It is used on apples, barley, cherries, coffee, cotton, cucumbers, grapes, guava, ornamentals, peppers, pineapples, sugarcane, tobacco, tomatoes, walnuts, wheat, etc. Tagpon’s mode of action acts via liberation of ethylene, which is absorbed by the plant and interferes in the growth process. It is also used in the acceleration of ripening of fruits and vegetables.
Mango (for breaking alternate bearing tendencies) : First spray in mid October or early November total 5 spray at fortnightly interval.
Mango (for flower induction) : Commencing from early November total 5 spray at weekly interval.
Mango (post harvest treatment): Dip mature fruits in the solution for uniform ripening or spray.
Pineapple (for flower induction) : 30 - 37 leaf stage or 10 - 12 months. One spray.
Coffee (Arabica uniform ripening of berries ) & Coffee Robusta : Fly picking stage when 10 - 15% of berries are ripened one spray.
Tomato (post harvest treatment) : Fruits post harvest treatment. Dipping only or spray Rubber-- March, August, September, November (four application) brushing once in two months on the tapping cut of the bark.
Vishal is a natural organic product containing Triacontanol 0.1% EW. Vishal increases the yield of a number of crops like cotton, wheat, maize, paddy, bhendi, cucumber, cucurbits,coffee, tea, spices as well as tomato, potato and brinjal. Vishal stimulates photosynthesis and several enzyme activities that increase the sugar level in fruits.
Available in 100 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml, 1 Litre and 5 Litre HDPE containers. | 2019-04-23T13:50:59Z | http://www.tropicalagro.in/products.php |
This week on the blog, instead of writing about fitness and fashion, I feel compelled to write about fitness and how it relates to me personally. In sharing this with you it is my hope that you will see exercise and your relationship with your trainer as so much more than just a means to getting into a pair of pants or ready for a family reunion.
Life is not always sunshine and roses – you know that. A lifetime of ups and downs can sometimes leave you feeling beaten up and , sad and maybe like you have no sense of control. I know this has been the case for me, but as far as I can look back the one thing that has kept me from giving up has been exercise. In all seriousness, no matter what the crisis was, working out has always made me a stronger person physically and mentally and I always felt better after a workout. I felt so adamant about this that I was always encouraging friends, relatives etc. to use exercise as a tool to not only look better but to feel better. It eventually became clear to me that this was the career for me and frankly, I’m very good at what I do…. because I BELIEVE in what I do. As a trainer I want the best for my clients, I want them to succeed. I leave them feeling great and am happy for them ; high-fives all around! If they are having a bad day, working out with me will be a bright spot because they did something good for themselves and for that hour were in control of their life. When life is chaotic, that bit of control can be just enough to help someone get through the day. In fact, I believe in the exercise-client-trainer relationship so much I hired my own trainer. When I am finished working out with my trainer I feel accomplished, happy and….sweaty!!! All good things! And one of the best realizations is that There is a bond between trainer and client. Each person wants to do the best for the other. An inner strength can pop out of nowhere because you want to do your best and succeed, and that goes for both parties. Working out brings confidence and confidence can get you through a bevy of stressful situations, as I know all too well.
Time to get a little personal, and I’m not doing this to generate sympathy, I’m sharing this because my workouts, my trainer and that little slice of control has been THE thing that has helped me to keep my head up. This year has left me with 2 deceased dogs, a loss of a home and, oh yeah, a soon to be ex- husband….he somehow landed at the end of this sentence (wink wink) . I never saw this coming and there were many times I thought “How can I even work and encourage and be enthusiastic for my clients? How can I function without knowing where I will live and what will become of my life?” The truth is that my clients were the reason I got through it! My clients were my biggest supporters who made me feel important and worthy – I was helping them and that in turn helped me. And the decision to move my body every day, even when I didn’t want to get out of bed, helped me to make sense of what was happening. I was able to see the bigger picture. I took my tired self and started hiking again and getting stronger. A fire was lit and I made it work. I can thank my trainer and my clients for that (and of course my wonderful friends and colleagues). This is a work in progress, but I know for a fact that exercise will keep me on the right track. We have all faced adversity and will continue to do so, but the moral of this story is that if you believe in yourself and your abilities, you will be able to conquer the obstacles and that the best medicine is to take care of yourself by moving your body every single day. When you have a trainer in your corner you know that there is always going to be someone who does believe in you. When life is hitting you hard don’t run in the other direction, instead run through the obstacles! Keep moving and your head will clear and you will be able to make decisions. Speaking of running, we will talk sports bras soon !! HA And don’t forget to high-five your trainer!!!
Be sure to connect with us!
This entry was posted in Active, attitude, belief, Clients, Conditioning, core conditioning, Exercise, Fitness, Health, mens health, Personal training, Weight training, wellbeing, Wellness, womens health and tagged active, active lifestyles, activity, attiutude, belief, clients, commitment, conditioning, fitness, friendship, guidance, health, health and fitness, personal training, resolve, support, wellbeing, wellness on September 2, 2015 by FitnessPropelled.
Understanding what exactly is a TRX?, would be critical before attempting its’ exercises or passive range of motion stretches. Born in the Navy SEALs, Suspension Training (#TRX) bodyweight exercise develops strength, balance, flexibility and core stability simultaneously.
By utilizing your own bodyweight, the TRX Suspension Trainer provides greater performance and functionality than large exercise machines costing thousands of dollars, as it is all #Core all the time.
These 5 TRX stretches will change your outlook on stretching and not to mention, better prepare you for your workout.
Stand tall facing away from the anchor point, feet placed shoulders width apart. Right leg steps forward and left hand reaches high toward the right as to create torso rotation. Hold for 20 seconds. Return to standing and then repeat with the left leg and right arm.
Stand tall shoulders width apart, shoulders pulled back, chest out and hands placed palms down on the handles.
Depress and fall into your gluteus moving posteriorly as you create a hinge looking like a side laying V (>). Hold for 20 seconds. Return to standing.
Stand tall, slightly wider than shoulders width apart, shoulders pulled back, chest out and hands placed palms down on the handles.
Depress and fall forward to the anchor point hinging your lower back and torso, keeping the legs fully extended as to elongate the hamstrings and stretch the lower torso. Hold for 20 seconds. Return to standing.
Place your right leg on-top of your left knee line then lower into a squat. Feel a moderate pull on your hip flexors. Hold for 20 seconds. Return to standing and repeat with left leg on-top of your right knee line.
Stand facing besides the TRX strap. Be sure to check that your interlaced straps are secure.
With your right hand placed on the strap slowly lower down through the upper trunk and hips as you allow your shoulder blades to retract and open up the shoulder. Hold for 20 seconds. Repeat with the left hand.
This entry was posted in Clients, Exercise, Health, Health Tips, mens fitness, mens health, Stretching, Suspension Training, TRX, Wellness, womens fitness, womens health and tagged active, clients, exercise, fitness, Fitness propelled, health, health and fitness, health tips, mens health, stretching, Suspension Training, TRX, TRX Stretches, wellness, womens fitness on August 7, 2015 by FitnessPropelled.
Over the course of my career in fitness, it has become obvious to me the benefits that come from using a personal trainer, especially when it is combined with a proper nutrition plan. Clients lose fat, look better, feel healthier and have increased energy. As you can see from testimonials page, my clients also see that benefit.
While I see these benefits on a daily basis when working with clients, a recent study conducted by supplementcritique.com to gauge consumer perceptions of personal fitness trainers reinforces that. The study found that an overwhelming number of people are satisfied with their experience when they worked with a personal trainer. The survey, conducted in the United States, targeted consumers that currently workout at least three times a week.
83% of people that have used a personal trainer were satisfied with the results.
Of those surveyed, 56% of respondents who exercised three times or more per week stated that they had used the services of a personal trainer in the past. Of those that had used the services of a personal trainer as part of their workout regime, a whopping 83% were satisfied with the results, underlining the value that personal trainers bring to those looking to achieve their fitness goals.
Of those respondents that had not used a personal trainer in the past, there was a clear understanding of the benefit of using a personal trainer as evidenced by the fact that 68% of respondents believed that working with a personal trainer would help them reach their fitness goals.
Consumers were asked what the most important factors they would consider when hiring a personal trainer. 35% of respondents said that the experience of the personal trainer was the most important factor followed by 27% of people saying that personality and likeability were most important. 26% of respondents cited cost as being the most important factor they would consider when choosing a trainer to work with.
The study asked respondents what they thought was the education level of the average personal trainer. 61% of those surveyed believed that the average personal trainer has less than a college degree. 15% believed that the average education level was high school, while 46% believed that the average personal trainer had some college. 38% believed that the average personal trainer had obtained a college degree. I found this part of the study interesting as I have a B.S in Sports Management from ASU.
What is striking about this study is the satisfaction level that people have when they work with a personal trainer. Working with a personal trainer that you can connect with is far more likely to lead to you having success while also increasing your enjoyment level.
The study was conducted in April of 2015 in order to understand how personal trainers are perceived in the marketplace by consumers who make fitness a part of their daily lives. You can view the entire survey by clicking here.
they address your individual needs not lump you into a “program”.
Visit www.fitnesspropelled.com or simply give us a call @ 480-522-7874 with any questions on getting started with your own training program.
This entry was posted in Active, Clients, Cost, Exercise, fitness propelled, Fitness resources, Health, In-home personal training, mens fitness, mens health, Mobile personal training, Personal training, wellbeing, Wellness, womens fitness, womens health and tagged active, active lifestyles, activity, clients, commitment, education, fitness, fitness programs, fitnesspropelled, health, health and fitness, healthy lifestyles, hiring, mens health, personal training, wellbeing, wellness, womens fitness on July 22, 2015 by FitnessPropelled.
In our exploration of multiple pieces of equipment to use while adopting a more #Functional approach to training, medicine ball exercises are an excellent resource. Available in varying sizes and weights, these weighted spheres can help improve muscular power and sports performance. Medicine balls can be thrown and caught making for explosive movements that can improve overall athletic ability.
When choosing the correct medicine ball weight, pick a ball that is heavy enough to slow the motion, but not so heavy that control, accuracy, or range of motion loose control. Set a goal of 10 to 15 reps—or as many as you can do with good form.
Below are @fitnesspropelled 6 total body #MedicineBall exercises.
Stand with feet together shoulder width apart, holding a medicine ball in front of the chest in both hands. Lower down to a squat and on the return to a standing position reach the medicine ball straight overhead into a military press. Repeat.
Engage your core, standing hip width apart with shoulders relaxed. Holding a medicine ball a few inches in front of the chest, step forward into a lunge with the right leg. Extended arms, reach the medicine ball to the right, rotating the torso at the same time. Maintain the lunge and return to center. Come to standing, then lunge with the other leg (and rotate to the left this time).
Start into #High-plank with a medicine ball under one hand, and lower the chest toward the floor to perform a push-up. Return to #high-plank and roll the ball to the other hand. Repeat.
Find the nearest med ball-safe wall. Stand about 3 to 4 feet in front of it, holding a medicine ball with both hands. Get into an athletic stance, with a slight bend in the knees, and the core engaged. Bring the ball to the chest, and firmly throw it at the wall and catch the ball on its return. Repeat at a steady, yet quick pace.
Stand in a comfortable stance, with the core engaged. Hold a medicine ball in both hands with the arms extended overhead, inner arms grazing the ears Bend the elbows, lowering the ball behind the head until the arms form a 45-degree angle. Squeeze the triceps to straighten the arms, bringing the ball back to the starting position. Repeat.
Sit on a gym mat holding a medicine ball in both hands. To start hold the medicine ball out in front of you with straight arms. Twist the torso to the left and then to the right, reaching and planting the medicine ball on the floor toward each hips side. Repeat.
This entry was posted in Abdominal Exercises, athletic conditioning, Clients, Conditioning, core, core conditioning, Core Exercises, Exercise, exercises for women, Fitness, fitness propelled, Health, medicine ball, mens fitness, mens health, squats, Wellness, womens fitness, womens health and tagged Ab exercises, Abdomen, Abdomen exercises, ABS, active, active lifestyles, activity, athletic conditioning, clients, conditioning, core conditioning, exercise, exercise samples, exercises, exercises for women, extreme conditioning, fitness, Fitness propelled, ladies exercises, MedicineBall, mens health, womens fitness on June 4, 2015 by FitnessPropelled.
With a flat platform on one side and a rubber dome on the other (resembling half an exercise ball), it can help you improve your balance and flexibility, sharpen your reflexes, and reshape your body.
In the eighth video of our series of abdominal exercises on the #Bosu balance trainer, this video emphasizes the incorporation of supine stability exercises paired with an abdominal isotonic exercise .
This entry was posted in abdomen, Abdominal Exercises, BOSU, bosu ball, Bosu Ball Exercises, Clients, core, core conditioning, Core Exercises, Exercise, exercises for women, Fitness, fitness propelled, mens fitness, mens health, six pack abs, womens fitness, womens health and tagged Ab exercises, Abdomen, Abdomen exercises, ABS, active, active lifestyles, activity, athletic conditioning, BOSU, bosu ball, clients, conditioning, core, core conditioning, core work, exercise, exercise samples, exercises, Exercsie, fitness, Fitness propelled, Stability on May 19, 2015 by FitnessPropelled.
Exercising options and varieties have never been more full of options. Creating new and diversified exercise programs are becoming the norm as people are consistently seeking new ways to achieve their optimum levels of fitness. With all these options, comes exploration, so in this article let’s do a quick exploration on what #ViPR training is. #ViPR (“Vitality, performance and reconditioning”) is that rare thing: a seemingly faddy piece of equipment that actually works. “With the #ViPR, every exercise can become a core exercise, a balance exercise and an agility exercise,”. #ViPR is a round looking hollowed tube with two hand grips on one side and one long hand grip on the other. There are no attachments and it allows for optimum movement sequencing.
Below are Fitness Propelleds 5 #ViPR exercises to get you excited about including #ViPR training to your exercise regimen. 3 sets for 30 seconds per exercise with a 1 minute rest per set.
Holding the ViPR with a shovel grip horizontally in front of you, descend into a squat with the ViPR through your legs. Then, stand and drive the ViPR vertically upward to the start point. Repeat.
Holding the ViPR in a neutral grip, horizontally in front of you, descend into a full squat, lowering the ViPR to the floor. Stand up and step forward into a dynamic lunge, driving the ViPR forward on the same side. Return to standing and repeat the drive on the opposite side.
With a shoulder-width overhand grip, bring your elbows forward so your palms are facing upward and the ViPR is resting on your front shoulder muscles. With a neutral spine, lower yourself as if sitting in a chair behind you. Keep your elbows high as you lower until your thighs are parallel to the floor. Pause then push back up to a standing position and perform an overhead shoulder press.
Keeping your chest up high and back neutral, rotate your torso and then return to a upright split stance, repeating all reps on the same side before alternating legs.
Laying the ViPR on the floor vertically, place one hand on the end of the cylinder and one on the floor while in the plank position. Make sure to place the hands under the shoulders. Roll the ViPR underneath the opposite hand, hold again in the plank position for 10 seconds and then do one (super slow) press-up.
This entry was posted in athletic conditioning, Clients, Conditioning, Exercise, Fitness, fitness propelled, Fitness resources, Functional Exercise, Functional training, Health, Health Tips, mens fitness, mens health, ViPR, wellbeing, Wellness, womens fitness, womens health and tagged active, active lifestyles, activity, athletic conditioning, clients, commitment, conditioning, exercise, exercise samples, fitness, Fitness propelled, Functional exercise, Functional fitness, health, health and fitness, mens health, ViPR, weight training, wellness on May 5, 2015 by FitnessPropelled.
The use of #dumbbells is a fantastic way to train one’s body. Dumbbells provide us with an ease of use, open options on ranges of motion and a thorough workout. Dumbbell training puts us in positions to use our whole body and not become reliant on machines or circuit training. Using dumbbells engage the exerciser to connect with each exercise and focus on form, positioning and the development of strength. In this blog post, I share 5 dumbbell exercises that are sure to shape your “back”.
Complete 3 sets with 15 repetitions of the 5 exercises listed below with 1:00 minute rest periods between sets.
With a dumbbell in each hand (palms facing your torso), bend your knees slightly and bring your torso forward by bending at the waist; as you bend make sure to keep your back straight until it is almost parallel to the floor. The weights should hang directly in front of you as your arms hang perpendicular to the floor and your torso.
While keeping the torso stationary, lift the dumbbells to your side, keeping the elbows close to the body. At the top contracted position, squeeze the back muscles and hold for a second.
Slowly lower the weight again to the starting position. Repeat.
While keeping your back straight and maintaining the natural arch of your back, lean forward. Let the arms hang in front of you perpendicular to the ground. The palms of your hands should be facing each other and your torso should be parallel to the floor.
Keeping your torso forward and stationary, and the arms straight with a slight bend at the elbows, lift the dumbbells straight to the side until both arms are parallel to the floor.
After a one second contraction at the top, slowly lower the dumbbells back to the starting position. Repeat.
Place two dumbbells on the floor about shoulder width apart. Position yourself on your toes and your hands as though you were doing a pushup, with the body straight and extended. Use the handles of the dumbbells to support your upper body. You may need to position your feet wide for support.
Push one dumbbell into the floor and row the other dumbbell, retracting the shoulder blade of the working side as you flex the elbow, pulling it to your side.
Then lower the dumbbell to the floor and begin the dumbbell row in the opposite hand. Repeat.
With a dumbbell in each hand (palms facing away from your torso), bend your knees slightly and bring your torso forward by bending at the waist; as you bend make sure to keep your back straight until it is almost parallel to the floor. The weights should hang directly in front of you as your arms hang perpendicular to the floor and your torso.
While keeping the torso stationary, lift the dumbbells to your with palms facing away, keeping the elbows close to the body. At the top contracted position, squeeze the back muscles and hold for a second.
With your dumbbells stand with a straight torso and the dumbbells by your side at arms length with the palms of the hand facing you.
While maintaining the torso in a stationary position lift the dumbbells to your side with a slight bend on the elbow and the hands slightly tilted forward. Continue to go up until your arms are parallel to the floor.
This entry was posted in back exercises, Clients, Conditioning, dumbbell exercises, Exercise, exercise program, exercises for women, Fitness, fitness propelled, Fitness resources, Health, Health Tips, mens fitness, mens health, wellbeing, Wellness, womens fitness, womens health and tagged active, active lifestyles, activity, back exercises, clients, conditioning, dumbbell exercises, exercise, exercise samples, exercises, exercises for women, fitness, fitness exercises for women, Fitness propelled, health, health and fitness, healthy lifestyles, mens fitness, rows, wellness on April 17, 2015 by FitnessPropelled. | 2019-04-24T18:12:43Z | https://fitnesspropelled.wordpress.com/category/mens-health/ |
Earn Cashback on your bookings with easyJet holidays with Quidco and make your holiday even more rewarding! By pairing flights to easyJet's massive range of destinations with great deals on accommodation in each destination, easyJet holidays lets you plan your whole holiday all in one place at one great price. Check out our current cashback deals to get the most from easyJet's package holidays and see if you could get a discount with a promo code.
The mild temperatures of spring make it the ideal season for one thing: a weekend break. What’s more, the prices are usually considerably more affordable than they are during the summer months. easyJet holidays offer flights and hotels for weekend breaks all over Europe, for great prices. Whether you want to idly wander the streets of a historic city or soak up some sun on a beach somewhere, easyJet is the place to go for weekend breaks this spring. Don’t forget, follow the links to easyJet through this page, so you can earn cashback on your purchases.
One of the best ways to organise a city break is to get your flights and accommodation in one package. Fancy spending a weekend in style? Opt for one of easyJet’s luxury city breaks. Partake in some retail therapy in fashion-capital city of Milan, or amble alongside the mesmerising canals of Venice.
Left booking your city break a little late? There’s no need to worry. easyJet caters to the spontaneous types. On the easyJet site, head to the last-minute city breaks section, where you can great deals on weekend breaks all over Europe. Book today, and next week you could be basking in the history Rome or dancing the night away in one of Berlin’s superclubs. easyJet doesn’t punish you for leaving your city break late, so you can grab a great price on flights and hotels on holidays in the near future.
Perhaps you and your special someone are after a romantic excursion for a long weekend. Whether the relationship is in the exciting first few flames or you’re celebrating your 40-year anniversary, you can grab a memorable romantic city break with easyJet. Including return flights and a three-night stay in a top hotel, easyJet offer package weekend breaks in romantic cities such as sunny Barcelona, or the mecca for romance — Paris. Wherever you decide to go on your jaunts, remember to book your easyJet holidays through Quidco so can earn cashback on your spring break.
Why shop with easyJet holidays?
EasyJet holidays is the package holiday arm of British low-cost carrier easyJet. It was launched in 2007 as a way to allow easyJet to offer bargain-hungry travellers full package holidays, in addition to its existing flights and accommodation business. That allowed the company to bring you fully protected package holidays.
So today you can book a package holiday with easyJet holidays – whether you're going all-inclusive for a week or just want to add a hotel onto your flight for a couple of nights – and get full ATOL protection. You can find out more about that by visiting the easyJet holidays site through our links, but, in brief, it gives you comprehensive financial protection on your holiday, and protects you from getting stranded.
Add in the great deals you could get with easyJet holidays through the bargains it's able to offer by combining flights and hotels for special package pricing, and you've got some great reasons to book with easyJet holidays already. Add on some cashback with Quidco and what more do you need?
You probably know easyJet flies to a huge range of destinations (at last count, it was operating more than 800 routes in over 30 countries). Well, with easyJet holidays you can book a full package holiday in most of those places.
easyJet holidays' Benidorm packages are especially popular, but easyJet holidays to Portugal are also big sellers, with masses of deals on flight-and-hotel combos in big-name resorts. But you can choose from holidays way beyond that – think cities, ski trips and even holidays further afield, with destinations including Israel and Jordan. So whether you're thinking of a weekend trip to Barcelona, a last-minute ski trip to France or a surf mission to Morocco, you can plan it with easyJet holidays.
Follow our links to the easyJet holidays site and you'll see the first step in finding your perfect package holiday is choosing your departure airport. And since easyJet holidays are based on the carrier's flights from all over the UK, you've got a massive choice of airports all over the UK, with well over a dozen to choose from.
If you're in Northern Ireland, you'll find a great range of easyJet holidays from Belfast, and if you want to see all the holidays from Edinburgh and Glasgow, you can simply choose Central Scotland to see all the available deals for both airports. South of the border you'll find easyJet holidays from Southend and Bristol alongside the major London hubs, with English airports spanning the country from Southampton to Manchester.
So if you think 'package holiday' has to mean bucket-and-spade, then think again. Of course easyJet holidays include deals on classic beach breaks, but all that choice means you can book just about any kind of holiday you fancy.
Plan a weekend city break with easyJet holidays' Amsterdam deals or visit pretty much any European capital. Use the dedicated tab for easyJet's ski holidays or select your departure airport and choose a whole country as your destination for inspiration. Whether it's a romantic getaway or a last-minute impulse trip, easyJet holidays gives you a simple combination of flights and accommodation, letting you choose the duration from two up to 28 nights. Just follow the links on this page to start looking to find your perfect holiday and earn cashback while you’re at it.
Of course, if you're looking for easyJet's all-inclusive holidays, you'll find deals on favourite resorts in Greece, Turkey, Spain and most of the classic beach locations – ideal for the ultimate no-hassle, everything-taken-care-of break. After all, that's the beauty of the package holiday. Just make one booking in one place and turn up. To be sure of an all-inclusive trip, just make sure you select the All-inclusive board option when you're booking your room.
All-inclusive holidays are great if you really like to get your money's worth — and with cashback from Quidco on an easyJet holidays booking you could make an all-inclusive holiday pay you back even more.
Because you're looking at easyJet package holidays, you'll be getting a fully ATOL-protected holiday. You might have heard of ATOL protection before; essentially, it's a certification that says your holiday is protected and you won't lose your money or get stranded if the operator goes bust.
ATOL stands for 'air travel organiser's licence'. In the UK every company that offers flight-and-hotel package holidays has to have one by law, and it's really just your peace of mind that you're booking a secure holiday from a registered, protected company. Of course, you'd expect no less from easyJet holidays!
easyJet holidays makes it easy to find a great deal on a package holiday, whether you know exactly what you want, you're browsing for ideas or you just want to see what you could get. That's all thanks to a straightforward booking process and search functionality that's both super-flexible and easy to use.
The first way to find a deal with easyJet holidays is simply to search. Follow the links on this page to make sure you can earn your Quidco cashback, then just use the search widget you'll see when you land on the homepage. Put in your departure airport, select your dates, then choose from a whole country as your destination or narrow it down with regions and cities. All you have to do is choose the number of nights you'd like to see deals for, and that's it – you'll get a list of great easyJet holidays packages.
Alternatively, you can browse using the navigation and links on the easyJet holidays site. Just go to the Special Offers section of the menu at the top of the homepage, and you can browse for all the latest specially selected offers by departure airport, by destination or even by holiday type. And once you've booked you can log into your easyJet account to manage your booking and check details.
Keen to get some cashback with easyJet holidays but not sure how you could best put it to use? Here are a few ideas to get you started.
One of the beauties of the package holiday is you can see at a glance exactly how much it's going to cost – that makes easyJet holidays' deals perfect for a last-minute bargain. Just check out the Last Minute section under Special Offers and see where you could go next weekend or even tomorrow with easyJet holiday's last-minute deals.
Book in advance with easyJet holidays' summer 2019 deals and earn cashback on your big annual trip. Plan way ahead or go last-minute – whenever you're looking you'll find plenty of offers for summer travel, from familiar names in hotspots like the Costa del Sol, the Algarve and Mallorca to quieter beach paradises. There's even a dedicated School Holiday Deals section on the easyJet holidays site, making it easy to find a deal and earn cashback, even at peak times.
easyJet holidays is also the place to shop for easyJet's ski holidays range. Follow the links on this page and you'll land on the easyJet holidays home page. From there, hit the Ski holidays tab above the search box to narrow your search. You'll see a range of selected hot deals on the page already – great for inspiration – or you can browse as usual, with destinations from the mega-popular big names like Tignes, Chamonix and the Three Valleys in France and Zermatt in Switzerland to lesser-visited resorts like Bulgaria's Borovets and Kranjska Gora in Slovenia. And all from airports around the UK, from Gatwick to Edinburgh.
Need to fight off the winter blues? Treat yourself to a getaway for some mood-lifting sunshine, safe in the knowledge you can earn cashback on it too. Follow our links to the easyJet holidays site and head to the dedicated Winter Sun section under Special Offers. There you'll find a range of easyJet holidays to Tenerife, Madeira, Lanzarote and other favourite destinations for escaping the chill.
Just fancy a trip but not sure where? Use the site for inspiration and take pot luck. Browse by your nearest departure airport – for example, by selecting the 'Holidays from Belfast' page under Special Offers – and you'll get a host of selected deals at a glance. Know where you want to go? Visit your destination's dedicated page and you can easily to get all of easyJet's package holidays departing from your choice of airport.
We've gone through a pile of the most frequently asked questions about easyJet holidays to bring you all the essential answers. So if you've still got a question or two, read on – we've probably got you covered.
When are easyJet holidays released?
It varies, though the availability of package holidays usually depends on the date when flight fares are released. As a rule, you can usually book flights up to nine months in advance. However, easyJet holidays' packages are sometimes released in bulk at specific dates. There's sometimes a big release in April and one in September, but you can sign up to easyJet's email list or like it on Facebook to get alerts.
Yes – all package holidays sold in the UK must be ATOL-protected by law. A 'package holiday' is defined as a single holiday that includes both transport (i.e. flights, here) and accommodation, sold for one price. You can find out more about ATOL protection in the dedicated section above, but, in short, it means your money is protected and you won't get stranded in case the operator were to go bust.
Can I extend my easyJet holidays package?
When you buy a package holiday, it's a specific price for the variables that you've booked – departure point, destination, dates, duration, number of people, accommodation. So it's not always as simple as 'adding another night'.
In the first instance, log into your easyJet account to check all the details of your booking. Once you're sure of your details, the easiest way to amend a booking is to contact easyJet holidays directly. Check the Call Us item in the top menu of the easyJet holidays site for contact details. Make sure you check the Ts and Cs as any changes to your purchase could invalidate your cashback.
Does easyJet holidays include transfers?
Yes, you can book transfers as part of your package with easyJet holidays. They're subject to availability, so you won't necessarily see a transfer available with every package you look at. But where there is one available, you'll see whether it's private, shared or a group shuttle, and it's straightforward to book.
It's also sometimes possible to add a transfer onto a package that you've already booked. Again, you'll need to contact easyJet holidays' customer service team – you can find the right number on the Call Us section of the site menu. As with any changes to your original booking, it’s worth checking the Ts and Cs to check whether it might invalidate your cashback.
How can I contact easyJet holidays?
easyJet holidays provides real-life human customer service, and the easiest way to get most queries answered – particularly on existing bookings – is to call the customer service team. There are different numbers for new bookings and for existing ones. Go to the easyJet holidays site and hit the Call Us item in the menu at the top of the page – that will show you the right number to call. Just remember that if you're making a booking, you'll need to follow the links on this page to access the site and make your booking online if you want to be able to earn cashback with Quidco.
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This post is the third of a Three Part Series of K&F Business and International Tax Developments Posts on the Proposed Regulations to the New Partnership Audit Regime which legislation is due to go into effect for all unincorporated entities treated as partnerships, in general, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Part One, which was posted on February 17, 2017, summarized the legislation which enacted the new partnership audit rules as part of The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, Pub. L. No. 114-74, Act §1101 (the “Budget Act”) which was signed into law on November 2, 2015, (as modified by Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015, Pub. L. No. 114-113 (the “PATH Act”)). The Proposed Regulations were issued on January 18, 2017 (REG-136118-15).
In a Memorandum from Reince Priebus, Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff, issued on January 20, 2017 to all Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies on behalf of President Trump, a regulatory freeze on the issuance of new regulations was announced to take effect immediately. In particular, proposed regulations that had neither been published in the federal register or had been waiting for their effective date, were immediately withdrawn for review and approval of the department or agency head appointed or designated by the President. Therefore, the Proposed Regulations to the partnership audit rules issued just two days earlier, were technically withdrawn on January, 20, 2017. See “White House Memo Puts Freeze on All New and Pending Regs”, Tax Notes, Jan. 20, 2017. In a recent announcement made on March 3 by Ms. Hodes, attorney-adviser, Treasury Office of Tax Legislative Counsel, in addressing the Federal Bar Association Section on Taxation, practitioners were urged not to assume the IRS will be unprepared for January 1, 2018, the deadline for the commencement of the new partnership audit regime.
the rules under the Proposed Regulations on the “imputed underpayment rules” and modifications. This Part Three, addresses the important “push-out election” made by the partnership representative to the reviewed year partners and other procedural rules, including the new administrative adjustment request provision. A criticism of the new legislation follows in the form of an Editorial Comment at the end of this Post. The comments are drawn primarily from the Preamble to the Proposed Regulations and other articles that have been written by Jerry August and cited in footnote 1.
a. In General. Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-1(a) provides that a partnership may, as part of the centralized audit provisions, elect, through its partnership representative, to “push out” the adjustments that had comprised the determined “imputed underpayment” amount to its reviewed year partners, in accordance with their distributive shares of partnership income, loss, deduction or credit, in lieu of requiring the partnership to pay the imputed underpayment amount under §6225. Where a partnership makes a valid election in accordance with Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-1, the partnership avoids liability in full with respect to the imputed underpayment amount. Many partnership agreements will undoubtedly be drafted to require the partnership representative to “push-out” all imputed underpayments arising out of an IRS audit.
b. “Push-Out Election”. A partnership may make an election under this section with respect to one or more imputed underpayments identified in an FPA. For example, where the FPA includes a general imputed underpayment and one or more specific imputed underpayments, the partnership may make an election with respect to any or all of the imputed underpayments. This is part of the multiple imputed underpayment rules set out in the proposed rule-making.
c. Impact on Reviewed Year Partners. Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-1(b)(1) provides that where a partnership makes a valid election in accordance with Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-1, the reviewed year partners of the partnership are liable for tax, penalties, additions to tax, and additional amounts, as well interest on such amounts, after taking into account their share of the partnership adjustments determined in the FPA. Any modifications approved by the IRS under Prop. Reg. § 301.6225-2 are also reported to the reviewed year partners. In addition, the proposed regulations state, under Prop. Reg. §301.6226-1(b)(2), that for adjustments that do not result in an imputed underpayment in certain instances such adjustments may nevertheless be included in the reviewed year partners' share of the partnership adjustments reported to the reviewed year partners of the partnership.
Under Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-1(c), a “push-out” election under 6226 is not valid unless the partnership complies with all the provisions for making the election, including the obligation to issue statements to the reviewed year partners and file all such statements electronically with the IRS. See Prop. Regs. §§301.6226-1, 301.6226-2. It is important to understand that once made, a “push-out” election by the partnership may only be revoked with the consent of the IRS.
d. Defective Push-Out Election. Under the proposed regulations, where the IRS determinates that a push-out election is invalid or otherwise defective, it must notify the partnership and the partnership representative within 30 days of the determination of such defective election and set forth the ground or grounds for its invalidity. Prop. Reg. §301.6226-1. The impact of an invalid “push-out” election is obvious. The result is that the aggregate imputed underpayment is pushed back to the partnership which again becomes primarily liable for the imputed underpayment as well as additions to tax in the form of penalties and interest. See §6233.
2. Applicable Rules for Making the “Push-Out” Election.
a. Time for Making Push-Out Election. The partnership must make the “push-out” election within 45 days of the date that the FPA was mailed to the partnership by the IRS. Prop. Reg. §301.6226-1(c)(3). At present there is no provision for extending the time to make the election although presumably the IRS may consent to give the partnership an extension. The push-out election is required to be signed by the partnership representative and filed in accordance with published guidance. Prop. Reg. §301.6226-1(c)(4)(ii) provides, in this regard, that the election must include the name, address, and correct taxpayer identification number (TIN) of the partnership, the taxable year to which the election relates, the imputed underpayment(s) to which the election applies (if there is more than one imputed underpayment in the FPA), each reviewed year partner's name, address, and correct TIN, and any other information required under forms, instructions, and other guidance. A copy of the FPA to which the push-out election relates must also be attached to the election.
b. Consequence of Push-Out Election to Partners. As a formal partnership action under §6223, all reviewed year partners (for each year under review) are bound by the election and each reviewed year partner must take the adjustments on the statement into account in accordance with § 6226(b) and report and pay additional chapter 1 tax (if any) per Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3. A reviewed year partner may therefore not treat items reflected on a statement described in Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-2 inconsistently with how those items are treated on the statement that the partnership files with the IRS. There is no recourse on the part of a reviewed partner to file an “inconsistency statement” as with the filing of form 1065. See Prop. Reg. §301.6222-1(c)(2).
c. Issuance of Statements to Review Year Partners. As mentioned, the proposed regulations (Prop. Reg. §301.6226-2(a)) require that where a partnership makes a “push-out” election, it must furnish statements to the reviewed year partners with respect to the partner's share of the adjustments and file those statements with the IRS in the time, form, and manner prescribed. This push-out statement requirement and filing is separate from any other statements required to be filed with the IRS and furnished to the partners for the taxable year, including any Schedules K-1, Partner's Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc. The partnership must furnish separate statements for each reviewed year at issue and cannot combine multiple reviewed years (if any) and reflect the total of such adjustments by the issuance of a single statement.
d. Time For Issuance of Push-Out Election Statements to Partners. Push-out election statements must be sent by the partnership representative (or its agent) to reviewed year partners no later than 60 days after the date the partnership adjustments are finally determined and reflected in the FPA. More specifically, the partnership adjustments are finally determined upon the later of the expiration of the time to file a petition under §6234 or, if a petition is filed under § 6234, the date when the court's decision becomes final. Accordingly, if an FPA is mailed on June 30, 2020, and no petition is filed by the partnership, the partnership adjustments set out in the FPA are finally determined on September 28, 2020 (at the conclusion of the 90-day petition period under section 6234). Again, reviewed year partners cannot file inconsistently with any statements furnished by the partnership with respect to the “push-out” assessment amount allocable to the review year partner. Special procedural rules apply with respect to “errors” in the computation of the push-out statements. See Prop. Reg. §301.6226-2(d). The proposed regulations contain examples of the notification of the “push-out” rule.
e. Contents of Push-Out Statements to Reviewed Year Partners. The proposed regulations set forth information required to be included to the reviewed year partners. Such information includes: (i) the reviewed year partner's share of items originally reported to the partner (taking into account any adjustments made under §6227); (ii) the reviewed year partner's share of the partnership adjustments and any penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts; (iii) modifications attributable to the reviewed year partner; (iv) the reviewed year partner's share of any amounts attributable to adjustments to the partnership's tax attributes in any intervening year (per Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3) resulting from the partnership adjustments allocable to the partner; (v) the reviewed year partner's safe harbor amount and interest safe harbor amount (if applicable), as determined in accordance with proposed § 301.6226-2(g); (vi) the date the statement is furnished to the partner; (vii) the partnership taxable year to which the adjustments relate; and (viii) any other information required by the forms, instructions, or other guidance prescribed by the IRS. See Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-2(e).
f. More On Push-Out Elections and The Required Reporting For The Reviewed Partner's Share of Adjustments and Other Amounts. Per Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-2(f), a reviewed year partner's share of adjustments required to be taken into account must be reported to the reviewed year partner in the same manner as originally reported on the return filed by the partnership for the reviewed year. If the adjusted item was not reflected in the partnership's reviewed year return, the adjustment must be reported in accordance with the rules that apply with respect to partnership allocations, including under the partnership agreement. However, if the adjustments, as finally determined, are allocated to a specific partner or in a specific manner, the partner's share of the adjustment must follow how the adjustment is allocated in that final determination. So we have some complexity here. See Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-2(f)(1). In all cases, adjustments taken into account on any amended returns or closing agreements that are approved during the modification process per Prop. Reg. § 301.6225-2(d)(2) and that are disregarded in determining the imputed underpayment are ignored for purposes of determining the reviewed year partners' share of the adjustments. However, these modifications are listed separately on the statements provided to the reviewed year partners. With respect to modifications that are ignored for purposes of reporting the adjustments to the reviewed year partners, any reviewed year partner that previously took into account the same adjustment will not be taxed a second time with respect to that adjustment. An example is set forth in Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3(g).
g. Additions to Tax Attributable to a Push-Out Election. Penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts are reported to the reviewed year partners in the same proportion as each partner's share of the adjustments to which the penalties relate, unless the penalty, addition to tax, or additional amount is specifically allocated to a specific partner(s) or in a specific manner by a final court decision or in the FPA, if no petition is filed. Where a penalty is determined with respect to a specific item or items, such penalty is reported to the reviewed year partners in the same manner as the adjustments to that specific item or items, unless otherwise provided in the FPA or a final court decision. Where a penalty, addition to tax, or additional amount does not relate to a specific adjustment, each reviewed year partner's share of the penalty, addition to tax, or additional amount is determined in accordance with how such items would have been allocated under rules that apply with respect to partnership allocations, including under the partnership agreement, unless it is allocated to a specific partner in a specific manner in a final determination of the adjustments, in which case it is allocated in accordance with the final determination.
h. Computation of Tax Resulting From Push-Out Election: Taking The Adjustments Into Account. Pursuant to Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3, a reviewed year partner furnished a push-out statement is required to pay any additional chapter 1 tax (additional current year tax) for the partner's taxable year which includes the date the statement was furnished to the partner in accordance with Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-2 (the reporting year) which is determined taking into account the adjustments reflected in the statement. The additional reporting year tax is either the aggregate of the adjustment amounts, as determined in Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3(b), or, if an election is made under proposed § Prop. Reg. §301.6226-3(c), the so-called “safe harbor” amount. Additions to tax in the form of penalties and interest are also required to be assessed and paid. Prop. Reg. §301.6226-3(d). The aggregate of the adjustment amounts is the aggregate of the correction amounts determined under Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3(b) to-wit: (i) one with respect to the partner's taxable year which includes the reviewed year of the partnership (first affected year); and (ii) a second correction amount for the partner's taxable years after the first affected year and before the reporting year (intervening years). These correction amounts cannot be less than zero, and any amount below zero after applying the rules in Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3(b) does not reduce any correction amount, any tax in the reporting year, or any other amount. The rules in this area are complex and must be fully understood. This will occur with respect to allocating and reducing interim year net operating losses of the reviewed year partner or other tax attributes.
i. Election to Pay the Safe Harbor Amount. Under Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3(c), a partner furnished a push-out election statement may elect to pay the safe harbor amount (or the interest safe harbor amount, in the case of certain individuals) shown on the statement in lieu of the additional reporting year tax. This safe-harbor election is made on the partner's return for the reporting year. If a partner is furnished multiple statements per Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-2, the partner may elect to pay the safe harbor amount with respect to some or all of the statements. For instance, if the IRS examined two partnership taxable years in the same administrative proceeding, and a push-out election under § 6226 was made by the partnership with respect to all imputed underpayments for both years, the partnership would be required to furnish separate partners and to calculate separate safe harbor amounts for each year. A reviewed year partner could elect to pay the safe harbor amount for one taxable year, but not the other taxable year. If a partner elects to pay the safe harbor amount, the partner must report the safe harbor amount on the partner's timely-filed return (excluding extensions) for the partner's reporting year. If the partner fails to do so, the partner may not utilize the safe harbor amount, but instead must compute the additional reporting year tax under Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3(b) as if no election under Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3(c) had been made. Applicable computation rules to compute the safe harbor amount and interest safe harbor amount are contained in the regulations. See Prop. Reg. §301.6226-2(g).
j. Binding Nature of Push-Out Election. The election under §6226 which is within the sole authority of the partnership representative, which does not have to be a partner, and may even be appointed by the IRS, is a partnership election which is binding on the partners. §6223(b). While reviewed year partners can avoid the computation under §6226(b) by filing an amended return (or entering into a closing agreement) and paying the tax and interest due in accordance with §6225(c)(2) during the modification phase of the audit, not all partners are willing or able to amend their returns for the relevant year. Therefore, partners are granted the option to pay a simplified safe harbor amount in lieu of computing the correction amounts described per Prop. Reg. §301.6226-3(b) and a simplified interest safe harbor amount for certain individuals in lieu of computing the interest on the safe harbor amount under Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3(d)(2). Any reviewed year partner may elect to pay the safe harbor amount, including reviewed year partners that are partnership-partners or S corporation partners.
k. Liability for Interest Under Push-Out Election. Reviewed year partners are further liable for interest on any correction amount for the first affected year and any intervening years See Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3(d)(1). If a partner elects to pay the safe harbor amount, a reviewed year partner that is an individual may also elect to pay the interest safe harbor amount. For all other partners and individuals that do not elect the safe harbor amount, interest applies under Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3(d)(2). Interest on the correction amounts and the safe harbor amount is determined at the partner level. The interest rate is the underpayment rate per §6621(a)(1) except that when determining that rate, five percentage points are used instead of three percentage points, with the result that the underpayment rate for purposes of §6226 is the federal short-term rate plus five percentage points. A reviewed year partner is liable for interest on any correction amount from the first affected year and any intervening years from the due date of the return (without extension) for the applicable tax year (that is, the year to which the additional tax is attributable) until the correction amount is paid. For purposes of calculating interest, the safe harbor amount and any penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts are attributable to adjustments taken into account for the first affected year.
l. Qualified Investment Entities (QIEs): Regulated Investment Companies (RICs) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). The proposed regulations under the push-out election rules are coordinated with the deficiency dividend procedures under §860 for partners that are RICs and REITs. In general, §860 allows RICs and REITs to be relieved from the payment of a deficiency in (or to receive a credit or refund of) certain taxes including, among certain others, taxes imposed by §§852(b)(1) and (3), 857(b)(1) or (3), and, where the entity flunks the distribution requirements of §852(a)(1)(A) or §857(a)(1), as applicable, the corporate income tax. Details of this part of the regulations are not covered in this post. See Prop. Regs. §§301.6226-2(h), -3(b)(4).
m. Foreign partners and Certain U.S. Partners. The proposed regulations reserve the issuance of rules applicable to push-out statements made to foreign partners, including foreign entities, or certain domestic partners. In general, certain amounts received by a partnership that are allocable to a foreign partner may be subject to withholding under chapter 3 of subtitle A of the Code (chapter 3), and certain amounts allocable to a foreign or domestic partner may be subject to withholding under chapter 4 of subtitle A of the Code (chapter 4). To the extent that amounts are withheld by the partnership or other withholding agent under chapter 3 or 4, and remitted to the IRS, such amounts are creditable by the foreign partner or domestic partner to offset the chapter 1 tax that the partner otherwise would owe in the absence of the withholding. The purpose of chapter 3 withholding is to ensure compliance by foreign persons with respect to income subject to tax under chapter 1, by requiring the partnership (or other withholding agent) to withhold and remit the tax that would normally be paid by the foreign person on payments or income allocated to the foreign person. The purpose of chapter 4 (FACTA) withholding is to ensure that information reporting about U.S. persons that use certain offshore financial accounts or passive foreign entities is available to the IRS to enhance tax compliance. The withholding imposed under chapter 4 may be imposed on certain foreign financial institutions, account holders of a financial account, or passive non-financial foreign entities with substantial U.S. owners, to incentivize the information required under chapter 4 to be reported and available to the IRS. Additional comments on this area of the proposed regulations are being sought by the Treasury and the Service. In particular, comments are requested on: (i) how the partnership should satisfy its reporting obligations under chapters 3 and 4 in the reporting year with respect to income allocable to a foreign partner or domestic partner; (ii) whether the partnership should be required to obtain new documentation from partners to support a lower withholding rate or whether the partnership should be able to rely on documentation obtained with respect to the reviewed year; and (iii) how the rules under chapters 3 and 4 should apply when a statement described in Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-2 includes additional income allocable to a foreign partner that is an intermediary or flow-through entity.
3. Treatment of Pass-through Partners: Multiple Tiered Partnership Rules. In response to comments made pursuant to IRS Notice 2016-23 issued last year requesting guidance on a number of subjects under the BBA partnership audit rules, there were suggestions made that a pass-through partner who receives a statement described in Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-2 should be able to flow through the adjustments to its owners instead of paying tax on the adjustments at the first tier. Under this approach, the adjustments would flow through the tiers until a partner that is not a pass-through partner receives the adjustment. The proposed regulations reserve on this issue. Per §6226(a)(2), where a partnership makes a "push-out” election instead of making payment of the imputed underpayment, the partnership is required to furnish statements to "each partner of the partnership for the reviewed year." Under §6226(b), a reviewed year partner's tax imposed by chapter 1 for the reporting year is increased by the aggregate of the correction amounts for the first affected year and any intervening years. Section 7701(a)(2) defines "partner" as a member in a partnership (that is, a direct partner). Therefore, §6226(b) requires the partnership's direct partners from the reviewed year to take into account the adjustments. Neither §7701(a)(2) nor §6226 distinguish direct partners that are themselves pass-through entities, and direct partners that are not pass-through entities, such as individuals and C corporations.
a. In General. As previously noted, a partnership making a push-out election must do so no later than 45 days after the FPA is mailed to the partnership, and the partnership must furnish and file statements reflecting the reviewed year partners' shares of the adjustments. Then, §6226(b) provides that each direct partner's chapter 1 tax for the taxable year including the date the statement is furnished (reporting year) is increased by an amount that represents the tax that should have been paid by the partner if in the reviewed year the items adjusted were correctly reported on the partnership's return and taken into account by the direct partner.
b. Bluebook Explanation to the BBA. In the case of a partnership that is itself a partner, the General Explanation of Tax Legislation Enacted for 2015 (Bluebook) explained that the partnership-partner "pays the tax attributable to adjustments with respect to the [first affected year] and the intervening years, calculated as if it were an individual . . . for the taxable year . . . ." JCS-1-16 at 70. To account for the fact that partnerships are not liable for chapter 1 tax, the Bluebook provides that, "a partnership that receives a statement from the audited partnership is treated similarly to an individual who receives a statement from the audited partnership." Id. (omitting footnote providing "[s]ection 703, which states that 'the taxable income of a partnership shall be computed in the same manner as in the case of an individual . . . .'"). In consideration of the fact that direct partnership-partners must pay the tax, the Bluebook further states that the audited partnership, the partnership receiving the statement under section 6226, and that partnership's partners "may have entered into indemnification agreements under the partnership agreement with respect to the risk of tax liability of reviewed year partners being borne economically by partners in the year that includes the date of the statement. Because the payment of tax by a partnership under the centralized system is nondeductible, payments under an indemnification or similar agreement with respect to the tax are nondeductible."
c. Technical Corrections to the BBA Announced. In December 2016, both the House and the Senate introduced bipartisan technical corrections that would resolve this issue by providing that a partner that is a partnership or S corporation may elect to either pay an imputed underpayment under rules similar to section 6225 or flow the adjustments through the tiers. See Tax Technical Corrections Act of 2016 (H.R. 6439, 114th Cong. (2016)); Tax Technical Corrections Act of 2016 (“TCA”) (S. 3506, 114th Cong. (2016)). As a result, the proposed regulations reserve this issue. See Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-2(e).
1. Moving Up the Tiers Permitted For Push-Out Elections. The TCA would allow a partnership or S corporation to flow adjustments through the tiers presents significant administrative concerns. The Treasury and Service note that this reform may cause much administrative complexities, challenges and inefficiencies.
2. Multiple Tiers and Tax Collection Problems. Another significant concern stated in the Preamble as to the TCA’s allowance of multiple tiered push-out elections is the collection of tax. Indeed, it is noted that the BBA presents a bifurcated process where the tax is determined and later assessed and collected through a self-reporting process by the partners. The process of flowing adjustments to the reviewed year partners occurs after the audit/litigation is concluded. The assessment process under BBA, whereby the partners are required to calculate the tax, interest and penalties and report them on their next filed return, presents a challenge because of the passage of time. Even compliant taxpayers, who receive statements in the middle of the tax year may not understand their significance, and may not know exactly how to utilize this information. This would necessitate additional compliance resources by the IRS to check the adjustment year reporting to verify that the adjustments were indeed correctly reported by every tier and by all direct and indirect partners.
3. Associated Costs. The costs involved in administering these processes will limit the overall number of audits that can be undertaken, which in turn will limit the IRS's ability to meaningfully address tax noncompliance for this segment of taxpayers, as well as limit the overall revenue collection from these entities, including, for example, as partners die, dissolve, become insolvent, or are not able to be located due to the passage of time.
4. Application to Direct Partner That is An Estate, Trust or Foreign Entity. The Treasury is concerned with the adoption of the TCA in instances where a direct partner in the partnership that is an estate or trust, or a foreign entity, such as a foreign trust or foreign corporation that may not be liable for U.S. federal income tax with respect to one or more adjustments, but an owner of the direct partner is, or could be, liable for tax with respect to such amount. For instance, if a direct partner in the audited partnership is a controlled foreign corporation, the foreign corporation as a direct partner may not have a U.S. tax liability with respect to a given adjustment; however, the adjustment may impact the tax liability of its U.S. shareholder(s). The tax effects on the U.S. shareholder(s) may arise in the first affected year, an intervening year, or some subsequent year, depending on the specific facts and circumstances.
4. Push-Out Rules Continued: Adjustments to Tax Basis, Capital Accounts, Partnership Asset Basis, etc. Section 6226(b)(3) requires that any tax attribute which would have been affected if the partnership adjustments were taken into account for the reviewed year, be appropriately adjusted for the amount by which the tax imposed under chapter 1 would increase for any intervening year. As with §6225, however, §6226 does not expressly state that tax attributes affected by reason of a partnership adjustment should be adjusted for all purposes, and not just for purposes of taking the adjustments into account to calculate the additional reporting year tax, and that the adjustments to tax those attributes should continue to have effect after the adjustment year. The Preamble states that it is appropriate to adjust the adjustment year partners' outside bases and capital accounts and a partnership's basis and book value in property when one of those tax attributes is affected by reason of a partnership adjustment. But a different approach may be needed for push-out elections. The purpose of the partnership adjustments is to create a new, accurate starting point for later taxable years; therefore, it is required to adjust the adjustment year partners' outside bases and capital accounts despite the fact that it is the reviewed year partners who pay additional tax under section 6226. Providing mechanical rules to govern the adjustments to adjustment year partners' outside bases and capital accounts and a partnership's basis and book value in property raise a myriad of technical issues on which the Treasury Department and the IRS request comments. This is certainly going to be a controversial aspect of the rule-making.
a. Procedure for Filing Administrative Adjustment Request. Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-1(a) sets out the general rules for filing an administrative adjustment request (AAR). Per §6227(a), Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-1(a) provides that a partnership may file an AAR with respect to one or more items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit of the partnership and any partner's distributive share thereof for any partnership taxable year. Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-1(a) requires a partnership to determine whether the adjustments requested in the AAR result in an imputed underpayment for the reviewed year. If the requested adjustments result in an imputed underpayment, Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-1(a) provides that the partnership takes the adjustments into account under Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-2(b), which requires the partnership to pay the imputed underpayment unless the partnership makes an election under Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-2(c), in which case the reviewed year partners take the adjustments into account in accordance with Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-3, which provides rules similar to section 6226. Under Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-1(a), if the adjustments do not result in an imputed underpayment, the reviewed year partners must take the adjustments into account. Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-3.
b. Partnership Representative Makes the Call. Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-1(a) confirms that only a partnership may file an AAR and that a partner may not file an AAR unless the partner is doing so in his or her capacity as partnership representative for the partnership. Additionally, in certain cases, a partner that is itself a partnership subject to subchapter C of chapter 63 (that is, the partnership has not elected out of the centralized partnership regime under §6221(b)) may file an AAR in response to the filing of an AAR by the partnership of which it is a partner. See Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-3(c) for the rules regarding certain partnership-partners filing AARs. Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-1(a) clarifies that a partnership may not file an AAR solely to provide the partnership an opportunity to change a designation of the partnership representative.
c. Partnership Return Filing Required. Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-1(b) provides that an AAR may only be filed by a partnership for a partnership taxable year for which a partnership return has been filed. In general, a partnership may not file an AAR with respect to a partnership taxable year more than three years after the later of the date the partnership return for such partnership taxable year was filed or the last day for filing such partnership return determined without regard to extensions. In addition, the proposed regulations provide that an AAR may not be filed with respect to a partnership taxable year after a notice of administrative proceeding with respect to such taxable year has been mailed by the IRS under § 6231.
d. Coordination with Foreign Tax Credits. The proposed regulations reserve provision with respect to rules on integrating the AAR rules with §905(c) when the AAR includes an adjustment to the amount of creditable foreign tax incurred by the partnership.
e. AAR Procedural Filing Requirements. See Prop. Reg. §301.6227-1(c)(1). A valid AAR must include the information set forth in the regulations including the adjustments requested and grounds for making the changes. When mailed the partnership must notify each reviewed year partner by forwarding a copy of the AAR filed with the IRS. See Prop. Regs. §§301.6227-1(c), -1(d), -1(e)(2).
In filing the AAR, the partnership and all partners are bound by the actions taken. Prop. Reg. §301.6227-1(f) provides, that a partner's share of the adjustments requested in an AAR are binding on the partner. Under Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-1(f), a partner must treat the adjustments on the partner's return consistently with how the adjustments are treated on the statement that the partnership files with the IRS. See Prop. Reg. § 301.6222-1(c)(2) (regarding items the treatment of which a partner is bound to under §6223).
The IRS may, within the period provided under §6235, conduct a proceeding with respect to the partnership for the taxable year to which the AAR relates and adjust items subject to subchapter C of chapter 63, including the items adjusted in the AAR. In the case of an AAR, the Service may make adjustments with respect to the partnership taxable year to which the AAR pertains within three years from the date the AAR is filed. Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-1(g) provides the IRS may re-determine adjustments requested in an AAR, including modifications applied by the partnership to the imputed underpayment. If the partnership adjustments determined by the IRS increase any imputed underpayment, the additional amount is assessed in the same manner and subject to the same restrictions as any other imputed underpayment.
f. AAR Adjustment Requests Resulting In An Imputed Underpayment.
i. Partnership Pays the Imputed Underpayment. Per Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-2(b)(1) when adjustments requested in an AAR result in an imputed underpayment, the partnership must pay the imputed underpayment (as reduced by modifications meeting the requirements of proposed § 301.6227-2(a)(2)(ii)) at the time the partnership files the AAR, unless the partnership makes the election under proposed § 301.6227-2(c) to have its reviewed year partners take such adjustments into account. The partnership's payment of the imputed underpayment is treated as a nondeductible expenditure under section 705(a)(2)(B) in accordance with Prop. Reg. § 301.6241-4. See Prop. Reg. §301.6227-2(b)(7)(penalties and interest on imputed underpayment resulting from AAR). See §6233(a)(3). Interest on an imputed underpayment is determined under chapter 67 for the period beginning on the date after the due date of the partnership return for the reviewed year (determined without regard to extension) and ending on the earlier of the date payment of the imputed underpayment is made with the AAR, or the due date of the partnership return for the adjustment year. §6233(a)(3).
ii. Election to Have the Reviewed Year Partners Take the Adjustments into Account. Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-2(c) allows a partner to elect to effectively push-out the adjustments requested in an AAR that result in an imputed underpayment in lieu of the partnership paying that imputed underpayment. In such event, the partnership is no longer required to pay the imputed underpayment resulting from the adjustments requested in the AAR. Rather, each reviewed year partner must take into account its share of such adjustments. Prop. Reg. §301.6227-3.
g. Adjustments Requested in AAR Not Resulting In Imputed Underpayment. In such event, the reviewed year partners must take into account their shares of such adjustments in accordance with Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-3. Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-2(d) provides that in that situation the partnership must furnish statements to the reviewed year partners and file a copy of those statements with the IRS in accordance with Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-1.
h. AARs and Review Year Partner Adjustments/Liability. Reviewed year partners take adjustments requested in an AAR filed by the partnership into account in two circumstances: (1) the adjustments requested in the AAR result in an imputed underpayment and the partnership elects under Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-2(c) to have its reviewed year partners take the adjustments into account, or (2) the adjustments requested in the AAR do not result in an imputed underpayment per Prop. Reg. §301.6227-2(d). See Prop.Reg. §301.6227-3. Under Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-3(b), the reviewed year partner must pay any amount of tax, penalties, additions to tax, additional amounts, and interest that results from taking into account such adjustments in accordance with Prop.Reg. § 301.6226-3, except that, the rules under proposed § 301.6226-3(c) (allowing the reviewed year partner to elect to pay a safe harbor amount), Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3(d)(2) (regarding interest on the safe harbor amount), and Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-3(d)(4) (regarding the increased rate of interest) do not apply. Other special rules apply.
i. Refund Attributable to AAR Final Adjustments. Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-3(b)(2) allows the reviewed year partner to claim a refund where the partnership incorrectly allocated items from the partnership in the reviewed year and provides that when a partner (other than a pass-through partner) takes into account adjustments requested in an AAR, and those adjustments result in a decrease in tax, the partner may use that decrease to reduce the partner's chapter 1 tax for the taxable year which includes the date the statement was furnished to the partner (reporting year), and may make a claim for refund of any overpayment that results. The reduction is treated in a manner similar to a refundable credit under §6401(b). See also Prop. Reg. § 301.6227-3(b)(3) provide examples to illustrate the operation of these rules.
The Treasury Department and the IRS intend in future guidance to cross reference Prop. Reg. § 301.6226-4 for rules regarding adjustments to partners' outside bases and capital accounts and a partnership's basis and book value in property when reviewed year partners take adjustments requested in an AAR filed by the partnership into account.
Ok, let’s stop here! There’s more to the proposed regulations unfortunately as they do suffer from being long-winded and complex. As detailed and complex as they are, the challenge for the Treasury and that of the Service in issuing these proposed regulations was difficult, i.e., trying to fill in all the gaps and spaces that arguably a rather poorly thought out piece of tax legislation provided. The regulations gallantly try to rescue a statute that is not imposes a partnership level assessment of prior years’ partners’ taxes but muddies the water further by announcing procedures, sub-procedures, a new lexicon of terms, and the draconian imposition of a partnership representative, meet the new “tax czar”, who can bind all partners, both direct and indirect, in any partnership audit or other proceeding. The challenge that the Treasury and IRS face in issuing regulations in such instances is imposing and daunting. The proposed regulations will ultimately only be understandable to a few. Most will trod through them when and as necessity requires, but it is a formidable bog that must be traversed. There are many traps for the unwary. It is, in this writer’s sole opinion, an area that is worthy of rethinking and possible repealing. The former rules were far from perfect, but the new centralized partnership audit rules clearly miss their intended mark.
So, when you combine the three posts on this development together and try to understand the new rules and interpreted by the proposed regulations as a whole, it is easy to recognize that something went amuck when this new law was enacted. Partnerships subject to income tax for taxes not paid in prior years by their partners? Really? That’s what Congress wanted obviously, it passed the law and was signed into law by President Obama. But there’s one or two exit doors available to prevent partnerships from paying the taxes of partners, most notably the partners from prior years’ returns who may not be partners in the year the partnership gets audited let alone the audit is completed through litigation perhaps. Well, exit door number one, is to elect out of the mess each year provided the partners are qualified and the partnership representative makes a timely election-out. Yes, that’s true but not always, especially if your partnership has a grantor trust or trust as a partner. In other words you may have one or more non-qualified partners, even if your partnership has only 2 members let alone the required less than 100. There’s the second door to exist from the mess of having the partnership pay partners’ taxes and that is the push-out election. Well, a well-done and timely filed push-out election saves the partnership from liability but wreaks havoc on the reviewed year partners to have to accept the partnership representative’s settlement of tax issues that might have otherwise been challenged. The multiple adjustment rules, payment safe harbors, interim tax attribute adjustments, interest adjustments, etc. make leaving through the second exist a complex enterprise.
When the “tax czar”, i.e., the partnership representative, decides to settle out with the IRS and push-out the additional tax, penalties and interest to the partners for the reviewed year it is binding on such review year partners. Clients will undoubtedly ask, “are you kidding, I have no recourse to challenge?”. Each of us will have to explain to our client that it has to right to participate in the audit, appeal or trial with respect to an IRS audit of the partnership seeking to impose additional taxes for prior years’ partnership returns. Each of us will have the privilege of further explaining to our clients that there is indeed no right to participate or even be informed of what’s going on. Well, why wasn’t the partnership agreement filled with detailed procedures and notice requirements to be imposed on the partnership representative? The simple truth that makes this new legislation regrettable is no partner, regardless of his percentage interest in the partnership has any right to participate. You are bound by the partnership representative, always. That’s not fair let alone being good tax policy. It is not going to be well received at the grass roots level. Perhaps one could support this legislation only for large funds and funds of funds where the participating members have on a very small capital interest in the deal, say 1% or even 5.1%. Yes, perhaps this is OK. But we already had in place an electing partnership rule for large partnerships. Didn’t someone think to tell the Congress of §771 thru §779. Ah, but only a very few made that election, we need a new machine the Commissioner of Internal Revenue Service said to collect much more from these large funds of funds, hedge funds, large partnerships, etc.
So, these three posts describe in some detail the myriad of rules under the proposed regulations which are going to have to be understood by tax professionals, business lawyers, even estate planners. These advisors will have to explain what may otherwise be unexplainable to their clients. Partnership agreements must be entirely revamped to accommodate these rules. The government doesn’t want to spend much time auditing, it just wants to collect tax. Any problems with the statute and regulations that work unfairness at the partner level are to be resolved under the partnership agreement. That is what the government wanted in the new law and Congress obliged just with two resolutions and the President’s stroke of his pen. Still, the new partnership centralized audit rules is not good tax policy. It arguably subverts the general understanding of why persons enter into a partnership to conduct business or investment activity. The expectation has always been that each partner would be allocated and ultimately receive its share of profits (and bear the economic burden of its share of loss) and further agree to pay federal income tax but only on its share of partnership profit. But not now. No, beginning in 2018 the partnership will pay the tax for prior years’ underpayments in tax attributable to partnership audit adjustments, plus penalties and interest. No, the partnership will pay the tax unless the partnership representative decides otherwise. In such instances newly admitted partners will indirectly bear the unpaid taxes of prior years’ partners who get off from paying tax on one or more corrected items as a result of an audit.
If the legislation is not repealed, and right now it does not appear that many are entertaining that thought, then a whole new world of complexity will shower all over our tax-thinking heads beginning next year. Perhaps there’s more time to learn the hundreds of new rules and their applications since audits under the “new rules” will await another year or two to get under way.
I would welcome comments on your thoughts of the new BBA. Please feel free to disagree.
For more in-depth treatment of the subject see, in general, August, “The New Partnership Audit Rules: Guidance Needed”, J. Corp. Tax’n (Jan/Feb 2017); August “The Case for Repealing the TEFRA Partnership Audit Rules”, Practical Tax Lawyer(February, 2017); August, “Repeal of the TEFRA Entity Level Audit Rules”, Journal of Tax Practice & Procedure, (August/September 2016); August and Cuff, “The TEFRA Partnership Audit Rules Repeal: Partnership and Partner Impacts”, ALI-CLE Video Webcast (7/17/2016); August, “The Good The Bad, and Possibly the Ugly in the New Audit Rules: Congress Rescues the IRS From Its Inability to Audit Large Partnerships”, Business Entities (WG&L) (May/June 2016); August, “Entity-Level Audit Rules Continue to Pose challenges for Partners”, Parts 1 and 2, Business Entities (WG&L) (Nov./Dec. 2014) (July/Aug. 2015). Section 1101, Pub. L. No. 114-74, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015. Section 1101 repeals the current rules governing partnership audits with a new centralized partnership audit regime that, in general, assesses and collects tax at the partnership level. On the new audit provisions generally, see New York State Bar Association, Tax Section, Report No. 1347, “Report on the Partnership Audit Rules of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015” (May 25, 2016).
Part One, "IRS And Treasury Issues Needed Guidance On Centralized Partnership Audits: Proposed Regulations Issued"
Part Two, "IRS And Treasury Issues Needed Guidance On Centralized Partnership Audits: Proposed Regulations Issued" | 2019-04-24T08:18:33Z | https://www.kflaw.com/irs_and_treasury_issue_proposed_regulations_on_centralized_partnership_audits_part3 |
Just don’t do it to a teddy bear!
Just don’t try that with a teddy bear!
Hours-long waits in the security line. Ridiculous prohibitions on what you can carry on board. Last week’s foiling of a major terrorist plot and the subsequent airport security changes graphically illustrates the difference between effective security and security theater.
None of the airplane security measures implemented because of 9/11 — no-fly lists, secondary screening, prohibitions against pocket knives and corkscrews — had anything to do with last week’s arrests. And they wouldn’t have prevented the planned attacks, had the terrorists not been arrested. A national ID card wouldn’t have made a difference, either.
The new airplane security measures focus on that plot, because authorities believe they have not captured everyone involved. It’s reasonable to assume that a few lone plotters, knowing their compatriots are in jail and fearing their own arrest, would try to finish the job on their own. The authorities are not being public with the details — much of the “explosive liquid” story doesn’t hang together — but the excessive security measures seem prudent.
But only temporarily. Banning box cutters since 9/11, or taking off our shoes since Richard Reid, has not made us any safer. And a long-term prohibition against liquid carry-on items won’t make us safer, either. It’s not just that there are ways around the rules, it’s that focusing on tactics is a losing proposition.
It’s easy to defend against what terrorists planned last time, but it’s shortsighted. If we spend billions fielding liquid-analysis machines in airports and the terrorists use solid explosives, we’ve wasted our money. If they target shopping malls, we’ve wasted our money. Focusing on tactics simply forces the terrorists to make a minor modification in their plans. There are too many targets — stadiums, schools, theaters, churches, the long line of densely packed people in front of airport security — and too many ways to kill people.
Security measures that attempt to guess correctly don’t work, because invariably we will guess wrong. It’s not security, it’s security theater: measures designed to make us feel safer but not actually safer.
Airport security is the last line of defense, and not a very good one at that. Sure, it’ll catch the sloppy and the stupid — and that’s a good enough reason not to do away with it entirely — but it won’t catch a well-planned plot. We can’t keep weapons out of prisons; we can’t possibly keep them off airplanes.
Bruce has a summary of the new UK and US security rules here. He points out that this is reasonable in the short run. We’ll see how long these rules stay in effect. The post-9/11 US rules have lasted a lot longer than I initially expected — no doubt, in part, because they involved creating a new federal government agency.
[F]or the first time, the Department of Homeland Security has deemed an entire state of matter to be a national security risk.
If you remember from chemistry or physics what a phase diagram here, this will put things in perspective.
The Iranian-sponsored group Hezbollah has, as of the time of this report, fired 150 missiles into northern Israel from Lebanon. An estimated 220,000 Israelis are living in bomb shelters. Two Israeli civilians have been killed, and 50 wounded, plus eight Israeli soldiers have been killed and two kidnapped in a cross-border raid (i.e., Hezbollah attacked within Israel’s borders). This is on top of the cross-border raid by Hamas from Gaza earlier, in which six Israeli soldiers were killed and one kidnapped, and the rockets fired earlier from Gaza, from which Israel voluntarily withdrew (and whose Jewish population it expelled) back in August.
So, Israel is responding, by attacking Hamas in Gaza and attacking Hezbollah in Lebanon.
Major US allies condemned the ferocity of Israel’s military attack on Lebanon, revealing a clear split with Washington’s moderate call for restraint.
Cries of alarm mounted worldwide after Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert ordered armed forces to intensify the offensive in response to rockets hitting towns in northern Israel, killing two and wounding 50.
“I find honestly — as all Europeans do — that the current reactions are totally disproportionate,” [French President Jacques Chirac] said in a live television interview on France’s national Bastille Day.
In Italy, Prime Minister Romano Prodi said he recognized Israel’s legitimate concerns and condemning the kidnapping of the soldiers.
But “we deplore the escalation in the use of force, the serious damage to Lebanese infrastructure and the civilian casualties of the raids,” the Italian leader added.
“On the one hand, Israel has the internationally recognised right to self defence. But at the same time we ask our Israeli friends and partners not to lose sight of the long-term consequences when they exercise this right,” German deputy government spokesman Jens Ploetner said.
Iran, which with Syria is a sponsor of Hezbollah, called on the United Nations to step in. “The international community and the UN must intervene to stop this crime,” Iranian Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki said during a visit to Greece.
“I consider that all sides implicated in this conflict should immediately stop military action,” [Russian President Vladimir] Putin said.
It seems the world is divided between those countries that claim Israel has no right to self-defense, and those that concede they have it but don’t want them to actually exercise it. So far, only the U.S. and Britain have acknowledged that Israel actually has any business defending itself — and only they and Russia have bothered to note that Hamas and Hezbollah are wrong to be attacking Israel in the first place.
Of those who claim the Israeli response is “disproportionate” — what response would be “proprotionate” to hundreds of missiles launched at civilian targets? How would Germany or Italy respond to a similar attack?
Do they want Israel to appeal to the UN? That wouldn’t work, since the UN Security Council voted 10-1 (with 4 abstentions!) to condem Israel for defending itself!
That’s right: of the 15 countries on the UN security council, only one — the United States — was willing to say that Israel does not have to sit back and allow Hamas and Hezbollah to shoot missiles at their towns and kidnap their soldiers to their hearts’ content.
This is not surprising — this is the same UN that displayed a map showing Israel removed. Naturally, they cannot condemn violent attacks on a country that is not supposed to exist in the first place.
And of course, the press and the diplomats and “world leaders” are referring to the deaths of Hezbollah and Hamas fighters as “civilian deaths.” I suppose technically this is correct since they are not members of any legal military force. But they are shooting missiles, attacking soldiers, and killing random, peaceful citizens of another country — so in what sense, exactly, is it informative to call them “civilians”?
I don’t have time to pull out quotes at the moment, but here are several angles on the dual debates of (1) whether we are headed for overpopulation or underpopulation, and (2) whether motherhood is beneficial/good/enlightened or oppressive/evil/neanderthal.
Emily Yoffe on the vicious reaction to her suggestion that a young woman consider having a child.
Glenn Reynolds on the Baby Bust.
Norman Myers on Europe’s population decline.
Randall Parker collects a bunch of articles on worldwide population trends, mainly focusing on how Europe is falling behind everyone else.
What is going on when there is so much scorn for parenthood—the way a society perpetuates itself? Fertility rates are much in the news these days. The United States is rare among developed nations in that it is still producing children at a replacement rate. But many countries collectively agree with the people who wrote to me—that children are a tantrum wrapped in a diaper and not worth the trouble. So, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Spain, among others, are going down the demographic tubes, with shrinking pools of young workers to support growing masses of seemingly immortal retirees.
I noticed something else in the letters from nonparents that I had experienced myself: They have an unrealistic sense of the passage of time—or at least the passage of parental time. They seem stuck on the notion that being a parent means forever climbing a Mt. Everest of diapers (and what happens to these punctilious couples if a spouse ends up needing diapers?). Diapers pass in a snap. It all goes so fast. When our daughter turned 6, my husband and I realized with a pang that we were already one-third of the way through the time she would live with us. And I worry that the writers have an unrealistic sense of their own passage through time—believing they’ll forever feel that nothing is more important than building their career or taking that next trip.
As he left the soccer field after a club match in the eastern German city of Halle on March 25, the Nigerian forward Adebowale Ogungbure was spit upon, jeered with racial remarks and mocked with monkey noises. In rebuke, he placed two fingers under his nose to simulate a Hitler mustache and thrust his arm in a Nazi salute.
In April, the [Black] American defender Oguchi Onyewu, playing for his professional club team in Belgium, dismissively gestured toward fans who were making simian chants at him. Then, as he went to throw the ball inbounds, Onyewu said a fan of the opposing team reached over a barrier and punched him in the face….
Thanks to Coyote Blog for the quote and the title.
Of course, if she’s there to protest the occupation, she’s either 61 or 16 uears too late, depending on your point of view.
It’s quite literally unbelievable, of course — but in retrospect, it’s surprising it took them this long.
Note that this story is not from a Muslim country — it’s from England.
DERBY, England — Lina, a wide-eyed 18-year-old, is still trying to get the hang of freedom in three-inch heels.
Until a month ago, Lina had never worn Western clothing. Her parents, immigrants from Pakistan, insisted she wear the jilbab, the head-to-toe covering favored by conservative Muslims.
When she turned 16, her parents informed her that she was “engaged” to her first cousin, a 21-year-old man she detested. When she balked, she said, her parents withdrew her from school and locked her in her room, where they told her she would remain until she consented.
“They put two padlocks on the door and they locked the windows,” she said. They also installed spikes along the top of the backyard fence so she couldn’t climb over.
Lina’s imprisonment lasted nearly two years. The only time she was allowed out of her room was to do housework. There were frequent beatings, she said, and endless mental cruelties.
Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez announced in a Christmas speech that “the descendants of those who crucified Christ†have appropriated the riches of the world.
The full speech (in a PDF file, in Spanish) is here; the relevant part is on page 18 of the PDF file.
There was no money — and where was the money? The money in Venezuela was concentrated… as well as in the world, because this is a world-wide phenomenon, you know? This morning I finish reading the last report of the United Nations on the world situation, and it is alarming — and for that reason I say that today more than ever before in the last 2005 years we need Jesus Christ, because the world, the world, is exhausting every day, every day, the wealth of the world, because God, whose nature is wise, gave the world sufficient water so that all we had water, the world has sufficient wealth, sufficient land to produce foods for all the world-wide population, the world has sufficient stones and minerals for the construction, so that there was not anybody without a house.
We Americans (both Jewish and not) tend, if we think about it at all, to think that antisemitism is gone — because here in America, it basically is. The events in France in 2002-03 (and to a lesser extent, Germany and England) were a shocker to a lot of people, but antisemitism never really died in the rest of the world. In Europe, it was just submerged for a generation or two — probably because the Holocaust made people feel guilty for appaering, if not actually being, antisemitic.
There has always been an antisemitic undertone in Latin America. There’s a reason so many Nazis found refugees in Argentina, and I’ve heard the theory that Vatican II never really made it down to the masses in some of the poorer countries in South America. And of course, the fact that “Protocols of the Elders of Zion” is a best-seller in Japan is proof that antisemitism can exist without any actual Jews — and even without a history of a religion that makes the accusation of deicide against Jews.
In an interview with BBC Radio yesterday [i.e.,Jan. 1] to mark the Christian New Year, Britain’s normally mild-mannered chief rabbi, Jonathan Sacks, warned that a “tsunami of anti-Semitism†is threatening to engulf many parts of the world. Dr Sacks said he was “very scared†by the rise in anti-Jewish feeling, which had led to Holocaust denial, attacks on synagogues and a boycott of Jewish groups on university campuses.
Among British concerns, he cited the fact that since 2002, Jewish student groups on 17 British campuses have faced the threat of expulsion from fellow students who claim to merely be anti-Israeli rather than anti-Semitic. Dr Sacks said attempts to “silence and even ban†Jewish student groups were “quite extraordinary†because most of Britain’s 350,000 Jews regarded themselves primarily as “British citizensâ€.
And here in Virginia, we have seen a small part of the effect. Among our neighbors are a Jewish family who moved here from France about a year and a half ago, after concluding that it was not safe to raise Jewish kids there. They’re great people and we love them, but we wish they’d had a less discouraging reason to move here.
On this date in 1991, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ceased to exist. As detailed by University of Hawaii political science professor R.J. Rummel on his website “Powerkills“, the 20th century was humanity’s worst century of genocide and democide (the latter including mass killings not based on religion, race, or ethnicity). By far the greatest perpetrators of genocide were Communist regimes. Although a few of the Communist genocide perpetrators eventually developed hostile relations with the U.S.S.R., none of the Communist regimes would ever have come to power without the support of the Evil Empire that arose in October 1917, and which began styling itself as the “U.S.S.R.” in 1922.
The collapse of the Evil Empire came sooner than even Reagan had hoped. The Cuban efforts to impose new dictatorships on Nicaragua and El Salvador failed completely. Solidarity became the elected government of Poland, and later yielded power to another government following a free election. The Warsaw Pact is now nothing more than a scrap of paper, and all the countries which suffered under its jackboots are making their way–some faster than others–towards stable and democratic government.
Well, in 1982 most people who heard Reagan’s speech, even if they recognized the clever turn of phrase, either thought he was being hopelessly idealistic (practical conservatives), trying to seem optimistic for strategic purposes (ideological conservatives), pathetically ignorant of geopolitical realities (pratical liberals), or pathetically ignorant of the “inevitable” leftward march of world history (ideological liberals). The most visible group was the last one. And most of them are still saying that Reagan was an ignorant dolt, rather than a visionary leader who took the world in a direction almost no one else thought it could go — despite the fact that that’s exactly what he did.
For more on the death toll of communism, see The Black Book of Communism, by Stephane Courtois, et. al. .
For more on the reaction of the “experts” to this and other pronouncements of Ronald Reagan, see Ronald Reagan: How an Ordinary Man Became an Extraordinary Leader, by Dinesh D’Souza .
And, of course, don’t miss Bryan Caplan’s online Museum of Communism. | 2019-04-24T08:43:14Z | http://differentriver.com/blog/europe/ |
No. 423 Sqwadron Mk 4B CF-100s, 1962. This sqwadron was based in Grostenqwin, France.
The Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck (affectionatewy known as de "Cwunk") was a Canadian twinjet interceptor/fighter serving during de Cowd War bof in NATO bases in Europe and as part of NORAD. The CF-100 was de onwy Canadian-designed fighter to enter mass production, serving primariwy wif de Royaw Canadian Air Force and Canadian Armed Forces and awso in smaww numbers in Bewgium. For its day, de CF-100 featured a short takeoff run and high cwimb rate, making it weww suited to its rowe as an interceptor.
In de earwy 1950s, Canada needed an aww-weader interceptor (fighter) abwe to patrow de vast areas of Canada's norf and operate in aww weader conditions. The two-seat fighter crewed by a piwot and navigator was designed wif two powerfuw engines and an advanced radar and fire controw system housed in its nose dat enabwed it to fwy in aww-weader or night conditions.
Weapons Practice Unit CF-100 Mk 5 firing rockets at first annuaw Air Defence Command rocket meet, Cowd Lake, September 1957.
CF-100 MK 5D (18476) former CFB Namao and No. 414 Ewectronic Warfare (EW) Sqwadron #100476 painted as No. 440 Sqwadron RCAF Mk 4B serving in NATO and on dispway at de Awberta Aviation Museum.
Design of de XC-100 to meet a Royaw Canadian Air Force (RCAF) specification for an aww-weader fighter was initiated at Avro Canada in October 1946. Chief Engineer Edgar Atkin's work on de CF-100 was subseqwentwy passed to John Frost (formerwy of de Haviwwand) who, awong wif Avro's Chief Aerodynamacist Jim Chamberwin, reworked de originaw fusewage design, uh-hah-hah-hah. The CF-100 Mark 1 prototype, "18101," emerged from de factory, painted gwoss bwack overaww wif white wightning bowts running down de fusewage and engines. The CF-100 prototype fwew its maiden fwight on 19 January 1950 wif Gwoster Aircraft Company Chief Test Piwot Sqwadron Leader Biww Waterton (on woan from Gwoster, den awso part of de Hawker Siddewey group) at de controws. The Mark 1 was powered by two Rowws-Royce Avon RA 3 turbojets wif 28.9 kN (2,950 kgp / 6,500 wbf) drust each.
The second prototype, seriaw number 18102, was awso powered by Rowws-Royce Avons, awdough subseqwent pre-production and production series aircraft used de Avro Orenda turbojet. Five pre-production Mk 2 test aircraft (seriaw numbers 18103-18107) were produced, aww fitted wif Orenda 2 engines; one was fitted wif duaw controws and designated a Mk 2T trainer. The first production version, designated Mk 3, incorporated de APG-33 radar and was armed wif eight .50 cawiber Browning M3 machine guns. The Mk 3CT and Mk 3DT were again duaw controw versions suppwied to operationaw training units.
A CF-100 arrived at Egwin AFB, Fworida, in mid-January 1955 for cowd-weader tests in de cwimatic hangar. A seven-man RCAF team, headed by Fwight Lieutenant B. D. Darwing, which had previouswy conducted tests at Namao Air Base, Awberta, were part of de cwimatic detachment of Centraw Experimentaw and Proving Estabwishment. Tests were to begin in February.
In March 1956, four CF-100 Canucks were sent to Egwin AFB for comparative armament triaws, and fwown by USAF crews. The operationaw suitabiwity tests, dubbed Project Banana Bewt, were carried out by de 3241st Test Group (Interceptor) of de APGC's Air Force Operationaw Test Center, in conjunction wif a project team from de Royaw Canadian Air Force.
In September 1950, de RCAF ordered 124 Mk 3s, de first entering service in 1953. These were armed wif eight .50 cawiber machine guns. The definitive rocket-armed Mk 4A was based on de prototype Mk 4 (a modified Mk 3), which first fwew on 11 October 1952. The nose housed de much warger APG-40 radar wif wingtip pods, each containing up to 29 Mk 4/Mk 40 "Mighty Mouse" Fowding-Fin Aeriaw Rocket in addition to de guns. As de wast 54 of an order for de Mk 3 were changed into de Mk 4 in 1954, totaw orders for de Mk 4 rose to 510. The Mk 4B version had more powerfuw Orenda 11s.
Five versions, or marks, were produced, ending, from 1955 onwards, wif de high-awtitude Mk 5 dat featured a 1.06 m (3 ft 6 in)-wonger wingtip and enwarged taiwpwane, awong wif removaw of de machine guns. The proposed Mk 6 was to have mounted Sparrow II missiwes and been powered by afterburning Orenda 11IR engines in an effort to provide an "interim" fighter prior to de introduction of de Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow. A projected transonic swept-wing CF-103 was buiwt in mock-up form in 1951, but was considered obsowescent even before de CF-100's demonstrated abiwity to exceed de speed of sound in a dive. On 18 December 1952, Sqwadron Leader Janusz Żurakowski, de Avro company chief devewopment test piwot, took de CF-100 Mk 4 prototype to Mach 1.0 in a dive from 9,100 m (30,000 ft), de first straight-winged jet aircraft to achieve controwwed supersonic fwight.
CF-100 Mk 3 at de Canadian Museum of Fwight in Juwy 1988.
The Canuck was affectionatewy known in de RCAF as de "Cwunk" because of de noise de front wanding gear made as it retracted into its weww after takeoff. Its wess-attractive nickname was de "Lead Swed", a reference to its heavy controws and generaw wack of maneuverabiwity, a nickname it shared wif a number of oder 1950s aircraft. Oders incwuded CF-Zero, de Ziwch, and de Beast, aww references to an aircraft many piwots considered wess gwamorous dan RCAF day fighters wike de Canadair Sabre.
The aircraft operated under de US/Canadian Norf American Air Defense Command (NORAD) to protect Norf American airspace from Soviet intruders such as nucwear-armed bombers. Additionawwy, as part of de Norf Atwantic Treaty Organization (NATO), four Canuck sqwadrons were based in Europe wif 1 Air Division from 1956–1962, and were for some time de onwy NATO fighters capabwe of operating in zero visibiwity and poor weader conditions.
When de Korean War started, de USAF was in urgent need of a jet-propewwed, aww-weader, interdiction/surveiwwance aircraft. The urgency was so great dat de USAF was wiwwing to consider two foreign designs: de CF-100 and de Engwish Ewectric Canberra. The CF-100 was rejected because of insufficient range and paywoad. The Engwish Ewectric design was sewected and devewoped into de Martin B-57 Canberra.
The CF-100 served wif nine RCAF sqwadrons at its peak in de mid-1950s. Four of dese sqwadrons were depwoyed to Europe from wate 1956–1962 under de NIMBLE BAT ferry program, repwacing some NATO RCAF sqwadrons eqwipped wif Canadair Sabre day fighters to provide aww-weader defense against Soviet intruders. Canucks fwying at home retained naturaw metaw finish, but dose fwying overseas were given a British-stywe disruptive camoufwage scheme: dark sea gray and green on top, wight sea gray on de bottom.
During his Avro Canada years, de Chief Devewopment Piwot, S/L Żurakowski, continued to fwy as an aerobatic dispway piwot, wif spectacuwar resuwts, especiawwy at de 1955 Farnborough Airshow where he dispwayed de CF-100 in a "fawwing-weaf." He was accwaimed again as de "Great Żura" by many aviation and industry observers who couwd not bewieve a warge, aww-weader fighter couwd be put drough its paces so spectacuwarwy. His performance wed to Bewgium purchasing de CF-100.
In its wifetime, 692 CF-100s of different variants were produced, incwuding 53 aircraft dewivered to de Bewgian Air Force. Awdough originawwy designed for onwy 2,000 hours, it was found dat de Canuck's airframe couwd serve for over 20,000 hours before retirement. Conseqwentwy, dough it was repwaced in its front wine rowe by de CF-101 Voodoo, de Canuck served wif 414 Sqwadron of de Canadian Forces at CFB Norf Bay, Ontario, untiw 1981, in reconnaissance, training and ewectronic warfare rowes. After de CF-100 was retired, a number of aircraft stiww remain across Canada (and ewsewhere) as static dispways.
Its pwanned successor, de CF-105 Arrow awong wif de sophisticated Orenda Iroqwois engine, bof Canadian-designed, were cancewwed in 1959 in a controversiaw decision by de Canadian government.
CF-100 Mk 1P : Proposed photo-reconnaissance version, uh-hah-hah-hah. Not buiwt.
CF-100 Mk 2T : Duaw controw training version of de CF-100 Mk 2. Two buiwt.
CF-100 Mk 3 : Two-seat aww-weader wong-range interceptor fighter aircraft. First production version for de RCAF. Eight .5-inch Browning M3 guns (200 rounds per gun) in a forward firing ventraw gun pack. 70 buiwt.
CF-100 Mk 3A : CF-100 Mk 3 sub-type, powered by two Orenda 2 turbojet engines. 21 buiwt.
CF-100 Mk 3B : CF-100 Mk 3 sub-type, powered by two Orenda 8 turbojet engines. 45 buiwt.
CF-100 Mk 3CT : One CF-100 Mk 3 converted into a duaw controw training aircraft. Later redesignated CF-100 Mk 3D.
CF-100 Mk 4 : Two-seat aww-weader wong-range interceptor fighter aircraft. Eight .5-inch Browning M3 guns (200 rounds per gun) in a forward firing ventraw gun pack. Pwus two wingtip pods of 29 x 70-mm (2.75 in) "Mighty Mouse" fin-fowding aeriaw rockets. One pre-production aircraft.
CF-100 Mk 4A : CF-100 Mk 4 sub-type, powered by two Orenda 9 turbojet engines. 137 buiwt.
CF-100 Mk 4B : CF-100 Mk 4 sub-type, powered by two Orenda 11 turbojet engines. 141 buiwt.
CF-100 Mk 4X : Proposed version of de CF-100 Mk 4. Not buiwt.
CF-100 Mk 5 : Two-seat aww-weader wong-range interceptor fighter aircraft, powered by two Orenda 11 or Orenda 14 turbojet engines. Two wingtip pods of 29 x 70-mm (2.75 in) "Mighty Mouse" fin-fowding aeriaw rockets. 332 buiwt.
CF-100 Mk 5D : Smaww number of CF-100 Mk 5s converted into ECM (Ewectronic Countermeasures), EW (Ewectronic Warfare) aircraft.
CF-100 Mk 5M : Smaww number of CF-100 Mk 5s eqwipped to carry de AIM-7 Sparrow II air-to-air missiwes.
CF-100 Mk 6 : Proposed version armed wif de AIM-7 Sparrow II air-to-air missiwe. Not buiwt.
15 May 1956. A CF-100 crashed into de Viwwa St. Louis at Orwéans, Ontario, kiwwing bof crewmen and 13 civiwians on de ground in what is known as de Convent Crash.
25 August 1958. Two CF-100s in a four-aircraft formation cowwided and crashed at No. 2 (F) Wing, Grostenqwin, France. One aircraft crashed into de base hospitaw and one crashed into a fiewd. Two peopwe were kiwwed in de hospitaw and dree aircrew were kiwwed.
Avro Canada CF-100 "Canuck" MK3D – Seriaw No. 18152. Manufactured at Mawton, Ontario, 1954. Served wif #3 Op. Training Unit, 428 Sqwad, 432 Sqwad., and de Ewectronic Warfare Unit. Stationed at CFB Suffiewd (1968–1994). Currentwy on dispway at de Nanton Air Museum, Nanton, Awberta.
18104 – CF-100 on static dispway at Royaw Miwitary Cowwege Saint-Jean in Saint-Jean-sur-Richewieu, Quebec.
18106 – CF-100 Mk.2 on static dispway at de Memoriaw Miwitary Museum in Campbewwford, Ontario.
18126 – CF-100 Mk.3D on static dispway at The Hangar Fwight Museum in Cawgary, Awberta.
18138 – CF-100 Mk.3B on static dispway at de Canadian Museum of Fwight in Langwey, British Cowumbia.
18152 – CF-100 Mk.3 on static dispway at de Bomber Command Museum of Canada in Nanton, Awberta.
18241 – CF-100 Mk.4A on static dispway at de Nationaw Museum of de United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio. It is painted in 428 Sqn cowours.
18393 – CF-100 Mk.4B on static dispway at de Imperiaw War Museum Duxford in Duxford, Cambridgeshire.
18488 – CF-100 Mk.5 on static dispway in Centenniaw Park in Moncton, New Brunswick.
18500 – CF-100 Mk.5D on static dispway at CFB Norf Bay in Norf Bay, Ontario.
18506 – CF-100 Mk.4B in storage at de Canadian Air, Land, and Sea Museum in Toronto, Ontario. It was previouswy on dispway at de RCAFA 447 Wing at Hamiwton Internationaw Airport, Mount Hope, Ontario.
18534 – CF-100 Mk.5 on static dispway at de Royaw Museum of de Armed Forces and of Miwitary History in Brussews.
18602 – CF-100 on static dispway at Hawiburton Highwands High Schoow in Hawiburton, Ontario.
18619 – CF-100 Mk.5 on static dispway at Pauw Coffey Park in Mawton, Ontario.
18626 – CF-100 Mk.5M on static dispway at Lee Park in Norf Bay, Ontario.
18731 – CF-100 Mk.5 on static dispway at de Royaw Miwitary Cowwege of Canada in Kingston, Ontario.
18759 – CF-100 on static dispway at de Reynowds-Awberta Museum in Wetaskiwin, Awberta.
18761 – CF-100 on static dispway at CFB Cowd Lake in Cowd Lake, Awberta.
18774 – CF-100 Mk.5 on static dispway at de Nationaw Air Force Museum of Canada in Trenton, Ontario.
18784 – CF-100 on static dispway at Air Force Heritage Park at CFB Winnipeg in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
100472 – CF-100 on static dispway at de Air Defence Museum at CFB Bagotviwwe in Saguenay, Quebec.
100476 – CF-100 Mk.4B on static dispway at de Awberta Aviation Museum in Edmonton, Awberta.
100504 – CF-100 Mk.5 on static dispway at de Castwe Air Museum at de former Castwe AFB in Atwater, Cawifornia.
100747 – CF-100 Mk.5 on static dispway at de Atwantic Canada Aviation Museum in Hawifax, Nova Scotia.
100757 – CF-100 Mk.5D on static dispway at de Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa, Ontario.
100760 – CF-100 Mk.5 in storage at de Canadian War Museum in Ottawa, Ontario. It was previouswy on dispway at CFB St. Hubert in Saint-Hubert, Quebec.
100779 – CF-100 Mk.5C on static dispway at de Peterson Air and Space Museum at Peterson Air Force Base near Coworado Springs, Coworado.
100785 – CF-100 Mk.5D on static dispway at de Canadian Warpwane Heritage Museum in Mount Hope, Ontario.
100790 – CF-100 on static dispway at de Comox Air Force Museum in Comox, British Cowumbia.
^ "Egwin Wiww Test New Aww-Weader RCAF Interceptor". The Okawoosa News-Journaw, Crestview, Fworida, Vowume 41, Number 3, 20 January 1955, p. 6.
^ "ADA-Arrow Piwots: Jan Zurakowski." Avroarrow.org. Retrieved: 31 October 2011.
^ "Egwin Tests Latest Canadian Jet Modew". The Okawoosa News-Journaw, Crestview, Fworida, Vowume 42, Number 14, 5 Apriw 1956, p. 20.
^ "CF-100 Veterans Reunite." Archived Juwy 7, 2011, at de Wayback Machine Comox Vawwey Echo, 18 September 1998. Retrieved: 7 February 2010.
^ "Engwish Ewectric Canberra B-57 Prototype." Archived Juwy 5, 2012, at de Wayback Machine Nationaw Museum of de USAF. Retrieved: 7 February 2010.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro CanadaCF-100, s/n 18104 RCAF". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro Canada CF-100Mk 2 Canuck, s/n 18106 RCAF". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "AVRO CANADA CF-100 CANUCK". The Hangar Fwight Museum. The Hangar Fwight Museum. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck". The Canadian Museum of Fwight. Canadian Museum of Fwight. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "CF 100". Bomber Command Museum of Canada. Nanton Lancaster Society. Retrieved 21 Juwy 2017.
^ "Avro CF-100 Mk.4A Canuck". Nationaw Museum of de US Air Force. 28 May 2015. Retrieved 21 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck, s/n 18241 RCAF". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Avro Canada CF-100 Mk 4B". Imperiaw War Museums. IWM. Retrieved 21 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro CanadaCF-100, s/n 18393, c/r G-BCYK". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro CanadaCF-100, s/n 18488 RCAF". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro Canada CF-100Mk 5M Canuck, s/n 18500 RCAF, c/n 526". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro Canada CF-100Mk 4B Canuck, s/n 18506 RCAF, c/n 406". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro CanadaCF-100, s/n 18534 CAF, c/n C-100/5/434". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro CanadaCF-100, s/n 18602 RCAF, c/n C-100/5/502". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro Canada CF-100Mk 5 Canuck, s/n 18619 RCAF, c/n C-100/5/519". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 21 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro Canada CF-100Mk 5M Canuck, s/n 18626 RCAF, c/n 526". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro Canada CF-100Mk 5 Canuck, s/n 18731 CAF, c/n C-100/5/631". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro CanadaCF-100, s/n 18759 RCAF, c/n C-100/5/569". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro CanadaCF-100, s/n 18761 RCAF". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Canuck". Nationaw Air Force Museum of Canada. Nationaw Air Force Museum of Canada. Retrieved 21 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck, s/n 18784 RCAF, c/n C-100/5/684". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro CanadaCF-100, s/n 100472 CAF, c/n C-100/4/372". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck (1952)". Awberta Aviation Museum. Archived from de originaw on 17 December 2016. Retrieved 21 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro CanadaCF-100, s/n 100476 CAF, c/n 376". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro Canada CF-100Mk 5D Canuck, s/n 100493 CAF". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "2012 BORDEN AIRSHOW: THE STATIC DISPLAYS". Keep Cawm and Remember. 1 Apriw 2015. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Avro Canada (A.V. Roe Canada, Ltd.) CF-100 Canuck Mk. V (CAN)". Castwe Air Museum. Archived from de originaw on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 21 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro Canada CF-100Mk 5 Canuck, s/n 100504 RCAF, c/n C-100/4/404". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "CF-100 Canuck". Atwantic Canada Aviation Museum. Atwantic Canada Aviation Museum. Retrieved 21 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro Canada CF-100Mk 5 Canuck, s/n 100747 CAF, c/n 647". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "AVRO CANADA CF-100 MK.5D (100757)". Canada Aviation and Space Museum. Ingenium. Retrieved 21 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro Canada CF-100Mk 5 Canuck, s/n 100760 CAF, c/n 660". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "CF-100". Peterson Air & Space Museum Foundation. Archived from de originaw on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 21 Juwy 2017.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Avro CanadaCF-100, s/n 100779 CAF". Aeriaw Visuaws. AeriawVisuaws.ca. Retrieved 22 Juwy 2017.
^ "Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck Mk. 5D". Canadian Warpwane Heritage Museum. Canadian Warpwane Heritage Museum. Retrieved 21 Juwy 2017.
^ "Avro Canuck". Comox Air Force Museum. Archived from de originaw on 30 Juwy 2012. Retrieved 21 Juwy 2017.
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^ Taywor and Awexander 1969, p. 51.
Bagwow, Bob. Canucks Unwimited: Royaw Canadian Air Force CF-100 Sqwadrons and Aircraft, 1952–1963. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Canuck Pubwications 1985. ISBN 0-9692246-0-5.
Lyzun, Jim. CF-100 Canuck. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: SMS Pubwishing, 1985. ISBN 0-920375-04-9.
Miwberry, Larry. The Avro CF-100. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: CANAV Books, 1981. ISBN 0-9690703-0-6.
Page, Ron, uh-hah-hah-hah. Canuck: CF-100 Aww Weader Fighter. Erin, Ontario, Canada: Boston Miwws Press, 1981. ISBN 0-919822-39-8.
Taywor, John W. R. and Jean Awexander.Combat Aircraft of de Worwd. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. ISBN 0-71810-564-8.
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Once back in my car and heading home, I asked myself why I took those pictures. Although I am a Fire Dispatcher, I am not a dispatcher for - or member of the Jordan Fire Department.
I thought about posting them on Facebook as some “cool photos”… But that was not quite a fit either.
Then, I started thinking about if or how I could use them here on FOF. How would I “frame” a blogpost to use the photos? What would the context of such a post be? Being a 9-1-1, Police, and Fire Dispatcher it would not be too hard to come up with a “public safety theme” – maybe something emphasizing both the Jordan Fire Department, and the Jordan Police Department.
As I drove home, the creative juices began flowing. I started thinking about what I could write about and some of the other photos I could use to highlight our local Police and Fire Departments. Should I do one post for both the police and fire departments? No. I decided that two posts – one for the police department and one for the fire department would be the way to go.
As I developed the idea, the possibilities beyond Jordan’s “public safety” elements crept into my mind. Soon, a flood of ideas began filling my mind, it was not long before the floodgates burst open – and the series “Our Home Town” spilled out!
Since the photos of the fire hall was the original catalyst for “Our Home Town”, it is only fitting that the first “Our Home Town” installment be dedicated to the Jordan Fire Department!
The Jordan Fire Department provides both Fire and Rescue services for the City of Jordan and the surrounding townships of Belle Plaine, St. Lawrence, Helena and Sand Creek. They also provide mutual aid to other surrounding cities and townships as needed.
The Jordan Fire and and Rescue Department consists of one fire station located at 501 Varner St. N. The fire station houses two engines, one ladder, one rescue truck, two brush trucks, one ATV, and a rescue boat.
This equipment is operated by a staff of (up to) 35 volunteer fire fighters led by Chief Steve Kochlin. Together they respond to approximately 125 calls annually, and are dispatched by the Scott County 9-1-1 Emergency Communication Center.
Inside the garage is Jordan Fire Department’s historic horse drawn steam pumper. Inside the display garage displayed in front the steam pumper is a placard that shares a little bit of history. According to the placard, this steam pumper first arrived in Jordan in the 1880’s and was used in the fire service until it was retired in 1925. The highlight of its career came during the September 1906 fire at C.H. Casey’s Hardware Store. When I look at the steam pumper, I get taken back to days of old. Days before automobiles, telephones, and electricity. It’s a “happy place” for me!
While doing researching for this post, I found very little information available about the our fire department on-line. (Heck, even the City of Jordan’s webpage does not have an official page for the Fire Department.) What I was seeking was some historical information about the Jordan Fire Department, the C.H. Casey hardware store fire, or the historic steam pumper.
With a lack of information available on line, and limited amounts of information on the placard inside the Steam Pumper’s garage, I turned to my next source for information on Jordan’s history – the two volume set of books titled “Jordan, Minnesota – A Newspaper Looks at a Town”.
These books contain highlighted news articles from our local newspaper (The Jordan Independent). Volume One contains newspaper articles from 1853-1900. Volume Two contains newspaper articles from 1900-1930. These books document some AMAZING history – including the first automobile that came to town, when electricity first arrived in Jordan, and the town’s first telephone line!
They were originally released in 1976 for the nation’s bicentennial. I would see one floating around the city in various lobbies, waiting rooms, and at the library from time to time but it was difficult to find one for sale anywhere. Then on the city’s sesquicentennial (150 year) anniversary, the books were re-printed and made available for public purchase again. I JUMPED at the chance, and am now a proud owner of the set!!
Using the “Jordan, Minnesota – A Newspaper Looks at a Town” books as my source, I began my search. I was not disappointed in what I found. I located many articles documenting the history of the fire department – and even better, I found a number of interesting articles specifically about the C.H. Casey Hardware Store Fire – and even one that mentions the steam pumper!
Here, you see one of the earliest photos (dated November 1887) of the Jordan Fire Department.
An interesting article accompanied the photo above. The article stated that due to minimal budgets, the Fire Department could not afford their own teams of horses, and to solve this problem the “town dads” are offering a cash premium to the first, second, and third man who arrived at the fire hall with a team of horses to pull their equipment to the fire scene. All residents were welcome to participate (you did not have to be a member of the fire department). The first to arrive would receive a $5.00 premium, the second would receive a $3.00 premium, and the third would receive a $2.00 premium – along with the opportunity of having a front row seat to the excitement of watching the fire fighters work on extinguishing the fire!
I went in search of the articles for 1906, and before long I located what I was looking for! Below (for your reading enjoyment) are copies of the articles and a few photos I was able to locate written about the C.H. Casey hardware store fire.
Note: I love the “historical dialect” and cadence the author(s) of these articles used back in the day! It’s so much fun to read! I would truly enjoy going back in time and visiting Jordan in 1906!
The proprietor had his face badly burned by the force of the explosion, but retained presence of mind enough to rush for a hand grenade and cast it into the flames.
Chas Groh, the metal worker, at once ran to give the alarm. As soon as the firemen could get a stream of water in play, it was thrown into the cellar, but to no avail.
So quickly did the smoke and gasses from the burning oil in the cellar fill the store that C.H.Casey had barley the time to lock the safe and get out the ledger that lay on the high desk, as well as some valuable papers laying in the drawer of that desk.
He was unable to get the money out of the cash register in the center of the store, as well as some $50 of lodge money that was in his desk. He wanted to dash in for this salvage, but a few restrained him, knowing it would be madness to venture into that infernal pit of poison smoke.
The fire was of the fiercest and most unconquerable that ever raged in Jordan. The hardware store was a total loss. The second Casey building, a frame structure, known as the old Erkens building, was also destroyed.
The fire siren wailed the alarm about 4pm yesterday. By 6pm, the whole building was a mass of ruins. The explosion occurred in the cellar, among a lot of oil barrels, and at once filled the building with poisonous gaseous smoke, black as midnight.
Mr. & Mrs. Casey had their living apartments above the store, and did not save even a handkerchief. Not even their most prized personal belongings were gotten out.
An elevator shaft reached from cellar to second floor. Through this the smoke and gasses rolled, filling the upper rooms. Mrs. Graham and son Frank, adjoining the store on the east, and their house burned. The saved some household goods.
The Schaefer store and apartments on the west had heave loss from smoke and water. Mrs. Mertens and daughter Mary, who lived in the upper rooms of the second Casey building, lost some household goods. H. A. Engler, across the street from the Casey's, suffered the loss of his fine plate glass front from the intense heat.
There was some wind, and several shingle roofs caught fire in the next block. But anxious watchers put out all such fires. At one time it looked as though every building in the he block west of the Casey store would go.
Chaska, Belle Plaine and New Prague were asked to send help.
New Prague and Belle Plaine came with their equipment, and Chaska was just about to start when the flames were brought under control. The M & St. L and Omaha railroads transported their equipment on special trains, free.
Losses were well covered by insurance, excepting C.H. Casey, who, after receiving all his insurance, will be financial loser by several thousand dollars.
Chas. Groh, John Schaefer and Werner Nolden deserve great praise for getting away 25 lbs of dynamite and 100 lbs of powder, in an outside magazine. Most of the material in the metal shop was saved.
Al Ricklick and crew have the debris cleaned up in the cellar of the late C.H. Casey store.
Some articles were rescued from the piles of brick and twisted iron, most of which will have to go to the junk dealer.
There are a few steel ranges that would make good camp or summer kitchen stoves.
Freaks of the fire have not been wanting. Down in the debris, workers found a couple of frail china dishes that came through almost unscathed, after falling 12 feet and lodging under hundreds of pounds of heavy brick and iron, and being through all the heat.
C.H.’s shaving mug, that had reposed in a dresser drawer upstairs, was found almost uninjured.
One sad feature of the conflagration was the death of C.H.’s hunting dog Tony. The faithful animal was somewhere in the store building when the explosion happened, and was never seen again.
A neighborly social function occurred last Saturday afternoon.
Mrs. C.H. Casey’s clothing have been destroyed in the fire, a large company of ladies gathered at the home of Mrs. John E. Casey and surprised her at a sewing and quilting bee.
The entire house was filled with busy seamstresses all afternoon, five sewing machines constantly whirring and the swift needles and nimble fingers accomplishing a great deal.
Those present were Mmes. Burns, Casswell, Champlivear, Engler, Groh, Habegger, Hartman, Juergens, Kehrer, Lonard, McMullen, Morgan, Margaret, Mertens, Nolden, Nicolin, Orr, Phillips, Phetteplace, Ricklick, Ruppert, Celia Straight, Mary SStrait, Shultz, Schaefer, Louise Schmitt, Edna Schmitt, Sly, Kate Wolf, Lizzie Wolf, and Mattie Wood and Misses Baihly, Ley, Mertens, Schmitt and Schaefer.
A lunch of salads, coffee, cake, etc. was served at 5 o’clock.
We desire to express our thanks to our neighbors who so kindly rendered assistance during the fire yesterday. We thank the Jordan firemen, and those from belle Plaine and New Prague.
It was not until Tuesday that the last smoldering embers of the fire in C.H. Casey’s hardware building were quenched.
The fire engine remained on duty all of last Wednesday night, throwing water almost continuously. But burning embers in masses of brick from the fallen walls continued to smoke until Tuesday.
The destruction of the fire was terribly complete. Most of the brick from the walls lies in the big basement, which ran the entire length of the structure.
The frame building to the west, formerly Erkens clothing store, later used as Casey’s metal worker’s shop, was likewise destroyed.
It looked at one time as though no power on earth could save Frank Pekarna’s meat market and Tony Waclavek’s shoe shop. But the fire was curbed before it reached them.
The Casey store was by unanimous verdict Jordan’s handsomest business building. In fact, it was known far and wide as the very best country hardware store in southern Minnesota.
A stock commensurate to the building was carried at all times. There was nothing in the hardware line you couldn’t find at Casey’s.
The building was built in 1901 and occupied for five years. It fronted on both Water St. and 1st St. Facing each street was a beautiful plate glass front, 33 feet wide. It was two stories high, with lofty ceilings. The interior was finely finished and appointed. All the counters, cabinets, etc were solid quarter sawed oak.
Mr. & Mrs. Casey have lost their home and store, but they have found their good neighbors. Every expression of sympathy and assistance has been theirs.
C.H.’s face has been swathed in bandages. His eyebrows and eyelashes were burned away by the explosion, and a considerable portion of the skin on his face was burned off also.
In a sense, however, he was luck, as the surgeon finding there will be no permanent traces of the face injuries.
It is the irony of fate that Casey has always taken extra precautions in the matter of explosives and inflammables. All his powder, dynamite, gasoline, and kerosene were kept outside. Only machine oils, greases, linseed oil and roof paints were stored in the cellar, well guarded.
A roof paint, guaranteed fireproof, was the cause of the explosion.
C.H. and the metal worker, Chas Groh were getting some out of a barrel. The former lighted a match to see if it was all taken out, and the exposition occurred.
The insurance policies aggregate $16,300. It is but a question of the time until the insurance will be paid. But the proprietor is still a heavy loser.
He intends to resume business here soon. It would be impossible to rebuild this fall, so he will open up at once in the old Mammoth Store.
As I flipped through the historical books, it became obvious that the Jordan Fire Department has had and will continue to develop a deep and lasting history. I could have spend hours delving into it, documenting countless historical events that help shape the Jordan Fire Department into what it is today - but in the end, I need to remember that I am not compiling a full and comprehensive history of the Fire Department. I am only trying to highlight some of the unique, interesting and wonderful things about life here in “Our Home Town” – Jordan, Minnesota! The Jordan Fire Department is one of those things!
Before I finish this post, allow me to bring you back – more than a century later – to June 2009. Here are a few photos of a the Jordan Fire Department “in action” during a more recent fire in our town! You can read more about this fire (and see even more photos) HERE!
I also want to give many thanks to the Jordan Independent and it’s Editor Mathias Baden for permission to share some of the rich history you have seen here!
Feel free to “Like” the Jordan Fire Department’s Facebook Page (located HERE) or the Jordan Independent’s Facebook Page (located HERE) if you wish!
One year ago I wrote a blogpost about how I Used To Read, and how I had hoped that our decision to acquire “a couple of Kindles for E-Reading” would have a positive influence on my lack of reading. I stated in that post that I was lucky if I read a novel a year – and after some deeper reflection I realized that this was greatly underestimated. I was actually lucky if I read one novel every FIVE years!
Well, it’s been one year since we picked up the Kindles.
I thought it would be a great idea to post an update.
At first, I was totally in love! The Kindle went with me to work, to the kids’ sports practices, anywhere I may have some down time. I located a number of sources for free content, and was filling my Kindle with copious amounts of reading material. My favorite source?? “Pixel of Ink”.
Like with any gadget the infatuation period will eventually come to an end. The Kindle was no different in some ways, yet in other ways it was VERY different!
I am happy to report that I still carry my Kindle with me quite frequently. Several times a week. Maybe not as often as I did when it was brand new, but it still comes with me often! Another great thing that has not changed about being a Kindle owner is the free content. Almost every day I check a number of websites that distribute lists of Kindle books that have been reduced in price, or are (temporarily) free!
So, that leads me up to today. What exactly have I accomplished with my “Kindle Time” (as I like to call it) in the year since the Kindles entered our lives?
I am very pleased to report that in the past twelve months I have completed TWELVE novels. That’s an average of one novel a month!! Much better than the one novel every SIXTY months that comprised my pre-Kindle average!
Currently, I have 115 novels on my Kindle (and that number grows by one or two a week!). Only two of the 115 have cost me anything. Those two books were both on sale for less than three dollars.
I have even delved into the world of borrowing Kindle books from our County Library System!!
My thoughts on the Kindle one year later? I feel NO buyers remorse for having bought them. This may not always be true of every gadget I purchase, but the Kindles have been a wise investment. (Even the Mother of Five agrees!) They have (and continue to) prove their value for the both of us!
Here’s another interesting tidbit… I was quite impressed and inspired by another dad-blogger’s idea.
Backside of Forty compiled a Reading List dating back to 2008! I was so inspired by his list that I created a Kindle Reading List of my own! It is now a regular component of The Life of a Father of Five.
Some of you may have visited it, some of you may not have. For those of you who have not (and who’s voyeuristic minds have a sick sense of needing to know and are interested in seeing what kind of books catch and hold my interest) – here is a link of the novels I completed last year (most recently completed on the top).
My full Kindle Reading Page includes a brief description of each of the books along with the link.
Tonight we grilled hamburgers for dinner. It has been quite a while since we last used the grill and (as you can plainly see) the whole grill was iced up. I had to “crack” it open, and scrape off the knobs to get it running again. Here you can see the grill warming up and the ice that has partially melted from the top.
Much like our grill, it’s time I get this blog thawed out and operational again!! | 2019-04-23T20:13:03Z | http://www.father-of-five.com/2013/01/ |
It's the Controllable Players' Offseason Review. Time to look over all 30 teams and rank how their offseasons looked given the current state and direction of each franchise. Keep in mind this is not a ranking of how I expect these teams to perform next season, just on what they accomplished over the offseason.
The White Sox seem lost and utterly without direction. Faced with rebuilding the club for the first time in his tenure, Kenny Williams showed that he’s a man much more comfortable when he can be the aggressive pursuer. Before even analyzing the off-season moves though, I’m curious as to why the team even felt the need to rebuild. Even with the disastrous seasons from Rios and Dunn in 2011, the White Sox still finished with 79 wins and they still play in the very winnable AL Central. I think if they beefed up their team a little they could have made a run at the division. Aside from that though, this is not how you go about rebuilding a team. A young controllable asset like Santos who has shown he can play in the big leagues is worth a lot more than what the Sox picked up in Nestor Molina. They also traded their best outfielder away for a 23 year old prospect who keeps sliding down rankings lists. Although Danks has been a fine starter to date, he had his worst season last year and committing $65 million to him at the start of a rebuild seems like a waste. He’ll put up decent numbers, but at a fairly high cost and for what cause? Overall the White Sox offseason just leaves me very confused about the state of the team, and bringing in managerial rookie Robin Ventura seems a bit short-sighted.
The Mets are about to have the largest drop in payroll in MLB History. This might be of some satisfaction to the fans if they were just coming off a championship or if they unloaded some bad contracts to give some prospects a shot. But this is a team that finished 25 games out of first last season and will do significantly worse this season. Not only did the Mets lose their All-Star shortstop, but they lost him to their division rival Marlins. The team didn’t improve their offense or defense. The bullpen may be slightly better, but it was expensive and who cares? So maybe they’ll blow one less save on their way to 65 wins. An owner facing lawsuits means no big signings in the biggest market in baseball. It all adds up to one awful winter.
The best news the Twins can hope for going into next season is to get Mauer and Morneau happy. If that doesn’t happen, the moves listed above will certainly not help the Twins chances of returning to the playoffs. Three years and $21 M to Willingham. Two years and $6.75 M to Carroll. Did I suddenly wake-up in a world where these are good baseball players? Those are large commitments to players who have on their best days have merely been average. Doumit will hold the fort while the franchise decides what to do with Mauer and Jason Marquis is well, a pitcher. The Twins have bought themselves some expensive mediocre performance in a year when they truly don’t expect to do well. To top it off they gave $10.5 M to a closer who last year managed only 4.7 K/9. With a pitching staff led by Carl Pavano, Mauer and Morneau won’t need to be just healthy, they’ll need to be at their MVP levels for this team to even sniff .500 this season.
The best thing I can say about the Orioles is that they seemed to show tremendous restraint with their own players. Letting Scott, Guerrero, and Reyes walk means they’ll be someone else’s problem this year. Look at that list of signings though, what a bunch of nobodys. Lindstrom pitched decently last year in the Coors air, Betemit can play multiple positions and comes fairly cheap, and the team has hopes that Chen can figure out North American ball, but let’s face it, if the Orioles ever return to glory it will not be because of any of the players listed above. They’re stop-gaps at best, and in the AL East that doesn’t play. Hopefully Britton can help the team overcome the loss of their de facto ace in Guthrie. The offseason didn’t give Orioles any hope for this season or the future, illustrated best when they were rejected by multiple candidates in their GM search. Maybe Duquette can turn it around for Baltimore, but history seems to suggest otherwise.
The worst part of the Astros offseason had to be finding out that they’ll be spending their future playing against the AL West. In what looks like to be an anyone-can-win down year in the AL Central the Astros are the one team which I feel more than comfortable counting out. I like the trade of Melancon for Jed Lowrie who’s young and has shown flashes between injuries that he could be the real deal. Jack Cust will serve as a DH who strikes out way too much. Unfortunately the Astros can’t use him as a DH for another year. Hernandez and Duke can hopefully stay healthy enough to eat some innings but I wouldn’t expect anything beyond that. There’s just nothing here that will really help the Astros in the future.
The Dodgers had last year’s Cy Young and winner and 2nd place MVP finisher and they did their job this offseason by extending their contracts (although Kershaw’s only covers arbitration years). However beyond those two studs there is not a lot to like about this team. Although Kuroda looked like he was seeking greener pastures and Garland’s best days are probably behind him Capuano and Harang will not be able to replicate their performance. The Dodgers needed a lot more offense and Rivera in LF for two more years with the hitless combo of Ellis, Kennedy, and Hairston Jr. in the infield will provide next to nothing. It would have been a lot better to skip the aging veterans and try to see if guys like Dee Fordon are the real deal. It’s a lot of treading water for another former glory team with an owner in financial trouble.
After their epic September collapse last season the Braves held pat this offseason and returned with almost the same lineup they finished with. It wasn’t the worst plan. A full season out of Bourn, a bounce-back year from Heyward, and another jump from Freeman is worth a few more wins. Unfortunately the rest of the division got a lot better. The starting rotation is still a bit of a question mark. Although the team allowed the second lowest runs in the league last season a lot of that was on the back of their tremendous bullpen. Hudson and Hanson can hopefully play a full season, but Jurrjens vastly overperformed last season and is a major regression candidate. Beachy and Minor do not have a lot of games under their belts and with inning eater Derek Lowe gone they will have to perform all season for the Braves to stay in contention. It wasn’t the wrong move to trust the guys already on the team going forwards, but looking at the rest of the division, a better shortstop or left fielder definitely wouldn’t have hurt.
It’s tough to be a fan of the Oakland A’s. A year after finishing 22 games out of the division and seeing the two teams ahead in the standings improve, the A’s trade away 2 of their best pitchers. Now given the current state of the team this wasn’t such a bad move. They got a good return for both Cahill and Gonzalez and I’d expect both to regress having left the Coliseum. Beane also pulled off his favourite move of turning a closer into a position player. Seth Smith could be a breakout player for the future and the fact that he batted similarly last season away from Coors as he did at it is a good sign. The A’s let a couple veterans walk and brought in some others on the cheap. Overall I actually liked the A’s offseason, right up until they signed Cespedes. For a team that cries poor and just gave away two young major league proven controllable players to build for the future, it seems completely reckless to give $36 M to a player who’s only experience outside of Cuba has been a World Baseball Classic and a few weeks in the Dominican League. Maybe he’s being brought in as a trade chip, but to me it seems as if it’s tying a lot of money up in a player that won’t be around when the A’s are competitive again.
I rank the Cubs this high not because of any of the players listed above, but because they were able to bring in the front office duo of Theo Epstein and Jed Hoyer. With those two leading the way the future looks bright. As for this season, it doesn’t look great. The Cubs are in a rebuilding mode so letting Ramirez and Pena walk was definitely the right decision. Zambrano obviously had to go but I’m not a huge fan of getting Volstad in return. He may be a major league pitcher, but he shows no signs of becoming a front-line starter. I would rather have gone for something slightly riskier but with greater potential. I like Sean Marshall but he was expendable and Wood could be worth a look. Rizzo has definite star potential and it was good of the Cubs to swoop in and nab him from the Padres who were looking to unload after acquiring Alonso. Aside from Rizzo there isn’t a lot here to look forward to, but the team is in a good position to rebuild going forward.
The worst thing the Indians did last season was win. By hanging with the Tigers until mid-August the Indians deluded themselves into thinking they actually have a good team. That could be the only possible reason to justify the Casey Kotchman signing. Kotchman has a nice glove but absolutely no power. His slugging ranked second last to Mitch Moreland in the AL last season. Kotchman is the kind of guy you bring in if you have all the right pieces in play to make a playoff run but could use a small upgrade at first. After eight seasons he is what he is and that ain’t much. The worst part about it is that it blocks players like LaPorta, Canzler, and Duncan from getting playing time at first. Those guys have had their ups and downs but I’d say it’s much more likely that one of them steps up to put the Indians over the edge in the future than Kotchman. The rest of the offseason isn’t anything special. Sizemore came back cheap and will try to avoid injury for another year. The Braves ate most of Lowe’s salary, and although he’s not the player he once was, he’s been durable going 180+ IP for the last 10 seasons. The future looks bright for the Indians, but they have to give their own guys a chance to make it happen.
For a team that won the World Series two years ago and just allowed the fewest runs against in the league the Giants did not do anything to make me think they can return to the playoffs. They traded away their most expendable starting pitcher to bring in an outfielder who for the first time in his career played at an above average level and the Torres for Pagan swap seems close to a wash. The Giants will need to score a lot more runs next season having scored the fewest in the NL. Fortunately they play in the NL West where anything goes. So although the Giants didn’t do anything in the offseason to vastly improve their playoff odds, if they give kids like Belt time over Huff combined with the excellent rotation, it could be enough to put them back in the playoff chase.
The Padres had a lot of turnover this offseason, mostly for the better. Latos is a stud and will be missed, but the club believes in Alonso and if Volquez stays healthy he’ll find that Petco will make him look like a decent replacement. Carlos Quentin isn’t cheap but he’ll help the Padres improve on the second worst NL offense from last season. Letting Bell walk was a great move since he’s getting up in age and ended up being incredibly overpaid. Huston Street, although not the most high powered closer will get the job done and should see his homerun troubles dissipate in Petco. I wouldn’t count out anyone in the NL West this year, but with some big steps from Alonso and the young but talented pitching staff the Padres could be competitive in the NL West soon.
The Rockies will be set with the bats this season but the rotation is a huge question mark. I liked the Scutaro acquisition but Casey Blake is well past is prime and although Cuddyer will hit, they could have gotten similar production without spending $31 M. Guthrie is better than the previous rotation options but his troubles with the long ball could be disastrous in Coors. There were no big losses from the Departures. Wigginton’s versatility may have been nice last year but Cuddyer can do the same thing but better and the infield has been improved anyway.
The Mariners were in a tough spot this offseason. After finishing last year scoring by far the fewest runs in the league, they had to watch the two best teams in the division sign major impact free agents. Although fans may have been clamouring for Fielder, this team is much too far from contending to offer the type of contract it inevitably took to sign him. The Mariners therefore spent most of their offseason signing relievers to one year contracts and going for low-risk fliers on guys like Millwood. The biggest move of the offseason was obviously the Montero for Pineda trade. Although the Mariners offense may have been anemic and their pitching is decent I worry that this move is a little short-sighted. Pineda has shown a power arm with definite ace potential and that is almost always more valuable to a team than an all-star bat. If Montero is able to stick at catcher the trade looks a lot better for the Mariners but all indications are that won’t be the case. Committing to a DH long-term when the team needs to rebuild so much doesn’t seem as wise as holding onto the young controllable pitcher.
Ever since Nomar the Red Sox have been struggling to fill their shortstop position. It seemed like the combination of Scutaro and Lowrie was enough to get by though. After the loss of Papelbon, trading Lowrie for Melancon was a reasonable move. When Scutaro was sent to the Rockies though in what seemed like a straight salary dump, it left a massive hole at shortstop which Punto and Aviles will struggle to fill. Still, it all would have made sense if that money was directed towards a starter such as Oswalt to fill the hurting rotation. That move never came though. Instead the Red Sox will enter next season with two converted relievers in their rotation. For a team coming off a historic collapse with a few positions of definite need it was strange to see the Red Sox not act on available talent. Andrew Bailey will fill in nicely in the closer role, but there are a few hundred more innings in the rotation that desperately need to be addressed.
The Kansas City Royals are a team that may finally be only a couple years away from contending and they approached this offseason with that in mind. Trading Melky Cabrera after his career year not only made room for the team to look at Lorenzo Cain but also let them pick up Jonathan Sanchez. Sanchez has shown before that he has the ability to strike out more than enough at the major league level to make him worthwhile, and if he can cut his walk rate down he could become a valuable piece of the Royals rotation. Broxton was a fairly cheap pickup and could be a valuable trade chip at the deadline if he rediscovers his ways from a few seasons ago. No big moves, but if guys like Hosmer and Moustakas can take the next step, this team could battle for the division soon and for years to come.
The 6 players listed above who re-signed or extended over the offseason put up a combined 4.7 WAR last season. Some of those guys will be backups so it isn’t as big of a deal, but multi-year deals for guys like Bloomquist or McDonald seems foolish. Was there a lot of competition for those guys’ services? Kubel should be able to provide a decent outfield bat but he’s going to have to show that he can be the guy with the road splits from last year instead of the power-drained batter in Target Field. Trevor Cahill makes a nice addition and the pitching staff should keep them as NL West favourites, especially if Trevor Bauer can make it to the bigs.
Fielder may have taken his talents to Detroit but it’s tough to fault the Brewers for letting him go. They got 6 productive years from him but the amount it would have cost to hold onto him just didn’t make sense for a team in the financial position of Milwaukee. Instead the team signed Aramis Ramirez to a 3 year, $36 M deal. Although he’s on the downside of his career, he should be able to put up the numbers that make the contract worthwhile. I also like the signing of Alex Gonzalez. Although he’s never been able to get on base at a high enough clip, given the shortstop free agent market after Reyes, he was the right move to help the fans forget about Betancourt. K-Rod accepting arbitration screwed the Brewers but I don’t think that money was necessarily being robbed from improving the team so it isn’t a huge loss. The Brewers didn’t make any big moves but they didn’t really have to. The division was weakened and they still have a solid rotation and enough offense to compete even without Fielder.
It feels weird to go through on offseason without the Rays pulling out an “Are you kidding me?” sort of move. The Rays were a playoff team last year though and they improved on their biggest area of need. Casey Kotchman is not the type of first baseman that a team can usually compete with in the AL East. The platoon of Scott and Pena will make up for the lack of corner power from last season. The Matt Moore signing was right out of the Rays playbook and a full season of him in the rotation will improve what was already the AL’s best staff. A full season of Desmond Jennings in the outfield will also be a marked improvement. Overall the Rays didn’t make any big changes, but they improved on their weak points and should again be competing for the division title.
A strange offseason of turnover for the Cardinals. It’s weird to think that an offseason involving the loss of franchise faces Albert Pujols and Tony La Russa could have actually been a good one for the Cardinals. Pujols is 32 and has seen his performance decline for 3 straight seasons. He’ll definitely put up all-star numbers for a few more years but will it be that much better that what Carlos Beltran will do for the next two? In a weakened division with Furcal and Wainwright back, the Cardinals have a definite chance of returning to the playoffs. Although if Pujols were still in the mix they would be the definite favourites.
The Jays are a team hoping for a lot of internal improvement and used the offseason only to touchup the roster. If guys like Snider, Rasmus, Lawrie, Arencibia, Morrow, Cecil, Alvarez, and Drabek take the next step in their young careers the Jays could be a force to be reckoned with. The bullpen should be improved from last year and also contains a few pieces that could be swapped at the deadline if the team is out of contention. It would have been good to see a big signing to replace Adam Lind who needs to show that he can hit lefties if he wants to remain a starter in the AL East, but the team could do worse than giving him another chance. The farm system is blossoming with talent and it wouldn’t be a surprise to see some of it in the big leagues or traded for big pieces sooner than later. For now though, it’s tough to see the Jays as more than the fourth best team in the division, but the outlook is definitely trending upwards.
The Papelbon contract was obscene, over-the-top, and completely the right move for this team. The Phillies are in complete win-now mode and having to shill out money to overpaid veterans like Papelbon or Rollins in a few years will be meaningless if the Phillies can take home another World Series or two now. Acquiring Wigginton will serve the Phillies well as he plays multiple positions and should help out a lot while Howard is out. Chad Qualls will be able to replace Lidge in the bullpen and Thome should provide a good bat off the bench, although I’d worry seeing him in the field at all with Howard out. I would have liked to see the Phillies give Oswalt another chance but Worley looks like the real deal and only the top of the rotation will matter in a playoff series. In a few seasons this team may be falling apart but for now they’re doing what they need to to win this year, which given the state of the franchise is probably the best move to make.
The Pirates most important move this offseason was locking up franchise cornerstone Andrew McCutchen to a very fair 6 year deal. I like the rest of the team’s moves as well. Bedard and Burnett provide some power for cheap at the top of the rotation and Barmes will be a good improvement and shortstop. If Pedro Alvarez and Jose Tabata can make the leap, don’t be surprised if the Pirates make some noise in the weakened NL Central this coming season.
The Rangers don’t have a lot to improve on coming off two straight pennants but it’s difficult to look at Mitch Moreland and not think that maybe going after a first baseman would have been their best offseason plan. The Rangers instead chose to spend extravagantly on Darvish, the most expensive pitching signing of the offseason. He comes with a lot of question marks, but so did re-signing C.J. Wilson, so it seems like they made the right decision. Joe Nathan looked like he was back at the end of last season, but it’s a small sample size and one I don’t think I would give 2 years and $14 M to find more about. If Feliz makes a seamless transition to the rotation the Rangers will be favourites to return to the World Series again, but it’s still tough to look at first base and not think they could have done more.
The signing of Prince Fielder alone puts them into the top 10 but the Tigers have a lot of question marks this season and most of them will come down to how Leyland chooses to handle the team. Long spells of Miguel Cabrera at third or Austin Jackson batting leadoff could be just enough to let other teams in the division get a sniff of the lead. Doug Fister also needs to show that his third of a season with across the board improvement in his numbers in Detroit was not a fluke. The team will not miss Brad Penny as Jacob Turner should fill his spot in the rotation and hopefully break-out to what the scouts think he can be. The Tigers benefit from playing in an extremely weak division but I know I’m not the only one excited to see Miggy and Fielder batting back-to-back in Detroit this season.
The Nationals have arrived. They’ve turned over their rotation, bringing in Gio Gonzalez and Edwin Jackson, and welcoming back Stephen Strasburg. Edwin Jackson didn’t seem like a realistic signing earlier in the offseason but with no one offering him a multi-year deal, the Nationals swooped in and grabbed him on the cheap. Bryce Harper will be with the team soon and Desmond, Espinosa, and Ramos should all improve this season. The team will be better the less LaRoche has to play and with Ankiel, Bernandina, and DeRosa in the mix, there’s definitely the possibility that one of them breaks out. The Nationals are young and definitely have their work cut out for them, but with the extra wild card team and Werth playing back to his Phillies numbers this team could definitely be in the playoff mix this season.
The Reds saw an opening at the top of the division this season and spent the offseason doing all they could to try and fill it. Alonso was blocked at the major league roster and became expendable. Getting ace Mat Latos for him was a great haul. As a result of his fallout with the Phillies, Madson came cheap on a one year deal, and him and Marshall will be solid additions in the bullpen. I worry that the rotation still isn’t strong enough but it was a weak FA class this offseason and the Reds did great on the trade market. It may not end up being enough to win the division, but they did the best with what they had and if guys like Rolen and Stubbs can bounce back they will definitely be in the mix.
The Angels signed the best position player and pitcher on the free agent market, what’s not to like? Well for one, the length of the contract given to Pujols, and two, the best pitcher on the free agent market means a lot less in such a weak free agent class. They sport a phenomenal rotation but seem to have a glut of aging veterans on the field. They tried to relieve it by trading Abreu for Burnett but that was struck down by AJ’s veto. Scioscia is going to have to find a way to get trout up to the big leagues but with Wells, Hunter, Abreu, Trumbo, Bourjos, and Morales all in the mix for playing time that may prove difficult. All those guys are capable though, or at least have been in the past, so there are worse problems to have. The team will also benefit from losing Scioscia’s favourite pet project in Mathis. If Scioscia lets his best guys play though, this is a team that we’ll definitely hear more from come October.
It was a relatively quiet offseason for the Yankees but they did a better job of addressing their needs than any team in baseball. The Yankees offense put up the most runs in the league last season but lack of depth in their starting rotation forced them to give 51 starts to major question marks in Freddy Garcia and Bartolo Colon. After bringing in Pineda and Kuroda this will no longer be an issue. Montero was tough to give up, but the Yankees will be set at DH for the future with their aging veterans, so Pineda will be a staple in the rotation for many years to come. Ibanez will also help on the depth chart and provide some lefty power off the bench. The Yankees didn’t make many major moves this offseason but they filled the few holes on a division winner well. They’ll be contending for the World Series as usual this post season.
After years of cheapskating through the National League the Marlins moved ballparks and finally opened the purse strings. After bringing in manager and part-time entertainer Ozzie Guillen to lead the new team, they made the first big splash of the offseason by signing Jose Reyes. He’s a dynamic shortstop who will help the team’s defense not only by his own merits but by pushing Hanley Ramirez over to third. I love watching Buehrle pitch with his trademark speed and he’ll be a great veteran presence in the rotation. Zambrano is a bit of a question mark at this point, but with the Cubs eating almost the entire contract it was a great move. The Heath Bell money could have probably been better spent upping their offer to Pujols a bit or by adding more depth but the Marlins wanted to make a loud statement and they certainly did. Miami made some big jumps this offseason and should now contend for the Wild Card in the stacked NL East. | 2019-04-20T16:24:37Z | http://www.controllableplayers.com/2012/03/ |
Today you are going to see something about your health, your wealth and your future. It’s the most important part of your health and it is the water you drink. Because you are 71% water, there is nothing more important than the water you drink. Water is so important to your body that every organ in our body runs on water. We are lubricated with water. We are heated with water. We are cooled with water. When you get something in your eye water cleanses and expels the object. Water carries nutrients into our bodies. There is nothing more important to your health, your wealth and your future than the water you drink. As we discuss “The Journey of Water” most of the questions you have ever had about water will be answered. Throughout this water show you are going see some things about water that you have never seen before. I want you to think about it and make a decision in your own personal life. What are you going to do about the water you drink? Because that is your job as we go through this show is to decide, “What kind of water are you going to drink?” You are going to learn some things about water that you have never learned before. Today we are going to put tap water on trial. This water right here is tap water (Reed turns on tap and fills bowl with tap water). We are going to prove that this water is absolutely filthy and unable to do the job water was intended to do. This is distilled water (Reed turns on tap and fills another bowl with distilled water). We are going to prove that distilled water is absolutely pure, is able to do the job water is intended to do, and distilled water is the water we should put in our body. We will be able to see the difference between these two waters. The first test we will conduct is called “The Boil Test.” What we do is boil down a ½ a cup of distilled water in this pot over here. It’s the only thing my wife makes me cook. We also boil down a ½ a cup of tap water in this other pot. Now if these waters are clean when they boil out of these pots, then the only thing that should be left in the pots is… nothing right, if the water is clean. We will find out, “Which water is the cleanest?” The tap water or the distilled water. We will start that test right now because it takes a few minutes to compete it. While we are waiting for The Boil Test, we will conduct “The Electricity Test”. One question I have here is, “Does water conduct electricity?” If it is tap water, it is absolutely filthy and we know it does. (Reed then picked up an instrument with a light bulb attached to a long clear tube with two long metal prongs.) If I touch these two wires together that light goes on. If you were an electrician you would call this a “normally open circuit.” If I put this in distilled water, it does what it is supposed to do and that is nothing. Because those wires are not touching and it is an open circuit the light should not turn on. But if I put it in tap water, it closes that gap. There is something in the water that is making that gap close. The difference between these two waters is this water is absolutely filthy water and this water is absolutely pure water. Tap water started out as distilled water. In nature we have lakes, rivers and streams. The sun heats these vessels of water up and the water vapor rises into the upper atmosphere, where it cools and is condensed. Whenever you take water and change it to vapor and then back to water, that is water distillation. Distilled water is completely clean and pure and void of pollutants. The rain water (or distilled water) falls through an absolutely filthy atmosphere. The rain water is absolutely pure and is distilled water but everything in the air is gathered up by the distilled water as it falls down to the earth. We have emissions from factories, smog from cities, solvents from all kinds of chemicals, emissions from cars, trains, planes, and buses. All of that is in the air, that is one the reason the light turns on in the tap water. Our tap water then hits the ground, in one teaspoon of dirt we have billions of bacterium, virus and parasites. The reason we do is because every animal or insect that has ever lived, reproduced, died and decomposed has become part of the soil. And that is the food for the bacterium, virus, and parasites. When the rain hits the ground it picks up these bacterium, virus, parasites, decomposed animals and insects. It carries them to a like to a river, stream, lake, or well and that water is full of everything that is in the soil. It comes to a lake where fish live and die there. And we drink that. We drink everything that is in the soil, every microorganism, everything that comes in contact with water , water absorbs and transports. Then the water comes to a Water Treatment Plant, where we are chemically treating our water, that is why it is called the Treatment Plant. Our water is exposed to many chemicals. This is a newspaper in Utah called Capital Connections- News for and about people and government, with the Utah State Seal here. On the back in an article titled, “Making sure your water is safe.” Written by Carol Sisco with the Utah Department of Environmental Quality and Public Information Office. The article quotes Dr. Eva Nieminski, who has a PHD in Environmental Engineering and is over all 50 Water Treatment Plant in the State of Utah. Dr. Nieminski said: “We’re learning about very resistant pathogens in water. They are very difficult to kill so you need strong disinfectants. These chemicals may ultimately cause cancer over a lifetime. So the question becomes, would you rather have diarrhea today, or cancer over a 70-year period?” Raise your hand. So who wants diarrhea? Who wants cancer? Pretty good choice there huh. Those are the two choices we have drinking tap water. I think we should drink something else other than tap water. The cancer they are talking about is Prostate Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Colon Cancer… your Urinary Tract Cancers because that is where water goes first and your body is exposed to all of those chemicals. We know chlorine mixes with acids in water and that causes tri-ethylene compounds. Tri-ethylene compounds are linked to spontaneous miscarriage and various cancers according to John Hopkins University in New York and USA Today. When our water leaves the water Treatment Plant it travels though the pipe system. Some of these pipe systems are hundreds of miles long and hundreds of years old. In Ogden, Utah where we are filming this Watershow, our pipes are 108 years old. Made of cast iron pipes with lead joints. The tap water goes back and forth through hundreds of miles of pipe and then comes up into our tap. We turn on our taps on and drink out of our beautiful faucets and think nothing about the journey that water has been on. The Journey of Water is a long, filthy journey. Everywhere that water has been is everywhere we walk. Everything on the bottom of your shoe is in your water if you ever think of it that way. That is why when we put the light in tap water it conducts electricity. There are 80,000 chemicals in our water. In 1903 we had 3 people in 100 dying of cancer. In that hundred years until now we have developed 80,000 commercially produced chemicals. Today 1 in 4 people die of cancer and 1 in 3 people get cancer and the cancer rate is still rising. You think about the chemicals in our lives, we wash our hair with chemicals, we brush our teeth with chemicals, we wash our clothes with chemicals, we have chemical on our food… we are a chemical society. The only thing that takes that out of our bodies is the water we drink. Water absorbs and cleans everything out of our body as is goes through our system. Distilled water is totally different. Distilled water does not conduct electricity and we know it is absolutely pure water. The Journey Distilled Water is different than tap water. Water is brought to a boil in a heating chamber. The steam rises and leaves all of the impurities behind in the boiling chamber. The steam is forced through the coil and the fan cools the coil and changes the steam into 99.9% pure water. Periodically we drain this boiling chamber out. So for example, when we have made 50 gallons of water through the distillation process what was in 50 gallons of water in now is trapped in the boiling chamber. When we clean that boiling chamber out we are totally amazed with the amount of filth that is in that boiling chamber. (Reed holds up a quart sized clear jar with a thick brown silt substance.) This is the filth in 50 gallons of Salt Lake City tap water. And people wonder why they are getting sick and why they are getting diseases. This is Ogden City Utah water right here. (Reed hold up a quart sized clear jar with a thick white substance.) You never would believe it if you didn’t see it for yourself. After we distilled 80 gallons of Morgan City water we found this in the boiling chamber. (Reed holds up a quart sized clear jar with a sea blue substance.) Does that look like one of the chemicals they use at the Water Treatment Plant? (Reed holds this quart jar up to a contain filled with the chemical copper sulfate. Both containers look the same.) It does, doesn’t it…looks like the chemical Copper Sulfate. Now the reason they add Copper Sulfate into the water is because they have algae growing in the water pipelines and Copper Sulfate kills algae. Algae won’t hurt us will it, but when it starts to die a rot in the water it smells. Many of you have smelled the algae in the Great Salt Lake when it dies, it has quite a foul odor. When that same gas in is the water pipes and chlorine is injected in the water supply, the reaction of the algae gas and chlorine it creates Tri-elemethane Gas . Tri-elemethane Gas is very carcinogenic. That is where we come up with Prostate Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Colon Cancer and other cancers. I met a lady who said she only drinks water from the North Ogden spring. Here is 30 gallons of North Ogden water. (Reed holds up a quart size clear jar with a thick white substance.) That is what Is in the spring. Remember whenever you are drinking right out of the ground, right out of the dirt, you are drinking dirt. You are drinking filth. You are drinking everywhere you have walked. You are drinking everything that is on your shoe. It doesn’t matter where that water is from the filth is there. These inorganic minerals are what we are drinking. This is right out of a distiller. (Reed holds up a plate with white, crusty, hard materials.) Does that look like it would be good for the inside of our bodies? Dr. Charles Mayo of the Mayo Clinic said “Water hardness (inorganic minerals in solution) is the underlying cause of many, if not all, of the diseases resulting from poisons in the intestinal tract. These (hard minerals) pass from the intestinal walls and get into the lymphatic system, which delivers all of its products to the blood, which in turn, distributes to all parts of the body. This is the cause of much human disease.” In Dr. Banik’s book “The Choice is Clear” he says, “If you are concerned about arthritis, hardening of the arteries, kidney stones, gall stones, cataracts, glaucoma, loss of hearing, diabetes, obesity or emphysema. Do not drink the inorganic minerals found in water.” He is just talking about the inorganic minerals, we have talked about 80,000 different chemicals in our water. We have talked about the insects, bacterium, parasites, virus, and dead animals in our water. When I installed a water distiller in my home, during the very first week this is what we took out of the water. That is what six people would have drank in tap water in just the first week. When I got showing this to people and my wife and kids they were astonished. Can you see right there? Look there are actually animal hairs here. There are six animal hairs in this bottle. (Reed holds up a quart sized clear jar with a white substance and points to one of the six thick, course, dark animal hairs.) When I called the Water Treatment Plant manager and asked him why there were animal hairs in my drinking water, he said “I thought they took that all out.” I said, “Well what animal was it?” He said, “We don’t know what the animal was, it was too badly decomposed.” I said, “Well why didn’t you tell everybody that they were drinking a dead animal this week?” And he said, “Oh don’t worry we put more chlorine in your water!” Chlorine is 400,000 times more poisonous that DDT. It is linked to a lot of diseases, even cardiovascular disease because it roughens up the artery walls which causes inorganic materials to stick to your blood vessel walls. Because a rough spot makes it easier for things to stick. You may go around for 10, 20,30, 40, 50, 60, or 70 years before you have any cardiovascular disease cause you any problems. But if the wrong blood vessel gets plugged off, they call that a heart attack. If the wrong blood vessel in your brain gets plugged off, they call that a stroke. If the inorganic minerals get into our body, into our joints, in our ear, it can cause aging diseases that we don’t have any cure for. Right here in the laboratory let’s take distilled water through the same journey as tap water has been on and make the light go on. We will have to add a lot of things to the distilled water. First we will add bacterium, virus, and parasites, I will wash my hands in this distilled water. (Reed then washes his hands with the distilled water in the bowl.) Five parts per million will make this light go on. We will see just how dirty my hands are. (Reed placed the light bulb test module into the distilled water. The light does not turn on.) Tap water is still hundreds of times dirtier than this distilled water I washed my hands in. Do you know the really funny thing about this? (Reed scoups up ½ cup of the water and offers it to an audience member to drink.) You won’t drink this water will you? The audience member answers “No!” Reed said, “Why not?” “It is still hundreds of times cleaner than tap water.” Did you just see what your eyes did to your brain? You saw something in your water! What do you really want in your water? Nothing, me too! When I saw this for the first time that is what I decided, “I don’t want anything in my water!” I wanted clean water. Let’s take this experiment a little bit further… let’s add some inorganic minerals to it. We’ll add some chemicals from farms and factories in there. Then we will stir it up. What is it starting to look like now? Mountain Dew right? Now we will take it to the water treatment plant where we will add some technology to the water and we will stir that around. With the right amount of chemicals we can make that awful looking yellow water look just like tap water. (After adding all of the inorganic minerals, chemicals, and other pollutants the water color was yellow. Then the water treatment chemical was added and it changed the color of the water from yellow to the color of tap water.) Isn’t that cool. Now let’s see if we made this distilled water into tap water. Let’s see if the light will go on. (Reed puts the device in the water and the light bulb turns on.) Yep! Now according to Dr. Eva Nemenski that water is safe to drink. (Reed scoops out some water and offers it to an audience member) You don’t want to drink it? Why not, it is safe? What is the definition of safe water? Won’t cause Diarrhea today. Let’s see what we have done with this TDS meter. TDS stands for Total Dissolved Solids, that means anything that is totally dissolved in the water will show up on this TDS meter. (Reed places the TDS meter in a cup of distilled water. Reed has an audience member read the meter.) What does the TDS meter read? Zero. This means zero parts per million. Tap water from Ogden City reads what? 308 parts per million. Now let’s find check out the distilled water we added all that filth to and made into tap water. What does it read? 54 parts per million. That is still six times cleaner than tap water. Can you imagine how much filth is in tap water? If you could see where that tap water has been – the animal carcuses, the dead insects, the inorganic minerals, all the chemicals that are in this water. If you could see what was in this tap water making the TDS meter read 308 parts per million, you would never drink it and you shouldn’t. We only had 54 parts per million in this water and you saw everything I put in that. You wouldn’t even drink the water after I just washed my hands in it. We had 26 little kids here one day and they all washed their hand in this distilled water and it still wasn’t dirtier that tap water. It still did not have as high of a TDS reading as the tap water. Let’s check out our pots and the Boil Test. This pot had tap water and this pot had distilled water. Is there a big difference between these two pots? Remember this is just a half a cup of water boiled down. (The pot with distilled water is clean. The pot with tap water has a white residue of film on the bottom of the pot.) How many cups of water are we supposed to drink in a day? 8 cups. This is 8 cups of tap water boiled down. (Reed showed another pot with more white residue.) That is what you are drinking into your body every day! That is one day, here is 7 days, here is 365 days, and this is ten years. (Reed showed different sizes of jugs containing filth from water.) How old are you? If you are 45 you have run 4.5 of these through your body. This is what your body has to deal with drinking tap water. Our bodies are wonderful machines aren’t they. They can handle a lot of filth, but after so many years of drinking filth into our body it has an accumulation effect. And someday it is going to cause us some health problems. If we had a new BMW and we opened up the hood and poured this down the oil spout of that car, what would the dealer say to us about the warranty of that car engine? He would say it is void, wouldn’t he. (Reed held up the plate of hard, crusty inorganic minerals.) You know our bodies are the same way. Our bodies are the finest piece of machinery on earth. Our body depends on proper maintenance to run smoothly. And our body is the most amazing machine in the world. It is run on solar power, we eat carbohydrates and they are produced by the sun. And we reproduce. And when we get a cut we heal; we have a pretty neat machine. Does your car fix itself when it breaks. It doesn’t does it. Our bodies are 71% water. There is nothing more important to our body that the water we drink. And if we are putting this much filth in our bodies, our machine every day. (Reed holds up the pot with 1 days worth of filth.) We will void the warranty on our machine. How long to we get to stay in our machine? Until we wear it out, until we put enough filth in it and we wear it out. Then we get to leave our machine. So there is nothing more important to us than our health. We can have all the money we want, we can have all the time we want, we can squander all of the money and time we want. BUT is we squander our health, all of our time and money will be spent trying to get our health back! Water is so important. Your have 71 trillion cells in your body and every day billions of them die. The only thing that carries them out of our body, the only thing that carries out the dead cells, the spent minerals and vitamins out of our body is the water we drink. Now if I went out on the farm and worked and got totally filthy and then came to your house and took a bath in your bathtub and saved the water, “Would you like to crawl into that bathtub and take a bath?” No. Why not? Because the water is absolutely filthy isn’t it. Well that is the same way with this tap water here. There are 308 parts per million in this tap water. Do we expect that water to clean the inside of our body? That’s what we are drinking water for. Three day without water and we die. If our water is already absolutely filthy, it is like taking a bath in a bathtub that is already filthy. What do you want to drink? What do you want to bathe in? You want to bathe in clean water don’t you. You should bathe the inside of your body with clean water. Zero parts per million water is what you should be drinking. Water carries the toxins out of our body. There is more important to our body, more important to our health, our wealth and our future than the water we drink! Out of all of the waters you can drink you want water that cleans your body. When we get water to this point to the tap or faucet, we drink that into our bodies. Let’s see the difference between the two waters (tap water and distilled water) as then enter our body. We will put 200 mililiters of tap water in this bottle. And this represents the filth in our bodies. We will put 12 drops of filth into both bottles. (Reed puts 12 drops of filth in the tap water.) Now let’s shake this around. Now as this water goes through your body, up to your brain, through all of your organs, and around your body you will see something happen to this water. As that water goes through your body what happens? There is an accumulation of filth in that water. (The flask has build up stuck to the sides.) When you eliminate this water from your body through urination, does it leave something in your body? It does doesn’t it. The tap water is not able to absorb, transport, and eliminate the waste in your body. Now this is distilled water in this bottle, in this body. We will put 200 milliliters of distilled water in this bottle. We are going to have the distilled water contend with the same amount of filth, 12 drops. This isn’t magic or anything it just shows how distilled water deals with filth. Now as this water goes through your body, up to your brain, through all of your organs, and around your body you will see something happen to this water. This water is actually able to absorb, transport and eliminate the waste in your body. When you eliminate this water from your body through urination, What happens? (The bottle is clear and clean, no residue is left behind.) Distilled water carries the filth with it. There is a big difference between these two waters isn’t there. Distilled Water is able to absorb, transport and eliminate the waste from your body. Now does anybody have any questions about water at the end of this show? There is a controversy about fluoride in water what can you tell us about that? I don’t really know, but I just know that on Government Toxicity Chart Fluoride is just a little bit more toxic than lead and not quite a poisonous as Arsenic. I do have two tubes of toothpaste here from the same company, one is fluoridated and the other is not fluoridated. But on the back of the fluoridated toothpaste it says “keep out of the reach of children under the six years of age and if accidentally swallowed more than during regular brushing call the poison control center immediately.” On the back of the non-floridated toothpaste it says you can eat all you want… there is no poison warning, it is totally safe for children or anyone. I know that sodium fluoride is quite a controversy right now in our drinking water. The EPA has come out against the fluoridation of drinking water. I am not a scientist so I don’t know really if it is good or bad but there are some really reliable sources out there that say fluoride is not good for us. For me, I think that fluoride or any other poison I don’t want in my body just overloads my body. My body already has to deal with other poisons. Flouride is used in: Rat Poison, Pesticides, Dental Offices, Municipalities, and Drinking Water. Does Distillation get fluoride out? What other chemicals does it get out? Distillation gets all the chemicals out of the water, including fluoride. Volatile gases however do distill over across, that is why we put a post-carbon filter on the distiller. The carbon filter had a broad spectrum of filtration for volatile gases. A lot of your volatile gases are: petroleum or oil, chlorine, and pesticides (many of them are phyrethroids) . We know the combination of the distillation process and the carbon filter take all of this out of the water, up to 99.9% and you would have to drink millions of gallons to get any adverse effect from those chemicals. | 2019-04-26T00:06:51Z | https://rockymountainwaterdistillers.com/pages/the-journey-of-water |
Most experts at EE want to solve problems, not make their answers look pretty.
Sure and I'm not for a second advocating that everyone should go around spending time on their questions and answers just to make them look pretty. That would be silly. Some may want to go to such efforts and that's fine too. It's all up to the individual where questions are concerned.
As the very first heading in my article states - "Create nicer looking borders in Articles submitted to Experts Exchange"
Asking and answering questions isn't the only thing that Experts Exchange is about. It's also a learning center. A place to share your knowledge and in turn, also learn from your fellow peers.
So this article is "mostly" aiming at those who write tutorials, how-to's and other types of articles, who may want to take a little bit of pride in how their work is presented to the world. I edit many articles at EE and I wrote this because I've been asked the question many times. Now rather than write the same answer multiple times, I can just point future askers with a link to this article. Make sense?
Nuance's PaperPort may display this error message: PaperPort appears to be running Windows XP Compatibility Mode which may result in errors. We recommend disabling Compatibility Mode for the PaprPort.exe program, see Technote 6629. This article provides a possible solution to the problem.
This tutorial shows how to create a greeting card by combining two image layers and a text layer on a PC using a free image editing app.
All of the resources available today make learning a new digital media easier than ever-- if you know where to begin. This is a clear, simple guide to a few of the basic digital art mediums and how to begin learning them on your own.
Microsoft Office Picture Manager was included in Office 2003, 2007, and 2010, but not in Office 2013. Users had hopes that it would be in Office 2016/Office 365, but it is not. Fortunately, the same zero-cost technique that works to install it with Office 2013 also works with Office 2016/Office 365.
Just wanted to thank you for the clear process for installing the Microsoft Office 2010 Microsoft Office Picture Manager.
Upgraded from office 2007 to 2016, a couple of days ago, and like many others found the picture manager missing, not so good when you are taking 1000's of pics.
This article shows how to convert a multi-page PDF file into multiple image files, with one image file created for each page of the PDF. It does this by utilizing an excellent, free software package called GraphicsMagick. The solution is amazingly simple — a single line of code!
A crucial factor for some folks. Acrobat is expensive software — not everyone can afford it. You'll notice in the original question here at EE that inspired this article, the asker said, "If anyone has another free option, let me know."
Acrobat is also "external" in the sense that it is not part of Windows. For many users, Acrobat is not part of their "original software".
> "Export / (choose which type)" or "Save as/Save as type (choose which)"?
PaperPort 14.5 Patch 1 update is often not detected or downloaded automatically. This article provides direct download links to solve the problem for retail (non-bundled) versions of the Standard and Professional editions, as well as the Professional edition in Nuance's own OmniPage Ultimate bundle.
Thank you so much. This should be on the Nuance support page just as it is. You are wonderful.
In a previous article here at Experts Exchange, I presented a solution to the question of creating a multi-page PDF file containing contact sheets (aka a montage of thumbnails) for all JPG files in a folder. A recent question here at EE asked for a solution, in essence, to the reverse problem, that is, creating a JPG (or PNG) from a multi-page PDF file. In this case, the solution requires all pages of the PDF to be incorporated into a single image. At the question, I posted a relatively brief solution that uses the same GraphicsMagick software and approach as discussed in the article referred to above. Then I decided to write this new article with a more comprehensive explanation of the solution, including some interesting options.
PaperPort is among the most important applications that I run on my Windows computers. I use it every day, for nearly all of my document and photo scanning, as well as most of my document and photo imaging, including OCR via its built-in OmniPage capabilities.
Disclaimer before going further: I have no affiliation with Nuance and no financial interest in it whatsoever. I am simply a happy user/customer.
I've been using PaperPort for around 20 years on every version of Windows since Windows 95. With the Windows 10 release date coming up in two days, I thought it would be worthwhile to document my experience with PaperPort on the Windows 10 Technical Preview, including some tips for successful deployment on W10.
And as you mentioned the best buy I ever did to manage my PDF files as well.
Thanks for joining Experts Exchange today and reading my article — Welcome Aboard! As my PP14.5/Patch1 article shows, your BUILDID of PP-1313-011-15264.1154 means that it is PaperPort 14.5 Standard (retail) with Patch1 installed — good news!
> The button "get latest updates" don't work.
In a previously published article here at Experts Exchange, I explained how to achieve duplex (double-sided) scanning in Nuance's PaperPort software with a hardware-capable duplex scanner, that is, a scanner which has an Automatic Document Feeder (ADF) capable of scanning both sides of a document. A recent question here at EE prompted me to write this additional article, which explains how to achieve duplex scanning in PaperPort with a simplex scanner, that is, a scanner whose ADF is capable of scanning only the front side of a document.
As with the previous article, this one applies to the three most recent versions of PaperPort, i.e., 11, 12, and 14 — yes, Nuance got superstitious and did not release a version 13.
Select a Scanner and a Scanning Profile.
Tick the Show Capture Assistant box.
Place the document in the (simplex) ADF and click the Scan button.
Remove the document from the output tray, turn it over so that the last page is on the top, place it in the ADF, and click the Scan Other Side button.
This article provides the solution to a question posed here at Experts Exchange. The asker of the question has many JPG images in many folders, and all of the folders are subfolders of one root folder. For each folder, the asker wants to create a PDF file containing thumbnail images (sized to 240 pixels wide) of every JPG in that folder. This is commonly known as a contact sheet or montage.
In that test run, all of the JPGs in the folder fit well on a single page in the output PDF file. But if there are too many images to fit on one page, the asker wants the resulting file to be a multi-page PDF. Also, the file name of each JPG should be shown below its thumbnail. All of this needs to be accomplished with a fully automated, unattended method, capable of being run by the Task Scheduler without user intervention.
This article was inspired by a question here at Experts Exchange. The requirements stated in that question are (1) reduce the file size of a large number of JPG files in an extremely large number of subfolders; (2) perform that function without user intervention; (3) store the compressed files back into themselves, that is, after compression, each file overwrites itself.
The solution presented in this article meets those requirements. It is based on the excellent software package, GraphicsMagick (a fork of ImageMagick). GraphicsMagick is free (in every sense of the word), distributed under the MIT License.
Thanks for this article, Joe! I haven't taken a look yet but... Do you know if there is a switch to preserve the file date and time of modified files?
I haven't tried this and am curious about it, so if you give it a spin, please post your results.
In a previous article published here at Experts Exchange, Signature Image with Transparent Background, I explained how to create a graphic image of your scanned signature with a transparent background. As discussed in that article, having the transparent background is crucial so that the signature may be placed on a document without overlaying the surrounding text.
In that article, I mentioned putting the signature on PDF documents via the Stamp feature in Adobe Acrobat. I recently received a message from an EE member who thanked me for that article, but asked me to explain exactly how to create such a Stamp in Acrobat. This article shows how to do it.
I don't know how far back the Stamp feature goes in the history of Adobe Acrobat releases, but I do know that it exists in Acrobat X and Acrobat XI, both Standard and Professional. The screenshots in this article are from Acrobat XI Pro on a W7 Pro 64-bit system.
In a previous article (now deprecated), I discussed how to upgrade — at no cost for licensed users — Nuance's PaperPort Version 11 (hereafter, PP11) and PaperPort Version 12 (PP12) to the latest "point" releases, namely, 11.2 and 12.1. At the time of that article's publication, PP11 and PP12 were the two latest versions. Now the latest version is PP14 (yes, Nuance was superstitious and skipped 13), and its latest "point" release is 14.5.
I decided that adding PP14 to the previous article would result in a long, unwieldy article. In addition, a user of one version is not going to be concerned about the other two versions, so I decided to create three separate articles for PP11, PP12, and PP14 users. This is the PP14 one.
The earlier point releases of PP14 — 14.0, 14.1, 14.2 (there was not a public release for either 14.3 or 14.4) — are known to have bugs that were fixed in 14.5. This article provides links to 14.5, as well as other useful information on upgrading.
You're right! It's NAPS2. I may try to fix Paperport later, but it's taken me so much time that I need a break from it. The NAPS2 was easy and meant the immediate need that I had in scanning a document.
I decided that adding PP14 to the previous article would result in a long, unwieldy article. In addition, a user of one version is not going to be concerned about the other two versions, so I decided to create three separate articles for PP11, PP12, and PP14 users. This is the PP12 one.
The earlier point release of PP12 — 12.0 — is known to have bugs that were fixed in 12.1. The links in the previous article for 12.1 no longer work. This new article provides working links for 12.1, as well as other useful information on upgrading.
I decided that adding PP14 to the previous article would result in a long, unwieldy article. In addition, a user of one version is not going to be concerned about the other two versions, so I decided to create three separate articles for PP11, PP12, and PP14 users. This is the PP11 one.
The earlier point releases of PP11 — 11.0 and 11.1 — are known to have bugs that were fixed in 11.2. Although the links in the previous article for 11.2 still work, Nuance informed me that they may soon stop working. This new article provides working links for 11.2 that Nuance says will continue to work after the other ones have been taken down. This article also provides other useful information on upgrading.
The update wants a serial number, which I do not have as I lost my software CD that came with my MFC-7340 Brother printer. Is there a way to install the update without this?
Thank you for joining Experts Exchange today and reading my article — welcome aboard! The PaperPort software that comes with Brother MFCs is an "SE" version, which stands for Special Edition. It is a trimmed-down version that Brother OEMs from Nuance for bundling with their devices and it is not considered to be a commercial/retail edition. This means that updates of the software, such as the 11.2 upgrade discussed in this article, will likely not apply to those bundled SE versions. So even if you had the serial number, it is unlikely that the 11.2 upgrade would work on it.
As each individual will have his or her personal way of processing a concept and turning it into a reality, this is simply a record of my own system as a designer.
It may feel daunting or even overwhelming when developing a new idea for a project or task, but it is beneficial to break it into smaller attainable pieces.
Here are four steps that I utilize to evolve my creative process: Keywords, Inspiration Through Research, Sketch/Outline, and Digital.
Brainstorming an idea to find important keywords is an exercise that helps target ideas in more detail.
First, I choose a word that I identify as a focal point to begin the brainstorming process.
Lastly, I filter through all of the words on the word map and circle the top two to five words from the results that will best represent my design.
By narrowing my idea into these keywords, I am ready to research typography and imagery that visually convey the message of the design clearly.
This article discusses the PaperPort 14 Scanner Connection Tool, which Nuance provides at no charge in order to fix scanning problems in Windows 8. Furthermore, users of PaperPort 14 in Windows 7 and Windows 10 have reported that the tool works in those versions of Windows, too.
Thanks again for all your help . I tried scanning in Irfanview ,which I already use as my default photo viewer. All the scanner dialogues stay on top unlike paperport. I also use use several database programs from Fnprogramvare, Catvids & Catraxx which I frequently scan from and they keep all the scanning windows on top too. So I think it is something in Paperport 14.5 that was changed from Paperport 14 but I am not knowledgeable enough to find it since I know nothing about coding. The support person at Epson told me that there are sometimes settings in programs to keep a program on top (which I knew) but that there was not such a setting in the Epson driver. I cant find one in Paperport if there is one hidden somewhere. He suggested using one of the little programs available that let you select an open window to keep on top. I downloaded Turbotop and it will keep the Scanner dialog on top but doesn't remember that setting so you have reset it every time you run Paperport and the scanner. This all leads me to believe that there is a registry setting somewhere that controls this behavior and maybe some one will find it sometime. Meanwhile I'll just have to reduce the size of my Paperport window and keep it to the right side of my screen so that the scanner dialogue will remain visible on the left.
This is one of those long-standing PP issues and I'm wondering if you know of a solution. It doesn't affect me much because I have a separate computer that does scanning with PP14.5. But it drives many users nuts and I'm trying to help one right now. The issue is that when scanning a multi-page document, the PP scanning manager (with both Display scanner dialog box and Show Capture Assistant unchecked) steals focus on every page. It makes it just about impossible to use your computer for any other purpose while PP is scanning a large document. Do you know of a fix or work-around?
Nuance has determined this behavior cannot be changed in 14 and will be investigated for inclusion in 15.
Done! - I've found some of your other stuff on Paperport v. useful in the past, so kudos to the guru!!
The standard (non-Professional) edition of PaperPort from Nuance Communications (previously known as ScanSoft) is limited to five Scanning Profiles, but in a previous article, I discussed how to overcome this limitation. The technique presented in that article may also be used to address an issue that I've been asked many times by PaperPort users, namely, how to reorder the Scanning Profiles in the Scan or Get Photo pane.
For users with many Scanning Profiles, it is desirable to order the list such that the more frequently used ones are at the top. Unfortunately, PaperPort 12, the previous release, offers no ability to rearrange the order of the Scanning Profiles. PaperPort 14, the current release (yes, Nuance got superstitious and skipped 13), added a little-known, undocumented feature that helps: drag-and-drop of the Scanning Profiles. However, it works poorly, in my opinion, as I find it difficult to drop the profile exactly where I want it.
Also, in both PP12 and PP14, there is no ability to search for a Scanning Profile, so the user must scroll through the list to find the desired profile. This article presents an approach for reordering the list, using the same method presented in my previous article, PaperPort - How To Achieve More Than Five Scanning Profiles in the Standard Edition.
PaperPort is a popular document imaging/management product from Nuance Communications, previously known as ScanSoft. PaperPort is in widespread use by both individuals and businesses.
The current version of PaperPort is 14. The previous version was 12. Yes, Nuance got superstitious and skipped 13. Both of these most recent versions come in two editions, Professional and Standard, although the Nuance folks do not call it Standard – they simply leave Professional off the name, i.e., PaperPort 12 and PaperPort Professional 12; PaperPort 14 and PaperPort Professional 14. In this article, I refer to them as PP-Std and PP-Pro, and all such references are valid for versions 12 and 14.
As shown in the documents above, one of the differences between PP-Std and PP-Pro is that the former allows only five Scanning Profiles to be created, while the latter allows an unlimited number. However, it turns out that PP-Std will properly handle an unlimited number of Scanning Profiles. The problem is that it won't let you create them. This is easy to overcome by creating the file containing the Scanning Profiles outside of PP-Std. This article describes two ways to do it.
2. Notepad++ great free app for viewin/editing xml files.
Sorry I'm just replying to your 25-Mar-2016 comment now. I don't recollect seeing it when it first came in and only just now saw it when I received a notification that you endorsed the article today — btw, thanks for that!
You will also find it at C:\Users\All Users\Nuance\PaperPort\14\Profiles.xml in W10. That's because C:\Users\All Users\ points to C:\ProgramData\. In other words, C:\ProgramData\ is the "real" folder and C:\Users\All Users\ is simply a pointer to it — technically known as a junction or symbolic link. So if you look at C:\ProgramData\ and C:\Users\All Users\ in your file manager, they'll show the identical contents, because they are one-and-the-same folder.
> Notepad++ great free app for viewing/editing xml files. | 2019-04-23T10:22:12Z | https://www.experts-exchange.com/topics/photos-graphics-software/articles/ |
2016-06-15 Assigned to DEALERTRACK, INC. reassignment DEALERTRACK, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KENNEDY, WILLIAM R., GIGLIA, CHARLES J.
The present invention is an integrated electronic credit application, contracting and securitization system and method. In one embodiment, the present invention comprises the following integrated components: a Credit Application Module, an eContracting Module and an eDocument Storage Module. Together the components enable “paper-less” commercial transactions.
This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Application No. 60/491,621, filed Jul. 31, 2003, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth at length herein.
The present invention (also referred to as DealerTrack™, or the DealerTrack™ system/method/product) generally relates to credit application processing and more specifically to an integrated electronic credit application, contracting and securitization system, process, apparatus and article of manufacture, particularly suitable for the automotive industry.
At least a portion of the disclosure of this document may contain material, which is subject to copyright/trademark protection. The copyright/trademark owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright/trademark rights whatsoever.
The FIGS. 1-59 herein depict exemplary embodiments of the present invention constructed in accordance with the teachings expressed herein.
Aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the accompanying description with reference to the drawing figures. What follows are one or more embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that those embodiments provided herein are illustrative only and not limiting, having been presented by way of example only. All the features disclosed in this description may be replaced by alternative features serving the same purpose, and equivalents or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Therefore, numerous other embodiments of the modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention as defined herein and equivalents thereto. Use of absolute terms, such as “will not,” “will,” “shall,” “shall not,” “must,” and “must not,” are not meant to limit the present invention as the embodiments disclosed herein are merely exemplary.
The present invention is an integrated electronic credit application, contracting and securitization system, process, apparatus and article of manufacture, suitable for the automotive industry. In one embodiment, the present invention comprises the following integrated components: a Credit Application Module, an eContracting Module and an eDocument Storage Module.
The Credit Application Module is “a centralized credit application entry and routing system which accepts applications from, for example, automotive dealerships, electronically and selectively forwards them to funding sources, including funding sources having computerized credit application systems.” Exemplary embodiments of the Credit Application Module are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,878,403, which is incorporated herein by reference. Selected information acquired and generated by the Credit Application Module, including for example, customer information, lending/funding decision, etc., is then used as input to the eContracting Module.
The eContracting Module is an electronic contracting and same day funding system which electronically transmits contract information to financing sources. Details of exemplary embodiments of the eContracting Module are provided in the section entitled: “eContracting Functional Requirements”.
The eDocument Storage Module “implements digital encryption for the electronic transmission, storage and retrieval of authenticated documents and that enables the establishment of the identity of the originator of an electronic document and of the integrity of the information contained in such a document. Together these provide irrevocable proof of authenticity of the document. The system and method of the present invention provides for “paper-less” commercial transactions.
After an eContract is created and signed it is deposited, along with any other ancillary documents/information, into a “Vault” and an authoritative copy of the eContract is designated. An “Ownership Record” is created listing the dealer and/or the financing source as the owner/control party.
Details of exemplary embodiments of the eDocument Storage Module are provided in the section entitled: “Securitization Vault, Functional Requirements”.
Additional details of exemplary embodiments of the eDocument Storage Module are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,615,268, 5,748,738, 6,237,096 and 6,367,013, Publication Nos. 2001/00002485 and 2002/0184217, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Exemplary operational flows of the overall system and method in accordance with the present invention are shown by FIGS. 34-39 entitled “Master eContracting Flow Chart”.
Additional aspects, features and advantages of the present invention is provided in the section entitled: “Electronic Contracting and Securitization for the Automotive Finance Industry, Overview” supplanted with FIGS. 40-59.
An eContract data entry screen prefilled with customer, vehicle and financial data from lender approved or counter-offered retail applications.
The Data Entry Screen will be prefilled with available data from a pending application.
The Data Entry Screen will be prefilled with available data from a pulled Credit Bureau in the Spot Delivery process.
The Data Entry Screen will not be pre-filled if the dealer accesses the screen from the “Submit Application/eContract” submenu in the Spot Delivery process.
An electronic version of standardized retail installment contracts approved by the lender and completely filled out with the applicable contract data.
In those states that require a Spanish language version of the Retail Installment contract, DealerTrack will provide this onsite within Docs & Forms and onscreen within the eContracting function.
The contract PDF will contain a DealerTrack created reference number in the footer of the document which will tie into the reference number used on the Signature Pad LCD screen verbiage.
A bar-coded fax cover sheet itemizing ancillary documentation to be faxed to the lender for matching purposes.
The bar-code will be created using the lender APS #. The bar-code criteria will be sent to the lender within the XML data stream when the signed eContract is sent for funding review.
The fax cover sheet will be separate from the eContract PDF for printing purposes.
Signature pads and related software to obtain eSignatures.
Their dealers with verified contract data including a lender calculated APR, Monthly Payment, Total of Payments, and Finance Charge (applicable if the lender participates in data verification).
DealerTrack with bar code criteria (APS #) at the time of application submittal that will be used on the DealerTrack fax cover sheet to match the imaged eContract residing on the lenders imaging system to dealer faxed ancillary documentation.
Required ancillary documentation requirements, including stipulations, for the fax cover sheet at the time of Credit Approval or Counter-offer.
The ability to confirm contract data prior to receipt of the signed retail installment eContract (applicable if the lender participates in data verification and the dealer has not elected to spot deliver the customer).
A signature bound PDF version of the completed retail installment eContract to be saved in the lenders imaging system.
The ability to match dealer faxed ancillary documentation with the eContract residing on the lenders imaging system by referencing the bar-coded fax cover sheet.
2. Spot Phase I—Pending Applications.
3. Spot Phase II—Credit Bureau Summary/Detail.
Dealers will access the eContract Data Entry screen via an Approved or Counter-offered Application Status Detail screen. The Application Status Detail screen will present the dealer with the option to “Begin eContract Data Entry” (FIG. 1). The button, along with all other functional buttons (“Comments to Credit Analyst”, “Add Co-Applicant”, “Submit to Other Lenders”) will be removed once an eContract Data Entry screen has been saved or submitted to any eContract participating lender for verification (if applicable) or a paper contract is in house. In place of these buttons will be a notice indicating that there is an existing eContract in progress; “The eContracting process for this customer has already begun. Select ‘Continue’ to access this deal”. DealerTrack will provide the dealer with a link that will take the dealer to the appropriate eContract location relating to that deal. “Begin eContract Data Entry”, along with all other functional buttons (“Comments to Credit Analyst”, “Add Co-Applicant”, “Submit to Other Lenders”), will reappear if the dealer chooses to cancel the eContracting process. “Begin eContracting Data Entry” will only be available until the credit approval expires (Lender to send indicator of expiration). Note: Lenders will have the ability to indicate if a customer is not eligible for eContracting, DealerTrack will display the following message in place of the “Begin eContract Data Entry”; “This credit approval/counter-offer is not eligible for the eContracting process. Please follow (lender's name) standard paper process to contract this deal” (FIG. 2).
Begin eContract Data Entry: DealerTrack will present the dealer with the eContract Data Entry screen prefilled with available application data.
2. Phase II—Using DealerTrack's credit bureau functionality.
3. Phase II—From Submit An Application/eContract screen.
Dealers will access the eContract Data Entry screen via a Pending (FIG. 3) or Approved/Counter-offered (FIG. 4) Application Status Detail screen. The Pending Application Status Detail screen will present the dealer with the option to “Spot This Vehicle”, and the Approved/Counter-offered Application Status Detail screen will present the dealer with option II “Bypass Verification”. The button, along with all other functional buttons (“Comments to Credit Analyst”, “Add Co-Applicant”, “Submit to Other Lenders”) will be removed once an eContract Data Entry screen has been saved or submitted to any eContract participating lender for verification (if applicable) or a contract for that customer is in any contract status, eContracting or paper. In place of these buttons will be a notice indicating that there is an existing eContract in progress; “The eContracting process for this customer has already begun. Select ‘Continue’ to access this deal. “DealerTrack will provide the dealer with a link that will take the dealer to the appropriate eContract location relating to that deal. “Begin eContract Data Entry”, along with all other functional buttons (“Comments to Credit Analyst”, “Add Co-Applicant”, “Submit to Other Lenders”), will reappear if the dealer chooses to cancel the eContracting process.
Spot This Vehicle: DealerTrack will present the dealer with the eContract Data Entry screen prefilled with available application data.
Bypass Verification: DealerTrack will present the dealer with the eContract Data Entry screen prefilled with available application data.
Dealers will access the Submit An Application/eContract screen from the Credit Bureau Summary (FIG. 5) or Credit Bureau Detail screens. Once the selection has been made, the dealer will be presented with the Submit Appli-cation/eContract screen. Note that the button “Prefill Application/eContract” will only appear for those dealers enrolled in eContracting and users who have Spot permission.
Equifax: Will prefill the Application/eContract Data Entry screen with Equifax data if “Prefill Application/eContract” button selected.
Experian: Will prefill the Application/eContract Data Entry screen with Experian data if “Prefill Application/eContract” button selected.
TransUnion: Will prefill the Application/eContract Data Entry screen with TransUnion data if “Prefill Application/eContract” button selected.
Update Application/eContract with customer data only: Will prefill the Application/eContract Data Entry screen with customer data only if “Prefill Application/eContract” button selected.
Prefill Application/eContract: Will present the dealer with the Submit Application/eContract screen (FIG. 6).
Dealers will access the eContract Data Entry screen via the Submit Application/eContract submenu (FIG. 6). This option will only appear for those dealers active in eContracting and users that have Spot Delivery permission. The Submit Application/eContract screen will give the dealer the ability to provide vehicle, product, trade-in, and deal type data. Note: this screen is also accessed from a pulled Credit Bureau where the dealer has selected the “Prefill Application/eContract” button.
Select a Vehicle Type: Will enable DealerTrack to present the Dealer with the required Contract Data Entry screen.
Select a Product Type: Will enable DealerTrack to present the dealer with the required Contract Data Entry screen.
Lease—not currently available. DealerTrack will present the dealer with a pop-up indicating “eContracting is not currently available for Lease products”.
Balloon—not currently available. DealerTrack will present the dealer with a pop-up indicating “eContracting is not currently available for Balloon products”.
Trade-in: Will enable DealerTrack to present the dealer with the required Contract Data Entry screen.
Request Application or eContract: Will enable DealerTrack to present the dealer with the required Application or Contract Data Entry screen.
Application—Will bring the dealer to the Application Data Entry screen.
eContract—Will bring the dealer to the eContract Data Entry screen.
Individual: DealerTrack will present an Application or Contract Data Entry screen applicable to an individual.
Joint: DealerTrack will present an Application or Contract Data Entry screen applicable to a buyer and co-buyer.
Business: DealerTrack will present an Application or Contract Data Entry screen applicable to a business.
Business with Co-Applicant: DealerTrack will present an Application or Contract Data Entry screen applicable to a business with co-applicant.
DealerTrack will present the eContract Data Entry screen. The appropriate contract data fields will be displayed. Available data from the Approved, Counter-offered or Pending application (if applicable) will prefill the appropriate data fields.
Note: If the dealer has accessed the Data Entry screen from a pulled Credit Bureau, the applicable data will be prefilled. If the dealer is accessing the Data Entry Screen without any previous data being obtained (Submit Application/eContract) the screen will be empty of data.
DealerTrack will place the cursor at the first required data entry field in which data has not yet been obtained.
The dealer will complete the remaining required data entry fields along with any customer requested options using the tab function or clicking in the appropriate field.
If the lender participates in data verification, the dealer will click “Submit to Lender for Verification” (FIG. 7).
If the lender does not participate in data verification or the dealer has elected to use Spot Delivery functionality, the dealer will click “Continue” (FIG. 11d ).
Save the data and return to the contract status screen. When the dealer reenters the deal via the Contract Status Detail screen, he will be returned to the eContracting Data Entry screen via the button “Continue eContract”. The eContract Data Entry screen will retain the saved data.
Cancel—Pop-up box: “Canceling will delete all eContract information and return you to Application Status. Are you sure this is what you want to do? Yes/No”. If the dealer accepts, return to the Application Status screen. Begin eContract Data Entry functional button, along with all other functional buttons (“Comments to Credit Analyst”, “Add Co-Applicant”, “Submit to Other Lenders”), will reappear in the Application Status Detail screen. DealerTrack will message the lender advising that the dealer wishes to cancel the eContracting process.
Reset the data to the most current approved, counter-offered or data entered (Spot Delivery) application information.
DealerTrack will scan the data for “web edit” errors.
“Web edits” or “Standard Edits” reside on the DealerTrack system and will alert the dealer to specific errors identified by the system.
In the case of an individual or business loan with a personal guarantor the answer will be defaulted to “Yes” and all other options will be locked.
Will require the Buyer to sign the Co-Signor Notice.
Will require the Co-Buyer to sign the Co-Signor Notice.
Confirmations that all required data entry fields have been completed.
The First Payment Date is between 19-51 days of the Note Date.
MSRP will be required on new vehicles.
GAP will be hard-coded in the second “For” field.
“(Lender Name)—Paid in Financing” (if applicable)—Will require the dealer to complete a GAP Waiver Form.
The dealer will be required to enter the purchase amount of GAP in the Financing Information section.
Provider (Lender Name—if applicable) and cost will prefill in “Provider” and “Cost” fields within the Warranty/Credit Insurance section.
The “Term” field of the GAP within the Warranty/Credit Insurance section will pre-fill with the term of the contract. It will be editable to the dealer.
“(Lender Name)—Paid in Cash” Will require the dealer the complete a GAP Waiver form.
The purchase amount in the Financing Information section will be locked.
Provider (Lender Name—if applicable) will prefill in the “Provider” field within the Warranty/Credit Insurance section.
The “Term” field will prefill with the term of the contract. It will be editable to the dealer. The dealer will be required to complete the “Cost” field of the GAP within the Warranty/Credit Insurance section.
The dealer will be required to complete the “Provider” field and DealerTrack will prefill the “Term” field with the term of the contract within the Warranty/Credit Insurance section. This field will be editable to the dealer.
The dealer will be required to enter the “Provider” and “Cost” fields of the GAP within the Warranty/Credit Insurance section. DealerTrack will prefill the “Term” field with the term of the contract. This field will be editable to the dealer.
Negative Equity will be reflected in the 4th To/For field in the financing section.
The dealer will be required to enter the lenders name in the “To” field.
“For” will prefill with “Prior Lease/Loan Balance” calculated by DealerTrack.
The amount will prefill with the negative equity amount figured in the “Trade-in” section of “Vehicle Information”.
This will require the dealer to enter the amount of the origination fee.
This will require the dealer to enter the amount of the origination fee. DealerTrack will subtract this amount from the Total Amount Financed.
DealerTrack will display the Approved Amount from an Approved or Countered Credit Application on the data entry screen for the dealer to review.
DealerTrack will return the dealer to the eContract Data Entry screen.
DealerTrack will present the errors on the eContract Data Entry screen for dealer correction.
“Submit to Lender for Verification” if lender participates in verification.
“Continue” if the lender does not participate in data verification or the dealer has elected to use Spot Delivery functionality.
Once passed DealerTrack web edits, the status reflected in Contract Status will be “eDTVerified” (FIG. 10).
Bypass—This Lender Does Not Support Contract Data Verification. A lender will not verify this contract data prior to you obtaining customer signatures. Press ‘Continue’ to proceed”.
Spot—“You have elected to Spot Deliver this deal. A lender will not verify this contract data prior to you obtaining customer signatures. Press ‘Continue’ to proceed”.
(Note: Not applicable for Bypass Verification or Spot Delivery Processes).
The dealer will not have the ability to change the eContract data until an eError or eLender Verified response has been received.
DealerTrack will notify the dealer of submission via a change in contract status (eSubmitted).
The lender will message DealerTrack informing of receipt.
Should there be an error in transmission, DealerTrack will alert the dealer via a change in Contract Status (eSubmit Error). DealerTrack will provide an 800# for the dealer to contact for assistance.
DealerTrack will alert the dealer of the successful submission via a change is Contract Status, eReceived (FIG. 8).
DealerTrack will submit the data to the lender's system for verification.
The lender will scan the data for errors based upon backend system “lender edits”.
“Lender edits” are created by the lender, reside on the lenders backend system and will identify specific errors. Example: Amount financed outside program parameters.
Lender will forward DealerTrack a listing of errors.
DealerTrack will alert the dealer of errors via a change in contract status (eError).
The dealer will enter the eContract Data Entry screen via the Contract Status Detail screen by clicking “Continue eContract” button.
DealerTrack will present the itemized errors and lender comments on the eContract Data Entry screen for dealer correction.
Dealer will make corrections and click “Submit to Lender for Verification”.
OPTIONAL: If the lenders backend processing system finds errors, the lender has the option to reroute the deal to their credit or funding analyst for review.
Lender will forward DealerTrack a message indicating the deal is under review along with reasons for review.
DealerTrack will alert the dealer that the deal is under review via a change in the contract status (eReview) and display reasons for review to the dealer (FIG. 9).
The credit or funding analyst has the option to send comments itemizing the errors to the dealer.
The lender will send DealerTrack a message indicating an error in contract data.
DealerTrack will alert the dealer of change in status via a change in contract status (eError).
The dealer will enter the Contract Data Entry Screen to view the error(s) identified by the lender.
The dealer can make corrections and resubmit to the lender for verification, or cancel the eContracting process.
The credit or funding analyst has the option to send comments to the dealer.
DealerTrack will alert the dealer of change in status via a change in contract status (eLender Verified).
Once the information is verified via the lenders backend processing system the lender will forward the lender calculated APR, Monthly Payment, and Finance Charge along with the bar-code criteria (sent at the time of application approval/counter-offer) to be referenced on the fax cover sheet.
Dealer Track will alert the dealer of change in status via a change in the contract status, eLender Verified (FIG. 10).
Save—Saves the dealer entered data and returns the dealer to the Contract Status screen. Dealer may reenter the deal via the Contract Status screen link indicating a status of eSaved.
Cancel—Pop-up box: “Canceling will delete all eContract information and return you to Application Status. Are you sure this is what you want to do? Yes/No”. If the dealer accepts, return to the Application Status Detail screen. Begin eContract Data Entry Screen functional button, along with all other functional buttons (“Comments to Credit Analyst”, “Add Co-Applicant”, “Submit to Other Lenders”), will reappear in the Application Status Detail screen. DealerTrack will message the lender advising that the dealer wishes to cancel the eContracting process.
Reset—Will reset the data to the most current approved application information.
Submit to Lender for Verification—Submit info to lender. Return dealer to Contract Status screen.
Link: Wilson, Vincent—Will take the dealer to the Contract Status Detail Screen.
Link: Banks, John—Will take the dealer to the Contract Status Detail screen in the Spot Delivery Process. The dealer will be able to generate the eContract from this point.
Wilson, Vincent—Will take the dealer to the Contract Status Detail screen in the Data Verification Process. The dealer will be able to generate the eContract from this point.
Cancel—Pop-up box: “Canceling will delete all eContract information and return you to Application Status. Are you sure this is what you want to do? Yes/No”. If the dealer accepts, return to the Application Status Detail screen. Begin eContract Data Entry Screen functional button, along with all other functional buttons (“Comments to Credit Analyst”, “Add Co-Applicant”, “Submit to Other Lenders”), will reappear in the Application Status Detail screen. Dealer-Track will message the lender advising that the dealer wishes to cancel the eContracting process.
Reset—Will reset the data to the available customer/collateral data if accessed from a pulled credit bureau or pending application. If accessed through Submit an Application/eContract, and no data is avail-able, this will clear the screen.
Continue—Submit the contract data to DealerTrack to pass through web-edits. Return dealer to the contract status screen.
A print event must be detected prior to the dealer having the ability to capture signatures. DealerTrack provides a forced-print that will print the review copy of the contract for the customer(s) (excluding the fax cover sheet). The printed copies will contain a watermark indicating “Copy” on each page.
DealerTrack will delete all eContracting data, and indicate an eCancelled status on the Contract Status Detail Page to the dealer.
A message will appear within the Contract Status Details page indicating; “The eLender Verified/eDT Verified (whichever is applicable) status for this customer has expired. Please select ‘Continue’ to return to the Data Entry Screen”.
CA—Must be printed front/back of legal size paper in color.
MI—Must be printed in color.
The dealer will select “Print Review Copy” and Dealer dealer with the unsigned, data merged, eContract PDF cover sheet) in a separate browser window.
The Silanis “Forced Print” will send the print request to the printer for printing.
In addition, “Print Review Copy” will constitute a hand-off from DealerTrack server to the ApproveIT Web Server (AWS).
The dealer will have the ability to Modify or Cancel the eContracting process using the functional buttons (“Modify” and “Cancel”) provided within the AWS Overview Page.
Constitutes the handoff to ApproveIT Web Server (AWS).
The Silanis “Forced Print” will send the print request to the dealers' default printer for printing.
Printed copies will include a “Copy” water-mark on all pages.
“Cancel”—Pop-up box indicating: “Canceling will delete all eContract information and return you to Application Status. Are you sure this is what you want to do? Yes/No”. If the dealer clicks “Yes” then return dealer to the Application Status screen. “Begin eContract Data Entry” functional button, along with all other functional buttons (“Comments to Credit Analyst”, “Add Co-Applicant”, “Submit to Other Lenders”), will reappear in the Application Status Detail screen. DealerTrack will message the lender advising that the dealer wishes to cancel the eContracting process. If the dealer clicks “No” then return the dealer to the current page.
“Modify”—If lender participates in data verification, pop-up box indicating; “Data will have to be resubmitted to Lender for verification Are you sure this is what you want to do? Yes/No”. If the dealer clicks “Yes” then return the dealer to the Data Entry screen retaining dealer entered/Lender approved data. PDF version of eContract, and fax cover sheet (if applicable) will be deleted. If the dealer clicks “No” then return the dealer to the current page.
If lender does not participate in data verification or dealer has elected to spot deliver the vehicle, pop-up box indicating; “Do you wish to Modify Contract Data? Yes/No”. If the dealer clicks “Yes” then return the dealer to the Data Entry Screen retaining dealer-entered data. PDF version of eContract, and fax cover sheet (if applicable) will be deleted. If the dealer clicks “No” then return dealer to the current page.
“Back to Contract Summary”—Return the dealer to the Contract Summary page.
Once the dealer has printed the review copy of the contract, the contract-viewing window will close and the AWS Overview Page will be displayed (FIG. 13). This page will contain next step instructions for the dealer, indicate status' of signature capture, and provide the dealer with Cancel and Modify functionality as well as allowing the dealer to print additional Review Copies or return to the DealerTrack Contract Details page.
Once the review copy of the contract has been printed, the contract-viewing window will close.
The AWS Overview Page will be displayed.
The dealer will review the next step instructions.
Step 1 will default to Complete as print event has occurred.
Step 2 will indicate a status of Incomplete as no signatures have been captured.
The dealer will select “Obtain Signatures”.
AWS will present the dealer with the Signature Capture page.
The dealer will have additional options to Cancel or Modify the eContract. In addition, the dealer may obtain another review copy of the contract by selecting “View & Print Review Copy” or return to the Contract Detail page by selecting “Back to Contract Details”.
“Obtain Signatures”—Brings the dealer to the Signature Page.
“Cancel”13 Pop-up box indicating: “Canceling will delete all eContract information and return you to Application Status. Are you sure this is what you want to do? Yes/No”. If the dealer clicks “Yes” then return dealer to the Application Status screen. “Begin eContract Data Entry” functional button, along with all other functional buttons (“Comments to Credit Analyst”, “Add Co-Applicant”, “Submit to Other Lenders”), will reappear in the Application Status Detail screen. DealerTrack will message the lender advising that the dealer wishes to cancel the eContracting process. If the dealer clicks “No” then return the dealer to the current page.
“View & Print Review Copy”—Opens the PDF file in a separate browser and allows the dealer to print additional review copies of the contract. NOTE: This action does not bring up the print dialogue box. Printing will occur using the standard Adobe print functionality.
“Back to Contract Details”—Returns the dealer to the Contract Status Detail page.
DealerTrack will provide the dealer with a signature page to capture the required signatures. DealerTrack will identify the signature fields requiring signatures based upon previous information obtained (Buyer, Co-Buyer, Dealer, Warranty, Accident/Health, GAP). Signature fields will be organized into blocks of Buyer, Co-Buyer (if applicable), and Dealer. Each signature field will contain verbiage relevant to the contractual requirements. This text will also appear within the LCD screen of the Signature Pad for the customer to review. Note: If a date is required for the signature, the AWS will note the date of the signature capture to be captured on the Contract PDF.
Once the dealer selects “Obtain Signatures” DealerTrack will provide the dealer with an HTML Signature Page outlining all signatures required for the Buyer, Co-Buyer (if applicable), and Dealer.
The Signature Page will include on screen descriptions for each required signature field for the dealer to refer the customer to the appropriate field on the printed review copy (FIG. 14).
The descriptions will also appear within the LCD screen of the signature pad referring the customer to the appropriate field on the printed review copy.
Both the on-screen and LCD descriptions will reference the DealerTrack created reference number that will match that on the printed review copy of the contract (within the footer of each page) and the customers approval or counter-offer.
The signer will have the ability to recapture signatures as many times as desired before securing to the eContract, however, once secured, the signature cannot be deleted.
The dealer will click on each signature field and capture the appropriate signature.
The dealer will repeat this process until all customer signatures have been captured.
The Dealer will have the ability to save a partially signed eContract once each signature section has been completed (Buyer Section, Co-Buyer Section—if applicable). If there is a Co-Buyer and either the full Buyer, or Co-Buyer sections have been saved, the ePartially signed status is good for 5 days from the Note Date (until ALL CUSTOMER signatures are obtained). See page 28, Saving Signatures, for further explanation.
The dealer will have the ability to Print a signed customer's copy of the eContract once all customer signatures have been obtained. The dealer will not be able to submit the eContract to the lender until the dealers signature has been obtained (see page 30, Partially Signed Contracts, for further explanation).
All signatures obtained within the HTML eSignature Page are uploaded to DealerTrack where they are securely bound to the eContract to generate the signature bound original.
Return the dealer to the Contract Status Detail screen indicating a status of eSigned.
Dynamic—Only available after a complete block of signatures has been captured (e.g. all the Buyers signatures boxes have been signed, 2 of 2).
Will bind the available signatures and date fields (if applicable) to the PDF.
Return the dealer to the Overview Page.
“Back to Contract Details”—Returns the dealer to the Contract Status Detail page. Pop-up will appear if signatures captured, but not saved (FIG. 15).
“OK”—Return the dealer to the Contract Detail page. Do not save/bind signatures and dates.
The dealer will have the ability to save blocks of captured signatures without submitting to the lender. Saved signatures will be indicated on both the AWS Overview page and the Contract Status Detail page itemizing additional signatures required. If no signatures have been obtained, and the dealer has exited the AWS Overview page or Signature Capture page (without saving), the forced review print will not be required from Contract Status Details, and the dealer will return to the AWS Overview page by selecting “Continue” from the Contract Status Details page (FIG. 16).
Contract Signatures Required—No signatures obtained.
Buyer Signatures Required—Co-Buyer (if applicable) and/or Dealer have signed.
Co-Buyer Signatures Required (if applicable)—Buyer and Dealer have signed.
Dealer Signature(s) Required—Buyer and Co-Buyer (if applicable) have signed.
Buyer and Co-Buyer (if applicable) Signatures Required—Dealer has signed.
Buyer and Dealer Signatures Required—Co-Buyer has signed.
Co-Buyer and Dealer Signatures Required. Buyer has signed. Only applicable if deal has a Co-Buyer.
“Continue”—Brings the dealer to the AWS “Overview Page”.
“Print Review Copy”—Will open the Review copy of the PDF in a separate browser. The dealer can print copies using Adobe print functionality.
This function will be available to the dealer until ALL customer signatures (Buyer and Co-Buyer—if applicable) have been captured. It will then be replaced by “View and Print Copy” functionality.
Printed copy will contain the watermark “Copy” on each page.
The dealer will have the ability to present the Buyer, and Co-Buyer (if applicable) a printed copy of the contract containing ALL customer signatures without the dealers' signature. If the dealer chooses to use this option, the dealer will be responsible for mailing a fully signed contract containing the dealers' signature once available. This option will only be available if ALL customer signatures have been obtained.
Once ALL Customer signatures have been obtained (Buyer and Co-Buyer—if applicable), the dealer will select “Save” on the Signature Page.
The dealer will be presented with the AWS Overview Page indicating Buyer signatures as Complete and Co-Buyer signatures as Complete (if applicable).
Note: Additional instructions to print a customer copy without dealer signature will appear in the AWS overview page to the left (FIG. 17).
The dealer will follow the instructions and select “Back to Contract Details”.
The Contract Status Details page will require the dealer to select “Refresh” which will allow the AWS system to update the contract PDF with the obtained eSignatures (FIG. 18).
Enhancement: The ‘Refresh’ button will be replaced by a ‘Processing’. This will be available along with the Spot delivery process and coding.
Once AWS has completed processing the signatures, the dealer will select “View & Print Copy” (FIG. 19) which will open the eContract PDF in a separate browser. The dealer will use the Print functionality provided within Adobe Acrobat and print copies for the Buyer, and Co-Buyer (if applicable).
Once the dealer has completed printing copies, the dealer will close the viewing window.
“Obtain Signatures”—opens the Signature Page.
“Back to Contract Details”—will return the dealer to the Contract Status Detail Page indicating additional instructions to print a Partially signed contract for the Buyer, and Co-Buyer (if applicable).
“Refresh”—will refresh the page. Once the AWS has completed processing and binding the available signatures to the contract the dealer will be returned to the Contract Status Detail screen reflecting a status of ePartially Signed (see below).
NOTE: Enhancement; The ‘Refresh’ button will be replaced by a ‘Processing’ screen. This will be available along with the Spot delivery process and coding.
“Comments to Funding Analyst”—Will allow the dealer to send comments to the analyst.
Print Review Copy”—Will allow the dealer to print another version of the contract WITHOUT signatures.
“Back to Contract Summary”—Will return the user to the Contract Summary screen.
“View and Print Copy”—Opens the contract containing ALL customer signatures in a separate browser for the dealer to print and provide to the Buyer and Co-Buyer (if applicable).
“Continue”—Brings the dealer back to the overview page, indicating that the dealer's signatures are required.
Once ALL signatures have been obtained, including the dealers', the dealer will print a copy for the customer(s) and dealer records and submit the contract to the lender for funding. The dealer will review the printed Fax Cover Sheet, obtain all ancillary documentation, and fax to the lender.
Once ALL required signatures, including the dealers', have been obtained via the Signature Page, the dealer will select “Continue” (FIG. 20).
The Dealer will be returned to the Contract Status Detail screen indicating a required “Refresh” button (FIG. 21).
Enhancement: a ‘Processing’ screen will replace the ‘Refresh’ button. This will be available along with the Spot delivery process and coding.
The eContract PDF and fax cover sheet will be presented to the dealer in a separate browser window and a Print Dialogue box will appear.
The fax cover sheet will be a separate Document merged with the Contract PDF.
The dealer will select the number of copies to print and destination.
The fully signed, flattened copy of the eContract will be forwarded to the lender's imaging system referencing the APS #.
The dealer will be returned to the Contract Status screen with the status indicating “eContract Submitted”. Once the eContract (Co-Signor Notice and Gap Waiver Form if applicable) has been successfully submitted to the lender the dealer will be notified via a change in Contract Status (eContract Received).
Should an error in submission occur, the dealer will be notified via a change in Contract Status (eContract Submit Error). DealerTrack will provide an 800# for the dealer to call for assistance.
NOTE: The dealer will have the option to print additional copies of the contract by selecting “Print Signed Copies” on the Contract Status Detail screen.
The dealer will review the Bar-Coded Fax Cover Sheet, obtain all required ancillary documentation and fax to the lender.
Lender's fax server will forward the documentation to the lender imaging system referencing the bar code and match to the eContract.
The Buyer will review all ancillary documentation and if all documents have been received, the lender will send DealerTrack an indicator stating the lender's acceptance of the eContract PDF and ancillary documentation. Once the lender's decision to purchase the contract package has been received, DealerTrack will forward the Original contract PDF to the lender.
If all ancillary documentation is not received, the lender will notify DealerTrack. The Lender can send comments to the dealer itemizing the missing documentation through DealerTrack.
DealerTrack will display to the dealer a change in Contract Status (ePending Docs).
DealerTrack will display the missing documentation comments within the Contract Status Detail Screen.
The dealer will obtain the missing documentation and fax to the lender along with the Fax Cover Sheet.
Should the dealer require an additional copy of the fax cover sheet or contract, this can be obtained on the DealerTrack site for 7 days after initial submittal.
Should the Lender review the contract package and find that the contract package will not be accepted, the lender will forward an indicator stating the lender's decision to not purchase this deal.
Once received by DealerTrack, a status of “eRejected” will be displayed to the dealer.
The dealer will have the ability to “Select Lender(s)” from the eContract Select lenders screen. Please see page 44 regarding Submitting eContract to Other Lender.
Dynamic. This is button will replace the “Save” button only after ALL signatures, including the dealers', have been obtained.
The signatures will be bound to the contract PDF.
The dealer will be returned to the Contract Status Detail page.
“Print Review Copy”—Will allow the dealer to print another version of the contract WITHOUT signatures.
Opens the contract containing ALL signatures in a separate browser for the dealer to print for the Buyer, Co-Buyer (if applicable) and Dealer records.
Printed copies will contain a watermark “Copy” on all pages.
DealerTrack will submit the flattened eContract PDF to the lender.
Dealer will be brought to the Contract Summary page indicating a status of “eContract Submitted” and message to appear indicating eContract is being submitted to the lender.
“Print Signed Copy”—Presents the dealer with the fully signed PDF in a separate browser to view and print as needed.
Once ALL signatures have been obtained, including the dealers', the dealer will print a copy for the customer(s) and dealer records and submit the contract to the lender for funding ONLY UPON RECEIPT of a Credit Approval or Counter-offer from the lender. The dealer will review the printed Fax Cover Sheet, obtain all ancillary documentation, and fax to the lender.
DealerTrack will present the dealer with a page indicating “Processing” while the signature binding is taking place.
The eContract PDF will be presented to the dealer in a separate browser window and a Print Dialogue box will appear.
Once completed, the dealer will close the viewing window, and the Contract Status Detail page will be open.
DealerTrack will restrict the dealer from submitting the contract for funding until a credit decision has been made.
If a Credit Application has been previously sent to an eContract participating lender, the dealer will have the option to “Select Lenders” (FIG. 23, step 2).
The dealer will be presented with the eContract Select Lenders screen (FIG. 25) which will indicate the status of submitted applications to eContract participating lenders.
The dealer will have the option of selecting an eContract participating lender that has approved the customer's credit to submit the contract to by using the Radio Button function.
The dealer will be required to select “Compare Application & Contract” (FIG. 26) which will open the Compare Application & Contract screen.
The Compare Application & Contract screen will be segmented to show the chosen lenders approved data and compare it to the completed eContract data.
A Blue Background in the differing field will indicate any differences between the data to the dealer.
The comparison requirement will allow the dealer to make sure the completed contract is within the selected lenders program criteria.
The selected lenders Fax Cover sheet will be printed for the dealer.
NOTE: Lenders will be required to supply all stipulations required at the time of application approval or counter-offer to ensure the dealer has all required documentation listed.
The fully signed, flattened copy of the eContract will be forwarded to the lender along with the contract data XML for the lender to review.
The dealer will be returned to the Contract Status screen with the status indicating “eContract Submitted”. Once the eContract (Co-Signor Notice and Gap Waiver Form if applicable) has been successfully submitted to the lender, the dealer will be notified via a change in Contract Status (eContract Received).
NOTE: The dealer will have the option to print additional copies of the contract by selecting “Print Signed Copy” on the Contract Status Detail screen.
If all ancillary documentation is not received, the lender will notify DealerTrack. The Buyer can send comments to the dealer itemizing the missing documentation through DealerTrack.
Should the dealer require an additional copy of the fax cover sheet, it will be obtained on the DealerTrack site for 7 days after initial submittal.
Should the Buyer review the contract package and find that the contract package will not be accepted, the lender will forward an indicator stating the lender's decision.
The dealer will have the ability to “Submit eContract to Additional Lender”. Please see page 22 regarding Submitting eContract to Other Lender.
If a Credit Application has not been submitted to an eContract participating lender, the user will be required to “Prefill Application” (FIG. 24).
Once selected, DealerTrack will present the user with the Application Data Entry screen pre-filled with all available contract data.
The Prefilled contract data will be non-editable to the dealer.
The dealer will complete the remaining required fields in the Application Data Entry screen and follow the Submit an Application procedure.
The dealer will have the option of checking Contract Status Detail/Select Lenders for application status or accessing Application Status.
The dealer will have the ability to “Print Fax Cover” sheet and “Submit for Funding” in both locations.
Step 1 “Print Signed Copy”—Will open the signed PDF version of the contract in Adobe for the dealer to print the desired number of copies.
Step 2 “Select Lenders”—this button will only be active after Print Final Copies has been selected. Once selected, the dealer will be presented with the eContract Select Lenders screen.
“Cancel”—Pop-up box indicating: “Canceling will delete all eContract information and return you to Application Status. Are you sure this is what you want to do? Yes/No”. If the dealer clicks “Yes” then return dealer to the Application Status screen. “Begin eContract Data Entry” functional button, along with all other functional buttons (“Comments to Credit Analyst”, “Add Co-Applicant”, “Submit to Other Lenders”), will reappear in the Application Status Detail screen. If the dealer clicks “No” then return the dealer to the current page.
“Modify”—Pop-up box indicating; “Do you wish to Modify Contract Data? Yes/No”. If the dealer clicks “Yes” then return the dealer to the Data Entry Screen retaining dealer-entered data. PDF version of eContract, and fax cover sheet (if applicable) will be deleted. If the dealer clicks “No” then return dealer to the current page.
The dealer will have the option to “Select Lenders” if a prior Credit Approval or Counter-offer has been received from an eContract Participating lender and the dealer has decided to Spot Deliver the vehicle. If no credit application has been submitted to a lender, the dealer will be given the opportunity to submit a credit application prefilled with contractual data to the lenders of their choice. This same screen is utilized if the dealer decides to “Submit the Contract to Another Lender” (eRejected scenario). The Select Lenders page will require the dealer to Compare the Application & Contract or Submit Application to Other Lenders.
The dealer will have the option to Submit the eContract to Other Lender if the first lender of choice has decided not to purchase the contract. This functionality will allow the dealer to submit the eContract to another eContracting participating lender who has approved the customers' credit. If the dealer has not submitted the customers' credit application to the next eContracting participating lender or his choice, DealerTrack will provide the dealer with an option to submit the customers' credit application to other lenders. Once an Approval has been received, the dealer will have the ability to submit the contract to that lender for review.
In the Spot Delivery process, upon receipt of a Credit Approval from an eContract participating lender, DealerTrack will present the dealer with the option to “Select Lender(s)”.
The dealer will click “Select Lender(s)” and DealerTrack will present the eContract Select Lender screen.
eContract Participating Lenders who have approved this customers' credit will be listed.
Any lender who has rejected the contract package or turn-downed the customers' application will be displayed, but will show as unable to submit.
The dealer will be able to select ONE lender from this list to submit the contract package to.
Upon selecting this lender, the dealer will select “Compare Application & Contract” which will open the Compare Application & Contract screen.
The Compare Application & Contract data screen will display the Approved/Counter-offered application data and the Contract data side-by-side for the dealer to review.
Any differences between the approved/counter-offered application will be highlighted to the dealer by displaying the differing field in with a blue background.
Once the dealer has completed comparing the data, the will select “Print Fax Cover & Submit for Funding”.
The DealerTrack created Fax Coversheet, complete with all lender stipulations and itemized ancillary documentation, will open in a separate window. The dealer will print the fax cover sheet and close the window.
The flattened version of the eContract will be sent to the lender for funding review purposes. Please refer to page 34 for additional information regarding the funding process.
Once selected, DealerTrack will present the deal with the Application Select Lender page.
The dealer will select the lenders which they wish to submit this application to.
The dealer will check Application Status for approval, counter-offer or turn-down from the lender.
If an eContracting lender approves the application, the dealer will access the Contract Status Detail for this customer and select “Select Lender(s)”.
DealerTrack will present the eContract Select Lender(s) screen and reflect this lender in the “eContract Participating Lenders who have approved this customers' credit” section. Please see page 43 for additional information regarding the Select Lenders page.
“Prefill Application”—DealerTrack will prefill the Application Data Entry screen with all available contract data (credit bureau data if applicable).
Note: The dealer will only be able to select ONE lender from this list.
Each eContracting participating lender who has approved the customer's credit will appear in this sec-tion.
The lender who did not approve the customer's credit or rejected the contract package will be crossed out and the dealer will be unable to select that lender.
The Non-Eligible lenders will be listed below indicating a reason for ineligibility.
Will open the Compare Application & Contract screen.
DealerTrack will present the dealer with the Application Select Lenders page.
“Back to Contract Status Details”—Return the dealer to the Contract Status Detail for this customer.
The dealer will be required to review the approved/counter-offered application data to the completed eContract to ensure it meets all lenders program perimeters.
Any differences between the application and contract data will be indicated to the dealer by displaying a blue background in the differing field.
Will allow the dealer to send comments directly to the lenders analyst (if available with the lender).
The fax cover sheet will open in a separate window for dealer printing purposes. The flattened version of the eContract will be sent to the lender for funding review purposes.
The dealer will be returned to the Contract Status Detail page indicating a status of eContract Submitted.
3. DT completed supporting documentation identified by fields completed on the data entry screen.
4. Stipulations/comments supplied by the lender. Lenders will be required to supply ALL stipulations upfront at the time of application approval/counter-offer.
This section will be completed using the lenders freeform text from stipulations and comments.
The fax cover sheet will contain a bar code created using the lenders unique application identifier. This bar code will appear both on the top and bottom of the sheet to allow the fax server to identify the bar-code regardless of way faxed by dealer (top up/down).
Saved Contract data will be saved until the Credit Approval has become inactive.
An eSigned Contract will be good for 19 days from the Note Date.
eLender Verified and DTVerified statuses will be good for 5 days from the note date.
Booked/Funded Contract data will be saved in Contract Status for 60 days. The PDF version of eContract, fax cover sheet and Co-Signor Notice (if applicable) will be available for 7 days.
*Note: The lender will be required to code their respective indicators to the generic translations supplied.
eSubmitted/eReceived/eReview Contract Status Detail screen will allow the dealer to go back to the Contract Status screen via a “Back to Contract Summary” link. The dealer will not have access to the Contract Data Entry screen after submitting to the lender for verification until an eError or eLender Verified status is received.
eSaved Contract Status Detail screen will allow to the dealer to enter the eContract Data Entry screen retaining dealer-entered data via the button “Continue eContract Data Entry”.
eError Contract Status Detail screen will allow the dealer to enter the Contract Data Entry Screen displaying the error.
Will allow the dealer to print review copies (forced print) and access to the AWS Overview page which will guide the dealer through signature capture, print of final copies, and submittal of final documentation.
ePartially Signed Contract Status Detail screen will allow the dealer to reenter the Silanis Overview Page to obtain the remaining signatures via the button “Continue”.
If the vehicle has been spot delivered and the credit application for the customer has been Declined or Counter-offered, the dealer WILL NOT have the opportunity to submit the contract for funding. Please refer to the section “Submitting the eContract to Other Lender”.
eContract Submitted/eContract Received/ePending Docs—Contract Status Detail screen will allow the dealer to view lender comments indicating missing ancillary documentation, return back to Contract Status via a “Back to Contract Summary” link or view the eContract PDF via the “Generate Final eContract” button.
eBooked/eFunded Contract Status Detail screen will allow the dealer to return back to Contract Status via a “Back to Contract Summary” link or view the eContract PDF via the “Generate Final eContract” button.
eSubmit Error/eContract Submit Error—Will present the dealer with the Contract Status Detail screen including the 800# for DealerTrack Customer Service.
eCancel—Will present the dealer with the Contract Status Detail screen along with comments from the lender. DealerTrack will present the dealer with a button to “Return to Application Status”.
If the dealer chooses to “Return to Application Status”, DealerTrack will remove the customer from Contract Status and return the dealer to Application Status.
Application Status will reflect a counteroffer or turndown status on the customer.
The dealer will be required to rehash the deal with the lender and receive an approval or counter-offer in order to begin the eContract process again.
eRejected Contract Status Detail screen will allow the dealer to “Select Lender(s)”.
Should an Approved or Counter-offered application become inactive prior to achieving the Contract Status of eDocs Received, the customer and relating data will be removed from Contract Status.
DealerTrack will save the Contract and Fax Cover Sheet for seven days after submittal to the lender. The dealer will have the ability to access the PDF files and print additional copies. The Contract PDF and Fax Cover Sheet will be separate, but can be printed at the same time.
The Securitization Vault product provides member dealers, member lenders and special access users with access to the DealerTrack hosted vault. The vault is designed to allow users access to the electronic contracts that they either originated or purchased. Dealer users will only have access to the vault for viewing and printing of copies of the electronic contracts they have originated. Lender users will have the same functionality but will also have administrative rights over the electronic contracts they have purchased.
The vault will be housed on the DealerTrack servers and will be administered using the current User Administration function within DealerTrack. Additional permissions will be added to the existing permissions and will be governed by the DIO and LIO of the respective dealership and lender. The vault will store all electronic contracts for a period equaling, the life of the account plus seven years. Electronic contracts will be added to the vault real time and real time access is also required. Permissions for dealer users versus lender users will vary. The Vault access will be found under the existing Administration tab with a new link to the “Securitization Vault” page. The permission level of the user will determine what functionality they get to see. (See FIG. 28).
Dealer users will have the ability to view a copy of any electronic contract they have originated. The on screen display will present a “copy” watermark on the screen. Dealer users will also be capable of printing such copy and each printed version will also have a “copy” watermark.
Lender users will, in addition to the viewing and printing of copies, be able to perform administrative functions. They will be able to export contracts to various media, including cd, tape and paper. They will be able to view the “original” contract stored in the vault (will present a “View of Original” watermark). Lender users will be capable of converting an electronic original to a paper original using the patented “paper out” approach as designed by eOriginal. All activities within the vault will be logged in the DT system and any ownership changes will be included in the Registry. The registry is also housed on the DealerTrack system and acts as the audit trail of ownership for each contract. Lender users will have access to view the Registry in addition to the contract.
Copy: Opens Adobe and brings up the fully executed pdf file for the dealer to view and print. Both the on screen version and the printed version have a “copy” watermark.
Submit Request to Export: Submits the request to DealerTrack to export the contracts to paper.
Lender users will have permissions that will allow them to view a copy, view an original, view the registry and export contracts to cd, tape and paper. Users will be able to print out copies and the respective copies will be water-marked accordingly. If the user selects a contract or contracts to be exported, DealerTrack will display a pop up dialogue box to ensure that the user is aware that they are exporting the contracts and that the electronic version will be destroyed. Upon confirmation of the export dialogue box, DealerTrack will provide the user with a confirmation screen indicating who exported the contracts, which contracts were exported, to what media and the date and time of the export.
Copy: Opens Adobe and brings up the fully executed pdf file for the dealer to view. All viewed copies display a “copy” watermark. User can print a copy from Adobe. All printed copies display a “copy” watermark.
Original: Opens Adobe and brings up the “original” fully executed pdf file for the dealer to view. All viewed originals display a “view of original” watermark both on screen and in the printed version.
Registry: DealerTrack presents a formatted page listing the registry information for the user to view and/or print.
Export: sends a message to DealerTrack indicating which contracts (and media type) the lender wants Dealer-Track to export.
DealerTrack's eContracting solution marks the next step in the transformation of the traditional automobile financing process. The solution allows dealers and financers to complete the entire contracting process electronically. Unlike the traditional paper-based finance process, which typically takes days or weeks from start to finish, DealerTrack's eContracting solution transfers data from the credit application to an online contract form, which is validated against a financer's system to ensure accuracy. Once validated, dealers use electronic signature pads to capture participants' signatures, and then electronically submit eContracts to financers. The solution enables a dealer to receive same-day funding upon the financer's acceptance of all ancillary documentation.
The DealerTrack eContracting solution provides benefits to both dealers and financers.
data errors checks as the dealer enters data.
by a credit analyst verified prior to submission to financer.
to dealers contracts and improves response time.
volume financers on the system.
more information than paper process.
waiting time for callbacks on funding status.
documents is no longer required.
In order to participate in the DealerTrack platform, a dealer must do business with at least one financer who participates electronically on the DealerTrack platform. Once enrolled on the DealerTrack platform, a dealer may subscribe to the DealerTrack eContracting solution. An authorized user within the dealership is required to complete the subscription process. DealerTrack automatically assigns eContracting permissions to a Dealer Information Owner (DIO). The DIO is an authorized user who has the ability to add, delete and modify user access to the DealerTrack platform. The DIO can utilize the Product Subscription functionality to obtain detailed information about the eContracting solution and enroll online.
The dealer's subscription is processed and the electronic signature pad(s) are ordered on behalf of the dealership. Upon receipt of the signature pad and supporting software, the dealer completes the self-installation.
DealerTrack's eContracting solution provides a dealer with the capability to complete the application/contract process completely online. The solution allows a dealer to enter contract specific data by incorporating the application data, as well as the approval/counteroffer data as determined by the financer. The DealerTrack software application performs generic edit checks to ensure that all required data is entered prior to submitting to a financer for review. The data is submitted to the financer via a DealerTrack-defined eXtensible Markup Language (XML)1 message, which updates the financer's origination system. The financer validates that the contract data matches its decision parameters. 1, HTML. XML enables servers attached to the web to communicate structured exchanges of data to each other.
eContract Creation and Signature Capture. DealerTrack merges the validated data with the state-specific eContract. Prior to signing, the system requires that the eContract, with its integrated disclosures, be printed and presented to the customer for review. Upon satisfactory review of the eContract, the dealer obtains the customer(s) signatures using an electronic signature pad. The signatures are captured, stored and bound to the contract in Adobe's Portable Document Format (PDF)2. The eContract, including the embedded graphic signatures, is displayed to the dealer and printed for the customer. An eContract cannot be submitted to a financer until all signatures have been captured. 2 Portable Document Format—is the file format for documents viewed and created by Adobe's Acrobat Reader, Capture, Distiller, Exchange and the Acrobat Amber Plug-in for Netscape Navigator.
Financer Review and Funding. Once all signatures are captured, the dealer submits the contract and its associated data to the financer for review. The financer updates its origination system and reviews the eContract. The dealer faxes all ancillary documents required to fund the deal. Upon successful review of the eContract and ancillary documentation, the financer books the eContract and notifies the dealer that the contract is authorized for funding.
Transfer of Control and Ownership Record3 3 Ownership record—is the historical trail of ownership changes. The ownership record is created when a fully executed eContract is stored in the DealerTrack eVault. It tracks all transfers of ownership as well as other transactions such as terminations, export to financer (vault), export to financer (send), payoffs and charge-offs.
DealerTrack's system automatically updates the ownership record to reflect the transfer of control from the dealer to the financer. The ownership record reflects all transfers of control until the eContract is removed from the DealerTrack system. The financer has two options for storing purchased contracts during the transaction lifecycle. eContracts can be stored in the DealerTrack-hosted vault (DealerTrack eVault™) in a financer's exclusive segment. Alternatively, purchased contracts may be transferred directly to the financer's system using a vault-to-vault transfer.
In addition to the user interface, a financer is able to manage eContracts through an interactive programming interface between their respective servicing system and DealerTrack. All contract management is communicated to DealerTrack via messaging and an Application Programming Interface4 (API). 4 Application Programming Interface—is a set of definitions of the ways in which one application can communicate with another.
The automobile finance industry has long relied on paper documents to memorialize agreements, both with the consumer and the parties to the financing. The laws regulating automobile financing have historically required that retail installment sales contracts be in writing to be enforceable. In addition, the contracts had to be signed. As the use of electronic commerce and the drive to eliminate paper documentation has spread, state and federal lawmakers have reviewed and rethought these requirements. Both state and federal law now accommodate the use of electronic records and signatures in retail installment sales contracts.
In 1999, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) promulgated UETA. UETA establishes a set of uniform rules for electronic equivalents of writings and signatures in most business transactions, including consumer automobile financing. To date, UETA has been adopted in some form in 40 states plus the District of Columbia. In 2000 the president signed E-SIGN. It adopts most, of the significant rules of UETA and uses those rules to create a federal “baseline” for acceptance of electronic records and signatures under federal law, and under state law in states that have not adopted UETA.
NCCUSL also completed work on Revised Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) in 1999. Revised Article 9 governs transactions where a security interest is taken in personal property, such as an automobile. Revised Article 9, now adopted in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, authorizes the use of electronic records and signatures to create enforceable security agreements. This is important because retail installment sales contracts usually contain a security agreement as part of the contract, granting a security interest in the automobile to secure payment of the contract.
Revised Article 9 also creates special rules for perfecting an ownership interest in an electronic retail installment sales contract. These special rules are necessary because the old rules assumed that the contract was on paper, and gave a person who had physical possession of the paper important rights. Physical delivery of the original retail installment sales contract to the transferee was almost absolute proof of the transferee's right to enforce the underlying payment obligation. The transferee possessing the paper did not have to worry that a third party, such as another financer, would claim to own an interest in the contract or a right to enforce the underlying obligation.
It is not possible to give an individual person physical “possession” of an electronic record in the manner of a paper record. So, in order to make an electronic retail installment sales contract commercially acceptable, it was necessary to create new rules in Revised Article 9 that give the purchaser of the eContract the same rights given to the purchaser of a paper contract through the use of “control” of the eContract rather than physical possession of it.
A purchaser of the eContract can have all the same special rights as the purchaser of a paper contract as long as certain special requirements are met for creating and storing an “authoritative copy” of the eContract and keeping track of transfers of ownership.
An “electronic signature” under UETA and E-SIGN is an “electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record.” A digitized hand-written signature is included within this definition. Revised Article 9 uses a different definition, but also recognizes a digitized handwritten signature as a method for signing an electronic security agreement.
Control can only be transferred with the approval of the person already in control.
DealerTrack's eContracting solution takes advantage of these new laws and facilitates the creation, management, execution, and transfer of ownership of electronic retail installment sales contracts.
The standardized electronic retail installment sales contracts used by participating financers include the customer's agreement to use electronic records and signatures to create the contract. This satisfies the requirement that the customer agree to the use of electronic records and signatures.
The customer's handwritten signature is captured on an electronic signature pad and added to the electronic record as a graphic. This procedure complies with the requirements under the new laws for creation of an electronic signature.
A paper copy of the completed, signed eContract is printed out at the time of signing for the dealer to deliver to the customer. This satisfies the requirement that the customer receives a copy of the eContract to keep.
DealerTrack's document management system provides controls to address the special requirements that must be met for transfers of ownership. In particular, the DealerTrack eContracting solution keeps the eContract secure from unauthorized changes, and provides a secure method for tracking transfers of ownership interests in the eContract. Once all the signatures are captured, the signatures are securely bound to the eContract using signature capture/binding software, which results in creation of the “authoritative copy” required by Revised Article 9. The authoritative copy of each fully executed eContract is stored in the DealerTrack eVault.
The ownership record entry created within the vault structure initially lists the dealer as the owner of the contract. The eContracts and signatures are authenticated by the eOriginal eCoreTM Business Suite software and placed into the DealerTrack eVault with an additional digital signature to further secure the document. The system ensures that the authoritative copy is not tampered with in any way and tracks all revisions and modifications to the eContract as such within the ownership record. Upon a transfer of ownership of the authoritative copy of the eContract, the transferee is listed as the owner of the eContract with full ownership rights and the ability to grant permissions regarding the eContract. This process meets the requirements of Revised Article 9 for “control” of the eContract.
E-SIGN and some states adopting UETA have created special rules for delivering disclosures and notices to customers electronically. However, these rules only apply if the disclosures are delivered in electronic form. DealerTrack's eContracting solution provides the dealer with paper copies of the disclosures to give to the customer, both before and after the eContract is signed. The customer gets exactly the same disclosures and notices as before, in exactly the same format: paper.
The automotive finance industry is taking a leadership role in the evolution of electronic documents and digital signature technology. The mortgage industry has laid a foundation for electronic contracting and securitization for the automotive finance industry. A tremendous amount of due diligence has been completed regarding the E-SIGN laws and the acceptability/enforceability of electronic documents and digital signatures. Although there has been a significant amount of effort by the mortgage industry participants, they have yet to push the industry to utilize electronic documentation from pilot mode into production. The automotive finance industry is forging ahead to full production mode for eContracting and securitization.
Through partnerships with major dealer management systems, DealerTrack will support electronic ancillary documents that enable a truly paperless process between the dealer and financer. The addition of other types of electronic chattel paper, such as balloon payment and lease contracts, will further increase dealer and financer efficiencies.
Lastly, the industry may decide to pursue a broader goal of creating a national registry, whereby financers, investors and third parties conduct transactions utilizing a common registry. Users can access the national registry to view ownership of contracts and to initiate/confirm the transfer (buy/sell) of ownership among parties within the network. DealerTrack's involvement in industry standards definition and open standards-based architecture make it confident that the DealerTrack eVault and ownership record for eContracts are transferable and acceptable within a national registry. DealerTrack has the capability to integrate with various third parties, e.g. investors, buyers, sellers, auditors. Potentially, DealerTrack envisions that its eContracting solution could provide the basis for the national registry.
DealerTrack's eContracting solution provides the automotive finance industry with the ability to create enforceable electronic retail installment sales contracts. As part of the solution, DealerTrack uses standardized retail installment sales contracts created and maintained by Hudson Cook, LLP to ensure compliance with federal and state laws. The eContracting process significantly reduces funding turnaround time and shipping costs for dealers, while at the same time provides significant productivity gains for financers.
The DealerTrack eVault provides participants with a secure storage environment that permits eContracts to be securitized in accordance with UETA, E-SIGN, and Revised Article 9. The system provides self-service administration and robust management of contract portfolios, both through programmable interfaces and an easy-to-use web-based application.
DealerTrack is transforming the automotive finance industry from a paper intensive environment to a more efficient electronic process. DealerTrack is committed to actively participate with all interested parties to ensure the benefits of this transition are fully realized by all industry participants, e.g. dealers, financers, investors.
DealerTrack's eContracting solution provides the only mechanism available today for participants to perform fully electronic retail installment sales contract transactions.
DealerTrack has taken the initiative to develop an eContracting solution that facilitates compliance by a financer with the applicable requirements of UETA, E-SIGN and Revised Article 9. This section describes the process for creating, signing, transferring and storing eContracts.
FIG. 40 indicates the eContracting process from application submission to the funding of the eContract.
The sections below describe the eContracting process, system functionality and system rules. Upon request, DealerTrack can provide additional functional detail regarding the processes described below.
This section describes the eContracting process from application submission to storage of the eContract within the DealerTrack eVault.
DealerTrack's credit application product is widely used throughout the automotive finance industry, currently processing over 1.5 million applications per month. Even if a dealer does not submit a credit application through the DealerTrack platform, it can still utilize the DealerTrack eContracting solution if the financer transmits the credit application and decision to the dealer via DealerTrack.
The DealerTrack platform provides a dealer with a standard credit application form to collect customer, financial and collateral information. FIG. 41 illustrates a portion of the form used to collect the required information.
Once the information has been collected, it is packaged using the DealerTrack-defined XML data format and transmitted to the financer's system for a credit decision. If the credit decision returned (FIG. 42) by the financer is either an “approved” or “counter-offer,” then the dealer can proceed with the Standard process for eContracting. Similarly, if the credit decision is “pending” the dealer can utilize the Spot/Bypass process for eContracting. A “pending” credit decision occurs most commonly when the credit application requires review by a credit analyst.
To begin the eContracting process, the dealer accesses the contract data entry form from the application status detail screen (FIG. 43).
DealerTrack has created a set of state-specific standard contract data entry forms (FIG. 44) that are designed to capture all necessary information to create the eContract. All application and approval data is pre-populated into the contract data entry form. In the Spot/Bypass process only the application data is pre-populated. The remaining fields are to be completed by the dealer.
The DealerTrack platform prevents the dealer from preparing multiple contracts for the same customer. In the event a contract is modified or cancelled, the system automatically returns the dealer to the appropriate eContracting starting point.
For previously approved or counter-offered applications, the dealer submits the eContract data to the financer for verification. The eContract data is packaged in the DealerTrack XML messaging format and transferred through DealerTrack to the selected financer's application processing system. After submission, the solution disables the dealer's ability to change contract data while awaiting the financer's response. The communication that occurs between DealerTrack and the financer is real-time and is presented to the dealer in the form of status changes on the “Contract Status” screen.
As the financer processes the eContract data, it transmits any error messages identified for the dealer to address and resubmit. The system has the flexibility to accommodate multiple backend processes by the financer to support the verification of contract data entered by the dealer. Should any errors be identified, the financer notifies the dealer through DealerTrack. Once corrected, the dealer can resubmit the contract data for verification. If no errors are found, but the terms of the eContract are not within the parameters of the approval or the financer's tolerances for booking the eContract are exceeded, the financer can reroute the deal to a credit or funding analyst for review. The financer updates the status within DealerTrack along with specific reasons, and the system is automatically updated to reflect the current status.
If the contract data is verified, the financer transmits to DealerTrack the Annual Percentage Rate (APR), Monthly Payment, and Finance Charge along with the required documentation to be referenced on a bar-coded fax cover sheet. The system merges the eContract data and the financer-supplied data into the state-specific eContract template and displays it to the dealer for viewing and printing. At this point, the dealer is required to provide a paper copy to the customer for review prior to obtaining electronic signatures.
The next step in the process is a “forced” printing of a paper review copy (FIG. 45) for the customer to address any state and federal disclosure requirements. The forced print copy is presented to the customer in exactly the same manner as is currently performed in a paper environment. The printed copy indicates “Copy” as a watermark on each page, and the signature sections are blacked out to prevent the customer from applying a wet signature. The eContracting process is paused until the forced print is complete.
After printing the review copy, DealerTrack displays an overview page (FIG. 46) that contains instructions for the dealer and indicates the status of the eContracting process. The dealer is also provided the opportunity to “Cancel” or “Modify” the eContract, if requested by the customer. Modification requires the dealer to resubmit data to the financer for verification and also requires another forced print.
DealerTrack's eContracting solution provides the dealer with a screen to capture the required signatures (FIG. 47). The screen displays the required signature blocks for the buyer, co-buyer (if applicable), and dealer based on any products selected during the eContract creation process, e.g. warranty, credit life, accident and health insurance and GAP insurance. Each signature block contains language describing the associated contractual requirement.
As the dealer guides the customer through the signature capture process, the dealer selects each signature block from the screen and the corresponding language automatically appears on the electronic signature pad. This process assures that the customer is presented the required language, is aware of the required signatures, and has notice of each signature's purpose.
If there is a date requirement on the eContract for the signature, the system uses the date that the signature was bound to the eContract. The signer has the ability to recapture signatures as many times as desired before securing to the eContract; however, once secured, the signature cannot be deleted from the eContract.
The system requires the dealer to select each signature block and obtain the appropriate signature(s) individually. The dealer repeats this process until all customer and dealer signatures are obtained. Signatures cannot be cut-and-pasted across signature blocks. The system does not allow the dealer to submit the contract to a financer for funding review until all signatures are obtained (FIG. 48). Once all signatures are obtained, the dealer is capable of submitting the contract to a financer.
The system permits individual participants to sign eContracts at different times, so long as all signatures for that participant are obtained. Partially signed eContracts are only stored for five days from the date the first signature is obtained by the dealer. If the eContract is not fully executed within the five days, the signatures are no longer retained and the dealer must get the customer to re-sign the eContract. Once the first signature is obtained, the eContract cannot be altered without invalidating the signature(s). The system provides the dealer with the option to print a copy of the customer-executed eContract for the customer.
Once all the signatures are obtained, the system begins the electronic binding process. Leveraging industry standard digital signature, encryption and hashing algorithms, the system generates an “approval token,” that includes audit information and other related signer data. Once generated, the token is digitally signed, encrypted and programmatically embedded into the eContract—thereby creating a perpetual, unbreakable bond between the signer and financer.
Once embedding has taken place, the electronic signatures and related audit trail cannot be deleted or removed from the eContract. Regardless of whether the document is transmitted or archived, the electronic signatures remain part of the authoritative copy. The system inserts signatures into the eContract without corrupting or altering the usability of the file. If the document content is modified following signing, the signatures within the eContract are visibly invalidated. Authenticity of the document content, related approvals and audit trail can be verified at any time.
Once the signatures have been embedded into the eContract, the system automatically submits the eContract to the DealerTrack eVault. The submission is initiated by creating a session, referred to as the security context, with the eVault on behalf of a dealer agent account. The dealer agent account comprises a single user and an associated digital certificate. The session security context enables the vault to verify the dealer's right to submit the eContract.
When the eVault is presented with an eContract, the system initiates a series of steps that result in a persistent authoritative copy. FIG. 49 depicts the process used by the vault to create the closed, trusted environment necessary for storing eContracts.
As mentioned earlier, the vault uses the user session security context to determine the user's rights in the eVault. Dealers are provided the ability to submit new eContracts to the system for storage and initiate transfer to financers. Financer's rights include the ability to assume control of eContracts from a dealer, view an eContract, request a paper copy, or request an export. DealerTrack's eContracting solution manages these rights through the administration tools described in section on access security.
Once the user's ability to access the eVault has been validated, the system verifies the digital certificate of the dealer agent used to bind the holographic signatures to the PDF contract. This is accomplished through a real-time connection to the certificate authority5 (CA), using the online certificate status protocol (OCSP). The system is capable of verifying digital certificates from multiple CA's. However, DealerTrack recommends that a financer obtain RSA Keon certificates from a preferred provider. 5 Certificate Authority (CA)—is a trusted third-party organization or company that issues digital certificates used to create digital signatures and public-private key pairs.
After the system establishes that the dealer agent certificate is valid, it must ensure the integrity of the eContract. This is done by using the public key in the signed eContract to generate a new hash6 of the document for comparison purposes. If the eContract has been altered at all, even a single character change, the hash comparison results in a failure and the eContract is returned to the system exception handling process. 6 Hash—is the result obtained by subjecting a set of data to an algorithm for purposes of checking the data at the time the algorithm is applied.
Once the system verifies the dealer's ability to submit the eContract, the digital certificate and the integrity of the eContract, it is ready to store the eContract in the eVault. The eVault has also been assigned a digital certificate, which is used to seal the eContract prior to storage in the eVault. The eVault utilizes a trusted time source to generate a date/time stamp that is embedded in the vault-signed eContract. This enables the eVault to clearly identify the time at which control of the eContract is assumed.
The time-stamped and sealed authoritative copy is stored in the eVault, whereby it is placed in a database table. The eVault continues to monitor the integrity of the eContract over time, using a series of background processes that run automatically on a defined schedule. Access to the authoritative copy is limited by the permissions defined in the system. The eVault ensures that the financer requests to view the authoritative copy contain the appropriate watermark overlays. The system also enables a dealer to view copies of their eContracts for a limited period of time. Access to dealer unassigned eContracts is controlled by the eVault permissions.
Each financer maintains strict access control over all eContracts contained its exclusive segment of the eVault. The permissions defined by the DealerTrack administration system are used to limit access to the eContracts, as well as ensure the integrity of the documents over time.
In this way, a complete transactional history of the transfers of control is maintained for the term of the eContract plus seven years.
The ownership record is transferable and may be transmitted with the eContract if the transferee has the requisite software. The ownership record is only accessible to authorized users of the owning organization through the DealerTrack system. FIG. 50 contains a description of the information currently captured in the ownership record.
The audit log captures many data fields relevant to the event, such as the digital signature/certificate information of the transferor and transferee, user identification information and a date and time stamp.
Access to the audit log is a separate permission within the user administration function and is administered by the financer. The audit log permission can be assigned to users within the financer's organization or to a third party, e.g. an outside accounting firm, as designated by the financer.
Once a fully-executed copy of the eContract has been created, the DealerTrack system generates a second “forced” print of the fully-executed copy of the eContract and a deal-specific bar-coded fax cover sheet (FIG. 51). The bar-coded fax cover sheet includes the bar code, customer information, financer reference number and documentation required to fund the deal. The bar code is used by the financer's imaging system to associate the ancillary documentation to the eContract record.
The second forced print enables the dealer to satisfy any applicable state law requirement that the executed agreement be delivered to the customer.
At the financer's option, the contract data is packaged in the DealerTrack XML format and transmitted to the financer (FIG. 52) along with a non-authoritative or flattened7 copy of the eContract. The dealer reviews the fax cover sheet (bar-coded), obtains all ancillary documents, and faxes those documents to the financer. The financer's fax server may forward the documentation to their imaging system, referencing the bar code to match it to the previously submitted eContract. 7 Flattened—a non-authoritative copy of the PDF eContract, with appropriate watermark overlays.
In the case where a dealer is utilizing the Spot/Bypass process, the DealerTrack system still forces a second printout of the eContract for the customer. Following the second forced print, the dealer is able submit the eContract to financers who have responded with an approval or counter-offer credit decision (FIG. 53).
Upon entering the financer selection screen (FIG. 54), the dealer is limited to submission to a single financer. The dealer is required to compare the credit application data to the eContract data to determine if the eContract is within the financer's decision parameters.
The user interface identifies the fields in the contract that do not match the decision parameters (FIG. 55). If within bounds, the dealer submits the eContract to the financer in the same manner as the Standard process described above.
Upon receipt of the eContract and ancillary documents, the financer initiates the documentation review process. The financer transmits to the dealer via the DealerTrack system, toe result of the review process, e.g. booked, pending does, etc. When necessary, the financer has the ability to send comments to the dealer itemizing the missing documentation.
At any period during the funding process and for thirty days following the initial submission, the dealer and financer can each request additional print copies of the fax cover sheet and non-authoritative eContract. As required, all printed copies of the eContract contain the appropriate watermark overlay. In either the Standard or Spot/Bypass process, when the financer rejects the deal the dealer is provided with the ability to select another financer to submit for funding.
DealerTrack requests a financer to provide the dealer with priority service, e.g. same day funding, when all eContract and ancillary documents are received within the financer-specified timeframe. This feature assures the dealer that a financer reviews the contract and ancillary documen-tation in order to fund the dealer the same day.
When utilizing the eVault, the financer is allocated an exclusive segment to store their eContracts. The ownership record is automatically transferred during the transfer of control event. In the case of a financer secured storage solution, the eContract is exported from the eVault and transmitted to the financer. This process offers the flexibility of including or excluding the ownership record with the eContract package.
In either scenario, a multi-step protocol is used to facilitate the transfer of control. This process begins with the dealer initiating the transfer, the financer confirming receipt and the dealer acknowledging the confirmation of receipt. It is important to note that only the organization with control can initiate the transfer of an eContract to another party. Every transfer of control is entered into the ownership record for the eContract.
The eVault manages documents within a container transaction that includes the documents, ownership record, and user access rights. The buyer initiates the process by requesting the transfer of control. The first transfer of an eContract is from the dealer to the financer. The transfer is initiated after the financer has reviewed and accepted the contract from the dealer.
Once the financer acknowledgment has been received, the system creates an escrow account for the transfer. This also causes the documents contained in the dealer's transaction to be frozen. The escrow transaction operates as a temporary, neutral holding container for the documents and the final record of transfer (FROT)8. The dealer agent digitally signs the FROT. 8 Final Record of Transfer—The FROT is an XML document that contains information about the dealer, financer, documents involved in the transfer and their associated ownership records.
The financer system initiates the creation of the financer-owned transaction. Both parties then confirm the transfer, and the documents are transitioned from the escrow transaction to the financer's new transaction. The dealer-signed FROT is also placed in the financer's transaction. The escrow transaction is then destroyed, and the system leaves a non-authoritative copy of the eContract in the dealer transaction. The system also places a financer-signed version of the FROT in the dealer transaction.
Financers with the desire to provide their own secured storage solution continue to utilize the standard transfer of control mechanisms within the eVault. Once control of the eContract has successfully transitioned to the financer, the system packages the eContract for a vault-to-vault transfer to the financer-hosted facility.
Each of the options provides the financer with a unique manner in which to interact with the eVault, and different benefits. The direct communication link enables a financer to extend their existing servicing system capabilities to manage eContracts by interfacing with the vault using the DealerTrack-defined XML messaging interface. This allows financer personnel to continue to use their existing systems with minimal interruption. Direct connection enables rapid integration with minimal impact to the financer' s systems.
Regardless of which option the financer chooses to interact with the system, access is limited to only those eContracts stored in its exclusive segment.
Once an eContract has been transferred from the dealer to the financer, the financer is provided with the ability to securitize the eContract into the secondary market. The system provides a financer with the ability to pool, or bundle, eContracts for securitization to affiliate organizations or third parties.
The financer submits a pool request to the system from their servicing system or through the online web-based interface. The request to transfer the eContracts to the pool is processed by the system. The request consists of a collection of financer loan identifiers, which are maintained by DealerTrack in a cross-reference field on their eContracts. The system creates a new pool that contains all the eContracts identified in the request and initiates a transfer of control on behalf of the financer to the appropriately identified buyer. The buyer, who is typically a special purpose vehicle set up by the sponsoring financer, is identified as the new owner in the ownership record and each subsequent transfer of control is also reflected in the ownership record.
There is no limit to the number of transfers that are tracked in the ownership record. In order to facilitate the transfer process, an authorized financer user has the capability to create affiliate organizations within the eVault. These affiliates are issued their own digital certificate, which the ownership record uses in the transfer process. The sale to a third party is reflected in the ownership record and the third party has the ability to access those eContracts via direct communication or the online web-based interface.
The export process, which enables the transfer of eContacts electronically or to paper, is available to both dealers and financers. DealerTrack completes the process on behalf of the dealer or financer. By requesting the export, the requester is granting DealerTrack with the agency authority to perform the export. DealerTrack ensures that the eContract has been exported successfully prior to destroying the authoritative copy. The exported eContract is mailed to the requestor, with a required acknowledgment receipt.
The system is designed to export the authoritative copy while maintaining its authenticity, regardless of the media to which it is being exported. DealerTrack stores a non-authoritative copy of the exported eContract for backup purposes and destroys the authoritative copy upon confirmation that the eContract has been successfully exported. In addition, DealerTrack updates the ownership record to reflect that the export process has taken place and captures the name and user id of the individual who initiated the export.
Spot Delivery9—the ability to enter eContract data and create the eContract PDF file 9 Spot Delivery—is the Spot/Bypass process defined earlier that allows a dealer to generate and execute an eContract without prior credit approval from a financer.
FIG. 58 depicts the screen for assigning and managing a dealer's user permissions.
FIG. 59 depicts the screen for assigning and managing a financer's user permissions.
The DealerTrack architecture is fully scalable and designed for high availability and reliability. An N-tier10 logical design is utilized for maximum flexibility. The infrastructure is externally hosted and consists of a production site on the East Coast and disaster recovery site on the West Coast. The production site is fully redundant with no single point of failure. 10 N-tier—is an application that is distributed into separate software layers (e.g. presentation, business logic and database).
Intel and Unix servers comprise the DealerTrack processing platform. Servers have Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks—Level 511 (RAID-5) storage arrays and multiple processors, and are clustered for maximum availability. 11 Redundant Array of Inexpensive (or Independent) Disks (RAID)—is a collection of drives, which collaboratively act as a single storage system. The RAID can tolerate the failure of a drive without losing data and can operate independently of each other.
DealerTrack uses a pair of hardware load balancers configured for automatic fail-over to distribute transaction traffic across its web server farm. The load balancers also perform secure sockets layer (SSL)12 encryption and decryption using hardware acceleration. Web/application servers can be rotated in and out of service while the site is operating without affecting user sessions. 12 Secure sockets layer (SSL)—is a transaction security standard that provides data encryption, server authentication, and message integrity. SSL is generally used on sites that want to keep information private.
The software architecture consists of separate layers for presentation, application processing, and database processing, allowing for maximum flexibility, extensibility, scalability, and ease of development. Object-oriented component development with a separate Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)13 presentation layer is used in the web/application tier to support extensibility and performance. Asynchronous processing and message queuing are used throughout the middle tier to enhance scalability and reliability. Stored procedures and transactions with automatic rollback are used in the database to maximize performance and data integrity. 13 Hypertext markup language (HTML)—the encoding language used by Internet browsers to display text, images and links.
DealerTrack personnel provide “managed services” for networking, hardware and software monitoring and maintenance. Both data centers have been independently audited and a SAS #7014 report is available. 14 SAS #70—is an auditing standard designed to enable an independent auditor to evaluate and issue an opinion on a service organization's controls. The audit report (i.e. the service auditor's report) contains the auditor's opinion, a description of the controls placed in operation, and description of the auditor's tests of operating effectiveness.
DealerTrack is implemented in a layered firewall environment. All communications to and from the Internet are encrypted with 128-bit SSL. DealerTrack employs an intrusion detection system (IDS) operating both externally to the site (outside the firewall), as well as, internally on all Ethernet segments. Firewalls and IDS are both managed and monitored 24/7, 365 days a year, by an independent security management company.
DealerTrack utilizes a commercial software solution for securely managing user access to all applications. All incoming traffic must be authenticated before it is authorized to be passed on to the application. Once a user has been authorized, access control to specific functions within the site is performed by the application. DealerTrack has a highly granular access control system, which includes the granting and revocation of user permissions to functions on the site. A financer is granted security administration privileges to manage their users and access to their information. The security administrator can create/modify/delete users and assign specific privileges to individuals in order to match job responsibilities.
DealerTrack maintains and monitors logs of all activity on the site.
DealerTrack has obtained certification from TruSecure Corporation, a leading industry security certification body. This certification program entails a comprehensive evaluation of DealerTrack's security program. The evaluation includes extensive testing of the website's perimeter defenses. As a result of this process, recommendations are made and implemented. The certification program requires continual monitoring and adherence to critical security policies and practices.
(a) Database Backup—The database environment consists of a two-node server cluster and two fiber attached storage arrays. Each storage array is attached to both nodes of the cluster. The arrays are configured for RAID-5 and the data is mirrored across arrays. This configuration protects against data loss in the event that a disk or even the entire storage array is lost.
Database backup occurs on a nightly basis. A copy of the database is exported and transmitted over a secured virtual private network (VPN)15 to the disaster recovery site where it is imported into a secured database instance. 15 Virtual Private Network (VPN)—is a network that is constructed by using the public Internet as the medium for transporting data. A VPN uses encryption and other security mechanisms to ensure that the data traveling across the network is kept private and secure.
(b) Database Backup (Scheduled for June, 2003)—DealerTrack is upgrading the current disk storage environment to a Storage Area Network (SAN)16. This new storage solution is highly resilient and as in today's environment the storage array uses RAID-5 for data protection. To improve disaster recovery capability, DealerTrack is implementing the real-time replication of data from the production site to the disaster recovery site in conjunction with this project. In addition, a nightly procedure is executed to back up the database to tape. The data is encrypted before being written to tape. A bonded courier then transports the backup tapes to a secured offsite facility for storage. 16 Storage Area Network (SAN)—is a high-speed special-purpose sub-network that interconnects different kinds of data storage devices with associated data servers.
(c) Database Recovery (DR)—In the unlikely event that data is lost, a point-in-time recovery methodology is used to restore the data. Point-in-lime recovery restores data to a point prior to the loss or corruption by recovering the data from activity log files. If the data is unrecoverable using this method, a copy can be recreated from the DR database or, as a last resort, from a backup tape.
5. Partner Integration—Integration with financers is currently performed using XML encoded messages. DealerTrack is a member of both STAR and AFSA and is committed to supporting published standards as they evolve in the automotive finance industry. XML messages may be sent over a number of transports such as: HTTPS Post, Microsoft Message Queuing, IBM MQSeries and TCP/IP (Sockets).
Having now described exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing is illustrative only and not limiting, having been presented by way of example only. All the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same purpose, and equivalents or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Therefore, numerous other embodiments of the modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereto.
For example, the techniques described herein may be implemented in hardware or software, or a combination of the two. The techniques may be implemented in computer programs executing on programmable computers that each include a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device and one or more output devices. Program code is applied to data entered using the input device to perform the functions described and to generate output information. The output information is applied to one or more output devices.
Each program may be implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system, however, the programs can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language.
Each such computer program is preferably stored on a storage medium or device (e.g., CD-ROM, hard disk or magnetic diskette) that is readable by a general or special purpose programmable computer for configuring and operating the computer when the storage medium or device is read by the computer to perform the procedures described in this document. The system may also be considered to be implemented as a computer-readable storage medium, configured with a computer program, where the storage medium so configured causes a computer to operate in a specific and predefined manner. For illustrative purposes the present invention is embodied in the system/apparatus configuration, method of operation and product or computer-readable medium, such as carrier waves, floppy disks, conventional hard disks, CD-ROMS, Flash ROMS, nonvolatile ROM, RAM and any other equivalent computer memory device. It will be appreciated that the system, apparatus, method of operation and product may vary as to the details of its configuration and operation without departing from the basic concepts disclosed herein.
wherein the approval token comprises audit information and other data related to the applicant.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said server for providing an electronic contract provides on said at least one application input and display device an electronic contract form having at least one first data field containing at least a portion of said credit application information and at least one second data field for entry of electronic contract information by said applicant.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein said server for providing an electronic contract stores in a storage medium at least a partially completed electronic contract.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein said server for providing an electronic contract forwards at least said electronic contract information to said selected funding source for verification purposes and receives a funding source verification message from said selected funding source.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein said server for providing an electronic contract prevents access by said applicant to said electronic contract information until receipt of said funding source verification message.
6. The system of claim 2, wherein said server for providing an electronic contract receives an electronic signature of at least said applicant for said electronic contract.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein said hosted vault for storing, retrieving, and maintaining the integrity of said electronic contract receives and stores said electronic contract in a second storage medium for a predefined period of time.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein said hosted vault for storing, retrieving, and maintaining the integrity of said electronic contract retrieves said stored electronic contract from said second storage medium and displays said stored electronic contract having an “original” or “copy” designation on said at least one application input and display device.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein said hosted vault for storing, retrieving, and maintaining the integrity of said electronic contract maintains in said second storage medium user permissions data of at least one authorized user.
10. The system of claim 7, further comprising a registry and wherein said hosted vault for storing, retrieving, and maintaining the integrity of said electronic contract stores electronic contract ownership information in said registry.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising providing on said at least one remote application input and display device an electronic contract form having at least one first data field containing at least a portion of said credit application information and at least one second data field for entry of electronic contract information by said applicant.
13. The method of claim 11, further comprising forwarding at least said electronic contract information to said selected funding source for verification purposes and receiving a funding source verification message from said selected funding source.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising preventing access to said electronic contract information by said applicant until receipt of said funding source verification message.
15. The method of claim 11, further comprising capturing an electronic signature of at least said applicant for said electronic contract using an electronic signature device.
16. The method of claim 11, further comprising selectively forwarding said electronic contract information to another of said one or more funding sources for funding.
17. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving and storing in a second storage medium said electronic contract for a predefined period of time.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising monitoring access to said electronic contract stored in said storage medium.
19. The method of claim 17, further comprising providing and storing electronic contract ownership information in a registry.
21. The program storage device of claim 20, wherein the method steps further comprise providing on at least one application entry and display device an electronic contract form having at least one first data field containing at least a portion of said application information and at least one second data field for entry of electronic contract information by said applicant.
22. The program storage device of claim 20, wherein the method steps further comprise forwarding at least said electronic contract information to said selected funding source for verification purposes and receiving a funding source verification message from said selected funding source.
23. The program storage device of claim 22, further comprising preventing access to said electronic contract information by said applicant until receipt of said funding source verification message.
24. The program storage device of claim 20, wherein the method steps further comprise providing for at least one authorized user of said system and maintaining in said second storage medium user permissions data of said at least one authorized user.
25. The program storage device of claim 20, wherein the method steps further comprise capturing an electronic signature of at least said applicant of said electronic contract using an electronic signature device.
26. The program storage device of claim 20, wherein the method steps further comprise receiving and storing in a second storage medium said electronic contract for a predefined period of time.
27. The program storage device of claim 26, wherein the method steps further comprise the steps of retrieving said stored electronic contract from said second storage medium and displaying said stored electronic contract having an “original” or “copy” designation on said at least one application entry and display device. | 2019-04-24T00:11:52Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/US20160343076A1/en |
The shock of that day you hear the words, “you have cancer” never leaves you and your sense of certainty in life and in your body can be hard to recapture after a diagnosis of cancer. One of the most common fears survivors report is the fear of their cancer returning. This fear can be most acute in the months following treatment as we wrestle with thoughts of rogue cancer cells hiding inside of us, just looking for the chance to plant themselves in some organ. This may in part be to the fact that we not told our cancer is cured, but rather it is in remission – the very word implies only a temporary cessation of activities.
Although we don’t want to face the possibility, we cannot hide our heads in the sand and pretend it will never happen to us. While we don’t want the fear to take over our lives, we still need to be vigilant – a local recurrence may still be curable, so early detection of a local recurrence is very important. You may find that educating yourself about all aspects of your disease, your personal risk of recurrence and the preventative measures you can take may help decrease your fear.
What is a cancer recurrence?
1. Local recurrence – the cancer reappears in the same place (or close by) as it was originally found, but hasn’t spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body.
2. Regional recurrence – the cancer recurs in the lymph nodes and tissue surrounding the original cancer.
3. Distant recurrence – when the cancer cells break away from the original tumour and spread (metastize) to areas farther away from the original cancer site. around the body .
Does fear of recurrence ever go away?
Fear of recurrence is a normal experience after a life-changing event like cancer and it is most acute in the immediate aftermath of treatment ending. Normally it fades as time passes and only rears its head again at times such as your annual medical check up, the anniversary of your diagnosis or treatment ending, or someone you know being diagnosed with breast cancer or a cancer recurrence.
What if the fear doesn’t go away?
For some people, the voice of fear cannot be quietened and if you find it starts to impact your life in ways that are not healthy for you, then I would recommend getting in touch with a mental health professional who can help you work through it. Support groups can also be a safe place to discuss and explore fear of recurrence. Sometimes talking about the fear can help decrease it.
How to know when an ache or pain is something to get checked out?
This is a common question from survivors and as a rule of thumb, I recommend the “two week rule.” If you have a symptom that is persistent and consistent over a period of two weeks (meaning the symptoms remain the same in intensity), then make an appointment for a visit to your oncologist or nurse specialist who will decide what tests need to be done. Obviously, if you have a pain which increases in intensity, the two week rule does not apply and you should make an appointment straight away to get it checked out.
This really is a case of finding what works best for you, but I have compiled the list below from research with survivors on things that have work for them and it may be a good starting point for you.
1. Exercise. Many of the survivors I know swear by cardiovascular activities, such as running, biking, hiking and brisk walking. Exercise has also been shown to reduce the risk of a cancer occurrence so it makes sense to get moving. Aim for activity that gets your heart rate up for 30 to 45 minutes.
2. Deep breathing. Did you know that 15 minutes a day of daily deep breathing can have a powerful effect on your anxiety and overall feeling of calm and wellness?
3. Complementary therapies such as reiki, massage and acupuncture can also help enormously with decreasing anxiety.
4. Spirituality. Spirituality is not just about prayer and religion, though for some this is a huge source of comfort. Any ritual that helps you get in touch with a higher source of strength, well being and purpose for your life will help you lower your anxiety.
5. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
The aim of CBT is to help you to change how you think (‘Cognitive’) and what you do (‘Behaviour’) in order to help you to feel better. It is based on the principle that certain ways of thinking can trigger, or fuel, certain health problems such as anxiety. A CBT therapist helps you to identify any unhelpful thought patterns you may have and how to change your ways of thinking to avoid these thoughts. Your doctor can recommend a CBT therapist for you or look up an accredited list of practitioners such as those listed on the website of The Psychological Society of Ireland.
6. Anti-anxiety medicines. If you tried other healthy ways of managing your anxiety, but are still feeling overwhelmingly anxious, then talk to your doctor about anti-anxiety medication. We know that people diagnosed with cancer are 15 to 25 percent more likely to experience depression and anxiety, and it is not uncommon for someone to go on an anti-anxiety medicine for a short or long period of time while trying to learn other coping skills.
7. Don’t get hung up on the statistics While cancer survival rates are useful in giving you a general idea of your prognosis they can’t tell you about your situation specifically. Some people choose to know everything about their type of cancer, including statistical survival rates, but others find that the statistics are just numbers which may bewilder and frighten them. Numbers are tools, not rules, so don’t get too hung up on them.
Now over to you? What ways have you found best for dealing with your fear of recurrence?
Have you had your green walk today?
Tags : anxiety, breast cancer, Cancer, cancer remission, cancerversary, dealing with cancer fears, fear of cancer recurrence, What is a cancer recurrence?
Great post! I think you are right and the fear never fully leaves you – as you say your confidence in your body has been shattered by the cancer experience – but I also agree that the fear fades in intensity with time.
This practical advice is really helpful – I am struggling with a lot of anxiety right now around this issue and I am going to take your advice and put it into practise – starting with exercise. I have also booked a massage for later in the week.
Thank you for including anti anxiety meds in this post as I felt i was somehow a failure for having to go on them for a while last year. I do think it helped me think clearer and get motivated to put some healthier strategies in place.
I agree Emma that we can sometimes feel as if it is somehow shameful to have to “resort” to medication to deal with our anxieties but it is important to know that it is an option we can turn to when nothing else seems to have worked.
It does get easier as the years go by,believe me.
I find yoga a wonderful way to control my stress – check out a local class and give it a try.
Yoga is wonderful on so many levels Alison.
I have just heard the news that my friend has been diagnosed with mets and it has shocked me deeply and brought up all my old anxieties about my own cancer again.
I am sorry to hear about your friend Deirdre and it is perfectly normal to react the way you have. One thing I will say is please don’t let this fear isolate you from your friend who will need your support now more than ever.
As someone living with secondaries, I think it is important that survivors prepare themselves (well as much as you can ever prepare yourself) for the possibility of a recurrence. The reality is that cancer does recur and you need to be vigilant, without letting it take over your life of course.
It is a terrifying prospect for many of us – that fear that cancer might return, but you know what has helped me? It has been reading stories that you have published rencently from bloggers such as Anna of Cancer Chronicles and seeing how she copes and survives gives me strength and hope that if the worst came to the worst, I could too.
So glad to hear that Anna has inspired you – she has opened my eyes to many realities that i hadn’t fully taken count of before. She is an amazing inspiration.
I tend to deal with it in a fatalistic way – I think your life is mapped out for you and if cancer is going to get you, well it is going to get you and you can’t spend your life worrying about this. So enjoy life – live it to the full and have no regrets when your time comes. I don’t mean this to sound flippant – i too have had my dark nights of the soul – but in the end, this is what has worked best for me.
In response to Shauna’s comment, i don’t think this is flippant at all. In fact I too believe it is the only way to live your life – to live fully in each day, and to be open to all the possibilities each day brings. I say this as a 3 year cancer survivor, diagnosed with a local recurrence 6 months ago.
Thanks Geraldine and I wish you well with your treatment and keep up that great attitude.
I was devastated when I was diagnosed with a recurrence of my breast cancer 2 years ago, but now 2 years later, I am surviving and as Geraldine says living each day as fully as I can – it truly is the only way to live.
Hi Amelia, thanks for sharing your thoughts and it is true that it is not always easy to put this into practise but ultimately it is the best way to live.
There is strong evidence to suggest that physical activity after diagnosis and treatment reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence and can help improve quality of life so I would encourage you all to take up some activity which challenges you aerobically at least 3 times a week.
Thanks for your comment Jeanette and yes, the evidence is certainly there so we do well to heed it.
You are absolutely right Lara – this is an important point indeed.
Excellent post Marie – this is so much the elephant in the room and it echoes so much of the debate at the moment about Metastatic Breast Cancer and how we all need to engage in that debate.
What a great comment Philippa and really we can’t any of us do much more than this.
I was first diagnosed with IBC August 2008 and have had two recurrences since – now metastatic. I remember I really struggled after the first round of treatment was done chemo, then radiation, then mastectomy with no evidence of malignancy left. I finally got my head round it by saying that if it came back it just meant more treatment, nothing more. Although I am now metastatic I will not say I’m dying of this disease unless dying is the only option I’ve got. Until then I’m going to be living!! The fear doesn’t go away but you learn to manage it in time.
Hi Jenny I am so glad you shared your story with us today and provided a link to your blog which I am looking forward to checking out. Your voice is such an important one for us to hear!
It is true the fear never disappears, but life must go on after BC. Being body aware is the only true way of dealing with the aftermath of BC. I find now I am taking my time and enjoying what life holds for me.
Hi Sarah, thanks for your comment and for sharing your thoughts with us.
What a thorough and comprehensive post, Marie, something every cancer survivor can relate. My favorite word you’ve used is “aftermath,” as in what’s left in the wake of a flood, earthquake or tsunami. Nothing is the same again, and it will take time and lots of work to make things right again.
This is a terrific post and I love the practical suggestions. I do worry about recurrence and possibly more so than the ‘average’ bc survivor since I am BRCA2 positive, even though I don’t even know the statistics for recurrence in this group. I’m not even sure there are any. Plus the fact my mom’s recurred, makes me worry a bit more. I find most of my worrying goes on at night when I wake up and cannot fall asleep.
I try to do what I can, so I can say if and when that happens I did all I could. Then I just try to ‘let go’ and live/enjoy life. Plus, I am inspired by those who have had a recurrence. Those women, like my mom, are my heros. They prove if and when recurrence happens, you don’t have to just ‘pack up’ and call it quits!
Thanks for a great comment Nancy, which pretty much sums up where I am at with this issue too. I do what I can – then let go and recently since hearing their stories, I too feel heartened and inspired by those for whom a recurrence has become a reality. I look at how they have faced up to the challenge and it gives me hope that if this happened for me, i could do the same with some of their same dignity and courage.
Thanks for this post Marie. Very interesting reading the responses and makes me feel ‘normal’ that I worry sometimes.
Love your blog! I am recently diagnosed with CML; a type of leukemia. I often find it hard to believe that I have cancerous blood running to every part of my healthy body! I am waiting and hoping for the remission stage of this disease!
Marie, great post! I hope you have eased the minds of many with your reassuring words and helpful hints for coping with the anxiety that inevitably accompanies a cancer diagnosis.
I found many of the suggestions you provide to be useful in lowering my fears of recurrence. I’ve already been through a recurrence so I am not quite as fearful, if that makes any sense. Running a 5K, sharing with audiences what has brought me hope (at support groups, cancer centers, women’s and caring ministry groups, and American Cancer Society events), taking long bubble baths, and listening to music that soothes my soul are some of the ways I deal with the angst. I just had my first one-year appointment with my oncologist today (instead of six-month checkups) and for the first time had no scanxiety, a word coined by Lori Hope that I like very much.
Great tips for anyone dealing with this fear, and there are quite a few of us out there. I don’t often have it but I remember getting that ice cold feeling on the back of my neck when my family doctor ordered a tumor marker blood test about a year after my mastectomy. It completely blindsided me.
I am 6 years out and I got my tumor markers done earlier this year after my annual check up – I too felt that same feeling of horror and what if worry until I got the all clear. I guess it really does never leave you.
The thing about the two week rule is that it is turning me into a hypochondriac. I worry about pain that wouldn’t have been worrisome pre cancer. It also doesn’t help that I have developed many new pains, thanks to asomasin.
What a worry Lisa and I do understand how long 2 weeks can be! It can feel like an eternity. Some people like the structure of “rules” – some people don’t. I am also sorry to hear that asomasin is causing you other pain which can only be adding to the difficulties for you. Please seek whatever support you can to deal with your worries and anxieties and best of luck! M.
I am an 8 yr Breast cancer survivor. I was totally shocked when I found out I had cancer at 39. I took the bull by the reigns and decided it wasn’t going to get me. You have to keep a positive attitude when you are dealing with something like this or it will absolutely consume you! Stay positive and stay strong! That’s what my dad always said to me and it works, since he was as 30 yr prostate cancer survivor until he had a recurrence. Good Luck to everyone who is fighting it or has fought it. Let’s continue to beat the DEMON!
Great, informative post, Marie. Not a single day goes by where I don’t consider the possibility of recurrance, but life will be what it will be. I’m trying very hard to appreciate everyday and change the things I can control, such as diet and exercise. Although even with that in mind, I’m not so great on the exercise part.
Once you have a cancer diagnosis, your life is never the same. You live with cancer. Not a day goes by when you don’t have thoughts about it.
My first colonoscopy found I had cancer (thankfully stage 0). Further testing found I had the MYH gene that, studies show, guarantees you get colon cancer. Rather than have my colon removed (as doctors recommended) I elected for frequent screenings and removal of any polyps. In addition I started a very strict, healthy diet.
After 6 colonoscopies in 18 months and removal of 61 polyps (including the one with cancer) I had a perfectly clean colonoscopy. The diet worked!
Hi Chris, thanks so much for stopping by and sharing your story with us. You sure have been through a lot but wonderful to hear you have come out the other side. May you continue to thrive and be healthy!
Hi I have recently finished my radiotherapy, and have had all the feelings you are talking about, I am pleased to feel and know that I am not being wingy, I am planning walks, swimming and going on holiday to visit friends when I can. Thanks to everyone this page has done me the world of good, Im off for a pedicure and manicure at the support group its run my voluteers and it really helps. Take care everyone dont let it get you down . | 2019-04-21T08:40:53Z | https://journeyingbeyondbreastcancer.com/2011/05/17/has-my-cancer-really-gone-dealing-with-the-fear-of-recurrence/ |
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Pac-Man 256 is an endless maze runner from Hipster Whale and 3 Sprockets. In this game, you’ll take control of classic hero Pac-Man as he gobbles pellets, ghosts, fruit, and power-ups while earning points for every item consumed. Gamezebo’s Pac-Man 256 Tips, Cheats and Strategies will help you stuff Pac-Man’s pizza face to the crust and beyond.
There are two types of currency in Pac-Man 256, and they’re used for different things. Coins have one purpose: upgrading power-ups. You’ll spend coins to make your power-ups last longer and award more points. Coins can be collected within the maze itself while playing, by completing objectives, and by watching video ads.
Credits are spent before starting a round in order to use power-ups in your next run. It costs one credit to use power-ups on a playthrough, no matter which power-ups you select. Credits are also used to continue a run if you die, although this can only be done once per run (this means if you have five credits, you can’t choose to continue five times). They have one final bonus use, as well: if you used a credit during your run, the pellets you earn towards your next power-up unlock will receive an extra “credit boost,” which is usually about 10 percent of the pellets you earned that run.
Credits are capped at 6 and are earned automatically over time, similar to an energy system, but you can play the game without power-ups and without spending a credit anytime for free. You’ll also sometimes earn credits (2) by watching a video ad.
You can make permanent purchases to make Pac-Man 256 a more premium experience. The in-app purchases aren’t immediately apparent in-game, but there are two “unlocks” in relation to coins and credits. The first is the coin doubler, which doubles all coins earned. To purchase this for $4.99, enter the power-ups menu and tap the “+ coins” icon in the upper-right corner. This will open the Pac-Shop that contains the coin doubler. The other in-app purchase is a bit harder to get to. You need to run out of credits and then choose something that requires credits (either play with power-ups or continue after death). The Pac-Shop will open with the option to buy a temporary credit boost, watch an ad for credits, or purchase unlimited credits for $7.99, which removes any credit restrictions.
Your score is based entirely on what you eat, not where you go. Unlike Crossy Road, which awards points strictly for distance, Pac-Man 256 is entirely concerned with what you are able to eat. Getting farther along the maze will help you earn a higher score by providing more pellets and ghosts to eat, but the distance itself has no bearing on your results. Because of this, feel free to explore the maze horizontally and backtrack as needed, especially to snag fruit and power-ups.
Pac-Man 256 can be played in landscape or portrait mode, but just like in Crossy Road, landscape reigns supreme. In portrait mode on a phone, you won’t be able to see the entirety of the maze. Landscape will show both sides of the map, allowing you to plan out your path more easily and be aware of what’s waiting on the other side of a warp tunnel. The benefit of landscape is felt most strongly in early stages of the game: as you get farther along, the maze becomes thinner, and even in portrait mode you should be able to see from the left side to the right.
In the world of endless games, it’s easy to forget that you don’t have to be moving continuously. Pac-Man will stop moving if he hits a wall without being given another directional input. Use this to your advantage in tight spots. For instance, if you’re coming up on the patrolling green ghosts, stop at the closest wall and wait for them to pass before moving on. With the “end” of the level clearly visible in the glitch that’s chasing you from behind, it’s easy to know how much time you can spend in one spot while avoiding incoming dangers.
One of the important strategies in the original PAC-MAN is knowing when to use power pellets: you don’t just want to gobble them all up at once. The same is still true in Pac-Man 256; although it’s an endless game and you’ll always come across more as you go along, you also want to use the ones you come across in the most advantageous way possible.
First, it’s important to be aware that upon eating either a power pellet or a power-up, any others on the board will turn into white cubes. Eating these cubes will extend the life of your current power, but only slightly. If your power runs out, any white cubes remaining on the board will return to what they were originally and can be eaten and activated.
If your current ability is from a power pellet, other power pellets will remain as such — they won’t become white cubes — and eating them will refill your power meter entirely. In the image above, Pac-Man is coming up on a power pellet refill and a power-up that has become a white cube (partial refill) is in the lane below him. If you have a mostly full power meter, it can be wise to wait before eating a second power pellet — otherwise you’ll be wasting part of it. If you wait until your first power pellet expires, however, you’ll lose any ghost multiplier currently active, so eating multiple power pellets is a balancing act.
There are numerous points multipliers in Pac-Man 256, and all of them will help you build up a decent score.
Ghosts: Eating a single ghost in power pellet mode awards 10 points. Ghosts’ point values increase by 10 for each one you eat on a single pellet. So the second ghost you eat awards 20 points, third is 30 points, tenth is 100 points, etc.
Pellets: The normal, small pellets that line the entire maze are worth one point each. When you reach a chain of 16 pellets, you’ll bank 16 extra points. This bonus set of points occurs at every double of the chain from that point on. So, at 32 points, you earn 32 points. At 64, 64. At 128, 128.The largest chain possible is 256: when you reach 256, the board flashes and all visible ghosts will be destroyed. Once you hit 256, the chain automatically resets to one.
When eating pellets, your current chain is visible as a small, white number alongside Pac-Man. When you hit the milestones mentioned above, they’ll appear as larger blue numbers. If you break your chain by missing a pellet, the point you were at in your last chain will appear as a yellow number where it was broken. In the image above, you can see we broke a chain at 20 pellets on the left side of the screen, and we just reached the milestone of 16 with our current chain.
This means if you eat a cherry and have its multiplier active, everything else you eat will award 2x its normal amount of points. Pellets will be worth two points instead of one. Ghosts are worth 20 instead of 10, etc.
Note that fruits replace each other, so if you have a fruit multiplier still active and eat another fruit — even if it has a lower multiplier — the new fruit and multiplier will immediately take effect. Due to fruits’ spacing on the board, however, this rarely happens.
The main lesson is: always eat your fruit. Even better, eat it right before or after a power pellet for best results.
There are eight different types of ghosts in Pac-Man 256, recognizable by both color and movement style. You’ll get to know them well as you play, but it’s nice to be aware of their patterns ahead of time.
Blinky: Single red ghost. Blinky is one of the smartest ghosts and the most vengeful. He’s much more focused on nabbing Pac-Man than Inky or Clyde, who will often stroll right past you. Blinky will cross the entire maze to reach Pac-Man, and he takes all the most logical turns to get there. He basically finds the shortest path to Pac-Man and follows it. Blinky is the same speed as Pac-Man, so you can outrun him, but you won’t get far. You’ll have to take a lot of sudden turns and roundabout ways to avoid Blinky.
Pinky: Single pink ghost. Pinky stands in place until she sees you, then will race at you in a straight line. She can only see Pac-Man if he enters her line of sight — so not around corners or through walls. She’s faster than Pac-Man and will catch him if you continue on the same straightaway long enough. To avoid, turn a corner when she’s giving chase. If the corner is at the end of her trajectory, she’ll turn and follow you upon seeing you again. Keep turning until you’re no longer within her line of sight.
Spunky: Single gray ghost. Spunky stands in one spot and sleeps until Pac-Man comes near. Once you’re within a few steps of Spunky —f rom any direction, even behind a wall — he will wake up, flash white, and come after you. Spunky will give dedicated chase for about five seconds before falling asleep again. Even if he’s about to capture Pac-Man, if enough time has passed, he’ll automatically fall asleep. The same Spunky can be awoken more than once if you stay in his proximity for too long or cross it again. Spunky is the same speed as Pac-Man, so you can outrun him, but just barely.
Clyde: Single orange ghost. Clyde and Inky (blue ghost) have similar strategies and you’ll often see them near one another. Clyde likes to travel vertically: he’ll often move from the top of the screen to the bottom as Pac-Man makes his way in the opposite direction. Given the choice between going straight down and turning, Clyde will typically choose to continue going straight. Note: this is not true 100% of the time, and Clyde will occasionally turn. However, if you’re on a straightaway with Clyde coming at you, you should probably get off at the next intersection. Clyde is slower than Pac-Man: if you follow him for long enough, you will run into his back.
Inky: Single blue ghost. Inky likes to travel horizontally. Inky will often remain in the same general area of the map, but going in circles. You’ll rarely see him cross the entire width of the maze; he usually travels clockwise or counterclockwise around a chosen shape, preferring to turn over going straight. However, if the area he is following is long, he will proceed around it in the same direction for quite awhile. If you were on a straightaway with Inky coming at you, unlike Clyde, it’s often safe to assume he will turn off at the next exit. He walks at the same speed as Clyde, so if you were to follow Inky for long enough, you would catch up to him.
Sue: Chain of purple ghosts. Sue moves extremely slowly, but deliberately. Sue will only move in a horizontal line, restricting her to a single lane. However, she tracks Pac-Man from afar and moves towards him at all times, attempting to block his progress. If you continue in the same vertical lane for long enough, you’ll eventually find Sue has moved herself in front of your next intersection and is stopped there. To get around, either quickly travel to the next intersection before Sue can get there, or bait her to moving in another direction before heading back to the original entryway.
You’ll probably rarely get caught by Sue, but she makes it easy for other ghosts to catch up to you while you’re trying to find an alternate path. Note on both Funky and Sue: although they always appear as groups of ghosts, they count as individual ghosts when you’re eating them, with the standard multipliers for each. You can eat all but one ghost in a Funky or Sue chain, and the sole survivor will continue in the same pattern as before.
Funky: Chain of green ghosts. Funky always features a series of ghosts right next to each other. They only travel horizontally, patrolling long corridors. Like Sue, Funky will travel left until it hits a wall and then right until it hits another wall, and then repeats this indefinitely. Pac-Man will often have to wait at an intersection for Funky to pass before moving on. He moves faster than Funky, so following them on their path risks running into them from behind. If there is a warp tunnel in Funky’s lane, he will enter it.
Glitchy: Glitchy starts appearing slightly later in the maze; you’ll rarely see him right near the beginning. He looks like the glitch wave that is following Pac-Man: a series of twitchy black pixels with random numbers and letters scattered throughout. Glitchy will appear suddenly in the maze as if teleported in; he’ll first just be the glitch itself as he materializes. At this point, you can walk through Glitchy without harm. However, after a few seconds, he becomes a full-fledged ghost and will kill Pac-Man if touched. Glitchy takes on the strategies of any of the non-chain ghosts; you can usually tell what “type” of Glitchy it is by watching his movements — a stationary Glitchy is either Pinky or Spunky, for instance. He will also disappear from the maze randomly, allowing him to avoid power pellet Pac-Man sometimes.
General ghost behavior: All ghosts will turn blue and become edible after Pac-Man ingests a power pellet. Ghosts with attack patterns will not be aggressive when blue — for example, Pinky will not rush at Pac-Man and Spunky will not wake up.
Also, no ghost can walk the opposite direction on a conveyor belt (the arrows that sometimes appear within the maze itself). Walking against the arrows slows Pac-Man down, but ghosts cannot do this at all. Attempting to enter a conveyor from the wrong end will just stop them and force them to turn around. If they enter a conveyor from the correct end, they will always ride it all the way to the end. This makes conveyors a good place for Pac-Man to hide from ghosts for short periods.
Pac-man takes orders ahead of time, meaning his movement is based on the last swipe instruction you gave him. This means you can tell Pac-Man where to go before he actually gets there. For example, if you’re on a long straightaway and you swipe right, Pac-Man cannot go right—but he will continue going straight until he reaches a right turn, at which point he’ll automatically turn right. If he reaches a dead end without an appropriate instruction — if he reached a left-only turn but you last told him to go right, for instance — he’ll just stop at the dead end until you swipe a different direction. You can change your input at any time; he’ll always use the last swipe you gave him to decide where to go.
Watch the power pellet meter instead of the flashing ghosts. When your power pellet ability is getting low, the blue ghosts will begin to flash white to indicate they’re turning back to normal. However, they begin flashing well before you’re in any real danger of them changing back. The power pellet meter that appears above your score total is a more accurate indicator. It’s also worth noting that every time you eat a ghost in power pellet mode, you gain a tiny bit of the meter back. This is useful if you’re going after a Funky or Sue chain while low on power pellet: you usually earn enough of the meter back with each ghost eaten that you can safely go after an entire chain without worry.
Continues remove ghosts, but not power-ups. If you die and choose to use a credit to get a continue, all of the ghosts that were visible on screen will be removed. Any power-ups or power pellets will remain, however, giving you a short breather before being bombarded again.
Warp tunnels offer brief invincibility. The warp tunnels that sometimes appear on the edges of the maze let you quickly travel from one side to another. However, sometimes it’s hard, especially in portrait mode, to see what’s waiting for you on the other side. The good news is that the tunnels offer a brief period of invincibility once you emerge: long enough that if a ghost is right outside the tunnel, you won’t die, but not long enough that you can abuse it with constant use.
Don’t go after coins. Coins will appear randomly throughout the maze, but they’re not worth seeking out. To begin with, they’re few and far between and award only one coin per pick-up. They also don’t contribute to your score at all. You’ll earn a lot more coins by completing objectives or watching video ads. There’s no reason to avoid a coin you’re about to pick up, but learn to ignore them otherwise. Also note that multipliers don’t apply to coins, so if you have a x4 strawberry active, you won’t earn 4 coins for picking one up.
Many of the later power-up unlocks are improved versions of earlier powers. Optics is a better version of Laser, Shatter is a better version of Freeze, Twinado improves on Tornado, etc. Because of this, you should probably wait to put a lot of coins into upgrades until you’ve unlocked later power-ups and decided which you prefer.
But still put a few rounds of upgrades in, even for early power-ups. You’ll want to extend their duration by a second or two, which makes every power-up immensely more useful.
For high scores, use ghost-killing power-ups. If your goal is a long chain of pellets, the best power-ups will be a bit different (see below). For the standard goal of getting the best score possible, disposing of ghosts is key. The preferred way is with power pellets, but your power-ups will be the next best thing.
The one exception to the above rule is Shatter: it doesn’t let you kill ghosts (only slows them), but the stalagmites you shatter award 150 points each and often appear in sets of 5-6. If you were able to reach 5 stalagmites with a melon multiplier active, that’s worth 4,500 points, which is a huge offering from a single power-up.
For ghost-killing power-ups, we prefer the ones you control directly and with unlimited ghost-killing potential. These are Laser/Optics and Giant, and to a lesser extent Bomb/Boom and Fire/Pyro. The problem with abilities like Tornado/Twinado and Trap are their unreliability: you don’t know where they’ll go or how many ghosts they’ll actually reach. We’ve seen Tornado turn and head straight into the Glitch, completely wasted. Pac-Men only kills a max of three ghosts, so we never select it.
The nice thing about Laser/Optics: they stretch across the entire screen, so even if there’s a ghost out of view — if it’s in a straight line from Pac-Man — you still hit it.
The nice thing about Bomb/Boom: if you don’t run into a ghost while it’s active, it will still detonate when the power meter runs out. This means you can choose to use it defensively as a shield and still get some points at the end of its run.
The nice thing about Giant: ghosts don’t react to it the way they do power pellets. This means they’ll still come after you, basically giving you easy kills. Be careful, though, as you don’t get an extra warning that Giant is about to wear off and need to watch the power meter carefully.
No matter what you pick, keep in mind for any power-up: given the choice between the power-up and a power pellet, choose the power pellet. Power pellets provide multipliers for each ghost killed. Power-ups do not: even if you ate 10 ghosts while Giant, you would only get the base points for each ghost. When you upgrade power-ups, that base point value will increase, but it’s never as good as a long multiplier run with a power pellet.
Aiming for a 256 chain requires a different playstyle. There are two Game Center leaderboards for Pac-Man 256. The first tracks overall high scores, the obvious goal of the game. The second tracks the number of times you’ve reached a pellet chain of 256. Getting a high pellet chain is easiest if you go into the run with that specific intention and plan ahead.
First, it’s often easier to play without power-ups for a high chain run. Power-ups’ placement on the board can be distracting and make it difficult to see gaps between pellets. If you want to use power-ups for a high chain run, we’d recommend defensive and avoidance ones like Stealth or Bomb. Freeze can also come in handy, but you run the risk of getting stuck behind a slow-moving ghost with it active.
Your biggest concern in a high chain run are those gaps between pellets. Often pellets will have a small space or even a few spaces between them naturally; hitting those empty spaces will reset your chain. Even a single pellet-sized gap will reset your chain. The one exception is if the gap exists on a corner: you can sometimes continue the chain by turning the corner extremely quickly.
Grab power pellets as protection, not as a score boost. On a high chain run, you’ll want to mostly avoid ghosts, but sometimes that won’t be possible. Pick up power pellets that are along your path but don’t seek out ghosts. Just use them as a way to ensure you can continue moving forward uncontested.
Always look ahead. Plan your path at least two moves in advance and be aware of where gaps and ghosts are. You won’t be able to backtrack on a high chain run without losing your chain, so being able to consistently move to a new location is key.
You can stop if need be. Although you can’t go backwards, you can stop moving and retain your chain. So if you hit a wall and need to wait for a ghost to pass, feel free. Pac-Man will retain the chain indefinitely while stopped and will pick it right back up as long as he continues eating pellets once you move on.
Finally, use the bottom of the maze to your advantage. Pac-Man spawns with a bit of maze underneath him that usually contains just pellets and one ghost. You can build up the start of your chain down here easily before the glitch catches up, usually reaching about 32 in a chain at least.
Should you go for 256 chains and a high score? Ideally, that would be the ultimate run, but it’s extremely tough to focus on both goals at the same time. Playing without worrying about chains allows you to backtrack, dodge ghosts, collect more fruit and power pellets, and build up a score with a more flexible plan of attack. We’ve found that although high pellet chains are nice, unless you can guarantee you’ll have a fruit active when you hit the big bonuses — 128 and 256 — they don’t award enough extra points to really incentivize going after them. This means for the standard, high score chase, don’t worry if you’re not getting high pellet chains. Aim for high ghost-eating chains and the score will follow. | 2019-04-19T13:32:07Z | https://www.gamezebo.com/2015/08/19/pac-man-256-tips-cheats-strategies/ |
Why should you consider adding landing page social proof?
Let’s start, perhaps, with this question: Are your visitors trapped in the conversion funnel?
Maybe they’re stuck on the fence and not motivated to make a move forward… and you’re looking for something to rekindle that fire.
If you’re in search for another way to spark your audience’s interest and nudge them through the conversion cycle, we’ve put together 22 effective ways for you to use landing page social proof.
There’s nothing like seeing for yourself proof of concept explained by real stats and customer data. Show off your previous successes to your visitors and share with them what you can do for them.
You can use case studies or test results to show proof of concept.
Case studies and test results are an effective way to demonstrate your company’s unique value proposition (UVP).
According to Content Marketing Institute, case studies are considered 70% effective vs ineffective among users, which is third on their list of effectiveness ratings.
Comments and quotes – Ask your clients and customers for commentary, feedback and quotes on their experience with your offer. Let real life storytelling do the work for you. The more specific story, the more value the testimonial can provide to your visitors.
Names – Using real names of real people can help you build credibility with your visitors. Represent ideal users currently in your client base so you can attract similar audiences.
Pictures – Stay away from fake stock photos and use real pictures of of real clients in your testimonials. This can help to bolster your testimonial claims and help you appear to be more real.
Company and role – By calling out your testimonial subject’s real job title and company, visitors can put into perspective how your offer realistically helps them in the field and actual workplace. If your offer isn’t B2B, try testing out a geographic location to give your testimonial more credibility.
We found that the variant that included the extra detail about the patient’s procedure had 18.7% more conversions. In this case, the additional info made the testimonial appear more realistic.
Tip: The more realistic and credible your testimonials, the more relatable they can be to your visitors, which means your benefits and claims are substantiated.
Reviews can take shape in the form of ratings, customer feedback or rankings. Different from testimonials, a review is quantitative feedback like a rating system or qualitative feedback from your customers that talks about the pros and cons of your product or service offering vs the storytelling experience angle.
The result? When we removed the start ratings, conversions dropped by 8.8%.
Reviews are a way for your visitors to gauge the quality of your offering and a way for them to make judgment on how good, bad or effective your offering is. This can be especially helpful if there’s competition out there for offering and visitors are comparison shopping.
Tip: Including good and bad reviews can actually help your credibility.
No one is perfect, so by appearing to be 100% blemish-free, you can come off as unrealistic.
Social media proof can have a powerful effect on your visitor’s psyche when they’re considering your offer. This can be a way to tap into the bandwagon effect.
You can use social media buttons with an automatic follower counter that shows off the number of shares your offer has won. Another option is to embed social media posts into your landing page, which can display social connections to your visitors.
These feeds can show in real time your fans interacting with your brand’s offer.
The variant that included the social media proof picked up 9% more conversions than the landing page without.
Caveat: Numbers that are too low to zero may do more damage than good, so test out your social proof volume before committing to display low social proof.
Depending on your industry, choose your icons, badges, seals and certs carefully. If tested out properly, trust icons can help to flash a sense of security to audiences without having to use too many words.
Here’s a test we ran for one of our clients where we tested inclusion and exclusion of customer logos on their landing page.
We found that by including logos of their clients, the conversion rate increased 32.6%.
Another way to expand on this is to include not only logos, but fuller mentions of where you’ve been featured in the media and elsewhere online to build even more credibility.
Depending on your industry various badges will be more effective than others, so of course, testing is the best way to find out what works best.
This one’s especially useful if you have a SaaS company or other offering that integrates with other tools.
Connecting your services to platforms that your visitors are already using can be super helpful to your visitors and ease any friction in the buying decision.
How do I incorporate your product into our current platforms?
Do I need an expensive developer to make the two platforms work together?
Will the new data transfer over to my current tool?
Will I still be able to use my current platform in the same way with the addition of your product?
By preemptively answering these questions, you can help your audiences understand the simplicity in using your product.
There’s a certain strength behind numbers and stats that can build credibility in a visitor’s mind.
When they see factual things like number of users or downloads, number of subscriber or purchase counts, this can help your visitors understand the scope of your product adoption.
As they’ve progressed through the years, their number of accounts has grown exponentially.
Tip: Use exact numbers instead of round numbers to appear even more believable.
Columbia University’s Malia Mason and her colleagues conducted a study that showed using exact numbers is more persuasive than rounded numbers. Exact figures provide a stronger sense of credibility when it comes to presenting or discussing data.
By changing the headline and mentioning company size by including exact numbers, their conversion rate increased by 22%.
By gathering as many stats backed by research as possible, you’ll be helping your credibility cause.
Give your visitors the chance to see how beneficial your offer is by proving it to them through hard numbers and let the research speak for itself.
Autopilot lists out research backed stats and their respective sources to quantify for their visitors how they can benefit from using their UVP.
Bonus Tip: Include research and stats show your visitors how much time vs money they will save, as a benefit of using your offer.
“Because time is less fungible, or less easily replaced, than money, losing time tends to be a more painful event for people, particularly when they think about how they are not able to make up for it.
Go beyond the testimonial quote and use personal stories from actual customers for potential users to relate to when considering landing page social proof.
Even if this extra content lengthens your landing page, it might be worth testing.
We currently live in a buyer’s market where buyers have the purchasing power and are the ones seeking out info.
We ran a landing page social proof test for one of our clients to see if storytelling would help boost conversions.
The result? By adding the storytelling social proof elements, conversions lifted by 19.8%.
No longer are the days of seller’s force feeding content and info to prospective buyers. Let a client’s first-hand story do all the selling for you.
Taking the angle of one person benefitting from an offer and then spinning it onto the perspective of the user is a way to use implied social proof.
For example, featuring a success story can nudge your audience to ask themselves how the same concept affects their life in the same way.
Nutrisystem features Melissa as a happy customer that successfully lost 51 lbs with their program. This implies that the audience can experience similar results and benefits.
Activity social proof is similar to using data (landing page social proof #7) to show your credibility, but specifically with numbers that show user volume and user activity.
By showing how your current customers and users are benefitting from your offer, the proof in activity can speak for itself.
Tip: Use timely data and feature current or new users that recently adopted your product or service.
Caveat: Be sure to test out your user numbers to make sure you’ve reached the appropriate threshold for your industry.
We tested out user social proof for Yump and created landing pages with and without number of users.
Is half a million users enough social proof for your industry?
Surprisingly, Variant B, without the quantified users, earned 3% more conversions. Perhaps a quantity of 597,550 users wasn’t enough social proof to convince visitors to convert as well.
This one might be worth trying again, once the user base reaches a greater activity level.
You can use authority endorsements and industry experts to vouch for your offer. The concept of course is, if industry leaders are trusting the benefits of your offer then your audience certainly can, too.
It’s like having a doctor recommended product. The person with supposedly more knowledge should know what’s best, right?
A study done by Yale University conducted two national surveys to gather information on the public’s opinion of doctors vs other influential groups. Their research found that doctors are perceived to be more trustworthy because of their education and level of effort dedicated to caring for their patients, giving them an authoritative influence in the medical industry.
Caveat: Be realistic in the way you present the endorsement and don’t overdo it by exaggerating.
Like most things endorsement, test out the various options before committing to one format of expert social proof. You’ll want to make sure the authority figure representing you is relatable to your audience and builds vs detracts from trustworthiness.
Another option is to use influencer endorsements and celebrities if you have the budget. This taps into your audience’s sense of emotional attachment to celebrities and their attraction to influencers just like them.
The first variant with the celebrity video and logos earned 66.3% more conversions.
Nike’s celebrity social proof was also timely. On their landing page, they were able to congratulate the tennis all-star on her 23rd major title win.
Caveat: Pick an influencer or celebrity that your audience can relate to.
Sometimes if you shoot too high and choose someone too rich and famous it could have an adverse affect on your credibility. Your audience may either write off the endorsement as too good to be true or not relate to your endorser since they lead such separate lives.
This concept taps into fear of missing out (FOMO) and the herding effect. The idea is to lure in your visitors by showing them the crowds are using your offer.
People tend to go where the crowds go.
They even included a timeline of their progress in reaching the milestone, which can make current users feel like they’re a part of the journey and potentially refer users to InVision.
By including the timeliness of the growth, you can potentially create a sense of FOMO in your audience. Make them not want to miss out on what the crowd is benefiting from.
There’s nothing quite like a recommendation from a friend. One of the most effective and least costly ways to reach your target audience is through influencers that are similar to your visitors.
If your current client base can be advocates for your offer, you’ll likely have the referral game made. Like-minded people will trust each other’s endorsements especially since their lives should align.
The idea is if your UVP is working for your friend, it should be able to work for you, too.
Of course, it can be a challenge to include social proof of your clients’ actual friends on your landing pages. The next best thing is to include familiar faces from the industry or real users that are just like your ideal audience.
With over 100,000 real quotes, there’s bound to be someone in that list of quotes that most all targeted visitors can relate to.
Wisdom of friends social proof can be an effective way to reach more ideal clients just like your current customer base.
Something as simple as including a physical address of your business, phone number or other contact info can help to build credibility for your business.
This concept is based on the idea that people are naturally drawn to things that appear to be more local and relevant to their lives.
They found that 54% of their audience converted when there was a phone number.
Variant B with the 415 local area code lifted conversions by 40%.
Even if it’s a non-local offer that you service, having a physical location makes you appear more real and human over an anonymous mystery business.
When sharing your social media stats on your landing page, beware of sharing numbers that are too low. Being unpopular could come across as negative social proof.
You may find that it’s better to have no proof than low social proof.
The variant without the number of social proof surprisingly scored 38% more conversions.
If this is the case, then wait until you grow a decent following to test out displaying your social media stats again.
Testimonials and endorsements that are unrealistic can come off as irrelevant and easily dismissable by your visitors.
It’s like that guy who still thinks name dropping is an effective tactic.
Similar to having low social proof, having weak testimonials can also have an adverse effect on your landing page conversions and you may be better off with no testimonial proof vs a weak testimonial.
When asking your fans and customers for testimonials ask them to be specific in describing their experiences using your offer. The more realistic the storytelling the more beneficial your UVP can come off.
Apparently, the testimonial was a weak testimonial and visitors preferred the variant without the testimonial by 5%.
There could be a number of reasons why the testimonial is weak.
The readability could be low without breaking up the paragraph visually.
Maybe the conversion rate would’ve been higher if there were more than one testimonials to make it appear more realistic.
Whatever the reason is for the lower conversion rate, this shows the significance to A/B testing before fully committing to a landing page variant.
There are already several landing page friction points that could potentially slow your visitors down from converting. The last thing you wanna do is add to the friction by providing your audience with anxiety from your social proof.
Be credible – Don’t exaggerate with your social proof or pick a testimonial from someone your audience can’t connect with.
Be relevant – By being credible, you’ll like be more relevant. Other things you can do increase relevancy are to appear local (or at least provide your contact info so you can appear real) and tap into your visitor’s perspective by featuring social proof from like-minded people.
Be visually attractive – Whether you use smiling familiar faces on your hero shots or detailed image shots of your product or service being used, be sure to use clean straightforward images and design. Keep the overall design and layout of your landing page and social proof visually clean and appealing.
Enumerate – Categorizing your content into digestible smaller chunks of info can help you audience better understand your landing page. Using itemized lists as a format can help your visitors easily soak up info related to your offer.
Be specific – The more personal and specific the details are in your social proof, the more believable the story.
Be clean – Use your white space concepts and try to aim for a 1:1 attention ratio. That means clearing out clutter and excluding any extraneous links. When displaying your social proof, test out different locations and design formats on your landing page so you keep your visitors focused on your CTA.
Be legible – Readability is a basic user experience level that you’ll want to conquer first and foremost. When it comes to social proof and testimonials, you’ll want to have your info be super easy to ingest. Keep the fonts, images, content and blurbs legible and neatly designed.
If you’re using a hero shot with an endorser or showing off one of your users benefitting from your offer, try using gazing as a tactic.
A way to do this is to have the subject in your hero shot focus on your CTA, whether that be their eyes looking toward your CTA or entire body facing or pointing to your offer.
Use a familiar face – Whether it’s a celebrity endorser or an ideal client that resembles that of your target audience, a smiling hero shot could potentially help boost your landing page cred. Caveat: a familiar face does not mean feature an overused stock photo. This could not only help you lose credibility but it could also put you in a lost crowd.
Make it big – A prominent photo of your hero shot can help you get your offer message across without even having to use words.
Add directional cues – Arrows can have the same effect as gazing, where you subtly or obviously guide your visitors to your CTA button.
Don’t confuse – This goes back to keeping your visitors focused on the one landing page goal. Keep the gazing and directional cues aimed at one direction toward your CTA. Don’t have conflicting content, imagery or info that’ll confuse your audience or make them second guess your CTA offer.
Broken Record: Always be testing.
The result? The second version with directional cues that focused on the CTA and form decreased bounce rates by 27% and 36% more visitors completed the form submission.
The results were surprising and revealed that SparkHire’s visitors preferred the hero shot with the eyes gazing away the CTA form, which won 61% more conversion.
This goes without saying, but constantly testing various elements on your landing page can make a difference. When it comes to testimonials, there are likely to be results that will surprise you.
There are many different types of social proof, some that might be worth testing over testimonials. For example, our research found that high-profile client logos are likely the most effective type of social proof as they balance high recall with low cognitive load.
If you don’t have high-profile client logos or you’re just committed to testing testimonials, there are a few things to consider.
According to our eye-tracking study, testimonials hold attention the longest, especially when they’re accompanied by photos. So, if you have glowing testimonials from well-known authorities in your space, use them as a selling tool. However, remember that even mediocre testimonials draw and hold attention well, so carefully consider the quality and persuasiveness of your testimonials before using them. They could absolutely backfire and have a negative effect.
According to our viewer recall rate study, testimonials with photos are among the top three most memorable types of social proof. Coupled with what we learned during the eye-tracking study, it’s safe to say that your testimonials should always have photos. It might even be worth testing a reduction in copy per photo.
Now it’s your turn… which landing page social proof tactics gave you surprising results?
Cheers to your landing page social proof testing ? | 2019-04-20T03:23:21Z | https://klientboost.com/cro/landing-page-social-proof/ |
I know you believe that the Bible you hold in your hand is the Word of God. I know you have that confidence. And there’s a reason you have that confidence, and it’s not because of me, although I am the one that the Lord has brought to teach you.
And there are many other elders and teachers who have also influenced you. But there is an even more significant reason why you believe the Bible than any human ministry, and that reason is because when the Lord saved you, when the Lord saved you, when you were regenerated. When you were born again, when you were delivered from erred truth and darkness to light, you were given confidence in the Word of God as a heavenly gift. When the Holy Spirit came to dwell in your heart, He not only shed love abroad – love, joy, peace, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, self-control. He not only deposited within you all heavenly blessings, all spiritual blessings in the heavenlies, He not only granted you all that pertains to life and godliness, but He gave you confidence in the Word of God.
You believe the Bible for the same reason that you believe the gospel. You believe the Bible for the same reason that you put your faith in Jesus Christ because God did a sovereign miracle in your mind and in your heart, and you were drawn to the truth, and you were enabled to believe, and you put your trust not only in the person of Christ, but the gospel of Christ and the source of that gospel, the living Word of God. In that sense, you don’t need me to convince you by some mechanisms of the veracity of Scripture. You have that confidence in your heart.
That is to say we understand everything that God has delivered and prepared for those that love Him. We understand the Scripture. We understand the gospel. We understand Christ. The reason we understand that is not because we’re wiser than anybody else, but by the power of God working in us, awakening our dead hearts, opening our blind eyes.
We’re very different. He ends that chapter by saying this: “We have the mind of Christ.” We think the way Christ thinks.
How can that happen? That is a divine miracle. From the day that you were regenerated and born again, you were given by the Holy Spirit a confidence in the Word of God. That confidence has grown, and flourished, and developed, and become stronger and richer, as you have exposed your mind and your heart to the teaching of the Word of God. It was there to start with, but it has flourished, and it flourishes in an environment where the Word of God dominates your life.
I go back in my own life to a time when I was a very young boy and I was not very intellectual. I was much more athletic than I was intellectual by far. But from the day that the Lord awakened my dead heart and gave me life in Christ, I had a clear conviction that the Bible was true, that the Bible was true.
In the long years since then of studying the Word of God, that clear conviction is a stronger conviction than it has ever been. The Word of God has stood every possible test of scrutiny that I could apply to it at the level of every word, and every verse, and every line; year, after year, after year, after year; book after book; commentary after commentary; all through the study of the study Bible and writing all the notes. It has merely been an affirmation of what the Spirit of God gave me, a conviction about the truthfulness of the Word of God that has stood every test.
I’ve read the Bible consistently. I’ve read the critics who attacked the Bible. I’ve read everything the cults have to throw at the Bible. Nothing had diminished my confidence in Scripture. Everything I have done in my life from the time that I first awakened to the truth, everything in my life has been directed at understanding the Bible. And I can honestly say to you that all the years of studying, the Bible has not been so much to preach as to know. It meets a hunger in my heart. I’m thankful that I’ve been able to preach it, and share it, and proclaim it. That’s a great blessing and great joy to me.
But what drives me is my love for the truth, my trust in the truth. No critics have been able to topple that trust. No cults have been able to topple that trust: No attacks on Scriptures; no calling things into question; no debates that I’ve have with people in private, in public, in the media. Nothing has been able to diminish my confidence in the Word of God.
And when somebody says to me, “Well, I don’t believe the Bible,” my sort of initial reaction is to say, “Wow, you must have studied it for decades to come to that conclusion. You must have literally poured over every aspect of Scripture. You must have chased down every truth and compared scripture with scripture to come to such a massive conclusion against the grain of what millions of people believe.” And you watch people go, “Well, not really.” “Oh, you just don’t believe it ignorantly.” There’s no virtue in that.
When it comes to discerning the truth of God, popular opinion plays no role, critical theory plays no role, human insight plays no role, human experience plays no role, pseudo-scholarship plays no role. Even tradition in and of itself plays no role. All I want to know is, “What does the Bible say?” and the meaning of the Scripture is the Scripture. You can have a Bible, but if you don’t know the meaning, you don’t have the message. The revelation has to be understood accurately.
You have the mind of Christ. You can think the way God thinks; you can think the way Christ thinks. The more I study the Bible, the more unshakable is the conviction that it is the living, inerrant, authoritative Word of God. We could never know God if He didn’t speak.
John even goes so far as to say, “Christ is the light that lights every man that comes into the world.” There’s a path to God through reason and through morality, through human judgment. Through common sense thinking, there’s a path back to God.
Atheists are the fools the Bible says. You have to be a fool to believe this came from nothing. That is the most foolish concept in existence. Why is anybody an atheist? Not because of any intellectual reason. That’s intellectual suicide. Why is anybody an atheist? Because they don’t want a judge. They don’t want a lawgiver. They don’t want anyone out there to whom they are responsible to live morally and who would make them face consequences if they don’t.
There’s no such thing as an intellectual atheist, there are only immoral atheists who want to get God out of their world so they can live any way they like. So we can know enough about God humanly to know something of His power, something of His massive nature. And by the way, the longer people are on earth and the more we advance scientifically, the bigger God becomes.
You go back a few hundred years and they were still counting the stars, and somebody decided there were 1,024. There aren’t. They’re countless; incalculable. So the longer man lives and the more scientifically advanced he becomes, the more it becomes clearer that God is far bigger than anything we can even imagine. And He’s powerful; and He’s characterized by design, and order, and consistency.
And He’s also moral; and we understand love and hate, and justice and injustice, and right and wrong. But that’s only enough to condemn us; Romans 1, “So that we are without excuse; without excuse.” If we want enough to save us, not just condemn us, we need this book. We have to have this book.
Paul said to the philosophers of Mars Hill, “You know enough to know that you live and move in the realm of God. You don’t know who that is. He is the Creator of everything. But what you need to know is that God is now commanding all of you to repent and turn in faith to the One whom He has raised from the dead. Your only hope is not in some broad knowledge that God exists, some broad knowledge of His nature and His morality. Your only hope of escaping judgment is a specific knowledge about His Son, and His death and resurrection, and the gospel.” For that, you have to have Scripture; you have to have Scripture.
Psalm 19 talks about, “The heavens declare the glory of God; the firmament shows His handiwork.” And the psalmist goes on to talk about how night and day demonstrate essentially what Romans 1 and Acts 17 are saying: “God is there. He’s a great Creator.” And then he turns in the middle of that Psalm – we’re going to look at that Psalm the Sunday before Shepherds’ Conference – and he says, “The law of the Lord; the law of the Lord,” and he turns from creation, general revelation, to specific revelation in the law of the Lord. The law of the Lord is the Scripture, 66 books, promising and proclaiming the one who is to come who comes in the New Testament, and His story is complete.
There’s no other salvation, no other way of salvation. People cannot get to heaven without Scripture, without the Bible. So understand this: Satan’s greatest attack in history from the beginning has been on Scripture, on God’s Word, God’s revelation, even though Old Testament writers claim that what they wrote was the very word of God, and they make that claim over 3,800 times in the Old Testament. Even though New Testament writers quote the Old Testament as God’s Word over 300 times and refer to the Old Testament 1,000 times; even though New Testament writers claim that they are writing the Word of God; even though Jesus claimed that both the old and the new were Scripture, Satan continues to blast away at the Bible. This is an old, old effort on his part.
Let’s go back to see where it all began back in the third chapter of Genesis; the third chapter of Genesis. This is essentially the issue that crashed the human race. Adam and Eve, of course, have fellowship with God. They have been created in the Paradise of God. Chapter 2 ends that they were man and wife, and naked and not ashamed. God had placed them in a perfect setting and they even communed with God in the cool of the day.
Satan’s strategy here is progressively very deceptive. It appears initially as sort of an innocuous question: “Indeed, has God said, has Elohim said”? That’s the first question in the Bible; the first question in the history of the human race; the first question ever. There has never been a dilemma; there’s never been a query; there’s never been confusion; there’s never been a question. And the question is designed to start Eve on the path to doubting the Word of God. This is the essence of Satan’s enterprise.
It could be translated another way. He said to the woman, “So God has said, has He?” But that’s not innocuous. For the first time, the most deadly spiritual force has covertly been smuggled into the world. And what is that deadly force? The assumption that what God has said is subject to human judgment.
Press the issue of prohibition. Make the woman feel like God is needlessly putting restrictions on her. This is a setup for the main assault. “You have a right to sit in judgment on God’s Word because God’s Word contains unnecessary prohibitions. God is cramping your freedom.” That’s the implication.
“God’s Word can be, should be questioned. It should be judged because it appears to be restrictive, doesn’t it? It appears to be narrow; it appears to be limiting. And if that’s the case, then something’s wrong with God. Something’s really wrong if He wants to restrain your free will, your pleasure, your joy, your satisfaction, your fulfillment. Is God wanting to take away your free choices? Is God wanting to put limits on you and remove rights? Why would He do that? Is He uncaring; is he cruel? Can you really trust Him?” Subtly, Satan suggests that he is more devoted to Eve’s freedom than God is, okay.
Are you hearing contemporary views of the Bible in this whole discussion? I mean this is how people come to the Scripture today. “What kind of God would be against all these things that we freely want to do?” So Satan has set in her mind the idea that the one prohibition is evidence of some kind of divine character flaw, casting suspicion on God’s goodness. And if there’s any suspicion about God’s goodness, if God for some strange reason wants to limit your freedom, there must be a flaw in His character and you ought to find that flaw. Not quite ready to cave in yet.
Eve responds weakly in verse 2: “The woman said to the serpent, ‘From the fruit of the trees in the Garden we may eat.’” Oh, now she’s hooked. She should have defended God. She knew God. She knew God was true, and pure, and good, and righteous. She knew the perfections of God that had been revealed to her sinless mind. She had a clear command. If nothing else, she should have been suspicious of a talking snake.
So she says, “From the fruit of the trees of the Garden we may eat. But from the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of the Garden, God has said, ‘You shall not eat from it or touch it, or you will die.’” God didn’t say that. God didn’t say you can’t touch it. That’s not back in verse 16 or 17.
Instead of an emphatic defense of the character of God, the goodness of God, her reply is a partial answer to Satan. And here is the entrance of sin. As soon as one does not completely and wholeheartedly and unreservedly trust in the Word of God as true and the source of our highest good, sin has a foothold in the human heart. And then she adds, “Or touch it.” And that means she is now showing personal distain for the prohibition and she’s adding to it.
The process is very effective. She accepts the unnecessary restriction as a fact and embellishes it. Now she’s bought into this unnecessary restriction. God’s Word now has been judged by her unacceptable.
“The serpent said to the woman,” in verse 4, “You surely will not die. God’s a liar. You won’t die. God lies.” She opened the door to that by believing for a moment that God was unnecessarily restrictive, and therefore not good, crowding her life and choices, freedoms. God is unnecessarily restrictive because of some flaw in His character.
Well, verse 5, Satan says, “God knows that in the day you eat from it, your eyes will be open and you’ll be like God knowing good and evil.” This is just unbelievable. How can you move so fast? How could Satan move her mind this fast?
“He lies,” God does, “He lies to you. He tell you you’re going to die when you’re not. He tries to restrict your freedoms when He has no legitimate reason for doing it. And the reason He lies is because He knows that if you eat that you’re going to be like Him and He hates rivals. God is selfish, self-centered, proud. The truth is do what you want. Eat that fruit and you’ll be like God. You’ll be as free as God, as unrestricted as God.” So the father of lies brought down the entire human race on the premise that God’s Word could not be trusted as revealed – tampered with, added to, and then called an outright lie.
If you follow the Scripture from there, it is the revelation of the history of Satan’s constant attacks on the Word of God through an endless array of false prophets, false teachers, liars, false apostles, deceivers, all the way from Genesis to the end of the book of Revelation. The attack has always been there. The battle for biblical truth is always raged. The battle for the Bible has gone on through the whole of human history.
In spite of everything done to defend the truth of Scripture, to defend the character of God as revealed in Scripture, we have to fight the battle over again. It’s fought, and it’s fought, and it’s fought, and it’s fought every generation. Every believer, all of us in our relationships with unbelievers, find ourselves fighting for the integrity, authority, inerrancy, inspiration, and truthfulness of Scripture.
Where do the attacks come from? Well, they come from Satan who is a liar and a murderer. The truth of the matter was she did die. Adam did die. The whole human race was cursed with death. It was so much worse than she would ever have imagined.
Any of us who are in ministry find ourselves on the one hand teaching the Word of God like we do to you, and on the backside of our lives we fight for the truth in just about every imaginable setting. Attacks against the Bible come from critics who call themselves scholars who attack the veracity of Scripture. They come from cults who twist and pervert Scripture and supersede Scripture with other books authored by men and devils. Attacks on the Bible come from charismatics who equate their visions, dreams, experiences with the Bible.
Attacks come from cultural compromisers who think that we don’t need to pay attention to the Bible; we need to pay attention to the culture if we’re going to win them. And in a post-modern world, people don’t like absolute truth. And in a post-modern world, we need to be pragmatic and give them what they want; hence, we’re watching, for example, the evangelical church cave in to homosexual marriage. There are well-established churches with familiar names that you know that now have homosexual couples on their church staff.
The Bible is attacked not only by the critics, the cults, the charismatic, the culture of compromisers, it’s attacked by the capricious, the flippant. Many preachers, and certainly lots of people who just go across the surface of the Bible, popping across the surface, sucking up whatever appeals to them and turning it into some little sermonette for Christianettes, and never bury themselves in the depth and richness and continuity of this divine book. There are even carnal attacks on the Bible where men’s will trumps God.
One of the latest attacks on the Bible – and we’ve dealt with many of them – was on its sufficiency. I wrote a book some years ago called Our Sufficiency in Christ because the sufficiency of the Bible was under attack by psychologists. And then there came the sort of emerging movement, which is still around in some forms, and it attacks the Bible by saying the Bible is ambiguous. There was so much written on this that we can’t really understand the Bible; we can’t know what it means; it’s beyond us.
If you don’t think they were serious about that, then ask why they murdered William Tyndale. What did William Tyndale do; what was his crime? He translated the Bible into English so people could read it, and the whole system saw it as a threat.
The church alone was to interpret the Scripture. The church alone was its legitimate interpreter. In evangelicalism, no one would say that. They would say, “Well, we can’t know what it means, so let’s not take it too seriously since it’s an old book. We don’t really know what it means.” That’s the new spirituality. We kind of feel what it means, kind of have an intuitive sense of what it means, but we don’t really know what it means.
The Roman Catholic church said that the Bible is unclear, impossible to interpret; absolutely impossible. And on the 40th anniversary of Vatican II in honor of Verbum Dei, a group of Catholic leaders issuing an edict saying that not all of the Bible is true. Oh.
They’ll tell us, by the way, which is. And I would remind you that when you take the truth out of a system, you put in symbols; and the more symbols, the less truth. Symbols are effective and useful only in direct proportion to the obscurity of doctrine. You come in here you don’t see symbols, you get sound doctrine. Where there’s no sound doctrine, you need symbols. People need to wear funny clothes and wave things, parade around.
There’s a lot of evangelicals who think the doctrine is divisive, doctrine is arrogant saying you know what you believe is a kind of intolerance. One man that I used to preach with when I was young said, “Certitude is idolatrous. I’ve given up certitude.” Really? “If there’s a foundation in Christian theology, he writes, “it’s not found in Scripture. Theology must be a humble, human attempt to hear God, never about rational approaches to texts.” What? Whatever that means.
Another writer says, “Clarity is overrated. Shock and ambiguity often stimulate more than clarity.” Shock and ambiguity? Another writer: “The gospel is not a matter of certainties.” Another writer: “I’m too humble to say I know what the Bible means by what it says.” This gives some measure of license to people who wouldn’t say that, but they feel they can play with the Scripture in a cavalier way.
As I was saying a minute ago, “Not penetrate its context down deep into the Scripture.” Scripture is not ambiguous. “These things I write unto you that your joy may be full. These things I have written to you who believe in the name of the Son of God that you may know that you have eternal life.” This is revelation, not obfuscation.
And by the way, the sinner is responsible for Scripture. The ignorance, the blindness of sinners dead in their trespasses is not compounded by God giving an obscure revelation. This is not allegory, this is not myth, this is not Kabbalah, this is not Gnosticism, this isn’t mysticism. You say, “Well, why would people even come up with that?” Because they don’t like what it says.
Back to John 7:7, “The world hates me because I testify that its deeds are evil.” The people that reject the Bible reject the Bible because they don’t like what it says about their sin. Scripture is plain. Scripture is clear. Scripture is lucid. In fact, even to come into the kingdom you have to become like a what? Like a child.
The Old Testament Scripture was so clear that you remember in the book of Acts when we began how immediately after the coming of the Holy Spirit, even before the Holy Spirit came after the resurrection, after the Road to Emmaus, all the apostles understood the Old Testament when Jesus explained it to them. Certainly, the Old Testament Scripture is made clear by the New Testament; that’s what makes it clear. But it is clear now that we have the New Testament.
We went through that, didn’t we, in our series Finding Christ in the Old Testament? You can’t find Him there unless you know what He looks like. So you start in the New Testament. You get a perfect picture of Jesus Christ. Take that perfect picture into the Old Testament and you’ll find Him everywhere He appears. And by the way, most of the New Testament epistles were not written to church leaders, they were written to congregations, and congregations of people who were baby Christians.
First Corinthians 1:2, “To the church of God at Corinth.” Galatians 1:2, “To the churches of Galatia.” Philippians 1:1, “To all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi.” Paul assumes they’re going to understand the New Testament, and these are Gentiles. And he even throws in quotes after quotes of the Old Testament. He writes the book of Romans loaded with quotes from the Old Testament and illustrations from the life of Abraham.
Colossians: “The instruction is when this letter has been read among you, have it read also in the church of the Laodiceans and see that you read also the letter from Laodicea.” All those letters passed to Gentile congregations and they understood, and they understood not only what they were reading which was New Testament, but what was drawn out of the Old Testament. Paul even says, “The things that happened in the Old Testament happened as examples unto us on whom the end of the age has come.” Gentile Christians, with no Old Testament background, could understand both the new and the old. These attacks fall to the ground. None are successful. They can all be withstood.
I wanted to begin tonight with just kind of surveying that for you a little bit. Then I want to turn – and I’ll do that now for a few minutes – to the affirmation side of this. God has sworn in the Bible that He has spoken the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. The Bible alone is the true Word of God. All other – listen – all other supposed revelations, all other supposed revelations from God, I don’t care what they are, from the Quran, to the writings of the cult leaders, to the false prophets, the religious gurus, frauds, are not the Word of God.
There’s only one book. God has spoken in one book, the Bible. Does that sound simple enough? Just one book. Sixty-six books make up one book. If it isn’t from one of those sixty-six books, it is not the Word of God. There may be things in other books that are right and accurate representations of the Word of God, or commentary on the Word of God, or reiteration of the Word of God. But only this book is the Word of God, and only what agrees with this book is then in agreement with the Word of God. God wrote one book, two sections, with over 40 writers put together in a period of about 1,500 years; and the Holy Spirit protected it, brought it all together into this one book called the Bible. It is the sole divine authority from God. In it, God has spoken and said everything He intends to say.
It is then the singular duty and responsibility of man to hear what is said in this book. Yes, he can know there is God because his reason tells him that when he looks at creation. He can know that God is a moral God, that God has a sense of right and wrong because that’s in his own heart, the law written in his heart. He has a conscience that accuses or excuses him. God is not far from him, but He’s too far for salvation, He’s just not too far for judgment. If you are a Christian you believe the Bible unless someone has tampered with that in a destructive fashion; and there are many who do that.
In John 8:47 we read this: “He who is of God hears the words of God. He who is of God hears the words of God. For this reason, you do not hear them,” Jesus says to the Jewish leaders. “For this reason, you do not hear them because you’re not of God.” If you’re not a believer in God, if you don’t belong to God, of course you don’t hear Scripture. The natural man understands not these things. They’re foolishness to him. But if you’re of God, you hear the words of God.
That’s why I started the way I started tonight to just start what we have to start with a presuppositional confidence in the Bible. And what is our precept position? That it is true; that it is true. I didn’t come to believe in the truth of the Bible because of my intellect, because I studied evidentialism, because I studied rational things. Those things support the Bible. I believe what I believe about the Bible because there is a massive presuppositional reality, and that is God has awakened my blind eyes and given life to my dead heart.
You know, one of the interesting things today is I see efforts to eliminate heresy, and you say, “Wow, that’s great.” Yeah, there are lots of efforts to eliminate heresy, to eliminate doctrinal error, to eliminate wrong interpretations. And by the way, I go back again: The meaning of the Scripture is the Scripture; and if you don’t get the meaning right, you don’t have the revelation.
But there are a lot of efforts to eliminate heresy. And there’s been some success in eliminating heresy. But the strange twist is this: The contemporary effort to eliminate heresy is not to eliminate it by overpowering it by the truth, but rather to eliminate the idea of heresy as if it didn’t exist, as if you could believe anything you wanted, as if you could make any verse mean what you wanted it to mean. In a post-modern world that hates absolute truth in a pragmatic orientation in so many churches that doesn’t want to offend anybody, we’ve got to get rid of the things that offend. So essentially we eliminate heresy by eliminating truth, and if there’s no absolute truth that there can’t be any deviation.
Turn on your Christian TV and listen to the drivel that comes across there where people interpret Scripture any way they want. There’s a movement to eradicate heresy and truth at the same time. It’s really tragic. So all of this is part of the corruption that Satan sent into motion when he first caused Eve to think she had a right to question what God said. And whether the Bible is attacked by rationalism, liberalism, pluralism, mysticism, pragmatism, inclusivism, political correctness, tolerance or any other thing, the Bible is still true. It is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. That is what it claims. Let me close by giving you some of its claims.
Psalm 111:7, “All His precepts are sure.” Romans 7:12, “God’s Word is holy, righteous, and good.” And Jesus said in John 10:35, “Scripture cannot be broken.” That was a fascinating text.
Remember when we went through John 10 where Jesus takes one word out of an obscure psalm, the word “gods,” that one little word, and builds an argument for His deity on that one word in an obscure psalm? And He reaches back, pulls that one little word out to defend His own deity, and then He says, “Scripture cannot be broken.” That is to say, “You can’t even go into that psalm and pull out one word.” What is the word “broken” in the Greek? It’s lu which means “released” or “loosed” or “dismissed.” You can’t dismiss a word.
I talked to the seminary guys on Tuesday about Jesus’ statement to the Sadducees when they were arguing about the resurrection, and he quoted from Exodus 3 and he said this: “I am the God of Abraham, I am the God of Isaac. I am the God of Jacob.” And Jesus said He is not the God of the dead, He is the God of the living.
What is that about? All three of them were already dead when in Exodus 3 God said that. He was saying, “I am the God of Abraham; I am the God of Isaac; I am the God of Jacob,” which means, “I am their God and they worship Me,” which means they’re alive, which was proving the resurrection to the Sadducees who didn’t believe in a resurrection from the tense of the verb. He didn’t say, “I was the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob,” but, “I am.” Whether you’re talking about one word “gods” in a psalm that’s obscure or one tense in Exodus, Scripture can’t be broken. It cannot be broken.
In total, that’s what we call it, “infallible; without error.” And then go down to the parts: “It is inerrant in every word.” Every word is true. Every word is free from error, falsehood, mistake, inaccuracy. Every word safeguards the truth. The Bible is nothing but the truth.
To make sure we don’t overlook the importance of God’s truthfulness, three times the Scripture says, “God cannot lie,” Numbers, Titus, and Hebrews. Jesus said in the Sermon on the Mount, Matthew 5, “Do not think that I am come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I haven’t come to abolish them but to fulfill them. I tell the truth: Until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen will by any means disappear from the law until everything is accomplished.” Talk about a jot and a tittle which is like crossing a T and dotting an I; not even those things can be tampered with. It is true.
The New Testament writers believed the Old Testament was true and they called it Scripture over and over again. I’m not going to take time to go through all of that.
Paul calls Moses’ writings – in 1 Timothy 5 he calls Moses’ writings Scripture, and then he calls Luke’s gospel Scripture. He quotes the Scripture, one from Deuteronomy and one from Luke. In 2 Peter 3, Peter calls Paul’s writings Scripture. In Jude 17 and 18, Jude calls Peter’s writing Scripture. John calls his writings Scripture: “To the letters to the churches, hear what the Spirit says to the churches.” And to the very end of the book of Revelation, John is still declaring that what he is writing is absolutely Scripture.
The apostle Paul says that what the gospel writers wrote was Scripture. Peter says what Paul wrote was Scripture. Jude says what Peter wrote was Scripture. John says what he wrote is Scripture. This is the internal testimony.
I want to close with one final perspective. What did Jesus think about it? Jesus said, John 10:35, “Scripture can’t be broken.” You can’t pull one word out. You can’t loosen one word. As I just told you, you used a word from an obscure psalm and a tense of a verb from Exodus; one, to prove His deity; two, to prove the resurrection.
In Matthew 26:24, He looked at His cross and said, “The Son of Man goes as it is written of Him.” And a few verses later, He told Peter He didn’t need the protection of his sword, for if He wished, He could call down thousands of angels for assistance.
“But how then,” He said, Matthew 26:54, “would Scripture be fulfilled?” His view of Scripture was that it was all about Him and He had to fulfill every detail. He saw Judas prophesied in the Old Testament. When He was on the cross, “My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?” was the fulfillment of the Old Testament.
In Matthew 27, we see Him on the cross, and that’s where He says, “My God, my God, why have You forsaken Me?” He takes it out of Psalm 22. John 19 has Him say, “I thirst.” That also comes out of Psalm 22.
Jesus believed in every word of the Old Testament. He corroborated the great truths of the Old Testament. He corroborated the creation of Adam and Eve. He corroborated the story of Jonah.
He said in Matthew 19:4, “Have you not read that He which made them at the beginning made them male and female and said, ‘For this cause shall a man leave father and mother and cleave to his wife, and they two shall be one flesh.’” Jesus believed in Adam and Eve; He believed in the Genesis creation account.
So choose one to sum up the testimony of Jesus. We have to accept one of three possibilities. First is, there are no errors in the Scripture as Jesus taught; or second, there are errors, but He didn’t know about them; or third, there are errors and He did know about them, but He lied.
You’ve only got one option: There are no errors. If you believe in the deity of Christ, you must believe in the inspiration, infallibility, inerrancy of Scripture. And that’s enough for tonight. Let’s pray.
According to Psalm 138, verse 2, Lord, You have exalted Your Word equal to Your name. We come together to exalt You. We come together to worship You, and honor You, and lift You up. And we cannot do that faithfully without lifting up Your Word. And so we have endeavored to do that even tonight.
What can we say, Lord? Thank You. Thank You for saving us, giving us life, and giving us confidence in this Word, which confidence we had at the time of our salvation. And so we were driven to Scripture even though we knew so little; and the more we feast on its truths, the more our confidence is strengthened. Thank You that Your Word stands triumphantly through every test.
Thank You, Lord, for years and years and years of examination of this glorious, heavenly book: Yes, poured through human authors, but who were inspired by the Holy Spirit so that the message was superintended and guarded, and every word came from You. We thank You for the miracle of inspiration that brought the revelation to us. And then we thank You for the work of the Holy Spirit in illumination to help us understand it.
This is our greatest treasure, and in it we find our greatest pleasure, our greatest protection, our greatest reward. May we, as the psalmist said, meditate on it; meditate on it all the time. And as we read in Joshua, as the book of the law doesn’t depart from our minds and our lips, it will make our way prosperous, spiritually prosperous, and we will have a kind of supernatural success. Thank You for this treasure. We ask these things in the name of Christ. Amen. | 2019-04-23T16:43:19Z | https://www.gty.org/library/sermons-library/90-468/the-essentials-of-handling-gods-word-part-1 |
This pattern describes the provision of mixed facilities to incubate technology, creative and social enterprises in an urban environment.
The intention is to foster growth across the high-value sectors of a city economy in a way that maximises the potential for cross-sectoral interaction and innovation. Locating incubation facilities in a city centre rather than on an out-of-town campus encourages such cross-fertilisation between existing and new businesses. The city environment – its transport systems, retailers, businesses, residents and visitors – can also serve as a “living lab” in which to test new products and services.
Such incubation facilities are often operated through hybrid public/private models so that they are financially sustainable, but act so as to promote the success of enterprises which contribute to the host city’s strategic objectives – for example, promoting growth in key sectors of the economy or creating jobs or skills in specific areas or communities.
People: Primarily innovators. Citizens, employees and visitors play a secondary role as the potential consumers of new services created through innovation.
Hard infrastructures: Information and communications technology, spaces and buildings.
City-centre incubation facilities are often operated by “Special Purpose Vehicles” (SPVs) jointly owned by city institutions such as local authorities; universities; and organisations providing incubation services to businesses and social enterprises. Alternatively, some are established through collaborative business models such as Co-Operatives, Social Enterprises or Community Interest Companies. This enables them to offer the revenue-generating services that enable financial self-sufficiency; but also to focus on incubating those enterprises that contribute most significantly to the city’s overall strategic objectives, rather than simply generated the highest revenue income.
Some investment is often made in shared technology or services for use by tenant enterprises: for example, access to Cloud computing resources; collaboration tools; video conferencing services; 3D-printing or 3D-cutting facilities. Such services may be procured through the creation of partnerships with technology vendors or service providers who are seeking to build their own ecosystem of entrepreneurial business partners.
Long-term financial sustainability is dependent on the generation of commercial revenues from services offered to successfully operating businesses and social enterprises.
An active incubation programme depends on a complex ecosystem of relationships and capabilities, including: the generation of new entrepreneurial talent through the education system; the attraction of external entrepreneurs and businesses to re-locate; access to market insight and development capability, mentoring and finance; the provision of business support and growth services such as office space, computing capability, legal and financial advice; and access to business partners and market opportunities.
Unless they are of significant size and diversity, cities and regions will be most successful if they focus their business development capacity on the stimulation of growth in specific sectors that maximise the value of their existing regional economic, social, geographic and infrastructural capability.
Such focus may lead to some supporting capabilities, including technology, being common to many businesses in a locality. For example, 3D printing is an increasingly useful tool for prototyping manufactured objects; but the cost of highly capable 3D printers may be beyond the capability of individual small businesses to afford. Similarly a Cloud Computing platform dedicated to supporting small, entrepreneurial businesses may enable the cost of some technology capabilities to be shared by a regional cluster.
An economy of sustainable, profitable businesses is at the heart of the long term vitality of cities and the regions surrounding them. As economic growth in emerging markets combines with increasingly rapid advances in science and technology, maintaining such an economy requires constant innovation by businesses; and it is in the interests of cities to stimulate and support such innovation.
Michael Porter’s analysis of economic clusters shows that this innovation is created when businesses adopt new technology; or when they adopt existing technologies from outside their current market sector. Whereas many science parks have been based on or near to University campuses to enable access to new technology, an increasing number of more broadly focussed incubation facilities are based in city centres in order to facilitate cross-sectorial interaction and innovation. Some of these can additionally exploit their proximity to city-centre Universities.
City centre locations also provide the opportunity to create businesses with unique capabilities or value. New technologies that emerge from University-based science are often the result of a global research agenda; but innovations that are created through cross-sectorial interaction in a city economy are shaped by the specific characteristics of that economy, and of the city’s geography and demographics. They may thereby create unique products and services that it is harder to replicate elsewhere, providing a competitive advantage in the global economy.
Enable local organic economic growth and job creation through small and entrepreneurial businesses.
Enable local businesses to exchange ideas across sectors to maintain the value of existing products and services; and to create new ones.
Provide access to leading edge technology and market insight to local economic clusters through the attraction of technology and service providers seeking partnerships with clusters of entrepreneurial businesses.
Coordinate regional investment and incubation capacity in support of business growth in areas of strategic local importance.
Create an offer that is attractive to talented people and businesses to locate in a place.
There are very many factors that affect the success of initiatives intended to provide business incubation and stimulate economic growth, including the availability of affordable housing, the attractiveness of the urban environment and the availability of skills. Some of those factors are difficult to influence, and some take considerable time and investment to affect.
It is difficult to “pre-let” incubation capacity, so initial investments are usually speculative.
Rental revenues for incubation space provide relatively short term financial returns, but job creation, economic growth and other intended outcomes are long-term.
Genuinely constructive partnerships rely on effective engagement between city institutions, businesses and communities that can take time to achieve.
Collaborative working spaces exist in many cities to offer small businesses, entrepreneurs and mobile workers convenient, attractive, flexible and vibrant places to work. Whilst they are not always explicitly intended to incubate new businesses, or businesses in specific sectors, they clearly represent an incubation capacity; and most also invest in shared resources such as office space and digital connectivity.
Cutting edge examples also use technologies such as 3D-cutting to constantly re-fashion furniture and interior structures to adapt the shared space to changing requirements to support presentations, workshops, prototyping, conferences and events. Many collaborative working spaces attractive creative and media rather than technology businesses; but these sectors now overlap to such a significant extent that the distinction between them is increasingly slight.
Demos’ analysis of London’s Tech City: “A Tale of Tech City“.
When I am at my most productive as a computer programmer, I don’t write code; I sculpt virtual objects from it.
Any computer system exists to fulfill a purpose in the real world. To do so it recreates in code those aspects of the world that are relevant to its purpose. What transformed the creation of that model from the laborious, procedural task of writing instructions into the seamless creative flow that I liken to sculpting was Martin Fowler‘s conception of “refactoring”.
– (quoted from the Refactoring homepage).
Refactoring is at the heart of what we now know as the “Agile Development” of software. Agile approaches embrace the fact that when we start to create a new system, we don’t know exactly what the final result should be. Traditional approaches to software development attempted to address that challenge through the lengthy analysis of stakeholder requirements. In contrast, agile approaches address it by quickly presenting a first working solution to stakeholders for feedback, and asking them what should be changed. The final solution is co-created by developers and stakeholders through many iterations of that process.
Refactoring codified the tools and techniques for performing the adaptations to computer systems required by that evolutionary process whilst preserving their operability. With practise, a good programmer internalises those tools so that they are used almost unconsciously – just as any good artisan or artist creates their work through the expert application of technique.
We need similar tools and techniques to support the evolution of our cities in the 21st Century.
Those cities will exist in a world that is ever more changeable, and ever less certain. Geoffrey West’s analysis of city systems, for example, showed that as the cities of the world grow, the rate of social, technological and economic change within them will increase. At the same time, climate change is causing not just an increase in temperature, but an increase in the variability of temperature, and of other environmental conditions. That variability reduces the stability of supply of grain and other natural resources that underpin the systems that support life. In order to provide social stability in this context, cities need to be adaptable and resilient in the face of change and uncertainty.
But it is already the case that the urban, economic and social systems of cities can’t keep up with the rate of change we are experiencing today.
Take the ability of education to support the economy. Google’s Chairman Eric Schmidt criticised the British Education system recently for producing insufficient computer programming skills to meet the needs of businesses.
But our current need for those skills is based on the computing technologies that are broadly adopted by business today. By and large those technologies are at least five years behind the leading edge; consider that whilst the first generation Apple iPad was launched in 2010, most businesses do not yet routinely provide their employees with a touchscreen tablet for use as a business tool.
As the rate of change in science and technology increases, the skills required by business will also change more rapidly. Consequently, it will become even more challenging to design and operate an education system that prepares children for productive careers in an economy that evolves for at least a decade after their education begins.
We won’t design those education systems successfully by considering our current requirements for skills; or by attempting to predict the skills that will be required ten years from now. If we make such predictions, they will be wrong. Instead we need to equip the education system with refactoring tools that allow it to continually adapt to the changing needs of the present.
The same challenges apply to the strategic planning of physical infrastructure in cities. As cities pursue “Smarter City” strategies, and as their economies evolve to exploit new technologies, what are the impacts on power requirements? On the need to provide connectivity to residential, retail and business space? On the physical space required by retail and business as online commerce and mobile working continue to grow? And on the movement of people and goods as information marketplaces change the physical supply chains of industries?
The only thing we can be sure of is the need for flexibility: the city of the future will need to be more responsive and adaptable to change than the cities that we know today.
Techniques to provide flexibility in the physical environment are already emerging. Kelvin Campbell’s theory of Smart Urbanism encourages the use of a spatial grid, party walls and building shells as a substrate upon which the fine detail of a city can grow.
A high quality, detailed physical environment can first be constructed on such a substrate according to customisable “design patterns” such as town houses and mews studios; and then refactored through interventions such as the reconfiguration of internal walls; the conversion of lofts to living or working space; or straightforward extensions to the physical size of buildings. Recently developed technologies such as 3D printing and 3D cutting provide additional opportunities for the physical refactoring of buildings and cities that would have been unimaginable relatively recently.
In materials science, sophisticated materials such as semi-conductors and super-conductors grow when large numbers of individual atomic particles are attracted to appropriately designed substrates; and when those particles form clusters together which eventually grow and combine into continuous materials. The process by which those initial clusters form is nucleation.
By analogy, if we can design urban substrates which encourage the nucleation of small-scale, productive, sustainable social and economic activity; and the subsequent agglomeration of that activity into larger-scale systems; then we will have created an environment in which smarter 21st century cities can grow.
We need to evolve similar concepts to support the development of information infrastructures for smarter cities. Broadband, wi-fi and mobile communications provide the equivalent substrate to the grid-based spatial framework of a city; but what are the equivalents of the party wall, building shell, design pattern and nucleation?
“Open data“, for example, is clearly an important component of a Smarter City information infrastructure; but we do not yet fully understand how to exploit it sustainably. Doing so will likely involve structures such as city information partnerships; sustainable commercial models; standards for the interchange of data; models of the meaning of data; and planning and procurement policies that embed the openness and interoperability of data into the development process.
Finally, the same challenges appear in economic development.
Michael Porter’s theory of economic clusters states that in order to protect profit margins from commoditisation over time, businesses need to constantly adopt new capabilities into their products and services. As science and technology develop more rapidly, cities and regions will need to drive that process of innovation more intensively in order to remain competitive in the global economy.
This thinking is behind the technology innovation and business incubation partnership programme I’m putting together for IBM with Sunderland Software City, following our recent agreement to provide support for their new urban technology incubation campus at Tavistock Place.
Sunderland Software City- like Bristols’ Watershed media incubation centre and Birmingham’s Science Park Aston and Custard Factory – are exploring a form of urban technology incubation that is very different from that enabled by the more common out-of-town, campus-based science parks. They are not only concerned with supporting new businesses that exploit the latest developments in science and technology; but with doing so in a way that creates synergies between local businesses, and that contributes to the economic and industrial strategy of the cities where they are located.
Refactoring, nucleation and incubation are concepts drawn independently from domains as diverse as software engineering, the physical sciences and economics. There is no guarantee that they are mutually compatible; or even relevant to urban systems in any more direct way than by loose analogy.
But they share important characteristics that are also observed in successful urbanism and the research of resilient systems. For example: a preference for emergent growth rather than planned development; and the need to enable widespread changes that are adaptable to highly specific local contexts.
So whilst I can’t be sure that these concepts are universally applicable, I am convinced that their potential value is so great that we are compelled to explore them. | 2019-04-23T08:21:58Z | https://theurbantechnologist.com/tag/bristol/ |
A wide range of varied gifts grouped together in one place that are all included in our ‘any 3 for £9.99’ offer! Browse the whole range and mix and match to your heart’s content. Any three items added from this page will be discounted down to £9.99 at the checkout.
This item is part of our 3 for £9.99 offer. Mix and match any 3 products in this offer for only £9.99!
This decorative shabby plaque is made of light wood with a black wire hanger and finished with a red tartan bow for the vintage look. This plaque is decorated with an image of a mum with her kids and black letters that read ‘A mother holds her children’s hands for a while but their hearts forever’. This charming hanging plaque would make the perfect addition to any home placed in the hallway, living room, dining room or kitchen hung on the wall or a door. This jovial wall plaque would make the ideal gift idea for Mothers' Day or would make a cracking addition to a bigger hamper. This funky shabby plaque measures approximately L25cm x W10cm. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – A Mother Holds Her Children’s Hands… Shabby Plaque.
This decorative Shabby Plaque is made of light wood with a black wire hanger and finished with a red tartan bow for the vintage look. This plaque is decorated with black paw prints and letters that read ‘A spoiled cat lives here’. This humorous hanging plaque would make the perfect addition to any home placed in the hallway, living room, dining room or kitchen hung on the wall or a door. This jovial wall plaque would make the ideal gift idea for a cat-lover or would make a cracking addition to a bigger hamper. This funky Shabby Plaque measures approximately L25cm x W10cm. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – A Spoiled Cat Lives Here Shabby Plaque.
This decorative Shabby Plaque is made of light wood with a black wire hanger and finished with a red tartan bow for the vintage look. This plaque is decorated with black paw prints and letters that read ‘A spoiled dog lives here’. This humorous hanging plaque would make the perfect addition to any home placed in the kitchen or dining room and even in the hallway hung on the wall or a door. This jovial wall plaque would make the ideal gift idea for a dog-lover or would make a cracking addition to a bigger hamper. This funky Shabby Plaque measures approximately L25cm x W10cm. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – A Spoiled Dog Lives Here Shabby Plaque.
This decorative Shabby Plaque is made of light wood with a black wire hanger and finished with a red tartan bow for the vintage look. This plaque is decorated with a wine bottle and glass and letters that read ‘ALCOHOL – SOME OF THE BEST TIMES YOU’LL NEVER REMEMBER’. This humorous hanging plaque would make the perfect addition to any home placed in the kitchen or dining room and even in the hallway hung on the wall or a door. This jovial wall plaque would make the ideal gift idea for someone who likes his/her wine or would make a cracking addition to a bigger hamper. This funky Shabby Plaque measures approximately L25cm x W10cm. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Alcohol – Some Of The Best Times… Shabby Plaque.
This stunning angel mug is made from bone china and has been designed in the UK by the popular artist, Lisa Parker. The mug has a decorative picture of a praying angel holding a candle with the night sky and the full moon in the background. This fantastic image is printed on both sides of the mug which is suitable to use in the microwave and dishwasher. This lovely bone china mug would make the perfect gift idea for someone who is a lover of angels and would make a great addition to an existing angel collection. The mug measures 10cm tall and 12cm wide including the handle and comes in a decorative card box. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Angel Bone China Mug.
From the Anne Stones collection, this stunning looking tin is made with a lovely design of a female angel with long flowing brown hair, clad in a long white gown; blooming from her back are a pair of white angel wings. The beautiful angel is standing on a shoreline where the ocean meets the sand, whilst the peaceful blue of the sea merges with the mist-adorned serenity of a morning sky. Ideal for keeping your nick-nacks in such as tobacco, emergency sewing kit, travel/mini first aid kit, loose change, earphones, trinkets, hair clips and ties, fishing accessories, jewellery and cufflinks, nuts and bolts, screws and nails, spare keys, buttons - the list is endless and with its handy pocket size it can be carried around with you anywhere! This decorative tin would make a great gift for anyone for any occasion. This stunning metal tin measures H9.5cm x W6cm x D2.5cm. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description - Angel Spirit Guide Metal Tin.
These fragranced bath sea salts make your bath the most luxurious, relaxing and unwinding experience possible. These wonderful bath sea salts are scented with aromatic basil, floral lavender and sweet orange and packaged in a clear plastic bottle with a gift tag to add your own personal message making it the perfect gift idea for those who love to relax and soak in a lovely warm bath. This jar of fantastic Angel Wings Aromatic bath crystals would make the perfect gift idea for all those angels out there in need of a relaxing soak! Each bottle contains 320g of these fabulous bath crystals and the bottle measures H11cm x W6.5cm. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description - Angel Wings Aromatic Sea Salt Bath Crystals 320g.
Aniseed essential oil was a highly prized commodity in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome. The Greeks used the seeds for the treatment of coughs, colds and even bad dreams. The popular Turksih alcoholic drink, Raki, is made from the seeds. In Tibetan medicine a blend of aniseed and nutmeg oil was used in a lotion for anxiety, depression and other neurotic systems.
Aniseed essential oil can be used as a room freshener, to help clear tense and nervous headaches or added to the bath to ease tension and aching muscles. Use in a burner or vaporiser for asthma, colds or sinus problems, as well as for quelling nausea and vomiting.
A few drops on a tissue to inhale is said to ease headaches, digestive problems, nausea and vertigo. Aniseed's therapeutic properties are as an expectorant, stimulant, laxative, carminative and antispasmodic.
Top Tip: try using on fishing bait! Aroma: strong and sweet, liquorice-like. Note: avoid in allergic skin conditions or on problem skin. Do not use if pregnant or breastfeeding. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Aniseed Essential Oil (Pimpinella Anisum).
This fantastic candle in a drum is a great way to neutralise unwanted odours like the smell of tobacco, leaving your home smelling fresh and clean. This fantastic candle is made with extracts of tangy orange and clove. This candle is perfect to take with you when you travel for example if you stay in a caravan. This anti-tobacco candle has a fantastic 25 hour burn time and comes in a metal tin measuring H4cm x W6.5cm. Price’s candles have been around for 170 years and have a long and close association with the Royal Family. Today it holds a Royal Warrant for Her Majesty which means that Price’s supply candles for many Royal State occasions. They claim that candles are not just sources of natural light but are aesthetic, fragranced and highly designed objects in their own right. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Anti-Tobacco Candle by Price’s 25hr Drum.
This candle is perfect to take with you when you travel for example if you stay in a caravan. This candle has a fantastic 25 hour burn time and comes in a metal tin measuring 4cm tall and 6.5cm in diameter.
Price’s candles have been around for 170 years and have a long and close association with the Royal Family. Today it holds a Royal Warrant for Her Majesty which means that Price’s supply candles for many Royal State occasions. They claim that candles are not just sources of natural light but are aesthetic, fragranced and highly designed objects in their own right. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Apple Spice Candle rum by Price’s 25hr.
Choose any 3 Christina May soaps for only £9.99! Just add any three Christina May soaps and discount will be automatically calculated at checkout.
This gorgeous soap has a warm, deep and fruity perfume invoking memories of an English hedgerow in autumn. This fine body bar is rich in shea butter and is made using only the finest ingredients in a process that has remained unchanged for over a hundred years. All Christina May soaps are finely crafted and fragranced in the heart of the English countryside, making them an ideal gift or a fantastic addition in a gift hamper. This gentle and moisturising luxury soap bar will go a long way so why not try three at a time for an amazing value? Handy tip: storing these lovely body bars in your drawer with clothes, towels, bedding etc. will leave the material with a long lasting, delicious and fresh scent! © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Autumn Fruits Soap Bar 200g by Christina May.
This charming love heart is hand-made of soapstone, and has the words ‘Baby Boy’ along with small swirls craved into it. This eye-catching heart comes packaged in a plain black gift box making it the perfect gift idea for congratulating the birth of A little baby boy and the box can be re-used as storage of coins, buttons, hair clips etc. This wonderful soapstone heart measures approximately 4cm x 4.5cm with the gift box measuring H5cm x W5cm.
Regarding the Environmental Policy. All these items are hand-made so no machinery or energy is used in the making of the products. Our importer does not air freight any of these items and they are imported in by sea to reduce the carbon footprint further. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Baby Boy Blue in Gift Box Fair Trade.
This charming love heart is hand-made of soapstone, and has the words ‘Baby Girl’ along with small flowers craved into it. This eye-catching heart comes packaged in a plain black gift box making it the perfect gift idea for congratulating the birth of a little baby girl and the box can be re-used as storage of coins, buttons, hair clips etc. This wonderful soapstone heart measures approximately 4cm x 4.5cm with the gift box measuring H5cm x W5cm.
Regarding the Environmental Policy. All these items are hand-made so no machinery or energy is used in the making of the products. Our importer does not air freight any of these items and they are imported in by sea to reduce the carbon footprint further. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Baby Girl Pink in Gift Box Fair Trade.
Basil essential oil is renowned as an excellent aromatic stimulant, clearing the head and bringing strength and clarity to the mind; also, a wonderful toning refresher for the skin, restorative for the nerves, aids concentration, prevents vomiting and soothes itching or alternatively works efficiently as an insect repellent.
Basil essential oil is said to have a beneficial action on the respiratory tract and is often used for asthma, bronchitis and sinus infections. A good tonic for the treatment of nervous disorders and stress related headaches, migraines etc.
Top Tip: keep some in the car and if you're tired use a few drops on a tissue or on a hanging air freshener. Use in an oil burner when studying, revising or working.
Basil's therapeutic properties are antidepressant, antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, expectorant, febrifuge, insecticide, stomachic, tonic and stimulant.
Aroma: clear, sweet, slightly peppery. Note: do not use if pregnant or breastfeeding. Can irritate sensitive skin.© Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Basil Essential Oil (Ocimum basilicum).
This extra-large bath egg contains a generous portion of shea butter to smooth your skin and is scented with fiery scent dragon’s blood aroma. Packaged in a lovely gift wrap with a tag for your own personal message this mango bath bomb would make the perfect gift idea for those who like to relax and soak in a warm bath. To use, simply drop your bath blaster into a bath of warm water and watch as it fizzes, releasing its perfume and essential oils. Your bath blaster can be used more than once; rinse bath well after use. See our full range of Bath Blasters, Cocoa Swirls, Bath Tulips, Bath Mallows, Whoopee Blasters and more by clicking HERE. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Bath Egg Dragon’s Blood Extra Large.
This extra-large bath egg contains a generous portion of shea butter to smooth your skin and is scented with pure jasmine and earthy patchouli. Packaged in a lovely gift wrap with a tag for your own personal message this mango bath bomb would make the perfect gift idea for those who like to relax and soak in a warm bath. To use, simply drop your bath blaster into a bath of warm water and watch as it fizzes, releasing its perfume and essential oils. Your bath blaster can be used more than once; rinse bath well after use. See our full range of Bath Blasters, Cocoa Swirls, Bath Tulips, Bath Mallows, Whoopee Blasters and more by clicking HERE. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Bath Egg Jasmine & Patchouli Extra Large.
This festive shabby plaque is made of light wood with a black wire hanger and finished with a red tartan bow for the vintage look. This plaque is decorated with Santa packing his Christmas sack and letters that read ‘Be Naughty, Save Santa a Trip’. This humorous hanging plaque would make the perfect addition to any home during the festive season placed in the hallway, living room, dining room or kitchen hung on the wall or a door. This jovial wall plaque would make the ideal gift idea at Christmas and would make a cracking addition to a bigger hamper. This funky shabby plaque measures approximately L25cm x W10cm. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Be Naughty Shabby Plaque.
This decorative garden bumble bee on a stick is made with a lot of detail and would stand out in any garden. This black and yellow bee has a miniature yellow windmill attached to its neck which spins around when the breeze reaches it making this wonderful garden spinner the perfect addition to any garden, patio or conservatory. This garden bumble bee is attached to a stick making it easy to place it in a plant pot or straight into the ground. This lovely bumble bee spinner would also make a cracking addition indoors in larger plant pots. This fantastic garden bee on a stick stands at approximately 47cm long including the metal stick. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Bee Plant Pot / Garden Spinner.
Bergamot essential oil has an uplifting aroma, is excellent for easing breathing difficulties, as an antiseptic for wounds and to relieve abscesses, mouth infections and herpes.
Used to stabilise the emotions and as an energising oil, bergamot is uplifting and balancing, helping to alleviate anxiety, depression, fear or listlessness and encouraging a restful night's sleep.
In creams or massage oils Bergamot essential oil is widely used for oily skin as well as to reduce acne and eczema.
Use in a vaporiser to disperse unwanted odours bergamot also makes a wonderful room spray in times of illness or depression; cleansing, deodorising, and keeping insects away.
Bergamot's therapeutic properties include analgesic, antidepressant, antiseptic, antibiotic, anti-spasmodic, stomachic, calmative, and vulnerary.
Aroma: fresh, floral, citrus. Note: bergamot is a photo sensitizer (increases the skin's reaction to sunlight making it more likely to burn) so it should not be used when exposed to sunlight or tanning beds. Avoid during pregnancy. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – (Citrus bergamia).
This charming love heart is hand-made of soapstone and has the words ‘Best Friends’ along with small swirls craved into it. This eye-catching heart comes packaged in a plain black gift box making it the perfect gift idea for any occasion for your best friend and the box can be re-used as storage of coins, buttons, hair clips etc. This wonderful soapstone heart measures approximately 4cm x 4.5cm with the gift box measuring H5cm x W5cm.
Regarding the Environmental Policy. All these items are hand-made so no machinery or energy is used in the making of the products. Our importer does not air freight any of these items and they are imported in by sea to reduce the carbon footprint further. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Best Friends Heart in Gift Box Fair Trade.
This stunning round, one-hooped traditional dream catcher is decorated with silver beads and finished with black and pink feathers.
This decorative dream catcher would make the perfect gift idea for someone who loves all Native American and would make a cracking addition to anywhere in your home including in the bedroom, living room, hallway or even in the kitchen!
This lovely dream catcher measures approximately 45cm long from the hook to the bottom feather. Dream catchers are based on the Native American tradition of hanging a symbolic web over a sleeping person to protect him or her from bad dreams. Hung above the dreamer, the dream catcher filters dreams from the night air, letting only the good dreams and important messages through into the feathers and then filtering them down onto the sleeping person. It then catches all bad dreams within the web. Dream catchers are very popular with children suffering bad dreams. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Black & Pink Dream Catcher 45cm.
This stunning black cat mug is made from bone china and has been designed in the UK by the popular artist, Lisa Parker. The mug has a decorative picture of a cat lying on a witchcraft book and gazing at the light of burning candle. This fantastic image is printed on both sides of the mug which is suitable to use in the microwave and dishwasher. This lovely bone china mug would make the perfect gift idea for someone who is a lover of cats or witchcraft and would make a great addition to an existing witch collection. The mug measures 10cm tall and 12cm wide including the handle and comes in a decorative card box. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Black Cat with Candle Bone China Mug.
Price’s candles have been around for 170 years and have a long and close association with the Royal Family. Today it holds a Royal Warrant for Her Majesty which means that Price’s supply candles for many Royal State occasions. They claim that candles are not just sources of natural light but are aesthetic, fragranced and highly designed objects in their own right. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Black Cherry Candle rum by Price’s 25hr.
This stunning high quality polished egg cup is made of black marble with lovely patterns of black and white, is very smooth to the touch and would make a fantastic addition to any home. This decorative black marble egg cup measures H5cm x W5cm and would make the ideal gift as a housewarming present. It would also make a cracking addition to an existing marble collection. Please note that as marble is a naturally formed product each piece may vary slightly in colour and pattern from the picture shown. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Black Marble Egg Cup.
This solid marble sphere is coloured mostly black with hints of whites and greys and would make a great addition to any home placed on a shelf, windowsill, mantelpiece, table or even on the kitchen counter. The marble of this highly collectable sphere was formed over thousands of years in the foothills of the Himalayan Mountains and only the highest quality stones are selected. This highly polished sphere is approximately 3.5cm, they sit nicely on our egg stands for display or are a perfect fit in our drawstring pouches for safe storage or for a gift. The wonderful thing about spheres is that they emit energy equally in all directions. This allows the natural energy to fill and circulate in the environment it is positioned. Spheres can also be used in a similar way to a worry stone, you can easily carry them in your pocket or bag taking advantage of the energy given off all day as the sphere is nearby or by holding or massaging in the hand. Two spheres rotated in one hand are very soothing and act in the same way solid stress balls do. They have a wide range of other mystical uses being closely related to and used as crystal balls as well as in massage and other therapies. This is a natural stone product and the shade and/or pattern can vary from stone to stone and from delivery to delivery. We always choose the best quality stones from reputable importers we have met and trust but can’t photograph every piece as they come in and change them as they sell so we try to keep an image on the site that is a good example of that item. If you have any questions regarding a natural stone item please contact us and we would be happy to help. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Black Marble Sphere.
This decorative garden dragonfly on a stick is made with a lot of detail and would stand out in any garden. This blue dragonfly has a miniature blue windmill attached to its neck which spins around when the breeze reaches it making this wonderful garden spinner the perfect addition to any garden, patio or conservatory. This garden dragonfly is attached to a stick making it easy to place it in a plant pot or straight into the ground. This lovely dragonfly would also make a cracking addition indoors in larger plant pots. This fantastic garden dragonfly on a stick stands at approximately 48cm long including the metal stick. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Blue Dragonfly Plant Pot Spinner.
This realistic garden butterfly on a stick is made with a lot of detail and would stand out in any garden. Its wings are attached to its body with springs giving it a bobbing motion and making this wonderful garden ornament the perfect addition to any garden, patio or conservatory. This garden butterfly is attached to a stick making it easy to place it in a plant pot or straight into the ground. This lovely butterfly with wobbly wings would also make a cracking addition indoors in larger plant pots. This cute butterfly is coloured mainly blue and would make the perfect addition to an existing butterfly collection. This fantastic garden butterfly on stick stands at approximately 45cm long including the metal stick. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Blue Realistic Butterfly Plant Pot Stick.
This charming blue egg is hand-made of soapstone and decorated with orange polkadots. This eye-catching egg comes with a free stand for easy display making the perfect gift idea for any occasion and would make a cracking addition to an existing egg collection. This wonderful soapstone egg measures approximately 6cm x 4.5cm.
Regarding the Environmental Policy. All these items are hand-made so no machinery or energy is used in the making of the products. Our importer does not air freight any of these items and they are imported in by sea to reduce the carbon footprint further. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Blue Soapstone Egg with Orange Polkadots and Free Stand.
This charming blue egg is hand-made of soapstone and decorated with yellow polkadots. This eye-catching egg comes with a free stand for easy display making the perfect gift idea for any occasion and would make a cracking addition to an existing egg collection. This wonderful soapstone egg measures approximately 6cm x 4.5cm.
Regarding the Environmental Policy. All these items are hand-made so no machinery or energy is used in the making of the products. Our importer does not air freight any of these items and they are imported in by sea to reduce the carbon footprint further. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Blue Soapstone Egg with Yellow Polkadots and Free Stand.
This jovial garden dragonfly on stick is made with a lot of detail and would stand out in any garden. Its legs arms are attached to its body with springs giving it a bobbing motion and making this wonderful garden ornament the perfect addition to any garden, patio or conservatory. This garden dragonfly is attached to a stick making it easy to place it in a plant pot or straight into the ground. This lovely bobbing dragonfly would also make a cracking addition indoors in larger plant pots. This cute metal dragonfly is coloured red/pink completed with pretty wings and a lovely smile. This fantastic garden dragonfly on stick stands at approximately 48cm long including the metal stick. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Bobbing Metal Butterfly on Stick.
This jovial garden frog on a stick is made with a lot of detail and would stand out in any garden. Its legs and arms are attached to its body with springs giving it a bobbing motion and making this wonderful garden ornament the perfect addition to any garden, patio or conservatory. This garden frog is attached to a stick making it easy to place it in a plant pot or straight into the ground. This lovely bobbing frog would also make a cracking addition indoors in larger plant pots. This cute metal frog is coloured green completed with large eyes and a wide mouth. This fantastic garden frog on a stick stands at approximately 48cm long including the metal stick. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Bobbing Metal Frog on Stick.
This stunning lantern is made of metal with a lot of attention to detail, coloured beige and finished with a butterfly design on each side. This wonderful candle holder fits a tea light candle and comes with a hanger making it ideal to be hung anywhere in the home, in the garden, conservatory and patio or even indoors placed on the windowsill or mantelpiece. Sit back and relax while the candle flickers inside this wonderful lantern creating a lovely atmosphere. This decorative beige lantern candle holder would make the perfect housewarming gift idea and would make a cracking addition to an existing lantern collection. This metal lantern measures (including the hanger) H15cm x W6cm. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Butterfly Candle Holder Lantern Beige.
This stunning lantern is made of metal with a lot of attention to detail, coloured pastel pink and finished with a butterfly design on each side. This wonderful candle holder fits a tea light candle and comes with a hanger making it ideal to be hung anywhere in the home, in the garden, conservatory and patio or even indoors placed on the windowsill or mantelpiece. Sit back and relax while the candle flickers inside this wonderful lantern creating a lovely atmosphere. This decorative pink lantern candle holder would make the perfect housewarming gift idea and would make a cracking addition to an existing lantern collection. This metal lantern measures (including the hanger) H15cm x W6cm. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Butterfly Candle Holder Lantern Pink Pastel.
Cajeput (or cajuput) essential oil is believed to offer some relief against stomach troubles and skin diseases, it is held in high regard in the East being used locally for various ailments such as headaches, colds, rheumatism, and various skin diseases.
The name comes from the Malaysian word 'kayu-puti' which when translated means 'white wood'. Cajeput can be found in blends for acne or psoriasis and can help cool the body but is a wonderful oil to use in a burner and has been known to and may offer help with coughs, colds, sinus problems, asthma and other breathing difficulties.
Cajeput's therapeutic properties include analgesic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, decongestant, expectorant, insecticide, carminative, and stimulant.
Aroma: medicinal yet sweet. Note: can irritate sensitive skin. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Cajeput Essential Oil (Melaleuca leucodendron).
Cedarwood essential oil is soothing and harmonising; it is one of the oldest aromatics known, used by Egyptians and valued with a very long history, cedarwood is used in the treatment of oily or itchy skin and for acne and scalp problems.
It may also be helpful for easing cystitis and other urinary problems. Blend with citronella for a powerful insect repellent.
The therapeutic properties of cedarwood oil include antiseptic, antispasmodic, tonic, astringent, diuretic, expectorant, insecticide, sedative and fungicide.
Aroma: long lasting woody scent. Note: do not use if pregnant. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Cedarwood Essential Oil (Cedrus virginiana).
This fantastic candle in a tin is a great way to neutralise unwanted odours when cooking, leaving your home smelling fresh and clean. This fantastic candle is made with extracts of clear basil, oriental patchouli and floral geranium. This candle is perfect to take with you when you travel for example if you stay in a caravan. This chef's candle has a fantastic 25 hour burn time and comes in a metal tin measuring 4cm tall and 6.5cm in diameter. Price’s candles have been around for 170 years and have a long and close association with the Royal Family. Today it holds a Royal Warrant for Her Majesty which means that Price’s supply candles for many Royal State occasions. They claim that candles are not just sources of natural light but are aesthetic, fragranced and highly designed objects in their own right. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Chef’s Eliminates Odours Candle by Price’s.
This decorative Shabby Plaque is made of light wood with a black wire hanger and finished with a red tartan bow for the vintage look. This plaque is decorated with black branches, a bird, a bird house and letters that read ‘Chocolate is the answer, who cares what the questions is?’. This humorous hanging plaque would make the perfect addition to any home placed in the kitchen, hallway or living room hung on the wall or a door. This jovial wall plaque would make the ideal gift idea for a chocolate-lover or would make a cracking addition to a bigger hamper. This funky Shabby Plaque measures approximately L25cm x W10cm. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Chocolate is the answer… Shabby Plaque.
Price’s candles have been around for 170 years and have a long and close association with the Royal Family. Today it holds a Royal Warrant for Her Majesty which means that Price’s supply candles for many Royal State occasions. They claim that candles are not just sources of natural light but are aesthetic, fragranced and highly designed objects in their own right. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Cinnamon Candle rum by Price’s 25hr.
Cinnamon is a warming essential oil used for all colds, flu and fevers. It is also thought to help with digestion problems, poor circulation and breathing problems as well as being a powerful antiseptic.
In an oil burner cinnamon essential oil is reputed to be very uplifting, fighting exhaustion and feelings of depression and gives a clean fresh aroma to a room. Add to a bath or massage oil to fight infectious diseases, diarrhoea, nausea or vomiting and all coughs, colds or chills.
The therapeutic properties of cinnamon oil include analgesic, antiseptic, antibiotic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, insecticide and stimulant.
Aroma: fresh and clean. Note: can irritate the skin, use with care and in small amounts, wash hands after use. Do not use if pregnant. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Cinnamon Essential Oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum).
Citronella essential oil is native to southeast Asia. It is grown commercially in Sri Lanka, India, Burma, and Indonesia. The leaves have been used for their fragrance and medicinal value for centuries.
Citronella essential oil is said to be the best, known natural insect repellent and is used in sprays, soaps, candles and wipes etc. Use outdoors in summer in a burner or as an air freshener, deodorant and for tired, sweaty feet.
Besides being effective as an insect repellent Citronella essential oil has been used for easing rheumatism, colds, headaches, lower back pain, migraines, fevers, pain, sprains, muscular aches, intestinal parasites, digestive problems, menstrual problems, depression, as a household germicide/antiseptic, for repelling cats, to ease excessive perspiration, and to increase mental alertness.
The therapeutic properties of citronella essential oil include antiseptic, bactericidal, deodorant, insecticide, parasitic, tonic and stimulant.
Aroma: a powerful lemony scent. Note: do not use if pregnant. May irritate sensitive skin. © Please do not copy text. Avena product description – Citronella Essential Oil (Cymbopogon nardus). | 2019-04-26T11:04:50Z | https://www.avena.co.uk/any-3-for-999-multi-buy/ |
It’s almost certain that you have relatives who use Facebook. Maybe your parents or grandparents even have a Facebook page. But are those who buy from you on Facebook? If you answered yes, you may find Facebook marketing to be a wonderful asset. Keep reading to learn how to be successful with Facebook marketing.
TIP! Interact with your fans regularly so you know what it is they want. You should be taking note when people make posts on your Facebook page.
Make sure to communicate with your fans to understand their needs. Make sure you take notice when people post on your page. You may be able to use their tips in the future. Don’t ignore fans since they happen to be the reason for your success up to now.
Having contests are great for increasing your fan base on Facebook, so try to do that. Offer users prizes and discounts in exchange for encouraging people to like your page. Make sure you follow through and really award a prize, or you will be seen as a dishonest businessperson.
TIP! Always be as professional as possible in your Facebook marketing campaign. Although social media tends to be more relaxed, it is important that you present your business as a professional one.
Facebook marketing involves making sure your page is memorable to users. Add colors and pictures to your page. The sorts of people who like Facebook are sure to appreciate this type of page rather than a plain one.
Never let spam overrun your page. Look for the filters that allow you to easily remove it. Any administrator can type in keywords using this tool that will automatically filter it out.
TIP! Make sure that your Facebook page is spam-free. You can put filters in place that will help you to keep things on track when you are away.
Answer all questions and comments sent to you via Facebook. This will show that you are on point and active on your page. Share links to articles if they answer questions posed on your site.
Create custom tabs on your business Facebook page. The tabs let you organize your page information to make it easier for customers to navigate. For instance, if you have a contest going, a tab for that can be included.
TIP! Promote a contest using Facebook Offers. Set up your offer and turn it into a Promoted Post on your wall.
You most likely have your own Facebook, so you will know what your customers will see, what they do and what they wish to know. Try using these tips and your own knowledge to make a successful Facebook campaign. The more time and effort that goes into your marketing, the greater increase in profit you will see.
Success is not a given when using Facebook as a marketing tool. Companies usually develop their social media marketing campaign in function of their target audience. The article below will give you some powerful guidelines you can use to benefit from this great marketing tool.
TIP! It is crucial that you regularly interact with your followers. If people post things on your page, take note.
Make sure to communicate with your fans to understand their needs. Be aware of whatever people post on your page. Many successful businesses have gotten several marketing ideas from the public. Your current fans are the reason for your success so don’t ignore what they have to say.
An ideal way to encourage fans is to always reply to their wall postings. It is important to monitor your wall daily and to check out @ messages for your brand as well. Make sure to respond to both positive and negative feedback.
TIP! It is important that your posts are always professional. Although social media tends to be a casual venue, your business must be presented professionally.
Link all of your published content to your Facebook. If you write a blog, make sure that new posts appear on Facebook. Link up your Twitter account so that your Tweets appear on your Facebook wall, too.
Facebook is a great way to share your content. Facebook is not only about socializing; it’s a major source of content. Treat it that way. Create great content and share interesting information. Facebook can bring you lots of traffic.
TIP! Organize some sort of giveaway to gain attention on your Facebook page. You should try to get people excited about it by telling them you’ll give a prize to a few of them for participating.
Before you do anything else, you must build your audience. Don’t focus investing too much into promotions or marketing products until you have around 5,000 fans. This will allow you to market to a larger audience so that your expenses do not go to waste.
Do not leave out people that are already fans. Your current fans can easily be forgotten in the effort of bring in new fans and increasing likes for your page. For a stronger Facebook marketing campaign, your audience should feel respected. By keeping your followers feeling respected and happy, you will engage them and earn more loyalty for your brand.
Since you now have a deeper understanding of Facebook marketing, put that information to use. Use this newly found knowledge and reap the benefits that Facebook offers. When you start today, profit increases will come quickly.
Facebook is a great time waster for some. It can really be a profitable use of time for you when you put it to work as a marketing application. There are millions of users on Facebook – all potential customers. This article is going to get you started if you want to use Facebook to your advantage.
TIP! Reply to followers when they write something on your wall. Take a look at your wall daily, and pay attention if someone tags you in a post.
Consider creating a group instead of a page. Facebook groups are a great way to get people to interact more. Always try to have a group and a regular page so that you can give your subscribers updates and allow them to mingle with each other, as well.
Don’t forget about your existing audience. Some marketers focus on getting new subscribers instead of taking care of their exist audience. For powerful Facebook marketing, you need an audience that feels respected. This will help them engage themselves in your brand.
Post on other people’s Facebook pages. Posting on Facebook pages that are not your own can get you a lot of attention. You need to make sure it is good attention. Only post to another page when it is valuable content. Don’t spam other pages.
TIP! Use Facebook Offers to share coupon codes or organize contests for your subscribers. Set up your offer and switch it to Promoted Post via your Wall.
One great way to get people to pay attention to your brand is to give away something. Give something away a winner picked from you followers. It won’t cost you too much money, and you will now have communication with more targeted customers consistently.
If someone ‘likes’ your Facebook page, give them a deal. Likes can draw new attention to your page. Consider offering people something free and exclusive if they like your page. A contest is a good idea as is a coupon or discount. If they know they can get something they want, they will like it without hesitation.
TIP! Answer all questions and comments sent to you via Facebook. Thank people that answer questions for you or provide other valuable information.
There are many other avenues to market your product on the web. This network has lots of fans, but certain age categories and other demographics like others better. Before you spend time and effort on social media marketing, do your homework to find out which suits your target audience.
Though some folks use Facebook as a way to engage in gaming or to share funny quotations, you may find it is a great way to boost your business results. Now that you’ve read this article, Facebook is one of the most powerful tools in your arsenal. If you use what you have learned to your advantage, incredible things will follow.
Facebook is one of the most beneficial tools you can use to help your marketing campaigns. Facebook is definitely the largest social media marketing tool, and businesses are using this to their advantage. If you want to give your business a serious boost in exposure, read this article to learn how you can use Facebook marketing.
TIP! Posts about your business should always be professional. Social media has to be taken in a serious manner to make profits.
You must have an attention-getting page so that your page is set apart from the rest. You can make a colorful or photo-heavy page. An appealing page is much more enticing than an ordinary page for Facebook users.
Consider Facebook to be a platform in sharing content. This can be a formal tool to get your business on the map. Create your content with this in mind. Use Facebook to promote your blogs from other channels. You can reach significant numbers of people on Facebook.
TIP! Think about making a group rather than a page. A Facebook group will help encourage your followers to develop and participate in an online community where they can interact together.
Facebook Offers is a great way to promote freebies and contests you offer on your site. Once the offer is ready, change it on your wall so it shows as a Promoted Post. If you are offering something great, it may be worth promoting it more broadly, including non-fans.
TIP! One way to target your customers with specific ads is to add your email list to the “custom audience” feature on Facebook. This will help laser focus certain marketing messages you send out.
Sometimes, you need to post stuff about your brand other places besides your own page. Posting your opinion on Facebook profiles that you don’t run can get your page some attention. You’ll want to make sure that the attention you get is the type that you want. Create posts when there is something positive for you to say. Spamming other peoples sites can have negative consequences on your own site over time.
In exchange for a “like”, give your visitor a reward. If someone likes your page it will get you a ton of exposure. Think about offering something that is free and exclusive when they “Like” your page. It could also be something like a sweepstakes. They will click very fast if there is something free in return.
TIP! Only post updates that are pertinent to your area of business. It might be tempting to give your opinion on things or to share personal things with people, but this may not be interesting to your followers.
As you can see by now, Facebook marketing is the easiest way to reach large numbers of people. If used the right way, it can expose you to millions upon millions of people. Use what you’ve just learned, and watch your business skyrocket.
Facebook seems to be the social media site that most people are talking about. This results in a nearly unlimited audience when you use Facebook marketing strategies. Keep reading to find out what you need to know.
TIP! Use a giveaway in order to drum up attention and interest on Facebook. Get people to join by enticing subscribers with some free items.
It is crucial that you regularly interact with your followers. Pay close attention to your followers and what they want. Many successful businesses have gotten several marketing ideas from the public. This makes it important that you give back to your fans and don’t ignore them because they helped you achieve success.
Incorporate professional and engaging posts on your Facebook page. While social media is known for being more relaxed, your business should always come across in a professional way. Maintaining a professional tone will help build trust among your customer base.
TIP! When you use Facebook for marketing purposes, you must have a page that stands apart from the crowd. This can be done by creating a more colorful page and adding things like lots of photos.
Use custom tabs to make your page stand out. Organize the information found on different parts of your page in order to optimize your business and show potential customers the most relevant information. For instance, if you have a store, you can create a tab just for that.
Look into buying ads through Facebook. You can alter your ad to your customer base to maximize profit. Your budget can be your guide. Finally, there aren’t any long term commitments involved. You are able to discontinue your ad at any time.
TIP! Target advertisements directly to your customers by using the “custom audiences” tool. This will lower your marketing costs and increase the company profits in the long run.
Know when you ought to make posts about the business outside of a personal Facebook page. Posting on other people’s pages can attract attention towards your page. You need to make sure it is good attention. Only post on other pages whenever can positively contribute in some way. Avoid spamming at all costs.
Hiding your content from non-fans is an effective method in converting visitors into followers. If you have an area of your Facebook page hidden so that only followers can view it, you will be able to convert the casual visitor into a follower. One caveat, you lose SEO when content is hidden; therefore, limit the amount of content that is hidden.
TIP! Interact with your existing audience. Many people focus on new fans and customers, all the while forgetting the people who they already have on their team.
Many different kinds of people use Facebook. If you market using Facebook, you will be pleasantly surprised by how far your marketing message will travel. Just use what has been gone over here, and you should have no problem seeing things take shape.
Perhaps you already know how greatly your business can benefit from using Facebook for marketing. If you are unaware of what it means for you, fear not. The following piece will teach you what it takes to be successful at Facebook marketing.
TIP! Don’t let spam overrun your page on Facebook. Filters are available to help stop spam before it even appears.
Contests are a good way to market and get new followers on Facebook. Free samples and discounts are another way to attract followers and get them to try your products. Make sure you follow through and really award a prize, or you will be seen as a dishonest businessperson.
When you market your business on Facebook, post professionally. Although social media is relaxed, you should never post anything that could be deemed unprofessional. Maintaining a professional tone will help build trust among your customer base.
You may want to try Facebook ads. Your products or service will only receive so much promotion from your normal postings. When you want reach, Facebook ads are better. Facebook ads are cheap, and they can be quite effective.
Keep your page creative and different from other pages. Add colors and pictures to your page. People are much more drawn to decorative pages than plain ones.
Be sure and answer all questions that people post on your Facebook page. Be appreciative that they took the time to write you, and answer their inquiry in the best manner possible. Share links to your site or FAQs page to help answer common questions.
TIP! Your current customers need to be your main focus. Businesses sometimes concentrate so hard on getting additional followers that they forget the loyal followers they already have.
Do not leave out people that are already fans. A shocking number of people fight to get new likes instead of catering to their current fans. For powerful Facebook marketing, you need an audience that feels respected. These customers can champion your brand if you engage them effectively.
Choose updates wisely. People will lose interest right away if you are not posting any valuable content. Updates must be engaging and helpful. Using Facebook Insights will help you learn which updates do well and which are flops.
TIP! Create a group for your business. This should be a place for customers to get answers to their questions as well as chat among themselves.
Having read the article above, you should now have a much better understanding of Facebook marketing. Get on Facebook right now! The sooner you get started, the quicker you can gain attention. Begin today!
Facebook has a worldwide user base. This results in a nearly unlimited audience when you use Facebook marketing strategies. Go over this article to find out more about efficient Facebook marketing strategies you can use to reach out to your audience.
TIP! A simple way to start a conversation with your Facebook fans is to respond to the feedback they leave on your page. You have to not only watch your page, but also messages which include your name with an @ symbol (like @Microsoft.
Always keep in mind that the Facebook page for your business is a direct reflection of the professional image you want to convey. Even though Facebook is pretty relaxed, do not let yourself become too lax in your posting. When you use a professional tone on Facebook, people will trust you and your company.
Facebook is a content sharing medium. Facebook is useful for more than chatting with your friends. Use it in this way. Cross promote information between your official website, blog and Facebook. Traffic volume to Facebook pages tend to be quite high!
TIP! Make sure that all content you publish online is at least linked to from your Facebook. If you’re a blogger you should put a link to your Facebook page at the end of your posts.
Consider creating a group instead of a page. Launching a Facebook group could encourage your subscribers to create their own online community and interact with each other. You can utilize a group and a page in tandem to keep users interested and interacting.
Always keep your current customers in mind. Many people focus on new fans and customers, all the while forgetting the people who they already have on their team. For a great marketing campaign, you should respect and appreciate your followers. That leads to real engagement in your brand, so don’t forget about these champions of yours!
TIP! Keep your page creative and different from other pages. You can do this by making your page colorful or adding lots of photos to it.
You may have a hard time figuring out how to market on Facebook if the concept is new to you. One easy way to begin is by adding a Facebook link to your website. This will help customers and visitors connect with your business and is much less intrusive than other forms of marketing. When they “like” your business on Facebook, you will be able to easily update them on happenings in your business.
Be extra sure that people are able to “share” the content on your page. Providing useful information on the page will cause people to share that information with their friends. This will help improve visibility for your company. A higher amount of prospective customers will generate more profits for your business.
TIP! Never let a Facebook page get overridden by spam. There are some filters that can be put into place if you can’t monitor your site all of the time.
As mentioned, all kinds of people are using Facebook right now. If you market your wares on Facebook, you might be astounded by your success. Just utilize the advice in this piece and get ready to succeed.
Facebook marketing offers the dual appeal of being easy to use and having a wide, varied audience. Instead of ignoring its ability to help you with your marketing, investigate your options. Keep reading to get more advice and tips on marketing for Facebook, and all that you can accomplish with it.
TIP! You can quickly expand your viewers on Facebook by holding a competition. Offers can include discounts and prizes for users “liking” your page.
Facilitate regular interaction with your followers so you understand their needs and interests. If people post things on your page, take note. Other businesses that are successful have gained great marketing ideas from their audience. Don’t ignore the fans you have because they’re the ones that have gotten you to where you are at this point.
Always keep in mind that the Facebook page for your business is a direct reflection of the professional image you want to convey. Even though Facebook is pretty relaxed, do not let yourself become too lax in your posting. If you stay professional, people will always view you that way.
TIP! Host a giveaway to get some extra attention for your presence on Facebook. Offer free products or discounts to subscribers when they join.
Facebook needs to be thought of as a place to share with people. It’s not all about chatting it up with your friends; it’s also a great place to share content too. Treat it as such. Cross promote information between your official website, blog and Facebook. You will realize that Facebook will help drive high traffic!
Have you looked into using custom tabs on your Facebook page? The tabs let you organize your page information to make it easier for customers to navigate. For instance, if you have a store, you can create a tab just for that.
Although it’s a new way to market a business or service, Facebook has the power to appeal to a nearly unlimited audience. You need to use it for your own benefit today. You can get optimum benefits for your business by applying the advice that has been provided in this article.
Facebook offers numerous opportunities to connect and communicate with new and existing customers. Social media has become so popular because people chatting with one another. Get your business noticed by using the powerful advice in the article below.
TIP! If you are using Facebook for business, do it professionaly. While social media is known for being more relaxed, your business should always come across in a professional way.
You can expand the fan base of your Facebook page by holding contests, so make sure you take advantage of that opportunity. Encourage people to “like” your Facebook page, and offer discounts or prizes in exchange. Make sure you follow through and really award a prize, or you will be seen as a dishonest businessperson.
Generate some attention for your Facebook campaign by organizing a giveaway. Try getting your customers to ‘like’ your site by giving them something for free. Announce winners on your page and repeat as necessary.
TIP! The key to successful marketing with Facebook is having a strong base of fans. Having an excess of 5,000 fans is best.
When marketing through Facebook, you’ve got to make your page stand out from the competition. Use many colors and images relating to your product. Facebook users usually respond better to these pages compared to plain ones.
Facebook Offers is a great tool for promoting giveaways and contests on your site. All you have to do is set up the offer, then switch it to a Promoted Post through your wall. If the offer is extra special, you can promote it to people that aren’t fans as well.
TIP! You should think about the opportunities on Facebook with direct advertising. They can be customized to target folks of given ages or gender categories.
Don’t neglect the audience you already have. Many times, people only pay attention to getting more likes and followers and they sometimes neglect the followers they already have. If you want to do well with Facebook marketing you are going to have to respect your audience. This leads to engagement of your customers who can then spread the word to others.
When you choose to update your page, be careful about it. If you don’t share content that has value, you won’t keep fans very long. Keep your updates helpful, educational, or entertaining. Utilize Facebook Insights to learn which updates have the best success so you will be able to give your audience something similar.
Do you want to turn social media into a marketing success? Nearly everybody enjoys social media, so try taking advantage of this by using Facebook marketing. You can reach more people than ever before by using the advice shared here with you today.
How much do you know about online marketing? How much do you know about the site known as Facebook? Could your old marketing strategies use some updated knowledge? No matter if you are new or an expert, these tips can help anyone.
TIP! The greatest way to interact with your fans is to talk back to them when they post about your company or on your wall. This means you should always check your wall for new comments and use the @ symbol before mentioning your brand’s name.
Make sure any content you publish is linked through your Facebook. For example, if you write a blog, make sure to link each post to your Facebook. It’s also possible to rig it so that any time you post a tweet, it is immediately posted to your Facebook wall.
Offer something exclusive if someone “Likes” your page. Likes can draw new attention to your page. Think about a good reward to offer when someone likes your page. You can offer a discount on your products or even give a free item. If you provide the chance to get something valuable, they will not hesitate to click the button.
When marketing through Facebook, the goal is to increase your sales. Setting monthly goals will help you do this. Getting people to become a fan is a good thing, but ultimately, you want sales. Your strategy may need adjusted if you do not see the results you hoped for.
One strategy for turning visitors into fans to to maintain a fans-only content area on your website. A casual visitor just might be willing to start following you if that’s the only way to get access to a particularly interesting part of your page. Take care just to hide a small bit of content, so that you do not undermine SEO opportunities.
TIP! Consider Facebook to be a platform in sharing content. Facebook does not only relate to everyday chit chat, but it is also an important content format.
Avoid sending updates that aren’t related to you or your business. You might feel tempted to share personal updates or share some current events, but remember that these may not interest all the subscribers. Post anything of a personal nature using your individual Facebook profile.
Put all of your resources in your marketing campaign on Facebook. Marketing on Facebook is no cake walk. If you are thinking of putting someone on it that’s already bogged down with twenty other assignments, you’ll never get the traction that’s possible using this social media. Put some real resources behind your efforts if you want to get a lot out of everything.
TIP! Facebook Offers is a great tool for promoting giveaways and contests on your site. You just have to set the offer up, then on your wall, make it into your latest Promoted Post.
As you can see, the benefits of marketing through Facebook can be immense. Hopefully now you have a more solid understanding of how to use Facebook as a marketing tool. Begin your campaign strategy today by using and profiting from this advice. | 2019-04-26T07:41:59Z | http://www.skylinesocialmedia.com/2018/03/ |
There is no better way for college-bound students to get a feel for the future than participating in summer pre-college programs. Students gain valuable work experience, build relationships, and boost their admissions chances through these opportunities.
Not every program in the U.S. offers sufficient financial aid for under-resourced students, but we have compiled a list of programs that fix that problem. Each entry includes a link to the program’s website, as well as information on program dates, application deadlines, and eligibility requirements.
If you know of any programs that we’ve missed, please let us know in the comments below.
Description: Students (rising high school sophomores, juniors, or seniors) select either a one-week, non-credit course, or a two-week, for-credit course. Working with our professors and instructors, students in the Pre-College Program will participate in hands-on, high impact learning under the guidance of industry experts, and will also participate in social programming, college readiness workshops, and excursions to nearby New York City.
Financial Aid: Partial scholarships (up to $1,000) are available by application. Students are invited to apply for a scholarship after they apply and are accepted to the Pre-College Program.
Description: This four-week, on-campus course gives you a unique opportunity to focus on your growth as an entrepreneur. You’ll get immersed in Entrepreneurial Thought & Action (ET&A™)—Babson’s renowned methodology that encourages combining reflection, experimentation, and analysis with action—all while building leadership, communication, presentation and critical thinking skills in a hands-on, team-based environment.
Financial Aid: For assistance paying for this Babson Entrepreneurial Development Experience, apply here.
Description: Students select two courses, a morning class and an afternoon class to be attended Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday. On Wednesdays, students participate in our Beyond The Gates series. Areas of study include acting, literature, political science and journalism, among others. See the website for more details.
Financial Aid: Barnard offers a number of partial scholarship awards, as well as one full scholarship for the program. All scholarships are based on financial need and have their own deadline. Find out more and apply here.
Description: Students in grades 9-11 have the opportunity to build their writing skills in the Young Writers Workshop at Bard College at Simon’s Rock. This three-week program is designed to build confidence and develop greater fluency in writing in areas ranging from fiction to nonfiction. The program consists of small groups of students meeting in three, 90-minute sessions each day. Portfolio progress checks occur each week. Students live on campus in the dorms along with the staff and are able to experience campus life.
Financial Aid: Financial aid and certain scholarships varying from $12,000-$20,000 are available to assist students in attending the program. Find information on financial aid and scholarship options here.
Description: PROMYS is a six-week summer program at Boston University designed to encourage strongly motivated high school students to explore in depth the creative world of mathematics in a supportive community of peers, counselors, research mathematicians, and visiting scientists. Professor Glenn Stevens, the Director of PROMYS, founded the program in 1989 together with other members of the current faculty.
Financial Aid: Check out financial aid options here.
Description: High school juniors and seniors can enroll in a 3-4 credit college course in areas such as English, history, biology or psychology. Social outings, such as a beach trip to Lake Michigan, also is available during this program, which include a talent night, group devotions, and use of Calvin’s state-of-the-art fitness facilities.
Financial Aid and Scholarships: There are various scholarships available, including the $4,000 Mosaic Scholarship.
Description: This summer scholarship program is for motivated high school juniors going into their senior year. The program cultivates leadership potential in students who want to shape the political, economic and social issues that affect Hispanic and Latin communities.
Description: Camp College is a free opportunity for rising seniors to learn about aspects of a college search and application process from college and high school counselors. Students live on a college campus while attending sessions on the college-application process. Students will be provided food and lodging.
Financial Aid: Generous support of IACAC and other sponsors mean there is no cost to students. A $20 deposit is required to hold your seat and will be refunded at the end of the program.
Applications are accepted after March 22nd, but not for scholarship and on an available-space basis.
Liberal arts – Introduces black students to the strengths of a liberal arts education through a variety of courses in science, art, social sciences, and technology.
Quantitative reasoning institute – College-level experience in how social scientists think about the world. Students measure important variables of study, prepare research and present their findings.
Science institute – Learn how different areas of science link together. Students have the opportunity to complete a guided research project and earn college credit.
Financial Aid: Financial Aid is available for these programs. Each program has different qualifications for financial aid and scholarships, so check Carleton’s website for details. The liberal arts program is free for all accepted applicants.
Description: Camp 4 Scholars is open to both rising seniors and juniors. The program uses the disciplines of Neuroscience, History, English Composition and the Visual Arts to develop critical thinking, reading, writing, and oral presentation skills. Students are introduced to college-campus culture and to life in the dormitory. During the program, students also attend workshops and receive individual counseling on the college admissions process.
Financial Aid: Financial aid is available for students who demonstrate financial need as part of their application.
Description: These pre-college programs will show you what life at Carnegie Mellon is all about — from the classroom to what’s happening on weekends. You’ll meet people from all over the world, be inspired by our world-renowned faculty, and have the opportunity to explore the city of Pittsburgh.
Financial Aid: Some financial and merit-based scholarships are available to select students who have been accepted into the music program. There are also a limited number of Tuition Waivers available.
Description: This program is for rising high school seniors. Participants will engage in hands-on learning and research via science and engineering projects, which will help them build the academic and personal skills required for admission to competitive colleges and universities.
Financial Aid: There will be no tuition, housing or dining fees for students selected to attend the Summer Academy for Math and Science.
Description: College Horizons is an annually occurring college admission workshop for Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Native American sophomores and juniors in high school. College Horizons is held each summer at different college campus partners.
Students experience residential life on a college campus while also learning extensively about the college admission and financial aid process. Expert faculty work one on one with students to help prepare them to put their best foot forward in the college application process, while also receiving guidance on selecting, affording and thriving on a campus that fits. College Horizons is the only workshop of its kind – a program focused solely on serving the unique needs and experiences of Native students throughout the nation and bringing that perspective into the college selection and application process.
Description: The Native Education Forum is a 5-day summer program for rising high school juniors and seniors. Students will gain university classroom experience, earn one academic credit, research issues critical to Native American/indigenous communities and get valuable assistance from professionals in the university application process. While on campus, students will have the chance to interact with university faculty, staff and currently enrolled students as they discuss and evaluate important issues that affect indigenous communities.
Financial Aid: You may be eligible for the “Partnership Award.” Please contact Leslee Lovato at [email protected].
Description: The purpose of the Black Issues Forum is to provide students — completing their junior year of high school — a vehicle to demonstrate their written and oral communication skills and to enhance their leadership potential. Participants will have the opportunity to interact with university faculty, staff and currently enrolled students as they discuss and evaluate the important issues of today that affect the black community at the local, state, national and/or global level.
Financial Aid: You may be eligible for the “Partnership Award.” Submit any questions you have to Counselor Bobby Browning.
Description: Are you excited by math and science? Do you want to improve the world? Would you like to envision and implement solutions to the important challenges of our time? If so, we invite you to Cornell this summer to explore diverse and exciting career opportunities in the practice of engineering.
Application Deadline: March 3rd, 2019, except for RABS, which accepts until March 8th, 2019. The Financial Aid deadline is April 5th, 2019, for all programs except RABS, which has a financial aid deadline of March 8th, 2019.
Description: Choose a two-, three-, five-, or six-week program, where you’ll earn transferrable credits from Cornell University in subjects such as architecture, business, engineering, human rights, science, and veterinary medicine. Courses are taught by Cornell faculty, giving you an unrivaled learning experience with some of the university’s best professors.
Financial Aid: Summer College offers a limited number of partial scholarships that are awarded based on a family’s demonstrated financial need, a student’s academic achievement and promise and availability of funds.
Description: For two weeks every summer, the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication brings top-performing high school students to ASU for two weeks of intensive, hands-on experiences in broadcast and digital journalism.
Financial Aid: For questions, email [email protected].
Application Deadline: Priority deadline is March 1st, 2019; Final deadline is April 1st, 2019.
Description: July experience is a powerful pre-college summer academic experience for rising high school juniors and seniors who are highly motivated, academically oriented and self-disciplined. It takes place on the campus of Davidson College.
Financial Aid: Scholarships might be available to students with financial need. This financial aid is awarded on the basis of need and academic achievement. Financial aid requests should be submitted at the time of your application and are due March 31.
Description: The academy is a two-week program for students between their junior and senior years in high school who are considering careers in areas such as mathematics and natural and physical science. In classes and seminars, you’ll sharpen your math skills, explore important topics in science and master a variety of computer programs.
Financial Aid: Scholarships are available. For further information about scholarships or the academy in general, please email Christine Genier at [email protected].
Application Deadline: Financial Aid is due by May 1st, 2019, although applications are accepted until anywhere between May 6th and June 28th, depending on the program and session. Check individual deadlines here.
Description: The program gives college-bound rising juniors and rising seniors a glimpse of academic and residential life. High-school students can explore topics with professors who are the leading experts in their fields, enroll in classes with college students and earn transferable college credit.
Financial Aid and Scholarships: Awards range between $500 and $1500, depending upon need and academic merit. Awards will not cover the full program cost. Financial aid deadline preferred deadline is May 1st.
Description: Kick off your college studies in computer science with a summer program at Google. Google’s Computer Science Summer Institute (CSSI) is a three-week introduction to computer science for graduating high school seniors with a passion for technology — especially students from historically underrepresented groups in the field. Students participate in an intensive, interactive and hands-on program that seeks to inspire the tech leaders and innovators of tomorrow by supporting the study of computer science, software engineering and other closely related subjects.
At CSSI, students study programming fundamentals with Google engineers, get an inside look at some of Google’s most exciting, emerging technologies, and design and develop their own application with fellow participants.
Attendees will enjoy a unique residential experience in dorm-style housing at local universities.
Financial Aid and Scholarships: CSSI is an all-expenses-paid program. Google will provide housing, meals and transportation for invited students.
Application Deadline: No official deadline, however, last year they ran out of spaces in April. Apply early!
Description: HCSSiM is an intensive six-week encounter with college-level mathematics for talented and highly motivated high school students. It is demanding and expanding. Participants spend a major portion of each day actively engaged in doing mathematics (not simply learning the results of mathematics). HCSSiM students live in the dorms at Hampshire College in Massachusetts for six summer weeks, and study and play in its fields, woods, and academic buildings (not typically in that order).
Financial Aid: There is some financial aid available through the program, which you can read about here, but they also recommend third-party grants.
Application Deadline: February 1st at noon for early consideration. May 15th at noon for all other applications.
Description: Join other intellectually curious high school students on campus at Harvard, where you can explore topics as wide ranging as American law, philosophy, computer programming and public speaking. During your two weeks at Harvard, you attend class for three hours a day and participate in college readiness workshops or team-building events. In the evenings, you eat in the dining hall, finish homework in your dorm and attend social activities.
Financial Aid: Scholarships are available to students with outstanding academic records who demonstrate financial need. Financial aid application deadline is Feb. 1 at noon.
Description: The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign – College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences (ACES) is pleased to invite applications from current high school sophomores and juniors of under-served, economically disadvantaged groups, and urban residents to participate in the Research Apprentice Program. Upon completion of the program students may qualify for a monetary award.
Financial Aid: Students invited to participate will be required to pay a $50.00 participation fee.
Description: The one-week program is designed especially for above-average African-American, Hispanic, and Native American high school students who excel in mathematics, enjoy learning, and like to solve complicated problems.
Financial Aid: There is no cost to admitted students.
Description: Young Writers is an intensive two-week workshop for intellectually curious, motivated high-school students who value writing. Our goal is to help students develop their creative and critical abilities with language—to become better, more productive writers and more insightful thinkers. For more than nineteen years, Young Writers has provided a lively, supportive environment where students can stretch their talents, discover new strengths, and challenge themselves in the company of peers who share their interests.
Financial Aid: Students can apply for financial aid with their program application. Demonstrated financial need required.
Application Deadline: Each program has its own deadline.
Description: Kettering University has a number of programs designed to inspire students in STEM fields.
Financial Aid: Each program has its own form of aid. Please refer to the website for details.
Description: The Aspects of Leadership Summer Institute is an intensive seven-week program and completely free of charge for LEDA Scholars. It includes leadership training, academic writing instruction, standardized test preparation, college guidance, and community building. The Summer Institute provides LEDA Scholars with a unique range of learning experiences that help them develop and sharpen their problem-solving skills and open the door to reaching their potential as students and leaders.
Application Deadline: Priority deadline is December 1st, 2018, while the final scholarship deadline is February 1st, 2019 (no application fee).
Program Dates: There are multiple sessions for students off all ages throughout June and July.
Description: Rising juniors and seniors from historically underrepresented ethnic groups can participate in a weeklong program designed to give students hands-on experience seeing what holding an engineering job is like.
Financial Aid: Contact the office of Professional and Continuing Education at [email protected] or 573-341-6222.
Description: Since 1975, this six-week residential program has leveraged a demanding academic atmosphere to help students develop the skills and confidence needed for success in technical fields. Along with calculus, physics, natural science and humanities courses, students take a hands-on elective course and participate in lab tours and social events. MITES serves up to 80 student per year.
Financial Aid: This program is free for all accepted students.
Program Dates: Dates vary according to classes selected, however, all students must attend the College Bridge Orientation and Advising session on May 19th, 2019.
Description: Thanks to a partnership between the Chicago Public Schools and Northwestern University, 25 high school juniors from Chicago Public Schools to the College Bridge Program each summer. Students enroll in courses as part of the Northwestern Summer Session and students earn college credit for satisfactorily completed courses. Courses vary from three to eight weeks in length, and are offered at Northwestern’s Evanston and Chicago campuses.
Financial Aid: Tuition and textbooks are free.
Description: This program allows high school sophomores and juniors to enroll in undergraduate courses on campus for college credit or enroll in a specialized seminar.
Financial Aid: A limited number of scholarships are available for high school juniors who demonstrate financial need and hold strong academic and extracurricular achievement. Applications are due March 1, 2019.
Application Deadlines: Vary by discipline. See website for details!
Program Dates: Vary by discipline.
Description: Every summer, high school to graduate students participate in NYU’s varied and exciting music and performing arts programs. Their programs vary from several instrumental performance programs including brass, Broadway percussion, improvisational jazz and piano, to vocal performance, music business and music technology.
Financial Aid: NYU offers several performance- and need-based scholarships to accepted applicants. Please see their website for more details.
Description: The Penn State Honors Music Institute is an intensive, weeklong immersion in the art of music making for talented high school students. As one of the most exciting summer music camps, specific areas of study include chamber choir, jazz ensemble, piano and wind ensemble. Students entering ninth grade in the fall of 2019 through students who will graduate in the spring of 2019 are eligible to audition.
Financial Aid: Partial scholarships are available to qualified students upon acceptance to the institute. Scholarship Information will be sent with registration materials to accepted participants.
Description: The Pomona College Academy for Youth Success (PAYS) enrolls up to 90 local high school students and seeks to support them in preparing for admission to selective and highly selective colleges and universities. PAYS participants engage in a thought-provoking combination of courses, cultural events, workshops, projects and field trips during the intensive 4-week, residential program as well as throughout the academic year. PAYS serves rising sophomores through rising seniors from groups traditionally underrepresented in higher education—students who are first in their family to attend college; from low income families; and are African American, Latino, Native American, Pacific Islander, and/or part of other underrepresented racial or ethnic groups.
Financial Aid: There is no student cost.
Description: About 40 high school juniors from low-income backgrounds will have the opportunity to participate in a 10-day seminar on journalism at Princeton’s campus. Reporters teach students and are from major publications such as the Washington Post and The New York Times. Students must have a minimum unweighted 3.5 GPA, and all expenses, including travel, are included.
Financial Aid: Questions can be directed to [email protected].
Description: The Multiethnic Introduction to Engineering (MITE) program was initiated at Purdue University in the summer of 1975. Originally a two-week program, MITE is now a five-week college simulation program modeled after the Freshman Engineering Academic Boot Camp. MITE attendees are immersed in first year engineering projects. The agenda includes SAT review, engineering design, time management, and social acclimatization to college life. Student participants build a strong sense of community and are able to return to their high schools with a better evaluation of their potential. We have seen an average improvement in SAT math scores of 90 points. The highest increase was 180 points as measured through pre- and post-testing. All participants apply to Purdue at the close of the program.
Financial Aid: a scholarship application is part of the overall SEW application for the program.
Description: PREFACE is a two-week residential summer experience at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute for talented high school sophomores and juniors who will enter the 11th or 12th grade in the fall of 2019. It is open to students from groups that have been historically and traditionally underrepresented or under served in science, engineering and technological fields and are interested in pursuing careers in engineering and technological professions.
The PREFACE Selection Committee reviews each application and makes its recommendation to the project director. Selection is based on high school academic performance, standardized test scores, quality of essay and recommendations. Since all programs are taught in English, students must have a strong understanding of the English language.
Financial Aid: PREFACE subsidizes each participant’s round-trip transportation to Rensselaer, tuition, fees (including laundry) and room and board for the two-week session.
Financial Aid: Significant financial aid is available based on need thanks to the Reynolds Endowment.
Description: SCA Scholars is a multi-year, intensive pre-college program for female students from the greater Los Angeles area and the Inland Empire. Through mentorship from Scripps College faculty and staff, participants develop the confidence and skills to be well-prepared college applicants, successful college students, and professionals who create positive, lasting change.
Financial Aid: There is no cost to students admitted into the SCA Scholars program.
Application Deadline: Priority deadline is March 1st; final application day is June 1st, but the application fee doubles on April 22nd.
Description: A four-week, residential program for exceptional young women with strong interests in science, engineering and medicine. Central to the program is a learning environment that is rich in role models, hands-on, cooperative, investigative and challenging — where girls get all of the faculty’s attention as well as the opportunities and encouragement to achieve their best.
Financial Aid: Available to students with demonstrated need. Financial Aid deadline is March 1.
Description: Stanford Summer Session’s Horizon Scholars program is a residential scholarship opportunity for low-income, high-achieving rising high school seniors who reside in the state of California to attend the High School Summer College program at little to no cost.
Financial Aid: There is little-to-no cost.
Description: The Summer Residential Program bolsters students’ science skills while introducing them to a host of health-related careers and a taste of life as an undergraduate on campus. To be eligible, students must be able to attend the full five weeks, seven days a week, and live in a residence house on the Stanford campus for the program’s entirety.
Financial Aid: There is no cost for students to attend if they are accepted.
Description: Our summer program for high school students (ages 15 to 18) is modeled after St. John’s discussion-based, interdisciplinary method of teaching the great books. A hands-on introduction to college life, our program helps students hone their reading, critical thinking, and discussion skills. With engaging workshops and awesome off-campus excursions, the Summer Academy is a blast.
Financial Aid: There is limited financial aid available for these programs, and applications are due on or before May 3rd, 2019. Contact the Summer Academy directors for more information.
Description: This intensive, four-week, pre-college program is for individuals 15 and older who wish to study at one of the top art and design colleges in the country. Serious young artists seeking to strengthen and enhance their art and design skills, as well as students with limited art training, are invited to participate.
Financial Aid: Summer of Art scholarships are available to students who, for financial reasons, would not otherwise be able to attend. Awards are based on family financial information, portfolio, and grade point average. Due to limited funding, scholarships are only available for U.S. citizens. Unless otherwise stated, awards can be used toward tuition only and cannot be applied toward supplies or other expenses.
Description: The Summer STEM Program is a six-week intensive that immerses current high school sophomores and juniors in hands-on engineering design and problem-solving. Faculty and teaching assistants from the departments of civil, chemical, electrical, and mechanical engineering provide students with foundational knowledge and expert guidance to address real-world problems in their respective disciplines of expertise.
Financial Aid: For the $55 application fee, there is a request for waiver email, and there are both full and half tuition scholarships available based on financial need and circumstance.
Description: COSMOS has as its mission to motivate the most creative minds of the new generation of prospective scientists, engineers, and mathematicians who will become leaders for California, the nation, and the world. The program aims to create a community of students who participate in and contribute to an intensive academic experience delivered by distinguished educators and scholars.
Financial Aid: Students can apply for financial aid during the application process.
Description: Students selected for this program can participate in one of two summer sessions: Awakening Into Consciousness and Contagion: Infectious Agents and Emerging Diseases. Applicants who share the program’s commitment to the Hispanic and Latino communities are invited to apply.
Financial Aid: Program participants receive a full scholarship, which includes course tuition, housing and dining, Student Life Fee, and the cost of travel to and from campus.
Description: Rising juniors and seniors from Chicago public high schools with a minimum 3.6 GPA are eligible for this program. Students are given the opportunity to take courses at the university for college credit.
Description: USC established Bovard Scholars to empower outstanding high school students with financial need to dream big. We help you reach higher. We prepare you for success in college — including gaining admission and scholarships to the best schools that are the ideal fit for you — and in your career. That includes thorough exploration of the wide range of options for your future.
Financial Aid: There is no cost for admitted students.
Description: The UW-Madison Engineering Summer Program helps students explore career options, prepare for the rigors of college and develop strong skills in math and science. Best of all, students will experience first-hand what it is like to be an engineering student at UW-Madison.
Financial Aid: The program is completely sponsored. There are no costs to the students once they arrive on campus. Students and families are required to finance and make travel arrangements to and from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Program Date: Dates range depending on program selected.
Description: High school students can pick from a number of programs that will allow them to explore, discover, and challenge themselves. These programs highlight fields such as robotics, physics, video game design, music, computer science, the humanities and arts, and women’s leadership.
Financial Aid: Partial or full tuition assistance scholarships are offered to eligible students.
Description: Yale Young Global Scholars empowers the next generation of leaders by building a global community and designing interdisciplinary programs that foster intellectual curiosity, deepen understanding and inspire creative action across all borders. The program is highly selective and gives students an unforgettable summer experience. To give students room to flourish in a new learning environment and to explore new academic interests, YYGS does not offer course credit, nor do students receive any quantitative evaluation during or after the program.
Financial Aid: There are a few options for need-based financial aid. Read more about it here. | 2019-04-22T11:15:40Z | http://blog.collegegreenlight.com/blog/category/college-lists/ |
Bob's Red Mill - Goodness Me!
Bob Moor is the man behind the mill! He is the heart and soul of the company and you can see his face on all its products. But Bob’s Red Mill stands for much more than that: it is a company dedicated to producing top quality food. Their “honest-to-goodness” policy is the reason why so many people trust them. Bob’s Red Mill places emphasis on nutrition that helps us get through a rough day. Products such as Almond Meal, Large Flake Nutritional Yeast, and Wheat-Free Rolled Oats should find their way to your home.
Old Fashioned Regular Rolled Oats make a deliciously wholesome, chewy, hot cereal that provides lasting energy all morning. This favorite breakfast cereal is a great way to start your day and add fiber to your diet. They're freshly milled from the highest quality oats available anywhere. Oats as we know them today originate from the wild red oat, a plant with origins in Asia. Originally cultivated for medicinal purposes, they were used as animal feed for a long time before humans deemed them fit for consumption. Oats helped fuel the civil wars in Scotland and have deep roots in Great Britain, Germany and Scandinavia. Today oats are widely accepted as nutritional powerhouses for dietary fiber and protein. Oats contain a special type of fiber that is especially good for the reduction of cholesterol called beta-glucan. Beta-glucans also aid in the support of the immune system and can help regulate blood sugar. They are also wonderful for soothing irritated skin when used in baths. Ask the person next to you to name all the ways to eat oats, and "as oatmeal for breakfast" – would be the likely answer, followed quickly by "oatmeal cookies, granola, and granola bars." But that's only the beginning. There are many ways you can cook with oats. They make a great crispy coating; they extend meatloaf and burgers, while enhancing their juiciness; or they can make a savory side dish. Visit our recipe section for some of our favorite ways to enjoy oats.
Our amazingly delicious, gluten free, whole grain oats are grown with pride on some of the best oat-growing fields in the world. To ensure their purity, each batch is produced in our dedicated gluten free facility and tested in our state-of-the art laboratory for the absence of gluten.
Extra Thick Rolled Oats (and we mean nice and extra thick!) are uniquely kiln toasted and freshly milled from the highest quality oats. These extra chewy oats produce extremely satisfying, robust hot cereal, cookies, granola and yeast breads.
Organic coconut flour is a delicious, healthy alternative to wheat and other grain flours. Ground from dried, defatted coconut meat, coconut flour is high in fiber and low in digestible carbohydrates. A single 2 Tbsp serving of coconut flour delivers 5 grams of fiber with only 8 grams of carbs. This makes it ideal for those following the paleo diet or who need to be carb conscious for their health. Coconut flour is also gluten free and produced in our gluten free facility where it is batch tested using the R5 ELISA Gluten Assay.
At last, oats that people with celiac disease or gluten intolerance can enjoy, too! Each farm delivery received is sampled hundreds of times and tested with an R5 ELISA gluten test to ensure the absence of gluten. Advanced color-sorting removes undetected impurities. Roasting enhances that wholesome robust flavor you expect. Finally, the oats are packaged in a 100% gluten-free facility and tested for gluten again to ensure their purity.
Organic Creamy Buckwheat Cereal is milled from premium quality organic buckwheat. The robust buckwheat flavor is a cereal lover's delight, making this cereal one of our most popular gluten free cereals.
Buckwheat is one of the best sources of protein in the plant kingdom. Buckwheat is not related to wheat—in fact, it's not even technically a grain, though it is treated like a cereal crop. Buckwheat is actually the seed of a plant related to rhubarb. The outer husk is pulled away and the inner seed is eaten. Buckwheat is very nutritious, making it popular in many nations across the globe. It is easy to digest and provides complete protein.
For a delicious hot cereal, bring 3 cups water and 1/4 teaspoon salt to a boil. Add 1 cup cereal, turn heat down, cover and cook for 10 minutes. Makes 2-1/2 cups. Serve with honey and brown sugar and milk. Add dried fruits and nuts to boost your breakfast or be adventurous and add a swirl of peanut butter and a handful of chocolate chips. Find more fun ways to top your cereal at bobsredmill.com/oatmeal.
While primarily used as a hot cereal, our Organic Creamy Buckwheat can also be used in a wide variety of culinary applications! Give our recipe for Seeded Buckwheat Snack Cake a try — it's printed right on the package.
Nutritional yeast is grown on enriched purified cane and beet molasses under carefully controlled conditions. T6635, with the addition of vitamin B12, is an ideal vegetarian support formula and has an appealing cheese flavor. It can be sprinkled over popcorn or salads, added to juice, cereal, smoothies, gravies, soups or casseroles, or used to make sandwich spreads.
Garbanzo Beans (chickpeas) are one of the creamiest and tastiest of beans. Flour made from this delicious bean lends a sweet, rich flavor to baked goods. Bob's Red Mill Garbanzo Bean Flour is freshly milled and 100% stone ground. Garbanzo beans are loaded with protein and dietary fiber and are a good source of iron. Garbanzo bean flouralso known as besan, gram flour, chickpea flour and cici bean flour is popular in Middle Eastern and Indian cooking and baking. Use it in dishes like falafel, hummus, socca, farinata, papadums and pakoras. It is also a wonderful ingredient for gluten free baking. Try it in crackers, pizza crusts, and breads. Garbanzo bean flour also works well in cakes or quick breads with strong flavors like chocolate and pumpkin. It can also be used to thicken soups, sauces, or gravies. Use garbanzo bean flour to replace up to 25% of the flour in your baking to increase protein and fiber.
Bob's Red Mill Ivory Wheat™ Flour is 100% stone ground from organic whole grain hard white wheat berries. Hard white whole wheat is a new variety of identity-preserved wheat that is quickly growing in popularity. This whole grain flour brings complete nutritional goodness to breads and other baked goods. The slightly sweet taste, light texture, and creamy color make it easy to introduce this whole wheat flour into breads, cookies, muffins, pancakes and more. This is great choice making bread by hand or in a bread machine. This special flour is one of our favorite products at Bob's Red Mill. Milled from high-protein hard white wheat, this flour is the best of both worlds. It is a nutritious whole grain flour stone ground from the entire wheat berry, containing all the wholesome goodness of the bran, germ and endosperm. Organic Ivory Wheat™ Flour is an excellent source of dietary fiber and a good source of essential minerals including magnesium and phosphorus. This whole grain flour provides 4 grams of protein per serving. This versatile whole grain flour is ideal for bread baking, but it can be used for other foods including pasta, pizza crust, tortillas, biscuits, quick breads and more. We've included terrific whole grain recipes featured on the package: Homemade Sandwich Bread, Banana Nut Muffins, and Quick Cinnamon Rolls. Ivory Wheat™ Flour gives breads with a light, golden color and has a sweeter flavor than conventional whole wheat flour, so it appeals to those that find whole wheat baked goods to be slightly bitter. Like regular whole wheat flour, Ivory Wheat™ Flour will make baked goods denser. To achieve a lighter texture, try a 50-50 combination of All-Purpose Flour and Ivory Wheat™ Flour and All-Purpose Flour.
Organic whole grain hard white wheat. Manufactured in a facility that also uses tree nuts, soy, wheat and milk.
Arrowroot is an easily digested starch extracted from the roots of the arrowroot plant, Maranta arundinacea. The starch is used as a thickener in many foods such as puddings and sauces, and is also used in cookies and other baked goods. The arrowroot plant is native to the tropics of South America. It has a long history of cultivation by native peoples, who developed an extensive treatment process for extracting the usable powder from the roots. The roots are washed, scraped, beaten, soaked, pulped, and finally forced through a sieve. The liquid and fine powders that make it through the sieve are dried, leaving the useful arrowroot powder behind.
When Europeans first encountered arrowroot, the Arawak Indians informed them that it was called aru-aru, “meal of meals.” The Indians placed a high value on the root as a food, and the Europeans duly brought it back with them along with numerous other unusual plants and animals. Arrowroot was also used medicinally, with some Indians believing that it should be placed on wounds made with poisoned arrows to draw out the toxins. Also, because of its digestibility, the starch was used medicinally in Victorian times to wean infants from mother’s milk and nourish those with dietary restrictions.
Quinoa (prounounced keen-wa) was a staple food for the South American Indians living in the high altitudes of the Andes Mountains. It was immensely popular because it was one of few crops that could survive in such high altitudes (10,000 - 20,000 feet above sea level). It could withstand frost, intense sun and the often dry conditions that characterized the Andean climate. It was also recognized for its superior nutritional qualities. For these reasons, it was dubbed "mother of all grains" by the Incas, so much so that it came to have spiritual significance for them. Many traditions and ceremonies surrounded the cultivation, harvest and consumption of quinoa.
Quinoa is a pseudo-grain actually a gluten-free seed, but used in cooking like a whole grain. This nutrient-rich grain is a wonderful source of complete protein, providing all of the essential amino acids. It is also a good source of dietary fiber. Naturally gluten free, this powerful little grain is a great addition to any diet, but is an ideal solution for those following a gluten free, vegan or vegetarian diet that are looking to increase their protein and fiber.
Quinoa is delicious on its own and the earthy flavor of quinoa makes it ideal for pilafs, soups and salads. Unlike many whole grains, quinoa takes very little time to prepare and can be substituted anywhere whole grains are used. It is a nutritious alternative to couscous and white rice in most recipes. Use it for a hot breakfast cereal or add uncooked quinoa to breads for a delightful crunch. Why be boring with macaroni salad for your next potluck? Our simply titled, Quinoa Salad is one of our most popular recipes and sure to impress your friends and prove your culinary expertise. Mix up your dinner menu with our Sopa de Quinoa, a South American soup that is sure to warm your insides and nourish your soul. No matter how you serve it, quinoa is a wonderful addition to your menu.
organic whole grain quinoa *Manufactured in a facility that also uses tree nuts and soy.
Organic golden flaxseed, also known as linseed, comes from the flax plant, which is cultivated for its seeds as well as its fiber. The seeds, which are a little larger than sesame seeds, contain omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber and lignans. Used since ancient times, flax is renowned for myriad health benefits.
Don't let the tiny, unimposing size of the flaxseed fool you. Packed inside every teeny seed is a mountain of nutritional benefit. For instance, flaxseeds are an excellent source of fiber. They are also the most widely available botanical source of omega-3 fatty acids. Most Americans don't consume nearly enough omega-3's, and eating flaxseeds is an easy and tasty way to get these essential fats in your diet! Other health benefits provided by regular consumption of flaxseed are prevention and control of high blood pressure and reduction of cholesterol levels.
These seeds can be eaten whole, or sprouted or ground to make their vital nutrients available to the body. Add flaxseed to bread, muffins, bars, biscuits, crackers, granola, cookies and other recipes for extra nutrition and a nutty flavor. See the back of our package for two terrific recipes using our Flaxseed—Bulgur & Flax Pilaf and Three Seed Bread!
Carob is an excellent substitute for chocolate or cocoa powder in cakes, cookies, smoothies, beverages and confections. To substitute carob powder for cocoa, replace one part cocoa with 1½ to 2 parts carob by weight. To substitute for chocolate, use 3 Tbsp carob powder and 1 Tbsp water in place of each square of chocolate. Try our recipes for Carob Fruit & Nut Brownies and Soy-Carob Bread on the package of this package.
Organic Old-Fashioned Rolled Oats make a deliciously wholesome, chewy, hot cereal that provides lasting energy all morning. This favorite breakfast cereal is a great way to start your day and add fiber to your diet.
At last, oats that people with celiac disease or gluten intolerance can enjoy, too! Each farm delivery received is sampled hundreds of times and tested with an R5 ELISA gluten test to ensure the absence of gluten. Advanced color-sorting removes undetected impurities. Roasting enhances that wholesome robust flavor you expect. Finally, the oats are packaged in a 100% gluten free facility and tested for gluten again to ensure their purity. Although a tiny fraction of the population cannot tolerate even the purest gluten free oats, most will find oats to be a deliciously welcomed addition to their diets. If you're unsure, please consult first with your doctor.
Although flaxseed meal contains all sorts of healthy components, it owes its primary healthy reputation to three of them: omega-3 essential fatty acids, lignans and fiber. Omega-3 essential fatty acids are “good†fats that have been shown to have heart-healthy effects. Each tablespoon of ground flaxseed contains about 1.8 grams of plant omega-3s. Lignans have both plant estrogen and antioxidant qualities. Flaxseed contains 75 to 80 times more lignans than other plant foods. Flaxseed Meal is high in dietary fiber containing both the soluble and insoluble types. It's also a powerful natural cholesterol controller. Our Flaxseed Meal is freshly milled to preserve the natural oils and nutrients.
Organic whole golden flaxseed. Manufactured in a facility that uses tree nuts and soy.
Artisan Bread Flour is the perfect flour for all of your fine bread baking needs. This premium flour is milled from high-protein, U.S.-grown wheat and mixed with just the right amount of malted barley flour, which helps yeast breads rise. The high protein content is great for gluten development, which is especially desirable for chewy baguettes, pizza crusts, dinner rolls, sandwich loaves, pretzels, bagels and more. Try some of the classic recipes for No-Knead Artisan, Amish Country Loaf and Perfect Pizza Crust from our label to get started, then expand your horizons as you see what this amazing bread flour can do. This flour is enriched, unbleached and unbromated.
Our Gluten Free Pizza Crust Mix makes a light, crispy, delicious pizza crust. Specially designed for those sensitive to wheat or gluten and delightfully easy, this whole grain pizza crust bakes up to two 12" gluten free pizzas! Top with your favorite gluten free toppings and savor how delicious homemade pizza can be. Our Gluten Free Pizza Crust Mix is wheat free, dairy free, whole grain and can be made without eggs. Ingredients: whole grain brown rice flour, potato starch, whole grain millet flour, whole grain sorghum flour, tapioca flour, potato flour, cane sugar, xanthan gum, active dry yeast, sea salt, guar gum.
It's quite easy to prepare. Just add eggs (or substitute flaxseed meal for a vegan crust), water and olive oil. The mix contains a yeast packet and bakes up like a real wheat crust. The texture and taste of this crust is fantastic! It's crispy and chewy and has the wonderful yeast flavor of a wheat crust. Try adding a little basil, oregano, garlic, or finely chopped rosemary to the mix to expand the flavor palate.
There are so many creative ways to use this mix! We've received many happy reports from our customers and their explorations: cheese breads, Stromboli, Chapati, Roti and Naan, to name a few. It makes a very tasty flat bread (cover with cheese and your favorite vegetables for the second baking) to serve with soups and heartier stews. If you want to branch out further, cut the dough for donuts, fry it up and coat with powdered sugar or cinnamon. Follow the recipe on the package to make outstanding gluten free cinnamon rolls with this versatile mix. You can also make pretzels sprinkled with a little salt, and serve with a side of mustard. Additionally, our Gluten Free Pizza Crust has been praised for making delicious bread sticks with garlic and butter. The flavor is also a big hit with kids, so it works great for leftovers in school lunches.
Organic Oat Bran Cereal is a deliciously smooth, high fiber cereal milled from high protein organic oats cultivated in the best oat-growing country in North America. This organic Oat Bran Cereal is milled to contain a high concentration of the natural fiber found in oats.
organic oat bran *Manufactured in a facility that also uses tree nuts, soy, wheat, and milk.
Tapioca flour, also known as tapioca starch, is a starchy white flour that has a slight sweet flavor to it. Tapioca flour is an alternative to traditional wheat flours and has a variety of uses in baking. The flour is made from the starch extracted from the South American cassava plant. When the roots have fully developed, they are harvested and processed to remove toxins. The starch is then extracted from the root by a repeated process of washing and pulping the mixture, then separating off the liquid.
Tapioca flour helps bind gluten free recipes and improves the texture of baked goods. Tapioca helps add crispness to crusts and chew to baked goods. Tapioca flour is an extremely smooth flour, which makes for a great thickener in sauces, pies and soups since it never discolors and contains no discernible taste or smell. It can also be used to replace corn starch (use 2 Tbsp tapioca flour for each 1 Tbsp corn starch). Moreover, it never coagulates or separates when refrigerated or frozen. Use in combination with other gluten free flours for best results.
An absolute staple in gluten-free baking, brown rice flour is incredibly versatile. Our Brown Rice Flour is 100% stone ground at Bob's Red Mill Natural Foods on a very fine setting to prevent the flour from tasting gritty-a common complaint about many brown rice flours.
Brown rice flour is a nutritious alternative to wheat flour and is naturally gluten-free. It is high in protein, iron, fiber and vitamin B. Brown rice flour is rich in manganese, which helps in the proper development of bones and cartilage. It also helps in better absorption of calcium. One serving of brown rice flour supplies more than 20 percent of the recommended amount of magnesium, phosphorus and copper, as well as 11 percent of potassium and more than 100 percent of manganese. In addition, brown rice flour supplies 20 percent of the recommended amount of iron for men and 9 percent for women.
Brown rice flour contains healthy bran and will add a darker color to your baked goods. It also imparts a richer, nuttier flavour than wheat flour. You can thicken sauces with it and use it for coating fish and other proteins, as well as produce breads, cakes and noodles. Browse our extensive collection of recipes using brown rice flour for everything from brownies to blini.
Brown flaxseed, also known as linseed, comes from the flax plant, which is cultivated for its seeds as well as its fiber. The seeds, which are a little larger than sesame seeds, contain omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, and lignans. Used since ancient times, flax is renowned for myriad health benefits.
These seeds can be eaten whole, or sprouted or ground to make their vital nutrients available to the body. Add flaxseed to bread, muffins, bars, biscuits, crackers, granola, cookies and other recipes for extra nutrition and a nutty flavor. See the back of our package for two terrific recipes using our Flaxseed Bulgur & Flax Pilaf and Three Seed Bread!
Whole Wheat Flour is 100% stone ground from U.S.-grown hard red wheat. Nothing is lost in the process of grinding the flour's one pound of wholesome whole wheat berries go into the mill, and one pound of nutritious whole wheat flour comes out. The bran, germ and endosperm of the wheat kernel are all included. Our Whole Wheat Flour is an excellent source of dietary fiber and provides 6 grams of protein per serving.
This flour has a high protein content which makes it a terrific choice for all manner of hearty whole grain breads, including nutritious sandwich loaves, rustic rolls, whole wheat hamburger buns, bagels, pretzels and flatbreads. You can also use Bob's Red Mill Whole Wheat Flour for whole grain treats such as muffins, quick breads, cookies and bars.
Organic whole grain hard red wheat. Manufactured in a facility that also uses tree nuts, soy, wheat and milk.
Bob's Red Mill Organic Kamut® Flour is made from Kamut® Khorasan Wheat, an ancient relative of modern day wheat that has a buttery flavor. Legend says that Kamut® grain came from the time of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt. We carefully stone grind this plump, rich grain into superb baking flour that can be substituted for wheat flour with great success. It is a good source of fiber and is easy to digest.
Kamut® wheat flour is perfect for anyone looking for a whole grain addition to their baked goods. Look through your favorite recipes for ones that call for wheat flour, such as breads, muffins, scones, homemade tortillas, pizza crust, pancakes and crepes. Prepare your recipes as directed, substituting an equal amount of Kamut® wheat flour for the wheat flour called for. Our Organic Kamut® Flour makes outstanding whole grain pasta with a superior texture and flavor.
We've taken all of the guess work out of dessert with our endlessly popular Gluten Free Brownie Mix. A deep and intense dark chocolate flavor combined with a wonderfully moist cake texture makes our Gluten Free Brownie Mix an instant favorite for everyone. A must have for all chocolate lovers!
Our Gluten Free Brownie Mix is one of our most popular mixes and we hear numerous new ways of making it. When you're feeling creative and in the mood for a chocolaty treat, try some of these alterations. It's amazing how one mix can be so versatile!
Sugar, Gluten Free Flour Blend ( Sweet White Rice Flour, Brown Rice Flour, Potato Starch, Whole Grain Sorghum Flour, Tapioca Flour, Xanthan Gum), Cocoa Powder, Sea Salt, Baking Powder (Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Corn Starch, Monocalcium Phosphate), Natural Vanilla Powder (Sugar, Cornstarch, Vanilla Extract).
Brighten your day with the sweet aroma of piping hot buttermilk pancakes and waffles. Our Buttermilk Pancake and Waffle Mix is full of wholesome goodness and irresistible flavor, because we use only the finest ingredients: organic stone ground whole grain wheat flour, real buttermilk, aluminum-free leavening and pure raw sugar.
Bob's Red Mill whole grain Buttermilk Pancake and Waffle Mix is quite nutritious, providing a healthy dose of protein, calcium and iron. It is also an excellent source of fiber.
These pancakes and waffles are fluffy and delicious topped with your favorite syrup or a pat of butter. You can also dress them up with added fruit, nuts and/or chocolate chips. They're also wonderful with pumpkin pure, vanilla, cinnamon and milk or with banana and peanut butter. Our Buttermilk Pancake and Waffle Mix is the perfect breakfast option if you want whole grain nutrition and delectable flavor.
Brighten your day with the sweet aroma of fluffy, piping hot pancakes and waffles. Our 10 Grain Pancake and Waffle Mix is full of wholesome goodness and irresistible flavor because we use only the finest ingredients a wonderful array of whole grain flours ground from wheat, rye, triticale, barley, corn, oats, brown rice, soybeans and flaxseeds. Thanks to these whole grain flours, Bob's Red Mill 10 Grain Pancake and Waffle Mix makes hearty pancakes that are packed with fiber, protein, calcium and omega-3 fatty acids. It is incredibly nutritious and a great way to start your morning off right with a tasty and healthy whole grain breakfast.
These pancakes and waffles are delicious cooked up plain with your favorite syrup or topping. You can also dress them up with added fruit, nuts, or chocolate chips. Their also wonderful with pumpkin puree, vanilla, cinnamon and milk or with banana and peanut butter. 10 Grain Pancake and Waffle Mix is the perfect breakfast option if you want whole grain nutrition, hearty texture, and delectable flavor.
Although flaxseed meal contains all sorts of healthy components, it owes its primary healthy reputation to three of them: omega-3 essential fatty acids, lignans and fiber. Omega-3 essential fatty acids are "good" fats that have been shown to have heart-healthy effects. Each tablespoon of ground flaxseed contains about 1.8 grams of plant omega-3s. Lignans have both plant estrogen and antioxidant qualities. Flaxseed contains 75 to 80 times more lignans than other plant foods. Flaxseed Meal is high in dietary fiber containing both the soluble and insoluble types. It's also a powerful natural cholesterol controller. Our Organic Flaxseed Meal is freshly milled to preserve the natural oils and nutrients.
Bob's Red Mill Gluten Free 1-to-1 Baking Flour makes it easy to transform traditional recipes to gluten free. Simply follow your favorite baking recipe, replacing the wheat flour with this extraordinary blend. It is perfectly formulated for baked goods with terrific taste and texture & no additional specialty ingredients or custom recipes required. Ideal for cookies, cakes, brownies, muffins, and more.
Which grain was first farmed nearly 10,000 years ago? Which grain was revered as one of five sacred crops in ancient China? Which grain is mentioned in the Old Testament, the writings of Herodotus, and the journals of Marco Polo? The answer is millet! Create nutritious, gluten-free dishes with millet, an ancient grain from the Far East. Millet has a mild, sweet flavor and quick cooking time, making it a tasty, convenient, whole grain addition to any meal of the day.
Unlike most other grains, this versatile, gluten free grain is alkaline, which makes it easy to digest and helps balance the body's natural tendency towards acidity. Millet is an excellent source of dietary fiber, making it a great solution for those looking to add more fiber to their gluten free diet.
Enjoy whole grain millet as a unique alternative to rice in salads and stir-fries. Cook millet for a sweet breakfast porridge or add uncooked millet to breads for a crunchy texture. Serve millet with a drizzle of olive oil, and a dash of salt and pepper in place of mashed potatoes for a delightful side that will enhance any meal. | 2019-04-20T17:13:19Z | https://goodnessme.ca/collections/bobs-red-mill |
Please feel free to peruse our beginner’s guide to UK Airsoft – this is a complete overview of our guide, if you are wanting to forward to someone a particular section, individual pages of the guide are available.
Airsoft skirmishing, often referred to as simply ‘airsoft’, is a live combat simulation in which two or more teams are pitched against each other in a game of fitness, skill, determination, tactics, psychology and wits. Players battle with each other with replica firearms which fire small, light plastic pellets at high speed (usually firing around 15 BBs per second and up to 350 feet per second muzzle velocity).
The realistic playing area, mission, equipment and clothing all add to the intensity and suspension of disbelief; in an airsoft game you can get a genuine sense of a real battlefield. If you have ever wanted to play out the excitement of a war movie or computer game for real then this is your chance! Airsoft is excellent fun but it also builds confidence, fitness, teamwork, introduces you to new friends and most importantly gets you out of the house.
Airsoft is the perfect answer for the modern British lifestyle; it allows you the rare opportunity to release pent up energy, escape the pressures of everyday life for a few hours and gain a sense of community. These positive ideals of discipline, physical exercise and team spirit far outweigh any concerns over simulating real firearms.
This guide has been written by the players that run United Kingdom Airsoft Players Union, so all of the information in this guide has been gleaned from decades of first hand experience. It has been written to help new British players get involved in the airsoft hobby. The survival of any sport or pastime is dependent on the continual induction of new enthusiasts. Most players know this and are more than happy to welcome and advise beginners. The British airsoft scene is bigger than it has ever been, but with anti-gun sentiment in the media, convoluted laws and a public which is wary of anything firearm related, new players can find it is difficult to get into the hobby.
Much information in this guide will be of use to new players from outside the UK, but please bear in mind that the emphasis is on helping people get into the British skirmish scene.
Surprisingly, airsoft is a relatively cheap hobby to get involved in, especially when compared to other outdoor activities. Enough ammunition for a full days play (about 3000 BB’s) will cost £8-£12, and a very effective airsoft replica (a Chinese ‘clone’ AEG) can be bought for £150. It usually costs £20-£30 for admission to a day game. To rent a replica and face protection usually costs another £20. For such a fantastic full day out this is a very favourable cost. All you need to turn up with is some dark or military-style clothing and we recommend being study boots with ankle protection as well as gloves. When you get into the hobby you could easily find yourself spending thousands each year on posh replicas and kit, but this is personal preference; in reality skill will always win the day and this high end equipment only gives you a marginal advantage over someone who has spent the bare minimum.
The core of airsoft is honesty. When you are ‘dead’ you count as having been killed or incapacitated so that you may no longer participate in the battle until ‘re-spawned’ or ‘tagged in’.
You must shout “HIT!”, raise your arms and return to the respawn point, where more often than not you will be able to rejoin the game after a period of time, meaning new players needn’t worry about being killed early in the game and spending the day sat around like you often do in paintball. Sometimes you must stay ‘dead’ on the spot until healed by a ‘medic’. Other times you will have to wait for the next game to play again.
Respawn points (where you rejoin the game from after being hit) and medics can also be combined with allocating the player a limited number of ‘lives’. All rules are at the discretion of the game organiser and you’ll come across many variants and combinations, which keeps the games different and interesting.
The most common way of being ‘killed’ is when a BB fired from another person’s airsoft replica strikes your body. It does not count if it rebounds off of another surface, but a direct shot always counts. Whether it hits you hard or soft, or hits kit or limbs or armour, it’s all the same, you are dead.
Another way of being ‘killed’ is by pyrotechnics such as booby traps, simulated artillery or more commonly, grenades. Airsoft grenades are usually thrown devices which detonate a blank cartridge or are small single use pyrotechnics produced for airsoft, which you purchase on site for about £2.50 each.
If you are within a set radius of an explosive when it detonates, you are out. You will be informed of the radius by the marshals before the game begins, but is usually 3 meters. In a building, a grenade will usually count as eliminating all of the people in a room regardless of distance or cover.
Smoke grenades are available, when ignited these produce a cloud of smoke which you can use to cover yourself from enemy sight.
One of the first things people want to know about airsoft is how much it hurts.
The amount of pain you receive from a hit is totally dependent on your distance to the firer and where the BB hits you. If hit on exposed skin at close range it won’t penetrate your skin but it can draw blood, leave a red mark or really sting! At longer ranges you can be hard pressed to even tell you have been hit so must become aware of what a light hit sounds and feels like. Most of the time a hit to a vulnerable area feels like getting whacked on the skin by a rubber band; quite a sharp pain that can make you jump, but fades almost instantly, certainly a hit which you are still aware of a minute later is unusual. Unlike paintball, airsoft will not leave huge sore bruises. You will find that having to “take the initiative” and charge into an enemy position in the face of potentially painful return fire is what makes airsoft feel a thousand times more real than playing a computer game!
It’s not unheard of for people to suffer broken bones or impact injuries from falls but this is only to be expected in a high intensity game played over sometimes arduous terrain. Injuries are far less common than in mountain biking or football, for example. Airsoft game organisers do make every effort to mitigate risk, as such injuries are rare but when it comes down to it airsoft is an arduous outdoors sport that favours tough people!
A good standard of fitness in airsoft will certainly help you to win games. There are many people who are concerned that they might be too unfit to play airsoft, but this is not the case. If you are struggling to keep up then you can always decide to hang back and defend a static position, or in the worst case scenario you can drop out of play for as long as you want to and take a breather in the safe zone. Plenty of unfit people come to games and of course they are improving their health every time they do so, even more so if they push themselves, so poor personal fitness isn’t something which should discourage you from coming along.
Airsoft games are limited only by the game organiser’s imagination. They can range from live action role-play, weeklong continual games, science fiction games, fighting off zombie hordes, to bank robberies, historic re-enactments, full simulation of modern operations and everything in between. UK sites commonly play 40 minute games with a set objective to hold or retrieve and a start/respawn point for each team.
As it happens the UK has some of the highest standard of airsoft sites in the world – lucky you! Even in the US and Hong Kong, where they have very well founded airsoft communities, they consider British airsoft games to be some of the best. So when you turn up at a UK site you can never really know what the game organiser, and the enemy team, has in store for you!
Organised game areas are almost unlimited in their scope and terrain. Traditional ‘woodland’ sites are usually based in a private wooded area in the countryside, with a few temporary structures and objectives to fight over. Woodland sites can become muddy and sometimes involve arduous terrain, but offer great opportunities to blend into your surroundings and use field craft skills to outmanoeuvre and engage the enemy.
You will also find ‘urban’ sites, which may be based in old warehouses, office blocks, hospitals, military camps, power stations or even nuclear bunkers. These require a different style of play, and some special equipment such as torches can be of great help.
Most games will be typically held on a Sunday from 9am to 4pm. Games will very rarely be cancelled because the weather, so in this country you must always be ready to play in the rain and cold!
There are over 150 skirmish sites in the UK, and this number is always increasing. Sites will either be operated by a team of local airsoft enthusiasts or a franchise that owns multiple sites and/or shops.
Sites can be found throughout England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and on the Crown Dependencies of the Isle of Man and Guernsey. There are sites available in nearly every European country, if you wanted to play abroad.
Well run sites have public and employers liability insurance, toilets, water replenishment points, dedicated experienced marshals, a covered safe zone and first aid facilities.
It is legal to organise your own game on privately owned land that is away from the public, but there are many laws and risks which have to be considered. UKAPU recommends that you play at organised sites, especially when you are new to the hobby and unaware of all the issues. If you were to make a mistake in organising your own game, which resulted in an injury or criminal charges, or offence to local people, then it could easily be picked up by the media and hurt the whole hobby.
There are many dedicated airsoft retailers in the UK, some focus on on-line sales and others have physical shops. They may also also sell surplus, airsoft specific, after market or reproduction military gear. Have a look on the member benefits tab on this website for a list of great retailers who will provide UKAPU members with discounts and offers.
The United Kingdom Airsoft Retailers Association (UKARA) is a body which represents airsoft retailers. They administer a database which you can be registered on once you have become a skirmish site member. UKARA retailers can then check this database when you want to buy a RIF (a Realistic Imitation Firearm), which upholds their legal obligation to ensure that they only sell RIFs to airsoft skirmishers. It is also common for UK players to purchase airsoft equipment from big shops in Hong Kong.
Players often casually affiliate themselves with their local site and also form teams who play and fight together. Teams can be vary from being well drilled and with coordinated uniform to just a group of friends who go to games.
Players are represented by our organisation, the United Kingdom Airsoft Players Union (UKAPU). We stand up for players rights and allow their views to be taken into account.
The media, government and public can be surprisingly hostile to airsoft and many people want to see airsoft banned for spurious reasons. UKAPU can and does successfully work to counteract this negativity, but we are only strong when we have lots of members, which is why we ask that you join us when you start playing.
Since you’re here, reading an article on the UKAPU website, why don’t you consider joining once you find your feet?
Another important part of the UK airsoft community is the web. There are half a dozen large web forums, some popular news sites, Reddit and Facebook communities. The large amount of traffic on these web forums can be deceiving; in actual fact the large majority of airsoft players don’t use them. Even so, they are a great way to find out about the hobby and research equipment before purchasing.
Please view UKAPU’s links page for a concise list of great web links.
The honour based and high tech game of airsoft unsurprisingly came from Japan. In the 70’s they started using 6mm automatic airsoft replicas powered by external gas bottles as an alternative to paintball. The hobby’s popularity increased in Japan throughout the 80’s and several manufacturers started producing skirmishing equipment.
In the early 90’s Tokyo Marui produced an automatic electric gun (AEG) that ran on radio control car batteries, the convenience and effectiveness of which opened the doors for airsoft to spread globally. The Hong Kong airsoft scene is one of the largest outside Japan and most airsoft trading around the world is done through the many HK warehouses and distributors. In the early 00’s other manufacturers began to copy Tokyo Marui’s AEG design. This, plus advances in computer design and production techniques, has allowed Taiwanese, Chinese and Japanese manufacturers to turn out a bewildering array of airsoft replicas to suit all budgets. If you can think of a real gun, there is probably an airsoft version or conversion kit available to replicate it.
Airsoft had been played somewhat under the radar in the UK since the early 80’s, but in the mid 90’s lots of organised sites were created, the profile of airsoft increased and since then the hobby has grown at an exponential rate, despite hostile legislation.
Chances are you are very keen to buy an airsoft replica (if you have not done so already). In 2007 a bill was enacted called the violent crime reduction act, or VCRA. Before this act you could walk into a shop and buy an airsoft replica. Now things are a little more complicated but RIF’s (Realistic Imitation Firearms) are still available to almost everyone, if they get involved in airsoft.
A few sections of the VCRA focus on banning the sale and purchase (but not ownership) of RIFs, a category which includes realistically coloured airsoft replicas. After the airsoft community won the long battle against the government and because the abuse of replica firearms was nothing to do with replicas sold to airsoft skirmishers, the government allowed airsoft skirmishers and a few other groups a ‘specific defence’ against the act which allowed us to continue buying RIF’s. So if you are a skirmisher, you are allowed to buy airsoft replicas without restriction. You can get them from retailers in the UK, import them from overseas and buy them from to fellow skirmishers.
There are a number of interpretations as to what a skirmisher is. The most commonly accepted and safe method of becoming one is to attend 3 games at the same site over a time period of more than 2 months (so all 3 games can’t be within 2 months). Once you have done this, you may become a member of that skirmish site. To register on the UKARA database you must do the above at a UKARA registered site. You can send an application form off to a UKARA retailer once it has been stamped by your site and you will then be placed on the database. You can then purchase airsoft replicas from any UKARA retailer as they can instantly check that you are a site member by logging in to the database. UKARA registration is absolutely not mandatory for those wishing to buy RIF’s, but it there is no cost to add your details to their database (not to be confused with the membership fees which are charged by your site, if any). Just remember, site membership is the only thing that counts legally speaking, UKARA registration is meaningless in law.
Buying your first airsoft replica from a specialist UK airsoft shop is a good idea as they can help you pick the right replica and you are legally entitled to a refund if it is faulty and breaks within the first few games. Many shops will sort new players out with a starter package of magazines, batteries, a charger and a mask so be sure to ask them if they will do you a special deal. If not, shop around (remember to have a look at the list of shops which provide UKAPU member discounts and offers)!
Skirmishers can import airsoft replicas from overseas shops, but you must be able to prove that you are an airsoft skirmisher. UK Border Agency are able to check the UKARA database but if you are not registered with UKARA then Border Agency will often check directly with the owner of the site of which you are a member.
Second hand airsoft replicas can often be bought from web forums and at sites. These are, more often than not, in good condition and can be bought for a significant reduction from the new price. Again, the seller can ask a shop to check the UKARA database, but the verification which the seller will accept is entirely their decision. The seller could face criminal charges if they sold the RIF to a non skirmisher. Verifying entitlement to the specific defence is something which must be taken seriously. Many excellent second hand replicas can be found on the web forums listed on our links page. Buying a replica at a playing site is easier than doing it over the internet as the seller can see you playing a game and can see that you are buying it to use in a game, so they don’t won’t require further verification.
Keeping a diary of games you have attended, signed by the game organiser, may help to prove that you are a skirmisher. It certainly doesn’t hurt to have your own paper record to refer to. A ‘skirmish diary’ is also a nice record to keep.
If you are not yet a skirmisher then you are able to purchase ‘IFs’, which is an imitation firearm. IFs are regular airsoft replicas, but with the bodies painted in a bright colour or with a transparent body. These are often called two-tones. Once you are officially regarded as a skirmisher, you are allowed to paint them a realistic colour, or replace external parts with those which look more realistic. As you only have to attend 3 games, during which time you can make an informed decision about which replica you want, it is a much better idea to put off buying an airsoft replica until you are allowed to buy a RIF.
If you are under 18 you cannot legally purchase a RIF or IF, no exceptions. You can however, at any age, legally be given a RIF as a gift by an adult who is entitled to the specific defence. You can also be gifted an IF by an adult who is not entitled to the specific defence, hence the trend for younger players using IF’s gifted to them by non skirmishing parents, to avoid having to hire a replica until they turn 18. Under 18’s are allowed to ‘manufacture’ RIFs once they are entitled to the defence, that means to say that they themselves can paint their two tone black once they have become a skirmisher (many sites have junior membership schemes).
Being a member of the Police or armed forces changes nothing as regards the VCRA if you will be purchasing them for private use at skirmishes. Firearms licence holders are also no more entitled than anyone else. The exception is if they are being purchased by a law enforcement organisation for training purposes.
UKAPU members are encouraged to send an email to one of the addresses on our contact page if they are still unsure of how to comply with the VCRA.
In England, Wales and Scotland, with the commencement of the Policing and Crime Act 2017, the Firearms Act 1968 has been amended to define maximum power levels that Airsoft replicas are allowed to have.
Exceeding any of these limits could ultimately result in a prison sentence, depending on what has been exceeded.
In Northern Ireland, there is no specific exception for Airsoft – in this locality the maximum is 1J (as in Japan, Italy), although it is the intention of UKAPU and other organisations to resume lobbying/campaigning for a 1.3J/2.5J once the Stormont crisis has been resolved.
Most importantly to us skirmishers, it is an offence to brandish a replica firearm in a public place, or leave it in a place where it may be seen by the public. This still applies if the general shape of the replica can be deduced through its packaging, which is a very good reason to buy a gun case (also this will protect it in transit). You can use the original box that your replica came in, but these are bulky and of course have a picture of a gun on the outside which must be obscured. When transporting an airsoft replica you must have a valid reason to have it in public (even when it is fully covered). Taking it to a game, or to a shop to fix it are examples of valid reasons. You should carry the contact number for the airsoft game manager so, if you are stopped, the police officer can verify that you are on your way to a game. Showing a replica in public will cause alarm and will help the people who want to ban our hobby.
Needless to say it is a criminal offence to fire an airsoft replica at a non consenting person, or at an animal. You will also more than likely be banned from sites and ostracised from be a source of mockery for the community.
It is not illegal to display your airsoft replicas in your house, but if they can be seen through a window it could lead to you being reported to the police by a worried passer by, or you house being burgled and your equipment stolen.
If you have a run in with the Police which involves airsoft replicas it is quite possible that they will be ignorant of airsoft related law. Sadly, poorly conceived new laws are introduced by politicians at a fast rate and often officers are not adequately trained on how to implement them. It is however extremely rare that skirmishers draw the attention of the Police through legitimate activities. When police officers do get involved they are highly likely to be amicable and fair if you are cooperative and polite in return. If you do find yourself unfairly persecuted, which does happen, get in touch with UKAPU. We can’t always find time to help non members, but we always have our members backs.
All of the above laws apply to IFs (two tones) as well. They may look like toys but they are not toys in the eyes of the law.
If you would like to learn more about said legislation, please feel free to have a look at our Legislation FAQ, or if you would like to see formal definitions of the laws that cover Airsoft in the UK, please refer to our collection of legal documentation.
There are 4 main types of airsoft replica available, known as spring, electric, gas and high pressure air.
The vast majority of airsoft replicas are loaded with ammunition via magazines, in the same manner as real guns. Most modern airsoft replicas have the power system mounted internally so there are no wires or pipes connecting you to the replica and hindering your movement.
The most basic are spring powered replicas. They use a hand operated mechanism to pull a piston against spring pressure and lock it back, whilst loading a BB into the hop unit. The trigger releases the lock and allows the spring to push the piston through a cylinder, rapidly expelling the air inside the cylinder through the hop unit and accelerating the BB down the barrel.
This category includes cheap single shot pistols like the two tones you will see in hobby shops, but also include skirmishable weapons, such as shotguns and sniper rifles.
Spring shotguns are a viable alternative to an AEG, they can be effective and fun to use but require a higher skill level than automatic replicas.
Sniper rifles are the most common spring weapons found at skirmishes. These may fire BB’s to the same or greater range than a regular airsoft replica, depending on many factors, but the main reason to use them is that they can fire with greater accuracy than other airsoft replicas. It is advisable to forget about sniper rifles until you are able to use an AEG well. Most new players harbour a fantasy of being an elite sniper, but new players will fail miserably if they try and learn how to use a bolt action weapon before they have the skill to use an assault rifle in airsoft.
The most common replica found at skirmishes is the AEG, automatic electric gun. These are powered by a rechargeable RC car/plane type battery. They operate in the same manner as a spring powered replica, except that the piston is pulled back by a set of gears driven by an electric motor. As such the only input required from the player to unleash fully automatic fire is a pull of the trigger. They all have safety catches and most are capable of firing in fully automatic and semi automatic modes. Some can fire bursts of 3 or more rounds. They are simple to use and cheap to run, requiring you to simply recharge the battery at the end of the game day. Most are very reliable and low maintenance. These factors make AEGs by far the most popular type of airsoft skirmish replica.
Nearly every well known assault rifle or sub machine gun in the world has an AEG counterpart available. Typical AEG’s have a range of about 40 feet and fire 15-20 BB’s per second.
Electric pistols also exist and function in the same fashion, but they are relatively low powered.
Gas weapons store compressed propellant gasses and use a series of valves to release the gas into the hop unit. The BB is then propelled up the barrel as the gas expands. The gas is often contained in the magazine so that a fresh charge is placed into the replica at the same time as the BB reload. Gas weapons do not function well outside of British summertime as the gas will be at lower temperature (and thereby pressure) than was expected by the airsoft designers in East Asia. Gas weapons can also suffer from leakage in the magazine seals and require regular cleaning to function properly. Gas enthusiasts assert that the increased realism of the gas weapons function and its instant trigger response make up for these shortfalls.
The most common type of gas weapon is the gas blowback (GBB) pistol. These appear to function like a real pistol, the top slide moves sharply back when the trigger is pulled and you feel a certain amount of recoil. You will also see GBB rifles, which are less practical, more expensive and generally less reliable than AEG’s but offer an enjoyable firing experience.
You also find 40mm ‘grenade launchers’, often mounted under an AEG, which fire 24-1000 BB’s (dependant on size) in one shot from each grenade shell. These are only really effective in close quarters but the weight of fire will certainly intimidate your opponent!
Gas sniper rifles, non blowback (NBB) gas pistols and gas shotguns are also available but are less common.
The different propellent gasses available are commonly divided into 134a (lower power), green gas (higher power, increased strain on replica) and red/black gas (even higher power). Gas can be bought from shops or at the playing site. Different replicas are designed to use different power gasses. Some players use propane (normal camping stove gas) by using a special airsoft adapter on the can.
Any good airsoft replica is fitted with hop up. This clever mechanism is a chamber which forces an adjustable amount of backspin onto a BB when fired. When hop is correctly adjusted the BB will fly in a straight line for a long distance until it loses momentum and drops to the ground very quickly, rather than dropping in a constant arc over distance. Unlike a paintball marker you do not need to aim up and lob your shots onto your target, you can shoot straight and use the weapon sights (or even use a telescopic scope) to make accurate shots.
Airsoft replicas can be fitted with standard or mid capacity magazines, which feed 60-150 bb’s, (dependant on mag size), via a spring, like a real magazine. They are loaded by putting BB’s in the top of them with a loading tool. Mag capacity is often proportional to mag external size, so a larger calibre weapon like a 7.62 G3 has an airsoft mag that holds more than a small calibre 9mm MP5 mag. Some players prefer mags which hold the same number of BB’s as the real thing, known as real cap mags. Gas weapons use standard type mags but have a reduced capacity as some of the space in the mag is occupied by the gas reservoir.
The most popular mags for AEG’s are high capacity magazines, which hold a reservoir of 200-600 BB’s and feed them via clockwork style mechanism. ‘Hi-cap’ magazines are loaded by pouring BB’s into the opening at the top and require the player to wind the clockwork spring via a wheel on the bottom.
Closely related to Hi-caps are drum or box magazines, which are often found on support weapons. These utilise the same mechanism as hi-caps but have a bigger reservoir of 2000-6000 BB’s. Some of these magazines wind the feed spring by an electric motor.
The stock or fore grip of an AEG usually contains the battery.
The physical size of the cells in your battery usually determines how much charge it is rated to hold and thereby how many times it will fire your replica before it runs out. Charge capacity is measured in milliampere hours (mAh).
The number of cells determines the force that the replica can extract from that battery at a given time and thereby determines rate of fire and trigger response (measured in volts).
NiMH (nickel-metal hydride) are the ‘standard’ batteries which require a basic charger and are very safe to use. The disadvantage is that the large NiMH batteries are bulky and require a large space inside the AEG to store them (such as inside a solid stock). Small NiMH batteries overcome the size issue but do not last for long so you will find the battery will run out after 1000 rounds or so and you have to swap it mid game. AEG’s are usually designed to run on 8.4 volt NiMH batteries.
Lithium battery types (Li-Po, Li-ion, Li-Fe etc.) have combined the size of mini battery with a capacity of a large battery. Lithium batteries are somewhat volatile; if they are incorrectly charged or shorted out or punctured they will rapidly ‘balloon’, discharging noxious gasses and enough heat to start fires and melt plastics. As long as you are careful when handling the battery, plus you buy a quality battery and a quality charger with a cell balancer, you are unlikely to experience any problems. Lithium batteries will be permanently damaged if you run them till empty. You can fit an alarm in your replica which lets you know when your battery has dropped to critical capacity. As well as volts and milliampere hours a li-po battery has a C rating, the high C rating cells have a greater ability to satisfy rapid peak power demands.
Do not make the mistake of thinking that AEG range is affected by battery or motor power, only rate of fire and trigger response is affected. The spring moves the piston forward at the same distance at the same speed and is not related to the force supplied by the motor.
Some AEGs use a ‘proprietary’ battery, which is to say that the shape of the battery must be tailored to the space available in that particular replica.
Most skirmish quality ammo (BBs) is similar but you must always use skirmish quality ammo that can be bought from airsoft sites and shops. Sometime you can find cheap ammo in supermarkets and high street shops, but you should never use this as it will almost certainly jam in the barrel of a good quality replica, and can cause damage as a result. Some brands of skirmish quality ammo will still give erratic flight paths and some brands do not feed from magazines very well, but if you ask your fellow players you will soon find out which good brands are available and cheap at the moment (it changes year by year). You can always buy ammo on site but will be more expensive than if you buy it in bulk from a shop. Never ever reuse ammo that has been fired already; even if it looks undamaged it will have internal cracks and is likely to break apart in your replica when you try and fire it. Different weights of ammo are available but stick with 0.20g or 0.25g BBs; heavier ammo doesn’t really help you when using stock replicas at UK power limits. Airsoft BBs are available in anything from 0.12g to 0.50g.
6mm is the industry standard but a handful of 8mm replicas exist. AEG’s are almost always 6mm but may be advertised with 7mm and 8mm gearboxes. This is the size of the gear axle bearings and not the ammunition used.
Most airsoft replicas can be fitted with internal upgrades which may enhance the durability, rate of fire or range. Players will absolutely not need upgrades to be competitive and they can be hard to fit. In addition a new replica will be reliable for a long time if you do not mess with the internal parts, so for those two reasons we recommend that you forget about upgrades until you have been playing for a while.
You don’t need a replica right away and won’t be able to buy one right away either. We suggest you go to a site, rent a replica, ask people if you can look at theirs (they will often be keen to show off their shiny toys!) and make a decision based on first hand information.
That said, you are probably browsing websites for your first purchase already! Guns are cool and playing soldier is fun, you want to own a replica firearm ASAP and there’s nothing wrong with that, but if you have a little patience you will be able to get an awesome replica as opposed to rushing in and having to buy one painted up like a child’s toy!
Most importantly, you must enjoy the look and feel of your chosen replica!
Most assault rifles and SMGs fit into the above requirements, such as AK47, G36, MP5, SCAR, bullpup rifles (rifles with the magazine behind the pistol grip) and M4.
The quality of each brand can range from near perfect replicas to rough knock offs, and there are far too many brands to talk about here. If you can only afford a Chinese clone such as JG, D-boys or CYMA then that’s not a problem as more often than not they look good and the gearboxes are very durable. Be sure that any replica you purchase is under the legal limits for airsoft replicas in the jurisdiction you’re in, we recommend getting it chronographed at the shop when you buy it.
If you’ve bought an airsoft replica, you are going to be keen to get it out of the box and loaded up so you can shoot up some coke cans in the garden! The vast majority of airsoft replica injuries occur in the home (as the editor of this guide will testify), not on airsoft sites, and that includes the loss of an eye on a few occasions. You can virtually eliminate this risk by setting simple rules and never making exceptions.
Never insert the magazine and release the safety until you are completely ready to fire at a target.
Never leave your replica loaded and unattended.
Don’t ever point or fire your replica at someone who is not wearing protective equipment, even if you think it is unloaded.
When firing in your back garden, be aware of overlooking neighbours who may be alarmed by seeing your replica.
The shooter and observers should all wear eye protection in case of rebounding BBs (shooting against a draped towel will reduce mess and rebounds).
Be aware that BBs may damage things like furniture, plants, plaster and glass.
A few BBs often stay in the replica after removal of the magazine; it must be fired a few times in a safe direction after removal of the magazine, to clear them out.
Never under any circumstances look down the barrel of the replica or hold the end of the muzzle when pulling the trigger.
Pay particular attention to weapon safety when repairing and testing your replica as it is very easy to lose track of the safety condition after a jam or breakage.
Do not trust anyone with your replica when it is loaded if they have never been taught how to handle a firearm.
The idea is that in the home you should treat an airsoft replica like a real firearm. The core concept of firearms safety is to always treat a replica as if it it is loaded and ready to fire. Stupid accidents will happen to all players who become too casual with airsoft safety. Also, always fire your AEG on semi-auto with no magazine fitted before putting it away. This resets the firing mechanism and will help prevent your spring being weakened over time.
Your primary concern, the first item you should buy, is a face mask. Mesh goggles consist of a steel mesh which stops the BB and the only vision impairment is that the mesh makes the environment appear slightly darker. Lens masks and shooting glasses have a clear plastic viewing lens which allows greater visibility but tend to fog up during physical exertion. Thermal lenses and fan units in your goggles can reduce fogging. Not all eye protection you find in the world is BB proof so purchase eye protection rated for shooting, airsoft or paintball. Some ballistic glasses on some people’s faces will leave a gap which could let BBs in to your eye area so goggles may be preferable.
As you are probably aware, incorrect/dangerous use of an airsoft replica will easily cause catastrophic damage to eyes, but what most people don’t realise is that they will also shoot out your teeth with ease. For this reason, and to prevent unsightly hit marks on your face, you should wear a full face mask. These sometimes have goggles with integrated solid lower face protection, or you can purchase a lower face mask (often mesh) which straps to your face to compliment your goggles. You can wear a scarf or soft mask over your lower face but this may still not slow a BB enough to save your teeth. It is fashionable to wear eye protection with no lower face protection as it looks more authentic, however if you play like this for long enough then the risk of losing teeth becomes much higher and shattered teeth are not an uncommon sight at skirmishes, even though it is easy to prevent and can be extremely painful.
Also remember that you are provided with only one set of eyes – so make your safety purchases very carefully.
It is advisable to pick up a pair of army issue assault boots, perhaps from a surplus store. Soldiers who use them daily criticise them for being uncomfortable, but you will probably be using them once a month so they will be entirely tolerable. Once broken in they will give you great traction and ankle protection and will last for years if cleaned and stored correctly. After market (non military issue) boots in the same price range as assault boots will barely last a year before they fall apart.
Boots are worth the investment to keep your feet dry, warm, increase you grip and protect your ankles. Trainers are a poor choice, especially in woodland games; they ruin your camouflage, look stupid and significantly increase the chance that you will sprain or break you ankle (painfully sprained ankles are the most common injury in airsoft). It is the same as buying a mask; if you buy a gun before you buy boots then you have made a big mistake.
For you first few games a dark coloured hoodie and some old jeans will be sufficient, but the big attraction of airsoft for many people is dressing up in cool kit and generally looking like a badass.
You can obtain the equipment and uniform of practically any army in the world, past or present, if you are willing to pay for it. You can even have your kit custom made. There are always sheep-like uniform trends which come and go but you are not obliged to wear anything in particular unless you go to an unusual scenario day where you have to represent a particular fighting force.
You may be tempted to get a full set of uniform and kit before your first game but you may then find that your local site or you play style doesn’t fit what you had in mind, so it is much more sensible to get something cheap from an army surplus store and upscale your gear later on.
The best stuff you can get in the UK is British DPM. It is cheap, hard wearing, good camouflage and comfortable. The market is flooded with excellent quality DPM due to the introduction of MTP to the British armed forces a few years ago. You should start by getting a shirt or jacket and a pair of trousers. If you are not buying a set of load carrying equipment (LCE) look for a jacket with pockets that you can put your spare ammo and magazines into.
Assault vest: Covers your entire torso like a regular vest, maximising area available for pouches.
Plate carrier: So named because they are designed to hold armour plates in the real world, these usually wrap around your waist and sides like a big chest rig with an additional small panel higher on your chest.
In the last decade ‘Molle’ has become a firm favourite system for real and airsoft LCE. It takes the form of vests and carriers with no pouches; instead they are covered with horizontal loops of material at set spaces to which you attach special pouches. Pouches of every conceivable size and shape are available, these have matching loops and vertical strip of material which is woven through the pouch and vest loops. The end result is that you can constantly re-configure your entire LCE for personal preference or endlessly alter it to suit each game or weapon system.
It is a good idea to purchase LCE in a solid colour such as black, brown or green. When you buy jacket/trousers in a new camo pattern you may then need to replace your LCE too, if you have bought LCE in a specific camouflage pattern.
All players, especially new ones, should also be wary of wearing all enclosing or thick skinned LCE such as assault vests as it is very difficult to feel hits through them. You must learn to tell when you have been hit from sounds and other signs, not so easy if you don’t yet know what it’s like to be hit!
Wearing a pair of gloves is a good idea as it hurts when you get shot on the hand, cheap ones will suffice in the short term so long as you can still safely handle your airsoft replica.
A hat or head wrap is advisable as headshots can hurt. Headgear will also improve your camouflage, but it is not mandatory. Be conscious of how a hat may interface with your goggles.
When you start playing more seriously you may want to buy a waterproof ‘Gore-Tex’ jacket and a warm clothing layer, in case you get caught out in the rain or have to wait for game start in the cold. You will shrug off most of the effects of cold and damp when you exert energy in game, but if you really get caught out and become uncomfortable then you will find that your performance drops dramatically. Worst of all, you might cease to enjoy the game.
First, find an airsoft site to go to. There are many excellent directories out there, including the one provided by Airsoft Nation.
Next, book yourself in, usually by emailing the game organiser from their website.
It is highly recommended that you drag a friend or two along to split fuel costs (you might get lucky and your friend might get into airsoft as well). Don’t worry about bringing a big group of people like you often have to with paintball, in airsoft you will always team up with other players on site. If your group doesn’t have access to a car, then unfortunately it may be difficult to play airsoft long term as airsoft sites are usually in the middle of nowhere.
So it’s a Sunday morning, and you are off to your first game. This is the most important step you can take. So many people just never get as far as going to a game. There are thousands of people who waffle endlessly about how they are going to play airsoft, but lack the enthusiasm to go to a game! Once you get there you will want to go again and again, but the thought of getting up early on a Sunday and spending £40 on a day out can stop many people coming, even if they have booked in. If you sacrifice one otherwise wasted Sunday and commit less cash than a night out, you will quickly find yourself part of an enriching, rewarding hobby where you will meet (and shoot) some great people and have some memorable adventures!
Bring a bottle of water and some lunch if food isn’t provided. You will certainly need to drink water throughout the day even if it’s cold out.
Try and turn up before 9am. Game briefings usually commence at 10am, so this gives you an hour to chat with the local players, and if you’ve requested a “hire gun” – be issued with your replica for the day, load up and fire a few times on the range. At around 10am, the head marshal will brief everyone for the day. It is very important that you pay attention to this brief, as they may mention game and safety rules that are unique to that site. Safety briefing and first game setup should take no longer than half an hour. Usually you will have an hour break for lunch, food is sometimes provided. Depending on how hard games have been the staff will usually call it a day between 4pm and 5pm. The players are usually tired by this point and beginning to pack up anyway!
At a minority of sites you will stay away from the safe area all day, or more often not return to it till lunch. Ask one of the Marshall if this is will be the case, if it is then you will have to take all of your stuff with you. At a few small sites you will may be returning to the safe area after every game.
Never load your replica in the safe zone, and always wear goggles when in the playing area. Marshals will direct you and you must always obey their commands. If in doubt, have your goggles on and replica unloaded. When testing an unloaded AEG to see if the battery is working always cover the muzzle by poking it into your boot or your kit.
We will refrain from explaining in great detail the rules most sites employ, but the one thing to bear in mind is to not shout “Man down!” whenever you have been eliminated in a game.
“Man down” is an emergency call almost always reserved for when a player has become injured during a skirmish, and requires medical attention by the on-site first aider. When this is called, you will often hear a shout for “ceasefire” which will require you to make your replicas safe.
You must follow the direction of the marshals when it comes to safety.
To take the next step into airsoft skirmishing please take a look at the links on our website and look at joining UKAPU. We can’t continue to support and encourage new players without players supporting us. All of us at UKAPU are out there fighting for airsoft players rights.
If you have any comments on this guide please do not hesitate to let us know. Any positive comments will happily be accepted and any negative comments will be begrudgingly accepted and we’ll try to figure out how to take those comments on board.
Although many people will display an interest in airsoft, very few of them actually have the confidence and motivation to turn up to a game. We at UKAPU hope you take the plunge and attend an airsoft game one day – and who knows, maybe you’ll stay, maybe you won’t, maybe you’ll become a rather valued member of our amazing community.
Originally by Matt Furey-King and painfully curated by David Weston and the rest of the UKAPU committee, with images from UKAPU members past and present (including the curator and his friends), Graham and Darwin from Airsoft Nation, Snoopys Snaps and Airsoft Addict. We hope you have not fallen asleep too many times. | 2019-04-19T15:05:52Z | https://www.ukapu.org.uk/resources/guide-to-airsoft/ |
Can a phablet feel like a regular sized handset? The Galaxy S8+ delivers a bigger screen in a thinner overall shell, but were compromises made to achieve this "infinity" display?
Just when I thought I was done with big phones, Samsung drags me back in. There’s an obvious commentary happening here. The return story. The rebuilding. Samsung’s comeback. This company weathered a brutal public disaster last year. An opportunity for other manufacturers to steal some limelight, but unsurprisingly, most affected consumers opted to stay in the Galaxy ecosystem. Minus a feature like the S-Pen, the Galaxy S8+ seeks to further reward the Samsung faithful. We get a new big-screen phone that heavily features a radical new form factor. That big screen comes with big specs, and a big price tag is along for the ride.
It’s a bit obvious to declare that this will be one of the top sellers of 2017, but has Samsung successfully made the argument for why consumers should spend this much money on mobile device?
From our first time holding it, to my first day playing with it, to now, this design continues to impress. For color options, black is striking, but personally, the gray is my favorite for an attractive and professional looking gadget. Shame we don’t get a blue option for this phone.
This hardware aesthetic remains visually appealing weeks after launch. Symmetrical curved sides playfully confuse your fingertips into thinking this phone is thinner than it really is. It’s actually thicker than the LG G6 by .2mm, but it FEELS thinner thanks to the contouring. That’s a neat trick.
It fits in the hand terrifically well, and this is the easiest time my stumpy thumb has had with lateral swipes on a phablet. However, I find I need to slide the phone around quite a bit for basic navigation. You slide the phone up to unlock, then down for navigation controls, then up for notification shade. This thing always feels like it’s balanced on the least amount of fingertip surface I can comfortably utilize.
It’s a stunning look which should be admired under museum lighting, but we still can’t shake some of the traditional concerns we’ve had using glass back devices and edge curved displays. It’s an age-old debate in our comments, case or no case. The S8+ doesn’t help move the needle at all on those opposing viewpoints. For my personal use, this design mandates using a case or skin. I’m the guy rolling around in the dirt, and holding the phone over highway overpasses, to produce camera reviews. The S8+ is too slippery for me to use naked (the phone naked, not me naked).
Using the camera is a perfect example of this ergonomic consideration. You hold the phone on impressively thin edges, while also accurately interacting with on-screen controls. The user is focusing more on taking the photo than on holding the phone. It’s a great recipe for a quick move, or a careless gesture, to send the phone flying. Samsung’s design is incredible, but additional money will be spent to recover the thicker sides and edges found on competing devices.
Bumps and drops are all normal aspects of lifestyle abuse, what our phones need to survive over the life of a multi-year commitment. Gorilla Glass 5 has proven to be a durable performer, but the Galaxy’s curves provide more surface area to wreck your day with a fairly common lifestyle issue like dropping your phone. Another timeless gadget debate, how much attention does our phone demand and how well should it blend into the background of our day. In early use, the S8+ demands more of your attention in holding the phone than the flat edged Galaxies of Samsung’s past.
Jaime has successfully “tested” this durability several times on the smaller S8, but we’ve also reported the concerns from third party labs that rate this phone as more of a risk. We’re also not terribly impressed with the solutions other companies have delivered for screen protectors. This isn’t a deal breaker for prospective S8+ owners, but it’s an idea which should be discussed when summing up this investment.
The inclusion of IP68 water resistance is always appreciated though. Samsung was ahead of the curve for protecting phones against moisture damage, and continue to celebrate that focus. It’s disappointing that this kind of guard is not more common on competitor’s handsets. I still find it kind of amazing to see open ports on a phone which handily survives being completely submerged.
We’ve well documented the technology packed into this phablet. It’s about as cutting edge a collection of specs as we should expect for 2017. Only the RAM junkies in our audience stand to be disappointed. North American owners will see the Qualcomm Snapdragon 835, while the rest of the world will receive Samsung’s Exynos 8895 chipset. We were hoping to see more parity this year, but from early benchmarking, the Exynos continues to deliver a consistent bump in performance over the Snapdragon. Even for this disparity, the 835 at least catches Qualcomm up to the horsepower we’ve been enjoying for a while now on the Huawei Mate 9 and P10.
The improvements to storage capacity will be appreciated by all. Other phones have pushed into 64GB territory, but now that Samsung has arrived, it sets a clear bar for other manufactures to reach on premium phones. The S8 had its own minor scandal in terms of disclosing what kind of storage was used. This phone might ship with UFS2.0 or UFS2.1 storage chips. Between the two phones in my possession, my S8+ is using the faster UFS2.1 storage, while my smaller S8 has the slower UFS2.0 chips.
The difference in read speeds can be around 40%, no small discrepancy, but even at the slow end, this isn’t a disastrous situation for “losing” the hardware lottery. It’s not as significant a difference as the selection of components one might get in RAM and storage on a Huawei P10 for example.
A small hardware gripe, the Galaxy’s home button has a vibration sensor to mimic the tactile response of hardware, but it doesn’t pulse consistently. Sometimes I press hard expecting the haptic feedback. When the pulse doesn’t happen, my thumb lingers, which then launches my Google Assistant instead. More often than not, I’ll swipe around the screen to get the navigation bar to pop back up, then tap on a home button. The idea is appreciated, trying to maintain the feel of hardware, but the execution is inconsistent. It doesn’t seem to bring much benefit over pure software controls. Lightly touching the home button delivers exactly the same functionality as “force pressing” the home button area. It’s one area I wish Samsung had been a bit more “inspired” by the tactile response on the iPhone 7.
Losing the front hardware button means the front fingerprint sensor is also gone. That biometric security feature clumsily moved to the rear of the phone. Using the phone for a week now, I still smudge my camera on the regular. My early teething pains in unlocking have mostly been ironed out, though the phone still prefers my right index finger to my left. We receive many comments from folks who think that this move is no big deal.
To a degree, we agree. It’s a situation that will improve as your muscle memory is retrained. We still feel its relevant to point out that this is awkward design for such an expensive phone. Playing with center positioned sensors on entry level phones, it’s tough to not be irked by this tiny blemish on the S8+. It stands in contrast to how this manufacturer is praising a symmetrical design. Like a tiny little rock in your shoe on a long hike, it’s yet another vote in favor of using a case, to quickly retrain your finger where to reach.
I still find it hilarious that Samsung has a camera pop up, warning you not to smudge your lens, not that they couldn’t have helped us out there with a better hardware position.
I do need to deliver a small retraction from my first impression video, that I was disappointed in not having a notification shade gesture on this sensor. Of course this gesture is included. I just couldn’t find it in my first 12 hours of use and setup. It’s still not as full featured as what’s included on a phone like the Mate 9, but I’m happy to have this ergonomic consideration on a bigger phone.
The counter argument to the fingerprint sensor is to train the iris scanner, so you don’t have to smudge your camera. The performance is incredibly fast to unlock in all but backlit conditions, but it’s a much more deliberate an action. I’d prefer the phone be unlocked before I hold it up to my face. A fingerprint sensor is a purely tactile gesture, implemented as the phone is being pulled from a pocket or purse. Pairing over Bluetooth with Trusted Devices like my car or a smartwatch has pretty much eliminated when I might use that iris scanner.
That brings us to this new AMOLED. A 6.2” WQHD+ screen with an 18.5:9 aspect ratio. It’s huge, just slightly besting the 5.9” Mate 9 for overall area. It makes a mockery of the forehead and chin bezels on an iPhone 7 Plus. If you’ve got HDR content to stream, do it. This screen will handle HDR beautifully. This is a very good display, with excellent contrast, and best in class outdoor brightness.
A small concern, on the Galaxy S7, switching the display to basic mode used to deliver one of the most color accurate screens on any phone we’ve tested. The S8’s color processing is downright ruddy by comparison, and users should probably stay in some kind of adaptive mode. Samsung is pushing out software updates to help address this issue, but our review S8+ has yet to receive that tune up.
Oddly, the phone pops out of the box using a lower than native resolution. Ostensibly this has been done for better performance and power management, which we’ll cover later in this review. There’s nothing wrong with this in theory, but I would have preferred some kind of disclosure, or option to change this, during the initial set up. Many phones now include screen resolution options in power saver modes, but those are up to the user to activate when needed. Those modes are not activated by default out of the box. Why pay for all these pixels if we’re not really going to use them?
The spirit of Touchwiz lives on. Nearly every aspect of this phone has been touched, skinned, or tweaked. Some of these changes are comically unnecessary. Like sliding up to get the app drawer, then laterally to get app pages. Is it a big deal? Nope. You’ll get used to it, but WHY change directions for navigating a core UI element?
The brightness controls in your notification shade are another example. Toggling auto brightness requires an extra menu tap, which slides two toggles for you to adjust, instead of the usual option next to the slider. Changes like these don’t add anything to the experience, instead often adding a step. It’s different just for the sake of being different.
Menus, settings, UI elements. They all have that special Samsung twist to them. Though switching to a dark theme, I still couldn’t find a way to change the notification shade. The screen gets plenty dim for night use, but I’m still not a fan of that bright white notification slide.
For all this customizing, Samsung still hasn’t quite answered the question of WHY we need this taller screen. More area is great, but what do we really get for it? Games and videos will likely be cut off at the corners, the camera app is a sea of wasted space, and we’re reaching farther for corner mounted ui elements.
There are improvements. You will see more content in your browser, and in vertically scrolling apps (if you manually increase your screen resolution). Samsung does feature some of the best split-screen multitasking available, easily shifting the size of apps on your display, but it’s not so much better than an LG G6 that we would call that a purchasing recommendation.
Samsung’s answer for productivity is one we’ve seen since the S6 days. The edge screen panel, now slightly more evolved, for customizing at a glance content and shortcuts. In using a ton of other phones, I keep forgetting it’s there, but people using the S8 as a permanent daily driver will probably better enjoy quick access to shortcuts. This feature has grown significantly over the last two years. There are numerous options now for edge panels, delivering a number of different options, no matter what content is currently on your screen.
Game Center also returns as a handy way to capture game play, but with recent improvements to Youtube Gaming and Google Play Games, we’d probably recommend the Google apps over Samsung’s custom solution. It works well for capturing game play, but it’s a separate Samsung solution which sits just outside Google’s services. These menus do provide quick access to screen and resolution options though. Games which aren’t broken by the curved screen corners, can quickly toggle aspect ratio from Game Center.
Unfortunately, we can’t comment much on Bixby. It’s not done yet, and we have to ding Samsung here the same way we dinged HTC for the U Ultra’s missing AI. This is such an important feature that there’s a dedicated button for it, but it wasn’t ready for launch, so our review remains incomplete. If using bixby vision is any early indication, we’re not entirely impressed with Samsung’s digital assistant strategy.
As it stands, I’ve already disabled the Bibxy home page, which just lags the phone in one of the most important areas for smooth performance. Just like Flipboard for previous generations of Galaxies. The Bixby cards page is another area which needs some polish. Pushing the dedicated button, it can take around a second before we see a welcome page, then several more seconds before the screen is populated with content. After that, trying to scroll, Bixby is one of the most consistent areas where we encounter lag and stuttering.
Lastly for software, I was a bit disappointed to see the S8 ship with Android 7.0, as more phones are arriving with 7.1. This hasn’t given me a lot of hope that Samsung can leverage carrier relationships for more timely updates. This phone is expensive, and has hardware which should help improve battery performance, but we’re denied some of the refinements found in Android 7.1. We’ll just have to be ok with heavily skinned devices lagging behind the updates on phones with leaner builds of Android.
Taking a closer look at performance, it’s very good, if about par for a Samsung phone. This is bleeding edge hardware, but Samsung has a LOT running on this device. We’re using an unlocked phone, without carrier bloat. There are numerous Samsung services running, like the edge customizations. The general UI and app performance is snappy, but phones with less powerful hardware, and less customization, often feel comparable, or even a touch faster.
This hardware is overkill for the communication basics. The true test often arrives with gaming and multimedia benchmarks. Firing up a poorly optimized for Android game like Marvel Future Fight, the S8+ delivers the smoothest, most fluid frame rates we’ve ever seen on Qualcomm hardware. Getting into busy gameplay moments however, we think Huawei’s Kirin 960 still has a slight lead. A quick note on this game, I use Future Fight BECAUSE it’s poorly optimized. It’s a test of brute force heavy lifting. Better optimized games will obviously run smoother. A huge graphics intense game like Implosion is an absolute screamer on this phone.
LTE performance is generally excellent around Los Angeles on AT&T. The S8+ regularly bested the LG G6 using Android’s built-in reception gauge. That was also mirrored in faster downloads running some speed tests around town.
However, WiFi performance was nearly identical to the G6 when testing from the edges of my condo. Often the LG would post a minor lead in reception, but one so minor it could easily be within the margin of error for the app we use to test signal strength.
We’ve already produced our Real Camera Review for the S8, and it’s the most in-depth examination of photo and video performance available on the internet. We’d highly recommend watching the above video if you’re curious about what this 12MP camera can really do, especially the conclusion to that video at 14 minutes in. As a brief summation here, if you don’t like the Samsung aesthetic of popping saturation and sharpening, the S8 won’t do much to change your mind. Shots are juicy and crisp, if maybe a touch exaggerated.
Otherwise, we’ve got a terrific all-rounder. It’s a low light champ, with excellent autofocus performance, and lightning fast autofocus. However, it only stands as a minor improvement over the S7 which came before it.
Like the G6, one of my favorite improvements has little to do with the actual output of the camera, but more the fact that this camera module is now completely flush with the rear housing. It’s an impressive feat which more manufacturers will hopefully learn from.
We also have a Real Audio Review available, and a separate review of the included ear buds. Earbuds which are not made by AKG, but prominently feature the branding which Samsung acquired in their acquisition of Harmon.
Happily, this whole system represents a noticeable upgrade in speaker and headphone quality over the S7. The conceit last year, enhanced water resistance was the culprit for the S7’s dull sound, but the iPhone 7, LG G6, and now the S8 show you can have water protection and solid audio. A top tier speaker, compared against other mono speaker phones, and a more competitive headphone jack were long overdue. The S8+ won’t reach the prowess of an HTC 10, LG V20, or the Axon 7, but it’s no longer bottom mid-tier sound on a premium priced gadget.
One thing we didn’t cover in our Real Audio Review, Samsung’s EQ tweaking is a convenient way to tailor playback for folks who are into that kind of thing. It’s really easy to use, so if you’re not quite impressed with the audio out of the box, these options should help you dial in the color you prefer.
Our usual pairing of battery tests, the S8+ pulled very normal numbers for draining and recharging. Streaming thirty minutes of HD video over WiFi, at a screen brightness of 190 Lux, resulted in 5% battery drain. Ahead of the G6, and right in line with phones like the Pixel XL. The S8+ falls behind the larger battery capacity in the Mate 9 (4%). It’s still a short way off from combating the iPhone 7 Plus (3%), which is our current battery champ.
Recharge rates we’re similarly mid pack. Thirty minutes on the included charger delivered a 29% top off. Well ahead of the glacially slow iPhone (19%), just behind the Pixel XL (37%), but faces a significant loss again to the larger battery in the Huawei (57%).
This is a conservative generation for Samsung in terms of battery tech. After last year’s drama, caution was probably the right play this year. This phone will be more closely scrutinized than any other phone released in 2017. The S8+ had very few issues lasting a day with moderate to heavy use, light users should easily be able to hyper mile two days out of this battery. In my day to day routine, it easily lasts past dinner time, but I am plugging it in every night when I go to bed. While it’s not the fastest phone we’ve ever recharged, a short stint on a charger should give you a healthy top off when you need it.
Expanding on the battery, how it relates to this new screen, we wanted to take a closer look at the resolution, and how that might affect run time. Pushing our video streaming test to one hour for each resolution setting, we only saw significant gains when dropping resolution down to 720p. The drain between 1080 and 1440 was nearly identical. Anecdotally, we also didn’t see much, if any difference in performance. We’re not quite sure why this was such a priority for Samsung, reducing resolution out of the box, or why there was no disclosure during device set up.
So let’s wrap this up. Where’s that leave us with the Galaxy S8+?
We’re looking at what is sure to be one of the bestselling phones of 2017. Jaime is tackling a separate review of the smaller S8, but in early sales data, it looks like the S8+ has a slight lead. Probably a combination of the phone’s thinner width, the exciting new form factor, and the population of people who were left in the lurch by the Note 7’s absence.
This is a stunning example of design, but it leaves us with a few philosophical questions. What does this screen deliver that can’t be done on a smaller display? Sure, we all supposedly hate bezels, but the sea of empty space in the Samsung camera app, isn’t that just as bad? Google apps are fairly aware of these new aspect ratios, but Samsung’s own apps often fail to make productive use of this area. We’re waiting to see if third party developers will embrace this hardware. Will devs simply shift app controls around (would be useful for the above picture)? To dodge the curved corners of the S8+, will we trade bezels for unused strips of pixels?
Including more powerful hardware is great, but right now all Android manufacturers, not just Samsung, would benefit more from better software optimization. The experiments we’ve been playing with from Huawei, OnePlus, and the Pixel point to the true lifestyle improvements we should expect from better hardware and software synergy.
One of the most concerning elements of this phone, it feels like there’s a lot of untapped potential here. As a general rule, we tend to avoid making technology purchasing recommendations based on potential. Instead, we try to highlight what a gadget can do at the exact moment you buy it. Sometimes that untapped potential is realized, and that’s like getting a bonus for your cash. However, when you base a purchase on potential, and that potential is left unfulfilled, that feels like a financial loss.
That’s a precious question to ask on a phone which starts at $850. The S8+ certainly delivers a spec sheet arguing for that price tag. No question, there’s a lot packed into this gadget. Only you and your wallet can determine if you are really going to get the full return on this investment.
This phone makes a radical first impression. Striking design, and impressive screen to body ratio, but we are left waiting to see when developers will take advantage of this real estate. Big specs on paper, but the big price tag might make this a more difficult recommendation for folks who won't use all the features. | 2019-04-21T09:12:26Z | https://pocketnow.com/samsung-galaxy-s8-plus-review |
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