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Compliance with an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures addressed by the International Standard were performed properly.
International Standards shall include any Technical Documents issued pursuant to the International Standard .
Major Event Organisations : The continental associations of National Olympic Committee s and othe r international multi -sport o rganisations that function as the ruling body for any continental, regional or other International Event .
Marker : A compound, group of compounds or biological variable(s) that indicates the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
Metabolite : Any substance produced by a biotransformation process.
Minimum Reporting Level: The estimated concentration of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolite (s) or Marker (s) in a Sample below which WADA -accredited laboratories should not report that Sample as an Adverse Analytical Finding .
Minor : A natural Person who has not reached the age of eighteen (18) years.
National Anti -Doping Organisation : The entity(ies) designated by each country as possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implem ent anti -doping rules, direct the collection of Samples , the management of test results, and the conduct of hearings, at the national leve l. If this designation has not been made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall be the country's National Olympic Committee or its designee.
National Event: A sport Event or Competition involving International or National -Level Athletes that is not an International Event .
National Federation : A national entity that is a member of or is recognised by the WSF as the entity governing the WSF's sport in that nation; a Member Nation.
National -Level Athlete : Athletes who compete in sport at the national level, as defined by each National Anti -Doping Organisation, consistent with the International Standard for T esting and Investigations .
National Olympic Committee : The organisation recognised by the International Olympic Committee.
The term Nation al Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport Confederation in those countries where the National Sport C onfederation assumes typical National Olympic Committee responsibilities in the anti -doping area.
No Fault or Negligence : The Athlete or other Persons establishing that he or she did not know or suspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected eve n with the exercise of utmost caution, that he or she had Used or been administered the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or otherwise violate d an anti -doping rule .
Except in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete , for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered the Athlete’s system .
No Significant Fault or Negligence : The Athlete or other Persons establishing that any Fault or negligence, when viewed in the totality of the circu mstances and taking into account the criteria for No Fault or Negligence , was not significant in relationship to the anti -doping rule violation.
Except in 53 | P a g e the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete , for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered the Athlete’s system.
Operational Independence : This means that (1) board member, staff members, commission members, consultants and officials of the Anti-Doping Organisation with responsibility of Results Management or its affiliates (e.g.
member federation or confeder ation), as well as any Person involved in the investigation and pre -adjudication of the matter cannot be appointed as members and/or clerks (to the extent that such clerk is involved i n the deliberation process and/or drafting of any decision) of Hearing P anels of that Anti-Doping Organisation with responsibility for Results Management and (2) Hearing Panels shall be in a position to conduct the hearing and decision -making process witho ut interference from the Anti-Doping Organisation or any third party.
The objective is to ensure that members of the Hearing Panel, or individuals otherw ise involved in the decision of the Hearing Panel, are not involved in the investigation of, or decisio n to proceed with, the case.
Out-of-Competition : Any period which is not In-Competition .
Participant : Any Athlete or Athlete Support Person .
Person : A natural Person or an Organisation or other entity.
Possession : The actual, physical Possession , or the co nstructive Possession (which shall be found only if the Person has exclusive control or intends to exercise control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists); provided, h owever, that if the Person does not have exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists, constructive Possession shall only be found if the Person knew about the presence of the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method and intended to exercise control over it.
Provided, however, there shall be no anti -doping rule violation based solely on Possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kind that the Person has committed an anti -doping rule violation, the Person has taken concrete action demonstrating that the Person never intended to have Possession and has renounced Possession by explicitly declaring it to an Anti-Doping Organisation .
Notwithstanding any thing to the contrary in this definition, the purchase (in cluding by any electronic or other means) of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method constitutes Possession by the Person who makes the purchase.
[Comment to Possession: Under this definition, a nabolic steroids found in an Athlete's car would constitut e a violation unless the Athlete establishes that someone else used the car; in that event, the WSF must establish that, even though the Athlete did not have exclusive control over the car, the Athl ete knew about the anabolic steroids and intended to have control over them.
Similarly, in the example of anabolic steroids found in a home medicine cabinet under the joint control of an Athlete and spouse, the WSF must establish that the Athlete knew the anabolic steroids were in the cabinet and that the Athlete intended to exercise control over them.
The act of purchasing a Prohibited Substance alone constitutes Possession, even where, for example, the product does not arrive, is received by someone else, or is sent to a third -party address.]
Prohibited List : The List identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods .
Prohibited Method : Any method so described on the Prohibited List .
Prohibited Substance : Any substance, or class of substances, s o described on the Prohibited List .
Protected Person : An A thlete or other natural Person who at the time of the anti -doping rule violation; (i) has not reached the age of sixteen (16) years; (ii) has not reached the age of eighteen (18) years and is not in cluded in any Registered Testing Pool and has never compet ed in any International Event in an open category; or (iii) for reasons other than age has been determined to lack legal capacity under applicable national legislation.
[Comment to Protected Person: The Code treats Protected Person differently than other Athletes or Persons in certain circumstances based on the understanding that, below a certain age or intellectual capacity, an Athlete or other Person may not possess the mental capacity to understan d and appreciate the prohibitions against conduct containe d in the Code.
This would include, for example, a Paralympic athlete with a documented lack of legal capacity due to intellectual impairment.
The term “open category” is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.]
54 | P a g e Provi sional Hearing : For purposes of Article 7.4.3, an expedited abbreviated hearing occurring prior to a hearing under Article 8 that provides the Athlete with notice and an opportunity to be heard in either written or oral form.
[Comment to Provisional Hearin g: A Provisional Hearing is only a preliminary proceeding which may not involve a full review of the facts of the case.
Following a Provisional Hearing, the Athlete remains entitled to a subsequent full hearing on the merits of the case.
By contrast, an “e xpedited hearing”, as that term is used in Article 7.4.3, is a full hearing on the merits conducted on an expedited time schedule.]
Provisional Suspension : See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Viola tions above.
PSA: Professional Squash Association Publicly Disclose : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above.
Recreational Athlete : A natural Person who is so defined by the relevant National Anti -Doping Organisation ; provided, however, the term shall not in clude any Person who, within the five (5) years prior to committing any anti -doping rule violation, has been an International -Level Athlete (as defined by each International Federation consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations ) or National -Level Athlete (as defined by each National Anti -Doping Organisation consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations ), has represented any country in an International Event in an open category or has bee n included within any Registered Testing Pool or other whereabouts information pool maintained by any International Federation or National Anti -Doping Organisation .
[Comment to Recreational Athlete: The term “open category” is meant to exclude competi tion that is limited to junior or age group categories.]
Regional Anti -Doping Organisation : A regional entity designated by member countries to coordinate and manage delegated areas of their national anti -doping programs, which may include the adoption and implementation of anti -doping rules, the planning and collection of Samples , the management of results, the review of TUEs, the conduct of hearings, and the conduct of Educational programs at a regional level.
Regional Federation : A regional entity that i s a member of or is recognised by the WSF as the entity governing the WSF's sport in that region.
Registered Testing Pool : The pool of highest -priority Athletes established separately at the international level by International Fed erations and at the natio nal level by National Anti -Doping Organisations, who are subject to focused In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of that International Federation's or National Anti -Doping Organisation 's test distribution plan and therefore are required to provide whereabouts information as provided in Article 5.5 and the International Standard for Testing and Investigations .
Results Management : The process encompassing the timeframe between notification as per Article 5 of the International Standard for Re sults Management , or in certain cases (e.g.
Atypical Finding , Athlete Biological Passport , whereabouts failure ), such pre -notification steps expressly provided for in Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management , through the charge until the final resolution of the matter, including the end of the hearing process at first instance or on appeal (if an appeal was lodged).
Sample or Specimen : Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control .
[Comment to Sample or Specimen: It has sometimes been claimed that the collection of blood Samples violates the tenets of certain religious or cultural groups.
It has been determined that there is no basis for any such claim.]
Signatories : Those entities a ccepting the Code and agreeing to implement the Code, as provided in Article 23 of the Code.
Specified Method : See Article 4.2.2.
Specified Substance : See Article 4.2.2.
Strict Liability : The rule which provides that under Article 2.1 and Article 2.2, it i s not necessary that intent, Fault, negligence, or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated by the Anti-Doping Organisation in order to establish an anti -doping rule violation.
Substance of Abuse : See Article 4.2.3.
55 | P a g e Substantial Assistance : For pur poses of Article 10.7.1, a Person providing Substantial Assistance must: (1) fully disclose in a signed written statement or recorded interview all information he or she possesses in relation to anti -doping rule violations or other proceeding described in Article 10.7.1.1, and (2) fully cooperate with the investigation and adjudication of any case or matter related to that information, including, for example, presenting testimony at a hearing if requested to do so by an Anti-Doping Organisation or Hearing P anel.
Further, the information provided must be credible and must comprise an important part of any case or proceeding which is initiated or, if no case or proceeding is initiated, must have provided a sufficient basis on which a case or proceeding could have been brought.
Tampering : Intentional conduct which subverts the Doping Control process but which would not otherwise be included in the definition of Prohibited Method s. Tampering shall include, without limitation, offering or accepting a bribe to perform or fail to perform an act, preventing the collection of a Sample , affecting or making impossible the analysis of a Sample , falsifying documents submitted to an Anti-Doping Organisation or TUE committee or Hearing Pa nel, procuring false testimony from witnesses, committing any other fraudulent act upon the Anti-Doping Organisation or hearing body to affect Results Management or the imposition of Consequences , and any other similar intentional interference or Attempted interference with any aspect of Doping Control .
[Comment to Tamper ing: For example, this Article would prohibit altering identification numbers on a Doping Control form during Testing, breaking the B bottle at the time of B Sample analysis, altering a Sam ple by the addition of a foreign substance or intimidating or attem pting to intimidate a potential witness or a witness who has provided testimony or information in the Doping Control process.
Tampering includes misconduct which occurs during the Results M anagement and hearing process.
See Article 10.9.3.3.
However, actions taken as part of a Person's legitimate defence to an anti -doping rule violation charge shall not be considered Tampering.
Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official or other Per son involved in Doping Control which does not otherwise constitute Tampering shall be addressed in the disciplinary rules of sport organisations.]
Target Testing : Selection of specific Athletes for Testing based on criteria set forth in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations .
Team Sport : A sport in whic h the substitution of players is permitted during a Competition .
Technical Document : A document adopted and published by WADA from time to time containing mandatory technical requirements on specific anti -doping topics as set forth in an International Standard.
Testing : The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sampl e transport to the laboratory.
Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) : A Therapeutic Use Exemption , allows an Athlete with a medical condition to use a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method , but only if the conditions set out in Article 4.4 and the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions are met.
Trafficking : Selling, giving, transporting, sending, delivering o r distributing (or Possessing for any such purpose) a Prohibited Sub stance or Prohibited Method (either physically or by any electronic or other means) by an Athlete , Athlete Support Person or any other Person subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping Org anisation to any third party; provided, however, this definition sha ll not include the actions of bona fide medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance used for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or other acceptable justification, and shall not include actions involving Prohibited Substances which are not prohib ited in Out-of-Competition Testing unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate such Prohibited Substances are not intended for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or are intended to enhance sport performance.
UNESCO Convention : The International Con vention against Doping in Sport adopted by the 33rd session of the UNESCO General Conference on 19 October 2005, including any and all amendments adopted by the States Parties to the Conve ntion and the Conference of Parties to the International Convention against Doping in Sport.
56 | P a g e Use: The utilisation, application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method .
WADA : The World An ti-Doping Agency.
Without Prejudice Agreement: For purposes of Articles 10.7.1.1 and 10.8.2, a written agreement between an Anti-Doping Organisation and an Athlete or other Person that allows the Athlete or other Person to provide information to the Anti-Doping Organisation in a defined time -limited s etting with the understanding that if an agreement for Substantial Assistance or a case resolution agreement is not finalised, the information provided by the Athlete or other Person in this particular setting may not be used by the Anti-Doping Organisatio n against the Athlete or other Person in any Results Management proceedings under the Code, and that the information provided by the Anti-Doping Organisation in this particular setting may not be used by the Athlete or other Person against the Anti-Doping Organisation in any Results Management proceeding under the Code.
Such an agreement shall not preclude the Anti-Doping Organisation , Athlete or other Person from using any information or evidence gathered from any source other than during the specific time -limited setting described in the agreement.
WSF: The World Squash Federation.
57 | P a g e APPENDIX 2 – CONSENT FORM I, as a member of _________________ and/or a participant in a WSF, PSA or WSF National Federation’s authorised or recognised event, hereby declare as follows: 1 I confirm that I shall comply with and be bound by all of the provisions of the WSF anti-doping rules, including but not limited to, all amendments to the anti -doping rules and all International Stand ards as issued by the World Anti -Doping Agency and permanently published on its website.
2 I acknowledge that PSA, WSF National Federations and National Anti -Doping Organisations have jurisdiction to impose sanctions as provided in the WSF anti-doping rules 3 I also acknowledge and agree that any dispute arising out of a decision made pursuant to the WSF anti-doping rules, after exhaustion of the process expressly provided for in the WSF anti-doping rules, may be appealed exclusively as provided in Article 13 o f the WSF anti-doping rules to an appellate body for final and binding arbitration, which in the case of International -Level Athletes is the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS).
4 I acknowledge and agree that the decisions of the arbitral appellate body ref erenced above shall be final and enforceable, and that I will not bring any claim, arbitration, lawsuit or litigation in any other court or tribunal.
5 I have read and understand the present declaration.
Date Print Name (Last Name, First Name) Date of Birt h (Day/Month/Year) Signature (or, if a minor, signature legal guardian)
02INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION INTEGRITY CODEEffective 01 January 2021INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION 02I INTEGRITY CODE02I 2VERSION 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER A INTRODUCTION1.
Overview 52.
Defined terms and rules of interpretation 73.
Persons bound by this Integrity Code 74.
Miscellaneous provisions 9CHAPTER B IBU CODE OF CONDUCT1.
General obligations of good conduct, honesty and integrity 112.
Safeguarding the health and well-being of participants in the sport of Biathlon 113.
Duty of loyalty 124.
Protecting the integrity of the governance and administration of the sport of Biathlon 145.
Confidentiality 166.
Candidacies 167.
Bidding 178.
Reporting and cooperation 179.
Other requirements set out in the Constitution or in other Rules 19CHAPTER C PREVENTING THE MANIPULATION OF BIATHLON COMPETITIONS1.
Obligations to prevent the manipulation of Biathlon Competitions 192.
Definitions 20INTERNATIONAL BIATHLON UNION 02I INTEGRITY CODE02I 3VERSION 2021 CHAPTER D IBU ANTI-DOPING RULES1.
Introduction 212.
Anti-doping rule violations 323.