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]15.2 Implementation of other decisions by Anti-Doping Organisations The BIU (on behalf of the IBU) and NF Members may decide to implement other anti-doping decisions rendered by Anti-Doping Organisations not described in Article 15.1.1 above, such as a Provisional Sus-pension prior to a Provisional Hearing or acceptance by the Athlete or other Person.
[Comment to Articles 15.1 and 15.2: Anti-Doping Organisation decisions under Article 15.1 are imple-mented automatically by other Signatories without the requirement of any decision or further action on the Signatories’ part.
For example, when a National Anti-Doping Organisation decides to Provisionally Suspend an Athlete, that decision is given automatic effect at the International Federation level.
To be clear, the ‘decision’ is the one made by the National Anti-Doping Organisation, there is not a separate decision to be made by the International Federation.
Thus, any claim by the Athlete that the Provisional Suspension was improperly imposed can only be asserted against the National Anti-Doping Organisation.
Implemen-tation of Anti-Doping Organisations’ decisions under Article 15.2 is subject to each Signatory’s discretion.
A Signatory’s implementation of a decision under Article 15.1 or Article 15.2 is not appealable separately from any appeal of the underlying decision.
The extent of recognition of TUE decisions of other Anti-Dop-ing Organisations shall be determined by Article 4.4 and the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions.
]15.3 Implementation of decisions by body that is not a Signatory An anti-doping decision by a body that is not a Signatory to the World Anti-Doping Code must be im-plemented by the IBU, BIU, and NF Members, if the BIU finds that the decision purports to be within the authority of that body and the anti-doping rules of that body are otherwise consistent with the World Anti-Doping Code.
[Comment to Article 15.3: Where the decision of a body that has not accepted the World Anti-Doping Code is in some respects Code compliant and in other respects not Code compliant, the IBU, BIU, and NF Members should attempt to apply the decision in harmony with the principles of the World Anti-Doping Code.
For example, if in a process consistent with the World Anti-Doping Code a non-Signatory has found an Athlete to have committed an anti-doping rule violation on account of the presence of a Prohibited Substance in the Athlete’s body but the period of Ineligibility applied is shorter than the period provided for in the World Anti-Doping Code, then the IBU, BIU, and NF Members should recognise the finding of an anti-doping rule violation and the Athlete’s National Anti-Doping Organisation should conduct a hearing consistent with Article 8 to determine whether the longer period of Ineligibility provided in the World An-ti-Doping Code should be imposed.
The IBU’s/BIU’s or other Signatory’s implementation of a decision, or their decision not to implement a decision under Article 15.3, is appealable under Article 13.]16.
Statute of limitationsNo anti-doping rule violation proceeding may be commenced against an Athlete or other Person unless they have been notified of the anti-doping rule violation as provided in Article 7, or notification has been reasonably attempted, within ten years from the date the violation is asserted to have occurred.INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION 02I INTEGRITY CODE02I 65VERSION 2021 17.
Compliance reports The BIU will report to WADA on the IBU’s compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code in accordance with Article 24 of the World Anti-Doping Code and the International Standard for Code Compliance by Signatories.18.
EducationThe BIU will plan, implement, evaluate, and promote Education in line with the requirements of Article 18.2 of the World Anti-Doping Code and the International Standard for Education.19.
Interpretation of the World Anti-Doping Code19.1 The official text of the World Anti-Doping Code will be maintained by WADA and published in Eng-lish and French.
In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version will prevail.19.2 The comments annotating various provisions of the World Anti-Doping Code will be used to inter -pret the World Anti-Doping Code.19.3 The World Anti-Doping Code must be interpreted as an independent and autonomous text and not by reference to the existing law or statutes of the Signatories or governments.19.4 The headings used for the various Parts and Articles of the World Anti-Doping Code are for conven-ience only and shall not be deemed part of the substance of the World Anti-Doping Code or to affect in any way the language of the provisions to which they refer.19.5 Where the term ‘days’ is used in the World Anti-Doping Code or an International Standard, it means calendar days unless otherwise specified.
19.6 The World Anti-Doping Code will not apply retroactively to matters pending before the date the World Anti-Doping Code is accepted by a Signatory and implemented in its rules.
However, pre-Code anti-doping rule violations would continue to count as ‘First violations’ or ‘Second violations’ for purposes of determining sanctions under Article 10 for subsequent post-Code violations.19.7 The Purpose, Scope and Organisation of the World Anti-Doping Program and the World Anti-Dop-ing Code and Appendix 1, Definitions, are integral parts of the World Anti-Doping Code.20.
DefinitionsWhen used in these IBU Anti-Doping Rules, the following words or terms have the following meanings (the defined terms below include their plural and possessive forms, as well as those terms used as other parts of speech):ADAMS: The Anti-Doping Administration and Management System (ADAMS) is a web-based database management tool for data entry, storage, sharing, and reporting designed to assist stakeholders and WADA in their anti-doping operations in conjunction with data protection legislation.ADR Effective Date: As defined in Article 1.4.Administration: Providing, supplying, supervising, facilitating, or otherwise participating in the Use or At-tempted Use by another Person of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
However, this definition will not include the actions of bona fide medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method Used for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or other acceptable justification and will not include actions involving Prohibited Substances that are not prohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate that such Prohibited Substances are not intended for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or are intended to enhance sport performance.INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION 02I INTEGRITY CODE02I 66VERSION 2021 Adverse Analytical Finding: A report from a WADA-accredited laboratory or other WADA-approved laboratory that, consistent with the International Standard for Laboratories, establishes in a Sample the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers or evidence of the Use of a Prohibited Method.
Adverse Passport Finding: A report identified as an adverse passport finding as described in the appli-cable International Standards.Aggravating Circumstances: Circumstances involving, or actions by, an Athlete or other Person that may justify the imposition of a period of Ineligibility greater than the standard sanction.
Such circumstances and actions include, but are not limited to: the Athlete or other Person Used or Possessed multiple Prohib-ited Substances or Prohibited Methods, Used or Possessed a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method on multiple occasions or committed multiple other anti-doping rule violations; a normal individual would be likely to enjoy the performance-enhancing effects of the anti-doping rule violation(s) beyond the oth-erwise applicable period of Ineligibility; the Athlete or other Person engaged in deceptive or obstructive conduct to avoid the detection or adjudication of an anti-doping rule violation; or the Athlete or other Person engaged in Tampering during Results Management.
For the avoidance of doubt, the examples of circumstances and conduct described herein are not exclusive and other similar circumstances or con-duct may also justify the imposition of a longer period of Ineligibility.
Anti-Doping Activities: Anti-doping Education and information, test distribution planning, maintenance of a Registered Testing Pool, managing Athlete Biological Passports, conducting Testing, organising anal-ysis of Samples, gathering of intelligence and conduct of investigations, processing of TUE applications, Results Management, monitoring and enforcing compliance with any Consequences imposed, and all other activities related to anti-doping to be carried out by or on behalf of an Anti-Doping Organisation, as set out in the World Anti-Doping Code and/or the International Standards.Anti-Doping Organisation: WADA or a Signatory that is responsible for adopting rules for initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process.
This includes, for example, the Inter -national Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, other Major Event Organisations that conduct Testing at their Events, the IBU and other international federations, and National Anti-Doping Organisations.
Athlete: Any person who competes in sport at the international level (as defined by each International Federation), or the national level (as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organisation).
An Anti-Doping Organisation has discretion to apply anti-doping rules to an Athlete who is neither an International-Level Athlete nor a national-level Athlete, and thus to bring them within the definition of ‘Athlete.’ In relation to Athletes who are neither International-Level Athletes nor National-Level Athletes, an Anti-Doping Organi-sation may elect to conduct limited Testing or no Testing at all; analyse Samples for less than the full menu of Prohibited Substances; require limited or no whereabouts information; or not require advance TUEs.
However, if an Article 2.1, 2.3 or 2.5 anti-doping rule violation is committed by any Athlete over whom an Anti-Doping Organisation has elected to exercise its authority to test and who competes below the international or national level, then the Consequences set forth in these IBU Anti-Doping Rules must be applied.
For purposes of Article 2.8 and Article 2.9 and for purposes of anti-doping information and Ed-ucation, any person who participates in sport under the authority of any Signatory, government, or other sports organisation accepting the World Anti-Doping Code is an Athlete.
[Comment to Athlete: Individuals who participate in sport may fall in one of five categories: 1) Interna-tional-Level Athlete, 2) National-Level Athlete, 3) individuals who are not International- or National-Level Athletes but over whom the International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organisation has chosen to exercise authority, 4) Recreational Athlete, and 5) individuals over whom no International Federation or INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION 02I INTEGRITY CODE02I 67VERSION 2021 National Anti-Doping Organisation has, or has chosen to, exercise authority.
All International- and Nation-al-Level Athletes are subject to the anti-doping rules of the World Anti-Doping Code, with the precise defi-nitions of international and national level sport to be set forth in the anti-doping rules of the International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organisations.]
Athlete Biological Passport: The program and methods of gathering and collating data as described in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations and International Standard for Laboratories.Athlete Support Person: Any coach, trainer, manager, agent, team staff, official, medical, paramedical personnel, parent or any other Person working with, treating or assisting an Athlete participating in or preparing for sports Competition.Attempt: Purposely engaging in conduct that constitutes a substantial step in a course of conduct planned to culminate in the commission of an anti-doping rule violation; provided, however, that there will be no anti-doping rule violation based solely on an Attempt to commit a violation if the person re-nounces the Attempt prior to it being discovered by a third party not involved in the Attempt.Atypical Finding: A report from a WADA-accredited laboratory or other WADA-approved laboratory that requires further investigation prior to the determination of an Adverse Analytical Finding, as provided in the International Standard for Laboratories or related Technical Documents.
Atypical Passport Finding: A report described as an atypical passport finding as described in the appli-cable International Standards.BIU: As defined in Article 1.1.5.CAS: The Court of Arbitration for Sport.Competition: A single race, match, game or singular sport contest.
For example, a basketball game or the finals of the Olympic 100-meter race in athletics.
For stage races and other sport contests where prizes are awarded on a daily or other interim basis the distinction between a competition and an Event will be as provided in the rules of the applicable international federation.
Consequences of anti-doping rule violations (‘Consequences’): An Athlete’s or other Person’s an-ti-doping rule violation may result in one or more of the following: (a) Disqualification means the Athlete’s results in a particular competition or Event are invalidated, with all resulting Consequences including forfeiture of any medals, titles, points, prize money, and prizes; (b) Ineligibility means the Athlete or other Person is barred on account of an anti-doping rule violation for a specified period of time from participating in any Competition, Event or other activity or funding, as provided in Article 10.14; (c) Provisional Suspension means the Athlete or other Person is barred temporarily from participating in any Competition, Event or activity prior to the final decision at a hearing conducted under Article 8.
(d) Financial Consequences means a financial sanction imposed for an anti-doping rule violation or to recover costs associated with an anti-doping rule violation; and (e) Public Disclosure means the dissemination or distribution of information to the general public or persons beyond those persons entitled to earlier notification in accordance with Article 14.
Contaminated Product: A product that contains a Prohibited Substance that is not disclosed on the product label or in information available in a reasonable Internet search.Decision Limit: The value of the result for a threshold substance in a Sample above which an Adverse Analytical Finding will be reported, as defined in the International Standard for Laboratories.INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION 02I INTEGRITY CODE02I 68VERSION 2021 Delegated Third Party: Any Person to whom the BIU delegates any aspect of Doping Control or an-ti-doping Education programs including, but not limited to, third parties or other Anti-Doping Organ-isations that conduct Sample collection or other Doping Control services or anti-doping Educational programs for the BIU, or individuals serving as independent contractors who perform Doping Control services for the BIU (e.g., non-employee Doping Control officers or chaperones).
This definition does not include CAS.Disqualification: See Consequences of anti-doping rule violations, above.Doping Control: All steps and processes from test distribution planning through to ultimate disposition of any appeal and the enforcement of Consequences, including all steps and processes in between, including but not limited to Testing, investigations, whereabouts, TUEs, Sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, Results Management, and investigations or proceedings relating to violations of Arti-cle 10.14 (Status during Ineligibility or Provisional Suspension).Education: The process of learning to instil values and develop behaviours that foster and protect the spirit of sport, and to prevent intentional and unintentional doping.Event: A series of individual competitions conducted together under one ruling body (e.g., the Olympic Games or the IBU World Championships).Event Period: The time between the beginning and end of an Event, as established by the ruling body of the Event.Event Venues: Those venues so designated by the ruling body for the Event.Fault: Fault is any breach of duty or any lack of care appropriate to a particular situation.
Factors to be tak -en into consideration in assessing an Athlete’s or other Person’s degree of Fault include, for example, the Athlete’s or other Person’s experience, whether the Athlete or other Person is a Protected Person, special considerations such as impairment, the degree of risk that should have been perceived by the Athlete and the level of care and investigation exercised by the Athlete in relation to what should have been the perceived level of risk.
In assessing the Athlete’s or other Person’s degree of Fault, the circumstances considered must be specific and relevant to explain the Athlete’s or other Person’s departure from the expected standard of behaviour.
Thus, for example, the fact that an Athlete would lose the opportunity to earn large sums of money during a period of Ineligibility, or the fact that the Athlete only has a short time left in a career, or the timing of the sporting calendar, would not be relevant factors to be considered in reducing the period of Ineligibility under Article 10.6.1 or 10.6.2.
[Comment: The criteria for assessing an Athlete’s degree of fault are the same under all Articles where fault is to be considered.
However, under Article 10.6.2, no reduction of sanction is appropriate unless, when the degree of fault is assessed, the conclusion is that No Significant Fault or Negligence on the part of the Athlete or other Person was involved.
]Financial Consequences: See Consequences of anti-doping rule violations, above.IBU RTP: As defined in Article 5.5.1.In-Competition: The period commencing at 11:59 p.m. on the day before a Competition in which the Athlete is scheduled to participate through to the end of such Competition and the Sample collection process related to such Competition.
[Comment: Having a universally accepted definition for In-Competition provides greater harmonisation among Athletes across all sports, eliminates or reduces confusion among Athletes about the relevant time-frame for In-Competition Testing, avoids inadvertent Adverse Analytical Findings in between Competitions during an Event, and assists in preventing any potential performance enhancement benefits from sub-stances prohibited Out-of-Competition being carried over to the competition period.]
INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION 02I INTEGRITY CODE02I 69VERSION 2021 Independent Observer Program: A team of observers and/or auditors, under the supervision of WADA, who observe and may provide guidance on the Doping Control process prior to or during certain Events and report on their observations as part of WADA’s compliance monitoring program.
Individual Sport: Any sport that is not a team sport, i.e.
individual, pursuit, sprint, super sprint and mass start competitions.Ineligibility: See Consequences of anti-doping rule violations, above.Institutional Independence: Hearing panels on appeal must be fully independent institutionally from the Anti-Doping Organisation responsible for Results Management.
They must therefore not in any way be administered by, connected to or subject to the Anti-Doping Organisation responsible for Results Management.International Competition: as defined in the IBU Constitution.International Event: An Event where the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, the IBU, a Major Event Organisation, or another international sport organisation is the ruling body for the Event or appoints the technical officials for the Event.
In respect of the IBU, an event is an International Event if it is an International Competition (as that term is defined in the Constitution).
International-level Athlete: Athletes who compete in sport at the international level, as defined by each international federation, consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
For the sport of Biathlon, International-Level Athletes are defined as set out in Article 1.2.3.
[Comment: Consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, the international fed-eration is free to determine the criteria it will use to classify Athletes as International-Level Athletes, e.g., by ranking, by participation in particular international Events, by type of license, etc.
However, it must publish those criteria in clear and concise form, so that Athletes are able to ascertain quickly and easily when they will become classified as International-Level Athletes.
For example, if the criteria include participation in certain international events, the international federation must publish a list of those international events.
]International Standard: A standard adopted by WADA in support of the World Anti-Doping Code.
In-ternational Standards include any Technical Documents issued pursuant to the International Standard.Major Event Organisations: The continental associations of National Olympic Committees and other international multi-sport organisations that function as the ruling body for any continental, regional or other international event.
Marker: A compound, group of compounds or biological variable(s) that indicates the Use of a Prohibit-ed Substance or Prohibited Method.Metabolite: Any substance produced by a biotransformation process.
Minimum Reporting Level: The estimated concentration of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolite(s) or Marker(s) in a Sample below which WADA-accredited laboratories should not report that Sample as an Adverse Analytical Finding.Minor: A natural person who has not reached the age of 18.National Anti-Doping Organisation: The entity(ies) designated by each country as possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement anti-doping rules, direct the collection of Samples, the management of test results, and the conduct of Results Management, all at the national level.
If this designation has not been made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity will be the country’s National Olympic Committee or its designee.National Event: A sport event involving international or national-level Athletes that is not an International Event.INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION 02I INTEGRITY CODE02I 70VERSION 2021 National-level Athlete: Athletes who compete in sport at the national level, as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organisation, consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.National Olympic Committee: The organisation recognised by the International Olympic Committee.
The term National Olympic Committee will also include the national sport confederation in those coun-tries where the national sport confederation assumes typical National Olympic Committee responsibili-ties in the anti-doping area.NF Member: as defined in the Constitution.No Fault or Negligence: The Athlete or other Person’s establishing that they did not know or suspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected even with the exercise of utmost caution, that they had Used or been Administered the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or otherwise violated and anti-doping rule.
Except in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete, for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered their system.No Significant Fault or Negligence: The Athlete or other Person’s establishing that any Fault or negli-gence, when viewed in the totality of the circumstances and taking into account the criteria for No Fault or Negligence, was not significant in relation to the anti-doping rule violation.
Except in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete, for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered their system.Operational Independence: This means that (1) board members, staff members, commission members, consultants, and officials of the Anti-Doping Organisation with responsibility for Results Management or its affiliates (e.g., member federation or confederation), as well as any Person involved in the investigation and pre-adjudication of the matter cannot be appointed as members and/or clerks (to the extent that such clerk is involved in the deliberation process and/or drafting of any decision) of hearing panels of that Anti-Doping Organisation with responsibility for Results Management and (2) hearing panels shall be in a position to conduct the hearing and decision-making process without interference from the Anti-Doping Organisation or any third party.
The objective is to ensure that members of the hearing panel or individ-uals otherwise involved in the decision of the hearing panel, are not involved in the investigation of, or decisions to proceed with, the case.Out-of-Competition: Any period that is not In-Competition.Person: A natural person or an organisation or other entity.
Possession: The actual, physical Possession, or the constructive Possession (which will be found only if the person has exclusive control or intends to exercise control over the Prohibited Substance/method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance/method exists); provided, however, that if the person does not have exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance/method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance/method exists, constructive Possession will only be found if the person knew about the pres-ence of the Prohibited Substance/method and intended to exercise control over it.
Provided, however, there will be no anti-doping rule violation based solely on Possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kind that the person has committed an anti-doping rule violation, the person has taken concrete action demonstrating that the person never intended to have Possession and has renounced Possession by explicitly declaring it to an Anti-Doping Organisation.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this definition, the purchase (including by any electronic or other means) of a Prohibited Substance or Prohib-ited Method constitutes Possession by the person who makes the purchase.
[Comment to Possession: Under this definition, anabolic steroids found in an Athlete’s car would consti-tute a violation unless the Athlete establishes that someone else used the car; in that event, the BIU must establish that, even though the Athlete did not have exclusive control over the car, the Athlete knew about INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION 02I INTEGRITY CODE02I 71VERSION 2021 the anabolic steroids and intended to have control over them.
Similarly, in the example of anabolic steroids found in a home medicine cabinet under the joint control of an Athlete and spouse, the BIU must establish that the Athlete knew the anabolic steroids were in the cabinet and that the Athlete intended to exercise control over them.
The act of purchasing a Prohibited Substance alone constitutes Possession, even where, for example, the product does not arrive, is received by someone else, or is sent to a third-party address.
]Prohibited List: The list identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.Prohibited Method: Any method so described on the Prohibited List.Prohibited Substance: Any substance, or class of substances, so described on the Prohibited List.Protected Person: An Athlete or other natural Person who at the time of the anti-doping rule violation: (i) has not reached the age of 16; (ii) has not reached the age of 18 and is not included in any Registered Testing Pool and has never competed in any International Event in an open category; or (iii) for reasons other than age has been determined to lack legal capacity under applicable national legislation.
[Comment: The World Anti-Doping Code and these IBU Anti-Doping Rules treat Protected Persons dif-ferently than other Athletes or Persons in certain circumstances based on the understanding that, below a certain age or intellectual capacity, an Athlete or other Person may not possess the mental capacity to understand and appreciate the prohibitions against conduct contained in the World Anti-Doping Code.
This would include, for example, a Paralympic Athlete with a documented lack of legal capacity due to an intellectual impairment.
The term ‘open category’ is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.
]Provisional Hearing: For purposes of Article 7.3.3, an expedited abbreviated hearing occurring prior to a hearing under Article 8 that provides the Athlete or other Person with notice and an opportunity to be heard in either written or oral form.
[Comment: A Provisional Hearing is only a preliminary proceeding that may not involve a full review of the facts of the case.
Following a Provisional Hearing, the Athlete or other Person remains entitled to a sub-sequent full hearing on the merits of the case.
By contrast, an ‘expedited hearing,’ as that term is used in Article 7.3.3, is a full hearing on the merits conducted on an expedited time schedule.
]Provisional Suspension: See Consequences of anti-doping rule violations, above.Publicly Disclose (or Public Disclosure): See Consequences of anti-doping rule violations, above.
Recreational Athlete: A natural Person who is so defined by the relevant National Anti-Doping Or -ganisation; provided, however, the term does not include any Person who, within the five years prior to committing any anti-doping rule violation, has been an International-Level Athlete (as defined by each International Federation consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations) or Na-tional-Level Athlete (as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organisation consistent with the Interna-tional Standard for Testing and Investigations), has represented any country in an International Event in an open category or has been included within any Registered Testing Pool or other whereabouts information pool maintained by any International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organisation.
[Comment: The term ‘open category’ is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.
]Regional Anti-Doping Organisation: A regional entity designated by member countries to coordinate and manage delegated areas of their national anti-doping programs, which may include the adoption and implementation of anti-doping rules, the planning and collection of Samples, the management of results, the review of TUEs, the conduct of hearings, and the conduct of Educational programs at a re-gional level.INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION 02I INTEGRITY CODE02I 72VERSION 2021 Registered Testing Pool: The pool of highest-priority Athletes established separately at the international level by the BIU, and at the national level by National Anti-Doping Organisations, who are subject to fo-cused In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of that international federation’s or Nation-al Anti-Doping Organisation’s test distribution plan and therefore are required to provide whereabouts information as provided in Article 5.5 and the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
See also definition of IBU RTP .Results Management: The process encompassing the timeframe between notification as per Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management, or in certain cases (e.g., Atypical Finding, Athlete Biological Passport, whereabouts failure), such pre-notification steps expressly provided for in Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management, through the charge until the final resolution of the matter, including the end of the hearing process at first instance or on appeal (if an appeal was lodged).Sample or Specimen: Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control.
[Comment: It has sometimes been claimed that the collection of blood Samples violates the tenets of cer -tain religious or cultural groups.
It has been determined that there is no basis for any such claim.
]Signatories: Those entities accepting the World Anti-Doping Code and agreeing to implement the World Anti-Doping Code, as provided in Article 23 of the World Anti-Doping Code.Specified Method: See Article 4.2.2.Specified Substance: As defined in Article 4.2.2.Strict Liability: The rule that provides that under Article 2.1 and Article 2.2, it is not necessary that intent, Fault, negligence, or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated by the Anti-Doping Organisa-tion in order to establish an anti-doping rule violation.
Substance of Abuse: See Article 4.2.3.Substantial Assistance: For purposes of Article 10.7.1, a Person providing Substantial Assistance must: (1) fully disclose in a signed written statement or recorded interview all information they possess in rela-tion to anti-doping rule violations or other proceeding described in Article 10.7.1.1, and (2) fully coop-erate with the investigation and adjudication of any case or matter related to that information, including, for example, presenting testimony at a hearing if requested to do so by an Anti-Doping Organisation or hearing panel.
Further, the information provided must be credible and must comprise an important part of any case or proceeding that is initiated or, if no case or proceeding is initiated, must have provided a sufficient basis on which a case or proceeding could have been brought.Tampering: Intentional conduct that subverts the Doping Control process but that would not otherwise be included in the definition of Prohibited Methods.
Tampering shall include, without limitation, offering or accepting a bribe to perform or fail to perform an act, preventing the collection of a Sample, affecting or making impossible the analysis of a Sample, falsifying documents submitted to an Anti-Doping Or -ganisation or TUE committee or hearing panel, procuring false testimony from witnesses, committing any other fraudulent act upon the Anti-Doping Organisation or hearing body to affect Results Management or the imposition of Consequences, and any other similar intentional interference or Attempted interference with any aspect of Doping Control.
[Comment to Tampering: For example, this Article would prohibit altering identification numbers on a Doping Control form during Testing, breaking the B bottle at the time of B Sample analysis, altering a Sample by the addition of a foreign substance, or intimidating or attempting to intimidate a potential witness or a witness who has provided testimony or information in the Doping Control process.
Tampering includes misconduct that occurs during the Results Management process.
See Article 10.9.3.3.
However, actions taken as part of a Person’s legitimate defence to an anti-doping rule violation charge shall not be INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION 02I INTEGRITY CODE02I 73VERSION 2021 considered Tampering.
Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official or other Person involved in Doping Control that does not otherwise constitute Tampering shall be addressed in the disciplinary rules of sport organisations.
]Target Testing: Selection of specific Athletes for Testing based on criteria set out in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Team sport: A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a competition, i.e.
relay and mixed relay.Technical Document: A document adopted and published by WADA from time to time containing man-datory technical requirements on specific anti-doping topics as set forth in an International Standard.Testing: The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory.Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE): A Therapeutic Use Exemption allows an Athlete with a medical con-dition to Use a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method, but only if the conditions set out in Article 4.4 and the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions are met.Trafficking: Selling, giving, transporting, sending, delivering or distributing (or possessing for any such purpose) a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method (either physically or by any electronic or other means) by an Athlete, Athlete Support Personnel or any other Person subject to the authority of an An-ti-Doping Organisation to any third party; provided, however, this definition will not include the actions of ‘bona fide’ medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance Used for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or other acceptable justification, and will not include actions involving Prohibited Substances that are not prohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate such Prohibited Substances are not intended for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or are intended to enhance sport performance.
TUE Committee: The panel appointed by the BIU to consider applications for the grant or recognition of TUEs in accordance with Article 4.4.4.3.