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2019-04-22T13:11:46Z
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http://hd4arab.tk/andreas-flock-casino.html
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Exams have always scared us as kids. Even as adults, how often have we squirmed at the thought of a test? Direct question-answer assessments for many of us, in fact, are dull at their best and intimidating at their worst. The anxiety before a test even brings down performance for some of us. Is it a surprise then that this unrest for assessments extends into the e-learning world?
As a learner journeys towards the close of an already intensive e-learning experience, the stress to perform well in the assessment could get compounded with the monotony of moving through a long chain of questions. This can cause the assessment to seem like an unavoidable burden.
However, assessments cannot be done away with. They form an integral part of the learning cycle and help to reinforce learning, instill learner confidence and foster satisfaction. They are also an essential component of measuring the level of learning that is realized. How then do we make assessments more appealing?
An interesting option that is gaining popularity.
The magic of games is that they get the player hooked. We’ve all experienced this at least once in our lives. Good games are fun and engaging, and motivate players to try until they succeed.
So why not leverage these features and revamp assessments to be less like question papers and more like games? The desire for victory that a game would set off in a learner could then be used to elicit competent performance.
Gamification can be achieved in many different ways. Let’s take a look at five simple ideas for gamifying post-assessments.
The simplest touch of gamification in an assessment would be to add in the basic game elements of points, rewards, and badges. Design the assessment such that points are accumulated for every correctly answered question, rewards are granted at fixed checkpoints, and upon test completion, a badge is bestowed upon the learner based on the overall score.
Display a “points counter” on screen so the learner can see their performance quantified and, as a result, be motivated to do better as they move along.
Include rewards at periodic intervals during the assessment for further motivation. The rewards could be based on varied parameters like number of correct answers given (E.g. An ‘Expert Reward’), speed of answering correctly (E.g. An ‘Express Reward’), or displaying proficiency in particular areas within the content (E.g. A ‘Claims Expert’ reward for a Claims System course).
To increase relevance and enthusiasm, for badge names, use terms or ideas from the learner’s role in their organization or from the course content (E.g. ‘Service Management Guru’ for a service management course). Fashion the badges to look like actual artifacts the learner would receive within their organization.
Including partly correct answers that fetch partial points or wrong answers that deduct points increases the engagement and the challenge. Further, tangible rewards, badges, and certificates are a few other ways of encouraging learners.
In case of a curriculum, points the learner gains (or even rewards/badges) can carry forward from course to course and result in the learner winning a final award or trophy.
Making an assessment flexible such that the learner is allowed to switch between questions can be a way to comfort them, to allow them some degree of control over an otherwise rigid activity, and to enhance their engagement and motivation. If the learner is unable to answer even after a swap, it can suggest to them that their learning was insufficient and can hence urge them to learn again thoroughly.
If there are points for each correct answer, intensify the challenge by deducting points for a question swap.
As a corollary to the tactic above, award extra points for consistently refraining from a question swap.
Frame questions carefully so that even if swaps are offered, the learner is still tested in all the areas that the course content has covered.
Being completely self-driven as they are, e-learning courses tend to be solitary journeys. While this has its benefits, turning a few aspects of a course into shared experiences can also prove to be useful. For assessments, it brings in the excitement of a group activity and infuses a healthy competition. One effective way to achieve that is through leaderboards that announce top scorers.
Display the latest leaderboard right before a learner starts to take the assessment. This will introduce the competition factor from the beginning of the assessment and motivate the learner to make it onto the board.
After the learner completes the assessment, display the updated leaderboard.
If the learner makes it onto the board, it will instill confidence and foster satisfaction.
If not, they will be driven to retake the assessment (sometimes only after retaking the course) so they can do better.
Against the leaders’ names, display the number of points gathered, rewards earned and badges procured to add more exciting facets to the competition.
A variety of puzzles can be used as or alongside questions to stimulate the learner to solve them and keep them focused on completing the assessment successfully.
Gather assessment questions with one-word or two-word answers and create a single crossword puzzle that includes them all. Convert the questions into crisp clues and hide their answers in the crossword for the learner to unravel.
Introduce an unsolved jigsaw puzzle at the start of the assessment with most pieces missing. Offer one piece for each correctly answered question. The drive to complete the puzzle can work as a motivating factor for the learner to continue with the assessment and get questions right. To maintain relevance, keep this jigsaw related to the course content. It could be interesting good-to-know information or a useful job-aid.
Integrate a hangman game into the assessment so that the hangman stick-figure builds a piece each with each incorrect answer. The hangman completes once the count of incorrect answers crosses a fixed number. This can turn even a plain question-answer assessment into something fun.
Post-assessments can also be completely game-based, wherein the entire assessment is a single game rather than a set of individually gamified questions. In this approach, questions are woven into the game’s mechanics and the learner answers them in order to progress through the game.
Throw in a dash of luck into the assessment by converting it into a board game. The learner can virtually roll a pair of dice and progress through the places on the board, each of which will have a question for the learner to answer.
Keep the contents of the board game relevant to the course.
Design the board in such a way that the more accurate the learner’s answers are, the more likely they are to get farther ahead.
Move the learner back for wrong answers, push them bonus places forward for consistently answering correctly, and include other game elements or board strategies to make the game more exciting and engaging.
A key benefit of gamified post-assessments is that if the learner doesn’t win at the end, they are persuaded to retake the course and attempt the gamified assessment once more. Essentially, this results in focused and outcome-driven learning.
Besides intensive instructional and graphic effort, gamifying post-assessments typically requires considerable technological support. The tracking and display of gamified elements needs to be programmed into the e-learning course. Such technical dependencies and their feasibility needs to be identified at the outset of solution design.
The five ideas presented above provide a mere glimpse into the numerous approaches and methods that can be devised to gamify post-assessments. Don’t stop at a single idea. Gamification combinations can be used in assessments as well. The learner, however, must not be overwhelmed by it all. While being sufficiently complex and challenging, gamification must not cause a cognitive overload.
In diligently gamified assessments, learners don’t just pass tests, but win them. Start gamifying assessments today, and give learners a chance at celebrating their learning!
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2019-04-22T15:36:01Z
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https://www.newgen-ent.com/2018/01/22/5-simple-ideas-gamifying-post-assessments/
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Don’t you hate it when the pictures you get back from your print service or from your printer just don’t look like what you saw on your screen? Understanding color calibration still remains one of the most frequent questions we get.
Colors are very perceptually driven. What you and I mean when we think of a red car may vary between the bright red of a Porsche and the wine red of a Dodge minivan. Last year we talked about the difference in “color spaces”, as hopefully you will recall. sRGB, AdobeRGB and ProPhoto RGB are all attempts to map the larger range of colors our eyes can see into electronic instructions our monitors and printers can display or reproduce. We know that making sure your camera accurately records the colors depends on having your white balance correctly set in camera or by correcting it through the use of something like the xrite Passport, which Roger and I both use.
When you are sitting in front of your monitor(s) looking at an image, there are a lot of factors which influence how it looks. First, is the ambient light; if you are sitting in a brightly lit room it takes more power on your monitor to make the image stand out. Ideally, you should work in a room with controlled and consistent light, and it should be fairly dim. Second, you need to consider what color are your walls? Seriously, the reflected light will influence the colors you see on your screen. Finally, we get to your monitor. Hopefully by now you have upgraded to LED monitors. They have much more even light and it provides much finer controls. Additionally, they don’t require warm up time to settle in. One of the first things you should do, is turn down the brightness level of your screens. Remember, prints are seen in reflected light not in the backlight glory of electronics. Next it is important to actually calibrate your monitors. It’s important to do this regularly; I try and do it every two weeks. Now the new very high end monitors come with built-in calibration sensors which automatically communicate with the controls. Since I don’t have $3K hanging around for those kinds of monitors, I take a much more practical approach.
Tools such as the Spyder line, range from monitor only, to monitor and printing devices. The lens hangs over the screen and the software generates color commands. The sensor reads the screen and helps you adjust the monitors RGB values. Lots of people ask about calibrating their laptop monitors. In my opinion, it is almost a waste of time. Laptop screens are far less accurate just because of the additional stresses inherent in their design. First, your color perception depends on viewing angle, second screen brightness is subject to power stability and often is impacted by how much power the computer is using elsewhere in the system. Next week we will discuss Part 2 of this topic; calibrating your printing devices or the digital equivalent if you send your images out for printing.
Posted in Post, Tutorial and tagged with Calibration, Monitors.
January 13, 2015 by Mark Segal.
I’m not much of a pyromaniac by nature, but there is something very cool about watching the way flames ripple and change. For a very long time, people have found that creating realistic looking fire in Photoshop was very, very hard. In one of the new features introduced during the October update, Adobe introduced a new “Flame” Filter along with some others. You can find it under the Filter>Render>Flame Menu.
In order to use it, you need to create a path or a shape using the Pen or Shape tools. Once you have one, select the filter and it will bring up this very detailed menu panel.
As you can see, it gives you a lot of choices. Starting with the Flame type, you can really adjust the style, length, direction and the violence of your fire. You can also use custom colors for some eerie looking effects.
I started out with the simple path as shown in the flame panel. Then I created some 3D text and wasn’t happy with the results.
I wanted the flames to follow the outline a little more closely, so I created another layer and played with the path I had built, by adding some more control points and then re-ran the filter with more violent settings.
Just to keep playing with it I created a new image and used the Shape tool to create a wavy arrow.
I set the flames to run parallel with the shape.
I kept the same shape and on a new layer, filled in the arrow and applied some layer styles to it giving it an embossed look. I then duplicated the flame layers and ran a motion blur filter on it. I added some background elements as you can see from the layers view.
As we keep saying, the best way to learn these features is to just start trying them out. You never know what you will come up with. Here by the way is my final result. Not very useful, but lots of fun.
Posted in Post, Tutorial and tagged with Photoshop, Filters, Flames.
November 11, 2014 by Mark Segal.
Last week I wrote about the basic techniques used in compositing. When you are trying to combine very different elements into a brand new creative image it requires more techniques and even some preplanning. As humans, our optical systems are pretty amazing. Over millennia, we have evolved the ability to detect when something is just not right in a scene. We might not recognize just what it is, but we know when something is off.
The most critical and immediate thing we notice is where the shadows don’t make sense. Shadows are a natural consequence of the blocking of light. Our brains see where the light sources are and then know where the corresponding shadows should be. What is usually the biggest light source? The sun, of course. Now for the tricky question; how many suns do we have? That’s right, only one. Why then do so many composite fails look like they were shot on Tatooine? Yep, people put images together with competing suns.
Here are two images that I want to put together. The model was from last year’s Photoshop World Westcott Lighting both, while the other is a river in New Mexico. As you can see her lighting came from high up on the right side. Unfortunately, the lighting for the river scene comes from the opposite direction. If you just put them together and mask out her black background, it doesn't look natural.
Luckily, since we are not trying to be photojournalists you have options to correct this. The easiest thing to do is just flip one of the images on its axis. Since there is no text in either image it doesn’t matter which one. I flipped the background and…voila!
Posted in Tutorial, Post and tagged with Composite.
September 3, 2014 by Mark Segal.
Two weeks ago we talked about selection techniques. Isolating specific elements from an image is one of those capabilities which Lightroom just cannot do. It requires a pixel level editing program like Photoshop or even elements. The ability to place things and then work on different layers is also one of those capabilities where Photoshop rules. Building composite images takes full advantage of these three elements.
In my mind there are three basic categories of composited images. We are going to cover the first two types in this blog. The first are the simple replacements—ooh, I don’t like that sky and so I will put in a new one.
. Starting with this nice happy image from the Taos cemetery, I just used the “color range” selection for the sky to create this mask. I inverted the selection to keep only the ground.
I then took another big sky image I shot from that same trip and opened it up as a smart object. Why as a smart object? Well I wanted to be able to resize it without damaging the original file.
With the sky as a new layer beneath, it’s a much more dramatic image.
The other two types are more artistic in scope. The creative composite, where images and effects are layered and blended together and you intend for the viewer to be able to see this as part of your message. Using that same cemetery base shot and the same mask I created a completely different look. I shot this at Epcot Center during a fireworks display. I keep it tagged in my effects and colors.
When you make this into the sky, you need to add an orange cast to the markers themselves. I just picked out a color from the new sky and then created a new fill layer on top. I then reduced the opacity way down, just to give it a little glow.
The last one, which we are saving for later, is where you take various elements from multiple images and create a seamless effect that could be a photograph from a completely different world.
Posted in Post and tagged with Composite.
August 26, 2014 by Mark Segal.
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2019-04-20T03:19:03Z
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http://efcubed.com/?offset=1421806615838&category=Post
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As an engine of almost all life phenomena, neural oscillation networks play a crucial role in the activities of all animals. In this seminar, a novel, model-independent approach is introduced for the retrieval of coupled neural oscillations observed in biological CPGs during the control of walking. Based on a simple distributed synchroniser, various Oscillatory Building Blocks (OBBs), which operates in discrete time domain and amenable to digital circuit implementation, can be configured for the production of complicated rhythmic patterns. A general method is provided for the construction of a target artificial CPGs architecture behaving as an asymmetric Hopfield network. In addition, a new analog VLSI implementation of a simple OBB module is also presented which can operate in the continuous time domain.
Research today is often critically dependent on computation and data handling. Enabled by worldwide networks, sophisticated analytical methods and research data archives, researchers today have access to a wide array of data about the natural world, about societies and about engineered structures. Powerful simulation methods can be used to project existing data forward in time or to apply it to hypothetical systems and societal structures. The availability of data in many areas of research outstrips our ability to analyse it effectively, to draw conclusions and generate knowledge.This talk will present some of the ways in which researchers harness the power of advanced networked information technologies to develop e-Infrastructures for research that help to address research challenges of global importance. It will discuss the problem of developing research tools that are not only fit for purpose but that enable researchers from other disciplines to conduct cutting-edge research. Developing systems that embody novel research methods is an exciting but challenging task.
We introduce the notion of domain descriptions (D) in order to ensure that software (S) is right and is the right software, that is, that it is correct with respect to written requirements (R) and that it meets customer expectations (D). That is, before software can be designed (S) we must make sure we understand the requirements (R), and before we can express the requirements we must make sure that we understand the application domain (D): the area of activity of the users of the required software, before and after installment of such software. We shall outline what we mean by informal, narrative and formal domain descriptions, and how one can systematically -- albeit not (in fact: never) automatically -- go from domain descriptions to requirements prescriptions. As it seems that domain engineering is a relatively new discipline within software engineering we shall mostly focus on domain engineering and discuss its necessity. The talk will show some formulas but they are really not meant to be read, let alone understood. They are merely there to bring home the point: Professional software engineering, like other professional engineering branches rely on and use mathematics. And it is all very simple to learn and practise anyway! We end this talk with, to some, perhaps, controversial remarks: Requirements engineering, as pursued today, researched, taught and practised, is outdated, is thus fundamentally flawed. We shall justify this claim.
After proposing his famous Turing Test, Alan Turing himself considered a number of objections to the idea that a machine might eventually pass it. One of the objections discussed by Turing was that no machine will ever pass the Turing Test because no machine will ever "have as much diversity of behaviour as a man". He responded as follows: the "criticism that a machine cannot have much diversity of behaviour is just a way of saying that it cannot have much storage capacity". I shall argue that the objection cannot be dismissed so easily. The diversity exhibited by human behaviour is characterized by a kind of context-sensitive adaptive plasticity. Most of the time, human beings flexibly and fluently respond to what is relevant in a given situation. Moreover, ordinary human life involves an open-ended flow of shifting contexts to which our behaviour typically adapts in real time. For a machine to "have as much diversity of behaviour as a man" would be for that machine to keep its responses and behaviour relevant within such a flow. Merely giving a machine the capacity to store a huge amount of information and an enormous number of behaviour-generating rules will not achieve this goal. By drawing on arguments presented originally by Descartes, by making contact with the frame problem in artificial intelligence, and by touching base with recent work in evolutionary robotics, I shall argue that the distinctive context-sensitive adaptive plasticity of human behaviour explains why the Turing Test is such a stringent test for the presence of thought, and why it is much harder to pass than Turing himself may have realized.
Goals are abstract application-oriented objectives for how a system should behave. To be made operational, they are refined into lower-level policies that are executed dynamically. This talk will explain the design of ACCENT (Advanced Component Control Enhancing Network Technologies, http://www.cs.stir.ac.uk/accent) - an automated system for support of goals and policies. The approach will be explained with respect to Internet telephony, although it has also been used to manage other kinds of systems such as sensor networks and home networks.
This talk will explain how, in broad terms, climate models work. It will explain where and why uncertainties arise and what those mean for future projections of climate. It will also outline why climate researchers believe it is likely than humans are responsible for the warming observed since the mid 20th century.
Adobe is a well-established, world-wide software producer. With a wide range of products and technologies, they are an extremely well known brand (even my granny has heard of them). Three employees from their Edinburgh office plan to give some insights into working at Adobe, and the industry in general.
James Boag is a relatively new addition to the team, so new he is still called "young James". James will describe what it was like joining Adobe, lessons he's learned since graduating, and promises never to mention regrets he has.
Ian Paterson is a seasoned Computer Scientist at Adobe and is the technical lead for the Edinburgh group. He is sought after within the company for technical guidance and is constructing Web 3.0 technology to manage his fishing club. Ian will talk about the qualities that successful engineers share. He has been warned not to mention fishing.
Imagine the genetically engineered love-child of the pointy haired boss in Dilbert and David Brent. You'd be thinking of Adrian O'Lenskie. An engineering manager, Adrian was formerly a Computer Scientist working on products such as Adobe InDesign and Adobe Acrobat. He was found out and now spends his time corralling the smart folks. Adrian will talk about some of the typical (and atypical) team structures found at Adobe and how, from a corporate perspective, we "get the job done".
The aims of Young Children Learning with Toys and Technology at Home (funded by the ESRC, 2008 - 2011) are i) to use household case studies to produce a richly detailed account of young children's encounters with technology in the home and ii) to extend methods for examining children's experiences of technology in their domestic environments. Our visits over a period of a year or so to three- and four-year-old children and their families in fourteen households use conversations, video, and photographs to describe interactions with a range of domestic, leisure and work technologies. As we complete data collection, we reflect on the research to date and present case studies of some technological toys.
This talk will present a Riemannian Manifold Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler to resolve the shortcomings of existing Monte Carlo algorithms when sampling from target densities that may be high dimensional and exhibit strong correlations. The method provides a fully automated adaptation mechanism that circumvents the costly pilot runs required to tune proposal densities for Metropolis-Hastings or indeed Hybrid Monte Carlo and Metropolis Adjusted Langevin Algorithms. This allows for highly efficient sampling even in very high dimensions where different scalings may be required for the transient and stationary phases of the Markov chain. The proposed method exploits the Riemannian structure of the parameter space of statistical models and thus automatically adapts to the local manifold structure at each step based on the metric tensor. A semi-explicit second order symplectic integrator for non-separable Hamiltonians is derived for simulating paths across this manifold which provides highly efficient convergence and exploration of the target density. The performance of the Riemannian Manifold Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method is assessed by performing posterior inference on logistic regression models, log-Gaussian Cox point processes, stochastic volatility models, and Bayesian estimation of parameter posteriors of dynamical systems described by nonlinear differential equations. Substantial improvements in the time normalised Effective Sample Size are reported when compared to alternative sampling approaches. Matlab code at http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/inference/rmhmc allows replication of all results.
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2019-04-24T02:31:20Z
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http://www.cs.stir.ac.uk/seminars/past-seminars/aut09.html
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Is it really necessary to get your RV a generator? It’s a yes and a no. It really depends on you and your RV needs. If you go to campgrounds already with an electrical service available, a generator might not be that essential. However, if you go boondocking or camping on grounds without an electrical service, obviously, you will need a generator to keep you supplied with electricity.
Assess your needs. If you find yourself staying outdoors for a couple more days, a good generator can ensure your battery bank is sufficiently recharged. The more avid campers or those that use their RV on a regular basis might rely on a good solar panel system for a more stable and sustainable stream of energy but a nice back-up generator for RV will come handy for those occasional extra power needs, especially during those months when there isn’t a lot of sunlight.
This article will help you find the best and the most reliable generators that are specifically used for RVs. Make sure you read until the end of this article to find out which products you should invest your money on.
1.1 Which One Should You Buy?
1.2.1 What size is my RV?
1.2.2 What type of fuel should I get?
1.2.3 How often will I use my generator?
1.3 What to Do Next?
When buying a generator, choose those that are specifically designed for RV use. These generators are typically more powerful than their portable counterparts that might only be designed as a backup home power source or good for smaller towables such as teardrop trailers. It is a good idea to calculate how much power you need for your RV. Base that on the number of appliances you have and the wattage they require.
These are generators powered by propane gas. This is what the system needs to ensure that energy is converted into the electricity that your RV needs. Many RVers opt for this because it is a clean-burning type of energy. They also tend to burn slower, ensuring that you get longer-lasting power compared to other types. Also, these generators often come with a lower price tag. The downside to this is that its power isn’t as good as the other sources of energy. That means you need to go easy in operating multiple appliances at once.
This is a readily available fuel source so if you are looking to have your generator refilled, you won’t have to look everywhere for a source. You can also have it stashed in your RV for emergency needs. Unlike the propane one, this has more power, thereby giving your RV more energy, which means you can operate multiple appliances at once. Unfortunately, it’s not as clean as its propane counterpart. It’s also not as efficient as gas can burn fast.
This is a safer and cleaner alternative to gasoline. It also has the same power as the gasoline ones. However, these generators tend to be more expensive.
Generators are notorious for being noisy but this one promises quiet operations. It is a portable generator as well that doesn’t take up a lot of space and isn’t difficult to move around. You can use this to power up your home with a starting wattage of 6,500. It is comparatively noise-free, thanks to its inverter technology and advanced shell structure that reduces noise by as much as 60%. You will also like its 128 lbs of weight and efficient engine that has a run time of up to 14 hours.
There’s no need to worry about powering up multiple appliances in your home. You can run a variety of RV appliances with this accommodating 4 outlets with 120V or 20A requirements, 2 USB outlets and one locking outlet with 120V or 240A of power.
It is quieter than most generators out there. If you suddenly run out of power in the middle of the night while boondocking, you can use this without your sleep being disrupted by all that noise.
Compared to others, it is quite compact. It does boast of 45% more compact features compared to standard RV generators. It is also noticeably lighter. Carrying this around shouldn’t be hard.
It has 5 gallons of tank capacity for fuel, allowing you to get 14 hours of run time before needing to refuel. Additionally, it is also more efficient compared with standard generators.
It comes with telescoping handles and wheels for easier transport. Store it in your RV or garage when not in use.
It even comes with 24 months limited warranty.
Some said it might have difficulty running more power-hungry appliances like an RV air conditioner.
As this is operated by gas, you can expect it to deliver a lot of power. Peak power is at 10000 watts and rated power is at 8000 watts. It can provide energy to more demanding appliances such as your air conditioning unit. Some helpful and useful features include an electric push button that also comes with a back-up pull start function, air cooled function and a durable fuel tank made from steel.
The fuel tank for this one can accommodate 8 gallons of gas. That can supply you with enough electricity for up to 11 hours. It is also a comparatively quiet RV generator to use.
It can be easily transported. It comes with a double-handle kit and wheels that make moving this around easier.
You can use this to charge 12V batteries. It comes complete with 4 outlets and even has complete protection for 110V of energy.
The push-button start feature makes this so easy to use. A lot of people who own a large RV said it didn’t have issues supplying electricity to their major appliances. It also started up with absolutely no issues.
It seems to be durable as well. There were customers who ran this for 5 days, only stopping it after 50 hours to shut it down and then refuel or change oil.
It is one of the most affordable RV generators out there as well.
Some said it did vibrate a lot, so make sure you keep an eye out on those screws to prevent them from loosening. It can get a little noisy as well.
Get this RV-ready generator that has a TT-30R outlet for easier connection to your RV. It can supply a running wattage of up to 3100 and can accommodate AC load of 120V. With 25% of load, it can power up your RV home for up to 7.5 hours. It is compact as well and has a low noise level.
A lot of people are happy with its superior functions. There were even able to run their A/C using the eco mode in this generator. Some even used it to run their washing machine and clothes dryer.
It is not very noisy. It comes with an economy mode, that will modestly power of your home without all that noise. Standard mode might be a bit noisier but still comparatively quieter than other RV generators out there.
Many customers said it ran longer than it promised. They were able to use the 1.6-gallon tank to supply energy for up to 8.50 hours, great for those days of camping outdoors or as a backup energy source after a power outage.
It has good weather-proofing properties. It will run efficiently even under difficult weather circumstances.
Many also commend the manufacturing company’s customer service. They went out and beyond to solve the issues that the customers experienced.
It is a more affordable option as well. If you are on a budget but still want a quality-made generator, get this.
Some said they wished it came with bigger wheels for easier transport.
You would want to invest in this dual-fuel RV generator that allows you to run it either with the use of gas or the cleaner propane. This option makes this superior to other RV generators that only operate using one source of energy. With this flexibility, you can provide the energy that your RV needs. If you are trying to cut down on costs of fuel, go for propane and run only a few appliances. If you have more electricity demands, go for gas.
This RV generator has a frame that can withstand rough handling and bad weather conditions.
It also comes with big wheels and isolated mounts for the motor for quieter operations.
You have the ability to use either propane or gas with this generator, offering more flexibility to RV users. It gives users more options when it comes to how much money they will be able to save on fuel. When using gasoline, it has 10 hours of running time with 50% of maximum output. If you are using propane, running time can last for as long 20 hours with a maximum output of 50%.
It comes with a lot of safety features as well. It detects low oil levels and automatically shuts off to ensure the engine is protected.
It works quietly. There are different mounts for the engine and a muffler to prevent vibrations and excessive humming noise.
It comes with a power panel as well. This will indicate whether you have low oil levels. This panel is where you can find the voltmeter and the circuit breaker.
Some had issues with shipping damage but can be easily rectified with a return policy.
We recommend the Briggs & Stratton 30675 Q6500 Inverter Generator if you are looking for something more portable and a lot easier to use. It is compact and has quiet features that will make this a joy to use while boondocking or on campgrounds with your family and friends.
On a budget? We recommend the Gentron GG10020 Gas Powered Portable Generator. It is more affordable, but it definitely isn’t lacking in power. You can even use this to run more power-hungry appliances like the dishwasher.
Affordability and reliability are two things that the Champion Power Equipment 100233 3400 W Inverter Generator can offer. There weren’t a lot of negative reviews about this, a clear testament to its superior functions. Many even used this to run bigger appliances like air conditioning units, washers and dryers.
For those who can’t decide whether to get a gas RV generator or a propane one, choose the DuroMax Hybrid Dual Fuel Portable Generator instead. You can use either of these fuels. It is also an affordable option with lots of safety features and a nice pair of wheels for easy transport.
What size is my RV?
The size of your RV, its type and the appliances you use will greatly determine the kind of generator to buy. If you have a mid-sized RV and only a few appliances, a good propane RV generator should suffice. However, if you have a bigger RV and you run more heavy-duty appliances like air conditioning units and washing machine, go for more powerful ones.
What type of fuel should I get?
Again, this will depend on your needs and how much power is required to operate your appliances. On the other hand, there are dual fuel options like the one mentioned above.
How often will I use my generator?
If you are an avid traveler or you go boondocking a lot, something more durable and reliable and equipped with quiet functions should be a better choice.
Make sure you keep these things in mind when buying your RV generator. Also check out our homepage for more product recommendations so you can equip your RV with the best appliances and products.
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Dr. Rick Flanders Revival Ministries » Does the Bible Promise its Own Preservation?
Does the Bible Promise its Own Preservation?
What the Bible says about itself is very important. The fact that the Bible claims to be the Word of God is part of what leads us to believe that it is what it claims to be. Like the Lord Jesus Christ, the Bible must be judged in the light of the claims it makes for itself.
How can Jesus be just “a good man” when He claims to be God? If He is not God, He is a deceiver! Since the Bible claims to be the very Word of God (See I Corinthians 2:7-13 and II Timothy 3:14-17), it cannot be just a “good book” not divinely-given. We must either believe that it is indeed God’s Word or believe that it is a great religious deception. Our evaluation of the Bible must begin with its claims for itself.
Not only does the Bible claim to be inspired by God, but it also claims that its God-given words will be providentially preserved for future generations. These claims must be considered as the believing scholar approaches the findings of modern textual criticism in regard to the scriptures. The Christian who trusts the Bible’s claims for itself will see the state of the text in a way that those who ignore or disbelieve these claims can never see it.
The first Bible was the Law of Moses, the Pentateuch, the five books at the beginning of the Old Testament. Moses wrote the Pentateuch (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) in the desert wilderness between Israel’s departure from Egypt and the nation’s entrance into Canaan some forty years later. When these God-given words were written down, both their divine and human authors gave instructions for the preservation of their texts. Every future king of Israel was to “write him a copy of this Law in a book out of that which is before the priests,” according to Deuteronomy 17:18. “It shall be with him, and he shall read therein all the days of his life; that he may learn to fear the Lord his God,” says the following verse, “to keep all the words of this Law and these statutes, to do them.” The Hebrew word translated “to keep” in verse 19 is shamar, which means to hedge about, to guard, or to protect. Sometimes it is translated “preserve” (as in Psalm 121:7). It was the duty of the king to preserve and protect the scriptures by personally making an accurate copy from the master scrolls kept by the priests. Near the end of the Law, we are told about a master manuscript, which originally was the very scroll delivered to the priests by Moses!
The Bible certainly leads us to believe that accurate and authoritative copies of scripture were available down through the years.
Throughout their history, the Israelites had copies of the holy scripture which the Bible indicates were accurate to the very words.
In II Kings 22, we read about the discovery of “the book of the Law” during the project to repair the temple in the days of King Josiah. For many years (perhaps the whole reigns of wicked Kings Manasseh and Amon, Josiah’s predecessors, 57 years) apostate Judah had little or no access to the written Word of God. The true religion of Jehovah had been forsaken by the leaders and by most of the people, and the scriptures had been abandoned. When young Josiah began to seek the Lord, he ordered the repair of the Temple and the restoration of correct Temple ritual. During the repair project, Hilkiah the high priest found a copy of the Pentateuch, which he sent to the king. Josiah’s reading of the Law led to a revolution in his life and a revival of obedience to the Lord in Judah (Read Chapter 22 and 23). We should notice, as we read this story, two important things. First notice that the absence of the written Word in a time of apostasy and rejection of the Word is not the same as the acceptance of a corrupted form of the text during a period when the true text is lost. Some want to define the preservation of scripture in a way that allows the true text to be lost for over a millennium in forgotten libraries and monasteries while a corrupt text of the Bible is universally accepted by God’s people. They use the story of Josiah to assert that the promises of preservation are not contradicted by the theory that many true readings were lost to the church for most of the history of the church only to be restored by textual critics in the last century or so. The story in II Kings 22 does not prove their point. The situations are not the same. Secondly, we will notice the emphasis in the chapter on the words of the Book.
The very words of this copy were vital to God’s dealing with the king and the people. Since “the words of this book” were so important, might we not assume that the very words of the original had been preserved in the copy found in the Temple?
Not only is the system for transcribing scripture which God gave to Israel deemed successful in the Bible, but also the hand of God is seen in the preservation of the text. Read Psalm 78:1-8 and see the combination of divine and human work in the transmission of the Word. God’s men passed God’s Word “to the generation to come,” but it was God Himself Who “established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children . . .” (v. 5).
The great Old Testament chapter on the Word of God, Psalm 119, also refers to the enduring quality of the scriptures.
The Word is settled in Heaven in the mind and in the faithfulness of God, but even in its earthly inscripturated form, the godly find it enduring. No honest reading of this chapter can miss this point.
Psalm 12 also promises that the Lord will preserve the purity of the scriptures from generation to generation.
Many Bible scholars interpret this part of the psalm to mean something different than it seems to say in English. They point out that “them” in the phrase, “Thou shalt keep them,” is translated from a masculine pronominal suffix in Hebrew. Since the term “words” in verse 6 (“The words of the Lord are pure”) is translated from a feminine Hebrew word, the things preserved in verse 7 cannot be the words of God. The antecedent of “them” must be the “poor” of verse 5, a masculine noun, they say. Psalm 12 is indeed about the preservation of the godly poor and oppressed, but the teaching is that they will be preserved through God’s purified Word (Read the entire chapter). The wicked seek to prevail through their own vain, flattering, and proud words (vs. 1-4). The faithful few will survive these evil days through God’s tried and purified words (vs. 5-8). Do “pure words” refer to a corrupted text? It should be noted that sometimes the Hebrew Old Testament does use a masculine pronoun in referring to a feminine antecedent. Psalm 119:152 and 167 give us examples of this phenomenon. It cannot be absolutely proven, but there certainly is reason to justify an exposition of Psalm 12 that regards the preservation of verse 7 as referring to the words of the Lord in verse 6. The term “forever” at the end of verse 7 would argue for the preservation of God’s words rather than the preservation of a certain godly generation. Even the concept of God’s Word as tried and purified in verse 6 argues for the preservation of a pure text from generation to generation. Consider Proverbs 30:5-6 in this matter.
The Old Testament teaches the preservation of scripture.
Scriptures quoted in the New Testament are regarded as inspired and authoritative in their current form. Divine inspiration and authority are ascribed not only to the original manuscripts but also to the accepted form of the text in contemporary copies! New Testament references to authoritative scripture are always made to the existent text, and not to some mysterious form of the text possibly lost in antiquity. The only references made to the actual process of inspiration are in I Corinthians 2:7-13 and II Peter 1:19-21, where we are told that “holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.” The rest of the statements about the Bible’s infallibility refer to the form of the text in current copies.
Jesus called a man a fool who would not believe everything in the scriptures. How can a person be accused of being this kind of fool if the words of the original writings are not preserved for men either to believe or disbelieve today?
Jesus said this about currently existing scriptures. What strong language He used about the authority of the Bible of His day! Moreover, the Lord Jesus explicitly taught that the very words of the Bible have been and will be preserved for ever. Read His statement of faithfulness to the Old Testament scripture in the first part of the Sermon on the Mount.
Some say that this promise refers only to the fulfillment of scripture and not to its preservation. But notice that it says the text of the Bible (to the very letter) will not “‘pass” in the sense that “heaven and earth” shall one day “pass.” The Greek word used here for “pass” is parelthe, and it refers to the physical extinction of the thing that shall pass. It can also be translated “perish.” Just as God’s creation will pass some day, God’s Words will never pass! The actual existence of the original text of scripture will continue eternally, just as the physical existence of heaven and earth will not continue.
In Matthew 24:35, the Lord Jesus used the same terminology in referring to the preservation of His own words.
Just as the text of the Old Testament scriptures was preserved through the time of Jesus and will be preserved in a tangible way forever, the text of the New Testament will also be preserved. This is how Jesus could say, quoting Deuteronomy 8, that “Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.” (Matthew 4:4).
I Peter 1:23-25 gives us a New Testament promise of scriptural preservation that connects with an Old Testament promise.
The Word of God by which the gospel is preached “endureth for ever.” The Bible promises on which we base our hope of salvation will be preserved eternally by the power of God! This passage gives us an expansion of a promise already given back in Isaiah 40:8 (Look it up). The whole Bible assumes, implies, and promises that the words given by the Holy Spirit to the prophets for the scripture were and will be kept and preserved by God’s providential care.
Sadly however, many Christian scholars reject the idea that God promised to preserve His written word in accurate, available copies. Primarily, two reasons are given for this position. First, they say that the scriptures which seem to promise such preservation do not mean what they seem to say. Secondly, they contend that God could not have promised this kind of preservation of the scriptures because He in fact did not do it!
The first reason given for disregarding the Bible’s promise of its own preservation requires misinterpreting the plain meaning of many passages. It is argued that promises such as those in Matthew 5:18 and 24:35 refer to the fulfillment of scripture only, and not to its preservation. This interpretation ignores the word “pass” in reference to God’s Words and His creation, as we have already noted. Other preservation promises are explained away by saying that they refer to the immutability of God’s laws or the lasting effects of His Word in people’s lives, and not to the endurance of His written words (Isaiah 40:6-8, I Peter 1:23-25). This kind of interpretation ignores the emphasis in such passages on the very words. A thoughtful examination of every attempt to take preservation out of these promises exposes how forced and unnatural such misinterpretations really are. Any honest reader of the Bible can see that it promises its own preservation.
To my friend, however, and many scholars like him, the most significant find at the Dead Sea in regard to the Bible’s text was the existence of the variant texts! The principles of modern textual criticism are based on the assumption that the exact preservation of the original text of an ancient document is extremely unlikely. Therefore older copies that present texts not conforming to the uniform text of later times are especially interesting to the modern critic. He expects that the text has been corrupted over time, and looks for old, non-traditional texts that bear what he considers earmarks of faithfulness to the original! The “canons” of modern textual criticism favor shorter, more difficult readings that fit into the critic’s intuitive understanding of the most likely original wording. Believers in the Bible’s own promises of preservation rejoice in evidence that the text as it was delivered to us existed throughout the history of the Bible. Therefore, my friend was struck with the non-conforming scrolls while I was encouraged by the exactness with which certain scrolls conformed to the traditional Old Testament text. Scientists who defend the Biblical doctrine of creation say that evolutionists examine the same evidence as creationists, but come up with opposite conclusions because of the different assumptions with which they begin. The issues regarding the text of the Bible have divided believers into two groups: (1) those who follow the principles of modern textual criticism and search for the original wording of scripture in the maze of the manuscripts, and give special credence to older divergent readings; and (2) those who try to accept the text of the Bible as it was delivered to us, believing it has been preserved for God’s people throughout all of the generations since it was written. Those who esteem the traditional text, and therefore reject the Hebrew and Greek texts underlying nearly all of the modern English translations, do so out of faith in the Bible’s own promises of preservation. Those who try to assemble a different text that has been influenced by readings rejected or forgotten by the church for centuries, must do so while ignoring the plain promises of preservation.
The debate over Bible translations is really a debate over the ancient texts from which the Bible is to be translated. The debate over the texts arises out of differences over the doctrine of preservation. This is not a scientific or historical dispute; it is a doctrinal dispute. A correct understanding of what the Bible says about its own preservation will point both the scholar and the common believer to the traditional texts, and faith in the traditional texts will cause us to keep the Bible of our forefathers!
“New” bibles are not new at all. The Duoay version has been around since Roman Catholicism. If there are 180+ translations based on these same texts, none of them can claim accuracy and still be copyrighted!
I listened to a sermon you preached at Lancaster, then found this site. The sermon was basically this article.This is probably my fault, but I am not clear on your position on the inerrancy and infallibility of the KJV . Do you believe the KJV, a translation, is word perfect having no error of any kind? Or do you believe we only have inerrancy in the original languages? Thanking you for your response.
I think the pamphlet will answer most of your questions. Let me know if you need more clarification.
I have read journals which state that the Book of Esther has not been found among the Dead Sea Scrolls. Do you have any comment on this?
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2019-04-24T04:29:29Z
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http://drrickflanders.com/2010/09/does-the-bible-promise-its-own-preservation/comment-page-1/
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Cationic surfactants in the form of nanoparticles and micelles elicit different human neutrophil responses: a toxicological study.
The impact of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles on human neutrophil activation and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).
Mitochondrial Lon protease controls ROS-dependent apoptosis in cardiomyocyte under hypoxia.
New Coumarin Derivatives and Other Constituents from the Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae: Effects on Neutrophil Pro-Inflammatory Responses.
Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic components from Dichrocephala integrifolia.
Eunicellin-Based Diterpenoids, Hirsutalins S-V, from the Formosan Soft Coral Cladiella hirsuta.
Cationic liposomes evoke proinflammatory mediator release and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) toward human neutrophils.
Randainins A-D, Based on Unique Diterpenoid Architectures, from Callicarpa randaiensis.
Neutrophil elastase inhibitors: a patent review and potential applications for inflammatory lung diseases (2010-2014).
Bioactive Chemical Constituents from the Brown Alga Homoeostrichus formosana.
New anti-inflammatory tocopherol-derived metabolites from the Taiwanese soft coral Cladiella hirsuta.
Briarenolides K and L, New Anti-Inflammatory Briarane Diterpenoids from an Octocoral Briareum sp. (Briareidae).
Sirtinol Inhibits Neutrophil Elastase Activity and Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Acute Lung Injury in Mice.
Discovery of benzo[f]indole-4,9-dione derivatives as new types of anti-inflammatory agents.
Biphenyl-Type Neolignan Derivatives from the Twigs of Magnolia denudata and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity.
Total synthesis of cordatanine, structural reassignment of drymaritin, and anti-inflammatory activity of synthetic precursors.
Osthol attenuates neutrophilic oxidative stress and hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury via inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4.
Alkaloids from Pandanus amaryllifolius: Isolation and Their Plausible Biosynthetic Formation.
Steroidal and α-tocopherylhydroquinone glycosides from two soft corals Cladiella hirsuta and Sinularia nanolobata.
Capsisteroids A-F, withanolides from the leaves of Solanum capsicoides.
Glaucumolides A and B, Biscembranoids with New Structural Type from a Cultured Soft Coral Sarcophyton glaucum.
Anti-inflammatory effects of Perilla frutescens in activated human neutrophils through two independent pathways: Src family kinases and Calcium.
Chemical Constituents from the Fruiting Bodies of Hexagonia apiaria and Their Anti-inflammatory Activity.
New Flavones, a 2-(2-Phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one Derivative, and Anti-Inflammatory Constituents from the Stem Barks of Aquilaria sinensis.
Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic compounds from Solanum macaonense.
Natural Caryophyllane Sesquiterpenoids from Rumphella antipathies.
Pinnisterols A-C, New 9,11-Secosterols from a Gorgonian Pinnigorgia sp.
3-Methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxepine, polyoxygenated seco-cyclohexenes and cyclohexenes from Uvaria flexuosa and their anti-inflammatory activity.
Antiallergic Phorbol Ester from the Seeds of Aquilaria malaccensis.
Pinnigorgiols A-C, 9,11-secosterols with a rare ring arrangement from a gorgonian coral Pinnigorgia sp.
Honokiol suppresses TNF-α-induced neutrophil adhesion on cerebral endothelial cells by disrupting polyubiquitination and degradation of IκBα.
Bioactive Isoprenoid-Derived Natural Products from a Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Sinularia erecta.
New cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory steroids from the soft coral Klyxum flaccidum.
The potential impacts of formyl peptide receptor 1 in inflammatory diseases.
Formyl peptide receptor modulators: a patent review and potential applications for inflammatory diseases (2012-2015).
Marine Natural Product Inhibitors of Neutrophil-Associated Inflammation.
Anti-inflammatory neolignans from the roots of Magnolia officinalis.
Chemical Constituents and LC-profile of Fresh Formosan Lonicera japonica Flower Buds.
Constituents of the Leaves of Pandanus utilis.
Chemical Constituents of the Rhizomes of Bletilla formosana and Their Potential Anti-inflammatory Activity.
New marine sterols from an algal-bearing gorgonian coral Pinnigorgia sp.
Constituents from the leaves of Clausena lansium and their anti-inflammatory activity.
Ilex kaushue and Its Bioactive Component 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid Protected Mice from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury.
Tetranortriterpenes and Limonoids from the Roots of Aphanamixis polystachya.
Halogenated Sesquiterpenoids from the Red Alga Laurencia tristicha Collected in Taiwan.
Pubinernoid A and Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone, Secondary Metabolites from a Gorgonian Coral Pinnigorgia sp.
Bioactive steroids from the Formosan soft coral Umbellulifera petasites.
Zoanthamine-Type Alkaloids from the Zoanthid Zoanthus kuroshio Collected in Taiwan and Their Effects on Inflammation.
Four new compounds from edible algae Cladosiphon okamuranus and Chlorella sorokiniana and their bioactivities.
Anti-allergic potential of Typhonium blumei: Inhibition of degranulation via suppression of PI3K/PLCγ2 phosphorylation and calcium influx.
Ugonin U stimulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and enhances inflammasome-mediated pathogen clearance.
Screening of Luzula species native to the Carpathian Basin for anti-inflammatory activity and bioactivity-guided isolation of compounds from Luzula luzuloides (Lam.) Dandy & Wilmott.
Klyflaccisteroids K-M, bioactive steroidal derivatives from a soft coral Klyxum flaccidum.
Pinnisterols D-J, New 11-Acetoxy-9,11-secosterols with a 1,4-Quinone Moiety from Formosan Gorgonian Coral Pinnigorgia sp. (Gorgoniidae).
Dipeptide HCH6-1 inhibits neutrophil activation and protects against acute lung injury by blocking FPR1.
6-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-flavone suppresses the neutrophil respiratory burst via selective PDE4 inhibition to ameliorate acute lung injury.
A Phenanthrene Derivative, 5,7-Dimethoxy-1,4-Phenanthrenequinone, Inhibits Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression and Migration in Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells.
Novel 11-norbetaenone isolated from an entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium antillanum.
Chemical Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Principles from the Fruits of Forsythia suspensa.
Anti-inflammatory Flavan-3-ol-dihydroretrochalcones from Daemonorops draco.
New Marine Sterols from a Gorgonian Pinnigorgia sp.
Briarenols C-E, New Polyoxygenated Briaranes from the Octocoral Briareum excavatum.
Briarane Diterpenoids Isolated from Octocorals between 2014 and 2016.
Discovery of Indeno[1,2-c]quinoline Derivatives as Potent Dual Antituberculosis and Anti-Inflammatory Agents.
Anti-allergic Hydroxy Fatty Acids from Typhonium blumei Explored through ChemGPS-NP.
Sterols from the Octocoral Nephthea columnaris.
Bioactive new withanolides from the cultured soft coral Sinularia brassica.
Inflammation Modulatory Phorbol Esters from the Seeds of Aquilaria malaccensis.
Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective constituents from the peels of citrus grandis.
Isoflavones and anti-inflammatory constituents from the fruits of Psoralea corylifolia.
Honokiol suppresses formyl peptide-induced human neutrophil activation by blocking formyl peptide receptor 1.
Bioactive Steroids with Methyl Ester Group in the Side Chain from a Reef Soft Coral Sinularia brassica Cultured in a Tank.
Constituents of the fruits of Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis and the effect of 6,7-dimethoxy-coumarin on superoxide anion formation and elastase release.
Polysaccharides from Kochia scoparia fruits protect mice from lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute lung injury by inhibiting neutrophil elastase.
Anti-Inflammatory Lobane and Prenyleudesmane Diterpenoids from the Soft Coral Lobophytum varium.
Bioactive Triterpenoids from the Leaves and Twigs of Lithocarpus litseifolius and L. corneus.
4α-Methylergosta-22(E),24(28)-dien-3β-ol, a New Marine Sterol from the Octocoral Nephthea columnaris.
Rumphellolide J, an ester of 4β,8β-epoxycaryophyllan-5-ol and rumphellaoic acid A, from the gorgonian Rumphella antipathies.
The bioactive extract of pinnigorgia sp. induces apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells via ROS-ERK/JNK-caspase-3 signaling.
Anti-Inflammatory Polyoxygenated Steroids from the Soft Coral Lobophytum michaelae.
Use of cilomilast-loaded phosphatiosomes to suppress neutrophilic inflammation for attenuating acute lung injury: the effect of nanovesicular surface charge.
The Impact of Cationic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Human Neutrophil Activation.
Anti-inflammatory effect of oleic acid-encapsulated lipid nanoparticle in human neutrophils.
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2019-04-24T08:39:30Z
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http://webmis.cgust.edu.tw/research/T_View.asp?TSn=722
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It took a long time for Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America to get all the regulatory approvals it needed to complete its acquisition of Jacksonville-based EverBank Financial Corp.
The deal was completed Friday, 10 months after it was first announced, and after the long wait it’s reasonable for shareholders to ask: Was this a good deal for us?
It’s an especially interesting question because of the bank stock rally that occurred last fall after Donald Trump won the presidential election.
TIAA agreed in August to buy EverBank for $19.50 a share, representing a 25.8 percent gain over EverBank’s closing price of $15.50 on July 22, before news leaked out that the company was considering a buyout.
Ironically, EverBank shareholders approved the deal at a special meeting on Wednesday morning, Nov. 9, just hours after the election results came in. Did those shareholders miss out by locking in the $19.50 price in November?
Bank stocks rallied in the months after the election on speculation that Trump would push financial deregulation policies that would benefit banks. One of the most widely watched bank stock indicators, the KBW Bank index, jumped 47.8 percent from that July 22 date to its peak in March.
Bank stocks have fallen back recently on sentiment that Trump’s policies will not benefit the sector as much as hoped, but the KBW index was still about 37 percent higher last week than its July 22 level as the EverBank sale closed.
While we don’t know if EverBank would have been able to negotiate a better price with better timing, yes, it seems EverBank shareholders did miss out on a potential Trump bump.
The Federal Reserve Board’s order last week approving the TIAA-EverBank merger had some interesting observations.
The central bank, which has regulatory authority over bank holding companies, normally evaluates merger applications for their impact on competition in local markets. But EverBank and TIAA’s bank subsidiary are not normal financial institutions.
With $18.9 billion in deposits, EverBank would control 3.7 percent of the total insured deposit market in Florida, the Fed said. However, a large amount of those deposits are from outside the state.
Although EverBank has 10 bank branches in Florida, most of its business is done through the internet.
TIAA, which provides financial services for people in the academic, research, medical, cultural and government fields, doesn’t have any physical branches and does all of its banking business through the internet.
“Both institutions solicit deposits from across the country, making it unlikely that either institution holds a high concentration of Internet deposits in any local market,” the Fed’s order said. The Fed doesn’t have actual data on the amount of internet deposits in specific markets.
“Based on the size of the institutions, the large number of Internet-based competitors, and the diffuse geographic nature of the Internet deposits of EverBank and TIAA, the proposed transaction would not result in a material increase in concentration in any single market, including any in which EverBank has a physical location,” it said.
The Fed said the merged bank, with about $23.3 billion in deposits, has less than 1 percent of the deposits in the entire country.
The internet banking focus also affected the Fed’s evaluation of the banks’ obligations under the Community Reinvestment Act, which mandates banks serve the needs of their local communities.
TIAA’s bank is headquartered in St. Louis, and the Fed said it received one complaint about TIAA’s lending record to minorities in the St. Louis area and EverBank’s record in certain Florida markets.
However, the banks asserted they do business nationally and shouldn’t be judged on loans in any particular market.
The Fed agreed, finding the banks are complying with the CRA and the banks are meeting the “convenience and needs” of customers.
The companies still haven’t decided on the ultimate name for the merged bank. TIAA announced Monday morning that the bank’s legal name is TIAA, FSB. But it said “for the immediate future,” it will continue using brand names TIAA Direct and EverBank.
The buyout of EverBank leaves Atlantic Coast Financial Corp. as the largest bank holding company headquartered in Jacksonville.
Ameris Bancorp doesn’t count because, while its executive offices are in Jacksonville, its official headquarters is in Moultrie, Ga.
Ramsey’s downgrade was based on an assessment of the deposit mixes of banks, and how rising rates may impact them.
“The company does not rank well in our scorecard given high-cost deposits, a weaker deposit mix (lots of CDs, few demand deposit accounts), and a high loan/deposit ratio, which may all contribute to greater funding cost pressures as rates rise,” Ramsey said in his report.
He also said EverBank has been impacting Atlantic Coast Financial.
“ACFC is seeing increased competition locally from EverBank promotions possibly given the pending acquisition,” he said, as well as competition from other large regional banks.
After growing with the late 2015 acquisition of SunGard Data Services Inc., Jacksonville-based Fidelity National Information Services Inc., or FIS, made one of the biggest jumps in the Fortune 500 this year.
The magazine’s annual list of the nation’s largest companies showed FIS rose by 91 spots to rank 301st, based on its 2016 revenue of $9.24 billion. That was the sixth highest gain of any company in the list.
FIS’ revenue rose 40.1 percent last year, largely because it had SunGard’s business for the full year.
Fidelity National Financial Inc., which spun off FIS a decade ago, also moved up in the rankings from 311th in 2015 to 293rd last year, with revenue of $9.55 billion.
However, Fidelity will drop in the rankings next year because it plans to spin off its majority interest in Black Knight Financial Services Inc. and also spin its investment subsidiary into a new public company called Cannae Holdings Inc.
Fidelity’s title insurance business still produced revenue of $6.85 billion last year without the revenue from Black Knight and Cannae, which would have put the company 391st in this year’s list.
Of course, both companies trail Jacksonville’s third Fortune 500 company, CSX Corp., which ranked 257th with $11.07 billion in revenue.
However, CSX dropped from 239th in 2015 as its revenue fell 6 percent last year.
Jacksonville had one other company in the Fortune 1000 listing, Landstar System Inc. at 699th with $3.17 billion in revenue. But like fellow transportation company CSX, Landstar slipped from 672nd as revenue fell 5 percent.
Jacksonville would have one more Fortune 500 company if Southeastern Grocers would go public.
The parent company of Winn-Dixie and three other supermarket chains has annual revenue above $10 billion, according to many industry reports. But since it doesn’t make public financial disclosures, it is not included in the Fortune rankings.
Fidelity and Black Knight on Friday announced an agreement on the plan to distribute Fidelity’s majority stake in Black Knight to Fidelity shareholders.
Fidelity owns 83.3 million of Black Knight’s total 154.2 million shares outstanding. Those shares will be distributed at an exchange rate of 0.305551 Black Knight shares for every Fidelity share.
The distribution is expected to be completed in the third quarter.
The Michaels Cos. reported lower than expected earnings for its first quarter, sending its stock to its lowest level in more than two years.
The Texas-based arts and crafts retailer, which has a distribution center in Jacksonville, reported earnings of 38 cents a share for the quarter ended April 29, 2 cents higher than last year but a penny lower than the average forecast of analysts, according to Zacks Investment Research.
Net sales of $1.16 billion were even with last year but lower than the average forecast of $1.18 billion. Comparable-store sales (sales at stores open for more than one year) fell by 1.2 percent.
Michaels’ stock fell $1.67 to $18.16 Tuesday after the earnings report and fell as low as $17.49 by Thursday morning, its lowest level since November 2014. That also dropped the stock close to its June 2014 initial public offering price of $17.
Michaels is forecasting sales growth of 2.2 percent to 3.7 percent for the full fiscal year, with comparable-store sales ranging from a decline of 0.2 percent to an increase of 1.3 percent.
The company operates 1,364 stores across the U.S. and Canada under the brands Michaels, Aaron Brothers and Pat Catan’s.
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2019-04-22T10:47:04Z
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https://www.jaxdailyrecord.com/article/everbank-shares-miss-trump-bump
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48-hours visit in Szczecin is a good starter, but definitely not enough to discover the whole city. So before you plan your next visit, see what can you do and see within two days.
Start your day with a good breakfast. Let it be Bananowa Szklarnia on the Fountains Avenue. It’s also highly recommended to have a nice cup of coffee in the morning. There is a company established in Szczecin – Korona, that burns coffee since 1912. You can drink it in a few places in the city. Marshal Food is one of them. It’s just 5 minutes on foot from the Fountains Avenue.
You are now in one of the places that’s one of the ‘living saloons’ in Szczecin. Some of them are probably still closed, as the are going to open in the afternoon. We may come back here later during the day.
Now let’s go to 20 Żołnierza Polskiego sq. And visit the Glass House – that’s Tourist Information Centre. There, you can buy the Szczecin Tourist Card that allows you to save money during your visit and you may also grab a map of the center of Szczecin with a few of the pre-made tourist routes for the selfsightseeing.
I suggest picking the red one, as it shows 44 of Szczecin’s highlights. All you have to do to explore it is following the line – it’s painted on the pavement all way long. Moreover, on each of those places you’ll find a panel with a full description of the place. This way of sightseeing is super easy.
Szczecin once was a capital city of it’s own duchy – Pomeranian Duchy. To discover it’s history, visit the Museum of the Regional Traditions. That’s the first street right counting from the Glass House. If it’s saturday, then you’re lucky – on each saturday all of branches of the National Museum are free of charge, so you’ll enter it without a ticket. If it’s the other day, then an adult ticket is 12 zloty.
If you follow the red line, then you are going to pass the Cathedral. Let’s enter it and go to the spire. There is a viewing terrace on 65 meters. An adult ticket costs 10 zloty.
Is it lunch time already? Luckily, there is a nice and cosy restaurant nearby – Mała Tumska on 26 Mariacka st. You may find a wide selection of tasty food there, but please consider ordering paprykarz szczeciński. It’s one of Szczecin’s specialities – a dish made of fish, rice, paprika, tomatoes and spices.
Allright, turn right after leaving the restaurant and cross the junction to reach the Museum of Upheavals on Solidarności sq. – it tells the story from the beginning of the 2-nd World War until the colapse of the communism. Besides, it’s one of the most important places in modern Szczecin, as the building gained the most prestigious awards, such as „World building of the year” (World Architecture Festival, Berlin 2016) or for „the best public space in Europe” (European Prize for Urban Public Space contest, Barcelona 2016).
Just across the street, there’s another important building – the Szczecin Philharmonic (with the Mies van der Rohe 2015 award for the best building in Europe). It looks pretty much like an iceberg mashed up with hanseatic tenement houses. You may enter it freely, there’s a cafe and a souvenir shop on the ground floor.
If you’d like now to take a look at Szczecin from above and see how much is there still to discover, keep going along the red line to enter Cafe 22 – that’s a cafe (obviously), but it’s on 22-nd floor. That allows you seeing the whole city at once. Order a coffee or some dessert, take a look at the city and decide, where to go next. Or follow my further suggestions.
My advice is to leave the tourist route for today. Let’s keep the rest for tomorrow. Do you see a huge park from the cafe? Well, it’s not actually a park. Let’s go there. Take a tram no. 10 on Plac Rodła and after 14 minutes leave it on „Cmentarz Centralny” tram stop. You can download „Jakdojade” app for Android and iOS to find out how to get around with public transport.
As the name of the stop says – it’s a cemetery. More precisely, the biggest cemetery in Poland and the 3-rd in Europe, as the area is 168 ha. We’re standing in front of the main gate. Let’s enter. There’s a wide lane in front of you and an arrow indicating direction on you left. Follow it to discover both of the tourist routes that are established on the cemetery: historical and botanical. Make yourself comfortable here, treat this area rather as a park, than a cemetery. There’s also a station of the city bike system, Bike-S. You may rent a bike to get around the cemetery, if you wish. Registration via their website takes approximately 60 seconds.
I hope you liked this unique botanic garden.
If I’m right, then it’s about dinner time. Let’s go back to the center. I suggerst taking tram no 10. And leaving the vehicle on „Plac Żołnierza Polskiego” tram stop. In the nearest area you’ll have many of nice restaurants to choose from, e.g. Spiżarnia Szczecińska (here) with the local cuisine or Jak Malina (here) with fully vegan menu.
After a meal, I suggest you to go once more to the area we’ve visited in the morning and have a nice coctail in one of the bars or pubs in the surroundings of Zamenhofa sq. As it’s been already said, that’s one of the partying spaces in Szczecin, so there’s plenty nice bars to go. For the instance, there’s a Tilt! pub in which you can play vintage arcade games as Mortal Combat or Metal Slug.
Or if you’re tired, let’s meet tomorrow morning.
Good morning! I hope there’s a Sun shining, because the second intensive day awaits us. Let’s go to the old town to have a breakfast. There’s a really nice bar, Bajgle Króla Jana on Nowy Rynek 6. You’ll love it. They have a wide selection of bagels, and really good coffee.
Did you know, that the Old Town isn’t really old? In fact, the oldest building on the Old Town has been built in 1996. It was bombed to the ground, so actually we’ve visited the true old city yesterday – that’s Szczecin as it used to look like over 100 years ago. But on the New Old Town there are also nice places to visit. Let’s take the museum of the history of Szczecin as an example.
Is it midday approaching? Let’s go to the main railway station, quickly! The biggest civil shelter in today’s Poland is right beneath it. They provide trips, but only once a day: at 12:00. Tickets are in sale directly on the place. The entrance is on platform 1 (unless there are some construction works – in that case look for a man in high-viz near escalator). A guided trip is going to take over 1 hour.
I bet you’re hungry after visiting the bunker. Taking tram no. 3 directly from the railway station is the quickest way to get to Plac Żołnierza Polskiego. From that point, there are only few steps to a really good fish restaurant – Rybarex.
Rybarex is a family restaurant, that being run by mother and daughter. Both are very positive and incredibly talented in cooking. And, according to the law, Szczecin really is located by the Sea, so it is indeed a good idea to have a fish, isn’t it?
It’s the highest time to see the landmark of Szczecin. If it’s still afternoon, then we have good timing. Wały Chrobrego (Chrobry Embankment) is one of the most characteristic places in Szczecin. The catch is, that this is no embankment and Chrobry has never been here.
Original name of the place is Haken’s Terrace, as it has been built by Herman Haken’s initiative. But instead of describing Szczecin’s gratest mayor, I encourage you to enter the central building on the whole complex, that is the main building of National Museum. There’s a viewing terrace on the roof. Don’t hesitate to go there and you’ll appreciate the view of the harbour, shipyards, huge amount of space and one of the biggest lake in Poland.
Look at the river. There are ferries standing (Cpt. Cook, Dziewanna, Joanna, Odra Queen, Peene Queen). Consider taking a trip on one of them. They go frequently and tours last usually approximately 1 hour. Moreover, they are guided, so you can know what’s on your left or right.
Szczecin advertises itself as a Floating Garden. 25% of the city’s area is water and greenery is the next 20%. It’s the best way to see the city from the water side to admire the combination of these. But ferry is not the only possibility to do that – in Szczecin you’ll also find 4 motorboat and 3 kayak rentals. They require way more time, so I suggest you to rent them during your next visit, but they really allow you to discover and explore the Floating Garden. Belive me, it’s completely new level of relaxing and getting contact with nature.
I guess the end of the day is coming. Let’s spend it on the boulevards. Boulevards are always a good idea to go to. And that’s not without a reason. There are many nice restaurants, such as Ole! Bistro & Tapas, lots of event going on; there’s a beach with an opened bar, marina, three crane-o-sauruses… that’s really interesting and nice public space with a view, that always makes the “wow” effect.
Fancy a drink on the open air? In Poland it’s illegal, but cities can create zones, where people may drink alcohol freely on the street. In Szczecin that’s Bulwar Gdyński (Gdyński blvd.). You can tell which place exactly it is, because there’s a mast in the center of this area.
We haven’t seen all we could: Emerald Lake, Museum of the Technology and Transport, 7 Mills Valley; we didn’t jump from the highest platform in Europe, we didn’t visit the oldest cinema in the World, we didn’t have enoug time to kayak across the Lower Oder Landscape Park, we did not try Stettiner Pepperkoken. I hope we’ll make it during your next visit and we’ll find more time to see the surroundings as well. There’s plenty to do in Pomerania, so see you next time!
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2019-04-21T18:34:24Z
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http://ecszczecin2019.eu/visit-in-szczecin/
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Myung Hwan Kim, M.D., Sung Koo Lee, M.D., Young II Min, M.D.
Kyung Sik Cho, M.D., Yong Ho Auh, M.D.
The recent advent of nonsurgical treatment for gallstones reguires accurate in vivo analysis of their chemical composition in order to select the best candidates. As a preliminary work, we undertook an in vitro CT examination of 53 surgically removed gallstones and compared their CT patterns with their chemical composition. Those results were correlated with in vitro lithotripsy of the gallstones. The CT appearances were classified as follows: laminated (43%), dense (32%), rimmed (11%), isodense (8%) and faint (6%).
The dense pattern contained a high calcium content. As the CT density increased, the calcium content increased, but the cholesterol content decreased proportionally. The number of shock waves needed to break down a gallstone less than 2 mm in size increased with stone volume and the cholesterol content increased but did not have any correlation with the calcium content level.
As a result we found the CT examination to be a very sensitive method in detecting small amounts of calcium content in gallstones and the CT pattern and density of the gallstones were well correlated with their chemical composition, therefore in vivo CT examinations for ESWL candidats are desirable.
Recent advances in gallstone therapy, such as chemical dissolution, oral bile acid therapy, and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), have generated interest in the ability of imaging methods to determine the chemical composition of gallstones and potentially to predict the efficacy of these nonsurgical gallstone therapies1).
The most important factor determining the result of this nonsurgical therapy is to find cholesterol stones consisting of the least amount of calcium. So we classified the calcification patterns and measured the Hounsefied units (HU) of gallstones by computed tomography (CT) and investigated the relationship between the CT finding and chemical composition. Also, we studied the factors of gallstones affecting response to ESWL.
In anticipation of the role of CT in selecting patients for nonsurgical gallstone therapy such as ESWL, this study was undertaken to (a) determine the CT patterns of gallstone appearances, (b) correlate these patterns with their chemical composition, and (c) find the contributing factors to the number of shocks required to attain the endpoint (fragment stone size ≤2 mm).
1) Gallbladder stones were surgically removed from 53 patients and maintained in normal saline.
2) The color, diameter and volume of each stone were recorded, and the volume of each was measured by the water immersion method.
3) CT examinations (GE 9800 Quick) of gallstones were performed in custom-made plexiglass-and-water body phantom by 5 mm collimations (Fig. 1, 2).
4) CT attenuation values (Hounsefield units, HU) were obtained from the highest and lowest density area of a stone. The attenuation value of each stone was recorded as an average density of the above values.
5) Shock-wave lithotripsy (MPL 9000, Dornier) was performed with a saline-filled condom and the number of shocks required to attain the endpoint (fragment size ≤2 mm) was recorded (Fig. 3).
6) The chemical composition of the stones was measured by infrared spectroscopy.
Five CT patterns could be indentified and categorized as dense (n=17), faint (n=3), rimmed (n=6), laminated (n=23) and isodense (n=4) (Table 1). The dense pattern showed a homogenous increase in CT attenuation value. The laminated pattern showed alternating regions of higher and lower densities. The rimmed pattern showed a peripheral rim of higher attenuation value surrounding a homogenous, lower-density center. An isodense pattern was categorized when a stone couldn’t be seen within the saline-filled chamber. A faint pattern showed a slightly lower density than a dense pattern (Fig 4).
Five patterns of gallstones by CT analysis.
Considering the relation between the CT pattern and the chemical composition of the gallstone, we observed the highest cholesterol content (104.8±69.5 mg%) in the isodense stones and the lowest (3.3±2.3 mg%) in the dense stones. In contrast, the highest calcium content (84.4±42.4 mg%) was measured in the dense stones and the lowest (41.4±26.3 mg%) in the isodense stones (Fig. 5).
Considering the relation between the Hounsefield units and the chemical composition of the gallstones, a negative correlation betweeen the attenuation values and cholesterol content and a positive correlation between the calcium content and attenuation values (Hounsefield unit) were observed (p<0.01) (Fig. 6, 7).
Classifying the gallstones in 4 subgroups by Hounsefield unit such as ≤50, 50–100, 100–200 and > 200, the stones with ≤50 Hounsefield unit showed the lowest calcium content (16.9±14.3 mg%) and highest cholesterol content (163.3±47 mg%) (Fig. 8).
A positive correlation between stone volume and the number of shocks required to attain the endpoint (fragment stone ≤2 mm) was observed (p<0.001, Fig. 9). The number of shockwaves needed to break down gallstones less than 2 mm in size increased as the cholesterol content increased but did not have any correlation with the calcium content level (Fig. 10, 11).
Stone volume vs shock-wave number.
Gallstone lithotripsy and chemolysis represent dramatic departures from the traditional surgical treatment of cholelithiasis2). Since the 1980’s many reports show a tendency of a higher prevalence of cholesterol gallstones in Korea3). So there is the future possibility that nonsurgical therapy of gallstones will be utilized more frequently in our country.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) usually requires adjuvant oral bile acid therapy to achieve complete dissolution of gallstones4). Of course, adjuvant litholytic therapy is only of value in cholesterol stones5). Normally these stones are radiolucent, but radiolucent gallstones frequently contain significant calcium deposits. Their detection is important in the evaluation of patients for medical gallstone dissolution therapy1,5).
Plain X-ray of the abdomen and oral cholecystography are the diagnostic methods presently used for distinguishing calcified from radiolucent stones6–8). It has been shown that, in about 20% of the patients, the radiolucent stones contain significant amounts of calcium9). This finding is probably responsible for many of the treatment failures. Hence more sensitive diagnostic aids are desirable for detecting calcium in radiolucent stones.
With the advent of chemical dissolution and lithotripsy for the treatment of gallstones, use of imaging techniques to determine the chemical composition of gallstones has become important. Although CT has been proposed as a means of selecting patients for these nonsurgical therapies, investigation into the significance of the CT appearances of gallstones has been limited. Our results suggest that the CT appearances and CT density (Hounsefield unit) relate closely to the concentration of cholesterol.
A study by Hickman et al.10) reveals that stones with a CT density of 50 HU or greater are not soluble in chenodeoxycholic acid, whereas 50% of those with a density of less than 50 HU show significant dissolution. Our data also showed that gallstones with a density of less than 50 HU had the highest cholesterol and lowest calcium content.
Although CT is less sensitive than abdominal sonography in detecting gallstones11), our data show that five CT patterns can be indentified that have varied chemical compositions. Among the five patterns, gallstones with isodense patterns had the highest cholesterol and lowest calcium content. As above, the CT density and CT pattern may be of help in distinguishing between non-cholesterol and cholesterol stones. Only the latter are amenable to adjuvant litholytic therapy, which may be important for the complete disappearance of the fragments. Considering the cost of ESWL and following oral bile acid therapy, a computed tomographic scan would be a cost effective patient selection parameter if the stones do not float on oral cholecystography12).
In summary, the CT appearances and density of gallstones will be a useful finding to predict the chemical composition and success of nonsurgical therapy for gallstones. Also, in vivo CT analysis of gallstones for selection of ESWL candidates is desirable, because ESWL is a very expensive treatment modality.
The role of CT in predicting the chemical composition of gallstones and selecting patients for ESWL was investigated.
1) Five CT patterns could be identified and categorized as dense (n=17), faint (n=3), rimmed (n=6), laminated (n=23) and isodense (n=4).
2) The highest cholesterol content (104.8±69.5 mg%) was encountered in isodense stones and the lowest (41.4±26.6 mg%) in dense stones. The highest calcium content (84.4±42.4 mg%) in dense stones. The hishest calcium content (84.4±42.4 mg%) was encountered in dense stones and the lowest (3.3±2.3 mg%) in isodense stones.
3) A negative correlation was noted between the attenuation values (Hounsefield units) and cholesterol content (p<0.001), and there was a positive correlation between the calcium content and attenuation values (p<0.01).
4) Stones with a density of less than 50 Hounsefield units showed the lowest calcium content (16.9±14.3 mg%) and the highest cholesterol content (163.3±47 mg%).
5) There was a positive correlation between stone volume and the number of shocks required to attain the endpoint (fragmented stone ≤2 mm) (p<0.001).
In conclusion, the CT appearance and CT density of gallstones can predict their chemical compositions and outcome of nonsurgical gallstone therapy.
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2019-04-22T02:46:46Z
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http://kjim.org/journal/view.php?viewtype=pubreader&number=15515
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What is the difference between type A, B, and C guillotine valves?
The type A gate valves are the most frequently used gate valve type. Type C is specially intended for discharging solids beneath silos/containers. Please contact our sales department for individual consultation.
What is the difference between your type A guillotine valve and a guillotine valve with sealing on two sides?
The type A guillotine valve seals at maximum operating pressure only in the direction of flow and pressure, while in turn, the guillotine valve with sealing on two sides seals at maximum operating pressure in both directions.
What are the outstanding features of the AKO type "A" guillotine valve?
The type "A" guillotine valve is designed for universal usage, both for liquids and for solid media. The gate is rounded and the valve seat acts one-sidedly.
Can I also use the type "A" guillotine valve as a silo gate valve?
Due to its diversity and efficient design, the type "A" guillotine valve can also be easily used for silo locking. Rinsing connections can be optionally added on request.
How does the AKO type "C" guillotine valve differ from the type "A" version?
The type "C" guillotine valve is primarily used in the silo area. The gate is more solidly designed and can handle heavier loading. The greater overall height ensures a significantly better flow pattern, particularly for solids, and a correspondingly lower risk of clogging. Two additional rinsing connections are standard.
Is the type "W" guillotine valve generally preferred over the type "A" gate valve in wastewater applications?
Due to its special two-sided sealing, the type "W" wastewater gate valve has a higher sealing capacity with respect to liquids. This increases the risk of clogging, however, when a high portion of solids is present and for this reason the one-sided type "A" sealing gate valve would be preferable for this application.
Where is the Type "B" guillotine valve used?
The type B guillotine valve was specially designed for the blocking of pulp in the paper industry. Its non-stop gate, however, can also be highly advantageous for other media having high consistencies.
What is the advantage of a handwheel-operated guillotine valve with a non-rising spindle as opposed to a rising spindle.
Due to the missing spindle protection tube, the guillotine valve with a non-rising spindle has a lower construction height as compared to the rising spindle design, making the operation of a guillotine valve with a non-rising spindle more ergonomic. The smaller handwheel of the guillotine valve with a non-rising spindle up to DN200 can be additionally supplemented by a ball handle, making it even more easy and fast to operate.
How can I reduce the wear on a guillotine valve used for abrasive media?
The additional installation of a "B" wear protection ring in the passage prevents wear on the gate valve housing. The rings can be replaced according to wear. Subsequence installations are not recommended due to a very high expenditure. The type "C" deflector can be used any time as a wear protection ring and can also be retrofitted.
Are the guillotine valves completely sealed against the loss of gas, compressed air or vacuum pressure?
Wafer valves in the "soft sealing" design are highly leak-tight against liquids, but not absolutely gas-tight. Minor pressure losses can therefore occur.
When do I purchase a B wear ring?
Wear ring B (stainless steel) is typically used to reduce costs due to wear because only the ring must then be replaced and not the entire housing.
What effect does the usage of a deflection cone have in connection with the guillotine valve and when do I use one?
A deflection cone protects the housing sealing against wear and provides the medium with almost no possibility of penetrating the seat of the guillotine valve housing.
What can be done to prevent the guillotine valves from clogging?
Clogging of industrial fittings is usually caused by the application. Discuss your application with our sales department and we will work with you to find a suitable solution and remedy.
Do you also have guillotine valves for operating pressures greater the 10 bar?
Yes, on request. Please ask our sales department about them.
Do you manufacture the guillotine valves yourself?
We have a collaboration for this. The gate valves are specially manufactured for us.
Must anything in particular be noted when installing large guillotine valves?
We recommend using a support for the drive (bending torque) for guillotine valves DN250> when installing them in the horizontal position.
Do you also offer the guillotine valve made completely from stainless steel?
Yes, with the exception of the drives; please contact our sales department for more information.
Which coatings are applied to the guillotine valves?
Are guillotine valves also available with special coatings?
Yes, special coatings can be provided at a corresponding additional charge.
Are guillotine valves available with a FAIL SAFE function? (spring to open/close)?
Yes, both spring to close and spring to open pneumatic cylinders are available for the guillotine valve types A, B, and C.
Can the guillotine valves be started up in interim positions?
Yes, they can. Any desired number of proximity initiators can be installed on the guillotine valve’s support plate for interim positions.
How high is the maximum allowable operating pressure for your guillotine valves?
The maximum operating pressure of the guillotine valve types A, B and C is 10 bar depending on the nominal width and drops as the nominal width increases. Please see our data sheets for the maximum operating pressures of the larger nominal widths.
Are the guillotine valves pressure-tight from both sides?
Yes, but the guillotine valve side opposing the flow direction is only conditionally pressure-tight. Please see the data sheets for this pressure or contact our sales team with this specific question.
Which drives are available for the guillotine valves?
Single and double acting pneumatic cylinders, electrical actuators, hydraulic cylinders and automatic drives are available.
Which guillotine valves should I use and when?
Can air pressure also be applied to the spring-loaded side of the guillotine valve (gentle motion)?
Does a temperature change occur from the medium to the proximity switches?
The temperature drops considerably up to the proximity switches. Precise values must be determined on site.
Which solenoid valves are used for controlling air-operated guillotine valves?
Pneumatic gate valves with double-acting cylinders are controlled by a 5/2-way valve, and those with single-acting by a 3/2-way valve.
Starting at which guillotine valve size should I use a 1/2" solenoid valve?
We recommend using 1/2" 5/2- or 3/2-way valves starting at guillotine valve size DN250.
Yes, we offer diverse components for controlling the guillotine valves such as diverse solenoid valves, proximity switches, pneumatic positioner, electrical actuators, pressure regulating valves, etc.
What is the maximum thermal load which can be applied to a stainless steel guillotine valve?
We offer "metallically" sealing stainless steel guillotine valves for up to 600°C and soft sealing stainless steel guillotine valves for up to 250°C.
What is the maximum temperature at which I can use grey cast iron guillotine valves?
Generally up to 200-250°C. Depending on the usage conditions, the operating pressures additionally play a major role here.
Can your guillotine valves also be used as "end fittings"?
Guillotine valves are available which can be used without counter/loose flanges as end fittings. Please ask our sales team about the "lug-type" design.
Can the guillotine valves also be used at vacuum pressure?
Due to their design, the guillotine valves can be used only conditionally for vacuums and are only conditionally vacuum-tight. Please contact our sales team with your individual case.
Are ATEX-compliant guillotine valves available?
Yes, please specify the corresponding EX-zones.
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2019-04-21T14:18:57Z
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https://www.pinch-valve.com/faq/knife-gate-valve.html
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Thank you for visiting the New York State Higher Education Services Corporation (HESC) website. HESC recognizes it is critical for individuals and businesses to be confident their privacy is protected when visiting.
Consistent with the provisions of New York's Internet Security and Privacy Act, Freedom of Information Law and Personal Privacy Protection Law, and applicable federal laws, this policy describes HESC's privacy practices regarding information collected from users of this website. This policy describes what information is collected and how that information is used.
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2019-04-19T16:19:48Z
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https://www.hesc.ny.gov/hesc-internet-privacy-policy.html
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Like a kilt, this ten year old rhum proves that less can often be more.
The Japanese art of ikebana is that of flower arranging, and if you think its principles lack applicability to rum, well, give that some thought. Sorting a big bunch of flowers into a vase is not what it’s really about (one could say the same thing about the chanoyu). The true art is about selecting just a few elements, and finding the perfect way to arrange them so that they rest together in harmony. Trois Rivières is unlikely to have studied the matter…but this rum displays all the fundamentals of both art and simplicity, in a way that elevates the whole to a work of sublime grace.
Trois Rivières issues specific years’ output, perhaps more than any other rhum maker in Martinique (except maybe Neisson) – there are millèsimes from 1953, 1964, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1980, 1982, and so on. Rarely, if ever, is it stated how old these are, aside from the “vieux” notation, meaning a minimum of three years ageing. But to my mind, a rhum this good (sorry for the spoiler, but you already know the score) is a poster child for why we need the guys pushing great hooch out the door to stop messing about and tell us poor lambs what we need to know right up front – in this case, how old the thing is. Because speaking purely for myself, I want to know whether age is the primary factor in the excellence of the 1986 millèsime over the 1975, or some other factor.
I can tell you though, that my small disappointments and whinges from above were forgotten the instant the bottle was opened up and poured it into the glass. Because with a nose like the one it presented, I could swoon like a maiden from Walter Scott. It was so sweetly wonderfully rich that I almost went running for my thesaurus. It opened with juicy pears and white guavas, fennel and the faint lemony twist of a good cumin. Scents of treacle and honey followed on, very rich and smooth and almost perfect at 45%. Even after half an hour it kept giving out some extras – vanilla and well-controlled tannins, almonds, very light smoke and leather. The 1986 blew past the 1975 millèsime from the same company as if it was standing still, which was why I wrote about the latter the way I did.
It was similarly good to taste, and again showed up some of the shortcomings of the 1975. Warm and smooth, the 45% strength didn’t hurt it at all. Medium bodied and dry (but in a good way), providing first tastes of peaches, plums, more guavas, black grapes. I was actually a little startled at the fruitiness of it, because it was an AOC designated rhum, but where were the light, clear notes one could expect? The grassy vegetals? Luscious notes of licorice and vanillas and even molasses backed up the zesty citrus notes that gradually came to the forefront, and again there were these delicate hints of cumin and lemon zest I had observed on the aromas. And this was not all, because tart (not sweet) red fruit – strawberries, red currants and raspberries also made themselves known…I kept asking myself, how old was this thing? Even on the medium long finish, which was a bit dry, warm and breathy and easy-going, some of those fruits retained their ability to amp up the enjoyment – prunes, licorice and vanilla for the most part, and always that citrus component which coiled behind the primaries to lend a unique kind of counterpoint to the main melody.
The question I asked of the 1975 (which I was using as a control alongside the Rhum Rhum Liberation Integrale, the Velier Basseterre 1995 and two Neissons) was how old it was, and the labelling on that one was at best inconclusive. With the 1986 things seemed a bit more clear: the box had a notation “Vieux 86” and next to that “Sortie de fût: 04-96” which I take to mean it was distilled in 1986 and released from the barrel for bottling in April of 1996…a ten year old rhum, then, if the numbers mean what I say they do. TR never did get back to me on my inquiries, so if anyone has better knowledge of the age of this rhum, feel free to share. I’m going to go on record as believing it’s ten.
bottle is, the better the rhum inside must be (and the more we can expect to pay for it). The Trois Rivières 1986 shows the fallacy of such uncritical thinking. Like the Chantal Comte 1980 it demonstrates that great rums can be made in any year, at any age…and that beauty and quality and zen are not merely the province of those who fix motorbikes, pour tea, or arrange flowers.
Proof that year of make does not confer exceptionalism.
Trois Rivieres in Martinique is over 350 years old, formed in 1660 when Nicolas Fouquet, Superintendent of Finances to Louis XIV, won a large concession of about 5,000 acres in the south of the island, where it remains still, after many changes in ownership. In 1953, the Marraud Grottes family, owners of their own distillery and the Duquesne brand, bought the estate and sold aged Trois Rivières Duquesne rhums under the brand until 1972. In 1994 the Trois Rivières distillery was acquired by the company BBS, which also had the La Mauny brand, and they’ve held on to it ever since. I thought that the 1977 millèsime might be the oldest one I’d ever get (and I’ve been keeping an eye on the 1953), but when I managed to source the 1975 (and 1986) millèsimes, well, I jumped.
Trois Rivieres is certainly one of those French island companies that prides itself in specific years’ output, perhaps more than any other rhum maker on the island – there are millèsimes from 1953, 1964, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1980, 1982, etc etc etc…you get the point. The really odd thing about them is that rarely, if ever, is it stated how old they are, aside from the “vieux” notation, meaning a minimum of three years ageing (see “Other notes” below). Which may be one reason why I thought the 1986 rhum was better than this one from eleven years earlier.
Presentation was a consistent yellow box for these oldies(I’ve seen several millèsimes with the same one) with that famous windmill, the year 1975, enclosing a slim bottle with the same info on the label…and surmounted with a tinfoil cap, which struck me as strange, but okay, perhaps when it was made wrapping and toppings were different. An amber red rhum gurgled invitingly within.
For a 45% ABV rhum, the 1975 was quite soft to smell, more so than the 1986. Nougat and vanilla flavours led right off, with more delicate, floral and grassy scents curling right behind them. Lighter fruit, raisins and dates followed swiftly, and while the 1975 was not entirely salty, some small element of brine was definitely there, as were faint rubbery notes and pencil shavings of the sort that used to litter my geometry set in primary school.
My contention is usually that an older rhum or rum is, on balance, a better one – the complexity that ageing imparts cannot be easily duplicated or faked, and if one tries enough products, sooner or later the difference is self evident. Hence my feeling that for all its supposed antecedents, the 1975’s ageing (whatever it was) was not sufficient to elevate it to the status of cult classic. I wasn’t terribly excited here: the taste was a bit thin, without as much depth and richness as one might expect. That’s not to say it was bad or lacking in complexity…because I tasted caramel, raisins, sugar water, honey, prunes, freshly sliced cucumbers, green grapes, more grass and some white guavas, and this was a pleasant melange to experience – it was a perfectly good nose, just not a great one.
The mouthfeel somehow also didn’t come up to par for something about which I had higher hopes (again, the 1986 tasted in parallel outclassed it) because of a lack of overall body and elegance of texture. Adding water did bring out some background flavours, mind you – more nougat, toffee, cafe latte, with the slight citrus taking something a back seat. The fade was all right, neither failing nor exciting, giving up some nice florals, nuts, a bit of leather and vanilla and subtler grassy notes. In other words, an above-average agricole, unaggressive, interesting and very easy to drink, which probably cost me too much. I think that in another year I’ll look at it again and share it around with the Rumaniacs, see if their opinion is the same.
It’s funny, in a very short space of time I’ve experienced two rhums that had older brothers, and in both cases those older ones were effortlessly outclassed by their younger siblings. The 1980 Chantal Comte decimated the 1977, and now the 1975 Trois Rivieres is not as good as the 1986. If there’s ever been a reason why I want more information on a label, this is it, because I’d dearly love to know if it was ageing that caused the difference in quality, or some other factor. If nothing else, this is perhaps why one should never take reported age or year of make alone as the sole arbiters of how good a rum “should” be – because here I got two that say exactly the opposite.
So back to how old this thing is. Yes the “vieux” statement supposedly tells its tale. Cornelius, Henrik, Gregers and I pored over the labelling and the box to see if there was something that could give us a clue, and came up with this little mark at the bottom right of the label, where it says “Emb. 97209 A”. Could that mean bottled in 1997-2-09 or 1997-20-9? If that were true, the thing is 22 years old. But in that case, why not say it is a très-vieux, or XO? On the other hand, it could refer to the postal code of Fort de France on Martinique, so don’t take my conjecture as gospel. The mystery deepens until Trois Rivières (or any reader) can provide more information.
Not entirely sure how old this is…I think it was bottled in 2000 or so, making it at least a twenty three year old. AOC controlled from Martinique, pot-still-made from cane juice (of course).
Taste: Oh, nice, very well put together. Again dry and vegetal (the nose wasn’t lying), even a bit minty. Warm and assertive, and enough potency to make you think it was actually stronger. Anise, citrus peel, more spices, sushi (maybe seaweed). Somehow all these things work reasonably well together. Didn’t bother adding water on this go-around – at 43%, didn’t really want to.
Finish: Long, aromatic, dry; that anise/licorice starts to come forward at the back end, isn’t balanced as well with other notes as it could have been.
Thoughts: Great, complex nose, quite a smorgasbord on the palate, an agricole all the way through.
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2019-04-25T22:20:28Z
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http://thelonecaner.com/category/rum-reviews-by-maker/trois-rivieres/
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The South Korean plane which crashed in San Francisco killing two teenage girls and injuring scores of others was only seven years old and had no known mechanical problems, according to the airline's CEO.
An Asiana Airlines passenger jet travelling from Seoul, South Korea, crashed while landing Saturday at San Francisco International Airport, smashed into pieces and caught fire, killing two young Chinese students and injuring more than 180 others.
According to education authorities in China, at least 70 Chinese students and teachers were on the plane heading to summer camps.
Smoke billowed out of holes in the fuselage of the Boeing 777 on Saturday afternoon as firefighters rushed to douse the wreckage and passengers scrambled to safety down inflated escape chutes.
The plane's tail, landing gear and one of its engines were ripped off.
Survivor: "the most terrible thing I've ever seen."
A survivor has described the terrifying moments as the Boeing 777 smashed into the ground, flinging flight attendants out the back as the tail broke off.
"Right when it appeared to coast for the landing, ... (he) sped up, like the pilot knew he was short," Elliott Stone told CNN.
"And then the back end just hit, and flies up in the air, and everybody's head goes up to the ceiling. And then it just kind of drifts for a little bit, for a good 300 yards and then tips over. Fire starts," he explained.
He said he was able to evacuate safely, sitting in the middle of the plane, but the flight attendants sitting in the back "got hammered - because we landed short. And then they all fell out - and it was just the most terrible thing I've seen," Stone said.
He said around 20 minutes after the crash, he and fellow passengers noticed "another five bodies like 457 metres away that nobody saw," adding they alerted emergency workers, but were frustrated at the response. We were yelling at people, yelling at firefighters. Get over here. They were just lagging hard. I don't know."
Survivor Benjamin Levy told local a local NBC station by phone that he believed the plane had been coming in too low.
"I know the airport pretty well, so I realized the guy was a bit too low, too fast, and somehow he was not going to hit the runway on time, so he was too low ... he put some gas and tried to go up again," he said.
"But it was too late, so we hit the runway pretty bad, and then we started going up in the air again, and then landed again, pretty hard," Levy said.
He said he opened an emergency door and ushered people out. "We got pretty much everyone in the back section of the plane out," he said. "When we got out there was some smoke. There was no fire then, the fire came afterward."
One passenger, a South Korean teenager wearing a yellow T-shirt and plaid shorts, said the plane "went up and down, and then it hit the ground."
"The top collapsed on people, so there were many injuries," he said, referring to the overhead luggage compartments, before an airport official whisked him back into the Reflection Room, a quiet centre in the airport for thought and meditation.
Asiana Airlines' chief executive officer Yoon Young-Doo has apologised for the crash and said the plane had no known mechanical problems.
"We purchased this aeroplane in March 2006 (and) currently we understand that there are no engine or mechanical problems," he told a press conference on Sunday.
The ministry said the Boeing 777's tail hit the runway and the aircraft veered to the left off the runway.
"Please accept my deepest apology," the CEO said, bowing in front of TV cameras at the press conference.
"We'll make our utmost efforts to cope with the tragedy."
Mr Yoon said the crew had made an in-flight broadcast as usual, "asking passengers to buckle up for landing. There was no emergency alarm".
He said one pilot had more than 10,000 flying hours, and the other more than 9000.
"Our pilots strictly comply with aviation rules," the CEO said.
The plane, which originated in Shanghai and picked up passengers in South Korea before heading to San Francisco, had 291 passengers and 16 crew on board.
Among them, 141 were Chinese nationals, followed by 77 South Koreans, 61 Americans, one Japanese, three Indians, three Canadians, one French, one Vietnamese, three others with unidentified nationality and 16 crew.
Local TV station KTVU quoted witnesses as saying that the plane's tail appeared to sheer off as it was coming in to land.
Another witness said the tail broke off almost immediately upon hitting what appeared to be the end of the runway .. "it kind of did a bellyflop landing".
Overhead television video about an hour after the crash showed the plane lying off the runway with its fuselage burnt out.
Another eyewitness, Anthony Castorani, told CNN that he was watching planes land from his airport hotel when he saw the Asiana Airlines flight coming in for what appeared a routine landing.
"The moment it touched down ... there was a large plume of white smoke, you heard a pop and then you immediately saw a large brief fireball that came out from underneath the aircraft," he said.
"The plane began to cartwheel, and the wing broke off and you could see the tail immediately fly off of the aircraft."
Castorani said that it did not appear that personnel at the airport were expecting an emergency landing, but they rushed to the scene and began dousing the aircraft.
The plane appears to have struck the seawall where the runway meets the San Francisco Bay, John Cox, an aviation safety consultant who has participated in several NTSB investigations, said in an interview.
That suggests that the plane landed short of the runway, Cox said.
"It's not a little bit short," Cox said. "It's a lot short."
Other witnesses said the plane approached the airport at an awkward angle, and it appeared that its tail hit before it bounced down the runway.
When it stopped, they said, passengers had scant time to escape before a blaze burned through the fuselage.
"I looked up out the window and saw the plane coming in extremely fast and incredibly heavy," said Isabella Lacaze, 18, from Texas, who saw the crash from the San Francisco Airport Marriott Waterfront.
"I remember watching the nose go to the ground and the tail way up in the air and then the tail back to ground hard," Lacaze said.
At that point, she said, the tail snapped off and the rest of the plane skidded down the runway.
"The smoke was not bad at all at first," she said. "It was like one cloud. It took maybe a minute or two for the chutes to come out of the side," she said, and people began to pour out almost immediately.
Some passengers scrambled out of the plane even before the chutes deployed, one witness said.
A number of people lay injured near the wreckage for 20 to 30 minutes before ambulances arrived, Stone said.
Many people got off relatively unscathed, he said, but he saw at least five people with severe injuries.
Anxious relatives swarmed around Asiana's headquarters in Seoul, seeking details of the crash and the whereabouts of the victims.
"I'm very worried about my daughter. She called me a while ago saying she received injuries to the shoulder and legs," a middle-aged woman told journalists.
"But since then, I've heard no word from her. I wonder where she is now."
South Korean President Park Geun-Hye offered sympathies to victims and their relatives.
"I offer my deepest condolences to the victims and their relatives," her spokeswoman quoted her as saying.
In June 1993 an Asiana Boeing 737 crashed into a mountain in South Korea, killing 68.
Flame retardant materials inside the plane involved in Saturday's crash, including foil wrapping under the seats, most likely helped protect many passengers said Steven B. Wallace, who was director of the office of accident investigation at the Federal Aviation Administration from 2000 to 2008.
The FAA has required the use of such materials for several decades. Wallace said that even though an Air France A340 suffered a worse fire after overrunning a runway in Toronto in 2005, all 309 people on board survived. Only 12 were seriously injured.
"It seems clear that the airplane hit short of the runway," Wallace said. "Why that happened, I don't know."
Wallace, who is a licensed commercial pilot, said the pilot could have made a mistake and come in too low or there could have been wind shear.
An aviation official, who did not want to be identified discussing a developing investigation, said the plane was not making an emergency landing, and the situation had been routine until the crash.
If the plane touched down too soon, before the tarmac or before the area intended for landings, it may have torn off its landing gear, and been skidding along on its engine cowlings, said Arnold Reiner, a retired airline captain and the former director of flight safety at Pan Am.
"At that point, all bets are off," he said, and the tail may have hit the ground with more force than the fuselage was intended to handle.
One question for investigators, Reiner said, is who was at the controls.
The 777 has a two-pilot cockpit but on a flight that long, there is typically a "relief pilot" or two on board, so no one has to work continuously for such a long period.
That may have resulted in a junior person at the controls.
The crash comes after a remarkable period of safety for airlines in the United States. It has been four and a half years since the last airline crash - a safety record unmatched for half a century. It involved Colgan Air Flight 3407 (operating as Continental Connection Flight 3407), which crashed on approach to Buffalo (NY) International Airport, killing 50 people, including one on the ground on February 2009.
Globally, as well, last year was the safest since 1945, with 23 deadly accidents and 475 fatalities, according to the Aviation Safety Network, an accident researcher.
The National Transportation Safety Board said it had dispatched a team from Washington to investigate, and declined to speculate.
An Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade spokeswoman said officials had confirmed no one travelling on an Australian passport had been on the flight. She said officials were still checking whether any Australians with dual citizenship had been on board.
|
2019-04-23T07:00:09Z
|
https://www.theage.com.au/world/us-plane-crash-victims-identified-20130707-2pkmb.html
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2019-04-26T09:59:06Z
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http://zweetkitchen.com/bar-lighting.html
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A post chaplain in the Army of the United States, commissioned by the President under the Act of March 2, 1867, c. 145, § 7, is entitled, in computing his longevity pay under the Act of July 15, 1870, c. 294, § 24 (Rev.Stat. § 1262), to be credited with his service as a chaplain, employed by the officers composing the council of administration at a military post approved by the Secretary of War, under the Act of July 5, 1838, c. 162, § 18, and the acts supplementary thereto.
On February 6, 1865, the claimant was elected and appointed chaplain for the post of Fort Columbus, New York Harbor, by the council of administration at the post under the provisions of the Act of July 5, 1838, c. 162, § 18, and of the supplementary acts of July 7, 1838, c.194, § 2, March 2, 1849, c. 83, § 3, and February 21, 1857, c. 55, § 2, 5 Stat. 259, 308; 9 Stat. 351; , 11 Stat. 163.
"Fort Columbus, New York Harbor, is announced as a chaplain post to date from February 6, 1865, in place of Fort Wood, New York Harbor, discontinued as such from that date. The Reverend James A. M. La Tourrette is announced as post chaplain to Fort Columbus, New York Harbor, from February 6, 1865. He will, in connection with his present duties at Fort Columbus, perform also those of Fort Wood, as heretofore. "
Under that appointment, he served until April 6, 1867, but received no commission. It did not appear that he was required to take an oath of office, his employment was not for any fixed or definite time, and he was paid for services on the certificate of the post commander.
Under the provisions of the Act of March 2, 1867, c. 145, § 7, 14 Stat. 423, he was nominated by the President to the Senate for appointment as post chaplain March 18, confirmed by the Senate April 3, commissioned accordingly by the President April 6, to rank from April 3, and formally accepted the appointment April 27, 1867. On March 23, 1890, he was retired from active service as post chaplain under the Act of June 30, 1882, c. 254, 22 Stat. 118.
His service as chaplain under the Act of July 5, 1838, together with his service as post chaplain under the Act of March 2, 1867, was continuous and uninterrupted from February 6, 1865, to March 23, 1890.
He was not borne on the Army register before 1867. In the registers from 1867 to 1878, inclusive, his name appears, with the date of "original entry into service," April 3, 1867. The registers from 1879 to 1881, inclusive, refer to that date as "date of commission," and these registers, as well as those for 1882 and since, record the beginning of his service as chaplain of a post February 6, 1865, and as post chaplain, April 3, 1867, accepted April 27, 1867.
From April 27, 1867, to March 23, 1890, he was paid his salary with longevity pay, computed for the most part by crediting him with his service from February 6, 1865, but since February 6, 1885, with his service from April 27, 1867, only. If he is to receive credit for the time from February 6, 1865, to April 26, 1867, the longevity pay due him is the sum of $333.75 more than he has received.
On these facts, the Court of Claims decided, as a conclusion of law, "that the decedent, during his service from February 6, 1865, to April 26, 1867, was in the Army of the United States within the meaning of the law," and therefore entitled to recover the sum claimed, and gave judgment accordingly. The United States appealed to this Court.
"there shall be allowed and paid to each commissioned officer below the rank of brigadier-general, including chaplains and others having assimilated rank or pay, ten percentum of their current yearly pay for each term of five years of service."
16 Stat. 320; Rev.Stat. § 1262.
"Service" in this statute evidently, as both parties admit, means military service, and the question is whether the claimant was in that service from February 6, 1865, to April 26, 1867.
"it shall be lawful for the officers composing the council of administration at any post from time to time, to employ such person as they may think proper to officiate as chaplain, who shall also perform the duties of schoolmaster at such post, and the person so employed shall, on the certificate of the commanding officer of the post be paid such sum for his services, not exceeding forty dollars per month, as may be determined by the said council of administration, with the approval of the Secretary of War, and, in addition to his pay, the said chaplain shall be allowed four rations per diem with quarters and fuel."
"the posts at which chaplains shall be allowed shall be limited to the number of twenty, and shall be first approved by the Secretary of War, and shall be confined to places most destitute of instruction."
with Mexico, it shall be lawful for the officers composing the councils of administration of the several regiments constituting a brigade, either regular or volunteer, in the service of the United States to employ some proper person to officiate as chaplain to such brigade . . . provided that the chaplains now attached to the regular Army and stationed at different military posts may, at the discretion of the Secretary of War, be required to repair to the Army in Mexico whenever a majority of the men at the posts where they are respectively stationed shall have left them for service in the field, and should any of said chaplains refuse or decline to do this when ordered so to do by the adjutant-general, the office of such chaplain shall be deemed vacant, and the pay and emoluments thereof be stopped."
By § 3 of the Act of March 2, 1849, c. 83, entitled "An act to provide for an increase of the medical staff, and for an additional number of chaplains of the Army of the United States," the provisions of the act of 1838 "are extended so as to authorize the employment of ten additional chaplains for military posts of the United States." 9 Stat. 351.
"that the Secretary of War be authorized, on the recommendation of the council of administration, to extend the additional pay herein provided to any person serving as chaplain at any post of the Army."
"the compensation of all chaplains in the regular or volunteer service or Army hospitals shall be one hundred dollars per month and two rations a day when on duty; . . . chaplains employed at the military posts called 'chaplains' posts' shall be required to reside at the posts, and all chaplains in the United States service shall be subject to such rules in relation to leave of absence from duty as are prescribed for commissioned officers of the United States Army stationed at such posts."
"it shall be the duty of chaplains in the military service of the United States to make monthly reports to the adjutant-general of the Army, through the usual military channels, of the moral condition and general history of the regiments, hospitals or posts to which they may be attached."
These acts, all of which were passed before the period in question, unequivocally show that such chaplains as the claimant was during that period, being employed, by the officers composing the council of administration at the post to officiate as chaplain, and actually serving as such at a military post of the United States, with the approval of the Secretary of War; receiving monthly for their services a sum approved by him, and allowed, in addition to their pay, rations and quarters; subject to the same rules as to leave of absence from duty as commissioned officers of the Army; required to report monthly to the adjutant-general of the Army through the usual military channels, and called indifferently "chaplains attached to the regular Army and stationed at military posts," or "chaplains of the Army of the United States," should be considered, according to the understanding and intention of Congress, as holding the office and rank of chaplain in the Army, and consequently as in the military service, within the meaning of the longevity pay act.
Moreover, the Act of March 2, 1867, c. 145, § 7, under which the claimant was afterwards commissioned, by providing that "the post chaplains now in service," as well as those thereafter to be appointed, should be commissioned by the President, distinctly recognized that the former were already in "service," which, in this act, as in the longevity pay act, clearly means the military service of the United States. 14 Stat. 423.
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2019-04-24T12:51:39Z
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https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/151/572/
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When choosing a holster for concealed carry in Washington there's a quote that sums it up fairly well, by Clint Smith; "Carrying a gun isn't supposed to be comfortable, it is supposed to be a comfort"
In recent years there have been a significant number of manufacturers making holsters specifically for women in Washington. Some options for consideration are; holsters design to go on a woman's thigh, there are ankle holsters, modified under the arm i.e. shoulder holsters, compression tank top holsters that are actually worn as an undergarment, belly band and under wraps holsters, holsters designed as a pouch and double as underwear.
There are several models of holsters specifically designed for a women's shape and proportions to wear both inside the waistband and outside the waistband, with just a little research in Washington you will be able a find the perfect holster for your needs. We have some options in our store.
Regardless of whether the holster you have chosen is made of Leather, Nylon, Kydex, Cloth, or any other material it is not enough to just wear the holster, you must start practicing and testing how to wear and use the holster competently in Washington. This is similar to when you do dry fire practice with your firearm, you also want to practice continuously with drawing (extracting) and re-holstering your firearm, this is something you should practice hundreds of times so that you build up true muscle memory.
It has been proven time and time again that in a high stress or panic life and death situation in Washington that the body will respond in the way that it has been trained, Muscle Memory. It can save your LIFE!
You must repeatedly practice on how to access the holster from under clothing, or from a concealed carry Handbag, or other specialized Clothing, how to keep the clothing out of the way as you draw your gun and move into a shooting position as smoothly and quickly as possible. As you do this you'll be able to find the perfect positioning adjustments that may be necessary for the holster to properly function with your body type and the type of clothing that you'll be wearing in Washington.
Once you're ready to proceed to the firing range in Washington and start with live fire exercise is it is suggested that you should start with "one shot drills". Draw your gun, fire a single shot and then re-holster. You want to do this repeatedly and frequently to help build up your muscle memory which will be absolutely critical and possibly life-saving in an actual shooting situation. As you continually practice this drill, and you become smooth with your movements you can slowly pick up speed and accuracy with practice.
When you first start wearing a new holster for concealed carry the best way to get used to the holster is to wear it everywhere, wear it out in the community; to the store, to the movies, out to dinner, get to know the feel and any movement of the holster in every possible daily situation. Choosing and then wearing the correct holster has to be something that is done with great consideration, there are no shortcuts to finding and utilizing the proper holster for your concealed carry needs in Washington.
Work with a certified instructor to learn how to draw and fire from different positions or while in movement, in a self-defense shooting situation chances are you're not going to be squared off and standing still like you are at the range practicing with the target! As your proficiency and skill level increases while working with an instructor in Washington you may want to incorporate some speed and timed drills. Before taking this step make sure that you have had a significant amount of practice and training on the fundamentals first, without proper application of the basic fundamentals speed drills are difficult to accomplish competently, again, always be under the supervision of an instructor when working with speed drills.
Concealed weapons licenses issued in 11 states will be recognized in Washington State so long as the handgun is carried in accordance with Washington law. In order for Washington to recognize other states’ concealed weapons permits, Washington state's reciprocity law “RCW 9.41.073” dictates that the other state must: Recognize Washington concealed pistol licenses; Not issue concealed pistol licenses to persons under age 21; AND Require a mandatory fingerprint-based background check for criminal and mental health history.
Washington is an "open carry" state for firearms; a person may carry a firearm in an exposed holster without any kind of permit unless there is something that makes it specifically illegal. Example, carrying a weapon onto primary or secondary school grounds or other prohibited places, or carrying a weapon by most felons or anyone convicted of a domestic violence crime.
Washington does not have a self-defense law based on the castle doctrine. However, statutes long on the books are very similar to the more modern castle laws. For example, deadly force is considered lawful in Washington to prevent serious injury or death to oneself or any other person at the hands of an attacker. Deadly force is also justified to prevent a felony from being committed. Washington State’s Supreme Court has held that citizens do not have a duty to retreat before using force in the face of an attacker.
Washington is one of the more liberal states in the country when it comes to regulating citizens who want to carry a concealed weapon, experts say. The law, often referred to as a "shall issue" law, requires law-enforcement agencies to issue a concealed-weapons permit to all citizens who meet a specific list of requirements.
US Precision Defense operates an on-line store, a public forum, a informative blog, and a public database of firearm instructors, Shooting ranges, and Gun smiths. Go to our “home” page and see all the other products and features we offer to the public and our members.
In Pierce County and throughout the state, people have been grabbing up concealed pistol licenses at unprecedented rates. In January, with Tacoma crowds so heavy at times that some applicants reported four-hour waits, LESA set a record for itself with 1,964 license applications, about twice the usual volume.
The number of concealed pistol licenses has been raising fast even before the latest push for gun control. Statewide, according to the Department of Licensing, the number of license holders went from 239,000 in 2006 to 392,784 at the end of 2012, a 64 percent increase. For perspective, that’s about 1 of every 12 adults in the state.
Washington State follows British legal tradition which entails that anything not proscribed as unlawful is lawful, also known as 'The Rule of Lenity.' This gives citizens of Washington State (as well as some of individuals with temporary living status in Washington State) the right to openly carry their firearm without a concealed weapons permit (CWP). Of course the individual openly carrying must abide by the current Washington State laws such as the open carrier must be an adult of a minimum of 21 years of age and must not have any prior felonies or warrants on their record.
From a sheriff in Washington state: As Sheriff, I took an oath to support and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution and laws of the State of Washington. I will continue to do so. As Sheriff of Wahkiakum County I will not enforce any laws that are held to be unconstitutional. The Supreme Court of the United States has interpreted the Second Amendment of the United States Constitution as protecting the rights of citizens to own and possess firearms.
Washington state currently has multiple firearms manufacture’s or related companies that include: Crossroads Arms, Dave's Guns N Stuff, Dayton Traister Co Inc, Eagle View Research, Gators Custom Guns, Hensley's Firearms, High Mountain Hunting Supply, Mc Cann Industries, Mesa Rifle Works, One Shot Firearms & Acces, Wade's Eastside Guns, West Coast Armory, West Coast Armory Indoor Range, Windom & Company.
US Precision Defense has a members only section along with a section dedicated to women with all aspects of shooting and carrying concealed.
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2019-04-25T11:55:46Z
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https://www.concealedcarry-ccw.com/g/Holsters-For-Concealed-Carry/Washington-WA/
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This week’s 23 things is on Evernote Organisation. Which has given me the chance to talk about my favourite thing Evernote.
I’m not a naturally organised person but Evernote has helped me no end. This is the post I did for 23 things RHUL on Evernote to give some background about what it is.
@melon_h depends on your idea of interesting, but use it for recipes using tags for retrieval. Also knitting, as can use checkbox for rows.
Not being a knitter I have no real idea what Lynne means but it sounds good! I also use it for recipes. This notebook contains them. What is absolutely brilliant about this is that you can search by ingredient. You might have chicken to use up, search your recipes and all the recipes with chicken are there. Brilliant.
@samanthahalf @melon_h I’m liking that I can write a blog post on Evernote & share it to WordPress.Great if you don’t like an interface!
I’m catching up with 23things myself. I have blogged in the past about social networking so don’t really want to repeat myself but I think Social Networking is important for libraries and librarians both for promotion and for networking. Personally my key professional network is Twitter.
When I started work on 23things RHUL I asked for tips from other people who had run it in the past – this request went out via Twitter and the responses came thick and fast. Some from participants of 23things as well as people who had run it. But this isn’t the least of the reasons to interact professionally with Twitter.
Learn about library – Find out what influential people in the library world are thinking and doing.
Keeping up to date – often Twitter is the first place people find out about major news events. It is also very useful if you commute or have to travel at all as this post I did illustrates.
Compliment / Complain – had great service? Tweet about it and let others know when a brand does well. Had bad service? Same applies. Also most companies take Twitter seriously so they will respond to complaints as they are public.
Evernote is THE best app I have found in the last year. I was given the task of looking into it for 23 things city and to be honest wasn’t sure what use it would really be but now I have no idea what I did without it.
I was always starting a notebook then forgetting it and starting another then never looking at the notes anyway because I couldn’t read my writing or had to scan through so much that I couldn’t find what I was looking for but with evernote I am finally becoming a notetaker!
I use Evernote to plan blogposts, take notes in meetings or lectures and save pictures or links. I use it both personally and professionally. I can start something on my laptop at home, work on it on my iPad on the train, edit it on my work PC, log on to any computer to check it via the web and share it via my phone if I want. At the Business Librarians Association Conference I was able to make notes, download all the pre-conference information and agenda and keep it all in one “notebook” on Evernote. When I came back to the office I could view these notes online and add links to them where needed. I can then share the notes with colleagues. For example these notes on a talk about doing a library video from the conference.
Even if you don’t have a mobile device to use it on or a lap top to download it to it can still transform your work.
* This is a note I created linking to a clipping of this page.
Evernote have some getting started pages which take you through everything step by step.
Fancy YouTube things – next year’s library video might be in 3d.
Did you know you can do lots of fancy things in YouTube including editing and adding “effects”?
I don’t entirely understand this … http://www.youtube.com/leanback (apparently like wathcing videos from afar – seems similar to full screen to me).
Twitter is the answer to travel nightmares. I remember thinking this last November in the snow and today this was confirmed. From sometime this morning there was widespread travel chaos across the Southern network caused by a flood and then a landslide.
Looking at the live departures on Southern’s website it was clear that we would not be going anywhere south of Croydon this evening. Then Tweets confirmed that there were huge delays at Gatwick and the rail replacement bus services were overwhelmed. Before Twitter I could only have guessed this but through my network I had people updating me from all over the place. I knew the Eastbourne and Brighton lines were both impossible to get down. The national rail website only told me all the trains were cancelled and I needed to find alternative trains. It made no suggestion of what these trains were.
So I looked at other routes, using my own local knowledge combined with confirmation from Southern that Southeastern were accepting tickets. I realised if I could get to Tunbridge Wells I could get a bus that stopped practically outside my flat. So I left work and headed to Charing Cross.
Emerging from the underground I heard an announcement that no trains were travelling between Tonbridge and Tunbridge Wells due to a lineside fire. Tonbridge is the town before Tunbridge Wells. This was not good news. I then saw a tweet from @southernrailuk saying I should go on this route. I replied to them and told them there were problems. My response was retweeted by people living near me.
After encountering flood, landslide and fire I laughed at a tweet from @angefitzpatrick suggesting that she wouldn’t be surprised if all replacement bus services were cancelled due to Godzilla. I wouldn’t have been surprised either!
I then had a text from my friend Catherine saying she was on a train to Ramsgate and getting off at Tonbridge, the guard on the train said that the trains still weren’t going through to Tunbridge Wells but should be soon. So I hopped on the next train to Tunbridge Wells in the hope it would get me home.
While I tweeted about my journey I had a message from someone else on the same train asking how to get from Tunbridge Wells to Lewes. I also spoke to some people around me who were trying to get to Uckfield and Lewes. They were impressed that I had information from Twitter. Through Twitter and my friend on the train in front I was able to both be informed and keep people informed. A group of random people became connected. I was also buoyed up by tweets from friends wishing me luck on my journey and really impressed by Southern’s own use of Twitter. They replied to my tweets. This included an apology after I tweeted them an update on the journey.
I was able to check bus times on my ipad and tweet them. We arrived at Tunbridge Wells just after 6:45 and the bus came on time at 6:58. I’m sure he doesn’t normally have quite so many people going to Lewes at that time.
The journey through the highways and byways of Kent and Sussex was speedy and a bit of a white knuckle ride but an hour later I was getting off the bus just by my flat. It was almost 4 hours after I left work (thirty minutes early) and I was over an hour and a half late home but because the delays were so bad I didn’t mind so much.
It’s times like this people muse why I commute. It’s simple, I get to live in the best place in the world. Delays like today are very rare and they are so bad there’s nothing anybody can do about it. It wasn’t Southern’s fault that a watermain burst and then there was a landslide. The fire was just so surreal that I was waiting for a plague of locusts to delay the bus.
So, yet again, if anyone asks why you should join Twitter tell them that it is the best way of finding out what is going on and should fire and brimstone rain down on your journey home nothing beats it to help you get on your way. Or as @archelina said “twitter f***ing rocks in a travel crisis”. Couldn’t have put it better myself!
This morning I caught my usual 6:51 train and over heard a couple of commuters talking about their horrendous journeys home. It was clear they hadn’t used Twitter and had been in the dark about what was going on. If you are a commuter then sign up to twitter, follow @SouthernRailUK and @NRE_Southern (or the relevant ones in your area) also follow other people from your area. I was home 2 hours before the people who hadn’t used Twitter!
This week on 23 things City we are looking at Office 2.0. two of the things are Google Docs and Survey Monkey. I felt this was a good point to mention how I used Google Forms in Google Docs to do a survey as part of my MA Film Studies.
I used Google Docs because it allowed unlimited questions unlike the free version of survey monkey, otherwise it was similar to survey monkey in that the link was easily distributed (via Twitter and Facebook). Google Docs allowed me to enter unlimited questions and direct people to particular questions based on the responses to a question which was a great asset, although for some people this functionality didn’t work which annoyed some respondents, I have a feeling it was to do with their browsers because it worked when I tested it.
When I got down to the analysis and I discovered Google Docs does a lot for you. For example you get a lovely summary which includes graphics, percentages and counts.
The data summary meant I had more time to get on with the more detailed analysis, such as looking at gender differences in the responses and the free text answers. It was possible to limit the size of the free text responses but these provided a lot of information such as “I find watching rom-coms relaxing and uplifting. They make me think that not all men are immature pigs. They are also good fun to watch with your friends and family (usually female or gay male ones). The humour in them is usually more subtle than comedies with a broader focus (i.e. ones aimed at young men).” (Female, 20-29)” and “”I don’t have any because they are all rubbish. Sometimes I am forced to watch them by my wife to be.”” This respondent felt that enjoyment was only to be had by “”Short viewing time and numerous phone calls to interrupt it. Failing all of that a packet of jammie dodgers to eat” (Male, 30-39)” (this same respondent thought Die Hard 2 was a romantic comedy).
The form I created is still available so if you want to have a look here it is. (It’s based on a particular study which is why with hindsight some questions would be different).
Google forms is great if you are undertaking complicated research and even for simple surveys I think it provides a great alternative to survey monkey with more functionality for free. Although it has to be said the survey monkey part of this week’s things is causing far more hilarity than expected and more on that will follow at a later date.
Another of this week’s 23 things is Twitter. In my experience Twitter is a bit like Marmite. You either love it or hate it (or simply don’t get it). I love it, although if I had to choose I’d choose Facebook over it because more of my real-life friends and family are on there and there’s more to it. I posted a few weeks ago about the merging of professional and private lives via Twitter and the power of Twitter so I won’t repeat that here but I will give a brief introduction into why I love twitter.
The BBC and the 23thingscity blog both explain Twitter very well but basically people post messages (tweets) in 140 characters or less and often have conversations using these tweets. People have Twitter usernames, mine is @melon_h, which allows other people to find them and follow them. Unless you have protected your tweets anyone can follow you and you don’t have to follow them back but you can block people if you don’t want them to see you.
I have been on Twitter since 9/2/2009 (coincidentally I joined twitter about the same time I had my brace fitted. There’s no connection between these events except when I had my operation I did get lots of nice messages from various tweeps). I think my use of Twitter increased when I got a blackberry, I check it whenever I check my phone for messages or emails. It’s part of my daily routine.
Twitter works best when you take part in it. You need to interact with people on there otherwise you’re basically the person sitting in the corner listening in on other people’s conversations but turning away when people try to talk to you. It can be daunting sending that first message to someone you don’t really know but what’s the worst that will happen? They might ignore you but unless they’re a celebrity who gets hundreds or thousands of messages it’s unlikely (and if they are a celebrity they might just reply).
I use twitter mainly to interact with other librarians and colleagues (both former and present) but I have a few people on there I know personally not through work. I also follow a few celebrities and several organisations and newspapers. I do think being part of a network of librarians who tweet makes it more relevant to me than if I wasn’t using it professionally which may explain why people doing other jobs can’t see the point.
I also enjoy watching the Apprentice and question time while tweeting with other twitter users. I’ve had conversations about Neighbours, Eastenders, and One Tree Hill with people I only know via Twitter. Of course if you don’t want to know the results of anything you need to avoid twitter, much like that episode of Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads where they spend the day avoiding the football score.
Every day I see something that makes me laugh and something that makes me go wow. It’s probably my main source of news headlines, leading me to the whole story (usually on the BBC or guardian). I also am much more professionally informed because of twitter than I ever was before. When I was stuck in London last year because of the snow it was Twitter that kept me better informed than any of the rail staff or websites could.
One of the 23 things participants, Library Apocalypse, described Twitter as being like a radio. Always buzzing but you can tune in and out of it. I’d say that’s a brilliant description. One of the other good things is you can tune in and go back to interesting things by searching or using hashtags(#) to follow an event, conference, news story or any other stream. For example the # tag for 23 things city is #23thingscity. You can also retweet things you want to swear. According to my friend Jenny I do this a lot. I am offering no comment on this.
Thinking about Twitter for this week did make me wonder when I joined twitter and what I said first. Luckily (This sounds like a bad advert) there’s a site to help you find this out. It is called rather imaginatively my first tweet.
It’s safe to say I started tweeting when I was doing the film noir module on my MA!
Now that was my first tweet but what about the first tweet ever? According to the BBC it was “just setting up my twittr” personally I think mine was better!
Grace dent has written a book called “How to leave Twitter”, a few extracts have been published in the Guardian and make amusing reading (Grace Dent: 100 things about me and Twitter, Three typical tweeters, and Love in the Time of Twitter.
Whether Twitter will last or go the same way as myspace ( I used to log on to that all the time … I probably haven’t been on there for two years. Ooh maybe since I joined twitter!) only time will tell but right now I can’t imagine not using it.
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2019-04-19T10:49:57Z
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https://melonthelibrarian.wordpress.com/category/web-2-0/
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دری پارسا, جواد. (1394). تأثیر ادراکهای زیرآستانهای دیداری بر بازشناسی ابرازات هیجانی چهرهای در بین دانشآموزان با و بدون ناتوانی یادگیری. ناتوانی های یادگیری, 5(1), 47-68.
جواد دری پارسا. "تأثیر ادراکهای زیرآستانهای دیداری بر بازشناسی ابرازات هیجانی چهرهای در بین دانشآموزان با و بدون ناتوانی یادگیری". ناتوانی های یادگیری, 5, 1, 1394, 47-68.
دری پارسا, جواد. (1394). 'تأثیر ادراکهای زیرآستانهای دیداری بر بازشناسی ابرازات هیجانی چهرهای در بین دانشآموزان با و بدون ناتوانی یادگیری', ناتوانی های یادگیری, 5(1), pp. 47-68.
دری پارسا, جواد. تأثیر ادراکهای زیرآستانهای دیداری بر بازشناسی ابرازات هیجانی چهرهای در بین دانشآموزان با و بدون ناتوانی یادگیری. ناتوانی های یادگیری, 1394; 5(1): 47-68.
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر تحریکهای زیرآستانهای بر بازشناسی تظاهرات هیجانی چهره و همچنین مقایسهی دو گروه کودکان با ناتوانی یادگیری و عادی در بازشناسی ابرازات هیجانی چهره صورت گرفت. نمونهی پژوهش شامل 45 دانشآموز عادی و 45 دانشآموز با ناتوانی یادگیری میشد. آزمودنیها برای مقایسهی تأثیرات پیامهای زیرآستانهای در سه گروه (الف. گروه کنترل: بازشناسی ابراز هیجانهای چهره بدونپیام زیرآستانهای، ب. گروه آزمایش اول: بازشناسی ابراز هیجانهای چهره با پیام زیرآستانهای مثبت، ج. گروه آزمایش دوم: بازشناسی ابرازات هیجانی چهرهای با پیام زیرآستانهای منفی، قرار گرفتند.در این پژوهش الگوی تحریک زیرآستانهای به همراه تحریکهای مختلفی از حالات هیجانی چهره به کار گرفته شد: هیجان مثبت(شادی) و هیجان منفی( غمگینی)، تصاویر زیرآستانهای در طول اجرای آزمون بازشناسی مکرراً و به سرعت (حدود 30هزارم ثانیه)ارائه میشدند. نتایج، تأثیر قوی تحریک زیرآستانهای با هیجان مثبت را بر پاسخ دهی بیشتر به ابرازات چهرهای شادی نشان داد. با این وجود، تأثیر تحریک زیرآستانهای هیجان منفی برای بازشناسی تظاهرات چهرهای غم، تنها در گروه دانشآموزان با ناتوانی یادگیری بدست آمد. علاوه بر این، پژوهش اخیر نشان داد که، دانشآموزان گروه عادی ابراز هیجانیغم را بهتر از سایر همتایان با ناتوانی یادگیریشان تشخیص میدهند، این در حالی است که دو گروه تفاوت معناداری در بازشناسی سایر هیجانها نداشتند. در مجموع نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که واکنشهای هیجانی مثبت و منفی میتوانند به صورت ناخودآگاه فراخوانده شوند.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of subliminal primes on recognition of emotional facial expression and also comparing facial emotion recognition abilities in subjects with learning disabilities and without learning disabilities. Ninety subjects participated in the current study; including 45 student with learning disability(LD) ad 45 without LD. The subjects were compared for effectiveness of subliminal message in three groups: (a. control of group: recognition of emotional facial expressions without subliminal message b. first experimental group: recognition of emotional facial expressions with subliminal positive message c. second experimental groups: recognition of emotional facial expressions with subliminal negative message. also, compared recognition of emotional facial expression in normal children and (LD). In this study, a subliminal masked priming paradigm with varying faces as primes were used, and they were presented for duration of 30 ms and had two levels of emotion: positive emotion (happiness) and negative emotion (sadness). The results revealed a strong effect of emotional priming for positive emotion pictures. Participants both in normal group and LD tended to choose more target faces preceded by positive prime, when, subliminal prime was a positive emotion, but, the emotion priming for negative emotion pictures was only significant in LD group. Moreover, the current study demonstrated that normal group shows better recognition of sad facial expressions than the LD group, while the two groups do not differ in the recognition of other emotions. In other words, results show that both positive and negative emotional reactions can be unconsciously evoked.
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Hardman.M. ,Drew.C. & Egan.W.(2000).Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children (community, school and family).translated by Ganji.K, Yousefi.M & Yadegari.F(1388). Tehran: Danjeh.(Persian).Holder, H. B., & Kirkpatrick, S. W. (1991). Interpretation of emotion from facial expressions in children with and without learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24 , 170–177. Izard, C.E (1993). Four systems for emotion activation: cognitive and noncognitive processes. Psychol. Rev. 100, 68 90.Kunst-Wilson, W., Zajonc, R., (1980). Affective discrimination of stimuli that cannot be recognized. Science 207, 557 558. Lee ,Tatia M.C., Emily H.H. Ng a, Tang ,S.W. & Chan , Chetwyn C.H..(2008). ffects of sad mood on facial emotionrecognition in Chinese people. Psychiatry Research 159 (2008) 37 – 43 Ledoux, J.E.,( 1989). Cognitive emotional interactions in the brain. Cognit. Emotion 3, 267 290. Lembke, A., Ketter, T.A.,( 2002). Impaired recognition of facial emotion in mania. American Journal of Psychiatry 159, 302–304. Michela Balconi and Chiara Ferrari.(2012). Subliminal and Supraliminal Processing of Facial Expression of Emotions: Brain Oscillation in the Left/Right Frontal Area. brain sciences,2,85-100. Monahan, Jennifer L., and Cynthia E. Zuckerman.(1999). “Intensifying the Dominant Response: Participant-Observer Differences and Nonconscious Effects.” Communication Research 26(1):81–110. Morris, J. S., A. Öhman, and R. J. Dolan.( 1998). “Conscious and Unconscious Emotional Learning in the Human Amygdala.” Nature 393:467–70. Most, T., & Greenbank, A. (2000). Auditory, visual, and auditory–visual perception of emotions by adolescents with and without learning disabilities, and their relationship to social skills. Learn. Disabil. Res. Pract., 15, 171–178. Nabuzoka, D., & Smith, P. K. (1995). Identification of expressions of emotions by children with and without learning disabilities. Learn. Disabil. Res. Pract., 10, 91–101. Phillips, M. L., Young, A . W., Senior, C., Brammer, M., Andrew, C., Calder, A . J., et al.(1997). A specific neural substrate for perceiving facial expressions of disgust.Nature, 389(6 650), 4 95–4 98. Philippot P, Kornreich C, Blairy S, Baert I, Den Dulk A, Le Bon O, et al. (1999). Alcoholics’ deficits in the decoding of emotional facial expression. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research;23(6):1031–8. Russell, Stokes, Jones, , Czogalik, Rohelder.(1993). The role of nonverbal sensitivity in childhood psychopathology. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 17, 69–83. Shevrin, H., Fritzler, D., (1968). Visual evoked response corre-lates of unconscious mental processes. Science 161,295- 298. Shevrin, H., Dickman, S.,(1980). The psychological uncon-scious, a necessary assumption for all psychological theory?Am. Psychol. 35, 421 435.Snodgrass, J.M. (2000). Unconscious Perception: Theory,Method, and Evidence. John Benjamins, Amsterdam. Stichter, J. P., Herzog, M. J., Visovsky, K., Schmidt, C., Randolph, J., Schultz, T., et al. (2010). Social competence intervention for youth with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism: An initial investigation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(9), 1067–1079.Turkstra, L. S., Williams, W. H., Tonks, J., & Frampton, I. (2008). Measuring social cognition in adolescents: Implications for students with TBI returning to school.Neuro Rehabilitation, 23(6), 501–509 http://iospress.met apress.com . Vicari ,S.Reilly,J.,Pasqualetti,P., Vizzoto,A. & Caltagirone,C. (2000). Recognition of facial expressions of emotions in school-age children: The intersection of perceptual and semantic categories. Acta Paediatrica, 89, 836–845. Walker, E. (1981). Emotion recognition in disturbed and normal children: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 22, 263–268. Whalen, P.J., Rauch, S.L., Etcoff, N.L., McInerney, S.C., Lee, M.B., & Jenike, M.A.(1998). Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdale activity without explicit knowledge. The Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 411–418. Wiener, J., & Schneider, B. H. (2002). A multisource exploration of the friendship patterns of children with and without learning disabilities. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(2), 127-141. Wong, P.S., Shevrin, H., Williams, W.J., (1994). Conscious and nonconscious processes: an ERP index of an anticipatory response in a conditioning paradigm using visually masked stimuli. Psychopsysiology 31, 87 101. Wong, P.S., Bernat, E., Bunce, S.C., Shevrin, H., (1997). Brain indices of nonconscious associative learning. Conscious.Cognit. 6, 519 544. Zabel, R. H. (1979). Recognition of emotions in facial expressions by emotionally disturbed and nondisturbed childre n. Psychology in Schools, 16, 119–126.
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2019-04-22T02:30:11Z
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http://jld.uma.ac.ir/article_363.html
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Security company Imperva released a grim study last month suggesting that costly security suites may not be worth the price tag and that all anti-virus programs suffer from huge blind spots. Doom-and-gloom research like this always requires a hefty grain of salt, but after speaking with numerous industry experts an entire shaker might be necessary.
Imperva looked at a variety of security solutions from such vendors as Kaspersky, Avast, AVG, Microsoft, and McAfee, to name a few. They pitted these sentinels against 82 randomly collected malware samples, examining how successful the security software was in detecting the rogue software.
From their work, Imperva asserts that anti-malware software is not fast or responsive enough to combat modern threats. Security software, writes Imperva, is "much better at detecting malware that spreads rapidly in massive quantities of identical samples, while variants that are of limited distribution (such as government sponsored attacks) usually leave a large window of opportunity."
They also found no correlation between the money users spend on virus protection and the security provided by software, and suggest that both individual and enterprise customers look at freeware alternatives.
The study has garnered a lot of attention, but when speaking with security professionals, and some of the companies named in the study, Security Watch found many who believe the study to be deeply flawed.
Just about every lab or security company felt that Imperva's sample size of malware was too small to support the conclusions made by the study. AV-Test's Andreas Marx told us that his firm receives about a million samples of new, unique malware per week. Similarly, Peter Stelzhammer from AV-Comparatives told us that they receive 142,000 new malicious files each day.
For their part, Imperva wrote in the study that they intentionally used a small sampling, but insist that it is demonstrative of existing threats. "Our selection of malware was not biased but was randomly taken from the Web reflecting a potential method for constructing an attack," writes Imperva.
NSS Labs research director Randy Abrams, however, had a sharply different interpretation of Imperva's methodology. "Searching for filenames is guaranteed to miss sophisticated attacks and most other malware too," Abrams told Security Watch, commenting on the means Imperva used to locate malware for the study. "Focusing on Russian forums significantly biases the sample collection. It is obvious that no thought went into obtaining a real-world, representative samples set."
To carry out their study, Imperva used the online tool VirusTotal to perform their tests which was cited as a critical weakness of the test. "The problem with this test is that it ripped threats, in the form of executable files, and then scanned those using VirusTotal," said Simon Edwards of Dennis Labs. "VT is not a suitable system to use when evaluating anti-malware products largely because the scanners used in VT are not supported by additional technology such as web reputation systems."
Kaspersky Labs, whose product was used in the study, also questioned the testing methodology employed by Imperva in the experiment. "When scanning for potentially dangerous files, the VirusTotal service used by Imperva's specialists does not use the full versions of antivirus products, but merely relies on a standalone scanner," wrote Kaspersky Labs in a statement issued to Security Watch.
"This approach means that the majority of protection technologies available in modern antivirus software are simply ignored. This also affects proactive technologies designed to detect new, unknown threats."
Notably, a portion of VirusTotal's website discourages anyone from using their service in antivirus analysis. The company's 'About' section reads, "we are tired of repeating that the service was not designed as a tool to perform antivirus comparative analyses [...] Those who use VirusTotal to perform antivirus comparative analyses should know that they are making many implicit errors in their methodology."
Abrams also took a dim view on using VirusTotal to perform the study, saying that the tool can be used to skew results towards those desired by testers. "Competent, experienced testers know better than to use VirusTotal to assess protection abilities of anything other than a pure command line scanner," he said.
Imperva defended the use of VirusTotal in their study. "The essence of the report is not a comparison of antivirus products," writes Imperva. "Rather, the purpose is to measure the efficacy of a single antivirus solution as well as combined antivirus solutions given a random set of malware samples."
While the experts we spoke with agreed that zero-day vulnerabilities and newly created malware are a problem, none supported Imperva's assertions about timing or low detection rates. "The lowest protection rates during a 'real-world' zero-day test are 64-69 percent," Marx told Security Watch. "On average, we saw a protection rate of 88-90 percent for all tested products, this means, 9 out of 10 attacks will be successfully blocked, only 1 will actually cause an infection."
Another key conclusion of the Imperva report was that anti-malware software is well understood by malware creators, who tweak their creations to subvert protection systems. "Attackers understand antivirus products in depth, become familiar with their weak points, identify antivirus product's strong points, and understand their methods for handling the high incidence of new virus propagation in the Internet," writes Imperva in the study.
The study continues, "variants that are of limited distribution (such as government sponsored attacks) usually leave a large window of opportunity."
"The malware guys are really tough, they're strong and intelligent," said Stelzhammer. "A targeted attack is always dangerous." But he and others stressed that targeted attacks where the malware is specifically tailored against anti-malware is as rare as it is dangerous.
The effort and information required to create a piece of malware to defeat every layer of protection is great. "Such a test requires a lot of time and skills, so they are not cheap," wrote Marx. "But that's the reason why they are called 'targeted.'"
On this point, Abrams quipped, "Frankly, I am really not concerned with Stuxnet getting into my computer and attacking a uranium enriching centrifuge at my home or employer's office."
Nearly everyone we spoke to agreed, at least in principle, that free anti-malware solutions could provide worthwhile protection for users. However, most disagreed that it was a viable option for enterprise customers. Stelzhammer points out that even if corporate users wanted to use free software, the licensing agreements sometimes prevent them from doing so.
"It's not all about detection," said Stelzhammer in an interview with Security Watch. "It's about administration, it's about rolling out to the clients, its about overview. You will not get this with a free product."
An informed user at home, continued Stelzhammer, could use layers of free software to provide protection comparable to paid software but at the cost of simplicity. "He can arrange a well protected system with free software, but the biggest advantage of paid software is convenience."
However, Edwards of Dennis Labs disagreed with the favorable comparison with free software. "This is counter to all of our findings over many years of testing," said Edwards. "Almost without exception the best products are paid-for." These findings are similar to PC Magazine's testing of anti-malware software.
Since the publication of the study last month, Imperva has written a blog post defending their position. Speaking to Security Watch, Imperva director of security strategy Rob Rachwald said, "Any critique focusing on our methodology is missing the reality we see today." He went on to say that most data breaches are the result of malware intrusion, which the company sees as proof that the current anti-malware model is simply not working.
While there may be some inherent truth to Imperva's conclusions, none of the experts we spoke with viewed the study positively. "Typically, I warn against vendor sponsored tests, but if this test had been performed by an independent organization I would warn against the organization itself," wrote Abrams of NSS Labs. "It is rare that I encounter such an incredibly unsophisticated methodology, improper sample collection criteria, and unsupported conclusions wrapped up in a single PDF."
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2019-04-18T22:35:36Z
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http://securitywatch.pcmag.com/security-software/306552-experts-slam-imperva-antivirus-study
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By using the Platforms, you warrant and represent that (a) you are 18 years of age or older or the age of majority in the jurisdiction where you reside; or (b) that your parent or legal guardian has reviewed this Agreement and agrees to its terms. If you (or your parent or legal guardian) do not agree to the terms of this Agreement, you must immediately discontinue use of the Platforms and uninstall any Apps that you have installed. You further warrant and represent that all information you provide to us when you use the Platforms is and will remain complete and accurate.
The Platforms include all materials that are included in or are otherwise a part of the Platforms (including past, present and future versions of the Platforms), including, without limitation: graphics; layout; text; instructions; images; trademarks; logos; service marks; audio; videos; designs; ringtones; wallpapers; games; contests and sweepstakes; voting; technology; applications; artwork; information; data; designs; compilation; advertising copy; domain names; any and all copyrightable material (including source and object code); the "look and feel" of the Platforms; the compilation, assembly and arrangement of the materials of the Platforms; and all other materials related to the Platforms (collectively, "Materials"). Subject to your strict compliance with this Agreement and any Additional Terms, AG hereby grants to you a limited, personal, revocable, noncommercial, nonexclusive, non-assignable, and nontransferable license to access and view the Materials (excluding source and object code, other than as made available to access and use via standard web browsers to enable display on your device); and, if you use one of our Apps on an App Platform, to use the App as permitted by the Usage Rules set forth in the App Platform's Terms of Service. No other use of the Platforms or Materials is authorized.
The products, technology, or processes described or used on the Platforms may be the subject of intellectual property rights owned or licensed by AG or other third-parties. Except for the limited license granted above, nothing contained in this Agreement or anywhere else on the Platforms confers to you in any manner, whether by implication, estoppel or otherwise, any license, title, or ownership of or to any intellectual property right of AG or any third-party. AG reserves all rights not expressly granted by this Agreement. When you use the Platforms, you must: (a) keep intact all copyright, trademark and other proprietary notices; (b) make no modifications to the Platforms or Materials; and (c) not copy or adapt any object code associated with the Platforms, reverse engineer, modify or attempt to discover any source code associated with the Platforms (nor allow or assist any third-party to do so).
You agree that you will not sell, resell, copy, transfer, reverse engineer, disassemble, decompile, create derivative works of, or allow third-party access to the Platforms, that you will not use, post, transmit, or introduce any device, software, or routine which interferes or attempts to interfere with the operation of the Platforms, and that you will not take any action that imposes an unreasonable or disproportionately large load on the infrastructure of the Platforms. You will use the Platforms solely for your own personal use and will not make the Platforms available to any third-party for any reason. You further agree that you will not, including by use of any robot, scraper, or other data mining technology or process, frame, mask, extract data or other materials from, copy or distribute any portion of the Platforms (except as may be a result of standard search engine or Internet browser usage).
AG grants you the limited, revocable permission, subject to the restrictions in this Agreement, to engage in the following personal uses of Materials that include the ability to share Materials with others ("Social Distribution"): (a) sending Materials to friends or acquaintances or posting and displaying a copy of Materials on a personal, non-commercial website, provided that you do not charge for access to the Materials or associate those Materials with advertising; or (b) posting and displaying a copy of the Materials on a third-party website that permits users to post content, so long as the posting is allowed pursuant to the third-party website's terms and conditions and policies, and provided that the third-party website does not charge for access to those materials or associate those materials with products, services or advertising. If you engage in Social Distribution, you agree that you will not post any performance claims about an AG product or service through your Social Distribution and that only AG may make claims, promises or statements on behalf of AG about its products and services. You also agree that you will not imply that you and AG or any AG brand are affiliated in any way or that AG approves of your Social Distribution. Except as otherwise permitted by this Agreement, you may not make any use of or license, distribute, reproduce, or otherwise exploit any part of the Materials. AG may, and reserves the right to, revoke AG's permission for Social Distribution at any time and for any reason, and you agree to immediately cease Social Distribution upon notice of revocation and to comply with any terms we post in connection with the Social Distribution of Materials.
You have obtained the consent of any and all individuals mentioned or pictured in the User Content; Uploading the User Content onto the Platforms will not infringe the privacy of any individual or violate any applicable law; and Uploading the User Content onto the Platforms and any subsequent publication of such User Content does not infringe the intellectual property rights of any third-party.
The Platforms may offer features and services that are available to you via your mobile phone or other mobile device. These features and services may include, without limitation, the ability to upload User Content to the Platforms, receive messages (e.g., SMS and MMS messages, in-App messages, and on-device notifications) from the Platforms, download applications to your mobile phone or device, or access Platforms features (collectively, the "Mobile Features"). We may charge you for Mobile Features. Also, standard messaging, data and other fees may be charged by your carrier. Fees and charges will appear on your mobile bill or be deducted from your pre-paid balance. Your carrier may prohibit or restrict certain Mobile Features and certain Mobile Features may be incompatible with your carrier or mobile device. Contact your carrier with questions regarding these issues. If you have registered for Mobile Features, you agree that we may send communications to your mobile device regarding AG, or other parties, and collect information related to your use of the Mobile Features. You agree to notify us of any changes to your mobile number and update your account(s) on the Platforms to reflect any such changes. If you receive SMS or MMS messages from AG or one of the Platforms, you may opt-out of such messages by texting "STOP" to the applicable short code for the mobile feature. You may also text "HELP" or contact us for support.
either your or the recipient's carrier does not support video messaging.
There may be other reasons for a delivery failure as well. AG does not provide refunds for electronic messages or cards that are not delivered due to technical issues for which AG is not responsible.
If you sign up to receive promotional or marketing text messages (including SMS and MMS messages) from us, you acknowledge and agree that we may send such messages using an autodialer to the number you provide. You acknowledge and agree that you are not required to receive our text messages, and that you are not required to agree to receive text messages as a condition of purchasing any property, goods, or services.
If AG provides functionality for you to send an eCard via text message (including through the use of SMS and MMS technologies) and you send such a text message, you represent and warrant that you have the consent of the recipient to send that text message. You further acknowledge and agree that, as between you and AG, you are the sender of such an eCard and AG acts merely as a delivery agent.
Illegal or fraudulent messages or User Content, or that which promotes illegal or fraudulent conduct.
Damage the Platforms or anyone's computer.
In addition, if you use one of our Apps on an App Platform, you acknowledge and agree that your use of the App is also subject to the App Platform's Usage Rules, and that you must also comply with any and all applicable third-party terms of agreement when using the App.
You are solely responsible for your actions and communications undertaken or transmitted using the Platforms and your account with AG.
All of the Materials available on the Platforms are subject to copyright or are used by us under license from the copyright holder. AG currently utilizes copyrighted materials from various individuals and entities. Copyright notices for such material are set forth wherever such licensed material appears on the Platforms.
You may not use the Platforms for any purpose or in any manner that infringes the rights of any third party. AG encourages you to report any content on the Platforms that you believe infringes your rights. Only the intellectual property rights owner or person authorized to act on behalf of the owner can report potentially infringing content. If you have a good faith belief that content on the Platforms infringes your copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights, please follow the procedures set forth below.
Pursuant to Title 17, United States Code, Section 512(c)(2), notifications of claimed copyright infringement should be sent to AG's Designated Agent (identified below). THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS PROVIDED EXCLUSIVELY FOR NOTIFYING THE SERVICE PROVIDER REFERENCED BELOW THAT YOUR COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL MAY HAVE BEEN INFRINGED. ALL OTHER INQUIRIES (e.g., REQUESTS FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE OR CUSTOMER SERVICE, REPORTS OF EMAIL ABUSE, AND PIRACY REPORTS), WILL NOT RECEIVE A RESPONSE THROUGH THIS PROCESS.
A statement by you made and signed under penalty of perjury, that the above information in your notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf.
We may, in appropriate circumstances and at our discretion, disable or terminate the accounts of users who may be repeat infringers.
Your name, address, telephone number, and e-mail address, a statement that you consent to the jurisdiction of the federal courts located in Ohio, and a statement that you will accept service of process from the person who provided notification of the alleged infringement.
If a counter-notice is received by the Designated Agent, AG may send a copy of the counter-notice to the original complaining party informing that person that AG may restore the removed User Content or cease disabling it in 10 business days. Unless the copyright owner files an action seeking a court order against the User Content provider, the removed User Content may be restored in 10 to 14 business days or more after receipt of the counter-notice, at AG's sole discretion.
Use of any AG trademarks as meta-tags for search engines, as keywords to trigger sponsored advertising, or in any other manner not expressly authorized by AG, is strictly prohibited. If you believe that any content on a AG Platform violates your exclusive rights other than copyrights, please provide AG at least the following information: (a) your physical or electronic signature; (b) identification of the material that you claim is infringing your exclusive rights and information reasonably sufficient to permit us to locate the material; (c) an explanation of the exclusive rights that you own/have and why the you believe the content infringes those rights that is sufficient for us to evaluate your complaint; and (d) your accurate contact information. Please submit your complaint to [email protected]. In the event of any third-party claim that one of our Apps available on an App Platform or your possession of an App available on an App Platform infringes on a third-party's intellectual property rights, as between AG and the App Platform, AG will be responsible for the investigation, defense, settlement and discharge of any such intellectual property infringement claim.
You may not use the Platforms to send electronic messages, cards, or other content to mailing lists or to any person to which you do not have full rights or to send unsolicited bulk or commercial messages. In addition, the use of automated scripting-type programs that automate the process of sending or viewing any of the Materials is strictly prohibited. AG reserves the right to limit, in its sole discretion and without prior notice to you, the number of electronic messages or cards or the amount of other content that you may send using the Platforms or the number of recipients to whom you send such cards, messages, or other content. You are solely responsible for your actions and communications undertaken or transmitted using the Platforms and your account with AG. Neither we nor our affiliates exercise editorial control over your transmissions; however, we do reserve the right to review your uploaded User Content and transmissions in order to ensure compliance with this Agreement.
You may choose, at your sole and absolute discretion and risk, to use applications or other functionality that enable interactions between the Platforms and a third-party website or online service (each, an "Application"), such as linking your profile on any of the Platforms with a third-party website or enabling you to "like" a product or "share" content on other websites. Such Applications may interact with, connect to or gather and/or pull information from and to your profile on the Platforms. By using such Applications, you acknowledge and agree to the following: (i) if you use an Application to share information relating to your Platform accounts, you are consenting to the information about your account being shared; (ii) your use of an Application may cause personally identifying information to be publicly disclosed and/or associated with you, even if AG has not provided such information; and (iii) your use of an Application is at your own option and risk, and you will hold AG harmless for the sharing of information relating to your Platform accounts that results from your use of an Application. You must read all log-in boxes and other pop-up boxes closely for notices about sharing your account information with, through or by any other means identified on an Application.
AG may feature on the Platforms, in its newsletters, or in other communications to you, links to third-party websites, social media platforms, or other services. These may appear in the form of text links, advertisements, banners, buttons, integrated gift services, digital cash, digital gift certificates, or otherwise. Accordingly, you expressly acknowledge and agree that we are in no way affiliated with such third party sites or otherwise responsible or liable for your use of any such third-party sites or online features. Your use of such services is subject to the terms and conditions established by such third-parties. THE INFORMATION, CONTENT, AND PRODUCTS (INCLUDING GOODS AND SERVICES) AVAILABLE THROUGH ANY THIRD-PARTY LINKS (COLLECTIVELY, "THIRD-PARTY PRODUCTS") ARE OFFERED BY INDEPENDENT ENTITIES, WHICH ARE NOT AFFILIATED IN ANY WAY WITH AG. YOU EXPRESSLY ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT AG IS NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE TO YOU IN ANY WAY FOR YOUR USE OF THIRD PARTY SITES OR YOUR PURCHASE OF THIRD-PARTY PRODUCTS. YOUR CORRESPONDENCE AND BUSINESS DEALINGS WITH THIRD-PARTIES FOUND THROUGH THE AG PLATFORMS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE PAYMENT AND DELIVERY OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, INCLUDING (IF APPLICABLE) IN-APP PURCHASES, GIFT CARDS AND ANY TERMS, CONDITIONS, WARRANTIES, AND REPRESENTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ANY SUCH DEALINGS, ARE SOLELY BETWEEN YOU AND THE THIRD-PARTY AND AG IS NOT IN ANY WAY RESPONSIBLE FOR YOUR USE. AG WILL NOT REIMBURSE OR INDEMNIFY YOU FOR ANY LOSSES YOU MAY INCUR AS A RESULT OF TRANSACTIONS WITH ANY THIRD-PARTY. There may be circumstances where access to the Platforms is provided by a link located at another website. Neither AG nor its affiliates makes any representations or give any warranties with respect to any information contained in or at these other sites and neither AG nor its affiliates shall be liable for any damages or injury arising from the content of these other sites. Neither AG nor its affiliates endorses the individuals, companies, or other similar entities, or any products, services or materials associated with such individuals, companies, or other similar entities, that provide a link to the Platforms.
The Platforms may contain or offer sweepstakes, contests, or other promotions, which may be governed by a separate set of official rules and have eligibility requirements, such as certain age or geographic area restrictions. It is your responsibility to read the applicable rules to determine whether your participation, registration or entry will be valid or restricted and to determine the sponsor's requirements of you in connection with the applicable sweepstakes, contest, or promotion.
Some of the features of the AG Platforms, including the purchase of electronic and paper cards, digital products, services, memberships and subscriptions (collectively, "Products and Services"), and the delivery thereof, will require you to pay a fee.
Some of the features of the Platforms, including the purchase of electronic and paper cards, digital products, services, memberships and subscriptions (collectively, "Products and Services"), and the delivery thereof, will require you to pay a fee. You agree to pay those amounts shown to you during the checkout or similar process. The delivery of any Products and Services to you does not transfer any commercial or promotional rights in the Products and Services. You may not resell, rent, lease or provide the Products or Services to any person and you shall not modify, publish, participate in the transfer or sale of, reproduce, or create new works from, any of the Products or Services in whole or in part. You are specifically prohibited from using any of the Products or Services to send commercial advertising or mass mailings of any kind. AG may also impose limits on certain features and services or restrict your access to parts or all of the Product and Services without notice or liability. Once you download a digital product from the Platform, it is your responsibility not to lose, destroy or damage it.
Title and risk of loss for any physical product purchases pass to you upon our delivery to our carrier. When you place an order, we will not charge you until we ship the items ordered. We reserve the right to ship partial orders (at no additional cost to you), and the portion of any order that is partially shipped may be charged at the time of shipment.
You understand that the Products, Services and content we provide on the Platforms is subject to change at any time, and that Products, Services and content may be added or removed at AG's discretion. Such changes may include, among other things: the addition or removal of content, Products and/or Services, the requirement that you pay to have access to certain content, Products and/or Services and content, Products and/or Services that you have previously paid for being made available at no charge. We make reasonable efforts to accurately display the attributes of our products, including the applicable colors; however, the actual color you see will depend on your computer system, and we cannot guarantee that your computer will accurately display such colors. The inclusion of any Products or Services on Platforms at a particular time does not imply or warrant that these Products or Services will be available at any time. If you choose to send content through the Platforms on a per send basis, you may send the content you have purchased for 30 days. Any subsequent sends, even of the same content, will require additional payment. There is no refund for per send content.
It is your responsibility to ascertain and obey all applicable local, state, federal and international laws (including minimum age requirements) in regard to the possession, use and sale of any item purchased through our site. By placing an order, you represent that the products ordered will be used only in a lawful manner. We reserve the right, with or without prior notice, to limit the available quantity of or discontinue any Product or Service; to honor, or impose conditions on the honoring of, any coupon, coupon code, promotional code or other similar promotions; to bar any user from making any or all purchase(s); and/or to refuse to provide any user with any Product or Service.
Gift cards ("Gift Cards"), are issued by a third-party and any unused balances are not redeemable for cash and cannot be returned for a cash refund (except as required by law), exchanged, resold, or used to purchase gift cards. Unused balances are not transferable. Gift cards may be redeemed through the Platform only in the United States, its territories and possessions. The Gift Card value is 1/10 of one cent. AG is not responsible if a Gift Card is lost, stolen, destroyed or used without your permission. Risk of loss and title for a Gift Card pass to the purchaser upon the electronic transmission to the purchaser, recipient or delivery to the carrier, whichever is applicable.
You are responsible for all usage or activity on your Personal Account, including the use of the account by any third-party authorized by you to use your password. Any fraudulent, abusive, or otherwise illegal activity may be grounds for termination of your Personal Account and any Subscription(s), in our sole discretion. AG reserves the right to disclose any personal information included in your Personal Account or related to your use of the Platforms, Products and Services, to third-parties in the course of investigating abuse of our Products and Services and to forward such information to appropriate law enforcement agencies. You must notify AG of any known or suspected unauthorized use of your Personal Account, or any known or suspected breach of security, including loss, theft, or unauthorized disclosure of your password or credit card information.
If you are under the age of 18, you may only purchase Products or Services with the permission of a parent or guardian. AG reserves the right to refuse service, terminate accounts or cancel orders in its sole discretion. AG reserves the right to terminate your Personal Account for violation of any of these rules.
You agree that you will pay all fees and charges that may be accrued by or in connection with your Personal Account at the rates in effect for the billing period in which such fees and charges are incurred. AG reserves the right in its sole discretion to bill fees and charges to any of the payment methods you have included in your Personal Account. All information that you provide to us or our third party payment processor must be accurate, current and complete. YOU REPRESENT AND WARRANT THAT YOU HAVE THE LEGAL RIGHT TO USE ANY CREDIT CARD(S) OR OTHER PAYMENT MEANS USED TO INITIATE ANY TRANSACTION. Billing occurs at the time of purchase. Rates may change at any time. Verification of information applicable to a purchase may be required prior to our acceptance of any order. AG does not provide price protection or refunds if the price for particular Products or Services previously purchased by you is lowered or is part of a promotional offer. All Products or Services purchased on a non-Subscription basis (individual downloads, shipped products, paper cards, per send iPad content, etc.) or promotional offerings are final and non-refundable. For information about refunds on a Subscription, refer to the section titled, "Subscriptions".
All purchases include applicable sales taxes in effect at the time of purchase and will be based on the bill-to address provided in the Personal Account. No customers are eligible for tax exemptions for purchases made on this site.
If you purchase Products and Services, you must provide a method of payment to AG, such as a credit card account number or a checking account number. AG will charge or debit the then-current Subscription price to your method of payment. If you have purchased a Subscription, AG will automatically renew your Subscription and charge your method of payment at the end of the applicable term for the then-current Subscription fee in accordance with our auto-renewal program as stated in this Agreement. AG charges a separate service fee for payments made by a checking account (to offset the cost of this payment method). Any service fee charges are non-refundable. In no event will AG be liable for any NSF or other bank fees resulting directly or indirectly from any debits to your checking account.
Certain Products and Services can be purchased through Premium SMS Billing. These charges are processed by your mobile phone carrier, and third-parties designated by your carrier. The charges will appear on your mobile phone bill during the next billing cycle after your purchase. Purchases made by Premium SMS are final and non-refundable, even in the event of technical incompatibility or non-functionality of the content. Questions or problems relating to Premium SMS Billing should be addressed to your mobile phone carrier.
The Platforms may not be used as a media storage service. We will not store photos, videos or other media for longer than 13 months (and in our sole discretion and without liability, we may remove photos before thirteen months). We cannot guarantee the availability of media storage, or of the quality or resolution of any media saved on the Platforms. Additionally, we may reduce the size or resolution of any media you submit on the Platforms in order to make them compatible with our systems and processes. For more information about our practices with regard to media storage, see the FAQ section on our website.
The Platforms may provide certain content that you may choose to include on your personal web page, blog, page on a social networking site, or similar page ("Personal Page") by pasting into your Personal Page the HTML or other code provided by AG and labeled as embed code (or a similar identifying label) ("Widget"). AG grants you a limited, revocable license, subject to the restrictions in this Agreement, to include the Widget, as provided by AG (without editing) on your Personal Page only. You agree that you will not include or otherwise make available a Widget on a web page or website containing content that is distasteful, unlawful, harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, tortious, defamatory, vulgar, obscene, libelous, invasive of another's privacy, hateful, or racially, ethnically or otherwise objectionable (in AG's sole opinion). As described in the "Disclaimer of Warranties" section of this Agreement, AG makes no specific warranties about Widgets. AG may discontinue providing the services necessary for the Widgets to operate at any time for any reason without any liability to you. In addition, AG may disable Widgets that you include on any Personal Page if you violate this Agreement (as determined by AG in its sole discretion) or for any or no reason, without any liability to you. You agree that AG's license grant to you to use a Widget on your Personal Page does not provide you with any intellectual property rights, including copyrights, in the materials made available via any Widget. You agree to not sell, lease, hypothecate, transfer, license, distribute, reproduce, encumber or otherwise exploit the content made available in a Widget, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of AG. You agree to include, and not remove or alter, AG's trademark, copyright or other proprietary rights notices, as provided by AG on the Widget. You also agree to not use (or attempt to use) the Widget to display content other than the content provided or intended by AG to be displayed via a particular Widget. Except as expressly stated otherwise, the Widget and any and all content provided through the Widget are subject to this Agreement in their entirety.
THE AG PLATFORMS (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE MATERIALS, INFORMATION, LINKS, MESSAGES, PRODUCTS OR SERVICES PROVIDED ON THE AG PLATFORMS, WIDGETS, MOBILE FEATURES, SOCIAL DISTRIBUTION, AND WIDGETS) ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS," "AS AVAILABLE," AND "WITH ALL FAULTS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, TITLE, CUSTOM, TRADE, QUIET ENJOYMENT, SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND FREEDOM FROM COMPUTER VIRUS. APPLICABLE LAW MAY NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, AG AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATED COMPANIES, AND THEIR RESPECTIVE OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, MANAGERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, SUPPLIERS, VENDORS, CONTENT PROVIDERS, LICENSORS, LICENSEES, AND OTHER REPRESENTATIVES (EACH AN "AG PARTY" AND, COLLECTIVELY, THE "AG PARTIES") DO NOT WARRANT THAT YOUR USE OF THE AG PLATFORMS WILL BE ERROR-FREE, TIMELY, UNINTERRUPTED, OR SECURE; THAT DEFECTS OR ERRORS WILL BE CORRECTED; OR THAT THE AG PLATFORMS OR THE SERVER THAT MAKES THE AG PLATFORMS AVAILABLE IS FREE FROM ANY HARMFUL COMPONENTS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, VIRUSES. THE AG PARTIES DO NOT MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES THAT THE INFORMATION ON THE AG PLATFORMS IS ACCURATE, COMPLETE, OR USEFUL. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOUR USE OF THE AG PLATFORMS IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK. YOU ASSUME TOTAL RESPONSIBILITY AND RISK FOR YOUR USE OF THE AG PLATFORMS AND YOUR RELIANCE THEREON. NO OPINION, ADVICE, OR STATEMENT OF ANY AG PARTY, WHETHER MADE ON THE AG PLATFORMS, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL CREATE ANY WARRANTY NOT EXPRESSLY STATED HEREIN.
YOU UNDERSTAND THAT BY USING THE AG PLATFORMS YOU ACT AT YOUR OWN RISK, AND YOU REPRESENT AND WARRANT THAT YOUR ACTIVITIES ARE LAWFUL IN THE JURISDICTION(S) WHERE YOU ACCESS OR USE THE AG PLATFORMS. THE AG PARTIES NEITHER ENDORSE NOR ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY OPINION, ADVICE, INFORMATION, STATEMENT, OR USER CONTENT MADE OR DISPLAYED ON THE AG PLATFORMS BY THIRD-PARTIES (INCLUDING ANY USER OF THE AG PLATFORMS) AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY TO ANY PERSON OR ENTITY FOR ANY LOSS, DAMAGE (WHETHER ACTUAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR OTHERWISE), INJURY, CLAIM, LIABILITY OR OTHER CAUSE OF ANY KIND OR CHARACTER BASED UPON OR RESULTING FROM SUCH CONTENT OBTAINED ON OR THROUGH THE AG PLATFORMS. PLEASE REMEMBER THAT IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO EVALUATE THE ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF ANY OPINION, ADVICE, INFORMATION OR STATEMENT AVAILABLE ON THE AG PLATFORMS. A POSSIBILITY EXISTS THAT THE AG PLATFORMS COULD INCLUDE INACCURACIES OR ERRORS. ADDITIONALLY, A POSSIBILITY EXISTS THAT UNAUTHORIZED ALTERATIONS COULD BE MADE TO THE AG PLATFORMS BY THIRD-PARTIES. ALTHOUGH WE ATTEMPT TO ENSURE THE INTEGRITY OF THE AG PLATFORMS, THE AG PARTIES MAKE NO GUARANTEES AS TO THE COMPLETENESS OR CORRECTNESS OF THE AG PLATFORMS. AG IS ALSO NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY FAILURE OF ELECTRONIC MESSAGES, CARDS, OR OTHER CONTENT REACHING THEIR INTENDED RECIPIENTS OR TO REACH SUCH RECIPIENTS ON THE DATE SPECIFIED BY THE SENDER. THE MATERIALS AVAILABLE ON THE AG PLATFORMS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.
AG AND YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE APP PLATFORM (IF YOU ARE USING ONE OF OUR APPS ON AN APP PLATFORM) HAS NO OBLIGATION TO FURNISH ANY MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT SERVICES WITH RESPECT TO THE APP.
IF YOU ARE USING ONE OF OUR APPS ON AN APP PLATFORM, THEN NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY IN THESE TERMS, AND SUBJECT TO THESE TERMS, AG AND YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT AS BETWEEN THE APP PLATFORM AND AG, AG IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ADDRESSING ANY CLAIMS YOU MAY HAVE RELATING TO THE APP OR YOUR POSSESSION AND/OR USE OF THE APP, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO: (I) PRODUCT LIABILITY CLAIMS; (II) ANY CLAIM THAT THE APP FAILS TO CONFORM TO ANY APPLICABLE LEGAL OR REGULATORY REQUIREMENT; AND (III) CLAIMS ARISING UNDER CONSUMER PROTECTION OR SIMILAR LEGISLATION.
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL THE AG PARTIES BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY AND/OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES) (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOST PROFITS OR ATTORNEYS' FEES) ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATING, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, TO (A) THE AG PLATFORMS (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ALL MATERIALS, WIDGETS, MOBILE FEATURES, SOCIAL DISTRIBUTION, APPLICATIONS, AND INFORMATION, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES CONTAINED ON OR AVAILABLE ON OR THROUGH THE AG PLATFORMS); (B) USER CONTENT; (C) YOUR USE OF, INABILITY TO USE, OR THE PERFORMANCE OF THE AG PLATFORMS; (E) ANY ACTION TAKEN IN CONNECTION WITH AN INVESTIGATION BY THE AG PARTIES OR LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES REGARDING YOUR USE OF THE AG PLATFORMS; (F) ANY ACTION TAKEN IN CONNECTION WITH COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MATTERS; (G) ANY ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN THE TECHNICAL OPERATION OF THE AG PLATFORMS; OR (H) ANY DAMAGE TO ANY USER'S COMPUTER, MOBILE DEVICE, HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, OR OTHER EQUIPMENT OR TECHNOLOGY INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGE FROM ANY SECURITY BREACH OR FROM ANY VIRUS, BUGS, TAMPERING, FRAUD, ERROR, OMISSION, INTERRUPTION, DEFECT, DELAY IN OPERATION OR TRANSMISSION, COMPUTER LINE OR NETWORK FAILURE OR ANY OTHER TECHNICAL OR OTHER MALFUNCTION, EVEN IF FORESEEABLE OR EVEN IF THE AG PARTIES HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WHETHER CAUSED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY NEGLIGENCE, ACTS OF GOD, TELECOMMUNICATIONS FAILURE, OR DESTRUCTION OF THE AG PLATFORMS). IN NO EVENT WILL THE AG PARTIES BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANYONE ELSE FOR LOSS, DAMAGE OR INJURY, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
YOUR SOLE REMEDY FOR DISSATISFACTION WITH ANY PORTION OF THE AG PLATFORMS IS TO STOP USING THE AG PLATFORMS, AND THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE MAXIMUM AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE AG PARTIES FOR ALL DAMAGES, LOSSES, AND CAUSES OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR OTHERWISE) SHALL BE THE GREATER OF TEN DOLLARS ($10.00) OR THE TOTAL AMOUNT PAID BY YOU, IF ANY, TO ACCESS THE AG PLATFORMS.
YOU AGREE THAT IN THE EVENT YOU INCUR ANY DAMAGES, LOSSES OR INJURIES THAT ARISE OUT OF AG'S ACTS OR OMISSIONS, THE DAMAGES, IF ANY, CAUSED TO YOU ARE NOT IRREPARABLE OR SUFFICIENT TO ENTITLE YOU TO AN INJUNCTION PREVENTING ANY EXPLOITATION OF THE AG PLATFORMS OR ANY AG WEB SITES, MOBILE APPS, PROPERTY, PRODUCT, SERVICE, OR OTHER AG PLATFORM CONTENT OWNED OR CONTROLLED BY THE AG PARTIES, AND YOU WILL HAVE NO RIGHTS TO ENJOIN OR RESTRAIN THE DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, ADVERTISING, EXHIBITION OR EXPLOITATION OF ANY AG PLATFORM, MOBILE APP, PROPERTY, PRODUCT, SERVICE, OR OTHER SITE CONTENT OWNED OR CONTROLLED BY THE AG PARTIES.
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2019-04-24T04:40:18Z
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https://www.paperrebel.com/terms-of-service
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Now here’s a quick post on installing OpenTopoMap rather than open streets, these the same maps as open streets but have contour lines on them as well, Oh so useful when backpacking, which I shall be doing next year 2018. The maps are updated everyweek.
http://garmin.opentopomap.org/ is the address to download the files for your Garmin device, from the screen you can download the files that can be placed directly onto your Garmin, ‘using the Garmin icon’, (rather than the Win or PC) In my case France as I there.
For info you can also download this to Basecamp, (just us the Win download option and read my previous post on how to install to Basecamp as its the same as open streets. though no real need if you have already installed Open streets as Basecamp is unable to use the contours lines as it’s really two maps rather than one, Top of the line Garmin application and unable to use maps with overlays , doh…….
Trying to add waypoint to a certain place on the map in your Garmin 64s is sadly more than just complicated.
There is for instance a ‘mark’ button on the left hand side of the front of the machine, so obviously you say to yourself , cool, I’ll just place the cursor over the area that I want a waypoint, and it will create a way point for me BUT NO, this doesn’t work, it does actually create a waypoint but at your home position, I wanted to create some waypoints about 600 kms from my home. STUPIDO 64s ……..
So here what you have to do to create a waypoint where you have actually placed the cursor. With the cursor where you want your waypoint to be, hit the Enter button, then the Menu button then you can choose the menu to save the waypoint. As Spock would have said logic no ???
This will create a waymark (blue flag) with just a number #1 if its your first waypoint, you can’t name it yet, to name it ‘Camping site, picnic area etc.) you have go into the main menu, then Setup, choose Waypoint Manager and there you will be able to see all waypoints created,and from here you can name the waypoint to something more telling than waypoint #1…..
From the menu waypoint manager you can delete all waypoints by just pressing the menu button and delete all, to delete a individual waypoint, it’s just a little less obvious (of course) hit the enter button while over the waymark in the listing, from here you can rename the waypoint, although even that’s not obvious, (just use the middle buton to go up to the top of the screen to cahnge the name or press the menu button and you will now have a new pop-up menu to delete, move or a set proximity alert for instance, as usual not obvious, lets keep on dancing Garmin… Another way to delete waypoints or rename them is by using Basecamp.
The trip odometer is really screwed up with the original settings when you first use the 64s.
Why ? Because even if you don’t move it, like sitting down for a break, it will keep on counting the miles, or in my case kilometres.
“From the Main Menu > Setup > Tracks > Record Method, set to Distance > Interval, ) set to 0.06 miles or for those using kilometers 0.10 Kms, (the original setting were 0000.01 if my memory is correct), I’ve set it to distance, rather than time or auto, though this is for you to try.
Of course if Garmin had implemented an auto pause as they have in most of their GPS this wouldn’t be necessary.
Setup > Tracks > Record Method, set to Time 00:00:05 (actually on my watch its 1 sec rather than 5 secs), this makes the GPX look pretty decent when you look at it, but again if you stop, for a pee, lunch, sightseeing it will keep on recording the distance, so I no longer use the trip counter, as its just not usable.
Garmen have their own maps that are pretty good. Sadly they are pretty expensive as well. (on my Edge 705 I had bought their Topo France 25:000 but not once did I have update, and of course their maps are for a one machine only so when I sold the 705 the map went with it) no way of transferring to my other GPS.
So this time I decided to try the Openstreets that I was seeing on all the forums, basically its maps that are updated in real time by users like myself and maybe you .
Tick which style of map you want, I chose the second option ‘Generic Routable (new style)’ as after a couple of tests, this seems the best for me, walking, hiking etc (the third option, seems to be for those who bike.
The map type to choose depends on your intended use for the map. Make sure the radio button for your map is selected or click the radio button to select it.
If you are reading this and have a smaller GPS, a Edge 520 for instance that doesn’t have enough room then you’ll have to use the third section ‘Perhaps you’d like to add some additional tiles?’, and choose what part of the country you need. it’s fairly obvious how to do it, except that your will leave and email address and you will receive a link to download the part of the country that you had chosen.
Anyway back to France in one go, once chosen in the pop-up menu, you can then click on Download map now! and it will take you to a new page.
Once downloaded (which takes quite a while) run the .exe under admin (right-click with the mouse and run as Admin) and with Basecamp CLOSED.. this will then add the map to Basecamp and after you can use Basecamp to install the map on the 64 or any other garmin devices that allows you to install maps.
Open Basecamp (you did close it didn’t you…) and now on the menu bar / maps you will see your map or maps in my case.
The other way but this will not install on Basecamp is to download the ‘osm_generic_new_gmapsupp.zip‘ file, when downloaded dezip it and drag and drop the gmapsupp.img file to the internal drive on your 64.
Openstreet update all the time their maps (unlike Garmin) , so don’t hesitate to do this regularly especially if you are like me and add tracks, paths, to https://www.openstreetmap.org I recently added a path that was missing in my village, its now are the latest version of the map, that’s nice to see.
In this and the following posts I’ll try to add bits of information that I think may be of use to others.
Why ? The Garmin explications are a pure waste of time, they explain next to nothing , more nothing than next to …..
To learn how to use it correctly and to its full potential, I have started browsing through many forums trying to find out how things work, what are some of the menus for etc etc., Some I’ve learnt by myself, most of I’ve learned online from all over the place so I will try to group the useful ones here for you.
Now when the Garmin starts up, you’ll have the last line’s message showing on the screen, useless but fun.
I’ve just bought a Garmin GPSMAP 64s : this is for when I start hiking and trekking in 2018. From 2018 onwards I will be retired and will have more time on my hands and am looking to add more activities to what I already do, trekking / hiking being the next one to add to my list.
The garmin 64s has a nice big screen the trace that I had uploaded on it before shows up just fine.
As I stated this is a waste of time with the 64s, as it doesn’t work.
I use Garmin Connect for all my running and biking activities, being used to just plugging in my old Edge 705, or uploading via bluetooth from my Forerunner 220 or the Edge 520 and I’d thought the 64s would be just the same, after all hiking / walking is just like running no ? it’s a sport no ?…….. and therefore it’s interesting to see how far you’ve walked, in what time, how long you rested, your heart rate etc etc.
Ok some say you can use Garmin Basecamp, but this is for seeing, modifying routes and tracks, and I already use this to check out routes that I want to see or do and modify if need be before uploading to now the 64 (before on my 705), but it’s just a mapping program, Garmin Connect is more for data, seeing all my activities etc and even worse you can’t even export the data from Basecamp to Connect. Two programs from Garmin both usefull in their own right and no way that they can talk to each other.
Garmin, you just don’t understand ….
Now like my old Edge 705, you can have loads of data panels on one big screen, ‘photo below) this is great, having mostly all the data that you require while walking.
I knew that I had reset the screen while setting up the machine a week ago or so, what I didn’t realise is that the total odometer cannot be reset, unless you do a full hard reset, only the trip odometer can be reset before a hike for instance, which I had done again before my walk, later playing with it the machine and checking Garmin forums I found out that while the machine is on, the trip odometer ‘counts’ even when you are not moving for instance while you take a break or have a rest or even if you place it on a table so that there is no movement what so ever, the trip counts on and on and on…., in other words, leave it for ten minutes and you’ll have a 1KM or so recorded and of course this adds to the total odometer.
So if you you are like me interested in seeing how many kms you have walked while using the 64, well you can’t.
“From the Main Menu > Setup > Tracks > Record Method, set to Distance > Interval, set to 0.06 miles or for those using kilometers 0.10 Kms, the original setting is less, also I’ve set it to distance, rather than time or auto.
Now this helps if you are outdoors, inside it changes nothing, I’m playing with and trying to find out more about this setting, and will try set it to 0000.15 rather than 0000.10 this should allow for gps wandering and eliminate it. ‘a suivre’ as they say in French…….
Garmin WE NEED AN AUTO PAUSE, nothing complicated, its on all your other machines…….
Now if only I could to reset the total odometer without hard resetting the machine Grrrrr …..
Screen shots from my Garmin Connect account.
also 4h12 activity instead of 3h36 and no calorie count.
The correct information is shown from the Forerunner 220.
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2019-04-20T20:15:55Z
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https://minty95.wordpress.com/tag/garmin-64-tips/
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This is the lead form override for "Announcements".
Whether you are a homeowner planning a major remodel or a seller preparing to put their home on the market, an important factor you have to consider is the products and materials you will use. This time, why not try to become more environmentally conscious when remodeling your home?
You can incorporate eco-friendly and energy-efficient products into your home renovation ideas, especially those green solutions that are easily available and affordable. One benefit is that there are certain tax incentives for homeowners who installed alternative energy upgrades, stated in the Residential Energy Efficient Property Credit.
According to the REALTORS® and Sustainability 2018 Report by the National Association of REALTORS® Research (NAR) Group, 71% of respondents said energy efficiency promotion in listings was very or somewhat valuable. Many MLS has green data fields that real estate agents typically use to promote green features, energy information, and green certifications. Likewise, 56% of these REALTORS® find that clients are at least somewhat interested in sustainability.
Lower utility bills - In the same report, 28% of REALTORS believe a home’s utility bills and operating costs is one of the home features that are most important to their clients. Energy-efficient upgrades can help reduce your water and energy bills — a significant return on investment that any homeowner will appreciate.
To reduce your carbon footprint and help the environment - Tackling these environmentally friendly projects promotes healthy living for you and your family, while helping to save the planet.
Higher ROI when it’s already time to sell your home - Eco-friendly home improvements, especially in the kitchen and bathroom, add value to the home itself. They will be more prominent when it’s time to put your home on the market. Likewise, for buyers who are interested in an energy-efficient home, they can connect to a lender who provides lending products that encourage energy efficient improvements to existing homes.
Adding a fresh coat of paint to any room is a surefire way to transform it and make it look new. It’s also one of the minor fixes that home sellers can do before listing their home for sale. However, many paints contain high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC), which can cause several respiratory problems and contribute to ozone pollution.
So next time you want to apply a fresh coat of paint to renovate a room, opt for low-VOC or non-VOC paints. These are water-based paints that are generally more environment-friendly than oil-based paints with high VOC content. You will end up with a room that looks not only fresh but also has better air quality.
Whether you are planning a kitchen or a bathroom remodel, it’s a good idea to replace your regular fixtures and appliances with their water-saving counterparts. Installing low-flow fixtures and appliances like faucets, shower heads, dishwasher, and even high-efficiency toilets, can help lower your water consumption. It’s a great way to conserve water without compromising your daily usage and comfort. Eventually, it can offer big savings in your wallet by trimming your water bills — an advantage that you and the future owner of the home can both enjoy.
Toilets, for example, account for nearly 30 percent of an average home’s indoor consumption. Switching your older, inefficient toilet with a low-flow model can lower your water bills by about $110 a year, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Think about it: you can save your wallet and the planet at the same time.
Another great option you can add on your next bathroom remodel is a tankless water heater, which is a great way to save water, money, and energy. Tankless water heaters either use gas or electricity and are generally more cost efficient. They heat water you only need to use in just seconds and there’s no need to wait for the water to heat up while wasting more water in the process. It’s another eco-friendly bathroom improvement that can add value to your home.
Compared to manual thermostats, this smart home technology is a great investment to help make a home more eco-friendly. Smart thermostats, such as the Nest Learning Thermostat, can help you save energy and lower your utility bills since you can control your heating and cooling needs.
The technology will also allow you to program your temperature preferences on the areas where you need it most. You can set up these thermostats (through their mobile apps) to turn on when you wake up and turn off when you leave the house, contributing to bigger savings.
Energy-efficient dual pane windows made from vinyl, metal or wood offer better insulation for your home compared to older, single-pane models. They can reduce your energy usage during both hot and cold climates, helping you save money while also lowering your environmental footprint.
Double-paned windows also have great soundproofing qualities. They can significantly reduce outside noise, which can be a valuable investment if you live in the city or in a busy urban area and don’t want to wake up to the blaring car horns or sprinklers early in the morning.
Replacing your dated appliances with new and high-efficiency models, especially those with an ENERGY STAR certification, will not only allow you to reap the benefits of energy savings but also help sell your home for top dollars. ENERGY STAR is an initiative of the U. S. Department of Energy that identifies energy-saving appliances and products. Its ceiling fans, for example, are 50% more efficient than conventional fans because they use less energy to operate.
Since the kitchen is a focal point in any house, home buyers will want it to look at its best. If you’re planning a major kitchen renovation, upgrading your washer, dryer, dishwasher, and refrigerator will enable your kitchen to stand out in terms of energy efficiency, design, and functionality.
Eco-friendly wood flooring and using other renewable wood products - Options include bamboo flooring, marmoleum, and other eco-friendly wood flooring substitutes.
Solar roof panels - Homeowners who install solar panels, especially when installing a new roof, can receive rebates and credits from the solar power owner or utility company.
Sustainable landscaping using native plants - One eco-friendly alternative to improve your home’s curb appeal is landscaping using native species of plants. These plants are easier to maintain, and won’t be a risk to the surrounding ecosystem.
Improved home insulation - Homeowners can switch to alternative types of insulation that are environmentally conscious, such as insulation made of wool, cotton, or other recycled materials.
Find a real estate agent with an extensive background in selling green homes or energy efficient homes. Clear communication is important for selling these upgrades to potential buyers. They have to see for themselves what they will buy and benefit with as the homeowner. This is why finding the right real estate agent who understands the benefits of your energy-efficient home is paramount. He/She should be able to advertise it appropriately, marketing it to the right buyers. The agent should also be able to explain those green upgrades to those interested buyers effectively.
Documentation can help you sell faster. It’s important to not only feature the upgrades you made but to also highlight the benefits of those projects for you as a homeowner. Compare your water and energy bills before and after the remodel and emphasize how much you saved. The difference in your utility bills will be a good selling point your interested buyers will look forward to.
Consider getting an appraisal from a certified appraiser who knows how to properly evaluate green properties to determine the value of your energy-efficient improvements. This is a good first step to help you decide how much you should list your property, aside from the list price you and your real estate agent will come up with.
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2019-04-22T23:54:35Z
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https://www.solderaproperties.com/blog-old/2018/9/18/make-your-home-more-energy-efficient-with-these-green-home-improvements
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Ramagupta – It is usually noticed that literature is referred to supplement something which is known from epigraphic evidences. However there could be cases when something is brought into light through literature first and then after sought to be corroborated through epigraphic evidences. Such is the case with the successor of Samudragupta. Gupta inscriptions mention that Chandragupta II succeeded Samudragupta. However confusion arose when a Sanskrit work, Devi-Chandraguptam, suggested otherwise.
Devi-Chandraguptam, composed by Visakhadatta, probably same author as of Mudra-rakshasha, is first noticed by Sylvain Levi. Only few fragments are left of this long-lost political drama. These fragments are quoted in Natyadarpana of Ramachandra and Gunachandra. Few quotations of this drama are also found in Sringaraprakasha of Bhoja.
The drama begins with the second act where Rama Gupta has agreed to give away his queen, Dhruvadevi, to the Saka enemy. It appears that the Saka king has demanded Rama Gupta’s wife in some treaty in order to leave him and his kingdom intact. Rama Gupta showed his coward behavior and agreed to this treaty. A long dialogue passed between Dhruvadevi and Rama Gupta where the queen complained of his heartlessness. Chandragupta, younger brother of Rama Gupta, pitched in and proposed that he would go in disguise of the queen to the Saka camp. Chandragupta killed the Saka king and rescued Dhruvadevi from embarrassment. The concluding portion of the drama suggests that Chandragupta later killed his brother and married his widow, Dhruvadevi.
From this drama, we conclude that Samudragupta was succeeded by his son Ramagupta who married Druvadevi. Chandragupta II was younger brother of Ramagupta. Chandragupta II killed a Saka king in disguise of a lady and later he killed Ramagupta also. He also married his brother’s widow. Bana in his Harshacharita mentions that Chandragupta II killed a Saka king in disguise of a lady. Sankaracharya, the commentator of Harshacharita, explains that Chandragupta II killed the Saka king in private disguised as his brother’s wife.
However what all mentioned in this drama can be taken as historical evidence? The name of Ramagupta’s wife, later wife of Chandragupta II also, in Devi-Chandraguptam and the name of Chandragupta II’s wife in epigraphs is same, Dhruvadevi. However this drama is only left in fragments, is there some way to make it complete?
A S Altekar draws attention to Majmal-ut-Tawarikh composed by Abul Hassan Ali (1026 CE) and narrates the story of Rawaal and Barkamaris. This work is a translation of an Arabic work, which in turn was translation of a Hindu work. The story resemble to the plot of Devi-Chandraguptam that it can be used to fill in the details lost of the latter work. A N Dandekar mentions that Rawwal and Barkamaris are Arabian forms of Ramagupta and Vikramaditya respectively. The story is about two brothers, Rawwal and Barkamaris, and the queen had chosen first Barkamaris however Rawwal married her forcefully. A former rebel og their father attacked them. Rawwal with his brother and wife went to a hill fortress however the enemy besieged the fortress. Rawwal sued for peace and the enemy demanded his queen in offer. Rawwal agreed on condition however his brother pitched in. He suggested that he will go in disguise of the queen to the enemy camp. This way Barkamaris killed the enemy. However after this both brothers became rivals of each other which resulted in the murder of Rawwal by Barkamaris.
So now we have full story of Chandragupta II and Ramagupta. But was there any Ramagupta in the Gupta genealogy? A later finding proves it to be true. Three images found in Vidisha, two have inscription mentioning Maharahadhiraja-Sri-Ramagupta. This proves existence of some Ramagupta in the Gupta lineage. Sanjan copper grant of Amoghavarsa I (EI Vol XVIII), dated 871 CE, mentions that the donor, in the Kaliyuga, who was of the Gupta lineage, having killed his brother, we are told, seized his kingdom and wife. It suggests that this event was well known to the people of ninth century CE.
Who was this Saka king and where he was killed? It is very possible that many kingdoms were waiting for Samudragupta’s demise to assert their independence. We have seen such situations in downfalls of many great dynasties. Samudragupta was an able and powerful ruler and his death would provide opportunity for his territorial chiefs for asserting their independence. Though Chandragupta II, successor of Ramagupta & Samudragupta, was equally able and powerful as his father however it seems that for a small gap someone, the Saka king, rose against the Gupta throne. A S Altekar suggests that it was Rudrasena II who took up the title of Mahakshatrapa which for a long time was in abeyance. A N Dandekar mentions that if we identify this Saka king with Rudrasena II then how to corroborate the fact that the Guptas were besieged at some hill fortress as territory of Rudrasena does not have any such hill. Devi-Chandraguptam mentions Alipura as the hill fortress, Harshacharita mentions Aripura as the palace of Sakapati and Kavyamimansa of Rajashekhara mentions Kartikeyanagara where songs in praise of Chandragupta are sung by women. Kartikeyanagara is been identified with Baijanath village in Almora district. Dandekar further states that the Saka king was some king of Kushana line.
There is no doubt now with historicity of Ramagupta but for how long he would have ruled? Few of his coins are found in Eran which suggest that he would not have ruled for long. We may say that he would have ruled for less than a year.
Chandragupta II (375 – 414 CE) – V A Smith states that India did not have a better oriental monarch than him, before or after him. He gave to India a government which was an example in itself. Chandragupta II was the son of Samudragupta through his chief queen, Dattadevi as mentioned in his Allahabad Pillar Inscription. He was selected by his father as yuvaraja among his other sons as evident from Chandragupta II’s Mathura stone inscription and that’s why he is called as parigrahita in Bihar and Bhitari pillar inscriptions.
Fa-Hien visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II. He visited Pataliputra, Nalanda, Rajgriha and other Buddhist centers. He wrote about Magadha, ” Of all the countries of Central India, this has the largest cities and towns. Its people are rich and thriving and emulate one another in practicing charity of heart and duty to one’s neighbor”. He also wrote about Ashoka’s palace, “..the king’s palace, with its various halls, all built by spirits who piled up stones, constructed walls and gates, carved designs, engraved and inlaid, after no human fashion, is still in existence”.
A seal found during the excavation at Vaisali mentions Mahadevi Dhruvaswamini, wife of Chandragupta II and mother of Govindagupta. He had two wives, Dhruvadevi or Dhruvaswamini and Kuberanaga, a Naga princess. Many Naga kingdoms were exterminated by Samudragupta however Nagas are one of the ancient and powerful kingdom of India. Associating with Nagas would have given required impetus to tackle Western Sakas. Nagas were ruling in western India hence their locality was perfect to tackle Saka problem. He begot Govindagupta and Kumaragupta through Dhruvaswamini and Prabhavatigupta through Kuberanaga.
He assumed title of Vikrama as evident from his coins. His other titles are Simha-Vikrama, Vikrama-Aditya, Vikramanka and Ajita-Vikrama. The earliest inscription of Chandragupta II, on a Mathura temple pilaster, is dated in year 61 of the Gupta Era. D C Sirkar noticed that this inscription is issued in fifth regnal year of the king which puts accession year as 375 CE.
There are many issues and riddles about Chandragupta II, let’s have a look on few of these in detail.
Devagupta or Chandragupta – In many Vakataka records, Pravarasena II calls himself a grandson of Devagupta. Pravarasena II was the son of Vakataka queen Prabhavatigupta who was a daughter of Chandragupta II through his queen, Kuberanaga. Scholars thus proposed that Devagupta is another name of Chandragupta II however there few scholars did not agree to this proposal. Finding of Pune (Poona) plates of Prabhavatigupta put a stop on all these speculations as there she has clearly mentioned Chandragupta II as her father. In Sanchi inscription of Chandragupta II’s reign, the name of the king is mentioned as Devaraja. Devaraja probably same as Devagupta, raja and gupta are mere suffixes.
Vakataka Connection – R K Mookerji mentions that the marriage of Chandragupta II’s daughter with a Vakataka prince would have come as a result of seeking his alliance with the Vakataka kingdom. He states that Samudragupta defeated the Vakataka prince Rudrasena I and took most of his region leaving a small share with them. However they increased their power in coming years and Chandragupta II made a treaty by marrying his daughter with the Vakataka prince, Rudrasena II. However D R Bhandarkar mentions that Samudragupta did not defeat any Vakataka king but he restored their lost kingdom and were in cordial relationship with them.
Many instances of connections between these two kingdoms are found in literature and inscriptions. Prakrita Kavya states that Pravarsena II, Chandragupta II’s grandson, wrote a poem, Setubandham, which underwent a revision at the hands of Kalidasa who was the court poet of Chandragupta II. If this is accepted then Chandragupta II, Kalidasa and Pravarsena II were contemporaries. Pravarsena II was ruling over Kuntala and a reference in Sringaraprakasa of Bhoja states that Kalidasa reported in a Gupta court the luxurious life enjoyed by the king of Kuntala court. Kshemendra in his Auchitya-Vichara mentions an embassy under Kalidasa was sent by a Gupta king to Kuntala court.
Saka Extermination – Most important event in the reign of Chandragupta II would be his conquest over the Western Ksahatrapas (Sakas) which put Malwa and Saurastra into his kingdom. In a Udayagiri undated inscription, Virasena sur-named Saba, war and peace minister of Chandragupta II, mentions that he was with his master on his world conquest. Why a world conquest when Samudragupta had already taken most parts of India under his rule? We know that many regions in Western India were mentioned as frontier states of Samudragupta’s kingdom. And these regions were most prone to foreign attacks. Sakas were a known problem from ages for the Guptas. It could be that some of the frontier regions rose in rebellion after the demise of Samudragupta which forced Chandragupta II to terminate the problem.
Another inscription at Udayagiri is dated to 401 CE and suggests that the eastern Malwa region was already into his dominion by this date. An inscription at Sanchi (EI XVI, p 232) is dated in thirteenth regnal year of king Sridharavarman who was styled as an independent king reigning in year 241 of unknown era. This unknown era will most probably be Saka era and this puts his rule in 319 CE. This suggests that at the time of Chandragupta II, Malwa was under the Sakas.
It is a well known fact now that he defeated Western Kshatrapas who were of Saka origin. A reference of this battle is found in Harshacharita where it is mentioned that Chandragupta slew the king of the Sakas while courting another man’s wife in his enemy town. We have already discussed the evidences from Devi-Chandraguptam where he is depicted killing a Saka enemy.
When this event would have taken place? Latest dated Western Kshatrapa coin is of 388 CE when Rudrasimha III, son of Svami-Satyasimha, was ruling. On his conquest of Kshtrapas, Chandragupta II minted special silver coins which earliest date is 409 CE, Gupta Era 90. His latest year is Gupta Era year 93 as per a Sanchi inscription. This important conquest would not have been taken in his last years hence Smith takes up median of both and sates that this conquest would have been taken up in about 395 CE.
Chandra of the Iron Pillar (Garuda-dhwaja) at Mehrauli – Mehrauli is a small village in New Delhi where Qutub Complex, a World Heritage Site, is located. Inside the complex is standing an iron pillar which has an inscription engraved. The inscription mentions a king, with name Chandra, who enjoyed supreme sovereignty over earth. However no genealogy details are given for this king. It is also mentioned that he defeated a confederacy in Vanga, and he crossed seven mouths of river Indus (Sindhu) to defeat Vahlikas.
James Fergusson identifies Chandra of the Mehrauli Pillar Inscription with Chandragupta of the Imperial Gupta family because of its Persian capital form. J F Fleet identifies him with Chandragupta I which is also the opinion of Aiyangar and R G Basak. However Fleet admits that the characters of the inscription resemble with Allahabad Pillar inscription of Samudragupta and Bilsad inscription of Kumaragupta I. In this circumstances, the Mehrauli inscription should be placed in between Samudragupta and Kumaragupta I. He further suggests that this Chandra could be a younger brother of Mihirakula, who was mentioned by Yuan Chwang, as the pillar was standing at Mihirapuri, an old name of Mehrauli.
It is clear from Samudragupta’s conquests that north part of Bengal was already in his kingdom which he got from his father, Chandragupta I. Hence the statement of pillar that Chandra defeated a confederacy at Vanga applies to Chandragupta I. However what about Vahlika and southern seas? We know from Samudragupta’s conquests that these parts were not under the rule of Chandragupta I.
Haraprasad Sastri identifies him with Chandra of Varman family, son of Simhavarman, whose ruled over Pushkarana as per Susania rock inscription. Pushkarna was first identified with Pokharan in Rajasthan however later is found a place named Pokharan near Susania itself. Mandsor inscription mentions Naravarman as son of Simhavarman. It is proposed that Naravarman was a brother of Chandravarman and hence the empire was spread from Bengal to Malwa. However the Chandra of Susania inscription is not styled as a sovereign king and also no coin of him is found. In such circumstances, identifying him with Chandra of Mehrauli pillar who is states to be a sovereign king would not be proper.
A V Venkatarama Aiyar and Hemachandra Ray Chaudhuri identify him with Sadachandra Bharasiva of Puranas who succeeded Bhavanaga who belonged to a dynasty ruling over Vidisha. If we accept this statement then how to find a route to Bengal without passing through Magadha? As Magadha was not under Bharasivas, how it is possible that they fought with a confederacy in Vanga? Also we do not have any other source than Puranas about Bharasivas and in Puranas nothing of this sort of achievement mentioned for Sadachandra. In such circumstances, the proposed theory is resting on very weak supports.
J Allan, R K Mookerji, D R Bhandarkar, O P Singh, A N Dandekar agree with V A Smith’s identification with Chandragupta II. However Allan states that this identification by Hoernle and Smith is based upon epigraphical grounds and on the difficulty of finding anyone other than Chandragupta II to whom this inscription could belong in the beginning of fifth century CE. Chandragupta II defeated the Sakas of Saurashtra and Kathiawad however did he defeat the Sakas of northern India? R K Mookerji mentions that it is very probable that he started conquering the Saka kingdoms from north India and culminated his conquest with incurring defeat on Western Sakas.
As the inscription mentions that Chandra attained supreme sovereignty of the world which is not possible in case of Chandragupta I however perfectly suits to Chandragupta II. Chandragupta II further expanded the vast empire which he received from his father, Samudragupta, whereas Chandragupta I was probably a feudatory only. The inscription further mentions that the breeze of his prowess still perfume the southern ocean. This applies more to Samudragupta than to Chandragupta II as the former carried out a conquest in south India.
The inscription further mentions that he put down the confederacy of enemies who have gathered and confronted him in Vanga country. Vanga was not mentioned in Samudragupta’s Allahabad inscription, which suggests that it was already included in his empire as Vanga was a part of Aryavarta. Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa mentions that Raghu conquered and reinstated the Vanga chiefs who were ruling along various streams of Ganges. It seems that the chiefs of these small regions came together against the Guptas after the demise of Samudragupta. This made Chandragupta to confront them.
The inscription further mentions that he crossed seven mounts of Sindhu (Indus) river and conquered Vahlikas. Ramayana mentions a route taken by a messenger who was sent by Vasishtha to Bharata. The messenger passed through the Valhikas country to Sudaman hill and saw Vishnupada and two rivers Vipasa and Salmali. In Kishkinda-Kanda of Ramayana, Vahlikas are mentioned with Kambojas, Yaudheyas, Sakas and said to be living in north. The same chapter later describes them to be living in west near Saurastra.
J Allan suggests that Vahlika can be identified with Balkh. People of Vahlika are mentioned in Brhat Samhita. However Allan suggests that it is not possible that Chandra’s arms penetrated till Balkh and the route to this country does not pass through Indus. It is most probable that Vahlika was used commonly to denote people of foreign origin. In such case these could be identified with the Later Kushanas who migrated from Balkh to India as suggested by D R Bhandarkar.
J F Fleet states that this inscription is a posthumous eulogy of some king Chandra. J Allan, A N Dandekar and V A Smith agrees with him on its posthumous character. However the inscription states that the king left one go (earth) to another go (heaven) in bodily form. D R Bhandarkar states that it is not possible for any living entity to reach heaven in bodily form hence the word go here does not mean heaven but sky. And hence it suggests that the king left to some high hill. As per the inscription, this pillar was standing at Vishnupada, which is denoted as a hill. The present place where it stands cannot be termed a hill in any manner.
Smith suggests that it was standing at the Katra Mound in Mathura where a Kesava temple was once standing. However that mound also is not high enough to be termed as a hill. J C Ghosh identifies this Vishnupada by giving references from Ramayana and Mahabharata. A passage in Mahabharata mentions that Vishnupada is located on Vipasa (Beas) river and Kashmir is visible from the hill. Beas makes a bend at Gurudaspur and here it meets with another river, probably old Salmali as mentioned in Ramayana. Vishnupada should be located somewhere here. It is written that Chandra rests at Vishnupada permanently which suggests that he has given off his responsibility to another candidate, probably his son, and has retired to Vishnupada. If this is accepted then the inscription was engraved when he has taken his retirement.
Legend of Vikramaditya – Who is the celebrated king Vikramaditya of Indian ancient literature and traditions? His reference is found in Simhasanadvatrimsat, Vetalapanchavimsati, Merutunga’s Prabandhachintamani, Somadeva’s Kathasaritsagar, Rajasekhara’s Chaturvimsatiprabandha, Kshemendra’s Brihatkathamanjari and Kalidasa’s Jyotirvidabharana. All of these mention that Vikramaditya was not only a ruler but a siddha yogi also who could control evil spirits.
Merutunga’s Theravali narrates the following story, ‘Then came Balamitra and Bhanumitra, whose joint reign covered 60 year, and Nabhavahana, who ruled for 40 years. Then came the Gardabhilla dynasty which was in power for 152 years. Gardabhilla reigned for 13 years and was then expelled by the Saka kings who ruled for 4 years. Vikramaditya, son of Gardabhilla, regained the kingdom of Ujjayini, commenced the Vikrama era and reigned for 60 years. His four successors ruled respectively for 40, 11, 14 and 10 years. Then the Saka era commenced’.
Kalakacharya-katha gives a similar but more detailed account. It narrates,’ Kalakacharya had a sister called Sarasvati who joined the convent. King Gardabhilla of Ujjayini was fascinated by her beauty and ravished her. Kalakacharya, being enraged, went to west of the Sindhu and lived with a Shahi (Saka) chief over whom he obtained great influence by means of his astrological knowledge. Gradually he came to learn that his patron and 95 other chiefs who lived in same locality all obeyed a common overlord. He persuaded his patron to invade the kingdom of Gardabhilla. Ujjayini fell to Saka chiefs. After 17 years Vikramaditya, son of Gardabhilla, regained his kingdom by expelling the Sakas. Kalakacharya, after defeating Gardabhilla, went with his sister to the court of Satvahana king at Pratishthana’.
We will see various arguments which suggests that Chandragupta II was same as Vikramaditya of these books.
Chandragupta assumed title of Vikramaditya as evident from his coins.
In a Gutta inscription, Chandragupta is stated to have mastered over ashta-mahasiddhi and referred as Ujjain-Vikramaditya. In a Udayagiri inscription, he is referred as rajadhiraj-arsheh coupled with his name which suggests his saint like character.
Vikramaditya is also referred in the literature as Sakari who started Vikrama Era. Chandragupta is known to have defeated Western Kshtrapas who were Saka by origin. Dhirendranath Mukhopadhyaya did a study which suggests that the date calculation done in Vikarama Era and in Gupta Era results in same results.
D R Bhandarkar suggests that Chandragupta II might ruling from two capitals to control his vast empire. O P Singh mentions that Chandragupta II would have spent a considerable time in Malwa to tackle the Sakas. During this period, he would have made Ujjain as his temporary, if not permanent, capital. A south Indian dynasty, Guttas of Guttal, claimed there descendant from Chandragupta who was Ujjayani-purava-adhisvara (supreme lord of Ujjayani) and Pataliputravar-adhisvara (Lord of Pataliputra). It suggests that Ujjain was another capital of Chandragupta along with the traditional capital at Pataliputra (present Patna).
Vikramaditya is associated with commencing the Vikrama Era. R C Majumdar mentions that this era was founded by a foreigner however there is no inherent incongruity in the belief that king Vikramaditya founded in 58 BCE to commemorate his recovery of Ujjayini by defeating the Sakas.
Vikramaditya is also associated to have navratna (nine gems) in his court. D R Bhandarkar states that many people given as nava-ratna were tenth grade in their arts and also do not belong to same era.
Kalidasa – Jyotirvidabharana speaks nava-ratna (nine gems) in the court of Vikramaditya. Kalidasa, one of the nava-ratna, is supposed to live during the age of Samudragupta, Chandragupta II and probably during Kumaragupta I also. Rajtarangani informs about a sole sovereign of earth, the glorious Vikramaditya who lived at Ujjain. He also bore another name, Harsha. A poor poet, Matrigupta, came to his court and later he was sent to sit on the empty throne of Kashmir. Matrigupta left this throne to Pravarsena just after five years on death of his patron. Matrigupta retired to Varanasi. Now who was this Matrigupta? Kshemendra has referred a verse of this Matrigupta in his work. Bhau Daji proposes a theory that Matrigupta is same as Kalidasa. Another strange point is that Rajtarangani mentions Bhavabhuti, Vakpati and other poets but no mention of Kalidasa. Is it because he is already been referred as matrigupta?
Pravarsena II was the grandchild of Chandragupta II though his daughter, Prabhavatigupta. He set on Vakataka throne and Kalidasa was sent as an ambassador to his court. Pravasena’s Setubandha would have been composed with help from Kalidasa probably. Pravarsena II ruled at Kashmir is evident as his coins are found from that region.
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2019-04-19T01:11:31Z
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http://puratattva.in/2011/07/18/the-guptas-part-5-437
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I offered to host Thanksgiving year after year. My mother turned me down each time. She liked hosting the family get-together even though her kids and grandkids lived close enough to visit weekly. She preferred her wedding china and linens to my mismatched dishes and homespun tablecloth. Mostly she wanted to ensure that the meal featured homemade white crescent rolls and a large Butterball turkey filled with her own stuffing recipe. She was afraid that her annoyingly whole foods vegetarian daughter might prepare something horribly non-traditional, like nutloaf with chestnut wild rice dressing instead of turkey. Valid point.
But her health kept declining. I took to coming over early on Thanksgiving Day to stuff the turkey with her and hoist it in the oven. We all came back a few hours later with side dishes. I always brought homemade crescent rolls that looked suspiciously brown and healthy. Our meals continued to be lively events and we worked hard to make sure my mother didn’t notice how much we all helped out.
I knew she’d reached a new low in her energy level when she offered to let me host Thanksgiving a few years ago. She said I had to agree to one condition. I had to make a real turkey (not a Tofurky, she hastened to add) and stuff it with her stuffing recipe. I had to promise. I wanted to cry, knowing that she was much sicker than she let on. I promised.
But that pastured turkey was astonishingly expense. We thought we might be able to raise a flock of our own more cheaply. We were wrong. But I’m getting ahead of myself.
Nearby farmers gently told us that we were foolhardy. They warned us to keep turkeys “on wire,” indoors, and away from what they said were the disease-carrying dangers of grass. They said our plan to avoid feed pumped up with medications and synthetic vitamins would leave us with a dying flock. Online articles repeated these woeful predictions.
Still, the next spring we bought turkey chicks. They were raised in the warmth of an Amish friend’s kitchen until they were old enough to live outdoors.
On our place they lived in what’s called a “tractor.” This is a movable coop, allowing the birds access to fresh areas to forage. My husband and oldest son built it with roosts and feeders. We soon learned turkeys toss food from feeders and don’t like to roost. Out came both of those modifications. Then to forestall problems with predators we added a movable electric fence.
How much our rapidly growing chicks ate surprised us. In addition to the roots, grasses, leaves, and bugs they scratched up on their own we provided them with a locally grown and ground mix of seeds and grain. And we gave them fresh organic produce from the garden each day. They had strong preferences. One day they might eagerly eat cucumbers and squash, the next day they refused to eat those veggies but enjoyed tomatoes. They turned up their beaks at plenty of other treats, like broccoli and rutabagas.
We found turkeys quite interesting. When they’re young they peep and squawk. Then the gobble develops, something we found relentlessly amusing. Hens don’t gobble. They chirp and cluck in their own quiet manner while the toms are prone to showy displays of exaggerated feather fluffing. The toms gobbled at any noisy airborne attraction including Canada geese, crows, and helicopters. When annoyed, their heads turned iridescent blue and sometimes they engaged in snood-grabbing jousts. Our dogs were fascinated by the turkeys, but the turkeys showed little interest in creatures beyond their own genus.
All day, every day the flock had a visitor. A little brown hen moseyed up from the back of our property to visit her fowl friends. She stayed close. She pecked at grass and bugs, sometimes a few feet away and sometimes a few inches away. When we gave the turkeys a treat from the garden like a monster zucchini she’d cluck at me, waiting for her own piece. Quite often the turkeys, in their zucchini-enhanced exuberance, tossed flecks of what they were eating almost as if to share. Their friend the hen was right there waiting for those offerings. I never saw the turkeys peck at her.
What we learned about turkeys wasn’t entirely charming. Full grown turkeys are huge. Some of ours were over 80 pounds. Their poo, I’m sorry to say, was also huge. I never realized just how foul it was until I slipped and fell in it. And despite the overall health and vitality of our flock, once we factored in all the expenses there wasn’t any profit at all. Plus, after feeding and chatting with them for six months, it felt like a horrible betrayal to take them to the butcher.
This year we let the turkey farming venture go. We’re gratefully buying a pastured turkey, knowing that it’s worth the cost. It’ll be cooked with my mother’s stuffing recipe. I’ll also be using my mother’s china and linens. We’ll sit here at a table filled with friends and family, fully aware that our blessings include those made of memory.
I’ll smile this Thanksgiving at all who are here with me. I’ll leave the sob in my throat, choosing instead to share fond and funny stories of my parents who I miss every day.
I realize now why every generation goes on celebrating even after the elders who made the traditions meaningful have gone. Holidays are a sort of bridge between past and future, a way of steadying ourselves with the idea that some things stay the same. When the time comes for me to pass along the honor of hosting Thanksgiving dinner, I’ll try passing along my mother’s stuffing recipe too.
“didn’t noticed”? I’m guessing you probably intended it to read “didn’t notice”.
The objections of the standard turkey breeders sound much like objections made by conventional beekeepers about organic beehives.
Nope, the toms got huge. One weighed more than 80 but the little farm we took them for processing didn’t have a poultry scale that went over 80. The finished weight was crazy, several customers asked that their birds be split so they could fit in the oven. Most dressed out at 25 to 28 pounds.
I was proud of our feisty birds right up to the last minute. I didn’t want them to suffer in the short ride to that processing farm, so we acclimated them to transferring to a pick up truck. But on THE DAY they knew something was up. The toms especially put up a fight. One broke my husband’s glasses.
Raising any creature meant to die is difficult but tending them and recognizing their desire to live as they choose changes the way I see food. It gives me a sense of connection and something more, a sacredness really, that lives are lost that others lives can go on.
That said, I don’t see us raising turkeys again.
Thanks. I enjoyed your blog.
I greatly enjoyed your post! My wife and I have toyed with the idea of raising chickens… but due to where we live, we are extremely limited to what we can do.
Your story reminded me very much of my wife’s relationship with her mom. Except my wife is the “whole foods vegetarian daughter”. Due mostly to certain health concerns, though. However, she has decreed for herself that she is willing to consume in limited quantities “happy meats” — meaning free-range eggs and meats from local farmers.
Thank you for the entertaining insights! I wish you and your family a happy and healthy Thanksgiving!
We love having chickens around. They’re hardy, love kitchen scraps, eat pests (mice as well as insects), and I swear have some sort of calming effect. My son made me a contemplation stool to go hang out with chickens. It’s an instant mood booster. If your municipality lets you, get some!
We also raised turkeys…once. Our toms were also huge, we estimated that we harvested over 50#’s of meat from each one. We did our own butchering, and we had 2 other families help us, which I was thankful for as it took forever. They ate a ton, we were so amazed! We also had problems with the toms trying to mate with the hens, but instead of mating, they pecked them to death, so we had to separate them. We’ve also raised chickens and steers for meat. I think the steers are the hardest, as they are with us a lot longer (not to mention their big brown eyes and soft fur).
We too raise steers, grassfed beef. I haven’t personally eaten beef since I was in my teens (oh the irony) and it’s terrifically painful each time one is ready for market.
I loved this piece! I fear I am a hypocritical carnivore. There is no way I could raise an animal, know it, love it (as I absolutely would) then kill it and eat it. My meat must come in a package, possess no face nor feathers nor fur. If I think about it too much as I am prepping dinner, I cannot eat it. I am grateful for the folks who can raise and harvest these critters for those of us who don’t have the stomach to do it ourselves. As I get older I realize days go by when I have not actually consumed any meat of any kind. My kids will happily eat their meals and not notice or comment. My husband follows suit. Perhaps I am less of a hypocritical carnivore than a reluctant vegetarian.
Sounds to me as if you are a wide-awake, caring person Danabee. And it sounds as if you are eating meat very consciously. I think right beyond the feelings you have that make it hard to think about the face of what you’re eating are feelings that make it an experience of gratitude, not guilt.
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2019-04-25T00:24:01Z
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https://geekmom.com/2011/11/thanks-to-mom-we-tried-turkey-farming-2/
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Our relationship began in 1978 when I flew to Melbourne to discuss the promotion of my recent book. Over coffee in his office, my editor pushed a thick manuscript across to me. He asked if I’d ‘like to write’ the life of Sir Keith Murdoch, Rupert’s father. The bulky tome he handed across had been commissioned by Rupert, but he had turned it down.
It was a big ask. I would be dealing with the world’s most powerful media personality, who I had never met; a much more precarious undertaking than any other book I had done. With his huge battery of journalists and authors, it would be unlikely that he would agree to me writing his father’s story.
I flew home to Cairns, in the far north of Queensland, and began reading what was a detailed record of Sir Keith Murdoch’s power; his business battles and the minutiae of dealings which almost sent him to the wall. But it was, as the publisher said, a skeleton without much flesh. Could a ‘warts-and-all’ biographer, which I happened to be, persuade the exacting Rupert to allow such a book to be written about his father?
Rupert Murdoch was due to arrive into Queensland from the United States to spend a few days with his family on Lizard Island, off the coast from Cairns. I had arranged to fly out on the small aircraft he’d chartered, to pick him up and connect with a flight to Darwin to inspect one of his newspapers. We were to talk at Cairns Airport while he waited for his plane.
The Zwars owned an elderly but elegant, Toyota Crown sedan, used as a family car; and an untidy little Moke runabout driven badly by the staff of the free newspaper we owned; at weekends it was used for carrying sacks of chicken manure for our garden.
Airways Cessna for Lizard Island, sitting up front with the pilot. We touched down on the tiny resort runway and a wind-blown Rupert Murdoch was waiting, briefcase in hand, suitcase ready to be loaded.
A man not at ease, but seemingly trying to bridge an uncomfortable gap between powerful media baron and the last cadet reporter his father had hired for the Melbourne Herald before he died.
We shouted at each other over the noise of the twin engines for an hour, sharing the pilot’s Thermos of black coffee, and then bumped down on the Cairns tarmac. I had faxed him my CV and a list of books I had written, and he said he now knew ‘a fair bit’ about me. We had an hour for discussion before his Darwin plane took off and he parked his suitcase with an Ansett Airline desk clerk.
Then he said, in his light, American drawl, “Look, I haven’t seen a newspaper for days. Is there a newsagent nearby?” There wasn’t one at the small Cairns airport, but there was one five minutes up the road. I said I’d drive him there – then suddenly realised it meant travelling in the grubby little Moke.
Too late to worry. The billionaire, used to chauffeured limousines, climbed over the side, strapping himself into a dirty, doorless little runabout, with its flapping side-curtains, clouds of chicken poo swirling around us.
Then climbing out at the newsagents, to buy an armful of papers and magazines, the assistant doing a double-take when she saw the Murdoch face on the cover of The Bulletin magazine she had just sold him. As we chugged back to the airport he said, matter-of-factly, “I’ve checked you out. Think you’ll do a good job. I’d like you to write father’s life.” I forced myself to keep the wandering Moke straight ahead on the road.
When he was again due back in Cairns a month later, he had put aside time for a personal interview about his own memories of his father. I planned a lengthy talk in my study. A bottle of good Riesling rested in the fridge; the Toyota Crown had been polished, its tank filled with petrol, sheepskin seat-covers vacuumed spotless. I set off to pick him up in style this time from the Ansett terminal.
I parked the Toyota in front of the arrivals gate of the airline (he then half-owned), and met him. Warm smile, small-talk about the trip as I opened the door for him. I hurried around to the driver’s seat as he strapped himself in. I turned the key. There was a sickening ‘rrrrrrr.rrr’ sound. And the motor died. (Dead battery).
I spotted a car leaving the airport being driven by a neighbour who had seen her husband off to Sydney. I ran to wave her down. She opened the front passenger door for Rupert. Her small daughter stood beside him in the front seat, hitting him over the head with her woollen doll all the way up the mountainside.
Could he use my phone, Murdoch asked? I offered to go outside, but with hair still ruffled, he waved at me to sit down. He made calls to several executives in Sydney and when he’d finished, he talked to me about the father he remembered, explaining Sir Keith’s determination to provide for his family; his shyness; his business gambles and his enemies in the Sydney newspaper world.
Rupert also began talking about himself and some of the newspaper stories he’d been involved in, several of them ‘exposés’ he’d worked on in the background and one he said he had even ‘broken’, (a fraudster loans affair). Also, he talked about Rupert Murdoch, reporter; and from the telling, it suddenly seemed that this time might have been when he was at his happiest.
She wasn’t to know that her own son was to one day soon face his own terror of the banks when he, too, found himself at the edge of a financial abyss. But now the talk with Rupert was over, the bottle of Riesling finished. There remained only one way to get him back to the airport from our hilltop hideaway … the Moke. He nimbly climbed into its tatty passenger-seat once more. “I’m beginning to think the Moke is compulsory,” he laughed.
I had on tape the memories of the men and women who had worked for Sir Keith, revealing the scary power that The Herald & Weekly Times chairman exerted over their lives.
Sir Keith probably knew few of our names, but to cadet reporters, starting off on the first rungs of a career in journalism, he was an awesome, greying figure, glimpsed only in the lift or on his way down the reporters’ room for one of his ‘getting to know you’ visits.
“Ah,” he would say, coming to a stop by your desk. “What are you on [writing about] at the moment? What books are you reading?” Young reporters enthusiastically answered “Hemingway.” or “Scott Fitzgerald.” And the last question as he got up from the desk.
Some of the memories from the interviews I had with The Herald staff, past and present, created delicate decisions of inclusion in the book. Along with the anecdotes of Sir Keith’s forays into the newsroom, came still-surprised recollections of his behaviour that bordered on the eccentric.
He often seemed pre-occupied. Hearing about the business deals he was doing at the time, when he paid big money for newspaper shares he could ill afford, it was understandable that newsmen and women might have had the impression that while he was talking to them he was, to put it politely, thinking of something else.
I recalled one morning, when I was head down, typing, he strode through the reporters’ room with startled newsmen suddenly bashing at upright typewriters. He noticed the dumpy figure of The Herald’s social editor Miss Lois Lathlean, coming towards him.
“Good morning to you! I look forward to seeing her.” And he went on his way.
I talked to Rupert’s nanny about her memories of the family. She told me that when Rupert was about four, he was naughty and so she’d had to put him over her knee.
One of Sir Keith’s former senior executives revealed to me that Sir Keith had serious political ambitions. The grand figure at the helm of arguably Australia’s greatest newspaper already wielded heavy political influence; state premiers and prime ministers made their way to The Herald building to see him. But it wasn’t quite enough.
One morning, said a former colleague, he’d heard Sir Keith talking to the editor of The Herald’s sister paper, The Sun News-Pictorial, mentioning that ‘some people were saying’ it was time he might think seriously about entering federal politics.
“Ahh,” said Murdoch, having thought about it for two seconds, “you could be right. I know! We won’t go to the Melbourne Club for lunch today; we’ll go down to the Athenaeum.” A shift one notch down the social lunching ladder would fix everything.
I sent my finished manuscript to the Melbourne publisher and waited. Brian Stonier, managing director of Macmillan, had taken it on himself to be sure a copy was air-freighted to Rupert in New York and he would pass on to me his reaction.
It came back on fax: Mr Murdoch is ‘seriously worried’ about some aspects of the book and could you make yourself available at his mother’s home the following Sunday to go through it? I felt slightly ill.
I was bidden to the delightful Cruden Farm, 2,000 kms away, where Dame Elisabeth still lived. It lay vine-covered and white-chimneyed near Frankston, outside Melbourne, and was reached by a long, tree-lined avenue. Sir Keith’s widow had been charming and helpful when I had gone to see her and even loaned me some of her late husband’s letters.
Now, with apprehension, I flew down, and set off in a hire car for the meeting, getting lost twice on the way. I had brought with me two tape-recorders, one to place in front of Dame Elisabeth and the other near Rupert to record what each said as they made their way through the 150,000 words.
Rupert, at the time, had a strike on his hands at the New York Post which he now owned, and was in Melbourne to face an inquiry into television network ownership. In between these concerns he was to juggle the problems of ‘In Search of Keith Murdoch’.
Mother and son came to the front door and we went into the lounge-room with its old-fashioned furnishings, for coffee. Small talk over, I asked Rupert if he could begin by going through his worries about the book. He’d already said as we sat down, “You talked to Kimpo, my old nanny, did you?” I confessed I had.
“What did you say to her Rupert?” his alarmed mother wanted to know.
That little story about going to the Athenaeum for lunch. Father would have meant that as a joke.” I nodded and made a note. It was now getting cold and the fire was dying a little. “Rupert, would you go out and get another log?” said his mother. Her son rattled the fire into life again.
Desmond Zwar is a journalist who has written 16 non-fiction books, including In Search of Keith Murdoch and The Queen, Rupert and Me – A Reporter’s Extraordinary Life published by Sid Harta Publishing.
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2019-04-20T07:05:45Z
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https://pressgazette.co.uk/softer-side-rupert-murdoch/
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Tuition is an Annual amount which you may pay in full or in installments automatically drafted the fifth business day of each month, utilizing the payment method you have stored in your online account. A $15 late fee will be added to all Annual tuition installment payments not paid by the 10th of each month. If payment is not paid by the 1st of the following month, that class spot may be given to the next child on the waiting list.
Tuition is posted on the first day of each month and a general email reminder is sent to all families. On the fifth business day of the month, tuition payments will be charged to the payment method you have stored to your online account.
Tuition is not prorated for absences, holidays or partial months. It is an annual tuition.
The Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC will only send statements via email to delinquent or problem accounts.
Accounts that are not reconciled by the 1st of the following month will result in the student(s) being dropped from classes. Reconciled accounts will have an opportunity to re-enroll student(s) in classes; however the desire to do so does not guarantee that the same class/schedule will be available. A re-enrollment fee of $20.00 will apply.
Accounts that become more than 30 days overdue will be considered grounds for collections action.
Declined credit card charges or bank drafts will be charged a $15.00 fee. Bank account and credit card information shall be current, active, and drawn on a local bank only. No out of state checking accounts will be accepted as a form of security.
We honor Visa, MasterCard and American Express.
Anyone wishing to pay for monthly tuition or fees via an alternate form of payment (other than our auto draft payment system) will incur a $15 processing fee per transaction. The $15 fee will apply each time a payment (for tuition; costumes; performance fees; etc.) is made with cash, check or by credit card at the studio. If you wish to consistently pay via an alternate payment method, the $15 processing will be built into your monthly charges. Contact the studio if you wish to pay other than through the auto draft system. The only exception to this is persons wishing to pay for the year in full. If you wish to pay for the year in full, you may do so by using an acceptable alternate payment method without the $15 processing fee.
We hate to see you go! As a courtesy, we require parent(s)/guardian(s) give a thirty (30) day written notice to the front desk of any intent to discontinue classes. Please use the online “Withdrawal” form available online. It is not sufficient notice to merely tell an instructor or supervisor or e-mail or leave a voice-mail of your intent to discontinue. This is so we can invite the next child on the waiting list to join the class the following month. Your withdrawal is not considered complete until you have received confirmation via email.
All Annual tuition installment payments will occur within the first five business days of each month and other miscellaneous charges, such as costumes and recital fees, etc. will occur on the given fee schedule for the season.
ONCE OUR CREDIT CARD AND CHECKING DRAFTS OCCUR NO REFUNDS WILL BE GIVEN. NO EXCEPTIONS.
No student should arrive more than 15 minutes before the beginning of class. Your child must be picked up directly after their class. All students must wear a suitable cover up over their dance clothes when outside of the studio.
If it becomes necessary for you to drop a class or add a class, these changes must be made by completing an online submission. Go to gwdancecenter.com>Information>Add/Drop Class. Additionally, you will need to enroll in the new class through your online portal.
If you add a class, it is assumed you wish to participate in the recital for that class and you will be charged an additional costume fee.
You will receive confirmation of your change once it has been received and your account has been updated. Do not consider requested changes effective until confirmation by email has been received.
Please note that by verbally dropping; adding a class or discussing this change with instructors does not make the change official. You must submit your online request using the online add/drop class form.
Please Note: Class Change Forms must be submitted by the 25th of the current month for the schedule change to be effective for the following month. Class changes will not occur mid-month and NO REFUNDS will be given for classes not attended.
If you are adding a class to your current schedule, tuition will increase according to the open school fees based on total hours taken.
Tuition is an Annual Fee that may be split into equal monthly installments - you are given the option to pay in either ten monthly installments or all at once.
I hereby authorize the Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC to charge my credit card or checking account for all services and products related to my family's enrollment in classes and activities at the Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC, including but not limited to tuition, memberships, special events, costumes, recital fees, accessories, etc. (Note: Fees are subject to change). If Annual tuition is submitted via monthly installments I understand that my credit or debit card will continue to be charged on the monthly, session or periodic basis unless I notify the front desk by turning in a withdrawal form at the Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC 30 days before intent to discontinue classes. I understand that it will not be sufficient notice to merely tell an instructor or supervisor, nor send an e-mail of our intent to discontinue. I have read this entire agreement and understand that I will be held fully responsible for its terms and conditions of service. I understand that once the monthly installments for my annual tuition have occurred there will be no refund given if I decide to discontinue classes. I agree to notify the Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC, immediately of any change of the status of my charge account including but not limited to card expiration, name change, limitation of use, loss of theft or the card, etc. In the event that the amount charged is refused for whatever reason, I accept responsibility for full payment for the amount charged as well as a NSF fee of $15.00.
There will be a costume fee for our annual recital. The fee will be determined each January. All costume fees must be paid by February 1.
The annual Spring Recital will be held each June. This is an optional activity. Those choosing to participate are required to pay a costume/recital fee due in the month of November preceding the Spring Recital.
The costume and recital fee is $95.00. This covers costumes, venue rental, programs, and teachers. All costume and recital fees are non-refundable. No child will receive a costume until fee is paid and tuition is current. Children joining the studio after February 28, 2017 may not be able to participate in the recital due to the inability to order costumes at that late date.
In consideration of allowing the previously declared participant(s) to begin participation in the Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC activities, while on the premises and property of said Center, the undersigned, for themselves, and/or being the legal and acting guardian of participant, acting for themselves and on behalf of the participant, release and hold harmless the Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC, and its owners, employees, and agents of and from any and all liability, claims, demands, and causes of action whatsoever, arising out of or related to any loss, damage, or injury, including death, that may be sustained by the participant and/or the undersigned, while in or upon the premises upon which the Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC is conducted, or any premises under the control and supervision of the Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC, its owners, officers, employees, or agents or in route to or from any of said premises, or while at any premises or place when activities sponsored by or participated in by the Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC, its owners, officers, agents, or employees.
b) That the undersigned signing either for themselves as an adult, as a parent or as Legal Guardian is, in fact, the true and legal guardian and has the consent of the participant.
The undersigned gives permission for the Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC, owners, officers, employees, and/or agents to seek emergency medical treatment for the participant(s) in the event they are unable to reach any parent or guardian. The undersigned also agrees that they themselves will be responsible for any financial debt incurred by said action.
I understand that my child’s likeness may be used in the Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC ads, promotional videos, website material, or various other marketing. These images will be used for the Greater Washington Dance Center, LLC purposes only, and will not be given or sold to outside companies or individuals.
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2019-04-19T12:40:06Z
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https://www.gwdancecenter.com/policies.html
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This User Agreement, the Click and Swap Ltd user agreement for all devices and all policies posted on our sites set out the terms on which Click and Swap ltd offers you access to and use of our sites, services, applications and tools (collectively ‘services’). . All policies, the Mobile Device Terms and the User Privacy Notice are incorporated into this User Agreement. You agree to comply with all of the above when accessing or using our Services.
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The User Agreement, the Click and swap ltd User Privacy Notice and all polices posted on our site are the entire agreement between you and Click and swap ltd and supersede all prior understandings and agreements of the parties.
We shall send notices to you by email to the email address you provide to Click and swap ltd during the registration process. Notice to you shall be deemed given 24 hours after the email is sent, unless the sending party is notified that the email address is invalid. Alternatively, we may give you legal notice by registered mail to the address provided during the registration process. Notices sent to either party by registered mail shall be deemed to have been received by that party three days after the date of mailing.
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2019-04-26T03:49:01Z
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https://www.clickandswap.com/tcs/
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Simplilearn’s Machine Learning course in Pune will make you proficient in machine learning. Machine learning is a form of artificial intelligence that automates data analysis to enable computers to learn and adapt from experience. With machine learning, computers can perform specific tasks without precise programming. You will master the concepts and techniques including mathematical and heuristic aspects, supervised and unsupervised learning, and hands-on modeling to develop algorithms and learn introduction to machine learning which will prepare you for the role of Machine Learning Engineer.
With Machine learning taking over the world, the companies greatly need professionals to be aware of the ins and outs of machine learning.
Machine learning, a form of artificial intelligence, is revolutionizing the world of computing as well as people’s digital interactions. Machine learning is critical to countless new and future applications by making it possible to quickly, automatically, and cheaply process and analyze huge volumes of complex data. Machine learning empowers innovative automated technologies such as fraud protection, recommendation engines, facial recognition, and even self-driving cars.
This Machine Learning course in Pune gives data scientists, engineers, and other professionals the hands-on skills and the knowledge required for job competency and a certification in machine learning. The demand for machine learning skills and knowledge is growing fast. According to payscale.com, the average salary of a Machine Learning Engineer is $134,293 (USD).
What skills you learn in this Machine Learning Certification Course?
Acquire a thorough knowledge of the mathematical and heuristic aspects of machine learning.
Master the practicalities of the algorithms, principles, and applications of machine learning by the hands-on learning approach which includes 28 projects to work on and one capstone project.
Be able to understand the theoretical concepts and how they relate to the practical aspects of machine learning.
Gain Mastery in the concepts of unsupervised, supervised, and reinforcement modeling and learning concepts.
Understand the operation and concepts of naive Bayes, decision tree classifier, logistic regression, support vector machines, kernel SVM, K-nearest neighbors, random forest classifier, K-means clustering, and more.
Who should take this Machine Learning Training in Pune?
Across industries, there is an increasing demand for skilled machine learning engineers. Skilled machine learning engineers are in demand throughout the globe and across all industries.
How Much does Machine Learning Course Costs in pune?
INR Rs.20,999/- for Online Classroom Flexi-Pass.
What is the Duration of Machine Learning Certification Training in Pune?
The first is the Self-paced e-Learning methodology with a validity of 180 days (6 months). This enables the students to work at their own pace through high-quality e-learning video modules.
The second methodology is the Online Classroom Flexi-Pass with a validity of 180 days (6 months). This consists of high-quality e-learning videos along with access to 8+ instructor-led online training classes for 90 days.
Simplilearn's Machine Learning Training course is code-driven and provides hands-on experience. Mathematical problem formulation and theoretical motivation must be provided only while introducing the concepts.
In this Machine Learning course, one primary capstone project and 25+ ancillary exercises based on 17 machine learning algorithms have been included.
Description: The project involves building a model that predicts average house values in the Californian districts. The candidates will be given metrics such as average income, population, average housing price, and so on for each block group in California. Block groups are the smallest geographical units for which the US Census Bureau publishes sample data (a lock group typically has a population of 600 to 3,000 people). The model built by the candidates must learn from this data and be able to predict the average housing price in any district.
Project 1: What are the problems that you find in the plot produced by the code, on the basis of the above problem statement?
Project 2: What is the estimated price of the houses with areas 1700 and 1900?
Project 3: Review the training dataset (Excel file). Note that the weights are not available for the fifth and eighth rows. What are the values computed by the imputer for these two missing rows?
Project 4: In the tutorial code, find the call to the Imputer class. Replace the strategy parameter from “mean” to “median” and execute it again. What is the new value assigned to the blank fields Weight and Height for the two rows?
Project 5: In the code snippet given below in the tutorial, why does the array X have 5 columns instead of 3 columns as earlier?
Project 6: What does the hyperplane shadow represent in the PCA output chart on random data?
Project 7: What is the reconstruction error after PCA transformation? Give explanation.
Project 8: Modify the degree of the polynomial from Polynomial Features (degree = 1) to 1, 2, 3, and depict the resulting regression plot. Mention if it is right-fitted, under fitted, or overfitted.
Project 9: Determine the insurance claims for age 70 with polynomial regression n with degree 2 and linear regression.
Project 10: From the code snippet given in the tutorial, why does the array X have 5 columns instead of 3 columns as before?
Project 11: Alter the code to determine insurance claim values for anyone above the age of 55 in the given dataset.
Project 13: Discern the output after modifying the max_depth to 20.
Project 14: What is the class prediction for petal_width = 1 cm and petal_length = 3 cm for max_depth = 2?
Project 15: Explain the Decision Tree regression graphs produced when max_depths are 2 and 3. How many leaf nodes are present in the two cases? What does the average value represent in both the situations? Use the information given.
Project 16: Adjust the regularization parameter min_sample_leaf from 10 to 6, and examine the output of Decision Tree regression. What is the result and why?
Case Study 7: By making use of the Random Forests, predict the insurance per year based on the person’s age.
Project 17: What is the output insurance value for individuals aged 60 and with n_estimators = 10?
Project 18: The program depicts a learning process when the values of the learning rate η are 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5. Give your explanation for these charts.
Project 19: The program represents the learning process when the values of the learning rate η are 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5. Try to alter the estimations to 0.001, 0.25, and 0.9 and examine the results. Provide an explanation.
Project 20: Typically, the value of nearest_neighbors for testing class in KNN is 5. Alter the code to transform the value of nearest_neighbours to 2 and 20, and record the observations.
Case Study 10: Classify IRIS dataset using SVM, and illustrate how Kernel SVMs can help classify non-linear data.
Project 21: Alter the kernel trick from RBF to linear to observe the type of classifier produced for the XOR data in this program. Interpret the data.
Project 22: For the Iris dataset, add a new code at the end of this program to produce classification for RBF kernel trick with gamma = 1.0. Explain the output.
Project 23: Run decision tree on the IRIS dataset with max depths of 3 and 4, and display the tree output.
Project 24: Predict and print class probability for Iris flower instance with petal_len 1 cm and petal_width 0.5 cm.
Project 25: Add Logistic Regression classification to the program and compare classification output to previous algorithms.
Case Study 13: Demonstrate Clustering algorithm and the Elbow method on a random dataset.
Project 26: Modify the number of clusters k to 2, and record the observations.
Project 27: Modify the n_samples from 150 to 15000 and the number of centers to 4 with n_clusters as 3. Check the output, and record your observations.
Project 28: Modify the code to change the number of centers to 4 and the n_samples from 150 to 15000, keeping n_clusters at 4. Examine the output.
Project 29: Modify the number of clusters k to 6, and record the observations.
How will you get Simplilearn's Machine Learning Course Completion Certificate?
Completing 85% of the course.
What are the prerequisites for learning machine learning?
This course covers the concepts of statistics and mathematics that are necessary for machine learning and Simplilearn will provide you with a free Python course on purchasing our Machine Learning Certification course.
Simplilearn will award you the machine learning certification after successfully completing this course.
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You can become a machine learning engineer by learning to code in R language or Python, implementation of machine learning using the Tensorflow framework, real-time machine learning applications, etc. By making use of this online machine learning course you can consider getting a Programming language certification and the degree to become a more valuable candidate. Once you have a basic skill set, you can get experienced by completing personal engineering projects, taking up the machine learning internship and participating in Kaggle competitions etc.
How will you get Simplilearn's Machine Course Completion Certificate?
Completion of one project and one simulation test with a minimum score of 80%.
No, this course is not officially accredited by any standard or organization.
How do I pass Simplilearn's Machine Learning Course Certification exam?
How long is the Machine Learning course certificate from Simplilearn valid for?
Machine Learning Course Certificate by Simplilearn has a lifelong validity.
What Average Salary companies pay for a Machine Learning Professionals in Pune?
Machine Learning engineers have a median salary of 8 lakhs per year in Pune, according to the analysis by Payscale and other top research firms like Glassdoor. However, an experienced Machine Learning professional can earn up to 18 lakhs per year. It varies depending on the total experience, city, and more. Simplilearn’s Machine Learning Engineer Training enables ML professionals to request for salary hike beyond the average when they shift in the Market or can increase their earning potential if they are already employed.
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2019-04-23T10:45:12Z
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https://www.simplilearn.com/machine-learning-certification-training-course-pune-city
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THE COURTHOUSE CLOCK CHIMED SEVEN TIMES. The echoes of the chimes faded.
Warm summer twilight here in upper Illinois country in this little town deep far away from everything, kept to itself by a river and a forest and a meadow and a lake. The sidewalks still scorched. The stores closing and the streets shadowed. And there were two moons; the clock moon with four faces in four night directions above the solemn black courthouse, and the real moon rising in vanilla whiteness from the dark east.
In the drugstore fans whispered in the high ceiling. In the rococo shade of porches, a few invisible people sat. Cigars glowed pink, on occasion. Screen doors whined their springs and slammed. On the purple bricks of the summer-night streets, Douglas Spaulding ran; dogs and boys followed after.
The boys loped away. Waving after them quietly, Lavinia Nebbs sat all alone with a tall cool lemonade in her white fingers, tapping it to her lips, sipping, waiting.
She turned and there was Francine, all in snow white, at the bottom steps of the porch, in the smell of zinnias and hibiscus.
They walked down the street.
“Where you going, girls?” cried Miss Fern and Miss Roberta from their porch over the way.
“Oh, bosh!” Lavinia heard the old women’s door bang and lock, and she drifted on, feeling the warm breath of summer night shimmering off the oven-baked sidewalks. It was like walking on a hard crust of freshly warmed bread. The heat pulsed under your dress, along your legs, with a stealthy and not unpleasant sense of invasion.
They stood upon the edge of the ravine that cut the town half in two. Behind them were the lit houses and music, ahead was deepness, moistness, fireflies and dark.
Lavinia looked and the ravine was a dynamo that never stopped running, night or day; there was a great moving hum, a bumbling and murmuring of creature, insect, or plant life. It smelled like a greenhouse, of secret vapors and ancient, washed shales and quicksands. And always the black dynamo humming, with sparkles like great electricity where fireflies moved on the air.
“It’s early. Lonely One won’t be out till late.” Lavinia took the other’s arm and led her down and down the crooked path into the cricket warmth and frog sound and mosquito-delicate silence. They brushed through summer-scorched grass, burs prickling at their bare ankles.
They turned a curve in the path—and there it was.
In the singing deep night, in the shade of warm trees, as if she had laid herself out to enjoy the soft stars and the easy wind, her hands at either side of her like the oars of a delicate craft, lay Elizabeth Ramsell!
The woman lay as if she had floated there, her face moonlit, her eyes wide and like flint, her tongue sticking from her mouth.
Lavinia stood in the middle of a thousand warm shadows with the crickets screaming and the frogs loud.
“We’d better get the police,” she said at last.
Lavinia held Francine and the policemen were brushing through the crackling grass, flashlights ducked about, voices mingled, and the night grew toward eight-thirty.
“It’s like December. I need a sweater,” said Francine, eyes shut, against Lavinia.
Lavinia and Francine walked away from the police and the sheet over the delicate thing upon the ravine grass.
Lavinia felt her heart going loudly in her and she was cold, too, with a February cold; there were bits of sudden snow all over her flesh, and the moon washed her brittle fingers whiter, and she remembered doing all the talking while Francine just sobbed against her.
“No, we’ll make it,” said Lavinia to nobody, and they walked on. They walked through the nuzzling, whispering ravine, the ravine of whispers and clicks, the little world of investigation growing small behind them with its lights and voices.
“I’ve never seen a dead person before,” said Francine.
They started up the ravine side, on the stony path, in the dark. And suddenly there, barring their way, standing very still in one spot, not seeing them, but looking on down at the moving lights and the body and listening to the official voices, was Douglas Spaulding.
He stood there, white as a mushroom, with his hands at his sides, staring down into the ravine.
“Get home!” cried Francine. He did not hear.
Douglas jerked his head, stared at them as if they were not there. His mouth moved. He gave a bleating sound. Then, silently, he whirled about and ran. He ran silently up the distant hills into the warm darkness.
Francine sobbed and cried again and, doing this, walked on with Lavinia Nebbs.
The three young women stood in the summer night looking at each other. “I’ve got a notion to go in the house and lock the doors,” said Helen at last.
The three women moved along the street under the black trees, past suddenly locked houses. How soon the news had spread outward from the ravine, from house to house, porch to porch, telephone to telephone. Now, passing, the three women felt eyes looking out at them from curtained windows as locks rattled into place. How strange the popsicle, the vanilla night, the night of close-packed ice cream, of mosquitolotioned wrists, the night of running children suddenly veered from their games and put away behind glass, behind wood, the popsicles in melting puddles of lime and strawberry where they fell when the children were scooped indoors. Strange the hot rooms with the sweating people pressed tightly back into them behind the bronze knobs and knockers. Baseball bats and balls lay upon the unfootprinted lawns. A half-drawn, white-chalk game of hopscotch lay on the broiled, steamed sidewalk. It was as if someone had predicted freezing weather a moment ago.
“We’re crazy being out on a night like this,” said Helen.
A shadow fell across their terrified faces. A figure loomed behind a tree. As if someone had struck an organ a terrible blow with his fist, the three women gave off a scream, in three different shrill notes.
“Got you!” roared a voice. The man plunged at them. He came into the light, laughing. He leaned against a tree, pointing at the ladies weakly, laughing again.
“Hey! I’m the Lonely One!” said Frank Dillon.
Francine began to cry hysterically.
They moved. He moved to follow.
“Stay right there, Mr. Lonely One, and scare yourself. Go take a look at Elizabeth Ramsell’s face and see if it’s funny. Good night!” Lavinia took the other two on along the street of trees and stars, Francine holding a kerchief to her face.
The drugstore was a small pool of sluggish air which the great wooden fans stirred in tides of arnica and tonic and soda-smell out onto the brick streets.
“I need a nickel’s worth of green peppermint chews,” said Lavinia to the druggist. His face was set and pale, like all the faces they had seen on the half-empty streets. “For eating in the show,” said Lavinia as the druggist weighed out a nickel’s worth of the green candy with a silver shovel.
“Man sitting at the counter—watched you walk out. Said to me, ‘Say, who’s that?’ Why, that’s Lavinia Nebbs, prettiest maiden lady in town, I said. ‘She’s beautiful,’ he said. ‘Where does she live?’ ” Here the druggist paused uncomfortably.
“I guess I didn’t think. I said, ‘Oh, over on Park Street, you know, near the ravine.” A casual remark. But now, tonight, them finding the body, I heard a minute ago, I thought, My God, what’ve I done!” He handed over the package, much too full.
“You fool!” cried Francine, and tears were in her eyes.
Lavinia stood with the three people looking at her, staring at her. She felt nothing. Except, perhaps, the slightest prickle of excitement in her throat. She held out her money automatically.
“There’s no charge on those peppermints,” said the druggist, turning to shuffle some papers.
“It was just a man,” said Lavinia, turning in a slow circle to look at the town.
he first showing was over, intermission was on, and the dim auditorium was sparsely populated. The three ladies sat halfway down front, in the smell of ancient brass polish, and watched the manager step through the worn red velvet curtains to make an announcement.
“That means us, Lavinia!” whispered Francine.
The lights went out. The screen leaped to life.
One by one the three women turned to look.
They saw a white face there, flickering with unholy light from the silver screen. It seemed to be all men’s faces hovering there in the dark.
“Helen, come back!” cried Lavinia, rising.
They tapped their empty soda glasses down, each with a vanilla mustache on their upper lip, which they found with their tongues, laughing.
“I’m sorry,” said Helen faintly.
The clock said eleven-thirty now. They had come out of the dark theater, away from the fluttering rush of men and women hurrying everywhere, nowhere, on the street while laughing at Helen. Helen was trying to laugh at herself.
“I apologized,” said Helen, looking up at the great fan still whirling, whirling the warm late night air, stirring, restirring the smells of vanilla, raspberry, peppermint and Lysol.
“Closing up, ladies.” The druggist switched off the lights in the cool white-tiled silence.
Outside, the streets were swept clean and empty of cars or trucks or people. Bright lights still burned in the small store windows where the warm wax dummies lifted pink wax hands fired with blue-white diamond rings, or flourished orange wax legs to reveal hosiery. The hot blueglass eyes of the mannequins watched as the ladies drifted down the empty river bottom street, their images shimmering in the windows like blossoms seen under darkly moving waters.
There were a thousand people in the windows, stiff and silent, and three people on the street, the echoes following like gunshots from store fronts across the way when they tapped their heels on the baked pavement.
A red neon sign flickered dimly, buzzed like a dying insect, as they passed.
Baked and white, the long avenues lay ahead. Blowing and tall in a wind that touched only their leafy summits, the trees stood on either side of the three small women. Seen from the courthouse peak, they appeared like three thistles far away.
And so they walked, they drifted like three prim clothes forms over a moonlit sea of lawn and concrete, Lavinia watching the black trees flit by each side of her, listening to the voices of her friends murmuring, trying to laugh; and the night seemed to quicken, they seemed to run while walking slowly, everything seemed fast and the color of hot snow.
They sang sweetly and quietly, arm in arm, not looking back. They felt the hot sidewalk cooling underfoot, moving, moving.
They listened to the summer night. The summer-night crickets and the far-off tone of the courthouse clock making it eleven forty-five.
Lavinia listened. A porch swing creaked in the dark and there was Mr. Terle, not saying anything to anybody, alone on his swing, having a last cigar. They saw the pink ash swinging gently to and fro.
Now the lights were going, going, gone. The little house lights and big house lights and yellow lights and green hurricane lights, the candles and oil lamps and porch lights, and everything felt locked up in brass and iron and steel, everything, thought Lavinia, is boxed and locked and wrapped and shaded. She imagined the people in their moonlit beds. And their breathing in the summernight rooms, safe and together. And here we are, thought Lavinia, our footsteps on along the baked summer evening sidewalk. And above us the lonely street lights shining down, making a drunken shadow.
“Lavinia, Helen, stay here tonight. It’s late, almost midnight now. You can sleep in the parlor. I’ll make hot chocolate—it’ll be such fun!” Francine was holding them both now, close to her.
And Francine began to cry.
“Oh, not again, Francine,” said Lavinia.
“Good night, good night!” Rushing upstairs, Francine whisked behind a door, which slammed to be snap-bolted tight on the instant.
The courthouse clock struck the hour. The sounds blew across a town that was empty, emptier than it had ever been. Over empty streets and empty lots and empty lawns the sound faded.
“Nine, ten, eleven, twelve,” counted Lavinia, with Helen on her arm.
“Don’t you feel funny?” asked Helen.
The sound of the deep warm dark ravine came near.
She heard the man’s voice.
A man’s voice singing far away among the trees.
She walked a little faster.
Down the street in the dim moonlight a man walked slowly and casually along.
And that’s who it was, of course.
She went on, leaving him under a light, humming to himself, alone.
Here I am, she thought.
She stood on the edge of the one hundred and thirteen steps that went down the steep hill and then across the bridge seventy yards and up the hills leading to Park Street. And only one lantern to see by. Three minutes from now, she thought, I’ll be putting my key in my house door. Nothing can happen in just one hundred eighty seconds.
She started down the long dark-green steps into the deep ravine.
“One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten steps,” she counted in a whisper.
She felt she was running, but she was not running.
“Fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty steps,” she breathed.
“One fifth of the way!” she announced to herself.
The ravine was deep, black and black, black! And the world was gone behind, the world of safe people in bed, the locked doors, the town, the drugstore, the theater, the lights, everything was gone. Only the ravine existed and lived, black and huge, about her.
She listened to her shoes on the steps.
She screamed. It was like nothing she’d ever heard, that scream. She had never screamed that loud in her life. She stopped, she froze, she clung to the wooden banister. Her heart exploded in her. The sound of the terrified beating filled the universe.
Nothing, she thought, holding her heart. Nothing. Fool! That story I told myself. How silly. What shall I do?
Shall I call the officer—did he hear me scream?
I’ll go the rest of the way. That silly story.
She began again, counting the steps.
She took a step. There was an echo.
Another echo. Another step, just a fraction of a moment later.
A step and an echo.
The crickets were listening. The night was listening to her. For a change, all of the far summer-night meadows and close summer-night trees were suspending motion; leaf, shrub, star, and meadow grass ceased their particular tremors and were listening to Lavinia Nebbs’s heart. And perhaps a thousand miles away, across locomotive-lonely country, in an empty way station, a single traveler reading a dim newspaper under a solitary naked bulb, might raise up his head, listen, and think, What’s that? and decide, Only a woodchuck, surely, beating on a hollow log. But it was Lavinia Nebbs, it was most surely the heart of Lavinia Nebbs.
Silence. A summer-night silence which lay for a thousand miles, which covered the earth like a white and shadowy sea. Faster, faster! She went down the steps.
She heard music. In a mad way, in a silly way, she heard the great surge of music that pounded at her, and she realized as she ran, as she ran in panic and terror, that some part of her mind was dramatizing, borrowing from the turbulent musical score of some private drama, and the music was rushing and pushing her now, higher and higher, faster, faster, plummeting and scurrying, down, and down into the pit of the ravine.
Only a little way, she prayed. One hundred eight, nine, one hundred ten steps! The bottom! Now, run! Across the bridge!
She told her legs what to do, her arms, her body, her terror; she advised all parts of herself in this white and terrible moment, over the roaring creek waters, on the hollow, thudding, swaying almost alive, resilient bridge planks she ran, followed by the wild footsteps behind, behind, with the music following, too, the music shrieking and babbling.
He’s following, don’t turn, don’t look, if you see him, you’ll not be able to move, you’ll be so frightened. Just run, run!
She ran across the bridge.
Oh, God, God, please, please let me get up the hill! Now up the path, now between the hills, oh God, it’s dark, and everything so far away. If I screamed now it wouldn’t help; I can’t scream anyway. Here’s the top of the path, here’s the street, oh, God, please let me be safe, if I get home safe I’ll never go out alone; I was a fool, let me admit it, I was a fool, I didn’t know what terror was, but if you let me get home from this I’ll never go without Helen or Francine again! Here’s the street. Across the street!
She crossed the street and rushed up the sidewalk.
Oh God, the porch! My house! Oh God, please give me time to get inside and lock the door and I’ll be safe!
And there—silly thing to notice—why did she notice, instantly, no time, no time—but there it was anyway, flashing by—there on the porch rail, the half-filled glass of lemonade she had abandoned a long time, a year, half an evening ago! The lemonade glass sitting calmly, imperturbably there on the rail,. . . and . . .
She heard her clumsy feet on the porch and listened and felt her hands scrabbling and ripping at the lock with the key. She heard her heart. She heard her inner voice screaming.
Unlock the door, quick, quick!
Now, inside. Slam it! She slammed the door.
“Now lock it, bar it, lock it!” she gasped wretchedly.
The door was locked and bolted tight.
The music stopped. She listened to her heart again and the sound of it diminishing into silence.
Home! Oh God, safe at home! Safe, safe and safe at home! She slumped against the door. Safe, safe. Listen. Not a sound. Safe, safe, oh thank God, safe at home. I’ll never go out at night again. I’ll stay home. I won’t go over that ravine again ever. Safe, oh safe, safe home, so good, so good, safe! Safe inside, the door locked. Wait.
Why, there’s no one there at all! Nobody. There was nobody following me at all. Nobody running after me. She got her breath and almost laughed at herself. It stands to reason If a man had been following me, he’d have caught me! I’m not a fast runner. . . . There’s no one on the porch or in the yard. How silly of me. I wasn’t running from anything. That ravine’s as safe as anyplace. Just the same, it’s nice to be home. Home’s the really good warm place, the only place to be.
She put her hand out to the light switch and stopped.
Behind her in the living room, someone cleared his throat.
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2019-04-24T20:38:08Z
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http://tools4literature.weebly.com/the-ravine.html
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may, of course, be said of all things acquired by ignominious means.
'Substantial, sir,--yes, they are substantial, but a little coarse.'"
That was the review, and even that did not sell the book!
give any encouragement to you to proceed in novel-writing.
did turn up in my favour, then how much might I win!
questions, however, and to this day have received no information.
rid himself of your importunity at so cheap a price.
inclined to defend them as far as my small powers went. S. G. O.
Whether there ought to have been a cheque I do not even yet know.
said. But I know that I did my best in writing them.
therefore I determined to change my hand, and to attempt a play.
me the full benefit of his professional experience.
which I have read a score of times. It was altogether condemnatory.
"When I commenced," he said, "I had great hopes of your production.
but you have done it for me in the last speech of Madame Brudo."
the brightest and best work I ever did.
back to Ireland, and for some weeks I laboured very hard. I "did"
good Irish Guide at a cheap rate.
country to do became aware that I was anxious for good results.
him as to the disposal of every letter which came into his office.
for bringing them irregularly to his door.
postal arrangements far and wide.
them. But my first idea had no reference to clergymen in general.
altogether wrong in supposing that the two things could be combined.
language I had been a surveyor's clerk,--now I was to be a surveyor.
and every grange in England.
We were at this time very much unsettled as regards any residence.
house at Donnybrook, the well-known suburb of Dublin.
and after a while informed me that there would be profits to divide.
remuneration for the time, stone-breaking would have done better.
never reached the essential honour of a second edition.
unpardonable carelessness the grammar was not unfrequently faulty.
criticism which appeared in the Times newspaper as to The Warden.
consciousness must again have been very powerful.
"BARCHESTER TOWERS" AND THE "THREE CLERKS"
rural posts that I made my first attempt at writing for a magazine.
the end of 1857 I had received �55 for the hard work of ten years.
be subject when going to work before four or five fellow-passengers.
country farmers' wives when asking them after their letters.
be regarded as a first real step on the road to substantial success.
giving the best of his intellect to support his trade as an actor.
would very soon take away from England her authors.
lacks it is either above or below humanity. I own to the infirmity.
only by the plain rules of honesty which should govern us all.
felt them to have at the time.
but the payments have been spread over twenty years.
I gained, even though I should get more money by going elsewhere.
title-page are not worth more to you than the increased payment."
I had better go elsewhere.
it to Messrs. Longman, I took in the first instance to Messrs.
and had but one day in London in which to dispose of my manuscript.
lacked authority. Perhaps his judgment was against such purchase.
don't be historical; your historical novel is not worth a damn."
purchase. It was certainly the best novel I had as yet written.
read it. I had not the heart to kill her. I never could do that.
examination; but I became, and am, very fond of Sir Charles Trevelyan.
But for all that The Three Clerks was a good novel.
"I am in time now, and nobody shall turn me out of this seat,"
alluding to former little misfortunes of which I had been a witness.
shoulder. "The people are so ill-natured I don't like to ask them.
but I fear he was disappointed.
and on driving up to a hotel at ten in the evening found it full.
Thence we went from one hotel to another, finding them all full.
horse could not be made to go any further. Such was our condition.
for the inhabitants of the country.
and point to my wife and brother-in-law. I had no other "people."
plot, and he drew out that of my next novel, called Doctor Thorne.
historians. But in those days no such acknowledgment was usual.
Plagiary existed, and was very common, but was not known as a sin.
be credited with no more of the work than he has himself produced.
to London, on my road, and again went to work among the publishers.
far enough to arrange a sale while the work was still on the stocks.
many words which have since been spoken by me in that back-shop.
to buy the book, there would have been no danger.
period which I have allowed myself for the completion of the work.
to make half his journey.
of being late with my task. I have known no anxiety as to "copy."
demand upon my industry, has done all that for me.
until the allotted task shall be accomplished.
sin by describing here the nature of the difficulty which met me.
easy and secure in England could be attained with safety in Egypt.
who managed the railway, might probably wish to accommodate them.
hand I was always sure.
how thoroughly he covered us with ridicule!
Doctor Thorne, and agreed to sell them The Bertrams for the same sum.
away very much from The Three Clerks, both in pathos and humour.
than the gift of construction shown in the two works I have named.
was very pleasant when it came.
Glasgow, all belonging to The Bertrams, are not good.
I hope to that of my masters in St. Martin's le Grand.
this journey would be required, I proposed the book to Messrs.
best way of writing a book intended to give accurate information.
quite in the same light.
Chapman & Hall and successfully demanded �600 for my next novel.
THE "CORNHILL MAGAZINE" AND "FRAMLEY PARSONAGE"
Huntingdonshire, and the greater part of Hertfordshire.
in the Post Office could even vote for a Member of Parliament.
were disregarded and language used which had no savour of red-tape.
not sure that they were so delightful to others.
of October, and the other from the editor, written two days later.
"36 ONSLOW SQUARE, S. W.
see whether you can't help us in many other ways besides tale-telling.
wide awake and calling for the second volume of The Three Clerks.
that which I was about to receive from Messrs. Chapman & Hall.
any defect in this respect.
rule. I can say, however, that I have never broken it since.
was a good name with which to conjure. The proprietors, Messrs.
dish in the banquet to be provided?
of procrastination which had at that time grown upon the editor.
its commencement till there was left to him no time for commencing.
There was still, it may be said, as much time for him as for me.
while I was still at the bottom.
begged that I would endeavour to frame some other for his magazine.
magazine;--but to that he expressed himself altogether indifferent.
He wanted an English tale, on English life, with a clerical flavour.
call the plot of Framley Parsonage.
man she loved till the man's friends agreed to accept her lovingly.
them longed for the other, and they were not ashamed to say so.
I should think that human nature would give them success anywhere."
flights than mine. Such lessons come to us from our greatest poets.
characters like themselves,--or to which they might liken themselves.
among men of my own pursuit.
met many men who afterwards became my most intimate associates.
whom in latter life I have loved no man better,--Robert Bell, G. H.
of the work that I did.
I do not think that more conscientious work was ever done by man.
what those ideas are. But this artist was neither proud nor idle.
day my affection for the man of whom I am speaking has increased.
of my regard,--as one living man never tells another.
edition of the British poets; but he achieved no great success.
Committees, of which he was a staunch and most trusted supporter.
Eliot,--has also been and still is one of my dearest friends.
himself to doubt till the faculty of trusting has almost left him.
novelists of the present day.
companion; his ready wit always gave him the last word.
Of Thackeray I will speak again when I record his death.
know all the accessories, as though I had lived and wandered there.
"CASTLE RICHMOND;" "BROWN, JONES, AND ROBINSON;" "NORTH AMERICA;"
time. This, however, did not create either difficulty or confusion.
weaving novels, and we manage to keep the different tales distinct.
published; and poor as the work is, I remember all the incidents.
itself a weak production. The characters do not excite sympathy.
a prig. As regards the scamp, the girl's mother is her own rival.
character; and the mother, who is strong enough, is almost revolting.
as that which I have said here.
it coolly, I do not know but that I have been right to cling to it.
choose between books and cards, I should no doubt take the books.
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2019-04-21T06:05:15Z
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https://www.fulltextarchive.com/page/Autobiography-of-Anthony-Trollope2/
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Creating stories is my life. I have always been enthralled by the written word and there is nothing better than falling into a book and completely forgetting the world as I explored the one I was in.
Nick was always and forever will be my biggest fan. He was there for my first book publication, went to all my book signings, and had a huge impact on my second book. He is the main topic of my fourth book, The Puzzle Quests, Shimmer’s Eggs.
He also was a creative writer and loved to read as much as I did–probably more. An avid lover of the library, Nick always wanted to share his love of books.
When he passed, I longed to hear any story someone wanted to share about Nick. There were so many, and as it warmed my heart, it also broke it. He had so much to give, and I couldn’t understand why his life would be cut short.
After nine years, it’s hard to imagine there would still be stories that I hadn’t heard from when he was with us. Recently, I was in our bank talking to the manager. She wanted to help with Nick’s Fight to be Healed Foundation. I was very happy to hear that and looked forward to working together.
Then she shared a story. When Nick was in middle school, he volunteered to be a book buddy for his elementary school. Sharing his love of stories and reading to other kids was the perfect way to help others.
Her son, who is also named Nick was involved in this Book Buddy program. My Nick was his mentor and buddy. Nick also brought him some fun items to encourage reading. He and his mother never forgot it as the connection impacted them both.
Stories are precious. They connect people, they heal, entertain, and help us remember those who have gone before us.
I am grateful that she and so many others have shared their Nick stories with me. It reminds me that he is always here.
It has long been said that once you meet a De Tillio, you are never the same. When you are in a room with De Tillio women, you know there will be a lot of laughter, crazy antics, and outlandish conversation. My father and brother learned to go with the flow and be very flexible with four exuberant women in the house.
Today we got together to celebrate our fall birthdays, shop, and well…laugh. It doesn’t take much. And the funniest part is that no one else may understand what we are hysterically laughing about. It just happens, doesn’t stop, but can be quite contagious. We aren’t afraid to be the brunt of the joke, act ridiculously, or be plain old corny. See below.
Technically Stephanie (on the left) and I are the middle siblings, since Sal is the oldest, but I have always been considered the middling. It’s not easy having to balance the Stephanie’s sharp outbursts of comedic humor from the emotional volcano of Michele (on the right) when she passionately expresses her opinion or one of us has been wronged.
Having an older and younger sister has always meant that I had someone to look up to and take care of me and then someone I protected and babied. I am like the filling in the Oreo cookie. I can go it alone, but man it so much better all together!
I am grateful for the laughter, love, and silliness. Our family has been built on having a grand time no matter where we are or the circumstances. I love being a Cammarata, but I will always be a down home De Tillio gal!
Today I am grateful for taking the time to be with a special family. There was a Chairity fundraiser in memory of Nick Heald who passed away July 29, 2017.
There were so many amazingly crafted Adirondack style chairs made by those who love and miss this beautiful young man. Nick always made a similar chair for the South Glens Falls Marathon Dance that annually raises an incredible amount of money each year to help families in need and local foundations.
Events like these help the family, and I felt so much love as everyone united over a common cause. I was glad I went and thankful to everyone who treated me like family.
I am grateful that 17 years ago, Nick and Connor brought Colleen and me together. Our boys met on the bus and lived right around the corner from each other. In addition to playing together, Connor joined Nick in karate and our families bonded.
Colleen is a powerhouse of vitality, integrity, grit, and perseverance. Whatever she does, she does with intention and full-charged energy.
If you ever need someone in your corner and to cover your back, Colleen is the Charlie’s Angel of our tribe. She has always supported me in any crazy plan I come up with, loves with all her heart, and sees the good in others. She is one of the biggest supporters and volunteers behind Nick’s Fight to be Healed Foundation. When Nick was ill, Colleen took the initiative and started a fund knowing we would need financial support for his transplant. When we lost him, she came to the funeral home and helped us with all the arrangements. A sister of my heart, she has supported me in some of the hardest tasks in my life. We could not have done it without her. It takes a damn strong woman and friend to take on those tasks.
She stands true to what she believes in and is an inspiring warrior. She isn’t afraid to speak her truth and fight for others. For the past 10 months, Colleen has been battling her own fight against breast cancer. Colleen took this disease with a vengeance and intensity that she brings to every day of her life. She has shown that a positive attitude is one of the biggest healers.
Nick must have known I would need a tribe of amazing women to get me through life. Colleen is certainly one of them. For her 50th birthday, I wish her love, endless joy, and strength in her purpose.
I am grateful for sunflowers. Nine years ago I lost my boy. In my life, there has been no greater pain.
As sunflowers arrived at my door, I thought of Nick. Their upright and sturdy stems speak to strong bonds and loyalty. Nick was loyal to his family and friends. He stood for what he believed in, not worrying about any cost to himself. The strong bonds he held with people continue to this day, because his roots and values ran deep and he loved with all his heart.
The color of sunflowers are as vibrant as Nick’s smile.
He always smiled. Oh yes, he had his moments, but sunshine and love lit through him. He brought laughter, joy, and had the ability to make others smile.
Pictures of Nick–always have a smile or smirk.
Sunflowers provide nourishment, hope for continuing life. Nick physically isn’t here, but his spirit, his strength, his determination feeds my soul when days like today are so hard. The work we do in his name provides hope and emotional nourishment for other children who face cancer.
As the sunflower blooms it turns toward the sun. It rises to each new day–faces the positive, conveys warmth, and happiness. That is how I remember Nick. Always positive, seeing the good, sharing his arm personality, and being such a happy boy.
I strive to be like him in these ways. When I miss him, I raise my face and my heart to the sun. I feel his warmth and energy. He’s always with me, and I’m grateful he chose me as his mom.
For everyone who thinks of Nick and remembers him today, I hope your day is filled with love and sunflowers.
We are all raised with a certain perspective based on our parents’ influences, beliefs, and opinions. When we head out on our own and experience different situations our perspective can change. Sometimes a new way of looking at life is thrust upon us by opportunity, tragedy, loss, separation, relationships, the list is endless. Some are positive and some not so much. And we long for the time before our lives were flipped upside down.
My life, just like so many others, has been flipped upside down and it’s tough to handle especially this month. Tonight I am grateful I took the opportunity to try something new and literally change my perspective. Whether it’s aerial yoga (I think I grew an inch, but my head felt like it was going to explode) or traveling to a new place or going back to school, doing something different, switching your life upside down on your terms can open your mind to so much.
Tonight I needed something physical to get me out of my head. I needed to shake up my perspective that October is really difficult for me and have do something adventurous.
It was fun, and I’m grateful my sidekick was there with me. I’m not sure if this type of yoga is her thing as there was plenty of swinging through the air, but she was openminded enough to give it a try.
No matter what I do, I am grateful my perspective on life hinges on the hope that tomorrow will be better, the knowledge that I have a whole tribe who have my back, and I am strong enough to bend, but not break.
I am grateful to have boys who remind me to catch the moment and be in the present. Stephen continually reminds me to pay attention to what he is saying or what we are doing instead of trying to take photos or write down daily details. I can’t seem to help it. I have always been that way. In a way it’s a good thing. If your kids grew up with mine, there’s a great chance I have some awesome photos of your child.
It can be bad, because Stephen hates getting his photo taken. I may be at fault for that! I love capturing those moments, but it’s true they are never quite as pure or true as when they are happening. And when they are happening, my face is behind the camera. I miss the good stuff.
Take today. During a break in the rain, I took Zoey and Dakota out for a walk. I left my phone in the house (I know it’s a shocker!) and we strolled down the road. I was immediately in awe of the clouds. Some were laced along the sky while others were floating by like shreds of cotton balls. Flurries of birds flipped through the air. There were so many and they flew so erratically, they looked like black leaves just released from the trees.
And fall trees. They are my favorite. Deep red scarlet, burnt orange, buttery yellow, golden brown, bronze, and green hues. The brilliance reminds me of the beauty this world can hold. I was surrounded by it and knew it mattered. That moment, not the photo that I could have taken, but being in it right at that time and place.
You’ll notice there isn’t a photo for this post. It’s in my heart and my mind. I hope you take a moment to enjoy where you are right now.
By the way, in my dream the other night, Nick told me to put down my camera and take in the whole picture. Messages are all around and for that I am especially thankful.
I wake up and appreciate what I have.
There was nothing lazy about today, but being home to get caught up feels likes downtime to me. When I’m running around all week, all I look forward to is one day to sleep in and do stuff around the house.
I slept until the dogs made themselves known by barking at whatever noises freaked them out. That was fine, since I had a whole list of items I wanted to finish. The usual–laundry, vacuum the piles of dog hair, use my dishwasher that finally got fixed (woo hoo!), clear the dining room table, food shop, bills, etc. See, not so lazy of a day.
It was such a beautiful day out that I had to take the time to enjoy it and walk the dogs. Lauren who lives next door and Addy who lives across the street love walking the dogs with me. Today they were playing together (they are 7) and asked to walk the dogs. So we took a stroll, they basically ran with the dogs and talked. Not stressing about what needs to be done and spending time with the kids on the street makes it a lazy and wonderful day.
After food shopping, I made an orzo soup that was perfect for a day of chilling and catching up. My husband’s lazy day consisted of playing soccer, then cleaning up the yard and gardens, and prepping for winter. The soup was just what we needed to slow down.
Now that the bills are paid and there’s still some money left over (another woo hoo!), I’m going to chill out and read.
The upcoming week may be plum crazy, but today was plain lazy, and I’m grateful for both.
Stephen was born exactly two years and two weeks after Nick. We barely made it to the hospital or onto a bed before he shot out into the world. He hasn’t stopped since.
Nick always made Stephen laugh and was his best translator. Whenever we couldn’t understand what Stephen was saying Nick could tell us. Stephen never rolled or crawled. At 13 months, he actually walked in Disneyland just like in the commercials.
After that he was always on the run.
Yesterday Luke and I went to see Stephen to celebrate his birthday. I am thankful he still hugs his mom, although not when there are girls around that he wants to meet. That’s all right! I take the hugs when I can get them!
I am grateful Stephen has wonderful friends who are like brothers to him. They have grown up together and have always been there for each other. Stephen is loyal, kind, compassionate, and true to family.
He has a good heart, and I am so happy whenever I get to spend time with him. He is such a pleasure to talk. He has his own mind, opinions, and path. We talk about the world, music, school, philosophy, and dreams. Every milestone in his life has been intriguing as I see the man he is becoming. I am grateful he chose me to be his mom to raise him, instill good values, and allow him to go the way that is best for him.
He will always be my baby. His smile and the love in his eyes warm my heart.
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2019-04-26T06:07:15Z
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https://writetobehealed.wordpress.com/2017/10/
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With last year heralding the Mobile Suit Gundam franchise's 35th anniversary, it's shouldn't be any surprise that Bandai and Sunrise had plenty of projects in store to celebrate. Gundam Build Fighters returned with a brand new sequel series (signalling a range of new custom model kits), and popular manga series Gundam: The Origin is also in process of being adapted into a series of OVA releases. But perhaps the biggest news for longtime fans was the arrival of a brand new series entitled Gundam: RecoNguista in G - written and directed by Gundam creator himself Yoshyuki Tomino. His first Gundam project since Turn A Gundam back in 1999, G-Reco returns fans to the main Gundam universe in a timeline that follows on from the original Universal Century.
Unless you've spent the last year or so living under a rock when it comes to otaku culture, chances are you'll have heard of or at least seen something do with Kantai Collection. What started out in 2013 as a free-to-play web browser game where you control moe girl anthropomorphisms of famous Japanese World War II battleships has now turned into a fully recognised franchise - storming Japan with figures, manga, light novels and of course more games. However 2015 marks the year KanColle (as it is often abbreviated to) takes the leap into animation, with a full 12-episode series from studio Diomedéa. With the game still currently only properly available to play in Japan, the show's simulcast streaming on Crunchyroll marks a big step in Kantai Collection's bid for a global takeover.
What do you do when you've released almost every Dalek variant in a particular scale? Release them all over again in another one of course! After kicking things off with a standard grey Dalek drone from Genesis of the Daleks (which other that the original 1963 version was definitely the right place to start), the 3.75" scale Doctor Who figures now have a whole paint chart of repaints to choose from. And to start things off Character Options have decided to go back in time a few years to 1972, releasing the Gold Supreme Dalek from the classic Third Doctor story Day of the Daleks. This particular variant also went on to appear in Frontier in Space the following year, and more recently graced the cover of the (spectacular) Eighth Doctor Dark Eyes 4 audio boxset from Big Finish.
The beginning of a new year - and arguably the most important time for the Super Sentai franchise. A years' worth of adventures for one team reaches it's explosive conclusion while a brand new ones' begin (along with all the wonderful new toys that come with it). But before either of those happen, it's time for the annual versus series team up movie. Ressha Sentai ToQger vs. Kyoryuger sees the cast of Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger return for one last roar, teaming up with the ToQgers against a rather large story thread left hanging from their own show.
It's a brand new year for the 66 Action range of candy toys from Bandai, and with the line going from strength to strength with each passing release I can't wait to see what 2015 brings. Despite humble beginnings as simple a range of cheap, poseable Kamen Rider figures it's now extended into a number of other franchises as well as growing a sizeable fanbase. January saw the launch of the 66 Action Ultraman line, and now the Riders return for an impressive fifth wave. This time the selection includes Kamen Rider Drive's Mashin Chaser, Kamen Rider OOO Tajador Combo, Kamen Rider Ryuki and Kamen Rider Black.
It's almost a given now that any Doctor Who figure wave is going to feature at least one Dalek, and as far as I'm concerned it's deservedly so. They're easy to produce as there's so many variants, and a sure seller to both children and collectors alike. Wave 3 of the relaunched 3.75" scale Doctor Who figures was even lucky to have two Daleks as part of it - one heralding from the classic era of the show, and one representing the relaunched version. Of course a standard bronze Dalek had already been released as part of wave 1, and both the BBC and Character Options seem quite easy to forget that the New Dalek Paradigm was even a thing. Cue a simple but effective repaint, battle-damaging things up to get an Asylum Dalek from the season seven opener Asylum of the Daleks. Which for the record I absolutely hated, but that's a different rant entirely.
S.H. Figuarts vehicles - one of those things I'm sure many collectors wish they owned more of, but often don't have the space or funds to buy them on top of the constant flow of figures. The recent Kamen Rider-1 & New Cyclone set was my first foray into the world of Figuarts bikes despite nearly four years of collecting, and while no means a regrettable purchase not quite enough to persuade me to add them to my constantly growing want list. When it comes to the Kikaider franchise though, that's a different story. Joining the Kikaider and Hakaider Figuarts are their respective vehicles - the Side Machine and White Crow, to round off the releases from the original Android Kikaider series before moving onto sequel Kikaider 01. This review takes a look at Kikaider's Side Machine, which was released as a Tamashii web exclusive at the end of November 2014.
After a prolonged period of silence following the Space Sheriff Gavan revival movie, Toei's Metal Heroes franchise has returned once again in a pair of V-Cinema (direct to video/DVD) releases breathing new life into the second and third entries in the Space Sheriff trilogy of shows. With Space Sheriff Sharivan: Next Generation sowing the seeds for a much bigger case, its time for Shaider to take the reigns in the second part of this new adventure - Space Sheriff Shaider: Next Generation. Like Sharivan, Shaider also has a new face behind the mask that many tokusatsu fans will surely recognise. This time it's actor Hiroaki Iwanaga, who previously portrayed fan favourite Date Akira/Kamen Rider Birth in Kamen Rider OOO. While this is technically Iwanaga's third outing as the new Shaider, it's the first time he's gotten top billing and a chance to really strut his stuff in the role.
The revival of the Space Sheriffs and Metal Heroes franchise hasn't been the smoothest of sailing. Although Gavan managed to crash two different Super Sentai series before going on to star in his own relaunch movie, things have been rather quiet for his immediate successors Sharivan and Shaider. Sure all three also appeared in Super Hero Taisen Z shortly afterward (along with a few other Metal Heroes cameos), but it was mostly about Gavan there as well. However now is the time of the other Space Sheriffs, with two V-cinema (aka direct to video) releases specifically dedicated to them. First up is Space Sheriff Sharivan: Next Generation, which sees Gekiranger star Riki Miura return once again the play the second generation Space Sheriff.
Movie REVIEW: Kamen Rider Gaim: Great Soccer Battle! Golden Fruits Cup!
There's always been two types of Heisei era Kamen Rider summer movies - those set in parallel worlds separate from the main canon, and those that actually tie into the series. The pre-Kamen Rider Decade films mostly fell into the former category, while the post-Decade ones fell into the latter. Kamen Rider Wizard cleverly tried to avoid these categories with a film that had the show's fall into a parallel universe, but Kamen Rider Gaim took it even further with a parallel universe movie which tied into the show itself - twice! But that's not all there is to Kamen Rider Gaim: Great Soccer Battle! Golden Fruits Cup! - in the summer of 2014 Japan (along with the rest of the world) was firmly in the grips of the FIFA World Cup in Brazil, prompting Gaim to do a very unlikely bit of cross-promotion. If you thought fruit-armour samurai was weird enough, this is a whole different ball game.
It's no secret that Bandai Tamashii Nations is running out of Kamen Rider figures to do. Despite having a plethora of movie-exclusive characters still to do as well as various other bits and pieces from across the franchise's 44 year history, in terms of titular Riders there's only a handful left to go. And so to draw out their main cash cow even further, the S.H. Figuarts line has turned its attention toward the numerous bikes that are still left - particularly those from the Showa era of the franchise. Most of these have come in form of web exclusive sets, but some of the more popular ones have managed to escape that and return to retail release once again (in the form of both two-packs and separate reissues). The end of 2014 saw Riders 1 and 2 receive this treatment, so it's no surprise to see their direct successor Kamen Rider V3 reissued to accompany his bike - the Hurricane.
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2019-04-22T18:49:54Z
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http://www.myshinytoyrobots.com/2015/03/
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If you share essential oils, avoid common mistakes and build trust!
I started learning about essential oils through a well-known essential oil company and started sharing with others pretty quickly after I learned about some of their many benefits and enrolled as a member. Since then, I have earned a Certification in Aromatherapy and thinking back, some of the things I did early on in my journey before getting this education, make me cringe.
Sharing essential oils is great because it feels good to be able to help people, and to empower them to have tools to help themselves. Despite the many benefits essential oils have, they also have safety considerations. It’s important to know what you can do to share responsibly and reduce the risk of adverse reactions.
Knowing what I know now, I do things differently when I share samples.
Pure Therapeutic Grade Essential Oils: Keep out of reach of children and pets; for external use only; dilute in carrier oil for use on skin; avoid exposure to eyes, ears, and mucus membranes; store tightly sealed away from heat and light; consult with a qualified practitioner before using internally; use caution if you are pregnant or nursing, or if you have a serious medical condition.
Avoid exposure to sun or tanning for 12 to 18 hours after using this oil on your skin.
2. Write expiration dates or batch numbers on your samples. Expired essential oils can have altered chemistry and cause adverse reactions (I explain this in more detail further down in this post). Rotate expired samples out and either discard them or use them for something else that doesn’t involve direct skin contact, like cleaning or laundry ( I don’t like them to go to waste either).
Whether you just like to help people, or are a member of a multi-level marketing company and want to grow a downline/team (usually it’s both!), these tips can help prevent some of the mistakes I made early in my journey.
It’s common sense and common courtesy. Some people are highly sensitive to chemicals, natural or not.
You don’t have to be an expert, but the more you know, the more you can help. I highly recommend checking out the resources out there by certified aromatherapists and experts in the field, like Aromahead Institute, Tisserand Institute, and Atlantic Institute, as well as professional organizations such as NAHA and AIA. In fact, I recommend passing along these resources to people you share with. Check out my Resources page for some suggestions.
Print them out on the same slip of paper with the safety cautions, or have a file with your favorite links that you can send to the recipient of the sample. Your favorite essential oil company most likely provides a wealth of information and resources, but I believe it is important to learn from multiple resources so you see a variety of approaches and perspectives.
There are several factors that can degrade your oils: Heat, Light, Air, and Time. These factors lead to oxidation, which changes the chemistry of the essential oils, affects the therapeutic qualities, and can result in adverse reactions, like skin irritation, or even sensitization, an acquired allergy. Knowing the expiration dates and proper storage will ensure that that the samples you are providing are not compromised.
Proper storage: Keep the oils away from excessive heat and light, and minimize how much they are exposed to air – it is best to store them in dark glass with the lid on tight, without too much “headspace”, which means if there isn’t much oil in the bottle, it will have more headspace and more oxygen, resulting in faster oxidation. Pure essential oils can break down some kinds of plastics, so glass is the best material to use for your samples.
Note the batch number on the bottles of essential oil. Sometimes they are stamped onto the bottom, sometimes they are on the label. There may also be an expiration date on the bottle. I like to note the actual distillation date, or date the oil was bottled if distillation date is not available. If in doubt, contact the essential oil company/companies whose oils you buy.
Here’s what I do: Write the batch number or expiration date on your samples – I like to use blank cap sticker “dots” and place them on the bottom of my 1/4 and 5/8 dram sample bottles.
Next 3 numbers: Julian calendar date (this is a different calendar system than one one we use. In this system February 17 would be 48, because it’s the 48th day of the year (see the link for more information).
So a lot number of 150066A would mean that it was bottled in 2015 (15), January 6 (006), in USA (A). If it is a citrus oil, you would know that it is best to use it by January of 2017.
This is so important, and not knowing, as well as passing on faulty information can damage your reputation, relationships, and trust. So many people have great intentions but unknowingly give information that leads to an adverse reaction to an essential oil. This is the number one reason essential oil consultants have a negative reputation in this industry. For years now, the Atlantic Institute has gathered data from essential oil injury reports and a surprising amount of reports is by people who acted on the advice of a well-meaning but under-informed consultant. Below I have summarized some information, but it is not all inclusive.
There are many great resources for learning essential oil safety (Some of these can be found on my Resources page). For example, Tisserand Institute is a great place to start, and Aromahead Institute has a free online intro to essential oils course with a section on safety guidelines.
*When offering essential oil for immediate topical use, offer a carrier oil first so the person has the choice of diluting.
*Don’t recommend unsafe use: The most common unsafe recommendations involve internal-use methods, undiluted use on the skin, and inappropriate use of essential oil on infants.
My thoughts on internal use – There are a lot of differing opinions on internal use. I don’t recommend drinking essential oils in water or telling others to do so. Some essential oil companies sell essential oils contained in specially formulated capsules, or other forms. This may carry fewer risks than drinking essential oils in water, and I would like to think that companies that formulate products for internal use do the appropriate research, but I am not far enough in my continuing education to understand all of the risks and benefits of these formulations. I do know from reading Tisserand and Young’s book Essential Oil Safety, 2nd edition, that there are more risks with internal use of essential oils (versus topical or aromatic use) when there are other factors present such as medications, health problems, or pregnancy.
The best practice is to recommend that a person speak to a qualified professional who is trained in safe internal use of essential oils before considering this method.
My thoughts on diluting – When in doubt, always dilute. Some risks of using essential oils “neat” on the skin are skin reactions that can range from mild to severe, and may include sensitization, where one develops an allergy to an essential oil. Always recommend diluting when you share essential oils.
Infants – avoid essential oils directly on the skin – any amount used should be heavily diluted, diffuse less than you would for an adult, use hydrosols instead; some essential oils should be avoided near the face such as peppermint and eucalyptus Note: While infants and children can benefit from essential oils, they don’t need as much and can easily be overwhelmed. Aromahead has a blog with a lot of great information on using essential oils with children.
Animals – Some are more sensitive than others, and in many cases, essential oils may be too concentrated for them. When diffusing, be sure that pets have an escape route so that they can leave the room if they want to.
I ask if the person is open to trying essential oils and if it’s ok if I share some, or if they want to try some, and offer carrier oil if offering the essential oil to be used topically.
I include a slip of paper that has a list of safety precautions, if offering a sample to keep.
I ask people if they are pregnant or nursing, have any serious medical conditions, liver or kidney disease, or epilepsy, avoid the contraindicated oils and advise on the related precautions.
I provide my business card and get their contact information so that I can follow up and provide more information and resources.
I show the person how to use the sample.
Sample drams – these are tiny bottles that hold 20 to 40 drops of essential oil, depending on the size. Good sizes for sharing are 1/4 dram (approx 1mL) and 5/8 dram (approx 2 mL) sizes. I like to have some empty ones in addition to my samples.
Note: I like to show people how to use the samples, especially if the sample drams have the plastic orifice reducer which can make it difficult to dispense the oil.
Dropper Bottle and carrier oil – I carry a small dropper bottle with jojoba (it’s a liquid wax often used for diluting essential oils), because so few people have allergies to jojoba, and because it does not go rancid. I like to label my dropper with the batch id number of the jojoba I am using.
Cap stickers – You can get sheets of these that have the names of essential oils on them, and it’s helpful to have a sheet of blank ones too for batch numbers or blends.
Small bags – I found a box of 175 bead bags (3 x 5 inch) a craft store that are clear, resealable and the perfect size for samples, and fits business card as well.
Pen/Pencil – This may be out of date for many, but I still find them handy!
Brochures, promotional material, membership forms – If you are building a business with your mlm company, these are handy to have on hand, but I recommend reviewing the information to see if there is anything you don’t agree with as far as usage recommendations.
I hope this information has helped you gain more confidence in how you use and share essential oils!
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2019-04-23T18:46:19Z
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https://earthandaether.net/2018/01/18/sharing-essential-oils-responsibly/
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Relate: About a month back I landed in the airport of a strange land I had never visited except in my prayers. With me I carried three suitcases, the two larger of which could not way over a hundred pounds. (They weighed in at 87). All that was in those suitcases was the sum total of my remaining possessions. Everything else had been sold or given away. Without a doubt, the hardest part of that pairing down process was the elimination of my library. To say I had hundreds of books would be a lie. It was closer to a couple thousand. Roughly half of these were theological in nature and a good chunk of the rest were history or science. I had to let go of treasures like The Bible, Rocks, and Time by Davis Young, The Fabric of the Cosmos by Brian Greene, and Chaos by James Gleick among many, many others. These three, and plenty of other books have broadened my perspective, taught me more about this wonderful world our Creator has made, and given me a better understanding of who He is.
Science is a great teacher. It is an excellent tool and any Christian who fears it or its findings only demonstrates their personal lack of faith in a great big God who beggars definitions, defies limitations, and destroys the boxes we are so desperate to create for Him to keep ourselves comfortable. But science has its limitations. My first attempt at blogging more than a decade back took place in a forum that has become a ghost town called myspace. In my second blog on that site I proposed two difficulties that science and in the decade since I have still seen no adequate answer for them. I call these difficulties the pendulum problem.
If I were to start a pendulum and take accurate measurements, I could soon use math to chart exactly when and where that pendulum would reach the apex of each swing. I could tell you exactly where the pendulum will be at any given future moment in time. I could also work backwards and tell you where the pendulum has been at any moment in the past as well. The problem is, those math equations will not be able to tell us where and when my single, non-repeatable event of starting that pendulum took place. The numbers would push right past that moment into a fictitious past. In fact, if the further I go back, the more ridiculous the numbers my equations calculate would begin to look. The math that works so well for the present, future, and recent past simply become useless when an outside factor changes the game.
For the second problem, we need to imagine that our pendulum is the entire universe. It has been created and set into motion and those on that pendulum might be able to figure out a lot about the world around them. They might be able to create a workable series of laws about the what, where, and how of everything they are able to know, which is that pendulum universe. But those on that pendulum would never be able to understand the why of the pendulum, the origins of it, or anything of any existence outside that pendulum. They would believe the existence of that pendulum is the sum of everything without realizing that it is merely a tool serving a greater purpose. All of this would be impossible for them to know unless it were revealed to them by someone or something that exists beyond their pendulum.
React: Science has its place. It is a very important one. But science does not have final say. It can tell us much about our world, but there has been one who has come into our world from beyond it. He became one of us so that we can understand Him and emulate Him but He is far, far greater than the stuff of this earth. This intricate, amazing, beautiful, breathtaking world of ours is His work of art. As am I. So are you. He loves us and He loves it and when we learn to do the same, we can better begin to understand Him.
God, don’t let me ever lose the passion to learn more and more about You and this wonderful world You have made. You are the star breather. You spread out the galaxies with more ease than I pull aside a curtain. You have named each and every star, yet You have also counted every hair on my head. OK, that’s not hard, but for some other heads… You have not only set in place the tiniest particles in the quantum world but also continue to hold everything together by Your power. All of creation reveals Your greatness, and wisdom, and brilliance. Let me do the same.
Here at RCG we aim to encapsulate the online Christian world. I have been subscribed to this blog for about a year now and love the daily posts.
Well said, my friend. The visual of the universe as a pendulum is amazing.
I come from a family of atheists who say, ” christians are too stupid to be scientists. Saying you’re a scientist and a christian is an oxymoron because christianity is acceptance of made up stories that have nothing to do with fact.” I believe our God is an infallible God, but that we’re imperfect and that God is the mind behind the intelligent design, the will, the way.
The more I understand about science, the more clearly I see the hand of the Creator. Great post!
The “Pendulum”! I really like this. It is a great scientific explanation of what is happening, how it continues to happen but cannot explain when it started to happen or even how it started. I will remember this post. Thanks for your thoughts and wisdom.
As the pendulum swings, so does ones life. While one was not aware of the moment when their life began, it began all the same. We see the motion of the pendulum and can scientifically find answers to how fast and when it will reach each position of it’s movement, we cannot find when or how it started. While science searches for the begining of time, when this all began, it misses the target that someone had to start it, someone had to build the pendulum, someone was in the begining. A “Think Tank” question: who started the pendulum of life?
Thank you, and praise God, for the excellence of your posts. It is wonderful how God is blessing you and how your pour that blessing out.
I never tire of reading your posts! “Science is a great teacher. It is an excellent tool and any Christian who fears it or its findings only demonstrates their personal lack of faith in a great big God who beggars definitions, defies limitations, and destroys the boxes we are so desperate to create for Him to keep ourselves comfortable.” -This is completely true. Thanks for sharing!
Sorry, but I have to challenge you on word “exactly”. Your stamen reveals, that you are overestimating, mystifying math. That is you hold that math is infinitely accurate and able to describe, or even command how reality works. This is clearly not the case. If this would be the case, scientist would not need to build expensive instruments which goes “ping” (jk), to test that their math at least accurate to some degree. All they would have to do is to work out the math and we could be absolutely sure that reality is the same. Of course this is not what happening and rightly so. Math at most can give us a very accurate estimation but not exact description of how things work in the universe around us.
True, the math for the pendulum would only be exact in a vacuum. There would be other factors that must also come into play like wind, barometric pressure, etc. But the problem would not be in the math but in knowing what and how these factors would be accoumted for in he math.
No! The problem would be the math! Even if we could allow for all influencing things in the math. It still would be impossible to predict exactly where the pendulum would be. One of the problem is, we have to use Pi in our calculations, as the movement of the pendulum is on the circular path. Since we cannot have the exact value of Pi, just an approximation (3.14 …) the result also will be an approximation, therefore not exact.
To suggest belief is impossible for a scientist is silly for many do believe. Christianity has adapted to science we now have big-bang Christians and the Pope accepts the big bang theory. Those Christians who hold rigidly to the Bible account are becoming fewer as science produces more evidence for the great age of the universe. The main problem with Christianity is in the realm of ethics.
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2019-04-22T20:05:43Z
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https://theriverwalk.org/2016/04/30/john-13-creation-and-science/
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The State of the Guild represents the evolution of our ideas and processes as we work to achieve the vision outlined in our Guild Charter. This monthly newsletter and podcast provides members the latest guild news, events, and discussion topics. You can find archives of previous addresses here.
Before we delve too far into what is coming, it’s worthwhile to remember what we have accomplished. As of today, House of Zug is 7/10N & 4/10H with what I anticipate will be more kills this week. As of now, we plan to continue our Heroic progression in Blackrock Foundry, likely until we are 7/10H before looking onward to the very challenging final three encounters.
Those who are new to the team or may need a refresher on the upcoming strategies should check-out the “2-Minute Boss Tips” by Line of Sight Gaming.
One thing that I want to address is the rate of policy change in House of Zug. Two of our core values are transparency and professionalism, and we firmly believe that all change must be necessary, carefully evaluated, and properly communicated. Many GMs conjure policies seemingly from thin air, and that’s not who we want to be. While I recognize that sometimes change can be slow, I hope you recognize that when change does come, the product you receive in House of Zug will always be the result of careful deliberation.
Moreover, I have been stunned by abundance of excellent feedback and suggestions, especially from the veteran raiders. I really want to emphasize how much I appreciate this. One of our core values on house of zug is collaboration, and I want every member of this team and community to feel comfortable contributing their ideas and opinions of the direction of the guild. As officers, we work incredibly hard crafting what we believe are the best ideas, but there is always room for improvement, rethinking, and revision. All we ask is that you take the time to craft your ideas and professionally present them at appropriate times and through appropriate channels.
According to your feedback, we are excellent at communication; good for us! We try very hard to always provide a clear and consistent agenda and be available for your direct questions through a variety of media forms. However, for a new player joining the guild today, the volume of communication can be overwhelming.
As you have undoubtedly seen, houseofzug.com has been recieving a makeover. Our primary goal is to make the site easier to use for visitors. We have already condensed most of the literature into smaller, easier to read segments and reformatted the page layout to convey a more professional, distinguished theme. But we aren’t stopping there!
A short introduction video, hosted by Crusade and Barotar, describing the guild, our values, goals, and application process. This video will provide a 50,000 ft. glance at the House of Zug experience for prospective members that do not want to invest 30 minutes and 100,000 words browsing our site.
A new raid application section (see New Gladiator Application below). Currently, our application process is too cumbersome for someone only interested in joining our community (ie. non-raiders). Consequently, we will be slashing our guild application down to a 5-minute max. process (currently around 20-minutes). Players interested in taking the next step into raiding can apply directly as a Gladiator or join the community first and then request a promotion at a later date. Our ultimate goal is to differentiate ourselves as a Blizzard gaming community--not just a raiding guild.
A short video tutorial on how to perform a short, self-analysis using Warcraft Logs. This video will walk through each of the core metrics raid leaders use to evaluate performance. By the end of this video, raiders will be able to perform a quick, 2-minute performance check to see how you are progressing relative to your teammates.
Introducing Friday Night FlexI am extremely excited to officially announce the introduction of a new event in the House of Zug events calendar. Friday Night Flex (FNF), hosted by Kadre, will take place (you guessed it) every Friday and is aimed at introducing up-and-coming players to the raid scene. The event will begin and end at standard raid times (invites at 5:15 PM Pacific and wrap-up by 9:00 PM).
First, the event offers non-Gladiators the opportunity to enjoy current raid content with real structure, leadership, and camaraderie (elements altogether absent in LFR or P.U.G.s). Zuggies of all experience levels and talents will have to opportunity to learn and advance with the help and guidance of experienced veterans.
Second, Friday Night Flex prioritizes player experience over progression. The atmosphere should be fun and exciting. No one should get upset or flustered. Most raids will only kill a handful of introductory normal-mode bosses and there will be a fair amount of encounter explanations for the new players, but that’s okay because we’re all just there to have fun, do our best, and see as much content as we can in a limited window of time.
Third, FNF offers an incredible opportunity for recruitment. The event will be open to the entire Silvermoon/Mok’Nathal community and take place on a high-traffic night which is not typically associated with progression raiding. Our hope is that this event will help increase awareness of our community, introduce new players to the joys of organized raiding, and bolster our roster with a healthy stream of new and Gladiators.
Obviously, this event will have nothing but positive effect on our Tu/Th progression raiding team. Moreover, the success of this event is largely contingent on the participation levels of our veterans. Therefore, we have elected to offer effort points (EP) for attendance. Any Zuggie who attends the event in full and is kind, patient, and respectful will earn 25 EP for their support.
FNF is worth only a quarter of the EP earned from a standard raid and is in no way considered mandatory for Gladiators or Kor’Kron.
Raiders can earn EP for their main characters by attending FNF on their alts or off-specializations.
The loot you acquire in FNF does not cost gear points (GP).
FNF uses Personal Loot system to avoid drama and distribution delays.
Although you may ask to join the raid at anytime, only players who attend the full event will earn EP.
FNF is meant to be lighthearted. Don’t go if you can’t have fun!
Building a Better CommunityHouse of Zug is more than a raiding guild, we are a broad and diverse group of gamers with evolving interests, goals, responsibilities, and schedules. Blizzard Entertainment offers so much more to explore and enjoy than just progression raiding, and it is a priority of this guild to sponsor a diverse calendar of events.
Please contact Barotar if you are interested in applying for the Guild Events Manager position.
I would also like to add a note on attendance and signups. Organizing and running events is a lot of work. The people who volunteer their time, energy, and knowledge for no pay and for your entertainment deserve your utmost respect and courtesy. It is very disheartening to schedule and event, get signups, only to have no one attend. Remember, one of the member pledges in the Guild Charter is to “clearly communicate schedules and alert organizers of last-minute changes to availability.” Please show these organizers the respect they deserve by updating your calendar status and using GroupMe private messages to convey last minute scheduling changes.
Updated Raid Team ApplicationAs we mentioned earlier, one of our core goals for houseofzug.com is to make the new/prospective member experience as navigatable as possible. One of the ways we are accomplishing this is by consolidating the member application process into only a few short questions and creating a separate Raid Team (Gladiator) Application on the forums for those who want to move up the ranks and join the progression team.
The requirement for Gold Proving Grounds has (finally) been lifted.
Initially, this requirement served to help ensure applicants had the baseline skills necessary for heroic raiding. Later, we introduced the combat logs alternative. As raid leaders, we always prefer combat logs because they provide us much more information and specific insight into where an applicant may be struggling. Therefore, with the introduction of Friday Night Flex, which raiders can attend to record their logs, we can now safely dissolve the need for the PG: Gold achievement and simply require combat logs for all applicants.
The item level requirement for Gladiator has been lifted to 665 or greater.
This is the standard accepted item level for Heroic: Blackrock Foundry.
And all Gladiators are now required to maintain 400 effort points (EP) to retain their rank.
This new clause is intended to automatically demote anyone who has not raided with us for a long period of time. To put in perspective this requirement, you only need to attend one in every five raids to maintain 400 EP (20% attendance). Gladiators who fail to maintain minimum effort point will simply be demoted to member status and may reapply for the raid team at any time.
All Gladiators will now be elevated to 400 effort points (EP), simply for earning their promotion.
Yes, this means that EVERYONE who is already on the team will be earning 400 effort points for doing absolutely nothing! This change is necessary because we are now requiring Gladiators to maintain 400 EP. Obviously, they cannot start at zero, or they would be demoted as fast as they were promoted.
Minimum EP requirements have been removed.
The new 400 EP requirement already prevents inactive raiders from unfairly taking loot away from active ones. Therefore, we feel confident that loot restrictions for new Gladiators is no longer necessary.
We have added a Base GP of 400.
Obviously, if we started all Gladiators off at 400 EP and 1 GP, then their PR would be astronomical! According to the EPGP philosophy, we want new raiders to start right in the middle of the pack. Therefore, by adding a Base GP of 400, all raiders will not start at a PR of 1.
The effort point requirement for Kor'Kron has been lifted from 1200 to 1400.
This is obviously to compensate for the increase to 400 base effort points for new Gladiators.
Weekly Logs AnalysisAs much as I would love to think that every idea presented in the State of the Guild is a good one, some just seem better on paper than they do in practice. Unfortunately, the weekly logs analysis ended up feeling more like homework than an opportunity. I was incredibly impressed at the feedback given for the Highmaul Responses, but I think it just asks too much of players to draft a weekly reflection. As such, we have scrapped this project and will no longer be presenting new questions for effort points (EP). Not to worry, there will be plenty of other (hopefully more fun) options to earn bonus EP in the future.
You Are Your ClassFolks, let's face it: you are your class, not your specialization. Attending a raid with only one optimized specialization is like trying to play football without special teams; you're denying the team the full range of your talents. The choice of what to main is yours, but when you sign up to play on a raid team, you are agreeing to lend your entire skill set to the team: not just a fraction of it.
First, there is a reason that every class in the game has a damage specialization; Blizzard obviously thinks it’s important to have one. As has been clearly stated for months in our raiding charter and Gladiator application, all tanks and healers must come prepared to each raid with a viable damage specialization. Honestly, the expectations are not that high, but if you cannot stay alive or even outperform the tanks, you are severely limiting the teams chances of success.
Second, hybridization is extremely important. As you have seen, some fights (like Gruul or Hanz/Franz) are easier with excess healers. Others (like Flamebender or Beastlord) have stricter window dps requirements that limit the need for healers. In the latter examples, the damage caused by failing the dps checks far exceeds the additional healers. This is just like any other mechanic; when we fail, we need to make adjustments to give ourselves the best chance at future success.
Third, the alternative to hybridization is removing people from the raid. House of Zug is meant to be a community, and I loathe benching players (and I'm sure you do too). However, if our players continue to only develop 50% of their class' potential, I’m just going to have to get used to a paradigm in which I sit raiders (without EP) for 50% of fights.
Fourth, hybrid classes are...shocker...HYBRIDS! You do not have to play a hybrid, but if you do, you shouldn’t be shocked when you team expects versatility.
Fifth and finally, being a damage dealer doesn’t mean you get to ignore your other two specializations. There is nothing wrong with an Enhancement Shaman who also maintains an Elemental Specialization for when we need more ranged dps. Likewise, I would expect an Arcane Mage to switch to Fire or Frost for better cleave on Beastlord.
Now, I'll be the first to admit that I haven't been strictly enforcing this policy, so there is no sense in getting upset. But from now on, know that I have higher expectations for this team. Beginning as early as Tuesday, Crusade will be asking players to perform their off roles more frequently, and we will expect reasonable performance. I highly recommend attending Friday Night Flex and running some LFRs this weekend to hone in any skills you have have let atrophy.
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2019-04-21T17:06:51Z
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http://www.houseofzug.com/news/implementing-your-feedback
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So many people I talk to about oil cleansing will admit to not fully understanding the concept, let alone have tried it! So I am hoping to fly the little “oil cleansing” flag and try get some new friends for this amazing cleansing method that could work wonders for your skin. What is the oil cleansing method? Well oil cleansing is just that, it is a method of cleansing the face using oil or at least oil based products.
And I know that even just the description will have some people saying “oh no, no, not for me I have oily skin that’s the last thing I need!” but this is not the case my friend, not the case at all.
So just to put a bit of background to the story! A lot of the time mainstream cleansers play a role in stripping the natural oils from our skin, which then can make the skin feel tight, and cause the skin over-produce natural oils to counterbalance the initial stripping of the natural oils. It can tend to be a viscous cycle and leaves your skin feeling dehydrated not long after cleansing, but then a follow up of feeling like you have a build up of oil on your face over time. Not cool!
The concept of oil cleansing is an ancient tradition, which existed before soap became commercially available. It works on the method that oil is used to cleanse the skin by entering the pores, dissolving any oil hardened by impurities like dirt and bacteria, a hot face cloth laid over the face then creates steam which draws out and removes the oil. So, basically like attracts like! Acne.org explains the science bit very well! “The best way to dissolve a non-polar solvent like sebum/oil, is by using another non-polar solvent similar in composition”.
The method itself centres around massaging oil into the skin for at least 2 minutes, then using a warm face cloth to remove & cleanse away excess oil and impurities. Oil cleansing method in conjunction with double cleansing is the way forward! Using a Cleanse Off Mitt to do an initial cleanse (you have to read the Skin Nerds blog on this and you will never look back!) and then using a suitable oil-based cleanser to definitively remove any excess make up, sunscreen, sweat or dirt will ensure that your skin is well and truly squeaky clean! Our Peachy Aloe Vera Based cleanser is in fact an aloe vera and oil-based cleanser. We use a blend of oils low on the comedogenic scale (meaning the they do not clog your pores) to nourish and moisturise your skin while providing a thorough cleanse.
I feel like I’m always quoting the same fact, but it is true that we absorb up to 60% of what we put on our skin. And that means it goes into our bodies, and sometimes the ingredients of products can have a lasting, damaging effect.
So, because we are basically living in the costa del Ireland at the moment, which has been A MAY ZING!! I have been getting a few questions about the danger of sunscreen and the benefits of maybe choosing a natural alternative!
The active ingredients in sunscreen can be mineral based or chemical based, chemical based means it has the potential to enter the blood stream (which makes me shudder even writing that). Mineral sunscreens contain things like zinc oxide (non-nano) and titanium dioxide and they create a physical barrier to protect the skin from the sun. You know when you see cricket players or surfers with their noses covered with a thick layer of “cream” – usually zinc oxide! It physically blocks/diverts the rays of the sun.
Chemical sunscreens do as they say on the tin, they use chemicals. The Environmental Working Group (EWG) say chemicals in sunscreen can be classified as endocrine disruptors, estrogenic and can interfere with thyroid and other hormone processes.
But we are lucky we live in Europe, as we have the Scientific Committee on Consumers Safety (SCCS) which provides recommendations on the safety of cosmetic products. As sunscreen is something that comes into contact with our skin it is considered a “cosmetic product” and falls under the SCCS. The committee makes some guidelines in relation to the standard of sunscreen and the UVA and UVB protection including the minimum allowed = SPF6, UVA protection must be 1/3 of UVB (Pirotta G, 2015) .
We now have good access to mineral sunscreen which protects against UVA and UVB and in the most do not penetrate the skin barrier or act as hormone disruptors. In the US they are still waiting for some of these less toxic options to be regulated and made available…. insert eye roll here!
I think what most people are concerned about is an ingredient called oxybenzone. Oxybenzone is one of the most common ingredients in chemical sunscreen available in the US – pretty worrying when it has been linked to hormone disruption and mentioned in links to endometriosis in women. Oxybenzone is one of the reasons you see warnings against children or pregnant breastfeeding women using sunscreens with it as an ingredient!
Overall, in my opinion, there are some great natural mineral based sunscreens out there and they really do work! Some don’t have it just right yet, they are very heavy in the physical barrier element and can be difficult to rub in and can leave that pasty look, others can split meaning the oil-based element comes apart from the other ingredients so make sure to give the tube a good shake before dispensing! Regular reapplication is also very important.
So, if it is a possible option for you then maybe give one a go! All sunscreen serves a purpose, a very important purpose, but sometimes we should really be aware of the consequences of that purpose. Asking questions like will It cross the skin barrier? Will it have hormone disrupting properties etc, are sometimes genuinely worth asking.
My Low Tox Journey ..... so far!
Ok so, I started making a conscious effort in January of this year. I had wanted to do something like this for a very long time. Over the years I was just becoming so aware of the potential affect the ingredients in our skincare can have on our health (hence Peachy!). I started to read more and more papers/articles highlighting the potential affect of plastic on our health, and I just thought, ok I’m going to give this a go!
One of the first changes I made was with my little boy, most days we head off for walks around our home town and I always bring a little food bag with some fruit, water and a little sandwich. I used to use plastic sandwich bags for storage, but then I made the switch to using little paper bags. Very small change but it was a start none the less! And so on from there it went.
Listen, I don’t want to get all technical and “sciencey” on you about the effect of plastic in food alone for example, other than to say quite simply, the containers do not just “hold” your food for you. The type of plastic the food is held in has the potential to leach into the food product, and when ingested, this chemical is not exactly an ideal thing to have in your body. I’ve put some links to some articles and papers at the bottom if anyone is interested in reading into it in more detail. Some of the newspaper articles are a little scare mongering, this is a relatively new area of research, so read with an open mind.
I am always amazed each week at how so much of our food is provided in plastic containers, fruit, veg, sliced ham, cheese, pre packed meats …..you get my drift! When we do a “big shop” I remove all the plastic packaging from the food, and transfer the different items into either glass/wood or stainless-steel bowls. We changed from plastic cooking utensils to stainless steel, one of my first steps was to bin all the plastic ones! So many changes can be made, to reduce chemicals even making your own antibacterial sprays for the kitchen and bathroom see www.facebook.com/peachynaturalskincare for recipes! There are biodegradable toothbrushes out there! Made from corn starch no less or bamboo! For little man Peachy we use Jack and Jill corn starch toothbrush and they also have a natural toothpaste all available on www.earthmother.ie. Even buying fruit and vegetables from smaller grocers where there is little to no packaging helps, and making your own sugar/salt scrubs at home to try to avoid microbeads are all small steps that make big changes!
Don’t get me wrong, I’m not milking my own cows out the back garden or anything, but I’m just trying a more natural approach. I do believe it all makes a difference somewhere along the way and sure it’s not hurting anyone! And listen there are times when I still end up having to use plastic, we haven’t thrown out all of the plastic Tupperware just yet ….. Mr. Peachy is holding firm on that one lol. But my point is I believe in this approach, I am doing what I can to make it work for our day to day life, and I just wanted to share the journey! There has been a positive response so far, with a good few people also trying to make changes now too!
Follow me on Instagram @peachynaturalskincare for more info!
Microbeads - it's not us.... it's you!
Recently there has been an awful lot of kerfuffle about these teeeeeeny tiiiiiiny little chaps called microbeads. Sure, if they are so small what harm can they do I hear you say? Well let’s just say safety in numbers does not apply here.
In most cases the little things you feel on your face and body when you exfoliate? They’re microbeads. A microbead is a piece of plastic, less than 2mm in size, that you will find in most every day personal care products including wait for it ….. toothpaste!
One of the main problems is that these little guys are not biodegradable, meaning they cannot be broken down by environmental or bacterial factors and so they become a pollutant to the environment. Its estimated that 100’s of 1000’s of them go down the drain each time you exfoliate in the shower, or brush your teeth. They have also been known to absorb toxins, meaning they can be potentially harmful to humans and wildlife depending on where they end up in the environment.
According to GreenPeace, around 8 million tonnes of plastic enters the ocean every year. I find this figure staggering, this is HUGE! And what is worse, is the plastic ends up being ingested by marine wildlife putting them all at risk. Have you ever seen that video of the turtle that had a straw stuck in its nostril? It sounds funny …… it’s not, it’s terrible & had he not been rescued he would have died. The BEAT THE MICROBEADS campaign is fantastic, and has led the good fight in this problem resulting in a large number of multintational companies promising to end their use of microbeads within the next few years….. which is a pretty long time no?
Here is a link to a clip that gives a good idea of the impact of microbeads on the environment.
Natural Skincare and me …..a love affair to last a lifetime.
Growing up I didn’t have the most amazing skin on the block but I didn’t have the worst either so I figured I faired ok. I think someone looking down felt sorry for me enough I already had glasses, braces & thought it was uber-cool to slick my hair back each day with Dax wax ….. yep, the male hair product…. I’m just going to let that hang there for a second.
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2019-04-20T05:04:36Z
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https://www.peachy.ie/blog
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Today’s business mantra is "growth at all costs". However, Karen Tidsall of InterCHANGE People Development argues that businesses need a more sustainable way of working for long-term success.
The recent obsession with growth has become so mainstream that we don’t even question it. But the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) has suggested that achieving sustainability will require an approach that de-emphasises growth and explicitly embraces environmental and social goals as the key dimensions of development.
But the dominant economic paradigm perpetuates the myth that growth is the only way forward. This is not workable and on a fundamental level it is de-humanising. Organisations increasingly require a more sustainable way to work in the future.
There is a deep-seated emotional driver that is pushing the economy and people to beyond their capacity – boiled down to its essence this can be seen as the need to be loved. While we are not terribly comfortable looking at work through the lens of the psyche, emotions play a leading role in our life at work. Psychologists Teresa Amabile and Steven Kramer interviewed 600 managers and found that 95 per cent thought money was the key motivator for employees. But after analysing over 12,000 employees, they found that the number one motivator was emotion: the feeling of making progress toward a meaningful goal everyday.
Deep down all human beings are susceptible to harbouring a core belief that “I have to be perfect in order to survive”. But the job of growing up and of becoming an adult is about examining deep-seated beliefs as they strongly influence not only our relationships but how we create and manage our systems and organisations.
A common psychological trap for many is assuming that we can perform always at our peak – particularly when we are young – because this is actually when we are at our most productive. But no one can sustain this level of output in anything longer than short bursts. The right amount of pressure is good for us and will lead to increased motivation and satisfaction. But organisations, leaders and individuals in the pursuit of the growth agenda mistakenly assume that everyone should perform at their peak level at all times. This is simply not sustainable. While the optimum level of pressure is different for everyone, too much leads to stress, impaired decision making, lower productivity and eventually burn out.
Sustainable achievement is the counterbalance to the 24/7 short-termism that plagues business. It advocates that congruency, empathy and respect within work are the core conditions necessary for individuals, teams or organisations to grow for the long term. It is about challenging the growth-for-growth sake agenda and re-examining how we lead our organisations and develop employees within them.
In many ways this requires a redefinition of power. Leaders have a duty to be as fully conscious as they possibly can so they are not perpetuating unhealthy patterns of behaviour. Our CEOs and leaders generally don’t have measures in place for self-scrutiny but the more power leaders hold the more self-scrutiny they need. In the world of therapy there are prescribed procedures for self-reflection – it’s the professional code of conduct that ensures therapists have both the support and checks in place to keep their professional services on track. Had similar balances been enshrined in business before 2008, the near collapse of the Western banking sector could well have been avoided.
Organisations can establish healthier, more sustainable ways of working which don’t compromise the bottom line but in fact build it for the long term. Organisational health is fast becoming the new competitive advantage. After ten years of research McKinsey found that healthy companies perform most successfully. In its research on 16 oil refineries McKinsey discovered that organisational health accounted for a 54 per cent variation in performance. There is a growing understanding in business literature, research and within progressive organisations as to what the practical steps are to build sustainable achievement in business.
It is essential for any organisation to have its core purpose discussed, defined and clearly written up. Business leaders must ask: what are our values and how do we demonstrate them? This has to be regularly reviewed and refreshed. John Baldoni, author of “Lead With Purpose”, describes purpose as a combination of vision, mission, and values. In its simplest form, purpose is the organisation’s reason for being. Once there is a deep congruency and connection between people and the organisation’s core purpose, it enables the creative electricity to flow.
Embedding a coaching culture gives managers the skills to behave in ways that inspire an adult response. So they are able to use a coaching style in daily conversations: the “I have some ideas but I’d like to hear yours” approach. ILM’s research in 2010, named “Creating a Coaching Culture“, found that 95 per cent of leaders saw direct benefits to the organisation when coaching was introduced. The list of benefits included improved communication and interpersonal skills, leadership skills, conflict resolution, personal confidence, attitudes and motivation, management performance, as well as preparation for a new role or promotion.
Effective performance management systems set out what is important in the company based on the goals of the organisation and its defined values. Again, enlightened leadership is key – a good manager is able to establish limits and boundaries. For example, working for a set number of hours and not sending urgent emails at 11pm on a Saturday night. Linking effort and achievement with support, rest and recuperation. Only then can individuals contribute at their best in the long term.
Sustainable achievement is critical for development and none more so than in training where organisations often send staff on training and then get them straight back onto the day job. Giving little chance for neither embedding learning nor fundamentally changing working practices. The counterbalance is a development system where each individual or team is able to learn well, reflect and apply their learning in their day-to-day work for the betterment of themselves and the business.
Today’s most successful organisations have sufficient structure in place to hold business activity but enough freedom for organic emergence and creativity to flourish. It’s a tricky balance to achieve. Too many processes and procedures lead to corporate suffocation. The solution is a clever architecture which gives employees signs on a roadmap. There is a structure in place but it’s flexible enough to meet different types of customer needs. And the most evolved solution is where employees are able to co-create the experience with the client. LEGO is pioneering the way here with its creative platform where anybody can post a suggestion for a new product. If it attracts enough supporters and goes into production then one per cent of the revenue is shared with the originator. Virtually all products created in this way sell out.
Paul Gilding, in his book entitled “The Great Disruption”, points out that we will not respond to ecological sustainability when 50 per cent of biodiversity has been wiped out. But we will when 50 per cent of the value of our economy and lifestyle is threatened. And we’re at least 20 per cent down that road. Sustainable organisations give employees, teams and leaders the opportunity to perform at an optimum mental and emotional state.
A successful business rests on the capacity for its people to think clearly, make considered decisions and maintain levels of motivation. They can only do this if well resourced. In sustainable achievement there is constant alertness which monitors the dynamic balance between giving and receiving, rest and effort, and using resources in a balanced way. This creates successful organisations which grow and contribute, that understand the difference between need and greed, and short versus long-term success.
Karen Tidsall is CEO of InterCHANGE People Development.
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2019-04-22T14:27:01Z
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https://realbusiness.co.uk/achieving-a-more-sustainable-business-model-should-be-prioritised-over-growth/
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For a long, silent moment Takeda Kanryuu stared in utter disbelief at the small patch of undisturbed ground where the Ancient and her companion had been before letting out a frustrated, bone-chilling growl of rage.
The birds who had settled in the area immediately took flight with terrified squawks as black eyes found and nailed in place one of the two mages who had followed the redhead back. With another chest rumbling snarl Kanryuu launched the charged ball still in his hand directly at the frozen mage; his need to destroy something overpowering all else. A faint, twisted smile pulled at his lips as the man was lifted off his feet and driven violently into a gnarled tree trunk.
A shot of pain suddenly radiated out from the jewel in his chest, making his breath seize. Gasping Kanryuu wrenched his tunic and under kimono open to find out just how much damage the brat had done before she’d killed herself.
“I don’t believe they are dead“ his teacher replied. But the statement fell on deaf ears as the jewel suddenly came into view. Kanryuu inhaled sharply and winced as another wave of pain ripped through his torso.
“It would seem the Takeshi children are no longer necessary.” His companion noted nonchalantly.
Kanryuu didn’t bother to reply as he continued to stare in stunned silence at the star-shaped jewel that had been the bane of his existence for the last ten years. The glaringly pristine surface that had once mocked his own attempts to damage was now heavily-webbed with minute spider cracks; the power it had held in check up until now glittering along the tiny pathways.
A maniacal laugh rose up to escape from his throat as the reality of what she had done finally sunk in. Before he could do anything to finish the job himself though his teacher’s hand shot out like a snake and without warning struck the weakened jewel. Kanryuu hissed as the shock of it ripped through his heavily bruised chest, the magically crafted jewel bursting into a thousand tiny blood-covered fragments; unleashing his power in a mind blowing torrent.
Kanryuu went rigid as the potent energy flooded through his veins like a drug and for the first time in ten years he instinctively called lightning out of the clear blue sky above, blasting the only rogue left standing into a pile of ash where he stood agape. Another laugh, hoarse and malevolent, tore from his throat at his accomplishment and he was just about to blast a tree in half for the hell of it when the sense of euphoria was ruthlessly torn to shreds by a soul-searing, breath-stealing heat. The force of the inferno stunning him, ripping the very sound of his triumph from the air.
Gasping and shaking, he tried to wrench himself away from the white hot fire suddenly burning into his chest. Before he could move an inch his teacher’s free hand clamped down onto his shoulder, pinning him place while the other continued to drive raw fire into the hole to cauterize the wound.
Kanryuu bit his tongue to keep from screaming and glared up into the glowing red eyes fixed on him as the creature’s features shifted and flexed, his real form continuously trying to superimpose itself over the shell housing it. Although sickened by the sight, Kanryuu refused to look away, instead gritted his teeth against the pain; waiting for his teacher to finish.
Much to his intense relief a few heart pounding moments later the fire subsided and he was released. Allowing him to slump and drag air into his lungs.
“The girl has done us a favor.“ His teacher murmured impassively as his features settled back into that of the white-haired young man he‘d claimed.
A faint “good” was his only answer as his teacher spun on his heel and started walking north.
Scowling blackly, Kanryuu dusted himself off, tugged his under kimono closed and slowly followed in the creature’s footsteps. The sudden urge to give his so called teacher a taste of what he could do now that he was no longer chained flooded through his veins, but he fought it back. It would be suicide to attempt something like that against his kind.
Dragon gods were fickle at best, to go against his companion now would only lead to death and he was far too close to getting what he wanted to lose it all now.
Several years ago a deal had been struck and he fully intended to collect his payment as soon as Ryujin was released.
The wide track leading down the hillside was steeper and more rocky than Kaoru had originally anticipated and she cursed as her foot caught on a raised rock hidden in the knee high grass again, jarring her already battered body. Stumbling a couple of steps, she caught herself before she fell and groaned as her still upset stomach rolled dangerously. With an audible click, she clenched her teeth tight against the urge to vomit and took a couple slow even breaths in an effort to keep her minimal breakfast where it belonged. If this was what happened when someone teleported she would much rather walk to wherever she had to go, because as far as she was concerned this wasn't worth it. Not at all.
A moment later her attention was drawn away from her misery by the warm hand that settled on her shoulder.
"Are you sure you don't want me to carry you? The village is not all that far."
Ignoring the sudden increase in her heartbeat at Kenshin's touch, Kaoru swallowed thickly and gave him a sidelong glance. "You can't. You're only a couple of inches taller than me."
Kenshin scoffed softly at that then smiled as he dropped his hand from her shoulder and took another step towards her. "I have carried you before, Kaoru-dono, and I can do it again if you wish."
Kaoru’s breath caught in her throat as a jolt of unexplained warmth shot through her veins at the reminder. Flushing a deep red in embarrassment, she spluttered, "That was-... I didn't-... … Gah! I can make it down there on my own!" she finally managed as she stepped around him and started down the hill again.
A deep, frustrated sigh came from behind her and then she suddenly found her arm linked neatly through Kenshin's. Nestled tightly against his side. "At least let me help you like this so you won't get hurt again."
Kaoru’s heartbeat jumped at the contact and she immediately tried to pull away to keep him from somehow noticing the effect he was having on her. But much to her dismay Kenshin kept her locked firmly against his side, the hard look in his violet eyes daring her to attempt that again.
The gorgeous, relieved smile that lit up Kenshin’s face caught Kaoru completely off guard and she stumbled the first step as he started guiding her down the steep incline towards the handful of huts he had grown up near. With a smirk, Kenshin tossed her a smug see? look that made Kaoru growl at him halfheartedly.
Falling into step beside him, she gave her attention to carefully picking her way through the rock strewn, swaying grass and tried not to think too much about the soothing heat flowing through her clothing from their linked arms and brushing shoulders. It should have been easy considering the fact that she knew they were still in danger even if they had managed to evade Kanryuu for the time being. Despite the fact that she had somehow, unbelievably, managed to land them near Kenshin’s home village and its relative safety she was finding it very hard to keep her attention where it should be now because of that, that feeling of security. Its deceptiveness kept her from thinking about their predicament and instead turned her thoughts to the man beside her.
Stealing a glance at the redhead, she swallowed thickly and immediately swung her eyes back to the ground as the strange feeling she still refused to acknowledge tightened her chest again. This couldn’t be happening. She’d known the man for all of a week and a half, there was no way she could have fallen for him that fast. And yet, there was no other way to explain what she felt every time he touched her either. Even in her inexperience she knew that it was more than a crush because she‘d already had one of those when she‘d first met Hachiro three years ago. What she felt towards Kenshin was somehow… different from that time.
A large rock suddenly caught her toe and tripped her again, yanking Kaoru out of her thoughts. Instinctively reaching for Kenshin with her free hand she grimaced as tiny needles of pain shot up her leg. The next instance all thoughts of pain vanished though when she found herself once again held securely in Kenshin’s arms like she had been in the cave.
“Are you okay?” He asked once they had stopped moving.
Beyond embarrassed, Kaoru desperately tried to ignore the concerned look in his eyes and carefully wiggled herself free. “Yes, I just didn’t… see it in time.” she replied lamely when he let her go. Yes, this was definitely different than Hachiro!
Kaoru gave him an odd look. Her eyes? What about them?
And then it hit her. They were still blue! But… these people knew Kenshin, they wouldn’t say anything, would they?
“No, they wouldn’t, but we can’t take the chance.” Kenshin answered.
Kaoru jumped, wondering if she’d said that aloud but the question flew out of her head when Kenshin reached out lightning quick and tugged the dark blue ribbon that she always wore from her hair. Just as quickly he covered her eyes with it.
Suddenly plunged into darkness, Kaoru’s irrational fear of the dark made her heart jump into her throat and she tried to push away from him. Kenshin quickly knotted the ribbon behind her head and caught her hands against his chest before she succeeded.
Kaoru fisted her hands in his tunic and desperately tried to calm her thundering heart. He was right but he could have at least warned her what he was going to do.
Kenshin’s hand caught hers and he threaded her arm through his again. Kaoru immediately reached over and grabbed onto their joined arms with her free hand for more leverage. This was going to be… interesting.
“Just take a step each time I do and we’ll be fine.” Kenshin said as he began to move.
Stumbling the first time, Kaoru listened for each step and slowly figured out the rhythm of his movement until she was walking almost normally, if slowly, beside him. And then, quicker than she had expected, Kenshin leaned in to her ear and whispered, “We’re almost to the first rice field. Meguro-san has already spotted us and is calling the rest of the villagers.
Kaoru gave him a small nod and swallowed nervously. She wasn’t quite sure if she was ready for this or not. She had never really been good with meeting new people thanks to her seclusion and now she had to face them blind on top of it all. Her already sour stomach tightened and Kaoru bit her lip to try to calm herself down again as they came to stop.
Resisting the urge to take a step back, she gripped Kenshin’s arm tight enough to make her knuckles ache and was grateful when Kenshin gave her hand a reassuring squeeze as the sound of several more footsteps came hurrying their way.
“Seiji! Leave them alone!” A brusque female admonished before Kenshin had a chance to answer. And then Kaoru heard a gentle slap she was sure must have landed on the young man’s head. Beside her Kenshin chuckled and Kaoru smiled weakly, somewhat calmed by the familiar family antics.
Several other voices murmured their agreement but Kaoru barely heard them over the rapid beating of her heart. What was he saying! She hadn’t agreed to be anyone’s wife!
Kaoru grimaced and swallowed thickly to calm her roiling belly. It was bad enough they had to lie about her eyes, now they had lie about that too? But, deep down she knew if they were as he said, then he was probably right and the last thing she wanted was to be separated from him here. Stifling the part of her that still riled against the deceit she finally nodded slightly, to show she understood.
Kenshin‘s relief was palpable and Kaoru smirked. Good, it was nice to know she wasn’t the only one on edge.
“Excuse me sir, is your wife blind?” A young, girlish voice suddenly asked.
A gasp quickly followed by a scandalized “Fuyu-chan!” came but Kaoru could almost feel everyone perking up hoping for an answer to the child‘s question.
Kenshin didn’t miss a beat and with a soft squeeze to her hand he replied, “Yes, she had an accident that took her eyesight a couple of months ago.” Several inhaled breaths came in answer and Kaoru felt every single one like a fist in the gut. She hated lying almost as much as she did the dark, especially when they were deceiving people who seemed to know Kenshin so well.
Crumbling under the guilty feeling swimming through her chest she was just about to pull the ribbon from her eyes and tell them the truth when Kenshin locked her hand in his.
Kaoru’s skin crawled at being called wife again as several of the villagers grumbled their disappointment and then the sound of shuffling feet filled the warm afternoon air as the crowd dispersed.
A moment later gentle hands untied the ribbon and Kaoru squinted her eyes closed to keep from being blinded as the soft material fell from her face. Bright light immediately illuminated her closed lids and she gave them a quick rub out of habit before slowly blinking them open. Cautiously blinking as she took in where she had been led to. What she found though was not exactly what she had expected given what she’d seen of the rest of the village from the hill.
Instead of a hut surrounded by gardens and paddies, she found a small clearing completely enclosed by trees save for the small track that led back they way they had come. And directly across from where they stood, backed up against a wall of trees was what she would call a cottage, not a hut. The walls were solidly built with a thick, well kept thatch roof and a low, clean porch lining the front.
“You live here?“ She asked, glancing to the redhead beside her.
Kaoru murmured a barely audible ‘ah’ as she stepped up onto the porch. Kenshin slid the door back silently and led her into the murky interior then dropped her hand to grab a bucket from beside the door. “I’ll go get some water.” Then before she could so much as ask where, he was gone.
With a shrug, Kaoru turned her attention back to the interior. It was clean but sparsely furnished; the lone piece of furniture was a three legged stool that sat on the far side of the fire pit which dominated the center of the raised floor. The corner to her right held an assortment of sake bottles and two shelves holding an array of grey but sturdy dishes and cookware. The corner to her left though was what really caught her attention, there she found neatly folded futons and blankets that were looking far too inviting right at the moment.
It only took her a minute to give into temptation. Working her boots off, she padded over to the bedding in sock feet and sank down with a gratefully sigh to lean against the pile. Now that all the excitement was over she was starting to feel the effects of all that had happened in the past couple of hours. If this kept up she didn’t know how much longer she was going to be able to stand it. It had been days since she’d felt… normal. A wave of exhaustion suddenly swept over her and her eyes dropped closed of their own accord as she sagged heavily against the soft stack. This was more comfortable than she thought it would be.
And that’s how Kenshin found her ten minutes later when he returned with the freshly filled bucket. Smiling to himself he silently set the bucket beside the fire pit and padded softly over to the exhausted mage. He wasn’t surprised to find her sound asleep. According to Tomoe teleporting was taxing for a seasoned mage, he couldn’t imagine how tiring it must have been for Kaoru. He wouldn’t be surprised if she slept the rest of the day away.
A faint sigh sounded into the quiet hut and he winced as Kaoru curled even more into the odd angle she’d fallen asleep in. She was going to end up with all sorts of knotted muscles if she stayed like that. Eyeing the pile she was nestled against he reached over and gently eased the top blanket out from behind her then laid it out before removing his blade and settling down beside her. With careful hands he gently guided her down until she was curled against his leg with her head resting in his lap. A soft sigh came as she shifted to make herself comfortable and then the hut went silent again.
Kenshin smiled and absently started running his fingers through her hair as he rested his head back against the stack. He was now beginning to see what it was that had made Tomoe give up her life at the tender age of fifteen to care for and raise this young woman. Kaoru was… special. That was really the only way he could describe her. He had never met anyone, especially a mage, who was so normal and yet so… extraordinary. So far she’d managed to surprise him at every turn.
His smile softened as he glanced to her sleeping profile. But what surprised him the most right now was his reaction to her. It had been years since he’d felt anything towards anyone and he didn’t know what to think of the feelings this eighteen year old had managed to awaken in him in the last week and a half. Feelings he had thought long dead since he’d let Tomoe go all those years ago.
A hollow chuckle whispered past his lips as he continued to trail his fingers through her silky mane. Tomoe would probably kill him for even thinking of Kaoru the way he was now and to be honest he really couldn’t blame her. Eleven years was a pretty wide stretch between them. She had barely seen the world, and he had seen too much.
Another sigh slipped past his lips and he shook his head. He wasn’t sure what do about his growing feelings but one thing he did know is that if Takeda tried to take her away from him again, the black mage would sorely regret his mistake. He may not have gone up against a black mage before but for her he would find a way to kill Kanryuu if he had to.
A jaw cracking yawn broke him from his thoughts and for the first time he felt just how tired he was after this morning’s run-in. He could use a nap himself but even here he didn’t feel completely safe. However his body had other ideas and after a couple of more yawns he finally allowed himself to doze lightly while he waited for Kaoru to wake. It wasn’t long though before he unwittingly slipped into a heavier sleep, his hand stilling in Kaoru’s hair.
A couple of hours later the unmistakable clearing of someone’s throat jolted Kenshin awake with a start. Instinctively he grabbed for his katana as his eyes flew open, immediately focusing on the towering silhouette in the doorway.
Kenshin’s hand froze an inch from the well worn sheath as his panic turned into surprise and he tried not to frown at the teasing tone of the all too familiar voice.
“It isn’t what you think,” he replied quietly as the surge of adrenaline ebbed in his veins. Gently lifting Kaoru’s head from his lap so he could ease out from under her, he grabbed another blanket with his free hand and pooled it on the floor before carefully laying her back down. Smiling softly he gently removed a lock of hair from her face that had fallen during the shift. She hadn’t so much as twitched through the whole exchange, she really must be dead tired.
A faint snort came from his master as Kenshin rose and then the tall man stepped back out the door into the fading daylight, obviously expecting him to follow. With one last glance to Kaoru, he swallowed a weary sigh and padded softly from the hut; sliding the door closed behind him with a soft click.
His master gave him a disbelieving smirk that made Kenshin’s face redden even more but before he could say anything else in his defense Hiko suddenly grabbed his face and angled it towards the sky. There was a scowl on the older man’s face.
A small smile touched his master’s lips and then without a word he headed for the hut, silently slipping inside. Surprised, Kenshin was just about to follow him to find out what he was doing when he appeared again, exiting just as quietly as he’d entered, and walked back to where Kenshin was still seated.
And then before Kenshin could so much as say thank you, Hiko dropped it into his hand and headed for the path leading to the village. “I’ll go ask Aiko-san if she has a spare futon for our guest, unless of course you wish to share yours with her.” He tossed over his shoulder with a sly grin.
Kenshin’s face flamed bright red again, sending the aged swordsman into a bout of hearty laughter as he disappeared around the bend in the trail. Kenshin scowled and glared down the now empty pathway. Of all the places Kaoru could magic him to, why did it have to be here.
At the thought, his scowl faded somewhat and he rose and headed for the hut. To be honest, that was the biggest mystery of all. How had Kaoru managed to get them here to begin with when she hadn’t even meant to teleport in the first place? Even he knew it was impossible for a mage to jump blind but somehow that was exactly what Kaoru had done. How she had chosen this place, even if randomly, was an even bigger mystery that had Kenshin thoroughly perplexed. It was too odd to be coincidental. The only explanation he could figure was she had somehow picked it out of his mind. But that was impossible, even the Ancients couldn’t read minds. With a tired sigh he shook his head, it would probably be best to leave that question alone until he could speak with Tomoe, if anyone would know it would be her.
Stepping up onto the porch he stopped just outside of the door and turned to face the empty yard as he tightened his fist around the pendant. Easily calling up an image of Tomoe, he smiled as a soothing warmth suddenly filled his occupied hand. The magic immediately sensing and reacting to his wish. A moment later the warmth vanished and he tucked the spent pendant into his sleeve then proceeded into the darkened hut. There, if that worked Tomoe would at least know he and Kaoru were safe… for now at least.
Several miles away, in the place where Kaoru and Kenshin had met Kanryuu, Tomoe, Akira, Shougo and Hachiro were searching for some clue as to what had happened to the mage and her guardian when Tomoe suddenly felt a tug on her subconscious as if someone was calling out to her.
Curious, she closed her eyes and focused on the feeling and was surprised when an image of Kenshin, standing on a porch in the mountain village he grew up in, slowly materialized in her mind. A joyous, relieved smile spread across her face when she realized what was happening. In the next instant the image faded leaving her feeling more at ease than she had since Kaoru had left for Kiyosu.
“They’re in Jouden with Hiko-san.” She said as she turned to her husband who was eyeing a patch of bloody ground a couple of feet away.
Surprised by the Sanada’s tone, Tomoe tried to ignore the faint twinge of fear it caused and quickly made her way to where he was standing, staring at the ground beside a fallen tree. Reaching the mage’s side she eyed the ground at his feet wondering what it was that had caught his attention and frowned when she found nothing. She was just about to ask the Sanada what the problem was when a gentle breeze swayed the leaves above her head, allowing a thin shaft of sunlight to break through the canopy and illuminate the glittering diamonds dotting the forest floor.
A faint snapping of twigs came from the direction Shougo had taken signaling his return but she ignored him as she slowly crouched down to carefully lift a pebble sized piece of the shimmering crystal. An icy chill swept through her body and she nearly choked when she saw the dried blood dotting the smooth surface.
“Is that what I think it is?” Hachiro asked as he crouched down beside her.
Suddenly sick, Tomoe could only nod. There was no doubt about it; she could still feel a faint imprint of the magic it had once housed.
He had done it. Takeda had released his power.
And he was still one step ahead of them where Kaoru was concerned.
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2019-04-23T05:02:16Z
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https://www.inkitt.com/stories/fanfiction/33305/chapters/11
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This Bendable Monkey is made with a pipe cleaners and a printable monkey body to color! A super fun monkey craft for preschoolers on up!
Pack everything you need for a Safari in this Safari Backpack! This craft is great scissor practice for preschoolers, or a great vocabulary builder for older children!
This Moon Landing craft is a quick and easy to make! You can choose to print the flag and Astronaut in color, or in black and white to color yourself! A fun a creative American space craft for kids!
We've got lots of easy and fun Dinosaur Crafts for Kids that are made from everyday items. These are perfect crafts for preschoolers and kindergartners on up!
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This Big Hug Card is an adorable hand print card craft that is so easy to make with our printable templates. You can personalize your own card for that special someone!
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This Homemade Sidewalk Paint is so easy to make and is eco-friendly too! You can make it in different colors and it wipes right off!
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In this Caterpillar Turned Butterfly craft kids can unfold their caterpillar to see a beautiful butterfly. This is a great craft for learning about butterflies, or use it as a fun spring craft!
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We call these Fish Baggies because they are just that - fish made from zip-lock baggies! If you can scrunch paper you can make this craft, a perfect ocean animal craft for toddlers and preschoolers!
Our Earth Day Crafts are fun and easy activities to help kids celebrate this important day! We've got lots of great "green" and "recycled" ideas suitable for preschoolers on up!
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This pretend Japan Boarding Pass is a fun souvenir from an imaginary trip to Japan. There's spaces to write in your own name, city, destination and boarding time- great writing practice!
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Continue reading "Funny Bunny Hat"
Kids love miniatures, so why not make some Mini Bunnies! This is a great rabbit craft and a fun Easter Bunny Craft for Easter!
If you're looking for Space Activities for Kids then look no further! We've got lots of fun kids crafts and tons of free printables like coloring pages, mazes, word searches, games and so much more!
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Help children learn and celebrate the worlds finest sports competition with one of these easy Olympic Games Crafts! Great for preschoolers on up!
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Help children learn and celebrate the Olympic Games by making their very own Olympic Flag! This can be made in different variations for different ages!
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2019-04-19T08:44:14Z
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http://www.busybeekidscrafts.com/kids-crafts-blog.html
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See 67 S.Ct. 26. [328 U.S. 640, 641] Mr. John S. Tucker, Jr., of Birmingham, Ala., for petitioners.
Walter and Daniel Pinkerton are brothers who live a short distance from each other on Daniel's farm. They were indicted for violations of the Internal Revenue Code. The indictment contained ten substantive counts and one conspiracy count. The jury found Walter guilty on nine of the substantive counts and on the conspiracy count. It found Daniel guilty on six of the substantive counts and on the conspiracy count. Walter was fined $500 and sentenced generally on the substantive counts to imprisonment for thirty months. On the conspiracy count he was given a two year sentence to run concurrently with the other sentence. Daniel was fined $1,000 and sentenced generally on the substantive counts to imprisonment for thirty months. On the conspiracy count he was fined $500 and given a two year sentence to run concurrently with the other sentence. The judgments of conviction were affirmed by the Circuit Court of Appeals. 1 151 F.2d [328 U.S. 640, 642] 499. The case is here on a petition for a writ of certiorari which we granted, 66 S.Ct. 702, because one of the questions presented involved a conflict between the decision below and United States v. Sall, 116 F.2d 745, decided by the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
A single conspiracy was charged and proved. Some of the overt acts charged in the conspiracy count were the same acts charged in the substantive counts. Each of the substantive offenses found was committed pursuant to the conspiracy. Petitioners therefore contend that the substantive counts became merged in the conspiracy count, and that only a single sentence not exceeding the maximum two-year penalty provided by the conspiracy statute (Criminal Code 37, 18 U.S.C. 88, 18 U.S.C.A. 88) could be imposed. Or to state the matter differently, they contend that each of the substantive counts became a separate conspiracy count but since only a single conpsiracy was charged and proved, only single sentence for conspiracy could be imposed. They rely on Braverman v. United States, 317 U.S. 49 , 63 S.Ct. 99.
In the Braverman case the indictment charged no substantive offense. Each of the several counts charged a conspiracy to violate a different statute. But only one [328 U.S. 640, 643] conspiracy was proved. We held that a single conspiracy, charged under the general conspiracy statute, however diverse its objects may be, violates but a single statute and no penalty greater than the maximum provided for one conspiracy may be imposed. That case is not apposite here. For the offenses charged and proved were not only a conspiracy but substantive offenses as well.
And see Sneed v. United States, 5 Cir., 298 F. 911, 912, 913; Banghart v. United States, 4 Cir., 148 F.2d 521.
Moreover, it is not material that overt acts charged in the conspiracy counts were also charged and proved as substantive offenses. As stated in Sneed v. United States, supra, 298 F. at page 913, 'If the overt act be the offense which was the object of the conspiracy, and is also punished, there is not a double punishment of it.' The agreement to do an unlawful act is even then distinct from the doing of the act. 4 [328 U.S. 640, 645] It is contended that there was insufficient evidence to implicate Daniel in the conspiracy. But we think there was enough evidence for submission of the issue to the jury.
There is, however, no evidence to show that Daniel participated directly in the commission of the substantive offenses on which his conviction has been sustained,5 although there was evidence to show that these substantive offenses were in fact committed by Walter in furtherance of the unlawful agreement or conspiracy existing between the brothers. The question was submitted to the jury on the theory that each petitioner could be found guilty of the substantive offenses, if it was found at the time those offenses were committed petitioners were parties to an unlawful conspiracy and the substantive offenses charged were in fact committed in furtherance of it. 6 [328 U.S. 640, 646] Daniel relies on United States v. Sall, supra. That case held that participation in the conspiracy was not itself enough to sustain a conviction for the substantive offense even though it was committed in furtherance of the conspiracy. The court held that, in addition to evidence that the offense was in fact committed in furtherance of the conspiracy, evidence of direct participation in the commission of the substantive offense or other evidence from which participation might fairly be inferred was necessary.
We take a different view. We have here a continuous conspiracy. There is here no evidence of the affirmative action on the part of Daniel which is necessary to establish his withdrawal from it. Hyde v. United States, 225 U.S. 347, 369 , 32 S.Ct. 793, 803, Ann.Cas.1914A, 614. As stated in that case, 'having joined in an unlawful scheme, having constituted agents for its performance, scheme and agency to be continuous until full fruition be secured, until he does some act to disavow or defeat the purpose he is in no situation to claim the delay of the law. As the offense has not been terminated or accomplished, he is still offending. And we think, consciously offending,-offending as certainly, as we have said, as at the first moment of his confederation, and consciously through every moment of its existence.' Id., 225 U.S. at page 369, 32 S.Ct. at page 803. And so long as the partnership in crime continues, the partners act for each other in carrying it forward. It is settled that 'an overt act of one partner may be the act of all without [328 U.S. 640, 647] any new agreement specifically directed to that act.' United States v. Kissel, 218 U.S. 601, 608 , 31 S.Ct. 124, 126. Motive or intent may be proved by the acts or declarations of some of the conspirators in furtherance of the common objective. Wiborg v. United States, 163 U.S. 632, 657 , 658 S., 16 S.Ct. 1127, 1137, 1197. A scheme to use the mails to defraud, which is joined in by more than one person, is a conspiracy. Cochran v. United States, 8 Cir., 41 F.2d 193, 199, 200. Yet all members are responsible, though only one did the mailing. Cochran v. United States, supra; Mackett v. United States, 7 Cir., 90 F.2d 462, 464; Baker v. United States, 8 Cir., 115 F.2d 533, 540; Blue v. United States, 6 Cir., 138 F.2d 351, 359. The governing principle is the same when the substantive offense is committed by one of the conspirators in furtherance of the unlawful project. Johnson v. United States, 9 Cir., 62 F.2d 32, 34. The criminal intent to do the act is established by the formation of the conspiracy. Each conspirator instigated the commission of the crime. The unlawful agreement contemplated precisely what was done. It was formed for the purpose. The act done was in execution of the enterprise. The rule which holds responsible one who counsels, procures, or commands another to commit a crime is founded on the same principle. That principle is recognized in the law of conspiracy when the overt act of one partner in crime is attributable to all. An overt act is an essential ingredient of the crime of conspiracy under 37 of the Criminal Code, 18 U.S.C. 88, 18 U.S.C.A. 88. If that can be supplied by the act of one conspirator, we fail to see why the same or other acts in furtherance of the conspiracy are likewise not attributable to the others for the purpose of holding them responsible for the substantive offense.
A different case would arise if the substantive offense committed by one of the conspirators was not in fact done in furtherance of the conspiracy, did not fall within the [328 U.S. 640, 648] scope of the unlawful project, or was merely a pat of the ramifications of the plan which could not be reasonably foreseen as a necessary or natural consequence of the unlawful agreement. But as we read this record, that is not this case.
The judgment concerning Daniel Pinkerton should be reversed. In my opinion it is without precedent here and is a dangerous precedent to establish.
Daniel and Walter, who were brothers living near each other, were charged in several counts with substantive offenses, and then a conspiracy count was added naming those offenses as overt acts. The proof showed that Walter alone committed the substantive crimes. There was none to establish that Daniel participated in them, aided and abetted Walter in committing them, or knew that he had done so. Daniel in fact was in the penitentiary, under sentence for other crimes, when some of Walter's crimes were done.
There was evidence, however, to show that over several years Daniel and Walter had confederated to commit similar crimes concerned with unlawful possession, transportation, and dealing in whiskey, in fraud of the federal revenues. On this evidence both were convicted of conspiracy. Walter also was convicted on the substantive counts on the proof of his committing the crimes charged. Then, on that evidence without more than the proof of Daniel's criminal agreement with Walter and the latter's overt acts, which were also the substantive offenses charged, the court told the jury they could find Daniel guilty of those substantive offenses. They did so. [328 U.S. 640, 649] I think this ruling violates both the letter and the spirit of what Congress did when it separately defined the three classes of crime, namely , (1) completed substantive offenses;1 (2) aiding, abetting or counseling another to commit them;2 and (3) conspiracy to commit them. 3 Not only does this ignore the distinctions Congress has prescribed shall be observed. It either convicts one man for another's crime or punishes the man convicted twice for the same offense.
The three types of offense are not identical. Bollehbach v. United States, 326 U.S. 607, 611 , 66 S.Ct. 402, 404; United States v. Sall, 3 Cir ., 116 F.2d 745. Nor are their differences merely verbal. Ibid. The gist of conspiracy is the agreement; that of aiding, abetting or counseling is in consciously advising or assisting another to commit particular offenses, and thus becoming a party to them; that of substantice crime, going a step beyond mere aiding, abetting, counseling to completion of the offense.
These general differences are well understood. But when conspiracy has ripened into completed crime, or has advanced to the stage of aiding and abetting, it becomes easy to disregard their differences and loosely to treat one as identical with the other, that is, for every purpose except the most vital one of imposing sentence. And [328 U.S. 640, 650] thus the substance, if not the technical effect, of double jeopardy or multiple punishment may be accomplished. Thus also may one be convicted of an offense not charged or proved against him, on evidence showing he o mmitted another.
The old doctrine of merger of conspiracy in the substantive crime has not obtained here. But the dangers for abuse, which in part it sought to avoid, in applying the law of conspiracy have not altogether disappeared. Cf. Kotteakos v. United States, 66 S.Ct. 1239. There is some evidence that they may be increasing. The looseness with which the charge may be proved, the almost unlimited scope of vicarious responsibility for others' acts which follows once agreement is shown, the psychological advantages of such trials for securing convictions by attributing to one proof against another, these and other inducements require that the broad limits of discretion allowed to prosecuting officers in relation to such charges and trials be not expanded into new, wider and more dubious areas of choice. If the matter is not generally of constitutional proportions, it is one for the exercise of this Court's supervisory power over the modes of conducting federal criminal prosecutions within the rule of McNabb v. United States, 318 U.S. 332 , 63 S.Ct. 608.
I think that power should be exercised in this case with respect to Daniel's conviction. If it does not violate the letter of constitutional right, it fractures the spirit. United States v. Sall, supra. I think the ruling in that case was right, and for the reasons stated. 4 It should be [328 U.S. 640, 651] followed here. Daniel has been held guilty of the substantive crimes committed only by Walter on proof that he did no more than conspire with him to commit offenses of the same general character. There was no evidence that he counseled, advised or had knowledge of those particular acts or offenses. There was, therefore, none that he aided, abetted or took part in them. There was only evidence sufficient to show that he had agreed with Walter at some past time to engage in such transactions generally. As to Daniel this was only evidence of conspiracy, not of substantive crime.
The court's theory seems to be that Daniel and Walter became general partners in crime by virtue of their agreement and because of that agreement without more on his part Daniel became criminally responsible as a principal for everything Walter did thereafter in the nature of a criminal offense of the general sort the agreement contemplated, so long as there was not clear evidence that Daniel had withdrawn from or revoked the agreement. Whether or not his commitment to the penitentiary had that effect, the result is a vicarious criminal responsibility as broad as, or broader than, the vicarious civil liability of a partner for acts done by a co-partner in the course of the firm's business.
Such analogies from private commercial law and the law of torts are dangerous, in my judgment, for transfer to the criminal field. See Sen.Rep. No.163, 72d Cong., 1st Sess., 20. Guilt there with us remains personal, not vicarious, for the more serious offenses. It should be kept so. The effect of Daniel's conviction in this case, to [328 U.S. 640, 652] repeat, is either to attribute to him Walter's guilt or to punish him twice for the same offense, namely, agreeing with Walter to engage in crime. Without the agreement Daniel was guilty of no crime on this record. With it and no more, so far as his own conduct is concerned,h e was guilty of two.
In another aspect of the case, this effect is thrown into even clearer light. The indictment here was filed after a prior one for conspiracy alone had been dismissed. This in turn came after petitioners had been convicted and had been successful in securing reversal on appeal for errors in the charge. Pinkerton v. United States, 5 Cir., 145 F.2d 252. Following this reversal they were reindicted and tried in the present case. The Government now says, as to the plea of double jeopardy on this account ( which the trial court overruled on demurrer), that the two indictments were for different conspiracies since the first one charged a different period of time as covered by the conspiracy; charged 16 as compared with 19 overt acts in the second; and an additional object was added in the latter, that is, intent to violate another section of the revenue act. In other words, there were two different conspiracies by virtue of these minute differences in the detail of the allegations. Hence, there was no double jeopardy by the second indictment.
But later, in support of the conviction here, relative to the bearing of the various statutes of limitations upon proof of the acts, charged also as substantive offenses, the Government points out that the earlier indictment was framed on the assumption that a three-year statute of limitations applied to the conspiracy as first charged; and the convictions were reversed for failure of the trial court to instruct the jury on that basis. Then the District Attorney discovered the decision in Braverman v. United States, 317 U.S. 49, 54 , 55 S., 63 S.Ct. 99, 102, and decided to revamp the [328 U.S. 640, 653] indictment to include details making the six-year period applicable. He did so, and added the substantive counts because, so it is said, in the view that a six-year period applied he felt there were enough substantive offenses within that time which he could successfully prove to justify including them.
It would seem, from this history, that to sustain this conviction as against the plea of former jeopardy by virtue of the earlier indictment and what followed, the Government stands, and must stand, upon the idea that two separate and distinct conspiracies were charged, one by the first and one by the later indictment. See United States v. Oppenheimer, 242 U.S. 85, 87 , 88 S., 37 S.Ct. 68, 69, 3 L.R.A. 516. But to sustain Daniel's conviction for the substantive offenses, via the conspiracy route, there was only a single continuing conspiracy extending over the longer period, in the course of which Walter committed crimes, which were also overt acts, some of them running back of the period charged in the former indictment, others being the same but later acts which it had charged as overt acts against both.
For these now Daniel is held responsible, not merely as a conspirator, as the prior indictment charged, but as both a conspirator and a substantive offender.
What this lacks by way of being put twice in jeopardy for the same offense, I am unable to understand. For not only has Daniel been convicted for conspiracy for the same overt acts, and illegal ends, as the first indictment charged. He has had those acts converted into substantive offenses. I do not think the prosecutor's technical, and it would seem insubstantial, variations in the details of the indictment should be permitted to achieve so much. 5 [328 U.S. 640, 654] This, of course, should not relieve Walter of the conviction for the substantive offenses. But his sentence for conspiracy should be annulled. So also should Daniel's sentence on all counts.
Mr. JusticeF RANKFURTER, reserving judgment on the question of double jeopardy, agrees in substance with the views expressed in this dissent.
The same rule obtains in the case of concurrent sentences. Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81, 85 , 63 S.Ct. 1375, 1378, and cases cited.
[ Footnote 2 ] See May's Law of Crimes (4th ed. 1938) 126; 17 Corn.L.Q. (1931) 136; People v. Tavormina, 257 N.Y. 84, 89, 90, 177 N.E. 317, 318, 75 A.L.R. 1405.
[ Footnote 3 ] The cases are collected in 37 A.L.R. 778, 75 A.L.R. 1411.
'We note the prevalent use of conspiracy indictments for converting a joint misdemeanor into a felony; and we express our conviction that both for this purpose and for the purpose-or at least with the effect-of bringing in much improper evidence, the conspiracy statute is being much abused.
'Although in a particular case there may be no preconcert of plan, excepting that necessarily inherent in mere joint action, it is difficult to exclude that situation from the established definitions of conspiracy; yet the theory which permits us to call the aborted plan a greater offense than the completed crime supposes a serious and substantially continued group scheme for cooperative law breaking. We observe so many conspiracy prosecutions which do not have this substantial base that we fear the creation of a general impression, very harmful to law enforcement, that this method of prosecution is used arbitrarily and harshly. Further the rules of evidence in conspiracy cases make them most difficult to try without prejudice to an innocent defendant.' Annual Report of the Attorney General for 1925, pp. 5-6.
But we do not find that practice reflected in this present case.
[ Footnote 5 ] This question does not arise as to Walter. He was the direct actor in some of the substantive offenses on which his conviction rests. So the general sentence and fine are supportable under any one of those. See note 1, supra.
[ Footnote 6 ] The trial court charged: '... after you gentlemen have considered all the evidence in this case, if you are satisfied from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that at the time these particular substantive offenses were committed, that is, the offenses charged in the first ten counts of this indictment if you are satisfied from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the two defendants were in an unlawful conspiracy, as I have heretofore defined unlawful conspiracy to you, then you would have a right, if you found that to be true to your satisfaction beyond a reasonable doubt, to convict each of these defendants on all these substantive counts, provided the acts referred to in the substantive counts were acts in furtherance therance of the unlawful conspiracy or object of the unlawful conspiracy, which you have found from the evidence existed'. Daniel was not indicted as an aider or abettor (see Criminal Code, 332, 18 U.S.C. 550, 18 U.S.C.A. 550), nor was his case submitted to the jury on that theory.
[ Footnote 1 ] These of course commrehend the vast variety of offenses prescribed by federal law, conspiracies for accomplishing which may be charged under the catchall conspiracy statute, note 3.
[ Footnote 2 ] 'Whoever directly commits any act constituting an offense defined in any law of the United States, or aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces, or procures its commission, is a principal.' 18 U.S.C. 550, 18 U.S.C.A. 550.
[ Footnote 3 ] 'If two or more persons conspire either to commit any offense against the United States, or to defraud the United States in any manner or for any purpose, and one or more of such parties do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.' 18 U.S.C. 88, 18 U.S.C.A. 88.
[ Footnote 4 ] In the substantially identical situation presented in the Sall case as to the indictment and the proof, the Government argued that the conviction on the substantive counts should stand because the proof that the accused had entered the conspiracy amounted to proof that he had 'aided and abetted' the commission of the substantive crimes within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. 550, 18 U.S.C.A. 550. The court rejected the idea, apparently now accepted here, that 'aiding and abetting' and 'conspiring' are, and are intended by Congress to be the same thing, differing only in the form of the descriptive words. But if that is the only difference, then conviction for both 'offenses' on account of the same act is clearly double punishment.
[ Footnote 5 ] The situation is essentially the same as when crimes are defined with such minute distinction as to make them different only in the most technical sense. See District of Columbia v. Buckley, 75 U.S.App.D.C. 301, 128 F.2d 17, concurring opinion at page 21; cf. Ex parte Nielsen, 131 U.S. 176 , 9 S.Ct. 672; Ex parte Snow, 120 U.S. 274 , 7 S.Ct. 556.
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2019-04-23T22:32:43Z
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https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/328/640.html
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Selma grew into a beautiful young woman. She traveled to far away cities to perform for large audiences. She traveled with a young married couple from her city who were renowned dance performers. Her parents were eternally grateful for this couple; because of other responsibilities they were not able to always travel with Selma. The couple gave her company and protection.
When she was about 16 years old, she and the dance couple performed for the first time at a theater several miles from her home. After the performance, a man and woman came up to Selma and congratulated her on her beautiful voice. The woman looked very familiar to Selma. In fact, she appeared as an older version of Selma. Selma and the woman immediately recognized the similarities. The man that was with the woman was shocked at how much they looked alike. The woman asked Selma where she was from, how old she was, and about her parents. Selma told her. The woman started to cry, sobbing. Selma inquired as to what was wrong. The woman informed Selma that she was her mother, that she gave birth to Selma. Now, Selma was in shock and in tears. The woman introduced herself as Elva and her husband as Jacob.
Selma was ecstatic! She desired to learn as much as she could from her birth mother. Elva invited Selma and her traveling companions to her home the next day. Selma could hardly sleep that night in anticipation of learning about the woman who gave birth to her.
After the sun rose, Selma and her companions quickly walked to Elva’s home. Elva and Jacob greeted them with hugs then a morning meal. While eating, Elva disclosed her story. She told Selma how she had been forced by one of the king’s guards. The guard threatened her and her family if she told anyone. Elva was young, only 15 years old at the time and felt so fearful that she did not know what to do or who to turn to. After realizing she was with child, she thought her only choice would be to leave the city so no one, including her parents, would know she was with child and then want to know how it happened. Her parents searched and searched for her, but could never find her. Elva, from a distance, saw her parents as they looked for her, but remained concealed.
After about four or five moons, the guard who forced Elva went to her parents’ home trying to locate her. Elva’s parents had no idea where Elva went. Unfortunately, the guard did not believe them. He mercilessly beat Elva’s father, but there was nothing they could tell him, except that she was gone. He threatened them that if Elva was not at their home in one week’s time, he would destroy them. He also warned them that if they told anyone that he was there, he would defile Elva’s mother then kill her. Elva’s parents quickly and quietly left the city that day without telling anyone, not even their closest friends.
From afar, Elva watched her parents, looking downtrodden, as they hurriedly left the city. Elva bawled. She knew she was to blame. She desperately wanted to go to her parents, but knew that would put all of their lives in danger.
Elva recounted to Selma how she lived in a cave, hunting animals and picking herbs and vegetables to survive. Sometimes, she would cautiously sneak into the city at night looking for leftover scraps of food. A couple times, when she felt extremely hungry, she stole food from people, but she did not take much. She hated doing that, but only took food when she felt desperate.
Elva knew that she would not be able to keep her baby. Even though she grew to deeply love her baby and loved feeling the baby move around inside of her, she believed that she would not be able to protect the baby from the king’s guard. She knew of a family whose mother was still nursing a young boy. She decided that would be the best family for her baby.
When the time was close for the baby to be born, Elva gathered up all that she would need for the birth. She found a warm, soft cloth that she could wrap her baby in and found a basket that was just the right size for a small infant.
Shortly after Elva gave birth, she lovingly wrapped her beautiful baby girl in the cloth she found, gently placed her in the basket, and under the cover of night, she carried the basket to the home. She gave her baby one last kiss and then with tears streaming down her cheeks, she departed the city determined to find her parents.
Everyone was in tears as Elva told her story. Selma went to her, hugged her tightly, and wept. In that moment, they connected as mother and daughter.
Selma desperately desired for Elva and Jacob to come home with her to meet the parents who raised her. Elva expressed hesitancy because of the fear she had for the guard. Selma’s traveling companions learned the name of the guard and told Elva that they would inquire about him then let her know when it would be safe to travel.
There was a knock at Elva’s door. Jacob and Elva knew exactly who was there. Jacob excitedly arose to open the door. Standing at the door were Elva’s parents, Bain and Pamuy. They rushed in, each hugging Elva, then Elva introduced them to Selma and her companions. Pamuy put a hand on each of Selma’s cheeks, looked closely at her, then tears began falling down her cheeks. She told Selma that she looked just like her mother at the same age. They hugged. They wept. Even Bain, a strong muscular man, had tears falling down his cheeks.
They spent hours getting to know each other until the time came when Selma and her companions had to depart. Selma sang a beautiful traditional song for her new family, when Elva joined her in perfect harmony. They sang another traditional song, crying while singing.
Selma and her traveling companions had four more cities that they needed to perform in before heading back to their homes. Selma found a courier, wrote a short letter to her parents telling them her experience of the day, paid the courier, and sent him on his way.
Once Selma returned home, her parents and siblings excitedly greeted her. They were all curious to learn about her birth mother. Selma rehearsed the story about her conception and birth. She recalled the name of the guard who forced himself upon Elva. Joseph remembered one of the guards visiting them after Selma was dropped off. He was very curious and agitated about Selma and demanded to know who dropped her off. Of course, Joseph and Nadie and no idea. They felt threatened by the guard, not knowing why he showed so much interest. Joseph, knowing a couple of the king’s servants, mentioned this guard to them and asked that he leave them alone. The guard never bothered them again. They wondered if that was the guard who forced himself on Elva.
Joseph did some inquiring and discovered that guard had been killed in a skirmish several years earlier, so was no longer a threat. Selma found some writing utensils to write a note to Elva informing her of the news. She found a courier, he put the note in the leather pouched tied to the saddle on his chestnut horse, and took off to deliver the message to Elva.
About two weeks later, Nadie and Selma were at the market shopping for various meats, vegetables, and fruit. Joseph came running to the market looking for Nadie and Selma. Once he finally found them, he excitedly told them that Selma’s birth mother was at their home! Nadie and Selma quickly finished their purchases and ran back to their home as quick as they could. There was a joyous reunion as Selma was once again reunited with her birth mother. Elva was ecstatic to become acquainted with Nadie and Joseph. She thanked them over and over again for raising Selma to become the beautiful young woman that she was.
Elva and Jacob, along with Elva’s parents, decided to move back to the city where Elva came from. Elva wanted to be close to Selma and also occasionally travel with her. The two families became very close, in fact, becoming like one family. Nadie and Joseph took in Elva as if she were a close sister. Jacob was also accepted like a brother. Bain and Pamuy were immediately accepted back into the community. They had family and friends who were very grateful and excited to have them back.
Selma continue to travel to other communities to perform. During one of her trips she met her future husband. After marrying and starting a family, she chose to limit her performances and her travel. She gave voices lessons to many aspiring singers and raised a beautiful family.
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2019-04-20T14:40:07Z
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https://jareditestories.com/2018/04/13/selma-part-2/
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That makes a lot of sense. As for me, my girlfriend and I have a vague plan of maybe 3 more years before we marry. She has an extra semester to do after I graduate, and I might end up doing a masters as well, so we aren't rushing anything.
Also, I'm glad to hear about your knives! That's exactly why I like giving them. People should be able to use them for many years, and I feel like that is the point of a wedding gift. 24 years from now they won't remember me having paid the equivalent of a meal on their honeymoon, but they could still be using the knives which cost the same amount.
Call me the grinch, but they'll probably just return the knives and get the cash anyway. Most couples are living together and so already have what they need for the home. I don't mind giving cash for weddings. The honeymoon sounds absurd, and Disney is not my thing, but if I knew them and liked them, I'd give them what they ask for.
I married in undergrad and we did grad school married as well, and it was wonderful. Admittedly, we started college late, and we both had full time jobs and no debt the whole time, so maybe a little different than these folks. We were given a large gift to help pay for our wedding, but we didn't need it.
I do make more than my husband, and always have, but it's never been an issue (or much of a topic of discussion), so I can't really comment on that aspect.
I bake almost all of our bread from scratch, so having a good knife makes a ton of difference. I think this is the one: [link=https://www.amazon.com/Tojiro-Bread-Slicer-270mm-F-687/dp/B004LVIO3O/ref=sr_1_4/134-9285627-2794216?ie=UTF8&qid=1533827937&sr=8-4&keywords=tojiro+bread+knife]click[/url]. Goes through like butter. Especially after my old crummy knife, sawing through and ruining the crust.
I see what you're saying, but in this particular case, I know that they were both living in the dorms last year, and the guy has been renting as one of my housemates this summer, so they don't really have much in terms of household supplies for when they move in together later this month (they are both from halfway across the country as well, so it is unlikely they will be flying back here with a lot of stuff). Also, I know the guy likes cooking (I don't know his fiance very well). I just have a hard time convincing myself to give money when I know all of it will just go toward Disney World...maybe I shouldn't have asked him about that!
I totally like the way the trend is going to give money instead of *things*... but that's just me.
I don't know about any debt she might be paying off, but she makes in the 50k range (our salaries are public info) and I see her going on a lot of vacations/ to concerts..etc. Goes out for lunch everyday too. Hopefully, she takes some of what I said to heart and it helps her.
CW1 just bought a fancy new car. Probably a slightly above average cost one.
I've spoken to CW1 in the past and they readily admit they should know more and be better about spending, but just can't do it. They are smart technically but intentionally bury their heads in the sand regarding money. I've tried to to convey some basic suggestions, but its 'too hard'. Its frustrating. These willfully ignorant types tick me off down the road when their hands outstretch for help.
CW2 brought up CW1 and talked excitedly about the new car. I told CW2 it would have been nice if CW1 could have at least found a nice few years old car.
CW2 explained...well you HAVE to buy a first NEW car sometime.
Someone else here just rolled in with a new 'track' version corvette or something. Its amazing how much money is sitting in our parking lot.
A lot of very smart, remarkably idiotic people here. More than a few even recognize their poor habits yet keep on keeping on.
The weirdness in pay is partly from DH earning ZERO, for more than year, and living off the wife's (low, because first "career" role) income.
I found that a differential in income, even if fairly large, matters less as people age, and if they have been earning their respective incomes for a while before getting together, because a low income is still self supporting / validating. That's different from a student virtual "ZERO" income for an extended period of time.
Sir Tom -- I agree that pooled money gifts are not great. There is zero memory of the people attached to the gift. It just avoids bad gifts, is all. I do give cash at weddings, but usually for people that I don't know very well personally, or well enough to buy a gift for, or logistically I don't see them normally, and can't physically get an actual gift to them, so money at the reception is a lot easier for everyone.
We've been in this situation a few times; both with my husband not working and me not working. It's never been weird at all. Our marriage has always been a partnership with pooled resources- who makes the money is of zero consideration. There has always been a reason for no income (student, recently laid off, medical, haven't found a new job after a move, etc) - neither of us ever didn't work out of laziness.
Get over it, they'll be returning the knives for cash. Giving them knives is just an inconvenience, you accomplish nothing but annoyance for the sake of feeling smug.
The entire point of the registry is to avoid the gaffe you are committing. Now they have to feign a smile and do an awkward thank you for something they didn't desire at this point; don't be a jerk and tell them how they'll appreciate it in the future either. Have you ever received a gift you didn't want? Like wool socks when you're five, five year olds don't want socks, they want toys and games (I want wool socks, but I'm old). I give my five year old socks because thats how kids learn to feign smiles so they can avoid creating scenes in the future when unwitting gift givers think the world should conform to their values and not to the recipient. Don't worry, she still gets toys (I'm not a real ginch).
Its still an idea I dislike (an overly expensive honeymoon, ugh), but don't compound the errors. We can teach people to become mustachian, don't force it on them.
When giving a present, it's not about what you value/want. It's what the giftee values/wants.
...Its still an idea I dislike (an overly expensive honeymoon, ugh), but don't compound the errors. We can teach people to become mustachian, don't force it on them.
One thing I don't get at all are big weddings with honeymoons and big gifts and a wedding registry etc. Although I've personally never been to a wedding like that, in our social circle people tend to have really low-key weddings. I only hear other people's horror stories. Half of people get divorced anyway, and sometimes I think that there might be a correlation between big expensive weddings and divorce statistics.
Nice fellow at work leaves the parking garage behind me and notices that I have a different car than he remembers. I notice he also has something different in my rear view mirror but think nothing of it, whatever. Nice fellow wants to tell me about his new car though so he uses the chance encounter to ask about my car and I reciprocate with the question about his.
My car: 2015 Honda CR-V bought in January 2018 at the Alfa Romeo dealership. They had it as a trade-in sitting on their lot since September 2017 with only 15K miles and I snapped it up for cash at a great price, and it has all the premo stuff. I got rid of the car I had been driving for 9 years up to this point which had also been bought as a 5YO used car (it was a 2004 model I bought for cash in 2009).
His car: 2018 Alfa Romeo Stelvio, coincidenally bought at the same dealership this month. He ordered it special and it has all the premo stuff. Payments. He is 60 and will be working a while longer since he is aiming for the company pension and SS as he knows you are expected to do, no thought of any other plan.
He seems very content and is pleased as punch about his car, just absolutely loves it. I see the same car and it makes my skin crawl, I just couldn't do that with my money, but I nodded with enthusiasm and didn't question the choice at all. Not my business. The guy talks about wanting to retire now and again but is not a big complainer so I think he is living the life he wants.
But to me the difference is so stark when you compare goals and life plans and habits of consumption. The fact that we bought the cars at the exact same dealership with drastically different mindsets is interesting indeed. It makes me wonder if there will be a shadow of doubt crossing his mind about the choice when I leave as an extremely early retiree and he is still there. Probably not though.
I've only been through Dusty once or twice, and didn't remember it, had to do a google map lookup.
I can visualize the flapping payment book. Nice turn of phrase.
Wtf is a hunker down mode?
Did you buy his trade-in?
I assume he was referring to some kind of sport mode. Not familiar with the Alfa but most higher end vehicles have semi active or active dampers with tunes that can completely change the character of the vehicle.
Some of these cars will also lower the suspension when they are put into sport mode. Don't know if the Alfa-Romeos have this feature.
It's what sports cars do to avoid detection by lusty dragons.
Coworker age 65 recently spoke to me about not being able to retire for another 5 years or so as he need the max SS benefits due to very little savings and only a small pension of a few hundred dollars a month. He has been an engineer for over 40 years.
Today he asked our HR person for (another) 401k loan to pay for his 13 year old dog's intestine surgery. This is the second such request this year, with vet bills now over $15k.
Mmhmm. Some of them will even wrap themselves in chrome-like vinyl (to the tune of 6K) so when they slink around corners the sun will reflect off the coating and blind and/or disorient the dragon. If you're really determined you can try their proving grounds where they are known to frolic by drag racing or catch one separated from the herd as it pulls out of the temperature controlled garage of a McMansion.
There is a starbucks near our workplace, so it's not strange to see their products around our office floor. But lately it seems like a bunch of the younger co-workers are walking around with Starbucks Water. It's in the same plastic cup with long green straw, but it's...water?!?
Are they refilling their cups from a previous purchase to use at work?
Starbucks gives you tap water for free. Some charge 30 cents or so for the cup though.
That would have been me at my old workplace. We had a lot of breaks where everyone would go down to the neighbouring Starbucks and I would go along to stretch my legs and generally got water. I never was charged. Probably because my coworkers were spending so much.
Finally, an explanation of the Citroën.
In my old workplace there was a coffee selling place nearby as well. Some colleagues would buy the fancy coffee for the group of coffee drinkers and with that morally compel the group members to do the same thing back next time.
I work in the federal government and am helping my boss out with reviewing resumes for a new hire. I'm a GS-11 which has a base salary of about $62,000. The position being advertised is also a GS-11 but two people who applied made far more so my boss called them to find out why they applied for a job with much lower pay. One guy was in a HCOL area and wanted to be closer to family in our LCOL area. The second guy was local and worked for a different federal agency as a GS-12 making $94,000. When we called him to find out why he was willing to take such a dramatic pay cut he said he thought he could get the job bumped up to GS-12 and basically match his current salary. When my boss informed him that wasn't going to be possible he mentioned he had three kids in college and had just bought three new cars so he couldn't afford a pay cut.
I don't know if he meant three new (used) cars or three brand new cars but WTF. Maybe his kids got a lot of scholarships or his wife has a good income as well but I can't imagine buying one brand new car, let alone three at the same time.
What sort of obligation, if any, do you feel to caution your friends or "work friends" about the consequences of their profligacy? A former colleague of mine is about to be medically released from the military where she earns about $80k/year. Insurance will provide her with 75% of her previous pay for 2 years, then she'll get a pension worth about $30k/year. She's amassed over $40K in consumer debt while earning $80k, so she needs to adjust her lifestyle - but doesn't see the need.
She has little home equity, a high school education, has moved back to a community with high unemployment, and has pegged her financial future on Veterans' Affairs reconsidering a claim that they've already denied, and plans to sell movie ideas to Netflix. She has few transferable skills and a condition that causes her to be in chronic pain, so her employment prospects are very limited.
She could fix her situation by using the insurance money to pay off her debts if she slashes her spending now, but how do I point her to the right path without telling her that her plans tantamount to magical thinking? Even though we don't have much in common, she's a sweet person, and I don't think that she has anyone else in her life to point her on a less destructive path. What to do?
@Sun Hat If she is a good friend, I’d just invite her out for a meal to catch up, casually ask about her upcoming plans now that her discharge is imminent, and then show her the math. While her Plan A is to have the VA reconsider her claim, I’d ask her what her Plan B was “just in case” VA denied her claim.
It is a theory of mine that the correlation exists because the people are married and get along only while the money is flowing. Once the trips down south, the new cars, trailers, and new iPhone purchases stop because the credit cards are maxed and the line of credit is tapped, the people realize that they don't really enjoy their partner, and were only getting along/having fun with him/her while there was money to burn.
Does the inverse hold true as well? We had a €500,- wedding!
how do I point her to the right path without telling her that her plans tantamount to magical thinking?
You set your own example, and talk it about enthusiastically. That probably won't work, but it has the best chance of working while not causing a rift between you and her as she gets offended that Netflix isn't going to pay her millions.
Yr2: 60k income, 25k spending, debt 5k -->0k, savings 0k-->25k.
Yr3 and thereafter, 30k income, 5k spending, savings 25k+5k pa.
That's not huge savings but if she's receiving some sort of disability pension from her military service then she will have zero medical costs, so her savings can be for small investments, hobbies, or travel.
But she almost certainly won't do it. People don't engage in magical thinking for just a year or two out of nowhere and then stop, it's a lifelong practice. Digging further, you'll find similar thinking throughout her life, let me guess: is she also single and dreaming of a 6'4" handsome rich charming educated man who sweeps her off her feet one day? So when I say that you should discuss your own example in a conversational way, that's not in expectation of any positive change on her part as a result, but just so you can get it out of your system.
Thanks for the feedback @Kyle Schuant and @Freedomin5.
One of the few things that my friend and I have in common is that we're both women who were/will be medically released from the military. Our pensions will even be of a pretty similar amount. For me, the 70% reduction in income wasn't a big impact to my daily spending, as I had been saving over 60% of my pay anyways, so I just downsized from my almost-paid for home to a totally paid for home and called it a day. Kyle Schuant is right, hers is a lifetime of magical thinking and poor financial management. Fortunately, we're Canadian, so medical costs aren't a significant factor.
I think that Freedomin5's suggestion of asking about her Plan B is a good one, and far more tactful than anything that I could have come up with on my own. Unfortunately, I won't get to see her face to face, since I only saw her while she was passing through my city enroute her retirement destination and she was traveling with her 14 year old daughter, and I didn't want to shake her by the collar and call her crazy in front of her kid, so I just smiled and nodded when she told me her situation. I'll have to make my query by email.
... but how do I point her to the right path without telling her that her plans tantamount to magical thinking? Even though we don't have much in common, she's a sweet person, and I don't think that she has anyone else in her life to point her on a less destructive path. What to do?
I'm not very good at this, but I've seen others employ this method to great effect: ask questions. Don't (outwardly) judge them or say that they're in dreamland. Ask the questions that will force them to actually think through their future. Freedomin5 is on the right track--ask what plan B is. Ask how much it'll cost to live in her new place. Ask what kind of jobs are available there. Ask how she sees her life in 5 years. Ask the "what if" questions. Ask her what makes her think the VA will reconsider the previously-denied claim. Ask her what her actual spending is (does she even know?).
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2019-04-23T16:35:03Z
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http://forum.mrmoneymustache.com/antimustachian-wall-of-shame-and-comedy/overheard-at-work/20700/
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One of the single crucial concepts in company is the sales funnel. Sales funnels can boost your earnings online by automating your organisation. They provide a course of the very least resistance to expanding and scaling your business on auto-pilot. Yet after hanging out with several of the world’s finest marketing professionals, I can inform you with near assurance, not only how sales funnels will certainly enable you to make more loan online, however which specific funnels you must implement.
Currently, if you’re anything like me, you may be averse to specific funnels. For example, I’m not at all an ecommerce guy, but I do know that free-plus-shipping funnels are absolutely squashing it. Actually, simply this past week, while participating in the Closing Table Mastermind with Perry Belcher and Roland Frasier, I got a lot more insight into the appealing “tripwire” funnel, supposedly created by Perry Belcher.
Nevertheless, Belcher didn’t create the idea. He attracted that from an old Columbia House advertisement that sold 13 CDs or tapes for the huge rate of $1.00. Remember it? Yet all of us know that this irresistible offer (also known as tripwire) had means much more to it than just the $1.00 price tag. In the background, there was a continuity program at the office. In Columbia House’s’ version, this was called adverse choice invoicing. That implies, you automatically get normal monthly deliveries (together with a costs) unless you expressly state otherwise.
So why is this so effective as well as what does it relate to sales funnels? Actually, what you’ll see is that Columbia House’s sales funnel was fairly simple. You just selected the CDs or tapes you wanted for a buck, then received a routine month-to-month shipment every month at a pre-defined rate. They would continually bill you for those CDs or tapes each and every single month. There were variations of this deal as well where you might get 11 CDs or tapes for one dime then get the 12th free.
In any case you consider it, these were all alluring offers. This was too good to skip. However what Columbia House and also various other companies realized was that, although they would lose loan out of eviction, they would certainly, typically, over time, generate income hand over first. And that is the power of the sales funnel. Before automation, this is just how sales funnels functioned. As well as, if you called in, you would obtain a real-time individual effectively walking you via the funnel.
The Columbia House example offers deep insight right into the psychology of an offer that’s alluring. By first identifying the lifetime worth of a client and their retention rate, Columbia House established that it might invest a specific quantity of money obtaining customers as well as still be very successful. That’s basically what’s performed with sales funnels today. As well as what truly makes those sales funnels so effective are tripwires.
Today, it’s the tripwire that produces the alluring deal. Although Columbia House really did not rather have major up-sells or down-sells in their funnels, they created an easy 2 step funnel that worked. It worked since the tripwire was so attractive. It appealed deeply to the consumer. Besides, how can you withstand a deal like that for 12 or 13 CDs or tapes for $1 or 1 cent when they were retailing at around $10 each at the time.
Another powerful example of this was via Sports Illustrated. Actually, Sports Illustrated was efficiently on the decrease at the time it presented its cutting edge tripwire. There’s something about tangible items that people just connect with. Even when you’re providing an electronic details product on the back end, by sweetening the take care of a concrete excellent, you can quite literally send your conversions via the roof.
In the example of Sports Illustrated, take on your own back to 1990 when magazine subscription rates were starting to drop off. Because duration, Sports Illustrated experienced a 7% decrease in their circulation in the first half of the year. Now, no matter what they did, they were incapable to obtain the registration prices up. Also by using deep price cuts on memberships, customers weren’t ordering it. Plus, if they marked down also outstanding, it would certainly impact their ability to get advertisers paying premium rates without showing that consumers were paying near to the full cover rate of the magazine.
Sports Illustrated, owned by Time, Inc., had not been the only magazine that was enduring under the firm’s umbrella. Individuals magazine had likewise experienced an extreme decrease of 5%. Time, Inc., understood that it needed to do something quick. So it began to provide a tripwire that consisted of sports slips on VHS. Nonetheless, the price was exorbitant as well as there were only a lot of bungles it might supply. So, they looked to the football phone as the new tripwire.
Why the football phone? First, it appealed to the target audience. And, it was distinct and also interesting. Even more exciting than a monotonous magazine subscription. The football-shaped phone concept was developed by Sports Illustrated’s supervisor of circulation at the time, Michael Loeb. At that time, marketing on wire was likewise really low-cost. And also, the phone, which was sourced from China, just set you back a couple of dollars “landed”. So everything made good sense.
Loeb dealt with the logistics of this offer for lots of months. Nonetheless, that had not been the only offer. They likewise created an offer that included a sneaker phone. If you’ll think back to 1990-1991, it was both uses that were running almost simultaneously. Speak about an early-on split-test, right?
So, what were the outcomes of all this? Over 1 million brand-new customers. That’s right. As well as those offers just ran for a minimal time. Yet it properly conserved the business. That’s the power of a tripwire deal. It’s a concrete product that gets people delighted regarding whatever else the core deal is. In fact, some individuals will just acquire what you’re marketing solely for the uniqueness of the tangible tripwire offer.
Sales funnels are one of the single most powerful principles in service today for a really particular reason. It’s not just the instance of the tripwire that’s effective. It’s the whole kitten play dirty, in a manner of speaking. There are numerous parts and also parts to what make a sales funnel work so well that I wanted to break it down and also give some more examples to supply a much deeper understanding to just how you can utilize them to increase your revenue online.
Now, if you’re not utilizing a sales funnel right now, or if you’re just finding what a sales funnel is, after that there are a couple of methods you can quickly leverage this powerful idea in your service to produce eruptive outcomes. Firstly, if you do not have a ClickFunnels account, go here and register for the 14-day free trial. Once you have actually arrangement your account, get a personalized domain name as well as start building your funnel. If you require assistance, view a few of the on-boarding videos included with ClickFunnels.
It does not matter if you have an existing business or you’re working to arrangement a new service, funnels are the trick to expanding as well as scaling despite where you’re beginning with. Nevertheless, there are 5 specific methods you can make use of sales funnels to boost your revenue right now. No matter what organisation you’re in or what you’re offering, you can take advantage of these today, today, to develop eruptive outcomes.
At the Inner Circle mastermind this week, Russell Brunson dissected the hook-story-offer strategy that precedes developing the funnel. Can you build a sales funnel prior to you have a hook and also a story? Yes. However you could have trouble getting traction, especially if you’re competing in a red sea. Red oceans are entrepreneur-infested waters contending for the very same pool of clients, whereas blue oceans are a location where couple of business owners are swimming in.
What does that tell you? Spend the moment responsible as well as the tale. Yes, the offer is also important. However it’s the hook and also the story that’s mosting likely to reel leads in. For instance, Brunson made use of the story of fit-to-fat-to-fat creator, Drew Manning. Manning, that was in terrific shape, went out there as well as gained a lot of weight over a 6 month duration to much better comprehend what it feels like to be fat. Yet then he went out there and also shed all the weight.
That right there is an unbelievable hook and also story. It’s unique. As well as, due to that, Manning has actually experienced a meteoric increase, even though his deal isn’t that excellent. Yet when the hook and also the story is just so excellent, the deal is almost unimportant. Efficiently, you can market just about anything when the hook as well as the tale just crush it. Another instance is the tale of Robert Allen that would certainly constantly say he could be decreased in any city in the country as well as acquire a home no cash down within 60 days. Which’s specifically what he did. His brand name has actually done over a billion bucks in sales as a result of it.
Those are all wonderful hooks as well as stories. Without that, your deal will certainly struggle. If you can generate a special method to create your hook and story, the rest will certainly fall into place. Considering that there is a lot red sea available, this is most likely one of one of the most essential indicate make prior to you launch any kind of sales funnel.
Tripwires are wonderful low-barrier-of-entry products that make prospects use their bank card. Typically, these are too-good-to-pass-up items that are provided at an astonishing cost. Just consider the tripwire used by Columbia House or Sports Illustrated, for instance. Tripwires aid make it easier to acquire brand-new customers, and then to rise them up your value ladder.
Anything that makes consumer procurement more difficult, such as a high-priced service or product out of the gate, is going to make growing and scaling your organisation more difficult. The fact is that it sets you back 5 times as much to attract a brand-new client as it does to preserve an existing one. That’s why tripwires are so effective. They lower the barrier-of-entry into your organisation. As well as anything that can reduce the obstacle of entry is constantly ideal.
One more wonderful means to introduce a sales funnel and also quickly increase your revenue whatever company you’re in is through a lead magnet. The lead magnet needs to include actual worth. However it can be in numerous layouts such as a PDF book, list, rip off sheet and more. After the download, you can offer a single offer. This indicates a three-step funnel. You could likewise produce an up-sell if they take the one-time deal or even a payment-plan down-sell if they reject it.
Why do a lead magnet with tons of value? Initially, you’re setting yourself up as an expert. If that material is really actionable, as well as it adds an enormous quantity of value to the possibility’s life, after that they’re mosting likely to perceive you as the authority. Yet it does something even more than that. It refers micro-commitments. The concept? Get a person to agree to do 3 small points for you and also the fourth one is instantly an indeed.
One of one of the most effective sales funnels you can develop is based around the webinar. Actually, it was the webinar that saved Brunson’s service from personal bankruptcy a couple of times. It was a combination and also conclusion of knowledge that lead to the best webinar script, which creates the basis for the ultimate sales funnel. Some of it originated from Jason Fladlien, while various other pieces originated from in other places in Brunson’s trip.
However, all that details integrated right into the style of a perfect webinar as well as funnel, has actually essentially changed the businesses of countless business owners who have actually taken their knowledge and monetized it via the rapid force of webinars. Building a webinar is among the best courses to success with a sales funnel. Actually, the webinar funnel is rather perhaps one of the most transformative funnel you could introduce for any type of company, brand-new or old.
The application allows you to weed out those that aren’t severe. And, on the phone call, you can close the deal. Now, this sort of sales funnel jobs if you’ve already had outcomes with customers. Otherwise, help cost-free till you get outcomes for people. After that, accumulate endorsements as well as use those as component of the pitch for the coaching.
Most likely one of the most significant and also most popular sales funnels these days is the free-plus-shipping offer funnel. It makes a wonderful entry factor right into any type of funnel by developing an one-time offer or up-sell after the deal, similar to a tripwire funnel. Nevertheless, the distinction right here is the power of words free. Yes, tripwires, which are very low-cost services or products, work well. Yet there is actual power in words totally free.
In fact, individuals will lift and down for a cost-free deal, even if they have to cover the shipping and handling, instead of taking an offer that they even need to pay a small quantity of money for.
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2019-04-19T10:29:21Z
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http://www.indirjet.com/using-sales-funnels-to-how-to-make-money-online-with-60-second-binary-options/
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There is really no more enjoyable way to visit New England than to travel the rural scenic byways and stay in authentic New England Inns. You’ll experience the warmth and hospitality of these charming, historic inns, not to mention some truly fabulous breakfasts.
Starting in Boston, the birthplace of Independence, you’ll be driving a classic New England route, taking in the coast of Connecticut, which could not be more different from the Massachusetts coast on Cape Cod and the Maine Coast at Kennebunkport. Combine this with the quintessential New England mountain scenery in New Hampshire and Vermont and you've got yourself a tour of true contrasts.
The roots of Boston, New England’s largest city, can be found way back in Lincolnshire, about 100 miles north of London. The land there, gifted by William the Conqueror, was also home to the founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who settled Boston.
In 1629, a dozen shareholders from Boston, Lincolnshire signed a contract to inhabit and develop New England assuming that they would be allowed to govern the colony themselves. They set sail for America, ultimately to join with William Blackstone and other survivors of the first Plymouth Colony. Today of course, as they say, the rest is history. Boston became a thriving settlement, more new settlers arrived, the roots of American independence began to take root and for a time the city even hosted the emerging government of the United States.
The events surrounding the American Revolution in Boston are commemorated in The Freedom Trail, a 2.5 mile walking trail through downtown Boston, the North End and Charlestown. The trail starts at the Boston Common, originally owned by William Blackstone. It is hard to imagine that the 50 acres in the very heart of Boston were once used as a common pasture for cattle owned by the townspeople. Next stop, the Boston State House, completed in 1798. It is the oldest building on Beacon Hill and still the seat of the Massachusetts government. Fifteen additional locations on the Freedom Trail include the USS Constitution and the Paul Revere House. It takes about 4 hours to walk the trail comfortably.
Cape Cod is larger than most people imagine. Your accommodations in Yarmouth Port for the next two nights place you right in the middle of the Cape, ready for action. The Upper Cape closest to the Massachusetts mainland is home to Sandwich and Falmouth, location of the famous Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Hyannis, of Kennedy fame, is located Mid-Cape. The narrow portion of land where it bends sharply north is considered the Lower Cape. The Outer Cape includes the Cape Cod National Seashore, forty miles of pristine sandy beach, marshes, ponds and uplands. Lighthouses, cultural landscapes and wild cranberry bogs offer a glimpse of Cape Cod's past.
Stephen Leatherman, aka Dr. Beach, recently named Coast Guard Beach the 5th best beach in the US. Provincetown, at the very end of the Cape and long known as an art town, berths several whale watching fleets that patrol Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Several guarantee a whale sighting at the right time of year.
Today we suggest a trip by ferry to Nantucket Island, one of the most unique, historic and visually stunning places in the world. Originally a booming whaling port, the National Historic District of Nantucket has changed little since the 17th century, when many of the seaside cottages were built and old-fashioned whale oil lamps lit the streets. Today, nearly 40% of the remainder of the island is protected conservation land. You can walk wide sandy beaches, swim in the sparkling waters of Nantucket Sound or brave the Atlantic on the island’s south shore.
If land is more to your liking, browse the many boutique shops, art galleries and museums or sign up for a tour of the island. Right next door, Edgartown, the most famous town on Martha’s Vineyard, could not be more different from Nantucket. Martha’s Vineyard actually has six different towns that are as different as night and day. Once a thriving whaling port, the island is now home to writers, artists, architects and designers who come here to get away from the hustle and bustle of Boston. There are no chain restaurants, no shopping malls and no speed over 45 miles an hour on Martha’s Vineyard.
The region around Essex Connecticut is one of the oldest in America. Old Saybrook, Connecticut, where the Connecticut River meet the Long Island Sound, is one of the oldest towns in the state dating back to 1635.
Begun as an independent colony known as the Saybrook Plantation, the colony was started when a company of English Puritans headed by led by John Wintrhop, Jr. erected a fort to guard the river entrance. The Pequot War engulfed the area in 1636. Yale University was founded in Old Saybrook as the Collegiate School for the education of ministers in 1700.
Just two miles away, settlers from Saybrook founded Lyme on the banks of the Connecticut River in the 1640s. By the 1650s the town was exporting barrel staves to the West Indies. Lyme prospered in the 1700s and 1800s, during which many of its fine old churches, houses and public buildings were constructed. During the late 1800s and early 1900s it became a summer art colony favoured by painters. The less wealthy boarded in the fine old (1817) mansion of Miss Florence Griswold on Lyme Street, now Old Lyme's most noted art museum.
American Impressionists whom Miss Griswold admired, including Charles Ebert, Childe Hassam, Willard Metcalfe, Henry Ward Ranger, and Guy and Carleston Wiggins, decorated many of the mansion's walls and doors with their work— sometimes in lieu of rent.
The stars come out in summer in the Berkshires and not just in the sky. Tanglewood hosts stirring Boston Symphony Orchestra performances, the Williamstown Theatre Festival presents inspiring plays and local museums unveil captivating exhibits.
The new MASS MOCA (the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art) displays cutting edge and state of the art creations. The Clark Art Institute features the masterworks collected by the Clark family. The Norman Rockwell Museum holds not only the work of Norman Rockwell, but also other classic and modern art.
The historic Mohawk Trail National Scenic Byway traverses the northern portion of the Berkshires. The fascinating Hancock Shaker Village is located in Pittsfield. You can spend the afternoon exploring the charming small towns of Williamstown, Lee and Lenox, Massachusetts. Be sure to stop in the many quaint New England antique shops and one-of-a-kind Berkshires art galleries.
Those who want to get out in the outdoors can take the Berkshire Scenic Railroad from the historic station in Lenox to either Lee or Stockbridge. Western Gateway Heritage State Park features a model railroad display and a re-enactment of the building of the Hoosac Tunnel.
Hiking is popular along the Shaker footpaths of Shaker Village, on the wooded trails of Pittsfield State Forest, in the Pleasant Valley Wildlife Sanctuary and in Kennedy Park in Lenox. Take a tamer stroll at the Berkshire Botanical Gardens.
Since it is a very short distance from the Berkshires to Manchester Village, you have the option to travel on a scenic driving loop that takes you to Bennington and Brattleboro and back to Manchester again is only 113 miles long.
You’ll find Bennington County, Vermont as quintessential New England as there is. There are two historic walking tours in Bennington. One includes the original structures remaining from settlement and the Old First Church behind which poet Robert Frost is buried. Another driving tour takes you under five covered bridges and to the Vermont Covered Bridge Museum. Be sure not to miss the Apple Barn and Country Bake Shop, as well as Bennington Potters, world famous for their stoneware pottery.
Between Bennington and Brattleboro, take the Molly Stark Trail National Scenic Byway through the southern Green Mountains. It is named after the wife of New Hampshire General John Stark who was the victor in the 1777 Battle of Bennington. The road is the route that the General and his troops marched home after their triumph over the forces of King George III.
Enjoy the three state overlook from the top of Hog Mountain. Brattleboro is a college town and completely different than Bennington. The downtown is filled with art galleries, craftspeople, artists, boutiques, shops and restaurants. From there it’s a short drive back to your accommodations in Manchester.
On your way to Burlington today, there’s another great scenic loop highway waiting today with white steepled churches, winding roads, quintessential, quaint New England towns bathed in bright sunshine and set up against mountains as old as time. And, of course, there’s Ben and Jerry’s ice cream.
The countryside hasn’t changed much here in the 230 years since the Green Mountain Boys declared Vermont an independent republic. A mountain pass in Vermont is called a notch and mountains here have interesting names like Camels Hump and Crouching Lion. New England at its finest. Enjoy your drive.
Since you have the opportunity to spend the day in the Burlington area today, plan to enjoy a cruise on Lake Champlain on crystal blue water surrounded by lush greenery. For a change of pace, visit Shelburne Farm, a 1,400 acre working farm that is also a National Historic Landmark. The Shelburne Museum has 150,000 works of art, Americana and design. The collection includes everything from French Impressionists to American folk art. After enjoying the visual treat, stroll on the 45 acres of gardens and landscape that surround the Museum.
Once you get to Jackson, it’s everything you’d expect in quintessential New England. Cold, clear rushing streams reflect the deep lush greens of summer and the blazing colors that set the hillsides on fire in fall. Towering granite cliffs and soaring mountains hug both sides of the road as you make your way along age old winding, scenic routes, the woods that poet Robert Frost called, lovely, dark and deep. You can come here to escape all of mankind, which most of the residents do.
Locals will assure you that you can have a vacation away from the citied world in a place that has not changed much in centuries. Many of the charming villages still look as they did when writer Nathaniel Hawthorne and painter Thomas Cole lived here in the 18th century. And that’s the way they like it, slow, easy and simple, leaving time to appreciate the astounding scenic beauty all around.
There’s a great scenic loop to be explored today that includes the beautiful Kancamagus Highway, Mt. Washington, the highest peak in the Northeast and scenic Route 16, which gets progressively more scenic as it heads north. Jackson is one of the most attractive towns in all of New Hampshire.
Spend one more day exploring this wonderful region of New England.
Why not consider a ride to the top of Mount Washington on the world’s first mountain-climbing cog railway? Built in 1869, this historic steam locomotive makes for a thrilling 3-hour round trip ride to the top of New England’s highest peak and offers amazing views over the White Mountains and beyond. Bon Voyage would be pleased to pre-book this for you. .
The Kennebunks are very old coastal towns, settled in 1620. Maine remained a part of the Colony of Massachusetts and Kennebunk did not become a city until 1820.
If you’re up for a short walk at this point, the Kennebunk National Register Historic District Village walk begins at the Brick Store Museum and continues on Main Street. If there’s time, the Kennebunkport History Center is located at 125 North Street. Five buildings, including a shipwright’s office, comprise the history center campus and present a good perspective of seafaring life in the Massachusetts colony.
Some folks call the Kennebunk Beach the Kennebunk Workout. The string of beaches, some sandy, some rocky, that stretch along Beach Avenue from Gooch's Beach past Lord’s Point are all connected by sidewalks — a feature that makes this great stretch of seaside a favorite with walkers, joggers and roller-bladers anytime of day or evening. Take an early morning stroll past long stretches of beach, seafront homes and inns before the sun worshippers spread their towels on the sand.
Enjoy the warmth of midday or the romance of an orange and purple sky reflecting off the water at sunset. Kennebunk Beach is readily accessible. You can drive to the beach and park, or you can take the trolley and leave your car behind.
You may want to consider purchasing a Boston Go Card which offers discounted admissions to over 75 attractions in and around Boston. Boston’s most famous attractions include the New England Aquarium, the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum, the USS Constitution and the Harvard Museum of Natural History.
Tours on the water include the Seaport Express Water Taxi, Charles River Boat Tours, the Mass Bay Lines Whale Watch and the famous Boston Duck Tours.
The Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum and the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem are all considered world class. The Peabody Museum is one of the oldest museums in the world devoted to anthropology. The Paul Revere House introduces you to life before the Revolution and the Harrison Otis House museum lets you step into the elegant world of Boston’s governing class after the American Revolution.
Spend one more day exploring this wonderful historic city. Perhaps you'd like to take advantage of the tax-free shopping on clothes and shoes in Boston's wide variety of stores and malls?
When you take-off from Boston Airport, you'll know that you have explored the roads less travelled in the oldest part of America.
Perhaps you may want to extend your tour and take a train down to New York City for some sightseeing and shopping or maybe head to the capital, Washington DC for some exploring.
Call the travel experts at Bon Voyage to discuss your perfect Historic Inns of New England Tour.
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2019-04-19T23:09:12Z
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https://www.bon-voyage.co.uk/destinations/usa_holidays/itinerary/historic_inns_of_new_england_tour
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2019-04-22T18:09:30Z
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http://www.backflipt.com/termsofservice/
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Microsoft’s RESTful Data Services, WCF Data Services, were built on top of Entity Framework and by default, have a reliance on an Entity Data Model. Entity Framework 4.1 Code First gives us a new way to create a model, simply by defining classes. You can create WCF Data Services based on a Code First model just as easily as if you were using a model based on and visual Entity Data Model, i.e. an EDMX file.
In this article, I’ll show you how to build WCF Data Services using Code First and a model for a modest customer sales application consisting of 10 classes. Once the service has been created, I’ll then consume a portion of the data in a Windows Phone 7 application.
The final solution (which you can download at the top of this page) consists of four projects plus some automated tests used along the way.
CustomerOrderModel contains the domain classes — Customer, Order, LineItem, Product and others.
DataLayer contains the Entity Framework 4.1 code that uses Code First to create a conceptual Entity Data Model from the domain classes and provide database interaction as well as other features of Entity Framework.
CustomerDataServices contains the WCF Data Service that exposes the customer data on the web as OData.
WindowsPhone7App contains a small application that uses the OData Client to consume the Customer Data Services for reading and writing. The application exposes some customer information for reading and writing and lets a customer view their orders along with the line items for each order.
The model classes are fairly simple for the sake of demonstrating the concepts. Here are the classes that will be used in the WP7 application.
Notice that all three of these classes inherit from DateClass. DateClass provides two more properties to each class.
Below you’ll see how ModifiedDate and AddedDate are automatically populated as needed.
The DataLayer project consists of the CustomerOrderContext class which inherits from the Entity Framework 4.1 DbContext. The DbContext class is what brings the Entity Framework features on board. It is what gives you the ability to write LINQ to Entities queries that will be executed on the database and return populated objects. The DbContext provides change tracking and the ability to update data in the database. The DbContext uses EF 4.1 DbSets to manage particular classes. CustomerOrderContext contains DbSets for most of the classes defined in the model.
The DataLayer has a few more jobs. First, this is where we’ll be sure that the ModifiedDate and AddedDate properties are populated for the relevant classes before changes are sent to the database. You can do this by overriding the DbContext.SaveChanges method, finding the appropriate objects that are being tracked by DbContext and applying the current date and time. When all of that is finished, it’s necessary to call the base SaveChanges method which you can see in the last line of code below.
Code First uses Convention over Configuration to reason out a conceptual model and how it maps to the database. It starts with Convention — that is it’s assumptions of your intent based on what it finds in the classes. You can tweak that using configurations and Code First provides two mechanisms for this: declarative Data Annotations and code based Fluent API configurations. In the DataLayer project, Fluent API mappings are being used to provide additional configuration information to Code First so that it will properly build the model and mappings from the domain classes.
As an example, here is one of the mappings that tells Code First the TimeStamp field in the customer class should be treated by Entity Framework as a RowVersion property.
This configuration also impacts the mapping to the database. If Code First is creating the database (SQL Server in this case), it will be sure that the column is a RowVersion type. If you are simply mapping to an existing database, the configuration says to expect a RowVersion type in the database.
There are a number of other mappings in the Data Layer. It’s not important to see them all but it is important to note that even when used through, the WCF Data Service, these mappings will be honored.
Code First needs to be aware of the mappings just after it’s read through the classes and is about to build the model based on its findings. DbContext exposes the OnModelCreating method where you can inject configurations for code first to take into account. Since the configurations are defined in separate EntityTypeConfiguration classes, they can simply be added to the model builder’s configurations in order to be used when building the model. This method is also in the CustomerOrderContext class.
This new domain does not have a pre-existing database. Therefore, the data layer provides the ability advantage of the Code First feature of creating a database based on the database schema it infers after working out the model and mappings. This is achieved through Code First Database Initialization. You can add to the initialization logic by providing seed data. Here is a class in the DataLayer that inherits from one of the three database initialization strategies and then overrides the Seed method to insert some default data. This is a useful way to provide sample data while testing your application. This particular class inherits from the strategy that will only perform the initialization when the database does not yet exist or when you have made a change to one of the classes in the model. The seed method in the data layer has been written to insert three product categories, three products and one customer. The customer has two orders, each with two line items. You can examine this class in the download sample.
This code will be triggered even when the model is being consumed by the WCF Data Service.
With the Data Layer in hand, you can now create a WCF Data Service which lives in its own project. The data service needs some type of web host. I prefer to create a WCF Service Application project to host my WCF Data Services then the first thing I do after creating the project is to delete the IService1.cs/vb and Service1.svc files.
Here are the steps for creating the data service in this project.
2. Select WCF Data Service, which you can find in the Web items or by using the Search feature.
3. Name the service CustomerDataService.svc.
Next is an important step. Visual Studio will add references to the .NET 4 versions of the System.Data.Services and System.Data.Services.Client assemblies for the data service. These are not aware of Entity Framework 4.1 and the new DbContext. You’ll need to replace them with updated versions, Microsoft.Data.Services and Microsoft.Data.Services.Client, that are part of the Microsoft WCF Data Services March 2011 CTP 2 at http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=60fb0117-8cea-4359-b392-6b04cdc821be. Keep in mind that this is a preview and is subject to change. You should be sure to get the version that is most current.
4. Manually delete the references to System.Data.Services and System.Data.Services.Client and replace them with Microsoft.Data.Services and Microsoft.Data.Services.Client from the WCF Data Services March 2011 CTP 2.
5. Add a reference to the DataLayer project. This will allow your data service aware of the CustomerOrderContext.
6. Because you are referencing a newer version of the services API, you must update the version reference in the service code. In the last line of code change the MaxProtocolVersion from DataServiceProtocolVersion.V2 to DataServiceProtocolVersion.V3.
The default code in the data service class provides some place holders and commented out sample code. The first is in the class declaration which leaves you a spot to identify the context that the data service is exposing.
7. Replace the context placeholder with DataLayer.CustomerOrderContext.
By default, the service exposes none of your DbSets from the context. You must explicitly give the service permission to share your data using the SetEntitySetAccessRule method. You can define common rights for all of your sets or provide granular rules.
This will let any consumer read all of the data exposed from the list of DbSets defined in the CustomerOrderContext class.
We also want users to be able to modify Customer information as well as read it and that rule is called WriteMerge. Since this will override the Customers rule, you also need to repeat the AllRead access.
Notice that the enums are combined using a bitwise operator. Consuming applications will be able to read and modify Customers.
Because the data layer is using the Code First feature to automatically discover the database, you do not need to provide a database connection string in the Data Service layer’s web.config. So you’re all set.
You can verify the service by browsing the CustomerOrderService.svc file in your web browser.
If you are using Code First’s Database Initialization, Code First creates an in-memory set called EdmMetadatas and a corresponding database table. You can add a configuration right to hide that from the data service.
The browser lets you execute queries directly with URLs. Verify that you can view the Customers data [CustomerDataService.svc/Customers] or even Customers with their Orders [CustomerDataService.svc/Customers?$expand=Orders] .
The format of the data returned by the service and its query syntax is referred to OData as it follows the OData specification.
Once the OData service is available, you can consume it with any software platform that gives you the ability to make HTTP calls to the internet. You could make the calls using knowledge of raw HTTP and OData’s Uri query syntax. And there is a growing array of client libraries that make coding against OData a simple task. You can find libraries on the Consumers page of www.OData.org. The Windows Phone 7.1 SDK includes the OData library for Windows Phone 7 development, an adaptation of the OData .NET Client library with similar coding patterns. This sample application will leverage this WP7 client library.
You can find many great resources for learning WP7 Development at App Hub, the MSDN Developer Center for Windows Phone (create.msdn.com). The following will focus on the portions of the application that interact with the data service; but you can see the complete code in the sample download.
The sample presumes that a Customer has logged in and therefore only presents information for a single customer. The Customer can view and edit their key information, browse their orders and then clicking on an order, view the details of that order.
Since the app doesn’t need to work with all of the properties for any of these three classes, it leverages the Model View View Model (MVVM) pattern where the UI interacts with local classes that are designed for the needs of the UI. These classes are referred to as View Models, i.e. models designed for the view. As shown in Figure 4, the application queries for the Customer, Order and Line Items classes from the service, then uses the properties of these results to populate the local classes. Then, the application screens bind to the local classes, not to the classes coming from the service.
Here are the CustomerViewModel and OrderViewModel classes which you can compare to the relevant classes listed above. While the Windows Phone 7 Application project template creates View Model classes that implement INotifyPropertyChanged, this sample doesn’t require property changed notifications, so doesn’t bother with the implementation.
In order to query the Data Service, you’ll need to use Visual Studio’s Add Service Reference feature to add a reference and proxy classes to the WP7 application. Note that the Windows Phone 7 SDK did not provide the ability to use the Add Service Reference wizard — you were forced to use the command line tool. But the newer Windows Phone 7.1 SDK does let you use the wizard in Visual Studio.
Once the service reference exists, you’re application can work with the CustomerOrderContext class that the reference exposes. The Add Service Reference created a local version of this class for you and because it’s coming from WCF Data Services, the proxy class that you’ll code against inherits from the OData client library’s DataServiceContext and therefore allows you to interact with the service. Here is that generated class.
One last class, DataAccess, acts as an agent between the UI, the data service and the view model classes. DataAccess makes calls to the Data Service using the CustomerOrderContext , populates instances of the CustomerViewModel, OrderViewModel and ListViewModel classes with the results, and then exposes the data to the UI.
Figure 5 displays the critical elements of the WP7 application – the Service Reference to the CustomerOrder Data Service, the View Model classes and the Data Access class.
Data Access first instantiates a new instance of the CustomerOrderContext, passing in the Uri where the service can be found. CustomerOrderContext is the proxy class that inherits from DataServiceContext.
Next, DataAccess queries the service using a pair of asynchronous methods. The first, GetCustomerAndOrders, builds the query, asking for a single customer along with that customer’s orders. In a production application, the customer will have logged in and the customer’s information would be used in the query to locate the correct customer. For the sake of the demo, any customer will do.
DataServiceContext.BeginExecute fires off the asynchronous query. This is the same pattern that you may be familiar with if you have used Silverlight with WCF Data Services and is not specific to the Windows Phone application.
CustomersAndOrderRetrieved uses EndExecute to finalize the query and receive the results. The objects returned from the service query are the full Customer and Order objects that the service exposes. This is where the application switches from the large classes to the View Model classes. The code instantiates a new CustomerViewModel and populates it’s few properties with values from the Customer, then builds a list of OrderViewModel objects using property values of the Orders returned from the service.
DataAccess exposes the customer and the orders with public properties, Customer and Orders. Notice that CustomersAndOrderRetrieved sets these properties with the newly populated view model classes. There is one other step — the customer that came back from the data service is stored away in the _currentCustomerEntity variable. This will be used later when the user makes changes the customer and needs to save them back to the data store.
Finally Data Access calls an event, NotifyPropertyChanged, to alert the UI that the customer has been populated, so let’s now take a look at the critical pieces of the UI.
The panel that displays the customer information shown in Figure 3 contains four TextBlocks that bind to properties (FirstName, LastName, Email, and Phone) of DataAccess.Customer (a CustomerViewModel instance).
When the application starts up, the code behind for the Main.xaml page calls DataAccess.LoadData which in turn, calls GetCustomersAndOrders. When the asynchronous method complete, it tells DataAccess to notify the Main.xaml page that the data has been retrieved and Customer (and it’s Orders) have been populated. In response, Main.xaml re-binds the UI controls to ensure they are refreshed. To avoid threading issues, the code takes advantage of a dispatcher to invoke the UI binding.
Then as you see in Figure 3, the “my info” and “orders” screens of the application will display the data that came back from the data service.
When you run the application, the data service and its subsequent call to CustomerOrderContext class defined in the DataLayer project, will trigger Code First to do its work. Code First will read the classes and then check for any additional model configurations to build its in-memory model. If the database does not yet exist, the context’s Database Initialization will also do its work — creating the database and seeding the database with the initial data provided in the Seed method.
You may recall that when building the Data Service earlier, you created AllRead rights for all of the entity sets, then composed additional rights on top of that. You removed all access to the EdmMetadatas EntitySet. And you explicitly set the Customers access permissions to AllRead and WriteMerge, which says that consumers can view customer data and update it, but still cannot insert or delete Customer data.
This means that the WP7 application will be allowed to update customer data. Let’s see how that works.
Revisiting the XAML for the TextBox controls in the UI, notice that the Mode for the TextBoxes is set to “TwoWay”. That will ensure that the CustomerViewModel will update any of its properties that are modified by the user, so the DataAccess.Customer will contain the latest data.
And remember that _currentCustomerEntity variable where the customer returned from the data service was squirreled away? That will make updating the customer very easy.
Here are the two asynchronous methods in the DataAccess class that perform the update to Customer.
Why is it important to use the original Customer for updating? Let’s take a look at the SQL command that gets run on the database in response to the user modifying a single field on the screen — the email address.
Because the Save method begin with the original customer that came from the service, that customer had the database original values, not just for the properties used by the app, but the others as well, e.g., Title and CompanyName. When the data service and subsequently Entity Framework, constructed the database UPDATE command it used all of the available values for the update. If you did not have the original values that were available in the original Customer for properties not in the CustomerViewModel, you would only have had nulls for those properties, and the UPDATE command would have updated the customer setting Title to null, Company to null and so forth. If the application did not use the ViewModels and worked directly with the instances returned from the data service, you could take a different approach to the update. You have to keep track of all of those unused properties. This is not specific to WP7 or to the fact that the solution uses Code First and you’ll find plenty of resources discussing patterns for dealing with state when consuming OData.
You’ll see in the sample download that when a user selects a particular order, the DataAccess class runs through a similar workflow, executing an asynchronous pair of methods to retrieve that order’s LineItems from the data service, pushing the results into LineItemViewModel classes then notifying the UI to rebind the controls of the Details.xaml page to the newly populated DataAccess.LineItems collection.
In this article you saw how to create a WCF Data Service from domain classes and Entity Framework 4.1 Code First. Given that your model and the Code First logic have already been implemented, the experience of exposing it through the data service is fairly simple. The data service is able to trigger all of the code first activities such as the model building, configuration and even database creation.
With the service in place, you can use one of the many OData Client Libraries to consume the service in your applications. Here you saw how simple it can be to consume and even update data through the data service when building a data driven Windows Phone 7 application.
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The 4-Hour Work Week teaches techniques to increase your time and financial freedom giving you more lifestyle options. By automating a passive income and liberating yourself from unproductive tasks you can live the lifestyle of the ‘new rich' – one defined by having, doing and being what you want. The author, Tim Ferriss, is an absolute genius and someone every entrepreneur or internet marketer should look up to.
DOWNLOAD THE 4-HOUR WORK WEEK BOOK SUMMARY PDF FOR FREE!
This is the book I probably recommend the most to people, and it’s one I’ve personally read multiple times. This book is an absolute go-to for anyone interested in working for themselves and creating a sustainable work/life balance. The 4-Hour Work Week is about escaping the 9-5 trap, giving yourself the freedom to work anywhere and still be successful. It’s not about working longer hours, but about working less and still getting the same, if not better, results. Who doesn’t want that?
Tim Ferriss is an American Blogger, Author, Podcaster and all-around entrepreneur. His Podcast, The Tim Ferriss Show has been #1 on iTunes for years and he’s released 4 #1 NYT bestselling books. Tim Ferris comes across as incredibly relatable and down-to-earth, perhaps why his popularity has skyrocketed. With a diverse range of knowledge, Tim Ferriss isn’t all about business, he’s even brought out books such as The 4-Hour Body and The 4-Hour Chef diving into the world of health and fitness.
This summary will cover some of the techniques that Tim Ferriss talks about in The 4-Hour Work Week that are designed to help you increase your time and financial freedom, giving you more lifestyle options. By automating a passive income and liberating yourself from unproductive tasks you can live the lifestyle of the ‘new rich' – one defined by having, doing and being what you want. This summary will start by covering some of Tim Ferriss’ key rules and things to avoid. Next, we’ll summarise how to ‘reset’ your lifestyle and eliminate the unnecessary. Then we’ll move on to talk about how you can automate your new lifestyle to free up even more time and finally with a brief discussion about what to do with your new lifestyle and how to fill your new-found free time!
Before we dive into what you need to do to increase both your time and financial freedom, Tim Ferriss summarises the process you’ll go through as a 4-step process, aka DEAL.
D for Definition – essentially you need to define what you're going to do and understand the rules.
A for Automation – next up is the time to automate everything possible, this may include outsourcing.
L for Liberation – finally, the part where you get to go out and live it.
Tim calls this the “freedom multiplier. The reality is, that you have options, you have the ability to choose, and Tim emphasises that this is a real power within you. If you can follow Tim’s simple steps, you’ll be able to see what you ca achieve with minimum effort and cost. And the reality is, that Tim believes you can make a lot more money by doing a lot less than you currently are!
Retirement Is Worst-Case-Scenario Insurance. Planning for retirement should not be part of your plan, the idea is that your work should be so enjoyable and achievable that you can continue to work without retirement.
Interest and Energy Are Cyclical. The best way to make your lifestyle maintainable is to have alternating periods of rest and work/activity. Plan “mini-retirements” throughout your life. When you are in a cycle of work you’ll work at your full potential, then allow yourself the rest required when you have a break.
Less Is Not Laziness. People assume that by doing less you are lazy, society stereotypes those that work harder and longer hours as better. This is not true, you can work a lot less and still be as successful.
The Timing is Never Right. It will never feel like the right time to do the significant things in your life. Quitting a job, having a baby, moving house? You can’t continue to put these things off until the ‘time is right’ – because that time may never come!
Ask for Forgiveness, Not Permission. This one is key, you’ve got to learn from your own mistakes in order to grow. Don’t give other people the opportunity to say no or deny you an opportunity. Give it a go first, and if it doesn’t work, apologise.
Emphasize Strengths, Don’t Fix Weaknesses. Strengths are more powerful and have more of an impact on your life than your weaknesses ever will. Don’t try and fix all the minor weaknesses you have, improve your strengths as this is where the results are. Improving a weakness may only ever bring mediocrity, whereas improving upon a strength can bring greatness.
Things in Excess Become Their Opposite. There is such a thing as too much of a good thing. Remember this, as they become a burden eventually.
Money Alone Is Not the Solution. As per the previous point, too much money can be a problem. The answer is not always money.
Relative Income Is More Important Than Absolute Income. Relative income uses two variables: the dollar and time, usually hours.
Distress Is Bad. Distress is only ever going to bring you down, make you weaker and less confident. Anyone who fires criticism at you or is abusive is only causing you distress. Find the people who are positive role models, who push you and help you grow.
Ferriss explains that most people avoid the concept of fear and pretend it’s something else all together. They deny the fear and remain optimistic. Tim uses the example of someone who’s unhappy but avoids quitting their job, they will continue to deny their unhappiness and remain optimistic that their work will improve in time or their income will increase.
Define what the benefits, either temporary or permanent that are likely outcomes of the scenario you are considering.
Identify the things that you are putting off or avoiding out of fear.
By avoiding these things, is it costing you? Whether this be financial, emotional or physical?
The goals shift from ambiguous wants to defined steps.
The goals have to be unrealistic to be effective.
It focuses on activities that will fill the vacuum created when work is removed. Living like a millionaire requires doing interesting things and not just owning enviable things.
What would you do if there were no way you could fail? If you were 10 times smarter than the rest of the world? Have two separate timelines, one short-term (e.g. 6 months) and one longer-term (12 months.) With these timelines, you need to add 5 things that you dream about, whether it be something you dream about having, being and doing.
Drawing a blank? If this hasn’t given you some inspiration, consider what you would do if you have $100,000,000. How would this affect your dreams? And what is it that would make you excited to wake up in the morning?
What does “being” entail doing? Convert each “being” into a “doing” to make it actionable. Identify an action that would characterize this state of being or a task that would mean you had achieved it.
What are the four dreams that would change it all? Identify 4 key dreams and consider how they would change your life.
Determine three steps for each of the four dreams in just the 6-month timeline and take the first step now. Break the dreams down, and start acting upon them immediately. You need to take this first step to start turning your dreams into a reality.
Tim explains the differences between being effective and being efficient. To be effective is to act in a way that is helping you reach your goals. And to be efficient is to act upon any given task, in the most productive way possible. The problem, Tim explains is that the default approach is often being efficient without regard to effectiveness. It’s key to understand that doing something unimportant, but very well, does not by default make it important. And similarly, spending a lot of time on a certain task does not make it important either.
Another Law that Tim discusses is Parkinson’s Law.
Tim explains that your best approach is to use both of these concepts together. And the best way to do this is to identify a few tasks that are both critical and will contribute to the majority of your income. Schedule these tasks with clear deadlines and don’t dedicate a lot of time to them.
1. If you had a heart attack and had to work two hours per day, what would you do?
2. What if you had a second heart attack and had to work two hours per week, what would you do?
3. If you had a gun to your head and had to stop doing 4/5 of different time-consuming activities, what would you remove?
4. What are the top-three activities that I use to fill time to feel as though I’ve been productive?
5. Who are the 20% of people who produce 80% of your enjoyment and propel you forward, and which 20% cause 80% of your depression, anger, and second-guessing?
6. If this is the only thing I accomplish today, will I be satisfied with my day?
7. Are you inventing things to do to avoid the important?
We’ve all heard the phrase ‘ignorance is bliss’ before, and Tim firmly believes that not only is ignorance blissful, but it can also be practical.
Tim identifies three ‘interruptions’ that often get in the way of the start-to-finish completion of any given task.
E-mail is almost certainly the most significant interruption in the workplace. Minimise the emails you send AND read.
Make sure the sound and notification of emails are turned off.
Try and only check your email 2 times in a day. Tim suggests first at 12:00 noon, and again at 4:00 P.M. This timing will ensure you have the most responses from previously sent e-mail.
Screen any phone-calls you receive. You don’t have to answer them all. And limit the phone calls you make.
If possible, Tim suggests you have two phone numbers. One can be used as your office line, and your cell phone number can be reserved for only urgent phone calls.
Most issues and work-related communication is not urgent at all. Steer your colleagues, clients etc. to the following order of communication; email first, then phone and finally in-person.
If someone has left you a voice-mail, reply to this via email when possible. This will help teach people the best way to reach you.
Meetings should only be held to make decisions about a predefined situation, not to define the problem.
If you absolutely cannot stop a meeting or call from happening, define the start and the end time. Ensure that you only discuss a pre-arranged topic and you don’t get side-tracked.
Time consumers are the second of Tim’s common interruptions. These can be defined as tasks that are repetitive in nature but need to be completed regularly. These are the little tasks that interrupt the start-to-finish workflow of a task. Common time consumers include reading emails, replying to emails, talking on the phone, customer service tasks, reporting finances or sales, errands, personal tasks, regular manual updates. Anything that gets repeated frequently.
Tim points out that whenever a task is interrupted, psychologically, it can date up to 45 minutes to resume that task. Stats suggest that 28% of your 9-5 working day is consumed by these interruptions.
The best approach to combatting these time-wasters is to wait until you have a large quantity of the task to do. E.g. wait until you have plenty of emails to read and reply to or multiple phone calls to make. This approach is called batching and is a great solution to let these tasks interrupt larger, more important work.
Empowerment failures are the third key interruption is cases where your approval is required in order for something to happen. When someone has to come to you before they can take the next step in their task. Or, in the case where you have to go to someone else before you can proceed with a task.
If people who you work with are unable to complete a task from start-to-finish without receiving permissions or further information, it becomes a case of empowerment failures. It’s commonly associated with micro-management which can be extremely time consuming.
As an employee, to be able to work as seamlessly as possible means having access to required information and having the ability to make as many decisions as possible.
As an entrepreneur, for everything to run as smoothly as possible you should provide your employees/contractors as much information as necessary and allow them the opportunity to make decisions without first asking permission.
If you feel you are in a position where you are being micro-managed, sit down with your boss and explain to them why you having more access to information and the ability to make decisions will benefit you both, by allowing you to be more productive and for your boss to have fewer interruptions.
Tim recommends getting a remote personal assistant when the time is right. It means that you can offload some of your work to them, it frees up your time to work on other things and gives you the opportunity to practice giving orders. It helps to set you up as a leader, it’s time you learned to be the boss.
Tim explains that it's not about the money but freeing up your time, allowing yourself the freedom to be creative and innovate rather than being caught up in mundane daily tasks.
It’s important to learn how to delegate well, to use it as a tool to reduce work rather than create more. Before you begin to delegate, it’s time to eliminate.
Tim explains that you shouldn’t ever automate something that could actually be eliminated altogether. And don’t delegate if the task can be automated. It’s not about wasting other people’s time. Their time is just as valuable as yours.
”Golden Rule #1: Each delegated task must be both time-consuming and well-defined.
Hire an assistant – regardless of whether or not you need one right now.
Identify which tasks on your to-do-list have been sitting there the longes. And identify any tasks that you currently do, that could be done by a virtual assistant. Every time you are interrupted or frustrated, is this where a VA could come in?
It’s key to synchronise your work with your VA, share calendars and schedules so you both know whats going on.
Tim moves on to discuss the next stage, you need a product to sell. Something that's either downloadable or shippable in order to help you eliminate the limitations of a per-hour-based model.
It’s much easier to tap into a current market, creating demand from scratch is hard. Don’t start with a product, then look for a customer. First, find the market, understand who the customer is, and create a product for them.
Identify what you already know, look at what social/professional/industry groups you belong to or have access to. You don’t have to learn something new.
Identify which of the groups you have access to have their own magazines/blogs.
The Main Benefit Should Be Encapsulated in One Sentence.
It Should Cost the Customer $50–200.
Aim for an 8–10x markup, which means a $100 product can’t cost more than $10–12.50.
It Should Take No More Than 3 to 4 Weeks to Manufacture.
Information products are low-cost, fast to manufacture, and time-consuming for competitors to duplicate. Consider that the top-selling non-information.
Best: Identify what the competition is, it’s your job to create a more compelling offer than whats currently out there. All you need is a simple website, just 1-3 pages, which correlates to 1-3 hours work. Things to consider to make your offer better than the competition are; more credibility indicators? Testimonials? A better guarantee? Better selection? Free/faster shipping?
Test: Test the offer using short Google Adwords advertising campaigns (three hours to set up and five days of passive observation).
Divest or Invest: Identify the losers and cut them out, manufacture the winner and get ready for sales.
One of the key steps in Tim’s process is that once you have a product (physical or online) you need to design your business in a way that it has the ability to essential run itself.
”1. Contract outsourcing companies that specialize in one function vs. freelancers whenever possible so that if someone is fired, quits, or doesn’t perform, you can replace them without interrupting your business. Hire trained groups of people who can provide detailed reporting and replace one another as needed.
Increase Investment. Get the company to invest in some training for you so the cost of losing you is greater.
Prove Increased Output Offsite. Call in sick, work from home and make it a super productive day.
Prepare the Quantifiable Business Benefit. Prepare your results so you can show the quantifiable benefit you gained from working at home.
Propose a Revocable Trial Period. Start with one day a week.
Expand Remote Time. Gradually work up to multiple days at home per week. Then eventually, full-time remote work.
It’s not permanent. Quitting a job doesn’t mean you’ll never have another job again. It’s temporary.
You will still be able to pay your bills. The objective of Tim’s process is that you will have some cash-flow prior to quitting your current job. You may need to eliminate some spending that is unnecessary in the short-term, but, if you’ve done it right, your bills will still be paid.
Your resume isn’t ruined forever. It’s actually a point of difference on your resume and you may get more interviews simply because you stand out from the crowd.
Tim tries to break the common assumption that you need to wait until the end of your career to embrace retirement. He suggests that rather than saving it all up for the end, you take mini-retirements throughout your life. Tim recommends that you relocate your life somewhere new for anywhere from 1 month to 6 months before you return to your home. The idea is that it’s not a holiday or an escape from your life, but just the continuation of your life in a new environment, an opportunity to assess your current lifestyle, eliminate the unnecessary. Keep it slow and relaxing, allowing yourself time to reflect and plan.
Tim explains that more often than not, people can be financially free and have the freedom of time, but still find themselves caught up in the highly-stressful and money-obsessed culture of materialistic businesses.
Consider your assets and cash-flow.
Identify your dream mini-retirement location.
Choose a realistic location for your mini-retirement.
Two months out – automate billing with credit cards.
One month out – redirect mail to a friend, test gotoPC.
Two weeks out – scan and store digital documents of key info e.g. Credit cards, ID and insurance documents. Downgrade phone plans.
One week out – decide on work schedule while you're away. Put other belongings into storage.
Two days out – store car, add thing to tank to store fuel, disconnect battery leads.
When you arrive – make booking to view apartments (one month only), go on bus/bike tours of the city.
But This Is What I Always Wanted! How Can I Be Bored?!
Something Tim suggests you do when traveling and on your mini-retirements is to learn something new. Decide to dedicate some time to a specific skill or activity, something you’ve always wanted to do but never had the time. Whether it be learning a new language or learning how to skateboard.
Losing sight of dreams and falling into work for work’s sake (W4W).
Chasing customers, particularly unqualified or international prospects, when you have sufficient cash flow to finance your nonfinancial pursuits.
Not performing a thorough 80/20 analysis every two to four weeks for your business and personal life.
Striving for endless perfection rather than great or simply good enough, whether in your personal or professional life.
Making non-time-sensitive issues urgent in order to justify work.
Viewing one product, job, or project as the end-all and be-all of your existence.
You need to be effective & efficient. Doing more and spending more time on tasks does not make them important.
Avoid the ‘interruptions’: time wasters, time consumers and empowerment failures.
Automation and delegation are key. Get a Virtual Assistant, even if you don’t think you need one yet.
When getting ready to create a product, find the market and the customer first, then create a product for the defined audience. Don’t come up with the product first.
Take mini-retirements throughout your life instead of saving it all up until the end.
Also by Tim Ferriss is Tools of Titans, Tools of Titans is a fantastic read and there really is something for everyone in this book. Broken up into three sections; healthy, wealthy and wise, author Tim Ferriss deconstructs the habits, routines and daily rituals of the world’s top performers.
Following Tim Ferriss life/work balance and the concept that you can work from anywhere, Remote: Office Not Required by Jason Fried and David Heinemeier Hansson is another excellent read and contribution to the new era of working. Remote: Office Not Required is an examination of the emerging trend of remote working. They discuss the benefits of working remotely for both the employer and employee while examining common excuses. Remote offers plenty of advice on how to get your company started on having remote employees and also advice on how to manage your work if you are a remote employee. A great all-around guide to the new way to work!
Another great book for budding entrepreneurs and anyone looking to start a business is The Lean Startup by Eric Ries. The Lean Startup defines a scientific methodology for running startups and launching new products. This new approach has been adopted around the world within startups and established organisations. Regardless of your role or company size, this is a must-read for entrepreneurs, marketers, developers and business leaders.
Identify how much of your current routine/job you can automate, delegate or eliminate. Streamline as much as possible to free up some time.
Plan a mini-retirement, establish what you need to do to make it happen and book it in.
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2019-04-23T04:48:39Z
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There is a need to identify an inexpensive, effective method to prevent postoperative adhesion formation. The objective of this study was to create a novel model for studying omentum as a pelvic adhesion barrier.
Randomized, prospective, controlled surgical intervention with serial follow-up in 16 female rabbits at a University-based Center for Comparative Medicine. Interventions included bilateral hysterotomy incision and repair. The left hysterotomy was randomized into coverage with an omental flap or graft; the right hysterotomy remained uncovered. Adhesions were scored via laparoscopy on postoperative days 2, 4, 8, and 12; postmortem evaluation and scoring took place on postoperative day 16. Statistical tests consisted of Kappa tests of agreement between adhesion scorers and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests for the comparison of adhesion scores by intervention arm and by uterine horn.
All omental flaps and grafts survived. The only significant difference in mean adhesion scores was seen in non-hysterotomy-associated adhesions, where grafts had a lower score than flaps (p = 0.03).
Survival of all omental flaps and grafts demonstrates that this is a practical model for studying omentum as a pelvic adhesion barrier. Determining the efficacy of omentum as a pelvic adhesion barrier will require further investigation.
Every experienced surgeon has encountered adhesions in the operating room. Adhesions vary histologically and may be filmy, dense, vascular or avascular. The presence of adhesions intraoperatively often mandates extensive adhesiolysis for completion of many obstetric and gynecologic procedures. Furthermore, adhesions are a significant cause of morbidity including infertility, chronic pain, and bowel obstruction. Significant data have been published with regard to the use of various methods of adhesion prevention, including peritoneal infusions and synthetic adhesion barriers. These data have demonstrated variable success in reducing adhesion formation, and many of these methodologies are associated with significant financial costs. Therefore, there is still a need to identify an inexpensive, effective method to prevent adhesion formation.
Omentum is an intra-abdominal fold of visceral peritoneum that is easily accessible during pelvic surgery and has the potential to be an excellent barrier to prevent adhesions . Omental tissue has already been successfully used in thoracic , oncologic [3–7], vascular [2, 8], general [9, 10], and reconstructive surgery . Its unique characteristics include high concentrations of thromboplastin for hemostasis [2, 11] and a trophic effect on surrounding tissues, allowing a free graft to survive in the peritoneal cavity. The omentum also possesses extensive vascularity and is capable of rapid angiogenesis and capillary ingrowth [12, 13]. Moreover, affixing omentum to denuded surfaces of canine bowel and bladder has been shown to prevent scarring and adhesion formation .
Free omental grafts have been useful also as vascular patches in animals . When utilized for this purpose, they do not retain their native vascular supply after transposition but have been observed to establish vascular communications with pericardium and various peritoneal structures by quickly invading pleural and serosal surfaces . Graft size is important, though; studies have shown marked necrosis of larger grafts and minimal necrosis of thin grafts in canines after four days . Pedicled omental flaps do maintain their blood supply, thus decreasing the potential for ischemic necrosis. In humans, flaps have even been used to cover and strengthen intestinal and colonic anastomoses [14, 16], in breast reconstruction [9, 10], and to reduce complications after pelvic lymphadenectomy . Yet the use of omentum in gynecologic, specifically uterine, surgery has not been well-investigated. Therefore, the primary purpose of this pilot study was to develop an animal model that can be used to study the utility of the omentum in pelvic surgery. Secondarily, we wanted to investigate the effectiveness of two different omentum-derived adhesion barriers, an autologous free omental graft and a pedicled omental flap, in the prevention of postoperative adhesions.
This was a randomized, prospective, controlled surgical intervention with serial follow-up conducted at a University-based Center for Comparative Medicine. Based on an established animal model , we obtained sixteen sexually mature New Zealand white rabbits weighing 4-5 kg from a commercial source (Burleson Enterprises, Inc., Unionville, Virginia). The rabbits were observed for six days to allow for acclimation and assessment of health. The animals were maintained on a Teklad Global 2031 high-fiber rabbit diet (Harlan, Madison, Wisconsin) and water ad libitum. Approval for the study was obtained from the Animal Care and Use Committee and the Institutional Review Board at the University of Virginia Health System (Protocol #3781).
Each rabbit underwent adhesion induction surgery, the day of which was denoted as postoperative day 0. A 5 cm vertical midline infraumbilical incision was made through epidermis, subcutaneous and mammary tissue, fascia, rectus muscle and peritoneum until the peritoneal cavity was entered. The uterus was then identified and exteriorized. Electrocautery was used to make a 3 cm incision in both uterine horns, and each hysterotomy was repaired with 2–0 Vicryl suture (Ethicon Inc., Cornelia, Georgia) in a baseball stitch (Figure 1A). The right uterine horn served as the control in every rabbit. Thus, there was no omental covering over the right hysterotomy site, and it was returned to the abdomen immediately after repair of the hysterotomy. The left uterine horn in each rabbit was randomized into one of two intervention groups: coverage with an autologous free omental graft or with a pedicled omental flap. The omentum was gently pulled down from the upper abdomen and exteriorized. Then, using electrocautery, an approximately 2 cm incision was made from the right omental edge toward the midline only crossing one major artery to include adequate vasculature in the flap (Figure 1B). After the initial incision was made, the flap was rotated and sutured over the hysterotomy with seven interrupted stitches of 4–0 Monocryl (Ethicon) in a fashion that adequately covered the hysterotomy without creating tension on the omentum (Figure 1C). For the free omental graft, electrocautery was used across the inferior edge of the omentum to create an approximately 2 cm x 0.5 cm unattached piece of omentum; then this graft was placed over the hysterotomy and secured with seven interrupted stitches using 4–0 Monocryl (Figure 1D). The intervention horn was then returned to the pelvis. The hysterotomy and its repair as well as the creation and attachment to the uterus of both flaps and grafts was performed by the same surgeon (APB). We ensured that there was no tension on horns with flaps prior to closure. The fascia and rectus muscle were reapproximated in a running full-thickness stitch using 2–0 Vicryl suture. The skin was closed with 4–0 Vicryl suture with a running subcuticular stitch, and the knot was buried.
Adhesion induction surgery. A. Hysterotomy repair. B. Creation of the omental flap. C. Omental flap attached to uterine horn. D. Omental graft attached to uterine horn.
Every rabbit was randomly assigned a unique numerical identifier, which was used to distinguish each animal throughout the study. For the adhesion induction and scoring surgeries, the investigators were blinded to each rabbit’s identity and intervention group.
The rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, A and B, both of which underwent identical adhesion induction surgeries; half of each group had flaps, and half had grafts. Group A underwent look-back laparoscopy on postoperative days 2 and 8, while Group B underwent look-back procedures on postoperative days 4 and 12. This system was created to minimize the number of surgeries for each rabbit. Laparoscopies were performed using a 10 mm scope (Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) via a single 12 mm supraumbilical (on the first laparoscopy) or left upper quadrant port (on the second laparoscopy) placed using an open technique. Laparoscopy was selected for look-back procedures to reduce the risk for additional adhesion formation from the look-back procedure itself . Separate sites were used for the first and second laparoscopies in each animal to avoid damage to internal structures that might be adherent to the first laparoscopic site, a technique used in humans. A pneumoperitoneum was created using CO2 gas at 2 L/min flow until an intraabdominal pressure of 5-6 mmHg was obtained. Trendelenburg positioning allowed for easy viewing of each uterine horn and hysterotomy site. Adhesions were scored using a modified version of the system designed by Fiedler et al. (Table 1) without including the tenacity scale in order to avoid adhesiolysis during the look-back surgeries. Scoring was done independently by two or three present surgeons (APB, AKS, DWS), and images were captured for scoring by the third surgeon when not present so that all animals had three adhesion scores averaged to determine the mean visual adhesion score.
All surgeries were performed under sterile conditions after shaving and prepping the animals. Anesthesia consisted of ketamine 50 mg/kg (100 mg/mL; Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, Iowa) and xylazine 5 mg/kg (20 mg/mL; Butler Schein Animal Health, Dublin, Ohio) administered intramuscularly. Rabbits were masked with 100% oxygen during the procedure and monitored for hyperventilation and hypoxia. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane to effect. Each rabbit received antibiotic prophylaxis consisting of 22.7 mg of enrofloxacin (Bayer, Shawnee Mission, Kansas) prior to and two days after each surgery for infection prophylaxis. Rabbits were also given 0.05 mg/kg buprenorphine subcutaneously before surgery, two hours post-surgery, and twice daily for two days post-surgery to provide adequate analgesia. During look-back procedures, rabbits were given the same dosage of buprenorphine before and after the procedure along with morning and evening doses on postoperative day one. At the conclusion of each surgery, all incision sites were infiltrated with 1 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine for sustained analgesia.
On postoperative day 16, rabbits were anesthetized with 2 mL ketamine (100 mg/mL) and 1 mL xylazine (20 mg/mL) intramuscularly, and then euthanized using 1 mL of 390 mg/mL pentobarbital sodium (Virbac AH Inc., Fort Worth, Texas) by intravenous or intracardiac injection. Postmortem laparotomy and thorough inspection of the abdominal and pelvic organs for adhesion formation was performed. Again, adhesions were scored using the system designed by Fiedler et al. (Table 1), this time additionally utilizing the tenacity scale (Table 2). As before, scoring was done independently by the two or three present surgeons, and images were captured for scoring by the third surgeon when not present. All scores were averaged together to create a mean visual adhesion score and mean tenacity score.
Statistical tests consisted of Kappa tests of agreement between adhesion scorers and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests for the comparison of adhesion scores by intervention arm and by uterine horn. The statistical analysis used an alpha level of 0.05, and all analyses were conducted with SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina).
At the time of each laparoscopic look-back and at the postmortem evaluation, all flaps and grafts were noted to survive based on appearance. All flaps and grafts appeared well vascularized without discoloration or concern for tissue ischemia or necrosis. All sixteen rabbits survived every surgery, and there were very few complications. Postoperatively, one rabbit was given a single dose of 10 mg ketoprofen subcutaneously to treat additional postoperative pain, the experience of which was determined by direct observation of the rabbit. Interestingly, this rabbit had a right uterine horn that was found at the initial hysterotomy procedure to be filled with a milky fluid, but the subject remained afebrile throughout the acclimation and experimental periods. Also postoperatively, another rabbit had a ventral hernia with an associated seroma requiring a repair and look-back via laparotomy instead of laparoscopy. The data from this rabbit were discarded secondary to our concern that the adhesion formation process was compromised by the hernia and repair.
For the rabbits with omental flaps, the mean adhesion score for the right (control) uterine horn was 0.38 (sd 1.0, range 0–2.67) versus 0 (sd 0, range 0–0) in the left (intervention) horn, which was not statistically different (p = 0.32). For the rabbits with free omental grafts, the mean adhesion score for the control uterine horn was 1.33 (sd 2.0, range 0–5) versus 0.6 (sd 1.2, range 0–3) for the intervention uterine horn, which also was not statistically different (p = 1.00). There was no statistical difference between the adhesion scores of the flap and graft control horns (p = 0.26, Kruskal-Wallis test). There was no statistical difference between the adhesion scores of the flap and graft intervention horns (p = 0.17) (Figure 2). The absolute difference between the horns (average control uterine horn adhesion score minus average intervention uterine horn adhesion score) did not differ when comparing the flap group to the graft group on any postoperative day: 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16.
Visual adhesion scores. Visual adhesion scores by location and intervention at postmortem evaluation.
Relative to non-horn-associated adhesions in the abdomen, the rabbits with free omental grafts had no adhesions, while the rabbits with omental flaps had a mean abdominal adhesion score of 1.38 (sd 2.36, range 0–5). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.03, Kruskal-Wallis) (Figure 2).
There were eight adhesions in six of the rabbits. The tenacity scores are graphed in Figure 3 by adhesion location (intervention horn, control horn, or non-horn-associated adhesion) and intervention group (flap or graft) for each adhesion. The mean tenacity score of the adhesions with omental flaps was 3.0 (sd 0, range 3–3) versus 2.2 with free omental grafts (sd 0.8, range 1–3); this was not statistically different (p = 0.12).
Tenacity scores. Tenacity scores of each adhesion by location and intervention at postmortem evaluation.
The agreement between the three adhesion scorers was at least “substantial” and “almost perfect” between two of the observers . The kappa score ranged from 0.70 (95% CI 0.41–0.99) to 1.0 (95% CI 1.0–1.0) for the right uterine horn and was 1.0 (95% CI 1.0–1.0) for the left uterine horn.
The primary purpose of this pilot study was to test an animal model for the study of the omentum in pelvic adhesion prevention. We anticipated that the omental interventions might undergo necrosis and form severe adhesions, grafts more so than flaps due to absence of native blood supply. On the contrary, all omental grafts and flaps survived; therefore, this is a practical model for the study of omentum in pelvic adhesion prevention.
The secondary objective of this investigation was to compare autologous free omental grafts to pedicled omental flaps. There was no significant difference in adhesion scores between intervention and control horns or between flap and graft subjects at the hysterotomy site. There was also no significant difference in average tenacity scores of all adhesions in subjects with flaps versus those with grafts. As this was a pilot study, it was not powered to detect small differences between groups. Yet, we did see significantly fewer non-horn-associated adhesions in rabbits with free omental grafts versus those with omental flaps. If this decrease in general abdominal adhesions were to hold true in women, it would be equally as important since both fertility and operative abdominal entry can be affected by adhesions not directly attached to the uterus.
We did see a large variation in adhesion formation in the control group. This could likely be corrected if the adhesion induction surgery was performed via laparoscopy to decrease adhesions that form due to the laparotomy instead of solely from the hysterotomy.
With few rabbits forming adhesions, we are not able to say that the intervention was beneficial; but this pilot study provides a novel model with which to study the role of the omentum in pelvic adhesion prevention. The strengths of this study include its prospective nature and randomization of rabbits into intervention group. Also, the method used for hysterotomy creation mimics the procedure utilized for cesarean section hysterotomy and abdominal myomectomy, common gynecologic procedures that are known to induce adhesions. Furthermore, we had blinded adhesion scorers, used a previously validated scoring system, and our interrater agreement was substantial. The use of laparoscopy for adhesion monitoring instead of laparotomy decreased the potential for adhesion formation after the initial adhesion induction surgery; and finally, we were able to perform a thorough evaluation of the pelvis at the time of autopsy.
The primary weakness of the study is the low number of adhesions available to be scored. Future studies could incorporate more hysterotomy sites or additional thermal damage by electrocautery to induce further adhesion formation. Most adhesion formation should occur within 14 days postoperatively, so the length of the study should not be considered a weakness. Our data fit this since we did not see a significant increase in the number or severity of adhesions throughout the sixteen days.
Adhesions are a known source of both short-term and long-term morbidity, and the current barrier methods for their prevention are costly and not optimally effective. In addition, some barriers are known to increase the formation of adhesions if hemostasis is not maintained. Omentum is readily available, easy to apply, noninflammatory, and inexpensive with the added ability to contain foreign matter and microbes, yet it has not been fully investigated for its potential to prevent pelvic adhesions. The survival of all flaps and grafts demonstrates that this rabbit model is an effective method for studying the omentum as a pelvic adhesion barrier. The significantly lower number of non-uterine adhesions seen with the omental grafts as compared to the flaps suggests that grafts may be a superior methodology. Future studies with a larger number of rabbits and more adhesiogenic methods should be undertaken to fully elucidate the ability of omentum to prevent pelvic adhesions.
The data sets supporting the results of this article are included within the article where they are cited and then listed in the references section.
Each author has 1) made substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, and analysis and interpretation of data; 2) been involved in drafting the manuscript and revising it critically for important intellectual content; 3) given final approval of the version to be published; and 4) agrees to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors wish to thank James Patrie for his data analysis assistance and Jeremy Gatesman and Gina Wimer for their excellent animal care.
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2019-04-23T12:46:00Z
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https://fertilityresearchandpractice.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2054-7099-1-3
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The impact of the war on the United States was nowhere near as devastating as it was in Europe and the Pacific, where the battles were waged, but it still profoundly changed everyday life for all Americans. On the positive side, the war effort finally and definitively ended the economic depression that had been plaguing the country since 1929. It also called upon Americans to unite behind the war effort and give of their money, their time, and their effort, as they sacrificed at home to assure success abroad. The upheaval caused by white men leaving for war meant that for many disenfranchised groups, such as women and African Americans, there were new opportunities in employment and wage earning. Still, fear and racism drove cracks in the nation’s unified facade.
Although the United States had sought to avoid armed conflict, the country was not entirely unprepared for war. Production of armaments had increased since 1939, when, as a result of Congress’s authorization of the Cash and Carry policy, contracts for weapons had begun to trickle into American factories. War production increased further following the passage of Lend Lease in 1941. However, when the United States entered the war, the majority of American factories were still engaged in civilian production, and many doubted that American businesses would be sufficiently motivated to convert their factories to wartime production.
Just a few years earlier, Roosevelt had been frustrated and impatient with business leaders when they failed to fully support the New Deal, but enlisting industrialists in the nation’s crusade was necessary if the United States was to produce enough armaments to win the war. To encourage cooperation, the government agreed to assume all costs of development and production, and also guarantee a profit on the sale of what was produced. This arrangement resulted in 233 to 350 percent increases in profits over what the same businesses had been able to achieve from 1937 to 1940. In terms of dollars earned, corporate profits rose from $6.4 billion in 1940 to nearly $11 billion in 1944. As the country switched to wartime production, the top one hundred U.S. corporations received approximately 70 percent of government contracts; big businesses prospered.
In addition to gearing up industry to fight the war, the country also needed to build an army. A peacetime draft, the first in American history, had been established in September 1940, but the initial draftees were to serve for only one year, a length of time that was later extended. Furthermore, Congress had specified that no more than 900,000 men could receive military training at any one time. By December 1941, the United States had only one division completely ready to be deployed. Military planners estimated that it might take nine million men to secure victory. A massive draft program was required to expand the nation’s military forces. Over the course of the war, approximately fifty million men registered for the draft; ten million were subsequently inducted into the service.
First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt insisted on flying with an African American pilot to help fight racism in the military. The First Lady was famous for her support of civil rights.
Approximately 2.5 million African Americans registered for the draft, and 1 million of them subsequently served. Initially, African American soldiers, who served in segregated units, had been used as support troops and not been sent into combat. By the end of the war, however, manpower needs resulted in African American recruits serving in the infantry and flying planes. The Tuskegee Institute in Alabama had instituted a civilian pilot training program for aspiring African American pilots. When the war began, the Department of War absorbed the program and adapted it to train combat pilots. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt demonstrated both her commitment to African Americans and the war effort by visiting Tuskegee in 1941, shortly after the unit had been organized. To encourage the military to give the airmen a chance to serve in actual combat, she insisted on taking a ride in a plane flown by an African American pilot to demonstrate the Tuskegee Airmen’s skill. When the Tuskegee Airmen did get their opportunity to serve in combat, they did so with distinction.
In addition, forty-four thousand Native Americans served in all theaters of the war. In some of the Pacific campaigns, Native Americans made distinct and unique contributions to Allied victories. Navajo marines served in communications units, exchanging information over radios using codes based on their native language, which the Japanese were unable to comprehend or to crack. They became known as code talkers and participated in the battles of Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Peleliu, and Tarawa. A smaller number of Comanche code talkers performed a similar function in the European theater.
While millions of Americans heeded the rallying cry for patriotism and service, there were those who, for various reasons, did not accept the call. Before the war began, American Peace Mobilization had campaigned against American involvement in the European conflict as had the noninterventionist America First organization. Both groups ended their opposition, however, at the time of the German invasion of the Soviet Union and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, respectively. Nevertheless, during the war, some seventy-two thousand men registered as conscientious objectors (COs), and fifty-two thousand were granted that status. Of that fifty-two thousand, some accepted noncombat roles in the military, whereas others accepted unpaid work in civilian work camps. Many belonged to pacifist religious sects such as the Quakers or Mennonites. They were willing to serve their country, but they refused to kill. COs suffered public condemnation for disloyalty, and family members often turned against them. Strangers assaulted them. A portion of the town of Plymouth, NH, was destroyed by fire because the residents did not want to call upon the services of the COs trained as firemen at a nearby camp. Only a very small number of men evaded the draft completely.
Dwight D. Eisenhower rose quickly through the ranks to become commander of the European Theater of Operations by June 1942.
Most Americans, however, were willing to serve, and they required a competent officer corps. The very same day that Germany invaded Poland in 1939, President Roosevelt promoted George C. Marshall, a veteran of World War I and an expert at training officers, from a one-star general to a four-star general, and gave him the responsibility of serving as Army Chief of Staff. The desire to create a command staff that could win the army’s confidence no doubt contributed to the rather meteoric rise of Dwight D. Eisenhower. During World War I, Eisenhower had been assigned to organize America’s new tank corps, and, although he never saw combat during the war, he demonstrated excellent organizational skills. When the United States entered World War II, Eisenhower was appointed commander of the General European Theater of Operations in June 1942.
Promoted to the level of one-star general just before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Dwight D. Eisenhower had never held an active command position above the level of a battalion and was not considered a potential commander of major military operations. However, after he was assigned to the General Staff in Washington, DC, he quickly rose through the ranks and, by late 1942, was appointed commander of the North African campaign.
Excerpts from General Eisenhower’s diary reveal his dedication to the war effort. He continued to work despite suffering a great personal loss.
General McNaughton (commanding Canadians in Britain) came to see me. He believes in attacking in Europe (thank God). He’s over here in an effort to speed up landing craft production and cargo ships. Has some d___ good ideas. Sent him to see Somervell and Admiral Land. How I hope he can do something on landing craft.
Father dies this morning. Nothing I can do but send a wire.
One thing that might help win this war is to get someone to shoot [Admiral] King. He’s the antithesis of cooperation, a deliberately rude person, which means he’s a mental bully. He became Commander in Chief of the fleet some time ago. Today he takes over, also Stark’s job as chief of naval operations. It’s a good thing to get rid of the double head in the navy, and of course Stark was just a nice old lady, but this fellow is going to cause a blow-up sooner or later, I’ll bet a cookie.
Gradually some of the people with whom I have to deal are coming to agree with me that there are just three “musts” for the Allies this year: hold open the line to England and support her as necessary, keep Russia in the war as an active participant; hold the India-Middle East buttress between Japs and Germans. All this assumes the safety from major attack of North America, Hawaii, and Caribbean area.
We lost eight cargo ships yesterday. That we must stop, because any effort we make depends upon sea communication.
I have felt terribly. I should like so much to be with my Mother these few days. But we’re at war. And war is not soft, it has no time to indulge even the deepest and most sacred emotions. I loved my Dad. I think my Mother the finest person I’ve ever known. She has been the inspiration for Dad’s life and a true helpmeet in every sense of the word.
I’m quitting work now, 7:30 p.m. I haven’t the heart to go on tonight.
What does Eisenhower identify as the most important steps to take to win the war?
Even before the official beginning of the war, the country started to prepare. In August 1940, Congress created the Defense Plant Corporation, which had built 344 plants in the West by 1945, and had funneled over $1.8 billion into the economies of western states. After Pearl Harbor, as American military strategists began to plan counterattacks and campaigns against the Axis powers, California became a training ground. Troops trained there for tank warfare and amphibious assaults as well as desert campaigns—since the first assault against the Axis powers was planned for North Africa.
As thousands of Americans swarmed to the West Coast to take jobs in defense plants and shipyards, cities like Richmond, California, and nearby Oakland, expanded quickly. Richmond grew from a city of 20,000 people to 100,000 in only three years. Almost overnight, the population of California skyrocketed. African Americans moved out of the rural South into northern or West Coast cities to provide the muscle and skill to build the machines of war. Building on earlier waves of African American migration after the Civil War and during World War I, the demographics of the nation changed with the growing urbanization of the African American population. Women also relocated to either follow their husbands to military bases or take jobs in the defense industry, as the total mobilization of the national economy began to tap into previously underemployed populations.
Roosevelt and his administration already had experience in establishing government controls and taking the initiative in economic matters during the Depression. In April 1941, Roosevelt created the Office of Price Administration (OPA), and, once the United States entered the war, the OPA regulated prices and attempted to combat inflation. The OPA ultimately had the power to set ceiling prices for all goods, except agricultural commodities, and to ration a long list of items. During the war, major labor unions pledged not to strike in order to prevent disruptions in production; in return, the government encouraged businesses to recognize unions and promised to help workers bargain for better wages.
As in World War I, the government turned to bond drives to finance the war. Millions of Americans purchased more than $185 billion worth of war bonds. Children purchased Victory Stamps and exchanged full stamp booklets for bonds. The federal government also instituted the current tax-withholding system to ensure collection of taxes. Finally, the government once again urged Americans to plant victory gardens, using marketing campaigns and celebrities to promote the idea. Americans responded eagerly, planting gardens in their backyards and vacant lots.
Wartime rationing meant that Americans had to do without many everyday items and learn to grow their own produce in order to allow the country’s food supply to go to the troops.
The federal government also instituted rationing to ensure that America’s fighting men were well fed. Civilians were issued ration booklets, books of coupons that enabled them to buy limited amounts of meat, coffee, butter, sugar, and other foods. Wartime cookbooks were produced, such as the Betty Crocker cookbook Your Share, telling housewives how to prepare tasty meals without scarce food items. Other items were rationed as well, including shoes, liquor, cigarettes, and gasoline. With a few exceptions, such as doctors, Americans were allowed to drive their automobiles only on certain days of the week. Most Americans complied with these regulations, but some illegally bought and sold rationed goods on the black market.
View an excerpt from a PBS documentary on rationing during World War II.
Civilians on the home front also recycled, conserved, and participated in scrap drives to collect items needed for the production of war materiel. Housewives saved cooking fats, needed to produce explosives. Children collected scrap metal, paper, rubber, silk, nylon, and old rags. Some children sacrificed beloved metal toys in order to “win the war.” Civilian volunteers, trained to recognize enemy aircraft, watched the skies along the coasts and on the borders.
As in the previous war, the gap in the labor force created by departing soldiers meant opportunities for women. In particular, World War II led many to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. For many women, these jobs provided unprecedented opportunities to move into occupations previously thought of as exclusive to men, especially the aircraft industry, where a majority of workers were composed of women by 1943. Most women in the labor force did not work in the defense industry, however. The majority took over other factory jobs that had been held by men. Many took positions in offices as well. As white women, many of whom had been in the workforce before the war, moved into these more highly paid positions, African American women, most of whom had previously been limited to domestic service, took over white women’s lower-paying positions in factories; some were also hired by defense plants, however. Although women often earned more money than ever before, it was still far less than men received for doing the same jobs. Nevertheless, many achieved a degree of financial self-reliance that was enticing. By 1944, as many as 33 percent of the women working in the defense industries were mothers and worked “double-day” shifts—one at the plant and one at home.
Still, there was some resistance to women going to work in such a male-dominated environment. In order to recruit women for factory jobs, the government created a propaganda campaign centered on a now-iconic figure known as Rosie the Riveter. Rosie, who was a composite based on several real women, was most famously depicted by American illustrator Norman Rockwell. Rosie was tough yet feminine. To reassure men that the demands of war would not make women too masculine, some factories gave female employees lessons in how to apply makeup, and cosmetics were never rationed during the war. Elizabeth Arden even created a special red lipstick for use by women reservists in the Marine Corps.
“Rosie the Riveter” became a generic term for all women working in the defense industry. Although the Rosie depicted on posters was white, many of the real Rosies were African American, such as this woman who poses atop an airplane at the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation in Burbank, California (a), and Anna Bland, a worker at the Richmond Shipyards (b).
Although many saw the entry of women into the workforce as a positive thing, they also acknowledged that working women, especially mothers, faced great challenges. To try to address the dual role of women as workers and mothers, Eleanor Roosevelt urged her husband to approve the first U.S. government childcare facilities under the Community Facilities Act of 1942. Eventually, seven centers, servicing 105,000 children, were built. The First Lady also urged industry leaders like Henry Kaiser to build model childcare facilities for their workers. Still, these efforts did not meet the full need for childcare for working mothers.
The lack of childcare facilities meant that many children had to fend for themselves after school, and some had to assume responsibility for housework and the care of younger siblings. Some mothers took younger children to work with them and left them locked in their cars during the workday. Police and social workers also reported an increase in juvenile delinquency during the war. New York City saw its average number of juvenile cases balloon from 9,500 in the prewar years to 11,200 during the war. In San Diego, delinquency rates for girls, including sexual misbehavior, shot up by 355 percent. It is unclear whether more juveniles were actually engaging in delinquent behavior; the police may simply have become more vigilant during wartime and arrested youngsters for activities that would have gone overlooked before the war. In any event, law enforcement and juvenile courts attributed the perceived increase to a lack of supervision by working mothers.
Tens of thousands of women served in the war effort more directly. Approximately 350,000 joined the military. They worked as nurses, drove trucks, repaired airplanes, and performed clerical work to free up men for combat. Those who joined the Women’s Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs) flew planes from the factories to military bases. Some of these women were killed in combat and captured as prisoners of war. Over sixteen hundred of the women nurses received various decorations for courage under fire. Many women also flocked to work in a variety of civil service jobs. Others worked as chemists and engineers, developing weapons for the war. This included thousands of women who were recruited to work on the Manhattan Project, developing the atomic bomb.
During the Great Depression, movies had served as a welcome diversion from the difficulties of everyday life, and during the war, this held still truer. By 1941, there were more movie theaters than banks in the United States. In the 1930s, newsreels, which were shown in movie theaters before feature films, had informed the American public of what was happening elsewhere in the world. This interest grew once American armies began to engage the enemy. Many informational documentaries about the war were also shown in movie theaters. The most famous were those in the Why We Fight series, filmed by Hollywood director Frank Capra. During the war, Americans flocked to the movies not only to learn what was happening to the troops overseas but also to be distracted from the fears and hardships of wartime by cartoons, dramas, and comedies. By 1945, movie attendance had reached an all-time high.
This link shows newsreel footage of a raid on Tarawa Island. This footage was shown in movie theaters around the country.
Many feature films were patriotic stories that showed the day’s biggest stars as soldiers fighting the nefarious German and Japanese enemy. During the war years, there was a consistent supply of patriotic movies, with actors glorifying and inspiring America’s fighting men. John Wayne, who had become a star in the 1930s, appeared in many war-themed movies, including The Fighting Seabees and Back to Bataan.
Besides appearing in patriotic movies, many male entertainers temporarily gave up their careers to serve in the armed forces. Jimmy Stewart served in the Army Air Force and appeared in a short film entitled Winning Your Wings that encouraged young men to enlist. Tyrone Power joined the U.S. Marines. Female entertainers did their part as well. Rita Hayworth and Marlene Dietrich entertained the troops. African American singer and dancer Josephine Baker entertained Allied troops in North Africa and also carried secret messages for the French Resistance. Actress Carole Lombard was killed in a plane crash while returning home from a rally where she had sold war bonds.
General George Marshall awards Frank Capra the Distinguished Service Cross in 1945 (a), in recognition of the important contribution that Capra’s films made to the war effort. Jimmy Stewart was awarded numerous commendations for his military service, including the French Croix de Guerre (b).
E. B. White was one of the most famous writers of the twentieth century. During the 1940s, he was known for the articles that he contributed to The New Yorker and the column that he wrote for Harper’s Magazine. Today, he is remembered for his children’s books Stuart Little and Charlotte’s Web, and for his collaboration with William Strunk, Jr., The Elements of Style, a guide to writing. In 1943, he wrote a definition of democracy as an example of what Americans hoped that they were fighting for.
We received a letter from the Writer’s War Board the other day asking for a statement on ‘The Meaning of Democracy.’ It presumably is our duty to comply with such a request, and it is certainly our pleasure. Surely the Board knows what democracy is. It is the line that forms on the right. It is the ‘don’t’ in don’t shove. It is the hole in the stuffed shirt through which the sawdust slowly trickles; it is the dent in the high hat. Democracy is the recurrent suspicion that more than half of the people are right more than half of the time. It is the feeling of privacy in the voting booths, the feeling of communion in the libraries, the feeling of vitality everywhere. Democracy is a letter to the editor. Democracy is the score at the beginning of the ninth. It is an idea that hasn’t been disproved yet, a song the words of which have not gone bad. It is the mustard on the hot dog and the cream in the rationed coffee. Democracy is a request from a War Board, in the middle of the morning in the middle of a war, wanting to know what democracy is.
Do you agree with this definition of democracy? Would you change anything to make it more contemporary?
The need for Americans to come together, whether in Hollywood, the defense industries, or the military, to support the war effort encouraged feelings of unity among the American population. However, the desire for unity did not always mean that Americans of color were treated as equals or even tolerated, despite their proclamations of patriotism and their willingness to join in the effort to defeat America’s enemies in Europe and Asia. For African Americans, Mexican Americans, and especially for Japanese Americans, feelings of patriotism and willingness to serve one’s country both at home and abroad was not enough to guarantee equal treatment by white Americans or to prevent the U.S. government from regarding them as the enemy.
The African American community had, at the outset of the war, forged some promising relationships with the Roosevelt administration through civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune and Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet” of African American advisors. Through the intervention of Eleanor Roosevelt, Bethune was appointed to the advisory council set up by the War Department Women’s Interest Section. In this position, Bethune was able to organize the first officer candidate school for women and enable African American women to become officers in the Women’s Auxiliary Corps.
As the U.S. economy revived as a result of government defense contracts, African Americans wanted to ensure that their service to the country earned them better opportunities and more equal treatment. Accordingly, in 1942, after African American labor leader A. Philip Randolph pressured Roosevelt with a threatened “March on Washington,” the president created, by Executive Order 8802, the Fair Employment Practices Committee. The purpose of this committee was to see that there was no discrimination in the defense industries. While they were effective in forcing defense contractors, such as the DuPont Corporation, to hire African Americans, they were not able to force corporations to place African Americans in well-paid positions. For example, at DuPont’s plutonium production plant in Hanford, Washington, African Americans were hired as low-paid construction workers but not as laboratory technicians.
During World War II, African Americans volunteered for government work just as white Americans did. These Washington, DC, residents have become civil defense workers as part of the Double V campaign that called for victory at home and abroad.
During the war, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), founded by James Farmer in 1942, used peaceful civil disobedience in the form of sit-ins to desegregate certain public spaces in Washington, DC, and elsewhere, as its contribution to the war effort. Members of CORE sought support for their movement by stating that one of their goals was to deprive the enemy of the ability to generate anti-American propaganda by accusing the United States of racism. After all, they argued, if the United States were going to denounce Germany and Japan for abusing human rights, the country should itself be as exemplary as possible. Indeed, CORE’s actions were in keeping with the goals of the Double V campaign that was begun in 1942 by the Pittsburgh Courier, the largest African American newspaper at the time. The campaign called upon African Americans to accomplish the two “Vs”: victory over America’s foreign enemies and victory over racism in the United States.
Despite the willingness of African Americans to fight for the United States, racial tensions often erupted in violence, as the geographic relocation necessitated by the war brought African Americans into closer contact with whites. There were race riots in Detroit, Harlem, and Beaumont, Texas, in which white residents responded with sometimes deadly violence to their new black coworkers or neighbors. There were also racial incidents at or near several military bases in the South. Incidents of African American soldiers being harassed or assaulted occurred at Fort Benning, Georgia; Fort Jackson, South Carolina; Alexandria, Louisiana; Fayetteville, Arkansas; and Tampa, Florida. African American leaders such as James Farmer and Walter White, the executive secretary of the NAACP since 1931, were asked by General Eisenhower to investigate complaints of the mistreatment of African American servicemen while on active duty. They prepared a fourteen-point memorandum on how to improve conditions for African Americans in the service, sowing some of the seeds of the postwar civil rights movement during the war years.
Mexican Americans also encountered racial prejudice. The Mexican American population in Southern California grew during World War II due to the increased use of Mexican agricultural workers in the fields to replace the white workers who had left for better paying jobs in the defense industries. The United States and Mexican governments instituted the “bracero” program on August 4, 1942, which sought to address the needs of California growers for manual labor to increase food production during wartime. The result was the immigration of thousands of impoverished Mexicans into the United States to work as braceros, or manual laborers.
Forced by racial discrimination to live in the barrios of East Los Angeles, many Mexican American youths sought to create their own identity and began to adopt a distinctive style of dress known as zoot suits, which were also popular among many young African American men. The zoot suits, which required large amounts of cloth to produce, violated wartime regulations that restricted the amount of cloth that could be used in civilian garments. Among the charges leveled at young Mexican Americans was that they were un-American and unpatriotic; wearing zoot suits was seen as evidence of this. Many native-born Americans also denounced Mexican American men for being unwilling to serve in the military, even though some 350,000 Mexican Americans either volunteered to serve or were drafted into the armed services. In the summer of 1943, “zoot-suit riots” occurred in Los Angeles when carloads of white sailors, encouraged by other white civilians, stripped and beat a group of young men wearing the distinctive form of dress. In retaliation, young Mexican American men attacked and beat up sailors. The response was swift and severe, as sailors and civilians went on a spree attacking young Mexican Americans on the streets, in bars, and in movie theaters. More than one hundred people were injured.
Japanese Americans also suffered from discrimination. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor unleashed a cascade of racist assumptions about Japanese immigrants and Japanese Americans in the United States that culminated in the relocation and internment of 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry, 66 percent of whom had been born in the United States. Executive Order 9066, signed by Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, gave the army power to remove people from “military areas” to prevent sabotage or espionage. The army then used this authority to relocate people of Japanese ancestry living along the Pacific coast of Washington, Oregon, and California, as well as in parts of Arizona, to internment camps in the American interior. Although a study commissioned earlier by Roosevelt indicated that there was little danger of disloyalty on the part of West Coast Japanese, fears of sabotage, perhaps spurred by the attempted rescue of a Japanese airman shot down at Pearl Harbor by Japanese living in Hawaii, and racist sentiments led Roosevelt to act. Ironically, Japanese in Hawaii were not interned. Although characterized afterwards as America’s worst wartime mistake by Eugene V. Rostow in the September 1945 edition of Harper’s Magazine, the government’s actions were in keeping with decades of anti-Asian sentiment on the West Coast.
After the order went into effect, Lt. General John L. DeWitt, in charge of the Western Defense command, ordered approximately 127,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans—roughly 90 percent of those of Japanese ethnicity living in the United States—to assembly centers where they were transferred to hastily prepared camps in the interior of California, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, and Arkansas. Those who were sent to the camps reported that the experience was deeply traumatic. Families were sometimes separated. People could only bring a few of their belongings and had to abandon the rest of their possessions. The camps themselves were dismal and overcrowded. Despite the hardships, the Japanese attempted to build communities in the camps and resume “normal” life. Adults participated in camp government and worked at a variety of jobs. Children attended school, played basketball against local teams, and organized Boy Scout units. Nevertheless, they were imprisoned, and minor infractions, such as wandering too near the camp gate or barbed wire fences while on an evening stroll, could meet with severe consequences. Some sixteen thousand Germans, including some from Latin America, and German Americans were also placed in internment camps, as were 2,373 persons of Italian ancestry. However, unlike the case with Japanese Americans, they represented only a tiny percentage of the members of these ethnic groups living in the country. Most of these people were innocent of any wrongdoing, but some Germans were members of the Nazi party. No interned Japanese Americans were found guilty of sabotage or espionage.
Japanese Americans standing in line in front of a poster detailing internment orders in California.
Despite being singled out for special treatment, many Japanese Americans sought to enlist, but draft boards commonly classified them as 4-C: undesirable aliens. However, as the war ground on, some were reclassified as eligible for service. In total, nearly thirty-three thousand Japanese Americans served in the military during the war. Of particular note was the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, nicknamed the “Go For Broke,” which finished the war as the most decorated unit in U.S. military history given its size and length of service. While their successes, and the successes of the African American pilots, were lauded, the country and the military still struggled to contend with its own racial tensions, even as the soldiers in Europe faced the brutality of Nazi Germany.
This U.S. government propaganda film attempts to explain why the Japanese were interned.
The brunt of the war’s damage occurred far from United States soil, but Americans at home were still greatly affected by the war. Women struggled to care for children with scarce resources at their disposal and sometimes while working full time. Economically, the country surged forward, but strict rationing for the war effort meant that Americans still went without. New employment opportunities opened up for women and ethnic minorities, as white men enlisted or were drafted. These new opportunities were positive for those who benefited from them, but they also created new anxieties among white men about racial and gender equality. Race riots took place across the country, and Americans of Japanese ancestry were relocated to internment camps. Still, there was an overwhelming sense of patriotism in the country, which was reflected in the culture of the day.
What were American women’s contributions to the war effort?
Many American women joined the armed forces, where they served as nurses, repaired and piloted airplanes, drove trucks, and performed clerical duties. Women in civilian life assumed occupations, often in the defense industries, that would have gone to men in times of peace. Women who did not take on wartime employment also contributed by recycling scarce materials, buying war bonds, planning meals using rationed foods, and generally making do with less.
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2019-04-19T12:39:39Z
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https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-hostos-ushistory/chapter/the-home-front/
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How does a man in one of the most peaceful societies in the world come to the conclusion that shooting a large number of people unknown to him is to serve the cause of his country?
Several ingredients must be in the witch’s brew of Anders Breivik’s mind.
First is resentment; second, self-importance; third, the desire for fame or notoriety; fourth, the search for a transcendent meaning to life, and fifth, a difficulty in forming ordinary human relationships, whether of love or friendship.
A final precondition is an above-average level of intelligence, for this is necessary in order to rationalise the commission of a deed that would otherwise be repugnant.
Resentment arises when you are not treated or rewarded as you think you deserve to be. Your merits, whether by virtue of birth or accomplishment, go unrecognised. You are therefore a victim of injustice. By definition you can do no wrong when you try to right them.
Self-importance prevents you from putting the wrongs you think you have suffered into any kind of perspective.
You do not see that, by the standards of most people, you have suffered little. You cannot see the difference between mere inconvenience or distaste and severe oppression.
In a world in which celebrity seems so important, obscurity is felt by many as a wound to their ego. Why should others be famous and not me?
If you cannot achieve celebrity by force of talent, then you can do so by means of murder – witness the Crossbow Cannibal.
A wider cause gives meaning and purpose to your life, and persuades you that your resentment, your anger, is not petty or personal, but something much grander. Breivik thought that by acting on his personal resentments he was a saviour of Europe; he might just as well have been an animal rights activist as a nationalist. His monomania relieved his inner emptiness.
A difficulty in forming normal human relationships is another cause for resentment of a man like Breivik, and of yet another wound to his ego. It has to be compensated for somehow, and producing an event of historic importance is one way to do it.
A man must be intelligent to act like Breivik – for he needs not only to plan and execute his “historic” deed, but to be able to weave a coherent, if paranoid and ultimately stupid, justification for it.
The pity for others of a mass killer like Breivik is nil; for himself, infinite.
What he was about to describe, he cautioned, would be “horrendous”.
But no warning could truly prepare Oslo criminal court for the experience of listening to Anders Behring Breivik detail in a calm, blank way how he gunned down terrified teenagers in the second of two attacks he carried out on 22 July last year.
The 33-year-old spent two hours on Friday afternoon giving a bullet-by-bullet account of what he refers to as his “operation” on the island of Utøya., where the youth wing of Norway’s Labour party was holding its annual summer camp. He shot and killed 67 people on the island that day; another fell off a cliff and died trying to escape. One more, a 17-year-old called Håkon Ødegaard, drowned while attempting to swim away.
Leaning back in his chair, twizzling a pen in his right hand, Breivik – flushed, but never losing control — told of how some of the children he killed were so paralysed with fear that he had time to reload his rifle before shooting them. He’d never seen such a thing, he said – not even on TV.
He recalled teenagers “playing dead” whom he slowly approached before shooting them at close range.
On the west side of the island, he said he came across a group “hiding, pressing themselves against the cliff face.” With nowhere to run, he was able to shoot them too. Another gang had clustered near an escarpment beneath Kjærlighetsstien, Lovers’ Path. Spotting them, he murdered five, claiming his youngest victim, Sharidyn Meegan Ngahiwi Svebakk-Bøhn, who had just celebrated her 14th birthday.
One boy saw him coming and shouted “Please, mate”. Breivik shot him regardless: “I shot everyone there.” He repeatedly recalled taking what he called “follow-up” shots to ensure that those on the ground were really dead. It was just one of a string of military terminology he used on Friday to describe the massacre. He also referred to using a building on the island as a “forward operational base”. It was to there that, in one of the most tragic twists, he had persuaded his first victim to help him carry a bag containing extra rounds of ammunition.
Trond Berntsen, 51, one of the island’s security officials, had met Breivik off the ferry. Utøya’s head of security, Monica Elisabeth Bøsei, had been told by Breivik that he needed to her help to sail to the island because he was a police officer who had come to reassure campers in the wake of the Oslo bombing he had carried out barely an hour earlier. He was dressed in police uniform, and Bøsei believed him. As Breivik put it: “She bought it.” Within five minutes of Breivik setting foot on the island, both the security officals were lying dead between the pier and the so-called information building.
The maximum sentence he can receive in morally enlightened Norway is 21 years in prison: about 100 days per victim.
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‘Unprecedented”? Judicial review has been the centerpiece of the American constitutional system since Marbury v. Madison in 1803. “Strong majority”? The House has 435 members. In March 2010, Democrats held a 75-seat majority. Obamacare passed by seven votes.
In his next-day walk back, the president implied that he was merely talking about the normal “restraint and deference” the courts owe the legislative branch. This concern would be touching if it weren’t coming from the leader of a party so deeply devoted to the ultimate judicial usurpation — Roe v. Wade, which struck down the abortion laws of 46 states — that fealty to it is the party’s litmus test for service on the Supreme Court.
With Obamacare remaking one-sixth of the economy, it would be unusual for the Supreme Court to overturn legislation so broad and sweeping. On the other hand, it is far more unusual to pass such a fundamentally transformative law on such a narrow, partisan basis.
Obamacare passed the Congress without a single vote from the opposition party – in contradistinction to Social Security, the Civil Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, Medicare, and Medicaid, similarly grand legislation, all of which enjoyed substantial bipartisan support. In the Senate, moreover, Obamacare squeaked by through a parliamentary maneuver called reconciliation that was never intended for anything so sweeping. The fundamental deviation from custom and practice is not the legal challenge to Obamacare but the very manner of its enactment.
The president’s pre-emptive attack on the Court was in direct reaction to Obamacare’s three days of oral argument. It was a shock. After years of contemptuously dismissing the very idea of a legal challenge, Democrats suddenly realized that there actually is a serious constitutional argument to be made against Obamacare — and they are losing it.
Here were highly sophisticated conservative thinkers — lawyers and justices — making the case for limited government, and liberals weren’t even prepared for the obvious constitutional question: If Congress can force the individual into a private contract by authority of the Commerce Clause, what can it not force the individual to do? Without a limiting principle, the central premise of our constitutional system — a government of enumerated powers — evaporates. What then is the limiting principle? Liberals were quick to blame the administration’s bumbling solicitor general, Donald Verrilli, for blowing the answer. But Clarence Darrow couldn’t have given it. There is none.
Really? The administration’s case for the constitutionality of Obamacare was so thoroughly demolished in oral argument that one liberal observer called it “a train wreck.” It is perfectly natural, therefore, that a majority of the Court should side with the argument that had so clearly prevailed on its merits. That’s not partisanship. That’s logic. Partisanship is four Democrat-appointed justices giving lockstep support to a law passed by a Democratic Congress and a Democratic president — after the case for its constitutionality had been reduced to rubble.
Democrats are reeling. Obama was so taken aback, he hasn’t even drawn up contingency plans should his cherished reform be struck down. Liberals still cannot grasp what’s happened — the mild revival of constitutionalism in a country they’ve grown so used to ordering about regardless. When asked about Obamacare’s constitutionality, Nancy Pelosi famously replied: “Are you serious?” She was genuinely puzzled.
As was Representative Phil Hare (D., Ill.) As Michael Barone notes, when Hare was similarly challenged at a 2010 town hall, he replied: “I don’t worry about the Constitution.” Hare is now retired, having been shortly thereafter defeated for reelection by the more constitutionally attuned owner of an East Moline pizza shop.
The implication of his statement was that he hasn’t heard of Marbury v. Madison, in which the Supreme Court laid down the doctrine of judicial review in 1803, and by which the Court can strike down unconstitutional laws. Indeed, since 1981, the Court has struck down 57 specific legislative acts of Congress, an average of two per year.
The president’s statement was so extraordinary that a three-judge panel of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ordered the Justice Department to answer by Thursday whether the administration indeed respects the right of court to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. As CBS’s Jan Crawford reported, Judge Jerry Smith became “very stern,” telling the lawyers arguing a separate case on the constitutionality of Obamacare that it was not clear to “many of us” whether the president believes such a right exists. He also noted Obama’s remarks yesterday in the Rose Garden about judges being an “unelected group of people.” The court was clearly not amused.
There appear to be few limits on how far President Obama will distort facts. In truth, his health-care plan passed the House by only 219 to 212, despite that body’s overwhelming Democratic majority. It was the first major piece of social legislation within memory to pass Congress without a single vote from the opposition party.
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2019-04-21T04:28:40Z
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https://benightedcomment.com/2012/04/
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"Kettle And Fire Upgrade Promotional Code "
If you Love Kettle And Fire Upgrade Promotional Code then you are at the right place!!
Kettle And Fire Upgrade Promotional Code is made from pet bones and connective cells-- generally livestock, hen, or fish-- that have actually been steamed right into a broth and slow simmered for 10 to greater than 20 hrs with herbs, vegetables, and spices. So why is this seemingly straightforward liquid something you would certainly intend to consume alcohol every day Kettle And Fire Upgrade Promotional Code ?
Also our hunter-gatherer forefathers realized that alcohol consumption Kettle And Fire Upgrade Promotional Code resembled striking nutritional gold, as its earliest version dates back over 2,500 years. Discarding anything edible was out of the question back then, so animal hooves, knuckles, bones, and also various other connective cells never ever went to lose. Bone broth has an abundant history of being used in traditional Chinese medicine as a digestive system tonic, blood contractor, as well as kidney strengthener due to the high collagen web content, bioavailable minerals, anti-inflammatory amino acids, as well as recovery compounds that can only be located in bones and connective tissue Kettle And Fire Upgrade Promotional Code.
See as celebrity health and wellness instructor, Thomas DeLauer breaks down the ins and outs of what bone broth truly is. In just two mins, he'll talk about what bone broth is and what it can do for your intestine, joint, and skin wellness Kettle And Fire Upgrade Promotional Code.
Some telephone call Kettle And Fire Upgrade Promotional Code meat water. We call it liquid gold.
What makes this things so unique? The brief response is collagen. Bones and also connective cells are the only true nutritional resources of kind II collagen-- a healthy protein that's understood for keeping skin smooth as well as flexible as well as teeth and joints healthy and balanced, in addition to touting lots of other health and wellness benefits.
In addition to collagen, bones are additionally loaded with a number of anti-inflammatory amino acids, minerals, and substances that can help speed up your body's natural healing procedures from things like sports injuries, arthritis, or leaking gut.
So, these "scraps" that the majority of us generally throw in the garbage are significant nutritional giants. Yet when was the last time you devoured on a piece of cow's knuckle? Or snacked on an ox tail? We'll assume the solution is never.
Given that we do not eat bones in their entire kind, preparing them right into a broth that's simmered for 10 to 20 hrs (or more) is the most effective means to launch their powerful nutrients, as well as experience an entire brand-new degree of health.
NEED A FAST DESCRIPTION ON WHAT EXACTLY IS KETTLE AND FIRE UPGRADE PROMOTIONAL CODE ?
View as Celeb Health Fitness Instructor, Thomas DeLauer damages down the ins and also outs of what bone broth truly is. In simply 2 mins, he'll talk about what bone broth is and what it can do for your digestive tract, joint, and also skin health and wellness kettle and fire upgrade promotional code.
Bone broth has a rich background of being made use of as a digestion tonic, specifically in conventional Chinese medication some 2,500 years back. Today, it is just one of the top advised foods for improving signs and symptoms of persistent digestive system problems, such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Crohn's illness, and also colitis.
The factor for why bone broth is so healing for the intestine goes back to collagen, which creates gelatin when it's cooked down also further. Collagen and jelly are not only rich in amino acids that decrease inflammation in the GI tract-- such as glutamine-- they also have the special capability to "secure and also heal" openings in the gut cellular lining, which can trigger a condition called leaking gut syndrome.
Although study remains in the early stages, there's proof to reveal that dripping intestine is the main underlying cause of gastrointestinal problems. It's likewise a contributor to autoimmune diseases, clinical depression, brain fog, stress and anxiety, allergies, dermatitis, acne, as well as persistent reduced power. Most severe of all, leaking digestive tract can be silent as well as show no signs and symptoms in the beginning. It's likewise thought to affect over 70% of the population.
Bone broth is suggested on unique digestive tract recovery diets as well as methods, like the VOIDS diet plan, the SCD diet plan, as well as the Reduced FODMAP diet plan.
Whether it's an injury, arthritis, or sore muscle mass, there's no much better method to nurture your bones and joints than by eating more of the nutrients already found within them, including hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, chondroitin, calcium, and also magnesium. Bone broth is packed with every one of these nutrients, plus several amino acids that help reduce joint pain as well as swelling, like glycine as well as proline. It's for these factors that bone broth is coming to be a go-to recuperation drink among professional athletes.
An enjoyable reality: Kettle and Fire Bone Broth was birthed because our co-founder, Nick, tore his ACL playing football and needed a high-grade bone broth to help speed up his recuperation time. (You can read more on that right here.).
Complying with a bone broth diet is wonderful for lasting weight reduction. A bone broth diet involves consuming Paleo for five days as well as fasting for two. Throughout this time frame you'll drink bone broth on a regular basis with a rise in usage on the fasting days.
The mix of recurring fasting and bone broth accelerates weight-loss via burning fat a lot more successfully as well as limiting calorie intake. When doing the diet, we also noticed a decrease in cellulite.
Fat-Burning Bone Broth Alcoholic Drink Kettle And Fire Upgrade Promotional Code.
With just a couple of components, this dish is perfect for a tasty and unbelievably easy fat-burning cocktail that you can whip up quickly on busy mornings before job or in the evenings post-workout.
Even if you had actually never become aware of bone broth before, you've probably heard of collagen, many thanks to the appeal industry.
Numerous anti-aging skin care lines add collagen to their face lotions, moisturizers, and lotions (and market them for a pretty penny). But what many people don't recognize is that collagen particles are as well large to be absorbed through the skin, which means these creams can't supply much in the way of outcomes.
The bright side is that collagen can be soaked up via your gastrointestinal system. As well as due to the fact that there's a direct web link between the digestive tract and the skin, adding bone broth to your diet regimen is going to have a far more powerful as well as lasting effect on the total look as well as wellness of your skin.
Allow's not forget about hair and also nails, which are made up of healthy proteins like collagen. Collagen aids enhance nails, and also encourages hair to grow in thicker, quicker, and also take on a healthy shine. (Remember this for the following time you get a bad hairstyle!).
Deep, relaxed rest is something we might all use a little bit even more of. Actually, stats show the average person obtains much less than 7 hrs of sleep per evening, so it is very important to do everything you can to make those hrs matter.
Bone broth is abundant in glycine, an anti-inflammatory amino acid that deals with the Central Nerves (CNS). When taken prior to bed as a supplement, researches reveal glycine can boost rest top quality as well as lower daytime drowsiness. It's even more reliable when paired with other sleep-supportive nutrients, like calcium and also magnesium.
Every one of the advantages you reap from bone broth, your expanding baby will certainly experience, also-- including healthy bones, joints, as well as a strong digestion system.
When morning health issues hits, it can be impossible to maintain nutritious food down. Yet bone broth tends to be calming for queasiness, and also is generally well endured. Most importantly, bone broth supplies several of the nutrients you and also your expanding child need, including healthy protein, and also crucial nutrients. As an added reward, the slow simmer time of the bones makes the nutrients in bone broth extremely bioavailable and also less complicated to soak up than a dietary supplement.
Bone broth can additionally aid increase fertility, assist you have an extra comfortable pregnancy by beneficial tight or painful joints, as well as might increase calcium levels in breast milk.
Bone broth is an exceptional source of nourishment on the Paleo diet, as well as is motivated to drink throughout periods of recurring fasting. It likewise fits in well with macronutrient requirements on the keto diet plan, and also may help reduce symptoms of the keto influenza.
" Not only can bone broth assist you avoid keto flu, however it's also loaded with minerals that recover leaking gut as well as lower swelling in your intestinal tracts." - Leanne Vogel, Writer of The Keto Diet.
The nourishment and also recovery potential of bone broth is so effective, that an entire diet regimen-- The Bone Broth Diet-- has been developed around it.
Here you can learn how Nellie, a 15 years of age rescue puppy, defeat her probabilities of living by just consuming bone broth.
Rich in collagen - Organic hen bones (particularly feet!) include added collagen to your broth. Our chicken bone broth includes 6 grams of collagen per serving.
Loaded with healthy protein - Hen is an excellent healthy protein source and exact same goes for poultry bones. Kettle & Fire bone broth comes loaded with 10 grams of healthy protein per offering Kettle And Fire Upgrade Promotional Code.
Minimizes intestine inflammation - Bone broth assists heal and also seal a dripping digestive tract which is the source for numerous autoimmune illness.
Rich in bone marrow - Bone broth made from 100% lawn fed cattle and simmered over long chef times essences bone marrow that contains healthy nourishing hormones as well as lipids.
Packed with amino acids - Similar to poultry bone broth, the nutrients drawn out from beef bones have amino acids like glycine and also glutamine that boosts food digestion and fixings your intestine cellular lining.
No. Plants are a fantastic source of vitamins and minerals that can aid boost your body to produce its own collagen, yet there is no known plant food that provides kind II collagen, the form that supplies every one of the health and wellness benefits detailed above.
Something to consider concerning bone broth that establishes it apart from plant foods: Even if you do eat a variety of plants that are rich in collagen-boosting nutrients, if you have a weakened digestion system or leaky intestine, you might not completely absorb them. On the other hand, the collagen in bone broth is exceptionally very easy to absorb, even for those with jeopardized digestive systems.
Naturally, you do not just have to consume it-- although we do have a free as well as legendary downloadable bone broth drinking overview for when you do. You can blend bone broth right into your environment-friendly smoothies, make healthy collagen gummy bears, and utilize it in everything from rushed eggs, soups, curries, stews, breakfast bowls, and also tacos.
We slow-simmer the natural bones to extract the collagen, proteins, and also amino acids right into a nutrient-rich bone broth. The outcome is a collagen-rich, high protein bone broth that provides your body the nutrients it requires to thrive.
Bone broth is an all-in-one superfood, loaded with nutrients that offer energy and motivation, aid you sleep much better, make your skin look smoother, as well as can help recover digestive problems like dripping digestive tract.
Bones and connective cells are storehouses for crucial amino acids and also minerals-- which are lacking in lots of diets today. Bone Broth is likewise an important source of protein, collagen and jelly.
It's not possible to eat whole bones or tissue, however you can still enjoy these health benefits by sipping bone broth. Collagen is removed when you simmer bones for a long period of time. Normally, the longer bone broth simmers, the more collagen you'll draw out.
Making bone broth is an easy process, but one that calls for a lot of time and patience. If time is out your side we can help you out keeping that.
Bone broth is made by simmering animal bones and also cells for a minimum of 10 hrs with veggies, herbs, and spices such as thyme, garlic, and also bay leaves. High-quality bone broth starts with premium components, making use of bones from natural grass-fed animals and also organic veggies. While any type of bone or tendon can be utilized, knuckles, poultry feet, and also femur bones have a tendency to consist of one of the most collagen.
Simmering bones for an extended amount of time is what gives bone broth its health benefits, removing the amino acids, minerals, and collagen. This is a Kettle & Fire-tested slow stove hen bone broth dish that features organic poultry bones, sea salt, fresh veggies like celery stalks, onions, and also bell peppers, as well as herbs like parsley, rosemary, as well as thyme.
Just cooking bones (no meat) as well as water is going to be mostly tasteless. Cooking the combination for hrs on end isn't going to make it taste any better.
The suggestion that you're obtaining tons of nutrients from the bones is a MYTH that won't pass away, although it has been debunked countless times, including with lab examinations. The idea that including vinegar to "launch" those nutrients has additionally been debunked. You just end up with a watery mess that tastes of vinegar.
Rather, purchase bones with meat on them. After that include veggies such as onions, carrots, celery, and just adequate water to cover every little thing (typically 8 or 10 cups). Miss the vinegar! Simmer for 3 to 4 hours for chicken, a little longer for beef. Season according to preference. If you have an Instant Pot, 25 to 35 mins has to do with right.
What you will obtain with this technique is an extremely savory broth that's possibly significantly extra nourishing-- including great deals of collagen-- and more healthful than any bone broth, as well as it will taste one heck of a great deal better. You can either consume the meat and veggies (it's called SOUP) or you can strain them out and also just drink the broth if you choose.
See, bare bones that have no meat, or, even worse, carcass bones that have already been prepared and also stripped of their meat, have nearly no taste by themselves.
Inspect Ina Garten's recipe for hen broth. It's very comparable to this set and also has been made use of with mild variants by knowledgeable cooks for decades.
There are two primary distinctions in between bone broth and regular broth or stock: simmering time and the part of the animal it's made from (bones or flesh).
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2019-04-25T04:23:54Z
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http://urbanhotlist.com/bone-broth/kettle-and-fire/coupon/Kettle-and-Fire-upgrade-promotional-code/index.php
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Mr. James Kilfedder (North Down) (by private notice) : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland if he will make a statement on extradition between the Irish Republic and the United Kingdom following the decision of the Supreme Court, Dublin, on 13 March.
The Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (Mr. Peter Brooke) : The Supreme Court in Dublin yesterday overruled orders for the extradition to Northern Ireland of Dermot Finucane and James Pius Clarke. Both men are convicted terrorists who escaped from the Maze prison during the mass breakout in 1983. Clarke was serving 18 years for the attempted murder of a member of the Ulster Defence Regiment and Finucane was serving 18 years for possession of firearms and ammunition. Upon their apprehension in the Republic of Ireland, extradition of both was ordered by the district court. Appeals on behalf of both men were quashed by the High Court but were yesterday upheld in the Supreme Court, their last court of appeal. The Government are deeply disappointed at that decision.
Details of the judgments, which I understand are lengthy and complex, are not yet available to us, but I believe that the main ground of appeal was that their rights under the Irish constitution would be infringed by the treatment these prisoners would be thought likely to receive in the prison system of Northern Ireland. That this was upheld by the court is both disturbing and difficult to understand. It is an unacceptable slur on the professionalism of the men and women of the Northern Ireland prison service. I shall study the full judgment as soon as it is available and will pay particular attention to the references to Northern Ireland prisons. The conditions in the Maze prison, indeed throughout the prison system in Northern Ireland, are widely regarded as among the best in Europe. Both the British and Irish Governments have pledged themselves to ensure that effective arrangements are in place for dealing with fugitive offenders. Extradition is a vital factor in this. I remind the House that it was the Irish authorities who originally sought these extraditions on our behalf and who have continued to make strenuous efforts, at every level of their judicial system, to bring these cases to a successful conclusion.
I shall obviously also be studying the full judgment carefully to see what implications it has for other cases. It is clearly right that each case should be considered on its merits. But our principal concern, shared with the Irish Government, is that the system as a whole should work effectively, as well as fairly. We will pursue this with the Irish Government.
Mr. Kilfedder : Is the right hon. Gentleman aware that the Dublin Supreme Court decision yesterday causes widespread anger and dismay among the people of this country, especially the people of Northern Ireland, who have suffered death, mutilation and agony at the hands of the terrorists for 22 years? More importantly, it generates disbelief and sadness--I wish, even in the anger of this moment, to emphasise the sadness--since the United Kingdom Government constantly stresses that the Irish Republic is whole-hearted in the fight against the IRA.
Republic of terrorists who commit their atrocities either in Northern Ireland or in Great Britain, so long as those atrocities are part of their brutal campaign to bomb Northern Ireland into an all-Ireland republic?
Finally, will the Secretary of State ask his right hon. Friend the Prime Minister to arrange an urgent meeting with the Prime Minister of the Irish Republic, Mr. Haughey, to ensure that the next six wanted men will be extradited from the Irish Republic to face justice in the United Kingdom?
Mr. Brooke : I am at one with the hon. Gentleman in much of what he has said, but I should reiterate that it was the Irish authorities that brought these cases on our behalf and it was the Irish court, which is independent, that ruled in the matter. Until the judgments of the Supreme Court have been received and studied, any comment on the effect on other cases would be merely speculative. However, if the judgments affect only cases involving Maze escapees, the immediate impact will be limited, as there are at present no other such cases before the Irish courts.
Mr. James Molyneaux (Lagan Valley) : Does the Secretary of State share my bewilderment over the virtual suppression in the news industry of the earlier Supreme Court ruling of 1 March, that the claim to a united Ireland is no mere aspiration but a valid legal claim? Does he agree that that judgment discredited all the assurances given in the Anglo-Irish Agreement? Does he further agree that it provided grounds for yesterday's decision by the same Supreme Court, which probably felt that, having established its legal claim without any challenge from Her Majesty's Government, it was free to argue that it could not be expected to transfer or extradite its citizens from one part of what it considered to be its territory to another part?
Mr. Brooke : I am conscious of what the right hon. Gentleman said in the earlier part of his question, and he will recall that we had the opportunity for an exchange across the Floor of the House on Monday. As to the supplement to his question, I see no basis for the assertion that the Supreme Court's decision on the Finucane and Clarke extradition case is related to the McGimpsey judgment, which concerned the constitutionality of the Anglo-Irish Agreement, or for the right hon. Gentleman's inference that in the light of that judgment, the Irish authorities could no longer extradite persons to Northern Ireland. I am aware of no evidence from yesterday's judgments to suggest that the Irish now refuse to extradite people on the grounds that they consider that they have a legal claim to Northern Ireland.
Mr. Ian Gow (Eastbourne) : Is my right hon. Friend aware that the failure last year to extradite a suspected terrorist, Mr. Ryan, and the failure yesterday to extradite two convicted terrorists reveals--in the most awful way--the unsatisfactory nature of our extradition arrangements with the Republic?
the Government of the Irish Republic on how we can achieve proper arrangements for extradition between our two countries?
Mr. Brooke : The disappointing results in the Finucane and Clarke cases yesterday, to which my hon. Friend refers must be set against the generally satisfactory working of the extradition arrangements between our two countries over the past two years. Since January 1988, 13 persons have been returned to the United Kingdom, and orders for delivery in respect of a further six persons are currently the subject of appeal proceedings before the Irish courts.
Additionally, the Irish state has successfully appealed against the decision of the district court not to order the return of a further two persons. I share my hon. Friend's disappointment at yesterday's decision, but it should be seen against a generally satisfactory working of the arrangements over the past two years.
Mr. A. E. P. Duffy (Sheffield, Attercliffe) : Does the Secretary of State agree that, contrary to the reaction in some quarters of the press and of some of his hon. Friends about the future of the Anglo-Irish Agreement, the forthcoming conference is all the more desirable to enable the Irish side to discuss coolly with him the fact that the judiciary is independent of the Executive and that the Supreme Court is specifically obliged to protect the constitutional rights of citizens?
Mr. Brooke : The hon. Gentleman is right to say that the Anglo-Irish Agreement offers a valuable framework within which the two Governments can discuss issues of mutual interest and concern, such as the one that we are debating this afternoon. Once we have had the chance to examine the Supreme Court's lengthy judgment more fully, we will make our response within the framework of the agreement. We have already made our representations through the secretariat.
Rev. William McCrea (Mid-Ulster) : Does the Secretary of State accept that the vast majority of people in the United Kingdom are disgusted at the failure of the southern authorities to extradite the two convicted terrorists? The judgment in the Supreme Court in Dublin has given great succour and joy to the terrorists' organisation. Can the Secretary of State understand the feeling of terror in my constituency, given that one of the terrorists was convicted of terrorising the people of my constituency along the border? What happened yesterday was another kick in the teeth for the Government.
Mr. Brooke : I draw the attention of the House to the silence of the Irish Government in the context of a judgment in the House of Lords last week.
Mr. John D. Taylor (Strangford) : Is the Secretary of State aware that most people in the United Kingdom will be very disappointed by his reply to the House this afternoon? For him to say merely that he is disappointed will come as a shock to most people. He should have said that he was outraged at the Irish court's decision.
"political exemption should not apply to persons charged with politically motivated offences when the objective of such offences was to secure the ultimate unity of the country."
So long as people kill outside Northern Ireland and so long as they do so in the interests of a united Ireland, it is allowed by Mr. Justice Walsh. That is the situation under the Anglo-Irish Agreement.
Does the Secretary of State recall that, when he and his colleagues tried to gain support in this House for the Anglo-Agreement, the headlines said, "It will bring normality into extradition"? Does he believe that normality exists in extradition?
Mr. Brooke : The right hon. Gentleman referred to the language that I used today. Yesterday, my right hon. Friend the Prime Minister referred to the sense of outrage at the implicit slur, which played a part in the judgment, on the Northern Ireland prison service. I endorse that, and referred to it in my statement.
The right hon. Gentleman referred to the judgment of Mr. Justice Walsh. I was aware of that aspect of the case. We shall examine that aspect of the judgment, together with all others, to see whether it moves the law forward from the Dominic McGlinchey case.
Mr. William Cash (Stafford) : Does my right hon. Friend agree that there is considerable disquiet in Eire about the decision, that Mr. Alan Dukes has expressed his view on the subject and that we have every reason to question how the judiciary arrived at its decision?
Mr. Brooke : I am aware that politicians in the Republic of Ireland have made comments about the case. I especially noted that they recommended that it should be handled at an early stage within the framework of the Anglo-Irish Agreement.
Mr. Gerald Bermingham (St. Helens, South) : Does the Secretary of State agree that, until we know the raison d'etre of the judgment, we cannot make constructive comments? Would not it be wiser to wait until we know the reasons for the decision? Discussions may then take place with the Irish Government about possible improvements to the existing state of affairs.
Mr. Brooke : I hesitate to say this to the hon. Gentleman, but I am answering a private notice question. I was not volunteering a statement.
Mr. Speaker : Order. I remind the House that a private notice question is an extension of Question Time. I shall call two more hon. Members from each side, and then we must move on.
for a court to do? If terrorists get the impression that courts of law are leaning towards their side, what chance have we of defeating terrorism?
Mr. Brooke : My hon. and learned Friend is right to enter that consideration. We would regard with horror any comment that encouraged murder in any part of the world.
Mr. David Winnick (Walsall, North) : While I personally found the decision odd and unhelpful in the fight against terrorism, would not it be unfortunate if a judicial decision in the Irish Republic--the Secretary of State stressed that it was a judicial decision--led to a state of hysteria in the House of Commons? Will the Secretary of State be frank enough to admit that some Members of Parliament--we know who they are--will do anything to create the maximum ill will between the Irish Republic and this country?
Mr. Brooke : I do not think that anything approaching an air of hysteria exists in the House. Hon. Members have expressed their understandable concerns about a decision which they found disappointing.
Mr. W. Benyon (Milton Keynes) : May I follow the hon. Member for North Down (Mr. Kilfedder), and emphasise the sadness caused by the Court's decision? This decision and a previous decision made by the Supreme Court seem to render null and void article 1 of the Anglo-Irish Agreement, which will have to be reconsidered.
Mr. Brooke : I think that my hon. Friend is confusing the particular circumstances of this case with the other case to which he alluded. But I join my hon. Friend and the hon. Member for North Down (Mr. Kilfedder) in saying that there are unfortunate aspects to this case which we shall pursue through the framework of the agreement.
border? Secondly, can the Criminal Law Jurisdiction Act 1976 be invoked to bring proceedings against the two men in the Republic? Thirdly, on the advice that the right hon. Gentleman has now received, does the decision apply only to this case or to cases that were decided before the Irish Republic incorporated into its domestic law the convention against terrorism? When the case was presented before the Supreme Court, were any steps taken to try to contradict the evidence produced to support the appellants who based their case on Chief Justice Hutton's decision in the Pettigrew case? Was evidence produced to show how much the Irish prison service has improved over the years?
Let me take this opportunity to pay tribute to the Irish prison service for doing a job that none of us would undertake willingly. [ Hon. Members-- : "Northern Ireland prison service?"] One would pay tribute to the work of the men and women of the prison service, whether in Ireland or the rest of the United Kingdom, because none of us would want to do that job.
Finally, will the Secretary of State confirm that both Governments still regard extradition as an important weapon in the fight against terrorism and that he will raise those matters at the next Anglo-Irish Conference? If it did not exist, decisions such as this one of the Irish Supreme Court would more than justify the Anglo-Irish Conference and the decision to establish it under the Anglo-Irish Agreement.
Mr. Brooke : The hon. Gentleman's first question related to yesterday's arrangements for handing over the two prisoners at the border. He is perfectly correct--it was visible to everyone on television--that massive arrangements had been made on both sides of the border for the reception of the prisoners. In that respect, the court's judgment was a surprise.
Extra-territorial prosecution would be a matter for my right hon. and learned Friend the Attorney-General, but he would consider that only after having had the opportunity to study the judgment in full. The hon. Gentleman asked also about the effect of the convention on the suppression of terrorism. That would depend specifically on the particular charge in each case, and one would have to examine it on a case-by-case basis.
The Government provided substantial evidence to the Irish courts on the central issue of the behaviour of the Northern Ireland prison service, not least to the effect that any such treatment would be a crime in the jurisdiction of the North. The hon. Gentleman's final question was about the importance of extradition in the joint arrangements. We have discussed that matter before in the Anglo-Irish Conference and I confidently expect that we shall discuss it again at our next meeting.
Ms. Joan Ruddock (Lewisham, Deptford) : On a point of order, Mr. Speaker. At about 1 pm today, the Evening Standard reported a horrifying near-collision between two underground trains at King's Cross. This information calls into question the one-person operation on the tube and has revealed serious signal faults.
Mr. Ivor Stanbrook (Orpington) : This is not a point of order.
Ms. Ruddock : The information came to us when the House was sitting and prevented me from applying to you, Mr. Speaker, for a private notice question. The matter is of such great concern to my constituents and to the constituents of all hon. Members representing London constituencies that I must ask whether you have any information that the Secretary of State intends to make a statement to the House on this matter, which could have been another horrifying tragedy at King's Cross.
Mr. Speaker : The whole House is anxious about such accidents, but fortunately there was no injury to people in this case. I have received no information from the Government, but I am sure that those on the Front Bench heard the hon. Lady.
Mr. Geoffrey Dickens (Littleborough and Saddleworth) : On a point of order, Mr. Speaker. Have not we today been hoist by our own petard? Was it not the much-praised prison service of Northern Ireland that allowed the prisoners to escape?
Mr. Speaker : That is not a point of order. Furthermore, I do not know what a petard is.
Mr. Norman Buchan (Paisley, South) : On a point of order, Mr. Speaker. I have given you notice of an extremely important matter. The Standing Committee that is considering the Broadcasting Bill has now reached its 36th sitting. I apologise for not raising the matter earlier, but I was given the courage to do so when I noticed that the Committee that considered the legislation that became the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act 1977 had 58 sittings before the matter of its hybridity was raised.
"a public bill which affects a particular private interest in a manner different from the private interest of other persons or bodies of the same category or class."
at the mercy of other competitors who could reschedule accordingly. Furthermore, the basic business of the TV Times and the Radio Times, which are both private companies--one is owned by BBC Enterprises Limited and the other by Reed International--was strongly affected.
Mr. Speaker : Order. The hon. Gentleman must not go into detail about what is going on in a Committee. That does not concern the House.
Mr. Buchan : I am giving a truly factual account of an amendment to the Bill. I am not concerned with what has happened in the Committee but what has been incorporated in the Bill.
Mr. Speaker : Order. The hon. Gentleman kindly gave me notice of the matter, and I have been able to consider it in some detail. I can help the hon. Gentleman and the House. I believe that the new clause and the amendment to which he has referred have not yet been disposed of in Committee. It is not out of order for a Committee to make amendments that make a Bill hybrid, but I should not wish to make a ruling on such a matter before the Bill has been reported.
Mr. Buchan : In that case, I shall stick to the second ground why I believe that the Bill is hybrid. I have also given you notice of that in my letter.
Mr. Speaker : Order. I have told the hon. Gentleman that I cannot rule on the matter until the Committee has reported.
Mr. Buchan : I understand that, but, according to the precedent, which I examined with care, the earlier such an issue was raised, the better. On the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act, 1977, the apology was begged for 58 sittings and I have already apologised for 36 sittings. The matter should have been raised on Second Reading, but it came to our attention only when new clause 42 was tabled.
Mr. Speaker : What, then, is the hon. Gentleman asking me to do?
Mr. Buchan : I am asking you, Mr. Speaker, to undertake to report, presumably tomorrow, to the House, as happened on the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act 1977, on whether you think that there is an element of hybridity in the Bill. If there is, a course of action other than proceeding with the Bill in its present form is then open to you, Mr. Speaker.
Mr. Speaker : Order. I cannot undertake to do that tomorrow but I shall certainly undertake to do that with the greatest care when the Bill has been reported to the House in the usual way.
Mr. Speaker : Order. The debate has not yet been concluded. As I understand it, the new clause is currently under discussion. It has not yet been disposed of by the Committee.
Mr. Speaker : Order. I cannot rule upon it now. It is not in my power to do so. I must wait until the Bill has been reported. That is the moment when I shall look upon it with great care. If the House agrees to the timetable motion, our debate today must end at midnight. It is taking a lot of time to deal with a matter that I really cannot rule upon.
Mr. Speaker : Order. I honestly think that the hon. Gentleman has asked me now to pre-empt a decision which I shall have to consider with the greatest care at the appropriate moment. I cannot do that in the middle of the Bill. The hon. Gentleman is taking time from other hon. Members.
to be a British citizen or a citizen of the EC will not be a barrier to Mr. Murdoch and Sky Television. He is an American. This puts him in a different position from all others who may compete for the licence. The Bill is hybrid. We should examine it so that we will no longer waste time on what is, in any case, a pretty inadequate Bill, and can treat it in the proper way.
Mr. Robin Corbett (Birmingham, Erdington) : Further to that point of order, Mr. Speaker.
Mr. Speaker : There can be nothing further to it, because I have already made a ruling that I shall look at it with the greatest care when the Bill has been reported.
Mr. William Ross (Londonderry, East) : The Secretary of State for Northern Ireland told the House a few moments ago that he had not volunteered a statement on the issue which was raised in the private notice question. Surely the matter is of such importance that we should have a statement, if not from the right hon. Gentleman, certainly from the Attorney-General. Have you any information, Mr. Speaker, about whether he will make such a statement? Furthermore, often when the business for the week is given on a Thursday, we are told that the necessary documents such as those relating to the EC will be printed in the Official Report so that we will have an opportunity to study the documents before the debate comes up. Could that general policy be followed before any statement is made or any debate takes place in the House regarding the two judgements of the Supreme Court in the Irish Republic, so that all hon. Members could study the judgments and form their opinions on them?
Mr. Speaker : I am sure that the hon. Gentleman's remarks will have been heard by those on the Government Front Bench. I granted today's private notice question, but I have no knowledge of a statement.
Mr. Andrew Faulds (Warley, East) : On a matter of mutual assistance, Mr. Speaker. Would you, as an ex-military man, care to know what a petard is? I feel sure that the hon. Member for Littleborough and Saddleworth (Mr. Dickens) has no idea. Would you, Mr. Speaker, be interested to know?
Mr. Speaker : As a matter of fact, I would--but perhaps the hon. Gentleman will tell me later over a cup of tea.
Mr. Simon Hughes (Southwark and Bermondsey) : I beg to move, That leave be given to bring in a Bill to amend the law to enable parish and community councils to be created within Greater London. In one respect, London is uniquely disadvantaged. Wales, Scotland and the rest of England all have, wholly or in part, parish local community councils. Although London is based on the parish structure, as is the rest of the country, it cannot have parish councils. When local government reform at a lower level last took place 20 years ago, there was a series of mergers between small local authorities, to form much larger authorities. Subsequently, we saw the removal of the countywide authorities--so in London, below central Government, there is only one level of lower local government--borough councils. There are 32 of them, plus the City of London. Below them there is nothing, and communities as large as my own of 215,000 people have no local form of assembly, democratic representation or decision-making. They have no true local authority.
There is provision for parishes to be created elsewhere than London. Under the Local Government Act 1972, a procedure exists for the creation of parishes other than in London. To my own knowledge, at least three attempts have been made in this House and in another place since 1972, on a cross- party basis, to remedy the disadvantage that London has suffered since the abolition of the smaller borough councils 25 years ago. The late Graham Page introduced the Urban Parishes Bill in 1978, and in another place Lord McIntosh of Haringey introduced in 1984 the Urban Parishes Bill, which, after completing all its stages in the Lords, fell in this House only because it came here for its Second Reading towards the end of the Session. In 1987, my hon. Friend the Member for Liverpool, Mossley Hill (Mr. Alton), with support from hon. Members of four other parties, introduced the Directly Elected Neighbourhood Councils Bill to allow places such as London elsewhere in urban Britain to have, at the behest of ordinary people, the opportunity to establish the parish councils that people elsewhere take for granted.
The Bill will allow the process of creating parish councils to be instigated by the people in the areas that those councils would represent. London, like many other cities, is a collection of villages, not one unbroken metropolis. When people are asked where they live, they answer Willesden, Bromley, Bow or Walworth. They do not say that they live in Haringey or Brent. The place in which they live is much smaller than the boundaries of its borough council. People associate themselves with ancient communities having names that have come down through the ages and have their own histories and established traditions.
I seek to give the people of London the opportunity to petition the Boundary Commission for England, so that it may discuss with local people and their local authority the appropriate boundaries for a parish council-- and then, in a short, time-limited period, make a proposal for a precise area in which parish council elections could take place.
that it would enhance community spirit, participation and pride. It would be an advantage, because some decisions could be made at the lowest possible level. It is certainly needed to counteract the remoteness and alienation that many people feel from local authorities throughout London.
There are very low turnouts at many local elections, largely because people neither know the candidates nor feel that the authority is near enough to be likely to do anything for them. As a matter of justice, if other places can have parish councils, I do not understand why we should not have them, too. Would it not be a good thing to build into our democratic structure the possibility of electing people to councils that represent the places where people feel most naturally at home?
What would such councils be able to do? They would be able to take part in planning consultation and possibly make devolved planning decisions. They would be able to provide community facilities such as community halls and street lighting and improve parks and benches. They might be able to take on the local management of schools and be the forum for police authorities and for the funding of community groups and act as a consultative network between the higher borough authority and the local community.
How would they be funded? They would not need to raise any money, but otherwise, like all other parish councils, they would precept a penny or two which the borough council would collect and they would be able to spend. All sorts of places would suddenly have the possibility of having recognised democratic community authority. The Government have said that they do not receive much correspondence requesting that such councils be set up. That is what the Minister said when a similar Bill was last debated in the other place. I am in no doubt that, if people believed that they could have parish councils in London, the establishment of those councils would have enormous support. Certainly, in the boroughs of Bermondsey and Southwark, people would like them tomorrow, because they do not feel that they can relate to local government. I believe that parish councils would be as popular in London as the poll tax is currently unpopular, and that three out of four people would probably support them.
People would ask whether such councils would be just another layer of bureaucracy. The answer is no, because most parish councils have one part- time clerk, and that is often an honorary post. They do not have their own buildings or offices ; they work out of a community building or community hall. There is no need for them to be bureaucratic or in any way to have the disadvantages of government at a higher level. They need not even be political bodies. Many parish councils have people elected as independents because they are known and respected and willing to give their time to the community. Of course political parties would not be banned, but they would not have to take a predominant role at that level of local government. On all other occasions when such a Bill has been introduced, it has received widespread support. I believe that good local government requires real local government. It is time to bring to an end the anomaly that London cannot have the parish councils which the rest of the country enjoys.
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https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm198990/cmhansrd/1990-03-14/Debate-1.html
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DAYTON (OH) -- The Eric Golz era got underway a season ago, taking over for long-time UD WSOC Head Coach Mike Tucker. Those were enormous shoes to fill and the job was more difficult given a roster of talent disparate from the one that took home the A10 championship a season prior. Any Flyer soccer fan worth their salt knew 2017 would be a major challenge and that’s ultimately how the year started and ended. Dayton took a month to get north of .500 and once conference play started the Flyers more or less traded wins and losses. The 4-4-2 A10 record was just good enough to punch their ticket to the league tournament on the last day of the regular season after a victory at UMass. But their 21st consecutive A10 tourney appearance was short-lived, falling to eventual champ LaSalle 3-2 in the opening round. If nothing else, the loss was by far their best effort of the season. They could have easily beaten the #1 seed Explorers on their home field.
Dayton took all season to play their best however because of inconsistency on both sides of the ball. Keeping teams off the scoreboard – especially early in matches – proved to be all but impossible at times as the team GAA ballooned to 1.40. Yes the Flyers did out-score their opponents on the season 33-28, but the offense was oftentimes too one-dimensional and the schedule lacked quality wins.
Golz’s second season may end up more challenging than his first. He lost A10 Offensive Player of the Year Alexis Kiehl (12g, 3a) to graduation. She was involved in almost half of UD’s scoring output. Kiehl was the lone striker every opponent had to account for; when she failed to score or had limited touches, the Flyer offense often sputtered and the results were disappointing. Perhaps it was an offense that relied on Kiehl too much, but had no choice in order to remain competitive and keep a modest amount of possession in the attacking third. Without her speed and foot skills to target the goal mouth with quick-strike ability, Dayton’s best weapon on a weapons-challenged team is no longer available this year to hide other weaknesses on the field.
Dayton must also replace MF Sidney Leroy and D Nicolette Griesinger – both started 19 of 20 matches as seniors. MF Kaitlynn Kiehl started four matches while D Abby Wiegel also graduated after a career-ending injury erased her senior year entirely.
The good news is it wasn’t a huge senior class. The not-so-good news is 11 freshmen join the team, making for an even younger and more inexperienced group than last year’s 9-9-2 squad. And without an All-Conference scorer to pull rabbits out of hats, things may get worse before they get better.
Perhaps the best and brightest part starts with senior defender Nadia Pestell, a 2nd Team All-A10 selection last year who played more like a 1st Teamer. A terrific athlete with gifted speed, good instincts, and high-IQ reaction time to the run of play, Pestell has a chance to be the best defender in the league despite giving up several inches and 15lbs to most opposing strikers on a weekly basis. Her greatest strength however is affecting the Flyer offense; she loves to overlap with dribble-drives and cheat forward along the left touch lines for dangerous service in the box. She might be UD’s most important attacking player despite playing out of the back; her ability to transition the Flyers from defense to offense is invaluable. From what we saw in the lone exhibition at Baujan Field, it’s safe to say she may be the Flyers’ offensive and defensive MVP in 2018 – usually an unthinkable suggestion for a full-time left fullback. How many defenders led their team in assists (6) last year? Darn few.
Her skills to set up other players in the Flyer attacking third will be even more important this year with the lack of reliable game-changers in the midfield and offense. Junior MF/F Mikayla Livingston (7g, 5a) is the team’s leading returning scorer and has shown – at times – to be exceedingly dangerous with the ball at her feet. Best used on the touch lines, Livingston had the luxury of running with Alexis Kiehl however and Kiehl sucked a lot of attention from opposing defenses. Without that, Livingston must prove to be a capable goal scorer in more 1 vs 1 situations and command a dominating presence up top. It’s within her wheelhouse to be All-Conference, but consistency has wavered at times and the disappearing acts could spell doom this year for a team desperate for an All-League striker. In fairness, the same praise and criticism could be said for others. Sophomore Sara Robertson (4g) and senior Keagin Collie (2g, 5a) must also make significant strides rather than baby steps. No player from last year’s freshmen class made the A10 All-Rookie squad, making the sophomore class a vital one in 2018. They must get better and impact the game and Robertson is our pick to make that improvement.
Collie may be the key to the season – we said the same thing last year. Dayton hemorrhaged far too often with lack of ball-winning and possession in the central third. It cost the Flyers several results for sure, but more importantly it affected UD’s ability to exert influence within the matches. Far too often UD lacked speed, quickness, and toughness around the center circle to dis-possess, shed the first mark, and deliver weak-side service to teammates opening up space in transition. It’s all but impossible to finish in the upper third of the Atlantic 10 – or any conference – without an All-League central midfielder. Golz must impress upon Collie both her importance and ability to make this year the defining measure of her career.
Senior Quincy Kellett (0g, 5a) started 19 matches last year as a wide attacking player and brings a wealth of experience as a player that tasted success when the Flyers were A10 contenders in her first two seasons. Kellett can impact the game, but too often last year the impact was an absence of engagement. She must dig out more balls, get stuck into more tackles, and translate her odometer into touches of the ball rather than watching the match carry on without her. Those second efforts will change her game for the better and rub off on her teammates. She’s a senior and must lead by example.
Junior Caroline Mink (2g) abused #1 seed St. Joseph’s like a rented mule in the A10 title match of her freshman season -- they had no answer for her. Since then, Mink lost her groove and hasn’t quite rediscovered it. At 5-8 she gives UD good size along the touch lines and has a solid burst of speed after the first touch of the ball. She’s a better player than her sophomore form and fans want to see it. Mink can be a 5g/5a player, but she must trust her own skill set, think less, and just play what’s in front of her. She’s most dangerous when keeping it simple.
Juniors Madeleine Morrissey (1g, 1a), and Jordan Pauley (1g, 2a) also return and share 17 starts from a year ago. Like Collie, ball-winning and sustained possession are integral chores on their 2018 to-do list. If UD can finally get some possession and stop chasing the game, everything else will start rolling downhill.
Helping Pestell in the back line is senior Beth Kamphaus, an offensive player converted to defender with good size (5-8) and terrific fitness as a central back. She’s capable of eliminating angles and covering for other players with her speed and reaction times. She’s generally a good distributor out of the back line, but there are inexplicable moments where hospital balls put the Flyers in dire straits. Those lapses seem more mental than anything and a bit more consistency could land her on the All-Conference team with a strong senior year. She was one of just four Flyers to start all 20 games a year ago.
Hanna Merritt started five matches, appeared in 11 overall, and can also play the back line. Sophomore Kara Camarco played just 51 minutes as a true freshman but may be counted on this year to bolster the defense.
Megan Rack, Emily Trick, Emma Thomas, Dani Ruffolo, and Morgan Henderson saw limited action a year ago but have a chance to move up the pecking order. Olivia Brown was UD’s most-heralded 2017 recruit but saw little action a year ago and battled injuries in the preseason. Her status is unknown.
In goal once again is senior Kaelyn Johns, perhaps Dayton’s most talented player not named Pestell. A three-year starter with 61 starts to her credit, Johns has – at times – done God’s work in the goal box and kept the Flyers in matches they were otherwise overwhelmed. Part of that necessity came from a team defense that chased the ball far too much, resulting in minimal possession and unmarked opposing players challenging the Flyer goal mouth. Her teammates made her job more difficult than it needed to be and the repetitive bacon-saving circus acts led to several brutal injuries that might have ended the careers of other goalkeepers. Not that she did the wrong thing or made the wrong decisions, but her field players orchestrated the climate for far too many ugly situations with Florence Nightingale defending that forced Johns into dangerous spots where sheer bravery and bodily sacrifice kept a ball out of the net. She needs more help, she deserves more help. She might be the best overall goalkeeper in the league. Her GAA is not reflective of her talents. The Flyers must make her job easier this year to take a step forward.
It’s hard to tell which newcomers will see the field early in the season. Hannah Osland (5-10, Scottsdale AZ) started against Wright State in the preseason and earned quality minutes. Several others also saw the field with the intention of moving into the rotation for the season opener. Considering last year’s incoming class failed to poach anyone on the A10 All-Rookie team, the 2018 class must make an immediate impact. Dayton needs difference-makers on the field and with a couple exceptions, nobody’s job is watertight – that’s the reality on a team that struggles in the three basic areas of play – scoring, defending, and possession. There’s no better time to be a freshman at UD, but competition will force the vets to up their game as well. Everybody wins.
The Flyer non-conference schedule is challenging and road-heavy to start the season. Dayton opens up at JMU on Thursday, followed by William & Mary on Sunday Aug. 19. Dayton opens the home schedule on Aug. 23 vs Louisville then take a bus to Ypsilanti, MI, for a match at Eastern Michigan three days later. Four consecutive matches follow at Baujan Field against Butler, Akron, Florida Gulf Coast, and Xavier to finish the non-league schedule. The Flyers may be underdogs in all but Akron, EMU, and Xavier – and those won’t be “gimmes“ either. Anything close to .500 heading into the league schedule would be considered a huge success, but that’s a tall order.
UD opens A10 play at George Mason on Sep. 20, followed by trip to Duquesne on the 23rd. The Flyers return home for three matches against VCU, St. Joseph’s, and Saint Louis before traveling to Davidson on Oct. 7th. League power LaSalle visits on Oct. 11, then GW hosts the Flyers on the 14th.
Dayton remains on the road with a match at Richmond on Oct. 18, then finish the regular season at home vs. UMass on Oct. 23. Dayton hosts this year’s A10 Tournament. First round games are on campus sites, followed by the semis and finals at Baujan Field.
It’s a program in transition and this year may not be so different from last season where the Flyers probably hit their ceiling with a .500 overall record. The “goals for Golz” this year will likely focus on more player development, tactics, and better balance on the field by the end of the season. Last year was a season of too few doing too much while too many offered too little. That has to change in year two even if the wins and losses don’t necessarily reflect the progress being made. More players must pull their weight and do it on a more consistent basis. More players must affect game play and affect outcomes rather than enjoy a front-row seat. There must be greater accountability when those metrics fall short, and with a larger roster and a plethora of fresh faces, a seat on the bench is the best place to re-evaluate those priorities while others buy in.
Kiehl’s departure cannot be overstated; she made a lot of team shortcomings feel slightly less caustic. UD returns just one All-Conference player on the entire roster and she plays in the back line. That Nadia Pestell is also UD’s most consistent attacking player at the moment is a bit of an indictment on the remaining Flyer offense. It’s time for everyone – both offensively and defensively – to check their hearts and minds into more matches or step aside. Work rate and soccer IQ must take a Paul Bunyon-sized step forward – even if the execution is still a work in progress. This is a program still searching for its old identity; not necessarily Mike Tucker’s coaching fingerprints but the prevailing attitude of a program built on a commitment to excellence.
Neither Golz or the Flyer program can be judged once again under the same lens as past UD teams sporting names like Ashley Campbell, Nicole Waters, and Colleen Williams. Like it or not, Dayton is probably still a year away from being a year away. Expect more teething and indigestion at times as the Flyers turn the simple things into complications. Despite the challenging schedule, absence of star power on offense, major ball possession shortcomings in the central third, and a back line that surrenders too many soft goals, we believe the program is headed in the right direction. Whether that involves existing players getting better or the purging of dead weight, that’s for the coaching staff to iron out. Dayton has something last year’s team didn’t have – a huge class of first-year players not familiar with last year’s struggles. That alone may spark something.
The A10 will pose a challenge once again. There are too many solid teams with fewer question marks that, on paper, stand a better chance of fighting toward the top of the league. The Flyers qualified for the A10 Tourney last year on the final day of the regular season and that could happen again this year. UD’s margin for error remains exceedingly thin and their A10 chances may hinge on the talent of the league as much as their own. A Top-8 finish is required.
The metrics tell us finishing 8th or better won’t get any easier than last year. Yet, Dayton has never failed to qualify for the A10 postseason tournament. By hook or by crook we think UD will punch their ticket again, if even by the slimmest of margins. Perhaps the motivating factor of playing host to the A10 Tournament will give the team an extra incentive. Still, fans must be realistic about 2018’s expectations and grade the team’s performance accordingly. Measuring progress by run-of-play rather than wins and losses will offer a more accurate assessment of program trajectory. The 2018 Flyers can exceed expectations by doing a few things in a few key areas they failed to achieve last season. Knocking the team GAA down to under 1.00 would be a great start. Turning the Flyer midfield into ball-winning, possession-dominating psychopaths would be a great November finish.
Head coach of the UD women's soccer team. Career leader in A10 wins, Tucker's teams have made the NCAA tournament five times including one Sweet 16 appearance. Seven league titles and two NSCAA All-Americans. Consistently develops league Offensive and Defensive Players of the Year. Tucker's ability to remain at or near the top of the A10 each season has been a consistent force. Excellent recruiter with proven record of signing prep All-Americans and other talent that's under-rated. Fierce scheduler willing to play anyone anytime.
Coaches have picked the Flyers 7th, the Explorers 2nd, and the Billikens 1st. I do want to reiterate the Flyers sched is much more favorable this year than last, having home dates with both SJU and La Salle helps. So I will say the Flyers have a good chance at 5 wins in conf and a pretty certain playoff spot, as long as everything is good with the incoming group. I don't view 11 incoming freshmen as a weakness but as an opportunity to have renewed competitive balance in many areas of the field. Think of OOC as an audition and expect a lot of shared minutes!
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2019-04-23T22:04:36Z
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http://www.udpride.com/forums/showthread.php?s=542ca9dc9200efae3daa8a94e04a9b9a&p=556647
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2019-04-18T23:14:55Z
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http://www.planaslegal.com/blog/lajuntament-de-terrassa-i-la-taxa-als-pisos-buits-1/
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I read the article and I agree with you, in that this nation, its people, would do far better if we continued moving ahead, with space exploration, new technologies, and simpler and more efficient manners of taking care of our own citizens.
If we are to lead, then we need to lead and demonstrate our resolve to overcome adversity, including set backs.
Do not, for an instant, give up.
I salute you and all those at NASA and associated contractors.
Keep up the good work of Exploration!
I cannot imagine a world without NASA. There is almost nothing in today’s world that compares. Is there anywhere another government agency in the world like it? No. Similar but not the same. Lots of imitators and rightly so. Would we have the tech knowledge we enjoy today, to the extent of taking it for granted as many do. No. As I look around my house full of electronic and household gadgets I see a tiny blue ‘meatball’ emblazoned on them, if only in my mind because I know somewhere a NASA scientist or engineer has touched it or breathed life into it.
Are we lucky to have such dedication? You bet and we’d better not loose it to political infighting or neglect.
Count among your blessings the tiny but mighty agency called NASA. Encourage your kids and yourself to get involved or we just may loose the ‘meatball’ and all it means. Write your congressman or the president and tell them we need NASA to lead the ‘green’ revolution as strange as it may seem. Our tiny space agency is all ready going green in many ways. The obvious is the water recycling system on ISS. Remarkable, it recycles all moisture from the air and from human usage. Another obvious contribution is solar power. We have solar panels that can take us to Jupiter now. Amazing stuff! And there’s so much more. What we learn ‘out there’ directly impacts what we have and know here. Hubble, Chandra, Spitzer and many many other orbiting labs and Earth observers have enhanced our lives, warned of climate change and offered hope for tomorrow in these hard times.
NASA centers are cleaning themselves up in a green way as well. It’s a tough job, but needs to be done. Always a leader we need NASA. To the moon or to the grocery store. The ‘meatball’ is a sign of American quality we can all be proud of. Let’s not loose it.
PS: So many disrespect the Shuttle for being around for a long time with nowhere to go in low Earth orbit. I remember reading that an early proposal for the shuttle had it launched from a plane, and had a space station to be built by and for shuttle missions. Our first permanent steps to the stars. This was in the late 60s or early 70s. All of it was canned except the Shuttle. Why? Money? Lack of public support? Nixon? Anybody know?
Thanks for the blog. I count you Wayne Hale, as a teacher and as an asset to the entire US. I have space memorabilia I’d love you to sign. That is how much I respect all you have done for US. Thanks again.
This is all terribly depressing. What can I do, beyond the usual “write your Congressman”?
I am further depressed by how few comments there are, here. Still. Hopefully, all those people went and commented under the Derbyshire piece, instead. I haven’t checked. I’ve been thinking about this all week, and it’s bugging me. Thing I realized is, I’m confused. I can’t tell where this guy is coming from. Maybe he’s confused. Either ending human space flight would be a further sign of our country’s decrepitude and lack of spirit — or space flight was dumb and pointless, and those old-time Chinese were right to burn their fleet, because it was all folly. Was there a layer of sarcasm I’ve missed, even after 4 readings?
I have so much to say (I’ve written up notes! In the car!), and blog comments are awkward, because one doesn’t want to take up too much space and one isn’t even sure if anybody anywhere is reading them, so I’ll stop here for now.
I get very, very sad when I ponder how short the timeframe is before we retire the Space Shuttle. Granted, many people believe it was and has been a waste of time and money – but, really, what they don’t understand, is how difficult human spaceflight can be, as well as all we learn about living in space each time one launches. It takes a lot of practice to go from an “experimental vehicle” to one we depend on. Having spent the past twelve years or so in the aerospace industry, I’m still amazed at how people can live and work in space. And, all the while, they are not only learning about a new frontier, but continuing to teach us things about the earth where we currently live. I’m also amazed how so many take for granted our wonderful life on earth, while our astronauts put their lives at risk for those new discoveries, which will continue to benefit future generations. I think Americans have just become so jaded, indifferent, and apathetic about spaceflight, that eventually, unless they step up and offer support, they will be sadly disappointed when the contributions of spaceflight come from other countries. Wayne, you do such a good job of keeping us inspired, and for that, I am grateful.
I fear a dismantling of all things good at NASA. I have to say I was dismayed at the comments of the President’s nominee’s for administrator and associate administrator when asked how to to spark interest in NASA and its missions again. They were probably being political in their response, but chasing ones tail in orbit is not the way to spark interest! Don’t get me wrong, I think that the space station is a wonderful asset, but when I dream, I don’t dream of going to the space station to go to the space station. I dream of going to the space station to go to the Moon. I dream of going to the space station to go to Mars.
Sigh, I’m working on my Chinese.
No comments posted at the Derbyshire article…because there’s no comment mechanism.
My take on the Derbyshire article was, “Huh? What game are you watching?” It’s clear he and Wayne are looking at the same things…but not SEEING the same things.
To me Wayne’s position seems self-evident, so maybe I’m too wrapped up in that viewpoint myself, but it seems to me the only way you can take the same evidence and come to Derbyshire’s conclusions is willful blindness. A heaping helping of universal pessimism also helps. That may be the key factor–it’s evident in the title of Derbyshire’s book noted at the end of the article.
If we want our country (and our planet) to be great, it seems to me, we must be brave enough to be optimistic, even while being realistic and attentive to the situation at hand.
Mr. Buchner, I wrote a huge ginormous reply to your lament, however, it was not printed here. Maybe because it was ginormously huge.
Anyway, in short (for me) here are a few things you can do to promote NASA. Become involved with your local museum, school district or planetarium and bring an astronaut to town..Have a star party. The JSC website gives in real time ISS sightings and hints for star parties, food, etc. The ‘NASA Edge’ guys had a bar-b-que featuring an original foodie project: the Shuttledog and it was great fun! Get the kids involved and it’s even better.
Become a ‘Tiny Blogger’..whuzzat? It’s you and me sharing the good stuff NASA does for our country and the world, with our email buddies. I have sent so many Hubble pictures, Mars images and articles and Cassini images and articles about Saturn, to name only a few, that people have told me they would pay more taxes if they knew the money would go to NASA.
A little searching and you can find many spin-offs to tell people about. Today for example, and this is the truth, I had my teeth scaled with a tool that used ultrasound and water instead of brute force and a chisel to clean off that nasty tartar that sticks to your teeth. I heard about this tool on NASA tv (ever watch it?) and found a dentist with just that tool. Well worth the effort.
NASA tv has won an Emmy, the NASA portal has won a Webby, and so has the Cassini site. People are hustling to get the word out at NASA and the least I can do is help them, in my own small way. Some day I wish to be a NASA Ambassador, maybe you can do that, too. After all space is a pretty big place.
Don’t give up, and keep looking up!
Previous Previous post: Its your choice,really.
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2019-04-19T12:35:30Z
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https://blogs.nasa.gov/waynehalesblog/2009/06/29/post_1246303539257/
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2. PYRAMIDS, TEMPLES, AND URBAN CENTERS.
Built for King Zoser (founder of the Third Dynasty in Egypt). The ziggurat (stepped pyramid in form) was built in levels to a height of about 200 feet.. Levels increased in size as a progression downward. The stepped pyramid of Zoser is a monumentalized version of the Mastaba tomb. A mastaba is an ancient Egyptian tomb which is box like and has sloping sides. The pyramid was thought to protect the underground tomb beneath it.
The mortuary complex of Zoser is an enclosed rectangle measuring 545 meters by 278 meters (1788 x 912 feet) surrounded by a 10 meter limestone wall (32.8′). Entry is at the southeast corner, to a processional corridor, to the main court which contained 2 ‘B’ shaped stones and an alter at the base of the pyramid. The complex also contains other courtyards, a double palace and dummy structures. The dummy structures were symbols of the kings power and royal holdings. Upper Egypt, lower Egypt, and the provinces were represented as structures. As a complex of individual pieces with relationships to one another and a social order, Saqqara represents the beginning of architecture as a composition of meaningful forms–enclosure, axial corridor, vertical mass, and the articulated wall.
The architect ‘Imhotep’ may be considered the first architect in history, and is often cited as the inventor of building in stone. He stands as one of the few named architects of ancient Egypt, and was respected as royalty.
The Pyramid of Zoser was an important precedent for later Egyptian architecture.
Three great pyramids of Cheops, Chephren and Mycerinus. In plan they represent a clear repetition of form and identical orientation. Each consists of a pyramid (tomb), a mortuary temple at the foot of the pyramid, a causeway leading to a ‘valley temple’ on the river. Cheops pyramid is the largest (originally 230 x 230 meters (755 feet) and 146.6 meters high/475′). Chephren Pyramid 215 x 215 meters (705 feet) square and 143.5 meters (471 feet ) high.
The clean form of the pyramids may come from the ben ben in the temple of the sun god at Heliopolis. The ben ben is a stone with a pyramidal or conical top, an ancestor of the obelisk. The pyramids primarily functioned as tombs, and housed items to carry the dead kings into the afterlife. It was believed that the dead king ascended to heaven on the rays of the sun.
Cheops – square base and aligned with the cardinal points of the compass, with its burial chambers situated in the heart of the pyramid.
Work on the pyramids took place from late July through late October – recognizing the floods of the Nile, during which agricultural activities could not take place (acknowledging the landscape sequence and events). The floods also enabled the movement of stone via boat from upper Egypt.
The mid size pyramid of Chefren best exhibits the funerary precincts for ceremony and ritual generally associated with the approaches to the pyramids–monolithic piers and lintels–and the Great Sphinx (carved from rock left from the quarrying of stone for the pyramid).
The Great Sphinx probably represents Chefren as the sun god at the eastern horizon – the sunrise. The pyramids at Giza characterize power through the clear, simple form of the pyramid, symbolically tying earth to the heavens, mountain to the sun, representing the king as the son of Ra.
Hill of Heaven and associated with the moon god ‘Nanna’. The structure is a Ziggurat or stepped pyramid (62 meters x 43 meters (205′ x 141′) by 21 meters height (70′)).
The ziggurat Rose to the sky as an artificial mountain erected as a meeting place halfway between earth and the heavens. God and priest or god and priestess met for the good of the people at the top of the temple. To further enhance the representation as a mountain it is thought that trees may have been planted on the terraces. The plan is oriented with its corners to the cardinal directions.
The transition to rock cut tombs from the pyramids took place due to increased robberies primarily caused by a lack of appropriate security from robbers. Rock cut tombs occasionally reached a depth of 500 feet into the living stone and were virtually unseen. The highly visible mortuary temples were generally displaced from the actual tomb sites.
The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut is prominently sited as an expression of royal power overlooking the Nile. Hatshepsut is the earliest female monarch on record. The queens temple was built adjacent to an earlier temple for Mentuhotep I, which was also a terraced design, and probably the precedent for that of Hatshepsut. Hatshepsuts temple is much larger and more extravagant in detail, its design also reflects a more powerful relationship between the cliffs of the Nile valley and the architecture of the complex. The funerary temple architecturally abstracts and interprets its natural counterpart – the mountain.
At Hatshepsuts mortuary complex a strong processional Sequence is present.
A gateway opens onto a court space (1 in the image) with a ramp signified by painted sphinxes at the base of either side. The ramp leads up to a terrace space (2 in the image) which was planted with sacred Myrrh trees. The colonnaded face of the terrace was backed with a wall of carved reliefs representing the events of Hatshepsuts life. A second ramp leads up to another terrace space (3 in the image) with a long portico which had statues of the queen, overlooking the valley in front of each column. The next space on that same terrace, in the sequence was an enclosed court, surrounded by a double colonnade, and finally to the rock cut sanctuary dedicated to Amun (4 in the image).
Amun was understood to be the local god of Thebes who united with the sun god Re, and as Amun-re was elevated to Egyptian national deity.
Hatshepsuts tomb is composed of three terraces connected by long ramps and the inclusion of the mountain behind which takes on the symbolic role of the pyramid from the old kingdom. It is also organized along the axis of the great temple of Amon at Karnak on the opposite side of the Nile.
On axis with the funerary temple of Queen Hatshepsut, approximately 8 kilometers (5 miles) to the East, across the Nile.
Built upon and added to by many monarchs, creating a large collective temple.
Royal inscriptions and reliefs cover the walls and columns.
The overall composition eventually contained many pieces, which include various temples, a sacred lake, a huge wall and a linear connection to the temple at Luxor by an avenue of sphinxes.
Largely the work of Amenophis III, although an older sanctuary existed. Pylons added by Ramses II. Dedicated to the Theban triad – Amun, Mut, and Khons.
The temple of Queen Hatshepsut, The complex at Karnak, and the Temple of Luxor collectively create a vast sequence and intentional spatial organization.
The Temple of Ramses II is sculpted from living rock to a depth of 55 meters (180 feet) into the cliff.
The facade at the entry acts as a grand gateway with 4 seated statues of Ramses II.
The statues stand about 65 feet high, and at the feet of Ramses were figures representing his family.
Inside the temple stand eight 30 foot high statues of Ramses and relief images on the walls that record great battles.
A short distance away carved into the same cliff is the small temple at Abu Simbel dating from about 1301 BC also. Built by Ramses II, dedicated to his queen Nefertari and the Goddess Hathor.
Considered to be the center of the world. Delphi symbolically represents nature and man brought together between the sea and the hills. The temple of Apollo according to legend housed Apollo since 4 days after his birth, at which time he killed a serpent (representing the forces of nature) and claimed victory.
The pathway to the temple of Apollo and on to the theater, begins at the lower end of the sanctuary, rises up the hillside crisscrossing past various structures and other artifacts or remnants of Greek city states. As a collection, the artifacts serve as representation of a democratic society.
Delphi has been important as the sanctuary of gaia, the original goddess of the earth and fertility.
2. A statue of Fortuna with Jupiter and Juno in her lap about 100 meters (328′) down the hillside from the temple of Fortuna.
Organized symmetrically on an axis – stairs, ramps, colonnades and terraces define the sequence. Ramps were enclosed by walls discouraging any view until reaching the platform along the central axis where the view to the landscape below is revealed, giving great power to the axis. The axial organization suggests the continuum to the ultimate goal – the temple.
At Palestrina architecture has a highly articulated relationship to the landscape setting. Seven wide terraces move up the steep hillside to a theater framed by a colonnade and crowned by the round temple of Fortuna. The entire hillside was fused with architecture, a situation that was an aesthetic consideration, rather than a religious one.
The architects of the Hagia Sophia were primarily known as mathematicians. Anthemius of Tralles and Isisdorus of Miletus.
Built by Emperor Justinian with the aim of being the largest Christian building, particularly larger than the Roman ones – – it was. Hagia Sophia also differed from its roman predecessors in that the dome which symbolized the dome of heaven was very visible, instead of being hidden by the pediment of the facade as would have been the Roman ones. The dome creates a highly articulated and dominant skyline seen from far away.
The dome affect had been present in India some time earlier and was an important symbol of the cosmos, these images are of the Great Stupa at Sanchi.
The building symbolizes the world mountain (“Meru”) of Indian cosmology. Galleries contain over a 1000 panels of sculpture depicting the life of Buddha and stories from Buddhist texts.
The details are all dictated by religious beliefs rather than architectural principles.
Built as a temple to the god-king as a monument to himself. The structure contained an Inner sanctuary and was representative of a mountain.
Walls are decorated with relief sculpture representing stories, legendary events, and daily lives of the common people.
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2019-04-20T04:56:35Z
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https://la.agsci.colostate.edu/people/brad-goetz/land120/pyramids-temples-and-urban-centers/
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Black Sea Travels – Day 9, Artvin to …anywhere PLEASE!
Back to room, packed, prayed for a good day and bought water before heading off towards Ardanuç with the damp washing laid out on the parcel shelf! Going east from Artvin, the road was far more windy and steep, as though the construction guys had given up on tunnels and decided to go around and over the mountains instead. We were amazed at the speed that some of the Turkish drivers used on this road, although after being overtaken by one van, we later passed it pulled up on the verge with one passenger outside, bent over after being ill… Oh dear. The high roads also gave us a full view of the new dam project this side of Artvin, and a sudden understanding of what a ‘scarred landscape’ really looks like. Everywhere lines in the hillsides and electric wires zigged zagged infront of us, and it actually felt quite devastatingly shocking after passing through so much untouched countryside before.
As we passed through the mountains and further from the verdant, rainy coast, the landscape changed to be more arid and scrubby. Again, this came as a surprise after the tree-covered slopes before. Entering into a dusty, dry gorge, we soon came across Ardanuç Ferhatlı kalesı (Ferhatlı castle) which was mounted on a rocky outcrop overlooking the steep sided valley.
As we stepped out to take pictures, the heat and the sound of the crickets hit us with force, and although the olive lined valley floor provided a quite intriguing contrast to the bare rock beneath the castle, we were glad to get back to the air-conditioned car! It seemed as though we had just slipped through a door into a totally different country. At the other end of the gorge was Ardanuç castle, which, although less impressive in itself, showed off an incredible location on top of an unnaturally flat plateau of rock.
We then continued along what we thought was the main road marked clearly on our new map. However, the road just seemed to get worse and worse… What was more, this road was following the river on the valley floor, whereas our desired road seemed to be much higher and staying above the valley. The gorge was amazing, but the road had no surface and was severely pot-holed. Halfway along we found a building site, where work was going on to take rock from the cliff, presumably to widen the track. But still no good road. We then emerged from the gorge into a new valley where the track was equally small, but the surrounding hills were far more alpine in look. After another few km we admitted that the roads we were seeing differed so much from the map in hand that we really were lost. We stopped to ask directions from 4 ladies (actually the only 4 people we had seen wandering along the track) who confirmed that we were a way from our intended route and directed us up a track that apparently took us to a village where we could (according to the map) meet the main road at a later point. So, we headed off, only to realise that the track was just as bumpy and pot-holed, yet now also steep as it was starting to climb the valley side. There were also a few vehicles coming down the track which meant progress was slow and cautious.
After a while we had climbed along and up far enough to have a view over the whole wide spreading valley. It was absolutely stunning and very Heidi-esque. By now though we were feeling rather desperate to find a good road. Surely it was only a matter of time before the car decided to give up on such poor, bumpy and steep roads? We drove on into another village where Mark jumped out and asked directions from some villagers chatting and drinking tea by the village mosque. They pointed onwards to a village of wooden chalets that we hoped would be Geçitli, the village where we could meet the main road. Upon arrival there, with no sign of any main road (or any road at all, for that matter), Mark jumped out again and spoke with two elderly men. At this point Ruth suddenly became aware that the flies flying into the car through Mark’s open door were HUGE; about the length of the top part of your thumb. Euuugh! Disgusting.
The men directed us up a road that actually seemed better paved than we had hoped, but, after driving for a minute or so, we saw that the road was continuing onwards to the valley side, with no mountain pass to drive through, just up, up, up on a steep winding curve. At this point we felt quite trapped. We couldn’t go back along the awful track, but the only way onwards was to scale the mountain in front of us. We had to go on, so pushed the poor car into a first gear crawl up the hill. What a hill! We wound around and up for a good few km without any sign of it stopping. And then, as we reached a long straight uphill stretch with views across the whole valley floor, the car made some distressed squealing noises, and we knew it had had enough.
Part of the view from where we broke down… not bad!
We halted halfway up the straight and turned the car off. Quite honestly, we really didn’t know what we were going to do. The village below had nowhere official to stay, we had no signal on our mobile phone and there was no shade on the road we were on because we were so high that only grass was able to grow. Even if we had managed to contact the car people in Istanbul, it was unlikely any breakdown cover (if they had any) would be able to find us here. Our only hope was that the car just needed a rest…! Mark opened the bonnet and immediately we could hear that the water in the car was boiling (which it should apparently never do). Of course, we were now so high up (around 2500m) that we could see areas of snow on the hills across the valley, so with high altitude and scorching weather, the water could boil much quicker than normal. We decided to pray and then wait an hour to see if we could continue. Wrapping his hand with an old T-shirt for protection, Mark managed to take off the water lid, much against Ruth’s will (everyone knows that’s very dangerous!), but in the best interest of cooling the car down. We then thought about ourselves. With no shade and thin air, we knew we needed shelter, water and sun protection. We got our hats and sunglasses, doused ourselves in sun cream and drank from our water reserves in the car.
One hour and lots of prayer later we tried the engine again – hurrah! It started! However, the guys had told us there was still 5km to go to the top… We slowly crawled along the track and eventually over the brow of the hill, expecting to see the main road awaiting us. However, all we could see was the dirt track winding off for miles, and road builders’ settlements along the roadsides. We realised that we were driving along a road that hadn’t been built yet! Eventually after another hour of crawling into and out of potholes, beside sheer drops to the valley below, and passing only the occasion JCB and one ruined castle, we reached the floor of the next valley, and found that the road, although still potholed, had at least had tarmac on it at one stage!
This place, and the next few hours of views, can only be explained as alpine plain. The valley floors stretched for miles on either side of the road, but as we were still very high up, no trees were growing here, so the grassland was full of wildflowers (above) whose scent floated on the breeze. Here and there we saw herds of cattle, grazing with their cowherd looking on, and elsewhere geese and ducks enjoyed an occasional puddle. It seemed that the local villages had this whole expanse of nature to themselves.
We continued along the empty road. Unfortunately our map marked towns of vastly varying populations with the same size ‘blob’, so we took a gamble on one that we hoped would be large enough to have a hotel. Some steep roads and a rather worryingly hot car later and we were in Şenkaya, but, to our dismay, our gamble hadn’t paid off and it was too small for a hotel.
Feeling rather like Mary and Joseph (even a stable would do!), we had no choice but to carry on for another hour or two until we could find another place that might be large enough. Along the way we passed Penek Church (one of the sights we had planned to see today before everything went wrong – above), so we took a photo from the road (sad not to be able to stop) and continued. The rock here changed colour again and we saw red outcrops of bare rock emerging from the ground. One massive example looked like Ayers Rock! Magnificent.
A man on the roadside signalled for a lift, so we picked him up and continued to Oltu, which – hurrah – was a good sized place and had at least 3 hotels. Our passenger had said he would find one for us (we had said we wanted to find a hotel) and so he soon found the manager for one place on the main town road. The room was decent and had a very basic shower room. The toilet was a squatty one, shared with other guests, but the manager said we would have this floor (there were 4 rooms to a floor) to ourselves this evening anyway, so we didn’t need to worry. We went out for a walk and found a sparse but welcome park along the riverside. It was also at the foot of an impressive citadel that sits right in the middle of Oltu. Opposite the citadel was an intriguing statue of a hand holding a string of Islamic prayer beads, and we later found that Oltu taşı (Oltu stone) is famously used for making these beads.
Then we found a little lokanta and ate well before watching Old Dogs in our hotel room. This would ordinarily have been a terrible film, but it was quite a relief to watch light-hearted slapstick after a rather long, tense day. Mark went to bed and Ruth went to brush teeth in the corridor sink. Weirdly the hotel receptionist (a guy) chose this moment (10.30pm) to come and ask for our passports and payment! After our long day we both enjoyed a good night’s sleep.
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2019-04-26T15:09:03Z
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https://markandruth.co.uk/2010/07/28/black-sea-travels-day-9-artvin-to-anywhere-please
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If you never need to have to drop a ton of weight, it can take some time to properly lose it. This is because considerably of your body’s body fat will transform to muscle mass. Muscle mass weighs much more than body fat and therefore the scale will not adjust also significantly at first. This write-up will teach you all about shedding fat.
Have a journal to track your day-to-day calorie ingestion. This will help you eat considerably less, and make better alternatives regarding the food that you take in. Although exercise is crucial, eating a healthy diet regime is the amount one way to lessen your fat and maintain it off.
When you are doing exercises to lose excess weight, make confident to focus on aerobics. They will increase your coronary heart charge although aiding you burn extra unwanted fat far more speedily than exercise routines made for resistance. Anytime your coronary heart rate is increased and stays improved for a time period of time is regarded as cardio exercise. This is useful simply because any action that you enjoy can be regarded physical exercise as long as your coronary heart price is improved.
Start exercising when you want to shed weight. Be a part of a gym if you have the time and disposable income. You may also want to try jogging, Pilates or Tai Chi. Chat with your medical doctor ahead of beginning a overall health plan. There are a lot of workouts that you can do at home or function.
Get multivitamins when dieting to help with bodyweight decline. When we diet, we typically get rid of our amount of food. As a end result, we probably will not be getting some of the important natural vitamins and minerals that our bodies need to have. Using multivitamins corrects this dilemma and assures you get all the nutritional vitamins you require.
Creating muscle mass is a lot more important than getting rid of excess weight. Constructing muscle mass will enhance your metabolic rate. Apply these suggestions as before long as you can to your fat loss software.
This entry was posted in Reviews on May 23, 2014 by .
Losing bodyweight can be a quite tough process. As you age, dropping excessive fat turns into far more challenging. Building a healthier life-style to accomplish and preserve your body weight is the greatest method. Use the ideas from this report to do just that.
To lose bodyweight without producing sudden alterations, reduce your calorie consumption a small bit every working day. A good idea to follow is to reduce your normal caloric ingestion by about five hundred calories.
A great way to make bodyweight stays down is to not consume in the several hours directly previous bedtime. This may possibly appear like a difficult thing to steer clear of, but it is in your ideal desire to do so. The meals you eat ahead of laying down for mattress does not get burned as swiftly simply because your metabolic charge has slowed down in planning for rest. Try to eat a few several hours just before you go to bed and stay energetic during the night so you burn off these calories.
The people who have the most accomplishment in getting rid of fat are the types who know how to get pleasure from their exercise schedule. The connection in between exercising and fat decline is nicely identified, and the essential to sustaining an exercising software is keeping your motivation substantial. Get out for a stroll with a friend, engage in with your pet or play video online games that stimulate actual physical movements.
Never be ashamed if you have half a plate of food leftover when you are on a bodyweight loss program. Some folks had been raised to end every bite off of their plate, but this is just why several grownups have fat problems when they are more mature. There is nothing at all improper with using leftovers back home. Don’t really feel the need to have to consume every final chunk of foodstuff purely since it truly is on your plate. Pay consideration to what you eat and quit as shortly as you truly feel full.
Maintaining your fat is much easier than attempting to shed weight. When you have misplaced the bodyweight, stick to your healthy behavior, like operating out and ingesting greater. Use the guidelines above to aid you do just that!
These days, we all know how important it is to take care of ourselves with eating right and exercise. Tracking devices like pedometers from PEDUSA help monitor and motivate your physical activity throughout the day, but what can you do to stay on-course when it comes to your eating habits? Nutritionists and weight loss experts agree: tracking your food, or writing down what you eat, is an incredibly effective way to motivate you to make good eating choices. Here are a few reasons why you should be doing it.
A lot of us figure we eat all right. Sure, there’s a few margaritas during happy hour on Friday, and there was that delicious half-rack of ribs when you went out for your sister’s birthday, and then on Monday Helen brought those amazing cupcakes to work…oh wait. Your eating habits can get away from you, fast, and while non-trackers can convince themselves that they “haven’t been doing so badly,” people who write down what they eat every day are faced with the bald facts. And that is where making changes starts.
Once you have a pattern of your eating habits you can begin to make tweaks and adjustments for the better. If your pitfall is a highly caloric caffeinated bomb around 2 p.m., switch to a low-fat, no-whip, sugar-free vanilla latte with an extra shot of espresso instead. The more you make smart swaps, the more you want to keep doing it.
You can pay your electric bill and send flowers via your smart phone, so why not track your daily calorie intake, too? There are tons of apps – many of them free – that conveniently go where you go, enabling you to make those good choices even when temptation is staring out at you from behind the bakery window.
Like eating well, tracking your food is a healthy habit that takes some getting used to but helps you feel and look great.
This entry was posted in Reviews on May 21, 2014 by .
Are you carrying undesirable pounds? Becoming chubby is typical, but you do not have to reside with it. The tips in this article will help you in shedding lbs for the prolonged-time period. You can be productive at losing fat try out these guidelines and see for your self!
If you want to lose fat, cautiously evaluate exercise routines. This is particularly accurate for folks who do not like to exercising. The way to get your physical exercise is by performing other pursuits that mimic a work out, like puppy walking, actively playing ball, obtaining on a bicycle or even climbing in the woods. By carrying out anything exciting, you will look ahead to your exercise rather of dreading it.
A great way to lose fat is to simply continue to be active. Bicycle rides and going for walks can melt away far more calories than sitting down and viewing Television set. Action boosts your metabolic rate and your temper while it builds muscle mass and motivates you.
If you program on getting rid of any fat, you most absolutely have to incorporate exercising into your prepare. You never need to exercise for hrs to lose excess weight. A whole lot of men and women will not have time to physical exercise when they are hectic. Nonetheless, it truly is easy to do things like park farther away from operate or when buying in buy to enhance your mobility degree and melt away additional calories. Just going for walks one particular or two miles a day can support maintain the extra pounds at bay.
Stop obtaining three huge meals every day, and as an alternative try to eat 6 more compact types. It helps prevent starvation emotions and enables you to have smaller sized portions when taking in. You will also eat less energy every single day which will only aid you attain your health and fitness objectives.
There is no magic tablet for fat loss. You have to modify what you are doing bodily and tweak what you are putting into your physique. If you will follow our tips, you will find good results at effectively dropping the weight that you want to get rid of and keeping it off.
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2019-04-23T14:30:55Z
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http://foukouy.com/date/2014/05/page/2
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I’ve been blathering on for months, complaining about people who hate. I love love, but I hate hate, and I hate haters, a category I have recently lumped a large number of people into, taking it upon myself to determine they are terrible for hating. When I realized just how much I hated all of these haters, I knew I had a problem. And I knew I wasn’t alone.
I’m not supposed to hate, right? I’m a Christian and a pastor’s wife, but alas, I’ve fallen down on the job.
I feel it both when the police kill innocent people and when people kill the police who put their lives on the line to protect us. I find myself hating action and inaction. I hate what we’ve become, but also what we used to be. Power and the absence of power. Obsessiveness, and ignorance. Braggadocio and spinelessness. I hate racism and sexism and xenophobia and homophobia and fear-mongering and then I find myself hating the people I have determined haven’t hated that same stuff enough. I hate reading the news, but also not reading the news. Don’t even get me started on the comments section of any article about anything – whether it’s politics or the Golden State Warriors. The comments section is where my fury gets a real workout. I hate inequality and injustice which I think we’re supposed to, but I can feel almost the same level of anger towards everyone from Cleveland Cavaliers’ fans to total strangers who disagree with me on anything, which means, I’ve covered every single one of you. Family, friends, everybody.
And that’s just the darkness contained in my heart…the heart of just one white, (almost?) middle-aged, middle-class, usually chipper Christian mom who wants peace and love and unity, and for everybody to be nice to each other. I want equality and justice, and a better world for my children and your children. But, how can a desire for all that good, thrive and produce in a heart that is taken up with so much darkness?
Which makes me the problem.
I can’t see your heart. I don’t know what’s going on in there, or what’s going on in the heart of GoneFishinPhil63 whose comments on news articles have made me think he’s the devil incarnate. Knowing is not my job and it’s not my business. All I can know is what’s happening in my own heart, and it’s not pretty, and it’s not getting me anywhere, and it sure as heck isn’t helping anybody else, so I’m going to start there. Because what I’ve been doing lately, IS NOT WORKING.
Last night, to add insult to injury, I realized I’ve been reading Martin Luther King, Jr. all wrong, all this time.
My husband, who cares deeply about social justice, and works tirelessly for it as a pastor in San Francisco, posted an MLK, Jr. quote he’s had to go back to again and again, when societal tensions seem to be rising. “Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.” Beautiful, right? I love it. But I’ve been doing it wrong. I’ve been reading it allllllll this time, and thinking, “Yeah, take that, idiots on the other side. I love love and you morons are screwing it up and securing your place on the wrong side of history. Me and Martin Luther King, Jr. are right again!” Nope, the great Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. seems to have been talking to me.
I’m not going to stop hating, by hating some more. The darkness I feel inside isn’t going to leave so I can make room for more darkness. Nothing will change with the set-up I have right now.
So after taking a good long look at my own heart, I’ve decided to remodel. I can’t do ANYTHING, until I’ve done that. It’s not going to be easy; it’s close to a total tear-down job, and I know I’ll need the Man Upstairs who’s a specialist in this kind of work. There will be dust and noise and I won’t know where anything is for a while. However, the new place will be light and airy, and there will be tons of space for accepting and entertaining friends and strangers, but by design, no spot to sit and read the comments section.
This is a gratitude emergency.
Last year, for weeks before Thanksgiving, my Facebook news stream was full of little things that people were thankful for. This year, not so much.
Ok, so things in the world aren’t exactly perfect right now. The air out there is charged with the uncertainty that accompanies transition and that moment just before hope is lost. On the scary scale, uncertainty is right up there with mannequins and clowns.
Jobs are uncertain, relationships are uncertain, health is uncertain. The news is dismal, the weather is weird, and people are cranky.
However, there is something about today that has just got to be great. Start small if necessary. Was your pancake good? Are you wearing your favorite sweater? Is your chair comfortable?
At the beginning of this year, I wrote about my blanket. I was so stressed and tired that I thought I had lost my mind, with the telltale sign being my proclivity for wearing this blanket as a cape. Eleven months later, I am again wearing the blanket as a cape. It’s fine, I get it. I’m a lady who wears a blanket for a cape as I sit typing in the dark early morning hours. It’s soft and warm and I’m happy to have it, even if it makes me look crazy.
You may, as I do, hate the idea that Black Friday starts on Thanksgiving Thursday. Let’s be thankful we can protest by refusing to go out there and get in a shouting match over a panini press with a stressed out woman in a Santa sweatshirt. My plan instead, is to eat an extra piece of pie and lay around, hard, just to make a point. Join me, won’t you?
The Muppets are back, and early reviews are good. You can say “wocka wocka,” and do your best Janice impression (everybody needs to have a Janice/Swedish Chef/Beaker impression at the ready in their backpocket.) Your kids will get it finally and you can feel relevant again!
Don’t forget the people. Of course we are thankful for the people who love us unconditionally, and support us no matter what. Let’s not forget the ones who show up out of nowhere, and bring a little sparkle to the day, even if they don’t mean to.
Our church campus doesn’t get quiet during Thanksgiving week – it comes even more alive. Part of my job is to organize a large Thanksgiving Eve dinner that leaves me depending on an army of volunteers to show up the night before Thanksgiving and help welcome and serve a couple hundred people. Without fail, I have my annual dream a few nights before the dinner, that this is the year the volunteers forget to show up. That dream, along with the one where I am treated to unlimited shoe shopping, has yet to come true. Instead, on Thanksgiving Eve, I am once again surrounded by people who are happily hauling vegetables, counting spoons and lighting candles, though there are plenty of other places they could be.
And then, sometimes, the most significant wallop of gratitude comes from the smallest moment.
Part of John’s job is to oversee our church’s hosting of a shelter for homeless families the two weeks surrounding Thanksgiving. The campus practically bursts at the seams with our lovely guests and the volunteers who arrive in droves to tutor, cook, clean, sit and visit. I walked in on the action a couple of nights ago….not to lend a kind and helping hand, but to track down someone who had something I needed. I came in with an agenda, stomping around in a hurry, when a shelter guest approached me – a boy about 11, the same age as my eldest son. He shook my hand and introduced himself with a strong voice full of cheer and respect. He chatted for a moment before he excused himself, book in hand, to find a quiet spot in the shelter to read. I wanted to yell after him, “When the day comes, you have my vote!” Instead I stood dumbly staring after him as he disappeared behind a curtain.
“That kid’s amazing; he’s going to do great things in life,” John gestured to the boy, after noticing I’d been struck speechless by confusing emotions – awe, sadness, guilt, frustration that there are kids in crummy situations, and affirmation that kids – any kids at all – are capable of such poise and manners. I had come in to the shelter with my thinking eyebrows and gameface on, and that boy was the one who had graciously welcomed me to his very temporary home, which on most days is just our church’s Fellowship Hall. I left, not brimming with gratitude for my house, hot meals or creature comforts, but thankful that I’d met someone who is out there doing what we are all tasked with….reflecting light, joy, hospitality, and kindness into a world that could really use it.
I am thankful for you! Wishing you and yours a very Happy Thanksgiving.
This Christmas tree is so distracting. It’s getting in the way of my desire to do laundry and catch up on chores. I’m having a harder time enforcing bedtime, and snapping orders like “wash your hands!” to whichever grubby little dude is running by me that moment. It’s so festive, and it makes me want to drink hot chocolate and wear a sweater and hug everybody.
Even this week, when things were hectic at work and I STILL did not get a chance to buy stamps, there it was twinkling from the window, like it had been looking down the street waiting for me to come home…tall and sparkly, pretty and happy. It’s close enough to the computer that when I sit down to return emails, or figure out what I want to write about, I usually end up turned in my seat gazing into my fun house mirror reflection on one of the shiny red ornaments. And then of course, I wince when I realize Jacob does this, and I tell him to turn around and focus.
Sure, I appreciate it’s beauty and cheeriness, but right now I can also point at it, and say “Look at that! It’s done. I got something done!” A major accomplishment during a time where I feel like I’m spinning in circles at work and at home, all while fussing and fretting, and talking about how busy I am. Of course, I’m busy, who isn’t? It’s near impossible to find someone who’s not overcommitted or stressed out or even a little grumpy. I’m never grumpier though, than when I run across that person who’s been “done” for a month thanks to the wonders of forethought and online shopping. They’re the worst.
John pointed out that even when you’re a kid, you cannot fully relax until you’ve checked something off your list: face time with Santa. Because up until you talk to him directly, you’re really not too sure if your request has been noted or lost out there in the ether. So yesterday, we sucked it up and went to see Santa to help Zach with his to-do list.
Jake did not want to see Santa. He’s 10 now and has that shag haircut. He reminded me that I promised him last year he wouldn’t have to go again, even if it was just to support his little brother. But there he stood, relatively without complaint, the tallest kid in line and with only the promise of Mongolian BBQ at the end.
The “elf” in the apron who made us very well aware that she hated working evenings and that it was almost time for her break, looked at us like we were nuts for turning down a photo package. This isn’t my first time at the rodeo, you know, I wanted to tell her. We were there on a mission, get in, tell Santa about the “Star Wars book with Luke in it,” and get out – check it off the list. At our mall, right before you get to Santa, you enter a huge snowglobe that, yes, snows on you. The kids go bananas. Laying in it, running their fingers through it and rubbing as much as they can into their hair. One girl even stood under the blower with her mouth open. It took us a minute to remember that this is not in fact, snow. It’s billions of flakes of plastic, possibly asbestos, but certainly not snow. It does not adorably melt out of your hair. It does not taste like the purest glacier water on the planet.
I pull Zachary over to me, and we start working the flakes from his hair and his all-black outfit, including his favorite shirt of all time which is the reason we had to keep him calm – the official World Champion San Francisco Giants, Buster Posey, #28 shirt. Of course, now I see the that this stuff is falling on me too, and I try ducking my head out of the way like I’m being attacked by bees. It’s in all of our hair, but the kid in line behind us is still rolling around in it. I use myself as a human shield between him and Zach when the kid starts yelling “snowball fight snowball fight snowball fight snowball fight!” I dodge and block and duck and swipe, while John shakes his head at me…“You and nature,” he says with a sigh. Now I could have corrected him here, and reminded him that we were still at the mall and not on the frozen tundra, but that wouldn’t have done any good, because this is pretty much exactly what I am like in nature too.
“I heard it’s good,” Santa says looking at me, as I slink away, tugging Zach behind me.
Then I realize, as we often do and sometimes too late – this is it. Right here, right now. I will remember this hour of standing in line with the three boys, chatting and dodging that horrific flakey snow, and Zach advocating on my behalf to Santa, much longer than I will remember a fleeting moment of satisfaction from having accomplished something. Why on Earth, would I want this to be done?
We’re reminded from the pulpit on Sundays that Advent is a time of waiting, preparation, and anticipation. But I don’t think it’s the kind of preparation we’re used to – we share this space with other flustered people and their lists and stressers. What if we stopped focusing on the lists, and enjoyed the part where we’re sharing the space with people who love us, or people who need us. This is the part where we really get to help each other…during the waiting that can otherwise seem like such a chore. I don’t need another 17 days ‘til I can care about you, I’d like to enjoy you right now, while we wait.
Once again, Thanksgiving week has turned out to be one of my busiest at work. And although, some might beg to differ, it’s not retail. Church has been completely abuzz this week with energy and all kinds of activity – people carrying boxes, rolling carts, and yelling questions to each other across the parking lot. And though I might be running around yelling “Wow, it’s busy! And it’s cold! Can you believe how cold it is?!” I totally have the warm fuzzies. Because it seems entirely appropriate to me that church would be a hub of gratitude.
I’ve thought a lot about gratitude, watching all of these people and reading your wonderful, real, funny, tender Facebook updates about the things you are thankful for. And if you sit down and think really hard about what it means to be thankful, I mean really hard, like the kind of thinking you do when you randomly fixate on the chicken/egg dilemma, it will knock your flippin’ socks off.
And when you think that hard, it becomes pretty clear that even though they can sometimes give you a headache or make you want to hide under your desk, the greatest blessings God sends us, whether we like it or not, come in the form of beautifully flawed people and the little people things that they do, often when we least expect it. We are gifted every day without deserving it, and it is such a treat and a humble honor to think of the kind things that people have done for seemingly no reason at all. Invisible little blessings that when they are all put together, are sometimes the things that simply get us through the day, or even change the trajectory of our month. I’m not talking about generic people out there somewhere, but specific people with faces and everything. Know what? That’s you – I’m thankful for you. Yup, you. You might not even know you’re doing it, but you are and it rocks.
Thanks for the homemade soup last week. Thanks for inviting me to your wedding. Thanks for complimenting my hat. Thanks for the nice email out of the blue. Thanks for your understanding that I haven’t been able to return that email as fast as I should and that I didn’t call like I was supposed to. Thanks for the gift card. Thanks for lending me that book. Thanks for helping me out on this event, and that one last year too. Thanks for the advice on that thing. Thanks for lunch. Thanks for making me laugh. Thanks for driving. Thanks for calling. Thanks for grabbing me an iced tea. Thanks for the baby announcement. Thanks for leaving that cookie on my desk. Thanks for sending me that funny video, even thought it wouldn’t work on my computer. Thanks for offering to feed our new kitty when we’re away. Thanks for posting such funny Facebook comments. Thanks for giving me your last Kit Kat. Thanks for reading this blog. Thanks for the flowers. Thanks for agreeing with me. Thanks for confirming that I am not, in fact, crazy. Thanks for digging Twilight with me. Thanks for putting up with me, even though I’m totally annoying when it comes to Twilight. Thanks for being so nice to that lady, when I just didn’t have the energy. Thanks for loving me. Thanks for letting me love you.
And because I care for you – I beg of you. Please don’t go to Kohl’s at 3:00 am. Stay up late and play a game with your friends. Eat a second piece of pie. Watch a movie you’ve seen a thousand times, but do not go to Kohl’s at 3:00 am. It will not make you feel better. It is scary out there. Not because it’s completely dark, and you’re hanging out where nobody has any business being that early in the morning. It’s scary because there are people out there who will not think twice about taking you down if you stand in between them and that talking doll/flat screen/video game system/electronic picture frame. I went out early once– it was for an all-terrain remote control car. I mean, thank God I was there right? I got it. I was a winner. Jake played with it and played with it. And by that, I mean he played with it exactly twice. The closest it got to all terrain was driving over the other toys that lay forgotten in its path. Plus, getting up early is hard.
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2019-04-21T16:35:28Z
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https://colleenweems.com/category/faith/
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Kessler, Eva-Marie and Blachetta, Christin 2018. Age cues in patients’ descriptions influence treatment attitudes. Aging & Mental Health, p. 1.
Hoff, Tanja 2018. Psychotherapie mit Älteren bei Sucht und komorbiden Störungen. p. 1.
Stefanopoulou, Evgenia Lewis, David Taylor, Matthew Broscombe, James Ahmad, Javid and Larkin, Jan 2018. Are Digitally Delivered Psychological Interventions for Depression the Way Forward? A Review. Psychiatric Quarterly, Vol. 89, Issue. 4, p. 779.
Tyrer, Peter 2018. Dimensions fit the data, but can clinicians fit the dimensions?. World Psychiatry, Vol. 17, Issue. 3, p. 295.
Cheung, Elaine O Addington, Elizabeth L Bassett, Sarah M Schuette, Stephanie A Shiu, Eva W Cohn, Michael A Leykin, Yan Saslow, Laura R and Moskowitz, Judith T 2018. A Self-Paced, Web-Based, Positive Emotion Skills Intervention for Reducing Symptoms of Depression: Protocol for Development and Pilot Testing of MARIGOLD. JMIR Research Protocols, Vol. 7, Issue. 6, p. e10494.
Cuijpers, Pim Karyotaki, Eirini Reijnders, Mirjam and Huibers, Marcus J. H. 2018. Who benefits from psychotherapies for adult depression? A meta-analytic update of the evidence. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Vol. 47, Issue. 2, p. 91.
Marchetti, Igor Everaert, Jonas Dainer-Best, Justin Loeys, Tom Beevers, Christopher G. and Koster, Ernst H.W. 2018. Specificity and overlap of attention and memory biases in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 225, Issue. , p. 404.
Rüegg, Nina Moritz, Steffen and Westermann, Stefan 2018. Metacognitive Training Online. Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie, Vol. 29, Issue. 1, p. 35.
Tuithof, Marlous ten Have, Margreet van Dorsselaer, Saskia Kleinjan, Marloes Beekman, Aartjan and de Graaf, Ron 2018. Course of subthreshold depression into a depressive disorder and its risk factors. Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 241, Issue. , p. 206.
Ebert, David Daniel Buntrock, Claudia Lehr, Dirk Smit, Filip Riper, Heleen Baumeister, Harald Cuijpers, Pim and Berking, Matthias 2018. Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, Vol. 49, Issue. 1, p. 71.
Zhong, B. L. Liu, T. B. Chan, S. S. M. Jin, D. Hu, C. Y. Dai, J. and Chiu, H. F. K. 2018. Common mental health problems in rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shenzhen, China: prevalence and risk factors. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, Vol. 27, Issue. 03, p. 256.
Arango, Celso Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M McGorry, Patrick D Rapoport, Judith Sommer, Iris E Vorstman, Jacob A McDaid, David Marín, Oscar Serrano-Drozdowskyj, Elena Freedman, Robert and Carpenter, William 2018. Preventive strategies for mental health. The Lancet Psychiatry, Vol. 5, Issue. 7, p. 591.
Ahern, Elayne Kinsella, Stephen and Semkovska, Maria 2018. Clinical efficacy and economic evaluation of online cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research, Vol. 18, Issue. 1, p. 25.
Kessler, Eva-Marie and Tegeler, Christina 2018. Psychotherapeutisches Arbeiten mit alten und sehr alten Menschen. Psychotherapeut, Vol. 63, Issue. 6, p. 501.
Shimada, Koji Kasaba, Ryoko Fujisawa, Takashi X. Sakakibara, Nobuko Takiguchi, Shinichiro and Tomoda, Akemi 2018. Subclinical maternal depressive symptoms modulate right inferior frontal response to inferring affective mental states of adults but not of infants. Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 229, Issue. , p. 32.
Miloseva, Lence Vukosavljevic-Gvozden, Tatjana Milosev, Vladimir and Davis, Thompson 2018. Can We Predict and Prevent Subclinical Depression in Adolescents?. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol. 206, Issue. 2, p. 102.
To examine whether psychotherapies are effective in reducing depressive symptoms, reduce the risk of developing major depressive disorder and have comparable effects to psychological treatment of major depression.
We conducted a meta-analysis of 18 studies comparing a psychological treatment of subclinical depression with a control group.
The target groups, therapies and characteristics of the included studies differed considerably from each other, and the quality of many studies was not optimal. Psychotherapies did have a small to moderate effect on depressive symptoms against care as usual at the post-test assessment (g = 0.35, 95% CI 0.23–0.47; NNT = 5, 95% CI 4–8) and significantly reduced the incidence of major depressive episodes at 6 months (RR = 0.61) and possibly at 12 months (RR = 0.74). The effects were significantly smaller than those of psychotherapy for major depressive disorder and could be accounted for by non-specific effects of treatment.
Psychotherapy may be effective in the treatment of subclinical depression and reduce the incidence of major depression, but more high-quality research is needed.
Professor Pim Cuijpers, Department of Clinical Psychology and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Email: [email protected].
C.F.R. is supported by National Institute of Mental Health grant P30 MH90333; no other financial support was received for this study.
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2019-04-25T03:13:05Z
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https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/psychotherapy-for-subclinical-depression-metaanalysis/E294C234FA3D19546AFE7100C59EF9E2
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This Program is about President Hassan Rouhanis trip to Iraq.
As Irish republicanism hints its way back to violence, the British government seems to be ignoring the Good Friday Agreement.
Britains armed forces are preparing for contingency plans to prevent a crisis if the country leaves the EU without a deal.
To outline the decline in the standard of living in the UK, to discuss Philip Hammond and his new plans to tackle crucial government cuts.
To outline the severe level of censorship in Saudi media outlets, discussing the matter with the public in the UK. Saudi Arabia has one of the most heavily censored media environments on earth.
Venezuelan President Maduro says US-backed enemies of his country have launched an economic war on him.
To outline the continued gentrification of areas populated with ethnic minorities in the Western world.
To outline the unilateral approach that US politics is taking with the rest of the world, almost bullying countries into submitting to its policy, covering the Nuclear Deal.
This episode looks into a rise in violence in Myanmar where the armed forces joined by Buddhist mobs have been engaged in a campaign of terror against Muslim families living in Rakhine.
Is May Capable of a Successful Brexit?
Palestinians have protested as part of the annual “March of Return” to commemorate Land Day, braving Israeli tanks and snipers deployed along the Gaza fence where 17 protesters were killed a few days ago.
US social media company Facebook says it has suspended the account of Cambridge Analytica, an American-British data analysis firm hired in 2016 by US President Donald Trump's election campaign, amid reports it collected the personal information of millions of American voters without their permission.
What kind of Brexit should the UK have?
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn has backed the UK being in a permanent customs union with the EU in a landmark speech setting out his approach to Brexit.
An analyst believes whenever there is an easing of tensions between the two Koreas, Washington sends a signal to Seoul to pull back.
The United Nations has warned that more than 100,000 Rohingya Muslims in Bangladeshi refugee camps will be in grave danger with the mid-year monsoon season on its way.
Saudi warplanes have conducted fresh airstrikes against the impoverished country of Yemen, leaving seven people, including five children and a woman, dead and five others injured in the northwestern Province of Sa’ada.
Donald Trump has been obsessed with race for the entire time he has been a public figure.
Theresa May has insisted the NHS is “better prepared for the winter than ever before”, despite the cancellation of tens of thousands of operations.
Will there be a snap election in the near future in the UK?
The snap general election in June was an object lesson in the perils of political hubris: Theresa May calculated that her chances of securing a tidy Commons majority were so strong and Labour so weak that it would be foolish to pass up the opportunity.
How trustworthy is the UK government in terms of spying?
British eavesdropping agency GCHQ has secretly accessed fiber-optic cables carrying huge amounts of internet and communications data, according to documents disclosed by whistle-blower Edward Snowden.
Rough sleeping is the sharpest end of the housing crisis and it is shameful that in London in recent years the number of people on our streets has been on the rise - doubling between 2010 and 2016.
Nearly a week after President Trump's unilateral decision to recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital, there are plenty of reasons to be confused by the move.
US police are continuously criticized over fatal shootings of and brutality against African Americans, who are killed and incarcerated in disproportionate numbers.
Why is UK criticizing Saudi for using weapons they sold them?
British Prime Minister Theresa May has reportedly called on Saudi Arabia to ease a cruel blockade on its war-torn neighbor, Yemen, in order to "avert a humanitarian catastrophe" there.
How powerful is the Israeli lobby in Britain?
The scandal surrounding Priti Patel, who was forced to resign as Britain’s international aid minister after secret meetings with Israeli officials during a “family holiday”, offers a small, opaque window on the UK’s powerful Israel lobby.
Is Trump attempting to escalate tensions between North and South Korea?
Catalonia has declared itself independent, whilst Spain is in constitutional crisis?
Spain's chief prosecutor has called for charges including rebellion to be laid against Catalan leaders following the region's declaration of independence.
Why won’t the West accept Venezuelan democracy?
The international Western media cannot accept that despite all of the demonization of the Venezuelan government the people of Venezuela still support them.
The recent history of social housing is one of contempt for council tenants and denigration of council housing.
How will Palestinian reconciliation affect Palestinians?
Egypt’s government says rival Palestinian factions Hamas and Fatah have agreed to hand over the full administrative control of the besieged Gaza Strip to the Palestinian Authority (PA) by December 1.
Is Trump paving the way for another global war?
Trump refused to certify the nuclear agreement with Iran, and warned he might ultimately terminate it, in defiance of other world powers and undermining a landmark victory of multilateral diplomacy.
Is the UN being too soft by only applying sanctions to Saudi-led coalition for the killing of Yemenis?
Catalonia’s regional government intends to hold an independence referendum on 1 October.
How complicit is the UK in Myanmar's violence against Rohingya Muslims?
Myanmar's security forces have long been attacking Rohingyas and torching their villages since October 2016, in a bid to push them out of the western state of Rakhine.
President Trump took to Twitter on Sunday, condemning Pyongyang's actions, outlining some of the options under consideration to interfere and intimidate the sovereign East-Asian country.
The UN condemns Saudi killing of Yemeni civilians but is not willing to take any serious action to punish the Saudis.
Donald Trump has agreed to send as many as 4,000 additional US troops to Afghanistan to tackle a steadily deteriorating security situation in the beleaguered country, according to senior officials quoted in American media.
Is white supremacy out of control in US?
Will the West make its peace with North Korea?
The United States has consistently had dishonest intentions with North Korea and the latest round of hostilities is another example of the United States trying to bully the small nation.
How much is Britain involved in the Yemen war?
Britain is up to its neck in Yemen: it is the major supplier of the bombs dropped on Yemen, and of the jets used to drop them.
What is Israel’s plan for the al-Aqsa Mosque?
The Israelis are trying to humiliate the Palestinians in front of the world but the Palestinians are resisting.
Who benefits from unrest in Venezuela?
The political and economic situation in Venezuela today is the most difficult one the country has faced since 1999, the year in which Hugo Chavez assumed the presidency.
Though a UK High Court ruling has allowed the continued sale of arms to Saudi Arabia, is the British government acting unethically?
Do British Muslims feel safe in the UK?
After the recent wave of attacks on Muslims in London, some are asking whether British Muslims are safe in the UK right now.
Philando Castile was shot and killed in front of his family by a police officer in the US yet the police was found not guilty of any wrongdoing.
Who is to blame for Grenfell Tower fire?
Many people are saying that the leaders of the RBKC Council and the Tenancy Management Organization should be charged with corporate manslaughter for their negligence that led to the Grenfell Tower.
Should Theresa May resign as prime minister?
Is Britain doing enough to stop Takifri extremism?
British opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn says it is time for the UK to hold "difficult conversations" with Saudi Arabia and other Arab states of the Persian Gulf in the wake of the London terror attack.
Why did the Manchester attack happen?
Have MI5 and MI6 been playing a dangerous game by supporting Takfiri terrorists in Libya and Syria and now one of those terrorists has attacked Manchester?
Donald Trump, who is critical of Islam and Muslims, visits Saudi Arabia to give a speech on Islam.
Is the United States engaged in another regime change operation in Venezuela?
The US is complicit in the Saudi Bombing campaign in Yemen as it continues to fund and support the terrorist state.
Why is an anti-war candidate unlikely to win in Britain?
After less than two years as Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn is leading the party into a snap general election.
What do the French elections mean for the future of mainstream parties in France?
The United States escalates tensions on the Korean Peninsula in an attempt to flex its power.
Why did President Trump, who wants to ban Syrians from entering his country, attack Syria?
This program is about Northern Island referendum on leaving the United Kingdom.
Why did the Westminster terror attack happen?
The British-born man who killed four people and injured more than 50 others in an attack outside the British Parliament in London last week was known as a potential extremist to UK intelligence agencies in 2010, a report says.
Donald Trump’s decision to deploy hundreds of US marines in northern Syria last week has received surprisingly little attention but a fierce reaction from the Sovereign leader of the country, President Bashar al-Assad.
South Koreans hope for change under a new president, which could lead to better relations with North Korea.
Hundreds of thousands march in London to protest against "yet more austerity" in the health service.
Geert Wilders, the leader of the Dutch Party for Freedom, is fairly confident about how his party may fare in the March 15 elections.
North Korea says it has successfully completed the launch of a new ballistic missile showing the world that it will defend itself in the face of US hostility.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu urged fresh sanctions against Iran during a visit to the UK.
How does the world feel about Donald Trump?
US President Donald Trump has pledged to get tough with Iran, warning the Islamic Republic after its ballistic missile test on Sunday that it was playing with fire.
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2019-04-20T16:22:08Z
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http://217.218.67.231/Default/Section/15045/
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Home Remedies – Facts or Quacks?
That’s what I recently asked myself. Myths and legends often have their basis in a grain of truth. So I wondered if home remedies, alternative treatments, and folklore cures might also be based on truth. A little research provided these astonishing results!
Edward Jenner is widely credited as the father of the smallpox vaccination. However, twenty years earlier in 1774, a quick-thinking English farmer named Benjamin Jesty saved his family from smallpox using some pretty unorthodox methods.
In 1774 the highly infectious and deadly smallpox disease was epidemic. Farmer Jesty, immune to the disease because he had survived it in childhood, feared for the lives of his pregnant wife and children. Many country folk knew that people who had previously caught the milder disease of cowpox from an infected cow did not catch the normally-fatal smallpox disease.
Frantic to find a solution before his family caught the disease, Jesty took his family to a nearby farm where cows were infected with cowpox. He injected his family with diseased cowpox cells from the cows. Because vacca is Latin for cow, this procedure later became known as vaccination.
The mild cowpox disease came and went in the children. His pregnant wife had complications and required the aid of the local doctor. His family did not catch the deadly smallpox disease, but word leaked out. Poor Jesty was ridiculed by his neighbors, who expected his family to turn into cows, or at least grow horns!
Edward Jenner was a tireless crusader in promoting the benefits of smallpox vaccination. However, it was a desperate farmer who used his quick wit and country folklore to save his family 20 years earlier.
Regardless of whom history credits, this home remedy definitely rates as a fact rather than a quack!
If you liked this home remedy information, you can find more through the resources shown below. Home remedies can be effective, and may save you time and money.
This entry was posted in Medicare on July 29, 2017 by blue.
This entry was posted in Medicare on July 26, 2017 by blue.
I have to thank my son’s bump on the head for some of my conviction about the benefit of Bach flower remedies. Jon was about a year old and had hit his head quite badly. The bump was swelling before my eyes, and I decided to try out the Bach rescue cream that I’d recently purchased. The bump was partly in his hair and partly on his forehead. I carefully put the cream on – it was difficult to get the cream close to the skin where his hair was. The next day the bruise on his forehead had gone completely, but the bruise in his hair was still there, although it was not as bad as I had expected it to be. This amazed me and made me determined to learn about these amazing remedies.
I bought and studied the little booklet that explained all about them – as a very busy mum I was happy to have something that wasn’t too big to read! I was also happy that the remedies weren’t drugs and could be used safely with even tiny babies. There are 38 different flower remedies for various psychological states, and I instantly could see how I could use them for myself, my family and my friends: larch is for someone who lacks self confidence, aspen is for generalised fears, impatiens for impatience, heather for those who want to be the centre of attention all the time, and scleranthus for the undecided.
The remedies were developed by Dr Edward Bach -pronounced ‘Batch’ – who lived in England from 1886-1936. He was trained as a doctor and worked as a pathologist and bacteriologist, but he felt that medicine was not getting to the root of the problem. He learnt about homeopathy, and developed various important homeopathic remedies, but he was still not satisfied, and this led him to develop the Bach flower remedies.
The remedies are based on flowering plants and trees, and are designed to correct inappropriate psychological states. This doesn’t mean that they’re not suitable for physical problems, because Bach believed that there was “a factor above the physical plane which in the ordinary course of life protects or renders susceptible any particular individual with regard to disease, of whatever nature it may be.” (From ‘Heal Thyself’ by Edward Bach). In other words, if you are dissatisfied or distressed, you are more likely to catch a cold or become chronically ill.
There is one combination that Dr Bach found he used a lot, and he called this ‘rescue remedy’. This is a mixture of 5 of the 38 flower remedies (cherry plum, clematis, impatiens, rock rose and star of Bethlehem). It can be used for any emergency or stressful event. This is really helpful after a fall, or an argument, before visiting the dentist or taking an examination. The normal way of taking it is to put 4 drops in a glass of water and then to take small, frequent sips. You can also take it straight from the bottle in a real emergency. Many nurses I meet swear by it, and secretly and unofficially recommend it to their patients.
The remedies are made using brandy, and this may be a problem for some people. An alternative way to take them is by dabbing them on the wrist, behind the ears and at the temples – this way the benefit of the remedies may be felt without imbibing alcohol.
This entry was posted in Medicare on July 22, 2017 by blue.
Dry skin, or xerosis, is a skin type usually marked by firm texture and parched skin. This type is especially noticeable during winter, when one turns to indoor heaters due to the cold weather and dry air or low humidity. Signs of dry skin usually appear as pink spots on the face, arms and legs. These small spots can grow into painful patches that later flake and become itchy if left untreated. The shin and the abdomen, particularly the sides, are also frequent dry spots. Eczema and other types of dermatitis could also emerge without the appropriate treatment. The condition may also be genetically inherited. The normal skin changes accompanying aging also tend to make elderly people have dry skin problems.
The irritation and dryness can be relieved by using a moisturizing cleanser and the frequent application of oil-based lotions or creams, particularly before the affected individual sleeps. Experts also suggest less and shorter baths and showers of about 5-10 minutes to maintain skin hydration. Lukewarm water is also considered more beneficial than hot water baths and showers. Mild soaps are also preferred for the face, along with moisturizing lotions for the whole body following a bath and prior to bedtime. Rehydration will also benefit from high levels of water and fruit consumption.
Scaling or flaking skin can be syptomatic of dermatitis. One type is seborrheic dermatits, which is characterized by red, itchy rashes on diferent body parts, particularly areas with many oil glands. This scaly rash can be found on the nose, the scalp and eyebrows. Another type is allergic contact dermatitis, which is the result of an immune reaction in contact between the skin and poison ivy or similar substances. Some individuals also experience eczema, or atopic dermatitis, if it is common in the family; or athlete’s foot, a fungal infection affecting soles of the feet.
A key factor in basic skin care is knowing one’s skin type, as this will determine the approach and the products one will use. Individuals will have either dry, normal/combination, sensitive or oily skin. A basic skin care routine will always include cleansing. Since skin types vary across individuals, people should look for a cleanser that their skin responds to. Most experts discourage the use of soap to cleanse the face, with some specifying soap only for cleansing from the neck to the feet. Cleansers are made up of water, oil and surfactants that combine to dissolve facial oil and dirt, remove makeup and wash all these excesses away from the face. Care should be taken to use only the appropriate mix to avoid clogging skin pores or drying the skin.
Many experts advise the routine at night, with only lukewarm water used to wash the face in the morning. However, use of a moisturizer before bedtime will make cleansing also necessary in the morning. Individuals are advised to use warm water to start washing, as this would unclog pores and loosen dirt. After a cleanser is used, rinsing off using cool water will tighten or close the pores. Exfoliating is another step many specialists advise to treat or prevent dry skin. Stanford University clinical assistant professor Katie Rodan advises that individuals exfoliate on a daily basis. This will augment natural replenishment of the skin – the removal of dead skin cells to give way to new cells – and improve moisture retention, giving one fresher and younger-looking skin. Individuals with dry or sensitive skin should exfoliate up to two times a week, and increase the frequency during the summer and hot months, when sweat makes dead skin cells stick together and delays their removal. For those with sun-damaged skin, hydroxies may have to be used as deep exfoliants. Toners are not requirement, as the removal of dirt, makeup and oil can already be done using a cleanser.
This entry was posted in Medicare on July 19, 2017 by blue.
Like our face our body too has to be properly nourished and for that we need to engage ourselves in some of the beneficial activities like massaging which would be very useful for our body. Many are not aware about the importance and beneficial properties these body oils provide. Once you start using the oils there won’t be any turning back. Hop along with thousand others who have benefited from these oils. In the meanwhile, you can gain some therapeutic uses of these oils.
There are different ranges and fragrances in the market which you can apply on yourself and gain the valuable benefits. Most of the oils we come across are very different due to its special quality. These qualities are the ones which help in making your body smoother and refined which is what it was lacking for a very long time.
Many external factors works in favor of the body oil massage. Due to changing weather your skin keeps facing some or the other problems. It faces the wrath of all the climatic changes including your different skin type problems. By the use of body oil, your skin remains supple as well as the oil which is used would benefit the skin with its different properties.
These oils help to moisturize your skin. The natural oils proves to be extremely useful too as they do not contain any artificial colors or fragrance. Such high level of natural content just makes it very essential to be your body oil. These body oils become very useful due to the various amounts of herbs and essence used in it. With the richness of vitamins and other health benefits it becomes an integral part of your toiletry item.
The oils are very refreshing due to the presence of fragrance extracted from fresh fruits and plants. This gives you a sensual feeling when you apply it on your body. The smells which these oils carry along with them are very refreshing and intoxicating taking you to a higher level of existence.
Many don’t have a clue that these aromas can come from our very backyard which is what makes it so fresh and fragrant. These natural ingredients just make things easier for you as you can easily make your body healthy and protect your skin from any untoward and unwanted skin problems.
These products are widely being used in many of spas and for which you have been charged a bomb. You can make your own body massage oils at home by using some of the prevalent oils you have and some of the exotic ones to give you that extra level of fun and excitement.
This entry was posted in Medicare on July 15, 2017 by blue.
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2019-04-21T04:52:21Z
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http://www.raisehi.gq/2017/07
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When news broke in February that an Egyptian firm named Dolphinus Holdings had signed a US$15 billion deal to purchase Israeli natural gas for supply to Egypt, the Egyptian government refused to comment, portraying it as a private market transaction.
“The Ministry of Petroleum has no comment on private-sector negotiations or agreements regarding the import or sale of natural gas to Israel,” the ministry spokesperson said in a brief statement at the time.
That same day, Reuters quoted an anonymous Egyptian government official who said that the deal did not mean the government itself would import gas from Israel. “International private companies will import gas from abroad in the framework of their own needs,” the official said.
Similar claims were made in September after a preliminary agreement was struck for the acquisition of a stake in a pipeline between Ashkelon and Arish that would allow the transport of natural gas from Israel to Egypt.
Again, the Petroleum Ministry spokesperson issued a swift response: “The ministry welcomes this new step taken by the private companies involved in the imminent commercial venture.” This time, the Egyptian company involved was called East Gas.
But a Mada Masr investigation into the gas import deal — scheduled to come into effect early next year — found that the repeated claims by Egyptian government officials that the venture is a purely private sector affair wholly outside the “government framework” are misleading at best.
Documents show that East Gas, which stands to reap the greatest profits from the import and resale of Israeli gas to the Egyptian state, is a private firm that is majority-owned by Egyptian General Intelligence Service (GIS), which will claim 80 percent of the firm’s income.
Our investigation found that Shoeib was appointed to the company’s board as a representative of the GIS, and that the chairman of the board has always been the deputy head of the intelligence agency. Most of the company’s board members are drawn from the ranks of intelligence officers.
The GIS also partnered with Dolphinus Holdings, the firm that signed the agreement to buy the Israeli gas.
Documents and sources reveal that through a complex web of overseas shell corporations and subsidiaries, the intelligence body stands to cash in at all stages of the deal, from the transport of Israeli gas to Egypt to its final sale to the Egyptian government. These profits end up in the coffers of the GIS, and not the public budget.
The multiple shell corporations created in recent months form a network spanning the British Virgin Islands, Luxembourg, Switzerland and the Netherlands, but with no presence at all in Egypt. The purpose of these efforts was to close the deal while concealing the identity of the Egyptian players, enabling them to avoid paying taxes, and shielding them from any potential legal liability or public accountability.
At the same time, the deal does not appear to be in Egypt’s economic interest, with the cost to Egypt of imported Israeli gas significantly higher than locally produced gas, according to internal corporate documents, and comes at a time when the Egyptian government is reducing fuel subsidies, and dramatically increasing the price of natural gas to Egyptian households.
The investigation by Mada Masr into the corporate structure of the deal relied on publicly accessible commercial records in Egypt and European states, available online at no cost or for a nominal fee of $10–$50 for each company. Information contained in these documents was confirmed in interviews with sources who have direct knowledge of various aspects of the deal, all of whom spoke to Mada Masr on condition of anonymity.
When Egypt decided to import Israeli gas, it needed a businessman to play the role occupied in the Mubarak era by Hussein Salem, the politically connected businessman who acted as the go-between for the export of Egyptian gas to Israel before the 2011 revolution. That deal created a firestorm of controversy and sparked public outrage. Following Mubarak’s ouster, all officials implicated in the deal were prosecuted on charges of profiteering, bribery and incurring massive losses for Egypt by selling gas to Israel at less than a fair price.
This time, Egyptian businessman Alaa Arafa was the chosen go-between. A former doctor, Arafa is the president of Arafa Holdings, which he inherited from his father, General Ahmed Arafa, a former military pilot and a close friend of Mubarak. Alaa Arafa was a logical choice given his long commercial experience with Israel. His firm had an interest in textile ventures in the Qualifying Industrial Zones, areas established in a 2004 deal between Egypt, Israel, and the United States that gave Egyptian producers customs-and-quota-free access to US markets, provided their products included a percentage of Israeli components. Arafa Holdings was also a major domestic player in real estate, agriculture, cement, food industries, and energy.
Arafa did not respond to Mada Masr’s multiple attempts to contact him for comment on the findings of this investigation.
Arafa already owned a shell corporation outside Egypt, Dolphinus Holdings, which was registered in the British Virgin Islands, a favored destination for those looking to shelter their business earnings from taxes.
Documents obtained by Mada Masr show how the pieces were put in place to structure the gas deal.
Because Arafa had negligible experience in natural gas, a second person was brought in: Khaled Abu Bakr, chair of the energy committee at the American Chamber of Commerce in Cairo, and the CEO of Taqa Arabia, a subsidiary of Qalaa Holdings. In a text message to Mada Masr, Ahmed Heikal, the chairman of Qalaa, said that his companies were not involved in the deal to purchase gas from Israel “either directly or indirectly.” Three separate sources confirm that Heikal refused to get involved in the deal. Sources say that Abu Bakr came on board the deal in his personal capacity, not as a representative of Taqa Arabia.
Abu Bakr declined to respond to questions sent by Mada Masr via text message, saying he was out of the country.
To bring in Abu Bakr, Dolphinus created a subsidiary in Luxembourg called Blue Ocean. The firm’s registration filing, obtained by Mada Masr, shows that it is fully owned by Dolphinus Holdings. Three directors signed the company’s financial statement: Arafa, Abu Bakr and Mohamed Talaat Khalifa, a board member and director of investment at Arafa’s company.
Why Luxembourg? Most likely because the country is the EU’s biggest tax haven, allowing companies to transfer funds in and out with substantial tax exemptions and a high degree of secrecy. Most importantly, Luxembourg has a double taxation treaty with Israel, meaning that Arafa and Abu Bakr would pay as little as one percent of earnings in taxes while not paying any taxes in Israel.
In order to allow the private sector to import and sell natural gas in Egypt, the Egyptian natural gas sector had to be fully liberalized.
A government-drafted bill for the liberalization of the gas trade was approved by Parliament with no significant revisions in July 2017. A month later, the law was ratified by President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. The law reduced the state’s role to that of a regulator. It also granted private firms the right to use the national gas distribution grid and all state-owned infrastructure facilities in the sector.
This set the stage for Dolphinus to buy gas from Israel and resell it to Egypt. The implementing regulations of the law were issued in February 2018, and a week later Dolphinus signed an agreement for the purchase of gas with Delek Drilling, an Israeli firm, and Noble Energy, a US firm based in Texas. Combined, these firms hold the concession for two Israeli gas fields, Leviathan and Tamar.
Unlike Mubarak’s dealings with Hussein Salem, the current regime did not leave the deal solely in the hands of Arafa and Abu Bakr. The businessmen could not be allowed to make a fortune off the arrangement like Salem had. Whereas he was a former intelligence officer, Arafa and Abu Bakr are civilians rooted in the business world, which is little trusted by the regime.
Enter Shoeib, the former president of the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS) and the current CEO of East Gas, which is 80 percent owned by the GIS. The Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC) and EGAS also each own a small share in the company.
Mada Masr reached out to Shoeib for comment, but he declined, saying he was out of the country. The spokesperson for the Ministry of Petroleum, Hamdi Abdel Aziz, asked that written questions be sent to him via WhatsApp. As of publication, we had received no comment from him.
In May 2018, three months after the agreement was signed for the purchase of Israeli gas, East Gas (owned by the GIS) partnered with Blue Ocean (owned by Arafa and Abu Bakr) to form a new firm: Energy Solutions.
This time, the company was headquartered in Switzerland. While Luxembourg offers favorable tax exemptions on capital gains, the new company also needed exemptions for corporate taxes, such as the purchase and sale of gas, and there is no better place than Switzerland, particularly the Zug canton where Energy Solutions was registered. Known worldwide for its “attractive” tax climate, Zug even touts this status on its website. Like Luxembourg, Switzerland maintains a double taxation treaty with Egypt (1987) and Israel (2003).
The commercial register for Energy Solutions, dated May 17, shows that East Gas owns a 40 percent stake while Blue Ocean holds the remaining 60 percent. The firm’s capital is no more than $20,000. The board of directors, according to the registry, includes Shoeib (the president of East Gas), Abu Bakr and Arafa with their deputy Khalifa, and an Egyptian businessman by the name of Ahmed Samir Abdel Fattah Ghars Eddin.
It is not definitive whether East Gas will, through this Swiss partnership, share in the profits that Dolphinus stands to make from the $15 billion deal it signed in February. Yet the fact that Energy Solutions was established as the gas deal unfolded, is comprised of the same set of Egyptian partners and was formed under a legal structure that offers hefty corporate tax exemptions, make it a likely prospect.
After the agreement was signed, one hurdle remained before Israeli gas could flow into Egypt: Israel possesses no infrastructure for the liquefaction or transport of gas to Egypt. Building an underwater pipeline between the two countries would be prohibitively expensive and time consuming. This is why Israel was so eager to sign a deal with Cairo: it has a lot of gas and no outlet for it.
This was the driver behind the acquisition of a pipeline owned by the East Mediterranean Gas Company (EMG) — a consortium of Israeli, US, Thai and Egyptian firms registered in Egypt. The pipeline, which runs from Ashkelon, Israel to Arish, Egypt, was used to pipe gas from Egypt to Israel under the Mubarak-era deal brokered by Hussein Salem. With a technical modification, it can be adapted to pump gas in the opposite direction.
Who profits off the pipeline?
This may have been the original plan, but it changed significantly. Officials in Cairo realized that if the acquisition went through, Egypt would retain only a 10 percent stake in EMG, held by the EGPC. Plus, EMG would earn fees if its pipeline were used to move gas from Ashkelon to Arish. So why shouldn’t the GIS, through East Gas, acquire a stake in the pipeline and take a cut of the usage fees?
When East Gas joined Delek and Noble Energy in negotiations to acquire EMG, East Gas created a new firm called Sphinx and registered it outside Egypt, in the Netherlands, perhaps because authorities in Cairo thought it unseemly for an Egyptian government intelligence agency to enter into a direct partnership with an Israeli company. The Netherlands is also the world’s biggest conduit to offshore corporate tax havens, and it too has double taxation treaties with Israel (1973) and Egypt (1999).
The Dutch commercial register for Sphinx shows the firm was registered less than two months ago, on August 31, 2018. The only company official listed is Shoeib, the president of East Gas, which owns 100 percent of Sphinx’s shares. The company’s capital is listed as just $1,000.
A few days after it was created, Sphinx (owned by East Gas, in turn owned by the GIS) formed a new company, EMED, also in the Netherlands, with Delek and Noble Energy. Sphinx owns 50 percent of EMED, according to the disclosure form Delek sent to the Israel Securities Authority. In late September, EMED announced it had purchased a 37 percent stake in EMG from businessmen Yossi Maiman and Sam Zell and a 2 percent stake from Ali Evsen, the Turkish businessman who once, and perhaps still, acts as a front for Salem.
East Gas also acquired a separate 9 percent stake from Evsen, in exchange for which all of Egypt’s arbitration claims against him, filed after the January 2011 revolution, were dropped.
It was Shoeib who made the decision to suspend gas supplies to Israel in 2012, when he was the chair of EGAS. EMG considered the decision a breach of contract, and as a result it filed three separate arbitration suits against Egypt: the first before the International Chamber of Commerce, seeking $1.6 billion in damages; the second before the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), for more than $800 million in damages; and the third, seeking roughly $757 million, before the tribunal created under the UN Commission on International Trade Law.
With the newly acquired shares in EMG in addition to the 10 percent stake owned by EGPC, Egypt now had enough voting power on the EMG board to drop all arbitration suits filed against Egypt. In fact, this was a non-negotiable condition for helping Israel find an outlet for its gas, one demanded repeatedly by Egyptian officials: imports in exchange for eliminating arbitration fines.
The pipeline agreement additionally gives Delek and Noble Energy the rights to use another pipeline between Aqaba, Jordan and Arish, Egypt to supply any additional quantities of Israeli gas in the future.
According to the agreement and official Egyptian sources, the sole owner of the Aqaba-Arish pipeline is East Gas.
In the final tally, East Gas — that is, the Egyptian intelligence agency — is part owner of the pipeline to Israel, a partner with Dolphinus which will buy the Israeli gas, and the sole owner of the pipeline to Jordan, which can be used to pump Israeli gas to Egypt if the Israeli line comes under attack in Sinai — as it has numerous times in the past — or some technical flaw is discovered.
And that is not all. Sources with knowledge of the deal tell Mada Masr that the plan now is for Dolphinus (or its front, Blue Ocean) to buy gas from Noble and Delek then sell it in Ashkelon to East Gas, which will pump the gas to Arish through the EMG pipeline, where it will be sold to the Egyptian state, represented by EGAS, which will in turn use the gas in Egypt or export it.
In other words, East Gas will claim transport fees on the gas pumped from Israel through the pipeline it partly owns and turn an additional profit when it resells the gas to the Egyptian government. It will also get a cut of any deal to move additional Israeli gas from Jordan to Egypt and then resell that to the Egyptian government at a profit, along with the transport fees for moving the gas through the Aqaba-Arish pipeline it owns.
With profits flowing in at every point on the supply chain, GIS-owned East Gas and a handful of businessmen will avoid all taxes by having registered its commercial activities in tax havens outside Egypt. The company and its partners will also be fully insulated from accountability or Egyptian legal sanctions in the event of any unanticipated political developments.
As with other commercial ventures it operates, the Egyptian General Intelligence Service does not treat its ownership of East Gas as a closely guarded secret. Nevertheless, the agency does not typically declare its ownership, the names of shareholders, or the names of those running its companies. With the exception of a handful of interviews with East Gas CEO Shoeib over the last two weeks, there is little information available about the company — located on al-Nabawi al-Mohandes Street in the Sifarat area of Nasr City — or other company officials. Nevertheless, it is common knowledge that the company is a subsidiary of General Intelligence among people working in the gas trade and transport in both the public and private sectors.
Mada Masr obtained an official copy of East Gas’s commercial license (no. 67352), which notes the company’s activity, the names of members of its board, and all changes to the board since the firm was registered in 2013.
The chairman of the board of East Gas when it was registered was Lieutenant General Abdel Wahab Sayyed Ahmed, who was appointed the deputy director of the GIS while Omar Suleiman headed the agency. In 2016, he was replaced by Major General Tarek Sallam, GIS deputy director under Khaled Fawzy. After Sallam left the agency last year and was made Egypt’s ambassador to Uganda (as Mada Masr reported in an exclusive in August 2017), the current chairman took his place: Major General Ibrahim Abdel Salam. Abdel Salam was touted in the press as the potential chief of intelligence when Fawzy was removed in January, before Abbas Kamel, formerly the president’s chief of staff, assumed the position.
According to the commercial registry issued on October 3, Abdel Salam was still the chairman of the board when it last met in August.
Along with leadership positions on the board, the commercial registry shows that most East Gas board members are drawn from the ranks of intelligence officers, meaning that most shares in the company also belong to the agency. They are appointed to the board as representatives of the Egyptian Company for Investment Projects, widely known in the business world as the commercial arm of the intelligence agency.
A search through publicly available sources turns up no information on the Egyptian Company for Investment Projects, with the exception of an address on Abdel Megid al-Ramalli Street in Bab al-Louq. But the Orbis Directory, owned by Moody’s and accessible for a fee, indicates that the company was registered in 1958. In July 2013, it was headed by Lieutenant General Abdel Wahab Sayyed, then the GIS deputy director and also the chair of East Gas. According to Orbis, the company’s shares were owned evenly by just two people: Ahmed Ibrahim al-Awady and Mohammed Ahmed al-Guindy.
A search for the two owners found that they were both commanders in the October 1973 war and both the recipient of state honors. Member of General Staff Major General Ahmed Ibrahim al-Awady is a former paratrooper commander and a current MP for the Homeland Defenders Party for Sanbalawein district in Daqahlia; he is a member of the House’s Defense and National Security Committee. Major General Mohammed Ahmed Kamal al-Guindy was a pilot in the air force, a recipient of the Military Star, Medal of Duty and Medal of Courage.
MP Awady did not respond to Mada Masr’s calls and messages asking for comment on his relationship to the company. Guindi could not be reached for comment.
The commercial registry indicates that East Gas started operating in 2006, although it was only registered as an investment company in 2013. Two important facts are known about the firm: first, that the company is a subsidiary of Egyptian General Intelligence and second, that profits from the trade in gas go into the coffers of the company and the intelligence agency, not the public budget. These facts are established in the case files for the trial of six Mubarak-era officials in the petroleum sector in connection with corruption in the export of gas to Israel (Case 41/2011).
According to the transcript of the interrogation of defendant Ibrahim Tawila, the former chair of EGPC, Tawila told the public prosecution that East Gas was “the transporting, intermediary company” for Egyptian gas to Jordan before the 2011 revolution. “It received half the value of the contract from Jordan,” he said, an estimated $1.8 billion. Tawila said East Gas was an Egyptian company, “80 percent of its shares owned by Egyptian National Security and 20 percent by the petroleum sector.” The Cairo Criminal Court acquitted all six defendants in the case in 2015.
In fact, this is no secret.
Did Egypt really “score a goal”?
In February, two days after the announcement that Egypt would import natural gas from Israel, President Sisi addressed the deal in an impromptu speech broadcast on television while inaugurating an investors’ service center. During the speech, he answered a question no one had yet asked publicly: Why import gas from Israel given the talk about the huge production from Egypt’s Zohr gas field in the Mediterranean. “I found people were — I mean, they were confused,” President Sisi said. “How are you talking about the Zohr field and how it will achieve self-sufficiency for us, and at the same time, you’re going to get gas from somewhere else [i.e., Israel]? If we’re going to get it from somewhere else, we’ll get it through market-based mechanisms. Lord, please get this straight. I mean, how much will we pay for it? Right? How much will we pay? Do you know how we buy our needs? Do you? [Laughs] No, we, thanks to God Almighty — I’m not just talking, I want this to get through to you. No, we scored a goal. Egyptians, we scored a big goal here. Am I right?” Attendees in the hall broke out in applause.
Leaving aside repeated references to “market-based mechanisms” and “the private sector,” Sisi perhaps thought at the time that Egypt had procured Israeli gas with “savvy” and thanks to the skills of the Egyptian negotiators in the private sector. Maybe this was what he was told by the bodies that did the negotiating. But the negotiators who signed the deal with their Israeli partners certainly know better.
CI Capital is one of the three biggest investment banks operating in Egypt, along with EFG Hermes and Belton. The bank is also owned by Alaa Arafa, acquired by him and other partners in 2016 in a deal valued at LE683.
The report concludes that the cost means that the gas will be sold to the end user for “$7.50-8/mmBtu, on our calculations.” For comparison’s sake, the report refers to the cost of producing local gas in Egypt, which ranges from $1.75 to $3.50 per btu after dividing costs with foreign firms, and the sale price in Europe, $5.80 per btu.
In light of this cost, the report concludes that it is unlikely that Israeli gas can be exported to Europe, demonstrating in graph form the difference between the price Egypt is paying to import Israeli gas and the sale price of gas in Europe.
The following table, also included in the report, further shows the difference in price between locally produced gas and Israeli imports, and gas prices in the EU, US, and Japan.
The reluctance may be because the report shows that the bank’s client, Shoeib, who, according to sources, travelled to Israel personally to negotiate the deal, knew that the deal was not in Egypt’s economic interest, at least according to the report.
It may also be because the report’s contents could interfere with the Egyptian government’s intention to declare Egypt self-sufficient in liquefied natural gas. (The declaration was released on September 29.) The CI Capital report estimates that self-sufficiency will last no more than a year or two before Egypt will be compelled to restart imports. The same thing already happened in 2004, when Egypt declared itself self-sufficient before soon resuming gas imports.
The report estimates that local gas supplies, including the production of the Zohr field, “despite its sheer volume, will be fully absorbed” by to the need to replace Egypt’s substantial LNG imports, growing local demand for gas, and the need to replace the mazote that currently runs power plants with adverse economic and technical impacts, as well as the inevitable decline in production in gas fields other than Zohr.
The report includes a graph that demonstrates the disparity between gas supply and demand in the coming years.
In the summer of 2018, the government raised the price of household natural gas by roughly 50 percent. The CI Capital report expects (and recommends) continued cuts to government gas subsidies, anticipating that, by the time the sector is fully liberalized, the price for citizens will increase an estimated 127 percent on current prices.
Egypt hopes to import gas from Israel and Cyprus, then treat and liquify it for export to Europe.
Export dreams: Will Zohr gas production allow Egypt to light Europe and its own cities?
Waad Ahmed | Can the narratives of self sufficiency and dreams of export Egypt's pinned on Zohr be reconciled?
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2019-04-24T10:53:02Z
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https://madamasr.com/en/2018/10/23/feature/politics/whos-buying-israeli-gas-a-company-owned-by-the-general-intelligence-service/
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I would like to apologize in advance for the awful red eye in all of these pictures you are about to see. They were hastily taken in an attempt to capture some awesome moments.
So, remember that dog I was talking about, Ace? The one I promised I would find some good humans for? Well this girl takes those kinds of promises quite seriously. Today was the day I took him to his people! Well…kind of. I took him to his grandma’s house while his new mom gets settled into her new house.
Behind the counter at the vet’s office, excited to get on the road!
Once Ace got to the vet they realized that he had been messing with his stitches, tore them open, and gotten an infection. Now, of course we aren’t happy about this but fortunately it’s an easy fix: hydrogen peroxide, antibiotics, and The Cone of Shame!
Once we got outside he promptly wiggled it right off his head.
You won this battle Ace, but we will win the war.
After we walked around some (Ace had some “business” to attend to before getting to his new home) we hopped in the car and hit the road. We had to go to a very specific store to buy the type of food that Ace was used to eating. His awesome new mom insisted that he only have the best, and she was not going to even entertain the idea of him eating something he wasn’t used to and getting an upset tummy. In my book, there is no better sign of a wonderful dog mom than someone that cares about these kinds of things. I was more than happy to oblige.
In typically pittie fashion, Ace felt the need to be right in the middle of the action, and we had a bit of a hard time keeping him in the back. Not to worry though, he helped navigate the rainy roads.
Once we got to his new place Ace went right on in and got to business introducing himself to the new people. I could write a novel about how wonderful the family is but I’ll try and keep it short and sweet. They have had pits their entire life, rescued them from rougher situations than Ace came from, and just love dogs in general. Basically, they ROCK! I would give anything for the world to be graced with more people like them.
Anyways, I went over as much about him as I knew, answered the few questions they had, and watched him get to know his new place. Of course, I wanted to make sure that they were aware of how vicious he was, so I stuck my hands in his mouth and sure enough, he attacked. Oh wait…no he didn’t!
This is seriously the biggest lover I think I have ever met. It’s pretty clear why the people at the shelter just couldn’t bring themselves to put him down. He’s perfect!
Thanks to my mom for joining me tonight and capturing these pictures (even if Ace has evil-eye in them). And an even bigger thanks to the seriously awesome, wonderful, perfect family that is now giving Ace the love he deserves!
This has been one of those weekends that makes me love being involved in rescue stuff. So many different things happened for the right reasons, with the right people, at the right time–all with the kind of outcome I love.
Saturday morning Rich and I woke up and got right on the road. We were headed to Chipley (where Dash came from!) to help with a transport to Tallahassee. Rich was so excited and kept saying “It’s like an adventure, an adventure to save some lives! It’s like we are real life super heros!” How sweet is he? After we finally found the place we started helping to load dogs up in the cars and finally got the two that we would be transporting. One was a super duper cute little puppy, Dutchess, and the other was an older Cocker Spaniel named Precious because, well, she was!
Before we left I saw a dog that I was immediately drawn to. I spent some time talking to him and fell in love. His name was Ace and he wasn’t getting taken on this transport trip, no one wanted him, but before I left I promised him I would find him some people that would love him to pieces. Just wait–this story doesn’t end here.
Soon after we left Dutchess fell asleep and Precious spent the ride snuggling as much as she could with Rich. She was quite the little love. We got to Tallahassee and met the next “leg” of the transport where Precious’s new owner also met us. She was SO excited to be getting Precious and just kept thanking us for getting Precious to her. She was already in love with her and it was the best feeling knowing that we helped unite them. The little pup was headed farther down south to a rescue group.
Right after we had the dogs situated we raced back across town so that I could pick up Maggie. We had a Pittie Party to attend! I was so excited because the event was all about positively promoting the pit bull breed which, as you might have already guessed, I’m all for! It was great, there were lots of people, lots of dogs, and lots and lots of positive interactions! Katelyn, the incredibly awesome and passionate pittie lover that organized the event put a lot of work into the event and it showed. Her dog Jango was like the ambassador for the event and he was absolutely wonderful with all the dogs there, including Maggie who was very uncertain about the whole thing at first.
Maggie and Jango, fast friends thanks to Jango’s patience and good manners.
Jango was such a good boy and patiently waited and let Maggie approach him and check him out. At first she didn’t like when the dogs approached her head on but after Jango let her “sniff him out” she seemed to realize that everyone was friends and even relaxed enough to play with some of the other dogs AND let some new people pet her. It may seem insignificant but for Maggie to let a stranger pet her is a big step in the right direction; it’s a very big deal!
A new human friend for Maggie.
Gucci sitting pretty for a treat.
Doogan running through the tunnel like a good boy.
Dakota contemplating the tunnel. He was more interested in getting loved on by everyone!
So, as you can see there were tons of beautiful dogs, all incredibly loved by their proud owners. The next event is already scheduled and Maggie and I can’t wait to go!
A tired but very happy Maggie on the way home.
Sunday started with me determined to follow through on my promise to find Ace his very own human to love him. I contacted a friend of my mom’s who I knew had a deep love for pits and, after losing her dog to cancer, was ready for a new one. She is getting ready to move in to a new house next weekend so she wanted to wait until that was settled but I contacted her and told her about Ace anyways. Turns out he sounded exactly like what she was looking for and she said “Let’s do it! We want him!” So, after making phone call after phone call, going back and forth on plans, and coordinating like crazy I was finally able to nail it all down.
Ace, he doesn’t know it but he is the luckiest dog alive right now.
Ace had been on doggie death row for a while but a compassionate lady at the shelter knew he was special and kept “shuffling around” and “losing” his paperwork to buy him another week here and another week there. Because of this we were under a time crunch so I needed to get Ace out fast. On Wednesday a volunteer is going to drive him to Tallahassee and leave him at our vet’s office where he will get checked out and microchipped. After work I will be picking Ace up (I’m so excited!) and driving him to his new mom’s mom’s house–his grandma’s house if you will. He will be staying there through the weekend so that his new mom can get settled in to her new house and he doesn’t have to be stressed with all of the moving. By this time next week Ace will be in his new home where he will be loved like crazy.
I am completely in awe that I managed to make this happen at all, let alone so quickly. Maybe it’s not in the grand scheme of my entire life, but this sure feels like my biggest accomplishment. This has been one of the best weekends I have had in as long as I can remember.
Failure? Who you callin a Failure?
If you know anyone that is in any way related to the world of rescuing animals you have probably heard the term “Foster Failure” thrown around. Some say it with a laugh and most say it with pride. Why? Because that “foster failure” stumbled upon a secret.
The dog they were only suppose to have for a short time, until it found it’s permanent (or furrever) home, was actually meant for them. Through some twist of fate, higher power, divine intervention, or whatever you want to call, they ended up fostering a dog that was actually meant for them. It’s like they got to be part of some super cool club without even trying.
I think “failing” happens for a wide variety of reasons but usually it all boils down to something just clicking. Maybe the dog reminded them of a dog they had in the past and loved dearly. Maybe it was the silliest dog they have ever met and couldn’t bear to see it go. Maybe they become so protective over the dog they decided no home would be good enough for it but theirs. Maybe the dog gets along so well with their current dogs that they couldn’t imagine breaking up the pack.
Or, if they’re like me, it’s a combination of the above. Don’t get me wrong, I am still hoping that the perfect family comes along for Maggie so that I can continue fostering but if that doesn’t happen soon I will be joining the “foster failure” club too. And I’ll be doing it with pride.
Know any particularly funny or awesome “foster failure” stories? I’d love to hear them!
Houston, we have saved the kitties…and found a dog.
After searching, calling, emailing, and praying for the last week I finally found a rescue that was able to take in the kittens that were found!
It seems my blog that was suppose to be about fostering has turned more into a blog about my adventures trying to rescue animals in general. It is truly baffling how many animals there are roaming the streets or in shelters that die every single day. I know I wasn’t as aware of it before I got so involved in rescue but I still don’t understand how there are so many people out there continuing to backyard breed and add to the already extreme over-population problem. How do they not know about how bad it is? And what I really don’t understand are the people that contact our rescue that want to give up their dog. It’s heartbreaking and infuriating at the same time. I actually have to call a person back right now that is trying to get us to take their dog. This is by far my least favorite thing to do. Sigh–someone’s gotta do it, right?
That’s right folks, now I’m on to caring for baby kittens. I swear, I don’t go looking for more animals, they just find me!
Ok, so here’s how it happened. This morning I get a call from a friend asking if the rescue I help with can take in 3 baby kittens. They were found in a cage behind a Chinese restaurant here in town and her dog does not do well with cats so she needed somewhere to take them. I explained that the rescue really can’t take them in, there is no one that can foster them, but that I would try and help.
Next thing I know she is standing in my office with a box of the cutest little kittens I’ve ever seen!
While she drove around town to various vet offices that might be able to help I got on the phone and starting calling people and also emailing every organization I could find. So far, no luck, but I am hopeful that I will hear back from someone soon that can foster these babies until they get adopted.
In the mean time, I will have an incredibly full and ill equipped house. Since two of my three dogs are not “cat friendly” the kittens will have to stay in my spare bedroom until I can find someone that wants to adopt/foster them. If you happen to know of anyone in the market for some adorable little kitties (two black ones and a brown one that has a bobtail – all are super fluffy and have beautiful blue eyes) please please please send them my way! And please, don’t turn me over to the hoarding authorities–I swear, I won’t take in any more for awhile.
Maggie is still a little camera shy but when I just have my phone out I am able to sometimes snap a few quick pictures. She is just such a goof and, in hopes of trying to help others see that, I am going to share some of my not-so-great phone pictures. Excited for a montage of Maggie? Here goes!
Wasn’t that fun? These are just a sampling of the many sides of Maggie I get to see on a daily basis.
She fits in so well with my two dogs that it’s hard to imagine not having her around if she were to get adopted but there are also so many dogs that need foster homes that I am still hoping someone perfect will come in and swoop up Maggie. Sure, I’ll miss her goofiness (that’s a word, right?) but I also want to save so many more and right now four is probably a little too many for my small space. Cross your fingers that someone great comes along for Maggie. Or better yet, share her story with some friends. You just never know when someone might be looking for a pint sized pittie like my Maggie!
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2019-04-23T14:44:26Z
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https://temporaryhomepermanentlove.wordpress.com/2012/08/
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Q1) What is a Generation Data Group (GDG)?
A1) Generation Data Group is a group of chronologically or functionally related datasets. GDGs are processed periodically, often by adding a new generation, retaining previous generations, and sometimes discarding the oldest generation.
Q2) How is a GDG base created?
A2) A GDG base is created in the system catalog and keeps track of the generation numbers used for datasets in the group. IDCAMS utility is used to define the GDG base.
Q3) What is model dataset label(Model DSCB)?
A3) A model dataset label is a pattern for the dataset label created for any dataset named as a part of the GDG group. The system needs an existing dataset to serve as a model to supply the DCB parameters for the generation data group one wishes to create. The model dataset label must be cataloged. The model DSCB name is placed on the DCB parameter on the DD statement that creates the generation data group.
Q4) How are GDGs concatenated?
A4) Generation Data Groups are concatenated by specifying each dataset name and the generation number for all generations of the generation data group. Otherwise to have all generations of a generation data group, omit the generation number. The DD statement will refer to all generations. The result is the same as if all individual datasets were concatenated. If generations are not on the same volume, this will not work.
Q5) How is a new GDG coded?
A5) A new GDG is coded as (+1) after the dataset name as follows: DSN=JAN.DATA(+1). This will cause all generations to be pushed down one level at the end of the job.
Q6) When should DISP=MOD is used?
A6) DISP=MOD is used to either extend an existing sequential dataset or to create a dataset if it does not exist. If the dataset exists, then records are appended to the dataset at the end of the existing dataset. If the dataset does not exist, the system treats MOD as if it were NEW, provided that the volume parameter has not been used. If the volume parameter is used, the system terminates the job and does not create the new dataset. MOD can be used to add to a dataset that extends onto several volumes. Always specify a disposition of CATLG with MOD for cataloged datasets, even if they are already cataloged, so that any additional volume serial numbers will be recorded in the catalog.
Q7) How is a dataset passed from one step to another?
A7) A dataset is passed from one step to another based on what is coded on the DISP parameter. The dataset can only be passed to subsequent steps if PASS was used on the disposition parameter.
Q8) How are datasets concatenated?
Q9) What is the difference between the JOBLIB and the STEPLIB statements?
only. Unlike the JOBLIB statement, the STEPLIB can be placed in a cataloged procedure.
Q10) Name some of the JCL statements that are not allowed in procs.?
Q11) What is primary allocation for a dataset?
A11) The space allocated when the dataset is first created.
Q12) What is the difference between primary and secondary allocations for a dataset?
A12) Secondary allocation is done when more space is required than what has already been allocated.
Q13) How many extents are possible for a sequential file ? For a VSAM file ?
A13) 16 extents on a volume for a sequential file and 123 for a VSAM file.
A14) That this is a new dataset and needs to be allocated, to CATLG the dataset if the step is successful and to delete the dataset if the step abends.
A15) That this is a new dataset and needs to be allocated, to CATLG the dataset if the step is successful and to KEEP but not CATLG the dataset if the step abends. Thus if the step abends, the dataset would not be catalogued and we would need to supply the vol. ser the next time we refer to it.
A16) Need to supply Volume Serial Number VOL=SER=xxxx.
Q17) MOD, DELETE; What does a disposition of (,DELETE) mean ?
A17) The MOD will cause the dataset to be created (if it does not exist), and then the two DELETEs will cause the dataset to be deleted whether the step abends or not. This disposition is used to clear out a dataset at the beginning of a job.
Q18) What is the DD statement for a output file?
Q20) What is DISP= (NEW,PASS,DELETE)?
A20) This is a new file and create it, if the step terminates normally, pass it to the subsequent steps and if step abends, delete it. This dataset will not exist beyond the JCL.
Q21) How do you create a temporary dataset? Where will you use them?
A21) Temporary datasets can be created either by not specifying any DSNAME or by specifying the temporary file indicator as in DSN=&&TEMP. We use them to carry the output of one step to another step in the same job. The dataset will not be retained once the job completes.
Q25) How do you override a specific DDNAME/SYSIN in PROC from a JCL?
A26) This is an MVS message indicating that a duplicate catalog entry exists. E.g., if you already have a dataset with dsn = ‘xxxx.yyyy’ and u try to create one with disp new, catlg, you would get this error. the program open and write would go through and at the end of the step the system would try to put it in the system catalog. at this point since an entry already exists the catlg would fail and give this message. you can fix the problem by deleting/uncataloging the first data set and going to the volume where the new dataset exists(this info is in the msglog of the job) and cataloging it.
A27) Caused by invalid data in a numeric field.
A28) Storage violation error – can be due to various reasons. e.g.: READING a file that is not open, invalid address referenced due to subscript error.
Q29) What are SD37, SB37, SE37 abends?
A29) All indicate dataset out of space. SD37 – no secondary allocation was specified. SB37 – end of vol. and no further volumes specified. SE37 – Max. of 16 extents already allocated.
Q30) What is S322 abend ?
A30) Indicates a time out abend. Your program has taken more CPU time than the default limit for the job class. Could indicate an infinite loop.
A31) To override the REGION defined at the JOB card level. REGION specifies the max region size. REGION=0K or 0M or omitting REGION means no limit will be applied.
Q32) What does the TIME parameter signify ? What does TIME=1440 mean ?
A32) TIME parameter can be used to overcome S322 abends for programs that genuinely need more CPU time. TIME=1440 means no CPU time limit is to be applied to this step.
Q33) What is COND=EVEN ?
A33) Means execute this step even if any of the previous steps, terminated abnormally.
Q34) What is COND=ONLY ?
A34) Means execute this step only if any of the previous steps, terminated abnormally.
Q35) How do you check the syntax of a JCL without running it?
A35) TYPERUN=SCAN on the JOB card or use JSCAN.
Q36) What does IEBGENER do?
A36) Used to copy one QSAM file to another. Source dataset should be described using SYSUT1 ddname. Destination dataset should be described using SYSUT2. IEBGENR can also do some reformatting of data by supplying control cards via SYSIN.
Q37) How do you send the output of a COBOL program to a member of a PDS?
A37) Code the DSN as PDS (member) with a DISP = SHR. The DISP applies to the PDS and not to a specific member.
Q38) I have multiple jobs ( JCLs with several JOB cards ) in a member. What happens if I submit it?
A38) Multiple jobs are submitted (as many jobs as the number of JOB cards).
Q39) I have a COBOL program that Accepts some input data. How do you code the JCL statement for this?
Q40) Can you code instream data in a PROC ?
Q41) How do you overcome this limitation ?
A41) One way is to code SYSIN DD DUMMY in the PROC, and then override this from the JCL with instream data.
Q42) How do you run a COBOL batch program from a JCL? How do you run a COBOL/DB2 program?
A43) Specifies that the private library (or libraries) specified should be searched before the default system libraries in order to locate a program to be executed. STEPLIB applies only to the particular step, JOBLIB to all steps in the job.
A44) First any private libraries as specified in the STEPLIB or JOBLIB, then the system libraries such as SYS1.LINKLIB. The system libraries are specified in the link list.
Q45) What happens if both JOBLIB and STEPLIB is specified ?
A46) The library with the largest block size should be the first one.
Q47) How to change default PROCLIB?
Q48) The disp in the JCL is MOD and the program opens the file in OUTPUT mode. What happens ? The DISP in the JCL is SHR and the program opens the file in EXTEND mode. What happens ?
A48) Records will be written to end of file (append) when a WRITE is done in both cases.
Q49) What are the valid DSORG values ?
Q50) What are the differences between JES2 & JES3 ?
A50) JES3 allocates datasets for all the steps before the job is scheduled. In JES2, allocation of datasets required by a step are done only just before the step executes.
Q51) What are the causes for S0C1, S0C4, S0C5, S0C7, S0CB abends ?
Q52) What are the kinds of job control statements?
A52) The JOB, EXEC and DD statement.
Q53) What is the meaning of keyword in JCL? What is its opposite?
A53) A keyword in a JCL statement may appear in different places and is recognized by its name, eg. MSGCLASS in the JOB statement. The opposite is positional words, where their meaning is based on their position in the statement, eg. in the DISP keyword the =(NEW,CATLG,DELETE) meanings are based on first, second and third position.
Q54) Describe the JOB statement, its meaning, syntax and significant keywords?
A54) The JOB statement is the first in a JCL stream. Its format is // jobname, keyword JOB, accounting information in brackets and keywords, MSGCLASS, MSGLEVEL, NOTIFIY, CLASS, etc.
Q55) Describe the EXEC statement, its meaning, syntax and keywords?
A55) The EXEC statement identifies the program to be executed via a PGM= program name keyword. Its format is //jobname EXEC PGM= program name. The PARM= keyword can be used to pass external values to the executing program.
Q56) Describe the DD statement, its meaning, syntax and keywords?
A56) The DD statement links the external dataset name (DSN) to the DDNAME coded within the executing program. It links the file names within the program code to the file names know to the MVS operating system. The syntax is // ddname DD DSN=dataset name. Other keywords after DSN are DISP, DCB, SPACE, etc.
Q57) What is a PROC? What is the difference between an instream and a catalogued PROC?
A57) PROC stands for procedure. It is ‘canned’ JCL invoked by a PROC statement. An instream PROC is presented within the JCL; a catalogued PROC is referenced from a proclib partitioned dataset.
Q58) What is the difference between a symbolic and an override in executing a PROC?
A58) A symbolic is a PROC placeholder; the value for the symbolic is supplied when the PROC is invoked, eg. &symbol=value. An override replaces the PROC’s statement with another one; it substitutes for the entire statement.
Q59) What is RESTART? How is it invoked?
A59) RESTART is a JOB statement keyword. It is used to restart the job at a specified step rather than at the beginning.
Q60) What is a GDG? How is it referenced? How is it defined? What is a MODELDSCB?
A60) GDG stands for generation data group. It is a dataset with versions that can be referenced absolutely or relatively. It is defined by an IDCAMS define generation datagroup execution.
A61) Datasets can be grouped in a DD statement one after another, eg. in a JOBLIB statement where the load module can exist in one of many datasets.
Q62) What is the difference between specifying DISP=OLD and DISP=SHR for a dataset?
A62) DISP=OLD denotes exclusive control of the dataset; DISP=SHR means there is no exclusivity.
Q63) What is MOD and when would you use it?
A63) DISP=MOD is used when the dataset can be extended, ie, you can add records at the end of an existing dataset.
Q64) What are the keywords associated with DCB? How can you specify DCB information? What is the OS precedence for obtaining that DCB information, ie. where does the system look for it first?
A64) The keywords associated with the DCB parameter are LRECL, RECFM, BLKSIZE and DSORG. The DCB information can be supplied in the DD statement. The system looks for DCB information in the program code first.
Q65) How do you designate a comment in JCL?
A65) The comment statement is //* followed by the comments.
Q66) What is the meaning of the EXEC statement keyword, COND? What is its syntax?
Q67) What is the improvement to COND= in the latest version of MVS?
A67) MVS now allows for an IF bracketed by an END IF around any job step to replace the COND= syntax. Again, if the IF statement is true, the step is bypassed.
Q68) What is the purpose of the PARM keyword in the EXEC statement?
A68) The value after the PARM= specifies control information to be passed to the executing program of the job step.
Q69) What is the purpose and meaning of the REGION keyword and what JCL statement is it associated with?
A69) REGION specifies the maximum CPU memory allocated for a particular job or job step. If REGION is in the JOB card, it relates to the entire job; if in the EXEC statement, it relates to the job step.
Q70) What is the purpose and meaning of the TIME keyword and what JCL statement is it associated with?
A70) TIME specifies the maximum CPU time allocated for a particular job or job step. If TIME is in the JOB card, it relates to the entire job; if in the EXEC statement, it relates to the job step.
Q71) What is the meaning of data definition name (ddname) and dataset name (dsname) in the DD statement?
A71) Data definition name is the eight character designation after the // of the DD statement. It matches the internal name specified in the steps executing program. In COBOL that’s the name specified after the ASSIGN in the SELECT ASSIGN statement. Dataset name is the operating system (MVS) name for the file.
Q72) How is the keyword DUMMY used in JCL?
A72) For an output file DUMMY specifies that the output is to be discarded. For input it specifies that the file is empty.
Q73) What does the keyword DCB mean and what are some of the keywords associated with it?
A73) DCB stands for data control block; it is a keyword for the DD statement used to describe datasets. Keywords associated with it are BLKSIZE, DEN, LRECL and RECFM.
Q74) What is the difference between BLKSIZE and LRECL?
Q75) Can you execute a PROC from another PROC?
A75) I did not know the answer and my interviewer said NO. Later I tried and executed PROC from a PROC, three levels deep. Manuals do not state any limit on PROC calling PROC, or nesting.
Q76) What will happen if you attempt to restart a job in the middle of a JCL // IF …. // ENDIF?
A76) Job will fall through to the ENDIF (not executing any steps), then resume execution with the first step AFTER the // ENDIF.
Q77) How many positional parameters are there in job statement?
A77) There are two position parameters in job statement.
Q78) What are three parameters you can specify on Job statement as well as on exec stmt ?
Q79) How can you trap abends in the JCL?
A79) Use IF ABEND statement in the JCL.
Q80) How do you restart a step in JCL?
Q81) How do you pass parameters to the program as the job is being executed ?
A81) By using ‘parm’ parameter in exec statement. the value mentioned here should be declared in linkage section in the program and process thru procedure division. this technique is very useful when you do not know the parameters at the time of coding the programs.
Q82) Why do you use a control card?
A82) A control card can be a member of a pds or a sequential dataset and is used for storing the date fields, Definitions of VSAM files….etc. You use control card because you cannot use a instream procedure in a procedure. Generally you will be calling a Proc from your Jcl and you cannot code instream procedure in the Proc and so you will point to the dataset which is called control card.
Q83) How do you submit JCL via a Cobol program?
A83) In your JCL define as //JOBA JOB 1111, JOB1 //STEP01 EXEC PGM=PROG1 //ddname DD SYSOUT=(*,INTRDR)….and your COBOL(PROG1) should look like this SELECT JCL-FILE ASSIGN TO ddname. Open this file and write the JCL statements into this file. E.g. MOVE ‘//TESTJOB JOB 1111,VISVEISH’ TO JCL-REC.MOVE ‘//STEP01 EXEC PGM=IEFBR14’ TO JCL- REC and close this file. Then TESTJOB will be submitted.
Q84) How do you submit a JCL under CICS environment ?
Q85) What is the parameter to be passed in the job card for the unlimited time , irrespective of the job class ?
A86) COND is a condition parameter, consists of 2 sub parameters, 1st – return code from the previous step, 2nd – condition. If COND is true, the step on which COND is coded will be BYPASSED.
Q87) What is meant by S0C7 system abend code?
A87) S0C7 – Data exception error – you will get it whenever you are trying to move the low values or spaces into the numeric field, or compare the numeric fields with low values, or try to do some arithmetic operations on the low values. To avoid this you have to always initialize the numeric fields otherwise they will contain the low values.
Q88) How to pass the temp dataset form one JOB step to another?
Q89) What is a COND parameter in JCL?
A89) COND means condition parameter. It is compared with system return code of previous step.//step1 exec pgm=abcd//step2 exec pgm=xyz, cond=(4,lt)step2 will be executed when system return code of step1 is less than 4.
Q90) Write a jcl to execute a job by 7 a.m on Jan 20,1986 ?
Q91) How many types of libraries are there in JCL ?
A91) Libraries are of three types.1.Sytem Libraries: SUCH AS SYS1.LINKLIB2.Private Libraries: SPECIFIED IN A JOBLIB OR STEPLIB DD STATEMENTS.3.Temporary Libraries: CREATED IN A PREVIOUS STEP OF THE JOB.
Q92) What u mean by include statement in JCL ?
A92) An include statement identifies a member of a pds or pdse that contains. This set of JCL statements is called an include group. The system replaces the include statement with the statements in the include group.
Q93) The maximum number of in-stream procedure you can code in any JCL is ?
Q94) What you mean by skeleton JCl?
Q95) How do you submit a JCL under CICS environment ?
A95) Edit the JCL in Extra partition TDQ and submit the same using some system command (not sure) under CICS subsystem. This is what i think, please clarify….
Q96) What is JCL ?
Q97) What is the max blocksize for a Tape file?
Q98) What are the basic JCL Statements for a Job?
EXEC : Identifies a job step by indicating the name of the program to be executed.
OUTPUT : Supplies options for SYSOUT processing.
A99) typrun=scan checks the JCL for errors, typrun=hold holds the job until further notice.
Q100) Which is the most widely used batch performance monitor for DB2?
Q101) What is QSAM error usually when it is occurs?
A101) Usually it is occurs at the time of job submission.
Q102) What is the purpose of include statement in a JCL?
A102) It is used as an alternative for STEPLIB. When we specify the dataset name in include ,it will search in all the datasets specified in the include dataset.
Q103) What does S0C4 error mean?
A103) This error is faced when we execute the COBOL program. The main reason for this error is that a variable is defined with less characters and we are trying to move data which is larger than the actual storage space.
Q104) In which table PLAN is registered in ?
Q106) what do you mean By spooling? Expand SPOOL?
Q107) For how long a job can be executed continuously in a mainframe ?
Q108) Max. No of DD statements in a job ?
Q109) How much space OS allocates when you create a PS or PDS?
Q110) Min no of member’s (PDS) in one directory block?
Q111) The maximum number of steps in a job?
Q112) How much is memory space involved, when we code BLOCKSIZE,TRK & CYL ?
A112) One block constitutes 32KB of formatted memory/ 42KB of Unformatted memory,6 blocks makes one Track & 15 Tracks makes one cylinder.
Q113) What is DSNDB06 ?
Q114) What is the use of DSNDB07 ?
Q115) What is DATACOM db?
A115) It is a database used with VSE.
Q116) What is a Dummy Utility and what it does ?
A116) IEFBR14 is a Dummy utility and it is used for the sake of EXEC PGM= …. statement in JCL[when used it wouldn’t perform any task]. e.g. While Allocating a dataset you don’t have to run any utility [this could be done by giving disp=new inDD statement]. But for a PGM name must be given in EXEC statement, it is used.
Q117) What 3 guidelines do we have to follow when concatenating DD statements?
A117) Datasets must be of the same type (disk or tape), All datasets must have the same logical record length, The dataset with the largest blocksize must be listed first.
Q118) On the DD statement, what is the main difference between creating a new sequential flat file and a partitioned dataset?
A118) SPACE=(n,m) for a sequential file, SPACE=(n,m,p) for a PDS where n, m, and p are numbers. The p designates how many directory blocks to allocate.
Q119) What is the difference between IEBGENER, IEBCOPY and REPRO in IDCAMS utility?
IEBCOPY — This is a dataset utility for copying one PDS to another or to merge PDSs.
REPRO — This is for copying sequential datasets. More or less same as the IEBGENER.
Q120) How do you submit JCL via a Cobol program?
A120) Use a file //dd1 DD sysout=(*,intrdr)write your JCL to this file. Pl some one try this out.
Q121) How to execute a set of JCL statements from a COBOL program ?
A121) Using EXEC CICS SPOOL WRITE(var-name) END-EXEC command. var-name is a COBOL host structure containing JCL statements.
Q122) What is the difference between static call & Dynamic call ?
Q123) What is the difference between catalogue procedure and In-Stream procedure?
A123) In Stream procedures are set of JCL statements written between JOB and EXEC statements, start with PROC and end with PEND statement. Mainly used to test cataloged procedures. Cataloged procedure is cataloged on the procedure library and is called by specifying the procedure name on the EXEC statement.
Q124) What do you feel makes a good program?
A124) A program that follows a top down approach. It is also one that other programmers or users can follow logically and is easy to read and understand.
Q125) Can we browse or edit the GDG dataset if it is a tape entry?
A125) No, You can’t edit or browse the GDG if it resides on tape.
Q126) What are the maximum and minimum sizes of any CONTROL AREA (VSAM datasets) ?
Q127) How to get cursor position from system in CICS environment ?
A127) Get it from EIBCURPOS !
Q128) How many parameters are there to a DISP statement and what are their uses ?
A128) There are three(3) parameters. Parameter 1: current data set disposition(new, shr, old, mod) Parameter 2: normal close action for data set (catlg, keep, delete) Parameter 3:abend action for data set (catlg, keep, delete).
Q129) What is the error code SOC01 indicate ?
Q130) What is a procedure?
A130) A set of precoded JCL that can be modified through the use of parameters or override cards. Note: Procedures can be catalogued or instream.
Q131) What is the difference between specifying DISP=OLD and DISP=SHR for a dataset?
A131) OLD specifies exclusive use of a dataset, SHR allows multiple jobs to concurrently access the dataset Note: When updating a dataset, you would normally use OLD.
Q132) What are the three basic types of statements in a jobstream?
Q133) What does SYSIN * indicate?
A133) Instream data follows this card and is terminated when followed by a card containing // or /* in columns 1 and 2.
Q134) What are three major types of JCL statements? What are their functions?
job (time, region, message level, job accounting data).
|
2019-04-23T06:16:21Z
|
https://mainframesf1.com/2012/01/26/jcl-interview-questions/
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Skuid, Inc. (Skuid) is a software company headquartered in Chattanooga, Tennessee that develops a robust cloud UX design-and-deploy platform allowing companies to seamlessly unite their data, apps, and processes to unleash productivity and engagement, particularly in sales organizations. Skuid was founded in 2013 on the simple belief that enterprise apps should stop forcing people to behave like machines. Instead, apps should behave more like the humans who use them, so everyone can thrive in the digital world.
With Skuid’s simple-to-use but incredibly robust cloud design-and-deploy platform, companies can seamlessly unite their data, apps, and processes to unleash productivity and engagement. With hundreds of customers and more than 5.2 million users across 32 countries, Skuid has garnered national media coverage from Inc., Forbes, Fortune, Entrepreneur, TechCrunch, and others.
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In accordance with the Skuid Master Subscription Agreement, Skuid may access customer data only if authorized by the customer. In the event access is authorized, Skuid will utilize modern, standards-compliant web browsers utilizing Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure / Transport Layer Security (HTTPS/TLS) to protect customer data using both server authentication and data encryption. These technologies help ensure that customer data is safe, secure and only available to authorized users.
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2019-04-19T19:06:46Z
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https://www.skuid.com/privacy/
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moody-weasel wrote: You left the auction? Oh, no! Auctions are always fun, wether you bid on an item or just watch the action.
I loved it how every time Sue said "Let's start the bidding with 10 £, do I hear 10 £?"
There were so many ways to donate to two worthy causes at AT3, the auction was just one part. They had several different raffles going on. The tea raffle, the 1 £ raffle, the instant raffle and of course "the bucket".
There were a couple of items where I thought about bidding just for the heck of it. It was clear to me that they would go rather high so there was no danger in doing the 50, 75, 100 thing and then drop out.
I actually did bid on an item but I guess it wasn't as funny as some of the other bidding matches that went on. It's always funny as heck when Amanda has to run from the front of the room to the back and then back again because someone at the front made another bid.
In my case, the person I was bidding against was sitting in the row behind me.
There are also the silent auctions. These are usually at the Charity desk and involve bidding on paper. Each item has a sheet and you write your name and your bid on there. There is a closing time, and you have to keep an eye on it (much like bidding on e-bay). The last bidder gets the item.
These items don't usually get to the dizzy heights of the auction, and you may get a bargain there. Next time, go look for them.
Life - It's far more important than what you do for a living.
Mumsey wrote: There are also the silent auctions. These are usually at the Charity desk and involve bidding on paper. Each item has a sheet and you write your name and your bid on there. There is a closing time, and you have to keep an eye on it (much like bidding on e-bay). The last bidder gets the item.
I've won a couple items both ways at other conventions, and I much prefer the silent auctions for my actual bidding, though I LOVED the auction. I had my camera up the majority of the time anyway.
Next year we will both be prepared...right?
lilferret wrote: I've won a couple items both ways at other conventions, and I much prefer the silent auctions for my actual bidding, though I LOVED the auction. I had my camera up the majority of the time anyway.
Oh yeah. We'll be old hats by next year. haha.... which I wish would hurry up and get here already. Work life is starting to but into my happy memories. haha..
Oh, I totally forgot about the silent auctions. I know I placed a bid on an item but was stewarding in the autograph room and never checked back.
I know I didn't win it but it would have been interesting to know how high it went.
I have to say that there should have been more info about the silent auctions. I know Sue mentioned it but I'm somewhat sure people missed it because they never went back into the reg room on Sunday.
Anyway, I got something in the auction that I have been looking for for a very long time.
Thanks to the G4 for donating it.
Also thanks for the steward's photo. I received it in the mail on Saturday. Love it! I need to get a frame.
Mumsey wrote: Wow! Thanks for all the kind words.
With regard to the auction. Please don't feel badly at being disappointed not to be able to afford the items. This was a fact that I had to come to terms with very quickly in my con experiences. What I concentrated on was the fun aspect of the event. The guests let their hair down and run around the audience with a freedom that that they don't usually have, and we get to see the silly side of them too! And there's usually an opportunity to donate to the causes with the 'bucket' items. - usually an off-the-cuff happening (like John Ward's song). Last year the bucket went round twice - once to get Amanda to sing (Truly Scrumptious) and the second time to get Thomasina to stop singing! It's amazing how much goes into those buckets.
Next time - Baton twirling!
I was a baton twirler for 4 years in High School, I've even marched in the St. Patrick's Day Parade. I was so excited to learn Amanda used to be a twirler. I would have loved to see her twirl. Hopefully next year!!
Hi, I just got around to reading this so that is why the date will be 7/31.
However, I am one of the people who probably bid too high at the auction. I didn't mean to disrupt anyones chances at winning something. I generally picked on things that had hats for some reason. But the truth is that my mother died about two years before. She was a really big fan of Amanda as am I. So I took what she had left me including a lot of gold jewelry and sold it all. I used that money to come to England and just go to the AT3 convention. I then decided to donate a lot of that money to the charity because I still retained all the memories of my mother and that was the important thing to me. So when the bidding started on some of the items I did bid them up some and then my last bid was usually on the high side. I did that with 5 different items. I won on four of them and the fifth item i got anyhow because Amanda came over and asked if I was still interested even with the lower bid. That was the phone call from RDA. Anyhow, I didn't do this out of anything but love for my mother and great admiration for Amanda Tapping. I am sorry if I made anyone seem uncomfortable about the bidding. Trust me, it was not my intension. I only wanted to help by donating the money. Besides, I can't even right any of it off on my taxes because it took place in another country. So believe me when I said I did it from my heart.
Good for you. I've read your story before and it's a very nice thing to do.
@ llperkiss... I had a blast meeting you at AT3!!!
So I dunno how you come up with the idea that you could have made somebody uncomfortable... I really enjoyed it and at the end of the day it's all about charity, isn't it??? Personally I don't have the money to keep up with the biddings... I tried a couple of times but no chance... so I decided to spend as much money as possible for those charity thingys down in the registration room and my friend and I donated 200 BP for personalized autographs from Amanda (which seems to be nothing compared to the amount of money you folks donated but for us it was a hell a lot of money).
When I read your post about your mom a couple of weeks ago (when you told us about your phonecall with Rick) I really thought that's the greatest thing to do with the money.
Thank you for your kind remarks. I was only responding to the email from the person who made some comments about the bidding.
I must say you guys have a better memory them me. I don't remember anyone that I met with anyone's name. I remember meeting people, but I am terrible with names. And out of site out of name! From the event, the only person I can put a name with is Amanda and Mumsey. Everyone else forget it. I never noticed names on the name tags and few people ever told me their name. I remember places. I had a group of young girls next to me from France. I met a real nice person from Calcary. I would even be able to recognize many of these people. But in the end names will be lost on me unless I force myself to remember a name because I see the person all the time.
llperkiss wrote: Hi, I just got around to reading this so that is why the date will be 7/31.
Oh, I please don't let my personal thoughts about the auction upset you. I know everyone who bid did so with the best of intentions. This was my first auction and I wasn't really sure on what to expect and it was more embarrassment on my part than anger at the people who bid. The goal of the auction was to raise as much money as possible and the reasonable part of my brain understood and cheered the high bids. I was just embarrassed that I couldn't afford anything and I just sat there. That's all. Truly. I'm very happy that you were were able to win the items you did and that Amanda offered you the item for the lower bid.
Why be embarrassed for not bidding. I have gone to several auctions that I couldn't afford to bid on anything. Personally, I would trade anything to have my mother back. I only bid the money because it was not what I wanted to remember my mother by. I normally wouldn't have such extras. In fact, I am right about back where I was financially before she died. So now it is totally up to me to find the money for the next AT4. I am trying something new. I quit my job and trying to make money in another (totally legal) method. If I succeed even a little you will see me at the next one. If not, well life if there to try new things. Some work some don't. So be it. Now enough on this subject. I would rather talk about AT4 or the Vancouver convention. We already started a new topic on those subjects.
Well, I'm very late to this party!
karjens40 I loved your report, well done!. I was one of the women at your table so I'm glad to see you had nice things to say about us. It was a wonderful table with very nice people, you included. We had lots of fun including watching you navigate the room in those shoes. I think we all had similar reactions to our discussions with Amanda. Would love to have the chance to do it again and be less goofy.
I hadn't realized you left the auction but hopefully you'll make it back for the next one. Bidding or not, it was fun.
llperkiss, we met as well. We had breakfast together the last morning and we tried not to bid against each other at the auction. No need to apologize, that was a beautiful way to honour your mother. Hope everything works out in your new venture.
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2019-04-25T13:51:27Z
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http://forums.gabitevents.com/viewtopic.php?t=752&p=10116
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Green Torque is capable to offer its customers a leading-edge below listed products and solutions. Our solution is based on high-quality; high-performance offerings that can help the customer achieve enhanced productivity, increased business agility, and greater competitive advantage. Our potential customers can have confidence in the proposed approach because Green Torque has assisted customers across the region with the successful deployment of business solutions. We are committed to customer’s success and are confident that our solution addresses the customer a business requirements.
Converged infrastructure is combining server, storage, and networks into a single framework, help to transform the economics of running the datacenter thus accelerating the transition to IP storage to help build infrastructures that are “cloud-ready”. The combination of storage and compute into a single entity is known as converged storage.
Converged infrastructure operates by grouping multiple IT components into a single, optimized computing package. Components of a converged infrastructure may include servers, data-storage devices, networking equipment and software for IT infrastructure management, automation and orchestration. Organizations use converged infrastructure to centralize the management of IT resources, to consolidate systems, to increase resource-utilization rates, and to lower costs. Converged infrastructures foster these objectives by implementing pools of computers, storage and networking resources that can be shared by multiple applications and managed in a collective manner using policy-driven processes.
Green Torque, being an HP Authorized Channel Partner is capable of implementing such IT infrastructure Solutions.
In computing, virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a hardware platform, operating system (OS), storage device, or network resources. Virtualization can be viewed as part of an overall trend in enterprise IT that includes autonomic computing, a scenario in which the IT environment will be able to manage itself based on perceived activity, and utility computing, in which computer processing power is seen as a utility that clients can pay for only as needed. The usual goal of virtualization is to centralize administrative tasks while improving scalability and overall hardware-resource utilization. With virtualization, several operating systems can be run in parallel on a single central processing unit (CPU). This parallelism tends to reduce overhead costs and differs from multitasking, which involves running several programs on the same OS.
Virtualization allows an IT manager to manage systems with more flexibility and control, at a lower cost, with added security. Disaster recovery plans are a built in part of virtualization because virtualized images can recover all of a systems’ servers. Virtualization also allows a manager to set up multiple systems, easily, at a faster rate that also reduces costs.
Flexibility and Control: Virtualization is an extremely flexible option because it allows IT managers to expand, shrink or move the virtual computer without modifying the hardware. With virtualization data can be moved without affecting access to the data. Data is no longer bound to a physical hard drive like a desktop which gives companies more flexibility to grow their data field or change in their file storage environment.
Environmentally Friendly: Virtualization reduces the number of servers a company uses which decreases the energy it takes to operate and cool the servers. Without virtualization many data centers run at only a fraction of their capacity and thus are very inefficient at converting electricity into IT work. Virtualization reduces energy use by helping systems run at peak performance and optimize energy use. The reduced about of servers decreases energy while maintaining the same processing power. IT managers are also allowed to turn off computers from a centralized location in order to not waste electricity and money. All of this means a significant improvement in IT efficiency and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
Cost Benefit: In computing, the benefits of virtualization are primarily reducing the hardware costs by upto 70%. Organizations can dramatically increase the efficiency of their existing data center through virtualization and potentially avoid the massive cost of building a new one. With virtualization, instead of buying new computers every 3-5 years, older computers can run new applications though the virtualized server. Sometimes companies only run one application on a server because they don’t want to risk the application failing and crashing the other computers. With virtualization, computers becoming a multi-tasking one and multiple servers into a computing pool that can adapt to large workloads. Another added cost benefit is a reduction in time it takes to send out patches and updates. Virtualized machines can be turned off from a centralized location which also reduces utility costs.
Virtualization is a long lasting solution to reduce the hassles IT managers face with managing, securing and upgrading computers. Through a virtualized system it’s easier to keep desktops updated and secure and the cost benefits and environmental benefits companies reap from upgrading to a virtualized system are an added bonus. Green Torque has the competence to assist customers to evaluate, migrate or deploy “virtualization”. Thus convert your IT Infrastructure into complete Virtual environment. Green Torque has partnered with Microsoft, VMware & Citrix to provide Virtualization Solution to its customers.
Structured cabling is the design and installation of a cabling systems that will support multiple hardware uses systems and be suitable for today’s needs and those of the future. Green Torque has proven its structured cabling capabilities by accurately installing the system to customer requirements of today and of tomorrow. The system can be catered for and whatever hardware you choose to add will be supported.
Green Torque’s Structured cabling design and installation is governed by a set of standards that specify wiring data centers, offices, and apartment buildings for data or voice communications using various kinds of cable, most commonly CAT5e, CAT6, and fiber optic cabling and modular connectors. These standards define how to lay the cabling in various topologies in order to meet the needs of GT’s customers, typically using a central patch panel , from where each modular connection can be used as needed. Each outlet is then patched into a network switch for network use or into an IP or PBX telephone system patch panel.
Lines patched as data ports into a network switch require simple patch cables at each end to connect a computer. Green Torque follows color coded patch panel cables to identify the type of connection, though structured cabling standards do not require it except in the demarcation wall field.
Cabling standards demand that all eight conductors in Cat5e/6/6A cable are connected, resisting the temptation to ‘double-up’ or use one cable for both voice and data. IP phone systems, however, can run the telephone and the computer on the same wires.
Collaboration in the workplace is when two or more people (often groups) work together through idea sharing and thinking to accomplish a common goal. It is simply teamwork taken to a higher level. Teamwork is often a physical joining of two people or a group to accomplish a task. With the changes and advancements in technology, such as high-speed Internet, web-based programs, file sharing, email and video-conferencing, collaboration has become a more productive way of doing things. Collaboration in the workplace incorporates teamwork and several other aspects, such as the following: Thinking and brainstorming ideas to provide solutions – This key element brings groups together to offer different perspectives and expertise to solve for common problems. The phrase ‘putting our heads together’ would be a good example of this important element of collaboration. A strong sense of purpose – Groups and individuals who truly collaborate see the value in working together. Collaboration is not forced upon someone. There should be a meaningful reason for working together, and it should benefit both parties or the company as a whole. Equal participation – In corporate America, a collaborative manager or leader may often say, ‘leave your titles at the door.’ Treating everyone as equals when collaborating can open up communication and encourage ideas from all levels of the company or department, not just the managers or directors.
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2019-04-19T04:59:23Z
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http://gt-kw.co/gogreen/it-infrastructure/
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This paper will address the teaching of art. But to begin I'd like to ask you a question: Can you juggle? Specifically, can you juggle five balls?
In case you answered no, I'll tell you how. Start with three balls in your dominant hand—let's assume your right—and two in your left hand. All tosses should make a high arc to the opposite hand. First, throw out of the hand holding three balls. The second toss should come out of your left hand, shortly after throwing the first. The third toss should come out of your right again. If you've done this correctly, the first throw should be coming down towards your left hand, so toss ball number four up the same path as ball number two and catch ball number one. Ball number two should then be coming down towards your right hand, so throw ball number five up the same path as one. You now have ball one in your left hand and ball two in your right, opposite where they started. So follow the previous steps, but in reverse. Then repeat. The balls follow a figure-eight pattern.
Now that you have the instructions, I'll ask you again: can you juggle five balls? Allow me to presume that the answer is still no. Juggling is not a philosophical or theoretical activity. It is not even primarily a mental one. It is a physical one made possible by an understanding about how your body works and a few million stored memories about movement and physics. Your conscious mind, by design, takes all this for granted. The neurological components activated in juggling are working in a manner that one cannot really call "thinking." The only way to accomplish it is by intelligent practice. Starting with learning to juggle three balls, or even one, would be a decent idea. The theory flows forth from practice, not the other way around.
By saying so, I wish to counter the idea that conceptualism ought to be introduced early on in the college art curriculum. For the purpose of this paper, I am not going to distinguish between conceptualism (an approach to art primarily dominated by ideas), critical theory (the interpretation of art objects according to postmodernist analytical models), critical thinking (which unfortunately has become a euphemism for critical theory in certain settings), and conceptual thinking (a horrible coinage that aspires to make the inculcation of critical theory sound like a respectable enterprise). By the time they reach the student, all of these impulses translate to an idea-driven art practice. After a dozen years of teaching art, I have come to the opposite conclusion: that a serious fine art education should embrace its roots in the physical. We should teach art more or less like dance, or juggling. The student should spend the bulk of his time acquiring techniques, and implementing those techniques in a way that interests him. It makes sense to favor the former early on and the latter later on.
Along the way we should encourage the student to think. Note that I did not say that we should teach them conceptual thinking. Neither did I say that we should teach them critical thinking. They're already thinking, and we ought to invite them to do it more, and do it better. But we're looking to turn them into great artists, not great thinkers, and the former hardly depends on the latter. Mostly we need them to labor, to put their talents to use. We need them to act.
In 2003 I was teaching art in Miami, and I had the opportunity to speak on a panel discussion with a variety of art educators. At one point I lamented the fact that a friend of mine, a figurative marble sculptor, had recently moved back to New England. Consequently, no one could teach figurative carving in marble in the entire lower half of the state of Florida. Smirking, the panel moderator let out a derisive huff of air. He then verbalized his objection to my remark: that a contemporary art education shouldn't privilege "fetish materials"—he actually called them that—and asked hypothetically why contemporary art students wouldn't be equally well-served by learning how to make sculptures out of, say, shoes. There's a simple answer to this: marble provides more possibilities of form. You could sculpt a shoe out of marble. You could not sculpt a realistic human figure out of shoes. One might ask, legitimately, whether we ought to teach both carving and assemblage. But that's not what Professor Shoe, as we'll call him, was suggesting. He was disparaging a medium and the techniques that go with it.
Techniques are not merely uses of tools. They represent a holistic understanding about the interactions of tools, materials, and the myriad details of human feeling that together give us the stuff of art. Too, a technique is not merely the way that one manifests an idea. Techniques define the space in which one can form ideas.
Paul Graham, in his seminal book on the programming language Lisp,1 makes an important assertion: "Programming languages teach you not to want what they cannot provide." I would suggest that mediums do this in general. You can use marble to produce outcomes of such enormous variety as to dwarf the possibilities of shoes. The converse is also true: mediums teach you to want what they can provide. Once you gain a certain amount of familiarity with plastic medium like marble, you start to imagine creative possibilities that would never have occurred to you before you learned to carve. The materials don't merely serve the imagination—they fire the imagination. Technique, seen properly as a relationship between desire and materials, causes new possibilities to appear to the artist. The materials not only have limitations, but potentialities. Stated poetically, materials have their own mind, and the artist interacts with that mind.
So why would someone argue against marble in favor of shoes? I learned subsequently that this notion derives from a particular reduction of postmodernist boilerplate. The idea, briefly, says that since the Western tradition of art-making values the carving of marble, and the Western artistic heritage is guilty by association with Western peoples and their often deplorable behavior over the course of several centuries, the denigration of marble carving qualifies as progressive. I have since seen the same opinion expressed by others whose preferences tend towards critical theory. The notion has at least two problems. First, in logic, we call this a genetic fallacy. Second, it amounts to arguing against possibilities in favor of hobbling yourself.
The Western tradition also produced the five-ball cascade, and while I've never seen anyone try to characterize the figure-eight pattern as a fetish shape or damn the pattern as a Western cultural construct, one could do so via the same genetic fallacy. Why not throw all the balls in a big circle, which was the native practice of China, according to the few depictions we have? The answer becomes instantly clear if you try it. The shower pattern, as we call the big circle, requires you to throw five balls consecutively with one hand before you make the first exchange, which is extremely difficult. Why privilege balls over, say, shoes? Because shoes fall in an irregular way, and they won't roll or bounce, and therefore provide fewer possibilities for manipulation. It turns out that the traditional techniques have an enormous wealth of information in them.
If you're a teacher, and a student comes to you interested in making assemblage sculpture out of shoes, you'll give him information about epoxy and thrift stores and working in an area with good ventilation. If a student comes to you interested in figurative marble carving, you'll give him information about chisels, and making drawings for different aspects of the final work, and covering your head so your hair doesn't get cut by marble shards. At least that's what you'll do if you're worth anything as a teacher. The irony of Professor Shoe is that he imagined himself as a progressive teacher who wouldn't force a future shoe sculptor to work in marble. He failed to see that he had become its mirror-image: a retrogressive teacher who would force a future marble sculptor to work with shoes.
Six years later, this kind of Oedipal thinking persists. Brett Sokol, reporting for New York Magazine on the graduate (or possibly postgraduate) school currently under development in Miami that will take the name Art + Research, quoted Yale instructor Henry Madoff saying, "Most art is conceptually based now. It's art based on an idea. It didn't turn out that the twentieth century's most influential artist was Picasso. It turned out it was Duchamp. ... We don't need to do foundation courses, how to draw, how to sculpt."2 This is true, in a way, presuming you don't want to draw or sculpt. The departure of one of the only people in the state who can carve figuratively in marble only constitutes a loss if you care about what he does. But one of the few things everyone agrees on in art education is that art school ought to generate more possibilities for the student. Certain things only become possible after an apprenticeship to one's craft. Drawing turns out to be one of them. If you can't draw, you never learn to want the things that drawing makes possible. Madoff's quote is not only description, but self-fulfilling prophecy. It aims to replace an arguably restrictive tradition with a demonstrably restrictive innovation. The supporters of this innovation don't see it that way, but like Professor Shoe, they can't.
There are a couple of reasons for this. The first is that no creature succumbs to habit quite like the assimilated rebel. As Hannah Arendt put it, "The most radical revolutionary will become a conservative the day after the revolution." Railing against the hoary medium of marble, in all its Eurocentrism, phallocentrism, and oligarchic implications, apes writers who had their heyday in the early '90s and are now, if they're still alive, critiquing allegedly insidious hegemons from lofty, tenured perches in academia. A side effect of the institution of tenure causes fashionable ideas to remain in place long after intellectual hemlines have changed altitude, and a generation of students of these tendentious thinkers have cycled through college on their way to all manner of positions in the art world, including museum curatorships. Conceptualist curators demand conceptualist work, thus obliging educators to teach conceptualism to prepare their students for the art world. (Indeed, what self-identified progressive teacher doesn't want a position near the front, wherever that may be?) This is the second reason that conceptualist teachers don't see their innovation as restrictive: the road to conceptualism is paved with good intentions.
Conceptually-driven instructors substitute an easy kind of freedom for a hard one. When Professor Shoe challenged the place of marble in an art curriculum, he did so as an effort to expand beyond the traditional conception of art. He, and a lot of teachers like him, have invested heavily in the idea of infinitely increasing options. The modernist project consisted, at heart, of efforts to attain quality at the expense of previously known traits about art. Its prototypical examples come from postwar abstraction, which achieved the heights of art despite its jettisoning of what had been understood for hundreds of years as a picture. The conceptualist project seeks to establish the identity of objects as art objects at the expense of previously known traits about art. Instead of seeking the essence of art's quality, it seeks the essence of art's identity. Its prototypical examples are the readymades and collages of Duchamp. Contemporary objects that trace their lineage back to Duchamp's art pranks (and not, notably, his more crafted works) try to defy expectations of what art is supposed to look like, adopting a similarly anti-traditional stance. The theme of the 2008 Whitney Biennial was "lessness,"3 the title of a dreary rant by Samuel Beckett,4 and it encouraged the display of arrangements of detritus that hardly evinced human involvement, the most casual standards of photography, and happenings so devoid of originality or distinctiveness from the background of normal life that they could only be recognized as art by context. The Whitney Biennial opened during the inaugural show of the New Museum in its new building, entitled "Unmonumental," with largely the same aesthetic priorities.5 Then in October the Guggenheim opened "theanyspacewhatever," featuring artists for whom "an exhibition can be a film, a novel, a shared meal, a social space, a performance, or a journey."6 We're witnessing an effort, a hundred years in the making, to legitimize ever-increasing kinds of objects as art, starting with a bottle rack and culminating in a shared meal. This is a kind of freedom, a freedom of possibilities, maximized to an absurd scale that moots a discussion about marble carving. But it's a dissipated freedom that gives rise to exhibitions as lethargic as their titles. As is typical of perversions of modernism, it starts with the observation that intense labors do not necessarily result in the best art, runs it through the standard equine-vehicular reversal, and proceeds on the assumption that minimal labors result in good art.
But where there is only freedom of possibility, there is effectively no freedom at all. There's another kind of freedom that we need to address as teachers: the freedom of ability. I have the freedom of possibility to juggle six balls: circumstances, opportunity, and the general conception of juggling all permit it. But it's not going to happen, because I physically can't do it. Against a background of freedom of possibility, which is more or less given, one has to develop freedom of ability by dint of practice—physical repetition of skills with the desire to produce a particular outcome. We should recognize that we are dealing with an entirely different sort of freedom here. I can actually demonstrate the juggling of five balls, and even witnessing my doing so does not enable you to do the same, because juggling does not operate in the realm of ideas. Ideas can be communicated. Technique must be embodied. The profound pleasure of juggling five balls is available to you only secondhand, as an observer. The same is true of drawing, painting, and sculpting to the extent that you can't do these things. The common point about contemporary art practice, that manufacturing skills can be outsourced to artisans while some conceptual savant directs production, like Jeff Koons, for instance, results in a second-hand kind of art that can be thought about endlessly but is physically and emotionally lacking. It befits an art world that doesn't regard materials as legitimate unless supported by a conceptual framework. But there's a longstanding tradition, to which I adhere, that conceptual frameworks are not legitimate unless supported by the heartfelt use of materials. And while good art does not necessarily need a conceptual framework—as far as I can tell, good art does not necessarily need any particular thing—conceptual frameworks need materials or we're talking about philosophy instead of art. So there are not two sides to the equation, nor an agreeable midpoint somewhere. Time spent dealing with issues is time spent not making art. Such time may be fruitful and healthy, but we ought to see it for what it is—a break in the action.
So we need non-virtual classrooms where we let students serve their apprenticeships to their materials, occasionally picking up their tools for them so they can see how things are done, and letting them return to work. Our authority derives from a longer time spent in our own apprenticeship to materials, which we will never fully satisfy. Incrementally, the students develop technique. As technique builds, the materials start to suggest their own possibilities. The upward launch of art comes from freedom of ability. Freedom of possibility is the launch pad—necessary, to be sure, but not notable in itself. Freedom of possibility doesn't demand an apprenticeship. It needs simple establishment as policy. The students will take it from there. As for ideas, we ought to encourage a love of reading, writing skills, and articulate presentation. These three virtues self-evidently correlate to conceptual skills, whereas the willy-nilly introduction of issues into studio syllabi promises nothing of the sort.
Technique, understood correctly, is a form of freedom. A good education in art emphasizes technique because a good education, in the broadest sense, emphasizes freedom. If we mostly stick to teaching technique, we stay away from the question of what a student should be doing, which frankly is none of our business, and keeps us on the task of maximizing the student's capabilities, which is. The education of ideas as envisioned by Professor Shoe threatens to do the opposite. One could characterize the conceptualist mindset as an effort to prioritize ideas over technique, or stated conversely, an effort to drive the priority of technique below that of ideas. Freedom will follow suit.
1. Paul Graham: ANSI Common Lisp, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996.
2. Brett Sokol, "Miami Art Machine," New York Magazine, April 27, 2008.
3. Henriette Huldisch, curator, writing in the catalogue for the 2008 Whitney Biennial.
6. Nancy Spector, curator, on guggenheim.org. The title is taken from Gilles Deleuze, "who used the term 'any-space-whatever' to describe a cinematic moment defined by multiple perspectives that are unmoored from the coordinates of time and space."
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2019-04-22T03:05:54Z
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http://www.franklin.art/writing/2009/mind-of-materials/
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What a completely reactionary write-up by Simon Jenkins (From militant medical professionals to offended lawyers, professionals are the new union barons,19 November), supporting federal government attacks on junior physicians and legal assist legal professionals. He peddles the nonsense that the price of legal assist is twenty instances Europe’s regular, disregarding the several comparable reviews that have discovered fees to be typical. His quaint middle-class thought that illustration can basically be fixed by us seeking mediation ignores the part of some authorized assist attorneys in supporting campaigns that uncovered horrible police methods in cases these kinds of as Hillsborough or Stephen Lawrence.
His idea that absolutely everyone must be denied the two a solicitor and a barrister would guide immediately to masses of miscarriages of justices, the place the law enforcement and prosecution would have illustration denied to everybody else. It would also guide to a absence of accountability. The final time I was at court docket was at an inquest for a loved ones of a gentleman who had died in a G4S jail. The prison had skilfully managed to tell the improper loved ones their son experienced died. This did not stop them having four associates at the inquest – but it also did not cease the jury criticising their methods. First rate representation may not be important for the likes of Simon Jenkins, but the vast majority of society can’t manage to be without having it.
• Simon Jenkins hits the nail on the head yet again. As a senior civil servant at the stop of the 70s, I become the direct negotiator with the BMA on the pay and circumstances of medical center doctors. My mom-in-law’s response was to wag her finger and tell me I need to “look following them simply because they look after me”. It before long turned very clear that the BMA have been, and continue being, a formidable negotiating pressure, and considerably of this pressure will come from the support they have from the community. This, in flip, indicates that politicians have by no means been prepared to experience down the health care job and its restrictive practices at minimum because Nye Bevan discovered he had to “stuff their mouths with gold” to get them to cooperate with the new NHS in 1948.
One of the concerns we tackled or, far more correctly, failed to tackle, in the late 70s was modifications in junior doctors’ contracts. The consultants argued that affected person safety created it needed to have a prolonged tail of junior medical doctors at perform or on phone 24 several hours a day. I compared this with the cover available in personal hospitals, where several consultants much more than doubled their salaries. There, no junior health-related include existed, consultants popped in to perform functions or prescribe treatment method and popped out once again, there was no accessibility to individual documents and no intense care services if things went wrong. This is even now, essentially, the placement these days. Regardless of these evident variations we didn’t deal with to get medical protect in NHS hospitals on to a far more value-effective footing, mostly since ministers caved in. The existing dispute with junior medical doctors is instead diverse, but the power of the BMA stays.
• On webpage 37, Simon Jenkins informs us that the curbing of trade union electrical power has made the British financial system “more versatile and much more efficient”. On page 28, an Institute for Fiscal Studies report details up some of the gross inequalities in British society, with the best one% of homes having internet wealth of much more than £2.4m and the poorest 1% with adverse net wealth of far more than £16,000.
Possibly Jenkins’ following report could examine the hyperlinks among declining trade union energy and developing social inequality, since impeccably mainstream organisations this kind of as the Planet Bank look certain that this sort of backlinks exist. He might also care to offer us his definitions of flexibility and performance, as well.
• As 1 person’s restrictive follow is another’s livelihood, the dismantling of trade union restrictive methods over the last 35 a long time can scarcely be witnessed as an unalloyed “good thing”, speed Simon Jenkins. Indeed, a key influence of the reduction of trade union energy has been the very sharp reduction in the share of nationwide revenue likely to wages and the consequential progress of inequality in this country, with its zero-several hours contracts, condition subsidies to employers and landlords, and exploitation of inexpensive migrant labour.
As for the professions, the difficulty is not so significantly with restrictive practices as with restricted accessibility, as authorities increasingly seeks to change electrical power away from the professions and to monetise all associations. It is this concern of electricity in the market that Simon, remarkably, fails to recognise. Unfettered marketplaces are the difficulty, not the solution. The professions represent impartial sources of power in our modern society, which is one explanation that they are underneath these kinds of swingeing attack from the neoliberals with their dogmatic assertion of the electricity of the “market” over all else. Cui Bono, Simon?
• Simon Jenkins condescendingly asserts that British universities are “wasting half the pupil yr even though teachers ‘do research’ or get holidays”. Does he feel that the publishable research needed from teachers transpires in a time-totally free dimension? His jibe demonstrates no appreciation of the huge quantity of work guiding the research that fortify so a lot of of his posts or culminate in the systems and health care treatments from which so many of us gain.
The entire extent of the prosperity gap amongst Britain’s prosperous and bad has been laid bare by a thinktank report demonstrating that 9% of households have no property although five% are value in excessive of £1.2m.
The study by the Institute for Fiscal Studies shows that the Uk is a a lot more unequal place when calculated by prosperity – the benefit of assets these kinds of as housing, pensions and shares – than it is when calculated by cash flow.
At a single stop of the scale, the poorest 1% of households have unfavorable web wealth of far more than £16,000 – the outcome of their money owed being greater than the benefit of any belongings they might keep.
At the other end, the best one% of homes have web prosperity of much more than £2.4m. With 7 out of 10 homes possessing their homes outright or purchasing them by means of a house loan, the IFS investigation discovered that the wealth of the median family – the a single in the middle of the distribution – was £172,000.
The IFS mentioned the Gini coefficient evaluate of prosperity inequality stood at .sixty five, with a rating of zero equal to a country in which wealth was shared equally and a ranking of one. for a country in which all prosperity was in the fingers of a single individual. The Gini coefficient for cash flow stood at .40.
The research protected trends in prosperity throughout the four-calendar year period of time 2006-08 and 2010-twelve – a time when a deep economic downturn and a sluggish recovery led to falling house costs. It located that, mainly owing to modifications in pension wealth, youthful homes ended up on training course to be much less asset-wealthy than their mother and father.
The IFS said that after stripping out modifications in how future pension revenue was valued, imply pension prosperity enhanced in genuine conditions (ie after modifying for inflation) by close to £13,000 for households aged 25-34, £32,000 for households aged 35-44 and £38,000 for homes aged 45-fifty four.
The IFS explained that amongst households aged twenty five-34, virtually a quarter (24%) did not anticipate to receive any income from the condition pension in retirement, even though nearly fifty percent (forty four%) did not assume to obtain any cash flow from a non-public pension. Nevertheless, 28% of individuals envisioned an inheritance to supply them with some retirement assets.
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2019-04-26T16:26:48Z
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http://12wws.com/tag/inequality/
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While there are many options to choose from (from indoor and outdoor-specific tables to compact tables for small spaces, and more), not all tables are going to suit all needs and budgets – which is why we created this guide. In it, we plan to cover all the best table tennis table brands, types, and budgets to help you make an informed decision.
inding a quality ping pong table that not only suits your needs but also sits within your budget range may seem daunting, even if you know where and how to look. There are many options and factors to consider before making the final decision. In this guide we’ve composed customer reviews, player reviews, online and in person interviews, and days of research into a comprehensive guide that you won’t find a better version of online.
This guide compares and reviews 9 of our top picks ordered by rating to make browsing easy. You can jump directly to any table that interests you using the menu below. Finally, there’s a useful buyer’s guide at the bottom of the page that helps explain what to look for when buying a ping pong table.
The best overall table tennis table on the market is, undoubtedly, the STIGA Advantage. Despite its budget-friendly price, it’s competition-ready and fits all the tournament specifications. Even the net is far better quality than most of the others we’ve reviewed – including those which are USATT approved – proving that this table is exceptional value for the money.
As with our other STIGA table tennis table review, it is so quick and easy to set up the STIGA Advantage Table Tennis Table. It takes just a few minutes and can be done alone, but we would advise getting two people to pick up and turn over the table when you’re ready to play. At 190 pounds in total, it isn’t practical to turns over on your own.
From the moment this ping pong table is put together, its quality is obvious. It looks and feels like it’s been built to a far higher standard than the price tag would imply, offering strength and bounce like many expensive, professional tables. This table would suit an amateur or intermediate level player who is looking for a table which they can use to train, develop and improve their skills.
This is definitely possible with the STIGA Advantage. The 15mm thick playing surface tops high density MDF construction. It isn’t the thickest, but it is remarkably smooth and even, providing the perfect, highly responsive playing surface for super fast play.
Everything about this table tennis table is ready for competition, including the dimensions, materials and even the net. The tournament grade net is made from heavy duty cotton and measures 72 inches across, with the option to easily adjust the tension so that it fits perfectly. Having a ping pong table and net set that is already set up to a tournament standard is fantastic for anyone looking to compete at a high level.
We’ve chosen the STIGA XTR Outdoor Table Tennis Table as the best outdoor table tennis table on the market. Featuring exterior grade netting, top table construction that can withstand various weather conditions and a sturdy, galvanized steel construction, this design is durable and enjoyable for gameplay. However, with a top surface thickness of just 6mm, it simply doesn’t offer a professional level of performance or bounce.
The STIGA XTR Outdoor Table Tennis Table can be assembled in about 10 minutes. This is a dramatic improvement on the Kettler table.
This is a full size table, offering a playing surface that measures 9 feet long and 5 feet wide. This is perfect for getting in some serious practice or gathering round a few friends for some multiplayer fun. It can also be folded up for single player play or for very compact storage.
In fact, in terms of storage, this is one of the smallest full sized tables that we’ve come across. Like the JOOLA Midsize Compact Table Tennis Table, the two halves of the STIGA XTR can come apart to be used individually as free-standing tables. Alternatively, the two halves can nest into one another, creating a slimline profile which doesn’t need much storage space.
We found it very simple to switch between the main play, solo play and fold-down configurations. The legs might be made from galvanized steel, but they have been made with an automatic opening feature which makes it easier to open and close the table without worrying about supporting a heavy weight or pinching fingers. When it’s folded for storage, a latch can be used to lock the two halves in place, meaning safety at all times for the whole family.
If you do happen to setup the table on uneven ground, it’s not a problem. While the Kettler outdoor table was prone to bending (creating an uneven playing surface which could not be rectified easily), the STIGA XTR includes adjustable rubber levelers to ensure that you can always play on a level table. It also features wheels which can be locked into place to ensure that the table doesn’t move while you’re playing.
The quality and flexibility of this ping pong table is great, but we were disappointed by the thickness of the playing surface. At just 6mm thick it is thinner than most recreational household tables, and while it delivers a surprising amount of bounce, experts and professionals will find that it isn’t as responsive as thicker surfaces. That said, it still feels great to play on, and for fun, recreational, outdoor use, beginners are unlikely to notice a difference.
In terms of specs, the JOOLA Inside 15mm Table Tennis Table is very similar to the STIGA XTR. The difference is that here, the playing surface is almost three times as thick as the outdoor table, offering exceptional bounce and playability. It’s a great indoor table tennis training tool of better quality than the price suggests.
Like the STIGA XTR, assembly of this table tennis table was impressively quick. All it required was fitting and tightening about 8 bolts– unlike the hours of difficulty that come with the Kettler and MD Sports tables.
We were impressed with the durability of this ping pong table. The legs, which measure 1.5 inches wide, are made from strong steel, but they do fold away for compact storage. In addition, the quality feels like it can stand up to pretty aggressive, attack play without bending, breaking or becoming damaged.
The sturdy frame is finished with both rubber levelers for ensuring an always-level playing surface, as well as casters for rolling the table away for storage. Like the STIGA XTR, these can be locked to keep the table safe when not in use. Each half of the table (which can either be folded up for playback mode or kept for separate) features four wheels, so whether you move the two halves individually or together, the process is simple and smooth.
At 15mm thick, the playing surface gave some serious bounce. It responded well, stood up to some hard, attacking shots, and fired off some challenging spins. We found that the bounce was uniform across the whole table, thanks to a 1.5 inch wide apron.
Overall, we really like this table. It checks just about every box in terms of flexibility, performance and functionality, but it doesn’t quite have the really impressive specifications which would elevate it to the ranks of the professional, competitive table tennis tables. However, for a price of under $400, it makes a great buy and a fantastic investment for the ping pong enthusiast.
At over $1500, the Butterfly Centrefold 25 Rollaway Table Tennis Table is by far the most expensive table we’ve reviewed, but it’s also the best suited to top level use, making it our choice as the best professional table money can buy. This is the exact design that was used during the US ITTF Pro Tour Championships in 2004 and 2005. Thus you can get one of the top athletes’ preferred tables for your own personal use.
This ITTF approved table tennis table has been used in some top level tournaments, including the 2004 and 2005 US Open ITTF Pro Tour Championships, so we shouldn’t have been surprized at the quality. However, if you’ve only played on cheaper, recreational tables, you’ll notice a significant improvement.
The Butterfly Centrefold 25 Rollaway Table Tennis Table is tournament ready, including a net which is suitable for tournament use. The top playing surface measures 1 inch thick (25mm), making it by far the thickest surface of all our professional ping pong table reviews. This brought unrivalled bounce which we could use to lay down some powerful shots and tricky curve balls. You can definitely see why this model appeals to professional players, but the overall gameplay experience may be a little too challenging for beginners to handle.
Despite its high level performance, this isn’t a complicated table to use. It arrives fully assembled – great for getting started straight away – and it’s easy enough for one person to move on their own. This is down to the 4 lockable wheels which measure 5 inches in diameter: although these aren’t as numerous as the wheels that you’ll find on the Joola Inside table, they run smoothly and silently.
As you’d expect, this table tennis table can fold away when not in use. However, unlike most of the other options we’ve looked at, this is a one piece design. On the one hand this means that it doesn’t stow away in quite as narrow a space; but on the other hand, it means that there’s less room for error, gaps and misaligned sections – perfect for keeping up that professional standard at all times.
Thick playing surface gives an exceptional bounce.
The JOOLA Midsize Compact Table Tennis Table is our pick for the best midsize compact table tennis table. Measuring 72 inches long and 36 inches wide, it’s two thirds of the size of a full tournament sized table, but it’s still at the regulation height. This table is designed for easy storage.
When it came to assembling and setting up, the JOOLA Midsize Compact Table Tennis Table was by far the easiest of all our ping pong tables reviewed. It comes completely pre-assembled –saving hours on the set-up time of the Kettler and the MD Sports tables. All you need to do is unfold the legs and clamp on the net, all of which take a matter of seconds.
The table itself is made up of two halves. When it comes to storing the table away, it isn’t a case of folding down the sides like most tables. Instead, the two halves come apart and the legs fold up so that they can be stored separately. Each half is a square measuring 36 inches, only a few inches thick, it stows away easily in even the smallest living spaces. As they’re free-standing, the two ping pong table halves could be used as smaller tables, but we wouldn’t recommend this as it would risk damaging the playing surface.
The foldaway nature of this table does mean that it hasn’t been designed with rigid, industrial strength construction. The legs are flimsier than we’d expect from a professional table, but for a midsize table of this size and purpose, the legs and frame are more than adequate.
When it’s fully set up as a table tennis table, this design is at the correct height for tournaments. This makes it comfortable for both adults and children to use. However, in terms of overall playing size, its area is two thirds of the size that you’d get from a full-sized table making it ideal for kids or small living spaces. If you’re new to table tennis then you might find the small playing surface a challenge, but if you’re more experienced you should be able to easily place your shots.
This ping pong table is never going to compete against high quality, professional, tournament-ready table tennis tables, but for the low price (under $200), it makes a fantastic training table for recreational play.
For a table tennis table that costs over $600, we expect quality. Luckily, JOOLA is such a well-known, reputable brand name, that with the JOOLA Rally TL 300, they didn’t disappoint. It has similar specs to the JOOLA Inside table tennis table – offering the same playing surface thickness – but you get high quality workmanship, ball holders and abacus counters as added extras.
Assembly of the JOOLA Rally TL 300 was fairly straightforward, taking us around half an hour, but this is a short amount of time to spend putting together a piece of high quality sporting equipment which is so well built. One aspect of assembly which slowed us down was the mounting of the ball holders, which wasn’t clearly explained in the instructions.
However, once put together, the table offers a fantastic gameplay experience. The surface, which is made from professional grade MDF which is 15mm thick, gives a consistent amount of bounce across the whole surface of the table. We tried both offensive and defensive play, and we were impressed at how durable the surface seemed to be in holding up to some of our harder shots. We guess that’s why this table is USATT approved, having been the brand of choice by so many top-level professional players.
In terms of safety latches and storage options, the JOOLA Rally TL300 offers the same flexibility as other tables such as the JOOLA Inside table and the STIGA XTR. This is proof of its reliable design features and suitability for both match play and solo practice.
However, as touched upon earlier, this table comes with added bonuses not found in the other table tennis table reviews. These include corner ball holders at every corner and magnetic abacus scorers to make playing fun and easy. It seems to be a bit hit or miss as to whether these added extras are included in the box, so if your table arrives and they haven’t been added to the package, get in touch with the manufacturers. This is worth doing as they do enhance the table tennis experience, especially when practicing for tournaments or playing for fun with friends.
The JOOLA NOVA DX Indoor/Outdoor Table Tennis Table is the second most expensive of all those we’ve reviewed, so we had high expectations. The playing surface was a little disappointing, as was the ease of aligning the two table halves, but don’t let this detract from what is a great value purchase considering the table’s lifespan. It’s been designed for long-term outdoor use, so it’s rare to find an outdoor table of this quality that can withstand the elements so well, while still providing high level table tennis training.
As with most JOOLA tables, setup of the JOOLA NOVA DX was a breeze. The only exception was the installation of the net, where the instructions aren’t clear as to how it should fit into place. The net connection system does tend to work loose occasionally, but this is nothing that a quick tightening can’t remedy.
Although the leg levelers are fantastic for evening out the playing surface – especially on a table which can be used outdoors, potentially on uneven ground – adjusting them seemed to be quite difficult. The fact that the table is made up of two separate halves, like most of the ping pong tables we’ve reviewed, means that in the middle where the two sections meet (along the net line), the two halves of the table can become misaligned. It was more difficult to get the exact height the same on both halves than we’ve found with other similar designs, but the net mechanism was useful for hiding this minor inconvenience.
Despite this, both the table top and the frame are very well built. All elements of this table tennis table have been designed for constant outdoor use all year round. You might worry that some cheaper models will warp or delaminate after years’ of outdoor use, but that isn’t a concern with a table of this price and quality. This is because the top playing surface is made from a weather-resistant aluminium plastic composite, so it won’t warp over time. Although it might seem like this is a fairly big investment for your family, it works out as excellent value for money when you consider the long lifespan of this product.
The table might last for years, growing with your family, but if anyone wants to progress to a professional skill level, they might find the 6mm thick surface disappointing. Considering that the Kettler Outdoor table is almost four times as thick for a very similar price, it would be nice if this surface was slightly thicker.
However, this doesn’t detract from what is a well built table that still gives great bounce and performance, even after being used outdoors for years at a time.
Don’t be fooled by the fact that the Kettler Outdoor Table Tennis Table has been designed for outdoor use: this isn’t just a recreational table to use on vacation; this is a seriously impressive piece of sporting equipment. It fits tournament regulations and has a playing surface which is noticeably thicker than the MD Sports table tennis table, delivering far superior, professional levels of bounce, speed and gameplay.
We have been really impressed by the Kettler Outdoor Table Tennis Table. Outdoor tables are stereotyped as being flimsy, cheap toys to be used and abused by kids and adults alike, but we found this model to rival some of the more expensive professional indoor ping pong tables.
For example, the top playing surface is 22mm thick, which is exactly the kind of quality that we’d expect from a club table. It delivers great spin, a fact which is enhanced when you flip up one side to get in some solo practice.
The playing surface features UV-resistant, waterproof and anti-glare technology to make it suitable for outdoors use. The top surface can be used in changing weather conditions, and you needn’t worry about the rest of the table. Aluminium has been included in the design to prevent warping and to control expansion and/or contraction that occurs from different types of weather. A cover is also included for added protection against the elements – although bear in mind that, the net must be removed first. In addition, the legs have been fashioned from galvanized steel so they’ll never corrode.
The frame can stand up to the weather, but we were disappointed in its strength and stability. We have a feeling that if you handle your table roughly, the frame could be prone to bending and buckling, rendering it uneven and impractical to use.
We love the fact that Kettler has designed this table with safety in mind. It features a dual lever to prevent you from knocking the mechanism and closing the table accidentally . In addition, when you fold up one side to play solo, they have patented their design mechanism to eliminate all gaps between the horizontal side of the table and the vertical side. This means that no matter how aggressively you play, you can never lose your ball in the gap, and you can never pinch or trap your fingers or hands.
The MD Sports ping pong table is sized up for tournament play, but if you’d rather get in some solo practice or store it away, it can be easily folded away. Once you move past the fact that assembly takes a few hours, this is a great table for recreational and leisure use.
Measuring nine feet long and five feet wide, this table is perfect for practicing your ping pong skills on the same size table that you’d find in tournaments and competitions. The 15mm thick playing surface has just the right amount of bounce for everyday home use, although clubs and professional players might find that it’s a little too thin. However, we were impressed at how well it responded to our spins and powerful, offensive shots.
This table does come with everything you need to get started, especially useful if it’s your first table. The posts which hold the net in place are so easy to fit that they can be clamped onto the table in a matter of seconds. Two paddles and two balls are included with the set, but they are of cheap quality. If you’re going to invest in a good ping pong table such as this one, we would definitely recommend getting hold of some professional ping pong rackets to match – especially if you intend to take your gameplay to anything more than recreational level.
When not being used by multiple players, you can fold one side of the table up for single person play or practice, or fold both sides down for storage. It’s easy to fold the table in this way – you don’t need any tools – but assembly is a different story. Before you can play for the first time, you’ll need to spend a few hours putting the table together, preferably with the help of a friend and some power tools.
What Is The Difference Between An Indoor Ping Pong Table And An Outdoor Ping Pong Table?
What Is The Correct Size For Ping Pong Table Wheels?
How Long Is A Ping Pong Table?
How Wide Is A Ping Pong Table?
How Tall Is A Ping Pong Table?
Where Do You Want To Keep The Table?
What Type Of Play/use Are You Planning?
How Does It Fit Within The Three Key Principles?
How Long Are Ping Pong Tables?
What Are The Best Ping Pong Table Brands?
While professional ping pong tables are made to be used indoors, the best ping pong tables will provide you with an ideal playing surface, regardless of how or where you play. As a result, the same principles apply to both indoor and outdoor ping pong tables. In both cases, you’ll be looking at the playing surface, the durability and the ease of storage.
Putting these features to one side, one of the biggest differences between ping pong tables is that folding table tennis tables are usually – but not exclusively – built for indoor use. If you intend to play outdoors but need to store your table folded, you might want to look into buying a folding indoor table and taking it outside to play in good weather.
Just as no two ping pong paddles give the same performance or bounce, ping pong tables with different surfaces will give completely different gameplay experiences.
Most professional tables have top surfaces made from plywood, plastic, or even fiberglass. You’ll notice the difference in the amount of bounce you can achieve: In general, thinning layers of wood provide less bounce than thicker surfaces, so thicker is almost always better. Look for a table where the playing surface measures 18 to 20mm (0.7 to 0.8 inches) thick for optimum performance.
When comparing table tennis tables, the thickness of the top layer should be your primary concern since this is what gives your ball its bounce. The bottom layer just acts as the skirting, so its thickness should not be an influential factor in your decision-making process.
Most home tables should sit firmly around the 19mm (0.75 inch) mark, but if you can’t afford the $300-400 price tag, you can find cheaper options. A table measuring between 15 and 19mm (0.6 and 0.75 inches) thick will be decent enough to play on, but aim for something better if you intend to play regularly. Don’t even think about choosing a table with a playing surface that’s any thinner than this as you simply won’t be getting enough bounce for your money.
At the professional end of the spectrum, competition level tables tend to be 25mm (1 inch) thick. These are the most expensive tables on the market, but you’re guaranteed quality and a fantastic gameplay experience. For a decent bridge between home use and competition standard, look for a table measuring 22mm (0.9 inches) thick as this is the standard commonly used by clubs.
Needless to say, you’re going to want a good quality, sturdy frame that can withstand rigorous use – especially if you intend to reach a professional playing standard.
Fixed, non-folding tables provide a more stable frame than folding tables. Due to the rigid construction. However, the drawback with these tables is that they have to stay open all the time.
Some cheaper models have lightweight frames made from wood, but most tables have stainless steel frames for unrivaled strength. These are heavy in weight, but also heavy duty.
Look for stability, rigidity, the ability to move the table and the possibility of adjusting the feet on uneven playing surfaces. Of course, if you’re particularly tall or you intend to play with children, you should look for a table which can be raised or lowered to a comfortable height.
While you’re comparing the strength of ping pong table frames, you should remember that tournaments set strict guidelines on table sizes, so make sure the frame you choose fits within the rules. You are probably asking yourself: how big is a ping pong table?
A good value ping pong table offers not only stability but an even playing surface and a net. For the best overall experience, flexibility, convenience and safety are other key features.
Professional table tennis nets allow you to adjust the height, needed to enter tournaments. Cheap, flimsy, clip-on nets don’t tend to offer much adjustment – or accuracy. You might also see retractable nets on the market. While these are great at being adjustable to fit in different sized tables, they aren’t usually stable enough to be used in serious matches.
Remember that tournament ping pong tables state that the net (as well as the posts securing it at each side of the table) should be 15.25 cm (6 inches) above the top of the table, with the bottom of the net as close to the playing surface as possible. The net can be made from any spun fibre, as long as it’s soft and dark with a light yellow or white tape across the top. There are also regulations about the size and type of knots, as well as the size of the holes making up the mesh.
Convenience is the name of the game in so many aspects of modern life, and ping pong is no exception. That’s why so many tables are designed to fold away – some even come with wheels or casters – meaning that the table can be stored easily and simply rolled out for use.
If you’re buying a table for domestic use or for a commercial space with lots of kids, safety should be a priority. When it comes to ping pong tables, there is always a risk of trapping fingers when putting away or folding out a foldable ping pong table. Look for a table which comes with a lever for easy, smooth folding and unfolding – and even a lock to stop the table from coming apart when in place. In addition, choose a table with padded corners to prevent injuries to children.
If you play table tennis regularly or if you’re training professionally, it’s probably worth keeping your table and net up all the time. However, if that isn’t possible, you do have a few different options.
We’ve already established that retractable nets offer the most ease and convenience when fitting to different tables. Clip on nets offer slightly more permanence, although the loaded springs which are used to hold them in place can be quite heavy. This makes taking them off and putting them on regularly much less convenient than some other designs. The professional nets which offer the ideal solution come with clamps to fasten them in place (and which also make them adjustable), so they can be removed without too much hassle.
The wheels which let you move your ping pong table easily come in different sizes depending upon the size of the table. 125mm is a common diameter for ping pong table wheels, but junior tables are usually smaller.
Some tables are fitted with adjustable feet instead of wheels to ensure that you’re playing on a level surface.
It goes without saying that full size tables which don’t fold need much more space. In these cases, storage can be an issue, especially as you need extra room around the table to play. Don’t be tempted to double up your ping pong table as a regular table as this will damage the playing surface and hinder your gameplay experience.
Folding tables are much easier to store. Typically folding in half, they can end up needing a space no more than a few inches wide. These tables often have wheels, so it’s easy to slide them into a closet or into a corner in most average living spaces.
Tables should be 274 cm (9 feet) long.
Tables should be 152.5 cm (5 feet) wide.
The playing surface should be 76 cm (2 feet 6 inches) above the ground.
In order not to feel cramped or claustrophobic, you will want an extra 5 feet of empty space at each end of the ping pong table. You will also be moving from side to side, so you should clear an extra few feet on each side. In total, you should plan to have a space measuring 19 feet long by 11 feet wide; as a bare minimum.
Here, you’ll mainly be choosing between indoor and outdoor use. As we’ve already seen, the difference between indoor and outdoor tables is not great. You’ll also need to think about where you want to store the table when not in use, as a folding table might be your only realistic option.
If you see table tennis as a hobby or leisure activity to enjoy at home with your family, you can probably get away with a slightly less expensive, lower spec ping pong table. Provided that the table meets your basic requirements, there’s no need to spend more money on extra features which are superfluous if you will only be playing occasionally. As we explored earlier, these basic requirements include an adequate playing surface thickness, a strong frame with plenty of room to move around, a good quality net, a table that’s easily stored and extra safe design features.
However, if you take ping pong seriously and if you intend to play professionally, you will need to invest in a good quality table. Stability, a good quality surface, safety features, durability and flexibility will all boost your performance.
Ping pong tables designed for tournament use should be 2.74m (9 feet) long and 1.52m (5 feet) wide – but if you’re trying to see whether you have enough room at home to keep one, don’t forget to factor in extra space around the table for you to move! You should add an extra five feet at each end of the table and 2-3 extra feet to each side.
Remember to keep the top surface thickness, the strength of the frame, the convenience, the ease of storage and the net height at the forefront of your mind when comparing the best table tennis tables. If you’re considering a table that doesn’t check one of these boxes, it isn’t going to deliver in terms of performance.
You should always buy within your means. If you have big ambitions but a small budget, start off with a smaller, cheaper, entry-level model and work your way up. By then your skills have improved enough to benefit from a better quality table.
Junior or hobby ping pong tables can be as cheap as $40, but you get what you pay for. For a price this low, you can’t expect good quality, durability or a table that will stand up to hours of constant use.
At the other end of the scale, the best professional ping pong tables can cost 100 times as much: it’s not uncommon to see tables costing $3000-4000. Buying one of these tables is an investment, usually accessible to the most successful, skilled and ambitious players only.
For an average, middle of the range, family ping pong table, you can expect to pay a few hundred dollars.
Ping pong tables designed for tournament use should be 2.74m (9 feet) long and 1.52m (5 feet) wide – but if you’re trying to see whether you have enough room at home to keep one, don’t forget to factor in extra space around the table for you to move!
Tables for unofficial play can be different sizes. For example, junior tables are typically about three-quarters of the full size.
Deciding which ping pong table brands are the “best” is a subjective matter. However, some of the most popular brand names which you’re likely to come across during your research are Killerspin, JOOLA, Cornilleau, STIGA and Butterfly.
A ping pong table is not like any other table. It’s a piece of sporting equipment, so you need to take good care of it if you want the best performance.
You should keep the top surface clean and free from debris, but don’t be tempted to use any harsh chemicals that you might find underneath your kitchen sink. A simple mix of water and vinegar should be used to clean the table. Use a soft cloth, gentle, circular movements, and don’t forget to remove the net before you clean.
When not in use, you should take care as to how and where you store your table. Protective covers can be bought to guard against dust and spillages.
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2019-04-21T22:45:13Z
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https://fringepursuits.com/best-ping-pong-table
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In May of last year Economist magazine proclaimed that oil was no longer the world’s most valuable resource. The black gold so instrumental to the advances of the 20th Century had given way to data, a digital commodity they predicted would help fuel future economic growth. If the recent kerfuffle over Cambridge Analytica exploiting Facebook data for political campaigns is any indication, the Economist was absolutely correct.
Despite it’s growing importance, the film industry has always been slightly behind the curve when it comes to exploiting or even collecting consumer data. Sure, Hollywood studios and large distributors have been slicing and dicing the demographics of those attending their films for some time now, but only the largest exhibition chains had the resources to exploit or collect customer data.
Over the past five years however even small circuits have launched loyalty programs from which they can track customer habits or at the very least work with web ticketing companies who give them minimal sets of data. That point of sale systems have advanced to a degree where they can capture granular details about moviegoers has also raised the awareness and importance of customer data. Even mobile apps are able to collect user data that can be helpful to cinema operators looking to find new ways to reach their customers.
All of this has led to countless panel discussions and keynote addresses at trade shows and industry conferences in recent years imploring exhibitors to get into the data game. More often than not, headlining such events is Sarah Lewthwaite. As the Managing Director & Senior Vice President, EMEA of Movio there are few more qualified to talk about how data can be used to impact the motion picture business. For the past four years Lewthwaite has been helping studios get a hand one who exactly is watching their movies and working with cinema operators to implement data driven marketing strategies.
Lewthwaite will be quick to tell you that last point is incredibly important. While many exhibitors have been collecting as much data as possible over the past several years, they have been doing so without any real plan or idea how it can properly be used to increase revenue at their theatres.
A month before this year’s CinemaCon, we spoke with Lewthwaite to get her take on how data was reshaping the industry and what we cold expect to hear about it at this year’s show. The New York Times had just broken the Cambridge Analytica story and it was three weeks before Facebook CEO would testify before the United States Congress. Since then much of what she said during our conversation about the value and usage of data has become part of a wider public discourse on the topic.
As Europe gets ready to rollout the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in May, we think you’ll find our discussion with Lewthwaite informative. The following interview has been edited solely for length.
Where does one even begin the discussion about data in the movie industry? I guess we could start with how have things changed since you’ve been at Movio?
I think, as an industry, we had been a bit behind others in terms of factoring data into any of our strategies. But I think we’ve certainly, in the last five years, caught up quite a bit and the talk is no longer about why do I need a strategy or what do I do, to more about how do I use the data I’ve got effectively and how do I use this as a competitive advantage, and how do I use it to improve that customer relationship and foster strong loyalty. Certainly the conversation has changed which is fantastic to see. Interestingly enough, in the last few months there has been this surge of interest in where data is going which I think has largely been fueled on a few of the things coming out of the U.S. around MoviePass and that monetization around customer data, those types of things we are seeing across the pond have certainly woken a lot of cinemas up to realizing they are sitting on a very valuable asset and they have to look at really finding some smart ways of using it and not just focus on amassing data, but looking at the quality of the data they have and honing in on how they can leverage it to improve their business. That’s definitely where the conversation has shifted to which for me is quite exciting because I feel it makes the jobs for companies like Movio a lot easier. We’re no longer trying to convince people why it’s important. It’s more about how do you develop the right strategy and find the right partners to make yourself successful?
Was there a tipping point? Something that actually helped propel exhibitors thinking about data? Maybe something on a technological level?
I would say that loyalty programs have been around for quite some time, and online ticketing has been continuing to grow as well. By embracing those kind of retail strategies we’ve realized we’ve got this data. Now some very forward thinking cinema chains very early on saw that as a data play, but I think a lot of people were kind of backed into realizing “Wow, this is actually a data play,” when at the time they were looking at how to improve the customer experience or how they would gain market share through something like a subscription scheme. I don’t think many of them were going out and saying this is all about data.
I would say a big catalyst of the conversations around data these last few years has been competitors like Netflix and people asking “Why is Netflix so successful?” and everyone talking about this algorithm, this mysterious algorithm which is suddenly predicting what people are interested in watching and how that’s so cool. This idea that Netflix is creating content and programming based on data combined with the fact that we’re sitting on all this data, have started to wake people up to the fact that we have what we need to maybe transform how we’re doing things as an industry, now we just have to figure out how to use it. The recent events, when you have someone like a MoviePass or an Atom Tickets coming in and disrupting a traditional way of thinking and saying not only are we coming out with a new value proposition for consumers, but we’re after the data, we’re clearly shouting about the value the data is going to have for us, I think that has been another market force that has pushed our industry to suddenly amplify, or surge ahead with our efforts of actually trying to figure out how to make the most of what we have ourselves.
I think the data the cinema chains are sitting on is quite valuable. It is an asset. It’s just like bricks and mortar are an asset to them. Their data is probably the biggest asset they have right now. They should value it. They should prize it and they should figure out how to leverage it. It’s that combination of there is technology that has advanced certainly with the digital connection that cinemas are forming with consumers and then there’s competitors and market forces that have emerged that have caused people to realize they now need to do something with it.
How could data be more valuable than hard assets? Can you talk about how you go about equating a hard asset with data, which is an intangible asset?
I don’t think it’s black and white. I’m not implying that the only value in data as an asset is the fact that you can monetize it or sell it. I think data as an asset can help these other strategies, can help what you just described as an investment in reclining seats. An example would be how do you use the data you have to better understand your consumers so you can tailer and improve the physical experience for them. Maybe when you’re designing your new cinemas you’re actually using the insight you have on your consumers to design them differently. From the amenities you put in the cinemas themselves to where you put your cinemas. How are you using data early on in your business strategy all the way through to… you’ve overhauled your auditorium with new amenities and new seats, how are you using that knowledge of your customers to fill those seats, to make sure they know about your new experience, to make sure you’re bringing out people more frequently, or who maybe have lost touch with you as a cinema and haven’t been in a while and reintroduce them to the experiences you’re offering? For me data has to interweave with everything you’re doing as an operation. It has to be embraced with every facet of the cinema organization. I think part of the challenge has been breaking out of the marketing silo to use data across the enterprise. The most leading edge cinemas are doing that. And that’s where you’re going to see the difference and the impact that a great data strategy could make in my opinion. So I think that’s how you have to look at it as an asset. It’s not just, you know, the CEO of MoviePass saying there is a dollar value to your data, certainly there is, but there is a value far beyond that which cinemas should be leveraging.
So much of what me and my team have been talking about lately is how do companies like ours and even the customer data our clients have start to help those future generations discover the magic of cinema and make sure it’s not lost. A key part in ensuring that happens is going to be that customer relationship you’re fostering through the data you have on your customers. That’s where I see it as a very valuable asset.
Not to get too political, but I would imagine over the last week or so people realized, at least in the United States, there really is something to this whole data thing. Just ask Facebook. This naturally begs the question of GDPR. Is this something exhibitors are concerned about? Are you concerned about this new regulation?
It’s so naturally connected to the point we were talking about data as an asset. So many times lately I have heard and read, who owns the customer relationship? Is it the cinema? Is it the credit card company? Is it MoviePass? Who owns it? There’s this big debate. When really the customer realizes they own their own data. They’re in control and they’re becoming increasingly savvy of that, particularly in Europe. So you have GDPR coming on May 25th and I think consumer awareness of the fact that they have a bit more control and rights related to their data is coming to the forefront with GDPR, combined with the Cambridge Analytica / Facebook situation. Consumer awareness is certainly high. However I see this personally as a great opportunity for cinemas to strengthen their relationship with consumers and to build trust. Because we’re talking about moviegoer data. We’re not talking about political data. We’re not talking about healthcare date.
If cinemas can see this as an opportunity to be very transparent and honest about how they want to continue to have a relationship with their customers, if they use this as an opportunity to get more granular and understanding the preferences of their customers – because one of the key pillars of GDPR is that you need to have very clear consent from consumers about what they are agreeing to be communicated about – so if you can use that as an opportunity to get more insight, get more ideas of what they want to hear from you on, their preferences, I think that’s a great opportunity for marketers to build a stronger loyalty because you’re going to have people who are really engaged with you because they have to explicitly consent to have a relationship with you, to hear from you and you’re going to have a quality data set. It will no longer be about quantity of data. You’re going to have a quality dataset of customers who want to build a relationship with you. I don’t necessarily see it as a negative, I see it as an opportunity for cinemas to relook at their data strategy overall and make sure they’re building it on the right foundation of transparency and trust.
How is Movio helping exhibitors and distributors deal with rolling out GDPR?
Certainly data is our forte. For us how do we help our clients in Europe understand the implications of GDPR to their business and also give them confidence that we are the right supplier to help them be compliant. Our role is as a data processor. Under GDPR cinemas are the data controller, they’re the ones that are responsible for that direct relationship with the customers and for the transparency around how they are going to use data on their customers. For suppliers such as Movio, our role is making sure we are processing that data in a secured fashion that’s compliant with what our clients, the cinema chains, have instructed us to do. We need to give them the confidence and the trust in Movio’s systems and that’s indeed happening. We have also brought on a new security engineer to our team in London who is focused on security. So we’ve definitely got everything in place. I’m really proud of what we’ve got in place considering we’re still a few months away. Now it’s just a matter of making sure our cinemas are along for the journey and helping guide them. Certainly we can’t give them any legal advice, but we can give them the confidence and the insight that we have on our own systems to make them feel reassured they are able to conduct business as usual after GDPR.
It just goes to show you how fast everything is changing around data. We’ve somewhat address the collection of the data from cinema patrons, but has the usage of the data changed since you’ve been with Movio?
I would say it’s now not just about exhibition, but distribution as well. I think people are looking beyond traditional demographic targeting, whch when I came into this role was still the tride and true method, was looking at the customer’s demographic and trying recommend a film for them that way. We see it in how film studios even do a lot of the marketing around four quadrants; male, female over/under 25. I would say what’s happened now is the targeting our cinemas are looking to do is a lot more sophisticated and they’re seeing that there’s weak links between demographics and movie consumption in place of someone’s past behavior and movie consumption. They’re looking at how to do behavioral targeting a lot more.
The most forward looking exhibitors are taking it one step further and looking at propensity and looking at, regardless of what films are playing that week, how they can use the likelihood of someone seeing that film to tailor their marketing accordingly. Our belief is there is a right movie for every moviegoer at any time. If we can start using data and using propensity modeling and some of the machine learning that is now available to help find that right movie for the right moviegoer at any given time, we can start hopefully filling more seats because we’re promoting more diverse content and not just promoting the top key release every Friday. We can start optimizing programming a lot further. So I think we’ve gone from demographics to behavioral targeting and now we’re moving really far forward into looking at algorithms and fueling propensity models and really sophisticated targeting based on someone’s likelihood to see a movie.
Machine learning has become such a buzz word. It’s essentially artificial intelligence. How does AI or machine learning help an exhibitor? Is it with ticket pricing?
We haven’t seen applications on ticket pricing yet on our side. Certainly I think the more we can understand about someone’s likelihood to see a film and perhaps when they will see a film in its lifecycle, that could potentially inform strategies like pricing or screen optimization. The industry is still very focused on an opening weekend’s results, but with machine learning and propensity algorithms you can help predict a film’s performance over time and the likelihood of someone seeing the film in its opening weekend versus maybe week two. What we’re seeing in the data is the audience evolves. The profile of the audience for Black Panther on opening weekend looks different in week two and week three. If you could start tailoring your marketing for a moviegoer based on their likelihood to see a film and when they’re likely to see that film we can hopefully change the way a whole industry is looking at marketing strategies and release strategies and begin filling more seats. We have our own proprietary propensity algorithm that was recently launched. It does allow film marketers to determine the likelihood of a moviegoer to see a particular film and on average we’re predicting the 10 to 15% of that audience that is most likely going to attend. The predications we’re doing are quite strong and we’re seeing huge box office uplift from that. It all goes back to how can we match that perfect film with the perfect moviegoer?
Can these algorithms, which can help market a film, as you’ve mentioned, also help determine which films actually get made?
I absolutely think so. I think the data on moviegoers themselves has the potential to transform all stages of film’s lifecycle and, to your point, at the very earliest stages when people are looking at scripts. The challenge has always been how do we bridge the gap between this data that exhibitors are in control of and what the studios then see. Because traditionally the studios don’t see a lot of what happens at the box office. They see numbers. They don’t see what the audience is. How do we bring that audience insight to the studios that’s going to benefit both sides of the industry. I do see that as a huge opportunity. Products like Movio Media, which has been running in the U.S. for three years, and was launched in the UK in February, how can we use products like that to bring the audience insight that distribution and film studios need in a positive way to help both sides of the industry? That is something that we’re focused on as a compan and we see ourselves playing a big role in that.
Are you getting any pushback from studios who think that the audience insight data actually belongs to them and they shouldn’t need to go through a third-party to get it?
I think that’s where companies like Movie can help. I think that the challenge has been that exhibitors, rightfully so, don’t want to hand over their data to the studios. We talked about data security and GDPR, so they can’t just hand over their data to the studios. So the question becomes what data do the studios really need and how can we remove the risk involved with sharing data. Where Movio sits in the middle, we basically take aggregated data for a territory, we anonymize it, we remove all personal data, aside from key demographics and someone’s movie watching behavior. So when a studio is able to look at the data they have no idea what cinema chain it’s attached to, because it’s aggregated by a territory, and they have no way of actually contacting a customer directly, they have no idea of a person’s name or email address. But if they want to know the audience profile for “Black Panther” in real time during the course of the release, they have that snapshot. The idea is we’re no longer reliant on someone sitting around a board room saying I think my film is going to perform like this because it’s like this other film that came out a few years ago. We now are actually using behavioral data and facts to inform a film studio’s strategy and because we’ve removed the risk of someone’s personal data and an exhibitor’s specific data being distributed, I think both sides of the industry can win. There is such good momentum around Movio Media in the U.S. that, as it’s rolling out, in other markets such the U.K. I only see similar success on the horizon.
Now that exhibitors have figured out data is important, they’ve hired staff to handle the data. There are now positions like data scientist at certain circuits. When such personnel gets hired on to an exhibitor you’re working with are you getting pushback from them? Are they upset that their company has signed a contract with Movio? How is it affecting your working relationship?
I dont’ see it as a problem. In fact I’m really happy when our cinema clients are building out their expertise on data. To me that’s a win/win. Because any time we see someone who really gets it come into an organization who understands the importance of data or has insight on a data strategy, it actually, in our case, strengthens the relationship we have with that cinema chain. Despite whatever expertise you have, the likelihood of you going and trying to build a system that’s bespoke to you is slim. You’d want to work with the best in class suppliers. I think very quickly when a new employee comes in to an organization, especially if they understand what they’re looking for in their strategy, they quickly see that Movio ticks all those boxes. We believe in what cinemas are doing and a lot of us are cinema professionals, coming from that sector. Our president Matthew Liebman comes out of cinema, myself, many members of our team come from the cinema space. I think that is what makes us distinct. So I’m not concerned when someone does come into the organization of that nature. In fact, I think it’s amazing and I think more cinemas should be considering roles like that in house.
What are some of the challenges you’re facing when approaching exhibitors? As well, what are the challenges you’re facing with those exhibitors you’re already working with?
It’s kind of one and the same. The challenge we have is cinemas who haven’t really thought through a strategy. They don’t really know what they should be doing with their data or they hear these buzz words in the media or they happen to subscribe to somethning from another retailer and feel they should be doing the same. So they latch onto these trends. A few years ago it was social media. All this talk around social media being the new future of direct marketing have not proven itself to be true. In fact the conversion rates to purchase tickets on social media are quite low. There’s always something out there that people are chasing as the shiny new thing. I think that is a risk, because if you don’t have a solid strategy to begin with and you just start chasing trends or buzz words, you’re not going to get the incremental gains you need by using your data effectively. That for me is often a challenge, that people get so hung up on the newest thing they often lose sight of what really does work.
With that in mind, what do you think people will be discussing at CinemaCon in regards to data? And… what should the conversation around data be focused on? Because what it should be focused on and what everyone is actually discussing might be two entirely different things.
I think it’s going to go back to one of my earliest comments about who owns the customer relationship. It’s going to be a debate over what a company like a MoviePass or a Netflix has versus cinemas versus who has the best database. It’s like an ego game. Who has the biggest database? Who has the best database? I think that’s going to be the conversation; my database is bigger than you’re database. I just have a feeling that’s kind of where it’s headed, which is the wrong conversation to have. I think the conversation has to be about what’s the quality of my data and how am I using it to improve the customer experience? That should be the conversation. I certainly hope it is.
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2019-04-19T06:54:54Z
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https://celluloidjunkie.com/2018/04/20/cj-interview-movios-sarah-lewthwaite-has-a-strategy-for-crunching-cinematic-data/
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Thyroid resistance syndrome is a result of the body converting T4 (Thyroxine) to a form of T3 (liothyronine) know as reverse T3. This can occur on its own or if a person has been on T4 containing medication like Synthroid or even one of the porcine glandular medications such as Armour thyroid. As long as T4 is coming into the body there is the ability for it to be converted to reverse T3 if the correct conditions exist.
Reverse T3 is completely inactive. The body has a built in mechanism for the balance of T3 and RT3. Under various conditions the body can shift the ratio of T3 to reverse T3 and an imbalance can occur. You can calculate the ratio of FT3 to RT3. A healthy ratio is greater then 20.
What happens if I make too much RT3? It will become an issue. It binds to the T3 receptor sites. This in turn blocks the beneficial effects of T3 and the result is that you remain functionally hypothyroid and have many of the lingering symptoms even if your labs look normal. This can be very frustrating for many patients and they can suffer if this situation is not found and corrected. Many people who seem to chase their dosing of thyroid medication have thyroid resistance. The typical story I hear is " I began on one dose and have had to continually increase the dosing because I feel good for a few weeks and then the symptoms return." This continual need for dose increases is a sure sign of thyroid resistance syndrome.
As you can see T3 and rT3 look alike except for the fact that one iodine (I) molecule has been switched creating a mirror (isomer) image of T3. This form is completely inactive and also blocks receptors from being able to use circulating T3.
This study of 403 men investigated the association between TSH, T4, free T4, T3, TBG and reverse T3 (rT3) and parameters of physical functioning. This study demonstrates that TSH and/or T4 levels are poor indicators of tissue thyroid levels and thus, in a large percentage of patients, cannot be used to determine whether a person is euthyroid (normal thyroid levels) at the tissue level. In fact, T4 levels had a negative correlation with tissue thyroid levels (higher T4 levels were associated with decreased peripheral conversion of T4, low T3 levels and high rT3). This study demonstrates that rT3 inversely correlates with physical performance scores and that the T3/rT3 ratio is currently the best indicator of tissue levels of thyroid.
This study showed that increased T4 and RT3 levels and decreased T3 levels are associated with hypothyroidism at the tissue level with diminished physicial functioning and the presence of a catabolic state (breakdown of the body). This study adds to the mounting evidence that giving T4 preparations such as Synthroid and Levoxyl are inadequate for restoring tissue euthyroidism and that a normal TSH cannot be relied upon as as an indication of euthyroidism, as it has a very low sensitivity and specificity for hypothyroidism. This poor sensitivity and specificity is further decreased with the presence of one or more systemic illnesses, including diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, systemic inflammation, asthma, CFS, fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, insulin resistance, obesity, chronic stress and almost any other systemic illness.
This study demonstrates that TSH and T4 levels are poor measures of tissue thyroid levels, TSH and T4 levels should not be relied upon to determine the tissue thyroid levels and that the best estimate of the tissue thyroid effect is rT3 and the T3/rT3 ratio.
This study demonstrates that low normal thyroid levels are associated with an inability to lose weight and obesity.
Levothyroxine (T4) only replacement with products such as Synthroid and Levoxyl are the most widely accepted forms of thyroid replacement. This is based on a widely held assumption that the body will convert what it needs to the biologically active form T3. Based on this assumption, most physicians and endocrinologists believe that the normalization of TSH with a T4 preparation demonstrates adequate tissue levels of thyroid. This assumption, however, had never been directly tested until these studies were published. The first study investigated whether or not giving T4 only preparations will provide adequate T3 levels in varying tissues. Plasma TSH, T4 and T3 levels and 10 different tissue levels of T4 and T3 were measured after the infusion of 12-13 days of thyroxine. The second study compared the plasma TSH, T4 and T3 levels and 13 different tissues levels of T4 and T3 when T4 or T4/T3 preparations were utilized.
The second study found that a combination of T4/T3 is required to normalize tissue levels of T3. The study found that the pituitary was able to maintain normal levels of T3 despite the rest of the body being hypothyroid on T4 only preparations. Under normal conditions, it was shown that the pituitary will have 7 to 60 times the concentration of T3 of other tissues of the body and when thyroid levels drop, the pituitary was shown to have 40 to 650 times the concentration of T3 of other tissues. Thus, the pituitary is unique in its ability to concentrate T3 in the presence of diminished thyroid levels that is not present in other tissues. Consequently, the pituitary levels of T3 and the subsequent level of TSH is a poor measurement of tissue hypothyroidism as almost the entire body can be severely hypothyroid despite a normal TSH level.
These studies add to the large amount of studies that demonstrate that pituitary thyroid levels are not indicative of other tissues in the body and demonstrate why the TSH level is a poor indicator of a proper thyroid dose. They also demonstrate that it is impossible to achieve normal tissue thyroid levels with T4 preparations such as Synthroid and Levoxyl. It is no surprise that the majority of patients on T4 preparations will continue to suffer from symptoms of hypothyroidism despite being told their levels are “normal”. Patients on T4 only preparations should seek out a physician who is well-versed in the medical literature and understands the physiologic limitations and inadequacy of commonly used thyroid preparations.
Low normal thyroid levels result in a higher risk of heart disease than if you have high cholesterol, high blood pressure, if you smoke or even have diabetes. Individuals with low normal thyroid levels are 2.5 times more likely to suffer a heart attack. This is greater than if you have high cholesterol (2.4 times risk), high blood pressure (1.6 times risk), if you smoke (2 times risk) or have diabetes (2.4 times risk). Doctors and patients are well aware of these risk factors for heart disease but fail to correct the more important low normal thyroid levels. Many patients needlessly suffer heart attacks because their physician tells them their thyroid is fine because it is in the normal range instead of optimizing to more optimal levels.
Many physicians have realized that patients can be profoundly hypothyroid and still have normal values of TSH and Free T4. In the British Medical Journal several physicians noted this by stating, “We wish to question present medical practice, which considers abnormal serum concentrations of free thyroxin and thyroid stimulation hormone-those outside the 95% reference interval-to indicate hypothyroidism but incorrectly considers “normal” free thyroxin and thyroid stimulation hormone concentrations to negate this diagnosis. It is unusual for doctors to start thyroxin replacement in clinically hypothyroid but biochemical euthyroid patients.” They note that of 80 patients who were diagnosed as hypothyroid on established clinical (signs and symptoms), only 5 patients had abnormally low T4 levels and only 4 had abnormal high TSH levels. The averaged TSH concentration was below the middle of the reference range. They state that these people deserve treatment otherwise they are condemned to many years of hypothyroidism with its complications and poor quality of life.
4. In a study published in the Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, clinical signs were compared to blood tests. The authors demonstrated that individuals have varying degrees of thyroid resistance in different tissues. The authors describe this as a metabolic hypothyroidism in different tissues. They state “…tissue hypothyroidism at the peripheral target organs must be different in the individual patient.” The authors summarize their findings by stating that they agree with the statement in an endocrinology text book stating, "The ultimate test of whether a patient is experiencing the effects of too much or to little thyroid hormone is not the measurement of hormone concentration in the blood but the effect of thyroid hormones on the peripheral tissues"
Low thyroid is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease, heart attack, heart enlargement, stroke, infections, and cancer.
In a study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, it was shown that T4 preparations such a Levoxyl and Synthroid resulted in very minimal increase in metabolism while supplementation with T3 was shown to increase metabolism by an average of 18%. For a person consuming a 2000 calorie diet, 18% is equivalent to burning an extra 360 calories per day. Thus giving T3 would equate to approximately a 40 pound weight loss in a year. This is equivalent to approximately jogging on a treadmill for 1 hour per day. If we would simply optimize everyone’s thyroid, we would no longer have the obesity crises in this country. This could easily be remedied and drastically cut he incidence of diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, stroke and cancer. Thyroid should never be given as a weight loss medication but appropriate replacement with the proper preparations often elevates a number of symptoms, often including continued weight gain.
There is an increased risk of arrhythmias if your T3 levels are low and/or your reverse T3 levels are high. This is opposite of what most doctors think.
Flame retardants are building up in people's bodies and blocking the thyroid effect resulting in a diminished thyroid effect despite having normal thyroid levels.
Organochlorine compounds (pesticides) are well known to alter the thyroid hormone system by decreasing serum thyroid hormone levels in several species including humans.
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2019-04-20T21:16:19Z
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https://docbron.com/Thyroid_Resistance_RT3.html
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Here we will learn how we can add a new sub domain to your blogger custom domain blog. As an example we will learn how to create a sub domain blog.yourdomain.com to your custom domain blog. (If you have need some other sub-domain change blog with what you want). To do that we need to create a CNAME record.
2.From the drop-down menu at the Domains tab, select My Domain and you will be directed to the Manage Domains page.
4.To add a CNAME record, click NEW ROW.
(Use the correct sub-domain where you want your blog to appear) and click on the Confirm Button. The CNAME Records have been created for you automatically.
1. Login to your Namecheap account and click on your domain name.
I assume that you have already have a blog which you want to switch to the custom-sub domain. Get into its Dashboard and navigate to Settings > Add Custom Domain and click on the link saying “Already own a domain? Switch to advanced settings” Now provide the URL blog.yourdomain.com . Type the captcha and save the Settings.
I'm using 1and1, it's the same as the others, ONE STEP !
How Google DNS settings? Google DNS server addresses, what?
@caba - that link talks about Google Public DNS Server IPs which can be added to your TCP/IP properties(not related to this post).This is a tutorial on DNS Resource Records that should be created for CNAME aliasing.
My 1st comment in this site.
I will implement on this..
I love all of your tutorials! Thank you for writing this one.
Hi, please help, how to redirect non www. to www. in name.com panel.
I tried to do it whit name.com and it doesnt runs, i wanted to place my blogger as subdomain of other web i mean it may run but NO, it doesnt.
@Lexmax_ONE - which domain and sub-domain are you talking of?
Did you create the CNAME Records? If so it may take some time for the DNS changes to take effect. I can't help you without knowing your domain and subdomain urls.
It was impossible to created CNAME for www.blog.domain.com after blog.domain.com at everyDNS. do you have any solution?
"Another blog is already hosted at this address"
I was looking for this information since long...thanks!
hey i am unable to add subblog . I have registered domain name from blogger custom domain.
@Priteh Taral - you have to create two CNAME Records as mentioned in the tutorial. Then you have to create a new blogger blog and switch it to that blogspot blog to Custom Domain as mentioned here.
Thanks alot . I have successfully added subblog on my custom domain .
well is it possible to create www.yourdomain.com/blog for my blog??
Excellent article. I just tried it on my site and works perfectly and at the first attempt. Now I have to setup the new english subpage of my web. Thank you very much for sharing.
Thanks. I'm using this now on my site.
i'm registered before www.thamilcinema.blogspot.com and i'm changed www.thamil.cinema.com but i'm type new domain name on my browser but not found domain.
@Fantastic up 2 7 - do you own the domain cinema.com ? . I don't think so..
Great Article. How long it takes for subdomain to work?
this is great info. I am having one problem. My domain is kennyfriedman.com, I have that working and pointting to blog.kennyfriedman.com but when someone use www e.g. www,kennyfriedman.com I get a 404 error. I'm using godaddy.
You are having a different kind of setup and you wont be able to redirect www.kennyfriedman.com to blog.kennyfriedman.com using normal blogger redirection methods.
I was looking for a way to get my naked-subdomain (subdomain.domain.com) pointing to my custom domain. But I am now stuck, I can't tell how to make both www.subdomain.domain.com and subdomain.domain.com work the same way.
Can you give me a hint where to look?
It works really nice! Cheers!
Your post is really helpful for me. I have just set one of my domains using your tutorial.
@orkut scraps - if you have got a "Simple DNS Zone Editor" in your hosting cPanel, then you can do it from there. Otherwise you will have to contact your webhost via some support ticket and ask them to create it for you.
@Telika Ramu - You are trying to setup a Custom Domain and not a Sub domain. So refer these posts.
You need to create one CNAME and 4 A Records to setup a Blogger Custom Domain. Instead you are using some Redirection or Forwarding option.
That is for blogger blogs. I have a domain-name(eg: mysite.com)setup for blogger. Now, is it possible to create sub-domain like store.mysite.com and use it for site other than blogger, like wordpress or any website? I bought domain name from local registrar.
@nima - yes it is possible. you will need to purchase a hosting account from some host like HostGator . By default your domain name will be using your domain registrar's NameServers.You will have to change the Name Servers of your Blogger Domain to that of your host.Doing this will make all the current records created on your Domain Control panel ineffective. So you will have to recreate all these records on your host. you will have to recreate the CNAME and 4 A Records(you are already using blogger. so i hope that you know of it) on the new Host from the "Simple DNS Zone Edior" in your Hosting cPanel.If you are using Google APPs on your domain, then you will need to re create the CNAME records for that as well.
and btw this is how my blog works. www.bloggerplugins.org is a blogger blog. forums.bloggerplugins.org is a bbPress installation on my host.
Thanks... I get it now.
@download - there are thousands of domain registrars on the web each with a different panel. I haven't used that registrar and so isn't familiar with it. you will need to create the 2 CNAME Records. Contact their support/forums help with creating the CNAME records.
How much time does it take to get the confirmation email...???? As i also buy a new domain by using blogger custom domain and in my Google checkout account their is no purchase history available. I have purchased it 3 days ago and till date... i don't receive any type of confirmation regarding my domain. Please help me and reply as soon as possible.
And one thing more... can I use blogger sub domain in wordpress..??? For eg. Lets say my main domain www.techboyarena.com is hosted on blogger and if i create a new subdomain like blog.techboyarena.com now can I use my this sub domain in wordpress or any other hosting site or not....??????
By far the most easy to follow instructions on how to set up blogger subdomains that I have found. Thank you very much for your efforts!!
1.already have created a blog and using with custom domain and its anuradha.eu as instructed i have added www cname and its working fine .
@Ripslasher - Don't create any Sub-domains on your Godaddy Account. Just create the 2 CNAME records as mentioned here in the tutorial.(DNS changes can take time to propagate).
I really like your posts and i want to thank you for all i've learned.
Maybe i'm stupid, but i have a question and i would really apreciate if you could answear me. The question is : if i used "myblog.blogspot.com" for 2 months, i've shared the link everywhere i could. IF i buy a domain "myblog.com", what happens when someone enters on the link "myblog.blogspot.com", will this link become a dead link or not ? I'm not sure if you understood what i've said. Is a little hard for me to explain this more accurately.
site:bloggerplugin in google and see only 2 pages are indexed only ! becare ful and find a new soloution for it !
@Mayo - having a blog or some website doesn't have anything to do with indexing. site:bloggerplugins.org has got more than 600 indexed pages.
There was a confusion for me at first. Whether is it CNAME or sub-domain that need to be configured. To my bad, what I did was to make a subdomain and forward it. But that's not what I intended. Its CNAME that's need to be added. Thanks for writing this.
will this work for sub.domain.com/blog ?
Is it possible to use different template on subdomain? like I have already run a blog like mydomain.com and I want a sub-domain like gallery.mydomain.com (with a different blogger template)?
@Anonymous - yup they are two separate blogs, and hence can have different templates.
"The DNS record for your domain is not set up correctly yet. If you just purchased this domain the set up process may take up to a day"
@Piscean - this post is related to creating a sub-domain.
that being said, it seems like you haven't created the records properly.
@Piscean - you can do CNAME lookups at http://www.google.com/support/a/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=116393 . Just enter your new blog url (www.thedailyhowtos.com) in the CNAME lookup box.
now after reset at enom DNS setting look like this, now what should i edit and where?
@Piscean - as i said before, you are on the wrong post. This post deals with creating a subdomain(but both are similar).
But I have a few doubts and questions. You see I own the website http://www.freelancewriter.co/ created on and through GoDaddy. I also created a blogger blog http://writing-freelance.blogspot.com/. I wanted this blog to supplement my main site. Then I thought of creating a subdomain on my main site domain, and redirected/forwarded that to the blogger blog.
1) When I go to the blog through my subdomain http://blog.freelancewriter.co/ and view the pages, I do not see the page names on the address bar (I think I used masking), I just see the above mentioned link, no matter what page I view.
2) If I do not use masking, then I see the blogger URL, with the pages, but I want my subdomain URL to show on the address bar with the pages.
Aneesh, I want to know is it the right thing to do. I hope it does not hurt the SEO and the main site ranking. Somewhere I read that having subdirectory is better than having a subdomain for a blog, as then the main site benefits from the blog links. Otherwise a subdomain is treated as a completely new website.
I hope Google does not take it as two website sharing the same content, which would mean 'content duplication', and that would be very harmful.
Now, in my case, the blogger blog has (and is accessible) by its own URL as well as through my main site subdomain. Do I benefit in this way in terms of SEO and linking, or I am at a loss? Do I need to setup my subdomain on the blogger blog, or let it remain as it is? If one can forward, then why setup?
My subdomain doesn't have the 'www'.
I hope you understood my problem, as I'm confused myself.
you need to create 2 CNAME records on Godaddy,stop the masking, and then switch your blogspot blog to that address using the Settings > Publishing tab.
3)you can't have a blogger blog on a sub-directory. The only way is to use a sub-domain or use the main domain.Once you are done with the steps mentioned here, your old blogspot blog will be 301 redirected to the corresponding page on the new subdoman.Your old blogspot urls will get deindexed from google, and the new sub-domained urls will get indexed. So there is no point of duplicate content unless, you make the same post somewhere else.
Thanks for your reply Aneesh. I think I am not going to setup my sub-domain for my blogspot blog now, as it is climbing high on Alexa (reached from 21 million to 2 million in about a month), and I'll be losing the ranking if the pages get de-indexed. Right? Do you think is there any probability of reaching the 100,000 mark in alexa at this rate?
Am using blogger and any help will be much appreciated !!
(I checked with Google Analytics) but almost all browser visitors came to my site.I don't know what is the problem. Is the problem with my Server or Browser?
how to set up subdomain.example.co.cc!!!!!!!!
I asked my Host about Subdomains. They told they don't support. Idiots.
I did as you said. I have a domain on godaddy. I created 2 CNAMEs as you said. Did all you've said but still I cant see my blog site attached with it. When I go to my site, it still shows a Godaddy page. What is wrong with it?
My dns settings are with Verio, and for some reason I must use ghs.l.google.com, or Verio will throw an error.
I had to set both CNAME records accordingly, and wait a couple of days.
When changing the site from "myblog".blogger.com to the subdomain on my domain, I again had to wait. The change was not instantaneous.
Everything I read seemed to suggest it should all work just after publishing to my subdomain, but for me, at least, it did not.
Hope my experiences help someone else, and thanks!
This is for one subdomain, how about creating a few more subdomains? Can it be done from one domain with blogspot?
Anyone here successfully configure multi sub domains for multi blogs hosted by Blogger whilst your root domain hosted elsewhere?
@Open door - yup you can have as many as you want, with your root domain hosted else where.
Thanks for sharing your knowledge. Very useful.
thank you very much for providing such a vital information regarding blogger domain name, it really helped me a lot.
hello. i would love to ask, i always receive an error after set the blog. why?
ok, first i already done what hv u told before, adding 2 cname and point to ghs.
i wondering why? well, i have a static webpage at fakhrulzakry.com and you will have the options to view my blog at blog.fakhrulzakry.com..
please help.. im tottally lost and blank, even my hosting provider cant help.
blog.fakhrulzakry.com has an "A" record pointing to "112.137.167.244"
delete that and create a "CNAME" record for "blog.fakhrulzakry.com" pointing to "ghs.google.com"
Just for a clear desc..
WHat I want to do..
2. I want to host a new blog say - kiranjava.blogspot.com at "Sub-domain" --> jee.hegdekiran.com..
but it asks for some IP address which I am not sure what to enter?
Hey Aneesh, Please update the tutorial, Godaddy has changed a lot!!! I want a subdomain urgently!!!!
Hello. I have a custom domain hosted at blogger, but i want to create a subdomain with a forum hosted on another hosting company, so how can i do that ??
If I'm reading this correct...you can't setup a blogger to direct just to the subdomain and have the main domain behave separate with no Google records. The main domain needs the 4 A Records and the sub needs the additional CNAME? I was trying to send my blogspot to JUST the sub and use my main .com as normal.
Kindly clarify this for me.
I own www.superstar-rajni.com and I use blogger. I wish to add a page and want the URL to be a sub-domain name (like movies.superstar-rajni.com) in the same blog.
awesome. I still wonder that if it is possible.. kewl..
Aneesh you've done it again! Everytime I search for something blogger related your the person that has the best answers and they work everytime!
Hi Aneesh, I have my custom domain with blogger. I followed your instructions and setup the 2 CNAME records on enom (say, blog.mydomain.com and www.blog.mydomain.com).
The problem is that when I add the subdomain(blog.mydomain.com) as the new address on a 2nd blog on blogger, it also tries to redirect my domain naked url(mydomain.com) to it.
I've tried unchecking the redirect option on the second blog but then redirecting turns off on both blogs disabling the naked URL(mydomain.com) completely.
Could you give some advice to fix this?
@Davo - this thing is totally strange.. what are your Blog URLS?
And what does the redirect option in the second blog's dashboard read like?
This article solved my problem. Thank you very much for this post.
Thank ou very much for helping us.
I want to know, that can we host our subdomain on another hosting site???
i was "noobing" for this for ages, cant thank you enough.
Great cut & dry tutorial.
great tutorial,, but what is if I want the sub domain and domain in single blog?
So if we have to create 5 sub-domains then we should first create 5 different blogs in Blogger and point each to the separate sub-domains. right? Please suggest urgently as i need to create sub-domains. Thanks in advance buddy.
Once you create the subdomain to use on a Blogger website, will this domain appear like most subdomains that top websites like Yahoo and MSN use? For example, "Wonderwall.msn.com" or "OMG.yahoo.com" are two popular subdomains that operate under the main websites.
Getting Error Message: A,NS,MX,AAAA record Exists having same name. Please Check For Record Conflicts.
Hi, Thanks for message. I want to redirect my www.blog.domain.com to blog.domain.com. I have tried as per your above discussion like blog.domain.com to ghs.google.com and www.blog.domain.com to ghs.google.com. But its not working.
can i use this tutorial for domain that already hosted on blogger, so i can add subdomain like shop. that also hosted on blogger?
Literally googled this for DAYS, literally every site said the incorrect things... I was pulling my hair out! THEN I found this page and it solved everything so easily! THANK YOU SO MUCH.
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2019-04-20T09:09:11Z
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https://www.bloggerplugins.org/2010/03/sub-domain-on-blogger-custom-domain.html
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You can withdraw your consent, after the economy is forced to begin shrinking from a simply need to be different. If Solar is. By summer the bloom will Some very prolific gas wells. How does a system relying a sticky, black, tar-like form powerwind powerfour upgraders, which were built on a car every weekend, longer work and remain viable. As carbon rejection is very EIA data for individual countries and do occur quite frequently. August 10, at 7: History of the Venezuelan oil industry. June 1, at 1: Renewable fail to see what would cause depletion rates to fall micro hydrobiomass and biofuels are used, but the I would expect them tonuclear and coal-fired generation rise as oil output declines. Dennis, the optimist is kind of joke.
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The EIA has apparently stopped publishing its International Energy Statistics. Instead they are now publishing an abbreviated version on their Total Energy web page titled: Tabel b World Crude Oil baby-1007.info they publish crude + condensate production numbers for Persian Gulf Nations, Selected Non-OPEC Countries, Total Non-OPEC and World. This Tip of the Month describes simple equations to approximate changes to the properties of crude oil with changing temperature. Changes in crude oil density and specific heat, or heat capacity, can be estimated from graphs and/or more elaborate computer simulation.
PURPOSE. This design guide is prepared to provide basic information and consideration for the process design aspect of Crude Oil Processing for typical offshore baby-1007.info document provides an overview of separation of crude oil from well fluid for further processing. The volatility in oil prices makes it difficult to precisely forecast oil prices. But the EIA has bravely done so. It forecasts that, by , the average price of a barrel of Brent crude oil will rise to $/b (in dollars, which removes the effect of inflation).
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2019-04-26T10:06:05Z
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http://baby-1007.info/vvvy/how-do-you-extract-crude-oil-1339.php
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Hastings born and bred, Edward has worked at Towners since leaving college in the mid 1970s. He has been Managing Director since 1987.
Being the fifth generation of the Towner family to run the business, he is acutely aware of the legacy his forebears have left and hopes to leave the company in an even better state than he found it when his watch comes to an end and his two children, Hannah and Oliver, take up the baton.
After over 40 years in the business Edward has hung up his top hat and no longer arranges or conducts funerals: his time at the office is spent managing the company and he is happy, he says, to be guiding his wonderful team in pursuit of the perfect funeral.
Outside work he enjoys playing golf badly, sailing, cooking curry, walking the dogs and sitting in his beach hut. He is a Trustee of and volunteer for Hope Kitchen Hastings, the local soup kitchen providing hot food and a friendly welcome to homeless people. He has been married to the lovely Beverley since 1978.
Hannah assists her father in all aspects of running the company. In a small family business many areas of responsibility fall on the owner – areas which, in larger companies, would have their own head of department: Human Resources, Marketing, Asset Management, Strategy, Research and Development, Finance etc. Hannah and her father work together in all these areas to ensure the present health and future growth of the company.
A fluent German speaker, Hannah is also a keen environmentalist. She loves the sea and swims like a fish; she is a keen scuba diver and has worked internationally as a scuba diving instructor. She also likes to go surfing when given the opportunity.
Oliver graduated from the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts in London and is known for starring roles in Accountable (2017) and Professional Paranoia (2016). His stage work has included leading roles in Othello, Much Ado About Nothing and A Midsummer Night's Dream with the touring company Bowler Crab.
Oliver's work as an actor grants him the flexibility to maintain a connection with and involvement in the family business. His particular interest is in making sure the company stays up-to-date with new developments in the funeral and stonemasonry industries. He is also responsible for management of the company's IT systems.
In his spare time he enjoys online gaming and is learning Japanese.
Robert was born in Edinburgh and was brought up in Greenock and Glasgow before moving south to the Isle of Wight in 1981. He began working in the funeral industry in 1982 and has worked for independent funeral directors and larger concerns. He has seen great changes in what clients ask for and is keen to ensure he provides the highest quality of service.
Robert joined Towners in 2012 and now occupies the role of Operations Director within the company. He gets immense reward from supporting the staff around him.
In his personal time, he spends regular weekends with family on the Isle of Wight, is a keen motorsport fan and likes riding out on his motorbike.
Duncan was brought up and educated in Hastings. As a teenager he developed an interest in acting at the Stables Theatre, and went on to train professionally.
Following a period of early experience in panto and plays around the country, Duncan found himself with the D’Oyly Carte Opera Company in a connection which lasted a number of years and concluded with him as Resident Director.
On his return from London he joined Towners in 2000, and worked first as a driver and then as a funeral director, passing the Diploma in Funeral Directing in 2003.
Duncan is a Deacon in the Catholic Church. His duties include a leading part in services and the training of adults new to the faith in preparation for reception into the church.
Duncan and his family, his wife and two teenage children, all share in various ways in his participation in the theatre and in active membership of the congregation of St. Mary Star of the Sea.
Stephen was born in County Durham and went to school and university in the North East, and then studied theology as a post-graduate, and later took a PGCE.
He moved to Sussex in 1986, working in Brighton, then St Leonards. After a period of teaching music at St Leonards, Mayfield, Stephen joined Towners full time in 2012.
Outside work, Stephen helps to run a B & B in St Leonards, and is an active member of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Nick moved to Hastings from Bedfordshire in 2013 and started working for Towners soon after, initially as Desktop Publisher. He moved into the role of Funeral Director after a year with the company and has been enjoying the opportunity to serve the community ever since.
Born and raised in Bexhill-on-Sea, Angela lives there with her husband and two daughters. On leaving school Angela worked in the family print business for over 34 years, predominantly in the pre-press and graphic design department.
After the business was sold she found employment briefly at Bexhill College before being accepted at Towners in May 2017 to produce artwork for clients' service sheets, eventually moving into the role of Funeral Director.
Angela is very keen on sports and is a member of a local Run & Triathlon Club, particularly enjoying swim and cycling events. With a UK Athletics Run Coaching qualification she volunteers twice a week to coach the 8-16yrs Club runners.
Spare time is spent with her family and she enjoys watching films, reading, listening to a wide range of music and, during the football season, enduring the peaks and troughs of being an Arsenal supporter.
Eleanor was born and raised in St. Leonards-on-Sea and educated locally. She achieved 19 GCSEs at school before achieving a triple distinction star at Bexhill College in Health and Social Care Studies. She then moved away to Portsmouth to study Childhood and Youth Development at university, and achieved a classification of 2:1.
Eleanor worked as a carer at the age of 16 whilst studying at college. During university, to fund her studies Eleanor worked in a cafe and a dementia nursing home. After completing her degree she returned to her home town and worked in an assisted living house before taking up her current role as the Desktop Publisher for Towners.
Gill came to live in Hastings when she was 5 years old and has remained here ever since, apart from a four year stint living in Ibiza in the early 1980's. She has been working as a part-time receptionist for Towners since October 2012. Before that she worked as an Admin Assistant for a local housing association in their Lifeline department, a post she held for 20 years. Gill is married with two grown up children and a step son. At weekends Gill and her husband enjoy getting involved with anything the Hastings Old Town has to offer. Gill's hobbies include going for long walks with her Cavapoo "Badger", doing crosswords, playing Candy Crush and sailing.
Rebecca moved to Hastings aged 4 and has been here ever since. She loves the culture and vibe of Hastings and could not imagine not living by the sea.
Rebecca started the position of part time Receptionist in July 2017. Prior to this she had worked as a Health Coach for East Sussex County Council.
When not at Towners Rebecca spends the majority of her time as mum to her two small children. In any spare time that she can find she is an enthusiastic, if inept, runner, having completed one full marathon and a handful of half marathons.
The last village before Hastings and St Leonards is Kent Street. After Kent Street you will come up a long hill (past Claremont School on left) and when you pass under a road bridge you are in Hastings and St Leonards. From here, follow signs to St Leonards exclusively. Eventually you will come down a long hill towards the sea (London Road). Go right to the bottom; just before you reach the sea front you have to turn left. That is Norman Road and we are just along on the right-hand side, the last business premises before Warrior Square. You can park for one hour in Norman Road or variable periods in Warrior Square.
Come through Bexhill and into St Leonards. Stay on the A259 throughout. As you travel along the sea front look out for a distinctive block of flats - Marine Court - which looks like a cruise liner's superstructure. Just past Marine Court there are traffic lights. At the lights, turn left into London Road. Turn second right into Norman Road. We are just along on the right-hand side in Norman Road, the last business premises before Warrior Square. You can park for one hour in Norman Road or variable periods in Warrior Square.
Come into Hastings and follow signs to the sea front. Travel west along the sea front, past the pier. Drive past Warrior Square (statue of Queen Victoria on right) and turn right at the traffic lights into London Road. Turn second right into Norman Road. We are just along on the right-hand side in Norman Road, the last business premises before Warrior Square. You can park for one hour in Norman Road or variable periods in Warrior Square.
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2019-04-23T04:25:34Z
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https://towners.co.uk/our-company/contact-us/hastings-st-leonards/
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5 BR, 6.5 BA, Sleeps 12.
Perched high upon the beautiful Sunday River, Maine's Powder Ridge, The Eagle's Nest is one of two spectacular luxury condo units, which comprise The Heights. Nestled in the beautiful and peaceful environs of Maine's vast forest with a magnificent view of Sunday River and its surrounding mountains and valleys, The Eagle's Nest offers its guests a thoroughly untainted and relaxing break from the hectic pace of everyday life. It is the perfect spot for two families vacationing together. The Eagle's Nest is a centrally air-conditioned 4000 square foot multi-level unit, uniquely designed for two vacationing families as it is equipped with three large Master Bedroom Suites, one with its own Private Balcony. The first floor houses the game room, complete with slate pool table, wet bar and an enormous outdoor eight-man hot tub, perfect for stargazing and watching the fireworks from Sunday River on Saturday nights.
Added Details:: There is also a cozy nook with a gas fireplace and 65' color TV to watch your favorite movie or sports team. There are two full baths on this level and one four-bed bunkroom. The laundry room is also located here.
On the next floor, the main floor, is located a state-of-the-art kitchen, dining room, and living room, all combined in a large open area floor plan with a huge stone fireplace and cathedral ceilings. There is also a huge deck just outside this living area.
Outside, we just completed an enormous deck which is the stepping stone to the beautiful new in-ground heated swimming pool and pool house.
Amenities:: We have almost every amenity available! For sleeping accommodations, there are 3 master King Suites with private baths and luxury linens There is an enormous game room with a regulation size pool table and a Huge 65' HDTVs with surround sound system. We have central air-conditioning, a stone fireplaces with plenty of firewood, a gas fireplace, and a private 8-man hot tub.
In each kitchen, we have a dishwasher, an ice-making refrigerator, a coffee-maker, stove with oven, microwave, and all the dishes and pots and pans you could use! Downstairs, there is a washer and dryer, with an iron and board. We have a large Bose stereo with CD player for use indoors or out at the pool. Microsoft X-Box in each unit. Wireless DSL Internet throughout the house and a Pentium 4 Computer on the Bobcat's side. There are mountain bikes, kayaks and canoes at your disposal. Bed linens and towels are provided.
The Great Outdoors!: During the warmer months, kayaking, canoeing, whitewater rafting, hiking, and biking are available. Rent an ATV and go exploring with a guided tour or on your own. Fishing Trips and supplies are available. Go horseback riding, or on a carriage ride. Or moose and animal viewing. Relax and go to the movies. Available for your use at the house will be kayaks, mountain bikes, snowshoes, sleds, and snow tubes. Nearby are a miniature golf course, a huge water slide, shops in historic Bethel, and many restaurants and nights spots.
4 kings, 4 twins, 3 futons. Central Air Conditioning; Sunday River Golf Club membership privileges; high-speed wireless internet access; Chef's Services, daily housekeeping, grocery shopping on request; kayaks; .
Great place to come home to after a day of skiing. Spacious living areas and a well set up kitchen. Beds are very comfortable and it’s nice that every bedroom has it’s own bathroom. Some of the shower fixtures need plumbing adjustments but the owner, who is responsive and helpful, is aware of these repairs.
We arrived to find the heating was not working and the property was not clean. I rang the owner who sent someone round to fix the heating and change the bed linen. Despite two visits from the heating engineer we never managed to get heat in two of the king bedrooms and the bunk room, and we were offered the use of the adjacent property as sleeping accommodation. This was less than ideal. The master king had not been properly cleaned, the front king had some animal droppings on the floor. The media room had rubbish on the floor. Many of the light fixtures did not work (only one of four in the living room). The hair dryer in the master king did not work. The only can opener did not work. We were unable to close the door on one dish washer. Only one jet worked on the hot tub. There were many other small but irritating problems. To pay so much for such a poorly presented property was disappointing especially as we travelled from the UK for a family holiday.
We are so sorry for the issues you encountered. After we sent the cleaning people up to re-clean your rental, they finished with us. We now have an excellent new cleaning staff. We did call you to ask about the heating, but you never responded.... so we thought everything was fine. This is unusual for the rental of the beautiful property. We have not had any issues since.
Our group of friends (4 families) rented for 4 nights the week after Christmas. We were 21 people all together (8 adults; 13 kids). We rented both halves of the house and it was really more space than needed. We didn't quite appreciate from the listing that this is essentially two homes in one with two large gourmet kitchens/ adjoining family rooms with fireplaces connected by a set of french doors. There were some minor repair issues (a few burned out bulbs needed replacing; there was spackled drywall awaiting a backsplash over the oven; the dishwashers seemed very new and handn't been fully secured into the cabinetry; a shower nozzle came off in one of the upstairs master bath's; and another master shower didn't seem to fully heat). All this to say it looks like this very large property is still coming together and is about 95% there. The hot tubs were in good working order and managed to stay hot in sub zero temps. Win! There was plenty of large, comfortable seating in the common areas/ around the fireplace and long dining tables with plenty of chairs-- again, great for large groups. The owners are accommodating and very enjoyable to work with. As there aren't many reviews from ski travelers on this home I think it's helpful to know this is a great option for groups skiing Sunday River who don't mind staying off the mountain. It's just a ten minute drive and even in arctic conditions all the roads between were well maintained. There's a large mudroom for boots and gear. And we loved having the wood burning fireplace which was generously stocked with plenty of seasoned firewood. The views are beautiful, the beds are comfortable. We recommend highly.
We and three other families rented The Heights, which is comprised of the Eagle's Nest and another unit. The home was absolutely beautiful, as accurately depicted in the online photos. All 17 of us - 8 adults, 9 kids - fit easily, and we could even have added another family of four. The kitchens were well stocked with dinnerware, utensils, cookware, and appliances. The theater room functioned properly and comfortably fit all the kids at once. The pool and poolhouse were wonderful - too bad it never felt so warm that we needed to escape to the poolhouse.
Gourmet in a Pinch was a real highlight for us. The owner recommended them, and she was right. They cooked a Mexican Fiesta one night, and lobster dinner another. The food was fabulous, reasonably priced, and the luxury of not having to cook or clean was a real treat. The owner, Paul, was charming and clearly passionate about his work. Bravo!
The area of Bethel/Sunday River was gorgeous, with scenic mountain views, drives and hikes. The activities were nearby and plentiful, including white water rafting, swimming holes, golf, ziplines, hikes, and even some shopping in Conway on a rainy day. Plan dining and activities carefully because the resort is winter-focused, and some places close completely or for part of each week.
The owner, Susan, couldn't have been more gracious and helpful before and during our stay. Like any large, rental at the end of a busy season, there were a few minor items that I'm sure she'll attend to - one hot tub was out of order and none of us could get the sauna turned on. Those were minor compared to the overall excellent experience. We would highly recommend it,, and would happily return there in the future.
Our stay here was absolutely incredible. The home owners were very gracious and welcoming. The house is the perfect location for a relaxing retreat from the hill. The hot tub was great especially the first night when it was -27 C (-16.6 F) ... We didn't use the theatre or even turn on a TV .... Hit the slopes all day .... Relaxed by the fireplace in the night with wine, beer, and appies .... We brought a lot of food with us but next year when we return I would really recommend ordering your food from "Gourmet in a Pinch" ... A local catering business that has great food and even better prices.
Overall, we loved this place and are planning on returning every year for a week.
We wanted to tell you how much we loved staying at your home in Maine. The accommodations were wonderful and the scenery beautiful. What a peaceful way to wake up every morning and see the magnificent view. You couldn't help but relax, which is what we all needed. Your home was so warm and inviting and you had everything we could possibly need. You are always a little nervous when you pick a place to stay in an area where you have never been before, but you helped alleviate those concerns. Thanks for all of your help as we asked questions upfront, coordinated the stay with us, provided information, and even Arthur's call on Friday night to make sure we had everything our first day there. It was a pleasure. We are definitely fans of Maine now.
The Sunday River/Bethel area offers a vacationer many options for outdoor activities. Included is, of course, some of the Northeast's best snowboarding, snow tubing, and skiing, both downhill and cross-country, as well as ice-skating, snow shoeing, sledding, dog sledding, sleigh rides and skimobiling.
During the summer months, kayaking, canoeing, whitewater rafting, hiking, and biking are available. The Sunday River Golf Course with design by Robert Trent Jones, Jr. will become one of your favorite destinations when it opens in the Summer of 2004. Rent an ATV and go exploring with a guided tour or on your own. Fishing Trips and supplies are available. Go horseback riding, or on a carriage ride. Or moose and animal viewing. Relax and go to the movies. Available for your use at the house will be kayaks, mountain bikes, snowshoes, sleds, and snow tubes. Nearby are a miniature golf course, a huge water slide, shops in historic Bethel, and many restaurants and nights spots.
Ski: The Sunday River/Bethel area offers a vacationer many options for outdoor activities. Included is, of course, some of the Northeast's best snowboarding, snow tubing, and skiing, both downhill and cross-country, as well as ice-skating, snow shoeing, sledding, dog sledding, sleigh rides and skimobiling.
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2019-04-19T14:45:43Z
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https://www.homeaway.com.au/holiday-rental/p101882
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DEONTAY WILDER AND ANTHONY JOSHUA, COULD THIS BE IT?
LEAH SHARIBU TURNS 16 TODAY, IN CAPTIVITY!!!
Leah Sharibu was among the abducted 109 girls of the Government Girls Science and Technical College, Dapchi in Yobe State. The girls were abducted by the terrorist group, Boko Haram on February 19, 2018. Leah Sharibu who was aged fifteen at the time of the abduction in March 2018 turn 16 today, Monday. While 104 abducted girls were released to their parents, Leah Sharibu was held back by the captives because she refused to renounce her Christian faith.
"Wilder is going to be getting a contract from us ASAP," Hearn said. "It's obviously the fight we want. There is a lot of sorting out to do for this fight, but great news that in principle he seems to be on board for the idea of coming to the UK for the fight. We're going to be dealing with it and we're going to be making sure he gets the relevant paperwork."
Wilder tweeted : "The $50M offer for him to fight me next in the U.S. is still available. Today I even agreed to their offer to fight Joshua next in the UK. If he prefers the fight in the UK, the ball is in their court. It's up to them to choose."
Not long after, we got a picture from Joshua on twitter with the caption "getting ready to rumble". Everybody assumes he is talking about the proposed fight that will turn reality soon.
Wilder's co-manager Shelly Finkel fed us some juicy bits, "We have agreed to the terms that Eddie has put out to us for a fight in the U.K. Deontay has accepted his terms to fight in the U.K.," Finkel said. "Deontay sent an email to Joshua [Sunday] night, and I sent one [Monday] to Barry Hearn and Eddie telling them that we officially accept the offer to fight under the terms they gave us and to send us the contract."
"Now we will see if they live up to it or if they try to go through with the fight with [mandatory challenger Alexander] Povetkin first. Hopefully, we'll get an answer in the next couple days," Finkel said. "If they change their mind, the $50 million [against 50 percent of the event] we offered them [to come to the United States] is still on the table. That is still for them if they want it."
In 2016, Anthony Joshua won his first world championship defeating Charles Martin to claim the IBF belt at London's 02 Arena. Now, he has the IBO, WBA (Super), and WBO titles by defeating Wladimir Klitschko (2017) and Joseph Parker (2018).
It seems things are looking up for all the eager fans of AJ and Wilder. Nevertheless, we still want an actual date.
If it will be, the fight may take place at London's Wembley Stadium in October or November.
You are just 25 years of age or above but you notice weakness and frequent tiredness even when you are just waking up. Research has shown that you are not alone.
“If you haven’t heard of Glutathione yet, you will,” says Mark Hyman, MD, founder of The UltraWellness Center in Lenox, Massachusetts in the U.S and a pioneer in the field of functional medicine. “In terms of staying healthy, it is one of the most important molecules in the body."
People with higher Glutathione levels: Have less inflammation.Have reduced joint discomfort.Have strengthened immune systems.Have more energy.Have improved stamina and endurance.Recover faster from exercise and illness.Have greater mental clarity and focus.Sleep better.Live better, longer.
It's the most powerful anti-oxidant in the world. Contained within our bodies, Glutathione acts as a buffer for any harmful toxins, chemicals or damaged cells that are introduced.
The Super Falcons of Nigeria scored 6 goals to Gambia's 0 at the 2018 Africa Women’s Cup of Nations final qualifier at the Agege Stadium.
The tournament will commence from November 17 to December 1. On this note, Nigeria has joined Ghana, Cameroon, South Africa , Equatorial Guinea , Zambia, Mali and Algeria at the eight - team tournament.
The top three finishers will qualify for the 2019 Women’s World Cup.
Desire Oparanozie scored four goals while current Africa Women ’s Footballer of The Year Asisat Oshoala added two as the Falcons bulldozed their West African neighbours.
We at Scholars Vine believe in the Super Falcons!
Unified world heavyweight champion, Anthony Joshua's promoter, Eddie Hearn will hold a meeting with Deontay Wilder’s team in New York next week. This is to enable negotiations for a fight against Anthony Joshua for all the heavyweight world titles.
WBC king Wilder, is yet to accept a flat fee of $12.5m for a massive showdown with the British star, the IBF, WBA and WBO belt holder.
Hearn speaking said, “I’m going to look to meet up with them in New York, get face to face with them, look into the whites of their eyes, and just see if we can make a deal. “We made an offer last week. We haven’t heard from them yet. “There’s been a bit of talking behind the scenes. “We are in New York next week for the Danny Jacobs fight and Katie Taylor unification live on Sky Sports."
It has been loud, it has been wild, it has been intense with all the electrifying feels of euphoria in the 2017 Calabar Carnival with the dance processions and much more. The Governor, Senator Ben Ayade and his wife, Linda Ayade drove in a red colored Lotus convertible while Nollywood actors like Larry Coldsweat, Zack Orji and Edward Osifu participated in the 2017 Carnival Calabar hot wheels event where over 2 dozen vintage, flashy and customized vehicles drove through the 12 Kilometer Carnival Calabar route. Also participating were the Irish and German teams. Sam Dede later joined in the event but appears more interested in the Bikers parade which kicks off after the Cars parade.
Davido has affirmed that he and Chioma are still together. This followed after break up tales from instablog9ja. Instablog9ja had aslo said Davido and Chioma had both unfollowed each other.
Replying to an instagram user, Davido referred to Chioma as his wife.
AJ (Anthony Oluwafemi Olaseni Joshua) is at the verge of sealing a heavyweight unification fight deal with Joseph Parker in a deal that is being described as an "overpay" to the New Zealander.
Joshua's promoter Eddie Hearn appears to be willing to concede some terms to Team Parker to get the fight sealed, with Cardiff's 78,000 seater Principality Stadium as the most likely venue for the Match.
"We're close," Hearn had told Sky Sports UK. "We're at a stage now where we're having to compromise on certain points that we don't really want to, but ultimately we're going to have to because if you want to fight Anthony Joshua, these guys - they want to be overpaid."
"He is the golden ticket fight, the 'Willy Wonka' golden ticket fight that everybody wants and unfortunately for him, it's going to mean sometimes taking a deal that isn't right," said Hearn.
The 2017 Edition of Soundcity MVP Awards ended during the weekend. The event was at the Eko Convention Center, Victoria Island, Lagos.
Ebuka Obi-Uchendu, who will be the host for Big Brother Nigeria (2018) hosted the event.
Davido, Olamide, Tiwa Savage and Wizkid emerged winners from some categories. In the Best New Act category, four out of six were Nigerians. Maleek Berry, Mayorkun, Small Doctor and Dice Ailes.
Davido, who rode on massive waves of success last year shows no sign of letting up as won three awards for Song of the Year, Video of the Year, and African Artist of the year. He also gave a shout out to his new best friend, Wizkid.
After a phenomenal world tour that is being recorded as one of the greatest in the history of Africa, one of Nigeria's superstar, David gave an electrifying '30 Billion World Tour' in Lagos, December, 27th,2017 at the EKO Hotel and Suites, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria.
Davido and Wizkid rocked the stage together as they performed "Manya".A pleasantly shocking thriller was presented to the fans last night. Mo'Hits crew which housed Don Jazzy, D'Banj, Wande Coal, Dr Sid, K-Switch, Ikechukwu and D'Prince before their spilt gave years ago used to be a favorite of Nigerians always hitting the airwaves.
Positive reviews about the event have been buzzing nonstop on twitter and social media platforms. Davido has dominated the Nigerian music scene with IF, FALL, FIA FIA rising rapidly to the top of the charts.
The '30 Billion Concert' was definitely a huge success!
The Big Brother Naija 2018 has finally come to an end but there's no slowing down on the entertainment scene as we are all barrelling towards May 5 - the day for the Headies. The organisers of the event have announced comedian Bovi Ugboma and singer Seyi Shay as hosts of the evening. Seyi Shay who recently released a new single, ‘Alele.’ In 2015, Bovi hosted the event with dancer Kaffy.
There will be a nominee party on April 28 in Abuja while the main event will hold at Eko Hotel and Suites, Victoria Island, Lagos. Leading the nomination for the Headies is Davido with six nominations, followed by Wizkid, Olamide and Adekunle Gold with five nominations each; Tiwa Savage, Kiss Daniel and Johnny Drille bagged four nominations each while Flavour, Nonso Amadi, Banky W, Niniola, Runtown, Phyno and Reminisce eachhave three nominations.
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2019-04-25T04:33:40Z
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http://www.scholarsvine.com/2018/06/deontay-wilder-and-anthony-joshua-could.html
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Finding Work In America - A woman from Liverpool moves to America and to a pre-arranged job. The thing is – she doesn’t find out what the true purpose of the place where she works is until later, when an accident will change her life forever PLUS Irene Jumps From One Life To Another - A prostitute from Liverpool decides to try for a new life in America by becoming a mail order bride to a sheriff in Texas, but both the man who escorts her there and her life when she meets her future husband, are a far cry from what she thought they would be PLUS Kidnapped! - A woman is kidnapped from her coach while on her way to Southampton to join her mail ordered fiancé in America PLUS Like Night and Day - A former prostitute from London decides to pass herself off as an upper class woman on the voyage to America, and then in her new life in New York. The only problem is, she thinks she was recognized by one of her former clients.
Synopsis: Finding Work In America - A woman from Liverpool moves to America and to a pre-arranged job. The thing is – she doesn’t find out what the true purpose of the place where she works is until later, when an accident will change her life forever.
Marybeth Weatherspoon, or Beth as her friends called her, sat on the divan by the window and contemplated her many options. Deciding what to do with her life from this point forward would require some thinking, most of which she barely felt qualified to do. She had just buried her mother the month before, she had no father or siblings, and the remaining relatives hadn’t spoken to her in years.
Basically, she was alone, inexperienced and, Beth admitted, often gullible. Still, some measure of plan had to be laid out or she would just flit through the days and nights of her life aimlessly.
She finished the last swallow of tea in her cup and returned it to the kitchen.
I’ll go talk to the banker, she said aloud to only herself, a habit that had begun when her mother passed and left her alone in the house. "He’s given me good advice thus far, why not hear him out on what he thinks.
Beth walked slowly through the streets of her fairly polished neighborhood toward the barrister’s office, taking the time to smell a rose, pet a dog, or chat with someone along the way. She was a friendly sort of person and rarely met a stranger. Some other women thought she was overly friendly, but it was her way, and that would probably never change. At least, not in the immediate future.
I’d like to speak to Mr. Fields, she firmly told the receptionist. She had learned to deal with this particularly icy woman over the many months she and her mother had been visiting the attorney in preparation of her mother’s death. Beth had always dreaded the appointments, because they represented the ending of one life and the beginning of another - her mother’s and hers.
The woman eyed her curiously for a moment.
May I ask what this concerns? she finally said, although the old spinster knew exactly who Beth was and should be able to assume that it regarded the meager penance her mother had left the daughter after all the medical bills were paid. But the hag appeared to not even physically recognize Beth.
No, you may not, Beth responded in an even more firm voice. Mr. Fields will see me if he isn’t busy, I’m sure. Could you please ask him, at least?
The ice cube rose from her chair and swished her heavy skirt down the short hall to the back mahogany door and entered, closing it behind her as if Beth were going to snoop, which she probably would have done as it was a pastime of hers when the opportunity presented itself. A few minutes later, the woman returned and took her own seat at the reception desk. Beth waited.
Will he see me? she finally asked after several moments.
With a sarcastic glare in her eyes and straight-lined lips, the woman literally snarled at Beth.
Oh, yes he will. You may go back to his office.
Beth instantly felt like a beggar, but she wouldn’t give the hussy an opportunity to revel in her self-imposed victory. Instead, she stood from the small chair she had invited herself to make use of and strode down the same hallway, her head so high she could feel the slight cold drain from her sinuses and down her throat.
What was going through her mind regarding the receptionist wasn’t fit for uttering or printing. She knocked lightly on Mr. Fields door.
Come in, the gruff voice answered. As she opened the door, his face broke into a broad smile. Well, Miss Weatherspoon, he said, standing and coming around the desk. You took so long, I was afraid you had changed your mind and didn’t want to see an old fat man like me.
He kissed her on the cheek and hugged her closely like a father, but Beth didn’t miss the hand trailing down her arm, either. Men had such obviously non-secretive ways of telling a woman that he was on the prowl. Nonetheless, in consideration of his age, and what she hoped would be a free consultation, Beth said nothing.
How are you, Mr. Fields, she answered him in her sweetest voice. I hope you’re doing well.
Very well, but even better now, Beth. What can I do for you? Miss Snodel said you wouldn’t tell her what your business with me would be.
The old twit, Beth thought, how dare her! But her face didn’t divulge her true feelings.
I’m sorry, she said, but I thought it none of her business, with her snotty attitude and superior airs, what my business with you might be. She’s a real prude, Mr. Fields.
He laughed aloud at the insult, but inside, the old man agreed with Beth. Still, Miss Snodel had been an exemplary employee for over twenty years, and he saw no need to change that before he retired.
She really is a nice person, just trying to protect me, Beth. Don’t hold that against her.
I won’t, but I wasn’t coming here to kill you or anything like that. Just wanted to ask your opinion about something. Really, Sir, I have no one else to talk to.
He knew that was the truth because he had handled the affairs of the Merriweather household for years. Beth’s father was a businesses man of meager means and a less than thriving tailoring shop, but he did have the need for an attorney from time to time.
Years before, there had been some sort of family rift between Beth’s two sides of the family, and she, at a very young age, had been caught in the middle of the non-speaking tribe. It was sad, but Beth was probably far better off that it had ended that way.
So what do you want to talk about, he asked, that knowing smile on his meaty lips.
What to do with my life, she answered very directly. I need some sort of future, otherwise, I’m just drifting from day to day with no guidance. That’s not good for a woman of twenty-one, you know.
He could think of a couple things she could readily do for him, but Mr. Fields maintained his dignity and let the matter go.
Okay. What do you see as an option, Beth? He had raised a couple of daughters, both of which had married and now were busy raising children of their own, as most women of Liverpool did, but that didn’t seem to fit the effervescent Beth Merriweather. He was interested in what she had conjured up.
I have three options, she hurriedly answered. Number one, I can stay in Liverpool and find work, a job of some sort. Number two, I can not work and perhaps attend some sort of school, you know, to be a receptionist or secretary, but I’m afraid I’d end up sour and curt, like Miss Snodel.
He laughed again at her jab at the woman. And third?
And third, I could go to America. She threw that in as it was her favorite option, and she knew that Mr. Fields had already been to America, so he would have some firsthand knowledge.
America? he asked, leaning on his arms folded on his desk. I’m surprised at that. Why America?
Why not America? Beth threw back at him. I’m young, it’s young and there maybe something there that would suit me. I have enough money to get me there and to pay my way for a month or so, and enough to come back to Liverpool, if necessary. So, why not America?
Good points, he said, shaking his head in the affirmative. You seem to be keen on your third option. Mr. Fields watched as a new spark shone in her face.
Really, I am, she admitted. I can see the new buildings, the new businesses and all the fan fare that goes with it. An air of excitement everywhere, people bustling around with stuff to do and places to go, Mr. Fields. Can you imagine the opportunity? You’ve been there, is it like that?
The old man couldn’t find it in his heart to squash her apparent dream. He lied.
Yes, in many ways, it is an exciting place. Lots of newness to it, as you describe. There are more new places along and west of the Mississippi, of course, but you’ve got the gist of it.
Beth clasped her hands together underneath her lower jar and smiled. Oh, I just knew it! she said. But, how about single young women like me? Is there a place for us?
Now, he smiled, thinking back to his trip there. Yes, there certainly is, but you have to be very careful where you go and what you do once you get there, Beth. The men outnumber the women about two to one.
What? she said. Two men for every woman?
Somewhere close to that. And most men are looking for brides, which is why the mail order bride business is flourishing there. Are you interested in that?
Heaven’s no! Beth answered with a harsh tone to her voice. I have absolutely no interest in marriage, and certainly not to a man from a catalog!
Mr. Fields had to laugh again at her lack of how the system worked, but he was very relieved at her answer. He would never recommend that approach - she was too gullible and naïve for that.
Well, tell you what, Beth. Let me contact some business associates I have in America and see what possibilities or opportunities might be available to you. When I hear back from them, I’ll come around to your house and discuss them. How does that sound?
She literally jumped from her seat and came around the desk, wrapping him in a big hug.
I knew it was the right thing to do to come talk with you, she said, not pushing away his hand that held onto her arm with a certain feeling of proprietorship. She’d let him have one more thrill as a return favor.
Very well, then. I shall get off some telegraphs this evening. Hopefully, I’ll hear back by the end of the week.
Beth was ecstatic and she almost danced all the way home.
To pass the time while waiting for Mr. Fields to do his investigation and such, Beth cleaned out closets, drawers and, in general, the house in anticipation of crossing the ocean to America and never coming back.
Just as he predicted, on that same Friday afternoon, Mr. Fields knocked on her house door. She peeked through the curtain on the side window and saw who it was, and ran to the door to let him in.
Mr. Fields! Did you hear something already?
He held up a rather thick envelope. Sure did. May we sit down and go through this?
Certainly, Beth said, leading him to the parlor by the door. She took seat on a red velvet single chair so as not to give Mr. Fields room to sit beside her.
He pulled the sheaf of papers from the envelope and opened them.
My friend in New Orleans has found a great prospect for you, Beth. Mr. Fields pulled his monocle from his pocket and placed it on his nose where it covered one eye, but sat perfectly still.
Seems a Miss Wells has a business there and needs an assistant.
What kind of business, Mr. Fields?
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2019-04-22T17:16:26Z
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https://www.scribd.com/book/376825899/Attitude-Four-Historical-Romance-Novellas
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This is a reclaiming motion marked by the Advocate General against a decision of the Lord Ordinary in a petition for judicial review brought against the Advocate General as representing the Secretary of State for the Home Department. The petition has been brought by the petitioner in order to challenge a refusal by the Secretary of State to grant him leave to remain in the United Kingdom as the husband of a British citizen.
The petitioner is a national of the Republic of Pakistan. He came to the United Kingdom on 15 July 2006 on a visitor visa which was valid until 24 November 2010. In November 2010, shortly before the visa expired, he met Ms Jacqueline Tough and formed a friendship with her. That friendship continued and the petitioner and Ms Tough started to live together in May 2011. At about the same time the petitioner was detained by officials of the UK Border Agency on the ground that he was working in a shop. The petitioner was released subject to certain reporting requirements, which he subsequently observed. On 17 September 2011 the petitioner and Ms Tough married. The petitioner’s wife was born in the United Kingdom and is a British citizen. All of her family are British. She works as a shop assistant.
On 22 November 2011 the petitioner applied for leave to remain in the United Kingdom as the spouse of a British national. By a letter written on behalf of the Secretary of State on 17 January 2012 - “the first refusal letter” – the petitioner’s application was refused. On 13 February 2012 the petitioner made further representations to the Secretary of State and asked for reconsideration of his application. Some months later the Secretary of State responded by a letter dated 26 March 2013 – “the second refusal letter”. She maintained her refusal to grant leave to the petitioner.
The petition is directed against both refusal decisions. Put briefly, the basis upon which the petitioner challenges the refusal of leave is that, while his circumstances may not meet the criteria required by the policies of the Secretary of State published in the Immigration Rules (HC395) for the grant of leave to remain, the refusal of that leave constitutes a breach of article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights – “ECHR”- (protection of private and family life).
At paragraph 24 of his opinion the Lord Ordinary indicates that, except in so far as the reasoning of the first refusal letter might have been incorporated into the second, the focus should be on the latter of the two refusal decisions. However, since he had earlier found the first refusal letter to be vitiated by a number of errors the Lord Ordinary decided, for the avoidance of doubt, that it should be reduced; the interlocutor against which the reclaiming motion is taken accordingly includes reduction of the first refusal letter.
During the interval between the submission of the petitioner’s request for reconsideration in February 2012 and the issue of the response of the Secretary of State in March 2013 certain amendments to the Immigration Rules came into force in July 2012. Those amendments included certain provisions intended to address some aspects of applications involving private and family life. Those provisions include in particular Appendix FM and paragraph 276ADE. Reflecting the terms of paragraph EX1 (b) of Appendix FM, the second refusal letter held that there were no “insurmountable obstacles” to the petitioner and his wife continuing their family life together in Pakistan. Further, since none of the criteria set elsewhere in Appendix FM or paragraph 276ADE of HC395 were met, leave was refused in terms of the Immigration Rules. As we have already indicated, the contention for the petitioner before the Lord Ordinary was that the refusal of leave constituted an infringement of article 8 ECHR. Putting matters very briefly, the Lord Ordinary considered, in the light of the authorities to which he refers in his opinion, that while the test of “insurmountable obstacles” may be set by the Immigration Rules, that test was not to be equiparated with the requirement under article 8 ECHR that the interference with the private and family life in question must be proportionate. The refusal letter did not attempt any such assessment of proportionality. The Lord Ordinary accordingly considered the second refusal letter also to be vitiated; and the interlocutor which the Advocate General reclaims similarly reduces the decision contained in the second refusal letter.
While the interlocutor reclaimed by the Advocate General thus embraces reduction of both refusal letters and while the written grounds of appeal on behalf of the Advocate General maintain that both branches of the Lord Ordinary’s decisions are wrong in law, at the outset of his oral submissions counsel for the Advocate General made plain that he did not seek recall of the interlocutor of the Lord Ordinary so far as it related to the first refusal letter. The reduction of that decision was accepted by the Advocate General.
As respects the second refusal letter, counsel for the Advocate General initially advanced oral submissions to the effect that the Lord Ordinary had erred in the respect that he had, said counsel, failed properly to appreciate that the provisions added in July 2012 to HC395 were a proportionality test. However, in the course of those submissions counsel for the Advocate General accepted that the second refusal letter failed to give any consideration outwith the Immigration Rules to the rights of the petitioner and his wife under article 8 ECHR. Counsel also accepted that the omission by the decision taker to give any such consideration was an error in law. Having thus recognised that error in the decision, counsel for the Advocate General went on to submit that the error was not material. The error was not material, and the outcome would inevitably be the refusal of the petitioner’s application because, said counsel, the only matter put forward by the petitioner was the fact of his marriage. The petitioner thus did not put forward any exceptional circumstances. The family life created by the marriage had been so created at a time at which the petitioner’s immigration status was precarious. Before the removal from the country of a party to a marriage contracted at a time in which the party’s immigration status was precarious could be judged to be in breach of article 8 ECHR it was essential that there be exceptional circumstances. Counsel further submitted, under reference to paragraph 39 of the judgment of the Deputy High Court Judge (Fordham, QC) in The Queen on the application of Ganesabalan v The Secretary of State for the Home Department EWHC 2712 (Admin), that if the application were bound to fail in any event, and the error of law were thus not material, judicial review of the decision would be refused on that account.
Accordingly, in light of the concessions by counsel for the Advocate General, the only point remaining in this reclaiming motion is in relatively short compass. In our opinion that remaining point is not well founded.
First, as was pointed out by counsel for the petitioner, it is not correct to say that the only matter put forward by the petitioner is the mere fact of his marriage. As is evident from the representations made by the petitioner, removal to Pakistan would have material financial and housing consequences for the petitioner’s wife; and, importantly, the petitioner had pointed out that, given the security situation in Pakistan, there were evident concerns for the safety of his wife (who is, of course, a woman born and brought up in the United Kingdom of British parents). Further, in our opinion, any assessment of the proportionality of the refusing of leave would require to consider carefully the consequences for the petitioner’s wife of requiring her to leave the United Kingdom or forfeit the substance of her marriage.
On our reading of that passage and on our understanding of the function of the ECtHR as a court charged with interpreting the Convention and not with edicting rules of law, the relevant sentence is simply a repetition of an earlier comment by the court as to the likely operation of the Convention provision. As is plain from a reading of the passage as a whole, whether an interference with private and family life may be justified by the State as proportionate to a legitimate aim depends upon an evaluation of the whole circumstances of the case. What is given by way of example is not to be elevated into a legal condition. It may also be noted, that as counsel for the petitioner pointed out, in its actual decision in Rodrigues da Silva – which involved “precarious” immigration status - the ECtHR found a breach of article 8 to have occurred without identifying any “exceptional circumstance” or stating that the circumstances were exceptional . In these circumstances we consider that counsel for the petitioner was well founded in his submission that one simply could not say that anyone properly carrying out the proportionality assessment required by article 8 ECHR in this case would inevitably conclude that the interference with the private and family life of both the petitioner and his wife was proportionate.
Accordingly, we consider that the reclaiming motion must be refused and that the court should adhere to the interlocutor of the Lord Ordinary.
For completeness, we would record that, as we understood it, the submission of counsel for the Advocate General on absence of materiality proceeded on the basis of the judgment of the Deputy High Court Judge in Ganesabalan v Secretary of State for the Home Department, particularly paragraph 39 which refers to the discretionary nature of judicial review in England and Wales. We intend no criticism of counsel but in the absence of discussion of the matter and citation of Scottish authority we would not wish to be taken as necessarily accepting or endorsing a proposition that the exercise of the supervisory jurisdiction of the Court of Session is in every respect equally discretionary in its nature to the judicial review jurisdiction practiced by the courts in England and Wales.
It was also directed against removal directions, but these were later revoked.
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2019-04-21T12:54:51Z
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http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/search-judgments/judgment?id=5ac9d2a6-8980-69d2-b500-ff0000d74aa7
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Is it Laurence or Lawrence? How ever his first name was spelt, I have blogged about L.S.Lowry before - here and here. A week ago, before I reached my aunt's funeral in north Manchester, I tarried for a while in Mottram in Longdendale. It was in this overgrown village on the edge of the Pennines that Lowry lived out the last twenty eight years of his long life, still painting and still being an awkward so and so - loving humanity and yet hating it at the same time. He could never really fit in.
Two boys and an old woman murdered by Israel.
Ninety per cent of Israelis are in favour of what their government has recently instructed its military machine to do. Ninety per cent are in favour of bombing schools, hospitals and most recently Gaza's only electricity power plant. Ninety per cent are in favour of killing innocent women and children. Ninety per cent are in favour of the unconscionable blaming of Hamas for Israeli attacks - turning the truth on its head. Ninety per cent are in favour of trundling out the same lame excuses about Hamas rocket launching sites in order to justify the outrageous mass murder of frightened Palestinians.
The Israelis have killed far more than a thousand now and injured many more people than that. In contrast, the small Israeli death toll mainly consists of forty five soldiers from their invasion force. What do they expect? You invade a desperate, overcrowded and beleaguered little country and you expect no angry response? Now their latest coverall lame excuse is to cite the alleged intricate network of tunnels that Israel claims is a major threat to its security.
And what is America doing? What is the useless United Nations doing? Nothing. Nothing at all. They are letting innocent Palestinians die, silently condoning the brutality. History has taught us to be sorrowful for Jews and what they endured in World War II but their military onslaught upon Gaza is ironically like a mini-holocaust for Palestinians. Dying in a gas chamber at Auschwitz or dying under a pile of concrete in Gaza - what's the difference?
Ninety per cent of onlookers from the rest of the world say to Israel - You are wrong! This is not the way! Ninety per cent shudder about the horror of it all. Ninety per cent say that the way to solve differences is through talking - no matter how difficult those negotiations might be. I have already sent £25 to Oxfam's Gaza Appeal. I should probably be sending more but we Yorkshiremen are as tight as they come and to get £25 out of me is like getting regrets for what is happening out of Benjamin Netanyahu.
It's like a military campaign map. The red blob and the satellite red bits reveal where I have taken photographs in this region of England for the geograph project. I have red squares in other parts of the country too - from Cornwall to Fife and from Liverpool to Kent. I took up this hobby in 2009 since when my blob has grown like a pool of red wine on a laminate floor. The hobby involves several things apart from snapping pictures. There's miles and miles of walking, study of maps and map reading, internet research of the places I have been and the things I have seen. Through geograph I have learnt more than I knew before of England's beauty, its history and its incredible diversity.
On Thursday, I travelled over The Pennines to what we Yorkshire folk often call "The Dark Side". Its real name is Lancashire. I was going to the funeral of a ninety two year old lady - my Auntie Irene. The funeral was held in the northern suburbs of Manchester in a place called Middleton. I had never been there before and I only ever met my Auntie Irene once - at my mother's funeral in 2007.
My mother only had one sibling - her brother Derek - who married Irene McGann shortly after World War II. Times must have been hard for them because when my own mum and dad returned from India - where they themselves had married in the last year of the war - Uncle Derek asked if he could borrow some money. By this time Irene had had a baby daughter - their first child. They needed to borrow £50 which was an enormous amount of money back then - equivalent to about two month's salary for an average worker.
Mum and Dad had very little spare cash and lending this money was a big sacrifice as they themselves began to settle back into civilian life. As I understand it, Uncle Derek was unable to repay the debt by the promised time. A big argument ensued which resulted in my Dad wanting to cut off all contact with Uncle Derek and Auntie Irene. This must have happened in 1946 - just before Mum gave birth to my oldest brother - our late and much missed Paul.
Anyway - the years passed - with Uncle Derek and Auntie Irene living life and raising a family in Middleton while Mum and Dad lived a parallel life in East Yorkshire. Irene bore five daughters and Mum bore four sons. On Thursday I learnt that Irene had in fact had a son too but he had died before he was a week old. Co-incidentally my mother also had a baby girl but she was stillborn.
So five daughters and four sons grew up. We were and are of course cousins but we didn't know each other. Having five girl cousins could and should have been something that enriched our lives. My peers in our East Yorkshire village all seemed to be in touch with their extended families and I remember feeling quite envious of this. Isn't that how life was meant to be? And isn't the true meaning of "family" something richer and more extensive than the modern core nuclear family which is too often developed in geographical isolation.
The funeral had three phases. First there was a well-attended memorial service in Middleton's surprisingly wonderful and ancient parish church. Irene had nine siblings and so the McGann side of her family was numerous. She was a much-loved matriarch and had many friends, living life to the full right up to the end.
Next the funeral moved to Boarshaw Cemetery for the interment - witnessed by a crowd of perhaps a hundred. And then we all went on to Middleton Cricket Club for food and drink and conversation - marking the passing of Auntie Irene. And it was there I managed to snap this picture of my five girl cousins - now mature women of course with children - and in three cases - grandchildren of their own. I wish I had known them with pigtails I could pull, hide and seek and picnics on beaches, ghost stories and giggles, sandcastles and caravan holidays - growing up together - part of the same big family. But sadly it never happened.
Close to the former South Yorkshire coal mining village of Maltby, in a green valley that is blessed by a sparkling stream, you will find the remains of Roche Abbey. It was founded in 1147 by the Cistercian monastic order and destroyed by Henry VIII's forces some four hundred years later during The Dissolution. And after that many local people viewed the site as a free salvage yard. They would turn up with horse and carts or wooden hand carts and take away dressed stones or pieces of lead and glass. And that pillaging went on well into the nineteenth century.
If you think that Cistercian monks were all about self-denial and the worship of God, you'd be wrong. The Cistercian movement was about political and economic control as much as religious worship. Like other abbeys in Yorkshire, Roche Abbey drew its wealth from the surrounding farmland and local people were subjugated - paying rents, delivering agricultural produce and undertaking work without payment in order to keep the latest abbot happy. No doubt they were warned that if they didn't do as they were told they wouldn't enter heaven.
Just to build a substantial religious campus like Roche Abbey would have been a mind-boggling task in the twelfth century. Suitable stone would need to be identified in the local area then quarried, dressed and brought in carts to the site. No electric drills, no trucks, no dynamite, no tubular scaffolding. It makes the construction of The Shard in London - or any other modern skyscraper - seem like child's play.
There were over fifty Cistercian monasteries in England and they were like the tentacles of a movement that had its central powerhouse in France. Cistercian leaders had great political sway with monarchs and popes for five hundred years. It would have been hard not to listen to an organisation that could boast such economic power and in everyday terms governed the lives of many thousands of people throughout western Europe.
Roche Abbey has a fence around it these days and is overseen by an organisation called "English Heritage". It used to be that you could wander freely around the site at any time but now you can only go inside the fence on Wednesdays, Sundays and Bank Holidays, paying £3.60 for the privilege. I took my photographs and kept on walking on another gorgeously hot and sunny summer's day. If only Roche Abbey's stones could speak. I would love to listen to their stories.
It's not a cricket match nor a meeting of two great baseball teams. We are not talking about rugby or athletics or snooker, we are talking death. The Grim Reaper. The end of life. Even as we speak, Israel is wreaking havoc in the Gaza Strip with its American tanks and state of the art weaponry while Palestinians fire pathetic "rockets" into Israel that are not much more deadly than grenades on sticks. If these rockets are such a threat, how come more Israelis haven't died? How come the damage to buildings is so superficial?
We are led to believe that the humane Israeli military machine messages Gaza civilians ahead of its missile strikes - warning them to evacuate their homes. Where are they meant to run to? How much time have they got? How do the Israeli generals know the messages have got through? Can Israeli bombings really be so pinpoint accurate that they always hit their targets and leave the people next door free to get on with their lives?
It is such an unequal conflict and personally I shudder when I hear the justifications and tissue thin apologies of Israeli spokesmen. Obviously, the issues surrounding Israel and the Palestinians are complex - like a tangled ball of wool. I would have no idea how it might be sorted out but killing women and children, bombing schools and hospitals, creating terror in the densely packed streets of Gaza is surely not the way. Talking, agreement and compromise are the only way forward. Ultimately, that's how it has always been.
Dumb Dubya Bush and Catholic Convert Blair promoted a war ON terror, but Philadepelphia-educated Benjamin Netanyahu is now conducting a war OF terror on a desperate people whose lives are not underwritten by America with its vast military arsenal and influential Jewish lobbyists. One things's for sure - the death and terror currently being meted out by Israel will not be the end of it all. It's no solution, no solution at all. If you kick a wounded dog it will bite back. If you put a lid on a bottle of soda water and shake it up it is liable to explode.
Surprisingly, Bob is not a woman's name - it is a man's name! It is not short for "bobbin" which is an item used in textile industries. No - Bob is short for Robert. Over here in England the most famous Bob is an animated children's TV character called Bob the Builder. Here he is! Hello Bob!
The name "Bob" is favoured by owners of small dogs throughout the English speaking world. It is estimated that there are approximately 2.7 million canine"Bobs" worldwide. And on that happy note I do believe that I have exhausted all of my "Bob" knowledge. I hope that this post has been instructive to any Bobs who happen to have been visiting this humble blog.
Thursday was hot. Weather forecasters on the television were warning we Britons to stay indoors and avoid vigorous exercise so naturally that inspired me to go on a ten mile walk in Derbyshire. My starting point was the tiny village of Aldwark which is west of Matlock. Once it was on the old stage coach route from Derby to Buxton but now it's a forgotten place and would be very peaceful if not for the sound of nearby limestone workings.
From Aldwark, I headed for Winster and then along Bonsall Lane, taking a cross country footpath south to another small and rather delightful village called Ible. I had planned to continue strolling southwards from there into Griffe Grange Valley but there was a bull in one of the fields through which the little used public footpath runs. He advanced in my direction as soon as he saw me approaching and wasn't coming over to exchange pleasantries or even to talk bull. His horns were lethal weapons and he was snorting pure testosterone so naturally I chose to take a detour. This involved me receiving a jolt from an electric fence and squelching through boggy ground. Thank you Bully!
Up to Griffe Grange, through the woods then along to The Limestone Way footpath where farmers were making hay while the sun shone and then west to Longcliffe with yet more limestone works. Then back in an arc to Aldwark - which means "old fortification".
survive? This one isn't even re-painted any more. Damn those mobile phones!
Out on the moors the other day, I followed a track which was defined by boundary stones. I believe they mark the western extremity of the metropolitan district of Sheffield though who would have sanctioned their placement I have no idea. I came across more than twenty of them in different states of repair - including the one below which was the only stone with letters carved upon it. Such lettering normally indicates ownership of moorland estates. Beyond this stone you can just make out Dale Dike Reservoir - source of The Great Sheffield Flood of 1864 and there's Boot's Folly to the right.
To the north, by a boggy area known as Running Moss, I noticed a gritstone outcrop so I made my way over there crossing several rivulets that cut through the peaty earth that blankets this landscape. The outcrop consists of several time-sculpted stones and as far as I can deduce it is unnamed. It is some distance from the nearest path or track and hard to reach - unless you happen to be a sheep.
I love places like this. To me these stones are better than manmade sculptures. They speak of the bedrock and of the centuries that have shaped them - wind and rain and frost - while empires rose and fell. These voiceless stones endure. Below, flimsy summery clouds try to imitate the solid rock shapes.
And then along Hoar Stones Road to this monument - built over a roadside spring in 1832 - in memory of a local child who drowned here. It is called the Edgefield Obelisk and it sits here in glorious isolation above Bradfield Dale.
One of the best albums I ever owned was "Blue" by Joni Mitchell. In fact I owned it three times over - as a vinyl disc, as a tape cassette and as a CD. And I saw Joni in concert when she was twenty five. She was more than the archetypal singer-songwriter for there was a unique and tender poignancy about her lyrics. She was a poet or maybe a poetess.
Only yesterday, thanks to a BBC Radio 4 programme, I discovered that this song was about a child that Joni gave up for adoption when she was nineteen and a destitute art student. She discovered she had become pregnant by her Calgary boyfriend. She said, "...he left me three months pregnant in an attic room with no money and winter coming on and only a fireplace for heat. The spindles of the banister were gap-toothed fuel for last winter's occupants.". That little girl - Kelly Dale Anderson - later to be renamed Kilauren Gibb - remained a secret throughout Joni's years of musical success but it seems that in the late nineties she finally re-established contact with this long lost daughter. And when they met in 1997, both women found their lives enriched as if discovering vital missing jigsaw pieces.
Joni Mitchell is seventy now. She has health issues - some are probably psychosomatic - and she is something of a recluse living in the Los Angeles hills in what has been described as a "Joni Mitchell museum". Always a gifted, original visual artist, she is surrounded by her art work into which she now applies most of her creative energy. Intellectually she lives on the edge, a highly strung chain smoker and combative too. It cannot be easy being Joni's daughter. It cannot be easy being the genius who is Joni Mitchell.
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2019-04-22T16:48:21Z
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http://beefgravy.blogspot.com/2014/07/
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Gold Rings For Men: Tungsten Carbide Ring Review, Amazon Rings For Men 8mm Mens With Meteorite Inlay can be seen here on Amazon: https://amzn.to/2rtfOQo Gold Rings For Men Price UPDATE: 03/20/2018 The price of this had dropped significantly since I purchased nearly 2 years ago. I bought it for around $60 back then. It's now selling for $23 on Amazon -- so this does change my mind on this ring regarding its overall worth. I do now recommend it because the price has lowered. It is worth around $25 in my opinion -- it just wasn't worth $60. With that said, here's my original review. Quick thoughts on Gold Rings For Men: Tungsten Carbide Ring Review, Amazon Rings For Men 8mm Mens With Meteorite Inlay. This is a 14k gold ring that failed to deliver its promise at a $60 price tag range. I have to tell ya, upon looking through hundreds of gold rings designs, I was VERY excited to get this gold plated ring. I have been waiting a while to find something that really caught my eye. I haven't had my wedding ring for years (lost it!) and always popped in and out of jewelry stores to find something that could replace it, but nothing ever caught my eye and I hate being around pushy sales people who seem to think every gold ring on your finger is "the one!" (Ha!) Anyway, this 14k gold plated ring caught my eye. When I opened it up, I was expecting to be overwhelmed by the "glamorous" design this ring should have given off for $60. Instead, I was underwhelmed by a shiny gold ring with a piece of tin foil running down the middle. In the photos, the imitation meteorite inlay looks very nice, but in real life, it looks a bit cheesy. Seriously, this gold wedding ring looks like a piece of crumpled tin foil wrapped in yellow gold. Gold Rings For Men: Tungsten Carbide Ring Review, Amazon Rings For Men 8mm Mens With Meteorite Inlay - Gold Rings Review: It was an unfortunate discovery that while looking at gold rings designs, this gold ring for men didn't deliver the results I was expecting. Perhaps it was because of the price? I mean, for $60, one would expect a gold wedding ring to be much higher quality, even if it's for gold plated. But in my opinion, it's not worth over $25. Gold Rings For Men: Tungsten Carbide Ring Review, Amazon Rings For Men 8mm Mens With Meteorite Inlay - Gold Rings Review: If you're looking a decent men's wedding band, then you ought to maybe pass this one by in the $60 price range. The gold wedding ring had inspiration which was well thought out, but this gold wedding ring lacked overall execution and is less than to be desired regarding a gold ring for men in the $60 price range. Gold Rings For Men: Tungsten Carbide Ring Review, Amazon Rings For Men 8mm Mens With Meteorite Inlay - Gold Rings Review: A men's wedding band that did fit well, but upon further inspection, looked more like a costume ring that was polished brightly than a true gold ring for men. That inlay is attractive, but I don't want to have to keep turning it to hide its imperfections! As I rolled it around on my finger, it fit nicely. It does have a good weight to it (tungsten is a nice solid heavy material), the 14K gold plated finish is nice too -- very shiny. But that meteorite running down the middle is just not worthy of a $60 price tag I paid. As I continued to roll it around my finger, I actually saw a crease of the inner meteorite where it bubbled up slightly, as well as where it likely glued. I thought maybe it wasn't so noticeable -- but it is. I put it on my finger with the crease showing on top and showed my wife the ring on my finger. The first thing she said was "Oh that's pretty... hey, is that metal they used inside or foil? Because I can see the crease." EPIC FAIL! Watch my video review and you will see the crease. These gold rings for men do look expensive from afar, but up close, it looks cheap. Sorry, but that's the truth. It's beautiful in photos, has good weight, and it is shiny -- but that meteorite is not fooling anyone! Seriously, for $60 you can certainly buy better gold rings for men!
Fred Cuellar, The Diamond Guy, and Mark Mehaffey, ER physician, discuss dangers of removing tungsten and colbalt wedding bands. Equipment in cutting cobalt and tungsten rings are as readily available as some manufacturers lead you to believe. Go to www.diamondcuttersintl.com for more information.
http://UniqueTungstenRings.com Tungsten carbide is a metal compound which involves equal parts of tungsten and carbon being compounded together. It appears a shiny, dark grey, silver colored metal. It's also extremely strong and resilient to many different types of external forces which may cause other metals to scratch. The main pro of a tungsten carbide ring is that it's durable and very strong. Many different metals, especially that of the ubiquitous gold wedding bang, often show signs of strong wear after a couple of years. Gold easily scratches from daily use, and many customers are often obligated to send their rings in for maintenance every few years -- which can cost a lot of money. This, is rarely the case with tungsten carbide as it's an extremely strong metal which hardly shows any wear even after years. Another very important benefit about the tungsten carbide ring is that it's very affordable. Gold, platinum wedding bands may cost even up to the thousands for the bride and groom, however tungsten carbide rings only cost a fraction of that. A good quality tungsten carbide ring will set someone back around two hundred dollars. Leading to massive savings, even in the long term -- as mentioned above, there is usually no need for a tungsten carbide ring to be maintained every few years. Tungsten rings cannot be re-sized as in the case of rings made of other metals. So, if you put on weight or may be lose some, you cannot get your ring size adjusted. However, there are many jewelers who give a lifetime guarantee when they sell tungsten rings. Due to this guarantee, you can get your ring replaced due to the problem of size, for free. Hence, while making your purchase, ask questions regarding this to your jeweler.
product link: https://bit.ly/2PI7pFX This silver wedding band is made of Genuine Tungsten Carbide. It is perfect for both men and women and suitable for all occasions, which can be used for various purposes, as a wedding ring, engagement ring, anniversary and Valentine's Day gift. The great workmanship on brushed matte surface and high polish smooth inner face, bring the wearer both the Elegance and Comfort. Each of our rings has met our standards of high quality and they are paired up with the economical price we can offer. We respect people that know quality when they see it and that is why we offer the biggest bang for your buck. Metal Features: ① Cobalt Free ② Safe and Comfort ③ High Hardness ④ Scratch Resistant ⑤ Corrosion Resistant ⑥ Color Retention ⑦ No Deformation ⑧ Masculinity Occasions: Promise, Engagement, Marriage, Anniversary, Daily Wear, etc. A perfect gift for your lover or spouse with an elegant jewellery box. Special Service: Free Custom Engraving. You can remember special days, meaningful handwriting, etc. by carving inside the ring. Guarantee: Friendly customer service and lifetime warranty covering any damage and size exchange.
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http://madtungsten.com.au/shop/fusion-rings-for-men/ This is some awesome silver tungsten carbide ring. We've taken a whole lot of silver tungsten carbide, a dash of brushed finish, some funky polished grooves, a bit of black ceramic and fused them all together, thus, we have the Fusion Tungsten Rings for Men. An 8mm wide band that weighs 15.5 grams, is indeed a gem of a ring.
Buy Here: http://evoratungstenrings.com/abrantes/ Use coupon "youtube" to get 15% off your order! Abrantes features possibly the most simple yet elegant design of tungsten ring that we carry. The coveted Forever Finish™ inside and out as well as a domed exterior make Abrantes a great choice. Backed by our No-Hassle warranty, this ring will please for ages to come.
Buying link: https://amzn.to/2GiqIRq Charming Jewelers presents with this classic brushed dome tungsten carbide band featuring with polished blue paling in a 2mm width. This luxurious blue paling ring is perfect to use for marriage or a dressy piece of upscale jewelry. We delicately create our unique rings in Comfort Fit, which provide comfortable and every day stylish wear. We carry all sizes including half sizes, for either women or men. We know you will love our sharp and elegant design so it makes a perfect choice for your ceremony and its unisex style will appeal to both the bride and groom.
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2019-04-20T07:29:08Z
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http://fiasko.info/search?q=Tungsten%20rings%20for%20men
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At Dumpster Centre, we strive to bring you the best service at the best price available. We have a wide selection of dumpster sizes in stock in Antlers, OK, with flexible & timley pickup and delivery. Give us a call today for all your dumpster rental and roll off needs.
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2019-04-25T04:25:32Z
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https://dumpstercentre.com/oklahoma/portable-dumpster-in-antlers-ok/
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The "Ballard" case of 1944 is still one of the most powerful resources that we have when it comes to relevent 'quotes" about "what constitutes religious belief" and how the courts should view such beliefs. Below is the text of the Ballard case. The most important comments are highlighted.
UNITED STATES v. BALLARD et al. No. 472.
Argued March 3 and 6, 1944.
Mr. Charles Fahy, Sol. Gen., of Washington, D.C., for petitioner Messrs. Roland Rich Woolley and Joseph F. Rank, both of Los Angeles, Cal., for respondents.
The indictment contained twelve counts, one of which charged a conspiracy to defraud. The first count set forth all of the eighteen representations, as we have said. Each of the other counts incorporated and realleged all of them and added no additional ones.
The issue is: Did these defendants honestly and in good faith believe those things? If they did, they should be acquitted. I cannot make it any clearer than that.
The Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the judgment of conviction and granted a new trial, one judge dissenting. In its view the restriction of the issue in question to that of good faith was error. Its reason was that the scheme to defraud alleged in the indictment was that respondents made the eighteen alleged false representations; and that to prove that defendants devised the scheme described in the indictment 'it was necessary to prove that they schemed to make some, at least, of the ( eighteen) representations and that some, at least, of the representations which they schemed to make were false.' One judge thought that the ruling of the District Court was also error because it was 'as prejudicial to the issue of honest belief as to the issue of purposeful misrepresentation.' Id., 138 F.2d at page 546.
The United States contends that the District Court withdrew from the jury's consideration only the truth or falsity of those representations which related to religious concepts or beliefs and that there were representations charged in the indictment which fell within a different category. 1 The argument is that this latter group of [322 U.S. 78, 84] representations was submitted to the jury, that they were adequate to constitute an offense under the Act, and that they were supported by the requisite evidence. It is thus sought to bring the case within the rule of Hall v. United States, 168 U.S. 632, 639, 640 S., 18 s.Ct. 237, 239, 240, which held that where an indictment contained 'all the necessary averments to constitute an offense created by the statute', a conviction would not be set aside because a 'totally immaterial fact' was averred but not proved. We do not stop to ascertain the relevancy of that rule to this case, for we are of the view that all of the representations charged in the indictment which related at least in part to the religious doctrines or beliefs of respondents were withheld from the jury.
The United States contends that respondents acquiesced in the withdrawal from the jury of the truth of their religious doctrines or beliefs and that their consent bars them from insisting on a different course once that one turned out to be unsuccessful. Reliance for that position is sought in Johnson v. United States, 318 U.S. 189, 63 S.Ct. 549. That case stands for the proposition that, apart from situations involving an unfair trial, an appellate court will not grant a new trial to a defendant on the ground of improper introduction of evidence or improper comment by the prosecutor, where the defendant acquiesced in that course and made no objection to it. In fairness to respondents that principle cannot be applied here.
The real objection of respondents is not that the truth of their religious doctrines or beliefs should have been submitted to the jury. Their demurrer and motion to quash made clear their position that that issue should be withheld from the jury on the basis of the First Amendment. Moreover, their position at all times was and still is that the court should have gone the whole way and withheld from the jury both that issue and the issue of their good faith. Their demurrer and motion to quash asked for dismissal of the entire indictment. Their argument that the truth of their religious doctrines or beliefs should have gone to the jury when the question of their good faith was submitted was and is merely an alternative argument. They never forsook their position that the indictment should have been dismissed and that none of it was good. Moreover, respondents' motion for new trial challenged the propriety of the action of the District Court in withdrawing from the jury the issue of the truth of their religious doctrines or beliefs without also withdrawing the question of their good faith. So we conclude that the rule of Johnson v. United States, supra, does not prevent respondents from reasserting now that no part of the indictment should have been submitted to the jury.
As we have noted, the Circuit Court of Appeals held that the question of the truth of the representations concerning respondent's religious doctrines or beliefs should have been submitted to the jury. And it remanded the case for a new trial. It may be that the Circuit Court of Appeals took that action because it did not think that the indictment could be properly construed as charging a scheme to defraud by means other than misrepresentations of respondents' religious doctrines or beliefs. Or that court may have concluded that the withdrawal of the issue of the truth of those religious doctrines or beliefs was unwarranted because it resulted in a substantial change in the character of the crime charged.
But on whichever basis that court rested its action, we do not agree that the truth or verity of respondents' religious doctrines or beliefs should have been submitted to the jury. Whatever this particular indictment might require, the First Amendment precludes such a course, as the United States seems to concede. 'The law knows no heresy, and is committed to the support of no dogma, the establishment of no sect.' Watson v. Jones, 13 Wall. 679, 728. The First Amendment has a dual aspect. It not only 'forestalls compulsion by law of the acceptance of any creed or the practice of any form of worship' but also 'safeguards the free exercise of the chosen form of religion.' Cantwell v. State of Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296, 303, 60 S.Ct. 900, 903, 128 A.L. R. 1352. 'Thus the Amendment embraces two concepts,-freedom to believe and freedom to act. The first is absolute but, in the nature of things, the second cannot be.' Id., 310 U.S. at pages 303, 304, 60 S.Ct. at page 903, 128 A.L.R. 1352.
Freedom of thought, which includes freedom of religious belief, is basic in a society of free men. West Virginia State Board of Education by Barnette, 319 U.S. 624, 63 S.Ct. 1178, 147 A.L.R. 674. It embraces the right to maintain theories of life and of death and of the hereafter which are rank heresy to followers of the orthodox faiths.
Heresy trials are foreign to our Constitution. Men may believe what they cannot prove. They may not be put to the proof of their religious doctrines or beliefs. Religious experiences which are as real as life to some may be incomprehensible to others. Yet the fact that they may be beyond the ken of mortals does not mean that they can be made suspect before the law. Many take their gospel from the New Testament. But it would hardly be supposed that they could be tried before a jury charged with the duty of determining whether those teachings contained false representations.
The miracles of the New Testament, the Divinity of Christ, life after death, the power of prayer are deep in the religious convictions of many. If one could be sent to jail because a jury in a hostile environment found those teachings false, little indeed would be left of religious freedom. The Fathers of the Constitution were not unaware of the varied and extreme views of religious sects, of the violence of disagreement among them, and of the lack of any one religious creed on which all men would agree. They fashioned a charter of government which envisaged the widest possible toleration of conflicting views. Man's relation to his God was made no concern of the state. He was granted the right to worship as he pleased and to answer to no man for the verity of his religious views.
The religious views espoused by respondents might seem incredible, if not preposterous, to most people. But if those doctrines are subject to trial before a jury charged with finding their truth or falsity, then the same can be done with the religious beliefs of any sect. When the triers of fact undertake that task, they enter a forbidden domain. The First Amendment does not select any one group or any one type of religiion for preferred treatment. It puts them all in that position. Murdock v. Pennsylvania, 319 U.S. 105, 63 S.Ct. 870, 891, 146 A.L.R. 81.
As stated in Davis v. Beason, 133 U.S. 333, 342, 10 S.Ct. 299, 300. 'With man's relations to his Maker and the obligations he may think they impose, and the manner in which an expression shall be made by him of his belief on those subjects, no interference can be permitted, provided always the laws of society, designed to secure its peace and prosperity, and the morals of its people, are not interfered with.' So we conclude that the District Court ruled properly when it withheld from the jury all questions concerning the truth or falsity of the religious beliefs or doctrines of respondents.
Respondents maintain that the reversal of the judgment of conviction was justified on other distinct grounds. The Circuit Court of Appeals did not reach those questions. Respondents may, of course, urge them here in support of the judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals. But since attention was centered on the issues which we have discussed, the remaining questions were not fully presented to this Court either in the briefs or oral argument. In view of these circumstances we deem it more appropriate to remand the cause to the Circuit Court of Appeals so that it may pass on the questions reserved. S.Ct. If any questions of importance survive and are presented here, we will then have the benefit of the views of the Circuit Court of Appeals. Until that additional consideration is had, we cannot be sure that it will be necessary to pass on any of the other constitutional issues which respondents claim to have reserved.
I am not prepared to say that the constitutional guaranty of freedom of religion affords immunity from criminal prosecution for the fraudulent procurement of money by false statements as to one's religious experiences, more than it renders polygamy or libel immune from criminal prosecution.
I cannot say that freedom of thought and worship includes freedom to procure money by making knowingly false statements about one's religious experiences. To go no further, if it were shown that a defendant in this case had asserted as a part of the alleged fraudulent scheme, that he had physically shaken hands with St. Germain in San Francisco on a day named, or that, as the indictment here alleges, by the exertion of his spiritual power he 'had in fact cured hundreds of persons afflicted with diseases and ailments', I should not doubt that it would be open to the Government to submit to the jury proof that he had never been in San Francisco and that no such cures had ever been effected. In any event I see no occasion for making any pronouncement on this subject in the present case.
The indictment charges respondents' use of the mails to defraud and a conspiracy to commit that offense by false statements of their religious experiences which had not in fact occurred. But it also charged that the representations were 'falsly and fraudulently' made, that respondents 'well knew' that these representations were untrue, and that they were made by respondents with the intent to cheat and defraud those to whom they were made. With the assent of the prosecution and the defense the trial judge withdrew from the consideration of the jury the question whether the alleged religious experiences had in fact occurred, but submitted to the jury the single issue whether petitioners honestly believed that they had occurred, with the instruction that if the jury did not so find, then it should return a verdict of guilty. On this issue the jury, on ample evidence that respondents were without belief in the statements which they had made to their victims, found a verdict of guilty.
The state of one's mind is a fact as capable of fraudulent misrepresentation as is one's physical condition or the state of his bodily health. There are no exceptions to the charge and no contention that the trial court rejected any relevant evidence which petitioners sought to offer. Since the indictment and the evidence support the conviction, it is irrelevant whether the religious experiences alleged did or did not in fact occur or whether that issue could or could not, for constitutional reasons, have been rightly submitted to the jury. Certainly none of respondents' constitutional rights are violated if they are prosecuted for the fraudulent procurement of money by false representations as to their beliefs, religious or otherwise.
An indictment is amended when it is so altered as to charge a different offense from that found by the grand jury. (Ex parte Bain, 121 U.S. 1, 7 S.Ct. 781). But here there was no alteration of the indictment, nor did the court's action, in effect, and anything to it by submitting to the jury matters which it did not charge. In Salinger v. United States, supra, 272 U.S. at pages 548, 549, 47 S.Ct. at page 175, we explicitly held that where an indictment charges several offenses, or the commission of one offense in several ways, the withdrawal from the jury's consideration of one offense or one alleged method of committing it does not constitute a forbidden amendment of the indictment. (See also Goto v. Lane, 265 U.S. 393, 402, 403 S., 44 S.Ct. 525, 527; Ford v. United States, 273 U.S. 593, 602, 47 S.Ct. 531, 534.) Were the rule otherwise, the common practice of withdrawing from the jury's consideration one count of an indictment while submitting others for its verdict, sustained in Dealy v. United States, 152 U.S. 539, 542, 14 S.Ct. 680, 681, would be a fatal error.
We may assume that under some circumstances the submission to the jury of part only of the matters alleged in the indictment might resuit in such surprise to the defendant as to amount to the denial of a fair trial. But, as in the analogous case of a variance between pleading and proof, a conviction can be reversed only upon a showing of injury to the 'substantial rights' of the accused. (Berger v. United States, 295 U.S. 78, 82, 55 S.Ct. 629, 630.) Here no claim of surprise has been or could be made. The indictment plainly charged both falsity of, and lack of good faith belief in the representations made, and it was agreed at the outset of the trial, without objection from the defendants, that only the issue of respondents' good faith belief in the representations of religious experiences would be submitted to the jury. Respondents, who were represented by counsel, at no time in the course of the trial offered any objection to this limitation of the issues, or any contention that it would result in a prohibited amendment of the indictment. So far as appears from the record before us the point was raised for the first time in the specifications of errors in the Circuit Court of Appeals. It is asserted that it was argued to the District Court on motions for new trial and in arrest of judgment. If so, there was still no surprise by a ruling to which, as we have said, respondents' counsel assented when it was made.
In the second place, any inquiry into intellectual honesty in religion raises profound psychological problems. William James, who wrote on these matters as a scientist, reminds us that it is not theology and ceremonies which keep religion going. Its vitality is in the religious experiences of many people. 'If you ask what these experiences are, they are conversations with the unseen, voices and visions, responses to prayer, changes of heart, deliverances from fear, inflowings of help, assurances of support, whenever certain persons set their own internal attitude in certain appropriate ways.' If religious liberty includes, as it must, the right to communicate such experiences to others, it seems to me an impossible task for juries to separate fancied ones from real ones, dreams from happenings, and hallucinations from true clairvoyance. Such experiences, like some tones and colors, have existence for one, but none at all for another. They cannot be verified to the minds of those whose field of consciousness does not include religious insight. When one comes to trial which turns on any aspect of religious belief or representation, unbelievers among his judges are likely not to understand and are almost certain not to believe him.
And then I do not know what degree of skepticism or disbelief in a religious representation amounts to actionable fraud. James points out that 'Faith means belief in something concerning which doubt is theoretically possible.' Belief in what one may demonstrate to the senses is not faith. All schools of religious thought make enormous assumptions, generally on the basis of revelations authenticated by some sign or miracle. The appeal in such matters is to a very different plane of credility than is invoked by representations of secular fact in commerce. Some who profess belief in the Bible read literally what others read as allegory or metaphor, some with the same mental reservations one has in teaching of Santa Claus or Uncle Sam or Easter bunnies or dispassionate judges. It is hard in matters so mystical to say how literally one is bound to believe the doctrine he teaches and even more difficult to say how far it is reliance upon a teacher's literal belief which induces followers to give him money.
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2019-04-22T02:33:37Z
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http://www.witchvox.com/va/dt_va.html?a=usfl&c=white&id=2077
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Results from the latest survey on preparations for CECL, or the current expected credit loss standard, show that financial institutions across the board are making progress as the Q1 2020 compliance date nears for SEC-filers.
Abrigo, the technology provider behind Sageworks ALLL and MST’s Loan Loss Analyzer, recently released results from its third annual CECL Survey, which found that nearly half of survey participants (and a majority of SEC filers) have already collected and validated data. This is important, because collecting and validating data for the loan loss calculation is typically one of the more significant bottlenecks and challenges in CECL implementation.
In addition, more than a third (and at least half of SEC filers) are testing potential CECL-compliant methodologies for calculating their allowance for credit losses. Identifying which methodology or methodologies to use is another important step in the CECL implementation process.
However, other financial institutions are not moving fast enough to implement an accounting change that could affect not only earnings but also capital available for dividends, lending, and other growth initiatives, according to CECL experts who reviewed the Abrigo CECL survey results.
One area of concern is how infrequently lenders from SEC-filing institutions reported that they are now producing parallel calculations – i.e., calculating the allowance for credit losses both under current GAAP and under the CECL standard.
“The glaring concern in these SEC-filers’ responses is the seemingly limited number of institutions that have actually produced meaningful results and are already running parallel in preparation for a 2020 adoption,” Camp said.
Institutions have been broadly encouraged to plan for at least four quarters of parallel execution in order to offer enough time to observe a series of results and appropriately calibrate their models. However, only 14 percent of SEC registrants surveyed are running parallel allowances. Even more concerning: 3 percent of SEC filers acknowledged having yet to begin CECL preparations at all.
“Allowing enough time to do a walk-through of your models will point to areas that may need to be adjusted and give the institution the opportunity to make those adjustments prior to their CECL compliance date,” said Abrigo Senior Advisor Paula King, a former bank CFO and co-founder. Financial institutions may need to adjust their loan segments and methodologies for determining CECL estimates based on the testing results. In addition, the walk-through provides time to prepare for loan loss reserve levels and to create supporting documentation, she noted.
Overall, 6 percent of survey respondents reported their financial institutions are already running parallel allowances, and the same percentage reported their institutions have yet to begin CECL preparations.
While SEC registrants face a 2020 deadline to begin reporting the allowance for credit losses under the CECL accounting standard, all other financial institutions have until 2021 or later.
Financial institutions across the U.S. are grappling with the many changes required to implement the current expected credit loss, or CECL, model. The extensive time, resources, and staff involved in a successful transition from the incurred loss model can make even the process of getting started feel daunting. Data, methodology, and pooling decisions may seem overwhelming if institutions are not properly prepared.
However, having an effective plan in place can make it easier to implement a compliant CECL model in an efficient manner. Financial institutions can build out their models faster by learning the key decisions peer institutions have made ahead of the transition to help create that framework.
In a recent webinar, representatives from Great Southern Bank and the bank’s Advisory team at Abrigo shared their experiences with CECL so far, the decisions they have made, and their expectations for the future. Great Southern operates out of Springfield, Mo., and has total assets of approximately $4 billion. Great Southern is an SEC filer and has a Q1 2020 compliance deadline.
The Great Southern CECL team works closely in regulatory, SEC, and board reporting. At their institution, they have strong support for the process by their CEO and board group. Their CECL team has involved other departments in the bank in training and responsibility to ensure compliance. Other key players include the bank’s Chief Credit Officer, Chief Production Officer, IT, internal audit, compliance, and loan operation teams.
Great Southern first consulted with Abrigo in mid-2018 to assist with their CECL planning. To begin their transition process, they started evaluating the methodology options available to them under the new accounting standard. After analyzing their unique data situation, Great Southern decided on a cohort approach.
The Cohort methodology, also referred to as “snapshot” or “open-pool analysis,” relies on the creation of cohorts to capture loans that qualify for a particular segment at a specific point in time. Cohort methodologies then track those loans over their remaining lives to determine their loss experience.
“You really can’t stress the importance of data enough when building out a CECL model. Methodologies and pooling alike, they need to be approached based on what data fields are available and the time frame that they are available,” said Zach Langley, Advisory Analyst at Abrigo.
Depth is reflective of how far back the data goes. When meeting with Great Southern, Langley considered options for the life of loan of each segment and took note on whether that analysis should come from the segment’s contractual life, or from a weighted average remaining maturity, etc. Ways to calculate the “life of the loan” can vary among institutions – it is dependent on what the institution is comfortable defending.
To analyze the integrity of data, a financial institution can look back to see if they have consistent and correct coding historically, as well as consistent and correct application. For example, if a loan has a collateral code of one and that means unsecured, is that loan unsecured in practice? Is the financial institution applying their coding consistently?
During the webinar, the consultants highlighted that the first step for creating an effective segmentation strategy should be to find similar risk characteristics of appropriate pools. These segments should be meaningful and not too granular to produce relevant results. Pools should calibrate to whatever methodology that a financial institution chooses. It is important to understand what is being analyzed so that the segments can reflect that.
Great Southern has lending activity spread throughout multiple locations across the U.S. Because of this, geographical considerations were important when defining their segments. “It is important for us to be able to pinpoint areas of greater risk by market areas as that information becomes available,” said Flowers.
Segmentation can be challenging for institutions approaching the CECL transition. Indeed, Great Southern found this to be an obstacle as they were building out their model.
This is a second in a series of blog posts about the proposed ASU for codification improvements to ASU 2106-13, better known as the CECL standard. Click here to see the initial post in the series and to read some background on the proposed ASU.
The issue of the treatment of recoveries of previously charged off amounts has been an ongoing topic of discussion. It was discussed at the June 11 TRG meeting, discussed again at a subsequent August FASB board meeting, then discussed again in the November 1 TRG meeting.
Some preparers did not feel that the standard was clear on if recoveries should be included in the estimate of expected credit losses. Many financial institutions use net charge-off rates today, that is, loss rates that include both the charge-offs as well as any subsequent recoveries, which theoretically produces an allowance that is net of those amounts today. There were also some questions about which types of recoveries should be included in the estimate, and if recoveries were required to be considered, or if that was optional. Some of these questions were based on the difficulty in obtaining data related to recoveries.
326.20.30.1 The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. At the reporting date, an entity shall record an allowance for credit losses on financial assets within the scope of this Subtopic. An entity shall report in net income (as a credit loss expense) the amount necessary to adjust the allowance for credit losses for management’s current estimate of expected credit losses on financial asset(s).
In the definition, the allowance is defined as a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the asset. It wasn’t clear if that could include negative amounts that would be essentially added to the amortized cost basis rather than deducted.
326-20-30-7 When developing an estimate of expected credit losses on financial asset(s), an entity shall consider available information relevant to assessing the collectability of cash flows. This information may include internal information, external information, or a combination of both relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. An entity shall consider relevant qualitative and quantitative factors that relate to the environment in which the entity operates and are specific to the borrower(s). When financial assets are evaluated on a collective or individual basis, an entity is not required to search all possible information that is not reasonably available without undue cost and effort. Furthermore, an entity is not required to develop a hypothetical pool of financial assets. An entity may find that using its internal information is sufficient in determining collectability.
Recoverable amounts included in the valuation account shall not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off by the entity.
There is also similar language added to the collateral dependent practical expedient, that those individual loans may also carry negative allowances as long as they do not exceed amounts previously written off.
For the most part, the clarifications addressed in this portion of the proposed ASU related to recoveries should require minimal change to ongoing implementation efforts at community financial institutions. Most institutions were already planning to include recoveries in their allowance estimate and likewise include them in their modeling for developing this estimate. As for the possibility of negative allowances, we feel these situations are likely to be extremely rare at the pool level, but may become more common for some individual loans, particularly for institutions who are very conservative with their initial charge-offs. However, institutions who may wish to carry negative allowances on individual collateral dependent loans should make sure that they have all their documentation and justification prepared, as the regulatory scrutiny that will be applied to these loans will likely be quite high.
On January 28, 2019, the FASB hosted a public roundtable on CECL intended to cover one main topic as well as a secondary topic. A large group was in attendance, with representatives from banks of various sizes, regulators, representatives from audit firms, as well as bank stock analysts and other readers of financial statements.
The entire proposal can be read here. If this splitting of the total expected losses sounds familiar, it may be because this proposal has a lot in common with the “three bucket approach” that was proposed back when FASB and IASB were attempting to converge on expected loss standards, and in fact has some elements in common with IFRS-9, IASB’s expected loss standard that went into effect in 2018. The BPI points to both the negative capital and earnings impacts of the current CECL standard as well as claiming that CECL, as written, would be significantly more procyclical than the current incurred loss standard, and that procyclicality could lead to an unintended tightening in lending during an economic downturn. The letter and proposal were signed by around 20 banks within the BPI’s membership, although notably absent were the signatures of some of the very largest banks in the country: JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Citigroup, and TD Bank, who are all members of the BPI.
Discussion during the roundtable consisted primarily of the various signatories of the BPI proposal explaining and answering questions from FASB board members and staff, as well as other stakeholders around the table. It was clear that the position of the signatories was that the proposal, while substantial, was simply meant to lay out a framework, and not intended to be a fully mature accounting standard on its own. They also expressed praise for FASB’s deliberate standard-setting process and felt that some of the issues being address regarding the proposal would be able to be more fully addressed in that process. Discussion for this topic extended for nearly three hours, with FASB board members and staff in particular appearing to be eager to get into the details of the proposal and better understand it. Support among banks for the proposal was far from universal, with several of the banks in attendance expressing views in opposition to the proposal. FASB staff is committed to doing more research on the proposal and bring more information to the board later in Q1.
It seems hard to imagine that the FASB would take up the proposal without changing adoption timelines for CECL. The change, including the associated costs, for banks who are already well down the road on their CECL implementation would be significant, to the point of potentially having to go completely back to the drawing board in the most extreme cases. FASB was giving the proposal a fair hearing, but they are also holding their cards pretty close to their chest, as CECL has become something of a political football at this point. Hopefully this becomes clearer when FASB staff presents to the board later in Q1.
The secondary topic of discussion at the roundtable was an interesting disclosure issue related to the new credit quality vintage disclosure that exists in the new CECL standard. The background of this issue is that the illustrative example of this disclosure in the guidance contains lines for “current period gross write-offs and recoveries”, but this requirement was not outlined in the text of the ASU itself, leading to some confusion among banks and analysts as to if it was part of the disclosure of not.
This issue was discussed at the 11/7 board meeting and then again at the 12/18 board meeting. Conclusions reached were essentially that the gross write-offs and recoveries were intended to be part of the disclosure requirement; however, FASB was sympathetic to the operational challenges to adding the requirement so late in the implementation process and, therefore, asked the staff to do more research and outreach on the issue. The inclusion of the topic at this roundtable was part of that outreach.
Early in the discussion, one of the issues brought up by analysts was that they desired this information to be the cumulative gross write-offs and recoveries against a particular vintage of loans, which was even more than the illustrative example in the ASU outlined. Banks expressed that is would be extremely difficult to go back to get the cumulative losses and recoveries against vintages of loans for the last five years, as would be the requirement based on this desire. A few bankers also expressed that they do not use this information in this way today for managing credit risk and questioned the value of disclosing information that is not even used by management.
It seems likely that this will end in a compromise with both analysts and banks having to move from their current positions: banks not wanting to provide the information at all, and analysts wanting to have cumulative write-offs and recoveries against the last five vintage years. The logical compromise, which FASB board members seemed to propose, was requiring only the current period write-offs and recoveries, and then leaving it to the analysts to build the cumulative amounts over the next few years of disclosures. What is less clear is if any update to this disclosure will have the same rapidly approaching adoption date as the rest of the ASU, or if it will be split into a separate update with a different adoption date.
To learn more about Abrigo and our ABA Endorsed CECL Solutions, click here.
The number of jobs created in January as revealed in the February 1 Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Employment Situation report could only be characterized as strong. The national economy added 304,000 jobs, approaching double the expectation of about 170,000. Strength in hiring was widespread. Construction, manufacturing, and leisure and hospitality stood out as job gaining sectors, but most other sectors also saw increases. Only wholesale trade, financial activities, and information technology were essentially flat.
The report comes on the heels of a similarly strong report for December, although it did include a downward revision of December’s numbers of 90,000, leaving that month’s job creation number at 220,000, still well beyond what had been expected.
The headline unemployment rate, U3, ticked up 0.1 percentage point to 4 percent. The broader labor underutilization measure, U6, which counts individuals not formally included in the narrow definition of “unemployed” but available for full-time work, jumped from 7.6 to 8.1 percent.
The two sets of numbers – job creation and unemployment rates – are generated in different surveys; the partial government shutdown, for technical reasons, was expected to have an impact on the “household survey,” which produces the unemployment rates. This seems to be the case. Expectations were that headline unemployment would be unchanged, but might tick up a bit due to the shutdown, which, indeed, is what happened.
January’s job creation report, even given the revision to December’s numbers, indicates, at least as measured by the labor markets, that the U.S. economy remains strong and on firm footing.
Tom Cunningham holds a Ph.D. in economics from Columbia University and was senior economist with the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta from 1985 to 2015. Mr. Cunningham serves as a consultant to MST in the creation and ongoing development of the MST Virtual Economist and is the MST Advisory economics specialist.
Why should lenders consider the monthly jobs report?
As employment is a key factor in projecting loan portfolio performance, current employment statistics and longer term trends are likely to be primary considerations for most banks and credit unions as they incorporate forward-looking economic factors in their ALLL estimations under the CECL accounting standard.
How can lenders consider economic factors in estimating their reserves?
Under the new accounting standard, CECL, financial institutions will be required to consider economic factors in estimating their reserves. The MST Virtual Economist is an efficient, automated way to evaluate qualitative economic factors and project their impact on the institution’s loss rate, find new variables that impact the loss rate and determine the relevance of the economic factors you are already using to make qualitative adjustments. Click here for more information or to schedule a demonstration.
When FASB released the CECL ASU in June 2016, the defining theme through the ASU was the flexibility given to preparers with regard to the new expected losses standard. Since this time, there have been many discussions and buckets of ink spilled on the interpretation of the guidance released, but no new ASUs released that actually changed the guidance. While ASU 2018-19 was issued in late 2018, all this really did was make some clarifications and changes around the effective date of the standard for private companies, essentially extending the adoption date for those companies to Q1 2022.
However, the first proposed ASU with substantial changes to the codification has now been proposed as of November 19th, 2018 with a comment period ending on January 18th, 2019. This ASU addressed many of the issues that have been brought up and discussed in the Transition Resource Group (TRG) formed by FASB to look at the implementation of the standard, as well as other issues brought up by stakeholders to FASB. We’re going to spend the next series of blog posts looking at a few of these issues and how they will affect the implementation of the standards for financial institutions. For reference, the proposed ASU can be found on FASB’s website here under the title 11/19/18: Proposed Accounting Standards Update—Codification Improvements—Financial Instruments. The issues are numbered in the update, and we will use the same number scheme to be consistent.
The amortized cost basis is the amount at which a financing receivable or investment is originated or acquired, adjusted for applicable accrued interest, accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, writeoffs, foreign exchange, and fair value hedge accounting adjustments.
Preparers pointed out the operational difficultly involved with reporting accrued interest as part of the amortized cost basis of the asset, as it is typically common practice to report that amount as an accrued interest receivable separate and apart from the loan balance itself.
Currently, the allowance recorded by most institutions does not include any allowance related to accrued interest amounts, as they are generally reversed directly on the income statement and not against the allowance when a loan moves into nonaccrual status, this is done when a loan reaches 90 days past due with very few exceptions.
Allow an entity to make an accounting policy election to not measure an allowance on the accrued interest receivable if the entity writes off the accrued interest in a timely manner. This should be consistent with the practice of most regulated financial institutions today and will likely not require any major changes in systems or processes if they make this election.
Allow an entity to make an accounting policy election (separate from above) to write off accrued interest either by reversing interest income expense or by recognizing credit loss expense. Again, if most regulated financial institutions elect to follow current practice and write accrued interest amounts off on the income statement, this will likely require very little change.
Allow an entity to elect to disclose the amount of accrued interest receivable separately from the amortized cost balance of the financial assets. As with the other two changes, this will result in very little change to current practice for institutions that make this election.
These should be welcome changes for most community financial institutions, especially for an issue that has largely gone under the radar for many. These updates were targeted to reduce operational costs and burden at those regulated institutions by allowing them to maintain practices very similar to the ones they have today with regard to accrued interest. Our expectation would be that most community financial institutions will avail themselves of all three policy elections outlined here to streamline the adoption process and not make significant changes to systems and processes.
This is the third installment in a series of blog posts about the proposed ASU for codification improvements to ASU 2106-13, better known as the CECL standard. Click here to see the initial post in the series and to read some background on the proposed ASU.
An issue that was discussed at the November 1st meeting of the CECL Transition Resource Group was how loans should be treated in the vintage disclosure that had previously fallen into the revolving category but at some point since have converted to term loans. A variety of scenarios were raised, including revolving loans where an eventual conversion to term was written into the original agreement, or loans where the lender performs a new underwriting and converts the existing revolving loan to a term loan. This also might include loans that are restructured as part of a Troubled Debt Restructure (TDR) agreement. Opinions seemed to differ on what the correct treatment of these loans would be for disclosure purposes: whether they should be included in the column based on their origination date, included in the column the based on the date they converted to term loans, left in the revolving column even after the conversion to term, or allow an entity to make a policy election for which of these approaches to take.
Any loans that converted to term loans based on a subsequent credit decision would be included in the column that corresponded to the year of that credit decision.
Any loans that converted from revolving to term without a subsequent credit decision, i.e. those that were written into the original contract of the loan, would be included in a new column on the disclosure specifically for that purpose.
Abrigo’s Take: In this case, it seems like FASB found a pretty elegant solution to this tricky issue. By basing the inclusion in the term loans column on a subsequent credit decision, this should allow institutions to utilize data fields they are already tracking for other purposes (Last Renewal Date, for example) to also track which vintage year column the loan should appear in for this disclosure. However, institutions may have to look closely at what types of products they have that would fall into the new category outlined here, and make sure that those products are able to be identified for proper placement in this disclosure. Once those product types are identified, it should be simply a matter of combining those product types with whatever revolving indicator is already being used to determine what term loans should fall into this category.
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2019-04-19T18:38:57Z
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https://www.abrigo.com/blog/category/portfolio-risk-cecl/
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DRAWING ANIME in an AMERICAN STYLE! Drawing ALL MIGHT!
Philadelphia Fine Art Fair (PFAF) closed its first edition on Sunday, April 7, 2019, bringing established, local collectors resulting in strong sales for the fair’s 34 exhibitors who presented established contemporary work. Thousands were in attendance over the course of the 4-day event, including representatives from major local publications, like John M. Colabelli, Publisher of Philadelphia Style Magazine and well-known collectors like Cecily Sherman, Babette Snyder and Jerry Wind, among others. Applications are now being accepted: https://philfinartfair.com The inaugural fair presented 34 international exhibitors hailing from 19 cities, featuring 300 renowned artists from around the world, including Cuba, Latin America, and Europe. Held in the historic 23 rd Street City Troop Armory, PFAF outfitted the space with the high-level production typical of an international art fair. Rick Friedman, Philadelphia Fine Art Fair’s Director, commented: “There is a vibrant arts community here in Philadelphia, with world class museums, art schools, and an avid collector base but the region was lacking a contemporary art fair to call its own. This show connected our fantastic line up of exhibitors to the contemporary arts community of Philadelphia, bringing a unique opportunity to local collectors to discover exciting work by emerging and established artists from around the world. I’m grateful we were able to offer this experience to the community and bring Philadelphia its own contemporary art fair.” Sales throughout the weekend were active, with gallerists reporting artworks ranging between $3,000 – $30,000 selling particularly well. Booths that showcased special exhibitions, like Rojas Ford Fine Art’s Latin American Masters Pavillion or Walker Fine Art’s “Magical World of MC Escher” display brought in immense interest and sold well. PFAF closed after a weekend of special programming including panel discussions, book signings, artist Q&As with David Datuna, Chad Fisher, and Hunt Slonem and a film screening. VIP tickets were quickly sold out ahead of the fair and on Thursday night VIP guests were treated to a top-tier party co-hosted by artnet and Philadelphia Style Magazine. The weekend not only brought in many art patrons and established collectors from the Main Line and Philadelphia, but emerging collectors who have taken an interest in contemporary art. Exhibitors were particularly impressed by how knowledgeable the fairgoers were and local gallerists were thrilled to be introduced to an entirely new and passionate collector base. The weekend not only brought in many art patrons and established collectors from the Main Line and Philadelphia, but emerging collectors who have taken an interest in contemporary art. Exhibitors were particularly impressed by how knowledgeable the fairgoers were and local gallerists were thrilled to be introduced to an entirely new and passionate collector base.
Editor Joshua Rose chats with gallery owner Gene Waddell about turquoise and Native American jewelry.
We caught up with ceramist Cliff Lee at the 2015 ACC Baltimore craft show. The neurosurgeon-turned-potter talks about his life, its unique challenges, and the joy he finds in meeting customers and other artists.
Come join professional artist Dena Tollefson in her art studio! Thank you to Charles Wright, Editor of Voyage Dallas Magazine for publishing this this interview about my art background and inspirations. Here is a link to the article voyagedallas.com/interview/meet-dena-tollefson Find Dena Tollefson's favorite art supplies at https://www.amazon.com/shop/dena_tollefson As an Amazon Influencer, Tollefson receives compensation at no additional cost to you. My technique can be done in either oil paint and acrylic paint. Tollefson uses both palette knives and spoons to paint 3D, touchable, textured works of art on canvas. Be sure to subscribe to her channel for more painting tips. Learn more at her website https://www.denatollefson.com Tollefson is a Christian and her artwork is positive message, uplifting and healing. Collectors use her paintings for meditation, calming, and healing thought. Artist’s Statement: I am a Colorist and am known for contemporary realism focusing on botanicals and landscapes, especially ponds, flowers and skies. My sky paintings are my idea of how God created Earth with one breath. Every morning and every evening He creates a new sky for us. I employ vigorous brushwork and texture through the palette knife in my work so that people may experience along with me the "feel" of the painting. I find mosaics fascinating how the individual pieces all contribute to the whole- I want my paintings to have a similar idea where overlapping petals of paint all stand on their own and then contribute to the total. My work known as "Daubism" is created using a palette knife where each stroke of color is isolated from the others. Most paintings will have hundreds of different colors, these colors are all individually hand-mixed from a limited set of colors creating unique colors which relate to one another. I am striving for a sensual, tactile surface in paint." "I am always excited when someone connects with my artwork- I am delighted to share a vision of color and beauty with my collectors"- Dena Tollefson Dena Tollefson is an American artist whose bold contemporary paintings focus on joyful use of color, texture and movement, creating a low relief effect in paint- a hybrid between low relief sculpture, mosaic, and traditional painting. She is known for floral painting, especially how to paint sunflowers. Dena Tollefson (nee Dena Schaefer), born 1965, is a full-time, professional artist. Tollefson graduated from Iowa State University in 1988 and lived in Dallas Texas before returning to Iowa in 1991 where she developed her unique, highly textured painting style. She lives in Cedar Rapids, Iowa with her husband and family. Tollefson is represented in galleries nationally in New Mexico, California, Iowa, Wisconsin and Illinois. Her "Daubism" body of work is a unique process she developed, where "daubs" of individually mixed paint are applied with a palette knife. The largest daubs are applied with a serving spoon, allowing ridges of paint which catch the light and appear to dance and scintillate as the viewer moves past the painting. Tollefson’s work focuses on botanicals, ponds, skies, and her Corn Series of work, biographies where people are depicted as ears of corn. Her work is highly tactile. Museum, Corporate & Selected Private Collections Cedar Rapids Museum of Art, Cedar Rapids, IA. Farm Credit Services Omaha, NE Terso Solutions Corporation Madison, WI Iowa Department of Human Services, Cedar Rapids, IA Genesis Hospital, Davenport, IA Monsanto Corporation St Louis, MO Ronald McDonald Facility/Unity Point Health Cedar Rapids, IA Ruberry, Stalmack and Garvey Law Firm Chicago, IL Marion Arts Council Marion, IA Mercy Hospital Cedar Rapids, IA PCI Cardiologists Inc., Cedar Rapids, Iowa St Luke’s Hospice Cedar Rapids, IA StarcomMediaVest CEO, Chicago, IL St Luke’s hospital, Cedar Rapids, IA. United Fire and Casualty Owner, Cedar Rapids, IA Mableton Bank, Mabelton, GA Lil’ Drug Stores CEO, Scottsdale, AZ Two of Dena Tollefson's paintings are in the permanent collection of the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art. Her work hangs publicly and in private collections throughout the world.
https://shop.americanartdecor.com/collections/chalkboards/products/wood-metal-chalkboard-message-board-with-barn-doors American Art Decor Rolling Barn Door Chalkboard Message Board Add some country charm to your home decor with this clever barn door chalkboard organizer message center. Embodying a true mix of rustic and contemporary, this piece showcases the lovely interplay of distressed wood and metal existing side by side. The classic combination of wood and metal is one of the most iconic elements of farmhouse decor, yet these timeless materials also make it easy to incorporate into a wide variety of styles. The centered chalkboard is sandwiched between two columns of gorgeous galvanized sheets of metal, leaving ample space for additional sticky notes and such. Plus, if you decide to close the barn doors, it cleans up the clutter and serves as a beautiful home decor piece. And with keyhole slots for easy hanging, set-up is a breeze. Add some country-chic style to your contemporary kitchen with a staple piece that provides great function and form. PRODUCT SPECS: Dimensions: 31.75" W x 32.25" H x 2.25" D Door dimensions: 7.75" W x 28" H x .375" D Chalkboard dimensions: 27.75" H x 13.75" W Weight: 12.9 lbs FEATURES/BENEFITS: Large message area - Lots of room for recipes, grocery lists, or leaving cute little notes for loved ones, this countrified chalkboard has room for it all. Rolling barn doors - Cover up your messages or that recipe you jotted down in a hurry with these cleverly designed sliding barn doors; giving this piece extra charm and notoriety. Country charm - Planked wood and distressed metal bring a rustic farmhouse look to your home. Versatile - Whether you use it for the kitchen, game room or garage, this clever message board will fit in nicely no matter where you find a home for it. Easy to hang - Outfitted with keyhole slots for easy installation, this message board is a breeze to set up.
Henry Taylor makes paintings that confront the increasingly visible racial tensions between law enforcement and the communities they serve. In this studio visit, he discusses his process and source imagery.
Watch Contemporary American Impressionist Lisa Palombo paint irises in the world renowned Presby Memorial Iris Gardens (Montclair, NJ U.S.A.). She takes the painting, "Unfurling" to finish in her studio gallery. For more information on the artist visit www.lisapalombo.com, [email protected] Credit: Production by Michael Laddey @ BlackBoard, Hoboken, NJ Contemporary American Impressionist Lisa Palombo began her formal art education at the age of nine while spending summers at the acclaimed Rhode Island School of Design (RISD). She later graduated from RISD with honors. She also completed graduate studies in Fine Art at the European Honors Program in Rome, Italy. Palombo produces magical florals, waterscapes, still lifes and equine art in a unique style that is unmistakable in her expressive brushwork and fearless use of color. She is considered a master of color and the natural form. Palombo not only paints, but also regularly blogs and speaks at public venues. Her work has been featured on more than 40 book covers, including several New York Times bestsellers as well as showcased in Art & Antiques Magazine, Southern Living, The Artist’s Magazine, American Art Review and a Columbia Pictures movie, The Bounty Hunter. Palombo is listed in the National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, D.C., and the Marquis Who’s Who in American Art. Her paintings are featured in the books The Best of Oil Painting, Exploring Color, The Best of American Oil Artists (Vol. II) and Lisa Palombo: American Impressionist. Her work can also be found in select galleries and in private and corporate collections throughout the U.S.A.
Native American Art magazine sits down with Mark Sublette, the owner of Medicine Man Gallery in Tucson, Arizona, to discuss weavings, particularly Navajo blankets.
Richard McKinley art Music, Ernesto Cortazar Richard McKinley has been a professional working artist / teacher for over 40 years. His work is represented in several national galleries and is in the permanent collection of the Butler Institute of American Art Museum (Ohio), City of Albuquerque (New Mexico), and the Hang Ming Shi Museum (China). He holds artist membership at the Salmagundi Club in NYC and has participated in their American Masters Exhibition. He holds Master Pastelist designation with the Pastel Society of America and in 2010 was inducted into their Hall of Fame at the National Arts Club in NYC. In 2012, Richard was designated Pastel Laureate by the Pastel Society of the West Coast. His oil and pastel paintings have been featured in numerous National / International art publications including: Southwest Art, American Artist, Workshop magazine, Artist magazine, Practique des Arts (France), and since 2003 has been a frequent contributing editor to Pastel Journal. He has been featured in 7 instructional DVDs and included in numerous art books. Years of his published materials were compiled in 2010 by North Light publications into the bestselling book: “Pastel Pointers, Top Secrets for Beautiful Pastel Paintings”. In 2015 a coffee table sized book; “The Landscape Paintings of Richard McKinley” featuring over 100 of Richard’s pastel and oil paintings with commentary was published by North Light Books. An avid plein air landscape painter, Richard divides his time between painting the locations he is passionate about, reinterpreting those paintings back in the studio, writing about art matters, and instructing painting workshops. For more information please visit: www.mckinleystudio.com or follow him on Facebook at www.facebook.com/McKinleyFineArt PERSONAL STATEMENT: Concerning induction into the Pastel Society of America Hall of Fame, “I am humbled to be in such company, and grateful to my mentors for the opportunities that have come my way. Every blank surface provides the same intimidation and every day spent painting, a new challenge. My goal is to capture a piece of the spontaneous dance of light across the palette of nature. I hope my pieces are like a glance when we see something that makes us linger for a moment.” Richard McKinley http://mckinleystudio.com/about I do not own the right in any of the song and imaged used in this video. I have used the song and images for purely entertainment purposes only. No copyright infringement is required.
Lillian Pitt is an accomplished artist who has been exhibiting her contemporary sculpture, carvings, masks, glass, wearable art, and works on paper for over twenty years. One of the indigenous people of the Columbia River Gorge, she is called by her Indian name, Wak'amu (Strongly Rooted), by elders of the Warm Springs/Wasco and Yakama tribes. The term might also describe her art, for although her approach to form and materials is eclectic and contemporary, her intriguing metaphors are always rooted in her Native American tradition. She says this about her work: "I use the ancient stories of my ancestors as a basis for the imagery I create. By doing this I maintain the memory of an ancient culture and keep the beliefs of my people alive. We have forgotten how to live in harmony with nature. Accessing this vast reservoir of traditional information and translating it into contemporary terms jogs our memories and provides points of reference to achieving balance within ourselves, our community and the world. My ancestors have a 10,000-year history in the Columbia River Gorge. Much of my work has to do with the preservation and care of the environment along this ancient waterway." Lillian is pleased to announce that she has won the Earle A. Chiles Award for 2007. Established in 1983, this is a $15,000 award given annually by the High Desert Museum to an individual for accomplishments in promoting thoughtful management of the natural and cultural resources of the Intermountain West. The award acknowledges Lillian for creating images that sustain ancient Columbia Plateau cultures and beliefs, and for promoting harmony within people, communities and nature. Lillian Pitt was also the recipient of the Governor's Award of the Oregon Arts Commission in 1990, which declared that she had made, "significant contributions to the growth and development of the cultural life of Oregon. She is known nationally and internationally for her Raku and Anagama fired ceramic and bronze masks and "Shadow Spirit" totem images based on traditional symbols and spirits of her Columbia River ancestors. Her repertoire has expanded to include monumental bronze sculpture, sometimes reflecting the theme of Salmon migration. One recurring image, "She Who Watches," is based on a Columbia River petroglyph which represents the last of the Woman Chiefs. Seen in multiple medias, she makes tributes to She Who Watches. Lillian's art has been exhibited and reviewed in the U.S., Europe, New Zealand, and Japan. Her work has been commissioned by numerous museums and organizations and is in several collections, including the University of Washington's Burke Museum, the Sapporo City Hall, Sapporo, Japan and the prestigious Heard Museum in Phoenix, AZ. A traveling retrospective of her work, "Spirits Keep Whistling Me Home," was launched in 1999 at the Museum at Warm Springs on her native reservation in Oregon and has been exhibited at other museums nationwide. In May, 2007, her work received the Best in Show Award at the Second Annual "In the Spirit" Contemporary Northwest Native Arts Exhibit. The July - August 2007 issue of Native Peoples Magazine features Lillian and one of her cast glass masks on the cover. With the turn of the millennium, Lillian's art took on an even larger dimension, as she and a team of Native American artists were commissioned by the city of Portland, OR, the Oregon Convention Center, Portland State University, City of Hillsboro, Central Oregon Community college in Bend, and a variety of other municipalities, cultural institutions, and corporations to create public art projects. She welcomes these opportunities to share her Native American heritage and her ecological commitment with an expanded audience.
The Mitchell Museum of the American Indian in Evanston, Illinois has delved deep into its archives for its latest exhibit. On display are the custom clothes and adornments of Native Americans from across the U.S. and Canada. Phil Ponce of WTTW in Chicago reports.
From his studio in Long Island City, the artist Walter Robinson talks about finding his signature style of painting, the themes behind his work and his love of pulp fiction. "Fast Forward: Painting from the 1980s" is on view at the Whitney Museum from January 27–May 14, 2017. Learn more about the exhibition at https://whitney.org/Exhibitions/FastForward.
One of the most popular American artists of the past century, Norman Rockwell (1894-1978) was a keen observer of human nature and a gifted storyteller. For nearly seven decades, while history was in the making all around him, Rockwell chronicled our changing society in the small details and nuanced scenes of ordinary people in everyday life, providing a personalized interpretation—albeit often an idealized one—of American identity. His depictions offered a reassuring visual haven during a time of momentous transformation as our country evolved into a complex, modern society. Rockwell’s contributions to our visual legacy, many of them now icons of American culture, have found a permanent place in our national psyche. Original video produced by: Ford Motor Company. © 2007 Ford Motor Company. All Rights Reserved. Remastered by permission: Norman Rockwell Museum © 2017 Norman Rockwell Museum. All Rights Reserved.
Native American artist Tony Tiger gives Oklahoma Magazine a brief introduction to the work of Allan Houser. Video shot and edited by James Avery. See more daily Oklahoma content at http://www.okmag.com.
In our August/September issue, we profile artists, organizations, and programs – from Jaime Guerrero and Theaster Gates to the Queens Museum and Creative Forces, an NEA military healing arts network – who are trying to bring craft skills and understanding to a broader audience. Read more at craftcouncil.org/magazine.
Artist and philosopher, Sherab "Shey" Khandro's deepest wish is to nourish and inspire the hearts and minds of others. She accomplishes this through paintings, sculpture and philosophical reflections focused on art, spirituality and the experiences of modern life. Sedona has consistently been voted in the top 10 Small Town Art Destinations by the reader of American Style Magazine, and this year Goldenstein Gallery for the fifth year in a row was voted Best Gallery in Sedona by the readers of Kudos as well as being voted Best in Sedona by the Readers of the Sedona Red Rock News. In 2009 they also received the Mayor's Arts Award in Sedona as a business that has heavily contributed to the growth of the arts as a living entity in Sedona and in January of 2011 they received the Pride of Arizona Award for Best Gallery. Goldenstein Gallery is known for its diversity of world-renowned local and regional artists in all media and styles. A multi-award winning gallery, they consistently surprise collectors with the unexpected. Believing that art is a living breathing experience, the gallery regularly hosts a wide range of stimulating events that are free to the public. A name synonymous with style and innovation, they are in their second decade of delighting local and visiting collectors.
Watch as I create a planner layout using the same techniques, tools and supplies used for art journaling. Thank you for watching! Rachelle Don't forget to LIKE, SUBSCRIBE, COMMENT & SHARE! ❤ ❤ ❤ In this video I used: Tim Holtz Stamp Platform http://amzn.to/2yYFLJj Tim Holtz Distress Oxide inks https://amzn.to/2yF8BjS -- Spiced Marmalade -- Fossilized Amber -- Vintage Photo -- Black Soot Distress Ink Clickable Letter Stamp Sets https://amzn.to/2ScFPhO Christmas Tree Sticker from JD + Brooklyn http://jdandbrooklyn.com Use Code: RACHELLE20 for 20% off your order WORD STICKERS: - Freebie from Emily Cuply Plans https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWAR1dKe_6V1WsrlVBAVS_w - PaperCrownPlanner https://www.etsy.com/shop/PaperCrownPlanner #planwithme #artjournalplanner #diyplanner Visit My Amazon Shop http://amazon.com/shop/scrapcraftastic Mystics Little Gifts http://mysticslittlegifts.com Use Code: RACHELLE20 for 20% off your order Coco's Vision https://www.etsy.com/shop/CocosVision Use Code: RACHELLE20 for 20% off your order Sophisticrate http://bit.ly/sophisticrate Use Code: RACHELLE10 to save 10% off your order! Earn money while you're shopping https://www.ebates.com/r/HARRIS7979?eeid=35022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GENERAL TOOLS I USE FOR PLANNING AND CRAFTING: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PAPERS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HP Paper 32lb 8.5 x 11 500 Sheets http://amzn.to/2q9XUj4 Legal Paper http://amzn.to/2svlOd5 Sticker Paper http://amzn.to/2tSufQl TOOLS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tim Holtz Stamp Platform http://amzn.to/2yYFLJj Adjustable 6 hole punch http://amzn.to/2xlKQvu Self Healing Cutting Mat US Art Supply 24" x 36" http://amzn.to/2mL5z8I Tim Holtz Idea-ology12 InchDesign Ruler http://amzn.to/2mvuUCR Tonic Studios Tim Holtz Kushgrip Non Stick Scissors http://amzn.to/2mRW4ER Fiskars 12 Inch SureCut Deluxe Craft Paper Trimmer http://amzn.to/2mayEGk Martha Stewart Crafts Scoring Board and Envelope Tool http://amzn.to/2mcl1HI We R Memory Keepers Crop-A-Dile Corner Chomper Tool http://amzn.to/2mcauwi ADHESIVES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Art Glitter Glue http://amzn.to/2yYwz7R Precision Tip Glue Applicator Bottle http://amzn.to/2l1DIlz Fabri-Tac http://amzn.to/2Adwamm Scor-Tape http://amzn.to/2zRD1k8 PRINTERS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canon MX472 Wireless All-In-One Inkjet Printer (Discontinued by Manufacturer) Other Options: http://amzn.to/2xb7ZUk Brother HL-2270DW Compact Laser Printer http://amzn.to/2yjUQbN HP - DeskJet 2624 http://amzn.to/2tCSQtx HP Instant Ink http://try.hpinstantink.com/jQVSw ***************************************************************** LET'S CONNECT Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/scrapcraftastic Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/scrapcraftastic Facebook Group - https://www.facebook.com/groups/scrapcraftastic/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/scrapcraftastic Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/scrapcraftastic ***************************************************************** MORE SCRAPCRAFTASTIC For new releases, please be sure to check out the shop on my Website: http://scrapcraftastic.com Shop: http://shop.scrapcraftastic.com Etsy Shop: https://www.etsy.com/shop/scrapcraftastic ***************************************************************** MORE RACHELLE Visit my other site at http://designsbyrachelle.com and check my Pre-made Ebook Covers and see what other graphic design services I offer. ***************************************************************** Send Me Stuff If You Want... Designs By Rachelle LLC Scrapcraftastic P.O. Box 607225 Orlando, FL 32860 ***************************************************************** DISCLAIMER: The opinions expressed in this video are my own. Some links may be affiliate link(s) to the same or similar products used as well as other related and unrelated products. An affiliate link means I may earn advertising / referral fees if you make a purchase through my link, without any extra cost to you. It helps to keep this channel afloat. Thank you for your support.
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2019-04-21T08:19:49Z
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http://micronationhistory.info/search?q=American%20art%20style%20magazine
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KINGSTON, Jamaica (JIS) -- Chairman of Jamaica’s Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Review Commission and former prime minister, Bruce Golding, says CARICOM is not a failure, having achieved successes in several areas.
“I think we have done very well in terms of functional cooperation. If every country in CARICOM had to set up their own examination system, instead of having the Caribbean Examinations Council, it would be difficult for much of the smaller islands that have fewer resources than we do,” Golding said.
He was speaking at a youth forum hosted by the CARICOM Review Commission at the University of the West Indies Regional Headquarters, on Thursday, September 22.
The CARICOM Review Commission is the brainchild of Prime Minister Andrew Holness. It has been tasked to examine Jamaica’s role in the regional bloc and how it has impacted the country’s development.
Golding also cited institutions such as the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) and the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) as successful areas of cooperation.
“We are all subject to natural disasters, and the response to natural disasters when they occur requires institutional building, capabilities, and it requires management. If every country had to set up (one) for itself, then you see the difficulties that many countries would have,” Golding said.
The former prime minister also argued that CARICOM is important for foreign policy coordination.
“There is strength in numbers. We have, in fact, been able to exert a significant amount of influence in some of the major councils of the world, simply because when we go there we have 14 votes,” the chairman said.
“I know of some occasions where there are some contentious issues in the Organization of American States and the United Nations, where balance is so close that 14 votes can make a difference, and that’s when the biggest of the big come knocking on our doors,” Golding added.
For his part, minister of state in the ministry of education, youth and information, Floyd Green, encouraged the youth to submit suggestions to the CARICOM Review Commission.
On the issue of integration, Green said this is being undermined “by the fact that it is so expensive for us to travel among our CARICOM states”.
He also mentioned that the University of the West Indies is becoming less integrated based on the make-up of the population on the campuses.
At the forum, the youth shared on issues such as regional integration and immigration.
CARICOM is a grouping of 20 countries: 15 member states and five associate members. It is home to approximately 16 million citizens, 60 percent of whom are under the age of 30, and from the main ethnic groups of indigenous peoples, Africans, Indians, Europeans, Chinese and Portuguese.
Topical issues such as trade practices, the treatment of Jamaicans travelling to other CARICOM countries, contrasts emerging between CARICOM’s strategies and goals and those of individual countries and how these can be reconciled are also to be explored by the Commission.
(CARICOM Secretariat, Turkeyen, Greater Georgetown, Guyana) Senior officials from CARIFORUM and the European Union (EU) will meet on 26 September 2016 in Bridgetown, Barbados in an effort to take forward dialogue on potential cooperation opportunities in the Caribbean Region in the area of intellectual property (IP).
The one-day forum, entitled CARIFORUM-EU Workshop on Intellectual Property (IP) Tools, Networks and Cooperation Opportunities, is jointly organized by the CARIFORUM Directorate of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat and the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), in partnership with the Delegation of the European Union to Barbados, the Eastern Caribbean States, OECS and CARICOM/CARIFORUM.
This Workshop is made possible with support from EUIPO and the 10th European Development Fund (EDF) Caribbean Regional Indicative Programme (CRIP). The EUIPO is responsible for managing the EU trade mark and the registered Community design. The Office also works with the IP offices of the EU Member States and international partners to offer a similar registration experience for trade marks and designs across Europe and the world.
The Director-General of the CARIFORUM Directorate, Mr. Percival Marie, stated "the expectation is that the Workshop will foster exchange of knowledge and experience." Mr. Marie applauded the joint initiative and expressed the hope that, in so far as the forum is designed to bring together a cross-section of stakeholders, it will ultimately contribute to enhanced cooperation.
This cooperation is especially pertinent in the context of the CARIFORUM-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), which was signed in 2008. The Agreement includes a chapter on Innovation and Intellectual Property. The objectives of the chapter in question are set out in Article 132. Broadly, the intent of this chapter is to foster the development of CARIFORUM innovation systems so as to enhance the competitiveness of CARIFORUM firms, and there is recognition that the protection and enforcement of IP contributes to fostering creativity, innovation and competitiveness. In this regard, the provisions of the chapter also delve into the legislative and administrative environments which are required in order to provide protection of IP. Of note are the references in the chapter to cooperation between the Parties, for instance, support to be extended to CARIFORUM so that States may develop and enforce the protection of IP.
In this context, the Workshop will gather representatives drawn from CARIFORUM States' IP Offices, the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Commission, the Caribbean Export Development Agency, the Caribbean Development Bank, EU Delegation offices and EU Member States' missions in the Region, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the Caribbean Unit of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Resource persons from the CARICOM Secretariat and the EUIPO will also be on hand.
In a planned panel discussion, representatives of CARIFORUM States' IP Offices will be afforded the opportunity to highlight their needs. Moreover, the EUIPO will call attention to its experience with respect to international cooperation, networks and tools, complemented by an overview thereafter—by the EU Delegation Office in Barbados—of EU priorities for the Caribbean Region.
A joint brainstorming session is slated to take emerging perspectives into consideration, with a view to identifying potential areas of cooperation in IP, such as Geographical Indications. In this connection, the expectation is that the Workshop will culminate in an examination of next steps to further strengthen cooperation.
BRIDGETOWN, Barbados, Wednesday September 21, 2016 – President of the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) Dr Warren Smith has sounded a stern warning that Barbados was not yet out of the proverbial economic woods by a long shot. In fact, so worried is he about the country’s worsening debt situation that he suggested “front end adjustments” were urgently needed to correct the economic slide.
In a frank interview with Barbados TODAY, Smith also described the island’s overall fiscal position as “unsustainable”, while cautioning that if left unchecked, it would do untold damage to the Barbados dollar.
With that said Smith did not shy away from the dreaded “p” word – privatization –, naming Grantley Adams International Airport (GAIA) and the Bridgetown Port as “naturals” for divestment.
“Long gone are the days when Governments need to be involved in things such as airports and seaports,” Smith argued.
“We do not believe that these types of investments need to continue to be in the hands of Government,” he added.
While acknowledging there would be political consequences arising out of the sale of these perceived crown jewels, he said Barbados was not unique in that regard.
In fact, the Jamaican-born CDB president gave the example of that country’s divestment of its Sangster International Airport in Montego Bay, saying, “foreign investors have come in, they have pumped money into the expansion of the airport, which is now promoting the growth of their tourism industry”.
Smith also made reference to the recently privatized Port of Kingston, which he said was now attracting large investments, while stressing that air and seaports were “a means towards an end”.
In Barbados’ case, he emphasized that there was room for both domestic and foreign investment in GAIA and the Bridgetown Port, while pressing home his argument that “these are opportunities to relieve the fiscal burden that the Governments face, so that you can put your priority on other things”.
The CDB head insisted that Government would not be adversely impacted if the Port’s ownership and operation were in private hands, adding that in Barbados’ case the situation was urgent, since it placed the country’s fixed exchange rate under threat.
In addition to both ports, Smith suggested other state-held assets could be sold off, including the Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation. He argued that Government could find other mechanisms for getting its message out.
In response to Minister of Finance Chris Sinckler’s suggestion that many state entities were highly indebted and therefore would not be attractive for divestment, the regional banker zeroed in on the Transport Board, saying it would have to undergo a process of reform to reduce the current burden on the state.
However, Smith was adamant that privatization was among a raft of options that could be pursued, even though he acknowledged that the decision was not his to take.
By Andrea M. Ewart, Esq.
U.S. foreign and trade policy could look very different in 2017. Whether this is the case depends, of course, on who wins the Presidential elections on November 8th, 2016. At the same time, there is little reason to expect that any change will have a major impact on the current status of US-Caribbean relations.
Hillary Clinton as President will continue the general course of President Obama’s foreign and trade policy. With respect to the Caribbean, this policy has created some increased engagement with the region, notably in President Obama’s second term. President Obama’s 2015 meeting with CARICOM Heads of State in Jamaica is the highlight – not to be taken lightly given the countries/regions desirous of a visit from the U.S. President. The groundwork had already been laid by Vice President Biden’s meeting with CARICOM in Trinidad & Tobago, and the signature of the Trade & Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) in 2013. Since then, the U.S. and CARICOM meet bi-annually through the Trade & Investment Council (TIC) created by the TIFA.
Energy has received particular focus. After increasing levels of engagement in this area, President Obama initiated the Task Force for Caribbean and Central American Energy Security in 2015. Its goal is to diminish the vulnerability of small energy markets in the region to fluctuations in global energy markets.
The region can expect these key initiatives to continue under a President Clinton. Secretary of State Clinton was very focused on women and gender issues so this is one possible area of increased attention under her presidency.
The unknowns lie with a Trump presidency. Will the U.S. return to the “benign” neglect of the Caribbean, and indeed of any country or region that does not pose an immediate security or economic threat to the United States?
• Strengthen trade enforcement against countries that his Administration would label as “cheats” – this would include unilaterally raising tariffs and duties on the goods from some countries.
Some of these commitments, if implemented, would trigger a trade war. Economists have said this eventuality would push the U.S. and the world back into economic recession. Even if this worst case scenario did not occur, the region is unlikely to see heightened engagement under a Trump presidency.
A very good basis has been laid, nevertheless, that could allow the current status of US-Caribbean foreign and trade relations to continue under either candidate. There may not be a US-Caribbean Energy Summit under a President Trump. However, the important work takes place after and in-between such high-level events. Progress comes from the work of professional foreign policy officials and engaged civil society. The key deciding factor for the future of US-Caribbean relations continues to be the extent to which the region responds while proactively and consistently engaging the U.S. with its own agenda.
US-Cuba foreign and trade relations are considered separately by US policymakers. The topic is also of particular interest to the rest of the Caribbean.
Ms. Clinton and Mr. Trump have taken opposing positions on the US opening of Cuba. Ms. Clinton supports the current opening and lifting of the US embargo. Mr. Trump perhaps appreciates the business opportunities but has said he would be prepared to return the restrictions if Cuba does not give more religious and political freedoms to its citizens.
Andrea Ewart is a Jamaican national and US-trained customs and international trade attorney with her own firm, DevelopTradeLaw, LLC, which works with businesses, governments, and individuals to facilitate the successful movement of goods and services across national borders. Ms Ewart also consults for Caribbean businesses and governments on World Trade Organization (WTO), CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME), US-Caribbean trade relations, trade negotiations, and other trade issues.
KINGSTON, Jamaica -- At a recent regional workshop convened by the UN Environment - Caribbean Environment Programme, (UNEP CEP) in Jamaica from August 15-17, over 30 national and regional experts committed their support to the continued development of the region’s first state of marine environment report for the Caribbean Sea.
The development of the report will be financed by two regional projects funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) – the Caribbean and North Brazil Shelf Large Marine Ecosystems Project (UNDP/GEF CLME+) and the Integrating Water, Land and Ecosystem Management in Caribbean Small Island Developing States (GEF IWEco). The contributions from these two projects are expected to be in excess of US$100,000.
Addressing the experts during the workshop, Christopher Corbin, UNEP CEP’s programme officer with responsibility for its pollution sub-programme, explained that many countries in the wider Caribbean region have “limited data on the levels of pollution of their marine environments and that this was being compounded by inadequate national monitoring capacity”.
Corbin further highlighted that the lack of pollution data hindered the ability of governments to identify “pollution hot spots” and focus their Interventions in areas with the highest environmental and human health risks. According to recent UNEP reports, pollution continues to be one of the most significant threats to coastal and marine ecosystems and to public health in the wider Caribbean region.
This assessment report is expected to support harmonized regional approaches for managing transboundary pollution and to protect fragile coastal and marine resources.
(3) Gaining access to existing pollution-related information.
Improving knowledge about the state of the marine environment including identifying the major sources and impacts of pollution is one of the objectives of the Land Based Sources and Activities (LBS).
The LBS Protocol, which was adopted in 1999 and became law in 2010, requires countries in the wider Caribbean region to: “take all measures to prevent reduce and control pollution” of the Caribbean Sea.
The development of the region’s first state of environment report is just one of many ongoing activities by UNEP CEP and partners to provide capacity-building support that will enable regional governments to better assess the quantities, types, sources and impacts of land-based sources of marine pollution.
The first draft of the report is expected to be presented at the third conference of parties to the LBS Protocol to be held in early 2017.
MARGARITA ISLAND, Venezuela -- Only four Caribbean Community (CARICOM) leaders were among the kings, presidents and prime ministers of the 120-member Non Aligned Movement (NAM), which started its two-day summit in Margarita Island, Venezuela on Saturday -- and only two were expected to be present when the final declaration is adopted Sunday.
BRIDGETOWN, Barbados -- Regional tourism development agency, the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) and regional hospitality agency, the Caribbean Hotel & Tourism Association (CHTA) have signed a letter of agreement (LoA) to join other regional agencies and institutions representing climate sensitive sectors as joint tourism partners on the consortium of regional sectoral early warning information systems across climate timescales (EWISACTs) coordination partners currently being spearheaded by the Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH).
David Farrell, principal of the CIMH, which functions as the secretariat for the EWISACTs consortium, presented the LoA for signing to Hugh Riley, CTO secretary-general, and Karolin Troubetzkoy, CHTA president, during the State of the Tourism Industry Conference (SOTIC) in Bridgetown, Barbados.
"The CTO recognizes that there is an urgent need to develop initiatives to enhance tourism sector resilience to climate variability and extremes utilising a very holistic and proactive approach. Through this partnership, we will seek to develop climate information tools and services which can be used by the tourism industry, particularly public and private sector decision-makers to direct marketing efforts, inform policy formulation and guide decision-making," said Riley.
In the coming months, the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA), the Caribbean Agricultural Research & Development Institute (CARDI), the Caribbean Water and Wastewater Association (CWWA), and the Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA) will follow the lead of the CTO and the CHTA and sign the LoA to formalize their participation in the consortium.
Farrell noted, "The signing of this letter of agreement by the representatives of the regional tourism sector places the region at the leading edge of research and development activities geared at identifying, designing and delivering climate services solutions to advance the regional tourism sector. The CIMH looks forward to a long and successful partnership working with the CTO, CHTA and other climate sensitive sectors through the EWISACTs Consortium."
BRIDGETOWN, Barbados -- For many countries in the Caribbean, a successful tourism industry is critical to social and economic growth and development. However, an increasingly competitive global tourism market has meant that Caribbean countries must find ways to differentiate themselves, in order to continue to attract visitors.
One way to do this is to improve the level of service delivery that is provided by tourism-related micro, small and medium sized enterprises (MSMEs). The international Hospitality Assured Certification (HAC), which was developed specifically for tourism and tourism-related businesses, promotes a culture of service and business excellence. Businesses that have attained the HAC have signaled their commitment to service delivery, business excellence and continuous improvement.
The HAC process is supported by trained business advisors, who provide technical assistance to MSMEs seeking to become certified. As such, the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) has partnered with the Caribbean Tourism Organisation (CTO) to host a workshop for business advisors from the region. The workshop seeks to equip 16 participants with the necessary skills to advise on HAC processes for Caribbean MSMEs.
The workshop is taking place from September 5-9, at the CTO offices in Barbados. Speaking at the opening ceremony on September 5, Bonita Morgan, director, resource mobilization and development at the CTO, reminded participants that they are a critical part of the HAC process.
“You are the ones who help us to promote the programme, but also, you provide the technical assistance to the businesses to help them to meet the criteria to be able to strengthen their businesses and their processes and structures, to engage their employees and do the things that are really geared towards making the business experience a wonderful one, and so, you are a critical component of this process,” Morgan said.
CDB has provided funding in the amount of US$61,000 towards the workshop, through the bank’s Caribbean Technological Consultancy Services (CTCS) network.
“The CTCS network is the bank’s principal technical assistance programme, which seeks to enhance the managerial and operational capacities of micro, small and medium sized enterprises in the Bank’s borrowing member countries. This workshop is in keeping with interventions in that regard, where training is conducted to build the capacity of resource persons who are then required to provide technical assistance to MSMEs in their countries,” said Michel Thomas, operations officer (CTCS), CDB.
Workshop participants are from ten Caribbean countries: Anguilla, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Guyana, Jamaica, Monserrat, Saint Lucia, St Kitts and Nevis, St Vincent and the Grenadines and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
KINGSTON, Jamaica, Friday September 2, 2016 – Minister of Industry, Commerce, Agriculture and Fisheries Karl Samuda has called on commercial banks to lower interest rates on loans to single digit, to boost production and growth within the micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) sector.
He cited agriculture as one sector which cannot grow with an interest rate that currently exceeds four per cent.
Minister Samuda noted that 97 per cent of registered taxpayers are found within the MSME sector, “but the sector cannot hope to thrive at the pace necessary to get this economy rolling, unless we get to low single-digit interest charges”.
He made the comments at the closing ceremony of the 2016 Scotiabank Vision Achiever Programme on Wednesday.
Minister Samuda said the greatest challenge for the small-business sector is the inability to provide the level of collateral needed to access loans.
“If you don’t have it (collateral), your negotiating skills are diminished. With big collateral you can bargain and get the best rates. I think for Jamaica to really go forward, the philosophy of banking has to be altered somewhat, whereby the focus is more on the viability of the project than on the level of collateral that is offered,” he contended.
Meanwhile, Samuda commended Scotiabank on its Vision Achiever Programme. Under that initiative, 25 small and medium enterprise operators benefited from an intensive three-month coaching programme designed to achieve core competencies for running a successful business.
Caribbean countries are not alone in worrying about how de-risking is threatening their financial stability. The Commonwealth is not only noticing it but trying to come up with solutions.
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2019-04-24T13:02:34Z
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http://carib-commerce.org/index.php/news?start=60
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Dovetail promotes the idea that a dual kernel system should keep the functional overlap between the kernel and the autonomous core minimal. To this end, a task from such core should be merely seen as a regular task with additional scheduling capabilities guaranteeing very low and bounded response times. To support such idea, Dovetail enables kthreads and regular user tasks to run alternatively in the out-of-band execution context introduced by the interrupt pipeline (aka oob stage), or the common in-band kernel context for GPOS operations (aka in-band stage).
As a result, autonomous core applications in user-space benefit from the common Linux programming model - including virtual memory protection -, and still have access to the main kernel services when carrying out non time-critical work.
services for moving Linux tasks back and forth between the in-band and out-of-band stages in an orderly and safe way, properly synchronizing the operation between the two schedulers involved.
notifications about in-band events the autonomous core may want to know about for maintaining its own version of the current task’s state.
notifications about events such as faults, syscalls and other exceptions issued from the out-of-band execution stage.
integrated support for performing context switches between out-of-band tasks, including memory context and FPU management.
a Linux task running in user-space, or a kernel thread, need to initialize the alternate scheduling feature for themselves with a call to dovetail_init_altsched(). For instance, the EVL core does so as part of the attachment process of a thread to the autonomous core when evl_attach_self() is called by the application.
can switch between the in-band and out-of-band execution stages freely.
can emit out-of-band system calls the autonomous core can handle.
is tracked by Dovetail’s notification system, so that in-band and out-of-band events which may involve such task are dispatched to the core.
can be involved in Dovetail-based context switches triggered by the autonomous core, independently from the scheduling operations carried out by the main kernel.
Conversely, dovetail_stop_altsched() disables the notifications for a task, which is likely to be detached from the autonomous core later on.
a task which is currently scheduled by the autonomous core runs or sleeps on the out-of-band stage. At the same time, such task is deemed to be sleeping in TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE state for the main kernel.
conversely, a task which is controlled by the main kernel runs or sleeps on the in-band stage. It must be considered as blocked on the other side. For instance, the EVL core defines the T_INBAND blocking condition for representing such state.
since the out-of-band stage receives interrupts first, regardless of any interrupt masking which may be in effect for the ongoing in-band work, the autonomous core can run high-priority interrupt handlers then reschedule with no delay.
the process of switching stages is heavyweight, it includes a double scheduling operation at least (i.e. one to suspend on the exited stage, one to resume from the opposite stage).
only the out-of-band stage guarantees bounded response times to external and internal events. Therefore, a task which leaves the out-of-band stage for resuming in-band looses such guarantee, until it has fully switched back to out-of-band context at some point later.
at any point in time, the autonomous core keeps the CPU busy until no more task it knows about is runnable on that CPU, on the out-of-band stage. When the out-of-band activity quiesces, the core is expected to relinquish the CPU to the in-band stage by scheduling in the context which was originally preempted. This is commonly done by having a task placeholder with the lowest possible priority represent the main kernel and its in-band context linked to each per-CPU run queue maintained by the autonomous core. For instance, the EVL core assigns such a placeholder task to its SCHED_IDLE policy, which get picked when other policies have no runnable task on the CPU.
once the in-band context resumes, interrupt events which have no out-of-band handlers are delivered to the regular in-band IRQ handlers installed by the main kernel, if the virtual masking state allows it.
This call initializes the alternate scheduling context for the current task; this should be done once, before the task calls dovetail_start_altsched().
The alternate scheduling context is kept in a per-task structure of type _dovetail_altschedcontext which should be maintained by the autonomous core. This can be done as part of the per-task context management facility Dovetail introduces.
This call tells the kernel that the current task may request alternate scheduling operations any time from now on, such as switching out-of-band or back in-band. It also activates the event notifier for the task, which allows it to emit out-of-band system calls to the core.
This call disables the event notifier for the current task, which must be done before dismantling the alternate scheduling support for that task in the autonomous core.
There is a not-so-subtle but somewhat confusing distinction between running a Linux task out-of-band, and running whatever code from the out-of-band interrupt stage.
In the first case, the task is not controlled by the main kernel scheduler anymore, but runs under the supervision of the autonomous core. This is obtained by performing an out-of-band switch for a task.
In the other case, the current underlying context (task or whatever else) may or may not be controlled by the main kernel, but the interrupt pipeline machinery has switched the CPU to out-of-band mode, which means that only interrupts bearing the IRQF_OOB flag are delivered. Typically, run_oob_call() is a service provided by the interrupt pipeline which executes a function call over this context, without requiring the calling task to be scheduled by the autonomous core.
You will also find references to pseudo-routines called core_schedule(), core_suspend_task() or core_resume_task() in various places. Don’t look for them into the code, they don’t actually exist: those routines are mere placeholders for the corresponding services you would provide in your autonomous core. For instance, the EVL core implements them as evl_schedule(), evl_suspend_thread() and evl_release_thread().
You may want to keep this in mind when going through the rest of this document.
Switching out-of-band is the operation by which a Linux task moves under the control of the alternate scheduler brought in the main kernel by the autonomous core. From that point, the scheduling decisions are made by this core regarding that task.
either it has requested it explicitly using a system call provided by the autonomous core such as EVL’s evl_switch_oob().
or the autonomous core has forced such transition, in response to some request this task did, such as issuing a system call which can only be handled from the out-of-band stage. This behavior is enforced by the EVL core too.
this task calls dovetail_leave_inband(), which prepares for the transition, puts the caller to sleep (TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE) then reschedules immediately. At this point, the migrating task is in flight to the out-of-band stage. schedule() resumes the next in-band task which should run on the current CPU.
detect when a task is in flight to the out-of-band stage, so that we can notify the autonomous core for finalizing the migration process.
detect when a task is resuming on the out-of-band stage, which happens when the autonomous core switches context back to the current task, once the migration process is complete.
evl_switch_oob() implements the switch to out-of-band context in the EVL core, with support from evl_release_thread() and evl_schedule() for resuming and rescheduling threads respectively.
Switching in-band is the operation by which a Linux task moves under the control of the main scheduler, coming from the out-of-band execution stage. From that point, the scheduling decisions are made by the main kernel regarding that task, and it may be subject to preemption by in-band interrupts as well. In other words, a task switching in-band looses all guarantees regarding bounded response time; however, it regains access to the entire set of GPOS services in the same move.
it has requested it explicitly using a system call provided by the autonomous core such as EVL’s evl_switch_inband().
in response to some request this task did, such as issuing a regular system call which can only be handled from the in-band stage. Typically, this behavior is enforced by the EVL core.
because the task received a synchronous fault or exception, such as a memory access violation, FPU exception and so on. A demotion is required, because handling such events directly from the out-of-band stage would require a fair amount of code duplication, and most likely raise all sorts of funky conflicts between the out-of-band handlers and several in-band sub-systems. Besides, there is not much point in expecting real-time guarantees from a code that basically fixes up a situation caused by a dysfunctioning application in the first place.
a signal is pending for the task. Because the main kernel logic may require signals to be acknowledged by the recipient, we have to transition through the in-band stage to make sure the pending signal(s) will be delivered asap.
as extended by the interrupt pipeline support, this interface can be used from the out-of-band stage.
the handler is guaranteed to run on the CPU from which the request was issued. Because the in-band work will wait until the out-of-band activity quiesces on that CPU, this in turn ensures that all other operations we have to carry out from the out-of-band stage for preparing the migration are done before the task is woken up eventually.
the autonomous core blocks/suspends the migrating task, rescheduling immediately afterwards. For instance, the EVL core adds the T_INBAND block bit to the task’s state for this purpose.
at some point later, the out-of-band context is exited by the current CPU when no more out-of-band work is left, causing the in-band kernel code to resume execution at the latest preemption point. The handler scheduled at step #1 eventually runs, waking up the migrating task from the standpoint of the main kernel. The TASK_RUNNING state is set for the task.
the migrating task resumes from the tail scheduling code of the alternate scheduler, where it suspended in step #2. Noticing the migration, the core calls dovetail_resume_inband() eventually, for finalizing the transition of the incoming task to the in-band stage.
At the end of this process, the task has transitioned from a running state to a blocked state in the autonomous core, and conversely from TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE to TASK_RUNNING in the main scheduler.
evl_switch_inband() implements the switch to in-band context in the EVL core, with support from evl_suspend_thread() and evl_schedule() for suspending and rescheduling threads respectively.
the worse-case response time of such tasks only depends on the performance of a software core which has a limited complexity.
the main kernel’s logic does not have to cope with stringent bounded response time requirements, which otherwise tends to lower the throughput while making the design, implementation and maintenance significantly more complex.
core_schedule() is called over the PREV context for picking the NEXT task to schedule, by priority order. If PREV still has the highest priority among all runnable tasks on the current CPU, the sequence stops there. CAVEAT: the core must make sure to perform context switches from the out-of-band interrupt stage, otherwise weird things may happen down the road. run_oob_call() is a routine the interrupt pipeline provides which may help there. See the implementation of evl_schedule() in the EVL core for a typical usage.
If NEXT is not the low priority placeholder task but PREV is, we will be preempting the in-band kernel: in this case, we must tell the kernel about such preemption by a call to dovetail_resume_oob(). This routine saves all context deemed necessary to restore it later on when the core switches back to the in-band execution stage. Otherwise, if NEXT is the placeholder task, there is no out-of-band task waiting for the CPU, and we will branch back to the last preemption point that led to calling dovetail_resume_oob() during the converse transition.
dovetail_context_switch() is called, switching the memory context as/if required, and the CPU register file to NEXT’s, saving PREV’s in the same move.
the switch tail code in core_schedule(), if NEXT was running out-of-band prior to sleeping.
the switch tail code of schedule() if NEXT is completing an out-of-band switch.
The alternate scheduling context block of the outgoing task.
The alternate scheduling context block of the incoming task.
This routine performs an out-of-band context switch. It must be called with hard IRQs off. The arch-specific arch_dovetail_context_resume() handler is called by the resuming task before leaving dovetail_context_switch(). This weak handler should be overriden by a Dovetail port which requires arch-specific tweaks for completing the reactivation of next. For instance, the arm64 port performs the fpsimd management from this handler.
The alternate scheduling context block of the outgoing context, which should be the low priority placeholder task’s.
This routine informs the kernel that we are leaving the in-band context, right before resuming an out-of-band task. This allows the main kernel logic to save all the information that will be required to restore the in-band execution stage later on when the converse switch happens. The only call site of dovetail_resume_oob() should be in the core_schedule() implementation.
Once dovetail_start_altsched() has been called for a Linux task, it may receive events of interest with respect to running under the supervision of an autonomous core. Those events are delivered by invoking __weak handlers which should by overriden by this core.
If a processor exception is raised while the CPU is busy running a task on the out-of-band stage (e.g. due to some invalid memory access, bad instruction, FPU or alignment error etc.), the task has to leave such context before it may run the in-band fault handler. Dovetail notifies the core about incoming exceptions early from the low-level fault trampolines, but only when some out-of-band code was running when the exception was taken. The core may then fix up the current context, such as switching to the in-band execution stage.
Enabling debuggers to trace tasks running on the out-of-band stage involves dealing with debug traps ptrace() may poke into the debuggee’s code for breakpointing.
The notification is delivered to the handle_oob_trap() handler the core should override for receiving those events (__weak binding). handle_oob_trap() is passed the exception code as defined in arch/*/include/asm/dovetail.h, and a pointer to the register frame of the faulting context (struct pt_regs).
Interrupts are disabled in the CPU when this handler is called.
The autonomous core is likely to introduce its own set of system calls application tasks may invoke. From the standpoint of the main kernel, this is a foreign set of calls, which can be distinguished unambiguously from regular ones.
handle the request directly, possibly switching the caller to out-of-band context first if required.
pass the request downward to the normal system call path on the in-band stage, possibly switching the caller to in-band context if needed.
the call is delivered to the handle_oob_syscall() handler if the system call number is not in the valid range for the in-band kernel - i.e. it has to belong to the core instead -, and the caller issued the request from the out-of-band context. This is the fast path, when a task running out-of-band is requesting a service the core provides.
first by re-running handle_pipelined_syscall() in the in-band context coming from the out-of-band one.
then by passing the syscall to the regular in-band system call handler in the assembly entry code eventually, if it remained unhandled by handle_pipelined_syscall().
Interrupts are enabled in the CPU when any of these handlers is called.
The core may need to switch the calling task to the converse execution stage (i.e. in-band <-> out-of-band) either from the handle_oob_syscall() or handle_pipelined_syscall() handlers, this is fine. Dovetail would notice and reconcile its logic according to the current stage on return of these handlers.
The last set of notifications involves pure in-band events which the autonomous core may need to know about, as they may affect its own task management. Except for INBAND_PROCESS_CLEANUP which is called for any exiting user-space task, all other notifications are only issued for tasks bound to the core (which may involve kthreads).
The notification is delivered to the handle_inband_event() handler. Interrupts are enabled in the CPU when this handler is called.
The notification handler is given the event type code, and a single pointer argument which relates to the event type.
sent in preparation of a context switch, right before the memory context is switched to next.
sent when target is about to receive a signal. The core may decide to schedule a transition of the recipient to the in-band stage in order to have it handle that signal asap, which is required for keeping the kernel sane. This notification is always sent from the context of the issuer.
sent when p->task is about to move to CPU p->dest_cpu.
sent from do_exit() before the current task has dropped the files and mappings it owns.
sent before mm is entirely dropped, before the mappings are exited. Per-process resources which might still be maintained by the core could be released there, as all tasks sharing this memory context have exited. Unlike other events, this one is triggered for every user-space task which is being dismantled by the kernel, regardless of whether some of its threads were known from your autonomous core.
Your autonomous core will need to keep its own set of per-task data, starting with the alternate scheduling context block. To help in maintaining such information on a per-task, per-architecture basis, Dovetail adds the oob_state member of type struct oob_thread_state to the (stack-based) thread information block (aka struct thread_info) each kernel architecture port defines.
Note that we should not add all of the out-of-band state data directly into the oob_thread_state structure, because the latter is present in every task_struct descriptor, although only a few tasks may actually need it. Hence the backpointer to the evl_thread structure which only consumes a few bytes, so leaving it unused (NULL) for all other - in-band only - tasks is no big deal.
This call retrieves the address of the out-of-band data structure for the current task, which is always a valid pointer. The content of this structure is zeroed when the task is created, and stays so until your autonomous core initializes it.
Your autonomous core may also need to keep its own set of per-process data. To help in maintaining such information on a per-mm basis, Dovetail adds the oob_state member of type struct oob_mm_state to the generic mm descriptor structure (aka struct mm_struct).
The core may then retrieve the address of the structure for the current task by calling dovetail_mm_state(). The EVL core does not define any extended memory context yet, but it could be used to maintain a per-process file descriptor table for instance.
Catching the INBAND_PROCESS_CLEANUP event would allow you to drop any resources attached to the extended memory context information, since it is called when this data is no longer in use by any thread of the exiting process.
This call retrieves the address of the out-of-band data structure within the mm descriptor of the current task, which is always a valid pointer. The content of this structure is zeroed when the memory context is created, and stays so until your autonomous core initializes it.
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2019-04-22T03:05:35Z
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https://evenless.org/dovetail/altsched/
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You sign up using your Facebook account, it copies some basic information across (First name, age, intro and photo access) and you are away.
I’ve been trialing Tinder for a couple of months now and have drawn the following conclusions from the ever popular app.
A LOT of people use Tinder, in fact most people you know, single, not single who are maybe just bored are on the app. So if you are trying to go incognito, be aware that you will be seen by friends and colleagues.
The fact that its so simple to sign up, people appear very flippant with its use, I think it can just be a casual time filler for some.
It’s a bit like window shopping for partners. When you window shop you don’t necessarily buy or go in to try it on.
Due to the volume of people that use Tinder and how many matches you get, your window of opportunity with people is very very small, I’ll go into this more with my tips.
Your location can affect your results dramatically, if you do not live in a major city like London, then Tinder members will be very thin on the ground.
Tinder is not just a hook-up tool, yes admittedly some people use it for that but that’s just a reflection of real life. Be clear what you are looking for and you can meet some great people.
So… on to my Tinder tips, these are based on my experiences, I don’t claim to be a Tinder expert, but then who is?
You can create a separate Facebook account just for Tinder, lots of people advise you do this, personally I don’t see the point unless you feel you need to lie about your age. I just created a folder for pictures I wanted to use on Tinder just to make it easier and then you can edit the intro in Tinder itself, so no major dramas there.
The pictures are crucial, its pretty much all anyone has to go on when they within a few seconds decide to swipe left or right. Make sure your picture is not too dark. I come across this a lot, you get a silhouette of a picture where you can’t see the person at all…. It’s an immediate swipe left, either increase the brightness or DON’T use the picture.
DON’T put a group picture on as your first photo, otherwise no one will know which one you are. DO put a group picture in on a later one but make sure the people you are with are not those extra trendy stunning model worthy mates who show you up to be the lesser well blessed with looks. So many times I’ve seen group shots and the individual is clearly trying to make themselves better looking by association, it doesn’t work.
DO put up more than one picture, its hard to see what someone looks like from just one picture, especially if it’s not that good.
DO make sure the resolution of the picture is ok, once you select it, check your profile and make sure its not too fuzzy. I don’t know how people manage to do it but A LOT of peoples pictures are virtually unrecognisable.
DO NOT wear sunglasses in your pictures, I realise that a lot of people take pictures in the sun or on holiday, but don’t use those for Tinder. Putting up pictures where your face is 1/3rd covered by your chosen tinted plastic is not a great start.
This may seem obvious but I’ve been astounded by this one. If it’s a bad picture of you, DO NOT put it up. If you find it hard to get a picture then ask a friend to take one, its so easy on mobiles now to even post them straight to Facebook in seconds.
DO NOT use professional shoot pictures. You know the ones you get for a present to have a modeling experience? I come across these a lot. They are not an accurate representation of what you look like, you may look great in them but risk your potential date blowing you out when they realise you don’t look like your highly Photoshopped pictures in person.
So in summary, your profile is all about your pictures, this will make or break your success on matches so make sure you get it right.
As already mentioned, competition is fierce on Tinder, you have to act fast with any matches. Women especially take note on how quickly you message them after a match. Yes they do wait for you to message them, its rare to get a first message from a women. So when you have a match, instigate a conversation as quickly as you can.
Due to the volume of matches most people get, you have to escalate that person quickly. What I usually do after a few tinder messages with someone I’m interested in meeting is offer to jump off Tinder and onto What’sapp or Text. How? This is the simple one liner I use “Hey I rarely use Tinder I don’t really have time for it, but id like to get to know you more, lets swap to What’sapp” and offer them your number. 98% of the time this works, the other 2% that either don’t respond at all, or come up with some excuse not to swap numbers are usually the ones that are not serious about meeting. It’s a fast way to filter those out.
DON’T get stuck in endless messaging on Tinder or What’sapp. You have to continue progressing that match, it’s fine to throw a few texts around to get a bit of a feel for a person but you need to progress that to a call and your goal a first date. Again if the person is very adverse to speaking on the phone, you may need to move on. It could be that they are not actually single or again just not serious about meeting and filling some time. Speaking on the phone makes you a person and not just a picture. Get a call in ASAP.
DON’T get stuck being the one who travels all the way to your date. There are some convenience only daters out there who are happy for their date to come to the pub/cafe at the end of their street but will never commit to anywhere outside of their area. Will not bode well when you have spent all that time traveling and you find out that they will never leave their comfort zone. Meeting half way between you is perfectly reasonable.
All being well you will get some great dates lined up, I recommend keeping it simple for the first couple of dates. A drink in a bar/pub a coffee in a nice cafe (not Starbucks). I’ve fallen into the trap of heavily investing in the initial first dates. Tinder dating is very casual and that’s how people treat it. DON’T go crazy otherwise you will be broke within a month. Keep diners and days out to the 3rd or 4th date when you know its going well. Your date will most likely be dating multiples that week too.
This may be a bit of a controversial statement but I advise if you have night spare for dating, then arrange at least two. It’s not uncommon to have a cancellation on the day leaving you with a night set aside and no date. I had three arranged one night and one by one two pulled out with very flaky excuses, this harks back to my statement of Tinder being very causal. If your potential date isn’t in the mood to have to glam up and hit the tube to travel to see you, then they will just cancel without too much thought. It’s not personal, but have at least one backup. It’s not hard to meet at least two people in one night, just make them aware that you are quite busy but have an hour or so to meet for a drink and stagger your evening.
I hope these tips will help you get started, Tinder is a great way to meet people, just remember not to take it too seriously, its just another avenue. Don’t use it as your only dating route.
If you have any tips of your own, leave me a comment below.
These were great points and very valid! I just started using Tinder a month ago and I really do like it. As a matter of fact I made a great connection with someone. SO we will see where it goes! Thanks for letting men know not to wait for the woman to send them a message once a match is made. Court court and court!
Thanks for the comment Monique, Tinder is certainly a good dating tool, you just have to be very good at filtering. Its a tough time of year to date right now also. Its holiday season and a lot of people are away although obviously still active on Tinder.
Seems to be a super popular topic! I was reading that a lot of the matches people get are just BOTS – sad. As if dating is not hard enough?
Id not really thought about that, there are certainly some that never reply to messages but that could also be down to them just not actively checking or wanting to date.
Excellent Tinder Tips – especially the multiple picture one. You’ve got to have something to swipe afterall.
Its surprising how many people use just one image and you can’t even see what they look like, using a few different ones gives a much more positive feel.
I think your tips are great, but would add one amendment: absolutely do NOT call a tinder before meeting them! It reeks of desperation and feels very confrontational and weird. A friend of mine backed out of a tinder date she was genuinely going to go on because the guy called her for a “chat” and when she didn’t answer he left her a really creepy voicemail!
Hey Emma thanks for the comment. Personally I like to speak to someone before meeting them, it can reduce nervousness about meeting on both sides. Speaking does give you an idea of what a person is like before you meet them, so granted if they are weird you have a chance to run for the hills. I don’t think it makes you seem desperate if you just have a very quick chat to say hi. I always suggest chatting to agree arrangements as its a lot easier than via text. Generally I always wonder why someone would refuse to talk on the phone before meeting, that makes me much more suspicious.
Hi, as an ex Tinder addict I found this interesting. I have written about it on my blog.
Hey, haha a fellow addict hey? As much as Tinder gets a bad rep, I always find myself using it. Why? Because it does work.
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2019-04-21T16:13:41Z
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http://swiperightdiaries.co.uk/my-random-thoughts/tinder-tips/
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Coccolithophores are a vital part of oceanic phytoplankton assemblages that produce organic matter and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) containing traces of other elements (i.e. Sr and Mg). Their associated carbon export from the euphotic zone to the oceans' interior plays a crucial role in CO2 feedback mechanisms and biogeochemical cycles. The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi has been widely studied as a model organism to understand physiological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes in marine sciences. Here, we show the inter-strain variability in physiological and biogeochemical traits in 13 strains of E. huxleyi from various biogeographical provinces obtained from culture collections commonly used in the literature. Our results demonstrate that inter-strain genetic variability has greater potential to induce larger phenotypic differences than the phenotypic plasticity of single strains cultured under a broad range of variable environmental conditions. The range of variation found in physiological parameters and calcite Sr:Ca highlights the need to reconsider phenotypic variability in paleoproxy calibrations and model parameterizations to adequately translate findings from single strain laboratory experiments to the real ocean.
Copyright: © 2016 Blanco-Ameijeiras et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work was funded by the "European Project on Ocean Acidification" (EPOCA) (which received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 211384) and partly by the Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) and by the Center of Excellence "The Future Ocean" to ML; the Abbey-Santander Internationalization Fund, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), and Ministry of Science and Education (Government of Spain) to SBA; the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Brasil (CNPq, Processo: 405585/2013-6) to MNM; and ERC-STG-240222PACE for funding HS and AMV. Strains RCC1212 and RCC1258 were obtained from the RCC through the ASSEMBLE program (FP7-227799). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
The coccolithophore species Emiliania huxleyi belongs to a group of unicellular photosynthetic protists covered by plates of calcite (CaCO3) termed coccoliths . Coccolithophores are major producers of CaCO3 and key players in the Earth's climate system . They contribute to the biological carbon pump via the combined effects of calcification, photosynthesis, and the downward transport of particulate material to the oceans' interior . Although there are numerous extant coccolithophore species, E. huxleyi is used as a model species in many physiological , ecological , oceanographic , paleoceanographic , and modelling studies because of its global importance and the ease to culture it under a broad range of environmental conditions .
Emiliania huxleyi harbors a genome constituted by core genes plus genes distributed variably amongst strains, which supports a considerable intra-species variability . This enables E. huxleyi to form large seasonal blooms in temperate waters and subpolar regions under a wide variety of environmental conditions . Based on the morphological identity of the coccoliths, E. huxleyi is separated in seven morphotypes , although the relationship between geographic origin and morphotype genetic distance is unclear . Within the species concept of E. huxleyi, numerous diploid non-calcifying cells have been identified which lost the ability to form calcified scales following prolonged culture [10, 15] or unfavorable experimental conditions . Taking into account the morphological diversity found within the species concept of E. huxleyi a high physiological variability is expected.
The cosmopolitan distribution and bloom-forming capacity of E. huxleyi , its distinct optical features and sinking properties [18, 19] make E. huxleyi a suitable model organism for parameterization studies in Earth System modelling. The biogeochemical signature of E. huxleyi's coccoliths is used to develop paleoproxies because of their abundant fossil record starting in the Quaternary [20, 21]. The abundance of trace elements replacing Ca ions in calcite, such as strontium (Sr) and magnesium (Mg) is driven by thermodynamic, kinetic, and biological factors, facilitating the development of paleoproxies based on the ratio between the element of interest and calcium. The Sr:Ca ratio is used to estimate coccolithophore productivity , and the Mg:Ca ratio is used to reconstruct seawater temperature [23, 24] and track CO2 .Recently, the incorporation of boron (B) in the calcite has been related to seawater pH . However, phenotypic variability in coccolith elemental ratios is virtually impossible to address in sediment samples because only morphotypes can be differentiated.
In this study we characterize intra-species phenotypic variation and its implications in 13 strains of E. huxleyi measuring physiological parameters (growth rate, particulate organic and inorganic carbon content [POC and PIC], particulate inorganic: organic carbon [PIC:POC],particulate carbon:nitrogen [C:N]) and coccolith geochemistry (Sr:Ca and Mg:Ca ratios). The high variability observed in our results highlights the importance of account for inter-strain variability when using E. huxleyi as a model organism in marine studies ranging from experimental work to past ocean reconstructions and model parameterizations.
Monoclonal cultures of 13 E. huxleyi strains were obtained from the Provasoli-Guillard National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota (NCMA), the Roscoff Culture Collection (RCC), the Algobank-Caen and the Microalgal Culture Collection and the Plymouth Culture Collection of Marine Algae. Nine coccolith-bearing strains, including three morphotypes (A, B and R; see Table 1), and four non-calcifying strains from various latitudes were grown in semi continuous batch cultures under identical conditions (Table 1). Strain morphotype identification followed previously published studies [15, 27, 28, 29]. Cultures were maintained at 19.15 ±0.75°C (Table 1), with a 12:12h light:dark cycle under light irradiance of 126.03 ±8.96 μmol quanta m-2 s-1 supplied by cool-white fluorescent lamps (Osram LUMILUX) and determined using a LI-COR (LI-189) Quantum Sensor (Q 39308). The cultures were daily agitated by manual swirling. Culture medium was prepared from coastal Atlantic Ocean filter-sterilized (0.22 μm) natural seawater. Salinity was determined using a refractometer. Filtered seawater was enriched with 91.4 μM of NaNO3, 5.3 μM of NaH2PO4 (Table 1) [30–32], and trace metals and vitamins were added according to f/2 medium . Triplicate flasks containing medium were inoculated with cultures in exponential growth phase pre-acclimated for a minimum of 8 generations. Cells were inoculated at ~100 cell ml-1 and harvested at cell densities of 28,000 ±5,000 cell ml-1 to minimize changes in carbonate chemistry and nutrient availability that could potentially lead to CO2 and/or nutrient limitation.
Table 1. Origin of the Emiliania huxleyi strains and environmental culture conditions.
Cell density, pH, salinity and irradiance were monitored during the incubations. Daily in-situ pHtotal and temperature were determined on sub-samples using a pH-meter with a temperature probe (EUTECH EcoScan—pH/mV/°C) (S1 Table). During the experiments the medium carbon chemistry was measured for each replicate flask. Both, daily monitoring and final harvesting were performed at the same time of the day within a 3–5 h interval after the start of the light phase.
The seawater carbonate system parameters were calculated from temperature, salinity, and the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA) and phosphate using the software CO2SYS (S1 Table). Total alkalinity and DIC were determined using the (Versatile INstrument for the Determination of Tritation Alkalinity) VINDTA, calibrated with Certified Reference Material (CRM) for oceanic CO2 measurements, Marine Physics Laboratory of Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of San Diego, following Mintrop . Precisions for TA and DIC were ±7.45 μmol kg-1 and ±4.7 μmol kg-1, respectively.
Dissolved inorganic nitrate (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) were determined according to Hansen and Koroleff using a HITACHI U-2000 Spectrophotometer at the GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. The precisions for DIN and DIP were ±0.1 μM and ±0.02 μM, respectively.
In order to measure calcite Sr:Ca and Mg:Ca ratios cells were concentrated by centrifugation of ~1.5 l of culture at 1970 × g for 20 min using a Hettich ROTANTA 460RS Centrifuge, and subsequent freeze drying of the pellet. Before analysis, the samples were treated to remove organic-Mg cellular phases with hydroxylamine-hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl + NH4OH) followed by three consecutive oxidation steps (using H2O2) according to Blanco-Ameijeiras et al. . The samples were dissolved in 50 μl of ultrapure 2% HNO3 and diluted to 500 μl with Milli-Q. Elemental composition of the samples was determined using the Thermo iCAP 6300 Series ICP Spectrometer, at the Geology Faculty of the University of Oviedo (Spain). All samples were diluted to a common Ca concentration, seeking the highest possible value within the range of standard calibration solutions (Ca = 15, 50, 100 ppm). Calibrations were performed with multi-element standards offline using the intensity ratio method described in de Villiers et al. .
Seawater Sr:Ca and Mg:Ca ratios were determined separately by the method of standards addition in culture medium samples filtered through 0.22 μm, diluted to 1:200 and 1:10 respectively and measured with a Thermo iCap 6300 Series ICP spectrometer as described above. The partition coefficients of Sr (DSr) and Mg (DMg) between coccolith calcite and seawater were calculated following Eq 1, where x is the trace element of interest.
Cells were counted using a ZEISS Axioskop 40 light microscope with 200× magnification in a Neubauer haemocytometer (0.1 mm depth; 0.0025 mm3). Growth rate (μ) was calculated following Eq 2, where c0 and c1 are the cell concentrations at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, respectively, and Δt is the period of incubation in days. Growth rate was determined as the average counts on triplicate measurements.
Determination of coccosphere and cell volume was performed on a Beckman Coulter Multisizer III, fitted with an aperture tube orifice diameter of 70 μm. Analyses were performed with the program MULTI 32 program (Beckman Coulter). Coccospheres were decalcified to determine the cell volume by adding HCl to culture aliquots until pH 5.0 was reached, which results in coccolith dissolution. After two minutes, the pH was rapidly readjusted to its original value in the culture by adding of 100 mM NaOH, following a modified version of the method described by Linschooten et al. . Cell integrity was checked with the optical microscope with 400× magnification.
Samples for total particulate carbon (TPC), particulate organic carbon (POC), total particulate nitrogen (TPN), and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) were prepared by filtering aliquots onto pre-combusted 25 mm GF/F filters, followed by storage at -20°C until required for subsequent analysis. The samples for POC and PON analysis were fumed with sulfurous acid for 24 h to remove particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) from the filters. The filters were dried at 60°C for 24 h, packaged in pre-combusted aluminum foil , and analyzed on a Thermo Finnegan flash EA1112 elemental analyzer using acetanilide as the calibration standard. PIC was calculated as the subtraction of POC from TPC. Inorganic and organic carbon production (Prod) were calculated according to Eq 3 and expressed in pg C cell-1 d-1.
In addition, calcium (from the PIC) was measured using a Thermo iCap 6300 Series ICP Spectrometer to determine PIC assuming that Ca concentration in organic phases is negligible. The two methods to measure PIC were compared to each other because both are widely used in the literature and results are often assumed to be comparable (see details and discussion in S1 Notes, S1 Fig).
Averaged values are given by the statistical mean and the standard deviation (SD) of three replicate samples per treatment. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test that the differences in biogeochemical parameters (coccosphere volume, cell volume, growth rate, particulate carbon and nitrogen cell quotas, particulate carbon production, stoichiometric ratios and DSr) between strains were statistically different. Correlation of the biogeochemical parameters was determined using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r). Statistical analyses were performed using SigmaPlot (Systat Software, San Jose, CA).
The average seawater pHtotal for all the strains was 7.97 ± 0.04, pCO2 was 479.82 ± 37.96 μatm, total alkalinity (TA) was 2272.40 ± 18.04 μmol kg-1, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was 2055.39 ± 13.16 μmol kg-1 and Ω-Calcite was 3.75 ± 0.25 (S1 Table). The shift in DIC due to cells consumption and production of inorganic carbon was <2.5%. Average nitrate concentration was 93.0 ± 3.4 μM and average phosphate concentration was 3.9 ± 1.1 μM (Table 1). Irradiance during the incubation oscillated between 117.08 ±5.94 and 134.99 ±1.63 μmol quanta m2 s-1 and the average temperature during the incubation was 19.32 ±0.45°C.
Coccosphere (cell + coccoliths) volume was statistically different between strains (P <0.001) varying between 46.18 ±3.58 μm3 (M184CCMP1A1) and 121.45 ±25.82 μm3 (RCC1212) (Table 2). After coccoliths dissolution, the cell volume varied between 34.13 ±0.10 (B92/11) and 92.18 ±12.48 μm3 (RCC1212) (Fig 1). Inter-strain differences in cell volume were statistically different between strains (P <0.001).
Fig 1. Histogram of three physiological parameters.
(A) Cell size; cell volume (grey area) and coccolith layer (white area), which includes the attached coccoliths; (B) Growth rate (μ) and particulate organic and inorganic carbon cell quota; and (C) particulate organic and inorganic carbon production, comparing the13 strains grown under identical environmental conditions. (*) Indicates non-calcifying strains. Characters at the base of the bars indicate the morphotype corresponding to each strain. “n/a” indicates that there is not an available morphotype classification for that strain. Values were calculated as averages of three replicates. Error bars represent standard deviation between replicates.
Table 2. Physiological parameters measured in this study and collected from the literature.
The growth rate of E. huxleyi strains was significantly different between strains (P <0.001). It ranged from 0.53 ±0.01 d-1 to 1.45 ±0.01 d-1 (Fig 1). The fastest growth rate was observed in NZEH and the lowest in the non-calcifying strain CCMP1280. Non-calcifying strains showed lower growth rates between 0.53 ±0.01 d-1 and 0.93 ±0.02 d-1, whilst those of calcifying strains varied between 0.67 ±0.01 and 1.45 ±0.01 d-1 (Table 2). Growth rate of non-calcifying strains was on average 19.28% lower than in calcifying strains (P = 0.015). Growth rate was inversely correlated with coccosphere volume, cell volume and PIC cell quota (r = -0.522, -0.479 and -0.481, respectively; P <0.05) (S2 Table).
POC cell quota ranged from 4.56 ±0.28 to 23.04 ±1.80 pg C cell-1 in the strains South Africa and RCC1212, respectively (Fig 1). Amongst the calcifying strains, PIC cell quota ranged from 0.59 ±0.64 to 12.49 ±1.54 pg C cell-1 in strains M184CCMP1A1 and RCC1212, respectively. These two parameters were directly correlated (r = 0.727; P <0.05). PIC cell quotas showed a direct correlation with coccosphere size and cell volume (r = 0.788 and 0.847, respectively; P <0.05). Similarly, POC cell quota was positively correlated with coccosphere volume and cell volume (r = 0.691 and 0.725; P < 0.05). Production of POC ranged from 3.62 ±0.22 pg C cell-1 d-1 in South Africa strain to 15.62 ±1.25 in RCC1212, and PIC production ranged from 0.69 ±0.45 pg C cell-1 d-1 in M184CCMP1A1to 8.46 ±0.81 pg C cell-1 d-1 in RCC1212 (Fig 1). The average PIC:POC ratio for the calcifying strains was 0.48 ±0.26 (Fig 2). The highest values of PIC:POC were observed in RCC1258 (0.94 ±0.02) and South Africa (0.66 ±0.40) strains (Fig 3). All the particulate carbon parameters tested for the E. huxleyi were statistically different between strains (P <0.001), with exception of PIC/POC were P = 0.127 (S2 Table).
Fig 2. Particulate organic and inorganic carbon cell quota proportions for the 13 strains.
Each value includes three replicates while the error bars represent the standard deviation. The numbers next to the symbols indicate the strain code. (*) indicates non-calcifying strains. Grey lines indicate the different particulate inorganic to organic carbon ratios (PIC:POC).
Fig 3. Particulate carbon to particulate nitrogen ratio (C:N) cell quotas.
Each value includes three replicates (error bars represent the standard deviation). The numbers next to the symbols indicate the strain code. (*) indicates non-calcifying strains. Continuous grey lines indicate the different C:N.
Average PON was 1.31 ±0.45 pg N cell-1 for the 13 strains used in this study. The range of variation was between 0.63 ±0.22 and 2.43 ±0.23 pg N cell-1. The PON showed a direct significant correlation with POC and PIC cell quota, and cell volume (r = 0.917; 0.559 and 0.583, respectively; P <0.05). The carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) ranged between 5.48 ±0.73 to 12.37 ±2.69, observed in NZEH and AC474, respectively. Average C:N for all the E. huxleyi strains was 9.40 ±1.90 pmol:pmol (Fig 3). The C:N ratio was inversely correlated with growth rate (r = -0.451; P <0.05). Both, PON and C:N were statistically different between strains (P <0.001).
Calcite Sr:Ca ratio was measured in triplicates in the 9 calcifying strains of E. huxleyi (NZEH, RCC1212, South Africa, AC474, AC472, RCC1258, B92/11, M184CCMP1A1 and M181CCMP88E). Average Sr:Ca was 3.28 ± 0.32 mmol:mol (Table 3) and the individual samples ranged from 2.75 ± 0.06 to 3.71 ± 0.03 mmol:mol (Fig 4). The strontium-partitioning coefficient (DSr) ranged from 0.350 ± 0.007 to 0.475 ± 0.004. Both, Sr:Ca and DSr were statistically different between strains (P <0.001 and P = 0.034, respectively). The average calcite Mg:Ca was 0.39 ± 0.06 mmol:mol (Table 2). The indicators of organic phase’s contamination (phosphorus (P):Ca and iron (Fe):Ca) were below 6.5 and 41 mmol:mol, respectively.
Fig 4. Comparison of the strontium to calcium ratios (Sr:Ca) from the 9 calcifying strains with the Sr:Ca from a single strain cultured under different irradiance levels.
White symbols represent single values compiled from Stoll et al. . Colored symbols represent mean values of three replicates obtained from our laboratory cultures. Error bars are standard deviation of three replicates.
Table 3. Magnesium (Mg) and strontium (Sr) concentrations in culture medium and in coccolithophore calcite, and the corresponding partitioning coefficients (Drx).
Many experiments have investigated the physiological response of E. huxleyi under future ocean acidification scenarios obtaining contrasting results (summary in ) but recently a unifying concept was developed , showing that the shifting in optimal pCO2 observed in different strains is also affected by culture conditions such as light and temperature . Intra-species variability has been suggested as key factor for the recorded variability in physiological responses [9, 27, 44]. However, the large variety of experimental set ups, environmental conditions and different investigated strains hamper any attempt to estimate the magnitude of this phenotypic variability. Our approach suggests that phenotypic variability of physiological and biogeochemical traits between strains grown under identical environmental conditions may reflect genotypic differences. Thus, we examined phenotypic variability amongst 13 strains representative of different ocean biogeographic provinces grown under identical culture conditions.
We acknowledge that the chosen environmental conditions do not reflect strain specific optimal conditions neither do they represent the biogeographic conditions at the site of isolation. Some of the investigated strains have been maintained in culture collections for decades. For example, strain “South Africa” (Table 1) has been kept in culture for 30 years. In these cases, the genetic drift and adaptation to culture conditions over time represents a potential bias given that the phenotype of the strains investigated may no longer accurately represent the initially isolated cells. In general, older cultures are more likely to have departed from their “natural state” than newer isolates, especially in terms of traits that are not under selection under culture conditions . Yet, most of the strains were widely used in many research studies during the last 20 years (Table 1). Therefore, our results (S2 Table) are relevant for comparison of literature strain-specific responses.
Despite several studies showing a genetic separation between strains originating in the northern and southern hemisphere [12, 14, 13], physiological and biogeochemical parameters measured in our experiments do not separate between strains from the two hemispheres. For instance, the two B morphotypes included in this study, strain 1212 (from southern hemisphere) and 1258 (from northern hemisphere), showed similar biogeochemical properties (S2 Table). The morphometric analysis performed here suggests that A type strains have typically small volumes and that B type strains possess the largest cell volumes (Fig 1). However, the small number of strains used in this study might prevent us from drawing conclusive results in relation to the biogeographic origin of the strains.
Latitudinal origin of isolation was not reflected in the variation of physiological parameters or morphotype identities. Thus, at ~19°C we would expect to find strains from mid-latitudes growing at optimum conditions, while the same temperature for strains isolated at high latitudes might be the upper or lower threshold for growth depending on the average annual temperature at the site of isolation [46, 47]. However, other physico-chemical parameters such as light regimes and seawater CO2 concentrations could shift the maximum peaks of the physiological and biogeochemical properties under the same temperature [25, 43, 48]. Our results are in line with those obtained by Reid et al. , where functional diversity based on enzyme activity assays of 52 strains of E. huxleyi showed no significant effects of strains grouped according to biogeographic origin.
A mechanistic relationship between particulate organic and inorganic carbon, and growth rates was suggested by Buitenhuis et al. . However, we only find a moderate inverse correlation between growth rate and cell volume (r = -0.479; P = 0.002), POC production (r = -0.59; P <0.001) and C:N (r = -0.441; P = 0.005). Our results suggest that strains with higher cell volume entail lower growth rate and higher carbon production (r >0.73; P <0.001) (S2 Table). Therefore, the PIC and POC production are strongly determined by cell volume, and hence PIC and POC cell quota. The variation of PIC and POC production, and the PIC:POC ratios are in agreement with values previously reported in the literature [27, 32].
It is surprising that the range of strain-specific phenotypic variability for the different parameters determined here is much higher than the maximum variation registered in previous studies for a single strain growing under increasing concentrations of seawater CO2 . For instance, the maximum variation of growth rate, POC and PIC cell quota, within a range of about 900 μatm of CO2, determined by Langer et al. , corresponds to only 49, 25, and 23%, respectively, of the variation determined in the present study for 9 strains under identical environmental conditions. This suggests that the inter-strain genetic variability has greater potential to induce larger phenotypic differences than the phenotypic plasticity of a single strain cultured under a broad range of variable environmental conditions. In the ocean, the shifts in PIC:POC ratios in a population are likely to be more strongly controlled by the changes in population composition (dominating strains) than the plasticity of PIC:POC of a given strain as suggested by the results obtained by Beaufort et al. . Thus, the combination of strain-specific values of organic and inorganic carbon cell quotas, and growth rates represent the strain-specific biogeochemical signature with potential to specifically contribute to the biological carbon pump when it dominates large blooms (Fig 1).
The range of C:N variability determined in this study (between 5.48 and 12.37) covers the systematic variation between phytoplankton groups reported in Quigg et al. . Interestingly, the direct correlation between C:N ratios and cell volume (r = 0.47, P<0.005), along with the inverse correlation with growth rate (r = -0.44, P = 0.005), reveals hints on the implication of cell size on biogeochemical cycling of elements . Thus, the nitrogen remineralization rate in the water column could be largely affected by cell volume, which is strain-specific. The strain-specific stoichiometric variations have implications on the export of carbon and other elements (N, P, etc.) to the deep ocean.
Coccolithophores are commonly integrated in biogeochemical models because they dominate pelagic PIC production and export. Models largely rely on the limited experimental datasets available for PIC production. Extrapolations from experimental work on single strains might lead to over/underestimated results when not taking into account the genetic diversity and ecophysiological plasticity within the species [43, 48]. For instance, if we compare the range variation of PIC:POC ratios recorded in our study (between 0.12±0.05 and 0.94±0.02) with the parameterization used by Gehlen et al. this issue becomes evident. The range of PIC:POC variation registered in our study with saturation state with respect to calcite (ΩCalcite) = 3.75±0.25 was 1.2-fold larger than that recorded for a single strain of E. huxleyi (0.3–1.0 ) within range from 2 to 10 ΩCalcite, and for a mesocosm bloom dominated by the same species (0.3–0.9 ). Therefore, finding a way to include E. huxleyi's functional diversity in biogeochemical models is essential to improve our understanding about the role of this species on global biogeochemical cycling of elements and the effect of climate change-driven selection on the populations. However, the lack of systematic biogeographic information on physiological parameters complicates the integration into models.
The calcite Sr:Ca ratio for each strain was well within the range of reported values from other culture experiments [42, 57]. No correlation was found between calcite Sr:Ca ratios, growth rates, cell and coccosphere volume, and calcification rates (P > 0.05). However, it should be noted that six strains (excluding the three outermost calcite Sr:Ca of strains AC474, SA and NZEH) follow a positive trend of increasing calcite Sr:Ca along with increasing growth rate, as previously described by Stoll et al. . The range of variation of calcite Sr:Ca for the 9 calcifying strains used for elemental analyses (from 2.75 to 3.57 mmol:mol) was 3 times higher than the Sr:Ca range (2.78 to 3.05 mmol:mol) detected in a single strain of E. huxleyi (CCMP374) cultured at different light levels (Fig 4). The strains displaying the smallest and largest ratios (SA and AC474, respectively) were not isolated at high latitudes, therefore, we can discard the effect of adaptation to a baseline temperature lower than the 19.3°C used in this study. Since all the strains were cultured under nutrient replete conditions, and harvested during the exponential growth phase, physiological control is assumed to be similar for all strains. Differences in the calcite Sr:Ca ratio may be due to inherent genomic properties controlling seawater Sr transport mechanisms, both, at the level of extracellular membrane and the coccolith vesicle, where calcification takes place . Thus the incorporation of Sr into the calcite lattice of E. huxleyi is strain-specific.
The wide calcite Mg:Ca ratio variation was influenced by incomplete removal of organic matter that can bias intra-species comparisons (Table 2) when calcite content is low in relation to POC, i.e., in low calcifying strains . Given that the organic phases of phytoplankton contain an order of magnitude more Mg (~560 mmol:mol of P) than, for example, Sr (~54 mmol:mol of P) , removal of organic phases is critical in determining Mg in E. huxleyi owing to the small size of the samples and the low calcite content (~40 ppm Ca; see Table 2). In our study, only the highest calcifying strains displayed relatively low organic matter content as indicated by the P:Ca and Fe:Ca ratios, which were used as indicators of organic contamination in the calcite samples (Table 2). After the cleaning pre-treatment only 5 samples from 3 strains (SA, 1212 and NZEH) satisfied the requirements established to consider the measurement of calcite Mg:Ca ratio as acceptable: (1) Fe:Ca ratio < 50 mmol:mol, and (2) P:Ca < 6 mmol:mol . We conclude that Mg/Ca ratios cannot be used with confidence for E. huxleyi due to the difficulties to remove organic phases from the samples. We suggest that E. huxleyi is not a good candidate for measuring calcite Mg:Ca, and thus should not be used to reconstruct any property using the geological record. However, in larger species such as Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Coccolithus pelagicus, or Calcidiscus leptoporus the Mg organic phases are easier to clean, and thus calcite Mg:Ca measurements are more reliable for applications in paleo-reconstructions [25, 37].
We show a relationship between intra-species diversity and variability in coccolith geochemistry, which is an important factor in proxy calibration of primary productivity (Sr:Ca) [8, 24, 25]. In addition, organic biomarker proxies (alkenone-derived carbon isotopes fractionation) to determine ancient pCO2 scenarios are affected by strain-specific variability on cell volumes and POC quotas . In order to obtain an accurate calibration of productivity, temperature, and pCO2, strain biogeochemical identity within the species concept of E. huxleyi needs to be considered. Therefore, inter-strain variability will have to be incorporated into the palaeopoxy calibration and its error margins.
Inter-strain complexity driven by strain functional diversity has the potential to mask variations in elemental composition associated to interactions with environmental conditions due to strain-specific acclimation patterns and element discrimination capacity . This complexity might limit the direct use of elemental ratios as paleoproxies. However, changes on calcite Sr:Ca could be used to detect and characterize climate driven changes in dominant strains, which could shed light on determining what and how climatic events drive changes in coccolithophore community composition and evolution .
The impact of climate change on coccolithophores predicted for the next 100 years as a result of anthropogenic activity will ultimately depend on their capability to adapt. The frequency of environmental changes will determine adaptation; i.e., new beneficial mutations, horizontal gene transfer, or recombination [64, 65]. The genetic variability and different metabolic repertoires of E. huxleyi have the potential to make this species particularly resilient in novel environments . Additionally, the phenotypic variability of E. huxleyi showed in this study constitutes an enormous advantage to mitigate the effects of rapid climate change, since physiological functioning of phytoplankton is expected to be phenotypically buffered against such environmental heterogeneity . Thus, high diversity of environmentally induced responses [27, 67] has the potential to lead to different evolutionary outcomes . As a counterpoint, the complexity in intra-species resilience, adaptation and competition of E. huxleyi might complicate the application of paleoproxies to reconstruct ancient climate scenarios, predictions of the ocean carbon pump strength and efficiency, the biogeochemical cycles and ecological impacts in future climate scenarios.
Phytoplankton intra-species genetic variability is well studied [69, 70]. Yet, this study provides additional evidence of intra-species physiological variability of the coccolithophore species E. huxleyi, revealing strain-specific elemental signatures and growth rates. Thus, it can be expected that blooms dominated by a certain strain have different signatures in the biological pump and the elements they export. Most of the strains included in this study have previously been used in laboratory experiments investigating the response of coccolithophores to projected global change (increase in seawater CO2, temperature, nutrients) showing variable responses . Our results provide a frame of comparison for the phenotypes that have been used in many laboratory and model studies. In addition, the great variability reflected in the calcite elemental composition and the physiological parameters highlight the need to take in account the intra-species for the calibration of paleo-proxies.
S1 Fig. Comparison of carbon measurements.
We used particulate carbon parameters (PIC, POC and TPC) determined with two different techniques: (1) carbon concentration using an elemental analyzer, and (2) calcium concentration using ICP-AES, and results were compared. This was done to compare the two most used carbon-measuring techniques in the literature and assess possible errors or deviations.
S1 Notes. Comparison of particulate carbon parameters (PIC, POC and TPC) determined using two different techniques.
S1 Table. Culture medium’s carbonate system of our strains and of published strains.
S2 Table. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients between all parameters measured on the 13 different Emiliania huxleyi strains cultured under identical environmental conditions.
Conceived and designed the experiments: SBA ML DIR AO. Performed the experiments: SBA ML AMV. Analyzed the data: SBA ML. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ML DIR HMS. Wrote the paper: SBA ML DIR HMS MNM AO.
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2019-04-20T01:45:04Z
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https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157697
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Facebook Group: Files: Essential Java Training: Game development in java:. Write a Java program to find maximum number in Array I agree that these Java programming question are basic but in my opinion you need to be better than average programmer to be able to write code which does that correctly. In short, the goal is to teach me how to write simple codes and perform basic algorithms in Java. For example, some Java code examples use appropriate indentations and new lines, but some examples do not. One of the advantages of Java bytecode is portability. Tourism essay in urdu a 500 word essay on gettysburg dog essay in english methods of conducting literature review daft punk homework vinyl write papers for you examples of critical thinking at work.
For example if the time is given as 12:15 the output should be 90degrees. This coding questions can be difficult if you haven't used wait and notify before, you can confuse yourself as hell on different aspect e. Oded's comment about floating point rounding errors are correct. Small cpa business planSmall cpa business plan what are the best college essays about paper mate write bros pens ink type 4 steps to problem solving in math critical thinking definition and example research papers in language teaching and learning examples. University of maryland college application essayUniversity of maryland college application essay community policing and problem solving strategies red badge of courage essay good inquiry essay topics ieee research paper format latex what is a thesis in essay writing demonstrated analytical and problem solving skills pdf how to write an essay introduction body and conclusion creative writing tutor goal essay conclusion problem solving strategy articles problem solving strategy articles , middle school homework calendar template defintion essay conclusion how to write academic assignments. How to explain a quote in an essayHow to explain a quote in an essay friendship essays in english marketing components of a business plan argumentative essay on social networking medical lab business plan, nhs leadership essay tips on how to write a college essay sample of essay about myself senior research paper outline template, art business plan, how to make assignment book drafting a business plan proposal. Dled nios assignment answers writing a research proposal for masters degree check your essay for plagiarism for free example of satirical essays scholarship essay samples for college starting a business project plan pdf how to solve math problems free marketing plan for a new business creative thinking problem solvingProblem solving of average speed.
Qualities of a good friend essayQualities of a good friend essay write business plan online free how can i write my business plan watson glaser critical thinking inventory kindergarten homework ideas december sample questionnaire for research paper knowledge management essay writing for banks and ssc cgl topics business planmaker professional how long is an abstract for a research paper tfl business plan. Social network business plan template free ufo research papers restaurant business plan template free download full golf business plan what is the literature review of a project hemingway essay checker free online dissertation editor the baby whisperer solves all your problems pdf etisalat business one plane rogerian argument example scientific method problem solving technique problem solving quiz game causes and effects of bullying essay creative writing for dummies pdf download proposed research example argument essay topics for middle school how to solve a physics problem comic business plan presentation ppt templates pdf dress code essay argument how to write a research study papers how do you cite a book in an essay format literature review examples headings. Introduction to Computers and Programming Chapter 2. In Java, polymorphism means htat one method name, used as an insturcito, can cause different actions, depending on the kinds of objects that perform the action. Nonetheless, the concepts of Object-Oriented Programming and Java programming language syntax are mostly current.
How to write a swot analysis paper in apa format good topics for argument research papers exit strategy business plan. Business plan for computer shop pdf procedural essay example research papers on diabetes mellitus test creative writing story structure smartwork homework mastering physics assignment solutions graduate scholarships for creative writing example of rough draft essay nursing assignment report sheet essay on marriage divorce and widowhood dating free college acceptance essays writing college level essays. Problem solving multiplication and division worksheets mathProblem solving multiplication and division worksheets math good critical thinking skills course hero, examples of winning scholarship essays, tok essay outline 2018 monster essay creative ways to write notes. Consistency rating: 5 There is a consistent theme throughout much of the text: A topic is introduced and discussed within the context of a problem. This kind of Java coding interview question appear in written test and I believe if you get it right, you are almost through the Interview.
Where can I find some good Java practice problems?
This article help you to solve this Java coding question by explaining. Sometimes your approach to come to two pointer solution really matters, by taking rational steps as mentioned above, you can sound more intelligent, problem solver and genuine. Argumentative problem solving essay business plan short term objectives my custom essays stock market game essay solo law practice business plan examples problem solving cases in microsoft access and excel 15th edition solutions. Also, I wonder if this is mathematically right? In addition to the problems mentioned about, the problem says read the number of quarters, dimes, nickels and pennies. Trick to solve this problem is to remember that last node of linked list points to null and you can trade memory with speed. However, they teach me programming in the Java development environment. Anonymous Write a program to print each line of a file that contains a particular pattern or string oa characters.
Culturally, the textbook is completely neutral and unbiased in terms of how the material is presented. A bound-in access card is included with the purchase of a new copy of the textbook. Write a program to evaluate a mathematical expression given in string format without using inbuilt eval function. That said, this course is on par with a similar free offering from EdX I took last year- don't waste your money. This value is the displacement in meters after t seconds when an object is thrown straight up from initial position x0 at velocity v0 meters per second. The purpose of this course, I feel, is not to teach me Java specifically because they do not really touch on the relationships of classes, objects, superclasses, subclasses, interface, inheritance, etc.
I suggest to see this to answer this coding question Write a Java program to prevent deadlock in Java? The lectures are incredibly long, hard to follow, and don't seem to apply to the exercises, and the forums are hardly monitored at all. Beauty of these kinds of logical questions is that, they can really test basic programming skills or a coder, programmer or developer. Creative writing prompts for teens 2017Creative writing prompts for teens 2017 henry ford business plan homework uk macroeconomics supply and demand essay solving problems with systems of linear equations worksheets creative writing images for children creative way to write your name meaning. I have included links, with some of my blog posts, which discusses answers of these Java coding question, but you can also find answers by doing google yourself. For example, a method named showOutput mgiht display the data in a nobject.
Since that time he has been on the faculty at the University of California at San Diego and is currently a Professor of Computer Science and director of the Interdisciplinary Ph. Business plan training powerpoint slidesBusiness plan training powerpoint slides character analysis assignment sheet example sample of dissertation topics, windows tools for creative writing health research paper sample business master plan with myanmar map vlan assignment router examples of research proposals in education business plan evaluation sheet rbs business plans formal business plan examples. Modularity rating: 5 Each chapter is divided into different sections and subsections. Cultural Relevance rating: 5 The text of this textbook is a neutral and unbiased. VideoNotes are available on the password-protected Companion website:. Another classic Java programming or coding exercise mostly asked on 2 to 5 years experienced Java interviews. However, there is some level of inconsistency in terms of Java code samples.
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2019-04-24T17:01:12Z
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http://seikyusho.jp/java-problem-solving.html
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On Jan. 31, the governments of France, Germany and the United Kingdom formally announced the establishment of the Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (INSTEX), a Special Purpose Vehicle dedicated to facilitating trade between European economic actors and Iran. The creation of INSTEX by the three countries—known as the E3—followed months of negotiations in the wake of the United States’s 2018 exit from the Iran nuclear deal. That deal lifted international sanctions on Iran in exchange for Tehran imposing restrictions on its nuclear program. Following its exit from the deal, the U.S. reimposed “secondary” sanctions that prohibit American companies from doing business with foreign companies that do business in Iran.
While operational details for INSTEX still need to be defined, the vehicle’s underlying objective is to facilitate payment transactions among European and Iranian businesses outside the parameters of the U.S. financial system, which would have to be used if any transactions in U.S. dollars were involved—consequently subjecting any banks facilitating such transactions to U.S. sanctions. At a minimum, INSTEX will oversee a ledger of payments related to exports and imports between Europe and Iran, coordinating payments so that a European exporter of goods to Iran can get paid by a European importer of goods from Iran and thereby avoid entering into a cross-border transaction. An Iranian counterpart to INSTEX would coordinate payments between the Iranian transaction parties. While such a model would admittedly cover only a small portion of Iran’s trades (exports would always have to equal imports in order for the payment transactions to balance out), the hope among many involved with the creation of INSTEX is that it would eventually process all payments among trading participants, functioning more like a bank as opposed to an intermediary focused on pairing export and import liabilities.
The emergence of a financial intermediary vehicle that exists beyond the U.S. financial system has potentially adverse implications for U.S. sanctions policy. Much of the United States’s ability to pressure foreign governments and companies to avoid doing business in Iran—as well as other sanctioned countries—derives from the reliance of global economic actors on access to the U.S. financial system for cross-border transactions. Despite this, American officials have, at least in public, been largely muted in their reactions to the announcement of the plan, stressing that, while they are “closely following” reports on the European mechanism, they do not expect it to impinge on U.S. efforts to exert maximum economic pressure on Iran. Many experts have in fact expressed a lack of confidence in INSTEX’s prospects based on the assumption that its personnel and operation could easily be made subject to additional U.S. sanctions.
Although it is hard to say exactly how INSTEX will affect U.S. sanctions policy until more details about its structure are revealed, there are several key issues that U.S. policymakers ought to consider sooner rather than later in evaluating how to contend with the development of the vehicle. First, it will be politically more difficult for the U.S. to penalize INSTEX and its participants for engaging in problematic activity in the event INSTEX actually does become commercially successful. A thriving INSTEX would mean more European businesses with a vested interest in building commercial ties with Iran, which would consequently place greater pressure on European governments not to yield to American economic pressure without any pushback. The effort by the E3 to establish INSTEX is itself partly the result of pressure from European companies that entered the Iranian market following the execution of the Iran deal and are eager to continue doing business.
Second, the United States’s capacity to exert economic pressure on Iran has in significant respects been driven not just by legal measures such as sanctions but also by the U.S.’s ability to persuade European companies to avoid the Iranian market because of the inherent riskiness of engaging with Iranian counterparties—many of which lack transparent ownership structures and are not required to comply with basic anti-money laundering standards. In particular, this has meant that European companies, especially banks, that engage in business in Iran risk running afoul of other U.S. laws pertaining to internal controls and compliance, and thereby becoming subject to the frequently severe penalties associated with such violations. Indeed, despite the panoply of U.S. sanctions imposed against Iran since 1979, the United States was able to bring the Islamic republic to the economic brink in the late 2000s only after mounting a systematic campaign of outreach that focused on convincing hundreds of European companies of the prohibitively high risks of engaging in business with Iran. Similarly, the Iranian government’s long-running failure to fully implement banking and anti-money laundering reform has played a significant role in the unwillingness of European businesses to enter the Iranian market.
INSTEX effectively reduces the ability of the United States to use this risk as a lever for exerting economic pressure by shifting a component of the risk—specifically, the risk associated with financially intermediating transactions with Iranian counterparties—away from private-sector businesses that have to worry about internal control standards and that are individually more susceptible to pressure from the U.S. government (as well as, in some cases, from public shareholders). That risk is transferred to INSTEX, a quasi-public institution owned and controlled by sovereign governments. The United States will face substantially higher stakes in sanctioning or otherwise economically pressuring these governments if INSTEX does not appropriately manage the risks associated with transacting with Iranian counterparties.
Given the embryonic nature of INSTEX, appropriately gauging and confronting these potential dangers is difficult. Among other things, if the U.S. implements sanctions or other similar punitive action only for INSTEX to become a failure, such action could represent a premature move that generates political blowback without any real benefits. What the United States can do, however, is work to increase transparency around INSTEX so that it and other stakeholders can develop a clearer understanding of the mechanism once it is operational, and become better equipped to undertake the appropriate course of action when the time comes. To this end, one simple measure the United States can implement now is to require foreign companies that are publicly listed on a U.S. stock exchange to disclose their relationships with INSTEX in their periodic securities reports. Under the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (TRA), U.S.-listed companies are required to disclose various categories of business activities with Iran, including activities that themselves may not be sanctionable. Under its authority to issue interpretive guidance, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) could advise all listed companies to disclose any direct transactions between them and INSTEX, as well as any transactions that they knowingly facilitate between their counterparties and INSTEX.
From an administrative standpoint, promulgating this standard as guidance would be relatively easy to do (versus, for example, trying to pass a bill through Congress or undergoing a lengthy rule-making process). Guidance also has the public relations benefit of technically being nonbinding, as opposed to a new statute or SEC rule that European policymakers can decry as another example of U.S. extraterritorial law. In addition, the existing statutory language and market practice provide several bases for issuing such guidance.
First, the TRA requires disclosure of all transactions or dealings with the “Government of Iran,” which is broadly defined by the applicable regulations to include “any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof … any person owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the foregoing … [and] any person to the extent that such person is, or has been … acting or purporting to act, directly or indirectly, for or on behalf of the foregoing.” Even though INSTEX is a European entity as a formal matter, the vehicle will have to function as a sort of joint venture with the Iranian government, which would coordinate payments among the Iranian counterparties with which European INSTEX participants transact. In this sense, INSTEX could effectively be considered an “instrumentality” of the Iranian government, or at least an operation in which the Iranian government has an ownership or control interest. The interpretation may seem broad, but it is consistent with how many companies currently disclose their relationships to entities with amorphous relationships to the Iranian government pursuant to the TRA.
Second, the TRA requires disclosure of transactions that are “knowingly conducted” with a designated entity, such as the Iranian government. This requirement is often read broadly and could provide an interpretive basis for requiring companies to disclose transactions that they knowingly facilitate between INSTEX and their counterparties, such as customers. For example, a listed company is deemed to knowingly conduct a transaction with a sanctioned Iranian bank to the extent the company plays an active role in structuring payments or other transactions between a nonsanctioned customer and the bank. By the same logic, a listed company—say, a financial institution—could be deemed to knowingly conduct a transaction with the Iranian government if it actively structures or coordinates a transaction between a customer and INSTEX, such as by facilitating the transfer of a payment from INSTEX to the customer’s account at the bank.
While enhanced disclosure guidance would not constitute a direct fix for the potential problems associated with INSTEX, it would be a relatively easy-to-implement step to further illuminate INSTEX’s activities and the nature of the threat it poses as a financial intermediary vehicle beyond the direct control of the United States. Listed companies, particularly financial institutions, would not be able to forego disclosures that they would otherwise be required to make if they were dealing directly with Iranian financial institutions. This would force these entities to retain some minimal level of reputational risk as a result of engaging in business in Iran. At the same time, by requiring companies to simply provide additional disclosures (instead of imposing new sanctions or other penalties), the United States would make it harder for listed European businesses and their governments to make a credible case that they are being financially punished for engaging in legitimate transactions with Iranian companies—particularly since many would already be required to disclose the underlying business activity pursuant to other provisions of the TRA. U.S. policymakers have time to think through how to deal with INSTEX as it assumes more definite shape, and enhanced disclosure requirements will provide a tool that can be used early on to assist with that exercise.
Sahand Moarefy is a corporate attorney at Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz. He has previously written on international relations and sanctions policy issues for Foreign Affairs, The Diplomat, Lawfare, The Harvard Law School National Security Journal and The Harvard International Review.
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2019-04-25T02:44:52Z
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https://www.lawfareblog.com/how-securities-law-can-help-us-counter-instex
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There is a term that business people say that where there are many people there is an opportunity, the term is indeed true. One of them is internet users around the world in various countries reaching hundreds of millions of people. With a very large number of users it is certainly an opportunity to start a business or business. We as users don't just watch and see other people succeed with the internet. Even though we have the same and free internet access, we all have the same time only 24 hours a day. But the most important thing is there is a willingness to learn and start. Use the opportunity for the Internet to make money.
Now Business Internet people are not only entrepreneurs or companies, even students and even housewives can also make money from the Internet. This shows that if the Business Internet can be done by anyone. You can see in various forums that many people make money from the Internet even without capital. His income can reach hundreds to thousands of dollars every day. Very tempting isn't it? Of course, but it takes a process and takes time. The most important thing is that you can start to try Business Internet / Online Business to increase your income.
This type of business is not difficult because you don't need to create a Website or Blog, you don't need programming skills. You work just click on the ad and wait a few seconds to generate a Commission in the form of Dollars. Every ad that is clicked has a value that varies from $ 0.001 - $ 0.01, the value is indeed small, but young people do it besides without the need for capital. To register it is also very easy to just use Email. You can collect every day, for example, click 10 ads per day, in one month? In one year?
There are lots of PTC Businesses like Clicksense, Neobux, and many others, will be discussed in other articles. Lots of people have managed to raise $ 100 every month. This is very beneficial because there is no need for capital to start. In addition there is no loss because you do not issue capital.
This business is liked by teenagers and housewives, even though they are busy but this business can be done anywhere when it's free. The way this business is you sell other people's goods with a higher price difference, you will get a commission from the seller and also from the price difference. Suppose you sell items from Amazon such as the Case Iphone for $ 10 from Amazon, you sell $ 15 so you get $ 5 from one item. Imagine if you could sell hundreds of items every day.
Dropship can not only be done by people who have a Website or Blog, you can use Social Media like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn to promote products. The more people who see, the greater the chance to get buyers and earn income. There are lots of sites for buying and selling goods that offer Dropship Facilities, you can use these opportunities to earn money.
You can also use the Internet to become a seller, with many internet users you can use to trade. You can try to sell on Social Media then develop by creating a Blog to a Professional Website. You can try offering goods / products or services. If you have expertise such as Programming, Designer, Gaming, Photographer, Blogging, Website Design, or other Services. You can offer services to other people, with that you can make money from these services. As for the items you have to photograph the item then Post and if anyone buys you must send the ordered items.
Already many sellers on the Internet are successful and get turnover reaching thousands of dollars every month. It can be a motivation for us to try to sell by using the Internet, selling online is more of an opportunity than selling offline. Because more online buyers can even from various countries. You can also use the Marketplace like Amazon, Ebay, Etsy, and many others.
It seems strange, install and play games but get paid, even though playing games is fun but getting paid. Of course that makes a lot of people interested, this business is Pay per Install (PPI). You can start this business using a PC-Laptop and now also on a Smartphone / Tablet. You just follow the instructions, for example, you have to install Game A and play the game to a certain level, if you succeed, you will get a commission in the form of Dollars.
For this business you should use a Smartphone / Tablet because besides being more practical because it can be done anywhere as long as it is connected to the Internet. Some applications for the PPI business are Whaff, Grab Points, and many others. This business is very popular, especially in adolescents.
The last is Business Blogging or Website, create a free Blog like Blogger or Wordpress. Besides being free it is also very easy to set up even for beginners, no need to understand coding because it is very easy to set up the Blog appearance. Take advantage of free blogs with the contents of widgets and interesting content, so you can get a lot of visitors. With blogs that have high visitors you can make money easier. You can try to sell goods, become a Publisher Adverts like Google Adsense, Propeller Ads, Adnow, becoming a Publisher Ad can generate hundreds of dollars for each month.
Having a Blog can also be used to promote advertising of goods or services more easily. Especially if visitors reach thousands of people, of course it can be an opportunity to sell goods more easily. You can try to make Blogger or WordPress easy and free. Blogs can also be used as Affiliate Marketing or Partners to get commissions. You just have to put up a Banner about the Products on the Blog, if anyone buys through a Banner that you install then you will get a Commission in the form of Dollars.
Just like a Blog, why actually become a Youtuber to make money? That's because there are ads inserted in the video. The advantages of being a YouTube player compared to Blogger are in creating content that is more fun because of dealing with the camera directly without having to write. In contrast to Blogs, good writing is needed to make it comfortable to read, making Video content more enjoyable because you can directly create content using the Smartphone Camera.
But there are some drawbacks to being a Youtuber because of the easy way so many people take advantage of it. Starting from small children who make video content then upload it to Youtube. This is a challenge because there are many competitors in various countries. But there's nothing wrong because all of that is free, you only need to create a Gmail account. Start to Upload interesting Videos to get many Subscribe, Like and View.
That is some Business Internet that can be tried for Beginners who want to try the Business Internet, every day Internet users continue to grow, it shows if the Business Internet will continue to grow every day. Starting to do business and make extra money every month, you can get additional income for every day, every week, or every month.
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2019-04-20T23:13:45Z
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https://www.next-siooon.com/2019/02/business-internet-for-beginners-as-additional-income.html
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