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ITTF 2021 Anti -Doping Rules Page 58 of 61 National Olympic Committee : The organization recognized by the International Olym pic Committee.
The term National Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport Confederation in those countries where the National Sport Confederation assumes typical National Olympic Committee responsibilities in the anti -doping area.
No Fault or Negligence : The Athlete or other Person 's estab lishing that he or she did not know or suspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected even with the exercise of utmost caution, that he or she had Used or been administered the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or otherwise violated an a nti-doping rule .
Except in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete , for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered the Athlete’s system .
No Significant Fault or Negligence : The Athlete or other Person 's establishing that any Fault or Negligence , when viewed in the totality of the circumstances and taking into account the criteria for No Fault or Negligence , was not significant in relationship to the anti -doping rule violation.
Ex cept in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete , for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered the Athlete’s system.
Operational Independence : This means that (1) board members, staff members, commission members, consultants and officials of the Anti-Doping Organization with responsibility for Results Management or its affiliates (e.g., member federation or confederation), as well as any Person involved in the investigation and pre -adjudication of the matter cannot be appointed as members and/or clerks (to the extent that such clerk is involved in the deliberation process and/or drafting of any decision) of hearing panels of that Anti-Doping Org anization with responsibility for Results Management and (2) hearing panels shall be in a position to conduct the hearing and decision -making process without interference from the Anti-Doping Organization or any third party.
The objective is to ensure that members of the hearing panel or individuals otherwise involved in the decision of the hearing panel, are not involved in the investigation of, or decisions to proceed with, the case.
Out-of-Competition : Any period which is not In-Competition .
Participant : Any Athlete or Athlete Support Person .
Person : A natural Person or an organization or other entity.
Possession : The actual, physical Possession , or the constructive Possession (which shall be found only if the Person has exclusive control or intends to exercise control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists); provided, however, that if the Person does not have exclusive control ove r the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists, constructive Possession shall only be found if the Person knew about the presence of the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method and intended to exercise control over it.
Provided, however, there shall be no anti -doping rule violation based solely on Possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kind that the Person has committed an anti -doping rule violation, the Person has taken concrete action demonstrating that the Person never intended to have Possession and has renounced Possession by explicitly declaring it to an Anti-Doping Organization .
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this definition, the purchase (includ ing by any electronic or other means) of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method constitutes Possession by the Person who makes the purchase.80 Prohibited List : The List identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods .
Prohibited Method : Any method so described on the Prohibited List .
80 [Comment to Possession : Under this definition, anabolic steroids found in an Athlete's car would constitute a violation unless the Athlete establishes that someone else used the car; in that event, ITTF must establish that, even though the Athlete did not have exclusive control o ver the car, the Athlete knew about the anabolic steroids and intended to have control over them.
Similarly, in the example of anabolic steroids found in a home medicine cabinet under the joint control of an Athlete and spouse, ITTF must establish that the Athlete knew the anabolic steroids were in the cabinet and that the Athlete intended to exercise control over them.
The act of purchasing a Prohibited Substance alone constitutes Possession, even where, for example, the product does not arrive, is receive d by someone else, or is sent to a third party address.]
ITTF 2021 Anti -Doping Rules Page 59 of 61 Prohibited Substance : Any substance, or class of substances, so described on the Prohibited List .
Protected Person : An Athlete or other natural Person who at the time of the anti -doping rule violation: (i) has not reached the age of sixteen (16) years; (ii) has not reached the age of eighteen (18) years and is not included in any Registered Testing Pool and has never competed in any International Event in an open category; or (iii) for reasons other than age has been determined to lack legal capacity under applicable national legislation.81 Provisional Hearing : For purposes of Article 7.4.3, an expedited abbreviated hearing occurring prior to a hearing under Article 8 that provides the Athlete with notice and an opportunity to be heard in either written or oral form.82 Provisional Suspension : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above.
Publicly Disclose : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above.
Recreational Athlete : A natural Person who is so defined by the relevant National Anti -Doping Organization ; provided, however, the term shall not include any Person who, within the five (5) years prior to committing any anti -doping rule violation, has been an International -Level Athlete (as defined by each International Federation consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations) or National -Level Athlete (as defined by each National Anti -Doping Organization consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations), has represented any country in an International Event in an open category or has been included within any Registered Testing Pool or other whereabouts information pool maintained by any International Federation or National Anti -Doping Organization .83 Regional Anti -Doping Organization : A regional entity designated by member countries to coordinate and manage delegated areas of their national anti -doping programs, which may include the adoption and implementation of anti -doping rules, the planning and collection of Samples , the management of results, the review of TUEs , the conduct of hearings, and the conduct of Educational programs at a regional level.
Registered Testing Pool : The pool of highest -priority Athletes established separately at the international level by International Federa tions and at the national level by National Anti -Doping Organizations , who are subject to focused In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of that International Federation's or National Anti -Doping Organization's test distribution plan and therefore are required to provide whereabouts information as provided in Article 5.
5 and the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Results Management : The process encompassing the timeframe between notification as per Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management , or in certain cases (e.g., Atypical Finding , Athlete Biological Passport , whereabouts failure), such pre -notification steps expressly provided for in Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management , through the charge until the final resolution of the matter, including the end of the hearing process at first instance or on app eal (if an appeal was lodged).
Sample or Specimen : Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control .84 81 [Comment to Protected Person: The Code treats Protected Persons differently than other Athletes or Persons in certain circumstances based on the understanding that, below a certain age or intellectual capacity, an Athlete or other Person may not possess th e mental capacity to understand and appreciate the prohibitions against conduct contained in the Code.
This would include, for example, a Paralympic Athlete with a documented lack of legal capacity due to an intellectual impairment.
The term “open category ” is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.]
82 [Comment to Provisional Hearing : A Provisional Hearing is only a preliminary proceeding which may not involve a full review of the facts of the case.
Following a Pro visional Hearing, the Athlete remains entitled to a subsequent full hearing on the merits of the case.
By contrast, an “expedited hearing”, as that term is used in Article 7.4.3, is a full hearing on the merits conducted on an expedited time schedule.]
83 [Comment to Recreational Athlete: The term “open category” is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.]
84 [Comment to Sample or Specimen : It has sometimes been claimed that the collection of blood Samples violates the tenets of certain religious or cultural groups.
It has been determined that there is no basis for any such claim.]
ITTF 2021 Anti -Doping Rules Page 60 of 61 Signatories : Those entities accepting the Code and agreeing to implement the Code , as provided in Article 23 of the Code .
Specified Method: See Article 4.2.2.
Specified Substance : See Article 4.2.2.
Strict Liability : The rule which provides that under Article 2.1 and Article 2.2, it is not necessary that intent, Fault , Negligence , or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated by the Anti-Doping Organization in order to establish an anti -doping rule violation.
Substance of Abuse : See Article 4.2.3.
Substantial Assistance : For purposes of Article 10.7.1, a Person providing Substantial Assistance must: (1) fully disclose in a signed written statement or recorded interview all information he or she possesses in relation to anti -doping rule violations or other proceeding described in Article 10.7.1.1, and (2) fully cooperate with the investigation and adjudication of any case or matter related to that information, including, for example, presenting testimony at a hearing if requested to do so by an Anti-Doping Organization or hearing panel.
Further, the informa tion provided must be credible and must comprise an important part of any case or proceeding which is initiated or, if no case or proceeding is initiated, must have provided a sufficient basis on which a case or proceeding could have been brought.
Tamperi ng: Intentional conduct which subverts the Doping Control process but which would not otherwise be included in the definition of Prohibited Methods .
Tampering shall include, without limitation, offering or accepting a bribe to perform or fail to perform an act, preventing the collection of a Sample , affecting or making impossible the analysis of a Sample , falsifying documents submitted to an Anti-Doping Organization or TUE committee or hearing panel, procuring false testimony from witnesses, committing any other fraudulent act upon the Anti-Doping Organization or hearing body to affect Results Management or the imposition of Consequences , and any other similar intentional interference or Attempted interference with any aspect of Doping Control .85 Target Testing : Selection of specific Athletes for Testing based on criteria set forth in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Team Sport : A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a Competition .
Technical Document : A document adopted and published by WADA from time to time containing mandatory technical requirements on specific anti -doping topics as set forth in an International Standard .
Testing : The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory.
Testing Pool: The tier below the Registered Testing Pool which includes Athletes from whom some whereabouts information is required in order to locate and Test the Athlete Out-of-Competition .
Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE): A Therapeutic Use Exemption allows an Athlete with a medical condition to Use a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method , but only if the conditions set out in Article 4.4 and the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions are met.
Trafficking : Selling, giving, transporting, sending, delivering or distributing (or Possessing for any such purpose ) a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method (either physically or by any electronic or other means) by an Athlete , Athlete Support Person or any other Person subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping Organization to any third party; provided, however, t his definition shall not include the actions of bona fide medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance used for genuine and legal therapeutic 85 [Comment to Tampering: For example, this Article would prohibit altering identification numbers on a Doping Control form during Testing, breaking the B bottle at the time of B Sample analysis, altering a Sample by the addition of a foreign substance , or intimidating or attempting to intimidate a potential witness or a witness who has provided testimony or information in the Doping Control process.
Tampering includes misconduct which occurs during the Results Management process.
See Article 10.9.3.3.
However, actions taken as part of a Person's legitimate defense to an anti -doping rule violation charge shall not be considered Tam pering.
Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official or other Person involved in Doping Control which does not otherwise constitute Tampering shall be addressed in the disciplinary rules of sport organizations.]
ITTF 2021 Anti -Doping Rules Page 61 of 61 purposes or other acceptable justification, and shall not include actions involving Prohibited Substances which are not prohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate such Prohibited Substances are not intended for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or are intended to enhance sport performance.
UNESCO Convention : The International Convention against Doping in Sport adopted by the 33rd session of the UNESCO General Conference on 19 October 2005 including any and all amendments adopted by the States Parties to the Convention and the Conference of Parties to the Int ernational Convention against Doping in Sport.
Use: The utilization, application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method .
WADA : The World Anti -Doping Agency.
Without Prejudice Agreement : For purposes of Articles 10.7.1.1 and 10.8.2, a written agreement between an Anti-Doping Organization and an Athlete or other Person that allows the Athlete or other Person to provide information to the Anti-Doping Organization in a de fined time -limited setting with the understanding that, if an agreement for Substantial Assistance or a case resolution agreement is not finalized, the information provided by the Athlete or other Person in this particular setting may not be used by the Anti-Doping Organization against the Athlete or other Person in any Results Management proceeding under the Code , and that the information provided by the Anti-Doping Organization in this particular setting may not be used by the Athlete or other Person against the Anti-Doping Organization in any Results Management proceeding under the Code .
Such an agreement shall not preclude the Anti-Doping Organization , Athlete or other Person from using any information or evidence gathered from any source other than during the specific time -limited setting described in the agreement.
World Anti-Doping CodeThe World Anti-Doping Code was first adopted in 2003 and took effect in 2004.
It was subsequently amended four times, the first time effective 1 January 2009, the second time effective 1 January 2015, the third time effective 1 April 2018 (compliance amendments) and the fourth time effective 1 June 2019 (reporting of certain endogenous substances as Atypical Findings).
The revised 2021 World Anti-Doping Code is effective as of 1 January 2021.
Published by:World Anti-Doping AgencyStock Exchange Tower800 Place Victoria (Suite 1700)PO Box 120Montreal, QuebecCanada H4Z 1B7URL: www.wada-ama.orgTel: +1 514 904 9232Fax: +1 514 904 8650E-mail: [email protected] Anti-Doping Code 20211Table of ContentsPURPOSE, SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING PROGRAM AND THE CODE .......................................................... 9THE CODE ............................................................................................. 9THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING PROGRAM ........................................... 10INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ......................................................... 10TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS .................................................................. 11MODELS OF BEST PRACTICE AND GUIDELINES ........................... 12FUNDAMENTAL RATIONALE FOR THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE .....13PART ONE DOPING CONTROLINTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 16ARTICLE 1 DEFINITION OF DOPING ...................................................... 19ARTICLE 2 ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS ........................................ 192.1 PRESENCE OF A PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE OR ITS METABOLITES OR MARKERS IN AN ATHLETE ’S SAMPLE ................................................................. 192.2 USE OR ATTEMPTED USE BY AN ATHLETE OF A PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE OR A PROHIBITED METHOD .......... 212.3 EVADING, REFUSING OR FAILING TO SUBMIT TO SAMPLE COLLECTION BY AN ATHLETE .................................. 222.4 WHEREABOUTS FAILURES BY AN ATHLETE ......................... 222.5 TAMPERING OR ATTEMPTED TAMPERING WITH ANY PART OF DOPING CONTROL BY AN ATHLETE OR OTHER PERSON .................................................................. 222.6 POSSESSION OF A PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE OR A PROHIBITED METHOD BY AN ATHLETE OR ATHLETE SUPPORT PERSON .................................................... 222.7 TRAFFICKING OR ATTEMPTED TRAFFICKING IN ANY PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE OR PROHIBITED METHOD BY AN ATHLETE OR OTHER PERSON ...................... 23World Anti-Doping Code 202122.8 ADMINISTRATION OR ATTEMPTED ADMINISTRATION BY AN ATHLETE OR OTHER PERSON TO ANY ATHLETE IN-COMPETITION OF ANY PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE OR PROHIBITED METHOD , OR ADMINISTRATION OR ATTEMPTED ADMINISTRATION TO ANY ATHLETE OUT-OF-COMPETITION OF ANY PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE OR ANY PROHIBITED METHOD THAT IS PROHIBITED OUT-OF-COMPETITION ...................................... 232.9 COMPLICITY OR ATTEMPTED COMPLICITY BY AN ATHLETE OR OTHER PERSON .................................................. 232.10 PROHIBITED ASSOCIATION BY AN ATHLETE OR OTHER PERSON ........................................................................ 242.11 ACTS BY AN ATHLETE OR OTHER PERSON TO DISCOURAGE OR RETALIATE AGAINST REPORTING TO AUTHORITIES ................................................ 25ARTICLE 3 PROOF OF DOPING ............................................................... 263.1 BURDENS AND STANDARDS OF PROOF ............................... 263.2 METHODS OF ESTABLISHING FACTS AND PRESUMPTIONS ...................................................................... 27ARTICLE 4 THE PROHIBITED LIST .......................................................... 314.1 PUBLICATION AND REVISION OF THE PROHIBITED LIST .....314.2 PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES AND PROHIBITED METHODS IDENTIFIED ON THE PROHIBITED LIST ................. 324.3 CRITERIA FOR INCLUDING SUBSTANCES AND METHODS ON THE PROHIBITED LIST ..................................... 334.4 THERAPEUTIC USE EXEMPTIONS (“TUEs”) .............................. 354.5 MONITORING PROGRAM ......................................................... 40ARTICLE 5 TESTING AND INVESTIGATIONS ........................................... 415.1 PURPOSE OF TESTING AND INVESTIGATIONS ...................... 415.2 AUTHORITY TO TEST ................................................................ 415.3 EVENT TESTING ........................................................................ 435.4 TESTING REQUIREMENTS ....................................................... 445.5 ATHLETE WHEREABOUTS INFORMATION .............................. 445.6 RETIRED ATHLETES RETURNING TO COMPETITION ............. 455.7 INVESTIGATIONS AND INTELLIGENCE GATHERING ............ 46World Anti-Doping Code 20213ARTICLE 6 ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES ....................................................... 476.1 USE OF ACCREDITED, APPROVED LABORATORIES AND OTHER LABORATORIES ...................... 476.2 PURPOSE OF ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES AND DATA ................. 486.3 RESEARCH ON SAMPLES AND DATA ..................................... 486.4 STANDARDS FOR SAMPLE ANALYSIS AND REPORTING .....496.5 FURTHER ANALYSIS OF A SAMPLE PRIOR TO OR DURING RESULTS MANAGEMENT ........................................... 496.6 FURTHER ANALYSIS OF A SAMPLE AFTER IT HAS BEEN REPORTED AS NEGATIVE OR HAS OTHERWISE NOT RESULTED IN AN ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATION CHARGE ...................................................... 496.7 SPLIT OF A OR B SAMPLE ....................................................... 506.8 WADA’S RIGHT TO TAKE POSSESSION OF SAMPLES AND DATA ................................................................ 51ARTICLE 7 RESULTS MANAGEMENT : RESPONSIBILITY, INITIAL REVIEW, NOTICE AND PROVISIONAL SUSPENSIONS .............................. 527.1 RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONDUCTING RESULTS MANAGEMENT .......................................................................... 527.2 REVIEW AND NOTIFICATION REGARDING POTENTIAL ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS ...................... 567.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PRIOR ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS .............................................................................. 567.4 PRINCIPLES APPLICABLE TO PROVISIONAL SUSPENSIONS .......................................................................... 567.5 RESULTS MANAGEMENT DECISIONS ...................................... 597.6 NOTIFICATION OF RESULTS MANAGEMENT DECISIONS ......607.7 RETIREMENT FROM SPORT ................................................... 61ARTICLE 8 RESULTS MANAGEMENT : RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING AND NOTICE OF HEARING DECISION ..................................................... 618.1 FAIR HEARINGS ....................................................................... 618.2 EVENT HEARINGS .................................................................... 628.3 WAIVER OF HEARING .............................................................. 628.4 NOTICE OF DECISIONS ........................................................... 628.5 SINGLE HEARING BEFORE CAS ............................................. 62World Anti-Doping Code 20214ARTICLE 9 AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS ............................................................................. 63ARTIC LE 10 SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS ............................................... 6310.1 DISQUALIFICATION OF RESULTS IN THE EVENT DURING WHICH AN ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATION OCCURS ................................................................ 6310.2 INELIGIBILITY FOR PRESENCE, USE OR ATTEMPTED USE OR POSSESSION OF A PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE OR PROHIBITED METHOD ........... 6410.3 INELIGIBILITY FOR OTHER ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS .............................................................................. 6710.4 AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH MAY INCREASE THE PERIOD OF INELIGIBILITY ............................. 6910.5 ELIMINATION OF THE PERIOD OF INELIGIBILITY WHERE THERE IS NO FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ...................... 6910.6 REDUCTION OF THE PERIOD OF INELIGIBILITY BASED ON NO SIGNIFICANT FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ........... 7010.7 ELIMINATION, REDUCTION, OR SUSPENSION OF PERIOD OF INELIGIBILITY OR OTHER CONSEQUENCES FOR REASONS OTHER THAN FAULT ......... 7210.8 RESULTS MANAGEMENT AGREEMENTS ................................. 7710.9 MULTIPLE VIOLATIONS ........................................................... 7910.10 DISQUALIFICATION OF RESULTS IN COMPETITIONS SUBSEQUENT TO SAMPLE COLLECTION OR COMMISSION OF AN ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATION ............................................. 8210.11 FORFEITED PRIZE MONEY ...................................................... 8310.12 FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES ................................................... 8310.13 COMMENCEMENT OF INELIGIBILITY PERIOD ....................... 8410.14 STATUS DURING INELIGIBILITY OR PROVISIONAL SUSPENSION ............................................................................ 8610.15 AUTOMATIC PUBLICATION OF SANCTION ............................ 89ARTICLE 11 CONSEQUENCES TO TEAMS ............................................... 8911.1 TESTING OF TEAM SPORTS ...................................................... 8911.2 CONSEQUENCES FOR TEAM SPORTS ...................................... 8911.3 EVENT RULING BODY OR INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION MAY ESTABLISH STRICTER CONSEQUENCES FOR TEAM SPORTS ...................................... 90World Anti-Doping Code 20215ARTICLE 12 SANCTIONS BY SIGNATORIES AGAINST OTHER SPORTING BODIES ................................................................................. 90ARTICLE 13 RESULTS MANAGEMENT : APPEALS .................................... 9113.1 DECISIONS SUBJECT TO APPEAL .......................................... 9113.2 APPEALS FROM DECISIONS REGARDING ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS, CONSEQUENCES , PROVISIONAL SUSPENSIONS , IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS AND AUTHORITY ........... 9213.3 FAILURE TO RENDER A TIMELY DECISION BY AN ANTI-DOPING ORGANIZATION .................................................. 9713.4 APPEALS RELATING TO TUE s ................................................. 9713.5 NOTIFICATION OF APPEAL DECISIONS ................................. 9713.6 APPEALS FROM DECISIONS UNDER ARTICLE 24.1 ............. 9713.7 APPEALS FROM DECISIONS SUSPENDING OR REVOKING LABORATORY ACCREDITATION ........................... 98ARTICLE 14 CONFIDENTIALITY AND REPORTING ................................ 9814.1 INFORMATION CONCERNING ADVERSE ANALYTICAL FINDINGS, ATYPICAL FINDINGS , AND OTHER ASSERTED ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS ................................................................... 9814.2 NOTICE OF ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATION OR VIOLATIONS OF INELIGIBILITY OR PROVISIONAL SUSPENSION DECISIONS AND REQUEST FOR FILES ......... 10014.3 PUBLIC DISCLOSURE ............................................................. 10014.4 STATISTICAL REPORTING ..................................................... 10214.5 DOPING CONTROL INFORMATION DATABASE AND MONITORING OF COMPLIANCE ........................................... 10314.6 DATA PRIVACY ..................................................................... 104ARTICLE 15 IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS .................................. 10515.1 AUTOMATIC BINDING EFFECT OF DECISIONS BY SIGNATORY ANTI-DOPING ORGANIZATIONS ........................ 10515.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF OTHER DECISIONS BY ANTI-DOPING ORGANIZATIONS .............................................. 10715.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS BY BODY THAT IS NOT A SIGNATORY .............................................................. 107World Anti-Doping Code 20216ARTICLE 16 DOPING CONTROL FOR ANIMALS COMPETING IN SPORT .......................................................................... 108ARTICLE 17 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS ................................................ 108PART TWO EDUCATION AND RESEARCHARTICLE 18 EDUCATION ....................................................................... 11018.1 PRINCIPLES ............................................................................ 11018.2 EDUCATION PROGRAM AND PLAN BY SIGNATORIES .......... 110ARTICLE 19 RESEARCH ....................................................................... 11419.1 PURPOSE AND AIMS OF ANTI-DOPING RESEARCH .......... 11419.2 TYPES OF RESEARCH ............................................................ 11419.3 COORDINATION OF RESEARCH AND SHARING OF RESULTS ........................................................................... 11419.4 RESEARCH PRACTICES ........................................................ 11419.5 RESEARCH USING PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES AND PROHIBITED METHODS ................................................. 11519.6 MISUSE OF RESULTS ............................................................ 115PART THREE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIESARTICLE 20 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SIGNATORIES AND WADA ................................................................. 11820.1 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE ............................. 11820.2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL PARALYMPIC COMMITTEE ....................... 12020.3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF INTERNATIONAL FEDERATIONS .......................................... 12220.4 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEES AND NATIONAL PARALYMPIC COMMITTEES .................................................. 12620.5 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL ANTI-DOPING ORGANIZATIONS .............................................. 12920.6 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF MAJOR EVENT ORGANIZATIONS ......................................................... 13120.7 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF WADA ......................... 133World Anti-Doping Code 2021720.8 COOPERATION REGARDING THIRD PARTY REGULATIONS ............................................................ 135ARTICLE 21 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETES AND OTHER PERSONS .................................................... 13621.1 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETES ................... 13621.2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETE SUPPORT PERSONNEL ........................................................... 13721.3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OTHER PERSONS SUBJECT TO THE CODE ....................................... 13821.4 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF REGIONAL ANTI- DOPING ORGANIZATIONS ............................................. 138ARTICLE 22 INVOLVEMENT OF GOVERNMENTS ................................. 139PART FOUR ACCEPTANCE, COMPLIANCE, MODIFICATION AND INTERPRETATIONARTICLE 23 ACCEPTANCE AND IMPLEMENTATION ........................... 14423.1 ACCEPTANCE OF THE CODE ................................................. 14423.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CODE ......................................... 14523.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTI-DOPING PROGRAMS ............. 146ARTICLE 24 MONITORING AND ENFORCING COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODE AND UNESCO CONVENTION ................................................. 14724.1 MONITORING AND ENFORCING COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODE ..................................................................... 14724.2 MONITORING COMPLIANCE WITH THE UNESCO CONVENTION .......................................................................... 157ARTICLE 25 MODIFICATION AND WITHDRAWAL ................................. 15725.1 MODIFICATION ....................................................................... 15725.2 WITHDRAWAL OF ACCEPTANCE OF THE CODE .................. 158ARTICLE 26 INTERPRETATION OF THE CODE ...................................... 159ARTICLE 27 TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS ........................................... 15927.1 GENERAL APPLICATION OF THE 2021 CODE ....................... 15927.2 NON-RETROACTIVE EXCEPT FOR ARTICLES 10.9.4 AND 17 OR UNLESS PRINCIPLE OF “LEX MITIOR” APPLIES .......................................................... 160World Anti-Doping Code 2021827.3 APPLICATION TO DECISIONS RENDERED PRIOR TO THE 2021 CODE ................................................................. 16027.4 MULTIPLE VIOLATIONS WHERE THE FIRST VIOLATION OCCURS PRIOR TO 1 JANUARY 2021 ................ 16127.5 ADDITIONAL CODE AMENDMENTS ...................................... 16127.6 CHANGES TO THE PROHIBITED LIST .................................... 161APPENDIX 1 DEFINITIONS World Anti-Doping Code 20219PURPOSE, SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING PROGRAM AND THE CODEThe purposes of the World Anti-Doping Code and the World Anti-Doping Program which supports it are:• To protect the Athletes’ fundamental right to participate in doping-free sport and thus promote health, fairness and equality for Athletes worldwide, and• To ensure harmonized, coordinated and effective anti-doping programs at the international and national level with regard to the prevention of doping, including: Education — to raise awareness, inform, communicate, to instill values, develop life skills and decision-making capability to prevent intentional and unintentional anti-doping rule violations.Deterrence — to divert potential dopers, through ensuring that robust rules and sanctions are in place and salient for all stakeholders.Detection — an effective Testing and investigations system not only enhances a deterrent effect, but also is effective in protecting clean Athletes and the spirit of sport by catching those committing anti-doping rule violations, while also helping to disrupt anyone engaged in doping behavior.Enforcement — to adjudicate and sanction those found to have committed an anti-doping rule violation.Rule of law — to ensure that all relevant stakeholders have agreed to submit to the Code and the International Standards, and that all measures taken in application of their anti-doping programs respect the Code, the International Standards, and the principles of proportionality and human rights.The CodeThe Code is the fundamental and universal document upon which the World Anti-Doping Program in sport is based.
The purpose of the Code is to advance the anti-doping effort through universal harmonization of core anti-doping elements.
It is intended to be specific enough to achieve complete harmonization on issues World Anti-Doping Code 202110where uniformity is required, yet general enough in other areas to permit flexibility on how agreed-upon anti-doping principles are implemented.
The Code has been drafted giving consideration to the principles of proportionality and human rights.1The World Anti-Doping ProgramThe World Anti-Doping Program encompasses all of the elements needed in order to ensure optimal harmonization and best practice in international and national anti-doping programs.
The main elements are:Level 1: The CodeLevel 2: International Standards and Technical DocumentsLevel 3: Models of Best Practice and GuidelinesInternational StandardsInternational Standards for different technical and operational areas within the anti-doping program have been and will be developed in consultation with the Signatories and governments and approved by WADA .
The purpose of the International Standards is harmonization among Anti-Doping Organizations responsible for specific technical and operational parts of anti-doping programs.
Adherence to the International Standards is mandatory for compliance with the Code.
The International Standards may be revised from time to time by the WADA Executive Committee after reasonable consultation with Signatories, governments and other relevant stakeholders.
1 [Comment: The Olympic Charter and the International Convention against Doping in Sport 2005 adopted in Paris on 19 October 2005 (“UNESCO Convention”), both recognize the prevention of and the fight against doping in sport as a critical part of the mission of the International Olympic Committee and UNESCO, and also recognize the fundamental role of the Code.
]World Anti-Doping Code 202111International Standards and all revisions will be published on the WADA website and shall become effective on the date specified in the International Standard or revision.2Technical DocumentsTechnical Documents relating to mandatory technical requirements for the implementation of an International Standard may be approved and published from time to time by the WADA Executive Committee.
Adherence to Technical Documents is mandatory for compliance with the Code.
Where the implementation of a new or revised Technical Document is not time sensitive, the WADA Executive Committee shall allow for reasonable consultation with Signatories, governments and other relevant stakeholders.
Technical Documents shall become effective immediately upon publication on the WADA website unless a later date is specified.3 2 [Comment: The International Standards contain much of the technical detail necessary for implementing the Code.
International Standards will, in consultation with Signatories, governments and other relevant stakeholders, be developed by experts and set forth in separate documents.
It is important that the WADA Executive Committee be able to make timely changes to the International Standards without requiring any amendment of the Code.
]3 [Comment: For example, where an additional analytical procedure is required before reporting a Sample as an Adverse Analytical Finding, that procedure would be mandated in a Technical Document issued immediately by the WADA Executive Committee.
]World Anti-Doping Code 202112Models of Best Practice and GuidelinesModels of best practice and guidelines based on the Code and International Standards have been and will be developed to provide solutions in different areas of anti-doping.
The models and guidelines will be recommended by WADA and made available to Signatories and other relevant stakeholders, but will not be mandatory.
In addition to providing models of anti-doping documentation, WADA will also make some training assistance available to Signatories.44 [Comment: These model documents may provide alternatives from which stakeholders may select.
Some stakeholders may choose to adopt the model rules and other models of best practices verbatim.
Others may decide to adopt the models with modifications.
Still other stakeholders may choose to develop their own rules consistent with the general principles and specific requirements set forth in the Code.Model documents or guidelines for specific parts of anti-doping work have been developed and may continue to be developed based on generally recognized stakeholder needs and expectations.
]World Anti-Doping Code 202113FUNDAMENTAL RATIONALE FOR THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODEAnti-doping programs are founded on the intrinsic value of sport.
This intrinsic value is often referred to as “the spirit of sport”: the ethical pursuit of human excellence through the dedicated perfection of each Athlete’s natural talents.
Anti-doping programs seek to protect the health of Athletes and to provide the opportunity for Athletes to pursue human excellence without the Use of Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.Anti-doping programs seek to maintain the integrity of sport in terms of respect for rules, other competitors, fair competition, a level playing field, and the value of clean sport to the world.The spirit of sport is the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind.
It is the essence of Olympism and is reflected in the values we find in and through sport, including:• Health• Ethics, fair play and honesty• Athletes’ rights as set forth in the Code• Excellence in performance• Character and Education• Fun and joy• Teamwork• Dedication and commitment• Respect for rules and laws• Respect for self and other Participants• Courage• Community and solidarityThe spirit of sport is expressed in how we play true.Doping is fundamentally contrary to the spirit of sport.World Anti-Doping Code 202114PART ONEDOPING CONTROLPART ONE DOPING CONTROLWorld Anti-Doping Code 20211 PARTDoping Control16INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONPart One of the Code sets forth specific anti-doping rules and principles that are to be followed by organizations responsible for adopting, implementing or enforcing anti-doping rules within their authority, e.g., the International Olympic Committee, International Paralympic Committee, International Federations, National Olympic Committees and Paralympic Committees, Major Event Organizations, and National Anti-Doping Organizations.
All such organizations are collectively referred to as Anti-Doping Organizations.All provisions of the Code are mandatory in substance and must be followed as applicable by each Anti-Doping Organization and Athlete or other Person.
The Code does not, however, replace or eliminate the need for comprehensive anti-doping rules to be adopted by each Anti-Doping Organization.
While some provisions of the Code must be incorporated without substantive change by each Anti-Doping Organization in its own anti-doping rules, other provisions of the Code establish mandatory guiding principles that allow flexibility in the formulation of rules by each Anti-Doping Organization or establish requirements that must be followed by each Anti-Doping Organization but need not be repeated in its own anti-doping rules.55 [Comment: Those Articles of the Code which must be incorporated into each Anti-Doping Organization’s rules without substantive change are set forth in Article 23.2.2.
For example, it is critical for purposes of harmonization that all Signatories base their decisions on the same list of anti-doping rule violations, the same burdens of proof and impose the same Consequences for the same anti-doping rule violations.
These rules must be the same whether a hearing takes place before an International Federation, at the national level or before the Court of Arbitration for Sport.Code provisions not listed in Article 23.2.2 are still mandatory in substance even though an Anti-Doping Organization is not required to incorporate them verbatim.
Those provisions generally fall into two categories.
First, some provisions direct Anti-Doping Organizations to take certain actions but there is no need to restate the provision in the Anti-Doping Organization’s own anti-doping rules.
For example, each Anti-Doping Organization must plan and conduct Testing as required by Article 5, but these directives to the Anti-Doping Organization need not be repeated in the Anti-Doping Organization’s own rules.
Second, some provisions are mandatory in substance but give World Anti-Doping Code 202117Anti-doping rules, like competition rules, are sport rules governing the conditions under which sport is played.
Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel or other Persons (including board members, directors, officers, and specified employees and Delegated Third Parties and their employees) accept these rules as a condition of participation or involvement in sport and shall be bound by these rules.6 Each Signatory shall establish rules and procedures to ensure that all Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel or other Persons under the authority of the Signatory and its member organizations are informed of and agree to be bound by anti-doping rules in force of the relevant Anti-Doping Organiza tions.Each Signatory shall establish rules and procedures to ensure that all Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel or other Persons under the authority of the Signatory and its member organizations are informed of the dissemination of their private data as required or authorized by the Code, and are bound by and compliant with the anti-doping rules found in the Code, and that the appropriate Consequences are imposed on those Athletes or other Persons who breach those rules.
These sport-specific rules and procedures, aimed at enforcing anti-doping rules in a global and harmonized way, are distinct in nature from criminal and civil proceedings.
They are not intended to be subject to or limited by any national requirements and legal standards applicable to such proceedings, although they are intended to be applied in a manner which respects the principles of proportionality and each Anti-Doping Organization some flexibility in the implementation of the principles stated in the provision.