/* Copyright 2016 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
==============================================================================*/

package org.tensorflow;

import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.nio.Buffer;
import java.nio.BufferOverflowException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.DoubleBuffer;
import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
import java.nio.IntBuffer;
import java.nio.LongBuffer;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * A typed multi-dimensional array.
 *
 * <p>Instances of a Tensor are <b>not</b> thread-safe.
 *
 * <p><b>WARNING:</b> Resources consumed by the Tensor object <b>must</b> be explicitly freed by
 * invoking the {@link #close()} method when the object is no longer needed. For example, using a
 * try-with-resources block like:
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * try(Tensor t = Tensor.create(...)) {
 *   doSomethingWith(t);
 * }
 * }</pre>
 */
public final class Tensor implements AutoCloseable {

  /**
   * Create a Tensor from a Java object.
   *
   * <p>A Tensor is a multi-dimensional array of elements of a limited set of types ({@link
   * DataType}). Thus, not all Java objects can be converted to a Tensor. In particular, {@code obj}
   * must be either a primitive (float, double, int, long, boolean) or a multi-dimensional array of
   * one of those primitives. For example:
   *
   * <pre>{@code
   * // Valid: A 64-bit integer scalar.
   * Tensor s = Tensor.create(42L);
   *
   * // Valid: A 3x2 matrix of floats.
   * float[][] matrix = new float[3][2];
   * Tensor m = Tensor.create(matrix);
   *
   * // Invalid: Will throw an IllegalArgumentException as an arbitrary Object
   * // does not fit into the TensorFlow type system.
   * Tensor o = Tensor.create(new Object());
   *
   * // Invalid: Will throw an IllegalArgumentException since there are
   * // a differing number of elements in each row of this 2-D array.
   * int[][] twoD = new int[2][];
   * twoD[0] = new int[1];
   * twoD[1] = new int[2];
   * Tensor x = Tensor.create(twoD);
   * }</pre>
   *
   * {@link DataType#STRING} typed Tensors are multi-dimensionary arrays of arbitrary byte sequences
   * and thus have {@code byte[]} and not {@code String}-valued elements. For example:
   *
   * <pre>{@code
   * // Valid: A DataType.STRING tensor.
   * Tensor s = Tensor.create(new byte[]{1, 2, 3});
   *
   * // Java Strings will need to be encoded into a byte-sequence.
   * String mystring = "foo";
   * Tensor s = Tensor.create(mystring.getBytes("UTF-8"));
   *
   * // Valid: Matrix of DataType.STRING tensors.
   * // Each element might have a different length.
   * byte[][][] matrix = new byte[2][2][];
   * matrix[0][0] = "this".getBytes("UTF-8");
   * matrix[0][1] = "is".getBytes("UTF-8");
   * matrix[1][0] = "a".getBytes("UTF-8");
   * matrix[1][1] = "matrix".getBytes("UTF-8");
   * Tensor m = Tensor.create(matrix);
   * }</pre>
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code obj} is not compatible with the TensorFlow type
   *     system, or if obj does not disambiguate between multiple DataTypes. In that case, consider
   *     using {@link #create(DataType, long[], ByteBuffer)} instead.
   */
  public static Tensor create(Object obj) {
    Tensor t = new Tensor();
    t.dtype = dataTypeOf(obj);
    t.shapeCopy = new long[numDimensions(obj)];
    fillShape(obj, 0, t.shapeCopy);
    if (t.dtype != DataType.STRING) {
      int byteSize = elemByteSize(t.dtype) * numElements(t.shapeCopy);
      t.nativeHandle = allocate(t.dtype.c(), t.shapeCopy, byteSize);
      setValue(t.nativeHandle, obj);
    } else if (t.shapeCopy.length != 0) {
      t.nativeHandle = allocateNonScalarBytes(t.shapeCopy, (Object[]) obj);
    } else {
      t.nativeHandle = allocateScalarBytes((byte[]) obj);
    }
    return t;
  }

  /**
   * Create an {@link DataType#INT32} Tensor with data from the given buffer.
   *
   * <p>Creates a Tensor with the given shape by copying elements from the buffer (starting from its
   * current position) into the tensor. For example, if {@code shape = {2,3} } (which represents a
   * 2x3 matrix) then the buffer must have 6 elements remaining, which will be consumed by this
   * method.
   *
   * @param shape the tensor shape.
   * @param data a buffer containing the tensor data.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the tensor shape is not compatible with the buffer
   */
  public static Tensor create(long[] shape, IntBuffer data) {
    Tensor t = allocateForBuffer(DataType.INT32, shape, data.remaining());
    t.buffer().asIntBuffer().put(data);
    return t;
  }

  /**
   * Create a {@link DataType#FLOAT} Tensor with data from the given buffer.
   *
   * <p>Creates a Tensor with the given shape by copying elements from the buffer (starting from its
   * current position) into the tensor. For example, if {@code shape = {2,3} } (which represents a
   * 2x3 matrix) then the buffer must have 6 elements remaining, which will be consumed by this
   * method.
   *
   * @param shape the tensor shape.
   * @param data a buffer containing the tensor data.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the tensor shape is not compatible with the buffer
   */
  public static Tensor create(long[] shape, FloatBuffer data) {
    Tensor t = allocateForBuffer(DataType.FLOAT, shape, data.remaining());
    t.buffer().asFloatBuffer().put(data);
    return t;
  }

  /**
   * Create a {@link DataType#DOUBLE} Tensor with data from the given buffer.
   *
   * <p>Creates a Tensor with the given shape by copying elements from the buffer (starting from its
   * current position) into the tensor. For example, if {@code shape = {2,3} } (which represents a
   * 2x3 matrix) then the buffer must have 6 elements remaining, which will be consumed by this
   * method.
   *
   * @param shape the tensor shape.
   * @param data a buffer containing the tensor data.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the tensor shape is not compatible with the buffer
   */
  public static Tensor create(long[] shape, DoubleBuffer data) {
    Tensor t = allocateForBuffer(DataType.DOUBLE, shape, data.remaining());
    t.buffer().asDoubleBuffer().put(data);
    return t;
  }

  /**
   * Create an {@link DataType#INT64} Tensor with data from the given buffer.
   *
   * <p>Creates a Tensor with the given shape by copying elements from the buffer (starting from its
   * current position) into the tensor. For example, if {@code shape = {2,3} } (which represents a
   * 2x3 matrix) then the buffer must have 6 elements remaining, which will be consumed by this
   * method.
   *
   * @param shape the tensor shape.
   * @param data a buffer containing the tensor data.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the tensor shape is not compatible with the buffer
   */
  public static Tensor create(long[] shape, LongBuffer data) {
    Tensor t = allocateForBuffer(DataType.INT64, shape, data.remaining());
    t.buffer().asLongBuffer().put(data);
    return t;
  }

  /**
   * Create a Tensor with data from the given buffer.
   *
   * <p>Creates a Tensor with the provided shape of any type where the tensor's data has been
   * encoded into {@code data} as per the specification of the TensorFlow <a
   * href="https://www.tensorflow.org/code/tensorflow/c/c_api.h">C
   * API</a>.
   *
   * @param dataType the tensor datatype.
   * @param shape the tensor shape.
   * @param data a buffer containing the tensor data.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the tensor datatype or shape is not compatible with the
   *     buffer
   */
  public static Tensor create(DataType dataType, long[] shape, ByteBuffer data) {
    int nremaining = 0;
    if (dataType != DataType.STRING) {
      int elemBytes = elemByteSize(dataType);
      if (data.remaining() % elemBytes != 0) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
            String.format(
                "ByteBuffer with %d bytes is not compatible with a %s Tensor (%d bytes/element)",
                data.remaining(), dataType.toString(), elemBytes));
      }
      nremaining = data.remaining() / elemBytes;
    } else {
      nremaining = data.remaining();
    }
    Tensor t = allocateForBuffer(dataType, shape, nremaining);
    t.buffer().put(data);
    return t;
  }

  // Helper function to allocate a Tensor for the create() methods that create a Tensor from
  // a java.nio.Buffer.
  private static Tensor allocateForBuffer(DataType dataType, long[] shape, int nBuffered) {
    final int nflattened = numElements(shape);
    int nbytes = 0;
    if (dataType != DataType.STRING) {
      if (nBuffered != nflattened) {
        throw incompatibleBuffer(nBuffered, shape);
      }
      nbytes = nflattened * elemByteSize(dataType);
    } else {
      // DT_STRING tensor encoded in a ByteBuffer.
      nbytes = nBuffered;
    }
    Tensor t = new Tensor();
    t.dtype = dataType;
    t.shapeCopy = Arrays.copyOf(shape, shape.length);
    t.nativeHandle = allocate(t.dtype.c(), t.shapeCopy, nbytes);
    return t;
  }

  /**
   * Release resources associated with the Tensor.
   *
   * <p><b>WARNING:</b>If not invoked, memory will be leaked.
   *
   * <p>The Tensor object is no longer usable after {@code close} returns.
   */
  @Override
  public void close() {
    if (nativeHandle != 0) {
      delete(nativeHandle);
      nativeHandle = 0;
    }
  }

  /** Returns the {@link DataType} of elements stored in the Tensor. */
  public DataType dataType() {
    return dtype;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of dimensions (sometimes referred to as <a
   * href="https://www.tensorflow.org/resources/dims_types.html#rank">rank</a>) of the Tensor.
   *
   * <p>Will be 0 for a scalar, 1 for a vector, 2 for a matrix, 3 for a 3-dimensional tensor etc.
   */
  public int numDimensions() {
    return shapeCopy.length;
  }

  /** Returns the size, in bytes, of the tensor data. */
  public int numBytes() {
    return buffer().remaining();
  }

  /** Returns the number of elements in a flattened (1-D) view of the tensor. */
  public int numElements() {
    return numElements(shapeCopy);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the <a href="https://www.tensorflow.org/resources/dims_types.html#shape">shape</a> of
   * the Tensor, i.e., the sizes of each dimension.
   *
   * @return an array where the i-th element is the size of the i-th dimension of the tensor.
   */
  public long[] shape() {
    return shapeCopy;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the value in a scalar {@link DataType#FLOAT} tensor.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the Tensor does not represent a float scalar.
   */
  public float floatValue() {
    return scalarFloat(nativeHandle);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the value in a scalar {@link DataType#DOUBLE} tensor.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the Tensor does not represent a double scalar.
   */
  public double doubleValue() {
    return scalarDouble(nativeHandle);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the value in a scalar {@link DataType#INT32} tensor.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the Tensor does not represent a int scalar.
   */
  public int intValue() {
    return scalarInt(nativeHandle);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the value in a scalar {@link DataType#INT64} tensor.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the Tensor does not represent a long scalar.
   */
  public long longValue() {
    return scalarLong(nativeHandle);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the value in a scalar {@link DataType#BOOL} tensor.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the Tensor does not represent a boolean scalar.
   */
  public boolean booleanValue() {
    return scalarBoolean(nativeHandle);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the value in a scalar {@link DataType#STRING} tensor.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the Tensor does not represent a boolean scalar.
   */
  public byte[] bytesValue() {
    return scalarBytes(nativeHandle);
  }

  /**
   * Copies the contents of the tensor to {@code dst} and returns {@code dst}.
   *
   * <p>For non-scalar tensors, this method copies the contents of the underlying tensor to a Java
   * array. For scalar tensors, use one of {@link #bytesValue()}, {@link #floatValue()}, {@link
   * #doubleValue()}, {@link #intValue()}, {@link #longValue()} or {@link #booleanValue()} instead.
   * The type and shape of {@code dst} must be compatible with the tensor. For example:
   *
   * <pre>{@code
   * int matrix[2][2] = {{1,2},{3,4}};
   * try(Tensor t = Tensor.create(matrix)) {
   *   // Succeeds and prints "3"
   *   int[][] copy = new int[2][2];
   *   System.out.println(t.copyTo(copy)[1][0]);
   *
   *   // Throws IllegalArgumentException since the shape of dst does not match the shape of t.
   *   int[][] dst = new int[4][1];
   *   t.copyTo(dst);
   * }
   * }</pre>
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the tensor is a scalar or if {@code dst} is not compatible
   *     with the tensor (for example, mismatched data types or shapes).
   */
  public <T> T copyTo(T dst) {
    throwExceptionIfTypeIsIncompatible(dst);
    readNDArray(nativeHandle, dst);
    return dst;
  }

  /**
   * Write the data of a {@link DataType#INT32} tensor into the given buffer.
   *
   * <p>Copies {@code numElements()} elements to the buffer.
   *
   * @param dst the destination buffer
   * @throws BufferOverflowException If there is insufficient space in the given buffer for the data
   *     in this tensor
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the tensor datatype is not {@link DataType#INT32}
   */
  public void writeTo(IntBuffer dst) {
    if (dtype != DataType.INT32) {
      throw incompatibleBuffer(dst, dtype);
    }
    ByteBuffer src = buffer();
    dst.put(src.asIntBuffer());
  }

  /**
   * Write the data of a {@link DataType#FLOAT} tensor into the given buffer.
   *
   * <p>Copies {@code numElements()} elements to the buffer.
   *
   * @param dst the destination buffer
   * @throws BufferOverflowException If there is insufficient space in the given buffer for the data
   *     in this tensor
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the tensor datatype is not {@link DataType#FLOAT}
   */
  public void writeTo(FloatBuffer dst) {
    if (dtype != DataType.FLOAT) {
      throw incompatibleBuffer(dst, dtype);
    }
    ByteBuffer src = buffer();
    dst.put(src.asFloatBuffer());
  }

  /**
   * Write the data of a {@link DataType#DOUBLE} tensor into the given buffer.
   *
   * <p>Copies {@code numElements()} elements to the buffer.
   *
   * @param dst the destination buffer
   * @throws BufferOverflowException If there is insufficient space in the given buffer for the data
   *     in this tensor
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the tensor datatype is not {@link DataType#DOUBLE}
   */
  public void writeTo(DoubleBuffer dst) {
    if (dtype != DataType.DOUBLE) {
      throw incompatibleBuffer(dst, dtype);
    }
    ByteBuffer src = buffer();
    dst.put(src.asDoubleBuffer());
  }

  /**
   * Write the data of a {@link DataType#INT64} tensor into the given buffer.
   *
   * <p>Copies {@code numElements()} elements to the buffer.
   *
   * @param dst the destination buffer
   * @throws BufferOverflowException If there is insufficient space in the given buffer for the data
   *     in this tensor
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the tensor datatype is not {@link DataType#INT64}
   */
  public void writeTo(LongBuffer dst) {
    if (dtype != DataType.INT64) {
      throw incompatibleBuffer(dst, dtype);
    }
    ByteBuffer src = buffer();
    dst.put(src.asLongBuffer());
  }

  /**
   * Write the tensor data into the given buffer.
   *
   * <p>Copies {@code numBytes()} bytes to the buffer in native byte order for primitive types.
   *
   * @param dst the destination buffer
   * @throws BufferOverflowException If there is insufficient space in the given buffer for the data
   *     in this tensor
   */
  public void writeTo(ByteBuffer dst) {
    ByteBuffer src = buffer();
    dst.put(src);
  }

  /** Returns a string describing the type and shape of the Tensor. */
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return String.format("%s tensor with shape %s", dtype.toString(), Arrays.toString(shape()));
  }

  /**
   * Create a Tensor object from a handle to the C TF_Tensor object.
   *
   * <p>Takes ownership of the handle.
   */
  static Tensor fromHandle(long handle) {
    Tensor t = new Tensor();
    t.dtype = DataType.fromC(dtype(handle));
    t.shapeCopy = shape(handle);
    t.nativeHandle = handle;
    return t;
  }

  long getNativeHandle() {
    return nativeHandle;
  }

  private long nativeHandle;
  private DataType dtype;
  private long[] shapeCopy = null;

  private Tensor() {}

  private ByteBuffer buffer() {
    return buffer(nativeHandle).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
  }

  private static IllegalArgumentException incompatibleBuffer(Buffer buf, DataType dataType) {
    return new IllegalArgumentException(
        String.format("cannot use %s with Tensor of type %s", buf.getClass().getName(), dataType));
  }

  private static IllegalArgumentException incompatibleBuffer(int numElements, long[] shape) {
    return new IllegalArgumentException(
        String.format(
            "buffer with %d elements is not compatible with a Tensor with shape %s",
            numElements, Arrays.toString(shape)));
  }

  private static int numElements(long[] shape) {
    // assumes a fully-known shape
    int n = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < shape.length; i++) {
      n *= (int) shape[i];
    }
    return n;
  }

  private static int elemByteSize(DataType dataType) {
    switch (dataType) {
      case UINT8:
        return 1;
      case FLOAT:
      case INT32:
        return 4;
      case DOUBLE:
      case INT64:
        return 8;
      case BOOL:
        return 1;
      case STRING:
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("STRING tensors do not have a fixed element size");
    }
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("DataType " + dataType + " is not supported yet");
  }

  private static void throwExceptionIfNotByteOfByteArrays(Object array) {
    if (!array.getClass().getName().equals("[[B")) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "object cannot be converted to a Tensor as it includes an array with null elements");
    }
  }

  private static DataType dataTypeOf(Object o) {
    if (o.getClass().isArray()) {
      if (Array.getLength(o) == 0) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("cannot create Tensors with a 0 dimension");
      }
      // byte[] is a DataType.STRING scalar.
      Object e = Array.get(o, 0);
      if (e == null) {
        throwExceptionIfNotByteOfByteArrays(o);
        return DataType.STRING;
      }
      if (Byte.class.isInstance(e) || byte.class.isInstance(e)) {
        return DataType.STRING;
      }
      return dataTypeOf(e);
    }
    if (Float.class.isInstance(o) || float.class.isInstance(o)) {
      return DataType.FLOAT;
    } else if (Double.class.isInstance(o) || double.class.isInstance(o)) {
      return DataType.DOUBLE;
    } else if (Integer.class.isInstance(o) || int.class.isInstance(o)) {
      return DataType.INT32;
    } else if (Long.class.isInstance(o) || long.class.isInstance(o)) {
      return DataType.INT64;
    } else if (Boolean.class.isInstance(o) || boolean.class.isInstance(o)) {
      return DataType.BOOL;
    } else {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("cannot create Tensors of " + o.getClass().getName());
    }
  }

  private static int numDimensions(Object o) {
    if (o.getClass().isArray()) {
      Object e = Array.get(o, 0);
      if (e == null) {
        throwExceptionIfNotByteOfByteArrays(o);
        return 1;
      } else if (Byte.class.isInstance(e) || byte.class.isInstance(e)) {
        return 0;
      }
      return 1 + numDimensions(e);
    }
    return 0;
  }

  private static void fillShape(Object o, int dim, long[] shape) {
    if (shape == null || dim == shape.length) {
      return;
    }
    final int len = Array.getLength(o);
    if (shape[dim] == 0) {
      shape[dim] = len;
    } else if (shape[dim] != len) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          String.format("mismatched lengths (%d and %d) in dimension %d", shape[dim], len, dim));
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
      fillShape(Array.get(o, i), dim + 1, shape);
    }
  }

  private void throwExceptionIfTypeIsIncompatible(Object o) {
    final int rank = numDimensions();
    final int oRank = numDimensions(o);
    if (oRank != rank) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          String.format(
              "cannot copy Tensor with %d dimensions into an object with %d", rank, oRank));
    }
    if (dataTypeOf(o) != dtype) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          String.format(
              "cannot copy Tensor with DataType %s into an object of type %s",
              dtype.toString(), o.getClass().getName()));
    }
    long[] oShape = new long[rank];
    fillShape(o, 0, oShape);
    for (int i = 0; i < oShape.length; ++i) {
      if (oShape[i] != shape()[i]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
            String.format(
                "cannot copy Tensor with shape %s into object with shape %s",
                Arrays.toString(shape()), Arrays.toString(oShape)));
      }
    }
  }

  private static native long allocate(int dtype, long[] shape, long byteSize);

  private static native long allocateScalarBytes(byte[] value);

  private static native long allocateNonScalarBytes(long[] shape, Object[] value);

  private static native void delete(long handle);

  private static native ByteBuffer buffer(long handle);

  private static native int dtype(long handle);

  private static native long[] shape(long handle);

  private static native void setValue(long handle, Object value);

  private static native float scalarFloat(long handle);

  private static native double scalarDouble(long handle);

  private static native int scalarInt(long handle);

  private static native long scalarLong(long handle);

  private static native boolean scalarBoolean(long handle);

  private static native byte[] scalarBytes(long handle);

  private static native void readNDArray(long handle, Object value);

  static {
    TensorFlow.init();
  }
}
