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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mburuvicha"} | Genus of spiders
Mburuvicha is a monotypic genus of Argentinian jumping spiders containing the single species, Mburuvicha galianoae. It was first described by C. L. Scioscia in 1993, and is only found in Argentina. The name is derived from the Guaraní word Mburuvicha, meaning "chief". The species name honors arachnologist María Elena Galiano. | de89eb34-4239-4090-af0c-67f4fa096a8d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%85chock_Abbey"} | Wąchock Abbey (Polish: Opactwo Cystersów w Wąchocku) is a Cistercian abbey in Wąchock, Poland. Located near the larger town of Starachowice in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains of south-eastern Poland, Wąchock is best known for the architecture of this Roman Catholic site.
The abbey was founded by Cistercian monks, who came to the region in the late 12th century. The Cistercians had a reputation for administering the building sites for abbeys and cathedrals, and "made it a point of honour to recruit the best stonecutters." Today, the interiors of the abbey remain well-preserved, and the buildings themselves "are recognized as the most precious monuments of Romanesque architecture in Poland."
History
The abbey itself is believed to have been founded in 1179, based on the few extant records from the era. It is further presumed, on the evidence of a stone escutcheon of Gadka (or Gadko), Bishop of Kraków, by the entrance to the later-built church on the grounds, that he was the principal founder. The church, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Florian, was completed prior to the Tatar Invasion of 1241. This incursion, and the Mongol invasions to follow, destroyed most of the monastery, and the bulk of what Romanesque work stands today was rebuilt in the late 13th century.
The abbey, like many Cistercian monasteries, prospered over the next several centuries, farming and earning income from metal mining and manufacturing operations. Another series of invasions, culminating with that of George II Rákóczi of Transylvania, left the abbey plundered and burnt. The monastery was finally rebuilt in 1696. It was suppressed, and the church converted to a parish church, in 1819 following the Congress of Vienna, which had created the "Kingdom of Poland" five years earlier as a de facto puppet state of the Russian Empire under the Romanov Tsars. In 1951, Cistercians from Mogila were finally able to return to the monastery at Wąchock, and in 1964 the parish once again returned to its former status as an abbey. In 1991, the Fathers opened a museum on the abbey premises. | 231de241-2e73-4ae4-bba8-7245a0df125d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katahigashi,_Niigata"} | Former municipality in Hokuriku, Japan
Katahigashi (潟東村, Katahigashi-mura) was a village located in Nishikanbara District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 6,347 and a density of 264.90 persons per km². The total area was 23.96 km².
On March 21, 2005, Katahigashi, along with the cities of Niitsu, Shirone and Toyosaka, the towns of Kameda, Kosudo and Yokogoshi (all from Nakakanbara District), the town of Nishikawa, and the villages of Ajikata, Iwamuro, Nakanokuchi and Tsukigata (all from Nishikanbara District), was merged into the expanded city of Niigata. As of April 1, 2007, the area is part of the Nishi-ku ward. | ccc01f01-890b-41c9-b668-f538cf4351df |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambuslang_railway_station"} | Railway station in South Lanarkshire, Scotland
Cambuslang railway station is a railway station which serves the town of Cambuslang, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. The station is 5 miles (8 km) south east of Glasgow Central, and is regularly served by trains on the Argyle Line to and from Glasgow Central (both Low & High Level). Passenger services are provided by ScotRail Trains on behalf of Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT).
History
The station was planned as part of the Clydesdale Junction Railway, opening on 1 June 1849 between Motherwell and Rutherglen along what had become part of the Caledonian Railway. In 1974, the West Coast Main Line electrification was completed by British Rail with local services through the station on the Hamilton Circle and Lanark routes converted to electric trains operated using BR Class 303 and 311 "Blue Trains".
The station originally had two large station buildings on each platform, leading directly up to the Main Street; these were later demolished, and one building has been built on the street containing the ticket office and timetable posters.
Geography
The platforms of Cambuslang are located in a cutting between North Avenue and Cambuslang Main Street. The station falls within the G72 postcode area; the main entrance is from Cambuslang Main Street. There is also a secondary (non-wheelchair accessible) entrance from North Avenue. The station is approximately 5 minutes' walk from the nearby Morrisons supermarket. There is an SPT bus stance outside the station, served by First Bus and Henderson Travel services to Buchanan Bus Station and to Parkhead Forge. In 2022 a large Park and Ride facility had been opened on Bridge Street - about 2-3 minute walk across the Main Street
Operations
Platform 1 – Westbound
Westbound services travel towards Glasgow Central. Shotts Line services terminate at the High Level platforms, as did the Hamilton Circle services prior to the opening of the Argyle Line in November 1979. From November 1979, British Rail electric services proceeded through the Low Level platforms, to the North Clyde Line, terminating at Milngavie, Dalmuir (via Yoker or Singer). When the Argyle Line first opened in 1979, trains also terminated at Dumbarton Central.
A further recast of the timetable in December 2014 means that services from Lanark now run to High Level and passengers from this direction wishing to reach Argyle Line destinations must change trains here. Services on the Argyle Line now run to Dalmuir via Yoker and to Milngavie.
Platform 2 – Eastbound
Eastbound services travel from Glasgow Central. Trains on the Shotts Line proceed through to Edinburgh Waverley, but only call during the peaks and late evenings. Electric trains travel round the Hamilton Circle in an anti-clockwise direction to Motherwell/Cumbernauld or Larkhall and to Lanark (express; via Bellshill and Shieldmuir).
Services
1979 service patterns
Current service patterns
Station facilities
Cambuslang is covered by CCTV and is completely accessible by wheelchair from the Main Street entrance. Timetables are posted on the footbridge and staff are on hand to assist passengers; real-time service information is provided by passenger information screens on the platforms. The footbridge is at street-level, and its metal sides rise to above average head-height, rendering the railway tracks invisible to anyone crossing. Access from the footbridge to platforms is via broad ramps. A ticket vending machine and new waiting shelters were recently installed on the westbound platform. | 728a99e3-99b2-4d34-be21-4eb8795d26b5 |
null | Same-sex intimacy is a relationship between two friends of the same sex that has many components of a sexually intimate relationship (e.g. self-disclosures, emotional expressiveness, unconditional support, physical contact and trust), but not necessarily sexual intimacy or sexual contact. The term can apply to the exploration of sexuality outside the home, as well as to the physical activities shared between two friends. | 19623a0a-7814-4e93-8153-5d785f7f0c60 |
null | Canadian film and television producer and director
Michael Scott, sometimes credited as Michael J. F. Scott, is a Canadian film and television director and producer.
Associated in his early career with the National Film Board of Canada, he is a five time Genie Award winner as producer of the short films Ted Baryluk's Grocery, The Big Snit, Get a Job, Village of Idiots and Runaway, a two-time Academy Award nominee for his work on The Big Snit and Whistling Smith, and a two-time Gemini Award nominee for the television films Ikwé and Lost in the Barrens. | 8d1988bd-e024-4f74-8811-481190f2bae5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Valley_line"} | Trans-Pennine railway line in Northern England
The Hope Valley line is a trans-Pennine railway line in Northern England, linking Manchester with Sheffield. It was completed in 1894.
Passenger services on the line are operated by Northern Trains, East Midlands Railway and TransPennine Express, while the quarries around Hope, producing stone and cement, provide a source of freight traffic.
From Sheffield, the line follows the Midland Main Line through the south-west of the city to Dore & Totley, where the Hope Valley line branches off to run through the Totley Tunnel, the fourth-longest tunnel in England. It emerges in the Hope Valley area of Derbyshire, where it passes through the stations of Grindleford, Hathersage, Bamford, Hope and Edale before entering the two-mile-long Cowburn Tunnel. From the western portal of the tunnel, the line runs through Chinley, then splits. The northern branch runs via New Mills Central towards Manchester Piccadilly. The southern branch passes through the Disley Tunnel before merging with the Buxton line and then heading to Stockport to join the West Coast Main Line to Manchester.
History
Sheffield and Midland Joint Section
This section was built by the Sheffield and Midland Railway Companies' Committee as part of the Midland Railway's drive to reach Manchester with its line from London via Ambergate and Millers Dale. Initially, in 1867, it joined the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway at Hyde Junction, running into Manchester London Road, but in 1875 a more direct route was built through Bredbury. When Manchester Central was opened by the Cheshire Lines Committee, a new line was built through Heaton Mersey. This third route was closed along with Manchester Central, apart from the section through Disley Tunnel to Hazel Grove, where it now joins the old LNWR line into Stockport.
Dore and Chinley
In 1872, the Midland Railway's only route from Sheffield to Manchester was via Ambergate. It had originally proposed a line to run from Dore to Hassop, meeting its extension from Rowsley to Buxton. However, the "Dore and Chinley Railway" was floated independently in 1872 and, unsuccessfully, until the Midland took an interest, since it would provide a more direct route, connecting through Chinley into Manchester. The line was authorised in 1884 and work began in 1888.
The 21-mile (34 km) line took five years to build, opening to goods traffic in November 1893, with passenger traffic being carried from June 1894. The terrain through Hope Valley and the Vale of Edale was easy enough by Midland standards, but at each end there were formidable obstacles, negotiated by means of the Totley and Cowburn Tunnels.
20th century
At the time of the Beeching review, the line was running in competition with the recently modernised and faster Woodhead Line and its closure was suggested. On appeal, British Rail was required to keep the Hope Valley line open to passenger traffic; it was decided that the Woodhead route would be closed to passenger traffic instead and then subsequently to all traffic in 1981, due to the high cost of further upgrading the line to modern standards.[citation needed]
Metrolink proposals
In the early 1980s, proposals were put forward to convert the Piccadilly–Belle Vue–Rose Hill/Marple section of the Hope Valley line to light rail operation for the proposed Manchester Metrolink system. While construction of Metrolink went ahead, the Hope Valley line was not included in the system which was completed in 1992. When in 2000, proposals for a large-scale extension of Metrolink were announced by the government, these still did not include conversion of the Hope Valley line; but, subsequently, planning documents from Network Rail and from the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Authority have suggested that this route might be appropriate for tram-train operation, and, as such, it was suggested to the Department for Transport as a possible location for a national tram-train pilot.
2019 closure
On 1 August 2019, the line was closed between Marple and Sheffield amid fears that the dam at Toddbrook Reservoir would collapse, following heavy rain, which would flood the town of Whaley Bridge. The Buxton line, between Hazel Grove and Buxton, was also closed because of this. The line was re-opened on 7 August 2019.
Services
The following passenger services traverse all or part of the Hope Valley Line:
Northern Trains:
East Midlands Railway:
TransPennine Express:
Future
In 2005 planning applications for various parts of the scheme[clarification needed] were submitted. In 2015, a consultation pack on the capacity enhancement of the line was released by Network Rail.
Nottinghamshire County Council and the Department for Transport have investigated the possibility of adding another service that does not call at Sheffield in order to improve the journey time between Nottingham and Manchester. Stopping (and changing direction) in Sheffield, the fastest journey is 110 minutes (in 2019), but the council has estimated bypassing Sheffield would cut the time to 85 minutes. Suggested improvements on a 2+1⁄2-mile (4 km) stretch near Stockport may reduce journey times by 2–3 minutes.
Network Rail, in partnership with South Yorkshire ITA, will redouble the track between Dore Station Junction and Dore West Junction, at an estimated cost of £15 million. This costing is based on four additional vehicles in traffic to deliver the option, however, this will depend on vehicle allocation through the DfT rolling stock plan. This work will be programmed, subject to funding, in conjunction with signalling renewals in the Dore/Totley Tunnel area.
In 2018, proposals were published for works in order to fit in an all-day (07:00–19:00) hourly Manchester–Sheffield via New Mills Central stopping service, by extending an existing Manchester–New Mills Central service. Planning permission for the upgrade was granted in February 2018, but delays mean that this will now not be completed until 2023. The TWAO was also published in 2018. These changes to allow three fast trains, a stopping train and freight trains each hour were also supported in a Transport for the North investment report in 2019, together with “further interventions” for the Northern Powerhouse Rail programme.
In March 2021, it was announced by Minister of State for Transport, Andrew Stephenson, that £137 million would be used to upgrade the line. The local MP Robert Largan claimed he had campaigned hard for this upgrade. A joint venture between Volker Rail and Story Contracting was awarded an £80 million contract for the delayed Hope Valley upgrade. The work includes creating a 3,600 feet (1,100 m) passing loop between Bamford and Hathersage, and adding a second track and platform at Dore and Totley station. This will allow passenger trains to pass slow-moving freight and allow three fast trains per hour between Manchester and Sheffield. There will also be improvements to the Jaggers Lane Bridge in Hathersage. Work started on 29 May 2022 and is expected to be complete by spring 2024.
Freight
Around 66% of the works output (1,000,000 tonnes (1,100,000 tons) per year) of cement from Hope Cement Works a year is taken away by rail from the seven-road Earle's Sidings at Hope. When G & T Earle opened Earle's Cement works in 1929, it was linked to the Hope Valley Line by a 1 mi 52 chains (2.7 km) single track railway, which was worked by steam until 1963. Most of the cement now travels over it in trains hauled by class 20 locomotives to Earle's Sidings, where it is taken over by Freightliner. | 4f08eb44-6a41-4b60-8b23-6edf10f36923 |
null | Species of moth
Lamprostola nitens is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by George Hampson in 1900. It is found in Bolivia. | b08df3b3-a631-44f8-adb3-8b4831c42820 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilksch_Airmotive"} | Wilksch Airmotive Ltd is a UK-based company which designs and manufactures compression-ignition engines for light aircraft. Wilksch engines run on jet fuel, which is cheaper and more widely available than avgas. The company, founded in 1994, manufactures two-stroke compression ignition engines. In a maiden flight in a Piper J-3 Cub on 21 November 1997, an 80-horsepower 2-cylinder prototype engine became the first two-stroke diesel aircraft engine to fly in over 50 years.
The company then concentrated on developing a three-cylinder 120 hp WAM engine, which first flew in December 1999. In 2005 the Wilksch company announced a manufacturing deal with Lister Petter — effectively the WAM (Wilksch Air Motive) company would lease space, but would actually manufacture at the Lister Petter factory in Gloucestershire, UK. In the following 18 months from 2004 some 40 engines were made; to date[when?] it is believed that about 20 have flown in kit built aircraft in places as far apart as Brazil, the United States, Sweden, Germany, France and the UK.[citation needed]
In 2004 Mark Wilksch raised part equity and part loan investment in Wilksch Airmotive from an investor group consisting of Mike Newton, Patrick Head and John Murray.
By 2006 the company faced serious and critical financial difficulties. There was further investment by prior shareholders, and the Investor Group exercised their options to convert loans to equity at a reduced price based on financial performance to date.
Headed by Mike Newton, albeit in a Non Exec director role on behalf of the Investor Group, the Company continued to work on correcting the defects and refining the Indirect Injection (IDI) versions of the "WAM" engine while Mark Wilksch separately concentrated on Direct Injection (DI) concepts.
Wilksch Airmotive moved into custom built premises at Gloucestershire Airport in 2009, following temporary accommodation on the site where they continued to develop their diesel engines. New test cells were commissioned in portable containerized form, in which they run the engines to JAR, FAR and ASTM cycles. WAM moved to a low volume production regime of the existing design and returned to development with the aim of creating the next generation of engines, namely a larger capacity version of the three-cylinder engine and (in due course) a four-cylinder version.
A revised version of the original engine was released as the WAM100-LSA targeted at LSA aircraft at 100HP. By early 2008 the WAM100-LSA had completed the required ASTM F2538 test cycles and subsequent inspections for 1,000hr TBO with the performance testing already complete to achieve a 2000Hr TBO. It was clear however that the original power targets could not be achieved without fundamental design changes.
During 2008, development of the WAM125BB and projected WAM167BB commenced. This incorporated the following changes -
By the end of 2012, the WAM125BB had completed over 2000hrs of JAR and FAR Endurance test cycles on the dyno - supporting a deliverable 2000hr TBO certified engine target under either FAA or EASA rules. The prototype WAM167BB four cylinder engine was also in the initial stages of manufacture, with two prototypes subsequently running on the dyno and performing well within target expectations. Both WAM125BB and WAM167BB engines delivered improved SFC and reduced noise and vibration in addition to the improved durability.
However despite the significant further investment to this stage the market position for JET-A1 fuelled light aircraft had changed, and there was little appetite at that time for the further investment to perform certification and series production.
In 2018, as exploration for alternative investment opportunities had been exhausted, Mike Newton announced the acquisition of the assets into his specialist engineering company, Apple Tree Innovation Ltd and the relocation of the assets to Cheshire, and as of late 2019 the facilities have been partly recommissioned, with agreement with a local engine specialist for ongoing support if required for engine manufacture or rebuilds. Apple Tree Innovation continue to make parts available for existing WAM Engine customers.
Apple Tree Innovation continues to review market opportunities, including the 'single fuel' UAV sector, and also investigating potential hybrid versions leveraging the automotive EV developments also within Apple Tree, with research into counter rotating independent propellers solutions sponsored at MACE ( School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester ).
A recent article in Unmanned Systems Technology Magazine described the engine targeted for UAV applications. | d962b558-89fd-45fb-b05b-d155650b205b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metagentiana"} | Genus of plants
Metagentiana is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gentianaceae.
Its native range is Central and Southern China to Northern Indo-China.
Species: | e3d3b6a9-a82a-43e8-a6c7-0627ce440560 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Morris_(Baptist_minister)"} | William Morris (12 September 1843 – 21 December 1922), widely known by his bardic name, Rhosynnog, was the minister of Noddfa Baptist Church, Treorchy, South Wales from soon after its formation in 1868 until his death.
Morris was born on 12 September 1843 at Treboeth, Swansea, the son of David Morris. After training in early life to become an engineer, he turned his attention to the nonconformist ministry. He was educated at the Swansea Academy of G. P. Evans, and later at Pontypool.
Ordained at Treorchy in 1868, he later became secretary of the Baptist Union of Wales from 1879 until 1898, and later became its president. Under his leadership the membership at Noddfa increased rapidly and branch chapels were established including Ainon, Treorchy and Bethel, Cwmpark.
A popular lecturer, Morris also supported cultural, temperance, and educational movements in the Rhondda Valley. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, and in 1902 he visited the United States of America and was awarded an honorary degree by Bucknell University.
Politics
Morris served as a member of the Ystradyfodwg School Board.
He was also involved in local parliamentary politics. Following the formation of the new Rhondda constituency prior to the 1885 election, Morris was a leading figure in the local Liberal Association, known as the 'Three Hundred', who were tasked with selecting a parliamentary candidate. Morris supported the coal owner Frederick L. Davis against the trade unionist Mabon. In this respect, morris allied himself with the Liberal establishment in the valley, dominated by colliery officials and tradesmen, against the trade union movement. In some ways this reflected the influence of colliery officials at Noddfa.
By the 1889 elections to Glamorgan County Council the Liberal schism had been temporarily been set aside and Morris chaired a meeting at Treorchy to support the official Liberal candidates for Treorchy and Treherbert wards. At this meeting both Daronwy Isaac, a well-known miner, and Mabon himself spoke. Following the election of William Jenkins, Ystradfechan, as alderman, Morris, together with Evan Davies, a Treherbert butcher were nominated as candidates for the by-election but Morris withdrew allowing Davies to be returned unopposed. In 1892, Morris was adopted as the official Liberal candidate for Treorchy at the Glamorgan County Council election of 1892. He was defeated, however, by the Lib-Lab candidate, Daromwy Isaac, a prominent miners' leader and close ally of Mabon.
He died on 21 December 1922. | cb51b943-39cb-49ee-9a70-76ec7519e127 |
null | Historic house in Delaware, United States
United States historic place
Louviers, also known as Upper Louviers and Black Gates, was a historic home located at Wilmington in New Castle County, Delaware.
History
The original section was built in 1833 as a two-story stone dwelling measuring 31 feet, 8 inches wide and 35 feet long. Additions were made in 1833, 1837, after 1837, and after 1901. The second addition included a third floor and a facade with a Greek Revival style porch.
From 1837 to 1865, it was the home of Rear Admiral Samuel Francis Du Pont, a member of the prominent Du Pont family. Also located on the property are contributing gate houses, and an iron bridge (1877) that joined Louviers to the powder yards.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. The house has since been demolished, and its site incorporated into the DuPont Country Club. However, the gate houses along Rockland Road and the iron bridge over the Brandywine remain. | f9dd8816-287c-40ca-84de-a8e0416b6fac |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Hill_(politician)"} | British politician
Trevor Keith Hill (born 28 July 1943) is an English Labour Party politician who served as Member of Parliament for Streatham from 1992 until 2010, as well as in a variety of Government roles as a Whip and a junior minister.
Early life and career
Hill was born in Leicester and educated at City Boys' Grammar School, from where he won a scholarship to Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He completed a Diploma in Education at University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.
He was then a politics lecturer, firstly in the University of Leicester and at the University of Strathclyde from 1969–1973. He worked as a research officer for the Labour Party's International Department from 1974–1976 before becoming a political officer for the National Union of Railwaymen, subsequently amalgamated into the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT). In the 1979 general election he stood unsuccessfully as Labour Candidate in Blaby.
Political career
In the 1992 election, Hill outperformed Labour's national performance by being the first Labour MP elected for the Streatham constituency. He defeated the incumbent Conservative MP Sir William Shelton by a convincing margin. This partly reflected changing demographics in the constituency, which includes a large swathe of Brixton.
Following his election as an MP, he served on the Select Committee for Transport from 1992 to 1997. His first Government appointment was as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Hilary Armstrong in 1997. He became an Assistant Government Whip from 1998 to 1999.
Keith Hill's ministerial career started when he was appointed as Parliamentary Under Secretary for Transport (as well as Minister for London) at the then Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) in 1999. During his time at DETR, he was responsible for local transport and transport in London.
As Minister for London, Keith Hill was closely involved in preparing the way for London mayoral elections. This was a task that he took to with clear relish – regional television viewers saw Mr Hill doing a rap in the middle of Trafalgar Square with a baseball hat on back to front to try to encourage young Londoners to vote in the elections.
In the ministerial appointments following the 2001 election, Keith Hill moved to the position of Deputy Chief Whip. In a 13 June 2003 reshuffle, Hill was promoted to Minister of State rank and joined the Privy Council. He served as Minister for Housing and Planning at the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister until the 2005 General Election. During this period he had lead responsibility for housing, planning, the Thames Gateway, urban policy and liveability issues, and was Minister for London and the Dome. In the reshuffle following the 2005 general election, Keith Hill was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister, Tony Blair. He returned to the backbenches on Gordon Brown becoming Prime Minister in June 2007.
Hill stood down at the 2010 general election. He was offered a knighthood in the 2010 Dissolution Honours, but declined the honour, saying he would find the "whole idea a little embarrassing and too much for me".
After leaving parliament, Hill become the chair of Lambeth Living, an ALMO (arm's length management organisation) which administers most of Lambeth Council's social housing stock.
In 2012 Keith Hill was appointed as the independent regulator for the Association of Residential Managing Agents (ARMA) new self-regulatory regime. ARMA is a trade association for firms that manage private residential leasehold blocks of flats in England & Wales and Hill's appointment marks the first time that managing agents have been subject to independent regulation.
Keith Hill was confirmed by Hammersmith & Fulham Council in February 2015 as Chair of the Residents' Commission on Council Housing.
Personal life
Now married, Hill once shared a flat with actor/comedian Eddie Izzard.
Other
Hill was described by Routledge's Almanac of British Politics as "One of the government's insufficiently sung heroes". | 1d88e061-84b5-487e-ace2-ff8917ba1f00 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_Belcher"} | Mary Anne "Marian" Belcher (12 March 1849 – 15 December 1898) was an English educator and school administrator, the second headmistress of Bedford High School.
Early life
Mary Anne Belcher was born in Great Faringdon, Berkshire, the daughter of Thomas Belcher and Mary Anne Saunders Belcher. Her father was a grocer. Her brother Thomas Hayes Belcher was a noted cricketer who became principal of Brighton College. She was educated at Hillersdon House in Barnes, and at Cheltenham Ladies' College.
Career
Belcher passed the General Examination for Women in 1870. She taught at Cheltenham Ladies' College from 1871 to 1883, and was the school's vice-principal from 1877, under the mentorship of headmistress Dorothea Beale.
In 1883, Belcher became headmistress of Bedford High School, after the founding headmistress, Ada Benson McDowall, died suddenly in the school's first year. "She it is, therefore, to whom the school chiefly owes its original organization and its present traditions," a 1906 report noted of Belcher. Under her administration, the school enrollment and facilities grew "with such marvelous rapidity", with new buildings to serve over 500 students, ages 7 through 20. Belcher's approach emphasised high moral purpose and set public service as a priority over private needs; "her rule was one of love, not of fear," recalled one account, "yet her sternness, where sternness was deserved, prevented any abuse of her gentle methods".
Belcher helped establish the high school's alumnae organization, the Old Girls' Guild, which held reunions and made charitable contributions in Bedford. She remained as headmistress at Bedford for fifteen years, until her death in 1898 from illness. She was succeeded by another Cheltenham-trained teacher, Susan Collie.
Personal life
Belcher died in 1898, aged 49 years. She is buried at Foster Hill Road Cemetery in Bedford. The school established a Marian Belcher Leaving Scholarship in her memory in 1901, and a window in the school's chapel was dedicated to Belcher in 1902. Her nephew Gordon Belcher was a noted cricketer before he died in World War I. | 058fafbf-c667-4a0d-8686-3deae98f812c |
null | 1979 Indian film
Savathiya Neralu (Kannada: ಸವತಿಯ ನೆರಳು) is a 1979 Indian Kannada film, directed by Y. R. Swamy and produced by S. Suresh. The film stars Srinath, Manjula, Ambareesh and Leelavathi in the lead roles. It is adapted from Aryamba Pattabhi's novel of the same name which was based on Daphne du Maurier's cult classic Rebecca. The film has musical score by Chellapilla Satyam.
Cast
Soundtrack | fb96de8f-28d3-4605-a028-5e71014689ed |
null | Norwegian politician
Haldor Andreas Haldorsen (21 February 1883 – 23 April 1965) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.
He was born in Finnås.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Hordaland in 1945, and was re-elected on one occasion. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative during the terms 1928–1930, 1931–1933 and 1934–1936.
Haldorsen was a member of the executive committee of Bremnes municipality council from 1916 to 1942. | 8682d37c-dfec-4c33-9507-8d506ac55875 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_J._Hyde_(Medal_of_Honor)"} | Henry J. Hyde (February 11, 1846 – July 25, 1893) was a United States Army Sergeant during the Indian Wars who received the Medal of Honor on August 12, 1875, for service during the winter of 1872–73.
Hyde joined the army from New York City in August 1869, and was discharged in November 1884.
Medal of Honor citation
Citation:
Gallant conduct during campaigns and engagements with Apaches. | 32f80c2a-f629-4c41-b604-a62c73739e9f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhandup"} | Suburban in Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, India
Bhandup (Pronunciation: [bʱaːɳɖup]) is a suburban locality in Mumbai, in the state of Maharashtra, India. The name Bhandup is derived from Bhandupeshwar, one of the names of the Hindu god Shiva. An old temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Bhandupeshwar Mahadev Mandir, is located in Bhandup (west) near Moti Bai Wadi IDUBS high school. Sonapur signal is north lead line on L.B.S. Marg and south is dockyard colony. Bhandup railway station is on the Central line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. A few fast trains stop at Bhandup station, mostly during the peak hours.
History
Bhandup is one of the oldest suburbs in Mumbai.[citation needed] It is home to Shivaji Talao, or Shivaji Lake, named after the Maratha ruler, Shivaji. Devotees of Ganapati immerse idols of the elephant god Ganesh at the lake during the months of August through September, as well as in Bhandupeshwar Kundh in Bhandup Village East near the Eastern Express Highway.[citation needed]
The earliest records of Bhandup come from 1803, and show the contemporary Bhandup estate to comprise Bhandup, Nahur and Kanjur Marg.
The Silaharas, also known as Shilahara, were the rulers of this region with partial Dravidian ancestry who later mixed with the Prakrit speaking Indo-Aryan locals of Konkan. The Silaharas promoted socio-economic progress in the 11th century around Bombay. To control the regions in Bombay and Thane, the built the Rajapatha, passing from the north of Bhandup, following the current Bombay-Thane road.
Historical records indicate that the distillery at Bhandup was one of the two biggest sources of liquor in the Bombay Presidency, the other being the Uran distillery.
Bhandup was also one of the first railway stations in India. The first train ran between Bori Bunder and Thane on 16 April 1853 with 400 passengers aboard 14 railway carriages, at 3:35 pm. It is said that the idea to connect Bombay with Thane and Kalyan occurred to Mr. George Clark, the Chief Engineer of the Bombay Government, on a visit to Bhandup in 1843.
However, Bhandup was not a part of Bombay until 1950, when the boundaries of the Bombay municipal corporation were extended up to Andheri on the western side and Bhandup on the eastern side.[citation needed]
Demographics
Bhandup falls within the S-ward, as defined by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. The population of Bhandup has risen exponentially in the last twenty years.
The majority of residents of Bhandup are Hindus by religion. The dominant language is Marathi. Although a large percentage of the residents are natives of Maharashtra, in the last few decades, there has been a huge influx of non-native residents into Bhandup, reflecting the trend witnessed for Mumbai as a whole.[citation needed]
Economy
Industry
According to the 2001 census, there were 12,380 industrial establishments in Bhandup (S-Ward), providing employment to 36,921 residents of Bhandup. The rest of the employed populace are employed outside the limits of the S-ward.
One of the first industries to start in this area was Crompton Greaves in 1937, currently in Kanjur Marg. Currently, almost all of the industries in Bhandup are in Bhandup West, including CEAT Tyres, Asian Paints Ltd, BASF, and the Indian Smelting And Refining Company Limited. Apart from these big companies, there are several small-scale manufacturing units all over Bhandup West.
The presence of a large number of industries, coupled with large traffic flows throughout the day, led to Bhandup's air is one of the worst in Mumbai in 1999. However, several of the polluting industries have moved out of Mumbai since, leading to slightly better air quality.
Bhandup has Asia's biggest water filtration plant. The eastern sections of Kanjurmarg and Nahur blend into Bhandup without clear demarcation.
Retail
In recent years, several mall construction projects have been initiated in Bhandup. One reason for Bhandup being a prime location for malls is its proximity to affluent areas like Powai and Mulund. In the past few years, several industries in Bhandup have shifted or started shifting out of Mumbai, rendering vast tracts of land vacant. These land-plots are being used for the construction of huge residential complexes, in turn, providing the customer base for these malls.[citation needed]
Dreams the Mall, being developed by Satra Properties, is one of the biggest malls in Bhandup. It is located close to Bhandup Railway Station. Neptune Magnet Mall is a shopping mall that is part of a satellite township, Living Point, comprising six towers of 22 stories each being developed by Neptune group. Some of the other malls in the area include the Leo Mall and a shopping space being developed by HBS Centrix.
Transport
Bhandup is connected with the rest of the city through the road network. The arterial road of Bhandup West is the Agra Road i.e. L.B.S. Marg, while Bhandup East is flanked by the Eastern Express highway. Four buses (numbers 144, 453, 545 and 603), however, pass through Bhandup East, as the area is relatively sparsely populated. There is also a special bus service in the mornings for female commuters, going from Bhandup to Andheri. There is also a special State Transport Bus service in the morning which run between Bhandup and CWC (Navi Mumbai) and Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport Corporation runs a bus (route no 144) through Bhandup East which plies between Andheri East and Airoli.[citation needed]
Bhandup is also a railway station on the Central Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network,[citation needed] between KanjurMarg and Nahur.[citation needed]
Schools
There are over 35 schools in Bhandup. Most of these schools are affiliated with the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education.[citation needed]
Colleges
Bhandup has five major accredited colleges, out of which two are in Bhandup (East) and three in Bhandup (West). All of them are affiliated to the University of Mumbai.[citation needed] The breakup is as follows:
Sports
Football
Bhandup has several Football clubs which are members of the Mumbai District Football Association (MDFA), including the Sunday Boys Football Club, the GKW Rangers, Ushanagar Youth CluB, DATAR CHAMP'S Football Club (DC), Samarth Garden Football Club (S.G.F.C), UshaComplex Football club (U.C.F.C). And Gunners Football Club and GN Boys and Loss Fc and Satya Vijay Football Club (SVFC),Bhandup Sports Academy(BSA).[citation needed]
Bhandup also has its own football association called the Bhandup Suburb Football Association (BSFA).[citation needed]
Cricket
Bhandup has several cricket clubs.
Social organisations
There are several social organizations in Bhandup of which Sarvajanik Pooja Samiti Bhandup village east, founded in 1946, is the oldest, followed by Adrash Sports Club (1956), followed by Vijay Krida Mandal, Shree Saibhajan Sanskrutik Mandal (Bhandup), Vikas Mandal, Sai Vihar, Prajapita Brahma Kumaris Ishwariya Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jeevan Vidya Mission and the Rotary Club of Mumbai Bhandup.[citation needed]
Notable people | cb988878-4d30-4998-816e-a7d35e30e021 |
null | Football club
E-Land Puma FC is defunct South Korean semi-professional football club. The club was officially founded in December 1992, by the E-Land.
The club played in the Korean FA Cup in 1996 and 1997 against top division teams.
Honours
Domestic
Amateur
Notable players | 2d559875-47fd-472e-a214-7ffcbfe93fd9 |
null | Tamil Nadu Cement Corporation Limited (TANCEM) (Tamil: தமிழ் நாடு சீமைக்காரை கழகம் வரையறுக்கப்பட்டது) is a state-government undertaking of Government of Tamil Nadu located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It manufactures cement, AC sheets, hollow blocks, concrete and other building materials.
History
TANCEM Products
Tamil Nadu Cement Corporation Limited (TANCEM) has four vertical business:
TANCEM Operation
Cements Plants
Tamil Nadu Cement Corporation Limited (TANCEM) has 2 cement plants: Alangulam Cement Works and Ariyalur Cement Works.
Alangulam Cement Works:
Ariyalur Cement Works :
Asbestos Sheet Plants
Alangulam Asbestos Sheet Plant:
Stoneware Pipes Plants | d81798d3-8c56-4253-a968-d0f9ceed3b66 |
null | Australian rugby league footballer
Eric Sladden was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played for South Sydney and North Sydney in the NSWRL premiership as a winger.
Playing career
Sladden made his first grade debut for South Sydney in 1956. In 1957, Sladden scored five tries in a match against Parramatta at Cumberland Oval. Sladden holds this record with other Souths legends including Harold Horder and John Graves. After a successful spell at Souths, Sladden joined North Sydney and spent six seasons with the club including being a member of two finals campaigns, the first being in 1964 when Norths reached the finals for the first time in a number of years before losing to Balmain and in 1965 when the club finished second on the table only to bow out in consecutive finals matches. Sladden retired at the end of 1967. | 042fe26e-438f-4925-a9b2-351691ebf454 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_the_Assumption"} | School in Miami, Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States
Academy of the Assumption was a Catholic all-girls school that was located on Biscayne Bay in Miami, Florida, United States.
Built in 1943 and closed in 1976, it was run by the Religious of the Assumption. The school's last principal was Sr. Therese Margaret Duross R.A. After being closed, the facilities were sold. Most buildings have since been demolished, replaced by luxury high-rise condominiums that dot the area's skyline. However, some buildings are still standing and in use. The Assumption Chapel remains active, now a part of St. Jude Melkite Catholic Church.
Notable alumni
Sources | c6996266-c832-47fb-8109-168255aae80f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sr%C4%91a_Popovi%C4%87_(lawyer)"} | Srđa M. Popović (pronounced [sr̩̂d͜ʑa pǒpoʋit͜ɕ]; 24 February 1937 – 29 October 2013) was a Yugoslav lawyer and political activist.
Early life
Srđa Popović was born on 24 February 1937 in Belgrade to his mother Dana and father Miodrag (1907-1987), a lawyer who represented repressed communists in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia during the interwar period and later continued his practice in the communist Yugoslavia. Popović has an older sister Gordana who also became a lawyer.
Popović self-identified as a Yugoslav from an early age: "During World War II, my parents sent me away to a village near Mladenovac to stay with their friends because there was no electricity and running water in Belgrade. One night we huddled around a burning stove when a group of Chetniks barged in. One of them I guess had kids of his own so he sat me down on his lap and asked me if I'm a Serb. I answered 'no, I'm a Yugoslav'. I've always been a Yugoslav. First things I learned in life were my own name, the name of the street I live in, and that I'm a Yugoslav".
Law career and political activism
In 1961, following in his father's footsteps, Popović got his law degree from the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Law and immediately began working in his father's law office that had been in operation since 1933. The Belgrade-based law office eventually got renamed Popović, Popović, Samardžija & Popović once Srđa and his sister Gordana joined their father as partners; the fourth partner was Petar Samardžija.
Srđa Popović began his career representing commercial clients and later writers, artists and politicians that criticized the government of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. One of the first political clients he defended was Predrag Ristić a.k.a. Peđa Isus who together with painter Leonid Šejka started a magazine and then attempted to establish a political party under Mihajlo Mihajlov's guidance. Though such course of action wasn't explicitly prohibited in the recently promulgated 1963 Yugoslav Constitution, any such attempts were swiftly cut down in the rigid one-party system of SFR Yugoslavia under the Communist League (SKJ) rule. Furthermore, the individuals behind such attempts at challenging the SKJ monopoly on political activity were immediately taken to court on trumped up charges. On this particular occasion, Ristić, Šejka, and Mihajlov were fortunate since not long after their sentencing the so-called Ranković affair exploded, and after Ranković got cleared of all charges against him, the prison term for the three of them was also abolished by president Tito. In Popović's own words: "Tito very much tried to keep up appearances to the West that his Yugoslavia was not like those people's democracy countries so the act of founding a political party was not constitutionally forbidden nor was it punishable by the criminal code. Of course, anyone who actually dared to do that, and there were some over the years, was quickly silenced through repression and the political activity for their newly established party was rendered impossible. It wasn't until the 1974 Constitution that founding a political party was made explicitly forbidden".
In March 1976, Popović was sentenced to a year in prison for "maliciously spreading false information and causing public disorder" by introducing evidence in support of client Dragoljub S. Ignjatović's claim that Yugoslav economic policies were unsuccessful. The case was publicized by legal and human rights groups and 106 leading American lawyers petitioned Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito requesting that Ignjatović be freed. Signatories included Ramsey Clark, Telford Taylor, and Cyrus Vance amongst others. In May, his sentence was suspended by an appeals court though he was restricted from practicing law for one year.
Post-Tito years in SFR Yugoslavia
In 1981 Popović defended future Croatian President Franjo Tuđman and in 1982 a future top aide to Bosnian President Alija Izetbegović.
In 1984, he was poised to defend a number of the Belgrade Six, a group charged with arranging meetings for "abolishing the existing government." The case drew international attention given the meetings were held publicly and for numerous years and due to Yugoslavia's actions toward Popović. Amid preparing his case, he was designated as a potential witness by prosecutors and as a result was ineligible to represent them under Yugoslav law.
Popović later became a part of numerous petitions amongst which urged to abolish verbal offence, to remove the death penalty, to adopt an amnesty law, and to create a multiparty system. At various points in his career he defended:
Starting a news magazine and EU lobbying
In 1990, alarmed by what he considered to be SR Serbia's president Slobodan Milošević's extreme nationalism as well as the level of popular support he enjoyed, Popović created Vreme, a weekly magazine that became one of the prominent independent publications. Vreme's first issue came out on Monday, 29 October, featuring, among the political and social topics, Popović's speech from the meeting of the Serb and Croat intellectuals that took place several days earlier at the University Professors' Club (Klub sveučilišnih nastavnika) in Zagreb. Prefacing his presentation by relaying a personal observation that since he didn't feel he possessed the intellectual authority of a man of science only meant he's addressing the gathering as a 'Serb', making his stance just one of 8 million possible views, Popović opined that the meeting came too early since, according to him, "Serbs and Croats hadn't yet gone through enough soul-searching that would make them into political peoples, a mandatory prerequisite for a dialogue between nations". He continued that this was due to the circumstance that "just like the hundreds of millions of Europeans, Serbs and Croats went through the trauma of World War II, but then continued straight into another trauma — communism — a bloody experiment of social-political engineering that forcibly stopped their natural and organic development". He continued: "Both as individuals and peoples, we went through extended violence and humiliation. We experienced physical eradication, slave-like exploitation, breaking of our spine, and washing of our brain. Kočevski Rog, Bleiburg, Goli Otok, collectivization and buyout, summary executions of political opponents after gaining power, the terror of UDBA and SDB — all of them crimes, and the corpses are rising to the surface almost daily. Instead of collectively cancelling our membership in communism, we must, each nation respectively within itself, face one another. I'm not advocating anti-communist retribution, but until Serbs and Croats face their own selves, until they experience their own historical catharsis some of which predates 1945, they won't return to history, to regular time, and to the international community. The system was not only based on repression, but also, especially in its latter stages, on collaboration, corruption, intellectual capitulation, stupidity, and conformism".
In the same year Popović led the Independent Commission for Investigating the Exodus of Serbs from Kosovo and published a report that argued there was little to support claims that mass physical abuse and rape against Kosovo Serbs were to blame for their emigration which had at the time been a part of public discourse in Kosovo. It argued that rather a "model of domination" set up by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia was the primary cause.
Also, in the second part of 1990, the Federal Executive Council president (Yugoslav prime minister) Ante Marković offered Popović to lead his newly established Reform party's (SRSJ) branch for SR Serbia, a political post that would entail facing off against Slobodan Milošević and his Socialist party at the upcoming 1990 Serbian general election. Popović turned down the offer of direct political engagement, instead taking the lobbying position as head of the European Movement's Yugoslav branch he helped create in order to promote European integration and the idea of Federal Europe.
In 1991, Popović observed that the human rights of Kosovo Albanians are "systematically and brutally violated" and that "apart from that they are subjected to racist propaganda of a kind that is inconceivable in a state that claims to protect minorities."
Relocation to New York at the start of the Yugoslav Wars
In late June 1991, he left Serbia citing that "manhood there is increasingly based on how willing you are to kill another" and pursued legal work in New York City. The day he left the country coincided with the beginning of the Ten-Day War in Slovenia, itself coming two days after Slovenia declared independence from SFR Yugoslavia. In New York, Popović mostly dealt with intellectual property cases involving patents, trademarks, and authors' rights in American law firms that he previously consulted for while practicing law in Yugoslavia. For a while he entertained the idea of studying and taking exams that would eventually allow him to practice law in the United States, but eventually decided not to.
In 1993 and 1994, he served as a member of the Advisory Board of the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in New York. In 1993, the American Bar Association awarded him the Rule of Law award.
Discussing his life in New York, Popović said: "I never stopped keeping tabs on things back home. Personally, I felt like my life ended. War, the country disintegrated, I lost the job that I worked for so many years, the only thing I had left was raising my children. There was a newsstand on the 42nd Street that sold Večernje novosti and Vreme and I'd go there every day to get the paper and read it cover to cover. I was well informed. I also had contacts with numerous human rights organizations such as the Human Rights Watch and UN Human Rights Committee that asked for my input on the situation once they found out I'm in New York. In the beginning, the information coming out of the Balkans was unclear, incomplete, and misinterpreted. Yugoslavia was low on their list of priorities. Germany was uniting, USSR was disintegrating, we were the last item on the priority list. I never turned down invitations to speak at meetings and lectures that were being held everywhere from schools, churches and city chambers. People from all over the former Yugoslavia would come and I always used my participation to insist on the establishment of the international war crimes tribunal".
Signing a petition asking Bill Clinton to bomb Serb positions
In September 1993, upon Russian poet Joseph Brodsky's invitation, Popović joined about 100 other figures in petitioning American President Bill Clinton to utilize air strikes against the Serb positions in Bosnia or even Serbia in order to diminish their efforts in Bosnia and Herzegovina. He stressed they should be warned that "forced changes of the borders or ethnic cleansing, whether organized by Serbia in Croatia or Bosnia and Herzegovina, or by Croatia in Bosnia, will not be tolerated, let alone recognised". Following this he was criticized for "national treason".
Responding to such criticism Popović said in early 1994: "Well, I'm a lawyer, so technically yes, I am committing an act of treason under Serbian laws. But I distinguish between the interests of the Serbian state and the Serbian people and I think these interests are opposed at this moment. The military defeat of the Milošević government is in the best interest of the Serbian people. It is something that every good Serbian patriot should wish for. I don't think I betrayed my people". Pressed further to clarify his position on the ramifications of such an act such as an implication that a violent foreign intervention can solve certain political problems, like the problem of an armed Serb secession from Bosnia-Herzegovina, or from Croatia, as well as his position on the inevitable civilian death toll if such an action is to occur, Popović said: "I think that's an unfair question. If I see somebody trying to murder somebody else, of course my duty is to try to stop him. I'm not saying that by doing so and applying violence to the situation, I'm actually trying to help those people lead a good life. I don't know what they will do once they leave the scene. What I see Serbs doing in Bosnia is committing an act of aggression against a state that has been recognized by United Nations, and I see them committing genocide. I think that both of these things should be stopped. Of course, stopping it would not solve the problem of how these people will live next to each other in the future, but first you have to stop the crimes. The international community has an obligation to do so, under the Genocide Convention and the United Nations Charter. They have an obligation to use force to stop aggression, and to stop genocide. In any armed conflict there will be civilian casualties. Unfortunately, that's something that can't be avoided. But I don't think that this fact should prevent the international community from doing what they are obliged to do under the international law: stopping the aggression, stopping the genocide. It sounds nice to advocate peaceful means, but it is not realistic. I return to this parallel: If you see some big guy beating a kid in the street, it would be very good if you could go to him and say 'Please stop this, you shouldn't be doing this, it is uncivilized. This poor guy cannot defend himself.' No, if that doesn't work, you call the police, who have to use violence. At this point in history you have to revert to violence to stop crime." Asked whether he signed the particular petition because of the circumstances rather than principally thinking that such measures solve problems, Popović said: "I'll go even further. I signed this document knowing perfectly well that this will never happen. I did it as a gesture to show that I realized who's the main culprit in the Yugoslav conflict. And I wanted to express my opinion that this government would deserve it, even though it will never happen".
Speaking in 2013 about the 1993 petition, shortly before his death, Popović said: "I signed a letter that was sent to Clinton asking for some sort of limited intervention against the official Belgrade like bombing the airports from which the planes are taking off for Bosnia. I didn't entirely agree with the letter as a whole, but I thought that some form of intervention had to happen in accordance with the convention on the genocide prevention".
Popović believed that Serbia was primarily responsible for the dissolution of Yugoslavia: "The disaster was started by Milošević with the help of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). I don't think that all three sides are equally responsible for the beginning or that all three sides are equally guilty of war crimes. I think Milošević and the JNA (which was a formidable force) started the war. And the worst and most numerous war crimes were committed by the Serbian side". He further argued it was not a civil war, but rather "from the start an international conflict, because Serbia, according to its own constitution, became an independent state on 28 September 1990, ie more than a year before Slovenia's and Croatia's own proclamations of independence on 8 October 1991".
During the winter of 1996–97 Popović visited Serbia for the first time since moving to New York City, taking in the months-long protests led by the five-party Zajedno coalition (that included his ex-wife Vesna Pešić's party, the Civic Alliance) over alleged election theft at the November 1996 municipal elections. In July 1997, amid Zajedno's breakup, Popović observed the anti-Milošević energy of a few months earlier slowly petering out, admonishing the opposition as well as the Serb nation in general for not being courageous enough to condemn the Serbs' leading role in the Bosnian War by stating: "The people are sunk in their passivity because they know they are guilty, they know the lies they took in – they know they triumphed when Sarajevo was bombed. As a nation they have lost all self-respect." He also claimed that "when Milošević tried to rule the Communist Party (SKJ), he destroyed it, then by creating the war, he destroyed Yugoslavia. Now he's trying to destroy what is left of Yugoslavia."
In 1999, Popović expressed support of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia to stop the ethnic cleansing in Kosovo.
Return to Serbia
Popović returned to Belgrade in 2001 after the overthrow of Milošević. Explaining why he decided to come back rather than remain living in New York, he said: "My children had grown, completed their schooling, I saw they no longer needed me. I spent my entire life here, this is what I know. I communicate with these people much easier as similar things interest us. No one in America cares about Tuđman and Milošević".
He associated himself with the group gathered around the Peščanik radio programme, airing at the time on Radio B92, and the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights' Serbian chapter led by Sonja Biserko. Popović commented that Milošević was not "removed by the street [demonstrators], but by the international community with the help of certain circles in the country," stating it was "some kind of agreement."
He continued being an outspoken observer of Serbian politics and Serb society in general. In a May 2008 interview, following the Serbian parliamentary election, he used the fact that the Serbian Radical Party (SRS) of Vojislav Šešelj, Tomislav Nikolić, and Aleksandar Vučić received 1.2 million votes as a starting point for a wider comment on Serbian society: "Political parties aren't the problem in Serbia. The problem here is the society that votes for those parties. I can't even begin to image what those million people that voted for SRS are like. We need to face the fact we live in a country where 50% of the population is semiliterate, uninformed, and poisoned by the media outlets with nontransparent ownership structure so that we don't know who's financing them. When a person like that gets out to vote, I'm convinced they don't have the slightest clue who it is they're really voting for. Democracy makes sense only when you've got an economically independent and well informed voter, someone who has the information and is capable of thinking. Simply counting up the votes without really knowing what's behind them is stupidity. I'm sorry, but in Serbs we have the same people that elected Slobodan Milošević on multiple occasions. Big electoral numbers do not impress me at all".
Legal involvement in the Đinđić assassination case
In November 2010, Popović, acting as the legal representative of Mila Đinđić and Gordana Đinđić-Filipović, assassinated Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić's mother and sister, respectively, filed a criminal complaint against former Special Operations Unit (JSO) members Milorad Ulemek, Dušan "Gumar" Maričić, Zvezdan Jovanović, Veselin Lečić, Mića Petraković, Dragoslav "Dragan" Krsmanović, and Dragoš Radić, as well as former Yugoslav president Vojislav Koštunica and former Security Administration head Aco Tomić. Popović's criminal complaint accuses the four JSO members of "organizing the November 2001 JSO rebellion against the Serbian government in cooperation with the late Dušan Spasojević, head of the Zemun Clan". Popović's criminal complaint further accuses then president of FR Yugoslavia, Vojislav Koštunica, of "failing to use the constitutional powers in order to quell the rebellion" while then Military Security Admin head Aco Tomić is accused of "providing the JSO commander with guarantees that the Yugoslav Army (VJ) won't do anything about the rebellion". Asked why Đinđić's widow Ružica isn't a party to or signatory of the criminal complaint, Popović said Đinđić's mother and sister contacted him for legal action, while his wife didn't: "I asked my two clients, Đinđić's mother and sister, if I should make the text of the criminal complaint available to his wife to sign, but from their answer I understood there are issues between them that I don't want to go into".
In September 2011, following the leak of Miloš Simović's (a Zemun Clan member sentenced to 30 years for his role in the assassination of Zoran Đinđić before later getting a retrial due to being tried in absentia the first time) summer 2010 written testimony in front of the Serbian Prosecutor's Office for Organized Crime in which Simović names an individual nicknamed "Ćoki" and "Ćoravi" as the person who ordered Đinđić's murder, Popović told Podgorica's Radio Antena M that "it's clear that nicknames Ćoki and Ćoravi refer to Nebojša Čović", former politician and current Red Star Belgrade basketball club president. Čović rubbished Popović's claims. The same day, 20 September 2011, Serbian police took three former JSO members in for questioning — Veselin Lečić, Mića Petraković, and Vladimir Potić (two of them were named in Popović's November 2010 criminal complaint) — as part of its investigation on the 2001 JSO rebellion. Serbian Minister of Justice at the time, Snezana Malovic, said she "hoped that this is the beginning of the process of providing answers about the open questions in regards to the assassination of Zoran Đinđić".
Several months later in mid December 2011, Popović went further, filing, as the legal representative of Đinđić's mother and sister, a criminal complaint against Nebojša Čović and Velimir Ilić for the "criminal act of encouraging a criminal act of murder of the representative of the highest state institutions".
Talking about his motivation to get involved in the legal proceedings stemming from the assassination of Zoran Đinđić, Popović said in 2013: "First off, I defended Đinđić before. Client always remains a client. To me he symbolizes the 1968 protests, which I see as emancipatory and freeing. I thought him to be a pleasant person, not to mention being intelligent and trying to do something for this country from a minority position with Prometheusesque awareness he probably won't succeed. That's what killed him. The position that the state took was both shameful and scandalous, and I'm not saying I've proven the guilt of Koštunica, Čović, and Aco Tomić, but I think that many facts warrant at least their investigative questioning".
In 2012, he criticized the anniversary of the founding of Republika Srpska as attempts to rehabilitate its former president Radovan Karadžić and military leader Ratko Mladić. He also criticized attempts by Serbian authorities to rehabilitate Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović stating he was "justly convicted of collaboration and war crimes" and that he "in the name of the same ideology, ethnic cleansed Bosnia of its Muslims, just as Mladić did 50 years later".
Personal
Popović married Vesna Pešić during the early 1960s. In 1962, the couple had a son Boris before divorcing several years later. She would go on to become a prominent public figure in Serbia with a political career that included several MP terms as well as a seven-year GSS party leadership and an early 2000s ambassadorial stint in Mexico.
By the mid 1970s, Popović married architect Natalija Arežina, having three daughters, Dunja, Višnja, and Cveta, and a son Luka with her. | 6aac68f8-983d-4c31-b79f-93dc1b9c224d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin_Highway_70"} | State Trunk Highway 70 (often called Highway 70, STH-70 or WIS 70) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It runs east–west in northern Wisconsin from a shared terminus with WIS 101 at US Highway 2 (US 2) and US 141 near Florence to a connection with Minnesota State Highway 70 (MN 70) at the St. Croix River five miles (8.0 km) west of Grantsburg in Burnett County. It serves the communities of Grantsburg, Siren, Spooner, and the resort areas of Minocqua, Woodruff and Eagle River along its route. WIS 70 is the third-most northern route to almost completely cross Wisconsin (after US 2 and WIS 77), stretching from Minnesota to within four miles (6.4 km) of the Michigan border.
Route description
The highway begins at a bridge over the St. Croix River as a continuation of MN 70, running east from it. At Grantsburg, the highway intersects WIS 87/WIS 48. The highway continues east from there, curving slightly south to avoid Mud Hen Lake before running northeast to meet WIS 35 in Siren. It then runs concurrently with WIS 35, running north from Siren before leaving the concurrency at a roundabout. The highway then runs east, passing through intersections with County Trunk Highway X (CTH-X), CTH-H, and CTH-O. It then passes through an intersection with US 63 in Spooner and an interchange with US 53 east of Spooner.
The highway then continues running east before curving north through Stone Lake to reach WIS 27, with which the highway runs concurrently. It then passes through the Lac Courte Oreilles Reservation, where the highway starts following the Couderay River, and the village of Couderay before reaching WIS 40 in Radisson, where it starts following the Crooked Rapids, and the end of the WIS 27 concurrency in Ojibwa, where it stops following the Crooked Rapids. The highway then curves north, intersecting with CTH-B, CTH-GG, and CTH-M south of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest. It then intersects with WIS 13 before entering the Riley Lake Wildlife Management Area, where the highway runs before exiting it and running east and concurrently with US 51 in Woodruff. In 2014, the Average Annual Daily Traffic on the highway west of US 51 was 4776, down from 5168 in 2008.
In Woodruff, the highway intersects WIS 47 and leaves the US 51 concurrency in Arbor Vitae, Wisconsin. It then runs east, intersecting with WIS 155 before following the Wisconsin River to Eagle River, where it runs concurrently with US 45. It then enters the Headwaters Wilderness, intersecting WIS 55 and running concurrently with WIS 139 within it. After exiting the wilderness, the highway continues east, intersecting and running concurrently with WIS 101 before terminating at US 2 in Florence.
History
In 1914, much of the current route was unbuilt, though a section between Woodruff and Eagle River and a section east of Grantsburg had been constructed. In 1917, a short stub connecting WIS 35 to Grantsburg was assumed and designated as WIS 70. By the early 1920s, the highway had been extended east to WIS 32 (by 1935 part of US 45) in Eagle River. Throughout the 1920s and into the 1930s, the highway was the same and continued to be unpaved along the entire route. In 1931, the highway was extended west to a toll bridge over the St. Croix River. In 1934, a section of the highway northeast of Eagle River was designated. In 1935, the highway was paved in some sections. Between 1948 and 1956, the highway was extended east to Florence and the original section northeast of Eagle River had been redesignated as part of WIS 17.
Major intersections | d8a4359c-a624-4472-b9d4-36c35c52451a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Brooks"} | American politician
Mary Elizabeth Thomas Peavey Brooks (November 1, 1907 – February 11, 2002) was an American politician. She directed the United States Mint from September 1969 to February 1977.
Early life and education
Mary Elizabeth Thomas was born to John W. Thomas and Florence (Johnson) Thomas on November 1, 1907, in Colby, Kansas. Her parents moved to Gooding, Idaho, in early 1909 when she was 14 months of age. Her father was a rancher and banker; he was appointed a U.S. Senator from Idaho twice (following the deaths of Frank R. Gooding in 1928 and William Borah in 1940).
An only child, Thomas graduated from Gooding High School in 1925, and attended Mills College in Oakland, California, then a two-year women's school. She transferred to the University of Idaho in Moscow in 1927, where she was a member of the Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority, and received her bachelor's degree in economics in 1929.
Marriages
She met her first husband, Arthur Jacob "Art" Peavey, Jr. of Twin Falls, while they were students at the University of Idaho. He was a member of Phi Delta Theta fraternity and also graduated in 1929. He drowned in a boating accident on the Snake River in 1941 and wasn't found for ten days, which left her a widow in her early thirties with two young children. A short time later her mother died, so she moved her family to Washington, D.C., where her father was serving in the U.S. Senate.
Her second husband, C. Wayland "Curly" Brooks, was a U.S. Senator from Illinois. They were married in May 1946 for eleven years, until his death from a massive heart attack in 1957. After he left the Senate in January 1949, they had lived in the Chicago area.
Brooks took over her father's Idaho sheep ranch after his death in 1945 and ran it until her son took it over in 1961. He said "She was just as much at home with rancher as she was with presidents."[citation needed] Her Idaho license plate read "MTN MARY".[citation needed]
Idaho Senate
Brooks was elected to the Idaho State Senate in 1964, and served until 1969, when she was named to head the U.S. Mint by President Nixon in September. Her son, John Peavey, was appointed to her seat in the state senate and served for all but two of the next 25 years. (He lost the Republican primary in 1976, then won the seat back as a Democrat in 1978.) A failed attempt at lieutenant governor in 1994 marked the end of his political career.
Director of the United States Mint
President Nixon appointed Brooks director of the U.S. Mint, the third woman named to the post. She oversaw the first production of the Eisenhower dollar coin, as well as the design of the Bicentennial quarter, half dollar, and dollar coins for the United States Bicentennial.
She is credited with saving the original San Francisco Mint building, known as the "Granite Lady," by transferring it to the Treasury Department. The building, one of the few to survive the Great Earthquake of 1906, had been vacant since 1937 and fallen into disrepair. It is now both a National Historic Landmark and a California Historical Landmark. Brooks received the "I Left My Heart In San Francisco" Award in 1974 from the San Francisco Convention and Visitors Bureau for her preservation efforts.
During Brooks' tenure as Director of the Mint, she famously led a tour of the U.S. Bullion Depository at Fort Knox, Kentucky for members of Congress and the news media on September 23, 1974. As of 2012[update], this tour still is the only time that the inside of the USBD has been seen by members of the public.
In addition, Brooks was awarded the American Numismatic Association's Medal of Merit in 1988, and was the first woman to receive the United States Treasury Department's highest honor, the Alexander Hamilton Award. She was inducted into the University of Idaho Alumni Association's Hall of Fame in 1970. The university also conferred upon her an honorary doctorate in 1999.
Death
Brooks died in 2002 at age 94 in Twin Falls. She was survived by a son, John Peavey (b. 1933), of Carey, and a daughter, Elizabeth Ann "Betty" Eccles (1936–2004), of McCall, and six grandchildren and eight great-grandchildren.
Video | 5f278847-fac7-4115-898e-b7d704790fcb |
null | English politician
Sir Reynold Braybrooke (c.1356-20 September 1405) was an English politician.
Life
Braybrooke was the son of Gerard Braybrooke I and brother of Gerard Braybrooke II. His wife was Joan, daughter of John de la Pole.
Career
In January 1404, Braybrooke was MP for Kent.
Death
Braybrooke died of a battle wound on 20 September 1405. His wife remarried several times; both their sons had predeceased him. | 55c0d780-b8c3-4988-a7f8-2a391c61705a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijiao,_Guangdong"} | Town in Guangdong, China
Beijiao (simplified Chinese: 北滘镇; traditional Chinese: 北滘鎮; pinyin: Běijiào Zhèn) is a town in the district of Shunde, in the prefecture-level city of Foshan, Guangdong, China. The town covers an area of 92 square kilometers, and has a permanent population of about 420,000 people.
Administrative divisions
The town is divided into 10 residential communities and 10 administrative villages.
Residential communities
Administrative villages
Economy
As of 2019, Beijiao's GDP was ¥64.5 billion, and grew at 7.3% annual rate. The town exported ¥83 billion worth of goods. Beijiao's tax revenue in 2019 totaled ¥14.03 billion.
The headquarters of Midea Group and Country Garden are both located in Beijiao. DJI also has a presence in the city.
Near Beijiao, there is the static inverter plant of HVDC Tianshengqiao-I Dam.[citation needed]
Healthcare
The town has a hospital.
Transportation
Road
The Foshan First Ring Expressway [zh] runs through Beijiao.
Rail
The town has two stations on the Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway: Beijiao Station and Bijiang Station. In the future, the town will also be connected to Guangzhou Metro Line 7, Foshan Metro Line 3, Foshan Metro Line 11 [zh], and the Guangzhou–Foshan circular intercity railway.
Port
The town has a port, which processes about 330,000 containers annually. | c0cb4be4-b66d-4adc-a59d-f514aea02b10 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia_Pfister"} | Swiss squash player
Nadia Pfister (born 18 September 1995 in Basel) is a Swiss professional squash player. As of February 2018, she was ranked number 96 in the world and the best female Swiss player on the world tour of this year. She has represented Switzerland internationally, for example at the European Squash Team Championships. | 38a52119-1a7a-4385-82bc-ca8f35f2dff5 |
null | Genus of fungi
The Exoteliospora is a monotypic genus of smut fungi in the family Melanopsichiaceae containing the single species Exoteliospora osmundae. | 57b0faf9-0f09-4d8f-8b9c-83017f3a5509 |
null | Christian charism
In Christian theology, cardiognosis (literally Knowledge of the Heart) is a special charism that God confers on some saints. In Christian asceticism, the term Cardiognosis also indicates the ascetical methods and meditation techniques which have the purpose of reaching an inner state of mystical experience and, eventually, the charisma of Cardiognosis.
Cardiognosis as a supernatural gift
Cardiognosis, meaning Knowledge of the Heart in a metaphysical sense, is only used in Scripture as an attribute of the Deity, to God's knowledge of man's heart, never some special knowledge men have deep in their own hearts. Indeed, all knowledge, or thought, is biblically referenced as residing in "the heart," and nowhere else ("May the words of my mouth and the meditations of my heart...(Ps. 19:14)"; "As a man thinks in his heart... (Prov. 23:7)"]. The term is found twice in the New Testament, both times in Acts, and does not appear in the Septuagint.
1: 24 ["Lord, knower of all hearts (cardiognosta)"] καὶ προσευξάμενοι εἶπαν, Σὺ κύριε, καρδιογνῶστα πάντων, ἀνάδειξον ὃν ἐξελέξω ἐκ τούτων τῶν δύο ἕνα. 15: 8 ["the heart-knowing (cardiognostes) God] καὶ ὁ καρδιογνώστης θεὸς ἐμαρτύρησεν αὐτοῖς δοὺς τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον καθὼς καὶ ἡμῖν.
Also of relevance is Proverbs 27:19:
Quomodo in aquis resplendent vultus prospicientium, sic corda hominum manifesta sunt prudentibus.
The Ascent of Mount Carmel by John of the Cross is informative. See II.26,13, and chapter 26 in general:
SII.26,14 es de saber que estos que tienen el espíritu purgado con mucha facilidad naturalmente pueden conocer, y unos más que otros, lo que hay en el corazón o espíritu interior, y las inclinaciones y talentos de las personas; y esto por indicios exteriores, aunque sean muy pequeños, como por palabras, movimientos y otras muestras. Porque, así como el demonio puede esto, porque es espíritu, así tambien lo puede el espiritual, según el dicho del Apóstol (1 Cor. 2:15) que dice: Spiritualis autem iudicat omnia: El espiritual todas las cosas juzga. Y otra vez (1 Cor. 2:10) dice: Spiritus enim omnia scrutatur, etiam profunda Dei: El espíritu todas las cosas penetra, hasta las cosas profundas de Dios. De donde, aunque naturalmente no pueden los espirituales conocer los pensamientos o lo que hay en el interior, por ilustración sobrenatural o por indicios bien lo pueden entender. Y aunque en el conocimiento por indicios muchas veces se pueden engañar, las más veces aciertan. Mas ni de lo uno ni de lo otro hay que fiarse, porque el demonio se entremete aquí grandemente y con mucha sutileza, como luego diremos; y así siempre se han de renunciar las tales inteligencias (y noticias).
The supernatural gift of Cardiognosis leads the saint, who received it, to establish in his heart an inner dialogue and an inner knowledge of God. This mystical experience is often described by Christian saints as the perceiving of the Inner Light of Christ.
Cardiognosis as an ascetical method
The term Cardiognosis is also used to indicate the ascetical methods and meditations which lead to the Knowledge of the Heart. In the Bible, the gift of Cardiognosis is indicated in the speech on the Mountain (Matthew 5:8) "Blessed are the pure of heart for they will see God".
In the hesychast tradition, Cardiognosis is treated in most of the texts of Philokalia (Gk. φιλοκάλειν To Love the Beautiful) as a continuous prayer to God. The same experience is described in another, much shorter, well-known book called The Way of a Pilgrim, in which a Russian traveler learns to pray continuously repeating the name of Jesus.
Cardiognosis in new movements and thoughts
The practice of Cardiognosis has been revived by Tommaso Palamidessi (founder of the Archeosophical Society). Welding the hesychast tradition and the Christian theology with the eastern techniques of yoga meditation, Tommaso Palamidessi developed a new practice of Cardiognosis. This meditation technique is deeply treated in his essay The Mystical Ascesis and Meditation on the Heart. According to the archeosophical teachings, cardiognosis is a method that will establish the experimenter's intelligence illuminated by the Intelligence of Christ in the heart. This technique, according to Palamidessi, will bring to experiment the vision of the Inner Light and constitutes a soft and danger-free way to the awaking of kundalini. | 7050ec88-4a98-4da3-8c7e-a3b99a93c0ef |
null | Glacier in Antarctica
Lensen Glacier (72°18′S 166°48′E / 72.300°S 166.800°E / -72.300; 166.800Coordinates: 72°18′S 166°48′E / 72.300°S 166.800°E / -72.300; 166.800) is a tributary glacier that flows northeast to enter Pearl Harbor Glacier just east of Mount Pearson, in the Victory Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the New Zealand Federated Mountain Clubs Antarctic Expedition (NZFMCAE), 1962–63, for G.J. Lensen, a member of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1957–58, that worked in the Tucker Glacier area. | 61732205-5f53-456a-82ed-5b9257f84c16 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_tearing"} | Visual artifact in video display
Screen tearing is a visual artifact in video display where a display device shows information from multiple frames in a single screen draw.
The artifact occurs when the video feed to the device is not synchronized with the display's refresh rate. That can be caused by non-matching refresh rates, and the tear line then moves as the phase difference changes (with speed proportional to difference of frame rates). It can also occur simply from lack of synchronization between two equal frame rates, and the tear line is then at a fixed location that corresponds to the phase difference. During video motion, screen tearing creates a torn look as edges of objects (such as a wall or a tree) fail to line up.
Tearing can occur with most common display technologies and video cards, and is most noticeable in horizontally-moving visuals, such as in slow camera pans in a movie, or classic side-scrolling video games.
Screen tearing is less noticeable when more than two frames finish rendering during the same refresh interval since that means the screen has several narrower tears, instead of a single wider one.
Prevention
Ways to prevent video tearing depend on the display device and video card technology, software in use, and the nature of the video material. The most common solution is to use multiple buffering.
Most systems use multiple buffering and some means of synchronization of display and video memory refresh cycles.
Option "TearFree" "boolean": disable or enable TearFree updates. This option forces X to perform all rendering to a backbuffer prior to updating the actual display. It requires an extra memory allocation the same size as a framebuffer, the occasional extra copy, and requires Damage tracking. Thus enabling TearFree requires more memory and is slower (reduced throughput) and introduces a small amount of output latency, but it should not impact input latency. However, the update to the screen is then performed synchronously with the vertical refresh of the display so that the entire update is completed before the display starts its refresh. That is only one frame is ever visible, preventing an unsightly tear between two visible and differing frames. Note that this replicates what the compositing manager should be doing, however TearFree will redirect the compositor updates (and those of fullscreen games) directly on to the scanout thus incurring no additional overhead in the composited case. Also note that not all compositing managers prevent tearing, and if the outputs are rotated, there will still be tearing without TearFree enabled.
— From Intel open source GPU driver, https://manpages.debian.org/buster/xserver-xorg-video-intel/intel.4.en.html
Vertical synchronization
Vertical synchronization is an option in most systems in which the video card is prevented from doing anything visible to the display memory until after the monitor finishes its current refresh cycle.
During the vertical blanking interval, the driver orders the video card to either rapidly copy the off-screen graphics area into the active display area (double buffering), or treat both memory areas as displayable, and simply switch back and forth between them (page flipping).
Nvidia and AMD video adapters provide an 'Adaptive Vsync' option, which will turn on vertical synchronization only when the frame rate of the software exceeds the display's refresh rate, disabling it otherwise. That eliminates the stutter that occurs as the rendering engine frame rate drops below the display's refresh rate.
Alternatively, technologies like FreeSync and G-Sync reverse the concept and adapts the display's refresh rate to the content coming from the computer. Such technologies require specific support from both the video adapter and the display.
Complications
When vertical synchronization is used, the frame rate of the rendering engine gets limited to the video signal frame rate. That feature normally improves video quality but involves trade-offs in some cases.
Judder
Vertical synchronization can also cause artifacts in video and movie presentations since they are generally recorded at frame rates significantly lower than the typical monitor frame rates (24–30 frame/s). When such a movie is played on a monitor set for a typical 60 Hz refresh rate, the video player misses the monitor's deadline fairly frequently, and the interceding frames are displayed slightly faster than intended, resulting in an effect similar to judder. (See Telecine: Frame rate differences.)
Input lag
Video games, which use a wide variety of rendering engines, tend to benefit visually from vertical synchronization since a rendering engine is normally expected to build each frame in real time, based on whatever the engine's variables specify at the moment a frame is requested. However, because vertical synchronization causes input lag, it interferes with the interactive nature of games, and particularly interferes with games that require precise timing or fast reaction times.
Benchmarking
Lastly, benchmarking a video card or rendering engine generally implies that the hardware and software render the display as fast as possible, without regard to monitor capabilities or resultant video tearing. Otherwise, the monitor and video card throttle the benchmarking program, causing invalid results.
Other techniques
Some graphics systems let the software perform its memory accesses so that they stay at the same time point relative to the display hardware's refresh cycle, known as raster interrupt or racing the beam. In that case, the software writes to the areas of the display that have just been updated, staying just behind the monitor's active refresh point. That allows for copy routines or rendering engines with less predictable throughput as long as the rendering engine can "catch up" with the monitor's active refresh point when it falls behind.
Alternatively, software can instead stay just ahead of the active refresh point. Depending on how far ahead one chooses to stay, that method may demand code that copies or renders the display at a fixed, constant speed. Too much latency causes the monitor to overtake the software on occasion, leading to rendering artifacts, tearing, etc.
Demo software on classic systems such as the Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum frequently exploited those techniques because of the predictable nature of their respective video systems to achieve effects that might otherwise be impossible. | a33af163-95e5-45e3-a138-03146163b5c6 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yntymak_(political_party)"} | Political party in Kyrgyzstan
Yntymak (Kyrgyz: Ынтымак; lit. 'Cohesion') is a pro-Japarov political party in Kyrgyzstan.
According to the preliminary results of the 2021 parliamentary election, the party came in third with 10 seats. | a62e3d4b-7807-4771-98a2-d6e2f3b5344d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Macdonald_(writer)"} | Welsh journalist and novelist
Tom Macdonald (1900–1980) was a Welsh journalist and novelist, whose most significant publication was his highly evocative account of growing up in the north of Cardiganshire (now Ceredigion) in the years before the Great War, which was published in 1975 as The White Lanes of Summer.
Biography
Thomas Macdonald was born on 22 November 1900 at Llanfihangel Genau'r Glyn in Cardiganshire, the son of John Macdonald (1860–1938), a tinker of Irish descent, and his second wife Ada Jones (1878–1946). He spent his early childhood in a small cottage in the village, before moving with his family first to Pen-y-garn and then going on to live in nearby Bow Street. According to his father the family name was actually MacDonnell, but had been inadvertently changed to Macdonald by the local registrar of births and deaths.
Although his background was Catholic, he was deeply influenced by the Welsh Calvinistic Methodism of the community in which he lived.
Tom Macdonald was initially educated at Rhydypennau Board School and then at Ardwyn Grammar School in Aberystwyth, before going on to study at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth., but, before he could graduate, his mentor died. He then embarked on a forty-year career as a newspaper journalist, first at the Cambrian News, Aberystwyth, then the Western Mail and the Daily Express. He later worked in China and Australia, before returning to Wales during the Great Depression. In 1939, he and wife, Eileen, travelled to South Africa where he eventually became chief reporter and news editor at The Sunday Times in Johannesburg, South Africa because childhood illnesses prevented him from joining up to take part in the Second World War.
Tom Macdonald’s first book was entitled Henry and Songs of Nature (1920), and was written in memory of his younger brother who died aged seven in 1913. He later went on to publish six novels in English: Gareth the Ploughman (1939), The Peak (1941), Gate of Gold (1946), The Black Rabbit (1948), How Soon Hath Time (1950), and The Song of the Valley (1951) all set in Wales; together with two works dealing with South African current affairs and recent history: Ouma Smuts: The First Lady of South Africa (1946), Jan Hofmeyr: Heir to Smuts (1948), and The Transvaal Story, the last a compilation of articles written about his travels around the province and characters he had met (1961). He also wrote a number of short stories, which were published in several English language magazines, especially in Argosy.
His memoirs, written over a number of years whilst in South Africa, were first published in a Welsh translation with the title Y Tincer Tlawd (1971), before being finally published in English as The White Lanes of Summer (1975). He later claimed that this was “nearer to my heart than anything I have written”. He went on to publish two other non-fiction works, one in English: Where Silver Salmon Leap (1976), and the other translated into Welsh: Gwanwyn Serch (1982), which contained more memories of his childhood and was a sequel to Y Tincer Tlawd. A further novel was published in Welsh with the title Y Nos Na Fu (1974), whilst his first English novel was also translated into Welsh as Croesi’r Bryniau (1980).
In 1962, Tom Macdonald initially retired to the South Coast [Natal, South Africa], but spurred by ill health and hiraeth (nostalgia - Welsh), finally returned to Bow Street, Ceredigion in 1965, briefly living at Plas Cwmcynfelyn before settling at ‘Y Nyth’ in Capel Bangor. He died at his home on 9 February 1980 aged 79 years.
Bibliography
Macdonald, Tom (1975). The White Lanes of Summer. Macmillan, London. ISBN 0-333-17975-7 | 789f1386-ee11-40ea-b127-e065f91db99f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orophus"} | Genus of cricket-like animals
Orophus is a small genus of katydids native to Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Description and habitat
Katydids in this genus have an elongated head with ovoid eyes. The ovipositor is medium-sized, slightly crenulated, curving upwards, and one fifth of the length of the posterior femur. They are found in the understory rather than in the canopy in contrast with other members of the subfamily Phaneropterinae.
Taxonomy
The group was originally named in 1859 by Swiss entomologist Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure as a subgenus of Phylloptera. It was erected as a separate genus in 1869 by British entomologist Francis Walker. It is in the tribe Amblycoryphini within the subfamily Phaneropterinae. The type species is Orophus mexicanus (originally Phylloptera mexicana). Other genera with species previously placed in Orophus include Eurycorypha and Microcentrum.
As of 2019[update], the genus includes seven species split into three species groups:
Species group Orophus mexicanus
Species in this group are light green to yellowish in coloration.
Species group Orophus ovatus
This species group has variable coloration.
Species group Orophus tessellatus
Species in this group are quite variable in their coloration and the density of the spots on the forewings, ranging from light to dark green, yellow, pink, or brown. | 01cbcce4-6923-4dca-aac7-11fe808f70e6 |
null | Yagudin (Russian: Ягудин) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include: | 2e637a53-f74c-4054-b29e-1cfe49eda315 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayrouz_Aboelkheir"} | Egyptian squash player
Fayrouz Aboelkheir (born 4 March 2006) is an Egyptian squash player. She won the Egyptian Challenger Tour #1 professional tournament. | d27042b0-58e9-4409-b19b-23a8ab586036 |
null | American sportswriter and author
Bryan Ellis Burwell (August 4, 1955 – December 4, 2014) was an American sportswriter and author. He joined the St. Louis Post Dispatch in 2002, after leaving HBO's Inside the NFL, where he worked as a sports correspondent. Burwell also worked in radio as a co-host on CBS Sports 920 in St. Louis, Missouri, on weekday afternoons and as on-air talent at 101 ESPN Radio, also in St. Louis. Burwell was featured on two ESPN programs, Jim Rome is Burning and The Sports Reporters.
Burwell co-wrote and hosted a documentary on the baseball's Negro leagues titled, The Color of Change. He recounted, in the documentary, the trials and tribulations of the baseball league built by racism and its ultimate demise. The documentary featured interviews with Buck O'Neil, Jackie Joyner-Kersee and Hall of Famer Ozzie Smith for the St. Louis Post Dispatch.
Burwell died at the age of 59 on December 4, 2014 from melanoma, a type of cancer, leaving behind a wife, Dawnn and daughter, Victoria. Burwell was a native of Washington D.C, but raised in Lanham, Maryland. He attended Duval High School and is a 1977 graduate of Virginia State University where he pledged Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity.
Awards and recognition
Bibliography | 256c679a-c474-402f-a796-c81051b554d5 |
null | Doyle Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
Topics referred to by the same term | 1ed1e9a5-447a-4e63-bd81-042c485b42ce |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geordie_Shore_(series_15)"} | Season of television series
The fifteenth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, was confirmed on 8 August 2017 when a teaser video was released. The series began on 29 August 2017, and concluded after nine episodes on 17 October 2017. This was the final series to include Scotty T and Marty McKenna after they were both axed from the show, as well as original cast member Gaz Beadle following his decision to quit.[citation needed] The series also featured the brief return of Elettra Lamborghini, when the cast jetted off to Rome. The series included further twists in Aaron and Marnie's turbulent relationship, a newly single Gaz getting cosy with Abbie, as well as Chloe and Nathan's friendship facing its biggest strain to date. It also features the group visiting Rome, and Aaron taking part in his debut MMA fight in Birmingham.
Cast
Duration of cast
= Cast member is featured in this episode.
= Cast member voluntarily leaves the house.
= Cast member returns to the house.
= Cast member leaves the series.
= Cast member is removed from the series.
= Cast member features in this episode, but is outside of the house.
= Cast member does not feature in this episode.
= Cast member is not officially a cast member in this episode.
Off screen exits
Episodes
Ratings | bb576910-04c7-4632-b55e-af58a5a6772c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismutite"} | Bismuth carbonate mineral
Bismutite or bismuthite is a bismuth carbonate mineral with formula Bi2(CO3)O2 (bismuth subcarbonate). Bismutite occurs as an oxidation product of other bismuth minerals such as bismuthinite and native bismuth in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and typically occurs as earthy to fibrous masses.
It was first described in 1841 for an occurrence in Saxony.
The term bismuthite has been used in the past for bismuthinite. | 79794a97-0c29-481e-a8e4-05ec978d8c71 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feyzabad,_Dehaj"} | Village in Kerman, Iran
Feyzabad (Persian: فيض اباد, also Romanized as Feyz̤ābād) is a village in Khabar Rural District, Dehaj District, Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 27, in 4 families. | 6105dff6-b8a0-4aa8-89d3-bb70866aa070 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Tau_Wai"} | Residential area of Kowloon region, Hong Kong
Ma Tau Wai (Chinese: 馬頭圍, originally 碼頭圍, historically 古瑾圍) is an area in the Kowloon City District, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It was originally a walled village (Cantonese: Wai) between present-day Argyle Street and Prince Edward Road West, east of present-day St. Teresa's Hospital.
The area of Ma Tau Wai is not as well-defined as the original village, as the geographic features have been lost. The Ma Tau Wai Road in To Kwa Wan does not pass through Ma Tau Wai proper, although it was originally intended to. Ma Tau Wai is sometimes referred to the area south of Argyle Street and north of To Kwa Wan.[citation needed]
The public housing estate Ma Tau Wai Estate is named after the area / the original village.
Other landmark of the areas
Hong Kong's Notre Dame College is in Ma Tau Wai.
New Asia College, one of three founding colleges of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, was located near Tin Kwong Road (天光道) and Farm Road. After the college moved to Ma Liu Shui, Sha Tin, New Asia Middle School was founded at the former campus. | 091925b7-976a-4bb8-b913-07f6bdb1ca28 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmine_Maggiore,_Palermo"} | Church in Italy
The church of the Carmine Maggiore is a Roman Catholic church located on Piazza Carmine in front of an open market in the city of Palermo, region of Sicily, Italy.
History
A church at this site appears to date to the 13th-century with the arrival of monks from the Carmelite order, who had left the Holy Land circa 1235. A church at the site was rebuilt over the centuries. Gothic tracery in one of the chapels likely derives from an earlier church. The facade and present structure derives from a construction that took place from 1627 to 1693.
The layout is that of a Latin cross with a central nave and two aisles. The nave is flanked by 12 columns made from stone from Billiemi. The ceiling was frescoed by Giovanni Patricolo. Niches on the pilasters of the dome hold four statues by Vincenzo Messina: St Elias, John the Baptist, Jonah, and Moses. The exterior of the dome, tiled with maiolica is supported on the outside by telamons. The chapel of the Madonna del Carmine was stuccoed by Giacomo Serpotta. | c5753a9f-c95b-4b32-baf8-1084cdd991b4 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Cyber-shot_DSC-F717"} | The Sony Cybershot DSC-F717 is a bridge digital camera, introduced by Sony in September 2002.
Overview
F717 features the same 5.0 megapixel CCD sensor and 38–190 mm equiv. Carl Zeiss Vario-Sonnar lens as its predecessor, the 2001 DSC-F707. Major changes / improvements over the F707 include:
F717 retained all distinctive features from F707, such as:
The F717 was succeeded by DSC-F828 in August 2003.
Defective batches
Some very early production units may experience inaccurate focus with Laser Hologram on. Sony admitted the problem as a minor design flaw, and offered free examination and repair service. Serial numbers of potentially affected units were also announced. According to Sony, it is fixable by correcting a wrong parameter with Sony factory adjustment software. The fix was only performed at Sony service centers.
Around 2004–05, many F717 users reported CCD-related defects. It was later confirmed that many Sony CCDs made from late 2002 to early 2004 suffer from a large-scale manufacturing defect. Interestingly, the aforementioned first-run units seem to be immune to this failure, as they used CCDs built from old production techniques. As a remedy, Sony offered free CCD replacements for affected units till 2007, and in some countries, till 2010. This recall would cover units with expired warranty. | 0ac9e472-e6e3-459e-995d-65508490f433 |
null | Atanasije I (Serbian Cyrillic: Атанасије I) was the Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch, head of the Serbian Orthodox Church from 1711 until 1712.
Before he became Serbian Patriarch, Atanasije served as Metropolitan of Skopje, from 1706, under Serbian Patriarch Kalinik I. That was a very prominent position, so when old patriarch died in 1710, Atanasije was elected as his successor in 1711. His seat was in the Patriarchal Monastery of Peć.
As new Serbian Patriarch, he strengthened ties with newly created Metropolitanate of Krušedol, an autonomous ecclesiastical province of Serbian Patriarchate of Peć in Habsburg monarchy. His rule was not long, since he died on 23 April 1712.
Sources | e0254c51-119f-48cd-8c15-8db931d3520c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Law_Oliver"} | Ruth Law Oliver (May 21, 1887 - December 1, 1970) was a pioneer American aviator during the 1910s.
Biography
She was born Ruth Bancroft Law on May 21, 1887 to Sarah Bancroft Breed and Frederick Henry Law in Lynn, Massachusetts.
She was inspired to take up flying by her brother, parachutist and pioneer movie stuntman Rodman Law (1885–1919), with whom she challenged herself to physically keep up during their childhood.
She was instructed by Harry Atwood and Arch Freeman at Atwood Park in Saugus, Massachusetts, having been refused lessons by Orville Wright because, according to Law, he believed that women weren't mechanically inclined, but this only made her more determined, later saying "The surest way to make me do a thing is to tell me I can't do it." She was an adept mechanic. She received her pilot's license in November 1912, and in 1915 gave a demonstration of aerobatics at Daytona Beach, Florida, before a large crowd. She announced that she was going to "loop the loop" for the first time, and proceeded to do so, not once but twice, to the consternation of her husband, Charles Oliver.
In 1915 she participated in a publicity stunt for baseball's Grapefruit League. Dodgers manager Wilbert Robinson and outfielder Casey Stengel heard that Law had been dropping golf balls from the sky for a nearby golf course and decided that a similar stunt would be good for publicity. On March 13, 1915, Law flew with Stengel on board (though, later, Stengel would recant his role in the tale, saying it was team trainer) ready to drop the baseball to Robinson's waiting mitt. But instead of a baseball, a grapefruit was flung out the plane, either as a prank or by mistake. The fruit shattered on impact, covering Robinson in the "ooze and goo" and making him believe he was injured and covered with blood. Fortunately, this was not the case, but a popular legend is that this incident was how the Grapefruit League earned its nickname.
In the spring of 1916, she took part in an altitude competition, twice narrowly coming in second to male fliers. She was furious, determined to set a record that would stand against men as well as women.
Her greatest feat took place on 19 November 1916, when she broke the existing cross-America flight air speed record of 452 miles (728 km) set by Victor Carlstrom by flying nonstop from Chicago to New York State, a distance of 590 miles (950 km). The next day she flew on to New York City. Flying over Manhattan, her fuel cut out, but she glided to a safe landing on Governors Island and was met by United States Army Captain Henry "Hap" Arnold (who changed her spark plugs in the Curtiss pusher), who would one day become Commanding General of the United States Army Air Forces. President Woodrow Wilson attended a dinner held in her honor on 2 December 1916.
After the United States entered World War I in April 1917, she campaigned unsuccessfully for women to be allowed to fly military aircraft. Stung by her rejection, she wrote an article entitled "Let Women Fly!" in the magazine Air Travel, where she argued that success in aviation should prove a woman's fitness for work in that field.
After the war, she continued to set records. After Raymonde de Laroche of France set a women's altitude record of nearly 13,000 feet (3,962 m) on 7 June 1919, She broke Laroche's record on 10 June, flying to 14,700 feet (4,481 m). Laroche, in turn, broke Oliver's record on 12 June, flying to a height of 15,748 feet (4,800 m).
On a morning in 1922, Law woke up to read with surprise an announcement of her retirement in the newspaper; her husband had tired of her dangerous job and had taken that step to end her flying career, and she acquiesced to his demand.
She attributed a 1932 nervous breakdown to the lack of flying, having settled down in Los Angeles, spending her days gardening.
In 1948, Law attended a Smithsonian event in Washington, D.C. celebrating the donation of the Wright brothers' Kitty Hawk plane, despite Orville Wright's earlier refusal to teach her. Notwithstanding her accomplished career in aviation, she traveled by train.
She died on December 1, 1970, in San Francisco. She is buried in Pine Grove Cemetery in Lynn, Massachusetts. | d161cfcf-375f-4b10-8850-250099574225 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_Green_Party"} | Kansas affiliate of the Green Party
The Kansas Green Party is an independent political party in Kansas. It is the Kansas state affiliate of the Green Party of the United States. The party meets in Topeka, Lawrence, and Kansas City.
Elections
2020
Green Party presidential nominee Howie Hawkins' name did not appear on the general election ballot; however, Kansas was one of five states in which voters could write-in his name. As a write-in candidate, the Hawkins-Walker ticket received 669 votes in the state. In an interview during the campaign, Hawkins argued that in Kansas, among other traditionally Republican states, the Green Party had the potential to be "the second party starting out" because of Democrats' underperformance, and that in such states it's in Green candidates' best interest to "run as a Green on the full program".
Ballot access
2019
In 2019, a bill was introduced into committee in the Kansas legislature to reduce the number of signatures required for third parties to attain ballot access, by halving the number of required signatures and doubling the length of time in which to collect them. The Kansas Green Party supported the bill, with party co-chair Nick Blessing observing that ballot access grants third parties the ability to run candidates for many different offices without petitioning for each individually, and pointing to the fact that nearly 60 state House seats had been uncontested in the last election.
2021
In February 2021, the Kansas Green Party announced that, starting on April 22, 2021, they would begin the process of petitioning for party status. This made the party the second since 1998 to start the petition process, and the first since 2011.
Presidential nominee results
List of chairs | e54564f4-30c7-44db-b479-1721b8b77e3e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Abdulov"} | Soviet and Russian actor
Aleksandr Gavrilovich Abdulov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Гаври́лович Абду́лов; 29 May 1953 – 3 January 2008) was a Soviet and Russian film and stage actor, film director, screenwriter and television presenter. People's Artist of the RSFSR (1991).
Biography
Aleksandr Abdulov went to school from 1960 to 1970, and upon graduation wanted to become a sportsman. However, Abdulov's father encouraged his son to act, and Aleksandr Abdulov starred in About Vitya, about Masha and the Sea Force, 1974. In 1975 he graduated from GITIS and was hired by Lenkom Theater director Mark Zakharov.
Aleksandr Abdulov appeared in several films in the 1970s. In 1977 he was in the TV version The Twelve Chairs, directed by Mark Zakharov. In 1978 he became a celebrity after his role in An Ordinary Miracle. In 1979 Abdulov appeared in The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed with Vladimir Vysotskiy. That year he also had roles in Do not part with the Loved Ones and The Very Same Munchhausen.
During the early 1980s, he was considered a sex symbol. In 1982 he performed in Look for a Woman, Magicians and The Woman in White. In 1982, he was given a role in The House That Swift Built (a film about Jonathan Swift) as Dr. Simpson. In 1984 Abdulov was in The Formula of Love and, the following year, In Search for Captain Grant. He also performed in The Most Charming and Attractive and Naval Cadets, Charge!.
Aleksandr Abdulov then went on to play in Desyat Negrityat (based on Agatha Christie's mystery novel Ten Little Indians) in 1987 and To Kill a Dragon in 1988. The next year he had a role in Black Rose Is an Emblem of Sorrow, Red Rose Is an Emblem of Love.
Abdulov was in Genius, The House under the Starry Sky (both made in 1991) and "Gold" (1992). During the 1990s he mostly worked in the Lenkom Theatre. In 2000 he performed in Still Waters and The Christmas Miracle with Chulpan Khamatova. In 2002 he appeared in the TV series Next (the title is the actual English word), where he played a Russian oligarch. He reprised the role in the sequel "Next 2" (2003). The following year he was in About Love.
In 2005, Abdulov had roles in the TV series Anna Karenina and The Master and Margarita. In 2006 he directed the play One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest at the Lenkom and played the lead character of Randall P. McMurphy (played by Jack Nicholson in the American film). He also had an appearance in the film Attack on Leningrad.
Attitude to the mass media
In the last years of his life, Abdulov had extremely tense relations with the mass media, especially the tabloids. He vehemently resented all false information about him and hated those unscrupulous journalists who tried to pry into his personal life. On Man and Law, aired on Russia's Channel One, Abdulov said once that he owned a licensed gun and he would not hesitate to shoot any trespasser who dared to enter the territory of his dacha during his forthcoming birthday party.
Marriages
Aleksandr Abdulov was married three times. His first marriage was to Irina Alfyorova, by whom he had a stepdaughter, Ksenia Alfyorova. His second wife was Galina, a theatre administrator. In 2006 he married Julia Miloslavskaya, who gave birth to their daughter Eugenia in 2007.
Health problems and death
Abdulov was a smoker throughout his adult life. In August 2007, the actor experienced health problems, supposedly an ulcer. However, in September of the same year he was diagnosed with lung cancer in an Israeli clinic. .
He was last seen in public in mid-December 2007 at an awards ceremony at the Kremlin, where Vladimir Putin awarded the actor with the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class.
He died on 3 January 2008, aged 54.
Honors and awards
Selected filmography | fc35251d-4a9c-45b9-b919-306779da837e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Copa_del_Rey_Final"} | Football match
The 2019 Copa del Rey Final was a football match played on 25 May 2019 that decided the winner of the 2018–19 Copa del Rey, the 117th edition of Spain's primary football cup (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). The match was played at the Estadio Benito Villamarín in Seville between Barcelona and Valencia.
Valencia won the final 2–1, achieving their 8th title overall and ending their trophy drought winning their first major trophy since 2008.
Background
Barcelona were competing in their 41st Copa del Rey final, extending the competition record, and had won a record 30 titles prior. They were the reigning champions, having defeated Sevilla 5–0 in the 2018 final. The match was their sixth consecutive final, extending the record they set in the previous season, and were seeking a fifth consecutive title, a feat never accomplished before (only Real Madrid and Athletic Bilbao have also previously won four titles consecutively).
Valencia were competing in their 17th Copa del Rey final, and would go on to win their 8th title. Their last title win had come in the 2008 final defeating Getafe 3–1.
In reaching the final, both teams were assured qualification for the four-team 2019–20 Supercopa de España.
Route to the final
Match
Details
21:00 CEST
Benito Villamarín, Seville
Attendance: 53,698
Referee: Alberto Undiano Mallenco | dbb47b16-e46a-4f8d-86fb-eff278a8508f |
null | Paine House may refer to the following places: | 4d614fa3-88b3-4a2f-ba13-aac7dc55c9cc |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_Your_Manners_(Pearl_Jam_song)"} | Pearl Jam song
"Mind Your Manners" is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. It was released on July 11, 2013 as a digital download as the lead single from their tenth studio album Lightning Bolt. Writing for The Globe and Mail, Brad Wheeler said the song was "lean, swift and punishing". Pearl Jam guitarist Mike McCready said "It's my attempt to try to make a really hard edge-type Dead Kennedys-sounding song". Singer Eddie Vedder's lyrics criticize organized religion, which Vedder considers hypocritical for their intolerance and "so many of the things which have come out of those organizations– like the abuse of children and then its cover-up."
The song was played live for the first time at their show in London, Ontario, Canada, on July 16, 2013. The video for the song directed by Danny Clinch was released on August 23, 2013. Bassist Jeff Ament brought fellow Missoula, Montana resident Andy Smetanka to do the animation for the video.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Release history | 247597f5-b733-4f11-9062-41823b56fbe4 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Taste_(Ty_Segall_album)"} | 2019 studio album by Ty Segall
First Taste is the twelfth studio album by American musician Ty Segall. It was released on August 2, 2019 under Drag City.
The first single from the album, "Taste" was released June 4, 2019. In support of the album, Segall and The Freedom Band announced a tour of the US through July to October 2019, and then a European tour after October.
Critical reception
First Taste was met with generally favorable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 79, based on 19 reviews
Accolades
Track listing
Charts | 3a7e0d9f-1964-4d2c-bf81-7d699a134c70 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luce_Memorial_Chapel"} | Coordinates: 24°10′44″N 120°36′02″E / 24.1787924°N 120.600518°E / 24.1787924; 120.600518
Church in Taichung, Taiwan
The Luce Memorial Chapel (Chinese: 路思義敎堂; pinyin: Lùsī Yì Jiàotáng) is a Christian chapel on the campus of Tunghai University in Xitun District, Taichung, Taiwan. It was designed by architects I. M. Pei and Chi-kuan Chen.
Name
The chapel was named in honor of the Rev. Henry W. Luce, an American missionary in China in the late 19th century and father of publisher Henry R. Luce.
History
The project was originally planned in April 1954 but put on hold until July 1960. Construction took place from September 1962 until November 1963. Construction costs totaled 125,000 USD.
Architecture
The chapel is located on a 3-acre zone in the center of campus, and is set on an irregular hexagonal base, providing 477 m² of gross floor area, including the 245 m² nave (with 500 seats), 81 m² chancel, and 44 m² robing rooms. The church itself is a tent-like conoid structure, with four warped leaves rising to 19.2 m high, establishing itself as a central landmark on campus.
The chapel was first conceived as a multi-planar, wooden structure, but the architects soon abandoned the idea of using wood due both to the humid environment and to seismic concerns. The form of four curved surfaces built with reinforced concrete was likely influenced by the design of the Philips Pavilion, designed by renowned architect Le Corbusier for the Brussels World’s Fair (known as Expo 58) in 1958. However, unlike the Philips Pavilion and other contemporary ruled-surface buildings of the era, Luce Chapel is not a thin-shell structure. The chapel’s planes are composed of lattice beams that gradually grow thicker as they descend. The structural concept might be influenced by that of the Yale University Art Gallery, completed in 1953 and designed by Louis Kahn, another noted architect of the time. The exterior of the Chapel is covered with yellow, glazed, diamond-shaped tiles echoing the diamond-shaped coffer beams on the building’s interior. The Chapel’s elaborate reinforced concrete formwork was created by local craftsmen. | 904a019f-142e-461d-8f0d-ef8beb74c57b |
null | The Rural Municipality of Roblin is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on November 15, 1902. It ceased on January 1, 2015 as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the Village of Cartwright to form the Cartwright – Roblin Municipality.
The former RM is located in the Pembina Valley Region of the province along the border of the state of North Dakota in the United States of America. According to the Canada 2006 Census, the former RM had a population of 964.
Geography
According to Statistics Canada, the former RM had an area of 716.15 km2 (276.51 sq mi).
Communities
Adjacent municipalities | d08fa011-38d8-47aa-ba2f-3bdd8f3d4c0f |
null | Mohammad al-Tobaishi was the former head of protocol at the royal court of the House of Saud.
Arrest
On 4 November 2017, Mohammad al-Tobaishi was arrested in Saudi Arabia in a "corruption crackdown" conducted by a new royal anti-corruption committee. This was done on authority of Crown Prince Mohammad Bin Salman.
Al-Tubaishi was reported released on 28 November 2017 after agreeing to pay authorities a sum, reported to be 6 billion Riyals, about 1,6 billion USD.
Controversy
A viral video on Twitter shared more than 150,000 times shows Mohammad al-Tobaishi slapping a photographer. Al-Tobaishi was head of royal protocol and the assailant in the video. Shortly after he was removed from his position. | 30087a5a-c603-4739-b40b-b8f504cdfd3c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaph_Hall_Jr."} | American astronomer
Asaph Hall IV (October 6, 1859 – January 12, 1930), known as Asaph Hall Jr., was an American astronomer. He was the son of Asaph Hall, who discovered the moons of the planet Mars. One of his brothers was Percival Hall.
Early life and education
Hall was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1859. He was the son of the astronomer Asaph Hall and the mathematician Angeline Stickney Hall. He grew up in Washington, D.C., where his father worked at the United States Naval Observatory. He attended the Columbian College in the District of Columbia (now George Washington University) and then Harvard University, where he received his undergraduate degree in 1882.
After graduation Hall became an assistant astronomer at the Naval Observatory from 1882-1885. In 1885 he went to Yale University as a graduate student and an assistant at Yale Observatory. Hall received his Ph.D. in 1889 from Yale University when he submitted his thesis explaining the mass of Saturn and the orbit of Titan. Because of a large difference between his father's measurement of the mass of Saturn at the Naval Observatory and that of Friedrich Bessel in Germany, Hall used the Yale heliometer to determine the mass of Saturn using the orbit of Titan when writing this thesis paper. His results confirmed Bessel's measurement. After receiving his PhD, Hall returned to the Naval Observatory until 1892, when he then took over the responsibilities as Director of the Detroit Observatory and professor of astronomy at the University of Michigan. One of his more notable students who he worked closely with at the Detroit Observatory through the University of Michigan was Harriet Williams Bigelow.
Subsequent career
During his time at the University of Michigan, he repaired the meridian circle and used it to do a determination of the constant of aberration. Hall made this determination with the newly repaired Meridian Circle, by examining zenith distances from Polaris. This was one of the crowning achievements of his career at the University of Michigan, both for his repairs performed on the Meridian Circle, which was in poor condition prior, and for the scientific impact his determination of the constant of aberration.
In 1905 he returned to the Naval Observatory, to continue his work in research using the meridian circle of the U.S. Naval Observatory. In 1908, Hall was promoted to Professor of Mathematics at the rank of Commander in the Navy, at which point he took over all equatorial research for the Observatory. Included in this, was his work on the orbits of planetary satellites using the 26-inch (66-cm) telescope, the great refractor of his father's discoveries. He retired in 1929 and died the following year. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. His career is used as an example in John Lankford's study of the sociology of astronomy.
Personal life
In 1897, Asaph Hall Jr. married Mary Estella Cockrell who he later had two children with, Katherine and Mary. Outside of his actual astronomical work, Hall also was influential in securing fair pay for the other workers around him at the U.S. Naval Observatory. In addition, Hall was very dedicated to expanding and improving the library of the Naval Observatory when he was not conducting his research. After retiring in 1929, Hall moved to Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, near the Flower Observatory operated by the University of Pennsylvania. There, he spent the remainder of his life working as a volunteer observer until his death on January 12, 1930. | bcad0d4e-f640-4989-915e-cc292b666897 |
null | The feather or feather step is a dance figure in the International Style foxtrot. Depending on a syllabus, it consists of three or four steps (man stepping basically forward), with the third step (right foot) done outside the lady (lady on the right side) with a slight turn in the body position to the right.
The step was first introduced in 1920 by G. K. Anderson.[citation needed]
The Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (ISTD) syllabus considers the fourth step that aligns the man with the lady into a normal dance position to be part of the feather step variation, while the International Dance Teachers Association (IDTA) syllabus does not.
The pattern and especially its distinctive part (steps 2 and 3) gave rise to several variations: | abe1726d-9a56-4c85-b54e-c43bb8b03d5c |
null | Breed of cat
The Bambino is a breed of cat that was created as a cross between the Sphynx and the Munchkin breeds. The Bambino cat has short legs, large upright ears, and is usually hairless. However, some Bambino cats do have fur. In 2005, The International Cat Association (TICA) registered Bambinos as an experimental breed.
Background
The first litter of Bambino kittens was registered in 2005 by The International Cat Association (TICA) as an experimental breed.
Bambino in Italian translates to "baby", referring to the cat's appearance of making it look like a kitten. The Bambino has short legs it inherits from the Munchkin, and huge upright ears, as well as having the hairlessness of the Sphynx.
Physical characteristics
The wrinkled hairless appearance and short legs are the breed's two most distinctive features. Though Bambinos can be coated with fur, this, however, is referred to as a "coated Bambino".
The back legs can be slightly longer than the front legs. The body is medium to long, with a broad chest and a well-rounded abdomen. Boning is medium. The whippy tail is in good proportion to the rest of the body. Some Bambinos can have a "lion tail"—a puff of hair on the tail tip. The head is a modified wedge with rounded lines, slightly longer than wide. As well as in the Sphynx, the cheekbones and whisker pads are very prominent. The whiskers are sparse and short. The chin is firm. The eyes are large, rounded, and wide spaced. The large ears are set upright, neither too low nor too high. The cat's size and physical qualities do not hamper its movements.[citation needed]
Their weight is typically 5 to 9 pounds (2.3 to 4.1 kg).
Coat and grooming
Even though some Bambinos appear hairless, they typically are covered with a fine downy fur. Their wrinkled skin feels like chamois or suede to the touch. Regular grooming is necessary to remove sebaceous secretions from the skin, and baths are recommended. If grooming and bathing aren't done on a regular basis, the Bambino can become excessively dirty, oily, and sticky to the touch and/or develop skin conditions.
The Bambino skin is vulnerable to temperature and sun, and they must be kept as an indoor cat. Contrary to popular belief, Bambino cats are not hypoallergenic.
Genetics and health
Bambino is called a mutation breed because it is a breed that requires both recessive mutations for the hairless gene, and dominant mutations for the dwarfed limbs. Mutation breeding can be disastrous to the health of the produced kitten, if not done by an experienced breeder.
Typically Bambino litters produce both kittens that resemble and do not resemble the parents, and which can result in litters of short-legged and long-legged kittens, as the Bambino genetics are heterozygous for the short leg gene.[citation needed] Bambino litters cannot produce furry kittens as the hairless gene is recessive, and so each bambino has two copies of the hairless gene.[citation needed]
Due to the concern of animal welfare, the breeding of Bambino cats is not legal in all countries. Some examples of Bambino breeding restrictions are Germany and the Federal German Animal Protection Act of 1999, and the Netherlands and the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA).
Health
Since the breed is new, more research needs to be done to confirm the presence or absence of possible genetic health issues. However, common health problems typical of the related Munchkin breed of cat are well-known, the most common being an above higher average of lordosis (excessive curvature of the spine) and pectus excavatum (hollowed chest).
The Bambino breed is prone to developing bacterial skin conditions and infections due to the hairlessness and skin folds, as well as an inability to regulate the oiliness of their skin. | 07ec8942-2983-4980-8c19-6476935b2357 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Thomas_Dougherty"} | American diplomat
J. Thomas Dougherty (born 1951) is an American diplomat. He was the United States Ambassador to Burkina Faso from 2010 to 2013. He is currently the Executive Director of the Australian-American Fulbright Commission, based in Canberra, Australia.
Biography
Dougherty is from Casper, Wyoming. He was nominated to be the ambassador of the United States to Burkina Faso by President Barack Obama on May 27, 2010 and confirmed by Congress on August 5, 2010. He presented his credentials on September 30, 2010, and served until September 30, 2013.
Dougherty retired as a member of the Senior Foreign Service at the U.S. State Department in July 2016 after a 27-year career. He served as Ambassador in Burkina Faso from 2010 to 2013, and then as Deputy Chief of Mission in Australia from 2013 to 2016. He was Minister-Counselor for Public Affairs at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, and served in the Bureau of African Affairs as Office Director for West Africa and then as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary. He was Deputy Chief of Mission in Kinshasa from 2004 to 2007 and in Lilongwe from 2001 to 2004. His overseas assignments as a public affairs officer with USIA and then State were in Yaoundé, Bonn, Asmara, Brazzaville, Jeddah, and Dakar. He is the recipient of multiple State Department awards and speaks French, German, Italian, and some Arabic.
Early life and education
Dougherty entered the Foreign Service after working as a dean and teacher in international schools in Belgium and in Switzerland, and as an editor and translator in Germany. His undergraduate degree from Brown University was followed by graduate work in California and at the Università per Stranieri in Perugia, Italy. He was awarded a Marshall Scholarship. He received a Fulbright grant for study in Indonesia, and a National Endowment for the Humanities fellowship to study the works of George Kennan. | 0db93a18-60f1-47de-ab0d-799d120f9d7e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Foix,_le_vieux"} | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pierre de Foix, le vieux.
Peter of Foix the Elder (Fr.: Pierre de Foix, le vieux) (1386 – 13 December 1464) was a French cardinal, created in 1409.
He was the son of Archambaud de Grailly, captal de Buch and Isabella, Countess of Foix.
He was a papal legate in Avignon (1433–1464) and Archbishop of Arles from 1450 to 1463.
He founded the Collège de Foix in Toulouse. | 26231871-aa79-4f28-81c7-1511b26091a6 |
null | Gankhak or Gonkhak (Persian: گنخك) may refer to: | bee86deb-384a-410c-8619-84e4e0f05c36 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Turkey_maritime_zones_dispute"} | Ongoing political dispute in the Mediterranean
The Republic of Cyprus (Cyprus) and Turkey have been engaged in a dispute over the extent of their exclusive economic zones (EEZ), ostensibly sparked by oil and gas exploration in the area. Turkey objects to Cypriot drilling in waters that Cyprus has asserted a claim to under international maritime law. The present maritime zones dispute touches on the perennial Cyprus and Aegean disputes; Turkey is the only member state of the United Nations that does not recognise Cyprus, and is one of the few not signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which Cyprus has signed and ratified.
Turkey claims a portion of Cyprus' EEZ based on Turkey's definition that no islands, including Cyprus, can have a full 200 nautical mile EEZ authorized to coastal states and should only be entitled to their 12 nautical mile territorial seas. Turkey's definition creates a dispute over the rights to waters south of Cyprus containing an offshore gas field. This definition is not shared by most other states. Furthermore, the internationally unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which was created as result of the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus, also claims portions of Cypriot EEZ. Cyprus and other countries including Israel, France, Russia and Greece view these claims on Cyprus' land and sea as illegal under international law and urge Turkey to refrain from illegal drilling for gas in the island's EEZ. The European Union has threatened Turkey with economic and political sanctions for violating the Cypriot EEZ.
Since Turkey does not recognise the Republic of Cyprus, there are no diplomatic relations between the two states. The Republic of Cyprus has refused to negotiate the maritime dispute and natural resources found in Republic of Cyprus' EEZ with the Turkish Cypriot leadership.
Chronology
Initial discoveries and agreements
The first discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean were made between June 1999 and February 2000 offshore Israel. In 2003 Shell made the first significant discoveries of gas, offshore Egypt.
In February 2003 an EEZ delineation agreement was signed between Republic of Cyprus and Egypt. TRNC responded by stating that they do not recognise the agreement.
In February 2004, after performing drillings in the area, Shell's Matthias Bichsel announced that ‘The drilling results have demonstrated that this ultra-deepwater area is a rich hydrocarbon province’.
In April of the same year, in two separate referendums, the Annan Plan was rejected by the Greek Cypriots, while accepted by the Turkish Cypriots. Regarding the maritime dispute, the acceptance of the Annan Plan would mean that after the solution the natural resources would be under the authority of the bicommunal Presidential Council. On May 1, Republic of Cyprus joined the European Union.
In January 2007 an EEZ delineation agreement was reached between Republic of Cyprus and Lebanon. However, it has not been ratified by the Parliament of Lebanon yet. Some argue that the reason is a dispute between Lebanon and Israel over their maritime borders, pressure from Turkey, the relations between Turkey and Lebanon, and a potential trade agreement between Lebanon and Turkey, which was eventually signed in 2010.
First Licensing Round and growing interest in the region
In May, 2007, the Republic of Cyprus announced the 1st Licensing Round Offshore Cyprus, for Blocks 1, 2, 4-12, which received 3 bids. In October, 2008, Noble Energy granted a Hydrocarbon Exploration Licence for Block 12.
In November 2008, vessels performing research activities in the Republic of Cyprus’ EEZ under contract with the Republic of Cyprus were intercepted by vessels of the Turkish Navy, and were asked to leave, as they claimed that their activities were conducted in areas under Turkish jurisdiction.
In January, 2009 the first big offshore discoveries were made in the Tamar 1, offshore Israel. Later, in March, 2009, new discoveries were made offshore Israel, at the Dalit 1 site.
In March, 2010, the US Geological Survey revealed that “the waters of the Levant Basin […] contain a mean of 122 tcf (3,455 bcm) of recoverable natural gas and 1.7 billion barrels of recoverable crude oil”, increasing the interest in the region.
Break in Turkish–Israeli relations and form of new alliances
On May 31 of 2010, the Mavi Marmara incident took place. In the Mavi Marmara or Flotilla incident, activists’ boats were blocked by Israeli forces in international waters, on their way to provide humanitarian assistance to Gaza. The Israeli soldiers were met with resistance while boarding the Mavi Marmara and opened fire, killing nine Turkish citizens. The incident resulted to the sudden end of all diplomatic relations between Turkey and Israel.
The deterioration of Turkish-Israeli relations, which reached its peak with the Mavi Marmara incident; in connection to the discoveries made in the Leviathan field offshore Israel, the greatest discoveries of gas made until then in the region, in October, 2010 and the new geopolitical realities in the Eastern Mediterranean; led to an “unprecedented political, military and energy cooperation” between Israel and Cyprus and Greece. In December 2010, an EEZ agreement was signed between The Republic of Cyprus and Israel, with Turkey reacting by questioning the Greek Cypriots’ willingness to achieve a solution to the Cypriot Problem, stating that they “ignor[e] Turkish Cypriots’rights”.
First explorations, reaction of Turkey and TRNC, and Eroğlu’s proposal
During September, 2011, Noble initiated the first exploratory drilling for Republic of Cyprus, in Block 12, with Turkey reacting by delineating their EEZ with TRNC. Turkish Prime Minister, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan described the action as a ‘reciprocal decision’ to the actions of Republic of Cyprus. During September, Turkish officials issued harsh warnings towards The Republic of Cyprus in several occasions. On September 22 and 23 of 2011, TPAO received exploration licences from the TRNC, including areas overlapping with blocks licensed by The Republic of Cyprus, and Turkish vessel Piri Reis began seismographic research south of Cyprus and near Noble's platform, accompanied by Turkish warships.
In September 2011, Turkish Cypriot leader Derviş Eroğlu submitted a proposal for mutual suspension of activities within the maritime space around Cyprus, or the cooperation between the two communities on hydrocarbons, on issues such as distribution of profits. Republic of Cyprus rejected Eroğlu's proposal, responding that “exploration and exploitation of our natural resources constitutes a sovereign right of the Republic of Cyprus. [...] Our sovereign right is not negotiable”.
In December 2011, Noble announced discoveries in Block 12, close to Israel's Leviathan. The discovered gas field, ‘Aphrodite’, was declared ‘commercial’ in June 2015.
Second Licensing Round and new proposal by Eroğlu
On February, 2012, Republic of Cyprus announced the 2nd Licensing Round, for 12 blocks, which received 15 bids. Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs in response stated that they would not allow activities in blocks 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, which Turkey also claims theirs, and would “take all necessary measures to protect its rights and interests in the maritime areas falling within its continental shelf”.
On September 29, 2012, a new proposal was submitted by the Turkish Cypriot side but was again rejected by the Greek-Cypriot side. The proposal included a bicommunal technical committee for natural resources and related agreements and revenues, with a chairman appointed by the Secretary General of the UN, and a pipeline transporting hydrocarbons through Turkey.
In January 2013, ENI-Kogas granted Hydrocarbon Exploration Licences for Blocks 2, 3 and 9, and on the following February Total granted Hydrocarbon Exploration Licences for Blocks 10, 11.
Barbaros and NAVTEX in Cyprus waters
On February, 2013, TPAO finalized the purchase of 3D seismic vessel Polarcus Samur, which was renamed RV Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa. Barbaros was used for explorations within Republic of Cyprus EEZ. In October 2014, Barbaros entered Republic of Cyprus’ EEZ, accompanied by Turkish warships. President of Cyprus Nicos Anastasiades reacted by withdrawing from the bi-communal negotiation process for the Cypriot problem, in protest for Turkey's violation of Republic of Cyprus’ sovereign rights.
In January 2015, Turkey issued a NAVTEX for the period between January and April, reserving areas in the Eastern Mediterranean that included parts of Republic of Cyprus's EEZ, while Barbaros conducted research in the region, in the presence of the Turkish navy. Negotiations for the Cypriot Problem resumed after Turkey's NAVTEX expired, in May, 2015, with newly elected Turkish Cypriot leader Mustafa Akinci.
Eastern Mediterranean Gas Pipeline
In May 2015, the European Commission grants €2 million to Eastern Mediterranean Gas Pipeline (EMGP), a proposed pipeline transferring gas from the Eastern Mediterranean to Europe through Greece, for pre-FEED studies. In January 2017, a study by Edison presented to the EU's Directorate-General for Energy described the project as ‘commercially viable and technically feasible’, while in January 2018, the Commission granted the project another €34.5 million for the FEED study and other expenses. In December 2018, a framework agreement regarding the project was signed between the governments of Israel, Republic of Cyprus, Greece and Italy.
Zohr and Third Licensing Round
In August, 2015, the biggest to-date discovery in the Eastern Mediterranean was made, within the EEZ of Egypt, in the Zohr gas field, by ENI. Zohr was found six kilometres away from Republic of Cyprus’ EEZ.
In February, 2016, the 3rd licensing round for Republic of Cyprus was announced, for Blocks 6, 8 and 10.
Turkey’s new NAVTEX and drillings
In March, 2017, Turkey announced their intention to proceed to exploration drillings in areas delimited by the Republic of Cyprus. In April, 2017, Turkey released a NAVTEX for maritime areas east of Cyprus, overlapping with the EEZ of the Republic of Cyprus, for Barbaros to perform seismic surveys between April and June, with Republic of Cyprus again protesting for Turkey's violation of its sovereignty and sovereign rights.
ENI’s discoveries and increasing tensions
In April 2017, ENI was granted Block 8, ENI/TOTAL granted Block 6, and Block 10 was given to a cooperative bid of Exxon and QatarEnergy. On February 8, 2018, ENI announced discoveries of lean gas within Republic of Cyprus's EEZ, in well ‘Calypso 1’ of Block 6, which is also claimed by Turkey.
Three days later, on February 11, 2018, ENI's drill ship was blocked by the Turkish navy on its way to perform drillings within Republic of Cyprus's EEZ, in Block 3, and the drilling was prevented, with the ship returning to the port two weeks later. The incident has been described as “the first (and only one until now) serious incident of military activity of this kind since the beginning of the Cypriot exploratory programme”.
In November 2018, Exxon Mobil started exploratory drillings in Block 10, in the Delphyne-1 well.
Barbaros seismic surveys, new discoveries, and Fatih’s drilling in Republic of Cyprus’ EEZ
In January 2019, Barbaros began a new round of seismic surveys within the EEZ of Republic of Cyprus, while the Turkish navy released a NAVTEX for military exercises within Blocks 7 and 8.
On February 28, 2019, ExxonMobil announced the largest to-date discoveries within the EEZ of Republic of Cyprus, at Glaucus-1, within Block 10.
In early May 2019, Turkish drilling ship Fatih 1 arrived west of Cyprus, in order to perform drillings, with Republic of Cyprus reacting by issuing arrest warrants for the staff of Fatih and accompanying ships.
On June 16, 2019, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu stated that Fatih began performing drillings, while also announcing the arrival of a second drilling ship in the region. Four days later, on June 20, Turkish drilling ship Yavuz began drillings northeast Cyprus, as announced earlier by Turkish officials. Republic of Cyprus and Greece reacted by pushing for EU's reaction to Turkey's actions. As a result, on 16 of July 2019, the EU suspended funding of $163 million towards Turkey, as a reaction to Turkey's activities within the EEZ of Republic of Cyprus.
Meanwhile, on July 13, Turkish Cypriot leader Mustafa Akinci submitted a new proposal for a joint committee on hydrocarbons consisting of members from both communities, receiving the support of the Turkish government. Akinci's proposal was rejected by president of Cyprus Nicos Anastiasiades, after a meeting with the leaders of Greek-Cypriot political parties.
European Union position
In November 2019, European Union foreign ministers have approved a mechanism to sanction entities involved in unauthorized oil drilling in Cypriot waters. The sanctions would involve travel bans and asset freezes on people, companies and organizations. EU citizens and firms will not be allowed to provide any funds or technical support to Turkey for the drilling operations.
US position
The US respects the rights of Cyprus to develop its resources and has repeated caution to Turkeys destabilizing Oil & Gas research within Cyprus EEZ. The "US remains deeply concerned by Turkey’s repeated attempts to conduct drilling operations in the waters off Cyprus... This provocative step raises tensions in the region. We urge Turkish authorities to halt these operations and encourage all parties to act with restraint and refrain from actions that increase tensions in the region" stated Morgan Ortagus of the United States Department of State in 2019.
Republic of Cyprus position
The Republic of Cyprus adopted the Territorial Sea Law in 1964. The law established 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial sea. Coordinates of the territorial sea were submitted to the United Nations in 1993 and their validity was reconfirmed in 1996. The continental shelf of Cyprus is defined according to the Continental Shelf Law which was adopted in 1974. After ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1988, Cyprus adopted a new law in 2004, which limited its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) by 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi). The EEZ was delimited by bilateral agreements with Israel, Lebanon and Egypt. Cyprus has called on Turkey to delineate the sea boundaries between the two countries.
The area of highest interest to Cyprus is Block 12, approximately 800,000 acres (3,200 km2) in size, and on the border with Israel's own EEZ. Cyprus has actively sought to reinforce its position on the global stage through congress with major international players in the situation. Cypriot Foreign Minister Erato Kozakou-Marcoullis began her term in office in late 2011 by visiting both Greece and Israel to request support for the drilling program, though it is not clear if military support was also requested. It is also widely believed that Cyprus has requested support from the United States of America and the Russian Federation, though the exact specifics of any representations have not been made public.
As of August 2011, the Cypriot media has shown widespread alarm at Turkish threats to intervene against the drilling program, and has remonstrated with the Turkish position as evidence of a violation of national sovereignty and the rights of the Cypriot people. In late February 2014, Cypriot president Nicos Anastasiades threatened to pull out of the new round of negotiations over the Cyprus dispute if Turkish vessels continue to intrude in Cyprus' exclusive economic zone.
Turkish and Turkish Cypriot position
Turkey is not a party to UNCLOS, mainly due to the Aegean dispute with Greece and due to provisions of the article 121 of UNCLOS which states that maritime zones of islands (except uninhabited rocks) are determined by the same principles as for the other territories. It has limited its territorial waters by 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) and by 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) in the Mediterranean Sea, established by the Council of Ministers of Turkey. There is no national legislation on EEZ or continental shelf. No EEZ proclamation exists for the Mediterranean Sea; however, it has signed an agreement in 2011 with the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus to delimit continental shelf.
Turkey does not recognize Cyprus' EEZ agreements with Egypt, Lebanon, and Israel due to the position that as a de facto divided island Republic of Cyprus cannot represent the interests of Northern Cyprus in the case the island will be reunified with a single EEZ. Turkey has disputed the EEZ agreement between Cyprus and Egypt based on its claims to the part of the continental shelf in that area. These claims are based on the viewpoint that the capacity of islands to generate maritime zones should be limited in competition with the continental coastal states. As a result, Turkey's claims are partly overlapping with Cyprus' EEZ blocks 1, 4, 6, and 7. Turkey also supports Northern Cyprus' claims in blocks 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 12, and 13, including seabed within a few kilometers of the Aphrodite gas field. In addition to the blocks contested between Northern Cyprus and Turkey, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus has issued exploration licenses also in above-mentioned disputed blocks. Turkish oil company TPAO has also begun conducting oil and gas exploratory drilling off the shores of Northern Cyprus.
The European Union (EU) acquis communautaire requires UNCLOS membership. The European Parliament called on Turkey to sign UNCLOS in adopting the Commission's annual report on paving the ground for EU–Turkey accession negotiations in 2012, 2013 and 2014.
Turkey has repeatedly threatened to not allow the Republic of Cyprus to proceed with pursuing claims to hydrocarbon deposits in waters south of the island. It has warned international oil companies not to conduct exploration and production activities in disputed zones, under the threat of an exclusion from the business operations in Turkey. It is not clear whether the incident could escalate to violence, as the Turkish Government has not made clear whether it regards oil and gas exploration by the Republic of Cyprus as an act of aggression.
However, in November 2008, Turkish naval vessels harassed Cyprus contracted vessels conducting seismic exploration for hydrocarbon deposits in waters south of the island.
Blue Homeland
The Blue Homeland (Turkish: Mavi Vatan), is an irredentist and expansionist concept and doctrine, created by the Chief of Staff of the Turkish Navy Commander Cihat Yaycı, and developed with Admiral Cem Gurdeniz in 2006. The doctrine is representing Turkey's territorial sea, continental shelf, and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) around the Black Sea, as well as its claims of continental shelf and EEZ in the eastern Mediterranean, and the Aegean.
History
On 2 September 2019, Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan appeared in a photograph with a map that depicted nearly half of the Aegean Sea and an area up to the eastern coast of Crete as belonging to Turkey. The map was displayed during an official ceremony at the National Defense University of Turkey in Istanbul and shows an area labelled as "Turkey's Blue Homeland" stretching up to the median line of the Aegean, enclosing the Greek islands in that part of the sea without any indication of the Greek territorial waters around them.
On 13 November 2019, Turkey submitted to the United Nations a series of claims to Exclusive Economic Zones in the Eastern Mediterranean that are in conflict with Greek claims to the same areas – including a sea zone extending west of the southeastern Aegean island of Rhodes and south of Crete. The Turkish claims were made in an official letter by Turkey's Permanent Representative to the UN Feridun Sinirlioglu, which reflect Ankara's notion of a "Blue Homeland" (Mavi Vatan). Greece condemned these claims as legally unfounded, incorrect and arbitrary, and an outright violation of Greece's sovereignty.
Turkish view
Turkey's position is that islands cannot have a full Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and should only be entitled to a 12 nautical mile reduced EEZ or no EEZ at all, rather than the usual 200 miles that Turkey and every other country are entitled to according to Article 121 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Turkey has not ratified UNCLOS, and argues that it is not bound by its provisions that award islands maritime zones. In this context, Turkey, for the first time on December 1, 2019, claimed that the Greek island of Kastellorizo shouldn't have any EEZ at all, because, from the equity-based Turkish viewpoint, it is a small island immediately across the Turkish mainland (which, according to Turkey, has the longest coastline), and isn't supposed to generate a maritime jurisdiction area four thousand times larger than its own surface. Furthermore, according to Turkey's Foreign Ministry, an EEZ has to be coextensive with the continental shelf, based on the relative lengths of adjacent coastlines and described any opposing views supporting the right of islands to their EEZ as "maximalist and uncompromising Greek and Greek Cypriot claims". On 20 January 2020, the Turkish President Erdogan challenged even the rights of Crete, Greece's largest island and 5th largest in the Mediterranean, stating that "They talk about a continental shelf around Crete. There is no continental shelf around the islands, there is no such thing, there, it is only sovereign waters."
Views of international community
The Turkish position regarding the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a unique interpretation not shared by any other country, and not in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) treaty which is signed by 168 parties, but not Turkey.
The Ambassadors of the United States and Russia to Athens, Geoffrey Pyatt and Andrey Maslov respectively, while commenting on Turkey's view, stated that all the islands have the same rights to EEZ and continental shelf as the mainland does. The then US Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs, Aaron Wess Mitchell, criticized the Turkish view, stating that it "is a minority of one versus the rest of the world."
Potential for escalation to armed conflict
Turkey organised a major air and naval exercise at the same time as drilling by Cypriot contractors was to begin in September 2011.
The Russian Navy in late August 2011 scrambled two nuclear attack submarines to the Eastern Mediterranean to observe the situation, as Cyprus and Russia have enjoyed close political and economic ties recently.
In 2011, Israel has increased the number of surveillance flights in the Eastern Mediterranean, though it is not clear if these operations include the Nicosia Flight Information Region.
Views in the academic literature
On the dispute
Writing in 2018, Michalis Kontos and George Bitsis argue that, despite great asymmetry of power, Turkey will not reach their objective to have relative gains and “revise the status quo offshore Cyprus”, due to the involvement of big oil and gas companies in Republic of Cyprus’ EEZ. Moreover, they argue that Turkey's actions are not compatible with Alexander L. George's notion of ‘coercive diplomacy’, neither are Republic of Cyprus’ actions compatible with George's notion of deterrence, as neither's actions involve the use of military force.
On the approaches
Kontos and Bitsis argue that there has been a shift in Turkey's approach on the issue after 2011, from military threats to questioning the sovereign rights of Republic of Cyprus over their EEZ and proceeding with their own explorations in the region, only to shift back to military threats in February, 2018.
Meanwhile, Ayla Gürel, Fiona Mullen and Harry Tzimitras also note a shift on the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot approach, from protesting and warning to block Republic of Cyprus’ activities, to taking reciprocal actions as a reaction to Republic of Cyprus’ unilateral actions.
Prospects for peace and conflict
Peace
Many academics recognise that discoveries of gas in the region can serve as an economic incentive to resolve long-lasting conflicts, including the Cyprus problem, and form a new energy cooperation.
Vedat Yorucu and Özay Mehmet argue that regional geopolitical developments and economic conditions in Cyprus have made the solution to the Cyprus problem more urgent. A solution to the Cyprus problem, and the consequent EEZ dispute would be a win-win scenario for all parties involved, and transform Cyprus to an energy sub-hub, if connected to Ceyhan, Turkey.
Others, however, argue that geopolitical realities don't favour peace and regional cooperation between the actors involved, including Turkey, Greece and Cyprus.
Conflict
Academics also recognise the possibility that recent gas discoveries in the region can exacerbate existing conflicts.
According to Andreas Stergiou, the actions of Eastern Mediterranean states in regard to their energy projects show that states prioritize security concerns over economic. The discoveries made in the region have only exacerbated existing conflicts and made reconciliation even more improbable.
European energy security
Writing in 2012, ELIAMEP's Thanos Dokos noted that the need for oil and gas for Europe would be a motive for NATO and the EU to actively secure their supply through operations in the Eastern Mediterranean, highlighting the region's importance for European energy and economic security.
Writing in 2018, Theodoros Tsakiris argued that the discoveries made in the Eastern Mediterranean, including those within Republic of Cyprus’ EEZ, could help EU's efforts to diversify their gas supply, in order to decrease their dependency on Russian gas, which limits the EU's energy security and the capacity to act politically and economically against Russia. If transferred as LNG or through the EMGP, EU could also avoid a future overdependence on Turkey's Trans Anatolian pipeline.
Exploitation options
According to Tsakiris, despite the interest shown by Italy, Greece, Republic of Cyprus, Israel and EU, the profitability of the EMGP project is debatable due to various reasons, such as the pipeline's length and depth, and limited findings of gas in Republic of Cyprus’ EEZ. Tsakiris argues that the use of Egypt's LNG facilities would be the only realistic option, currently.
Vedat Yorucu and Özay Mehmet argue that Cyprus LNG would not be competitive in the gas market and that the EMGP might present technical difficulties. Instead, they argue that a pipeline between Israel, Cyprus and Turkey would be the most economically beneficial option, acknowledging, however, its improbability due to the Cyprus problem. | 5189f96b-6fe0-4349-b1f3-9a8b451363a2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trzci%C5%84skie"} | Village in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland
Trzcińskie [ˈtʂt͡ɕiɲskʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Turośl, within Kolno County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of Kolno and 99 km (62 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.
The village has a population of 76. | 0d8d3d36-c26d-4da4-b9e4-bf99b52a8d2c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_European_Athletics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_3000_metres_steeplechase"} | The men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 20 and 22 August 1958.
Medalists
Results
Final
22 August
Heats
20 August
Heat 1
Heat 2
Participation
According to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event. | 3f8c1625-529f-4dd8-a46a-50f660a5f41c |
null | School in Kerala, India
St. Mary's Girls High School is a sister school of St. Thomas Higher Secondary School, Kozhencherry in Kerala, the South Western state in India. It is located at Keezhukara, and is about a kilometer from the Kozhencherry town centre.
Kozhencherry
In the early twentieth century, Kozhencherry was a small village in Pathanamthitta Taluk of Quilon District in the princely state of Travancore. The land was fertile and so the people were mainly farmers. Kozhencherry, on the banks of River Pamba was a commercial hub when river boats were the main mode of transport.
Meaning of certain terms
The naming system adopted in Kerala schools are as follows.
Primary school: In earlier days classes included- Class 1 to class 4. Later Preparatory classes from Lower secondary was moved to Primary and was named Class 5. Upper primary (Primary schools): In earlier days classes included- Preparatory, Form I, II and III. Later after moving Preparatory class to primary section, classes included Standards 6 to 8. Secondary (High schools): In earlier days classes included- Form IV, V and VI. Later it was changed to Standards 9 and 10, Form VI became part of +2. Higher secondary schools: When pre-university class from colleges affiliated to universities were moved to Upper secondary, such schools changed the name to Higher secondary schools. These schools include Standards 9, 10 and +2. Headmaster and Principals: Titles of the head of Higher secondary schools are Principals and others, Headmaster/Headmistress.
History
It is the far sightedness of some of the leaders in Kozhencherry, that made it a 100% literate town in Kerala.
An English Medium School was opened in Kozhencherry by the Kottayam (Anglican) Mission in 1822 with 40 students and two teachers. In 1904 the St. Thomas Mar Thoma parish took over the responsibility of running the school and named it St. Thomas school. By 1910, The Travancore Education Code of 1085 M.E. (1910) came into force and St. Thomas school was approved as a recognised Middle School (Form I, II and III).
Realising the necessity to educate girls, Kurumthottical Rev. K.T. Thomas built a Middle school (Form I to III) in 1930 for girls students only. Mrs Aley Eapen from Mavelikara was its headmistress.
In 1941 this girls school was approved as a High School (Form I to VI). When St.Mary’s Girls High School was opened and all the girls from St. Thomas High school were moved to the new school.
From 1941 to 1944 Mrs. Mariam Thomas was the headmistress. She was followed by Mrs. Aleyamma Cherian, Mr. K.C. Varghese, Miss Rahel Mathen, Miss M.G. Aleyamma, Miss Accamma Varghese, Miss Chachi Chacko. They were headmistresses till 1951. Miss Rachel K. Thomas, daughter of Kurumthottical Rev. K.T. Thomas was the headmistress from 1951-’78. Her successors were Mrs. Saramma C Thomas (1978-’82), Mr. Thomas Mathew (1982-’83), Mrs. M.V. Sosamma (1983-’85), Mrs. Mrs. Aleyamma Samuel (1983 - ) and so on.
Courses offered
The school now offers the following courses (following Kerala Government Syllabus)
Upper Primary –
High School –
Management
This school is managed by St. Thomas Marthoma Church, Kozhencherry. The vicar is the ex-officio Manager of the school.
Managers
Rev. K.T. Thomas, Kurumthottickal (1941-‘55), Rev. K.J. Philip (1956-’59), Rev. K.C. Thomas (1960-‘61), Rev. C.G. Alexander (1961-’62), Rev. C.G. David (1963-’66), Rev. K.C. George (1966-’67), Rev. C.G. Alexander (1967-’72), Rev. P.M. George (1973-’77), Rev. Oommen Koruthu (1977-’80), Rev. Dr. V.P. Thomas (1980-’82), Rev. M.O. Ommen (1983-’84), Rev. M.C. Mani (1984-’88), Rev. P.V. George (1988-’91), Rev. P.V. Thomas (1991-’95), Rev. Dr. P.P. Abraham (1995-’96), Rev. D. Philip (1996–2001), Rev. P.T. Thomas (2001-’06), Rev. Philip Varghese (2006-’09), Very Rev. K.M. Mammen (2009-2013), Rev. Roy Thomas (May 2013 - ). | 6e325d17-80c4-46f6-a6e8-6296c223fde6 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_L._Bishop"} | American mathematician (1931–2019)
Richard Lawrence Bishop (August 12, 1931 – December 18, 2019) was an American mathematician who specialized in differential geometry and taught at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
Bishop went to Case Institute of Technology as an undergraduate, earning a B.S. in 1954. Next he earned his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1959, and immediately joined the UIUC faculty, where he stayed until his retirement in 1997. His thesis, On Imbeddings and Holonomy, was supervised by Isadore Singer. At UIUC, his doctoral students included future UIUC colleague Stephanie B. Alexander. He is the author of Geometry of Manifolds (with Richard J. Crittenden, AMS Chelsea Publishing, 1964, translated into Russian 1967 and reprinted 2001) and Tensor Analysis on Manifolds (with Samuel I. Goldberg, Macmillan, 1968, reprinted by Dover Books on Mathematics, 1980).
In 2013, Bishop became one of the inaugural fellows of the American Mathematical Society.
The Bishop–Gromov inequality in Riemannian geometry, one form of which appeared in his book with Crittenden, is named after him and Mikhail Gromov, who gave an improved formulation of Bishop's result. He introduced the "Bishop frame" of curves in Euclidean space, an alternative to the better-known Frenet frame. With Barrett O'Neill he made foundational contributions to the study of convex functions and convex sets in Riemannian geometry and their applications in the study of negative sectional curvature, including to the geometry of warped products.
Notable publications | 83698fdf-9ef7-4336-bb84-c7064cc56794 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsion_from_Paradise_(Pontormo)"} | Painting by Pontormo
Expulsion from Paradise or the Expulsion of Adam and Eve is an oil on panel painting by Pontormo, now in the Uffizi in Florence, whose Gabinetto Disegni e Stampe also has a preparatory drawing for it. Its dating is also uncertain and varies between c.1519 and c.1543, but is held to be c.1535 by the Uffizi.
It is heavily influenced by Masaccio, such as the serpent wrapped round a tree in his Brancacci Chapel frescos. It is mentioned in the inventory of cardinal Leopoldo de' Medici's collection with its correct attribution, but by the time it was mentioned in the Gallerie fiorentine inventory of 1796 it had been misattributed to Francesco Salviati, a misattribution which lasted until 1825. The attribution to Pontormo is accepted by all modern critics except Berti and Clapp. La Forlanini theorises that it originally formed part of a series. | 9c11ad69-966f-4f08-b3fa-120c3e65421d |
null | School district in Union County, New Jersey, United States
The New Providence School District is a comprehensive community public school district serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade in New Providence in Union County, New Jersey, United States. Students from the unincorporated community of Murray Hill within the borough attend the New Providence school facilities.
As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 2,420 students and 183.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.2:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "I", the second-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Awards and recognition
During the 2007-08 school year, New Providence Middle School was recognized with the National Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education, the highest award an American school can receive.
The district was selected as one of the top "100 Best Communities for Music Education in America 2005" by the American Music Conference.
The district's high school was the top-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 328 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2012 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", after being ranked 5th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed.
Schools
Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:
Elementary schools
Middle school
High school
The middle school and high school share the same building and some of the same facilities (art rooms, auditorium, east wing, west wing, gyms, music rooms, TV production room, cafeteria). A construction project add a new gym and classrooms.
School design
Allen W. Roberts School, built in 1962, was created in the style of a California high school; this means that students would have to venture outside in order to switch classes, go to the nurse, use the gym facility, etc. Unfortunately, the area does not have a climate that is ideal for this type of construction; most notably a wet and rainy fall, and occasional severe winters. In the early 1990s, a construction project was undertaken to transform the school from this style to be fully enclosed. Just recently, the open structure that connected the main building to the secondary building was closed with the addition of new classrooms.
Population and expansion crisis
New Providence used to have two other elementary schools, Hillview and Lincoln. Lincoln School was sold to the borough for $1 in 1980; the property was used for a new municipal center. Hillview was being leased to a local child care provider, since student populations in the 1980s and 1990s did not necessitate a third elementary school. In the early 1990s, it was determined that it was no longer necessary to keep this school. Moreover, it was felt that the cost to modernize the school, mostly in HVAC infrastructure and asbestos removal, was too costly and would not be worth the fund allocation. In an effort spearheaded by then Superintendent Geoffrey Gordon, Hillview was sold to private and public interests: a YMCA currently operates there, as does the Morris-Union Jointure Commission. Right after the Hillview sale, 7th and 8th grade instruction was moved from the elementary schools to the high school, due to rising student populations in the lower grades. During the first few years of this facility merger, the high school population was low enough that they could effectively share facilities but did not have a need to share classrooms. However, school populations readily increased and both the middle and high schools saw the need for extra classrooms. Moreover, during the years of 1997-1998, the school population started to explode at the Kindergarten and first-grade levels, indicating that there would be a future need for expanded facilities.
The district and town recognized the need for expanded facilities. In 1998 the Board of Education floated bonds to pay for several construction efforts. Four new classrooms were added in 1998. A new television studio and music room was added in 2001. In 2003, a new gym was built and the cafeteria was expanded. These construction projects would not have been necessary if the town had retained its Hillview facility, causing some residents to consider the wisdom of selling the facility in the first place. The critics' main concern is the perceivable lack of long-term considerations. Currently, the owners of Hillview have no desire to sell the facility back to the borough. As of September 27, 2005 a $10 million bond was passed by referendum for additional school construction.
Administration
Core members of the district's administration are:
Board of education
The district's board of education, comprised of seven members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the day-to-day operation of the district. | 189126f6-5487-4339-9b63-796c9f758695 |
null | Lake in the state of Florida, United States
Body of water
Lake Lelia is a natural fresh water lake on the south side of Avon Park, Florida. The northeast section of the lake is within the Avon Park city limits. The lake is longest east to west, being approximately 0.5 miles (0.80 km) long. Its north-to-south width averages at 0.25 miles (0.40 km) wide. The Florida Atlas of Lakes lists Lake Lelia as having a surface area of 161.97-acre (655,500 m2). This lake is bounded by South Florida Community College at its south shore. A few houses dot its shore, but is it mostly bounded by woods and citrus trees. On the northeast two sets of railroad tracks are just off its shore.
On its south side a pier built from the college Citrus Center extends into the lake. Visitors may walk along part of its length, but are not allowed to fish from it. A public boat ramp is just off Martin Road on the lake's west side. The lake may be fished, but no swimming is allowed. | 88d74782-56fe-4000-8907-1372b8fe4560 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_from_Austin,_TX_(Neko_Case_album)"} | 2007 live album by Neko Case
Live from Austin, TX is a live album recorded by Neko Case on August 9, 2003, on the Austin City Limits Television series. The performance aired on PBS on November 8, 2003, was released on DVD in 2006, and appeared on compact disc on January 9, 2007. Aside from "Behind the House" and a cover of Bob Dylan's "Buckets of Rain," all songs appear on previous Case albums.
Track listing | cf5f69d2-aeb6-4ddb-8149-28a4f39779ea |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yukhananov"} | Boris Yukhananov (Russian: Борис Юрьевич Юхананов; born 30 September 1957) is a Russian director of theatre, video, cinema and TV, a theatre educator and theorist. He is currently the Artistic Director of the Stanislavsky Electrotheatre, Moscow. He was a pioneering figure in Russia’s underground art movement in the 1980s and 1990s and was one of the founders of the Soviet Parallel Cinema movement, which provided an alternative cinema to that which was produced by the state. His recent major works include a radical interpretation of Maurice Maeterlinck’s The Blue Bird, the opera serial Drillalians and the two-part The Constant Principle. Founder of the new processualism movement, a methodology and artistic strategy that posits theatre as the focal point of all forms of art involving every aspect of time, whether it be cinema, a musical concert or performance art.
Early life
Yukhananov was born in Moscow on 30 September 1957. In 1974, he began his career as an actor for the Moscow Puppet Theatre. In 1979 he graduated from the Voronezh Institute of Arts, gaining a major in stage and screen acting. He acted for the Bryansk Regional Drama Theatre from 1979 to 1980. During the early 1980s Yukhananov focused his interests on directing and enrolled in the prestigious directing course headed by the renowned Anatoly Efros at GITIS (Russian Theatre Art Academy). The course was run jointly by Efros and the equally famous Soviet director, Anatoly Vasiliev. Yukhananov’s first directing experience was as director's assistant to Anatoly Efros on the 1983 production of The Tempest by Shakespeare. Yukhananov also played the part of Caliban. From 1983 to 1985 Yukhananov was director’s assistant on Vasiliev's now-legendary production of Cerceau, written by Viktor Slavkin. This experience developed Yukhananov’s understanding of theatre, which later influenced his own method of directing. The most notable among Yukhananov’s early experimental projects is Capriccios, based on a record of the trial of Joseph Brodsky in a Soviet court. The lead role in this project was performed by Nikita Mikhailovsky. The subsequent friendship between Yukhananov and Mikhailovsky led to the creation of the aesthetically radical troupe called Teatr Teatr, or, Theatre Theatre.
Career
Early career
Teatr Teatr and the 1980s
When Yukhananov graduated from the theatre institute in 1986 he entered a world full of radical change and social upheaval. Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika program was only just beginning to be implemented. The systematic destruction of the current social order made many individuals question the fundamental principles and traditions, including those in the arts, which had held Soviet society together for seven decades. Yukhananov was one of the first directors to document these changes and express them through his work in cinema and theatre. In 1985 he created Teatr Teatr, the first independent (non-government sponsored) theatre troupe in the Soviet Union, and began experimenting with different genres such as performance art and new media art. He worked with a dynamic team of actors, musicians and artists including; Nikita Mikhailovsky, Larisa Borodina, Yevgeny Chorba, the band Obermaneken featuring Yevgeny Kalachyov, Andrei Zakharishchev-Braush and artists such as Ivan Kochkaryov, Yury Kharikov and Yevgeny Yufit. Teatr Teatr gave rise to a new brand of theatre. In productions such as The Misanthrope, The Fu-funeral, and Mon Repos, Yukhananov introduced his actors to a changeable mise-en-scène in which only the relationships between the actors and their characters were set. Yukhananov refrained from imposing a strict directing method on his actors. Instead he provided a framework within which the actors were free to explore their characters.
Soviet Parallel Cinema
Along with brothers Igor and Gleb Aleinikov (Moscow) and Yevgeny Yufit (Leningrad), Yukhananov was one of the founders of the Parallel Cinema movement in 1986. Together they created films that stood outside the state film-production system in terms of financing, aesthetics and thematics. During this time the samizdat Cine Fantom magazine was established. It was the first independent magazine about cinema published in the USSR. Yukhananov continues to be a contributing author and member of the editorial board. Yukhananov wrote about his video experiments in articles such as "Theory of Video Direction," "Fatal Editing," "There is Your Head in Your Hands," "Mutant Imago," and others. He mythologized the nature of video and reinterpreted the concept of film editing, rejecting conventional narrative structures. Within the Parallel Cinema framework he created a new art form called "slow video." Through this medium Yukhananov suggested that artistic thinking must be continuous, must "not be text, but rather speech that flows and flows and flows, while seeking to express meaning." According to this theory, the actor's approach to acting in the video format must be based on theatre acting techniques.
The Studio of Individual Directing (MIR) and the 1990s
In 1988 Yukhananov founded The Leningrad Free University with artist and philosopher Timur Novikov, avant-garde musician Sergey Kuryokhin, the Goroshevsky brothers, Olga Khrustalyovа and poet and novelist Dmitry Volchek. Within the Leningrad Free University, Yukhananov established his own Studio of Individual Directing (MIR), in which he offered aspiring young directors an alternative training to that which was offered by the state. It was a platform for future directors to test the boundaries that existed between film, video and theatre. Yukhananov was not opposed to the kind of teaching that took place in state-run film schools, but he believed that diversity and experimentation and he sought to merge traditional methods with a more avant-garde approach. At the Studio of Individual Directing Yukhananov developed an integrated approach to directing, establishing a strong link between theatre, cinema and video and contemporary art. In the period of 1989 to 1991 Yukhananov directed a piece called Octavia, based on texts by Seneca and an essay about Vladimir Lenin by Leon Trotsky. Many representatives of Moscow’s underground movement took part in this performance, including: The Sever rock band, actress and medium Yekaterina Ryzhikova, Alexander Lugin, composer Kamil Chalaev and writer Avdotya Smirnova, as well as leading actors of the Teatr Teatr company – Nikita Mikhailovsky and Yevgeny Chorba, Maria Pyrenkova, photographer Ilya Piganov, fashion designer Irina Burmistrova, Irina Piganova, Alexander Petlyura and others. The premiere took place in spring, 1989, at the opening of the Free Academy, an educational organization of which Yukhananov was a founder and rector.
Throughout most of the 1990s Yukhananov worked on The Garden (alternatively translated as The Orchard, based on Anton Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard) one of his most famous productions and the first to bring him international attention (it played in London in 1994 and at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 1995). Over a period of seven or eight years this production changed radically, going through what the director called eight "regenerations," the last of which took place in 2001. One of the most interesting "regenerations" was the fifth, in 1996, in which important meta-theatrical roles were performed by actors with Down syndrome.
In 1999, Yukhananov began work on an evolutionary version of Faust, based on the first part of the tragedy by Goethe. Over the years this production also went through several editions, or regenerations. The final, sixth, edition was staged at Moscow's School of Dramatic Art in 2009. The first staging in 1999 took place as an entry in the Pushkin and Goethe Festival and lasted approximately 6 hours.
In 1997 Yukhananov headed up a course for directors and actors at RATI. This course within the official Russian state theater institute system lasted until 2002.
Artistic Director of the Stanislavsky Electrotheatre
In early 2013 the department of Culture in Moscow declared an open competition for the post of Artistic Director at the Stanislavsky Drama Theatre. Applicants were asked to submit their vision and plan for the future of this institution, which had a rich history, but which, in recent years, had fallen into creative decline. The winner, announced in June 2013, was Boris Yukhananov.
In collaboration with The Wowhaus Studio, Yukhananov radically renovated the old building interior - keeping all historical elements intact - and established an artistic program based on two guiding principles: first, the renewed theatre, to be called the Stanislavsky Electrotheatre, would be a ‘director’s theatre’ whose aim was to bring together the notions of avant-garde and accessible theatre; and second, the theatre would actively seek collaborations with the most contemporary and radical directors, composers and designers, both from Russia and other countries. In the theatre's first year of existence it unveiled productions by Theodoros Terzopoulos (The Bacchae by Euripides), Romeo Castellucci (The Human Use of Human Beings), and Heiner Goebbels (Max Black or 62 Ways of Supporting the Head with a Hand). Yukhananov in his theatre seeks to host and create innovative theatre, contemporary opera, unorthodox art exhibitions, installations, performance art and other cutting-edge forms.
Following its opening on 26 January 2015, the Stanislavsky Electrotheatre gained a reputation for being one of Russia’s most progressive theatres.
Opera
Drillalians
Drillalians is an opera series spanning five evenings with music composed by six leading contemporary Russian composers, based on the verse libretto-novel by Boris Yukhananov. All the composers are members of the ‘Structural Resistance Group’ (StRes): Dmitri Kourliandski, Boris Filanovsky, Alexey Sioumak, Sergej Newski, Vladimir Rannev and Alexey Sysoev.
Drillalians recounts the tale of a Drillalian Prince’s journey through time and space. The prince is a magician, a pagan priest and a classical hero. He undertakes his journey in order to save an ancient, other-worldly civilisation called Drillalia from destruction. The opera is set in the future but is interwoven with elements of the past and present. The first prologue to Drillalians premiered at Moscow's ARTPLAY Design Centre in December 2012. The full five-day serial opened in June–July 2015 at the Stanislavsky Electrotheatre.
Theatre
Maeterlinck and The Blue Bird
Boris Yukhananov’s three-day production of The Blue Bird uses Maurice Maeterlinck’s classic play about a young brother and sister in search of the blue bird of happiness as a starting point, but, in an experiment with documentary drama, it is enhanced by the life stories of Aleftina Konstantinova and Boris Korenev, two of the Electrotheatre’s veteran stars who play the lead roles of the eight and ten year-old children. Korenev’s tales of stardom as a film actor in the 1960s, and Konstantinova’s tales of surviving WWII combine with their tales about the history of the former Stanislavsky Drama Theatre, as well as of the recent history of the Soviet and Russian nations as a whole. The production features 300 handmade costumes and the set design includes the cross-section of a real Boeing jet fuselage. The premiere took place in February 2015.
Boris Yukhananov, from the interview for the internet edition of Gazeta.ru, 2013; "We want to create a kind of documentary play made according to certain rules, which will become fleshed out in Maeterlinck’s fairytale. Actors will move along the emerging mysteries of memory and their destiny. Their own real recollections, dreams, phantasms will appear. The 80s, 70s, 60s, 50s, 40s- back in childhood, where in the fears and mysteries of children’s experiences the Blue Bird is hiding."
The Constant Principle
Boris Yukhananov's production of a mystery-play titled The Constant Principle premiered in November 2015 on the main stage of the Electrotheatre Stanislavsky. It is a combination of two plays that run over two consecutive nights. The first night features the performance of The Constant Prince by Pedro Calderón de la Barca; the second combines various scenes from The Constant Prince performed in contrasting contemporary styles and concludes with a so-called "concert in a cemetery," a performance of Alexander Pushkin's A Feast in Time of Plague.
Calderon's play tells the tale of Don Fernando, a Portuguese prince, who is taken prisoner by the Sultan of Morocco after an unsuccessful military expedition. In exchange for his freedom, the prince is ordered by the Sultan to destroy the town of Ceuta, a Catholic stronghold in North Africa. Prince Fernando decides that his life is not worth such a sacrifice. He prefers to live and die as a slave in an Arab prison.
The Golden Ass project, 2015 to 2017
Beginning in 2015, newly graduated directors from the Studio of Individual Directing began staging works at the Stanislavsky Electrotheatre based on texts by various Russian and European writers. However, the beginning point was their work on The Golden Ass by Apuleius (this novel, translated into Russian by the great Silver-age poet Mikhail Kuzmin, is generally known in English as The Metamorphosis of Apuleius). Apuleius' story of a would-be magician who mistakenly is turned into an ass, thereby putting the protagonist through 20 years of humiliation and deprivation before he achieves salvation thanks to the goddess Isis, embodied the overall concept of this project. In the spring of 2016 Yukhananov revealed a new aspect of this project, the so-called "open-circuited workspace," in which various directors and actors staging various segments or chapters of The Golden Ass, gave public showings of their work as Yukhananov, in the role of Isis, offered commentary and advice.
Orphic Games. Punk-Macrame, 2018 to present
Orphic Games. Punk-Macrame, created by Boris Yukhananov and his students from MIR-5, has emerged as one of this director's most ambitious and radical projects in both composition and conception. Based on the myth of Orpheus and plays by Jean Cocteau and Jean Anouilh, this single work, consisting of 33 acts, and arranged in 12 performances according to the principle of frescoes, plays in one space and, in its entirety, is virtually inaccessible to a single spectator. This mixed composition of multiple fragments composed by young directors from MIR-5 evolved and entered into complex relationships with one another over a six-day period on the main stage of the Stanislavsky Electrotheatre. The spectator of Orphic Games travels not only through the space of myth, but also through the styles of modern theatre in their various manifestations. An essential part of the project is the work of contemporary composers Vladimir Gorlinsky, Fyodor Sofronov, Dmitri Kourliandski and Kirill Shirokov, who created a unique acoustic environment for the performance. Orphic Games, in fact, highlights the stylistic, substantive and generational diversity that exists among contemporary artists.
Theatre productions
Cinema and video works
TV works | eb9ec27e-081e-4bac-a17a-7727d26c1b67 |
null | Theakston v MGN Ltd [2002] EWHC 137(QB) was a High Court judgment in which British television presenter Jamie Theakston attempted to injunct the Sunday People from publishing a story about how he visited a brothel in Mayfair, London.
Theakston argued that the publication of the story breached his right to privacy under Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights, that the activities had taken place in private and therefore should be treated as confidential and that there was no public interest in publication. The Sunday People argued that the publication of the story was in the public interest given the concern of the British Broadcasting Corporation to ensure that presenters of programmes aimed at younger people conduct themselves appropriately in public.
The court were sceptical of Theakston's assertion that he only realised that he was in a brothel when other prostitutes entered the room. | 7b690cbf-947b-41d8-b6ae-7e2f8c4690bc |
null | American football player and coach (born 1947)
Joseph Purzycki (born February 20, 1947) is a former American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Delaware State University in Dover, Delaware from 1981 to 1984 and James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia from 1985 to 1990, compiling a career college football coaching record of 55–51–3. Purzycki played college football at the University of Delaware and was later an assistant coach at his alma mater, where he learned the Wing T offense from head coach Tubby Raymond. When Purzycki was hired as the head football coach at Delaware State in January 1981, he became the first white man appointed to that role for the historically black school. Many students and players had expected Delaware State to hire Billy Joe, an African American who had played professionally in the American Football League (AFL) and was then an assistant coach for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). Some students and players protested Purzycki's hiring.
Head coaching record
College | b79b8122-1fe4-410f-98fc-665fea0135f0 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agelasta_balteata"} | Species of beetle
Agelasta balteata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1866. It is known from Malaysia, Java, and Sumatra. It contains the varietas Agelasta balteata var. niasica. | 28be31de-2be9-41af-9382-2452c4eaf13c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Skittle"} | Mount Skittle (54°24′S 36°11′W / 54.400°S 36.183°W / -54.400; -36.183Coordinates: 54°24′S 36°11′W / 54.400°S 36.183°W / -54.400; -36.183) is a prominent rocky mountain, 480 m, forming the north limit of Saint Andrews Bay on the north coast of South Georgia. The name "Kegel-Berg" (Skittle Mountain) was given for this feature by the German group of the International Polar Year Investigations, 1882–83. During the SGS, 1951–52, the mountain was identified and located. An English form of the name, Mount Skittle, was recommended by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1954.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Skittle". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. | 6e28bc4c-1bb5-417d-880c-79aa7c54d454 |
null | Species of bacterium
"Candidatus Caballeronia nigropunctata" is a Candidatus species of bacteria from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae. "Candidatus Caballeronia nigropunctata" is an endosymbiont of the plant Psychotria nigropunctata. | 9a39b13b-41b8-43fc-a241-75e4d8b3e8d0 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopranino_saxophone"} | The sopranino saxophone is the second-smallest member of the saxophone family. It is tuned in the key of E♭, and sounds an octave higher than the alto saxophone. An F sopranino (an octave above the F alto (also called mezzo-soprano) saxophone) were described in Adolphe Sax's patent, but no known examples have ever been built.
The sopranino saxophone has a sweet sound and although it is one of the least common of the saxophones in regular use today, it is still being produced by several of the major musical manufacturing companies. Due to their small size, sopraninos are not usually curved like other saxophones. Orsi, however, does make curved sopranino saxophones.
The original patented saxophone family, as developed by Adolphe Sax, included Eb and Bb saxophones in the voices of sopranino, soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass, contrabass, and subcontrabass instruments (although he never built the last), as well as the same seven in C and F though only the soprano, alto, and tenor were ever made. Since the late 20th century, however, a B♭ piccolo, or sopranissimo saxophone (called soprillo, and tuned a fifth above the sopranino) and a B♭ subcontrabass instrument (called tubax, also made in C) have been developed by the German instrument maker Benedikt Eppelsheim.
The most notable use of the sopranino is in the orchestral work Boléro by Maurice Ravel (although Ravel called for a "soprano saxophone in F", the part is usually performed on E♭ sopranino). In recent years, rock band Violent Femmes have incorporated sopranino saxophone into the band's live performances as well as their newest albums. Saxophonist Blaise Garza plays a curved sopranino saxophone in the Violent Femmes' 2019 song "I'm Not Gonna Cry". Outside of classical and rock music, notable jazz and improvising musicians using this instrument include Carla Marciano, James Carter, Anthony Braxton, La Monte Young, Roscoe Mitchell, Christophe Monniot, Joseph Jarman, Paul McCandless, Lol Coxhill, Roger Frampton, Hans Koller,[citation needed] Wolfgang Fuchs, Douglas Ewart, Larry Ochs, Vinny Golia, Thomas Chapin, Martin Archer, Jon Irabagon, Massimo Falascone, Gianni Gebbia, and Ian Anderson (credited with having played the instrument on the Jethro Tull albums A Passion Play and War Child). The sopranino saxophone is also used in the six-member Nuclear Whales Saxophone Orchestra, currently played by Kelley Hart Jenkins.
The sopranino saxophone's a range written range is from A#4/Bb4 to F7. This corresponds to C#4/Db4 concert (277.1826 Hertz) for the sopranino saxophone's bottom note, and G#6/Ab6 concert (1661.219 Hertz) for the sopranino saxophone's top note. | 1d54c8e6-a11d-4536-bfac-d4101a55a941 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Themed_Entertainment_Association"} | Theme park industry association
The Themed Entertainment Association (TEA) is an international non-profit association that represents creators, developers, designers and producers of themed entertainment. It is also noted for its THEA Awards, which were founded in 1995 and are distributed annually in a range of themed entertainment categories.
Founding
The TEA was founded in 1991 by Monty Lunde, a former special effects designer for Disney who had gone on to start the special effects company Technifex with his business partner Rock Hall. The TEA mission, as stated in its bylaws, is to facilitate dialogue and communication among its members, to stimulate knowledge and professional growth, and to expand the size, diversity and awareness of the themed entertainment industry. Every year since 2007, the TEA has hosted a two-day TEA Summit, 2 days prior to the Thea Awards banquet, showcasing the teams that worked on these award winning projects.
Awards
The TEA presents the annual Thea Awards to projects that exemplify the highest standards of excellence and achievement, including individuals, parks, attractions, exhibits, and experiences in the themed entertainment industry. The Thea Awards began in 1994 with a single honoree: Harrison “Buzz” Price, the first recipient of the Thea Lifetime Achievement Award. That award is now called the Buzz Price Thea Award for a Lifetime of Outstanding Achievements in his honor. The second recipient was Marty Sklar in 1995. Bob Gurr was the recipient in 1999. In 1996, the Awards for Outstanding Achievement (AOA) were introduced, and ten were distributed. In the years since, additional special categories of AOA have been created, ensuring a multi-award event. Anyone can nominate a project, but judging is conducted by a committee that includes all past lifetime achievement honorees, one board liaison, and nine members-at-large appointed to three-year terms. Award recipients are announced in November and formally presented the following spring.
25th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2019, Theas were awarded to the following:
24th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2018, Theas were awarded to the following:
23rd Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2017, Theas were awarded to the following:
22nd Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2016, Theas were awarded to the following:
21st Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2015, Theas were awarded to the following:
20th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2014, Theas were awarded to the following:
19th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2013, Theas were awarded to the following:
18th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2012, Theas were awarded to the following:
17th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2011, Theas were awarded to the following:
16th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2010, Theas were awarded to the following:
15th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2009, Theas were awarded to the following:
14th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2008, Thea Awards for Outstanding Achievement were awarded to the following:
13th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2007, Theas were awarded to the following:
12th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2006, Theas were awarded to the following:
11th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2005, Theas were awarded to the following:
10th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2003 (awards moved from fall to spring, skipping 2004), Theas were awarded to the following:
9th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2002, Theas were awarded to the following:
8th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2001, Theas were awarded to the following:
7th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 2000, Theas were awarded to the following:
6th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 1999, Theas were awarded to the following:
5th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 1998, Theas were awarded to the following:
4th Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 1997, Theas were awarded to the following:
3rd Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 1996, Theas were awarded to the following:
2nd Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 1995, Theas were awarded to the following:
1st Annual Thea Award Recipients
In 1995, Theas were awarded to the following: | 572e427d-84a7-417f-8d49-bd99b0973065 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog%27s_Breakfast"} | Look up dog's breakfast in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Dog's Breakfast or A Dog's Breakfast may refer to:
Film and television
Music
Other uses
Topics referred to by the same term | 7f9772ec-74cc-4fd3-80b3-826dcc339bbe |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Van_Aerde"} | Belgian cyclist (1933–2020)
Michel Van Aerde (2 October 1933 – 11 August 2020) was a Belgian professional road bicycle racer. Van Aerde became national champion in 1961, and won two stages in the Tour de France, in 1960 and 1961.
Van Aerde was born in Zonnegem, and died on 11 August 2020, aged 86.
Major results
1954
Belgium National Militaries road race Championship
1955
Beveren-Waas
1956
Melsele
Stadsprijs Geraardsbergen
Eke
Schoonaarde
1957
Paris - Valenciennes
Stadsprijs Geraardsbergen
Drielandentrofee
Erpe
1958
Beervelde
Wervik
1959
København
Sint-Lievens-Esse
1960
Tour de France:
Winner stage 15
1961
Omloop der drie Proviniciën
Heule
Erembodegem
Belgian National Road Race Championships
Zonnegem
Tour de France:
Winner stage 12
1963
Burst
1964
Erpe | 8fbe30b8-dc5d-4e4c-9757-0f8dabe8106f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldstadion_(Giessen)"} | Waldstadion (German pronunciation: [ˈvaltˌʃtaːdi̯ɔn] (
listen)) is a 4,999-capacity stadium located in Giessen, Germany. It is home to FC Gießen. The stadium has also been used for major rock concerts and festivals. | da368504-80a1-4064-a511-1c92ccca727f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Gschwandtner"} | Philipp Gschwandtner (born 12 August 1989) is a former Austrian Grass skiing competitor. He started for the ski club Bad Tatzmannsdorf and belonged to the A-team of the Austrian Ski Federation. In 2009, he was the World Junior Champion in the giant slalom. His brother, Daniel, is also a grass skier.
Career
Philipp Gschwandtner played his first international race in July 2004 at the World Junior Championships in his hometown of Rettenbach. He finished 16th place in the slalom and in combination, and ranked 24th in the giant slalom and 38th in the super-G. After three FIS races, he started in late August for the first time in the World Cup, but still could not win World Cup points. In the 2005 season, he played exclusively in FIS races in which he, on 2 July, in the slalom events in Marbachegg was the first among the top ten, and the World Junior Championships in Nové Mesto na Moravě, where he worked in all competitions under the fastest 30 and went as the best result achieved rank 21 in the combination.
In the World Junior Championships 2006, he came in the 22nd Rank in the super-G. In August and September of that year, he again took part in several World Cup races and received for the first time points. His best finish was 17th place in the slalom in saddle on 26 August, which he in the | was[clarification needed] Grass Skiing World Cup 2006 Season 2006 ranked 31 in the standings. In the 2007 season Gschwandtner reached on August 26 with number ten in the second slalom of saddle his best World Cup result, the day before, he had already occupied the twelfth. Still, he could improve in the standings from the previous year only slightly and he was ranked 28th. In the World Junior Championships 2007, he went to ninth in the giant slalom and in the twelfth ranked 15th in super combined. In the Next Season Gschwandtner, in his FIS races, repeatedly ranked among the Top Ten in the World Cup, but only two go into the top 20, which he finished in 27th place overall. He achieved good results at the World Junior Championships 2008 in Rieden, Switzerland In the super-G, he went to coincide with the Czechs Lukáš Kolouch at number six and in the super-combined in seventh place. In the slalom, he coincided with his brother in eighth place in the giant slalom and in eleventh.
In the 2009 season, the Burgenland native, in the World Cup could increase his performance significantly. He came six times in the top 16, which placed him in the final on the 13th improved space. He enjoyed great success at the World Youth Championship 2009 in the Czech Republic Horní Lhota u Ostravy by winning the gold medal in giant slalom and the bronze medal in the super-G. In the slalom, he finished in sixth place; however, he did not finish the super-combination. In September 2009, Gschwandtner was for the first time part of the general class at the World Cup. In his hometown Rettenbach, he was number 16 in the Super-G, number 19 in the giant slalom and 32nd in the super combined. In the slalom, he left in the first round. In the 2010 season, he started only in the FIS race in Rettenbach, at the same time as the Austrian Championships included. This was his only result of the tenth place in the Super-G, which earned him the bronze medal in the Austrian Championships.
Junior World Championships
Championships
World Cup
Retirement
As of 2011, Gschwandtner is retired from professional Grass Skiing and now competes as an amateur bodybuilder.[citation needed] | 5a78709f-5b7c-4d8a-8fa4-a9708beb12dc |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Warwick"} | Australian rugby league footballer
Adam Warwick (born 21 January 1977) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played for the North Queensland Cowboys and Brisbane Broncos in the National Rugby League. He primarily played wing.
Playing career
In Round 7 of the 1997 Super League season, Warwick made his first grade debut in the North Queensland Cowboys 4–6 loss to the Western Reds at the WACA Ground. He scored his first try six weeks later in the Cowboys' Round 13 loss to the Canterbury Bulldogs. In 1998, Warwick played seven games in his final season with the Cowboys.
In 1999, Warwick joined the Brisbane Broncos, playing for their Queensland Cup feeder club, the Toowoomba Clydesdales. In Round 18 of the 2000 NRL season, he played his only game for the Broncos, starting on the wing in a 22–26 loss to the Newcastle Knights. On 19 August 2000, he started on the wing in Toowoomba's 6–14 loss to the Redcliffe Dolphins in the Queensland Cup Grand Final.
Statistics
Super League/NRL
Statistics are correct to the end of the 2000 season | c994d717-bf15-460c-9e09-e564de53a713 |
null | Mayfield Playing Fields, in Dundee, Scotland, is one of the sports grounds for the High School of Dundee and the home ground of rugby clubs Dundee High Rugby and its junior side, Dundee Eagles. It is situated 1.5 miles from the city centre, on Arbroath Road.
Mayfield was formerly part of the grounds of Mayfield House, a mansion designed by Peddie and Kinnear and owned by William Dalgleish: by the 1880s, he had purchased the land to the east of his house from Robert McGavin of Ballumbie. The Dundee College of Education was established in 1906 after the St Andrews Provincial Committee for the Training of Teachers decided to locate in the city, and Mayfield House was acquired at a reduced price in 1912 as a hostel for women students (later becoming mixed-sex).
By 1921, the playing fields had been laid out, and a clubhouse built, for a University Recreation Ground. In 1975 a new home was built for the College in West Ferry, and the High School purchased the recreation ground and sports facilities: the halls of residence remained for some years, before they were demolished for new housing. The School was thus able to supplement its existing recreation grounds at Dalnacraig, which lie almost directly across Arbroath Road, and vacate the grounds they had occupied since 1959 at Monymusk Park.
Mayfield Sports Centre was opened in June 2006 at a cost of £3.2 million, comprising a large sports hall, gymnasium, dance studio, fitness centre and classroom areas, enhancing the facilities available to the school; it is also available for use by the wider community. | 25aa9bf4-84e7-4d79-ab37-09c59a2698aa |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Zakharov"} | Russian bobsledder
Nikita Zakharov (born (1987-06-14)14 June 1987 in Dmitrov) is a Russian bobsledder.
Zakharov competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Russia. He teamed with Nikolay Khrenkov, Petr Moiseev and Maxim Mokrousov in the Russia-3 sled in the four-man event, finishing 15th.
As of April 2014, his best showing at the World Championships is 11th, coming in the four-man event in 2012.
Zakharov made his World Cup debut in December 2012. As of April 2014, his best World Cup finish is 8th, in a four-man event at Winterberg in 2013-14. | c7c22549-f5ea-461b-aa42-f3949cf11648 |
null | The 1978 Islington Borough Council election took place on 4 May 1978 to elect members of Islington London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council.
Background
Election result
Ward results | 2e9301bf-7895-49d9-a849-78d64fe409a2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAMAS"} | VAMAS is the Versailles project on advanced materials and standards that aim to establish the scientific foundation for standardised measurements, testing, specifications, and standards through international collaborative projects. VAMAS promotes global trade in goods depending on innovative materials technologies.
History
The Versailles project on advanced materials and standards (VAMAS) was founded at the 1982 G7 Economic Summit. VAMAS support pre-standards research by providing the technical basis for measurements, testing, specifications, and standards. Using interlaboratory studies, this will lead to new improved test procedures, refence materials and data, or algorithms and software with the researchers being drawn from VAMAS and non-VAMAS countries. Results of these activities are submitted to ISO, Regional or National Standards bodies.
VAMAS founding countries are (1982-1983): Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, USA, EC. Some countries enjoined later in 2007-2008: Brazil, Mexico, Chinese Taipei, South Africa, Australia, South Korea, and India. China joined in 2013.
VMAS is supported by leadership in National measurement institutes (NMIs) including National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Physical laboratory (NPL), The British measurement and testing association (BMTA), International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM).
VAMAS was linked with IEA in 2002, International Bureau of Weights and Measures (WMRIF) in 2008, BIPM in 2008, IEC in 2014, ISO in 2014, Asia Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) in 2020. 85 national, regional or international standards, ~50 VAMAS reports, 5 ISO technology trends assessments (TTA), and ~600 publications resulted from VAMAS work.
VAMAS members can send up to three representatives to the steering committee which meets annually and consist of three representatives from each member.
Technical Work Areas
VAMAS technical work areas (TWA) are list for active and completed.
International Interlaboratory Comparison
Below examples of international interlaboratory comparison (ILC) and other studies done through VAMAS. | 511952a9-daa6-4dc0-af3e-ec55c738982e |
null | Samuel Doody (1656–1706) was an early English botanist.
Life
The eldest of the second family of his father, John Doody, an apothecary in Staffordshire who later moved to London where he had a shop in The Strand, he was born in Staffordshire 28 May 1656. He went into his father's business, to which he succeeded about 1696.
He undertook the care of the Apothecaries' Garden at Chelsea in 1693, at a salary of £100, which he seems to have continued until his death. Two years later he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. He died, after some weeks' illness, the last week in November 1706, and was buried at Hampstead 3 December, his funeral sermon being preached by his friend Adam Buddle.
Works
His sole contribution as an author seems to be a paper in the Philosophical Transactions (1697), xix. 390, on a case of dropsy in the breast. He had given some attention to botany before 1687, the date of a commonplace book, but his help is first acknowledged by John Ray in 1688 in the second volume of the Historia Plantarum. He was intimate with the botanists of his time: Ray, Leonard Plukenet, James Petiver, and Hans Sloane. He devoted himself to cryptogams, at that time very little studied, and became an authority on them. The results of his herborisations around London were recorded in his copy of Ray's ‘Synopsis,’ 2nd edit., now in the British Museum, and were used by Dillenius in preparing the third edition. | cb10c224-7687-42f9-a114-983c2a995138 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trujillo_Alto_barrio-pueblo"} | Historical and administrative center (seat) of Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico
Municipality Seat in Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico
Trujillo Alto barrio-pueblo is a barrio and the administrative center (seat) of Trujillo Alto, a municipality of Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 673.
As was customary in Spain, in Puerto Rico, the municipality has a barrio called pueblo which contains a central plaza, the municipal buildings (city hall), and a Catholic church. Fiestas patronales (patron saint festivals) are held in the central plaza every year.
The central plaza and its church
The central plaza, or square, is a place for official and unofficial recreational events and a place where people can gather and socialize from dusk to dawn. The Laws of the Indies, Spanish law, which regulated life in Puerto Rico in the early 19th century, stated the plaza's purpose was for "the parties" (celebrations, festivities) (Spanish: a propósito para las fiestas), and that the square should be proportionally large enough for the number of neighbors (Spanish: grandeza proporcionada al número de vecinos). These Spanish regulations also stated that the streets nearby should be comfortable portals for passersby, protecting them from the elements: sun and rain.
Located across the central plaza in Trujillo Alto barrio-pueblo is the Parroquia Exaltación de la Santa Cruz, a Roman Catholic church.
History
Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Trujillo Alto Pueblo was 1,025.
Festival
The annual Festival Del Macabeo is held in Trujillo Pueblo. The 39th edition of the event was held in 2019. The festival celebrates the macabeo, a local fried green banana treat. The festival and the dish is an important aspect of Trujillo Alto's culture and history.
Gallery
Places in Trujillo Alto barrio-pueblo: | 220a2749-81ee-4f2d-858c-5a42548c4a62 |
null | Horse race
The Ohio Derby is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually in mid-to-late June at Thistledown in North Randall, Ohio.
The Grade III stakes for three-year-olds is run on dirt over a distance of 11⁄8 miles.
The race currently offers a purse of $500,000.
Inaugurated in 1876 at Chester Park, a racetrack on Spring Grove Avenue in Cincinnati, Ohio, the race was canceled after the 1883 running. It was revived in 1924 by the Maple Heights Park racetrack with future Hall of Fame inductee and that year's Kentucky Derby winner Black Gold claiming victory. From 1928 thru 1932 the Ohio Derby was hosted by the now defunct Bainbridge Park Race Track in Bainbridge Township, Ohio, built in 1927 by John King and Homer Kline.
Pete D. Anderson, trainer of 2007 winner Delightful Kiss, won this race in 1964 as the jockey on National.
The Ohio Derby was not scheduled to be run in 2009 in order to maintain reasonable purses for area horsemen. However, an announcement was made in August that the Grade II race would run on October 3, 2009 on the Best of Ohio card. This race was downgraded from a graded stakes to a listed stakes in 2014. The race regained graded status in 2017 by The American Graded Stakes Committee of the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association.
As of 2016, this race is run at 1 and 1/8th miles.
Records
Speed record:
Most wins by a jockey:
Most wins by a trainer:
Most wins by an owner:
Winners | 9afd746c-6e1e-4964-ac86-e20504da6ac0 |
null | Overview of the events of 2018 in classical music
This article lists major events and other topics related to classical music in 2018.
Events
New works
New operas
Albums
Deaths
Major awards
Grammy Awards
Royal Philharmonic Society Awards
Gramophone Classical Music Awards 2018
Musical America Awards
Juno Awards
British Composer Awards
Other | 7e29239a-ad50-43db-9337-7bfb591dba21 |
null | The Schönfeld Upland (German: Schönfelder Hochland) is a plateau in Dresden. It is named after Schönfeld, the district of Dresden in the middle of the plateau. Up to 1950, when Pillnitz was incorporated into Dresden, the upland was known as the Pillnitzer Elbe Plateau.
Location
The Schönfeld Upland is in the east of the Saxon capital of Dresden. It extends over an area of approximately 45 square kilometres to the edges of neighbouring Dürröhsdorf-Dittersbach in the rural district of Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge.
Places in the Schönfeld Upland include Borsberg, Cunnersdorf, Eichbusch, Eschdorf, Gönnsdorf, Helfenberg, Krieschendorf, Malschendorf, Pappritz, Reitzendorf, Rockau, Rosinendörfchen, Rossendorf, Schönfeld, Schullwitz, Weißig and Zaschendorf. The Dresden districts of Rochwitz, Oberwachwitz (where the Dresden TV Tower is located) and Bühlau are also part of the landscape of the Schönfelder Upland.
The Schönfeld Upland is part of the West Lusatian Highlands, making it part of the foothills of the Sudetes. It is over 250 metres above sea level on the Lusatian Plateau. The highest points in the Schönfeld Upland are the Triebenberg, the highest mountain in Dresden, and the Borsberg in the south of the upland, at 383 and 361 metres above sea level, respectively, followed by the 344-metre-high (1,129 ft) Napoleonstein ("Napoleon Rock") between Weißig and Rossendorf.
In the south and southwest the upland is bordered by the Dresden Elbe valley, running along the Lusatian fault, where the elevation steeply falls 200 metres to the Dresden Elbe valley. In the Northwest near Weißig, the Schönfeld Upland transitions into the Dresden Heath. The northeast border is marked by the flat, grassy hollow on the upper reaches of the Prießnitz. The upland's northeastern neighbour is the Harthe, the forested area including the Dresden-Rossendorf Research Centre. The transitions to the east and southeast are fluid—here the ground level leisurely drops towards the Wesenitz.
Landscape
Typical of the upland are gently rolling to hilly areas, featuring a fragmented and variable structure with long ridges, low crests and shallow valleys. In the southwestern periphery, deep, narrow valleys cut into the plateau, where steep streams flow to the Elbe. These valleys are, from northwest to southeast the Wachwitzgrund near Wachwitz, the Helfenberger Grund and Preßgrund near Niederpoyritz, the Keppgrund near Hosterwitz, the Vogelgrund and the Friedrichsgrund near Pillnitz and the Tiefe Grund between Oberpoyritz and Graupa. The most important water course draining the upland to the east is the Schullwitzbach.
The broad fields and meadows are punctuated by villages but forested areas are absent. Despite belonging to the city of Dresden, the Schönfeld Upland is still dominated by agriculture. There are approximately 2600 hectares of arable land in the upland. In the GDR, various LPGs farmed the area. Today, it is mostly farmed by the Agrarproduktionsgesellschaft ('Agricultural Production Company') Schönfelder Hochland. Continuing the farming tradition is, among others, the smallholding museum Reizendorf.
Protection
Together with the Dresden Elbe valley, parts of the Schönfeld Upland have formed a contiguous protected area since 4 July 1974.
Trivia
The local transport company Hochlandexpress, located in Weißig, and the Hochlandverlag (publishing house) in Pappritz are both named after the Schönfeld Upland. The former Dürrörsdorf-Weißig railway line was also known as the Upland Railway and, today, has been converted into a popular bike path. The Hochlandfest ("Upland Festival") takes place every year and, every month the Hochland-Kurier ("Upland Courier") is published. | 522f6e6f-12a8-427f-b405-337664687efe |
null | American sportswriter
Herbert Warren Wind (August 11, 1916 – May 30, 2005) was an American sportswriter noted for his writings on golf.
Early years
Born in Brockton, Massachusetts, Wind began golf at age seven at the Thorny Lea Golf Club in Brockton, and played whenever he could. He graduated from Yale University, where he contributed to campus humor magazine The Yale Record. He earned a master's degree in English Literature from the University of Cambridge. At Cambridge, Wind became friends with the noted British golf writer Bernard Darwin, a grandson of evolutionist Charles Darwin.
Wind was a low handicapper who played golf well enough to compete in the 1950 British Amateur Championship, and maintained a lifelong interest in the sport.
Life and career
Wind began writing for The New Yorker in 1941, covered golf and sometimes other sports for that weekly magazine from 1947 until 1953, and again from 1960 until his retirement in 1990. From 1954 to 1960, he covered golf and sometimes other sports for Sports Illustrated magazine. Although associated with golf, Wind wrote articles on a wide range of sports including tennis, basketball, and football.
In 1958, Wind coined the phrase 'Amen Corner' to describe the second shot at the 11th, all of the 12th, and the tee shot at the 13th hole at the Augusta National Golf Club, site of the annual Masters Tournament. That nickname, which is derived from a 1935 song that Wind had heard while a student at Yale, "Shoutin' in that Amen Corner" written by Andy Razaf, which was recorded by the Dorsey Brothers Orchestra, vocal by Mildred Bailey (Brunswick label No. 6655). Wind covered more than 30 Masters tournaments.
His first book was The Story of American Golf, which first appeared in 1948, and was updated and re-issued twice, the most recent in 1975. This book was the most comprehensive history of American golf to that juncture. Along with Ben Hogan, Wind co-authored Five Lessons: The Modern Fundamentals of Golf in 1957. This book has become one of the all-time classics of golf instruction, and has been re-issued many times.
He was a co-author of the 1976 book The World Atlas of Golf, a popular survey of the world's top golf courses, which has been re-issued since in several revised editions.
In 1983, with the help of Robert Macdonald, Herbert Warren Wind co-founded and curated the Classics of Golf Library—a collection of the world's greatest golf literature. Under the guidance of Wind, the Classics of Golf Library was created to preserve and make available the works of the leading authors of early and modern golf literature. Wind and Macdonald reprinted these classic golf books and added Forewords and Afterwords to provide insight and perspective to the great literary works. Sixty-nine books make up the Classics of Golf Library today, which is featured in the USGA Museum.
In 1992, the PGA of America honored Wind with its lifetime achievement award. The United States Golf Association presented Wind with the Bob Jones Award, its highest award, in 1995, the centennial of the USGA. He is the only writer to receive the award. In 2006, the United States Golf Association renamed its annual Book Award in his honor. Wind was elected to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2008 in the Lifetime Achievement category.
Wind died in Bedford, Massachusetts at age 88.
Selected books
Wind wrote or edited a number of books in addition to his numerous articles for magazines. His The Story of American Golf is considered a seminal work on the subject.
Articles | f4e279b8-8b97-436d-9d33-e1f085227138 |
null | American toy company
Plan B Toys Ltd. is a Groveport, Ohio–based toy company, founded in 1999 by Jay Borman, Chris Borman, and Tony Simione, former employees of ReSaurus Company, who founded it with the intention of freely creating new ideas and properties without corporate boundaries.
Plan B Toys has operated for the past few years as a development house. During that time, Plan-B has developed product for a variety of toy manufacturers, including ReSaurus, Palisades Toys, WizKids, Diamond Comics, Parent Banc, and Cartoon Books. Plan B has been involved with the development of product for many successful licenses including Muppets, Street Fighter, Resident Evil, Mage Knight, Crash Bandicoot, Sonic the Hedgehog, Star Wars and many others. In 2006, Plan B planned to release additional licensed products. Products are in development for Jim Henson's Dark Crystal and Labyrinth films. They are also developing new World War II figures. New paratroopers and other figures will be available in a new deluxe format.
Nazi controversy
In October 2004 a Plan B Toys action figure depicting a Totenkopf Panzer division officer, licensed from the video game Call of Duty, came under fire. A Canadian customer complained that the figure glorified the Nazi party and demanded that the figure be removed from store shelves. A representative for Plan B explained that the figure was intended to be a faithful reproduction of a historical figure and a video game character, and was in no way intended to support any political idea or ideology. Regardless, the company agreed to recall the figures. | 1007de27-b688-4524-8551-8cc7a61be55e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_It%27s_Polka_Time_at_Your_House"} | 1991 studio album by Jimmy Sturr and His Orchestra
When It's Polka Time at Your House is an album by Jimmy Sturr and His Orchestra, released through Vanguard Records in 1991. In 1991, the album won Sturr the Grammy Award for Best Polka Recording.
Track listing
Personnel | 31085e07-0fa3-4b48-a9d9-2c1b1bb62818 |
null | The Jones Lectureship at Stanford University is a two-year teaching fellowship available to previous Stegner Fellows. The Lectureship is available in fiction and poetry and is intended to provide writers with the time and support needed to complete book-length literary projects. Jones Lecturers typically teach several undergraduate courses per year. The Lectureship is named for Richard Foster Jones, head of the Stanford English Department when Wallace Stegner founded Stanford's Creative Writing Program following the end of Second World War. The original $500,000 endowment for the Lectureship came from Dr. E. H. Jones, a Texas oilman and brother of Richard Foster Jones.
Other appointments available to former Stegner Fellows include the Marsh McCall Lectureship and the Draper Lectureship, each two-year appointments at Stanford University. The Marsh McCall Lecturer oversees the staffing and teaching of creative writing courses at Stanford Continuing Studies. It is named for Classics Professor Marsh McCall, former dean of Continuing Studies. Former Marsh McCall Lecturers include Julie Orringer, Stephen Elliott, Eric Puchner, Adam Johnson and Angela Pneuman. The Draper Lecturer primarily teaches undergraduate courses in creative non-fiction. It is named for Phyllis Draper and William Henry Draper III.
List of notable Jones Lecturers | 2e4728e8-f26e-41c5-8c9e-be853ed029bc |
null | Minia may refer to: | 3318b4ef-1b20-42a9-a1eb-3e98b8f6931c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gorgon"} | 1964 film
The Gorgon is a 1964 British horror film directed by Terence Fisher for Hammer Films. It stars Christopher Lee, Peter Cushing, Richard Pasco and Barbara Shelley.
Plot
Central Europe 1910: The village of Vandorf has suffered seven horrific murders in five years. In each case, the unfortunate victim has been turned to stone.
In the old millhouse on the edge of the forest, Sascha Cass tells her artist boyfriend Bruno Heitz she is carrying his child. Wanting to stand up to his obligations, Bruno races off into the night to see Sascha's father despite her pleas for him not to go. She races after him, but soon loses him in the dark forest. There, amongst the dark shadows, something catches her attention. She looks into the face of something hideous and screams. Raising her head once more, she looks upon the horror and screams again before dying. Upon examination of the body, Dr. Namaroff, a local brain specialist at the Vandorf Medical Institution, discovers the body has turned to stone. Suspicion immediately falls onto Bruno, who is missing, but he is found hanged in the forest by a police search party. An incompetent inquest decides it is a case of murder and suicide and Dr. Namaroff doesn't reveal the condition of Cass' corpse.
The villagers, feeling robbed of any vengeance, attack Bruno's father, Professor Jules Heitz. The local Police warn the Professor to leave the village, but he refuses to go until his son's name is cleared. He seeks help from Dr. Namaroff. Heitz knows that a conspiracy of silence has been set up and that the villagers do not believe the true cause. Professor Heitz believes the murders are the result of something unhuman and hideous from Ancient Mythology. Its spirit haunts the Castle Borski; its name is Megeara, a Gorgon, a creature whose horrible face can turn human skin to stone. On hearing Hertz's belief, Namaroff immediately terminates their discussion.
Professor Heitz contacts his good friend Professor Meister of Leipzig University, who is also his son Paul's tutor. Paul immediately leaves to see his father. That night, Professor Heitz is drawn to Borski Castle by a strange calling sound. There, amongst the shadows, he looks upon something horrible; the face of Megeara the Gorgon. He manages to stagger back to the millhouse, and there, whilst slowly turning to stone, outlines a letter to his son Paul telling him of the horror that haunts Vandorf. His final words ‘I am turning to stone.’ Paul arrives, and learning the sad news of his father's death, goes to see Namaroff. He is rudely dismissed when he asks if there is any link with the supernatural his father wrote of in his dying letter. Paul does however gain sympathy from Professor Namaroff's beautiful assistant Carla Hoffman, who visits him at the old millhouse and secretly reads the letter Professor Heitz had written. Later, she recites what she can remember of the letter to Namaroff at the Institution. They are interrupted by Ratoff, the warden who reports that Martha, a violent inmate, has escaped. Namaroff reveals to Carla that the spirit of Megeara the Gorgon does exist and occasionally takes over the body of an unfortunate human being.
That night, Paul is drawn outside the millhouse by a strange sound and there glimpses the horror of the Gorgon's reflection in the garden pool. He wakes five days later in the Medical Institution, aged by ten years. Determined to destroy the creature, Paul returns to the millhouse. Namaroff has Carla followed by Ratoff. That night, there is a full moon. Under the full moon, Paul visits the graveyard and exhumes his father's body and discovers it is solid stone. Carla silently watches him from the shadows. Emerging from her hiding place, she confides to Paul that Namaroff is in love with her and she is terrified of him. Paul tells Carla that he will take her away with him when the horror is ended. But Carla fears it will be too late by then.
Paul's tutor Professor Meister arrives at the millhouse to see him. Meanwhile, at the Medical Institution, Namaroff removes the brain from Martha, the dangerous inmate who died soon after recapture by Ratoff. Carla believed Martha to be the main suspect in the murders, but now she senses a far worse suspicion. Meister and Paul visit Inspector Kanof. They force him to tell them that Carla arrived in Vandorf as an amnesiac prior to the first murder.
Meeting in secret at Castle Borski early next morning, Carla tells Paul that she will go away with him to safety, but it must be now. He refuses and she runs off. Paul runs after her and is attacked by a waiting Ratoff, but Meister scares him off. Meister tells Paul he believes that Carla becomes an amnesiac during the full moon. It is during that period that the spirit of Megeara enters her body. Paul agrees with Carla that to leave now is the best thing, but she must leave immediately and he will follow later when the mystery is solved. Later that day Paul cables Leipzig where Carla is supposed to have arrived by train, but there is no sign of her.
That night he goes to Castle Borski as a full moon is rising. There midst the Castle ruins, Namaroff is waiting with a sword for the arrival of Carla. He attacks Paul and they fight. As the fight continues the Gorgon appears at the top of the Castle staircase. Namaroff seizes the chance and races forward to behead the creature, but he looks upon its face and is turned to stone. Paul is trapped as the creature advances on him and he sees her reflection in a mirror. Silently Professor Meister approaches from behind clutching Namaroff's sword. With a swift slash of the blade he beheads the creature - but it is too late to save Paul who is now dying. Slowly turning to stone, Paul looks upon the severed head of the Gorgon as its features change to that of his beloved Carla.
Cast
Production
The Gorgon was based on a story submitted to Hammer by their Canadian fan, J. Llewellyn Divine. Director John Gilling and producer Anthony Nelson Keys expanded on Divine's outline, developing it into a screenplay. For the role of the monster, former ballerina Prudence Hyman was recruited because the monster was supposed to float gracefully like a wraith. Filming occurred at Bray Studios in Berkshire.
Release
The Gorgon was distributed in the United Kingdom by Columbia Pictures/BLC Films on October 18, 1964 where it was supported by The Curse of the Mummy's Tomb. It was released in the United States by Columbia Pictures on February 17, 1965 where it was also supported by The Curse of the Mummy's Tomb.
The Gorgon was released in the U.S. on Blu-ray by Mill Creek Entertainment in March 2018 as a double feature along with the Hammer movie, The Two Faces of Dr. Jekyll. The title of the film is misspelled as “The Gorgan” on the spine.
Reception
Variety wrote, "Though written and directed on a leisurely note, 'The Gorgon' is a well-made, direct yarn that mainly gets its thrills through atmosphere. The period storyline is simple and predictable, but John Gilling has turned out a well-rounded piece and Terence Fisher's direction is restrained enough to avoid any unintentional yocks." The Monthly Film Bulletin found that the monster's appearance was "belated, vague and insufficiently spectacular. Still, it makes a change from vampires, and though the film has little genuine flair for atmosphere it is quite well acted by Richard Pasco and an appropriately blank-eyed, statuesque Barbara Shelley."
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 67% based on 9 reviews, with a weighted average rating of 6/10.
In other media
The Gorgon was adapted into a 17-page comics story by Scott Goodall, with art by Trevor Goring and Alberto Cuyas, which was told in two parts in the magazine The House of Hammer, issues #11 and 12, published in August 1977 and September 1977 by General Books Distribution (an imprint of Thorpe & Porter). | adf0f3e2-4721-432c-95de-41c2b57fdeb8 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gulley_Flats_Boys"} | 2005 studio album by Francis Dunnery
The Gulley Flats Boys is a double-disc album from British musician Francis Dunnery, released in 2005. It is very stripped down, revolving around Dunnery's acoustic guitar playing and piano, courtesy of David Sancious, and featuring minimal percussion. It features two re-recordings of older songs in Good Life and Heartache Reborn - the latter being almost entirely re-worked. Lyrically, the album deals with the reaching of "the middle of life", and Francis has stated that it deals with a mid-life crisis of sorts. The title of the album is a reference to the council estate in Cumbria, North-west England where Francis grew up alongside the friends pictured on the album cover.
Track listing
Disc One
Disc Two | a34dfdf1-cb99-410b-abc5-3427ec654a2d |
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