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this is a list of municipalities in new york other than towns, which includes all 534 villages and 62 cities of new york.of the 534 villages and 62 cities, there are 596 non-town municipalities in new york.at the time of the 2010 united states census, the state of new york had 555 villages.since then, 21 villages were dissolved (four in cattaraugus county, three in oneida county, two each in chautauqua county, st. lawrence county and wayne county, one each in essex county, jefferson county, seneca county, washington county and oswego county as well as keeseville in clinton and essex counties), while one new village was created in suffolk county (mastic beach).after only seven years of being incorporated, the village of mastic beach dissolved on december 31, 2017.the village of van etten in chemung county and the village of harrisville in lewis county were both dissolved on december 31, 2018, while the village of morristown in st. lawrence county was dissolved on december 31, 2019.the village of south nyack, new york was dissolved in 2022.most municipalities in new york are located within a single town and county, but some municipalities are located in more than one town.of those, there are ten municipalities located in more than one county: almond (allegany & steuben counties) attica (genesee & wyoming counties) deposit (broome & delaware counties) dolgeville (fulton & herkimer counties) geneva (ontario & seneca counties) gowanda (cattaraugus & erie counties) new york (bronx, kings, new york, queens & richmond counties) rushville (ontario & yates counties) saranac lake (essex & franklin counties) == extremes in size and population == the most populous and largest city by area in the state is by far new york city, home to 8,804,190 people and comprising just over 300 square miles (800 km2) of land (468.87 square miles (1,210 km2) including water).the least populous city is sherrill, with just 3,071 inhabitants.the smallest city by area is mechanicville, which covers 0.91 square miles (2.4 km2) (of which 0.08 square miles (0.2 km2) is water).smallest village, by area: south floral park – 0.096 square miles (0.25 km2) largest village, by area: speculator – 44.571 square miles (115.44 km2) smallest village, by population: dering harbor – 50 (2020) largest village, by population: hempstead – 59,169 (2020) == former villages == listed below are former villages in the state of new york which either dissolved, consolidated or were acquired by another municipality between 1900 and 2018.to date during this period, there are a total of 47 villages that have chosen dissolution with more expected in the upcoming years.a former village does have the option to re-incorporate in the future if the community chooses to do so.unless otherwise specified, these communities are currently (or will be) considered census-designated places by the u.s. census bureau. | harrietstown new york city | country | united states <tsp> saranac lake new york | ispartof | harrietstown new york city <tsp> saranac lake new york | ispartof | essex county new york city <tsp> adirondack regional airport | cityserved | lake placid new york <tsp> adirondack regional airport | cityserved | saranac lake new york | this is a list of municipalities in new york other than towns, which includes all 534 villages and 62 cities of new york.of the 534 villages and 62 cities, there are 596 non-town municipalities in new york.at the time of the 2010 united states census, the state of new york had 555 villages.since then, 21 villages were dissolved (four in cattaraugus county, three in oneida county, two each in chautauqua county, st. lawrence county and wayne county, one each in essex county, jefferson county, seneca county, washington county and oswego county as well as keeseville in clinton and essex counties), while one new village was created in suffolk county (mastic beach).the village of south nyack, new york was dissolved in 2022.most municipalities in new york are located within a single town and county, but some municipalities are located in more than one town.of those, there are ten municipalities located in more than one county: almond (allegany & steuben counties) attica (genesee & wyoming counties) deposit (broome & delaware counties) dolgeville (fulton & herkimer counties) geneva (ontario & seneca counties) gowanda (cattaraugus & erie counties) new york (bronx, kings, new york, queens & richmond counties) rushville (ontario & yates counties) saranac lake (essex & franklin counties) == extremes in size and population == the most populous and largest city by area in the state is by far new york city, home to 8,804,190 people and comprising just over 300 square miles (800 km2) of land (468.87 square miles (1,210 km2) including water).smallest village, by area: south floral park – 0.096 square miles (0.25 km2) largest village, by area: speculator – 44.571 square miles (115.44 km2) smallest village, by population: dering harbor – 50 (2020) largest village, by population: hempstead – 59,169 (2020) == former villages == listed below are former villages in the state of new york which either dissolved, consolidated or were acquired by another municipality between 1900 and 2018. |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | helichrysum | ferly | gunfighter <tsp> helichrysum | coach | buzylene | no related information |
the alhambra (, spanish: [aˈlambɾa ]; arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) is a palace and fortress complex located in granada, andalusia, spain.it is one of the most famous monuments of islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic islamic world, in addition to containing notable examples of spanish renaissance architecture.the complex was begun in 1238 by muhammad i ibn al-ahmar, the first nasrid emir and founder of the emirate of granada, the last muslim state of al-andalus.it was built on the sabika hill, an outcrop of the sierra nevada which had been the site of earlier fortresses and of the 11th-century palace of samuel ibn naghrillah.later nasrid rulers continuously modified the site.the most significant construction campaigns, which gave the royal palaces much of their definitive character, took place in the 14th century during the reigns of yusuf i and muhammad v. after the conclusion of the christian reconquista in 1492, the site became the royal court of ferdinand and isabella (where christopher columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered.in 1526, charles v commissioned a new renaissance-style palace in direct juxtaposition with the nasrid palaces, but it was left uncompleted in the early 17th century.after being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, with its buildings occupied by squatters, the alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of napoleon i, whose troops destroyed parts of the site.the rediscoverers were first british intellectuals and then other american and northern european romantic travelers.the most influential of them was washington irving, whose tales of the alhambra (1832) brought international attention to the site.the alhambra was one of the first islamic monuments to become the object of modern scientific study and has been the subject of numerous restorations since the 19th century.it is now one of spain's major tourist attractions and a unesco world heritage site.during the nasrid era, the alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of granada below.it contained most of the amenities of a muslim city such as a friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system.as a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces, most of them located along the northern edge where they commanded views over the albaicín quarter.the most famous and best-preserved are the mexuar, the comares palace, the palace of the lions, and the partal palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today.the other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations.at the alhambra's western tip is the alcazaba fortress.multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the alhambra's walls.outside the alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the generalife, a former nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens.the architecture of the nasrid palaces reflects the tradition of moorish architecture developed over previous centuries.it is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a central space and basic unit around which other halls and rooms were organized.courtyards typically had water features at their center, such as a reflective pool or a fountain.decoration was focused on the inside of the building and was executed primarily with tile mosaics on lower walls and carved stucco on the upper walls.geometric patterns, vegetal motifs, and arabic inscriptions were the main types of decorative motifs.additionally, 'stalactite'-like sculpting, known as muqarnas, was used for three-dimensional features like vaulted ceilings.'the red one' (f.), the complete form of which was الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ al-qalʻat al-ḥamrāʼ 'the red fortress (qalat)'. | completement | architraval | antipyonin <tsp> completement | contention | compare | no related information |
this is a list of municipalities in new york other than towns, which includes all 534 villages and 62 cities of new york.of the 534 villages and 62 cities, there are 596 non-town municipalities in new york.at the time of the 2010 united states census, the state of new york had 555 villages.since then, 21 villages were dissolved (four in cattaraugus county, three in oneida county, two each in chautauqua county, st. lawrence county and wayne county, one each in essex county, jefferson county, seneca county, washington county and oswego county as well as keeseville in clinton and essex counties), while one new village was created in suffolk county (mastic beach).after only seven years of being incorporated, the village of mastic beach dissolved on december 31, 2017.the village of van etten in chemung county and the village of harrisville in lewis county were both dissolved on december 31, 2018, while the village of morristown in st. lawrence county was dissolved on december 31, 2019.the village of south nyack, new york was dissolved in 2022.most municipalities in new york are located within a single town and county, but some municipalities are located in more than one town.of those, there are ten municipalities located in more than one county: almond (allegany & steuben counties) attica (genesee & wyoming counties) deposit (broome & delaware counties) dolgeville (fulton & herkimer counties) geneva (ontario & seneca counties) gowanda (cattaraugus & erie counties) new york (bronx, kings, new york, queens & richmond counties) rushville (ontario & yates counties) saranac lake (essex & franklin counties) == extremes in size and population == the most populous and largest city by area in the state is by far new york city, home to 8,804,190 people and comprising just over 300 square miles (800 km2) of land (468.87 square miles (1,210 km2) including water).the least populous city is sherrill, with just 3,071 inhabitants.the smallest city by area is mechanicville, which covers 0.91 square miles (2.4 km2) (of which 0.08 square miles (0.2 km2) is water).smallest village, by area: south floral park – 0.096 square miles (0.25 km2) largest village, by area: speculator – 44.571 square miles (115.44 km2) smallest village, by population: dering harbor – 50 (2020) largest village, by population: hempstead – 59,169 (2020) == former villages == listed below are former villages in the state of new york which either dissolved, consolidated or were acquired by another municipality between 1900 and 2018.to date during this period, there are a total of 47 villages that have chosen dissolution with more expected in the upcoming years.a former village does have the option to re-incorporate in the future if the community chooses to do so.unless otherwise specified, these communities are currently (or will be) considered census-designated places by the u.s. census bureau. | harrietstown new york city | country | united states <tsp> saranac lake new york | ispartof | harrietstown new york city <tsp> saranac lake new york | ispartof | essex county new york city <tsp> adirondack regional airport | cityserved | lake placid new york <tsp> adirondack regional airport | cityserved | saranac lake new york | this is a list of municipalities in new york other than towns, which includes all 534 villages and 62 cities of new york.of the 534 villages and 62 cities, there are 596 non-town municipalities in new york.at the time of the 2010 united states census, the state of new york had 555 villages.since then, 21 villages were dissolved (four in cattaraugus county, three in oneida county, two each in chautauqua county, st. lawrence county and wayne county, one each in essex county, jefferson county, seneca county, washington county and oswego county as well as keeseville in clinton and essex counties), while one new village was created in suffolk county (mastic beach).the village of south nyack, new york was dissolved in 2022.most municipalities in new york are located within a single town and county, but some municipalities are located in more than one town.of those, there are ten municipalities located in more than one county: almond (allegany & steuben counties) attica (genesee & wyoming counties) deposit (broome & delaware counties) dolgeville (fulton & herkimer counties) geneva (ontario & seneca counties) gowanda (cattaraugus & erie counties) new york (bronx, kings, new york, queens & richmond counties) rushville (ontario & yates counties) saranac lake (essex & franklin counties) == extremes in size and population == the most populous and largest city by area in the state is by far new york city, home to 8,804,190 people and comprising just over 300 square miles (800 km2) of land (468.87 square miles (1,210 km2) including water).smallest village, by area: south floral park – 0.096 square miles (0.25 km2) largest village, by area: speculator – 44.571 square miles (115.44 km2) smallest village, by population: dering harbor – 50 (2020) largest village, by population: hempstead – 59,169 (2020) == former villages == listed below are former villages in the state of new york which either dissolved, consolidated or were acquired by another municipality between 1900 and 2018. |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | united states | ethnicgroup | african americans <tsp> united states | language | english language <tsp> united states | leadertitle | president of the united states <tsp> 250 delaware avenue | location | united states <tsp> united states | leadername | barack obama | the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. |
this is a list of municipalities in new york other than towns, which includes all 534 villages and 62 cities of new york.of the 534 villages and 62 cities, there are 596 non-town municipalities in new york.at the time of the 2010 united states census, the state of new york had 555 villages.since then, 21 villages were dissolved (four in cattaraugus county, three in oneida county, two each in chautauqua county, st. lawrence county and wayne county, one each in essex county, jefferson county, seneca county, washington county and oswego county as well as keeseville in clinton and essex counties), while one new village was created in suffolk county (mastic beach).after only seven years of being incorporated, the village of mastic beach dissolved on december 31, 2017.the village of van etten in chemung county and the village of harrisville in lewis county were both dissolved on december 31, 2018, while the village of morristown in st. lawrence county was dissolved on december 31, 2019.the village of south nyack, new york was dissolved in 2022.most municipalities in new york are located within a single town and county, but some municipalities are located in more than one town.of those, there are ten municipalities located in more than one county: almond (allegany & steuben counties) attica (genesee & wyoming counties) deposit (broome & delaware counties) dolgeville (fulton & herkimer counties) geneva (ontario & seneca counties) gowanda (cattaraugus & erie counties) new york (bronx, kings, new york, queens & richmond counties) rushville (ontario & yates counties) saranac lake (essex & franklin counties) == extremes in size and population == the most populous and largest city by area in the state is by far new york city, home to 8,804,190 people and comprising just over 300 square miles (800 km2) of land (468.87 square miles (1,210 km2) including water).the least populous city is sherrill, with just 3,071 inhabitants.the smallest city by area is mechanicville, which covers 0.91 square miles (2.4 km2) (of which 0.08 square miles (0.2 km2) is water).smallest village, by area: south floral park – 0.096 square miles (0.25 km2) largest village, by area: speculator – 44.571 square miles (115.44 km2) smallest village, by population: dering harbor – 50 (2020) largest village, by population: hempstead – 59,169 (2020) == former villages == listed below are former villages in the state of new york which either dissolved, consolidated or were acquired by another municipality between 1900 and 2018.to date during this period, there are a total of 47 villages that have chosen dissolution with more expected in the upcoming years.a former village does have the option to re-incorporate in the future if the community chooses to do so.unless otherwise specified, these communities are currently (or will be) considered census-designated places by the u.s. census bureau. | harrietstown new york city | country | united states <tsp> saranac lake new york | ispartof | harrietstown new york city <tsp> saranac lake new york | ispartof | essex county new york city <tsp> adirondack regional airport | cityserved | lake placid new york <tsp> adirondack regional airport | cityserved | saranac lake new york | this is a list of municipalities in new york other than towns, which includes all 534 villages and 62 cities of new york.of the 534 villages and 62 cities, there are 596 non-town municipalities in new york.at the time of the 2010 united states census, the state of new york had 555 villages.since then, 21 villages were dissolved (four in cattaraugus county, three in oneida county, two each in chautauqua county, st. lawrence county and wayne county, one each in essex county, jefferson county, seneca county, washington county and oswego county as well as keeseville in clinton and essex counties), while one new village was created in suffolk county (mastic beach).the village of south nyack, new york was dissolved in 2022.most municipalities in new york are located within a single town and county, but some municipalities are located in more than one town.of those, there are ten municipalities located in more than one county: almond (allegany & steuben counties) attica (genesee & wyoming counties) deposit (broome & delaware counties) dolgeville (fulton & herkimer counties) geneva (ontario & seneca counties) gowanda (cattaraugus & erie counties) new york (bronx, kings, new york, queens & richmond counties) rushville (ontario & yates counties) saranac lake (essex & franklin counties) == extremes in size and population == the most populous and largest city by area in the state is by far new york city, home to 8,804,190 people and comprising just over 300 square miles (800 km2) of land (468.87 square miles (1,210 km2) including water).smallest village, by area: south floral park – 0.096 square miles (0.25 km2) largest village, by area: speculator – 44.571 square miles (115.44 km2) smallest village, by population: dering harbor – 50 (2020) largest village, by population: hempstead – 59,169 (2020) == former villages == listed below are former villages in the state of new york which either dissolved, consolidated or were acquired by another municipality between 1900 and 2018. |
the alhambra (, spanish: [aˈlambɾa ]; arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) is a palace and fortress complex located in granada, andalusia, spain.it is one of the most famous monuments of islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic islamic world, in addition to containing notable examples of spanish renaissance architecture.the complex was begun in 1238 by muhammad i ibn al-ahmar, the first nasrid emir and founder of the emirate of granada, the last muslim state of al-andalus.it was built on the sabika hill, an outcrop of the sierra nevada which had been the site of earlier fortresses and of the 11th-century palace of samuel ibn naghrillah.later nasrid rulers continuously modified the site.the most significant construction campaigns, which gave the royal palaces much of their definitive character, took place in the 14th century during the reigns of yusuf i and muhammad v. after the conclusion of the christian reconquista in 1492, the site became the royal court of ferdinand and isabella (where christopher columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered.in 1526, charles v commissioned a new renaissance-style palace in direct juxtaposition with the nasrid palaces, but it was left uncompleted in the early 17th century.after being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, with its buildings occupied by squatters, the alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of napoleon i, whose troops destroyed parts of the site.the rediscoverers were first british intellectuals and then other american and northern european romantic travelers.the most influential of them was washington irving, whose tales of the alhambra (1832) brought international attention to the site.the alhambra was one of the first islamic monuments to become the object of modern scientific study and has been the subject of numerous restorations since the 19th century.it is now one of spain's major tourist attractions and a unesco world heritage site.during the nasrid era, the alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of granada below.it contained most of the amenities of a muslim city such as a friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system.as a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces, most of them located along the northern edge where they commanded views over the albaicín quarter.the most famous and best-preserved are the mexuar, the comares palace, the palace of the lions, and the partal palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today.the other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations.at the alhambra's western tip is the alcazaba fortress.multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the alhambra's walls.outside the alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the generalife, a former nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens.the architecture of the nasrid palaces reflects the tradition of moorish architecture developed over previous centuries.it is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a central space and basic unit around which other halls and rooms were organized.courtyards typically had water features at their center, such as a reflective pool or a fountain.decoration was focused on the inside of the building and was executed primarily with tile mosaics on lower walls and carved stucco on the upper walls.geometric patterns, vegetal motifs, and arabic inscriptions were the main types of decorative motifs.additionally, 'stalactite'-like sculpting, known as muqarnas, was used for three-dimensional features like vaulted ceilings.'the red one' (f.), the complete form of which was الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ al-qalʻat al-ḥamrāʼ 'the red fortress (qalat)'. | alhambra | powertype | humphrys tennant and dykes <tsp> alhambra | shipbeam | 83 m <tsp> alhambra | length | 638000 millimetres <tsp> alhambra | builder | samuda brothers <tsp> alhambra | topspeed | 1852 | the alhambra (, spanish: [aˈlambɾa ]; arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) is a palace and fortress complex located in granada, andalusia, spain.the alhambra was one of the first islamic monuments to become the object of modern scientific study and has been the subject of numerous restorations since the 19th century.it is now one of spain's major tourist attractions and a unesco world heritage site.during the nasrid era, the alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of granada below.multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the alhambra's walls.outside the alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the generalife, a former nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens.the architecture of the nasrid palaces reflects the tradition of moorish architecture developed over previous centuries. |
the indian air force (iaf) is the air arm of the indian armed forces.its primary mission is to secure indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during armed conflicts.it was officially established on 8 october 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the british empire which honoured india's aviation service during world war ii with the prefix royal.after india gained independence from united kingdom in 1947, the name royal indian air force was kept and served in the name of the dominion of india.with the transition to a republic in 1950, the prefix royal was removed.since 1950, the iaf has been involved in four wars with neighbouring pakistan.other major operations undertaken by the iaf include operation vijay, operation meghdoot, operation cactus and operation poomalai.the iaf's mission expands beyond engagement with hostile forces, with the iaf participating in united nations peacekeeping missions.the president of india holds the rank of supreme commander of the iaf.as of 1 july 2017, 170,576 personnel are in service with the indian air force.the chief of the air staff, an air chief marshal, is a four-star officer and is responsible for the bulk of operational command of the air force.there is never more than one serving acm at any given time in the iaf.the rank of marshal of the air force has been conferred by the president of india on one occasion in history, to arjan singh.on 26 january 2002, singh became the first and so far, only five-star rank officer of the iaf.it decrees that in the aerial battlespace: defence of india and every part there of including preparation for defence and all such acts as may be conducive in times of war to its prosecution and after its termination to effective demobilisation. the primary objective of iaf is to defend the nation and its airspace against air threats in coordination with army and navy. the secondary purpose is to assist civil power during natural calamities and internal disturbances. the iaf provides close air support to the indian army troops in the battlefield and also provides strategic and tactical airlift capabilities. iaf also provides strategic air lift or secondary airlift for the indian army. the iaf also operates the integrated space cell together with the other two branches of the indian armed forces, the department of space and the indian space research organization (isro). rescue of civilians during natural disasters evacuation of indian nationals from foreign countries in case of instability or other problems in practice, this is taken as a directive meaning the iaf bears the responsibility of safeguarding indian airspace and thus furthering national interests in conjunction with the other branches of the armed forces.the iaf provides close air support to the indian army troops on the battlefield as well as strategic and tactical airlift capabilities.the integrated space cell is operated by the indian armed forces, the civilian department of space, and the indian space research organisation.by uniting the civilian run space exploration organisations and the military faculty under a single integrated space cell the military is able to efficiently benefit from innovation in the civilian sector of space exploration, and the civilian departments benefit as well.the indian air force, with highly trained crews, pilots, and access to modern military assets provides india with the capacity to provide rapid response evacuation, search-and-rescue (sar) operations, and delivery of relief supplies to affected areas via cargo aircraft.the iaf provided extensive assistance to relief operations during natural calamities such as the gujarat cyclone in 1998, the tsunami in 2004, and north india floods in 2013. | indian air force | aircrafthelicopter | hal light combat helicopter <tsp> agra airport | location | uttar pradesh <tsp> agra airport | operatingorganisation | indian air force <tsp> indian air force | transportaircraft | boeing c-17 globemaster iii <tsp> uttar pradesh | ispartof | bundelkhand | the chief of the air staff, an air chief marshal, is a four-star officer and is responsible for the bulk of operational command of the air force.the rank of marshal of the air force has been conferred by the president of india on one occasion in history, to arjan singh. |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | supercritically | vespers | peg | no related information |
the alhambra (, spanish: [aˈlambɾa ]; arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) is a palace and fortress complex located in granada, andalusia, spain.it is one of the most famous monuments of islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic islamic world, in addition to containing notable examples of spanish renaissance architecture.the complex was begun in 1238 by muhammad i ibn al-ahmar, the first nasrid emir and founder of the emirate of granada, the last muslim state of al-andalus.it was built on the sabika hill, an outcrop of the sierra nevada which had been the site of earlier fortresses and of the 11th-century palace of samuel ibn naghrillah.later nasrid rulers continuously modified the site.the most significant construction campaigns, which gave the royal palaces much of their definitive character, took place in the 14th century during the reigns of yusuf i and muhammad v. after the conclusion of the christian reconquista in 1492, the site became the royal court of ferdinand and isabella (where christopher columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered.in 1526, charles v commissioned a new renaissance-style palace in direct juxtaposition with the nasrid palaces, but it was left uncompleted in the early 17th century.after being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, with its buildings occupied by squatters, the alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of napoleon i, whose troops destroyed parts of the site.the rediscoverers were first british intellectuals and then other american and northern european romantic travelers.the most influential of them was washington irving, whose tales of the alhambra (1832) brought international attention to the site.the alhambra was one of the first islamic monuments to become the object of modern scientific study and has been the subject of numerous restorations since the 19th century.it is now one of spain's major tourist attractions and a unesco world heritage site.during the nasrid era, the alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of granada below.it contained most of the amenities of a muslim city such as a friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system.as a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces, most of them located along the northern edge where they commanded views over the albaicín quarter.the most famous and best-preserved are the mexuar, the comares palace, the palace of the lions, and the partal palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today.the other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations.at the alhambra's western tip is the alcazaba fortress.multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the alhambra's walls.outside the alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the generalife, a former nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens.the architecture of the nasrid palaces reflects the tradition of moorish architecture developed over previous centuries.it is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a central space and basic unit around which other halls and rooms were organized.courtyards typically had water features at their center, such as a reflective pool or a fountain.decoration was focused on the inside of the building and was executed primarily with tile mosaics on lower walls and carved stucco on the upper walls.geometric patterns, vegetal motifs, and arabic inscriptions were the main types of decorative motifs.additionally, 'stalactite'-like sculpting, known as muqarnas, was used for three-dimensional features like vaulted ceilings.'the red one' (f.), the complete form of which was الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ al-qalʻat al-ḥamrāʼ 'the red fortress (qalat)'. | alhambra | shipbeam | 83 m <tsp> alhambra | builder | samuda brothers <tsp> alhambra | length | 638000 millimetres <tsp> alhambra | shiplaunch | 1855-05-31 <tsp> alhambra | topspeed | 1852 | no related information |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | united states | ethnicgroup | native americans in the united states <tsp> united states | language | english language <tsp> united states | leadertitle | president of the united states <tsp> united states | leadername | john roberts <tsp> 250 delaware avenue | location | united states | the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. |
the indian air force (iaf) is the air arm of the indian armed forces.its primary mission is to secure indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during armed conflicts.it was officially established on 8 october 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the british empire which honoured india's aviation service during world war ii with the prefix royal.after india gained independence from united kingdom in 1947, the name royal indian air force was kept and served in the name of the dominion of india.with the transition to a republic in 1950, the prefix royal was removed.since 1950, the iaf has been involved in four wars with neighbouring pakistan.other major operations undertaken by the iaf include operation vijay, operation meghdoot, operation cactus and operation poomalai.the iaf's mission expands beyond engagement with hostile forces, with the iaf participating in united nations peacekeeping missions.the president of india holds the rank of supreme commander of the iaf.as of 1 july 2017, 170,576 personnel are in service with the indian air force.the chief of the air staff, an air chief marshal, is a four-star officer and is responsible for the bulk of operational command of the air force.there is never more than one serving acm at any given time in the iaf.the rank of marshal of the air force has been conferred by the president of india on one occasion in history, to arjan singh.on 26 january 2002, singh became the first and so far, only five-star rank officer of the iaf.it decrees that in the aerial battlespace: defence of india and every part there of including preparation for defence and all such acts as may be conducive in times of war to its prosecution and after its termination to effective demobilisation. the primary objective of iaf is to defend the nation and its airspace against air threats in coordination with army and navy. the secondary purpose is to assist civil power during natural calamities and internal disturbances. the iaf provides close air support to the indian army troops in the battlefield and also provides strategic and tactical airlift capabilities. iaf also provides strategic air lift or secondary airlift for the indian army. the iaf also operates the integrated space cell together with the other two branches of the indian armed forces, the department of space and the indian space research organization (isro). rescue of civilians during natural disasters evacuation of indian nationals from foreign countries in case of instability or other problems in practice, this is taken as a directive meaning the iaf bears the responsibility of safeguarding indian airspace and thus furthering national interests in conjunction with the other branches of the armed forces.the iaf provides close air support to the indian army troops on the battlefield as well as strategic and tactical airlift capabilities.the integrated space cell is operated by the indian armed forces, the civilian department of space, and the indian space research organisation.by uniting the civilian run space exploration organisations and the military faculty under a single integrated space cell the military is able to efficiently benefit from innovation in the civilian sector of space exploration, and the civilian departments benefit as well.the indian air force, with highly trained crews, pilots, and access to modern military assets provides india with the capacity to provide rapid response evacuation, search-and-rescue (sar) operations, and delivery of relief supplies to affected areas via cargo aircraft.the iaf provided extensive assistance to relief operations during natural calamities such as the gujarat cyclone in 1998, the tsunami in 2004, and north india floods in 2013. | warner | belostomidae | gypsylike | no related information |
the alhambra (, spanish: [aˈlambɾa ]; arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) is a palace and fortress complex located in granada, andalusia, spain.it is one of the most famous monuments of islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic islamic world, in addition to containing notable examples of spanish renaissance architecture.the complex was begun in 1238 by muhammad i ibn al-ahmar, the first nasrid emir and founder of the emirate of granada, the last muslim state of al-andalus.it was built on the sabika hill, an outcrop of the sierra nevada which had been the site of earlier fortresses and of the 11th-century palace of samuel ibn naghrillah.later nasrid rulers continuously modified the site.the most significant construction campaigns, which gave the royal palaces much of their definitive character, took place in the 14th century during the reigns of yusuf i and muhammad v. after the conclusion of the christian reconquista in 1492, the site became the royal court of ferdinand and isabella (where christopher columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered.in 1526, charles v commissioned a new renaissance-style palace in direct juxtaposition with the nasrid palaces, but it was left uncompleted in the early 17th century.after being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, with its buildings occupied by squatters, the alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of napoleon i, whose troops destroyed parts of the site.the rediscoverers were first british intellectuals and then other american and northern european romantic travelers.the most influential of them was washington irving, whose tales of the alhambra (1832) brought international attention to the site.the alhambra was one of the first islamic monuments to become the object of modern scientific study and has been the subject of numerous restorations since the 19th century.it is now one of spain's major tourist attractions and a unesco world heritage site.during the nasrid era, the alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of granada below.it contained most of the amenities of a muslim city such as a friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system.as a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces, most of them located along the northern edge where they commanded views over the albaicín quarter.the most famous and best-preserved are the mexuar, the comares palace, the palace of the lions, and the partal palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today.the other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations.at the alhambra's western tip is the alcazaba fortress.multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the alhambra's walls.outside the alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the generalife, a former nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens.the architecture of the nasrid palaces reflects the tradition of moorish architecture developed over previous centuries.it is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a central space and basic unit around which other halls and rooms were organized.courtyards typically had water features at their center, such as a reflective pool or a fountain.decoration was focused on the inside of the building and was executed primarily with tile mosaics on lower walls and carved stucco on the upper walls.geometric patterns, vegetal motifs, and arabic inscriptions were the main types of decorative motifs.additionally, 'stalactite'-like sculpting, known as muqarnas, was used for three-dimensional features like vaulted ceilings.'the red one' (f.), the complete form of which was الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ al-qalʻat al-ḥamrāʼ 'the red fortress (qalat)'. | alhambra | shipbeam | 83 m <tsp> alhambra | builder | samuda brothers <tsp> alhambra | length | 638000 millimetres <tsp> alhambra | shiplaunch | 1855-05-31 <tsp> alhambra | topspeed | 1852 | no related information |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | united states | ethnicgroup | native americans in the united states <tsp> united states | language | english language <tsp> united states | leadertitle | president of the united states <tsp> united states | leadername | paul ryan <tsp> 250 delaware avenue | location | united states | the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. |
the alhambra (, spanish: [aˈlambɾa ]; arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) is a palace and fortress complex located in granada, andalusia, spain.it is one of the most famous monuments of islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic islamic world, in addition to containing notable examples of spanish renaissance architecture.the complex was begun in 1238 by muhammad i ibn al-ahmar, the first nasrid emir and founder of the emirate of granada, the last muslim state of al-andalus.it was built on the sabika hill, an outcrop of the sierra nevada which had been the site of earlier fortresses and of the 11th-century palace of samuel ibn naghrillah.later nasrid rulers continuously modified the site.the most significant construction campaigns, which gave the royal palaces much of their definitive character, took place in the 14th century during the reigns of yusuf i and muhammad v. after the conclusion of the christian reconquista in 1492, the site became the royal court of ferdinand and isabella (where christopher columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered.in 1526, charles v commissioned a new renaissance-style palace in direct juxtaposition with the nasrid palaces, but it was left uncompleted in the early 17th century.after being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, with its buildings occupied by squatters, the alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of napoleon i, whose troops destroyed parts of the site.the rediscoverers were first british intellectuals and then other american and northern european romantic travelers.the most influential of them was washington irving, whose tales of the alhambra (1832) brought international attention to the site.the alhambra was one of the first islamic monuments to become the object of modern scientific study and has been the subject of numerous restorations since the 19th century.it is now one of spain's major tourist attractions and a unesco world heritage site.during the nasrid era, the alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of granada below.it contained most of the amenities of a muslim city such as a friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system.as a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces, most of them located along the northern edge where they commanded views over the albaicín quarter.the most famous and best-preserved are the mexuar, the comares palace, the palace of the lions, and the partal palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today.the other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations.at the alhambra's western tip is the alcazaba fortress.multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the alhambra's walls.outside the alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the generalife, a former nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens.the architecture of the nasrid palaces reflects the tradition of moorish architecture developed over previous centuries.it is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a central space and basic unit around which other halls and rooms were organized.courtyards typically had water features at their center, such as a reflective pool or a fountain.decoration was focused on the inside of the building and was executed primarily with tile mosaics on lower walls and carved stucco on the upper walls.geometric patterns, vegetal motifs, and arabic inscriptions were the main types of decorative motifs.additionally, 'stalactite'-like sculpting, known as muqarnas, was used for three-dimensional features like vaulted ceilings.'the red one' (f.), the complete form of which was الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ al-qalʻat al-ḥamrāʼ 'the red fortress (qalat)'. | straightest | svelteness | invocational | no related information |
the indian air force (iaf) is the air arm of the indian armed forces.its primary mission is to secure indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during armed conflicts.it was officially established on 8 october 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the british empire which honoured india's aviation service during world war ii with the prefix royal.after india gained independence from united kingdom in 1947, the name royal indian air force was kept and served in the name of the dominion of india.with the transition to a republic in 1950, the prefix royal was removed.since 1950, the iaf has been involved in four wars with neighbouring pakistan.other major operations undertaken by the iaf include operation vijay, operation meghdoot, operation cactus and operation poomalai.the iaf's mission expands beyond engagement with hostile forces, with the iaf participating in united nations peacekeeping missions.the president of india holds the rank of supreme commander of the iaf.as of 1 july 2017, 170,576 personnel are in service with the indian air force.the chief of the air staff, an air chief marshal, is a four-star officer and is responsible for the bulk of operational command of the air force.there is never more than one serving acm at any given time in the iaf.the rank of marshal of the air force has been conferred by the president of india on one occasion in history, to arjan singh.on 26 january 2002, singh became the first and so far, only five-star rank officer of the iaf.it decrees that in the aerial battlespace: defence of india and every part there of including preparation for defence and all such acts as may be conducive in times of war to its prosecution and after its termination to effective demobilisation. the primary objective of iaf is to defend the nation and its airspace against air threats in coordination with army and navy. the secondary purpose is to assist civil power during natural calamities and internal disturbances. the iaf provides close air support to the indian army troops in the battlefield and also provides strategic and tactical airlift capabilities. iaf also provides strategic air lift or secondary airlift for the indian army. the iaf also operates the integrated space cell together with the other two branches of the indian armed forces, the department of space and the indian space research organization (isro). rescue of civilians during natural disasters evacuation of indian nationals from foreign countries in case of instability or other problems in practice, this is taken as a directive meaning the iaf bears the responsibility of safeguarding indian airspace and thus furthering national interests in conjunction with the other branches of the armed forces.the iaf provides close air support to the indian army troops on the battlefield as well as strategic and tactical airlift capabilities.the integrated space cell is operated by the indian armed forces, the civilian department of space, and the indian space research organisation.by uniting the civilian run space exploration organisations and the military faculty under a single integrated space cell the military is able to efficiently benefit from innovation in the civilian sector of space exploration, and the civilian departments benefit as well.the indian air force, with highly trained crews, pilots, and access to modern military assets provides india with the capacity to provide rapid response evacuation, search-and-rescue (sar) operations, and delivery of relief supplies to affected areas via cargo aircraft.the iaf provided extensive assistance to relief operations during natural calamities such as the gujarat cyclone in 1998, the tsunami in 2004, and north india floods in 2013. | fundungi | tenacy | automanipulation <tsp> fundungi | balanoposthitis | cacotheline | no related information |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | prodigality | woodhewer | exanthine | no related information |
the alhambra (, spanish: [aˈlambɾa ]; arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) is a palace and fortress complex located in granada, andalusia, spain.it is one of the most famous monuments of islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic islamic world, in addition to containing notable examples of spanish renaissance architecture.the complex was begun in 1238 by muhammad i ibn al-ahmar, the first nasrid emir and founder of the emirate of granada, the last muslim state of al-andalus.it was built on the sabika hill, an outcrop of the sierra nevada which had been the site of earlier fortresses and of the 11th-century palace of samuel ibn naghrillah.later nasrid rulers continuously modified the site.the most significant construction campaigns, which gave the royal palaces much of their definitive character, took place in the 14th century during the reigns of yusuf i and muhammad v. after the conclusion of the christian reconquista in 1492, the site became the royal court of ferdinand and isabella (where christopher columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered.in 1526, charles v commissioned a new renaissance-style palace in direct juxtaposition with the nasrid palaces, but it was left uncompleted in the early 17th century.after being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, with its buildings occupied by squatters, the alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of napoleon i, whose troops destroyed parts of the site.the rediscoverers were first british intellectuals and then other american and northern european romantic travelers.the most influential of them was washington irving, whose tales of the alhambra (1832) brought international attention to the site.the alhambra was one of the first islamic monuments to become the object of modern scientific study and has been the subject of numerous restorations since the 19th century.it is now one of spain's major tourist attractions and a unesco world heritage site.during the nasrid era, the alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of granada below.it contained most of the amenities of a muslim city such as a friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system.as a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces, most of them located along the northern edge where they commanded views over the albaicín quarter.the most famous and best-preserved are the mexuar, the comares palace, the palace of the lions, and the partal palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today.the other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations.at the alhambra's western tip is the alcazaba fortress.multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the alhambra's walls.outside the alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the generalife, a former nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens.the architecture of the nasrid palaces reflects the tradition of moorish architecture developed over previous centuries.it is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a central space and basic unit around which other halls and rooms were organized.courtyards typically had water features at their center, such as a reflective pool or a fountain.decoration was focused on the inside of the building and was executed primarily with tile mosaics on lower walls and carved stucco on the upper walls.geometric patterns, vegetal motifs, and arabic inscriptions were the main types of decorative motifs.additionally, 'stalactite'-like sculpting, known as muqarnas, was used for three-dimensional features like vaulted ceilings.'the red one' (f.), the complete form of which was الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ al-qalʻat al-ḥamrāʼ 'the red fortress (qalat)'. | reformated | macaques | tonitrocirrus | no related information |
the indian air force (iaf) is the air arm of the indian armed forces.its primary mission is to secure indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during armed conflicts.it was officially established on 8 october 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the british empire which honoured india's aviation service during world war ii with the prefix royal.after india gained independence from united kingdom in 1947, the name royal indian air force was kept and served in the name of the dominion of india.with the transition to a republic in 1950, the prefix royal was removed.since 1950, the iaf has been involved in four wars with neighbouring pakistan.other major operations undertaken by the iaf include operation vijay, operation meghdoot, operation cactus and operation poomalai.the iaf's mission expands beyond engagement with hostile forces, with the iaf participating in united nations peacekeeping missions.the president of india holds the rank of supreme commander of the iaf.as of 1 july 2017, 170,576 personnel are in service with the indian air force.the chief of the air staff, an air chief marshal, is a four-star officer and is responsible for the bulk of operational command of the air force.there is never more than one serving acm at any given time in the iaf.the rank of marshal of the air force has been conferred by the president of india on one occasion in history, to arjan singh.on 26 january 2002, singh became the first and so far, only five-star rank officer of the iaf.it decrees that in the aerial battlespace: defence of india and every part there of including preparation for defence and all such acts as may be conducive in times of war to its prosecution and after its termination to effective demobilisation. the primary objective of iaf is to defend the nation and its airspace against air threats in coordination with army and navy. the secondary purpose is to assist civil power during natural calamities and internal disturbances. the iaf provides close air support to the indian army troops in the battlefield and also provides strategic and tactical airlift capabilities. iaf also provides strategic air lift or secondary airlift for the indian army. the iaf also operates the integrated space cell together with the other two branches of the indian armed forces, the department of space and the indian space research organization (isro). rescue of civilians during natural disasters evacuation of indian nationals from foreign countries in case of instability or other problems in practice, this is taken as a directive meaning the iaf bears the responsibility of safeguarding indian airspace and thus furthering national interests in conjunction with the other branches of the armed forces.the iaf provides close air support to the indian army troops on the battlefield as well as strategic and tactical airlift capabilities.the integrated space cell is operated by the indian armed forces, the civilian department of space, and the indian space research organisation.by uniting the civilian run space exploration organisations and the military faculty under a single integrated space cell the military is able to efficiently benefit from innovation in the civilian sector of space exploration, and the civilian departments benefit as well.the indian air force, with highly trained crews, pilots, and access to modern military assets provides india with the capacity to provide rapid response evacuation, search-and-rescue (sar) operations, and delivery of relief supplies to affected areas via cargo aircraft.the iaf provided extensive assistance to relief operations during natural calamities such as the gujarat cyclone in 1998, the tsunami in 2004, and north india floods in 2013. | breeds | sycophantry | cummins | no related information |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | united states | language | english language <tsp> united states | leadertitle | president of the united states <tsp> united states | leadername | joe biden <tsp> 250 delaware avenue | location | united states <tsp> united states | ethnicgroup | asian americans | the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. |
the alhambra (, spanish: [aˈlambɾa ]; arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) is a palace and fortress complex located in granada, andalusia, spain.it is one of the most famous monuments of islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic islamic world, in addition to containing notable examples of spanish renaissance architecture.the complex was begun in 1238 by muhammad i ibn al-ahmar, the first nasrid emir and founder of the emirate of granada, the last muslim state of al-andalus.it was built on the sabika hill, an outcrop of the sierra nevada which had been the site of earlier fortresses and of the 11th-century palace of samuel ibn naghrillah.later nasrid rulers continuously modified the site.the most significant construction campaigns, which gave the royal palaces much of their definitive character, took place in the 14th century during the reigns of yusuf i and muhammad v. after the conclusion of the christian reconquista in 1492, the site became the royal court of ferdinand and isabella (where christopher columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered.in 1526, charles v commissioned a new renaissance-style palace in direct juxtaposition with the nasrid palaces, but it was left uncompleted in the early 17th century.after being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, with its buildings occupied by squatters, the alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of napoleon i, whose troops destroyed parts of the site.the rediscoverers were first british intellectuals and then other american and northern european romantic travelers.the most influential of them was washington irving, whose tales of the alhambra (1832) brought international attention to the site.the alhambra was one of the first islamic monuments to become the object of modern scientific study and has been the subject of numerous restorations since the 19th century.it is now one of spain's major tourist attractions and a unesco world heritage site.during the nasrid era, the alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of granada below.it contained most of the amenities of a muslim city such as a friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system.as a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces, most of them located along the northern edge where they commanded views over the albaicín quarter.the most famous and best-preserved are the mexuar, the comares palace, the palace of the lions, and the partal palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today.the other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations.at the alhambra's western tip is the alcazaba fortress.multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the alhambra's walls.outside the alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the generalife, a former nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens.the architecture of the nasrid palaces reflects the tradition of moorish architecture developed over previous centuries.it is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a central space and basic unit around which other halls and rooms were organized.courtyards typically had water features at their center, such as a reflective pool or a fountain.decoration was focused on the inside of the building and was executed primarily with tile mosaics on lower walls and carved stucco on the upper walls.geometric patterns, vegetal motifs, and arabic inscriptions were the main types of decorative motifs.additionally, 'stalactite'-like sculpting, known as muqarnas, was used for three-dimensional features like vaulted ceilings.'the red one' (f.), the complete form of which was الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ al-qalʻat al-ḥamrāʼ 'the red fortress (qalat)'. | fixer | unphilosophize | merpeople | no related information |
the indian air force (iaf) is the air arm of the indian armed forces.its primary mission is to secure indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during armed conflicts.it was officially established on 8 october 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the british empire which honoured india's aviation service during world war ii with the prefix royal.after india gained independence from united kingdom in 1947, the name royal indian air force was kept and served in the name of the dominion of india.with the transition to a republic in 1950, the prefix royal was removed.since 1950, the iaf has been involved in four wars with neighbouring pakistan.other major operations undertaken by the iaf include operation vijay, operation meghdoot, operation cactus and operation poomalai.the iaf's mission expands beyond engagement with hostile forces, with the iaf participating in united nations peacekeeping missions.the president of india holds the rank of supreme commander of the iaf.as of 1 july 2017, 170,576 personnel are in service with the indian air force.the chief of the air staff, an air chief marshal, is a four-star officer and is responsible for the bulk of operational command of the air force.there is never more than one serving acm at any given time in the iaf.the rank of marshal of the air force has been conferred by the president of india on one occasion in history, to arjan singh.on 26 january 2002, singh became the first and so far, only five-star rank officer of the iaf.it decrees that in the aerial battlespace: defence of india and every part there of including preparation for defence and all such acts as may be conducive in times of war to its prosecution and after its termination to effective demobilisation. the primary objective of iaf is to defend the nation and its airspace against air threats in coordination with army and navy. the secondary purpose is to assist civil power during natural calamities and internal disturbances. the iaf provides close air support to the indian army troops in the battlefield and also provides strategic and tactical airlift capabilities. iaf also provides strategic air lift or secondary airlift for the indian army. the iaf also operates the integrated space cell together with the other two branches of the indian armed forces, the department of space and the indian space research organization (isro). rescue of civilians during natural disasters evacuation of indian nationals from foreign countries in case of instability or other problems in practice, this is taken as a directive meaning the iaf bears the responsibility of safeguarding indian airspace and thus furthering national interests in conjunction with the other branches of the armed forces.the iaf provides close air support to the indian army troops on the battlefield as well as strategic and tactical airlift capabilities.the integrated space cell is operated by the indian armed forces, the civilian department of space, and the indian space research organisation.by uniting the civilian run space exploration organisations and the military faculty under a single integrated space cell the military is able to efficiently benefit from innovation in the civilian sector of space exploration, and the civilian departments benefit as well.the indian air force, with highly trained crews, pilots, and access to modern military assets provides india with the capacity to provide rapid response evacuation, search-and-rescue (sar) operations, and delivery of relief supplies to affected areas via cargo aircraft.the iaf provided extensive assistance to relief operations during natural calamities such as the gujarat cyclone in 1998, the tsunami in 2004, and north india floods in 2013. | unburdening | brickleness | bubblier | no related information |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | united states | language | english language <tsp> united states | leadertitle | president of the united states <tsp> united states | leadername | joe biden <tsp> 250 delaware avenue | location | united states <tsp> united states | ethnicgroup | asian americans | the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | united states | language | english language <tsp> united states | leadertitle | president of the united states <tsp> united states | leadername | joe biden <tsp> 250 delaware avenue | location | united states <tsp> united states | ethnicgroup | asian americans | the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. |
the alhambra (, spanish: [aˈlambɾa ]; arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) is a palace and fortress complex located in granada, andalusia, spain.it is one of the most famous monuments of islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic islamic world, in addition to containing notable examples of spanish renaissance architecture.the complex was begun in 1238 by muhammad i ibn al-ahmar, the first nasrid emir and founder of the emirate of granada, the last muslim state of al-andalus.it was built on the sabika hill, an outcrop of the sierra nevada which had been the site of earlier fortresses and of the 11th-century palace of samuel ibn naghrillah.later nasrid rulers continuously modified the site.the most significant construction campaigns, which gave the royal palaces much of their definitive character, took place in the 14th century during the reigns of yusuf i and muhammad v. after the conclusion of the christian reconquista in 1492, the site became the royal court of ferdinand and isabella (where christopher columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered.in 1526, charles v commissioned a new renaissance-style palace in direct juxtaposition with the nasrid palaces, but it was left uncompleted in the early 17th century.after being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, with its buildings occupied by squatters, the alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of napoleon i, whose troops destroyed parts of the site.the rediscoverers were first british intellectuals and then other american and northern european romantic travelers.the most influential of them was washington irving, whose tales of the alhambra (1832) brought international attention to the site.the alhambra was one of the first islamic monuments to become the object of modern scientific study and has been the subject of numerous restorations since the 19th century.it is now one of spain's major tourist attractions and a unesco world heritage site.during the nasrid era, the alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of granada below.it contained most of the amenities of a muslim city such as a friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system.as a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces, most of them located along the northern edge where they commanded views over the albaicín quarter.the most famous and best-preserved are the mexuar, the comares palace, the palace of the lions, and the partal palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today.the other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations.at the alhambra's western tip is the alcazaba fortress.multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the alhambra's walls.outside the alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the generalife, a former nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens.the architecture of the nasrid palaces reflects the tradition of moorish architecture developed over previous centuries.it is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a central space and basic unit around which other halls and rooms were organized.courtyards typically had water features at their center, such as a reflective pool or a fountain.decoration was focused on the inside of the building and was executed primarily with tile mosaics on lower walls and carved stucco on the upper walls.geometric patterns, vegetal motifs, and arabic inscriptions were the main types of decorative motifs.additionally, 'stalactite'-like sculpting, known as muqarnas, was used for three-dimensional features like vaulted ceilings.'the red one' (f.), the complete form of which was الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ al-qalʻat al-ḥamrāʼ 'the red fortress (qalat)'. | faction | procurators | rakers | no related information |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | united states | language | english language <tsp> united states | leadertitle | president of the united states <tsp> united states | leadername | john roberts <tsp> 250 delaware avenue | location | united states <tsp> united states | ethnicgroup | asian americans | the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. |
the alhambra (, spanish: [aˈlambɾa ]; arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) is a palace and fortress complex located in granada, andalusia, spain.it is one of the most famous monuments of islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic islamic world, in addition to containing notable examples of spanish renaissance architecture.the complex was begun in 1238 by muhammad i ibn al-ahmar, the first nasrid emir and founder of the emirate of granada, the last muslim state of al-andalus.it was built on the sabika hill, an outcrop of the sierra nevada which had been the site of earlier fortresses and of the 11th-century palace of samuel ibn naghrillah.later nasrid rulers continuously modified the site.the most significant construction campaigns, which gave the royal palaces much of their definitive character, took place in the 14th century during the reigns of yusuf i and muhammad v. after the conclusion of the christian reconquista in 1492, the site became the royal court of ferdinand and isabella (where christopher columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered.in 1526, charles v commissioned a new renaissance-style palace in direct juxtaposition with the nasrid palaces, but it was left uncompleted in the early 17th century.after being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, with its buildings occupied by squatters, the alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of napoleon i, whose troops destroyed parts of the site.the rediscoverers were first british intellectuals and then other american and northern european romantic travelers.the most influential of them was washington irving, whose tales of the alhambra (1832) brought international attention to the site.the alhambra was one of the first islamic monuments to become the object of modern scientific study and has been the subject of numerous restorations since the 19th century.it is now one of spain's major tourist attractions and a unesco world heritage site.during the nasrid era, the alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of granada below.it contained most of the amenities of a muslim city such as a friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system.as a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces, most of them located along the northern edge where they commanded views over the albaicín quarter.the most famous and best-preserved are the mexuar, the comares palace, the palace of the lions, and the partal palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today.the other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations.at the alhambra's western tip is the alcazaba fortress.multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the alhambra's walls.outside the alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the generalife, a former nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens.the architecture of the nasrid palaces reflects the tradition of moorish architecture developed over previous centuries.it is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a central space and basic unit around which other halls and rooms were organized.courtyards typically had water features at their center, such as a reflective pool or a fountain.decoration was focused on the inside of the building and was executed primarily with tile mosaics on lower walls and carved stucco on the upper walls.geometric patterns, vegetal motifs, and arabic inscriptions were the main types of decorative motifs.additionally, 'stalactite'-like sculpting, known as muqarnas, was used for three-dimensional features like vaulted ceilings.'the red one' (f.), the complete form of which was الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ al-qalʻat al-ḥamrāʼ 'the red fortress (qalat)'. | capreoline | scaringly | perries | no related information |
iran, also known as persia and officially as the islamic republic of iran, is a country located in western asia.it is bordered by iraq and turkey to the west, by azerbaijan and armenia to the northwest, by the caspian sea and turkmenistan to the north, by afghanistan and pakistan to the east, and by the gulf of oman and the persian gulf to the south.it covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the middle east.its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital tehran, mashhad, isfahan, karaj, shiraz, tabriz and ahvaz.the country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium bc.it was first unified by the medes, an ancient iranian people, in the seventh century bc, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century bc, when cyrus the great founded the achaemenid persian empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower.the achaemenid empire fell to alexander the great in the fourth century bc and was subsequently divided into several hellenistic states.an iranian rebellion established the parthian empire in the third century bc, which was succeeded in the third century ad by the sassanid empire, a major world power for the next four centuries.arab muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century ad, which led to the islamization of iran.it subsequently became a major center of islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the muslim world and beyond during the islamic golden age.over the next two centuries, a series of native iranian muslim dynasties emerged before the seljuk turks and the mongols conquered the region.in the 15th century, the native safavids re-established a unified iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to shia islam.under the reign of nader shah in the 18th century, iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the russian empire led to significant territorial losses.the early 20th century saw the persian constitutional revolution.efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from western companies led to an anglo-american coup in 1953, which resulted in greater autocratic rule under mohammad reza pahlavi and growing western political influence.he went on to launch a far-reaching series of reforms in 1963.after the iranian revolution, the current islamic republic was established in 1979 by ruhollah khomeini, who became the country's first supreme leader.the government of iran is an islamic theocracy that includes some elements of a presidential system, with the ultimate authority vested in an autocratic 'supreme leader' (rahbar); a position held by ali khamenei since khomeini's death in 1989.the iranian government is authoritarian, and has received criticism for its significant constraints and abuses against human rights and civil liberties, including several violent suppressions of mass protests, unfair elections, limited rights for women and for children as well as for its mass executions, the second largest in the world.it is also a focal point for shia islam within the middle east, countering the long-existing arab and sunni leadership in the region.since the iranian revolution, the country is widely considered to be the most determined adversary of israel and also of saudi arabia.iran is regarded as a key player in west asia's geo-politics, with its government widely condemned for pursuing an aggressive foreign policy in its neighborhood, marked by supporting numerous shia jihadist groups like hezbollah, houthis and kata'ib hezbollah. | imitant | versed | reknitting <tsp> imitant | mudproof | latifundio | no related information |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | vitalisms | buttering | mobilian | no related information |
iran, also known as persia and officially as the islamic republic of iran, is a country located in western asia.it is bordered by iraq and turkey to the west, by azerbaijan and armenia to the northwest, by the caspian sea and turkmenistan to the north, by afghanistan and pakistan to the east, and by the gulf of oman and the persian gulf to the south.it covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the middle east.its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital tehran, mashhad, isfahan, karaj, shiraz, tabriz and ahvaz.the country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium bc.it was first unified by the medes, an ancient iranian people, in the seventh century bc, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century bc, when cyrus the great founded the achaemenid persian empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower.the achaemenid empire fell to alexander the great in the fourth century bc and was subsequently divided into several hellenistic states.an iranian rebellion established the parthian empire in the third century bc, which was succeeded in the third century ad by the sassanid empire, a major world power for the next four centuries.arab muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century ad, which led to the islamization of iran.it subsequently became a major center of islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the muslim world and beyond during the islamic golden age.over the next two centuries, a series of native iranian muslim dynasties emerged before the seljuk turks and the mongols conquered the region.in the 15th century, the native safavids re-established a unified iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to shia islam.under the reign of nader shah in the 18th century, iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the russian empire led to significant territorial losses.the early 20th century saw the persian constitutional revolution.efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from western companies led to an anglo-american coup in 1953, which resulted in greater autocratic rule under mohammad reza pahlavi and growing western political influence.he went on to launch a far-reaching series of reforms in 1963.after the iranian revolution, the current islamic republic was established in 1979 by ruhollah khomeini, who became the country's first supreme leader.the government of iran is an islamic theocracy that includes some elements of a presidential system, with the ultimate authority vested in an autocratic 'supreme leader' (rahbar); a position held by ali khamenei since khomeini's death in 1989.the iranian government is authoritarian, and has received criticism for its significant constraints and abuses against human rights and civil liberties, including several violent suppressions of mass protests, unfair elections, limited rights for women and for children as well as for its mass executions, the second largest in the world.it is also a focal point for shia islam within the middle east, countering the long-existing arab and sunni leadership in the region.since the iranian revolution, the country is widely considered to be the most determined adversary of israel and also of saudi arabia.iran is regarded as a key player in west asia's geo-politics, with its government widely condemned for pursuing an aggressive foreign policy in its neighborhood, marked by supporting numerous shia jihadist groups like hezbollah, houthis and kata'ib hezbollah. | spatzle | sallow | argusfish | no related information |
the alhambra (, spanish: [aˈlambɾa ]; arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) is a palace and fortress complex located in granada, andalusia, spain.it is one of the most famous monuments of islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic islamic world, in addition to containing notable examples of spanish renaissance architecture.the complex was begun in 1238 by muhammad i ibn al-ahmar, the first nasrid emir and founder of the emirate of granada, the last muslim state of al-andalus.it was built on the sabika hill, an outcrop of the sierra nevada which had been the site of earlier fortresses and of the 11th-century palace of samuel ibn naghrillah.later nasrid rulers continuously modified the site.the most significant construction campaigns, which gave the royal palaces much of their definitive character, took place in the 14th century during the reigns of yusuf i and muhammad v. after the conclusion of the christian reconquista in 1492, the site became the royal court of ferdinand and isabella (where christopher columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered.in 1526, charles v commissioned a new renaissance-style palace in direct juxtaposition with the nasrid palaces, but it was left uncompleted in the early 17th century.after being allowed to fall into disrepair for centuries, with its buildings occupied by squatters, the alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of napoleon i, whose troops destroyed parts of the site.the rediscoverers were first british intellectuals and then other american and northern european romantic travelers.the most influential of them was washington irving, whose tales of the alhambra (1832) brought international attention to the site.the alhambra was one of the first islamic monuments to become the object of modern scientific study and has been the subject of numerous restorations since the 19th century.it is now one of spain's major tourist attractions and a unesco world heritage site.during the nasrid era, the alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of granada below.it contained most of the amenities of a muslim city such as a friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system.as a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces, most of them located along the northern edge where they commanded views over the albaicín quarter.the most famous and best-preserved are the mexuar, the comares palace, the palace of the lions, and the partal palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today.the other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations.at the alhambra's western tip is the alcazaba fortress.multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the alhambra's walls.outside the alhambra walls and located nearby to the east is the generalife, a former nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens.the architecture of the nasrid palaces reflects the tradition of moorish architecture developed over previous centuries.it is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a central space and basic unit around which other halls and rooms were organized.courtyards typically had water features at their center, such as a reflective pool or a fountain.decoration was focused on the inside of the building and was executed primarily with tile mosaics on lower walls and carved stucco on the upper walls.geometric patterns, vegetal motifs, and arabic inscriptions were the main types of decorative motifs.additionally, 'stalactite'-like sculpting, known as muqarnas, was used for three-dimensional features like vaulted ceilings.'the red one' (f.), the complete form of which was الْقَلْعَةُ ٱلْحَمْرَاءُ al-qalʻat al-ḥamrāʼ 'the red fortress (qalat)'. | speeled | pyrosomoid | reastray <tsp> speeled | megalophonous | smokyseeming | no related information |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | united states | language | english language <tsp> united states | leadertitle | president of the united states <tsp> united states | leadername | john roberts <tsp> 250 delaware avenue | location | united states <tsp> united states | ethnicgroup | white americans | the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. |
iran, also known as persia and officially as the islamic republic of iran, is a country located in western asia.it is bordered by iraq and turkey to the west, by azerbaijan and armenia to the northwest, by the caspian sea and turkmenistan to the north, by afghanistan and pakistan to the east, and by the gulf of oman and the persian gulf to the south.it covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the middle east.its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital tehran, mashhad, isfahan, karaj, shiraz, tabriz and ahvaz.the country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium bc.it was first unified by the medes, an ancient iranian people, in the seventh century bc, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century bc, when cyrus the great founded the achaemenid persian empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower.the achaemenid empire fell to alexander the great in the fourth century bc and was subsequently divided into several hellenistic states.an iranian rebellion established the parthian empire in the third century bc, which was succeeded in the third century ad by the sassanid empire, a major world power for the next four centuries.arab muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century ad, which led to the islamization of iran.it subsequently became a major center of islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the muslim world and beyond during the islamic golden age.over the next two centuries, a series of native iranian muslim dynasties emerged before the seljuk turks and the mongols conquered the region.in the 15th century, the native safavids re-established a unified iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to shia islam.under the reign of nader shah in the 18th century, iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the russian empire led to significant territorial losses.the early 20th century saw the persian constitutional revolution.efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from western companies led to an anglo-american coup in 1953, which resulted in greater autocratic rule under mohammad reza pahlavi and growing western political influence.he went on to launch a far-reaching series of reforms in 1963.after the iranian revolution, the current islamic republic was established in 1979 by ruhollah khomeini, who became the country's first supreme leader.the government of iran is an islamic theocracy that includes some elements of a presidential system, with the ultimate authority vested in an autocratic 'supreme leader' (rahbar); a position held by ali khamenei since khomeini's death in 1989.the iranian government is authoritarian, and has received criticism for its significant constraints and abuses against human rights and civil liberties, including several violent suppressions of mass protests, unfair elections, limited rights for women and for children as well as for its mass executions, the second largest in the world.it is also a focal point for shia islam within the middle east, countering the long-existing arab and sunni leadership in the region.since the iranian revolution, the country is widely considered to be the most determined adversary of israel and also of saudi arabia.iran is regarded as a key player in west asia's geo-politics, with its government widely condemned for pursuing an aggressive foreign policy in its neighborhood, marked by supporting numerous shia jihadist groups like hezbollah, houthis and kata'ib hezbollah. | coeloms | upspeak | peterman | no related information |
the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.they were widely considered one of the finest cars produced in the 1930s.the brakes had servo assistance.the cars were supplied in chassis form and firms such as cross & ellis (standard tourer) charlesworth (standard saloon and drop head coupé) as well as vanden plas, lancefield, offord and others would fit suitably elegant open touring or saloon car bodies.the car was built on a heavy steel chassis with a substantial cross brace.with its sporty low slung aspect, all-synchro gearbox, independent front suspension and servo-assisted brakes, this was a fast, reliable and beautifully made car, although at almost £1000 it was not cheap.the survival rate for what was after all a hand-built car is surprisingly good.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.minor improvementsminor improvements to both cars announced at the october 1938 motor show included a dual exhaust system said to quieten the engine and improve power output.from the show the press reported the 4.3-litre four-door sports saloon to have 'a most imposing front with very large headlamps, fog and pass lights, and post horns.'there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive | alvis speed 25 | class | full-size car <tsp> alvis speed 25 | engine | straight-six engine <tsp> alvis speed 25 | modelstartyear | 1937 <tsp> alvis speed 25 | transmission | single plate clutch separate 4-speed gearbox all-silent and all-syncromesh centre change lever open tubular propellor shaft with metal joints spiral bevel fully floating back axle <tsp> alvis speed 25 | wheelbase | 1270 inches | the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | inconcoction | oxidates | sympatheticism | no related information |
iran, also known as persia and officially as the islamic republic of iran, is a country located in western asia.it is bordered by iraq and turkey to the west, by azerbaijan and armenia to the northwest, by the caspian sea and turkmenistan to the north, by afghanistan and pakistan to the east, and by the gulf of oman and the persian gulf to the south.it covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the middle east.its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital tehran, mashhad, isfahan, karaj, shiraz, tabriz and ahvaz.the country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium bc.it was first unified by the medes, an ancient iranian people, in the seventh century bc, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century bc, when cyrus the great founded the achaemenid persian empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower.the achaemenid empire fell to alexander the great in the fourth century bc and was subsequently divided into several hellenistic states.an iranian rebellion established the parthian empire in the third century bc, which was succeeded in the third century ad by the sassanid empire, a major world power for the next four centuries.arab muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century ad, which led to the islamization of iran.it subsequently became a major center of islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the muslim world and beyond during the islamic golden age.over the next two centuries, a series of native iranian muslim dynasties emerged before the seljuk turks and the mongols conquered the region.in the 15th century, the native safavids re-established a unified iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to shia islam.under the reign of nader shah in the 18th century, iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the russian empire led to significant territorial losses.the early 20th century saw the persian constitutional revolution.efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from western companies led to an anglo-american coup in 1953, which resulted in greater autocratic rule under mohammad reza pahlavi and growing western political influence.he went on to launch a far-reaching series of reforms in 1963.after the iranian revolution, the current islamic republic was established in 1979 by ruhollah khomeini, who became the country's first supreme leader.the government of iran is an islamic theocracy that includes some elements of a presidential system, with the ultimate authority vested in an autocratic 'supreme leader' (rahbar); a position held by ali khamenei since khomeini's death in 1989.the iranian government is authoritarian, and has received criticism for its significant constraints and abuses against human rights and civil liberties, including several violent suppressions of mass protests, unfair elections, limited rights for women and for children as well as for its mass executions, the second largest in the world.it is also a focal point for shia islam within the middle east, countering the long-existing arab and sunni leadership in the region.since the iranian revolution, the country is widely considered to be the most determined adversary of israel and also of saudi arabia.iran is regarded as a key player in west asia's geo-politics, with its government widely condemned for pursuing an aggressive foreign policy in its neighborhood, marked by supporting numerous shia jihadist groups like hezbollah, houthis and kata'ib hezbollah. | iraq | leadername | haider al-abadi <tsp> iraq | currency | iraqi dinar <tsp> iraq | leadername | fuad masum <tsp> al-taqaddum air base | cityserved | fallujah <tsp> fallujah | country | iraq | no related information |
the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.they were widely considered one of the finest cars produced in the 1930s.the brakes had servo assistance.the cars were supplied in chassis form and firms such as cross & ellis (standard tourer) charlesworth (standard saloon and drop head coupé) as well as vanden plas, lancefield, offord and others would fit suitably elegant open touring or saloon car bodies.the car was built on a heavy steel chassis with a substantial cross brace.with its sporty low slung aspect, all-synchro gearbox, independent front suspension and servo-assisted brakes, this was a fast, reliable and beautifully made car, although at almost £1000 it was not cheap.the survival rate for what was after all a hand-built car is surprisingly good.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.minor improvementsminor improvements to both cars announced at the october 1938 motor show included a dual exhaust system said to quieten the engine and improve power output.from the show the press reported the 4.3-litre four-door sports saloon to have 'a most imposing front with very large headlamps, fog and pass lights, and post horns.'there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive | chelydidae | unintermixed | release | no related information |
the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.it shares land borders with canada to its north and with mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the bahamas, cuba, russia, and other nations.with a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the americas and the third most populous in the world.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.indigenous peoples have inhabited the americas for thousands of years.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.they quarreled with the british crown over taxation and political representation, leading to the american revolution and proceeding revolutionary war.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).with the union's victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the thirteenth amendment.by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.after japan's attack on pearl harbor in 1941, the u.s. entered world war ii on the allied side.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.during the cold war, both countries engaged in a struggle for ideological dominance but avoided direct military conflict.they also competed in the space race, which culminated in the 1969 landing of apollo 11, making the u.s. the first and only nation to ever land humans on the moon.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.it has a bicameral national legislature composed of the house of representatives, a lower house; and the senate, an upper house based on equal representation for each state.many policy issues are decentralized, with widely differing laws by jurisdiction.the u.s. ranks highly in international measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and the highest median income per person of any polity in the world.it has high levels of incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health care.as a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the u.s. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant population.a developed country, the american economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global gdp and is the world's largest by gdp at market exchange rates.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. | united states | language | english language <tsp> united states | leadertitle | president of the united states <tsp> united states | leadername | paul ryan <tsp> 250 delaware avenue | location | united states <tsp> united states | ethnicgroup | white americans | the united states of america (u.s.a. or usa), commonly known as the united states (u.s. or us) or america, is a country primarily located in north america.it consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine minor outlying islands, and 326 indian reservations.the united states is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area.the national capital of the united states is washington, d.c., and its most populous city and principal financial center is new york city.beginning in 1607, british colonization led to the establishment of the thirteen colonies in what is now the eastern united states.the united states declared independence on july 4, 1776, becoming the first nation-state founded on enlightenment principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the governed, and liberal democracy.during the nineteenth century, the united states political philosophy was influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the country expanded across the continent in a number of wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching the pacific ocean by the middle of the century.sectional division surrounding slavery in the southern united states led to the secession of the confederate states of america, which fought the remaining states of the union during the american civil war (1861–1865).by 1900, the united states had established itself as a world power, becoming the world's largest economy.the aftermath of the war left the united states and the soviet union as the world's two superpowers and led to the cold war.with the soviet union's collapse and the subsequent end of the cold war in 1991, the united states emerged as the world's sole superpower.the united states government is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government.the united states is the world's largest importer and second-largest exporter. |
the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.they were widely considered one of the finest cars produced in the 1930s.the brakes had servo assistance.the cars were supplied in chassis form and firms such as cross & ellis (standard tourer) charlesworth (standard saloon and drop head coupé) as well as vanden plas, lancefield, offord and others would fit suitably elegant open touring or saloon car bodies.the car was built on a heavy steel chassis with a substantial cross brace.with its sporty low slung aspect, all-synchro gearbox, independent front suspension and servo-assisted brakes, this was a fast, reliable and beautifully made car, although at almost £1000 it was not cheap.the survival rate for what was after all a hand-built car is surprisingly good.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.minor improvementsminor improvements to both cars announced at the october 1938 motor show included a dual exhaust system said to quieten the engine and improve power output.from the show the press reported the 4.3-litre four-door sports saloon to have 'a most imposing front with very large headlamps, fog and pass lights, and post horns.'there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive | alvis speed 25 | class | full-size car <tsp> alvis speed 25 | modelstartyear | 1937 <tsp> alvis speed 25 | wheelbase | 1270 inches <tsp> alvis speed 25 | engine | 3148 tax horsepower <tsp> alvis speed 25 | transmission | single plate clutch separate 4-speed gearbox all-silent and all-syncromesh centre change lever open tubular propellor shaft with metal joints spiral bevel fully floating back axle | the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive |
the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.they were widely considered one of the finest cars produced in the 1930s.the brakes had servo assistance.the cars were supplied in chassis form and firms such as cross & ellis (standard tourer) charlesworth (standard saloon and drop head coupé) as well as vanden plas, lancefield, offord and others would fit suitably elegant open touring or saloon car bodies.the car was built on a heavy steel chassis with a substantial cross brace.with its sporty low slung aspect, all-synchro gearbox, independent front suspension and servo-assisted brakes, this was a fast, reliable and beautifully made car, although at almost £1000 it was not cheap.the survival rate for what was after all a hand-built car is surprisingly good.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.minor improvementsminor improvements to both cars announced at the october 1938 motor show included a dual exhaust system said to quieten the engine and improve power output.from the show the press reported the 4.3-litre four-door sports saloon to have 'a most imposing front with very large headlamps, fog and pass lights, and post horns.'there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive | alvis speed 25 | class | full-size car <tsp> alvis speed 25 | modelstartyear | 1937 <tsp> alvis speed 25 | wheelbase | 1270 inches <tsp> alvis speed 25 | engine | 3148 tax horsepower <tsp> alvis speed 25 | transmission | single plate clutch separate 4-speed gearbox all-silent and all-syncromesh centre change lever open tubular propellor shaft with metal joints spiral bevel fully floating back axle | the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive |
iran, also known as persia and officially as the islamic republic of iran, is a country located in western asia.it is bordered by iraq and turkey to the west, by azerbaijan and armenia to the northwest, by the caspian sea and turkmenistan to the north, by afghanistan and pakistan to the east, and by the gulf of oman and the persian gulf to the south.it covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the middle east.its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital tehran, mashhad, isfahan, karaj, shiraz, tabriz and ahvaz.the country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium bc.it was first unified by the medes, an ancient iranian people, in the seventh century bc, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century bc, when cyrus the great founded the achaemenid persian empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower.the achaemenid empire fell to alexander the great in the fourth century bc and was subsequently divided into several hellenistic states.an iranian rebellion established the parthian empire in the third century bc, which was succeeded in the third century ad by the sassanid empire, a major world power for the next four centuries.arab muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century ad, which led to the islamization of iran.it subsequently became a major center of islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the muslim world and beyond during the islamic golden age.over the next two centuries, a series of native iranian muslim dynasties emerged before the seljuk turks and the mongols conquered the region.in the 15th century, the native safavids re-established a unified iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to shia islam.under the reign of nader shah in the 18th century, iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the russian empire led to significant territorial losses.the early 20th century saw the persian constitutional revolution.efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from western companies led to an anglo-american coup in 1953, which resulted in greater autocratic rule under mohammad reza pahlavi and growing western political influence.he went on to launch a far-reaching series of reforms in 1963.after the iranian revolution, the current islamic republic was established in 1979 by ruhollah khomeini, who became the country's first supreme leader.the government of iran is an islamic theocracy that includes some elements of a presidential system, with the ultimate authority vested in an autocratic 'supreme leader' (rahbar); a position held by ali khamenei since khomeini's death in 1989.the iranian government is authoritarian, and has received criticism for its significant constraints and abuses against human rights and civil liberties, including several violent suppressions of mass protests, unfair elections, limited rights for women and for children as well as for its mass executions, the second largest in the world.it is also a focal point for shia islam within the middle east, countering the long-existing arab and sunni leadership in the region.since the iranian revolution, the country is widely considered to be the most determined adversary of israel and also of saudi arabia.iran is regarded as a key player in west asia's geo-politics, with its government widely condemned for pursuing an aggressive foreign policy in its neighborhood, marked by supporting numerous shia jihadist groups like hezbollah, houthis and kata'ib hezbollah. | daryl | vigilant | boondoggling <tsp> daryl | tomahawker | penlike | no related information |
the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.they were widely considered one of the finest cars produced in the 1930s.the brakes had servo assistance.the cars were supplied in chassis form and firms such as cross & ellis (standard tourer) charlesworth (standard saloon and drop head coupé) as well as vanden plas, lancefield, offord and others would fit suitably elegant open touring or saloon car bodies.the car was built on a heavy steel chassis with a substantial cross brace.with its sporty low slung aspect, all-synchro gearbox, independent front suspension and servo-assisted brakes, this was a fast, reliable and beautifully made car, although at almost £1000 it was not cheap.the survival rate for what was after all a hand-built car is surprisingly good.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.minor improvementsminor improvements to both cars announced at the october 1938 motor show included a dual exhaust system said to quieten the engine and improve power output.from the show the press reported the 4.3-litre four-door sports saloon to have 'a most imposing front with very large headlamps, fog and pass lights, and post horns.'there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive | alvis speed 25 | engine | straight-six engine <tsp> alvis speed 25 | modelstartyear | 1937 <tsp> alvis speed 25 | transmission | single plate clutch separate 4-speed gearbox all-silent and all-syncromesh centre change lever open tubular propellor shaft with metal joints spiral bevel fully floating back axle <tsp> alvis speed 25 | wheelbase | 1270 inches <tsp> alvis speed 25 | class | full-size luxury car | the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive |
iran, also known as persia and officially as the islamic republic of iran, is a country located in western asia.it is bordered by iraq and turkey to the west, by azerbaijan and armenia to the northwest, by the caspian sea and turkmenistan to the north, by afghanistan and pakistan to the east, and by the gulf of oman and the persian gulf to the south.it covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the middle east.its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital tehran, mashhad, isfahan, karaj, shiraz, tabriz and ahvaz.the country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium bc.it was first unified by the medes, an ancient iranian people, in the seventh century bc, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century bc, when cyrus the great founded the achaemenid persian empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower.the achaemenid empire fell to alexander the great in the fourth century bc and was subsequently divided into several hellenistic states.an iranian rebellion established the parthian empire in the third century bc, which was succeeded in the third century ad by the sassanid empire, a major world power for the next four centuries.arab muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century ad, which led to the islamization of iran.it subsequently became a major center of islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the muslim world and beyond during the islamic golden age.over the next two centuries, a series of native iranian muslim dynasties emerged before the seljuk turks and the mongols conquered the region.in the 15th century, the native safavids re-established a unified iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to shia islam.under the reign of nader shah in the 18th century, iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the russian empire led to significant territorial losses.the early 20th century saw the persian constitutional revolution.efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from western companies led to an anglo-american coup in 1953, which resulted in greater autocratic rule under mohammad reza pahlavi and growing western political influence.he went on to launch a far-reaching series of reforms in 1963.after the iranian revolution, the current islamic republic was established in 1979 by ruhollah khomeini, who became the country's first supreme leader.the government of iran is an islamic theocracy that includes some elements of a presidential system, with the ultimate authority vested in an autocratic 'supreme leader' (rahbar); a position held by ali khamenei since khomeini's death in 1989.the iranian government is authoritarian, and has received criticism for its significant constraints and abuses against human rights and civil liberties, including several violent suppressions of mass protests, unfair elections, limited rights for women and for children as well as for its mass executions, the second largest in the world.it is also a focal point for shia islam within the middle east, countering the long-existing arab and sunni leadership in the region.since the iranian revolution, the country is widely considered to be the most determined adversary of israel and also of saudi arabia.iran is regarded as a key player in west asia's geo-politics, with its government widely condemned for pursuing an aggressive foreign policy in its neighborhood, marked by supporting numerous shia jihadist groups like hezbollah, houthis and kata'ib hezbollah. | iraq | leadername | haider al-abadi <tsp> iraq | currency | iraqi dinar <tsp> iraq | leadername | fuad masum <tsp> al-taqaddum air base | cityserved | fallujah <tsp> fallujah | country | iraq | no related information |
the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.they were widely considered one of the finest cars produced in the 1930s.the brakes had servo assistance.the cars were supplied in chassis form and firms such as cross & ellis (standard tourer) charlesworth (standard saloon and drop head coupé) as well as vanden plas, lancefield, offord and others would fit suitably elegant open touring or saloon car bodies.the car was built on a heavy steel chassis with a substantial cross brace.with its sporty low slung aspect, all-synchro gearbox, independent front suspension and servo-assisted brakes, this was a fast, reliable and beautifully made car, although at almost £1000 it was not cheap.the survival rate for what was after all a hand-built car is surprisingly good.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.minor improvementsminor improvements to both cars announced at the october 1938 motor show included a dual exhaust system said to quieten the engine and improve power output.from the show the press reported the 4.3-litre four-door sports saloon to have 'a most imposing front with very large headlamps, fog and pass lights, and post horns.'there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive | optation | pinkoes | yn <tsp> optation | upbolt | infratracheal | no related information |
iran, also known as persia and officially as the islamic republic of iran, is a country located in western asia.it is bordered by iraq and turkey to the west, by azerbaijan and armenia to the northwest, by the caspian sea and turkmenistan to the north, by afghanistan and pakistan to the east, and by the gulf of oman and the persian gulf to the south.it covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the middle east.its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital tehran, mashhad, isfahan, karaj, shiraz, tabriz and ahvaz.the country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium bc.it was first unified by the medes, an ancient iranian people, in the seventh century bc, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century bc, when cyrus the great founded the achaemenid persian empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower.the achaemenid empire fell to alexander the great in the fourth century bc and was subsequently divided into several hellenistic states.an iranian rebellion established the parthian empire in the third century bc, which was succeeded in the third century ad by the sassanid empire, a major world power for the next four centuries.arab muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century ad, which led to the islamization of iran.it subsequently became a major center of islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the muslim world and beyond during the islamic golden age.over the next two centuries, a series of native iranian muslim dynasties emerged before the seljuk turks and the mongols conquered the region.in the 15th century, the native safavids re-established a unified iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to shia islam.under the reign of nader shah in the 18th century, iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the russian empire led to significant territorial losses.the early 20th century saw the persian constitutional revolution.efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from western companies led to an anglo-american coup in 1953, which resulted in greater autocratic rule under mohammad reza pahlavi and growing western political influence.he went on to launch a far-reaching series of reforms in 1963.after the iranian revolution, the current islamic republic was established in 1979 by ruhollah khomeini, who became the country's first supreme leader.the government of iran is an islamic theocracy that includes some elements of a presidential system, with the ultimate authority vested in an autocratic 'supreme leader' (rahbar); a position held by ali khamenei since khomeini's death in 1989.the iranian government is authoritarian, and has received criticism for its significant constraints and abuses against human rights and civil liberties, including several violent suppressions of mass protests, unfair elections, limited rights for women and for children as well as for its mass executions, the second largest in the world.it is also a focal point for shia islam within the middle east, countering the long-existing arab and sunni leadership in the region.since the iranian revolution, the country is widely considered to be the most determined adversary of israel and also of saudi arabia.iran is regarded as a key player in west asia's geo-politics, with its government widely condemned for pursuing an aggressive foreign policy in its neighborhood, marked by supporting numerous shia jihadist groups like hezbollah, houthis and kata'ib hezbollah. | irksomely | hyades | monochlorbenzene | no related information |
the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.they were widely considered one of the finest cars produced in the 1930s.the brakes had servo assistance.the cars were supplied in chassis form and firms such as cross & ellis (standard tourer) charlesworth (standard saloon and drop head coupé) as well as vanden plas, lancefield, offord and others would fit suitably elegant open touring or saloon car bodies.the car was built on a heavy steel chassis with a substantial cross brace.with its sporty low slung aspect, all-synchro gearbox, independent front suspension and servo-assisted brakes, this was a fast, reliable and beautifully made car, although at almost £1000 it was not cheap.the survival rate for what was after all a hand-built car is surprisingly good.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.minor improvementsminor improvements to both cars announced at the october 1938 motor show included a dual exhaust system said to quieten the engine and improve power output.from the show the press reported the 4.3-litre four-door sports saloon to have 'a most imposing front with very large headlamps, fog and pass lights, and post horns.'there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive | underslung | lavalike | unheady | no related information |
the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.they were widely considered one of the finest cars produced in the 1930s.the brakes had servo assistance.the cars were supplied in chassis form and firms such as cross & ellis (standard tourer) charlesworth (standard saloon and drop head coupé) as well as vanden plas, lancefield, offord and others would fit suitably elegant open touring or saloon car bodies.the car was built on a heavy steel chassis with a substantial cross brace.with its sporty low slung aspect, all-synchro gearbox, independent front suspension and servo-assisted brakes, this was a fast, reliable and beautifully made car, although at almost £1000 it was not cheap.the survival rate for what was after all a hand-built car is surprisingly good.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.minor improvementsminor improvements to both cars announced at the october 1938 motor show included a dual exhaust system said to quieten the engine and improve power output.from the show the press reported the 4.3-litre four-door sports saloon to have 'a most imposing front with very large headlamps, fog and pass lights, and post horns.'there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive | alvis speed 25 | modelstartyear | 1937 <tsp> alvis speed 25 | transmission | single plate clutch separate 4-speed gearbox all-silent and all-syncromesh centre change lever open tubular propellor shaft with metal joints spiral bevel fully floating back axle <tsp> alvis speed 25 | wheelbase | 1270 inches <tsp> alvis speed 25 | class | full-size luxury car <tsp> alvis speed 25 | engine | 3148 tax horsepower | the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive |
iran, also known as persia and officially as the islamic republic of iran, is a country located in western asia.it is bordered by iraq and turkey to the west, by azerbaijan and armenia to the northwest, by the caspian sea and turkmenistan to the north, by afghanistan and pakistan to the east, and by the gulf of oman and the persian gulf to the south.it covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the middle east.its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital tehran, mashhad, isfahan, karaj, shiraz, tabriz and ahvaz.the country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium bc.it was first unified by the medes, an ancient iranian people, in the seventh century bc, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century bc, when cyrus the great founded the achaemenid persian empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower.the achaemenid empire fell to alexander the great in the fourth century bc and was subsequently divided into several hellenistic states.an iranian rebellion established the parthian empire in the third century bc, which was succeeded in the third century ad by the sassanid empire, a major world power for the next four centuries.arab muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century ad, which led to the islamization of iran.it subsequently became a major center of islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the muslim world and beyond during the islamic golden age.over the next two centuries, a series of native iranian muslim dynasties emerged before the seljuk turks and the mongols conquered the region.in the 15th century, the native safavids re-established a unified iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to shia islam.under the reign of nader shah in the 18th century, iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the russian empire led to significant territorial losses.the early 20th century saw the persian constitutional revolution.efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from western companies led to an anglo-american coup in 1953, which resulted in greater autocratic rule under mohammad reza pahlavi and growing western political influence.he went on to launch a far-reaching series of reforms in 1963.after the iranian revolution, the current islamic republic was established in 1979 by ruhollah khomeini, who became the country's first supreme leader.the government of iran is an islamic theocracy that includes some elements of a presidential system, with the ultimate authority vested in an autocratic 'supreme leader' (rahbar); a position held by ali khamenei since khomeini's death in 1989.the iranian government is authoritarian, and has received criticism for its significant constraints and abuses against human rights and civil liberties, including several violent suppressions of mass protests, unfair elections, limited rights for women and for children as well as for its mass executions, the second largest in the world.it is also a focal point for shia islam within the middle east, countering the long-existing arab and sunni leadership in the region.since the iranian revolution, the country is widely considered to be the most determined adversary of israel and also of saudi arabia.iran is regarded as a key player in west asia's geo-politics, with its government widely condemned for pursuing an aggressive foreign policy in its neighborhood, marked by supporting numerous shia jihadist groups like hezbollah, houthis and kata'ib hezbollah. | mazopathia | subpubic | skeich <tsp> mazopathia | nonimpregnated | vamped | no related information |
the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.they were widely considered one of the finest cars produced in the 1930s.the brakes had servo assistance.the cars were supplied in chassis form and firms such as cross & ellis (standard tourer) charlesworth (standard saloon and drop head coupé) as well as vanden plas, lancefield, offord and others would fit suitably elegant open touring or saloon car bodies.the car was built on a heavy steel chassis with a substantial cross brace.with its sporty low slung aspect, all-synchro gearbox, independent front suspension and servo-assisted brakes, this was a fast, reliable and beautifully made car, although at almost £1000 it was not cheap.the survival rate for what was after all a hand-built car is surprisingly good.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.minor improvementsminor improvements to both cars announced at the october 1938 motor show included a dual exhaust system said to quieten the engine and improve power output.from the show the press reported the 4.3-litre four-door sports saloon to have 'a most imposing front with very large headlamps, fog and pass lights, and post horns.'there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive | alvis speed 25 | modelstartyear | 1937 <tsp> alvis speed 25 | transmission | single plate clutch separate 4-speed gearbox all-silent and all-syncromesh centre change lever open tubular propellor shaft with metal joints spiral bevel fully floating back axle <tsp> alvis speed 25 | wheelbase | 1270 inches <tsp> alvis speed 25 | class | full-size luxury car <tsp> alvis speed 25 | engine | 3148 tax horsepower | the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive |
the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.they were widely considered one of the finest cars produced in the 1930s.the brakes had servo assistance.the cars were supplied in chassis form and firms such as cross & ellis (standard tourer) charlesworth (standard saloon and drop head coupé) as well as vanden plas, lancefield, offord and others would fit suitably elegant open touring or saloon car bodies.the car was built on a heavy steel chassis with a substantial cross brace.with its sporty low slung aspect, all-synchro gearbox, independent front suspension and servo-assisted brakes, this was a fast, reliable and beautifully made car, although at almost £1000 it was not cheap.the survival rate for what was after all a hand-built car is surprisingly good.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.minor improvementsminor improvements to both cars announced at the october 1938 motor show included a dual exhaust system said to quieten the engine and improve power output.from the show the press reported the 4.3-litre four-door sports saloon to have 'a most imposing front with very large headlamps, fog and pass lights, and post horns.'there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive | alvis speed 25 | modelstartyear | 1937 <tsp> alvis speed 25 | transmission | single plate clutch separate 4-speed gearbox all-silent and all-syncromesh centre change lever open tubular propellor shaft with metal joints spiral bevel fully floating back axle <tsp> alvis speed 25 | wheelbase | 1270 inches <tsp> alvis speed 25 | class | full-size luxury car <tsp> alvis speed 25 | engine | 3148 tax horsepower | the alvis 4.3-litre and alvis speed 25 were british luxury touring cars announced in august 1936 and made until 1940 by alvis car and engineering company in coventry.they replaced the alvis speed 20 2.8-litre and 3.5-litre.later models featured increased chassis boxing, and to reduce the car’s weight alvis cut numerous holes in the chassis box sections, which was also a solution tried less successfully earlier in the decade by mercedes-benz when confronting the same challenge with their enormously heavy mercedes-benz sskl.there were to be only detail changes for 1940 == references == == external links == alvis 4.3 litre -four door saloon & pillarless saloon by vanden plas- sales brochure 1936 (including prices for fitted raw chassis, standard four door saloon, and pillarless saloon by vander plas) 4.3-litre pillarless saloon by vanden plas, 4-door sports saloon by arthur mulliner and alvis standard 4-door saloon- sales brochure september 1936 alvis archive |
iran, also known as persia and officially as the islamic republic of iran, is a country located in western asia.it is bordered by iraq and turkey to the west, by azerbaijan and armenia to the northwest, by the caspian sea and turkmenistan to the north, by afghanistan and pakistan to the east, and by the gulf of oman and the persian gulf to the south.it covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the middle east.its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital tehran, mashhad, isfahan, karaj, shiraz, tabriz and ahvaz.the country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium bc.it was first unified by the medes, an ancient iranian people, in the seventh century bc, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century bc, when cyrus the great founded the achaemenid persian empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower.the achaemenid empire fell to alexander the great in the fourth century bc and was subsequently divided into several hellenistic states.an iranian rebellion established the parthian empire in the third century bc, which was succeeded in the third century ad by the sassanid empire, a major world power for the next four centuries.arab muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century ad, which led to the islamization of iran.it subsequently became a major center of islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the muslim world and beyond during the islamic golden age.over the next two centuries, a series of native iranian muslim dynasties emerged before the seljuk turks and the mongols conquered the region.in the 15th century, the native safavids re-established a unified iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to shia islam.under the reign of nader shah in the 18th century, iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the russian empire led to significant territorial losses.the early 20th century saw the persian constitutional revolution.efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from western companies led to an anglo-american coup in 1953, which resulted in greater autocratic rule under mohammad reza pahlavi and growing western political influence.he went on to launch a far-reaching series of reforms in 1963.after the iranian revolution, the current islamic republic was established in 1979 by ruhollah khomeini, who became the country's first supreme leader.the government of iran is an islamic theocracy that includes some elements of a presidential system, with the ultimate authority vested in an autocratic 'supreme leader' (rahbar); a position held by ali khamenei since khomeini's death in 1989.the iranian government is authoritarian, and has received criticism for its significant constraints and abuses against human rights and civil liberties, including several violent suppressions of mass protests, unfair elections, limited rights for women and for children as well as for its mass executions, the second largest in the world.it is also a focal point for shia islam within the middle east, countering the long-existing arab and sunni leadership in the region.since the iranian revolution, the country is widely considered to be the most determined adversary of israel and also of saudi arabia.iran is regarded as a key player in west asia's geo-politics, with its government widely condemned for pursuing an aggressive foreign policy in its neighborhood, marked by supporting numerous shia jihadist groups like hezbollah, houthis and kata'ib hezbollah. | confab | bemar | anticatholic | no related information |
deep submergence vessel nr-1 was a unique united states navy (usn) nuclear-powered ocean engineering and research submarine, built by the electric boat division of general dynamics at groton, connecticut.nr-1 was launched on 25 january 1969, completed initial sea trials 19 august 1969, and was home-ported at naval submarine base new london.nr-1 was the smallest nuclear submarine ever put into operation.the vessel was casually known as 'nerwin' and was never officially named or commissioned.the u.s. navy is allocated a specific number of warships by the u.s. congress, but admiral hyman rickover avoided using one of those allocations for the construction of nr-1 in order to circumvent the oversight that a warship receives from various bureaus.nr-1 had the unique capability to remain at one site and completely map or search an area with a high degree of accuracy, and this was a valuable asset on several occasions.in the 1970s and 1980s, nr-1 conducted numerous classified missions involving recovery of objects from the floor of the deep sea.these missions remain classified and few details have been made public.one publicly acknowledged mission in 1976 was to recover parts of an f-14 that were lost from the deck of an aircraft carrier and sank with at least one aim-54a phoenix air-to-air missile.the secrecy typical of usn submarine operations was heightened by rickover's personal involvement, and he shared details of nr-1 operations only on a need-to-know basis.rickover envisioned building a small fleet of nr-1 type submarines, but only one was built due to budget restrictions.following the loss of the space shuttle challenger in 1986, nr-1 was used to search for, identify, and recover critical parts of the challenger craft.it could remain on the sea floor without resurfacing frequently, and was a major tool for searching deep waters.nr-1 remained submerged and on station even when heavy weather and rough seas hit the area and forced all other search and recovery ships into port.: 65 in october 1994, a survey was done by the nr-1 off the florida straits 65 km southwest of key west where it encountered and explored an uncharted sink hole.on 2 december 1998, an advisory committee approved the name 'nr-1' for the hole.in 1995, robert ballard used the nr-1 and its support ship mv carolyn chouest to explore the wreck of hmhs britannic, the sister ship of rms titanic, which sank off the coast of greece while serving as a hospital ship during world war i.on 25 february 2007, nr-1 arrived in galveston, texas, towed by carolyn chouest, in preparation for an expedition to survey the flower garden banks national marine sanctuary and other sites in the gulf of mexico.nr-1 was deactivated on 21 november 2008 at the u.s. navy submarine base at groton, connecticut, defuelled at portsmouth naval shipyard in kittery, maine, then sent to puget sound naval shipyard to be scrapped.on 13 november 2013, the u.s. navy announced that salvaged pieces of the sub would be put on display at the submarine force library and museum in groton.its features included extending bottoming wheels, three viewing ports, exterior lighting, television and still cameras for color photographic studies, an object recovery claw, a manipulator that could be fitted with various gripping and cutting tools, and a work basket that could be used in conjunction with the manipulator to deposit or recover items in the sea.surface vision was provided by a television periscope permanently installed on a fixed mast in her sail area.: 6 nr-1 had sophisticated electronics, computers, and sonar systems that aided in navigation, communications, and object location and identification. | fas | youstir | splenopancreatic | no related information |
iran, also known as persia and officially as the islamic republic of iran, is a country located in western asia.it is bordered by iraq and turkey to the west, by azerbaijan and armenia to the northwest, by the caspian sea and turkmenistan to the north, by afghanistan and pakistan to the east, and by the gulf of oman and the persian gulf to the south.it covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the middle east.its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital tehran, mashhad, isfahan, karaj, shiraz, tabriz and ahvaz.the country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium bc.it was first unified by the medes, an ancient iranian people, in the seventh century bc, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century bc, when cyrus the great founded the achaemenid persian empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower.the achaemenid empire fell to alexander the great in the fourth century bc and was subsequently divided into several hellenistic states.an iranian rebellion established the parthian empire in the third century bc, which was succeeded in the third century ad by the sassanid empire, a major world power for the next four centuries.arab muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century ad, which led to the islamization of iran.it subsequently became a major center of islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the muslim world and beyond during the islamic golden age.over the next two centuries, a series of native iranian muslim dynasties emerged before the seljuk turks and the mongols conquered the region.in the 15th century, the native safavids re-established a unified iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to shia islam.under the reign of nader shah in the 18th century, iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the russian empire led to significant territorial losses.the early 20th century saw the persian constitutional revolution.efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from western companies led to an anglo-american coup in 1953, which resulted in greater autocratic rule under mohammad reza pahlavi and growing western political influence.he went on to launch a far-reaching series of reforms in 1963.after the iranian revolution, the current islamic republic was established in 1979 by ruhollah khomeini, who became the country's first supreme leader.the government of iran is an islamic theocracy that includes some elements of a presidential system, with the ultimate authority vested in an autocratic 'supreme leader' (rahbar); a position held by ali khamenei since khomeini's death in 1989.the iranian government is authoritarian, and has received criticism for its significant constraints and abuses against human rights and civil liberties, including several violent suppressions of mass protests, unfair elections, limited rights for women and for children as well as for its mass executions, the second largest in the world.it is also a focal point for shia islam within the middle east, countering the long-existing arab and sunni leadership in the region.since the iranian revolution, the country is widely considered to be the most determined adversary of israel and also of saudi arabia.iran is regarded as a key player in west asia's geo-politics, with its government widely condemned for pursuing an aggressive foreign policy in its neighborhood, marked by supporting numerous shia jihadist groups like hezbollah, houthis and kata'ib hezbollah. | middies | plungy | tertulia | no related information |
deep submergence vessel nr-1 was a unique united states navy (usn) nuclear-powered ocean engineering and research submarine, built by the electric boat division of general dynamics at groton, connecticut.nr-1 was launched on 25 january 1969, completed initial sea trials 19 august 1969, and was home-ported at naval submarine base new london.nr-1 was the smallest nuclear submarine ever put into operation.the vessel was casually known as 'nerwin' and was never officially named or commissioned.the u.s. navy is allocated a specific number of warships by the u.s. congress, but admiral hyman rickover avoided using one of those allocations for the construction of nr-1 in order to circumvent the oversight that a warship receives from various bureaus.nr-1 had the unique capability to remain at one site and completely map or search an area with a high degree of accuracy, and this was a valuable asset on several occasions.in the 1970s and 1980s, nr-1 conducted numerous classified missions involving recovery of objects from the floor of the deep sea.these missions remain classified and few details have been made public.one publicly acknowledged mission in 1976 was to recover parts of an f-14 that were lost from the deck of an aircraft carrier and sank with at least one aim-54a phoenix air-to-air missile.the secrecy typical of usn submarine operations was heightened by rickover's personal involvement, and he shared details of nr-1 operations only on a need-to-know basis.rickover envisioned building a small fleet of nr-1 type submarines, but only one was built due to budget restrictions.following the loss of the space shuttle challenger in 1986, nr-1 was used to search for, identify, and recover critical parts of the challenger craft.it could remain on the sea floor without resurfacing frequently, and was a major tool for searching deep waters.nr-1 remained submerged and on station even when heavy weather and rough seas hit the area and forced all other search and recovery ships into port.: 65 in october 1994, a survey was done by the nr-1 off the florida straits 65 km southwest of key west where it encountered and explored an uncharted sink hole.on 2 december 1998, an advisory committee approved the name 'nr-1' for the hole.in 1995, robert ballard used the nr-1 and its support ship mv carolyn chouest to explore the wreck of hmhs britannic, the sister ship of rms titanic, which sank off the coast of greece while serving as a hospital ship during world war i.on 25 february 2007, nr-1 arrived in galveston, texas, towed by carolyn chouest, in preparation for an expedition to survey the flower garden banks national marine sanctuary and other sites in the gulf of mexico.nr-1 was deactivated on 21 november 2008 at the u.s. navy submarine base at groton, connecticut, defuelled at portsmouth naval shipyard in kittery, maine, then sent to puget sound naval shipyard to be scrapped.on 13 november 2013, the u.s. navy announced that salvaged pieces of the sub would be put on display at the submarine force library and museum in groton.its features included extending bottoming wheels, three viewing ports, exterior lighting, television and still cameras for color photographic studies, an object recovery claw, a manipulator that could be fitted with various gripping and cutting tools, and a work basket that could be used in conjunction with the manipulator to deposit or recover items in the sea.surface vision was provided by a television periscope permanently installed on a fixed mast in her sail area.: 6 nr-1 had sophisticated electronics, computers, and sonar systems that aided in navigation, communications, and object location and identification. | american submarine nr-1 | shipbeam | 38 m <tsp> american submarine nr-1 | shiplaunch | 1969-01-25 <tsp> american submarine nr-1 | topspeed | 8334 <tsp> american submarine nr-1 | builder | general dynamics electric boat <tsp> american submarine nr-1 | shipdraft | 46 m | deep submergence vessel nr-1 was a unique united states navy (usn) nuclear-powered ocean engineering and research submarine, built by the electric boat division of general dynamics at groton, connecticut. |
iran, also known as persia and officially as the islamic republic of iran, is a country located in western asia.it is bordered by iraq and turkey to the west, by azerbaijan and armenia to the northwest, by the caspian sea and turkmenistan to the north, by afghanistan and pakistan to the east, and by the gulf of oman and the persian gulf to the south.it covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the middle east.its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital tehran, mashhad, isfahan, karaj, shiraz, tabriz and ahvaz.the country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium bc.it was first unified by the medes, an ancient iranian people, in the seventh century bc, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century bc, when cyrus the great founded the achaemenid persian empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower.the achaemenid empire fell to alexander the great in the fourth century bc and was subsequently divided into several hellenistic states.an iranian rebellion established the parthian empire in the third century bc, which was succeeded in the third century ad by the sassanid empire, a major world power for the next four centuries.arab muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century ad, which led to the islamization of iran.it subsequently became a major center of islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the muslim world and beyond during the islamic golden age.over the next two centuries, a series of native iranian muslim dynasties emerged before the seljuk turks and the mongols conquered the region.in the 15th century, the native safavids re-established a unified iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to shia islam.under the reign of nader shah in the 18th century, iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the russian empire led to significant territorial losses.the early 20th century saw the persian constitutional revolution.efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from western companies led to an anglo-american coup in 1953, which resulted in greater autocratic rule under mohammad reza pahlavi and growing western political influence.he went on to launch a far-reaching series of reforms in 1963.after the iranian revolution, the current islamic republic was established in 1979 by ruhollah khomeini, who became the country's first supreme leader.the government of iran is an islamic theocracy that includes some elements of a presidential system, with the ultimate authority vested in an autocratic 'supreme leader' (rahbar); a position held by ali khamenei since khomeini's death in 1989.the iranian government is authoritarian, and has received criticism for its significant constraints and abuses against human rights and civil liberties, including several violent suppressions of mass protests, unfair elections, limited rights for women and for children as well as for its mass executions, the second largest in the world.it is also a focal point for shia islam within the middle east, countering the long-existing arab and sunni leadership in the region.since the iranian revolution, the country is widely considered to be the most determined adversary of israel and also of saudi arabia.iran is regarded as a key player in west asia's geo-politics, with its government widely condemned for pursuing an aggressive foreign policy in its neighborhood, marked by supporting numerous shia jihadist groups like hezbollah, houthis and kata'ib hezbollah. | iraq | leadername | haider al-abadi <tsp> iraq | officiallanguage | arabic <tsp> iraq | leadername | fuad masum <tsp> al-taqaddum air base | cityserved | fallujah <tsp> fallujah | country | iraq | no related information |
deep submergence vessel nr-1 was a unique united states navy (usn) nuclear-powered ocean engineering and research submarine, built by the electric boat division of general dynamics at groton, connecticut.nr-1 was launched on 25 january 1969, completed initial sea trials 19 august 1969, and was home-ported at naval submarine base new london.nr-1 was the smallest nuclear submarine ever put into operation.the vessel was casually known as 'nerwin' and was never officially named or commissioned.the u.s. navy is allocated a specific number of warships by the u.s. congress, but admiral hyman rickover avoided using one of those allocations for the construction of nr-1 in order to circumvent the oversight that a warship receives from various bureaus.nr-1 had the unique capability to remain at one site and completely map or search an area with a high degree of accuracy, and this was a valuable asset on several occasions.in the 1970s and 1980s, nr-1 conducted numerous classified missions involving recovery of objects from the floor of the deep sea.these missions remain classified and few details have been made public.one publicly acknowledged mission in 1976 was to recover parts of an f-14 that were lost from the deck of an aircraft carrier and sank with at least one aim-54a phoenix air-to-air missile.the secrecy typical of usn submarine operations was heightened by rickover's personal involvement, and he shared details of nr-1 operations only on a need-to-know basis.rickover envisioned building a small fleet of nr-1 type submarines, but only one was built due to budget restrictions.following the loss of the space shuttle challenger in 1986, nr-1 was used to search for, identify, and recover critical parts of the challenger craft.it could remain on the sea floor without resurfacing frequently, and was a major tool for searching deep waters.nr-1 remained submerged and on station even when heavy weather and rough seas hit the area and forced all other search and recovery ships into port.: 65 in october 1994, a survey was done by the nr-1 off the florida straits 65 km southwest of key west where it encountered and explored an uncharted sink hole.on 2 december 1998, an advisory committee approved the name 'nr-1' for the hole.in 1995, robert ballard used the nr-1 and its support ship mv carolyn chouest to explore the wreck of hmhs britannic, the sister ship of rms titanic, which sank off the coast of greece while serving as a hospital ship during world war i.on 25 february 2007, nr-1 arrived in galveston, texas, towed by carolyn chouest, in preparation for an expedition to survey the flower garden banks national marine sanctuary and other sites in the gulf of mexico.nr-1 was deactivated on 21 november 2008 at the u.s. navy submarine base at groton, connecticut, defuelled at portsmouth naval shipyard in kittery, maine, then sent to puget sound naval shipyard to be scrapped.on 13 november 2013, the u.s. navy announced that salvaged pieces of the sub would be put on display at the submarine force library and museum in groton.its features included extending bottoming wheels, three viewing ports, exterior lighting, television and still cameras for color photographic studies, an object recovery claw, a manipulator that could be fitted with various gripping and cutting tools, and a work basket that could be used in conjunction with the manipulator to deposit or recover items in the sea.surface vision was provided by a television periscope permanently installed on a fixed mast in her sail area.: 6 nr-1 had sophisticated electronics, computers, and sonar systems that aided in navigation, communications, and object location and identification. | pontianac | rhinopharyngitis | retreads <tsp> pontianac | syssiderite | hipster | no related information |
iran, also known as persia and officially as the islamic republic of iran, is a country located in western asia.it is bordered by iraq and turkey to the west, by azerbaijan and armenia to the northwest, by the caspian sea and turkmenistan to the north, by afghanistan and pakistan to the east, and by the gulf of oman and the persian gulf to the south.it covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country.iran has an estimated population of 86.8 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the middle east.its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital tehran, mashhad, isfahan, karaj, shiraz, tabriz and ahvaz.the country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium bc.it was first unified by the medes, an ancient iranian people, in the seventh century bc, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century bc, when cyrus the great founded the achaemenid persian empire, which became one of the largest empires in history and a superpower.the achaemenid empire fell to alexander the great in the fourth century bc and was subsequently divided into several hellenistic states.an iranian rebellion established the parthian empire in the third century bc, which was succeeded in the third century ad by the sassanid empire, a major world power for the next four centuries.arab muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century ad, which led to the islamization of iran.it subsequently became a major center of islamic culture and learning, with its art, literature, philosophy, and architecture spreading across the muslim world and beyond during the islamic golden age.over the next two centuries, a series of native iranian muslim dynasties emerged before the seljuk turks and the mongols conquered the region.in the 15th century, the native safavids re-established a unified iranian state and national identity, and converted the country to shia islam.under the reign of nader shah in the 18th century, iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the russian empire led to significant territorial losses.the early 20th century saw the persian constitutional revolution.efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from western companies led to an anglo-american coup in 1953, which resulted in greater autocratic rule under mohammad reza pahlavi and growing western political influence.he went on to launch a far-reaching series of reforms in 1963.after the iranian revolution, the current islamic republic was established in 1979 by ruhollah khomeini, who became the country's first supreme leader.the government of iran is an islamic theocracy that includes some elements of a presidential system, with the ultimate authority vested in an autocratic 'supreme leader' (rahbar); a position held by ali khamenei since khomeini's death in 1989.the iranian government is authoritarian, and has received criticism for its significant constraints and abuses against human rights and civil liberties, including several violent suppressions of mass protests, unfair elections, limited rights for women and for children as well as for its mass executions, the second largest in the world.it is also a focal point for shia islam within the middle east, countering the long-existing arab and sunni leadership in the region.since the iranian revolution, the country is widely considered to be the most determined adversary of israel and also of saudi arabia.iran is regarded as a key player in west asia's geo-politics, with its government widely condemned for pursuing an aggressive foreign policy in its neighborhood, marked by supporting numerous shia jihadist groups like hezbollah, houthis and kata'ib hezbollah. | iraq | leadername | haider al-abadi <tsp> iraq | officiallanguage | arabic <tsp> iraq | leadername | fuad masum <tsp> al-taqaddum air base | cityserved | fallujah <tsp> fallujah | country | iraq | no related information |
madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the city has almost 3.6 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million.it is the second-largest city in the european union (eu), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the eu.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the city is situated on an elevated plain about 300 km (190 mi) from the closest seaside location.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.the metropolitan area hosts major spanish companies such as telefónica, iberia, bbva and fcc.it concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the spanish-speaking city generating the largest amount of webpages.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).it also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the spanish language: the standing committee of the association of spanish language academies, headquarters of the royal spanish academy (rae), the instituto cervantes and the foundation of emerging spanish (fundéurae).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.cibeles palace and fountain has become one of the monument symbols of the city.the mayor is josé luis martínez-almeida from the people's party.from the arabic maǧrà (meaning 'water stream') or majrit (مجريط meaning 'spring', 'fountain').the latter is the first documented name of the settlement.a mozarabic variant of the latin matrix, matricis (also meaning 'water stream').at the second half of the 9th century, umayyad emir muhammad i built a fortress on a headland near the river manzanares, as one of the many fortresses he ordered to be built on the border between al-andalus and the kingdoms of león and castile, with the objective of protecting toledo from the christian invasions and also as a starting point for muslim offensives.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. | madrid | ispartof | community of madrid <tsp> adolfo suárez madrid–barajas airport | location | alcobendas <tsp> enaire | locationcity | madrid <tsp> alcobendas | country | spain <tsp> adolfo suárez madrid–barajas airport | operatingorganisation | enaire | madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | antares rocket | finalflight | 2014-07-13 <tsp> antares rocket | maidenflight | 2013-04-21 <tsp> antares rocket | manufacturer | orbital atk <tsp> antares rocket | launchsite | mid-atlantic regional spaceport launch pad 0 <tsp> antares rocket | diameter | 39 metres | antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket. |
madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the city has almost 3.6 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million.it is the second-largest city in the european union (eu), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the eu.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the city is situated on an elevated plain about 300 km (190 mi) from the closest seaside location.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.the metropolitan area hosts major spanish companies such as telefónica, iberia, bbva and fcc.it concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the spanish-speaking city generating the largest amount of webpages.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).it also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the spanish language: the standing committee of the association of spanish language academies, headquarters of the royal spanish academy (rae), the instituto cervantes and the foundation of emerging spanish (fundéurae).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.cibeles palace and fountain has become one of the monument symbols of the city.the mayor is josé luis martínez-almeida from the people's party.from the arabic maǧrà (meaning 'water stream') or majrit (مجريط meaning 'spring', 'fountain').the latter is the first documented name of the settlement.a mozarabic variant of the latin matrix, matricis (also meaning 'water stream').at the second half of the 9th century, umayyad emir muhammad i built a fortress on a headland near the river manzanares, as one of the many fortresses he ordered to be built on the border between al-andalus and the kingdoms of león and castile, with the objective of protecting toledo from the christian invasions and also as a starting point for muslim offensives.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. | madrid | ispartof | community of madrid <tsp> adolfo suárez madrid–barajas airport | location | alcobendas <tsp> enaire | locationcity | madrid <tsp> alcobendas | country | spain <tsp> adolfo suárez madrid–barajas airport | operatingorganisation | enaire | madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | antares rocket | finalflight | 2014-07-13 <tsp> antares rocket | maidenflight | 2013-04-21 <tsp> antares rocket | manufacturer | orbital atk <tsp> antares rocket | launchsite | mid-atlantic regional spaceport launch pad 0 <tsp> antares rocket | diameter | 39 metres | antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket. |
madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the city has almost 3.6 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million.it is the second-largest city in the european union (eu), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the eu.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the city is situated on an elevated plain about 300 km (190 mi) from the closest seaside location.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.the metropolitan area hosts major spanish companies such as telefónica, iberia, bbva and fcc.it concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the spanish-speaking city generating the largest amount of webpages.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).it also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the spanish language: the standing committee of the association of spanish language academies, headquarters of the royal spanish academy (rae), the instituto cervantes and the foundation of emerging spanish (fundéurae).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.cibeles palace and fountain has become one of the monument symbols of the city.the mayor is josé luis martínez-almeida from the people's party.from the arabic maǧrà (meaning 'water stream') or majrit (مجريط meaning 'spring', 'fountain').the latter is the first documented name of the settlement.a mozarabic variant of the latin matrix, matricis (also meaning 'water stream').at the second half of the 9th century, umayyad emir muhammad i built a fortress on a headland near the river manzanares, as one of the many fortresses he ordered to be built on the border between al-andalus and the kingdoms of león and castile, with the objective of protecting toledo from the christian invasions and also as a starting point for muslim offensives.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. | madrid | ispartof | community of madrid <tsp> adolfo suárez madrid–barajas airport | location | alcobendas <tsp> enaire | locationcity | madrid <tsp> alcobendas | country | spain <tsp> adolfo suárez madrid–barajas airport | operatingorganisation | enaire | madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | drizzling | displeasurement | sorned | no related information |
(410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.with a palermo technical impact hazard scale rating of -0.44, it had the fifth highest impact threat of all known asteroids based on its estimated diameter, kinetic yield, impact probability, and time interval.observations to 2019 extended the observation arc by four years and detected a favourable yarkovsky effect, which ruled out impact in 2185.using observations from 16 november 2020, the asteroid was removed from the sentry risk table on 19 november 2020.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules.2009 fd made a close pass to earth on 27 march 2009 at a distance of 0.004172 au (624,100 km; 387,800 mi) and another on 24 october 2010 at 0.0702 au.2009 fd was recovered at apparent magnitude 23 on 30 november 2013 by cerro paranal observatory, several months before the close approach of april 2014 when it passed 0.1 au from earth.it brightened to roughly apparent magnitude 19.3 around mid-march 2014.one radar doppler observation of 2009 fd was made in 2014.the october–november 2015 earth approach was studied by the goldstone deep space network.this gave it an estimated mass of around 2,800,000 tonnes.but work by amy mainzer using neowise data in 2014 showed that it could be as large as 472 metres with an albedo as low as 0.01.because 2009 fd (k09f00d) was only detected in two (w1+w2) of the four wavelengths the suspected neowise diameter is more of an upper limit.radar observations in 2015 showed it to be a binary asteroid.the primary is 120–180 meters in diameter and the secondary is 60–120 meters in diameter.as of 2016, the approach of 29 march 2185 had a 1 in 710 chance of impacting earth.the nominal 2185 earth approach distance was 0.009 au (1,300,000 km; 840,000 mi).orbit determination for 2190 is complicated by the 2185 close approach.the precise distance that it will pass from earth and the moon on 29 march 2185 will determine the 30 march 2190 distance.2009 fd should pass closer to the moon than earth on 29 march 2185.an impact by 2009 fd would cause severe devastation to a large region or tsunamis of significant size.in 2014 (with observations through 5 february 2014, creating an observation arc of 1807 days) the potential 2185 impact was ruled out.using the 2014 observations, the yarkovsky effect has become more significant than the position uncertainties.the yarkovsky effect has resulted in the 2185 virtual impactor returning.while 2009 fd was estimated to be 470 meters in diameter, it was rated −0.40 on the palermo scale, placing it higher on the sentry risk table than any other known object at the time.on 14 june 2019, alessio del vigna and colleagues published a new analysis, which incorporates astrometry taken in 2019.using both jpl's sentry as well as neodys's clomon-2 system, the new data allowed a 4-sigma detection of the yarkovsky effect at (+3.6±0.9)×10−3 au/myr.the 2019 observations extended the observation arc from six years to ten years.this ruled out the 2185 impact possibility, leaving the potential impact in 2190 as the only theoretically possible impact until 2250, at a very low probability of 1 in 100 million. | 410777 2009 fd | discoverer | spacewatch <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | epoch | 2015-06-27 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | mass | 83 kilograms <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | orbitalperiod | 394470000 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | apoapsis | 25977670247055 kilometres | (410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules. |
madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the city has almost 3.6 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million.it is the second-largest city in the european union (eu), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the eu.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the city is situated on an elevated plain about 300 km (190 mi) from the closest seaside location.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.the metropolitan area hosts major spanish companies such as telefónica, iberia, bbva and fcc.it concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the spanish-speaking city generating the largest amount of webpages.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).it also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the spanish language: the standing committee of the association of spanish language academies, headquarters of the royal spanish academy (rae), the instituto cervantes and the foundation of emerging spanish (fundéurae).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.cibeles palace and fountain has become one of the monument symbols of the city.the mayor is josé luis martínez-almeida from the people's party.from the arabic maǧrà (meaning 'water stream') or majrit (مجريط meaning 'spring', 'fountain').the latter is the first documented name of the settlement.a mozarabic variant of the latin matrix, matricis (also meaning 'water stream').at the second half of the 9th century, umayyad emir muhammad i built a fortress on a headland near the river manzanares, as one of the many fortresses he ordered to be built on the border between al-andalus and the kingdoms of león and castile, with the objective of protecting toledo from the christian invasions and also as a starting point for muslim offensives.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. | redraft | spiritedly | cladogenetic <tsp> redraft | unapparel | subcontract | no related information |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | antares rocket | finalflight | 2014-07-13 <tsp> antares rocket | maidenflight | 2014-10-28 <tsp> antares rocket | manufacturer | orbital atk <tsp> antares rocket | launchsite | mid-atlantic regional spaceport launch pad 0 <tsp> antares rocket | diameter | 39 metres | antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket. |
madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the city has almost 3.6 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million.it is the second-largest city in the european union (eu), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the eu.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the city is situated on an elevated plain about 300 km (190 mi) from the closest seaside location.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.the metropolitan area hosts major spanish companies such as telefónica, iberia, bbva and fcc.it concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the spanish-speaking city generating the largest amount of webpages.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).it also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the spanish language: the standing committee of the association of spanish language academies, headquarters of the royal spanish academy (rae), the instituto cervantes and the foundation of emerging spanish (fundéurae).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.cibeles palace and fountain has become one of the monument symbols of the city.the mayor is josé luis martínez-almeida from the people's party.from the arabic maǧrà (meaning 'water stream') or majrit (مجريط meaning 'spring', 'fountain').the latter is the first documented name of the settlement.a mozarabic variant of the latin matrix, matricis (also meaning 'water stream').at the second half of the 9th century, umayyad emir muhammad i built a fortress on a headland near the river manzanares, as one of the many fortresses he ordered to be built on the border between al-andalus and the kingdoms of león and castile, with the objective of protecting toledo from the christian invasions and also as a starting point for muslim offensives.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. | madrid | ispartof | community of madrid <tsp> enaire | locationcity | madrid <tsp> adolfo suárez madrid–barajas airport | location | madrid paracuellos de jarama san sebastián de los reyes and alcobendas <tsp> madrid | country | spain <tsp> adolfo suárez madrid–barajas airport | operatingorganisation | enaire | madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. |
(410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.with a palermo technical impact hazard scale rating of -0.44, it had the fifth highest impact threat of all known asteroids based on its estimated diameter, kinetic yield, impact probability, and time interval.observations to 2019 extended the observation arc by four years and detected a favourable yarkovsky effect, which ruled out impact in 2185.using observations from 16 november 2020, the asteroid was removed from the sentry risk table on 19 november 2020.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules.2009 fd made a close pass to earth on 27 march 2009 at a distance of 0.004172 au (624,100 km; 387,800 mi) and another on 24 october 2010 at 0.0702 au.2009 fd was recovered at apparent magnitude 23 on 30 november 2013 by cerro paranal observatory, several months before the close approach of april 2014 when it passed 0.1 au from earth.it brightened to roughly apparent magnitude 19.3 around mid-march 2014.one radar doppler observation of 2009 fd was made in 2014.the october–november 2015 earth approach was studied by the goldstone deep space network.this gave it an estimated mass of around 2,800,000 tonnes.but work by amy mainzer using neowise data in 2014 showed that it could be as large as 472 metres with an albedo as low as 0.01.because 2009 fd (k09f00d) was only detected in two (w1+w2) of the four wavelengths the suspected neowise diameter is more of an upper limit.radar observations in 2015 showed it to be a binary asteroid.the primary is 120–180 meters in diameter and the secondary is 60–120 meters in diameter.as of 2016, the approach of 29 march 2185 had a 1 in 710 chance of impacting earth.the nominal 2185 earth approach distance was 0.009 au (1,300,000 km; 840,000 mi).orbit determination for 2190 is complicated by the 2185 close approach.the precise distance that it will pass from earth and the moon on 29 march 2185 will determine the 30 march 2190 distance.2009 fd should pass closer to the moon than earth on 29 march 2185.an impact by 2009 fd would cause severe devastation to a large region or tsunamis of significant size.in 2014 (with observations through 5 february 2014, creating an observation arc of 1807 days) the potential 2185 impact was ruled out.using the 2014 observations, the yarkovsky effect has become more significant than the position uncertainties.the yarkovsky effect has resulted in the 2185 virtual impactor returning.while 2009 fd was estimated to be 470 meters in diameter, it was rated −0.40 on the palermo scale, placing it higher on the sentry risk table than any other known object at the time.on 14 june 2019, alessio del vigna and colleagues published a new analysis, which incorporates astrometry taken in 2019.using both jpl's sentry as well as neodys's clomon-2 system, the new data allowed a 4-sigma detection of the yarkovsky effect at (+3.6±0.9)×10−3 au/myr.the 2019 observations extended the observation arc from six years to ten years.this ruled out the 2185 impact possibility, leaving the potential impact in 2190 as the only theoretically possible impact until 2250, at a very low probability of 1 in 100 million. | carolyn | broods | scalade <tsp> carolyn | hormist | enfeoffed | no related information |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | antares rocket | finalflight | 2014-07-13 <tsp> antares rocket | maidenflight | 2014-10-28 <tsp> antares rocket | manufacturer | orbital atk <tsp> antares rocket | launchsite | mid-atlantic regional spaceport launch pad 0 <tsp> antares rocket | diameter | 39 metres | antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket. |
madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the city has almost 3.6 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million.it is the second-largest city in the european union (eu), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the eu.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the city is situated on an elevated plain about 300 km (190 mi) from the closest seaside location.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.the metropolitan area hosts major spanish companies such as telefónica, iberia, bbva and fcc.it concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the spanish-speaking city generating the largest amount of webpages.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).it also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the spanish language: the standing committee of the association of spanish language academies, headquarters of the royal spanish academy (rae), the instituto cervantes and the foundation of emerging spanish (fundéurae).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.cibeles palace and fountain has become one of the monument symbols of the city.the mayor is josé luis martínez-almeida from the people's party.from the arabic maǧrà (meaning 'water stream') or majrit (مجريط meaning 'spring', 'fountain').the latter is the first documented name of the settlement.a mozarabic variant of the latin matrix, matricis (also meaning 'water stream').at the second half of the 9th century, umayyad emir muhammad i built a fortress on a headland near the river manzanares, as one of the many fortresses he ordered to be built on the border between al-andalus and the kingdoms of león and castile, with the objective of protecting toledo from the christian invasions and also as a starting point for muslim offensives.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. | madrid | ispartof | community of madrid <tsp> enaire | locationcity | madrid <tsp> adolfo suárez madrid–barajas airport | location | madrid paracuellos de jarama san sebastián de los reyes and alcobendas <tsp> madrid | country | spain <tsp> adolfo suárez madrid–barajas airport | operatingorganisation | enaire | madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. |
(410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.with a palermo technical impact hazard scale rating of -0.44, it had the fifth highest impact threat of all known asteroids based on its estimated diameter, kinetic yield, impact probability, and time interval.observations to 2019 extended the observation arc by four years and detected a favourable yarkovsky effect, which ruled out impact in 2185.using observations from 16 november 2020, the asteroid was removed from the sentry risk table on 19 november 2020.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules.2009 fd made a close pass to earth on 27 march 2009 at a distance of 0.004172 au (624,100 km; 387,800 mi) and another on 24 october 2010 at 0.0702 au.2009 fd was recovered at apparent magnitude 23 on 30 november 2013 by cerro paranal observatory, several months before the close approach of april 2014 when it passed 0.1 au from earth.it brightened to roughly apparent magnitude 19.3 around mid-march 2014.one radar doppler observation of 2009 fd was made in 2014.the october–november 2015 earth approach was studied by the goldstone deep space network.this gave it an estimated mass of around 2,800,000 tonnes.but work by amy mainzer using neowise data in 2014 showed that it could be as large as 472 metres with an albedo as low as 0.01.because 2009 fd (k09f00d) was only detected in two (w1+w2) of the four wavelengths the suspected neowise diameter is more of an upper limit.radar observations in 2015 showed it to be a binary asteroid.the primary is 120–180 meters in diameter and the secondary is 60–120 meters in diameter.as of 2016, the approach of 29 march 2185 had a 1 in 710 chance of impacting earth.the nominal 2185 earth approach distance was 0.009 au (1,300,000 km; 840,000 mi).orbit determination for 2190 is complicated by the 2185 close approach.the precise distance that it will pass from earth and the moon on 29 march 2185 will determine the 30 march 2190 distance.2009 fd should pass closer to the moon than earth on 29 march 2185.an impact by 2009 fd would cause severe devastation to a large region or tsunamis of significant size.in 2014 (with observations through 5 february 2014, creating an observation arc of 1807 days) the potential 2185 impact was ruled out.using the 2014 observations, the yarkovsky effect has become more significant than the position uncertainties.the yarkovsky effect has resulted in the 2185 virtual impactor returning.while 2009 fd was estimated to be 470 meters in diameter, it was rated −0.40 on the palermo scale, placing it higher on the sentry risk table than any other known object at the time.on 14 june 2019, alessio del vigna and colleagues published a new analysis, which incorporates astrometry taken in 2019.using both jpl's sentry as well as neodys's clomon-2 system, the new data allowed a 4-sigma detection of the yarkovsky effect at (+3.6±0.9)×10−3 au/myr.the 2019 observations extended the observation arc from six years to ten years.this ruled out the 2185 impact possibility, leaving the potential impact in 2190 as the only theoretically possible impact until 2250, at a very low probability of 1 in 100 million. | flemings | archistome | truncheoner <tsp> flemings | hemanalysis | coracles | no related information |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | antares rocket | finalflight | 2014-07-13 <tsp> antares rocket | maidenflight | 2014-10-28 <tsp> antares rocket | manufacturer | orbital atk <tsp> antares rocket | launchsite | mid-atlantic regional spaceport launch pad 0 <tsp> antares rocket | diameter | 39 metres | antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket. |
madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the city has almost 3.6 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million.it is the second-largest city in the european union (eu), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the eu.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the city is situated on an elevated plain about 300 km (190 mi) from the closest seaside location.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.the metropolitan area hosts major spanish companies such as telefónica, iberia, bbva and fcc.it concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the spanish-speaking city generating the largest amount of webpages.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).it also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the spanish language: the standing committee of the association of spanish language academies, headquarters of the royal spanish academy (rae), the instituto cervantes and the foundation of emerging spanish (fundéurae).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.cibeles palace and fountain has become one of the monument symbols of the city.the mayor is josé luis martínez-almeida from the people's party.from the arabic maǧrà (meaning 'water stream') or majrit (مجريط meaning 'spring', 'fountain').the latter is the first documented name of the settlement.a mozarabic variant of the latin matrix, matricis (also meaning 'water stream').at the second half of the 9th century, umayyad emir muhammad i built a fortress on a headland near the river manzanares, as one of the many fortresses he ordered to be built on the border between al-andalus and the kingdoms of león and castile, with the objective of protecting toledo from the christian invasions and also as a starting point for muslim offensives.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. | madrid | ispartof | community of madrid <tsp> enaire | locationcity | madrid <tsp> adolfo suárez madrid–barajas airport | location | san sebastián de los reyes <tsp> san sebastián de los reyes | country | spain <tsp> adolfo suárez madrid–barajas airport | operatingorganisation | enaire | madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. |
(410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.with a palermo technical impact hazard scale rating of -0.44, it had the fifth highest impact threat of all known asteroids based on its estimated diameter, kinetic yield, impact probability, and time interval.observations to 2019 extended the observation arc by four years and detected a favourable yarkovsky effect, which ruled out impact in 2185.using observations from 16 november 2020, the asteroid was removed from the sentry risk table on 19 november 2020.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules.2009 fd made a close pass to earth on 27 march 2009 at a distance of 0.004172 au (624,100 km; 387,800 mi) and another on 24 october 2010 at 0.0702 au.2009 fd was recovered at apparent magnitude 23 on 30 november 2013 by cerro paranal observatory, several months before the close approach of april 2014 when it passed 0.1 au from earth.it brightened to roughly apparent magnitude 19.3 around mid-march 2014.one radar doppler observation of 2009 fd was made in 2014.the october–november 2015 earth approach was studied by the goldstone deep space network.this gave it an estimated mass of around 2,800,000 tonnes.but work by amy mainzer using neowise data in 2014 showed that it could be as large as 472 metres with an albedo as low as 0.01.because 2009 fd (k09f00d) was only detected in two (w1+w2) of the four wavelengths the suspected neowise diameter is more of an upper limit.radar observations in 2015 showed it to be a binary asteroid.the primary is 120–180 meters in diameter and the secondary is 60–120 meters in diameter.as of 2016, the approach of 29 march 2185 had a 1 in 710 chance of impacting earth.the nominal 2185 earth approach distance was 0.009 au (1,300,000 km; 840,000 mi).orbit determination for 2190 is complicated by the 2185 close approach.the precise distance that it will pass from earth and the moon on 29 march 2185 will determine the 30 march 2190 distance.2009 fd should pass closer to the moon than earth on 29 march 2185.an impact by 2009 fd would cause severe devastation to a large region or tsunamis of significant size.in 2014 (with observations through 5 february 2014, creating an observation arc of 1807 days) the potential 2185 impact was ruled out.using the 2014 observations, the yarkovsky effect has become more significant than the position uncertainties.the yarkovsky effect has resulted in the 2185 virtual impactor returning.while 2009 fd was estimated to be 470 meters in diameter, it was rated −0.40 on the palermo scale, placing it higher on the sentry risk table than any other known object at the time.on 14 june 2019, alessio del vigna and colleagues published a new analysis, which incorporates astrometry taken in 2019.using both jpl's sentry as well as neodys's clomon-2 system, the new data allowed a 4-sigma detection of the yarkovsky effect at (+3.6±0.9)×10−3 au/myr.the 2019 observations extended the observation arc from six years to ten years.this ruled out the 2185 impact possibility, leaving the potential impact in 2190 as the only theoretically possible impact until 2250, at a very low probability of 1 in 100 million. | 410777 2009 fd | mass | 83 kilograms <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | orbitalperiod | 394470000 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | periapsis | 882343000000 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | epoch | 2015-06-27 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | discoverer | spacewatch | (410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules. |
madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the city has almost 3.6 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million.it is the second-largest city in the european union (eu), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the eu.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the city is situated on an elevated plain about 300 km (190 mi) from the closest seaside location.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.the metropolitan area hosts major spanish companies such as telefónica, iberia, bbva and fcc.it concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the spanish-speaking city generating the largest amount of webpages.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).it also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the spanish language: the standing committee of the association of spanish language academies, headquarters of the royal spanish academy (rae), the instituto cervantes and the foundation of emerging spanish (fundéurae).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.cibeles palace and fountain has become one of the monument symbols of the city.the mayor is josé luis martínez-almeida from the people's party.from the arabic maǧrà (meaning 'water stream') or majrit (مجريط meaning 'spring', 'fountain').the latter is the first documented name of the settlement.a mozarabic variant of the latin matrix, matricis (also meaning 'water stream').at the second half of the 9th century, umayyad emir muhammad i built a fortress on a headland near the river manzanares, as one of the many fortresses he ordered to be built on the border between al-andalus and the kingdoms of león and castile, with the objective of protecting toledo from the christian invasions and also as a starting point for muslim offensives.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. | cliffs | quarta | jaggers | no related information |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | gerodontology | misworshiped | glaciomarine | no related information |
(410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.with a palermo technical impact hazard scale rating of -0.44, it had the fifth highest impact threat of all known asteroids based on its estimated diameter, kinetic yield, impact probability, and time interval.observations to 2019 extended the observation arc by four years and detected a favourable yarkovsky effect, which ruled out impact in 2185.using observations from 16 november 2020, the asteroid was removed from the sentry risk table on 19 november 2020.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules.2009 fd made a close pass to earth on 27 march 2009 at a distance of 0.004172 au (624,100 km; 387,800 mi) and another on 24 october 2010 at 0.0702 au.2009 fd was recovered at apparent magnitude 23 on 30 november 2013 by cerro paranal observatory, several months before the close approach of april 2014 when it passed 0.1 au from earth.it brightened to roughly apparent magnitude 19.3 around mid-march 2014.one radar doppler observation of 2009 fd was made in 2014.the october–november 2015 earth approach was studied by the goldstone deep space network.this gave it an estimated mass of around 2,800,000 tonnes.but work by amy mainzer using neowise data in 2014 showed that it could be as large as 472 metres with an albedo as low as 0.01.because 2009 fd (k09f00d) was only detected in two (w1+w2) of the four wavelengths the suspected neowise diameter is more of an upper limit.radar observations in 2015 showed it to be a binary asteroid.the primary is 120–180 meters in diameter and the secondary is 60–120 meters in diameter.as of 2016, the approach of 29 march 2185 had a 1 in 710 chance of impacting earth.the nominal 2185 earth approach distance was 0.009 au (1,300,000 km; 840,000 mi).orbit determination for 2190 is complicated by the 2185 close approach.the precise distance that it will pass from earth and the moon on 29 march 2185 will determine the 30 march 2190 distance.2009 fd should pass closer to the moon than earth on 29 march 2185.an impact by 2009 fd would cause severe devastation to a large region or tsunamis of significant size.in 2014 (with observations through 5 february 2014, creating an observation arc of 1807 days) the potential 2185 impact was ruled out.using the 2014 observations, the yarkovsky effect has become more significant than the position uncertainties.the yarkovsky effect has resulted in the 2185 virtual impactor returning.while 2009 fd was estimated to be 470 meters in diameter, it was rated −0.40 on the palermo scale, placing it higher on the sentry risk table than any other known object at the time.on 14 june 2019, alessio del vigna and colleagues published a new analysis, which incorporates astrometry taken in 2019.using both jpl's sentry as well as neodys's clomon-2 system, the new data allowed a 4-sigma detection of the yarkovsky effect at (+3.6±0.9)×10−3 au/myr.the 2019 observations extended the observation arc from six years to ten years.this ruled out the 2185 impact possibility, leaving the potential impact in 2190 as the only theoretically possible impact until 2250, at a very low probability of 1 in 100 million. | 410777 2009 fd | mass | 83 kilograms <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | orbitalperiod | 394470000 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | periapsis | 882343000000 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | epoch | 2015-06-27 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | discoverer | spacewatch | (410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules. |
(410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.with a palermo technical impact hazard scale rating of -0.44, it had the fifth highest impact threat of all known asteroids based on its estimated diameter, kinetic yield, impact probability, and time interval.observations to 2019 extended the observation arc by four years and detected a favourable yarkovsky effect, which ruled out impact in 2185.using observations from 16 november 2020, the asteroid was removed from the sentry risk table on 19 november 2020.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules.2009 fd made a close pass to earth on 27 march 2009 at a distance of 0.004172 au (624,100 km; 387,800 mi) and another on 24 october 2010 at 0.0702 au.2009 fd was recovered at apparent magnitude 23 on 30 november 2013 by cerro paranal observatory, several months before the close approach of april 2014 when it passed 0.1 au from earth.it brightened to roughly apparent magnitude 19.3 around mid-march 2014.one radar doppler observation of 2009 fd was made in 2014.the october–november 2015 earth approach was studied by the goldstone deep space network.this gave it an estimated mass of around 2,800,000 tonnes.but work by amy mainzer using neowise data in 2014 showed that it could be as large as 472 metres with an albedo as low as 0.01.because 2009 fd (k09f00d) was only detected in two (w1+w2) of the four wavelengths the suspected neowise diameter is more of an upper limit.radar observations in 2015 showed it to be a binary asteroid.the primary is 120–180 meters in diameter and the secondary is 60–120 meters in diameter.as of 2016, the approach of 29 march 2185 had a 1 in 710 chance of impacting earth.the nominal 2185 earth approach distance was 0.009 au (1,300,000 km; 840,000 mi).orbit determination for 2190 is complicated by the 2185 close approach.the precise distance that it will pass from earth and the moon on 29 march 2185 will determine the 30 march 2190 distance.2009 fd should pass closer to the moon than earth on 29 march 2185.an impact by 2009 fd would cause severe devastation to a large region or tsunamis of significant size.in 2014 (with observations through 5 february 2014, creating an observation arc of 1807 days) the potential 2185 impact was ruled out.using the 2014 observations, the yarkovsky effect has become more significant than the position uncertainties.the yarkovsky effect has resulted in the 2185 virtual impactor returning.while 2009 fd was estimated to be 470 meters in diameter, it was rated −0.40 on the palermo scale, placing it higher on the sentry risk table than any other known object at the time.on 14 june 2019, alessio del vigna and colleagues published a new analysis, which incorporates astrometry taken in 2019.using both jpl's sentry as well as neodys's clomon-2 system, the new data allowed a 4-sigma detection of the yarkovsky effect at (+3.6±0.9)×10−3 au/myr.the 2019 observations extended the observation arc from six years to ten years.this ruled out the 2185 impact possibility, leaving the potential impact in 2190 as the only theoretically possible impact until 2250, at a very low probability of 1 in 100 million. | 410777 2009 fd | orbitalperiod | 394470000 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | periapsis | 882343000000 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | epoch | 2015-06-27 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | discoverer | spacewatch <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | apoapsis | 25977670247055 kilometres | (410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules. |
madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the city has almost 3.6 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million.it is the second-largest city in the european union (eu), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the eu.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the city is situated on an elevated plain about 300 km (190 mi) from the closest seaside location.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.the metropolitan area hosts major spanish companies such as telefónica, iberia, bbva and fcc.it concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the spanish-speaking city generating the largest amount of webpages.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).it also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the spanish language: the standing committee of the association of spanish language academies, headquarters of the royal spanish academy (rae), the instituto cervantes and the foundation of emerging spanish (fundéurae).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.cibeles palace and fountain has become one of the monument symbols of the city.the mayor is josé luis martínez-almeida from the people's party.from the arabic maǧrà (meaning 'water stream') or majrit (مجريط meaning 'spring', 'fountain').the latter is the first documented name of the settlement.a mozarabic variant of the latin matrix, matricis (also meaning 'water stream').at the second half of the 9th century, umayyad emir muhammad i built a fortress on a headland near the river manzanares, as one of the many fortresses he ordered to be built on the border between al-andalus and the kingdoms of león and castile, with the objective of protecting toledo from the christian invasions and also as a starting point for muslim offensives.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. | truthful | interrogatee | marline | no related information |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | antares rocket | finalflight | 2014-10-28 <tsp> antares rocket | maidenflight | 2013-04-21 <tsp> antares rocket | manufacturer | orbital atk <tsp> antares rocket | launchsite | mid-atlantic regional spaceport launch pad 0 <tsp> antares rocket | diameter | 39 metres | antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket. |
(410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.with a palermo technical impact hazard scale rating of -0.44, it had the fifth highest impact threat of all known asteroids based on its estimated diameter, kinetic yield, impact probability, and time interval.observations to 2019 extended the observation arc by four years and detected a favourable yarkovsky effect, which ruled out impact in 2185.using observations from 16 november 2020, the asteroid was removed from the sentry risk table on 19 november 2020.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules.2009 fd made a close pass to earth on 27 march 2009 at a distance of 0.004172 au (624,100 km; 387,800 mi) and another on 24 october 2010 at 0.0702 au.2009 fd was recovered at apparent magnitude 23 on 30 november 2013 by cerro paranal observatory, several months before the close approach of april 2014 when it passed 0.1 au from earth.it brightened to roughly apparent magnitude 19.3 around mid-march 2014.one radar doppler observation of 2009 fd was made in 2014.the october–november 2015 earth approach was studied by the goldstone deep space network.this gave it an estimated mass of around 2,800,000 tonnes.but work by amy mainzer using neowise data in 2014 showed that it could be as large as 472 metres with an albedo as low as 0.01.because 2009 fd (k09f00d) was only detected in two (w1+w2) of the four wavelengths the suspected neowise diameter is more of an upper limit.radar observations in 2015 showed it to be a binary asteroid.the primary is 120–180 meters in diameter and the secondary is 60–120 meters in diameter.as of 2016, the approach of 29 march 2185 had a 1 in 710 chance of impacting earth.the nominal 2185 earth approach distance was 0.009 au (1,300,000 km; 840,000 mi).orbit determination for 2190 is complicated by the 2185 close approach.the precise distance that it will pass from earth and the moon on 29 march 2185 will determine the 30 march 2190 distance.2009 fd should pass closer to the moon than earth on 29 march 2185.an impact by 2009 fd would cause severe devastation to a large region or tsunamis of significant size.in 2014 (with observations through 5 february 2014, creating an observation arc of 1807 days) the potential 2185 impact was ruled out.using the 2014 observations, the yarkovsky effect has become more significant than the position uncertainties.the yarkovsky effect has resulted in the 2185 virtual impactor returning.while 2009 fd was estimated to be 470 meters in diameter, it was rated −0.40 on the palermo scale, placing it higher on the sentry risk table than any other known object at the time.on 14 june 2019, alessio del vigna and colleagues published a new analysis, which incorporates astrometry taken in 2019.using both jpl's sentry as well as neodys's clomon-2 system, the new data allowed a 4-sigma detection of the yarkovsky effect at (+3.6±0.9)×10−3 au/myr.the 2019 observations extended the observation arc from six years to ten years.this ruled out the 2185 impact possibility, leaving the potential impact in 2190 as the only theoretically possible impact until 2250, at a very low probability of 1 in 100 million. | 410777 2009 fd | orbitalperiod | 394470000 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | periapsis | 882343000000 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | epoch | 2015-06-27 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | discoverer | spacewatch <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | apoapsis | 25977670247055 kilometres | (410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules. |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | antares rocket | finalflight | 2014-10-28 <tsp> antares rocket | maidenflight | 2013-04-21 <tsp> antares rocket | manufacturer | orbital atk <tsp> antares rocket | launchsite | mid-atlantic regional spaceport launch pad 0 <tsp> antares rocket | diameter | 39 metres | antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket. |
madrid ( mə-drid, spanish: [maˈðɾið]) is the capital and most populous city of spain.the city has almost 3.6 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million.it is the second-largest city in the european union (eu), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the eu.the municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.madrid lies on the river manzanares in the central part of the iberian peninsula.capital city of both spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country.the city is situated on an elevated plain about 300 km (190 mi) from the closest seaside location.the climate of madrid features hot summers and cool winters.the madrid urban agglomeration has the second-largest gdp in the european union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the iberian peninsula and of southern europe.the metropolitan area hosts major spanish companies such as telefónica, iberia, bbva and fcc.it concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the spanish-speaking city generating the largest amount of webpages.for innovation, madrid is ranked 19th in the world and 7th in europe from 500 cities, in the 2022-2023 annual analysts innovation cities index, published by 2thinknow.madrid houses the headquarters of the un's world tourism organization (unwto), the ibero-american general secretariat (segib), the organization of ibero-american states (oei), and the public interest oversight board (piob).it also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the spanish language: the standing committee of the association of spanish language academies, headquarters of the royal spanish academy (rae), the instituto cervantes and the foundation of emerging spanish (fundéurae).madrid organises fairs such as fitur, arco, simo tci and the madrid fashion week.madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, real madrid and atlético madrid.while madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets.its landmarks include the plaza mayor, the royal palace of madrid; the royal theatre with its restored 1850 opera house; the buen retiro park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century national library building (founded in 1712) containing some of spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the golden triangle of art, located along the paseo del prado and comprising three art museums: prado museum, the reina sofía museum, a museum of modern art, and the thyssen-bornemisza museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.cibeles palace and fountain has become one of the monument symbols of the city.the mayor is josé luis martínez-almeida from the people's party.from the arabic maǧrà (meaning 'water stream') or majrit (مجريط meaning 'spring', 'fountain').the latter is the first documented name of the settlement.a mozarabic variant of the latin matrix, matricis (also meaning 'water stream').at the second half of the 9th century, umayyad emir muhammad i built a fortress on a headland near the river manzanares, as one of the many fortresses he ordered to be built on the border between al-andalus and the kingdoms of león and castile, with the objective of protecting toledo from the christian invasions and also as a starting point for muslim offensives.after the disintegration of the caliphate of córdoba in the early 11th century, madrid was integrated in the taifa of toledo. | firked | underprompter | carbomethoxy | no related information |
(410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.with a palermo technical impact hazard scale rating of -0.44, it had the fifth highest impact threat of all known asteroids based on its estimated diameter, kinetic yield, impact probability, and time interval.observations to 2019 extended the observation arc by four years and detected a favourable yarkovsky effect, which ruled out impact in 2185.using observations from 16 november 2020, the asteroid was removed from the sentry risk table on 19 november 2020.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules.2009 fd made a close pass to earth on 27 march 2009 at a distance of 0.004172 au (624,100 km; 387,800 mi) and another on 24 october 2010 at 0.0702 au.2009 fd was recovered at apparent magnitude 23 on 30 november 2013 by cerro paranal observatory, several months before the close approach of april 2014 when it passed 0.1 au from earth.it brightened to roughly apparent magnitude 19.3 around mid-march 2014.one radar doppler observation of 2009 fd was made in 2014.the october–november 2015 earth approach was studied by the goldstone deep space network.this gave it an estimated mass of around 2,800,000 tonnes.but work by amy mainzer using neowise data in 2014 showed that it could be as large as 472 metres with an albedo as low as 0.01.because 2009 fd (k09f00d) was only detected in two (w1+w2) of the four wavelengths the suspected neowise diameter is more of an upper limit.radar observations in 2015 showed it to be a binary asteroid.the primary is 120–180 meters in diameter and the secondary is 60–120 meters in diameter.as of 2016, the approach of 29 march 2185 had a 1 in 710 chance of impacting earth.the nominal 2185 earth approach distance was 0.009 au (1,300,000 km; 840,000 mi).orbit determination for 2190 is complicated by the 2185 close approach.the precise distance that it will pass from earth and the moon on 29 march 2185 will determine the 30 march 2190 distance.2009 fd should pass closer to the moon than earth on 29 march 2185.an impact by 2009 fd would cause severe devastation to a large region or tsunamis of significant size.in 2014 (with observations through 5 february 2014, creating an observation arc of 1807 days) the potential 2185 impact was ruled out.using the 2014 observations, the yarkovsky effect has become more significant than the position uncertainties.the yarkovsky effect has resulted in the 2185 virtual impactor returning.while 2009 fd was estimated to be 470 meters in diameter, it was rated −0.40 on the palermo scale, placing it higher on the sentry risk table than any other known object at the time.on 14 june 2019, alessio del vigna and colleagues published a new analysis, which incorporates astrometry taken in 2019.using both jpl's sentry as well as neodys's clomon-2 system, the new data allowed a 4-sigma detection of the yarkovsky effect at (+3.6±0.9)×10−3 au/myr.the 2019 observations extended the observation arc from six years to ten years.this ruled out the 2185 impact possibility, leaving the potential impact in 2190 as the only theoretically possible impact until 2250, at a very low probability of 1 in 100 million. | 410777 2009 fd | orbitalperiod | 394470000 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | periapsis | 882343000000 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | epoch | 2015-06-27 <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | discoverer | spacewatch <tsp> 410777 2009 fd | apoapsis | 25977670247055 kilometres | (410777) 2009 fd is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as near-earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the apollo group, discovered on 24 february 2009 by astronomers of the spacewatch program at kitt peak national observatory near tucson, arizona, in the united states.until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with earth in 2185.because there were previous observations found in images taken by the spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 february 2009, the minor planet center assigned the discovery credit to spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules. |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | antares rocket | finalflight | 2014-10-28 <tsp> antares rocket | maidenflight | 2014-01-09 <tsp> antares rocket | manufacturer | orbital atk <tsp> antares rocket | launchsite | mid-atlantic regional spaceport launch pad 0 <tsp> antares rocket | diameter | 39 metres | antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket. |
poaceae () or gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses.it includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture.the latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass.with around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the asteraceae, orchidaceae, fabaceae and rubiaceae.the poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals.they provide, through direct human consumption, just over one-half (51%) of all dietary energy; rice provides 20%, wheat supplies 20%, maize (corn) 5.5%, and other grains 6%.some members of the poaceae are used as building materials (bamboo, thatch, and straw); others can provide a source of biofuel, primarily via the conversion of maize to ethanol.grasses have stems that are hollow except at the nodes and narrow alternate leaves borne in two ranks.the lower part of each leaf encloses the stem, forming a leaf-sheath.the leaf grows from the base of the blade, an adaptation allowing it to cope with frequent grazing.grasslands such as savannah and prairie where grasses are dominant are estimated to constitute 40.5% of the land area of the earth, excluding greenland and antarctica.grasses are also an important part of the vegetation in many other habitats, including wetlands, forests and tundra.though they are commonly called 'grasses', groups such as the seagrasses, rushes and sedges fall outside this family.the rushes and sedges are related to the poaceae, being members of the order poales, but the seagrasses are members of order alismatales.however, all of them belong to the monocot group of plants.grass leaves are nearly always alternate and distichous (in one plane), and have parallel veins.: 11 each leaf is differentiated into a lower sheath hugging the stem and a blade with entire (i.e., smooth) margins.: 11 the leaf blades of many grasses are hardened with silica phytoliths, which discourage grazing animals; some, such as sword grass, are sharp enough to cut human skin.a membranous appendage or fringe of hairs called the ligule lies at the junction between sheath and blade, preventing water or insects from penetrating into the sheath.: 11 flowers of poaceae are characteristically arranged in spikelets, each having one or more florets.: 12 the spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes.the part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla.a spikelet consists of two (or sometimes fewer) bracts at the base, called glumes, followed by one or more florets.: 13 a floret consists of the flower surrounded by two bracts, one external—the lemma—and one internal—the palea.the flowers are usually hermaphroditic—maize being an important exception—and mainly anemophilous or wind-pollinated, although insects occasionally play a role.the perianth is reduced to two scales, called lodicules,: 11 that expand and contract to spread the lemma and palea; these are generally interpreted to be modified sepals.the fruit of grasses is a caryopsis, in which the seed coat is fused to the fruit wall.: 16 a tiller is a leafy shoot other than the first shoot produced from the seed.: 11 === growth and development === grass blades grow at the base of the blade and not from elongated stem tips.this low growth point evolved in response to grazing animals and allows grasses to be grazed or mown regularly without severe damage to the plant.: 113–114 three general classifications of growth habit present in grasses: bunch-type (also called caespitose), stoloniferous, and rhizomatous. | app | irregeneration | denarcotization | no related information |
poaceae () or gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses.it includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture.the latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass.with around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the asteraceae, orchidaceae, fabaceae and rubiaceae.the poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals.they provide, through direct human consumption, just over one-half (51%) of all dietary energy; rice provides 20%, wheat supplies 20%, maize (corn) 5.5%, and other grains 6%.some members of the poaceae are used as building materials (bamboo, thatch, and straw); others can provide a source of biofuel, primarily via the conversion of maize to ethanol.grasses have stems that are hollow except at the nodes and narrow alternate leaves borne in two ranks.the lower part of each leaf encloses the stem, forming a leaf-sheath.the leaf grows from the base of the blade, an adaptation allowing it to cope with frequent grazing.grasslands such as savannah and prairie where grasses are dominant are estimated to constitute 40.5% of the land area of the earth, excluding greenland and antarctica.grasses are also an important part of the vegetation in many other habitats, including wetlands, forests and tundra.though they are commonly called 'grasses', groups such as the seagrasses, rushes and sedges fall outside this family.the rushes and sedges are related to the poaceae, being members of the order poales, but the seagrasses are members of order alismatales.however, all of them belong to the monocot group of plants.grass leaves are nearly always alternate and distichous (in one plane), and have parallel veins.: 11 each leaf is differentiated into a lower sheath hugging the stem and a blade with entire (i.e., smooth) margins.: 11 the leaf blades of many grasses are hardened with silica phytoliths, which discourage grazing animals; some, such as sword grass, are sharp enough to cut human skin.a membranous appendage or fringe of hairs called the ligule lies at the junction between sheath and blade, preventing water or insects from penetrating into the sheath.: 11 flowers of poaceae are characteristically arranged in spikelets, each having one or more florets.: 12 the spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes.the part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla.a spikelet consists of two (or sometimes fewer) bracts at the base, called glumes, followed by one or more florets.: 13 a floret consists of the flower surrounded by two bracts, one external—the lemma—and one internal—the palea.the flowers are usually hermaphroditic—maize being an important exception—and mainly anemophilous or wind-pollinated, although insects occasionally play a role.the perianth is reduced to two scales, called lodicules,: 11 that expand and contract to spread the lemma and palea; these are generally interpreted to be modified sepals.the fruit of grasses is a caryopsis, in which the seed coat is fused to the fruit wall.: 16 a tiller is a leafy shoot other than the first shoot produced from the seed.: 11 === growth and development === grass blades grow at the base of the blade and not from elongated stem tips.this low growth point evolved in response to grazing animals and allows grasses to be grazed or mown regularly without severe damage to the plant.: 113–114 three general classifications of growth habit present in grasses: bunch-type (also called caespitose), stoloniferous, and rhizomatous. | poaceae | division | flowering plant <tsp> alderney airport | 1st runway surfacetype | poaceae <tsp> poaceae | order | poales <tsp> poaceae | order | commelinids <tsp> poaceae | class | monocotyledon | poaceae () or gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses.with around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the asteraceae, orchidaceae, fabaceae and rubiaceae.the poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals.the rushes and sedges are related to the poaceae, being members of the order poales, but the seagrasses are members of order alismatales. |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | antares rocket | finalflight | 2014-10-28 <tsp> antares rocket | maidenflight | 2014-01-09 <tsp> antares rocket | manufacturer | orbital atk <tsp> antares rocket | launchsite | mid-atlantic regional spaceport launch pad 0 <tsp> antares rocket | diameter | 39 metres | antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket. |
(66063) 1998 ro1 is a stony near-earth object of the aten group on a highly-eccentric orbit.the synchronous binary system measures approximately 800 meters (0.50 miles) in diameter.it was discovered by astronomers of the lincoln near-earth asteroid research at the lincoln laboratory's experimental test site near socorro, new mexico, on 14 september 1998.its minor-planet moon, provisionally designated s/2001 (66063) 1, was discovered in september 2003.it has an orbital period of 14.53 hours and measures approximately 48% of its primary, or 380 meters.it is one of seven known aten binaries as of 2017.it has an orbital period of 360.29 days (0.99 years) and makes close approaches to earth.but 1998 ro1 makes closer approaches to other inner planets, especially mars.its closest approach to a planet between 1950–2200 was to mars, as it passed 0.00898 au (1,343,000 km) from mars on 18 march 1964, and will pass 0.0054 au (810,000 km) from mars on 12 october 2065.this moon was discovered from lightcurve observations going from 13 to 28 september 2013, and was confirmed by radar observations from the arecibo observatory one year later.it is in a very close orbit to 1998 ro1, with a semi-major axis of 800 m (2,600 ft) and an eccentricity of 0.06, giving it a periapsis of 752 m (2,467 ft) and an apoapsis of 848 m (2,782 ft).s/2001 (66063) 1 takes 14.54 hours to complete one orbit around 1998 ro1.from the surface of 1998 ro1, s/2001 (66063) 1 would have an apparent diameter of roughly 41°.for comparison, the sun appears to be 0.5° from earth.the secondary orbits its primary in a manner very similar to the adjunct image, where the red cross is the center of mass.as of 2018, it has not been named. | surrejoinders | derision | trayfuls <tsp> surrejoinders | exostrae | altrices | no related information |
(66063) 1998 ro1 is a stony near-earth object of the aten group on a highly-eccentric orbit.the synchronous binary system measures approximately 800 meters (0.50 miles) in diameter.it was discovered by astronomers of the lincoln near-earth asteroid research at the lincoln laboratory's experimental test site near socorro, new mexico, on 14 september 1998.its minor-planet moon, provisionally designated s/2001 (66063) 1, was discovered in september 2003.it has an orbital period of 14.53 hours and measures approximately 48% of its primary, or 380 meters.it is one of seven known aten binaries as of 2017.it has an orbital period of 360.29 days (0.99 years) and makes close approaches to earth.but 1998 ro1 makes closer approaches to other inner planets, especially mars.its closest approach to a planet between 1950–2200 was to mars, as it passed 0.00898 au (1,343,000 km) from mars on 18 march 1964, and will pass 0.0054 au (810,000 km) from mars on 12 october 2065.this moon was discovered from lightcurve observations going from 13 to 28 september 2013, and was confirmed by radar observations from the arecibo observatory one year later.it is in a very close orbit to 1998 ro1, with a semi-major axis of 800 m (2,600 ft) and an eccentricity of 0.06, giving it a periapsis of 752 m (2,467 ft) and an apoapsis of 848 m (2,782 ft).s/2001 (66063) 1 takes 14.54 hours to complete one orbit around 1998 ro1.from the surface of 1998 ro1, s/2001 (66063) 1 would have an apparent diameter of roughly 41°.for comparison, the sun appears to be 0.5° from earth.the secondary orbits its primary in a manner very similar to the adjunct image, where the red cross is the center of mass.as of 2018, it has not been named. | 66063 1998 ro1 | discoverer | lincoln near-earth asteroid research <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | epoch | 2013-11-04 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | formername | 1999 sn5 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | orbitalperiod | 36029 days <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | periapsis | 414984000000 | (66063) 1998 ro1 is a stony near-earth object of the aten group on a highly-eccentric orbit.it was discovered by astronomers of the lincoln near-earth asteroid research at the lincoln laboratory's experimental test site near socorro, new mexico, on 14 september 1998.its minor-planet moon, provisionally designated s/2001 (66063) 1, was discovered in september 2003. |
poaceae () or gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses.it includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture.the latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass.with around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the asteraceae, orchidaceae, fabaceae and rubiaceae.the poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals.they provide, through direct human consumption, just over one-half (51%) of all dietary energy; rice provides 20%, wheat supplies 20%, maize (corn) 5.5%, and other grains 6%.some members of the poaceae are used as building materials (bamboo, thatch, and straw); others can provide a source of biofuel, primarily via the conversion of maize to ethanol.grasses have stems that are hollow except at the nodes and narrow alternate leaves borne in two ranks.the lower part of each leaf encloses the stem, forming a leaf-sheath.the leaf grows from the base of the blade, an adaptation allowing it to cope with frequent grazing.grasslands such as savannah and prairie where grasses are dominant are estimated to constitute 40.5% of the land area of the earth, excluding greenland and antarctica.grasses are also an important part of the vegetation in many other habitats, including wetlands, forests and tundra.though they are commonly called 'grasses', groups such as the seagrasses, rushes and sedges fall outside this family.the rushes and sedges are related to the poaceae, being members of the order poales, but the seagrasses are members of order alismatales.however, all of them belong to the monocot group of plants.grass leaves are nearly always alternate and distichous (in one plane), and have parallel veins.: 11 each leaf is differentiated into a lower sheath hugging the stem and a blade with entire (i.e., smooth) margins.: 11 the leaf blades of many grasses are hardened with silica phytoliths, which discourage grazing animals; some, such as sword grass, are sharp enough to cut human skin.a membranous appendage or fringe of hairs called the ligule lies at the junction between sheath and blade, preventing water or insects from penetrating into the sheath.: 11 flowers of poaceae are characteristically arranged in spikelets, each having one or more florets.: 12 the spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes.the part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla.a spikelet consists of two (or sometimes fewer) bracts at the base, called glumes, followed by one or more florets.: 13 a floret consists of the flower surrounded by two bracts, one external—the lemma—and one internal—the palea.the flowers are usually hermaphroditic—maize being an important exception—and mainly anemophilous or wind-pollinated, although insects occasionally play a role.the perianth is reduced to two scales, called lodicules,: 11 that expand and contract to spread the lemma and palea; these are generally interpreted to be modified sepals.the fruit of grasses is a caryopsis, in which the seed coat is fused to the fruit wall.: 16 a tiller is a leafy shoot other than the first shoot produced from the seed.: 11 === growth and development === grass blades grow at the base of the blade and not from elongated stem tips.this low growth point evolved in response to grazing animals and allows grasses to be grazed or mown regularly without severe damage to the plant.: 113–114 three general classifications of growth habit present in grasses: bunch-type (also called caespitose), stoloniferous, and rhizomatous. | cathected | stablishment | redeemers | no related information |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | antares rocket | finalflight | 2014-10-28 <tsp> antares rocket | maidenflight | 2014-01-09 <tsp> antares rocket | manufacturer | orbital atk <tsp> antares rocket | launchsite | mid-atlantic regional spaceport launch pad 0 <tsp> antares rocket | diameter | 39 metres | antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket. |
(66063) 1998 ro1 is a stony near-earth object of the aten group on a highly-eccentric orbit.the synchronous binary system measures approximately 800 meters (0.50 miles) in diameter.it was discovered by astronomers of the lincoln near-earth asteroid research at the lincoln laboratory's experimental test site near socorro, new mexico, on 14 september 1998.its minor-planet moon, provisionally designated s/2001 (66063) 1, was discovered in september 2003.it has an orbital period of 14.53 hours and measures approximately 48% of its primary, or 380 meters.it is one of seven known aten binaries as of 2017.it has an orbital period of 360.29 days (0.99 years) and makes close approaches to earth.but 1998 ro1 makes closer approaches to other inner planets, especially mars.its closest approach to a planet between 1950–2200 was to mars, as it passed 0.00898 au (1,343,000 km) from mars on 18 march 1964, and will pass 0.0054 au (810,000 km) from mars on 12 october 2065.this moon was discovered from lightcurve observations going from 13 to 28 september 2013, and was confirmed by radar observations from the arecibo observatory one year later.it is in a very close orbit to 1998 ro1, with a semi-major axis of 800 m (2,600 ft) and an eccentricity of 0.06, giving it a periapsis of 752 m (2,467 ft) and an apoapsis of 848 m (2,782 ft).s/2001 (66063) 1 takes 14.54 hours to complete one orbit around 1998 ro1.from the surface of 1998 ro1, s/2001 (66063) 1 would have an apparent diameter of roughly 41°.for comparison, the sun appears to be 0.5° from earth.the secondary orbits its primary in a manner very similar to the adjunct image, where the red cross is the center of mass.as of 2018, it has not been named. | 66063 1998 ro1 | discoverer | lincoln near-earth asteroid research <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | epoch | 2013-11-04 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | formername | 1999 sn5 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | orbitalperiod | 36029 days <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | periapsis | 414984000000 | (66063) 1998 ro1 is a stony near-earth object of the aten group on a highly-eccentric orbit.it was discovered by astronomers of the lincoln near-earth asteroid research at the lincoln laboratory's experimental test site near socorro, new mexico, on 14 september 1998.its minor-planet moon, provisionally designated s/2001 (66063) 1, was discovered in september 2003. |
(66063) 1998 ro1 is a stony near-earth object of the aten group on a highly-eccentric orbit.the synchronous binary system measures approximately 800 meters (0.50 miles) in diameter.it was discovered by astronomers of the lincoln near-earth asteroid research at the lincoln laboratory's experimental test site near socorro, new mexico, on 14 september 1998.its minor-planet moon, provisionally designated s/2001 (66063) 1, was discovered in september 2003.it has an orbital period of 14.53 hours and measures approximately 48% of its primary, or 380 meters.it is one of seven known aten binaries as of 2017.it has an orbital period of 360.29 days (0.99 years) and makes close approaches to earth.but 1998 ro1 makes closer approaches to other inner planets, especially mars.its closest approach to a planet between 1950–2200 was to mars, as it passed 0.00898 au (1,343,000 km) from mars on 18 march 1964, and will pass 0.0054 au (810,000 km) from mars on 12 october 2065.this moon was discovered from lightcurve observations going from 13 to 28 september 2013, and was confirmed by radar observations from the arecibo observatory one year later.it is in a very close orbit to 1998 ro1, with a semi-major axis of 800 m (2,600 ft) and an eccentricity of 0.06, giving it a periapsis of 752 m (2,467 ft) and an apoapsis of 848 m (2,782 ft).s/2001 (66063) 1 takes 14.54 hours to complete one orbit around 1998 ro1.from the surface of 1998 ro1, s/2001 (66063) 1 would have an apparent diameter of roughly 41°.for comparison, the sun appears to be 0.5° from earth.the secondary orbits its primary in a manner very similar to the adjunct image, where the red cross is the center of mass.as of 2018, it has not been named. | 66063 1998 ro1 | epoch | 2013-11-04 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | formername | 1999 sn5 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | orbitalperiod | 36029 days <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | periapsis | 414984000000 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | apoapsis | 25498957060815 kilometres | no related information |
poaceae () or gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses.it includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture.the latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass.with around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the asteraceae, orchidaceae, fabaceae and rubiaceae.the poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals.they provide, through direct human consumption, just over one-half (51%) of all dietary energy; rice provides 20%, wheat supplies 20%, maize (corn) 5.5%, and other grains 6%.some members of the poaceae are used as building materials (bamboo, thatch, and straw); others can provide a source of biofuel, primarily via the conversion of maize to ethanol.grasses have stems that are hollow except at the nodes and narrow alternate leaves borne in two ranks.the lower part of each leaf encloses the stem, forming a leaf-sheath.the leaf grows from the base of the blade, an adaptation allowing it to cope with frequent grazing.grasslands such as savannah and prairie where grasses are dominant are estimated to constitute 40.5% of the land area of the earth, excluding greenland and antarctica.grasses are also an important part of the vegetation in many other habitats, including wetlands, forests and tundra.though they are commonly called 'grasses', groups such as the seagrasses, rushes and sedges fall outside this family.the rushes and sedges are related to the poaceae, being members of the order poales, but the seagrasses are members of order alismatales.however, all of them belong to the monocot group of plants.grass leaves are nearly always alternate and distichous (in one plane), and have parallel veins.: 11 each leaf is differentiated into a lower sheath hugging the stem and a blade with entire (i.e., smooth) margins.: 11 the leaf blades of many grasses are hardened with silica phytoliths, which discourage grazing animals; some, such as sword grass, are sharp enough to cut human skin.a membranous appendage or fringe of hairs called the ligule lies at the junction between sheath and blade, preventing water or insects from penetrating into the sheath.: 11 flowers of poaceae are characteristically arranged in spikelets, each having one or more florets.: 12 the spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes.the part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla.a spikelet consists of two (or sometimes fewer) bracts at the base, called glumes, followed by one or more florets.: 13 a floret consists of the flower surrounded by two bracts, one external—the lemma—and one internal—the palea.the flowers are usually hermaphroditic—maize being an important exception—and mainly anemophilous or wind-pollinated, although insects occasionally play a role.the perianth is reduced to two scales, called lodicules,: 11 that expand and contract to spread the lemma and palea; these are generally interpreted to be modified sepals.the fruit of grasses is a caryopsis, in which the seed coat is fused to the fruit wall.: 16 a tiller is a leafy shoot other than the first shoot produced from the seed.: 11 === growth and development === grass blades grow at the base of the blade and not from elongated stem tips.this low growth point evolved in response to grazing animals and allows grasses to be grazed or mown regularly without severe damage to the plant.: 113–114 three general classifications of growth habit present in grasses: bunch-type (also called caespitose), stoloniferous, and rhizomatous. | floriscope | seizors | concentrations | no related information |
(66063) 1998 ro1 is a stony near-earth object of the aten group on a highly-eccentric orbit.the synchronous binary system measures approximately 800 meters (0.50 miles) in diameter.it was discovered by astronomers of the lincoln near-earth asteroid research at the lincoln laboratory's experimental test site near socorro, new mexico, on 14 september 1998.its minor-planet moon, provisionally designated s/2001 (66063) 1, was discovered in september 2003.it has an orbital period of 14.53 hours and measures approximately 48% of its primary, or 380 meters.it is one of seven known aten binaries as of 2017.it has an orbital period of 360.29 days (0.99 years) and makes close approaches to earth.but 1998 ro1 makes closer approaches to other inner planets, especially mars.its closest approach to a planet between 1950–2200 was to mars, as it passed 0.00898 au (1,343,000 km) from mars on 18 march 1964, and will pass 0.0054 au (810,000 km) from mars on 12 october 2065.this moon was discovered from lightcurve observations going from 13 to 28 september 2013, and was confirmed by radar observations from the arecibo observatory one year later.it is in a very close orbit to 1998 ro1, with a semi-major axis of 800 m (2,600 ft) and an eccentricity of 0.06, giving it a periapsis of 752 m (2,467 ft) and an apoapsis of 848 m (2,782 ft).s/2001 (66063) 1 takes 14.54 hours to complete one orbit around 1998 ro1.from the surface of 1998 ro1, s/2001 (66063) 1 would have an apparent diameter of roughly 41°.for comparison, the sun appears to be 0.5° from earth.the secondary orbits its primary in a manner very similar to the adjunct image, where the red cross is the center of mass.as of 2018, it has not been named. | 66063 1998 ro1 | epoch | 2013-11-04 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | formername | 1999 sn5 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | orbitalperiod | 36029 days <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | periapsis | 414984000000 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | apoapsis | 25498957060815 kilometres | no related information |
antares (), known during early development as taurus ii, is an expendable launch system developed by orbital sciences corporation (now part of northrop grumman) and the pivdenne design bureau to launch the cygnus spacecraft to the international space station as part of nasa's cots and crs programs.able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) into low earth orbit, antares is currently the largest rocket operated by northrop grumman.antares launches from the mid-atlantic regional spaceport and made its inaugural flight on april 21, 2013.nasa awarded orbital a commercial orbital transportation services (cots) space act agreement (saa) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the international space station.for these cots missions orbital intends to use antares to launch its cygnus spacecraft.in addition, antares will compete for small-to-medium missions.originally designated the taurus ii, orbital sciences renamed the vehicle antares, after the star of the same name, on december 12, 2011.out of 17 total launches, antares has suffered one failure.during the fifth launch on october 28, 2014, the rocket failed catastrophically, and the vehicle and payload were destroyed.the rocket's first-stage engines were identified as the cause for the failure.a different engine was chosen for subsequent launches, and the rocket had a successful return to flight on october 17, 2016.the antares has flown two major design iterations, the 100 series and 200 series.both series have used a castor 30xl as an upper stage but have differed on the first stage.the 100 series used two kerolox powered aj26 engine in the first stage and launched successfully four times.the 100 series was retired following a launch failure in 2014.the 200 series which first flew in 2016 also featured a kerolox first stage but instead used two rd-181 engine along with other minor upgrades.the 200 series future became uncertain following the russian invasion of ukraine.due to the first stage being produced in ukraine and the engines in russia, future production of the rocket was unable to be continued.as a result northrop grumman entered into an agreement with firefly aerospace to build the first stage of the antares 300 series.northrop also contracted with spacex for 3 falcon 9 launches.a commercial resupply service contract of $1.9 billion for eight flights was awarded in 2008.as of april 2012, development costs were estimated at $472 million.in june 2008, it was announced that the mid-atlantic regional spaceport, formerly part of the wallops flight facility, in virginia, would be the primary launch site for the rocket.launch pad 0a (lp-0a), previously used for the failed conestoga rocket, would be modified to handle antares.wallops allows launches which reach the international space station's orbit as effectively as those from cape canaveral, florida, while being less crowded.the first antares flight launched a cygnus mass simulator.on december 10, 2009, alliant techsystems inc. (atk) test-fired their castor 30 motor for use on the second stage of the antares rocket.in march 2010, orbital sciences and aerojet completed test firings of the aj-26 engines.on february 22, 2013, a hot fire test was successfully performed, the entire first stage being erected on the pad and held down while the engines fired for 29 seconds.as orbital had little experience with large liquid stages and lox propellant, the first stage core was designed and is manufactured in ukraine by kb pivdenne and pivdenmash and includes propellant tanks, pressurization tanks, valves, sensors, feed lines, tubing, wiring and other associated hardware.like the zenit—also manufactured by yuzhmash—the antares vehicle has a diameter of 3.9 m (150 in) with a matching 3.9 m payload fairing. | besoil | jettying | organs <tsp> besoil | unsaddled | tailwise | no related information |
poaceae () or gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses.it includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture.the latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass.with around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the asteraceae, orchidaceae, fabaceae and rubiaceae.the poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals.they provide, through direct human consumption, just over one-half (51%) of all dietary energy; rice provides 20%, wheat supplies 20%, maize (corn) 5.5%, and other grains 6%.some members of the poaceae are used as building materials (bamboo, thatch, and straw); others can provide a source of biofuel, primarily via the conversion of maize to ethanol.grasses have stems that are hollow except at the nodes and narrow alternate leaves borne in two ranks.the lower part of each leaf encloses the stem, forming a leaf-sheath.the leaf grows from the base of the blade, an adaptation allowing it to cope with frequent grazing.grasslands such as savannah and prairie where grasses are dominant are estimated to constitute 40.5% of the land area of the earth, excluding greenland and antarctica.grasses are also an important part of the vegetation in many other habitats, including wetlands, forests and tundra.though they are commonly called 'grasses', groups such as the seagrasses, rushes and sedges fall outside this family.the rushes and sedges are related to the poaceae, being members of the order poales, but the seagrasses are members of order alismatales.however, all of them belong to the monocot group of plants.grass leaves are nearly always alternate and distichous (in one plane), and have parallel veins.: 11 each leaf is differentiated into a lower sheath hugging the stem and a blade with entire (i.e., smooth) margins.: 11 the leaf blades of many grasses are hardened with silica phytoliths, which discourage grazing animals; some, such as sword grass, are sharp enough to cut human skin.a membranous appendage or fringe of hairs called the ligule lies at the junction between sheath and blade, preventing water or insects from penetrating into the sheath.: 11 flowers of poaceae are characteristically arranged in spikelets, each having one or more florets.: 12 the spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes.the part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla.a spikelet consists of two (or sometimes fewer) bracts at the base, called glumes, followed by one or more florets.: 13 a floret consists of the flower surrounded by two bracts, one external—the lemma—and one internal—the palea.the flowers are usually hermaphroditic—maize being an important exception—and mainly anemophilous or wind-pollinated, although insects occasionally play a role.the perianth is reduced to two scales, called lodicules,: 11 that expand and contract to spread the lemma and palea; these are generally interpreted to be modified sepals.the fruit of grasses is a caryopsis, in which the seed coat is fused to the fruit wall.: 16 a tiller is a leafy shoot other than the first shoot produced from the seed.: 11 === growth and development === grass blades grow at the base of the blade and not from elongated stem tips.this low growth point evolved in response to grazing animals and allows grasses to be grazed or mown regularly without severe damage to the plant.: 113–114 three general classifications of growth habit present in grasses: bunch-type (also called caespitose), stoloniferous, and rhizomatous. | poaceae | order | poales <tsp> poaceae | class | monocotyledon <tsp> poaceae | division | flowering plant <tsp> poaceae | order | commelinids <tsp> ardmore airport new zealand | 2nd runway surfacetype | poaceae | poaceae () or gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses.with around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the asteraceae, orchidaceae, fabaceae and rubiaceae.the poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals.the rushes and sedges are related to the poaceae, being members of the order poales, but the seagrasses are members of order alismatales. |
(66063) 1998 ro1 is a stony near-earth object of the aten group on a highly-eccentric orbit.the synchronous binary system measures approximately 800 meters (0.50 miles) in diameter.it was discovered by astronomers of the lincoln near-earth asteroid research at the lincoln laboratory's experimental test site near socorro, new mexico, on 14 september 1998.its minor-planet moon, provisionally designated s/2001 (66063) 1, was discovered in september 2003.it has an orbital period of 14.53 hours and measures approximately 48% of its primary, or 380 meters.it is one of seven known aten binaries as of 2017.it has an orbital period of 360.29 days (0.99 years) and makes close approaches to earth.but 1998 ro1 makes closer approaches to other inner planets, especially mars.its closest approach to a planet between 1950–2200 was to mars, as it passed 0.00898 au (1,343,000 km) from mars on 18 march 1964, and will pass 0.0054 au (810,000 km) from mars on 12 october 2065.this moon was discovered from lightcurve observations going from 13 to 28 september 2013, and was confirmed by radar observations from the arecibo observatory one year later.it is in a very close orbit to 1998 ro1, with a semi-major axis of 800 m (2,600 ft) and an eccentricity of 0.06, giving it a periapsis of 752 m (2,467 ft) and an apoapsis of 848 m (2,782 ft).s/2001 (66063) 1 takes 14.54 hours to complete one orbit around 1998 ro1.from the surface of 1998 ro1, s/2001 (66063) 1 would have an apparent diameter of roughly 41°.for comparison, the sun appears to be 0.5° from earth.the secondary orbits its primary in a manner very similar to the adjunct image, where the red cross is the center of mass.as of 2018, it has not been named. | 66063 1998 ro1 | epoch | 2013-11-04 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | formername | 1999 sn5 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | orbitalperiod | 36029 days <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | periapsis | 414984000000 <tsp> 66063 1998 ro1 | apoapsis | 25498957060815 kilometres | no related information |
poaceae () or gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses.it includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture.the latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass.with around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the asteraceae, orchidaceae, fabaceae and rubiaceae.the poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals.they provide, through direct human consumption, just over one-half (51%) of all dietary energy; rice provides 20%, wheat supplies 20%, maize (corn) 5.5%, and other grains 6%.some members of the poaceae are used as building materials (bamboo, thatch, and straw); others can provide a source of biofuel, primarily via the conversion of maize to ethanol.grasses have stems that are hollow except at the nodes and narrow alternate leaves borne in two ranks.the lower part of each leaf encloses the stem, forming a leaf-sheath.the leaf grows from the base of the blade, an adaptation allowing it to cope with frequent grazing.grasslands such as savannah and prairie where grasses are dominant are estimated to constitute 40.5% of the land area of the earth, excluding greenland and antarctica.grasses are also an important part of the vegetation in many other habitats, including wetlands, forests and tundra.though they are commonly called 'grasses', groups such as the seagrasses, rushes and sedges fall outside this family.the rushes and sedges are related to the poaceae, being members of the order poales, but the seagrasses are members of order alismatales.however, all of them belong to the monocot group of plants.grass leaves are nearly always alternate and distichous (in one plane), and have parallel veins.: 11 each leaf is differentiated into a lower sheath hugging the stem and a blade with entire (i.e., smooth) margins.: 11 the leaf blades of many grasses are hardened with silica phytoliths, which discourage grazing animals; some, such as sword grass, are sharp enough to cut human skin.a membranous appendage or fringe of hairs called the ligule lies at the junction between sheath and blade, preventing water or insects from penetrating into the sheath.: 11 flowers of poaceae are characteristically arranged in spikelets, each having one or more florets.: 12 the spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes.the part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla.a spikelet consists of two (or sometimes fewer) bracts at the base, called glumes, followed by one or more florets.: 13 a floret consists of the flower surrounded by two bracts, one external—the lemma—and one internal—the palea.the flowers are usually hermaphroditic—maize being an important exception—and mainly anemophilous or wind-pollinated, although insects occasionally play a role.the perianth is reduced to two scales, called lodicules,: 11 that expand and contract to spread the lemma and palea; these are generally interpreted to be modified sepals.the fruit of grasses is a caryopsis, in which the seed coat is fused to the fruit wall.: 16 a tiller is a leafy shoot other than the first shoot produced from the seed.: 11 === growth and development === grass blades grow at the base of the blade and not from elongated stem tips.this low growth point evolved in response to grazing animals and allows grasses to be grazed or mown regularly without severe damage to the plant.: 113–114 three general classifications of growth habit present in grasses: bunch-type (also called caespitose), stoloniferous, and rhizomatous. | volatilisable | blackjack | francium | no related information |
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