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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A6ska:_Sk%C3%A1ldsaga"} | Gæska: Skáldsaga (lit. 'kindness: a novel') is the third novel by the Icelandic author Eiríkur Örn Norðdahl, written in Helsinki and Ísafjörður between 2007 and 2009.
Form
The novel is often surreal or magical-realist, with many more-or-less impossible events taking place, often without explicit comment on their oddness. For example, the novel adverts to a spate of women jumping from tall buildings, but the fatal consequences of these leaps never seem to eventuate; Mount Esja is undergoing a volcanic eruption for almost the whole of the novel, ceasing at the end in a moment of pathetic fallacy; and ninety-three million refugees arrive, without explanation, in Iceland. Direct speech is sometimes in literary prose rather than realistic.
The novel is divided into two halves, one set before and one after a revolution caused by an economic meltdown, which brings an all-woman, left-wing government to power. Particularly in the first half, material is narrated in all three persons, each person being associated with narration from a different character's point of view:
The novel also includes a number of quoted verses, and, particularly in the first half, biblical allusions.
Content
In the first half of the novel, which takes place over seven days, Halldór Garðar and Freyleif both suddenly find themselves facing dramatic mid-life crises: Halldór after falling into a career as a callous right-wing politician, Freyleif after devoting all her energy to the well-being of the people around her, particularly her family. Halldór flees his job as an MP (and his wife), taking up residence at the Hótel Borg, on Austurvöllur, the square where the Icelandic parliament building stands. Freyleif begins threatening her husband to commit suicide by jumping from the block of flats where she lives, before going out on the town and having sex with a stranger.
Meanwhile, Austurvöllur fills with people from all walks of life: protesters, entrepreneurs, and the poor trying to cope with Iceland's crumbling economic situation. Here Halldór meets Amelía, the daughter of Moroccan refugees Kadír and Fatíma, whom the Icelandic state has arrested in order to eradicate their traditions to replace them with stereotyped nationalist Icelandic culture. With the help of Freyleif and to a lesser extent the hapless Halldór, Amelía rescues her parents. Thereafter, Halldór and Kadír absent themselves from the action, locking themselves in a room in Halldór and Millý's flat. Fatíma and Amelía stay with Freyleif, however. They assist Freyleif with her soup kitchen on Austurvöllur.
The second half, which takes place over four days, picks up the story after a revolution has happened bringing Millý to power at the head of an all-woman government, with Freyleif at her side. Millý reluctantly tries to convince the lecherous head of the International Monetary Fund, Aimé De Mesmaeker, to give Iceland a loan by having sex with him. She later, however, refuses a loan on the grounds that the IMF tends not to act in people's best interests anyway. Meanwhile, Fatíma also takes a central role in completing the first purpose-build Reykjavík Mosque, partly with the help of a surprised Óli Dóri, bringing her feminism to the centre of its activities. The denouement of the novel sees ninety-three million refugees arrive in Iceland, with Millý's purposeful, humanitarian and humanist embracing of their arrival as an opportunity for Iceland rather than a threat; Fatíma leading the first service in the new mosque; and the reuniting of Halldór and Kadír with their families. The end of the novel does not resolve Iceland's immigration crisis, but a positive tone is struck.
Relations to real events
The novel has a great deal in common with events of the 2008–11 Icelandic financial crisis, but the first half was written before those events unfolded. Eiríkur Örn has written that it
leaves off moments after the economic collapse (which, having been written before the actual collapse, looks quite a bit different from real life) and resumes “a while later this same endless summer” – meaning that it too contains a gap where the actual “action” took place, and does not deal directly (unsymbolically) with the events of Austurvöllur or the crisis itself.
In the estimation of Guðrún Baldvinsdóttir,
the Utopian ending of the book is improbable and becomes ironic when looked at in comparison with Icelandic society in reality. Its typical dualism, good and evil, male and female, wealth and poverty, and others, can save the utopian world but unlikely to do so in reality. Things are more complicated than that, and the author of the book points to the alienation which dwells in our mentality. It also makes fun of a mentality that can often be found in the discourse of Icelandic society, that Iceland is somehow important for the international community. Although the national self-image may crash, it is built up again on the illusion that in the end it will come about that it is us who will save the world.
Reviews and studies | 5bdfb195-9658-485e-9a46-aa0c1b316754 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortara_Center_For_International_Studies"} | The Mortara Center for International Studies is an academic research center at Georgetown University in Washington, DC. As part of Georgetown's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, the Mortara Center organizes and co-sponsors lectures, seminars, and conferences and provides support for research and publications on international affairs. The current Director of the Mortara Center is Professor and Chair of the Georgetown University International Theory and Research Seminar (GUITARS) Abraham L. Newman. Past Directors include Kathleen R. McNamara, John McNeill, Carol Lancaster, Charles Kupchan, and John Ikenberry. Former United States Secretary of State Madeleine Albright is the Michael and Virginia Mortara Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy. The Mortara Center was established through a gift from the Michael and Virginia Mortara Foundation.
Mission
The stated mission of the Mortara Center:
The Mortara Center for International Studies seeks to advance scholarship and inform policy by combining the expertise of scholars and the experience of international affairs practitioners to illuminate the fundamental forces — political, economic, and cultural — that shape international relations. To realize this mission, the Center organizes and co-sponsors lectures, seminars, and conferences and provides support for research and publications.
History
Founding
The Mortara Center for International Studies was established in 2003 with a gift from the Michael and Virginia Mortara Foundation. At the time of his death in November 2000, Mr. Mortara was president and chief executive officer of Goldman Sachs Ventures. As an alumnus, Mortara served on the University's Board of Directors, recruited Georgetown students to Goldman Sachs, and encouraged the firm to support a variety of projects on campus. Virginia Mortara also has served as a past member of the Georgetown Board of Directors and Board of Regents. She currently sits on the School of Foreign Service Visiting Board. The Mortaras' elder son is a graduate of the School of Foreign Service class of 2004, and their younger son is a graduate of the class of 2009.
Mortara Building
The Mortara Center is located at 3600 N Street NW. Opened in September 2005, the building features a conference room with audio-visual technology (including VTC) utilized for classes and events, office facilities for School of Foreign Service faculty, and Georgetown's Center for Security Studies.
Lepgold Book Prize
The Mortara Center oversees the annual Georgetown University Lepgold Book Prize. The prize was created in honor of Joseph S. Lepgold, a Georgetown University Government and School of Foreign Service professor who died in December 2001. The $1,000 prize honors exceptional contributions to the study of international relations, with specific emphasis on the resolution of critical policy challenges. The winning author gives a lecture at the Mortara Center on his or her scholarship.
Past Winners
Events
Goldman Sachs Distinguished Lecture Series
The Goldman Sachs Distinguished Lecture features an internationally recognized scholar or government official speaking on an international issue of public concern. Past speakers have included Lawrence Summers, Samuel P. Huntington, John Ruggie, Robert Rubin, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, and Russell Feingold.
Modern International History Lectures
The Modern International History Lecture features a contemporary historian who presents on an aspect of recent history related to international relations. The inaugural lecture was given by Yale University's John Lewis Gaddis in 2006. Past lecturers include Paul Kennedy, Niall Ferguson, and Margaret MacMillan.
Illuminati Dinner Series
The Illuminati Dinner Series at the Mortara Center is a formal dinner series where students converse with Georgetown's distinguished visiting scholars and faculty practitioners.
Research
Mortara Undergraduate Research Fellows
The Mortara Undergraduate Research Fellows (MURFS) Program partners a select group of School of Foreign Service students with professors to collaborate on research projects on contemporary international relations issues throughout their undergraduate career.
Research Seminars
Mortara's research seminars unite faculty and students to discuss new research in academic disciplines of the School of Foreign Service. Research seminar sessions bring together Georgetown faculty, students, and invited scholars from various disciplines to share ideas, critique working papers, and collaborate on research. These meetings are made possible through partnerships with the Departments of History, Government and the Georgetown Public Policy Institute. The current research seminar groups include:
Global Political Economy Project
Funded by a grant from the Open Society Foundation, the Global Political Economy Project aims to spur research on how the globalization of markets affects all aspects of people's lives and how the power of globalization can be used as a force for good in the world. | cc1c8957-d984-41b8-9acc-f66397b10760 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walnut_Grove_(Cheneyville,_Louisiana)"} | Historic house in Louisiana, United States
United States historic place
Walnut Grove is a historic house located 0.2 miles (0.32 km) southwest of Bayou Rapides and about 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of Cheneyville, Louisiana.
Description and history
This plantation house was designed by Jabez Tanner and built in 1830. It is a two-story building with a modified central hall plan and a hip roof. A front porch was added in 1927 and there has been reworking of the ground floor including closing in the previously open central hall. A Queen Anne stairway and arch have also been added. There is a new construction tin roof with roof hatchway. The house originally featured a large formal garden in the front. The two story brick building is an example of Federal architecture with its five bay articulation, fanlights and hip roof. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1980. | 3bb87aed-1649-4b52-af64-c04497d58054 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septemvriytsi,_Dobrich_Province"} | Village in Dobrich Province, Bulgaria
Septemvriytsi is a village in Kavarna Municipality, Dobrich Province, northeastern Bulgaria. | 5a7e2a30-1eeb-4a4a-aad5-ed79cc440f4a |
null | Buck Branch may refer to: | 67a1fada-3174-4878-a1bc-e9f3e269ae92 |
null | World of Pub is a radio and television sitcom, set in a pub in the East End of London, written by Tony Roche, directed by Michael Cumming and produced by Jane Berthoud.
The radio version had two series on BBC Radio 4, between 4 March 1998 and 28 January 1999, both lasting four episodes. The series one episodes last 15 minutes, whereas series two had episodes lasting 30 minutes. The TV series ran for six episodes, lasting 30 minutes, between 24 June and 29 July 2001 on BBC Two.
Plot
Each episode was set in an unsuccessful pub in London's East End. At the end of each episode, a disaster, visit from royalty, angry mob etc. destroys the pub. The pub is run by brothers, the nervous Barry and the idiotic Garry. The only regulars of the pub are Bob and Dodgy Phil. Every episode revolves around one of Dodgy Phil's plans to improve the pub, a plan which Barry always has doubts about. The doubts are often confirmed due to the pub's destruction at the end of every episode. One of the running jokes in the series is that, as the pub is next to a zoo, unusual animals are often found inside it. The plot often follows the same formula; The pub is destroyed or needs rebuilding, and Dodgy Phil produces a scheme to re-launch the pub, which Barry disputes. Dodgy Phil telephones a friend, such as 'Mock Tudor Mick' or 'Logistical Nightmare Len', who arrives immediately to rebuild the pub, together with a set of characters represented by sound effects, and often Edith Piaf. The work is then finished in a short sound effect (often to the sound of Je ne regrette rien). The plan is flawed, and the pub is destroyed or closed down at the end of each episode.
Cast
The only member of the cast to appear in all of the episodes is Phil Cornwell, who plays Barry.
Garry is played by Peter Serafinowicz in the first radio series, but by Alistair McGowan in series two. Serafinowicz returned as Garry in the television series.
Dodgy Phil is played by John Thomson in the radio series, but by Kevin Eldon in the TV series.
Guest appearances
The television version had some noticeable guest appearances. In the episodes Queen, cockney singers Chas and Dave make an appearance.
In the episode Ladies, feminist Germaine Greer makes an appearance, where she sings "Stand by Your Man".
Episodes
Radio
Television | f13f42a3-05a4-4449-bbdc-41a916c64167 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huba,_Lesser_Poland_Voivodeship"} | Village in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland
Huba [ˈxuba] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czorsztyn, within Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Maniowy, 16 km (10 mi) east of Nowy Targ, and 68 km (42 mi) south of the regional capital Kraków.
The village of Huba, Poland is one of the smallest Podhalanian villages. Her history dates back to the 17th century, with over 400 years of history and sixteen generations of residents. In 1869 the village was made up of 22 houses and 146 residence and by 1952 there were 30 houses.
To read more about Huba, read Andrzej Niemiec. "The History of Huba". Retrieved 5 September 2011. Publisher Janina Machon-Bartula[citation needed] | 6047557f-913f-41bb-836d-959dc2e092b9 |
null | The following is a list of suicides attributed to bullying — both in-person and via the Internet (aka cyberbullying).
For a list of people who died from suicide, regardless of reason, see List of suicides and List of suicides in the 21st century.
List of Suicides Attributed to Bullying | fdc67f8d-844c-4de8-b99e-de8ecd2df18f |
null | Thompson Township is a township in Guthrie County, Iowa, USA. | b38dceea-5b7c-43b1-b39a-c18241a0ac13 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismet_(1931_film)"} | 1931 film
Kismet is a 1931 American drama film directed by William Dieterle and starring Gustav Fröhlich, Dita Parlo and Vladimir Sokoloff. It was produced as a German-language version of the 1930 Warner Brothers film Kismet.
Cast
Bibliography | 952342f6-f442-43d4-a7c1-50e3290a3477 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BHS"} | Look up BHS in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
BHS may refer to:
Organisations
Schools
Topics referred to by the same term | 575b8c94-c1f6-48bd-afe0-57c7ec3ed319 |
null | The 2016 Berserk anime series is based on the manga series of the same name by Kentaro Miura. The series uses four pieces of theme music, two opening and ending themes. For season one, the opening is "Inferno" by 9mm Parabellum Bullet while the ending is "Meimoku no Kanata" (瞑目の彼方, lit. "Beyond Closed Eyes") by Nagi Yanagi. For season two, the opening is "Sacrifice", by 9mm Parabellum Bullet, while the ending theme is "Issai wa Monogatari" (一切は物語, lit. "Everything is the Story") by Yoshino Nanjō ft. Nagi Yanagi.
Episode list
Season 1 (2016)
Season 2 (2017) | 3a01dd58-cef6-49c0-bd0b-1d1ebb0a26e8 |
null | Rheem, California may refer to: | 34f8e57f-5704-4294-be7e-a1633e5e786a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanami_bioregion"} | Region in Australia
Tanami is an interim Australian bioregion, comprising 25,997,277 hectares (64,240,670 acres) in the Northern Territory and Western Australia. It is part of the Great Sandy-Tanami desert ecoregion.
The bioregion has the code TAN. There are three subregions. | c3dcde0b-d126-4c12-909a-ac154944e404 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahncappsia_cynoalis"} | Species of moth
Hahncappsia cynoalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1895. It is found in Guatemala and Panama.
The wingspan is about 23 mm for males and 20–21 mm for females. Adults have been recorded on wing in May. | 9fe18a9f-cf9b-4a14-a8ae-ddc8eb748d57 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphanomyces_euteiches"} | Species of single-celled organism
Aphanomyces euteiches is a water mould, or oomycete, plant pathogen responsible for the disease Aphanomyces root rot. The species Aphanomyces euteiches can infect a variety of legumes. Symptoms of the disease can differ among hosts but generally include reduced root volume and function, leading to stunting and chlorotic foliage. Aphanomyces root rot is an important agricultural disease in the United States, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. Management includes using resistant crop varieties and having good soil drainage, as well as testing soil for the pathogen to avoid infected fields.
Hosts and symptoms
Hosts of Aphanomyces euteiches can be annuals or perennials in the legume family, including: pea (Pisum sativum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), snap bean and red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), faba bean (Vicia faba), red clover (Trifolium pratense), and white clover (Trifolium repens). Of particular concern is Aphanomyces euteiches f.sp. pisi, which is responsible for pea root rot and is the most economically damaging form of pea root rot. In North America, genetically distinct populations of A. euteiches demonstrate host specificity, but such specificity has not been observed in Europe.
Because A. euteiches is a root-infecting pathogen, primary symptoms occur on roots and stem tissue below the soil line. Infected roots often appear gray and water-soaked, eventually becoming soft and honey-brown or blackish-brown in appearance. Infection causes a reduction in root volume and function, including reduced nodulation, leading to decreased water and nutrient up-take, which lead to above-ground secondary symptoms. Symptoms in the above-ground plant tissue can include chlorosis of the cotyledons and necrosis of the epicotyls and/or hypocotyls, stunting, and wilting of foliage. Some symptoms can differ among hosts. Infected plants and patterns of infection in the field often correspond to areas in the field with poor soil drainage, which can be the result of soil compaction, soil texture (high clay content), or excessive wetness due to irrigation or rainfall. Symptoms are generally similar among infected legumes, however timing and pattern of disease can differ among hosts and between annuals and perennials. In both peas and beans, lesions tend to progress up the plant tissue, starting with the epicotyls and moving to the hypocotyls, eventually extending above the soil. Lesions on pea epicotyls turn black, eventually creating a pinched region above the cotyledons as the result of pinched tissue. Lesions on beans, on the other hand, have a characteristic water-soaked appearance, are grayish-green in color, and are firm to the touch. In alfalfa symptoms include chlorotic cotyledons which may eventually become necrotic.
Although the symptoms caused by A. euteiches can be difficult to distinguish from symptoms caused by other root-infecting plant pathogens (such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Fusarium), there are some distinct differences. Aphanomyces root rot rarely results in seed rot and/or pre-emergent damping-off. The characteristic lesions caused by the different pathogens also differ. Fusarium infection results in black or reddish vascular tissue, and Rhizoctonia infection results in sunken, cankerous lesions.
A. euteiches exhibits no macroscopic signs, but oogonia and oospores can be seen in root tissue with a compound microscope.
Disease cycle
Aphanomyces root rot is an example of a monocyclic disease, causing only one infection cycle per season. This is in contrast to polycyclic diseases, which can infect new hosts and produce multiple disease cycles within a single season. A. euteiches is not usually a saprophyte in nature, but can be grown in culture in the lab.
Although A. euteiches can potentially infect hosts at any point in the growing season, infection usually begins during seedling emergence. The primary source of inoculum is oospores, which can be found either in the soil or in infected plant debris from previously infected host plants. Oospores germinate as a response to chemical signals detected from the roots of new hosts plants. Germination can either be direct or indirect. Either way, infecting begins at the cell in the root tips of the host plant. In direct germination, the oospore produces hyphae which directly penetrate host cells at the plant's root tips. In indirect germination, the oospore produces sporangia which release zoospores. The zoospores then encyst on the host plant cells, and germinate. After direct or indirect germination, coenocytic hyphae of A. euteiches colonize host tissue through inter- and intra-cellular growth. For sexual reproduction, hyphae develop male and female gametangia called, respectively, antheridia and oogonia. Because Aphanomyces euteiches is homothallic the antheridium and oogonium arise from the same hypha and are self-compatible, meaning separate mating types are not needed for sexual reproduction. The antheridium fertilizes an oogonium, which then develops into a single oospore, which is 20-35 micrometers in diameter.
When growing under optimal conditions, an infection of A. euteiches can result in symptoms within 10 days, and oospores can be formed between 7 and 14 days. Oospores become dormant after being formed, and can survive for more than 10 years.
Environment
Aphanomyces is a soil-borne disease, and the entire lifecycle is completed in the host root and surrounding soil. The pathogen A. euteiches does best in warm, wet soil conditions, but can survive at a range of moderate temperatures. Infection is most prevalent when host plants are in the seedling stage, and when temperatures are between 22 and 28 degrees Celsius. Because zoospores require water for mobility, standing water in the soil increases host infection by making it easier for zoospores to move to host cells. After infection, though, the development of symptoms is favored by warm and dry soil conditions.
Management
The most effective management technique available to farmers is the use of disease-resistant cultivars. Resistant cultivars have been identified in alfalfa, bean, pea and red clover. Breeding for resistance has been successful in alfalfa and beans, however in beans it has been difficult to establish resistant cultivars that also meet consumer needs. The efficacy of chemical suppression is dependent on environmental factors such as temperature and soil moisture. Before widespread fungicide use, control consisted mainly of avoiding fields with high disease risk based on a field indexing procedure developed in 1958 by Sherwood and Hagedorn. Management practices should also include good soil drainage and soil testing to avoid infested fields. Crop rotation can be implemented to slow the rate of build-up of A. euteiches, however because oospores can survive for up to 10 years in the soil, rotation is not an effective means of eradicating the inoculum. Therefore, once high levels of A. euteiches have been identified in a field, growers should abstain from planting susceptible hosts in that field.
A study indicates that A. euteiches abundance is less severe when the infected plant also has significant mycorrhizal development. Excessive use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and repeated tillage can reduce mycorrhizal development.
In alfalfa, there is evidence that another interaction can occur between A. euteiches and P. medicaginis, another important alfalfa pathogen which causes Phytophthera root rot. In this case, colonization by A. euteiches may make it more difficult for P. medicaginis to take hold.
History and importance
Aphanomyces euteiches was first described by Drechsler in 1925 as the causal pathogen of root rot in peas. At the time, the disease had plagued Wisconsin and the American Midwest, where monoculture was commonplace in pea production for processing, for decades. The pathogen has since been recorded in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and throughout the United States, suggesting that the disease may have already been widespread at the time of its discovery.
Pea (Pisum sativum) is the crop where Aphanomyces causes the greatest economic damage. Aphanomyces root rot can account for yearly losses of about 10% in the fields where it occurs, and may cause losses of entire fields in conditions that are favorable to the pathogen. In agricultural regions that produce large amounts of susceptible crops and have favorable weather conditions for A. euteiches, careful monitoring is of paramount importance. Such regions include the American Midwest, particularly the Great Lakes region. In areas where peas are grown for processing, widespread Aphanomyces infection can cause processing (canning) factories to relocate, a considerable threat for local economies. In fact, prevalence of Aphanomyces root rot has ultimately shifted pea production in the United States from being predominantly in the Midwest and Eastern parts of the country to drier states such as Idaho, Washington, and Oregon where A. euteiches is still common but conditions are less favorable.
In addition to fresh peas, alfalfa is another crop where Aphanomyces root rot (ARR) causes significant economic damage. Whereas in peas A. euteiches usually occurs alone, in alfalfa it often occurs in conjunction Fusarium and Pythium spp, two other root rot-causing pathogens. Thus although A. euteiches had been known as a pathogen of pea since the 1920s, in alfalfa it was often confused with other pathogens. It was not until the 1980s that scientists from the University of Wisconsin confirmed it as a significant pathogen of alfalfa. Since then, Aphanomyces root rot has been an emerging concern in alfalfa crops in the United States and Canada, and is considered widespread in Wisconsin.
In alfalfa, A. eutiches is especially damaging in conjunction with Phytophthora medicaginis, which causes Phytophthora root rot (PRR) in alfalfa. After initial studies in Wisconsin, A. euteiches was identified as an economically significant alfalfa pathogen in other states as well. In Wisconsin, Iowa and Kentucky it often exceeds P. medicaginis in prevalence in fields where alfalfa is grown. Due to these diseases, conventional advice was to avoid growing alfalfa in any wet soils. However, with the development of ARR- and PRR-resistant varieties, wet soil conditions have become less of a concern for alfalfa production, at least as far as disease pressure is concerned. Today, modern alfalfa varieties are required to have both PRR and ARR resistance. | d74d0a04-e943-4356-90a0-b6af9804b8a2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanthaikku_Pin_Thamaiyan"} | 1960 Indian film
Thanthaikku Pin Thamaiyan (transl. After father its brother) is a 1960 Indian Tamil language film directed by G. R. Rao. The film stars T. R. Mahalingam and Pandari Bai.
Plot
Cast
Cast according to the songbook:
Production
The film was produced by M. M. A. Subbaiah Thevar, brother of Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar under the banner Surya Films. He also wrote the story and dialogues. The film was directed by G. R. Rao. C. V. Moorthi was in charge of cinematography while the editing was done by M. Jagannathan and S. Thanu. Art direction was by C. Raghavan. Choreography was handled by Chopra, V. Madhavan and Rajkumar. K. G. Velappan did the still photography. The film was shot at Majestic Studios and was processed at Madras Cine Lab.
Soundtrack
The Music was composed by K. V. Mahadevan while the lyrics were penned by A. Maruthakasi, Velsamy Kavi, Kannadasan, A. S. Narayanan and Kovai Kumaradevan. Singer is T. R. Mahalingam and the Playback singers are T. M. Soundararajan, A. L. Raghavan, S. C. Krishnan, Jikki, L. R. Eswari and K. Jamuna Rani. | ca4a05f6-e766-4627-b4a7-6a9523267374 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulia_Kachalova"} | Russian canoeist
Yuliya Nikolayevna Kachalova (Russian: Юлия Николаевна Качалова; born December 13, 1989 in Moscow) is a Russian sprint canoeist. Kachalova represented Russia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she competed in the women's K-4 500 metres, along her teammates Yuliana Salakhova, Vera Sobetova, and Natalia Podolskaya. Kachalova and her team finished seventh in the final by six thousandths of a second (0.006) behind the Portuguese team (led by Teresa Portela), with a time of 1:33.459. | a0dc4898-9033-49d0-b237-42864786bb43 |
null | Danish girl band
Shit & Chanel (in its last year of existence Shit & Chalou) was a Danish girl band in pop rock and folk rock established in 1974. The Aarhus-based band was made up of Anne Linnet, Astrid Elbek, Lis Sørensen, Lone Poulsen and Ulla Tvede Eriksen.
Career
In the early 1970s, Anne Linnet used to be in the band Tears along with her husband Holger Laumann. Laumann had the idea of a girl band and suggested two recruits from Århus Friskole (Århus Free School), Astrid Elbæk and Ulla Tvede Eriksen to join Linnet to form a band. Soon Lis Sørensen also joined in. They practiced at Eriksen's parents house near Brabrand Lake in Aarhus.
In 1975 there they took part in women-only Kvindefestival i Fælledparken in Copenhagen. After black American activist Angela Davis spoke, Shit & Chanel came on stage with an accompanying male-band Delta Blues Band playing for them, which immediately brought protests against the band by liberation movement organizers who had specified that this was an all-women event.
They released their eponymous début album Shit & Chanel that contained "Smuk og dejlig" that became very popular and a classic rock song in Denmark and subject to many covers including Kulturkanonen in 2006 and Natasja Saad in 2007 just before her death. The last studio of the band was in 1979.
In 1981, after Chanel threatened to sue the band for the derogative connotations of its adopted name, the band changed its name to Shit & Chalou. The band disbanded one year later, in 1982.
In 2012, a compilation album of their best hits was released, but credited to Shit & Chalou, although all the recordings had been made under Shit & Chanel. The compilation contains the four original albums of the band, a bonus CD with live material and other unreleased material.
Discography
Studio albums
(All released as Shit & Chanel)
Compilation albums
(Both released as Shit & Chalou) | 54148f2a-372d-405f-9a41-5302c7ca6c4b |
null | Suburb of City of Greater Geraldton, Western Australia
Narngulu is an outer suburb of the Western Australian city of Geraldton, and is for the most part an industrial area.
History
In the 1890s the town was known as Mullewa Junction as it was where the Cue railway line met the Midland railway line, and the name was gazetted in 1903. By 1905, the town was starting to become confused with Mullewa further east, and the Commissioner of Railways asked for the town to be renamed. The name Crowther, after a local merchant, was objected to by the Postmaster-General's Department, as there was a town named Crowther between Cowra and Young in New South Wales. The name Narngulu, meaning "to remember" in a local Aboriginal dialect, was chosen in 1906.
Greenough Regional Prison open here in 1984.
Rail
The Narngulu line has required upgrading due to tonnages carried on the line as early as the 1950s.
The location is part of proposed rail corridors to the Oakajee Port developments, which to date have not eventuated. The Australian Railroad Group currently operate a large rail yard at Narngulu, known as either Narngulu Rail Maintenance facility, or Narngulu East Rail Depot.
Titanium minerals and zircon are processed at the Iluka Resources plant, with coal being railed seven times a fortnight from Collie. | 0dd24390-ab1c-4c29-8891-afb4e2e34fc3 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koos_Koster"} | Dutch journalist
Koos Jacobus Andries Koster (Dutch: [koːs kustɛr]; 9 January 1936 – 17 March 1982) was a Dutch journalist who covered events and wars in Latin America between 1969 and his murder in El Salvador in 1982.
Early life
Koos Jacobus Andries Koster was born on 9 January 1936 in Sint Annaparochie, Netherlands. He had four brothers and seven sisters. His father was a Protestant minister at the church in Sint Annaparochie, and in 1957, he began attending the Kampen Theological University to become a minister like his father. He completed his studies in 1963 and became a vicar for a Dutch community in Berlin. In 1970, he edited the book The Stepchild of Europe rejecting the political system of the German Democratic Republic, and that same year, he graduated from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
Journalism in Latin America
In 1969, he began working for Radio Noord in Groningen. He began to take an interest in Latin America and was inspired by Brazilian bishop Hélder Câmara and Colombian priest Camilo Torres Restrepo as they spoke against the actions of their respective governments during the Cold War. He became a journalist and began working for Interkerkelijke Omroep Nederland (IKON).
In September 1973, he reported on the events of the 1973 Chilean coup d'état led by Augusto Pinochet against Salvador Allende. He was arrested on 20 September 1973 and was held in the Estadio Nacional.
Journalism in El Salvador
He began to be interested in the Salvadoran Civil War after Archbishop Óscar Romero was assassinated on 24 March 1980 while presiding over mass in San Salvador. In El Salvador, journalists were targeted and murdered, which increased Koster's interest in covering the civil war himself.
Murder
On 24 February 1982, Koster and three other Dutch journalists working for IKON, Jan Cornelius Kuiper, Johannes "Joop" Jan Willemsen, and Hans Lodewijk ter Laag, arrived in San Salvador. On 17 March 1982, the Dutch journalists traveled to Chalatenango to join with guerrillas of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) and film the combat of the civil war. When they met the guerrillas in the municipality of Santa Rita, they were ambushed by soldiers of the Salvadoran Army and killed.
Aftermath and legal proceedings
News of the massacre in the Netherlands provoked demonstrations which called for the removal of the Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador which they deemed responsible for the massacre. The Army denied that the journalists were massacred, instead stating that they were killed in crossfire, and José Napoleón Duarte, the President of the Revolutionary Government Junta, visited the site on 25 March 1982 and stated that he believed the killings were an accident. A memorial was erected in Amsterdam on 16 April 1982 in memory of the four journalists and the 40,000 victims of the civil war up to that point.
In 1993, the United Nations' Truth Commission for El Salvador identified Colonel Mario Aldaberto Reyes Mena of the Salvadoran Army as having ordered the massacre, however, because of an amnesty bill passed in 1993, Reyes Mena was not able to be charged with ordering the massacre. In 2016, however, the Supreme Court of El Salvador found the 1993 amnesty bill to be unconstitutional. On 16 July 2021, human rights organizations in Dulce Nombre de María filed a criminal complaint against Reyes Mena and twenty-five ex-soldiers, accusing them of organizing and carrying out the massacre. | b0c0e060-5468-4fb0-924f-bc4f556027bb |
null | French footballer
Jean-Louis Heinrich (22 May 1943 – 15 September 2012) was a French professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
Career
Born in Ars-sur-Moselle, Heinrich played for Metz and Monaco. | 51b20790-224f-4d5c-850f-32356ed22846 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_Senior_League_World_Series"} | American youth baseball tournament
The 1965 Senior League World Series took place from August 19–21 in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Monterrey, Mexico defeated El Campo, Texas in the championship game. This was the first SLWS held in Des Moines.
This year marked the first appearance by a Canadian team.
Teams
Results | e800fb26-3b77-4213-8176-14a45a8f9e9f |
null | Indian business executive (1933–2022)
Tonse Mohandas Pai (20 June 1933 – 31 July 2022) was an Indian business executive who was the founder of the Kannada-language daily Udayavani. He has been referred to as the 'architect of modern Manipal' for his contributions to the development of the South Indian city.
Early life
Pai was the eldest son of T. M. A. Pai, Padma Shri awardee and founder of the Manipal group of institutions. He was born on 20 June 1933 into the family with seven siblings. He completed his schooling in the southern Indian city of Udupi from the Udupi Board School, and followed it up with his intermediate level education from the MGM college in Udupi. He later went to Kolhapur, in present day Maharashtra, to obtain a degree in law from the University of Pune.
Career
Pai returned to Manipal in 1953 after his studies and started with some of the organizations that his father had set up. He started as the general manager with Canara Land Investments, which was run by his family. He also took on leadership of the Manipal Power Press as its managing partner. He is credited with introduction of automatic typesetting and contributing to the press's modernization in the 1960s. He later set up Udayavani, a Kannada-language daily. He was also noted to have introduced modern printing machinery and advancing the Manipal Media Network.
As a patron of the arts, he set up institutions in coastal Karnataka, including MGM Yakshagana Kendra, Regional Resources Centre for Folk Performing Arts, and the Rashtrakavi Govindapai Research Centre. Pai was also the chairman and director of ICDS limited, a non-banking financial company. For his contributions to the development of the city of Manipal, he has been referred to as the 'architect of modern Manipal'. Building on his father's initial efforts in setting up Manipal as an education, medicine, and finance hub, Pai contributed to the city's sustained growth. He partnered with entrepreneur Vijayanath Shenoy to set up a heritage village in Manipal. Pai was also the president of the T. M. A. Pai foundation focused on promoting Konkani literature and community growth initiatives in the Manipal region.
Death
Pai died in Udupi on 31 July 2022, at the age of 89. | 8150e2a9-f1ef-4bde-8694-df24a2ec5dc8 |
null | French footballer (1948–2020)
André Guesdon (14 October 1948 – 14 September 2020) was a French professional football defender.
He was part of SC Bastia team that reached 1978 UEFA Cup Final.
Guesdon died on 14 September 2020, aged 71. | 6b0a5fac-023f-4db7-a7a4-293d5e69c8ca |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyer_Boulevard_station"} | San Diego Trolley station
Beyer Boulevard station is a station on the Blue Line of the San Diego Trolley located in San Ysidro neighborhood of San Diego. The stop serves as a park and ride commuter center in addition to providing access to the surrounding residential areas.
History
Beyer Boulevard opened as part of the initial 15.9-mile (25.6 km) "South Line" of the San Diego Trolley system on July 26, 1981, operating from San Ysidro Transit Center north to Downtown San Diego using the main line tracks of the San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway.
This station was originally scheduled to undergo renovation starting December 2014, as part of the Trolley Renewal Project, though actual renovation construction didn't begin until January 2015; it reopened with a renovated station platform in June 2015.
Station layout
There are two tracks, each with a side platform. | e8f541d3-bcf6-466b-a355-a7a555cc45f3 |
null | The Pacific Coast Electric Transmission Association was an American engineering institute founded in 1884 in response to the East coast establishment of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. It published its proceedings in the journalist George P. Low's journal The Electrical Journal, later titled The Journal of Electricity and then The Journal of Electricity, Power, and Gas, and began annual meetings in 1898. The annual meeting acted as both an electrical industry conference and an academic conference in electrical engineering. It disbanded with the continuation of the AIEE to the West coast in or shortly after 1905. | 146c2f2b-2add-43b9-a3b0-be6dcda90026 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchel_Air_Force_Base"} | US Air Force base in Long Island, New York
Mitchel Air Force Base, also known as Mitchel Field, was a United States Air Force base located on the Hempstead Plains of Long Island, New York, United States. Established in 1918 as Hazelhurst Aviation Field #2, the facility was renamed later that year as Mitchel Field in honor of former New York City Mayor John Purroy Mitchel, who was killed while training for the Air Service in Louisiana.
Decommissioned in 1961, Mitchel Field became a multi-use complex that is home to the Cradle of Aviation Museum, Nassau Coliseum, Mitchel Athletic Complex, Nassau Community College, Hofstra University, and Lockheed. In 2018 the surviving buildings and facilities were recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
History
Origins
During the American Revolutionary War it was known as the Hempstead Plains and used as an Army enlistment center. In the War of 1812 and in the Mexican War, it was a training center for Infantry units. During the American Civil War, it was the location of Camp Winfield Scott. In 1898, in the Spanish–American War, Mitchel's site was known as Camp Black.
World War I
In 1917, Hazelhurst Field #2 was established south of and adjacent to Hazelhurst Field to serve as an additional training and storage base, part of the massive Air Service Aviation Concentration Center. Curtiss JN-4 Jennies became a common sight over Long Island in 1917 and 1918. Hundreds of aviators were trained for war at these training fields, two of the largest in the United States. Numerous new wooden buildings and tents were erected on Roosevelt Field and Field #2 in 1918 in order to meet this rapid expansion.
Between the Wars
Mitchel Field continued to grow after World War I and between 1929 and 1932. An extensive building program was undertaken after the war to turn the temporary wartime facilities into a permanent Army post, with new barracks, warehouses, hangar space, and administrative buildings. Much of this construction still exists today, being used for non-military purposes.
In the 1920s and 1930s, various observation, fighter, and bomber units were stationed at the airfield. It became a major aerodrome for both the Air Corps as well as various civilian activity. The 1920s was considered the golden age of air racing and on 27 November 1920, the Pulitzer Trophy Race was held at Mitchel Field. The race consisted of four laps of a 29 miles (47 km) course. 38 pilots entered and took off individually. The winner was Capt. Corliss Moseley, flying a Verville-Packard VCP-R racer, a cleaned-up version of the Army's VCP-1 pursuit plane, at 156.54 miles per hour (251.93 km/h).
In October 1923, Mitchel Field was the scene of the first airplane jumping contest in the nation. During the same year, two world's airplane speed records were established there. In 1924, the airmail service had its inception in experimental flights begun at the airfield. In September 1929, Lt. Gen. James H. Doolittle, then a Lieutenant, made the world's first blind flight.
In 1938, Mitchel was the starting point for the first nonstop transcontinental bomber flight, made by Army B-18 Bolo bombers. Mitchel Field also served as a base from which the first demonstration of long-range aerial reconnaissance was made. In May 1939, three B-17s, with Lt. Curtis LeMay navigating, flew 620 miles (1,000 km) out to sea and intercepted the Italian ocean liner SS Rex. This was a striking example of the range, mobility, and accuracy of modern aviation at the time. On September 21 of that year the base was struck by the "Long Island Express" hurricane. Flooding produced water that was over knee-deep, numerous trees were toppled and the glass was smashed atop the traffic control tower.
World War II
In 1940 Mitchel Field was the location of the Air Defense Command, a command charged with the mission of developing the air defense for cities, vital industrial areas, continental bases, and military facilities in the United States (also known as the "Zone of the Interior"). Later, First Air Force, was given the responsibility for air defense planning and organization along the eastern seaboard. Under its supervision an aircraft patrol system along the coast for observing shipping was placed into operation. During 1943, Mitchel AAF became a staging area for Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers and their crews before being sent overseas.
Mitchel Field was a major source of supply in initial garrisoning and defense of North Atlantic air bases in Newfoundland, Greenland, and Iceland. From the airfield the planning for the air defense of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland was conducted. Antisubmarine patrol missions along the Atlantic coast were carried out in 1942 by the United States Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command aircraft based at Mitchel.
Under the direction of the First Air Force, Mitchel Army Airfield became a command and control base for both I Fighter and I Bomber Command. Tactical fighter groups and squadrons were formed at Mitchel to be trained at AAF Training Command bases (mostly in the east and southeast) before being deployed to the various overseas wartime theaters. Additionally, thousands of Army Air Force personnel were processed through the base for overseas combat duty. With the end of World War II, returning GIs were processed for separation at Mitchel.
Mitchel aircraft crashes included a P-47 that struck Hofstra University's Barnard Hall on 23 March 1943.
In March 1946, the headquarters of Air Defense Command was established at Mitchel Army Airfield.
United States Air Force
With the establishment of the United States Air Force as a separate service in 1947, Mitchel AAF was redesignated as Mitchel Air Force Base.
In December 1948, ADC's responsibilities were temporarily assumed by the Continental Air Command, (ConAC), also located at Mitchel AFB. ConAC also was responsible for the reorganization of the Air Force Reserve after World War II. In 1949, the reserve mission was assigned to First Air Force, which was also headquartered at Mitchel AFB. First Air Force became the command and control organization for supervising the training of the air reserve in 15 eastern states and the District of Columbia. By 1949, due to the problems associated with operating tactical aircraft in the urban area – the noise, the small size of the field, and safety concerns – Mitchel AFB was relieved of the responsibility for defending New York's air space.
Army Anti-Aircraft Command moved to Mitchel AFB on 1 November 1950.
After Air Defense Command was re-established on January 1, 1951; the 1945 U.S. Air Defense Plan recommendation for "... moving ADC Headquarters from Mitchel Field to a more central location ... in a protected command center" was completed to Ent Air Force Base, Colorado, on 8 January 1951. On November 29, 1952, President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower took off from Mitchel Field on a U.S. Air Force aircraft en route to South Korea, to fulfill a campaign promise. Colonel W. Millikan's transcontinental speed record flight of 4 hours, 8 minutes set in a North American F-86 Sabre on 2 January 1954 ended at Mitchel AFB.
In April 1961 flying was halted and the 514th Troop Carrier Wing reassigned to McGuire Air Force Base in New Jersey. After the 514th TCW moved, the base was closed on 25 June 1961. The property was turned over to Nassau County for redevelopment. The facility still has military housing, a commissary, and exchange facilities to support military families and activities in the area. The Garden City-Mitchel Field Secondary, a remnant of the Long Island Rail Road's Central Branch from Garden City to Bethpage, ends in the northern part of Mitchel Field, providing sporadic freight service.
Major commands assigned
Redesignated: Director of Air Service
Redesignated: U.S. Army Air Service, 24 May 1918
Redesignated: U.S. Army Air Corps, 2 July 1926
Redesignated: 1st Air Force, 26 March 1941
Redesignated: First Air Force, 18 September 1942
Remained attached to Air Defense Command until 1 January 1951
Major units assigned
Notes: Records incomplete for units assigned prior to 1940; Air Defense Command (ADC); Air Force Reserve (AFRES) assigned to Continental Air Command (ConAc); 18th Air Force Troop Carrier Wings assigned to Tactical Air Command; Military Air Transport Service (MATS) 1112th Special Air Missions Squadron (SAMS) provided VIP transportation in New York City area for Commanding General, First Army, General Eisenhower and UN Military Staff using VC-47. The SAM mission was taken over by the 1254th Air Transport Group at Bolling AFB with deployed aircraft (1298th ATS, 1299th ATS) to Mitchel.
Source for Major Commands and Major Units assigned: | f5d684a4-2288-4128-aa62-de41338a9193 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C5%A1je"} | Village in Pomoravlje District, Serbia
Lešje is a village in the municipality of Paraćin, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 422 people. | 4c5beafe-3ebd-4610-bdb7-dcfb1c2a41d7 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botai_culture"} | Archaeological culture of northern Central Asia
The Botai culture is an archaeological culture (c. 3700–3100 BC) of prehistoric northern Central Asia. It was named after the settlement of Botai in today's northern Kazakhstan. The Botai culture has two other large sites: Krasnyi Yar, and Vasilkovka.
The Botai site is on the Imanburlyq, a tributary of the Ishim. The site has at least 153 pit-houses. The settlement was partly destroyed by river erosion, which is still occurring, and by management of the wooded area.
Archaeology
The Botai culture emerged with the transition from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle with a variety of game to a sedentary lifestyle with a diet that heavily relied on horse meat. The settlements of the Botai consisted of pit-houses and were relatively large and permanent, the largest being the type site at Botai with over 160 houses. The population of the Botai culture has been connected to the earliest evidence for horse husbandry. Enormous amounts of horse bones were found in and around the Botai settlements, suggesting that the Botai people kept horses or even domesticated them. Archaeological data suggests that the Botai were sedentary pastoralists and also domesticated dogs.
A number of researchers state that horses were domesticated locally by the Botai. It was once thought that most of the horses in evidence were probably the wild species, Equus ferus, hunted with bows, arrows, and spears. However, evidence reported in 2009 for pottery containing mare's milk and of horse bones with telltale signs of being bred after domestication have demonstrated a much stronger case for the Botai culture as a major user of domestic horses by about 3,500 BC, close to 1,000 years earlier than the previous scientific consensus. Botai horses were primarily ancestors of Przewalski's horses, and contributed 2.7% ancestry to modern domestic horses. Thus, modern horses may have been domesticated in other centers of origin.
However, more recent studies analyzing dental calculus suggest an absence of dairy product consumption among Botai culture individuals, which would potentially discard the previously believed milking of the horses assumed from the presence of animal fats on pottery.
Damgaard et al. (2018) confirmed that the Botai horses were not the ancestors of the common modern horse Equus caballus but were nonetheless domesticated - of particular interest is the "genetic domestication selection at the horse TRPM1 coat-color locus" as per the study.
Although contemporaneous to Copper Age and Early Bronze Age metal-working cultures in other parts of the Eurasian steppe, there is no evidence for metallurgy in Botai settlements. Tools were produced from stone and horse bones, with a shift in stone tool production from the microliths of the preceding nomadic hunter cultures to larger bifaces. The pottery of the culture had simple shapes, most examples being gray in color and unglazed. The decorations are geometric, including hatched triangles and rhombi as well as step motifs. Punctates and circles were also used as decorative motifs.
Language reconstruction
Asko Parpola suggests that the language of the Botai culture cannot be conclusively identified with any known language or language family. He suggests that the Proto-Ugric word *lox for "horse" is a borrowing from the language of the Botai culture. However, Vladimir Napolskikh believes that it comes from Proto-Tocharian *l(ə)wa ("prey; livestock").
Václav Blažek suggests that the Botai people probably spoke a form of Yeniseian languages. Linguistic data lends some support for a homeland of Yeniseian within the Central Asian Steppe, prior to its migration into Siberia. This Yeniseian/Botai language contributed some loanwords related to horsemanship and pastoralism, such as the word for horse (Yeniseian *ʔɨʔχ-kuʔs "stallion" and Indo-European *H₁ek̂wos "domesticated horse") itself, towards proto-Indo-European.
Archaeogenetics
Damgaard et al. (2018) and Jeong et al. (2019) extracted aDNA from five different Botai individuals. Four of them turned out to be male, and another one was female. Two of the samples were taken from crania curated in Petropavlovsk Museum, denoted as "Botai Excavation 14, 1983" and "Botai excavation 15".
Autosomally, the Botai population derived most of their ancestry from a deeply European-related population known as Ancient North Eurasians (short ANE), while also displaying some "Ancient East Asian" (AEA) admixture. A model by Damgaard et al. suggests that the ANE-related ancestry of the Botai people and the Eastern European Hunter-Gatherers (EHG), who contributed around half of the gene pool of the people of Yamnaya culture, diverged about 15,000 years ago, while the admixture event between ANE-related ancestry and AEA-related ancestry was estimated to about 7,000 years ago. The Botai samples could be modeled as approximately ≈75% ANE (West Eurasian) and ≈25% AEA (East Asian). The East Asian component has been introduced into the region through geneflow from Eastern Siberia.
Botai 14, dated to 3517-3108 cal BC, carried a derived allele at R1b1a1-M478, that occurs almost exclusively among Indo-European derived populations surrounding the Altai region. Botai 15, dated to 3343-3026 cal BC, belonged to a branch of the haplogroup N-M231 (N2a-P189.2* according to YFull). Regarding mitochondrial DNA, the Copper Age Botai sample BOT2016 belonged to the haplogroup Z1a, Botai 15 - to R1b1, and Botai 14 - to K1b2.
Two more Botai individuals were tested in September 2015. One sample belonged to the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K1b2 and the paternal Haplogroup O-M268 (with the 97.1% probability).
Footnote
Bibliography | 614f18c5-a91c-4c77-b37a-9dba713c7c97 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juil_ciego"} | Species of fish
The juil ciego or blindwhiskered catfish (Rhamdia reddelli) is a species of three-barbeled catfish endemic to Mexico. This species is troglobitic, inhabiting a certain stream that flows through a single cave system.
Description
Like other fish found exclusively in caves, the skin of R. reddelli lacks pigment. The fish also lacks eyes, instead having various sensory organs for taste, smell, and touch; these can help it to orient itself in the total darkness and locate food. It is a small fish up to 11 cm (4.3 in) long, with a flattened head, a long dorsal fin, and a deeply forked tail. The three barbels on the chin are long and packed with sensory cells.
Distribution
R. reddelli is known from a single cave system in Mexico through which flows an underground stream about 3 mi (4.8 km) long. The cave is near San Antonio Cañada, in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca southeast of Mexico City.
Ecology
No living plants are present in this cave, so this fish is mostly reliant on the detritus of organic material washed into the cave from the surface. Another source of nutrition is bat guano, and the remains of dead bats that happen to fall into the water. With this limited and erratic food supply, the fish has a low metabolic rate and stores fat in its tissues. Breeding only takes place in times of food sufficiency, with a small number of eggs being produced at one time, and in some years, the fish may not breed at all. It exhibits parental care by keeping its newly hatched young in its mouth to prevent predation.
Status
Living in a single cave system, this fish is vulnerable to such events as pollution of the spring and stream that flow through the cave; this puts it in a precarious position as the whole population could be wiped out by a single adverse event. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "critically endangered". | 342ed237-27f8-4349-a6de-173f5ffc55be |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Book_of_Human_Language"} | 1998 studio album by Aceyalone
A Book of Human Language is a studio album by the American rapper Aceyalone. It was released on Project Blowed in 1998. The album was entirely produced by Mumbles.
Critical reception
Bill Cassel of AllMusic wrote: "Aceyalone wins major points for even trying to tackle weighty topics like life, death, time, and language." Brian Coleman of CMJ New Music Monthly called it "one of the most intelligent albums" of the year. Malik Singleton of Vibe described it as "an uninhibited exhibition of lyric artistry laid over jazzy breakbeats and rare groove loops."
In 2014, Paste ranked the album at number five on their list of "12 Classic Hip-Hop Albums That Deserve More Attention".
The following year, Fact placed it at number 24 on its list of the "100 Best Indie Hip-Hop Records of All Time".
Track listing | a4346d62-8ea5-4be7-80ab-8e1acad3c867 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klipsch_Audio_Technologies"} | American audio equipment manufacturer
Klipsch Audio Technologies /ˈklɪpʃ/ (also referred to as Klipsch Speakers or Klipsch Group, Inc.) is an American loudspeaker company based in Indianapolis, Indiana. Founded in Hope, Arkansas, in 1946 as 'Klipsch and Associates' by Paul W. Klipsch, the company produces loudspeaker drivers and enclosures, as well as complete loudspeakers for high-end, high-fidelity sound systems, public address applications, and personal computers.
On January 6, 2011, Audiovox announced that the company had signed a "term sheet to purchase all the shares of Klipsch Group Inc". The sale was completed March 1, 2011.
Horn loading
Since its inception, Klipsch has promoted the use of horn-loaded speakers as part of its goal to produce speakers featuring:
The company advocates the superiority of horns for the aforementioned properties, but historically horns have a reputation for a coloring of the sound sometimes described as "honkiness". The exact causes of this coloration are still being researched, but one cause is vibration of the horn material itself. Early Klipsch designs utilized metal-throated horns whose material could be energized by the sound within, creating a "ring" or "buzz." Klipsch subsequently introduced horns of braced fiberglass which were said to alleviate resonances that colored the earlier, metal designs. Other causes of "honkiness" are acoustic resonances and reflections when the horn shape causes poor transitions in the acoustic wave expanding from the horn driver. In addition to the direct acoustic effects, these resonances and reflections transform into peaks and dips in the electrical impedance, making problems for the passive crossover network. In 1989, Klipsch introduced a midrange horn with a tractrix flare which was said to reduce "honkiness" and create a more open sound quality, compared to earlier designs. Klipsch also moved away from silk diaphragms to different driver-diaphragm materials like phenolic, aluminum and titanium, to inject a purer sound into the horn in the first place. Midrange horns made entirely of formed wood were used into the 1950s.[citation needed]
Historically, Klipsch speakers were designed based on principles originating at Bell Labs in the 1930s. Objectives included wide soundstage and frequency range from about 30 Hz to 15 kHz, and the speakers were designed to be placed in a room with no single dimension a multiple of another. For competitors who disregarded this old research, Klipsch made a special "Bullshit" button, inspired by Paul Klipsch's extensive usage of the word.
Products
The Klipschorn
The Klipschorn, or K-Horn, loudspeaker is the flagship product of Klipsch Audio Technologies. It was patented by founder Paul W. Klipsch in 1946 and has been in continuous production in the company's Hope, Arkansas, plant since then—the longest run in speaker production history.[citation needed] Although the Klipschorn's basic design is more than seventy years old, it has received periodic minor modifications. A "knockoff" (Model K) was offered for years in kit form through Seattle kit manufacturer SpeakerLab.
The Klipschorn's large (51” H (129 cm) x 31” W (79 cm) x 28” D (72 cm)) enclosure houses a three-way design: separate drivers—the woofer, the squawker, and the tweeter, respectively—handle the bass, midrange, and treble portions of the sound signal.
Two rectangular horn lenses coupled to compression drivers handle the midrange and treble, while a 15” cone woofer is mounted in a folded bass bin compartment below. The folds open at the rear of the horn cabinet structure, utilizing the room walls and floor as continuations of horn structure, thereby increasing the effective length and size of the horn, thus lowering its cut-off frequency and, likewise, its lowest usable tone.
The body of the speaker cabinet forms a horn. The “K-Horn” shape is like a baseball diamond: the pointy rear is open and exposed, the flat front covered with a wood panel and the top enclosed in cloth. The speaker sits in the corner of two adjoining walls, using the walls and floor boundaries as extensions of the horn. Technically speaking, the K-Horn's folded bass "corner horn" can be described as a bifurcated trihedral (floor and two walls to form the trihedral corner) exponential wave transmission line.
This design results in extremely high efficiency. One watt RMS produces a 105 decibel at 1 meter sound pressure level (SPL), which is approximately 14–20 decibels higher than conventional speakers. Such sensitivity requires less amplifier power to achieve the same loudness. (Paul Klipsch demonstrated that the Klipschorn could reproduce concert-level dynamics powered by as little as 1 watt per channel.) The K-Horn encourages the use of low-powered amplifiers. The growing popularity in the audiophile community of single-ended valve (vacuum tube) amplifiers has sparked renewed interest in the Klipschorn and other highly sensitive Klipsch models.[citation needed]
Utilizing the room walls and floor boundaries as extensions of the bass horn helps extend the speaker's frequency response down into the 35 Hz range, considerably lower than would be possible otherwise. Because of the folded horn, the woofer cone moves no more than a few millimeters.
As the only speaker in the world to be in continuous production for 70 years, the Klipschorn has remained relatively unchanged since its inception. Circa 1970, diode overload protection was added across voice coils to prevent burnout from clipping produced by an overdriven amplifier. The midrange horn was originally made entirely from formed wood. Some fibreglass bells were used on the midrange horn, as well as metal, in the late 1950s. Eventually the midrange horn was changed from metal to braced fiberglass, and the tweeter was front mounted in the 1980s. Both of these changes reduced the already low distortion.[citation needed] In 2005, the company made some minor cosmetic and functional revisions to this legendary speaker, including the elimination of the inset collar, or spacer, between the upper and lower cabinets for a cleaner appearance. A horizontal wall seal was added to improve the low frequency horn's connection to the wall. The crossover, which includes some equalization, was revoiced in the early 2000s.
In 2006, Klipsch offered the 60th Anniversary Klipschorn, a separate model from the standard Klipschorn.
In 2016, Klipsch released the 70th Anniversary Klipschorn with a fully enclosed horn. The release was limited to 70 pairs.
Other legacy speakers
Among Klipsch's legacy models, the La Scala and the Klipsch Belle, are fully horn-loaded and have extremely high sensitivity similar to the Klipschorn, but their "W"-shaped folded bass horns do not require corner placement in the listening room. The La Scala II, which uses the same drivers as the Klipschorn but has a smaller bass chamber and less bass extension, was voted into Stereophile magazine's "Recommended Components" in the "A" class for speakers with restricted extreme low frequency.[citation needed] Other models, including the Cornwall and Heresy, use horn tweeters and midranges in conjunction with direct-radiating woofers and also have unusually high sensitivity (although not as high as the fully horn-loaded models).
All of the models cited above feature separate horn-loaded tweeter and midrange. As of 2006, the majority of current Klipsch models are two-way designs, utilizing a tractrix horn for the upper midrange and treble.
Wood finishes available were Macassar ebony, zebrawood, rosewood, teak, cherry, oak oil, oak lacquer, walnut oil, walnut lacquer, raw birch, birch lacquer, and black lacquer. Many dealerships displayed wood samples to let customers view and custom-order the veneers. The Klipsch factory would then specifically match the woodgrain on the tops and sides so pairs of speakers would be identical to each other. In a letter sent to its dealers around 1990, Klipsch cited concern over the responsible use of exotic woods from the rainforests and as a result retired the ebony, zebrawood, rosewood and teak veneers.
Current speakers
The Palladium line, introduced in 2007, is a line of premium speakers. These are sold through special qualified[clarification needed] dealers only.
The three Icon Series lines (X, W, and V) are diverse products designed to satisfy a variety of tastes and budgets. X=Modern Technology, Contemporary Beauty; W=Modern Technology, Classic Beauty; V=Modern Technology, Value Driven Performance. The trademark of all three is the use of the new 90-degree by 90-degree XT Tractrix horn.
The Synergy line is sold by major mass-market retailers.
The Reference line tends to be carried by audio specialty stores and custom installers. One feature of the Reference line is the use of the trademark Cerametallic woofers. These are a combination of materials that produce a very stiff, highly controlled cone movement.
The newer (2015) Reference Premier series continues improvements with their Hybrid Tractrix Horn, Linear Travel Suspension (LTS) Titanium Tweeter, Spun Copper Cerametallic Woofers, and an all new Tractrix Port for the cleanest, most powerful low-frequency response on the market.
THX Ultra II series is a line of dedicated theater speakers and subwoofer.
The Klipschorn, La Scala II, Cornwall IV, Forte IV, and Heresy IV comprise the Heritage line, which is available through select authorized Klipsch dealers and Klipsch direct, often by special order.
Multi-media speakers
The company also manufactures products for multimedia purposes; its ProMedia line of computer speakers has been sold since 1999, and it produces iPod-marketed speakers like the iGroove (with an angled form-factor).
Klipsch used in theaters
Klipsch also features its speaker designs in the Hard Rock Cafe line of restaurants and in several AMC and Regal theaters.[citation needed] Krikorian Theatres have digital sound featuring the Klipsch KMX sound system.
Theaters such as Hollywood's BM Theater house are using Klipsch theater systems for the 18000 audience capacity movie house. On a smaller scale, cinemas like Golden Village (Singapore) used Klipsch custom speakers for their GV Grand and IMAX theaters.
Headphones
"In Ear" headphones or earphones using balanced armature technology were launched in November 2007. These headphones use patented Contour Ear Gels, invented by Mark Blanchard of Klipsch Group, which are anatomically designed to accurately fit inside the human ear canal. These oval shaped silicone tips reduce ear fatigue by minimizing pressure to any one area of the ear canal wall. The patented ear tips are designed to be inserted in the ear canal to acquire an air seal for noise isolation and a proper frequency response.
In addition to several in-ear Image models, Klipsch launched its first on-ear model, the Image ONE, in 2010.
Klipsch in Formula One racing
In 2019, McLaren Racing announced a multi-year partnership beginning from the 2020 season, where Klipsch would provide all of McLaren's team headsets.
Group subsidiaries and acquisitions
Klipsch Group, Inc., the parent company of Klipsch Audio Technologies, also owns the Danish loudspeaker firm Jamo, and in 2006 acquired the brands of Mirage, Athena and Energy from Audio Products International (API) of Canada. In 2001 it acquired the company Mondial Designs, manufacturers of electronics under the Aragon and Acurus brand names, but subsequently discontinued those product lines. In 2009, electronic engineers Ted Moore and Rick Santiago left Klipsch and founded Indy Audio Labs. They purchased the Aragon and Acurus component designs and brands from Klipsch. Both Aragon and Acurus components today are designed and manufactured in Indiana.
Energy
Energy is a Canadian manufacturer of loudspeakers founded in 1973. They produce the Take, Connoisseur and Veritas product lines. The Energy Take Classic 5.1 HTIB system was named a CNET Editor's Choice in 2011. In 2013, Klipsch sued online retailer Monoprice for patent infringement, claiming that Monoprice's 5.1 Hi-Fi system was identical to the Take Classic, which was later settled out of court.
Jamo
Jamo (yah-mo) is a Danish manufacturer of loudspeakers. The company was founded in 1968 by Preben Jacobsen and his brother-in-law, Julius Mortensen. The company name is derived from the founders' surnames. At one point, Jamo employed more than 400 workers at its factory in Glyngøre and in 1994 it was Europe's largest speaker manufacturer.
In 1998, the company had produced and sold more than 11.5 million units. In 2002, businessman Anders Høiris was hired as director to reverse declining sales. His efforts proved unsuccessful; a major company backer, FSN Capital, then transferred its interest in the brand to Jyske Bank. Høiris then resigned. Company production has, since 2004, been located in China. Jamo was taken over in 2005 by Klipsch Audio Technologies, which Høiris had arranged for before his departure. | 90591832-d334-4b3d-95d0-93957b2223d5 |
null | Gabonese footballer
Hervé Batoménila (born 18 May 1984 in Les Pavillons-sous-Bois) is a Gabonese professional football player, who currently, plays in the Premier Development League for FC Miami City.
Early life
Batoménila (aka Bato), was born in the Parisian suburb of Les Pavillons-sous-Bois to Gabonese parents.
International career
On 24 March 2009 was called up to the Gabon national football team, but has yet to debut for the squad. After a strong carrier in France, Bato decided to try his chance overseas. He has been signed by the FC Miami City, American soccer team based in Miami, Florida, United States. The team plays in the Premier Development League. | 28d225e0-aa34-4272-9f84-cbb80aa3bc23 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_(Flotsam_and_Jetsam_album)"} | 1997 studio album by Flotsam and Jetsam
High is the sixth album by American thrash metal band Flotsam and Jetsam, released on June 3, 1997. It was their first release on Metal Blade Records since 1986's Doomsday for the Deceiver, whereas their previous three albums were released on MCA.
High marked the first time the band had kept their lineup intact for more than two albums, although, until 2012's Ugly Noise, it was their last album with guitarist Michael Gilbert and drummer Kelly David Smith.
Similar to Flotsam and Jetsam's previous three albums, the lyricial content of High is centered around politics and society, and expands on the band's sense of humor documented from its predecessor Drift.[citation needed]
Track listing
Credits | 33309943-0bbf-4f27-a10d-2c129ff01da9 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhopala_anamuta"} | Species of butterfly
Arhopala anamuta is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Georg Semper in 1890. It is found in the Indomalayan realm where it is endemic to the Philippines. | 6b80fbb2-53d6-42c8-ab20-515d361d1dd8 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornelen_Basin"} | The Hornelen Basin is a sedimentary basin in Vestland, Norway, containing an estimated 25 km stratigraphic thickness of coarse clastic sedimentary rocks of Devonian age. It forms part of a group of basins of similar age along the west coast of Norway between Sognefjord and Nordfjord, related to movement on the Nordfjord-Sogn Detachment. It formed as a result of extensional tectonics as part of the post-orogenic collapse of crust that was thickened during the Caledonian Orogeny towards the end of the Silurian period. It is named for the mountain Hornelen on the northern margin of the basin.
Tectonic setting
During the later part of the Silurian period, the western margin of the Baltic Plate was affected by the main collisional event of the Caledonian orogeny, known as the Scandian phase. This led to large-scale thrusting and the development of a mountain belt similar in scale to the Himalayas. Soon after the collision finished during the Early Devonian, the thickened crust began to extend. Initially the extension took place by reactivation of Caledonian thrust faults, known as Mode 1 extension. The uplift and exhumation led to a reduction of dip in these reactivated thrusts, making them progressively less mechanically viable. At this point Mode II extension took over, with development of large extensional shear zones that cross-cut the Caledonian thrust pile, such as the Nordfjord-Sogn Detachment.
Basin fill
The dominant lithology is sandstone, which is organised into a series of coarsening-upward cycles, laid down by a west-draining axial river system. At the basin margins the sandstones interfinger with conglomerates deposited by alluvial fans. The northern conglomerates were deposited by mainly debris flow fans, while those to the south are mainly streamflow in type. Near the northern margin there is a zone where siltstones and mudstones are developed, forming the finest-grained sediments in the basin. The depositional environment for these fine-grained rocks is thought to be lacustrine.
Age
The sequence has been dated as Devonian, based on Middle Devonian plant fossils found in the upper part of the succession.
Clast provenance
The study of clast lithology within the Hornelen sequence has been used to understand the exposed geology in the areas that provided a sediment source for the basin. The currently exposed bedrock to the north and east of the basin consist of metamorphic rocks of the Western Gneiss Region (WGR) that have been affected by ultra-high-pressure metamorphism, which are everywhere in faulted contact with the basin. No clasts have been found that have evidence of high-pressure metamorphism indicating that the WGR did not become exposed at the surface until after the highest preserved levels of the basin were deposited. The clasts do match well with the rock types observed within the Caledonian thrust sheets on which the Devonian sediments lie unconformably to the west of the basin.
Structure
The Devonian sequence has an overall eastward dip of 20–25°, from the unconformable contact in the west up to the tectonic contact in the east. This is modified near the northern and southern margins. Towards the northern margin the direction of dip becomes more southeasterly. Near the southern margin the basin is folded into a west–southwest trending anticline and syncline, parallel to the faulted margin. There is little evidence of internal faulting in the basin, although fracture sets are well-developed and two stages of vein development have been observed.
The northern margin of the basin is formed by a steep south-dipping fault that is interpreted to be mainly post-Devonian brittle structure that has formed close to the original basin edge. The southern margin is formed by the steep north-dipping Haukå Fault, which is interpreted to increase in displacement westwards, locally cutting out the alluvial fan deposits, although it is still regarded as being close to the original basin edge. The eastern margin is formed by a low-angle extensional fault, known as the Hornelen Detachment, part of the larger scale Nordfjord-Sogn Detachment (NSD). It juxtaposes the Devonian basin fill against mylonites of the NSD shear zone that underlies the basin.
Origin
The Hornelen sequence, in common with other Old Red Sandstone sequences in Norway, Scotland and Greenland was originally described as deposited in an intermontane depression with most faulting being post-depositional. The first tectonic model for the basin was developed in 1964, with an eastward migrating depocentre proposed in a downthrown basin between two high-angle normal faults with sedimentation keeping pace with eastward propagation of the faults. In 1977 a strike-slip pull-apart basin model was proposed, by analogy with basins developed along the San Andreas Fault system, with the cyclicity explained as a result of periodic fault activity. In 1984 another extensional model was proposed and this was supported in 1986 by the recognition of the underlying Nordfjord-Sogn Detachment, a major extensional structure with tens of km of displacement. | 66c5544f-93bb-4abc-81b4-ff061ff58e66 |
null | A351 may refer to:
A351 road may refer to: | c70fb503-c471-4177-9928-20abf231e827 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonic_acid"} | Organic compounds with the structure R−S(=O)2−OH
In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O)2−OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O)2(OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide. As a substituent, it is known as a sulfo group. A sulfonic acid can be thought of as sulfuric acid with one hydroxyl group replaced by an organic substituent. The parent compound (with the organic substituent replaced by hydrogen) is the parent sulfonic acid, HS(=O)2(OH), a tautomer of sulfurous acid, S(=O)(OH)2. Salts or esters of sulfonic acids are called sulfonates.
Preparation
Aryl sulfonic acids are produced by the process of sulfonation. Usually the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide. A large scale application of this method is the production of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids:
In this reaction, sulfur trioxide is an electrophile and the arene is the nucleophile. The reaction is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Alkylsulfonic acids can be prepared by many methods. In in sulfoxidation, alkanes are irradiated with a mixture of sulfur dioxide and oxygen. This reaction is employed industrially to produce alkyl sulfonic acids, which are used as surfactants.
Direct reaction of alkanes with sulfur trioxide is not generally useful, except for the conversion methanesulfonic acid to methanedisulfonic acid.
Many alkane sulfonic acids can be obtained by the addition of bisulfite to terminal alkenes. Bisulfite can also be alkylated by alkyl halides:
Sulfonic acids can be prepared by oxidation of thiols:
This pathway is the basis of the biosynthesis of taurine.
Hydrolysis routes
Many sulfonic acids are prepared by hydrolysis of sulfonyl halides and related precursors. Thus, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid is prepared by hydrolysis of the sulfonyl fluoride, which in turn is generated by the electrofluorination of octanesulfonic acid. Similarly the sulfonyl chloride derived from polyethylene is hydrolyzed to the sulfonic acid. These sulfonyl chlorides are produced by free-radical reactions of chlorine, sulfur dioxide, and the hydrocarbons using the Reed reaction.
Vinylsulfonic acid is derived by hydrolysis of carbyl sulfate, (C2H4(SO3)2), which in turn is obtained by the addition of sulfur trioxide to ethylene.
Properties
Sulfonic acids are strong acids. They are commonly cited as being around a million times stronger than the corresponding carboxylic acid. For example, p-Toluenesulfonic acid and methanesulfonic acid have pKa values of −2.8 and −1.9, respectively, while those of benzoic acid and acetic acid are 4.20 and 4.76, respectively. However, as a consequence of their strong acidity, their pKa values cannot be measured directly, and values commonly quoted should be regarded as indirect estimates with significant uncertainties. For instance, various sources have reported the pKa of methanesulfonic acid to be as high as −0.6 or as low as −6.5. Sulfonic acids are known to react with solid sodium chloride (salt) to form the sodium sulfonate and hydrogen chloride. This property implies an acidity within two or three orders of magnitude of that of HCl(g), whose pKa was recently accurately determined (pKaaq = −5.9).[citation needed]
Because of their polarity, sulfonic acids tend to be crystalline solids or viscous, high-boiling liquids. They are also usually colourless and nonoxidizing, which makes them suitable for use as acid catalysts in organic reactions. Their polarity, in conjunction with their high acidity, renders short-chain sulfonic acids water-soluble, while longer-chain ones exhibit detergent-like properties.
The structure of sulfonic acids is illustrated by the prototype, methanesulfonic acid. The sulfonic acid group, RSO2OH features a tetrahedral sulfur centre, meaning that sulfur is at the center of four atoms: three oxygens and one carbon. The overall geometry of the sulfur centre is reminiscent of the shape of sulfuric acid.
Applications
Although both alkyl and aryl sulfonic acids are known, most of the applications are associated with the aromatic derivatives.
Detergents and surfactants
Detergents and surfactants are molecules that combine highly nonpolar and highly polar groups. Traditionally, soaps are the popular surfactants, being derived from fatty acids. Since the mid-20th century, the usage of sulfonic acids has surpassed soap in advanced societies. For example, an estimated 2 billion kilograms of alkylbenzenesulfonates are produced annually for diverse purposes. Lignin sulfonates, produced by sulfonation of lignin are components of drilling fluids and additives in certain kinds of concrete.
Dyes
Many if not most of the anthraquinone dyes are produced or processed via sulfonation. Sulfonic acids tend to bind tightly to proteins and carbohydrates. Most "washable" dyes are sulfonic acids (or have the functional sulfonyl group in them) for this reason. p-Cresidinesulfonic acid is used to make food dyes.
Acid catalysts
Being strong acids, sulfonic acids are also used as catalysts. The simplest examples are methanesulfonic acid, CH3SO2OH and p-toluenesulfonic acid, which are regularly used in organic chemistry as acids that are lipophilic (soluble in organic solvents). Polymeric sulfonic acids are also useful. Dowex resin are sulfonic acid derivatives of polystyrene and is used as catalysts and for ion exchange (water softening). Nafion, a fluorinated polymeric sulfonic acid is a component of proton exchange membranes in fuel cells.
Drugs
Sulfa drugs, a class of antibacterials, are produced from sulfonic acids.
Lignosulfonates
In the sulfite process for paper-making, lignin is removed from the lignocellulose by treating wood chips with solutions of sulfite and bisulfite ions. These reagents cleave the bonds between the cellulose and lignin components and especially within the lignin itself. The lignin is converted to lignosulfonates, useful ionomers, which are soluble and can be separated from the cellulose fibers.
Reactions
Hydrolysis
Arylsulfonic acids are susceptible to hydrolysis, the reverse of the sulfonation reaction. Whereas benzenesulfonic acid hydrolyzes above 200 °C, most related derivatives are easier to hydrolyze. Thus, heating aryl sulfonic acids in aqueous acid produces the parent arene. This reaction is employed in several scenarios. In some cases the sulfonic acid serves as a water-solubilizing protecting group, as illustrated by the purification of para-xylene via its sulfonic acid derivative. In the synthesis of 2,6-dichlorophenol, phenol is converted to its 4-sulfonic acid derivative, which then selectively chlorinates at the positions flanking the phenol. Hydrolysis releases the sulfonic acid group.
Esterification
Sulfonic acids can be converted to esters. This class of organic compounds has the general formula R−SO2−OR. Sulfonic esters such as methyl triflate are considered good alkylating agents in organic synthesis. Such sulfonate esters are often prepared by alcoholysis of the sulfonyl chlorides:
RSO2Cl + R′OH → RSO2OR′ + HCl
Halogenation
Sulfonyl halide groups occur when a sulfonyl functional group is singly bonded to a halogen atom. They have the general formula R−SO2−X where X is a halide, almost invariably chloride. They are produced by chlorination of sulfonic acids using thionyl chloride and related reagents.
Displacement by hydroxide
Although strong, the (aryl)C−SO3− bond can be broken by nucleophilic reagents. Of historic and continuing significance is the α-sulfonation of anthroquinone followed by displacement of the sulfonate group by other nucleophiles, which cannot be installed directly. An early method for producing phenol involved the base hydrolysis of sodium benzenesulfonate, which can be generated readily from benzene.
C6H5SO3Na + NaOH → C6H5OH + Na2SO3
The conditions for this reaction are harsh, however, requiring 'fused alkali' or molten sodium hydroxide at 350 °C for benzenesulfonic acid itself. Unlike the mechanism for the fused alkali hydrolysis of chlorobenzene, which proceeds through elimination-addition (benzyne mechanism), benzenesulfonic acid undergoes the analogous conversion by an SNAr mechanism, as revealed by a 14C labeling, despite the lack of stabilizing substituents. Sulfonic acids with electron-withdrawing groups (e.g., with NO2 or CN substituents) undergo this transformation much more readily. | 4cf7b5b8-81c1-4b5d-ac42-c07a1171c90e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asylum_Avenue_District"} | Historic district in Connecticut, United States
United States historic place
The Asylum Avenue District encompasses the institutional core of the Asylum Hill neighborhood of Hartford, Connecticut. Located just west of Downtown Hartford across Interstate 84, it includes four churches, a school, and a handful of adjacent 19th-century residences. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
Description and history
The Asylum Avenue District is centered on a stretch of Sigourney Street, between Asylum and Farmington Avenues, both major arteries leading west from downtown Hartford. Extending east and west from that road are the institutional buildings that make up the heart of Asylum Hill. The northeastern corner of the district is marked by the Asylum Hill Congregational Church, a Gothic Revival brownstone built in 1865. It is a rare example of a Congregational church designed by Patrick C. Keely, most of whose work was for the Roman Catholic Church. At the southeastern corner is the Cathedral of St. Joseph, the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hartford. It was built in the early 1960s to a design by Eggers & Higgins in the International style, replacing a Gothic brownstone designed by Keely that was destroyed by fire.
West of St. Joseph's stands the Trinity Episcopal Church, built in 1892 in the English Country Church style out of red brick. Across Sigourney Street from Trinity is the campus of the West Middle School, which includes a 1930 Georgian Revival building and an older Romanesque structure. At the northwestern corner of the district stands the Asylum Avenue Baptist Church, A Collegiate Gothic building built in 1931 on the site of an 1872 church. Between It and the Congregational Church are a row of fine houses dating to the mid-to-late 19th century Victorian period.
Prior to its development in the mid-19th-century, the Asylum Hill area was mostly farmland owned by the locally prominent Goodwin family. Francis Goodwin was rector of Trinity Church, and some of the Goodwin land was purchased for the construction of St. Joseph's. The Baptist Church came about through the initiative of Jonathan Niles, for whom Niles Street is named. | b7b1851a-a527-4cbb-b5d5-13f2548f8353 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Venezuela"} | Venezuela vehicle license plates
Venezuela requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates.
Current plates are North American standard 6 × 12 inches (152 × 300 mm).
The car registration plates of Venezuela (also called plates) are distinctive used for the identification of all vehicles automotiveis that travel through the national communication channels. The coding system in force since 2008 establishes a serialization consisting of four letters and three numbers. Fees vary according to the type of transport and its specific use.
Format
Venezuelan license plates have a serialization of four letters and three numbers, for a total of seven characters ('AB123CD). The plates have a rectangular shape of 300 mm x 150 mm, framed with black borders and a white background on which an impression of the national flag] has been superimposed. . The alphanumeric serial is located in the center of the plate, whose sequence of digits will correspond to the type of vehicle. The legend Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is inscribed in the upper part in blue, while the lower part will indicate the federal entity in which it is domiciled the owner of the vehicle. The last letter of the particular serial will indicate that same locality by code.
Identification
According to the federal entity
The current legal provision establishes that the last letter of the plate indicates the federal entity in which the vehicle was registered. In previous resolutions, this was located in the first letter.
During the 1990s, the use of the letters W, X and Y began to designate the former federal territories that were elevated to the category of state: Delta Amacuro in 1991, Amazonas in 1992 and Vargas in 1998. For its part, the letter Z is used for signalization, but does not designate any entity in particular.
Depending on the type of vehicle
The license plates between ordinary (private) vehicles and special ones present differences in the ordering of their characters, as well as in their measurements, designs and security devices depending on the use or the organization to which they are assigned.
Ordinary
Specials
Officials
Disputes
The new Venezuelan license plates in force since 2008 have been strongly criticized by citizens and by security forces because it is difficult to identify a vehicle at the time of any type of accident (theft, homicide, robbery, collision without responsibility, etc.) what makes the old system (1982 -1997) endearing, where the plates had three letters and three numbers, the type of use was identified with colors at the bottom of the plate and at the bottom of the letters, the special plates also they were visibly notable (schoolchildren, taxi, by post and public authorities). It has been determined worldwide that the more numbers and letters the license plate of a vehicle has, the more difficult and tedious the identification system is. | d8892258-0fd6-4def-80ef-f3d407fa936d |
null | Professor of Biological Physics
Catherine Elizabeth "Cait" MacPhee CBE FRSE FInstP FRSC is Professor of Biological Physics at the University of Edinburgh. After studying for her BSc in biochemistry and her PhD in medicine at the University of Melbourne she moved to the University of Oxford for postdoctoral research, where she was a research fellow at St Hilda's College, and subsequently held a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship. From 2001-2005 she was a Royal Society University Fellow in the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge and held a research fellowship at Girton College and then a fellowship at King's College. In 2006 she moved to the University of Edinburgh, where she became Professor of Biological Physics in 2011.
MacPhee's research into the BslA protein from Bacillus subtilis, together with Nicola Stanley-Wall from the School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, has been widely reported because of potential applications in the production of ice cream. She was appointed CBE in the 2016 New Year Honours "for services to women in physics", and was subsequently elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 2016 she was selected as a finalist for the BBSRC Innovator of the Year competition. In 2018 she was awarded the Gabor Medal of the Royal Society. | dd9003f0-3725-4ac4-9d2c-77a7a83e0f67 |
null | Erimo may refer to: | 33c693ec-8c1d-492e-ba84-d8bdd5ba19b7 |
null | Dr. Byron Cook is an American computer science researcher at University College London. Byron's research interests include program analysis/verification, programming languages, theorem proving, logic, hardware design, and operating systems. Byron's recent work has been focused on the development of automatic tools for
Awards and Prizes
In 2009, Cook won the Roger Needham Award. His public lecture was on "Proving that programs eventually do something good".
Cook was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineers in 2019. | f6bfdb3c-6594-42af-bfad-e47cdf4a716c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupa"} | Company that offers health insurance and healthcare services.
Bupa /buːpə/, legally British United Provident Association Limited, is an international health insurance and healthcare group with over 38 million customers worldwide.
Bupa's origins and global headquarters are in the United Kingdom. Its main countries of operation are: Australia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Chile, Poland, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Turkey, Brazil, Ireland, Mexico and the United States. It also has a presence across Latin America, the Middle East and Asia, including joint ventures in Saudi Arabia and India.
Bupa is a private company limited by guarantee. It has no shareholders and reinvests its profits.
Health insurance represents 71% of Bupa's revenues worldwide and 21.1 million of its customers. Bupa runs various health provision services for a further 16,9 million customers worldwide (21% of its revenue) including hospitals (primarily in Spain, Poland and Chile), outpatient clinics, dental centres and digital services. Bupa also runs aged care facilities in four countries: UK, Australia, Spain and New Zealand, which make up 8% of its revenue.
It was ranked 83rd out of 750 global companies in the 2020 Forbes World's Best Employers List.
History
Bupa (originally the British United Provident Association) was established in 1947 when seventeen British provident associations joined together to provide healthcare for the general public. The firm is a private company limited by guarantee; it has no shareholders, and any profits (after tax) are reinvested in the business.
The services offered by Bupa began as private medical insurance, offering policies to individuals, companies and other organisations, and eventually expanded to include privately run hospitals, outpatient clinics, health assessments, GP services, dental centres, digital health, aged care and other health services.
Leadership
Iñaki Ereño became Group CEO in January 2021. Ereño was previously the CEO of Bupa's Europe and Latin America division.
Growth of the company
Bupa has expanded internationally from its UK operations. Malta was the site of Bupa’s first overseas business in 1971 and it started insurance operations in Hong Kong in 1976.
1980s
In 1982, Bupa International was launched to provide worldwide medical cover to people working outside their home country. This business division is now branded as 'Bupa Global'.
In 1989, Bupa acquired 'Sanitas' S.A. de Seguros, now Spain's second largest private medical insurer. This has expanded to become a combined health insurance, hospital, clinic, dental and aged care business operating under the Sanitas brand.
1990s
During the 1990s, Bupa continued to expand internationally. An insurance business was established in Thailand which was sold in 2017 to Aetna. Bupa Ireland, a health insurance business, was established in 1996 but sold in 2007.
Bupa also diversified in the UK into care homes with the acquisition of 200 homes through Community Nursing Homes, Goldsborough Healthcare Group and Care First Group.
In 1997, Bupa entered the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in partnership with the Nazer Group to form Bupa Arabia. In 2008, Bupa Arabia was listed on the Tadawul, the Saudi stock market. Bupa Arabia is now the leading health insurance provider in the KSA. Bupa owns 43.25% of this business.
2000–2010
In the 2000s, Bupa entered the Australian health insurance market, opened hospitals in Spain and expanded its network of clinics and care homes in the UK.
In 2007, Bupa completed the sale of its UK hospitals business to Spire Healthcare. Bupa’s rationale was that the scale of both its UK hospitals and insurance businesses meant that they were becoming increasingly constrained by being part of the same group.
Significant acquisitions followed. The largest of these was the merger of Bupa's insurance business in Australia with the insurance group MBF to form what was then Australia’s second largest private medical insurer. In 2011, Bupa Australia brought together the insurance brands MBF, HBA and Mutual Community under the Bupa brand. Bupa acquired the Amity Group of care homes in Australia in 2007.
In 2010, Bupa launched a partnership in India with Max India Ltd. In 2019, Bupa completed the transition to a new partner, True North, while retaining a 44.42% stake in the business, which is now branded Niva Bupa.
Since 2010
In 2012, Bupa acquired the largest private healthcare network in Poland, LUX MED, from the private equity fund Mid Europa Partners for €400m.
Other acquisitions in this period included: Dental Corporation, Australia and New Zealand’s largest dental provider; Quality HealthCare, a private clinic network in Hong Kong; a 49% stake in Highway to Health, Inc., a US health insurer specialising in providing international health insurance for US residents planning to live or work abroad.
In February 2015, Bupa acquired a controlling share in Chilean private healthcare network Cruz Blanca. In 2016, Bupa became the sole owner of Cruz Blanca (branded as Bupa Chile). Bupa Chile opened a major hospital in Santiago in 2018.
In 2016, Bupa acquired Care Plus, a health insurance business in Brazil.
In the UK, in 2016, Bupa sold its home healthcare medication delivery division to Celesio AG.
In 2017, Bupa completed the purchase of Oasis Dental Care, the UK's leading private dental provider with 380 practices, for £835 million, from Bridgepoint, a Private Equity group. As a result Bupa became a major dental provider. The business has since grown to around 490 clinics in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Bupa operates dental practices in the Republic of Ireland under the Smiles Dental brand.
In the UK, in August 2017, it sold 122 care homes, with 9,000 beds, to HC-One for £300 million. 22 further homes were sold to Advinia Healthcare.
In 2018, Sanitas acquired Nectar Seguros, a Spanish private health insurer.
In January 2019, Bupa acquired Acibadem Sigorta in Turkey. Bupa Acıbadem Sigorta is Turkey's second largest health insurer with both corporate and individual customers. Headquartered in Istanbul, it insures 600,000 people. In December 2020, Bupa México announced the acquisition of BBVA México's medical services provider Vitamédica. In January 2021, in the UK, the transfer of CS Healthcare’s business and 17,500 members to Bupa completed.
Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting war, Bupa announced that it would be ending relations with businesses in Russian and Russian-controlled businesses.
Through its business in Poland, Lux/Med, Bupa has been working with the authorities and other institutions to offer urgent free medical assistance to refugees from Ukraine through its 258 medical centres and 13 hospitals. It has set up teams of paramedics, doctors and medical equipment to solve the problems of the refugees and their families, as well as providing employment for Ukrainian medial staff in its facilities.
Operations and business structure
This is taken from published corporate information by Bupa and regulatory reports, financial disclosures. Bupa's global operations across its group are structured across three divisions ("Market Units") together with a number of other business and partnerships.
Asia Pacific
The company's main office is in Melbourne. Other major offices are in Adelaide, Brisbane and Sydney.
Europe and Latin America
The Europe and Latin America's division's headquarters are in Madrid.
Bupa Global and UK
Bupa has its global and UK head offices in central London. In the UK, there are also major offices in Staines, Salford Quays, Brighton, Bristol and Leeds.
Other businesses
Bupa also has associate health insurance businesses in Saudi Arabia (Bupa Arabia) and India (Niva Bupa).
Foundations
Bupa supports a number of grant-giving foundations in different countries which work on health and social issues. During the COVID19 pandemic there was an extra effort to support communities through its charitable foundations in Australia, UK and Spain. A Healthy Communities Fund was established, with a special emphasis on mental health and wellbeing in schools.
UK
The Bupa UK Foundation focuses on grant-giving and charity partnerships around mental health. These include Beyond Words for World Mental Health Day supported by Cheltenham Festivals, Mind, National Literacy Trust.
Australia
The Bupa Health Foundation is one of the leading charitable foundations dedicated to health in Australia. The foundation invests in research that claims to improve health and it collaborates with researchers across academic, industry and healthcare communities. It advocates for researchers, organisations and initiatives that are improving health capacity building by developing skills and networks of health and medical researchers. Over the last 10 years the foundation has invested more than AUS$35 million in partnerships. Focus areas include youth mental health including partnerships with Kids Helpline, Macquarie University Centre for Emotional Health, Edith Cowan University.
Spain
The Fundacion Sanitas focuses on inclusive sports, the recognition of young doctors in Spain, the health and well-being of caregivers of people with dementia, cooperation in health and research in cardiovascular diseases.
Regulatory action and controversies
United Kingdom
Bupa UK has been criticised by some judges, coroners and regulators regarding failures to meet regulatory standards in some of its residential care homes.
Staff and families of residents in some care homes have criticised Bupa for allegedly prioritising profits to the detriment of care.
In 2017, there was a data breach involving health insurance customers in the Bupa Global division.
In 2018, Bupa UK was fined £1,500,000 after a care home resident died after contracting Legionnaire's disease.
Australia
Bupa's operations in Australia have been the subject of regulatory action and criticism in news media, particularly in 2018 and 2019.
Previous issues and allegations made include:
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bupa. | 9e00cb66-c686-4710-9ab4-2464c5cda7ad |
null | Bosnian footabller
Senad Merdanović (born 7 August 1961 in Kakanj, SFR Yugoslavia) is a retired Bosnian professional footballer. He was a member of the FK Sarajevo squad that won the Yugoslav First League in 1985. In August 2006 he was named the Director of football of FK Sarajevo, a position he held until 2010.
Personal life
His brother Nijaz Merdanović was also a notable member of FK Sarajevo, and later club chairman. | 019e4a40-175f-4b0d-be1b-8bf95cbda01f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exit_sign"} | Sign indicating the location of the nearest emergency exit
Post-1982 Japanese exit sign ("running man") designed by Yukio Ota in 1979. ISO Standard (1987) sign in parts of Asia-Pacific, Europe, and the Americas; actual implementations vary slightly
The red or green EXIT sign is more common in the United States.
Sign used in the European Union and Macau, the arrow showing the escape route can be to the left, to the right, up or down
Exit in the Stockholm Metro in Sweden highlighted with the ISO variant character on doors
An exit sign is a pictogram or short text in a public facility (such as a building, aircraft, or boat) denoting the location of the closest emergency exit to be used in case of fire or other emergency that requires rapid evacuation. Most relevant codes (fire, building, health, or safety) require exit signs to be permanently lit.
Exit signs are designed to be absolutely unmistakable and understandable to anyone. In the past, this generally meant exit signs that show the word "EXIT" or the equivalent in the local language, but increasingly exit signs around the world are in pictogram form, with or without supplementary text.
History
A dim early exit sign lit by an incandescent bulb
An exit sign with a design that is easier to see, even in poor visibility, emergency lighting immediately above
Early exit signs were generally either made of metal and lit by a nearby incandescent light bulb or were a white glass cover with "EXIT" written in red, placed directly in front of a single-bulb light fixture. An inherent flaw with these designs was that in a fire, the power to the light often failed. In addition, the fixtures could be difficult to see in a fire where smoke often reduced visibility, despite being relatively bright. The biggest problem was that the exit sign was hardly distinguishable from an ordinary safety lighting fixture commonly installed above doors in the past. The problem was partially solved by using red-tinted bulbs instead.
Better signs were soon developed that more resembled today's modern exit sign, with an incandescent bulb inside a rectangular-shaped box that backlit the word "EXIT" on one or both sides. Being larger than its predecessors, this version of the exit sign solved some of the visibility problems. The sign was only useful as long as mains power remained on.
As battery-backup systems became smaller and more efficient, some exit signs began to use a dual-power system. Under normal conditions, the exit sign was lit by mains power and the battery was in a charged state. In the event of a power outage, the battery would supply power to light the sign. Early battery-backup systems were big, heavy, and costly. Modern systems are lightweight, can be installed virtually anywhere, and are integrated into the fixture, rather than requiring a separate box. As batteries improved, so did the amount of time that a fixture could remain lit on batteries.
While exit signs were more visible due to large letters, even a 60-watt incandescent bulb shining through a plastic or glass cover could appear somewhat dim under certain conditions. Incandescent bulbs are still in use because they are cheap and common, even though they use more electricity and require more or less frequent replacement. Incandescent bulbs lit 24/7 have a greatly extended lifespan compared to ones that cycle on and off. When used in exit signs, they are often operated at a lower voltage than rated, which further extends their lifetime, at the trade-off of reduced light output and greatly reduced energy efficiency.
With the development of fluorescent lamp and light-emitting diode technology, exit signs could be made even brighter to compensate for the limited visibility in a fire situation, while using less electricity. Fluorescent lamps work in the same way as incandescent bulbs, back-lighting both sides of an exit fixture from within. LED signs combine a large number of bright light-emitting diodes to illuminate the sign from inside. An exit sign is constantly lit; fluorescent bulbs need to be changed more often than LEDs, although the absence of frequent on/off cycles extends the life of fluorescent lamps significantly. Generally, LEDs have a very long life, and may last for 10 years or more of continuous use, although their brightness may gradually diminish.
Radio-luminescent and phosphorescent signs that require no electricity have also been developed, and have been used since the 1970s. Radio-luminescence uses the radioactive decay of tritium gas to illuminate the sign, while phosphorescence uses light-emitting pigments to glow in the dark. While both of these signs meet California State Fire Marshal standards, electricity is used in the vast majority of signs.
Modern installations
Old sign still used in some old Hong Kong buildings
Standard China sign (ISO / BS 5499 standard)
Most exit signs in the world, except in countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, Hong Kong, Philippines, and Singapore, are of pictogram type. Australia, Canada, Singapore, and Hong Kong have made changes to their respective life safety codes to encourage pictogram use while the Philippines, which lacks a uniform standard for emergency exit signage, has some places that uses either pictogram exit signs, the signs with the word "EXIT"/"FIRE EXIT", or a mix between the two.
In the United States, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) defines the uniformed standard for exit signs. NFPA 101 - 7.10.3.1 requires text based exit signs for all standard mounted applications, but pictogram supplements are allowed as long as approval from the local authority is obtained and complies with NFPA 170. The NFPA has also approved the ISO pictogram as an option for low level glow-in-the-dark signs. New York City local law 26 requires these low level symbolic signs in all high rise buildings. In tunnels, the Transportation Research Board recommends using the ISO symbol. Newer Airbus, Bombardier CS100 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner planes started using the new pictogram exit signs, which were approved by the FAA in 2012 and 2014 (depending on aircraft type). The newly renovated Government Center subway station in Boston, as well as MBTA's newer Type 9 streetcars for the Green Line and new Orange Line trains by CRRC, uses exit signs with white-on-green "EXIT" text with the ISO pictogram next to it. Recent terminal renovations at the Albany International Airport have added supplemental ISO pictogram exit signage on terminal way-finding signage near the emergency exits.
Modern exit signs often can be seen indicating the path to an exit in commercial and large residential buildings that comply with fire code. Certain circumstances, such as the year a building was built, may leave it exempt from some of these codes. In most situations, the owner of the building is responsible for complying with exit sign requirements. This is especially true in older buildings that serve as multiple residences, such as apartment buildings, hotels, and campus dormitories.
Modern fixtures are usually in a rugged plastic or metal housing securely bolted to the wall or ceiling. The signs have the word "EXIT", or a picture representing exit, on both sides. Single-sided signs are also available for wall-mount installations. The signs often have metal or plastic knock-outs which can be removed so that an arrow is also lit pointing left or right. Modern exit signs are often combined with other safety devices, such as emergency floodlighting for supplementary area illumination. Exit signs draw a relatively small amount of power, and can generally be added onto any existing electrical circuit without adverse effects. Modern exit signs are also, to some degree, flame retardant.
In addition, specialized LED lamps with "candelabra" sized screw-in bases are available to replace the always-on incandescent lamps in older exit signs. This allows the existing fixtures to be easily upgraded to save energy, without the expense of complete replacement.
Most recently, LEC (light emitting capacitor) exit signs have come to market. Also called electroluminescent (EL), these signs only consume 1/4W of power, and have an operational life of 30+ years which far exceeds the typical 10-year life of an LED sign.
Non-compliance with building codes
It is often a serious offence as a building owner or landlord to not comply with the fire/building code in terms of Exit signage. In July 2016, for example, a fire in a Toronto apartment caused the death of one person and injured many others. An investigation found that Emergency lights and Exit signs were not properly illuminated, and the landlord was fined about $20,000 for "not properly illuminating exit signs, and having no record of emergency lighting tests", and another $50,000 for other infractions to the code.
Lighting
Sign illuminated by radioactive tritium
Photoluminescent (glow in the dark) Exit Sign
Inside of an emergency light/exit sign combination unit with light bulbs and backup battery
Since visibility may be reduced in a fire, due to smoke or failure of electric lighting, the sign is often permanently illuminated, usually by one of:
Color and design
In most regions, including the European Union, Japan, South Korea, and China, exit signs have green lettering. (In this color scheme, red is reserved to indicate prohibited activities.) In Australia, New Zealand , Canada, and most European countries pictograms are used in place of the word "exit". European sign directive 92/58/EEC of 24 June 1992 indicates that the signs should be green in color to indicate a safe place of exit. BS EN 1838:1999, BS 5266-7:1999 also governs the emergency lighting applications.
In the United States, exit signs can have either red or green lettering, but traditionally have been red. Many states or cities have enacted building codes which specify the sign color. For example, in Baltimore, Salt Lake City, and Portland, Oregon, green is required. New York City, Rhode Island, and Chicago (along with the rest of Illinois) require that exit signs have red text.
New and renovated buildings in Canada are required to use the international standard green "running man" pictogram. The 1995 Canadian national building code required "red letters on a contrasting background or white letters on a red background ... spelling EXIT or SORTIE", however the 2010 Code calls for a switch from the red EXIT signs to the green "running-man" signs. The national building code informs provincial and municipal building codes but does not have legal status itself. Most Canadian jurisdictions require the international green "running-man" pictogram, however some have allowed red "EXIT" signs to be maintained in older properties so long as one style is used consistently throughout the building.
Green fluorescent signs can be seen better in dark conditions than other colours, as the human rod cell is more sensitive to these wavelengths.
Newly installed exit signs in Australia are green with white "running man" figure (AS2293). Previously, green written 'EXIT' signs were standard.
Accessible designs
There is a trend towards providing a more accessible, socially inclusive exit sign design based on universal design principles, including consideration for people with disability in an overall exit sign strategy for a building or facility. [citation needed]
The Accessible Exit Sign Project started in Australia in 2014, has spread to New Zealand and the United States, and is an international awareness campaign that promotes the need for an accessible means of egress. Advocates proposes that appropriate exit signage to identify the accessible means of egress is a critical component to the successful emergency planning for any building.
The proposed new exit sign design features an "Accessible Means of Egress Icon", which includes an adaptation of the "running man" symbol with a new wheelchair symbol. The design is considered an enhanced version of the ISO 7010 and ISO 21542 accessible exit sign that shows the "running man" and International Symbol of Access at the end of the sign. The universally inclusive design with the "running man" and 'Accessible Means of Egress Icon' wheelchair symbol essentially share the same upper torso, and the design shows the two moving through the door together. The Global Alliance on Accessible Technologies and Environments (GAATES) has stated that the introduction of the "Accessible Means of Egress Icon" onto exit signage changes the current discriminatory approach to emergency exit signs and presents a fully inclusive design. "The combined ‘Running Man’ and ‘Accessible Means of Egress Icon’ […] are working together to escape the building. They move in unison, display the same urgency and motion and appear to be travelling at the same speed. Their heads are forward, showing their haste. Arms are extended and motioning back and forth as they move through the doorway."
The accessible exit signs are now being produced in Australia, New Zealand, United States and United Kingdom, also featuring braille and tactile lettering suitable for people that have low vision or are blind. The design is intended to show where wheelchair accessible exit routes, evacuation lifts, evacuation devices and areas of refuge are located. The concept also provides more intuitive building design to assist people that are blind or have low vision to locate an exit. The design also meets the intent of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities which requires signatory countries to consider the need for universal design in buildings. | f3e81077-698d-4e2a-850c-7d6d304602ee |
null | Non-printing computer data item
In computer data, a substitute character (␚) is a control character that is used to pad transmitted data in order to send it in blocks of fixed size, or to stand in place of a character that is recognized to be invalid, erroneous or unrepresentable on a given device. It is also used as an escape sequence in some programming languages.
In the ASCII character set, this character is encoded by the number 26 (1A hex). Standard keyboards transmit this code when the Ctrl and Z keys are pressed simultaneously (Ctrl+Z, often documented by convention as ^Z). Unicode inherits this character from ASCII, but recommends that the replacement character (�, U+FFFD) be used instead to represent un-decodable inputs, when the output encoding is compatible with it.
Uses
End of file
Historically, under PDP-6 monitor, RT-11, VMS, and TOPS-10, and in early PC CP/M 1 and 2 operating systems (and derivatives like MP/M) it was necessary to explicitly mark the end of a file (EOF) because the native filesystem could not record the exact file size by itself; files were allocated in extents (records) of a fixed size, typically leaving some allocated but unused space at the end of each file. This extra space was filled with 1A16 (hex) characters under CP/M. The extended CP/M filesystems used by CP/M 3 and higher (and derivatives like Concurrent CP/M, Concurrent DOS, and DOS Plus) did support byte-granular files, so this was no longer a requirement, but it remained as a convention (especially for text files) in order to ensure backward compatibility.
In CP/M, 86-DOS, MS-DOS, PC DOS, DR-DOS, and their various derivatives, the SUB character was also used to indicate the end of a character stream, and thereby used to terminate user input in an interactive command line window (and as such, often used to finish console input redirection, e.g. as instigated by the command COPY CON: TYPEDTXT.TXT).
While no longer technically required to indicate the end of a file, as of 2017 many text editors and program languages still support this convention, or can be configured to insert this character at the end of a file when editing, or at least properly cope with them in text files.[citation needed] In such cases, it is often termed a "soft" EOF, as it does not necessarily represent the physical end of the file, but is more a marker indicating that "there is no useful data beyond this point". In reality, more data may exist beyond this character up to the actual end of the data in the file system, thus it can be used to hide file content when the file is entered at the console or opened in editors. Many file format standards (e.g. PNG or GIF) include the SUB character in their headers to perform precisely this function. Some modern text file formats (e.g. CSV-1203) still recommend a trailing EOF character to be appended as the last character in the file. However, typing Control+Z does not embed an EOF character into a file in either DOS or Windows, nor do the APIs of those systems use the character to denote the actual end of a file.
Some programming languages (e.g. Visual Basic) will not read past a "soft" EOF when using the built-in text file reading primitives (INPUT, LINE INPUT etc.), and alternate methods must be adopted, e.g. opening the file in binary mode or using the File System Object to progress beyond it.
Character 26 was used to mark "End of file" even though ASCII calls this character Substitute, and has other characters to indicate "End of file". Number 28 which is called "File Separator" has also been used for similar purposes.
Other uses
In Unix-like operating systems, this character is typically used in shells as a way for the user to suspend the currently executing interactive process. The suspended process can then be resumed in foreground (interactive) mode, or be made to resume execution in background mode, or be terminated. When entered by a user at their computer terminal, the currently running foreground process is sent a "terminal stop" (SIGTSTP) signal, which generally causes the process to suspend its execution. The user can later continue the process execution by using the "foreground" command (fg) or the "background" command (bg).
The Unicode Security Considerations report recommends this character as a safe replacement for unmappable characters during character set conversion.
In many GUIs and applications, Control+Z (⌘ Command+Z on macOS) can be used to undo the last action. In many applications, earlier actions than the last one can also be undone by pressing Control+Z multiple times. Control+Z was one of a handful of keyboard sequences chosen by the program designers at Xerox PARC to control text editing.
Representation
ASCII and Unicode representation of "substitute": | e467fc08-4a0e-472b-9e47-5cea52a50730 |
null | Canadian politician
George Henry Wilson (December 12, 1893 – October 17, 1988) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Hants West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1950 to 1963. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.
Born in 1893 at Upper Falmouth, Nova Scotia, Wilson was educated at the Maritime Business College. He married Mabel Dorothy Beckman in 1926, and then Marjorie Mason in 1961. A businessman by career, Wilson was the manager of Falmouth Fruit Co-operative Ltd., and president of Evangeline Broadcasting Corporation.
Wilson first attempted to enter provincial politics in 1949, finishing 3 votes ahead of Liberal George B. Cole on election night, but the Liberals asked for a recount. On June 18, a recount resulted in a tie between Wilson and Cole which was broken when the returning officer cast the deciding vote for Cole, declaring him elected by one vote. In January 1950, Wilson appealed the election result to the Nova Scotia Supreme Court, where under the Nova Scotia Controverted Elections Act, the returning officer's decision was ruled an undue return and the election voided. A byelection was held on November 27, 1950, resulting in Wilson defeating Liberal William C. Dunlop by 806 votes. Wilson was re-elected in the 1953, 1956, and 1960 elections. From 1957 to 1963, Wilson served as Deputy Speaker of the House of Assembly. He did not reoffer in the 1963 election. Wilson died in 1988 at Windsor, Nova Scotia. | 4ab1903d-ca84-4728-a166-386e892695cd |
null | Sarah Griffin was a professional printer who worked in London in the seventeenth century. She ran her own business from 1652 when she inherited the printing house of her husband, Edward. By 1668 she was operating two presses and employed one apprentice and six workmen. Her varied output included multiple editions of Rose's Almanac for the Stationers' Company along with works in Latin and French. Along with her son Bennett she printed the first published work by the poet Thomas Traherne, a work of Church history called Roman Forgeries (1673). | ea6c886b-64ee-415c-b00f-4c78da1382a8 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_Apodis"} | Variable star in the constellation Apus
Z Apodis (Z Aps) is a variable star in the constellation of Apus. It has an apparent visual magnitude which varies between 10.8 and 12.8, over a period of 39.37 days. Although described in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars as a cataclysmic variable star, it appears that it is a pulsating variable star, and has been classed as an RV Tauri variable star, type RVa. Other sources classify it is a type II (W Virginis) Cepheid. | 85660514-5eff-4d00-8f01-a9b2e6f587a1 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_Tuneinir"} | Tell Tuneinir (also spelled Tunaynir or Touneynir) is an archaeological site in northeastern Syria. It dates to the early third millennium BC and shows signs of continuous habitation lasting until the beginning of the 15th century AD with epochs during the early Byzantine Empire, when it was known as the city of Thannuris (Thannourios), and during the Ayyubid period.
Site and history
Tell Tuneinir is situated on the eastern bank of the Khabur river, 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Al-Hasakah, and have an area of 40 hectares (99 acres). It consists of a central mound, 18.2 metres (60 ft) high, surrounded by a lower city. The earliest occupation of the tell dates to the Ninevite V period c. 2700 BC. Bronze Age artifacts found include different kinds of pottery, bone tools, animals figurines made of clay depicting sheep, goats, and horses, and two clay ; one has the shape of astragulus and the other the shape of a robe, thus they relate to animal products and textile manufacturing. The site's role as an agricultural settlement is apparent by the existence of decorated sherds depicting animals grazing. By 2000 BC, the region witnessed large scale settlement abandonment and many sites were never reoccupied but Tell Tuneinir was not affected by the phenomenon; pottery and a cylinder seal discovered in the site demonstrated that it remained inhabited throughout the second and first millennia BC.
Roman period
When the Khabur turned into the frontier between the Roman Empire and its rival, the Parthian Empire, in the first century BC, Tell Tuneinir evolved from a small agricultural settlement into an important town. The ala prima nova Diocletiana, an equites sagittarii indigenae ("indigenous horse archers") unit, was stationed in the region between Tell Tuneinir, now named Thannuris, and Horaba (modern Tell Ajaja).
According to the 6th-century historian Procopius, there existed two cities with the name Thannourios. The Byzantine emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) decided to fortify Thannuris, but the first such attempt failed, as the Byzantine army under Belisarius was defeated by the Sassanid Persians. Eventually Justinian's efforts were successful, and the town became a "truly formidable" fortress, to protect the region from Saracen raids. Nevertheless, the Persians captured the fortress in 587, when it had apparently been left undefended.
Islamic period
During the early Islamic period, Tell Tuneinir evolved into a small city. In 1401, the armies of Timur destroyed the city. In the Ottoman era, bedouin semi-nomads erected their tents alongside the Durin canal, and Tell Tuneinir became a center for the taxation of those settlers; an Ottoman military building and tombs were found in the site.
Society
In the late Middle Ages, the city's population consisted of Arabic-speaking Muslims and Syriac-speaking Christians; the Syriacs show a cultural continuity throughout the Islamic era—from the Umayyad and Abbasid periods to the Ayyubid period—which is evident from the continuous use of the city's church between the 6th and 12th centuries.
Excavations
In 1853, Austen Henry Layard explored the site in the frame of his general survey of the Khabur valley and two more surveys were conducted by Friedrich Sarre and Ernst Herzfeld in 1911 and by Antoine Poidebard in 1934 who provided maps of the sites. In 1977-1978, the site was studied by Wolfgang Röllig and Hartmut Kühne then by Jean-Yves Monchambert in 1983 and 1984. The Syrian plans to build Al-Basil dam on the Khabur threatened many archaeological sites; at the request of the Syrian Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums, the St. Louis Community College formed a team headed by Michael and Neathery Fuller to evaluate the site in 1986. Excavations began in 1987, and the dam was completed in 1997 with further excavations depending on the rainfall. The site was last excavated in 2004. | c5b73a48-f904-44ea-aec3-77d89588fe2e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolenice"} | Municipality in South Moravian, Czech Republic
Dolenice (German: Tullnitz) is a municipality and village in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Geography
Dolenice is located about 23 kilometres (14 mi) east of Znojmo and 35 km (22 mi) south of Brno. It lies in a flat landscape in the Dyje–Svratka Valley.
History
The first written mention of Dolenice is from 1046.
Demographics
Sights
The most valuable monument is the Chapel of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. This octagonal Baroque building dates from the end of the 17th century. | 4e9c99e5-f1b6-4e95-8ac8-e4dab513d4db |
null | American police detective (1951–2022)
Oris Benny Buckner III (July 16, 1951 – June 1, 2022) was an American police detective. He revealed the extensive culture of racism and violence in the New Orleans Police Department. His testimony was the basis for a number of civil suits against 55 defendants, which resulted in a $2.8 million settlement by the city of New Orleans in 1986. He was the brother of actress Carol Sutton.
Background
On November 9, 1980, officer Gregory Neupert was shot and killed in Algiers, New Orleans, and witnesses reported seeing two white men flee the scene. Police attention was immediately focused on the predominantly Black neighborhood where the shooting had taken place. Robert Davis and Johnny Brownlee were interrogated by police as potential witnesses. Police pressured the two Black men to identify two other Black men as the people who shot officer Neupert. After they refused, police beat and tortured Davis and Brownlee.
Detective Oris Buckner, the only Black homicide detective in the department, was invited to participate in the beatings. Buckner briefly took part by slapping Davis across the face once. After trying to stop other officers from continuing, Buckner was removed from the interrogation. The officers then brought Davis and Brownlee to a bridge, where they were further coerced into identifying James Billy Jr. and Reginald Miles as the people who shot officer Neupert.
After obtaining the coerced witness statements, police served warrants at Billy and Miles' houses. Buckner was outside Miles' home when the raid took place. Buckner reported hearing police start shooting immediately after entering the house. Police shot and killed Miles and Billy. They also killed Sherry Singleton, the pregnant girlfriend of Miles, who was shot by a shotgun and pistol while naked in the bathtub. Police also shot and killed Raymond Ferdinand during a separate raid related to the Neupert investigation.
Days after the raids that killed four Black people, Oris Buckner reported the crimes to a state Assistant District Attorney. An all white state grand jury declined indicting any of the officers. The decision not to indict sparked protests in the city. A federal grand jury indicted seven officers in July 1981, of civil rights violations. Due to the media attention and resignation of police superintendent James Parsons, the trial was moved to Dallas. In March 1983, three of the seven officers were found guilty, John E. McKenzie, Dale Bonura, and Stephen Farrar.
The killing of Gregory Neupert was never solved, and nobody was ever charged in the deaths in Reginald Miles, James Billy Jr., Sheey Singleton, or Raymond Ferdinand. After Buckner's death in 2022, the Louisiana state legislature passed a resolution offering condolences to the Buckner family. | f3d6a288-bb96-4465-944c-dc262b2eb9e2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_South_Norfolk_District_Council_election"} | South Norfolk District Council election
The 1995 South Norfolk Council election took place on 4 May 1995 to elect members of South Norfolk District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.
Election result | 9269ab15-c850-40eb-813a-59ba474db634 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalesie-Wypychy"} | Village in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland
Zalesie-Wypychy [zaˈlɛɕɛ vɨˈpɨxɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Śniadowo, within Łomża County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Śniadowo, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Łomża, and 82 km (51 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok. | 1dc9ee6a-ffdc-46f5-ae72-1a2be4ee2cef |
null | Mustafa Mohamed Zarti (born 1970) was vice chairman of Libya's $65 billion sovereign wealth fund. | 97d4f08e-06db-4d26-9683-46fea40d45dc |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hana_Kimura_Memorial_Show_2"} | 2022 Japanese wrestling event
The Hana Kimura Memorial Show 2 (木村花メモリアルマッチ『またね』, Kimura Hana Memoriaru Matchi "Matane" 2) was the second Japanese professional wrestling memorial show and pay-per-view event promoted by Kyoko Kimura to commemorate the two-year anniversary of the death of her daughter Hana Kimura, who committed suicide on May 23, 2020. The event took place on May 23, 2022 at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan with a limited attendance due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event was broadcast live by FITE TV.
Background
On May 23, 2020, Hana Kimura committed suicide at age 22. Early that morning, Kimura posted self-harm images on Twitter and Instagram while sharing some of the hateful comments she received. In late 2020 and early 2021, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police arrested and charged multiple men for the cyberbullying that contributed to Hana's death.
In January 2022, it was reported that the second memorial show will materialize on further notice. The event was later scheduled for May 23, on the same date as the previous event from 2021. On May 14, 2022, Yu Ishino reached out via YouTube to announce that he will work as an ambassador at the event.
Event
The show featured former fellow wrestlers of Hana Kimura from World Wonder Ring Stardom such as the then-time World of Stardom Champion and God's Eye leader Syuri and former Tokyo Cyber Squad stablemate Jungle Kyona and Oedo Tai wrestler Rina who was accompanied ringside by Starlight Kid. Kairi, Shota and Ken Suzuki joined the commentary table for the night.
After winning the tag team battle royal, Chihiro Hashimoto and Mika Iwata were handed merchandise portraiting Hana Kimura by Ram Kaicho who won the 2021 battle royal. The show portraited the in-ring return of Jungle Kyona who was sidelined by injury for one and a half year who collided with Kyoko Kimura who came out of retirement for one more match in the honor of her daughter. The main event saw Syuri picking a win over Asuka. In the final moments of the show, a tribute video for Hana Kimura was aired, with various wrestlers such as Meiko Satomura, Kenny Omega, Riho, Nagisa Nozaki, Tajiri and many others paid tribute for Hana, reciting the word "Bagus" (great).
Sakura Hirota reprised her role of the previous 2021 show by dressing up as Hana Kimura in her red and black Oedo Tai ring gear during her series of matches.
Results | fdd22a5e-00d2-490f-9207-62add2be8144 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917%E2%80%9318_Blackpool_F.C._season"} | Blackpool F.C. 1917–18 football season
The 1917–18 season was Blackpool F.C.'s third season in special wartime football during World War I. They competed in two Football League competitions spread over the full season — the Lancashire Section, Northern Group Principal Competition, for thirty games, and then in the Lancashire Section, Group C, Subsidiary Competition, for a further six games. The club finished in 12th place in the principal competition and fifth in the subsidiary competition. Thomas Hunter was the club's top scorer, with eight goals (five in the principal competition and three in the subsidiary).
The FA Cup was suspended for the duration of the war.
Background
As with the 1916–17 season, Blackpool had to rely on a small nucleus of players supplemented by soldiers stationed in the town and the occasional league players as guests to make up the numbers. Again, they had to rely on staff from the Royal Army Medical Corps Depot (RAMC) based at Squires Gate. Edgar Chadwick, who had played for Blackpool in the 1904–05 season after a successful career at Everton, made two appearances for them again at the age of 48. George Beel, who went on to score 178 goals in 316 league games for Burnley, scored two goals in eleven appearances. Two RAMC men, Albert Moorcroft and Edmund Berry, who made their debut during this period, went on to sign professional terms with the club, as did Thomas Hunter, who played in the latter part of the season. Fred Pagnam, who had played for the club before the war, appeared in one Subsidiary Competition match.
Football League Group A
Lancashire Section, Northern Group Principal Competition
The Principal competition for the 1917–18 season consisted of sixteen teams, with the same teams as the 1916–17 season:
Blackpool began the campaign on 1 September 1917, with a home match against Oldham Athletic, which they won 3–2, with all three goals coming from Kirrage, a soldier based at the RAMC depot. The Seasiders also fielded a new full back partnership of Dunn with Horace Fairhurst, both based at the RAMC Depot. Fairhurst would go on to sign permanently for the club after the war, before his death in 1921.
Blackpool lost just one of their first five matches, with three guest players scoring. However, they then went on a five-game losing streak from 6 October, when they lost 3–1 at Stockport County, to 3 November when they were beaten at home 6–0 by Liverpool. The Seasiders still struggled to raise a full team, and against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 8 December they could only field ten players, having to borrow a player from the home team. On 5 January 1918, Blackpool beat Everton 1–0 at home, but followed this up with a run of six defeats and one draw, including a 7–2 defeat at Everton, a 4–0 loss to Port Vale, and a 5–0 loss to Bolton Wanderers, in which Edgar Chadwick made his second appearance of the season. Results started to improve, and they ended the season with a run of six matches undefeated (four wins and two draws), including a 4–1 win over Blackburn Rovers, with Thomas Hunter scoring all four goals. By this time, Moorcroft and Fairhurst had "gone away on the draft" and the club once again were having to find new players, even though the season was drawing to a close.
For the final match of the Principal Competition, at home to Burnley on 29 March, the Blackpool Committee stated that they had to rely entirely on local soldiers, and even then they could only announce the team just before kick-off. Blackpool won the match 1–0, with Hunter scoring his sixth goal in four games.
Source: [citation needed]
Lancashire Section, Group C, Subsidiary Competition
For the Subsidiary Competition, the Lancashire League was again divided into four, with the games played amalgamated at the end of the season to give a composite table.
Blackpool were again placed in Group C which contained four teams:
Blackpool again had to rely on soldiers stationed in the town for the Subsidiary Competition. The first two matches were held in mid-season during the Principal Competition. The home and away fixtures against Burnley were played with Blackpool losing at Turf Moor 3–1 on 24 November, and winning the return fixture 5–1 at Bloomfield Road on 1 December, when Edgar Chadwick made his return to the side at the age of 48. They won both matches against Blackburn Rovers: 2–0 at home on 30 March 1918, and 4–1 at Ewood Park on 6 April. They ended the season with the two games against Preston North End, losing 3–2 at home on 13 April then winning the final match of the season at Deepdale 4–1 on 20 April. In the combined Subsidiary Competition table Blackpool finished sixth, with Liverpool emerging as champions.
Source: [citation needed]
Summary
As with the previous season, Blackpool used a lot of personnel throughout the season, with a total of 53 different players being used in both competitions. Harold Keenan made the most appearances, with 34 (28 in the Principal Competition and six in the Subsidiary Competition). Dunn was next with 32 league appearances (27 in the Principal Competition and five in the Subsidiary Competition), followed by Horace Fairhurst with 27 (25 in the Principal Competition and two in the Subsidiary Competition).
Military international
On 2 January 1918, Bloomfield Road hosted a military international between England and Scotland. The match ended in a 1–1 draw, with a number of the RAMC men who played for Blackpool appearing in the match. For England, Monaghan (who had just started playing as Blackpool's goalkeeper), Bates, Kinsella, Grice and Moorcroft (who scored the English goal) all played. Robb and Sperrin, together with Englishman Horace Fairhurst, turned out for the Scots.
Transfers
In
Out | 3ac1e9e7-f1d2-4a2a-82c1-0a3948f5659b |
null | American football player (1927–2010)
American football player
Richard R. Flowers (August 13, 1927 – May 7, 2010) was an American football quarterback who played for one season in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Baltimore Colts in 1953. He played college football at Northwestern.
College career
Flowers played college football at Northwestern University where was the backup quarterback in the 1949 Rose Bowl. In 1950, Flowers became the second quarterback in school history to pass for over 1,000 yards in a season.
Military career
Following graduation, Flowers joined the United States Marine Corps and served in the Korean War.
Professional career
Flowers signed with the Green Bay Packers after serving with the Marines in 1953. He was traded to the Baltimore Colts on August 27, 1953 in exchange for an undisclosed draft pick in 1954. He played in one game for the Colts, going 2–for–4 for 18 yards. | 8ab39a6d-cb1e-4bab-9405-04d3f824fdeb |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaveri_Crater"} | Asteroid crater in southern India
Kaveri Crater is an area identified by scientists in India which appears to have been created by an asteroid impact that occurred around 800 to 550 million years ago. The area lying between Nilgiris and Kodaikanal is in the southern peninsular India. A study indicated that the Kaveri crater has a diameter of 120 kilometres. Because of the size of the crater, Kaveri crater can only be visualized through satellite images. The crater is the fourth largest crater in the world.
The crater
The region to the east of Palghat gap is of low elevation and nearly circular in shape. It forms a part of the Kaveri river basin. The predominantly gneissic terrain is surrounded by the charnockitic hill ranges, prominent among which are Nilgiris and Biligiriranga Hills to the north; and Anaimalai and Kodaikanal to the south. The charnockite massifs have a steep slope facing the circular feature and a gentler slope in the opposite direction. Fractures, faults and shear zones are noticed in many parts. The Bouguer anomaly in the gneissic terrain is elliptical in shape and positive, relative to the surrounding elevated region. The magnetic contours are also elliptical and the magnetic basement is deeper by about one kilometer compared with regions in the periphery. The shallow seismic velocity picture from Chennimalai to Palani indicates a graben structure. The velocity structure also depicts a 4-5 kilometer Moho up-warp near Chennimalai. Junction between the gneissic and charnockitic terrain and even beyond is marked by the presence of pseudotachylites and breccia. Field and petrographic studies indicate presence of suevite, planar deformation features (PDF), planar fractures, diaplectic glass of quartz and plagioclase and spherical inclusion in suevite. These evidences taken together point to an extraterrestrial impact that created a crater of approximately 120 kilometer in diameter. Several lines of indirect evidences point to Neoproterozoic age for the impact. | f1d00918-846e-44b6-88e2-fcd2c2524109 |
null | Miller Genuine Draft 400 may refer to: | 72c80a9d-280d-4c18-a113-6dbca1504755 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babczyzna"} | Village in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland
Babczyzna [bapˈt͡ʂɨzna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrówek, within Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north of Lubartów and 45 km (28 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin. | a7181a86-0fac-4c88-9f7c-f7fd0156a162 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalves"} | Neighborhood of Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal
Penalves is a neighbourhood of the Portuguese city of Póvoa de Varzim.
Penalves was formerly known as Penalva or before it as Penalva de Regufe. Penalva is of Celtic roots: pen from penha (stone) with alva (white), thus white stone. In the 17th century, the Penalves variant became common.
Penalves is located in the south part of Matriz/Mariadeira district. | a3b4e5cf-8dc1-4907-9891-ddc0c71d4416 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_Dale"} | Anglican Bishop of Jamaica
Basil Montague Dale (1903–1976) was the Anglican Bishop of Jamaica from 1950 until 1955. He was educated at Dean Close School and Queens' College, Cambridge and ordained in 1927. His first post was as Curate of St Andrew's, Catford after which he was priest in charge of All Saints, Putney. Later he held incumbencies at Handsworth and Paignton. An Honorary Chaplain to the King he was Rural Dean of Hertford before appointment to the episcopate. On return from Jamaica he was Rector of Haslemere (1955–1962) and an Assistant Bishop of Guildford (1955–1967); in 1962, he resigned the Rectory and became Assistant Bishop full-time; he resigned his remaining role on 30 June 1967, in ill-health. He was a Doctor of Divinity. | f3ffbd49-e7cf-4804-a05c-f33fa903162d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exit_Elvis"} | 2002 studio album by Tribe of Judah
Exit Elvis is the first and only album by Tribe of Judah. It was the first full-length album by Gary Cherone after leaving Van Halen.
The sound of the album is described as a mix between hard rock, industrial and electronica with a major use of keyboards and synthesizers. The album also features former Extreme members Pat Badger (bass) and Mike Mangini (drums). At least one track, "Left for Dead", was written by Cherone while in Van Halen, to be used in VH's next album with him (which never happened due to Cherone's departure).
Track listing
Personnel | 02643102-f10c-4853-b320-e5e102c04eaa |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Suspect_(2013_South_Korean_film)"} | 2013 South Korean film
The Suspect (Korean: 용의자; RR: Yonguija) is a 2013 South Korean action spy film starring Gong Yoo, and directed by Won Shin-yun.
Plot
Ji Dong-cheol was once one of the top special forces agent in North Korea, but after a change in political system, he was abandoned by his government while on a mission. He goes on the run, seeking his wife and daughter who were sold as slaves to China, only to discover their corpses. When he learns that an ex-colleague was behind their deaths, Dong-cheol goes on a vendetta for revenge, defecting to the South to chase his family's killer. Now living incognito, he searches for his nemesis during the day, and at night works as a personal chauffeur for Chairman Park, a business executive with ties to Pyongyang. One night the chairman is attacked and killed by an assassin, but not before handing over a special pair of glasses to Dong-cheol. The South Korean intelligence service, a member of which frames Dong-cheol for the murder, goes on the hunt for the beleaguered former spy. The manhunt is led by Min Se-hoon, a colonel and drill sergeant with whom Dong-cheol shares a past, and Kim Seok-ho, the director of the NIS. Aided by a feisty documentary filmmaker, Dong-cheol goes on the run again while trying to recover top-secret materials that his dying boss sent him to find.
Cast
Production
Yoon Kye-sang was originally cast in the lead role, but dropped out after co-star Choi Min-sik left the project.
Gong Yoo was eventually cast, and the protagonist's name "Ji Dong-cheol" is similar to the actor's birth name, Gong Ji-cheol. To create the right physique for his role, Gong went on a diet for three months to reduce his body fat. He learned the Russian martial art Systema for the film's fight scenes, and performed car chases, rock climbing and skydiving at the Han River without using stuntmen.
The film was partly shot in Puerto Rico in April 2013.
Release
The Suspect opened in South Korea on December 24, 2013. It was a box office hit, with 4.1 million admissions.
The film's distribution rights was sold to seven territories, including North America, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, India, the Middle East and German-speaking countries. Will Go USA screened the film in 15 theaters in the United States on January 10, 2014.
Reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 75% based on eight reviews, with an average rating of 6.67/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 63 out of 100, based on five critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
The Los Angeles Times praised the film's "inspired and teeth-grittingly determined" set pieces. The Washington Post wrote that the film "should entertain any action buff," while Screen Daily, a film journal in the UK, also gave a good review: "the style of the action scenes is so explosive and immersive that the movie even threatens the reputation of the 007 series." The New York Times reviewed that the "guns-or-butter dichotomy" is "more resonant than you'd expect."
Awards and nominations | 5e7d79c1-79d3-493e-a2c4-1d7434cc2268 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peta_Murray"} | Australian writer (born 1958)
Peta Murray is an Australian writer, born in Sydney in 1958. Best known as a playwright, she also writes short stories and essays and is a freelance dramaturg, director and occasional performer. She leads a parallel life as a teacher of creative writing and late-blooming academic researcher, in the higher education sector.
Early life
Peta graduated from Killara High School, Sydney in 1975. In 1979 she graduated from the University of New South Wales NSW with a Bachelor of Arts, and Honours in Drama, and went on to complete her Diploma of Education at the University of Sydney in 1980. She then began work as a high-school teacher of English and History, but remained involved in fringe and community theatre throughout her teaching career. In 1989 she began writing full-time. Several of her plays were subsequently published by Currency Press. Her short stories have been published by Sleepers, and Scribe.
Playwright
Murray's first play The Procrastinator was produced by the Griffin Theatre Company in 1981. Her best-known play, Wallflowering, was workshopped at the Australian National Playwrights' Conference in 1988, and went on to have numerous productions in Australia and overseas. Other works include Salt, Spitting Chips, an adaptation of Tim Winton’s novella Blueback, The Procedure, and The Keys to the Animal Room produced by Junction Theatre Company in South Australia.
Community theatre works include This Dying Business produced by Junction Theatre Company and The Law of Large Numbers by Mainstreet Theatre company in Mount Gambier. In 2006, she wrote Room, for Playworks and the Melbourne Writers Festival. In 2010 two ‘micro-plays’ featured in Finucane & Smith’s The Carnival of Mysteries at the Melbourne International Arts Festival. She has since developed and produced an epic new work for performance entitled Things That Fall Over: an (anti-)musical of a novel inside a reading of a play, with footnotes, and oratorio-as-coda. This was presented as a marathon of an extravaganza over five hours at Footscray Community Arts Centre on 1 March 2014 to mark International Women's Day. It featured a women's community choir working alongside well known artists and performers including Caroline Lee, Margaret Dobson, Liz Welch, Lisa Maza, and, as Verity in the musical coda, Swansong!!! The Musical!!! the legendary Margret RoadKnight. Music was composed by Peta Williams, choreography was by Robin Laurie and musical direction was by Jo Trevathan.
In 2016 Murray made first forays into live art performance and installation-based work. She presented Litanies for the Forgetful as part of the embOLDen exhibition at Footscray Community Arts Centre, and returned the following year to perform Missa Pro Venerabilibus: A Mass for the Ageing, alongside Robin Laurie and Heather Horrocks. This project was staged as part of Melbourne Fringe Festival, and made in collaboration with scenographers Rachel Burke and Jane Murphy, with whom Murray continues to work.
In 2018 she presented vigil/wake at Arts House, North Melbourne, under the banner of the Mere Mortals season. This work, first staged as part of the Melbourne International Festival project, Survival Skills for Desperate Times, continues to evolve. A tourable pop-up version was presented at the Public Health Palliative Care International Conference, in Leura, NSW.
2019 also saw Murray return to playwriting, with the premiere season of an immersive and participatory work for children, On Our Beach, created for and staged in Fremantle, Western Australia, by Spare Parts Puppet Theatre. It was directed by Philip Mitchell, designed by Cecile Williams, and featured original music by Lee Buddle.
Other activities
Peta Murray taught writing at the University of Western Australia Extension Service in the late 1980s, and spent eight weeks as Writer in the Community at Araluen Centre for Arts and Entertainment in Alice Springs in 1991. She has workers as a freelance dramaturg and director, taught playwriting at the University of Melbourne, and for RMIT University, at Melbourne's CAE, and as co-facilitator of The Blak Writers Lab for Ilbijerri Theatre.
In 2010 Murray co-founded, with clinical psychologist Kerrie Noonan, the not-for-profit arts-and-health organisation The GroundSwell Project. Its focus was on challenging Australia's culture of medicalised, institutionalised death and dying, and promoting a public health approach to deliver increased agency and broader choices at end-of-life. Murray served this organisation for many years in a pro bono capacity as its Creative Director before both she and Noonan stepped away in 2019. In the early years of the organisation Murray and Noonan ran three successful iterations of The Drama Project with students and Drama Teacher Nicole Bonfield at Penrith Selective High School. In its first year its intergenerational arts-and-health project: Rain-dancing For Beginners, conducted in partnership with MND NSW won a 2010 Excellence in the Arts in Palliative Care award at the Art of Good Health and Wellbeing, Second International Arts and Health Conference, in Melbourne. The Drama Project was later the subject of a documentary by filmmaker Jordan Byron. In its early years The Groundswell Project also delivered the FilmLife in partnership with the Organ and Tissue Authority, Busting Cancer - a body casting project in Western Sydney for women, and events within the Hidden program at Sydney's Rookwood Cemetery. Murray also devised and ran workshops on Writing Loss, while Noonan's focus included research projects such as the development of the first national Australia-wide Death Literacy Index, and community programs including Ten Things To Know Before You Go. They later established an annual event, Dying to Know Day, since held in August each year.
Since 2010 Murray has also completed a Diploma of Creative Industries at Victoria University, and two postgraduate degrees, a Master of Arts in playwriting through QUT, and a creative practice-based PhD through RMIT University. Her doctoral project Essayesque Dismemoir: w/rites of elder-flowering employed variations of the ‘performance essay’ to devise participatory nonfiction on the embodied experience of ageing. As part of her project, awarded in 2017, she produced a triptych of new works, under the title Ware With A Translucent Body.
Since 2018 Murray has held an appointment as a Vice-Chancellor's Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the School of Media & Communication at RMIT, where she is an active member of the non/fictionLab, and one third of the research collective, The Symphony of Awkward, with Dr Stayci Taylor and Dr Kim Munro. The Symphony of Awkward conduct practice-led research in an emergent-field they call diarology. Peta's own research also concerns the use of transdisciplinary and arts-based practices as modes of inquiry and forms of cultural activism. Her current focus, within the emergent field of arts-and-health, is the use playful and material thinking to develop coherent narrative spaces to promote meaning-making, in the face of illness, grief and loss.
Awards
Her play Salt won the 2001 Louis Esson Prize for Drama in the Victorian Premier's Literary Awards.
Murray has won Australian Writers' Guild awards for Spitting Chips (Theatre in Education/Community Theatre Category, 1990), The Keys to the Animal Room, (Theatre in Education/Community Theatre Category and Major Award Winner, 1994) and Blueback (Theatre for Young People, 2000).
In 2003, Murray was awarded an Australian Government Centenary Medal for Services to Society and Literature. | e8c5acae-4207-4d8d-a4de-ca2da6ad0e21 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto_Kazu"} | Japanese admiral (1860–1940)
Matsumoto Kazu (松本和, 15 March 1860 – 20 January 1940) was a vice admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, noted for his role in the Siemens scandal.
Biography
Matsumoto was born in Edo (now Tokyo) as the younger son of a direct retainer of the Tokugawa shogunate. He graduated in 1880 from the 7th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, ranked 19 out of 30 cadets. He served on a number of ships in the early Imperial Japanese Navy, including the corvettes Tsukuba, Settsu, Ryūjō, and Tsukushi. Promoted to lieutenant in 1886, he graduated from the first class of the Naval Staff College in 1888. He was the chief navigator on the cruiser Itsukushima in 1891–1892 on its year-long voyage to France.
Matsumoto then served in various postings within the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff after his return to Japan in May 1892, and on the staff of the Readiness Fleet. During the First Sino-Japanese War he was in charge of coordinating transportation for Imperial Japanese Army units and supplies to the Asian continent, winning much praise for his abilities. Although not in a combat command, he was awarded the Order of the Golden Kite, 4th class.
In June 1899, Matsumoto received his first command, that of the Yaeyama. He was promoted to captain three months later. He became commanding officer of Itsukushima in October 1903, and was given command of the battleship Fuji in September 1903.
During the Russo-Japanese War, Matsumoto participated at the Battle of Port Arthur and the Battle of the Yellow Sea. He was captain during the Battle of Tsushima, during which Fuji sank the Russian battleship Borodino. After the end of the war, Matsumoto was promoted to rear admiral and became commandant of Yokosuka Naval Arsenal in November 1906 and director of Naval Shipbuilding Command from October 1908. He was promoted to vice admiral in December 1909 and commander of Kure Naval District from December 1913. Matsumoto was widely regarded as the future Naval Minister. However, in the Siemens scandal, he was implicated of taking a bribe for facilitating the procurement of the Kongō. He was found guilty at a court-martial in May 1914, stripped of his rank and honors, fined 409,800 Yen and sentenced to three years in prison. After his release, he lived the rest of his life in obscurity.
Sources | 091d1362-b532-4577-8553-349883fcfeb0 |
null | John Boyes may refer to: | 645de38a-67b3-4379-b7ad-b8a1d78a703c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsey_(1787_ship)"} | Betsey was launched in 1787 at Newfoundland. She sailed to England and initially she traded between Bristol and the Mediterranean. In 1792 she made one complete voyage as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people before a French privateer captured her on her second slave voyage after she had embarked captives in West Africa and was bringing them to Jamaica.
Career
Missing issues resulted in Betsey first appearing in Lloyd's Register (LR) in the issue for 1789.
Captain John Spencer sailed from Bristol on 19 March 1792. Betsey acquired her captives at Bonny. She embarked 248 and arrived at Grenada on 31 August with 226, for a 9% mortality rate. She had left Bristol with 24 crew members and she had 22 when she arrived in Grenada, two having died on the voyage; she discharged eight crewmen in Grenada. She left Grenada on 15 September and arrived back at Bristol on 8 November. By the time Betsey arrived back at Bristol she had suffered a total of three deaths among her crew.
Captain Spencer sailed from Bristol on 19 January 1793.
Loss
In December 1793 Lloyd's List reported that a French privateer had captured Betsey, Spencer, master, as Betsey was sailing from Africa to Jamaica. The privateer sent Betsey into Saint Domingo. The vessel with 283 captives arrived at in Jacmel in August. The privateer had captured her off Puerto Rico on 10 August.
In 1793, 17 British slave ships were lost; nine were lost on the Middle Passage, sailing from Africa to the West Indies. During the period 1793 to 1807, war, rather than maritime hazards or resistance by the captives, was the greatest cause of vessel losses among British slave vessels.
Citations | 650ce16d-a7f9-43a8-84ee-1e53e3ceeae3 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sing_20_Number_One_Hits"} | 1980 studio album by Brotherhood of Man
Sing 20 Number One Hits is the tenth album by British pop group Brotherhood of Man. It was the first of two consecutive cover version albums by them. Released in 1980, it became the group's second biggest-selling album.
Background
This album was a departure from their previous albums in that it was made up of cover versions. The songs featured were all UK No.1 hits from the years 1974 to 1980. The album was released in November 1980 on Warwick Records (United Kingdom) and reached No.14 in the UK Album Charts. It became the group's second biggest selling album, remaining in the top 20 over Christmas 1980. It was awarded a gold disc for sales of over 100,000 by the BPI on 17 December 1980. This was the group's first album (of two) for Warwick Records, which released a series of albums alongside this by various other artists in the lead up to Christmas - Sing 20 Number One Hits being one of the most successful of these and was TV advertised. The album also reached No.29 in the New Zealand album charts in May 1981.
This album, like the group's previous albums was produced by manager Tony Hiller. Commenting on the collection in 1995, Hiller commended their professionalism in the studio, stating; "They were tremendously fast, we could do an album in two weeks. They would bring up their own harmonies. They were a joy to work with and it shows".
Of the songs contained, the earliest number one was a cover of "When Will I See You Again" by The Three Degrees from August 1974 and the most recent being "What's Another Year" by Johnny Logan from May 1980. Other notable covers included "Mull of Kintyre" by Wings, which was the UK's biggest-selling single at that time, and ABBA's "Dancing Queen" - a group that Brotherhood of Man had been compared to many times over their career. Altogether, two songs were from 1974, two from 1975, three from 1976, three from 1977, two from 1978, five from 1979 and three from 1980. Brotherhood of Man themselves scored three British No.1s during this period.
No singles were released from the album in the UK, but track "One Day at a Time" was released as a single in South Africa. The album was released on Vinyl and Cassette, and although many of the tracks had been released on various compact disc compilations over the years, the album in its original form wasn't released on CD until 10 October 2011 via the Northworld label.
Track listing
Side One
Side Two
Personnel
Chart performance | 96569091-33a1-451d-9931-930de7c24245 |
null | Netaji Subhas Medical College and Hospital, established in 2020, is a private medical college and hospital located at Bihta, Patna, Bihar. This college offers the Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS) courses and has an annual intake capacity of 100. This college is affiliated with the Aryabhatta Knowledge University and recognized by the National Medical Commission. | aaadd43a-ae99-496f-bbfb-272055a6a699 |
null | Peruvian footballer (born 1988)
Antonio Yosimar Lizarbe Merino (born 14 May 1988 in Lima) is a Peruvian footballer who currently plays for Universidad Técnica de Cajamarca.
Club career
Antonio Lizarbe started his career playing in the youth divisions of Sporting Cristal. In 2007, he was promoted to the first team. He debuted on 20 September 2007 in a match against Alianza Lima.
In 2008, Lizarbe was suspended for 6 months after he tested positive for cocaine in a drug test. In June 2010, he moved to Sport Boys.
Lizarbe currently plays for Universidad Técnica de Cajamarca. | 6a2d1020-446f-4008-95f6-0de307d51f38 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_Cards:_The_Beasts_of_Burden"} | 2022 video game
Voice of Cards: The Beasts of Burden is a 2022 role-playing video game developed by Alim and published by Square Enix for PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch and Microsoft Windows. It is the third game in the Voice of Cards series, which uses the aesthetic of a tabletop role-playing game for its story and gameplay. The player controls a woman out for revenge against the monsters that destroyed her home. Gameplay involves travelling between towns, completing story quests and fighting in turn-based battles, with the party able to use captured monsters as powerful abilities.
Several staff members from earlier Voice of Cards titles returned including creative director Yoko Taro, executive producer Yosuke Saito, lead director Maasa Mimura, artist Kimihiko Fujisaka, and composers Oliver Good and Shotaro Seo. Yoko also contributed to the scenario due to time pressure. Alongside gameplay additions, the overall tone was made darker in both its story and art design.
Gameplay
Voice of Cards: The Beasts of Burden is a role-playing video game which presents its world, characters and battles in the style of a tabletop role-playing game; everything is represented using cards, with the player navigating environments as a game piece, with environments being obscured until the player approaches and adjascent cards are flipped over. The player explores both a segmented overworld environment, and self-contained dungeon and town areas through a linear story campaign. In towns, players can rest at a local inn, and buy and sell items and equipment from merchants. Players can also engage in a card-based minigame, with the aim being to match card types and scores while working with or around random card effects, with the winner having the highest score. The card minigame supports four-person local multiplayer.
Battles play out through both scripted and random encounters with a party of four controlled by the player. During combat, the player can perform standard attacks, use items, and perform skills using gems generated once per turn and added to a pool. Some skill effects are dictated by rolling a dice. During some battles, happenstance cards are triggered, granting an effect to both the player and the enemy party. Damage from attacks is calculated using the attack and defense values on each card, while each character can only have one positive and one negative status effect at a time. Upon winning, the party is awarded with gold and experience points, with leveling up raising a character's health and attributes. After a certain point in the story, the player can also capture some defeated monsters and convert them into ability cards, which include powerful attacks and healing the party. Gaining a higher rank version of an existing card will cause the old card to be discarded, and all cards are single-use.
Synopsis
The Beasts of Burden is set in a world without night where humans live underground and for a millennium have waged hate-filled war against monsters for a millennium. When the underground village of Al'e is destroyed by a large monster, she is rescued by L'gol, an emotionally-distant young man serving the council of the surface city of Steelborough. Rescued due to a legendary ability of underground dwellers to control monsters, Al'e is sent to capture a powerful entity dubbed the Steel Primal, which has gone on a rampage and stirred violence in the local monsters. When Steelborough's elders attempt to take the Primal, as they sought its power to declare war on a neighbouring power and caused its rampage, L'gol betrays and kills the council to avenge their abuse of him and flees with Al'e into the surrounding desert lands. They are joined by Pulche, a scholar studying monsters after his parents apparently died in a monster attack; and Tralis, a half-monster beast tamer who Al'e initially mistrusts due to her hatred of monsters.
At Pulche's request, Al'e aids him in studying the cause behind monsters. Finding a settlement using the Fire Primal's energy despite it slowly killing them, Al'e captures the Fire Primal and decides to seek the legendary Newterra, a land abundant in resources that could help the people of the lands. During their journey they discover further cases of the emnity between humans and monsters causing sadness. Scaling the ice wall enclosing Newterra, capturing the Ice Primal in the process, Al'e's party finds Newterra is inhabited by monsters, including the one that destroyed Al'e's village. While they destroy the large monster's village, they discover monsters are as sentient as humans and harbor equal hatred. The group find the path to a large modern underground city under the monster village, a remnant of the "old world". There, fighting monsters wearing modern clothes, they discover Pulche's mother Mizar is still alive, losing the captured Primals to her.
Confronted, Mizar reveals that monsters were originally humans who willingly and permanently mutated themselves to fend off biological weapons that ran amok in the wake of a war; humans rejected them, spawning the millennium of hatred and the fall of the old world. Mizar and her husband were captured by the monsters to study the mutagen, and Mizar killed her husband when he attempted to abandon the project. She now intends to use the mutagen to change all humans into monsters, and used the young L'gol as a test subject. The party defeat the Primals, fatally wounding Mizar in the process, then are cornered by the pursuing forces of Steelborough. L'gol, transforming into a monster, saves the others and defeats the Steelborough forces. Reuniting with the transformed L'gol, Al'e sets off with Pulche and Tralis to bring night back to the world and see the stars. The narration claims that while the hatred between humans and monsters remains, Al'e's story offers hope for an eventual peace.
Development
The Beasts of Burden, as with the first two Voice of Cards titles, was developed by Alim and published by Square Enix. Returning staff included creative director Yoko Taro, executive producer Yosuke Saito, lead director Maasa Mimura, and artist Kimihiko Fujisaka. The scenario was co-written by Yoshiho Akabane, Agata Rokuro, and Yoko. Voice of Cards was envisioned as a trilogy of games sharing the style of a game using a card-based tabletop aesthetic for its gameplay and story. With the third game, more features were included such as the monster capturing, the story's tone was darker, and a female lead was introduced as opposed to the male leads of previous titles.
The story's theme was described as showing the other side of the conflict between humans and monsters, with the moral positions of the different sides being reversed at some points. Yoko, who had previously had minimal input in the series' scenarios, contributed to the writing due to unspecified development problems. Fujisaka's character designs and artwork drew inspiration from Yoko's Nier games, adopting a darker color pallette compared to earlier titles. The gamemaster, acting as the narrator for the story, was voiced by Carin Gilfry in English and Yui Ishikawa in Japanese. Yoko had grown tired of male voices, and Mimura decided on the change as part of the general tonal shift. Ishikawa, who had worked with Yoko as the voice of 2B in Nier: Automata, was interested in the Voice of Cards series before being offered the role. She found the role challenging, as she had to take the unfamiliar role of narrator, and keep going through small mistakes so it sounded natural.
The Beasts of Burden was announced on September 1, 2022, set for digital release on September 13 for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4 and Windows. As part of the Deluxe Digital Edition and also sold separately was themed downloadable content, including character redesigns and music from the mobile game Nier Reincarnation. Additional themed cards and items were available exclusively as a pre-order bonus. In commemoration of the third game's release, merchandise themed around the series was released through Square Enix's store.
Music
As with the other Voice of Card titles, the music was handled by Monaca, a group headed by long-time collaborator Keiichi Okabe. While previously a composer, Okabe shifted to the role of music director, with the music being handled by returning composers Oliver Good and Shotaro Seo. The soundtrack was describe as both a "culmination" of the series music, and a blend of the best-liked elements from the previous two games' soundtracks. Good and Seo collaborated on the score, carrying over the Latin American elements from The Forsaken Maiden while adding Northern European ethnic instruments. The music's tone was more "morose" for The Beasts of Burden, though lighter music was present for comedic scenes within the story. Each composer created seven tracks each. The female vocals were provided by Yukino Orita and Saki Nakae, while Seo contributed male vocals. A soundtrack album was released digitally alongside the game on September 13.
Reception
Reception | 63389402-d175-4fda-81ef-72a6ede4313d |
null | Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Nova Scotia, Canada
The COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia is an ongoing viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On March 15, 2020, three presumptive cases in Nova Scotia were announced. All three were travel-related.
The province is amongst four provinces in the Atlantic Bubble, along with New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland & Labrador which have reported a significantly smaller portion of cases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. However, the bubble was suspended in November 2020 due to rising case counts in all four provinces. It was reintroduced in the Spring 2021, but suspended again in the Fall of 2021.
As of March 25, 2022, Nova Scotia has reported 55,324 cases and has the seventh-most cases of COVID-19 in Canada.
Timeline
2020
On March 15, Nova Scotia's first three presumptive cases were detected, all travel-related. Respectively, these cases were a woman in her 60s from Kings County who visited Australia and returned March 8, a man in his late 50s from the Halifax area who attended a conference in California and returned March 13, and a man in his 30s from the Halifax area who travelled "throughout Europe" and returned March 10.
On March 16, two additional cases were reported. A man and a woman in their 50s from the Halifax area had not traveled, but had been in "close contact with individuals who had recently travelled outside the country."
On March 17, Chief Medical Officer of Health Robert Strang announced that the reporting of information about individual cases would cease in order to protect patient privacy, as well as to prevent a false sense of security in communities without detected cases.
On March 22, a provincial state of emergency was declared. It was also announced that the QEII Health Sciences Centre's Microbiology Lab in Halifax was certified to report positive and negative tests for COVID-19, thus cases could be confirmed within the province, without needing to send samples to the National Microbiology Lab for confirmation.
On March 23, it was reported that at least one of the new cases was a child under age 10.
On March 29, a Halifax woman was fined $697.50, and had her vehicle seized by police after she was found in a park despite Nova Scotia having closed parks and beaches to the public under its emergency measures act.
On March 30, Strang announced the first official case of community spread, per the government definition of a case that can not be connected to travel or a previously known case.
On March 31, it was reported that cases had been identified in four staff members and two residents of long-term care facilities for seniors.
On April 7, the province reported its first death, a Cape Breton woman in her 70s with underlying medical conditions.
On April 9, the province reported its second death, a Cape Breton woman in her 90s with underlying medical conditions.
On April 13, the province reported its third death, a male in his 80s in the Halifax area with underlying medical conditions.
On April 17, the province reported its fourth death, a Cape Breton woman in her 80s with underlying medical conditions.
On April 18, the province reported three more deaths, bringing the provincial total to seven. All three deaths occurred at long-term care facility, Northwood Halifax Campus in the Halifax Regional Municipality.
May 29 marked the first day since COVID-19 arrived in Nova Scotia that zero new cases were recorded.
2021
May 1, 2021, marked a record-breaking 148 new cases of COVID-19 in Nova Scotia, breaking the previous record of 96, with 30 people in hospital and 5 in the ICU.
May 4, 2021, marked another record-breaking 153 new cases with another two confirmed deaths related to COVID-19 in Nova Scotia.
On November 9, 2021, the province announced the temporary closure of Burton Ettinger Elementary School in Halifax until November 17 due to an outbreak of COVID-19.
November 17, 2021, pastor Robert Smith of the Gospel Light Baptist Church in Amherst was fined $2,422 for a religious gathering that happened between October 25 and 29 in violation of COVID-19 restrictions under the Health Protection Act. The gathering is believed to be responsible for an outbreak of COVID-19 in the Northern and Western health zones which lead to the transmission of the virus among residents of the East Cumberland Lodge, a long-term care home in Amherst. As a result, 31 residents and 10 staff tested positive for the virus and 2 died. A death in the Northern health zone is also linked to the religious gathering.
On December 3, 2021, St. Francis Xavier University held its annual X-Ring ceremony with thousands of people attending. This ceremony led to a COVID-19 outbreak within the school community, and elsewhere in Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia's premier Tim Houston announced on December 17, 2021, that the university and their Students' Union have both been issued summary offence tickets and fined $11,622.50 each; the maximum amount that can be handed out. Houston said the university failed to abide by the province's COVID-19 restrictions, specifically masking requirements. Since then, the province began experiencing a surge in COVID-19 cases, with their highest, single-day record on January 2, 2022, of 1,184 cases.
2022
Government response
On February 28, the Nova Scotia Human Rights Commission issued a press release in which Nova Scotians were "asked to be vigilant against discrimination based on ethnic or national origin" and cautioned that the "Nova Scotia Human Rights Act protects against discrimination based on an irrational fear of contracting an illness or disease."
On March 4, Nova Scotia school trips to international destinations were cancelled.
On March 6, the provincial government announced that preparations for the virus were "well underway," including the implementation of a patient screening process for healthcare workers, monitoring and investigation of potential cases, application of public health and infection control measures, and work with the Nova Scotia's Emergency Management Office.
On March 9, new national screening protocols were implemented in which those who had travelled outside Canada were requested to monitor for symptoms for 14 days, and those who began to feel unwell were requested to stay home and self-isolate from the public. Those who developed a fever of 38 °C or higher and/or cough were requested to contact the health information line at 811 for assessment. Hygiene directives in regards to proper handwashing and cough etiquette were also issued.
On March 13, all Nova Scotia public sector employees who travelled outside Canada were required to self-isolate for 14 days upon return. Additionally, Nova Scotia museums and art galleries were closed.
On March 14, the Shubenacadie Wildlife Park was closed. Additionally, Nova Scotia prisons were closed to volunteer organizations, and inmates were limited to non-contact visitation by family and friends, meaning separation by a pane of glass and communication via a phone line. Inmates were also granted two free phone calls per week. There was no change in protocol for visitation by lawyers.
On March 15, provincial visitor information centres for tourists were closed, and the call centre responsible for fielding inquiries from tourists was also shuttered. Additionally, long-term care facilities were closed to visitors, public schools were shut for two weeks from March 23 following March Break (subject to reassessment and extension), day cares were closed, March Break camps were cancelled, casinos were closed, bar owners were no longer allowed to operate video lottery terminals (VLTs), everyone who travelled outside Canada was asked to self-isolate regardless of the development of symptoms, social distancing of two metres was recommended, and gatherings were restricted to 150 "or much smaller if possible." Further, all visitation to prisons was suspended and lawyers were asked to arrange alternative means of maintaining contact with clients. Inmates were granted extra phone calls. Correctional Services also closed its facilities to all visitors until further notice.
On March 16, Nova Scotians were directed to first complete an online screening questionnaire before calling the 811 hotline due to an overwhelming influx of calls. Additionally, the government of Nova Scotia issued a warning about ongoing investment scams, with individuals impersonating banks over the phone.
On March 17, Access Nova Scotia and offices of the Registry of Motor Vehicles were closed. Driver licences and vehicle registrations expiring in March, April and May were extended to August 31. Additionally, bars were ordered closed, restaurants were limited to take-out and delivery only, and public gatherings were limited to 50 or fewer.
On March 18, a number of new measures were announced to combat the spread of the virus. Doctors and pharmacists were granted expanded options for virtual care using telephone and video conference, pharmacists were allowed to renew prescriptions for most medications, employers were no longer allowed to require a doctor's note from employees seeking to take time off work, nurses were called from retirement to staff the 811 hotline, and service providers funded through the Department of Community Services' Disability Support Program were shuttered. A number of other services such as barber shops, tattoo shops, nail salons, and gyms were also ordered closed effective midnight March 19. Additionally, 41 inmates serving intermittent sentences in four adult prisons were released on temporary absence.
On March 19, Premier Stephen McNeil announced the allocation of $2.2 million for an increase of $50 to every individual and family member on income assistance, $1 million to the Feed Nova Scotia food bank, a three-month suspension of evictions, emergency funding of $230,000 for Senior Safety Programs and Community Links, as well as an order for university students still living in residence to go home, and for those university students unable to return home to practice social distancing.
On March 20, the provincial government announced an allocation of $161 million for cash flow and credit access for small and medium Nova Scotia businesses. Payments on many government loans to businesses were deferred until June 30, and payments on Nova Scotia student loans were suspended until September 30. The government also allocated $15 million as an incentive for internet service providers to expand internet infrastructure.
On March 21, a number of health measures were announced, including the restriction of visitors to hospitals and the opening of new assessment centres, of which there 14 at the time.
On March 22, the province of Nova Scotia declared a state of emergency. In accordance with the emergency declaration, land sea, and air points of entry were tightened, with anyone entering the province stopped, questioned, and told to self-isolate for 14 days, starting March 23. All provincial parks, beaches, and tourist attractions were closed, although provincial trails were left open for exercise. Police were authorized to enforce orders under the Health Protection Act, as well as the Emergency Management Act. Gatherings over 5 people were prohibited. Non-essential businesses were only allowed to remain open as long as a two-metre distance can be maintained. Dentists were no longer allowed to practice in their offices except in emergency circumstances.
On March 24, a series of new public health measures were announced, including the testing of all close contacts of positive cases, doubled lab capacity for viral testing, increased capacity for the 811 hotline, enhancement of infectious disease control measures in hospitals, restriction of regulated health professions to virtual care except for emergency or urgent cases, all non-regulated health professions closed, and the reopening of Access Nova Scotia Centres and Registry of Motor Vehicle Offices on a limited, reduced contact basis. Economic sectors deemed essential services and therefore exempt from gathering limitations were defined.
On March 26, qualifying criteria for viral testing was expanded beyond travel-related cases to include anyone referred to an assessment centre by the 811 system, all close contacts of confirmed cases, and people in hospital who meet testing criteria. An alternative hotline for sick medical staff was also established in response to an overburdened 811 system. Additionally, camping reservations were put on hold and open fires were banned within 305 metres of woods throughout the province.
On March 29, a Halifax woman was fined $697.50, and had her vehicle seized by police after she was found in a park despite Nova Scotia having closed parks and beaches to the public under its emergency measures act.
On March 30, the provincial government released a more comprehensive plan for how schools will proceed through the coronavirus pandemic, as well as an online tool for businesses.
On March 31, the provincial government announced that a map will be released in the near future online showing where cases are located across the province organized by the four health zones.
On April 1, the province of Nova Scotia renewed the declaration of a state of emergency extending the previous until April 19.
On April 3, premier McNeil concluded his briefing with the warning to "stay the blazes home". This phrase quickly went viral and became the subject of folk songs and merchandise.
On April 6, it was announced that travel was no longer a prerequisite for testing, as community spread had reached levels that anyone could potentially have the virus regardless of travel history.
On May 1, the province of Nova Scotia announced that a number of public health restrictions were eased, including the reopening of public parks and trails, opening the sportfishing season, and other measures. The mental health toll of lockdown was cited as a motive for this easing of restrictions.
On May 15, the province of Nova Scotia announced a further easing of restrictions, with "archery, equestrianism, golf, paddling, sailing/boating and tennis" allowed to resume, as well as the reopening of public beaches. The government also announced on this date the "immediate household bubble" policy, which allowed families to bubble with another household exclusively.
In June 2020, the Premier of Prince Edward Island Dennis King suggested that travel between provinces in the Atlantic region might be allowed, as early as the beginning of July. King claimed there was an agreement to this end, in a discussion held on June 10 between the Premiers. When asked by the CBC, the other Premiers expressed caution on an Atlantic bubble."
On July 3, the province along with the other three Atlantic provinces (Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick) lifted travel restrictions among themselves to form Atlantic bubble, allowing residents within the four provinces to travel without self-isolating for 14 days.
On October 28, CBC News reported that there were 1,046 provincial court cases that have surpassed the Jordan threshold, a law that was enacted in 2016 by the Supreme Court of Canada limiting the time between court cases to 18 months, or 30 months for superior courts.
On October 29, the provincial state of emergency was extended until November 14, 2021.
On November 2, 2021, the provincial government announced an extension to the deadline for mandatory vaccinations of public workers for those who receive at least one dose by November 15. All public workers in the province are required to be fully vaccinated by November 30 or they will be placed on unpaid leave. Those who are partially vaccinated by November 15 will get an addition 8 weeks to obtain their second dose, said provincial spokesperson Heather Fairbairn. Currently there are 80,000 employees in the province who fall under this mandate.
November 12, 2021 the provincial government announced an extension to the ongoing state of emergency. The state of emergency will continue from noon on November 14 to noon on November 28.
November 18, 2021 the Nova Scotia Department of Justice and the Premier's Office announced a new category of offences under the Health Protection Act for those who organize or attend illegal gatherings under current COVID-19 restrictions. For individuals, fines start at $2,422 for a first offence and increase to $11,622 for each subsequent offence. For organizations, fines will begin at $11,622 and increase to $57,622 for each subsequent offence. All fines will include victim surcharges and court fees. Individuals may also be required to serve jail time. These regulations are effective immediately. According to the news release, 1,375 summary offences and fines totaling $1.7 million have been issued since the provincial state of emergency was first declared.
November 19, 2021 Nova Scotia's Minister of Health and Wellness Michelle Thompson issued a statement announcing the approval of the Pfizer vaccine for children 5 to 11 by Health Canada, as well as the National Advisory Committee on Immunization's recommendations for pediatric use of the vaccine. The statement says the provincial government is working on finalizing their delivery plan of the vaccine.
Schools and universities
In March, all Nova Scotian universities suspended in-person classes and restricted access to their campuses. Many transitioned to a distance learning model for the remainder of the academic term.
The tentative plan for the 2020-2021 for the K-12 school year, as of August 14, includes the following plans:
Economic impact
In February, Nova Scotia's billion dollar lobster industry was negatively impacted by coronavirus, with a large portion of exports previously going to China. Lobster exports became difficult as air cargo carriers began to suspend service. Lobster prices dropped with a glut in the local market due to restricted exports.
In March, a number of Nova Scotia distilleries shifted production from alcoholic beverages to alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
According to a survey published by Restaurants Canada on April 2, 2020, approximately 24,500 Nova Scotian restaurant workers have lost their jobs. Staff have been laid off at about four out of five Nova Scotia restaurants since the beginning of March, around one tenth of restaurants have permanently closed, and a further 18% expect to close within a month if nothing changes. Some restaurants have been able to pivot to a take-out or delivery only business model in order to maintain cash flow amid mandatory closures of dining areas.
Please Update
Data
Case data
Data by health zone
Data by community health network
Vaccinations
On September 29, 2021, the provincial government announced a vaccine mandate for more than 80,000 employees working in a number of public sectors. On November 5, 2021, the Department of Health and Wellness issued a news release with data regarding the rates of vaccination amongst these groups. On November 17, 2021, another update on vaccination rates was announced. On November 24, 2021, the provincial government again released data, with breakdown by sector as follows:
The province says those who do not intend to get vaccinated, or who have not yet reported their vaccination status, will be subjected to a mandatory vaccine education program.
On November 17, 2021, the province announced that eligible individuals could begin booking booster shots starting November 23. Those eligible are: anyone older than 70, anyone who received 2 doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine, and frontline healthcare workers whose first and second doses were given less than 28 days apart.
The Nova Scotia Department of Health and Wellness received a $430,000 grant from the Public Health Agency of Canada's Immunization Partnership Fund to promote COVID-19 vaccines to people of African descent in the province. | b868e681-49bd-476f-9d04-4e71a1dc4f54 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firstrade_Securities"} | American financial services company
Firstrade Securities is a stockbrokerage firm and broker-dealer headquartered in Flushing, New York that offers an electronic trading platform to trade financial assets including stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETF), options, mutual funds, and bonds.
In May 2022, Firstrade Securities launched its cryptocurrency platform through Firstrade Crypto LLC.
History
The company was founded in 1985 by John Liu, as First Flushing Securities.
In 1997, the company was renamed to Firstrade Securities Inc., and the company launched Firstrade.com.
In April 2010, Taifook Securities Company Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of TSG, signed an agreement with Firstrade Securities, a US online broker, for cross-border securities trading business. Firstrade Securities no longer works with Taifook Securities Company Limited.
Firstrade held its branch grand opening on August 15, 2014.
Firstrade has been recognized as a best online broker by Kiplinger's Personal Finance since 2018, cited as best for active traders, funds, customer service, ETFs, and other categories | 4f51f7ef-cf08-47f6-ac99-57c48ec65474 |
null | Scottish nobleman, peer, and politician
Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll (1532/1537 – 12 September 1573) was a Scottish nobleman, peer, and politician. He was one of the leading figures in the politics of Scotland during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the early part of that of James VI.
Rise to prominence
Succeeding his father Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll (c. 1507–1558) in the earldom in 1558, Argyll's inheritance made him one of the most powerful magnates in the kingdom. A devout Protestant, he along with his brother-in-law, Lord James Stewart, illegitimate son of James V of Scotland, became an adherent of John Knox about 1556. Like his father he was one of the most influential members of the party of religious reform, signing what was probably the first "godly band" in December 1557, and Argyll soon became one of the leaders of the Lords of the Congregation. Together, Argyll and Stewart negotiated with Sir William Cecil to secure English aid against the regent, Mary of Guise, and were largely responsible for the negotiation of the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560, which saw the triumph of the Congregation and the withdrawal of French and English troops from Scotland.[citation needed] . It was about this time that Cecil referred to Argyll as "a goodly gentleman universally honoured of all Scotland."
Influences of national events
Decline in influence
With the young queen's return to Scotland in 1561, Argyll and Stewart, now Earl of Moray, retained their leading roles in the kingdom, continuing to pursue an anglophilic policy, and Argyll was separated from the party of Knox. Their pre-eminence came to an end in 1565, with the queen's marriage to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, whose claims to the English throne did not endear him to Elizabeth I of England, leading Argyll and other Protestant leaders to rise in revolt. When the English failed to help their Scottish allies, Argyll, alone of the rebels, was able to remain in the Kingdom, due to his very strong position in the Highlands. The failure of the English to come to the aid of his party led to the beginning of Argyll's disillusionment with his previous Anglophilic policy.
Collaboration with Earl Moray
Over the next two years, however, the shifts in Argyll's policies remained subtle, and he remained close to his old friend Moray. Argyll was tied to the assassinations of both David Rizzio in 1566 and of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley in 1567, and was horrified by the Queen's marriage to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell. He joined with Moray and other Protestant leaders in fighting Mary and Bothwell in that year, leading to the capture of the queen at Carberry Hill, but broke with his former allies over the question of deposing the queen.
Offices held and military involvement
With Mary's escape from prison in 1568, Argyll became the leader of the Queen's Party, and led Mary's army in the defeat at Langside in which he showed little military skill. He continued to champion the queen's cause following her flight to England, but eventually reconciled with the regent Lennox in 1571, and lent his support to the King's party, as a means of restoring peace and lessening English meddling in Scottish affairs. He was appointed to the Privy Council that year, and became Lord Chancellor of Scotland in 1572.
Role in Ulster politics
Argyll, in his role as Campbell clan chief, was also heavily involved in the politics of Ulster during the 1560s. Although he initially hoped for an alliance with the English to secure his claims on land possessed by the O'Donnell and Sorley Boy MacDonnell families against the encroachment of the O'Neill, English unwillingness to work with him led him to orchestrate a marriage alliance among the three feuding clans of Ulster, which would ultimately have major effects on Irish history with the eruption of the Hugh O'Neill rebellion in the 1590s.
Marriages and death
Argyll died in 1573, without male issue, and was buried at Kilmun Parish Church. He was succeeded by his half-brother Colin.
He first married Lady Jean Stewart (died 1588), daughter of James V of Scotland and Elizabeth Bethune; he was thus half-brother-in-law to Mary and to Moray. After divorcing Jean Stewart, Argyll married Jean Cunningham, daughter of the Earl of Glencairn in August 1573. Janet Cunningham gave birth to the Earl's stillborn posthumous son in June 1574. She married Humphrey Colquhoun of Luss and died in 1585. | 7fb1759b-0901-4a48-8bfc-2bfbc4c2667a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Singing_Forest"} | 2003 American film
The Singing Forest is a 2003 American romantic fantasy film written, produced, and directed by Jorge Ameer and starring Jon Sherrin, Erin Leigh Price, and Craig Pinkston. The film received negative reviews.
Plot
Christopher is a widower after his wife of 22 years, Savannah, dies. He begins drinking and becomes obsessed with the theory of past lives. Before long, he is convinced he is actually the reincarnation of a German resistance fighter (Jo) who was hanged by the Nazis for hiding Jews during The Holocaust. His situation becomes even more complex as his daughter Destiny's wedding approaches, and Christopher's sense of déjà vu around her fiancé, Ben, is enough to convince him that he and Ben were gay lovers during a past life. As Christopher becomes increasingly disturbed and goes about seducing his daughter's future husband, he begins to reveal the strange, violent path his life had taken well before his wife died. Ben gives in to Christopher's seduction and eventually visits Christopher's psychic to confirm he really was Jo's lover Alexander in a past life. Destiny discovers their affair and eventually gives them her blessing. In the end, she gives her father away at the church wedding that was originally supposed to be hers. The psychic reveals that Destiny had never really existed. Instead, she had been the spirit of a miscarriage Savannah had after she was raped. The spirit had always been destined to bring Christopher (Jo) and Ben (Alexander) back together in their present lives.
Production
The film was written and conceived in Torino, Milan, Firenze and Rome (all in Italy). The Torino Film Festival advised and assisted the producers in the making of the film.
Many of the minor film roles were performed by members of the production crew. For example, Louis Perez (the pastor) accounted for grip / electric. Sal Roman (Stephen), too, is credited as grip. Dustin Lance Black is credited as L. Black for his editing and as Lance Black for his acting role (Bill). He is mentioned for the third time within the special thanks section of the credits. Renea Plant (television host) was art director and Gregory Saites (Nazi guard #4) was stunt coordinator to the film.
Keith Holland was first assistant cinematographer and Sam Tyler Wayman is credited as first assistant director. Smitty Smith was boom operator / swing for the film. Andy Sowerwine was sound mixer. Still photography was done by Alistaire. Make up was done by Julia Santana and Christine Edwards. Wedding wardrobe was provided by Maria Roybal and B'B's Tuxido, the filming equipment was available by Ultravision Hollywood. Jon Jacobs was casting consultant.
The music partly consists of classical pieces performed by Jose Herring:
The soundtrack also includes several modern songs:
The original Holocaust photographs shown in the film were taken from the 1960 German educational documentary film The Yellow Star: The Persecution of the Jews in Europe 1933-45 (orig. Der gelbe Stern – Die Judenverfolgung 1933–1945) by Gerhard Schoenberner.
Cast
Reception
The Singing Forest has a rare 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 9 reviews. It also has a rare 1/100 rating on Metacritic, based on 7 reviews and is on their list of worst reviewed films. Reviewing the film in The New York Times, Stephen Holden wrote, "The Singing Forest was written and directed by Jorge Ameer, whose film Strippers opened three years ago and remained the single worst movie I had ever reviewed — until now." | 3a1a5723-6060-4b8e-b857-6c1faf50920b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rani_Bhabani"} | Queen
Rani Bhabani (Bengali: রাণী ভবাণী) (1716–1803), also known as Ardhabangeshwari(অর্ধবঙ্গেশ্বরী) and Natorer Rani or the Queen of Natore, was a Hindu zamindar during the British colonial era in what is now Rajshahi, Bangladesh. She became the zamindar after the death of her husband Raja Ramkanta Moitra (Ray), 'Zamindar' of Natore estate. The Rajshahi Raj or Natore estate was a large zamindari which occupied a vast position of Bengal. The Natore estate had an area of nearly 34,000 square kilometres (13,000 sq mi) and included not only much of North Bengal but also large parts of the areas later comprising the administrative districts of Murshidabad, Nadia, Jessore, Birbhum and Burdwan. After the death of her husband, Rani Bhabani of Natore Rajbari, expanded both the estate and the palace.
Biography
Born in 1716 in a Brahmin family of Chhatimgram village, Bogra District, her father's name was Atmaram Choudhury, a landlord of Chatin village in Bogra district, now in Bangladesh. Bhabani was married off to Raja Ramkanta Moitra (Ray), the then zamindar of Rajshahi. After his death in 1748, Bhabani became the de jure zamindar, and started being referred to as Rani, or queen. A woman as a zamindar was extremely rare in those days, but Rani Bhabani managed the vast Rajshahi zamindari so efficiently and effectively for over four decades, that the annual income from land exceeded 15 million rupees of which 7 million rupees was paid to the state and the rest was utilised for building public utilities and supporting the needy.
After becoming the zamindar, she recognised the need for a strong army to protect her state from the Nawab of Bengal Siraj ud-Daulah, who had a reputation of debauchery, and began to reform and reorganise her army. Her fears came true, and soon the Nawab sent a messenger demanding her daughter Tara to satisfy his lust. When Rani Bhabani refused, the angry Nawab sent an army to abduct Tara, depose the Rani and loot the treasury. The Rani, herself leading her army, routed the nawab's army and drove it out of her territories. The people of Natore also joined the Rani's army in the fight against the Nawab.
Rani Bhabani's house in Natore remains a major tourist attraction in Bangladesh to date.
Rani Bhabani died in 1803, at the age of 79, 46 years after the Battle of Plassey.
Contributions and works
Rani Bhabani became a household name among the common people due to her philanthropy and general generosity, combined with an austere personal life. The number of temples, guesthouses and roads she constructed across Bengal is believed to be in the hundreds. She also built numerous water tanks, alleviating the acute water problem of her subjects. She built a road from Howrah to Varanasi, which is still in use today. She was also interested in the spread of education and donated generously to many educational institutes.
She tried to bring social reform by introducing widow remarriage in society but was unsuccessful. During the Great Bengal famine of 1770, she helped the poor by hiring eight vaidyas to help the people at her own expense.
In Baranagar, from 1753 to 1760, she commissioned the building of 108 terracotta Shiva temples, with the aim of turning the place into a second Varanasi. Many of the temples are lost due to the changing course of the river. Among the surviving temples are the Char Bangla Temples.
She also made great contributions in Tarapith and Benaras. Tarapith, a Hindu Temple town situated in the Indian province of West Bengal is famous for (goddess Tara) & Hindu saint Bamakhepa. The Durga Kund Mandir in Varanasi was constructed by Rani Bhabani.
During the era of Rani Bhabani, she made some great contributions for the development and renovation of Bhabanipur temple. Bhabanipur is a shakti-peeth which is located at Sherpur Upazila of Bogra District.
In popular culture
'Rani Bhabani', a 1952 film directed by B.Ratan Chatterjee. | 3d73730d-e9c5-4f6d-a3dd-f72c7411e952 |
null | Gary L. Olson is professor emeritus of political science at Moravian College in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. He is the author of: Empathy Imperiled: Capitalism, Culture, and the Brain; How the World Works; U.S. Foreign Policy and the Third World Peasant; and The Other Europe. He has written over 75 published articles and op-eds, many for ZNet. His research areas include international political economy, identity politics and global labor issues. During the 1980s, he sponsored several trips to the Soviet Union with his students from Moravian College.
He was also very active during the late 1990s with the Labor Party, nationally and in the Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania.
Gary Olson is the father of award-winning spoken word/folk poet Alix Olson.
Education
Awards and fellowships
Fulbright and Malone Fellowships: Finland, Egypt, Syria, [Palestine] Kuwait, Jordan, Israel, and Mexico
Lindback Award for Distinguished Teaching (1979) NIH Fellow (UNC - Chapel Hill) NEH Summer Fellowships (1979, 1982, 1989, 1991, 1995) | 781671d2-fc8c-4ace-a1d7-ec76d757b467 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbbVie"} | US pharmaceutical company
AbbVie Inc. is an American publicly traded pharmaceutical company founded in 2013. It originated as a spin-off of Abbott Laboratories and is one of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies, frequently ranking in the global top three by revenue.
History
On October 19, 2011, Abbott Laboratories announced its plan to separate into two publicly traded companies. The new Abbott Laboratories would specialize in diversified products including medical devices, diagnostic equipment and nutrition products, while AbbVie would operate as a research-based pharmaceutical manufacturer. A corporate press release stated that the name AbbVie derived from a combination of "Abbott" with "vie," intended as a reference to a Latin root meaning "life." The separation was effective January 1, 2013, and AbbVie was officially listed on the New York Stock Exchange (ABBV) on January 2, 2013.
According to Miles White, CEO at the time, the purpose of the split was to allow markets to value the two businesses separately. Some investors were concerned that the split was done to protect the value of the device business from the loss of value facing the drug division due to the imminent expiration of patents on Humira, which accounted for about half of the drug division's revenue.
As of December 2015, the company employed in excess of 28,000 globally, and provided products to individuals in more than 170 countries.
As of October 2022, the company now employs over 50,000 globally and provides products in over 175 countries.
In March 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic developed into an international crisis, the Israeli government announced that it would force AbbVie to license its patents for Kaletra, the brand name of lopinavir/ritonavir, a fixed dose combination medication for the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS which was also thought to have some applicability to fighting COVID-19. In response, AbbVie announced that it would cease enforcing its patents on the drug entirely.
In June 2021, the US Senate Finance Committee, under Chair Ron Wyden (D-OR), began an investigation to determine if the company used the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 to buy back its own stock using income saved by the tax law. In a letter to AbbVie CEO Richard Gonzalez, Wyden noted the company suffered a 2020 pretax loss in the US of $4.5 billion and an overseas pretax profit of $7.9 billion the same year. Wyden accused the company of shifting revenue to avoid US taxes.
Acquisitions
In January 2014, the company acquired ImmuVen for an undisclosed sum.[citation needed] On September 3, 2014, AbbVie and Infinity Pharmaceuticals announced that they had entered into a global collaboration to develop and commercialize duvelisib, Infinity's PI3K inhibitor for the treatment of patients with cancer. On the same day, AbbVie and Calico announced that they had entered into a R&D collaboration intended to discover, develop and bring to market new therapies for patients with diseases of aging including neurodegeneration and cancer. California Life Company, operating as Calico, is an Alphabet Inc. subsidiary focused on aging and age-related diseases, and led by former Genentech chairman and CEO of Arthur D. Levinson and former Genentech EVP and chief medical officer Hal V. Barron (who subsequently left the company).
In October 2014, after a long negotiation, AbbVie stopped its efforts to acquire Shire, which would have been one of the largest M&A deals of that year and one of the largest tax inversions in history, due to changes in the US tax code by the US Treasury; AbbVie had to pay a $1.6 billion breakup fee.
On March 4, 2015, AbbVie announced its agreement to acquire the oncology firm Pharmacyclics and its treatment for blood cancers, ibrutinib; AstraZeneca had also been bidding to acquire Pharmacyclics. Under the terms of the transaction, AbbVie agreed to pay $261.25 per share as a mix of cash and AbbVie equity. The acquisition valued at approximately $21 billion was completed on May 26, 2015. The Pharmacyclics name was retained, and it operates as a subsidiary of AbbVie from its previous Sunnyvale, California, headquarters. On June 3, 2015, AbbVie and Halozyme Therapeutics announced that they had entered into a global collaboration and licensing agreement to develop and commercialize products that combine AbbVie's treatments and Halozyme's ENHANZE drug-delivery technology, this was terminated in November 2016.
On 28 April 2016, the company announced it would acquire Stemcentrx for up to $9.8 billion. A day later, the company announced an expansion of a two and a half-year-old cystic fibrosis deal with Galapagos, potentially doubling milestone payments to $600 million.
On 25 June 2019, AbbVie announced it would acquire Irish-based Allergan plc for about $63 billion; however the transaction would not be structured as a tax inversion, and that post the transaction, AbbVie (and the group) would remain legally domiciled in the U.S. for tax purposes; AbbVie acquisition of Allergan plc violated antitrust ruled by the Federal Trade Commission on September 4, 2020, leading to the group divesting certain assets to enable the merger to proceed. In July, the company announced it would acquire Mavupharma, boosting its cancer drug pipeline.
In May 2021, Allergan Aesthetics announced it would acquire Soliton. In June, Abbvie announced it would acquire TeneoOne and its lead compound TNB-383B. The compound is a BCMA-targeting immunotherapeutic for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
In March 2022, Abbvie announced it would acquire Belgian-based Syndesi Therapeutics for up to $1 billion and its portfolio of novel modulators of the synaptic vesicle protein 2A and lead compound SDI-118. In October, AbbVie announced they would acquire U.K.-based biotechnology business DJS Antibodies for $225 milion, in a deal that gives it access to an experimental drug for an aggressive lung disease as well as technology to develop certain kinds of antibody medicines.
Acquisition history
The following is an illustration of the company's major mergers and acquisitions and historical predecessors (this is not a comprehensive list):
Collaboration
On February 10, 2016, AbbVie and Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Synlogic announced a multi-year R&D collaboration. Synlogic is a synthetic biology company built on research from the labs of James Collins and Tim Lu at MIT. As part of the collaboration, AbbVie is getting worldwide rights to Synlogic's probiotic-based technology for treating inflammatory bowel disease, and the research teams will focus on Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In April 2016, the company partnered with the University of Chicago to investigate a number of areas of oncology: breast, lung, prostate, colorectal and hematological cancers. In the same month the company announced it would co-commercialize Argenx's preclinical immunotherapy, ARGX-115. ARGX-115 is a first-in-class immunotherapy targeting GARP (glycoprotein A repetitions predominant), a membrane protein believed to enhance the immunosuppressive effects of T cells. The company also announced a deal to co-develop/commercialize at least one of CytomX Probody's conjugates against CD71 (transferrin receptor 1).
In March 2020, AbbVie announced plans to evaluate the Kaletra/Aluvia HIV medicine as possible COVID-19 treatment. The company entered into various partnerships with health authorities in different countries to investigate the efficacy of the medication. However, the first non-blinded, randomized trial found the drug not useful to treat severe COVID-19.
Products
According to the Wall Street Journal as of January 2016 ibrutinib, a specialty drug, cost US$116,600 to $155,400 a year wholesale in the United States. In spite of discounts and medical insurance, the prohibitive price causes some patients to not fill their prescriptions. AbbVie estimates global sales of the drug at $1 billion in 2016 and $5 billion in 2020.
In 2018, it started litigation against NHS England in the Technology and Construction Court claiming that they breached procurement rules and had not treated the company fairly during what was described as "the single largest medicines procurement ever done by the NHS" when seeking suppliers for hepatitis C treatments. In 2019, a UK court dismissed AbbVie's case against the NHS.
As of 2019, the company remained committed to product development in the cystic fibrosis disease area, despite major success by their main competitor in the area, Vertex.
Controversies
Drug price hikes
Humira is a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's, and other autoimmune diseases. First released in 2003, AbbVie has since raised the drug's price by more than 470 percent, culminating in an annual supply now costing about $77,000. It has increased the price of Imbruvica, a drug used to treat mantle cell lymphoma and other cancers, by 82 percent since it launched in 2013. In 2022, it’s priced at $181,529. For patients taking four pills each day, it costs $242,039.
Anti-competitive practices
AbbVie has been accused of using anti-competitive patent thickets to prevent potentially cheaper biosimilars from entering the market. It is currently caught up in a legislative battle against Icelandic Alvotech, which is trying to bring a Humira biosimilar to market. Forest Laboratories, a subsidiary of AbbVie, has been accused of using unlawful deals to prevent generic versions of its Alzheimer’s disease drug, Namenda, from entering the market.
In 2018, AbbVie agreed to pay $25 million to resolve allegations that it made use of kickback schemes to promote its cholesterol drug Tricor. In 2020, AbbVie agreed to pay $24M to resolve allegations that it made use of kickback schemes to promote its rheumatoid arthritis drug Humira using "nurse ambassadors".
Marketing of Opioid painkillers
In July 2022 the company agreed to pay up to $2.37 billion to settle U.S. lawsuits against its Allergan unit over the marketing of opioid painkillers. As part of the settlement, AbbVie, denied any wrongdoing. The company's stock fell 6 percent following an earnings report that included a $2.2 billion charge related to the opioid deal.
Carbon footprint
AbbVie reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending 31 December 2020 at 508 Kt (-57 /-10.1% y-o-y). and plans to reduce emissions 25% by 2025 from a 2015 base year. | 8918e9fd-fe9b-41bc-8be9-2ae0900c40e7 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through_a_Crooked_Sun"} | 2011 studio album by Rich Robinson
Through a Crooked Sun is the second solo album from Black Crowes guitarist Rich Robinson. This album contains twelve studio tracks and features guest appearances by Warren Haynes, John Medeski, Karl Berger and Larry Campbell. The UK edition was released on March 26, 2012. The title of the album was taken from Look Through My Window, a song from the EP Llama Blues.
Track listing
Bonus EP
At independent record stores and at live performances, Robinson made available a four-song EP entitled Llama Blues. Intended as a companion to the full-length album, Llama Blues featured blues-based tracks similar in sound to the full LP's final track, "Fire Around." The EP was also available in MP3 format from some digital retailers, and the UK/European edition of Through A Crooked Sun included the songs as bonus tracks at the end of the album.
Tracklist
Credits
"Gone Away": Rich Robinson: guitars, vocals, bass Joe Magistro: drums, percussion Steve Molitz: keyboards
"It's Not Easy": Rich Robinson: guitars, vocals, bass Joe Magistro: drums, percussion Steve Molitz: keyboards
"Lost and Found": Rich Robinson: guitars, vocals, bass Joe Magistro: drums, percussion Steve Molitz: keyboards
"I Don't Hear the Sound of You": Rich Robinson: guitars, vocals, bass, organ Joe Magistro: drums, percussion Steve Molitz: keyboards Karl Berger: metallophone John Lindberg: upright bass
"Hey Fear": Rich Robinson: guitars, vocals, bass Joe Magistro: drums, percussion Steve Molitz: keyboards
"All Along the Way": Rich Robinson: guitars, vocals Joe Magistro: drums, percussion
"Follow You Forever": Rich Robinson: guitars, vocals, bass, organ Joe Magistro: drums, percussion Karl Berger: piano
"Standing On the Surface of the Sun": Rich Robinson: guitars, vocals, bass Joe Magistro: drums, percussion Steve Molitz: keyboards
"Bye Bye Baby": Rich Robinson: guitars, vocals, bass Joe Magistro: drums, percussion Steve Molitz: keyboards Warren Haynes: slide guitar, acoustic guitar Larry Campbell: pedal steel John Lindberg: upright bass
"Falling Again": Rich Robinson: guitars, vocals, bass Joe Magistro: drums, percussion Steve Molitz: keyboards Larry Campbell: pedal steel
"Station Man": Rich Robinson: guitars, vocals, bass Joe Magistro: drums, percussion Steve Molitz: keyboards John Medeski: keyboards Dana Thompson: vocals
"Fire Around": Rich Robinson: guitars, vocals, bass Joe Magistro: drums, percussion Steve Molitz: keyboards
Produced by: Rich Robinson Engineered by: Chris Bittner Mixed by: Chris Bittner and Mike Birnbaum Mastered at Sterling Sound by: Chris Athens Recorded and mixed at Applehead Studios
All songs written by: Rich Robinson, except "Station Man" written by: Danny Kirwan / Jeremy Spencer / John McVie.
Song notes
"Standing On the Surface of the Sun" featured a portion of an abandoned song found on a Black Crowes rehearsal tape for what would become the sessions for their 2001 album, Lions. "Station Man" was originally released by Fleetwood Mac on their album Kiln House (1970). It was the first of their post-Peter Green albums. | a7ee99a2-edcd-4893-84b5-99d2cb76d287 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehall_(Greenville,_South_Carolina)"} | Historic house in South Carolina, United States
United States historic place
Whitehall is a historic home located at Greenville, South Carolina. It was built in 1813 as a summer residence by Charlestonian Henry Middleton on land purchased from Elias Earle. Whitehall served as Middleton's summer home until 1820. It is a simple white frame structure with shuttered windows and wide first and second story galleries, or piazzas, in the Barbadian style.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. | 69feeff5-bf1a-40e3-b9df-f092e7d60da5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clouds_of_Smoke_(1959_film)"} | 1959 Argentine film
Clouds of Smoke (Nubes de humo) is a 1959 Argentine musical (tango) comedy film directed and written by Enrique Carreras. It stars tango singer Alberto Castillo, Mercedes Carreras, María Luisa Santés and Francisco Álvarez and was released on 14 May 1959. The film, Castillo's last, is dedicated to the memory of film director Manuel Romero.
Plot
An amateur tango student who gave up singing when he finished his degree, relapses.
Cast
Music
The music for the film was composed by Vlady. Alberto Castillo sings songs such as "Así se baila el tango". Archivo de la Filmoteca notes that the film fused together influences of Tango and rumba with rock and roll and that Carreras's films "combine new rhythms and incorporate young generations".
Reception
Tulio Carella said in Crítica: "A long story is told in Nubes de humo. The film is minor and poorly plotted. It does, however, offer a few moments of excitement and some not-too-old-fashioned jokes." Jorge Miguel Couselo opined in Correo de la Tarde that it was "another tawdry film". Raúl Manrupe and María Alejandra Portela in their book Un diccionario de films argentinos (1930–1995) wrote (translated from Spanish): "Crepuscular title of a kind of cinema which tends towards more pop (there's a scene with rock and roll music) and which repeats scenes in a framework of falsehood." | 12c7b1a9-ef73-4f02-8f77-4c6a3c5a5821 |
null | George Speri Sperti (January 17, 1900, Covington, Kentucky – April 29, 1991, Cincinnati, Ohio) was an Italian-American inventor who invented Preparation H hemorrhoid medication. He also invented the Sperti Ultraviolet Lamp, Aspercreme for pain relief, and KVa Power Meter.
Sperti graduated from the University of Cincinnati in 1923. Shortly afterwards he was named Director of the Research Laboratory. His invention of an ultraviolet lamp to irradiate milk to add Vitamin D without changing the flavor was sold to General Foods for US$300,000. Sperti donated the entire amount to the University to continue basic research, and went on to develop a successful business line of ultraviolet sunlamps.
He also invented the first practical technique for freeze-drying orange juice concentrate. He donated most of the money he received from 127 patents to the University of Cincinnati and the Institutum Divi-Thomae, which he co-founded in 1935 in collaboration with the Archdiocese of Cincinnati, with the purpose of researching cancer. A cell derivative believed to stimulate healthy cell growth was discovered at the school by Stanley L. Baker, PhD and was originally tested on burn victims. The accidental application of it resulted in a huge market as Preparation H. The primary active ingredient in his invention was a compound containing a live yeast cell derivative (LYCD), which Sperti named Bio-Dyne. The FDA later discovered clinical testing irregularities in the use of LYCD, and it was removed from the formulation sold in the US. There are stories that the original Preparation H was used to treat burns. The Canadian and European versions of Preparation H still contain the ingredient.
In 1936 Pope Pius XI made him a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He received the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity in 1956.
His sister, Mildred, was his assistant until she died in 1987. Neither sibling ever married and they lived together.
Sperti later renamed the Institutum as the St. Thomas Institute for Advanced Studies. It closed in 1988 when he became ill and the institute had financial difficulties. | b1f56283-eaad-47b5-ad38-36c424731abb |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%82aniec"} | Town in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland
Połaniec [pɔˈwaɲet͡s] (
listen) is a town in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland, with
8,406 inhabitants (2012). The town is in Lesser Poland, and its history dates back to the early days of Polish statehood. It lies in the western part of the Sandomierz Basin, a few kilometres north of the Vistula, along the National Road Nr. 79, from Bytom to Warsaw. The town has a railway station serving a secondary line, nr. 75 from Rytwiany to Połaniec.
The Połaniec Power Station, is one of the largest (1800 MW) coal-fired power plants in Poland and, since 2012, one of the largest biomass plants in the world. It is located outside the town, in the nearby village of Zawada.
History
The history of Połaniec dates back to the 11th century, when a gord was built near the spot where the Czarna flows into the Vistula. A settlement emerged in the 11th–12th centuries, with St. Catherine church in the vicinity of the gord. In 1241 Połaniec was completely destroyed in the Mongol invasion of Poland, and near the local village of Tursko a battle took place with the invaders. Połaniec recovered, gaining town rights before 1264, and by 1340, it had some 400 residents. Ten years later, in 1350, King Kazimierz Wielki ordered the town to move from its location on the Winna Góra hill to its present location. In the late Middle Ages, Połaniec was an important trade centre, located along the merchant route from Kraków to Sandomierz, and near the very important waterway, the Vistula. Until 1795 the town belonged to Lesser Poland's Sandomierz Voivodeship.
At the beginning of the 16th century, Połaniec was burned to the ground by the Crimean Tatars, so that King Zygmunt Stary lowered the residents' taxes. In 1526 the town was once again in a conflagration. In the mid-16th century, a town hall, funded by hetman Jan Tarnowski was erected in Połaniec. At the beginning of the 17th century, a hospital was built. In 1772 (see Partitions of Poland), Połaniec suddenly became a border town, when the Austrian province of Galicia was created. Establishing a border along the Vistula slowed economic development in Połaniec. In 1794 the town was one of centres of the Kościuszko Uprising: it was the scene of the Proclamation of Połaniec on 7 May 1794. In 1795 the town was annexed by the Austrian Empire, and in 1815 it became part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. On 1 June 1869, as a punishment for the January Uprising, it lost its town privileges. At that time, its population was around 2,000. While in the Kielce Voivodeship during the Second Polish Republic Połaniec suffered badly in the 1934 floods. Połaniec had a large Jewish population, who were murdered in the Holocaust by Germans.
In the 1970s, the Tadeusz Kościuszko Power Plant was built, and in 1980, Połaniec regained its town rights.
Demography
According to the 2011 Poland census, there were 8,227 people residing in Połaniec, of whom 49.6% were male and 50.4% were female. In the town, the population was distributed such that 18.6% under the age of 18, 40.9% from 18 to 44, 31.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 or older.
Figure 1. Population pyramid of town in 2010 – by age group and sex
International relations
Twin towns – sister cities
Połaniec is twinned with: | 36bb0f65-1db4-40b0-8b85-efba82d063e3 |
null | English cricketer
Edward Tolfree (12 July 1881 – 20 March 1966) was an English first-class cricketer.
Tolfree made his first-class debut for Hampshire against the touring West Indians at the County Ground, Southampton. This was the only first-class match Tolfree played for Hampshire in the 1906 season. The following year Tolfeee represented Hampshire in a single first-class match, this time against Warwickshire.
Tolfree made two further appearances for the club in the 1909 season against Surrey and Leicestershire. These were the last fixtures Tolfree played for the club before the First World War.
Following the end of the war, Tolfree played his final first-class match for Hampshire in the 1919 County Championship against Middlesex. Tolfree's five first-class matches for Hampshire were spread over a thirteen-year period, in them he scored 53 runs at a batting average of 8.83 and made a high score of 22*. With the ball Tolfree took 2 wickets at an expensive average of 92.50.
Tolfree died at West End, Hampshire on 20 March 1966. | cf01b017-aa31-4acc-acb4-823c6995ab4f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KION_Group"} | Kion Group AG (styled as KION Group) is a German multinational manufacturer of materials handling equipment, with its headquarters in Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany. Its principal products are intralogistics, warehouse automation equipment, and industrial (forklift) trucks. KION Group was founded in 2006 by the demerger of The Linde Group's materials handling equipment operations. It is the world's second-largest manufacturer of forklifts measured by revenues (after Toyota Industries).
Name
"Kion" is an invented name derived from the Swahili word "Kiongozi", which means "leader".
History
On 6 September 2006 Linde AG announced a new structure following the completion of its acquisition of The BOC Group, with the gas and engineering businesses of the combined entity operating as The Linde Group and the materials handling businesses (Linde Material Handling, STILL, and OM Carrelli Elevatori S.p.A.) operating as KION Group. Linde AG sold KION Group to a partnership of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners for approximately €4 billion.
In January 2009 KION Group formed a China-based forklift manufacturing joint venture, Kion Baoli (Jiangsu) Forklift, with Jiangsu Shangqi Group and Jingjiang Baoli Forklift. In May 2010 KION Group acquired full management control of Kion Baoli.
In March 2011, KION Group and the Indian engineering company Voltas agreed to form a new joint venture, Voltas Materials Handling, comprising the two companies' material handling equipment operations in India. KION Group acquired Voltas' 34% shareholding in the venture in November 2012.
In August 2012, the China-based Shandong Heavy Industry's Weichai Power subsidiary agreed to acquire a 25% stake in KION Group for €467 million, and a 70% majority stake in Kion's hydraulics business for €271 million.
In February 2013 KION Group agreed to sell the product rights to the Linde brand's reach stacker, empty container handler and laden container handler product lines to the Finnish crane manufacturer Konecranes for an undisclosed sum.
In June 2016 KION Group acquired Dematic to make them the global leader in advanced material handling solutions.[buzzword]
In July 2019, an announcement by KION Group and BMZ Holdings mentioned they will host a 50/50 joint venture that will manufacture lithium-ion batteries (64V, 48V) for the KION Group's trucks at the BMZ HQ manufacturing facility.
Brands
KION Group sells its products under the following brand names: | 17653683-a70c-4a0a-ac6c-2ed4ccdaf0e2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thursby"} | Human settlement in England
Thursby is a village in the Allerdale borough of Cumbria, England. It is near to the city of Carlisle in North West England. Thursby was historically part of Cumberland.
History
Thursby lies on an old Roman road, 6 miles south of Carlisle. Thursby takes its old name 'Thor's by' from Thor, the Thunder God of the Saxons, whose temple was reputedly nearby at Kirksteads. The village is predominantly centred on the church, a Victorian building built in 1846 and funded by the Brisco family of Crofton Hall. A bit of heritage comes to Thursby with the church reportedly have been built by King David I of Scotland. Thursby has always been known as a commuter village for travellers to pass through. The Romans once passed through Thursby on their way to Carlisle. However today the village is predominately a bedroom community for the city nearby – the village is closely linked. Thursby continues to thrive and grow with active community groups and regular events occurring at the parish halls as well as sports and sporting facilities (plat area at the Jubilee Field next to Thursby Primary School). The Ship Inn provides an open fire and great pub food.
Sir Thomas Bouch ( 1822 –1880) was a British railway engineer, born and educated in Thursby. His father was a retired sea captain who kept the Ship Inn in Thursby. Designer of the first Tay Bridge. Plaque on wall at the inn.
Governance
Thursby lies within the Workington constituency. Prior to Brexit in 2020, the village was part of the North West England constituency in the European Parliament.
Education
Thursby has one primary school, "Thursby Primary School" located on School Road, post code – Cumbria CA5 6PN. The school acts a very traditional primary school on the basis that it accepts children of ages 4–11 and any ability. Governors of Thursby Primary School have described it as a "happy, vibrant village school, which is situated 6 miles west of Carlisle".
Landmarks
While Thursby still largely remains a commuters' village there are still many attractions. There are many interesting buildings in or around the village centre (a useful map can be found at the noticeboard near the green). Traditional clay – walled buildings are a feature of Thursby, named examples include Greenwood Cottage on the green and Rosedene Cottage opposite the church on Matty Lonning. Examples of the larger Georgian farms still exist at Holly Lodge and West House in the village centre. The more dated 17th century farmhouse at Evening Hill has elements of clay structures with outward buildings and a cart entrance found when entering south out of the village towards Curthwaite. A little further on is the Tudor – styled Evening Hill House built in 1833, with twisted candlestick chimneystacks.
Church
St Andrews Church at the west end of Church Lane, built in 1846 is Thursby's main church and is responsible for many organised activities from the parish council. Funded by the Brisco family, on the site of the previous church, it has been said to have been built by David I, King of Scotland. The present church has a number of monuments dating back to its time from bells located in the tower, marble monuments to ancient font encrypted in the walls.
Transport
There are two major roads that run through Thursby, one being the A595 and the other being the A596. These two roads link Thursby to Carlisle. Curthwaite railway station was situated nearby, closing in 1950.
Since being located in a very rural area the bus service is the only form of transport in Thursby there is limited bus services, the most prominent bus service would be the 38 run by Stagecoach. The 38 bus completes a run from Eden Street, Silloth to Carlisle Bus Station. The nearest railway stations to Thursby are Dalston (2.49 miles) and Wigton (4.59 miles).
Demographics
Thursby has a population of 1,185, increasing to 1,216 measured at the 2011 census.
Over the last 150 years, Thursby's population has clearly aged. However, mortality decline in the late 19th century was mainly due to the reduction of very high infant mortality rates. During the 20th century, declining fertility and improved life expectancy in later life significantly changed age structures. The presence or absence of large numbers of infants dying before their first birthday had little effect on overall age structures.
Social statistics
This shows the social status, based on 1831 occupations. We can see that as expected, there are a large proportion of servant and manual labourers (as shown in green). At 1831, the employers would have largely been on agricultural land. However, for a rural village in the 19th century, Thursby does have a large number of middle and upper social classes compared to others. The 1831 census provides information, down to parish level but only shows occupations of males over 20.
Weather | 49b6aaeb-004a-475d-b0cd-0869beef8ab5 |
null | Babacar may refer to the following people
Given name
Surname | a6e2defb-e333-4f61-8752-bb6275ff6115 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tunnels_in_Germany"} | A list of tunnels in Germany longer than 10 metres.
Baden-Württemberg
Road tunnels
Speed limit
With few exceptions, Baden-Württemberg has a speed limit of 100 km/h for all road and motorway tunnels that have two tubes. It is the only German state where this is the case; other German states have had a speed limit of 80 km/h. Bavaria has been raising the speed limit in such tunnels from 80 km/h to 100 km/h since 2007, and North Rhine-Westphalia has been doing the same since 2008.
Railway tunnels
Bavaria
Road tunnels
Speed limit
In 2007, Bavaria became the second German state, after Baden-Württemberg, to start increasing the speed limit for road and motorway tunnels with two tubes from 80 to 100 km/h. The first tunnel to have its speed limit increased from 80 to 100 km/h was the overhead noise barrier tunnel on the A3 auto Railway at Aschaffenburg. The Allach tunnel will be next, following the next scheduled maintenance. The AubingTunnel on the Munich motorway ring is already designed for speeds of 100 km/h and is scheduled to be re-classified.
Railway tunnels
Underground railway systems
Berlin
Road tunnels
Railway tunnels
Underground railway systems
Hamburg
Road tunnels
Railway tunnels
Underground railway systems
Hesse
Road tunnels
Railway tunnels
Underground railway systems
Ship tunnels
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Road tunnels
Lower Saxony
Road tunnels
Railway tunnels
North Rhine-Westphalia
Road tunnels
Railway tunnels
Rhineland-Palatinate
Road tunnels
Railway tunnels
Saarland
Road tunnels
Not yet upgraded in accordance with the RABT 2006 Guideline for Road Tunnel Equipment and Operation.
Railway tunnels
Saxony
Road tunnels
Railway tunnels
Schleswig-Holstein
Road tunnels
Thuringia
Road tunnels | d09ff92b-7153-4c33-ac7a-64e3e07478b5 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Karlsson_(wrestler)"} | Swedish wrestler
Jan Egon Karlsson (born 15 November 1945) is a retired Swedish wrestler, who often competed both in Greco-Roman and freestyle divisions at the same championships. In this way he won two medals each at the 1972 Olympic Games and 1973 World Senior Championships. He remains the last wrestler to win a medal in both styles in the same Olympic Games. | ca8f8061-6b87-48e9-8ccb-cbc0d97e9f3a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Augarde"} | English actress and singer
Amy Florence Augarde (7 July 1868 – 1 April 1959) was an English actress and singer in musical theatre and operetta.
Born at Westminster, Augarde was a member of a musical family. Among her siblings, Louise Adele Augarde (later King, 1863–1909) was a contralto with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, Frank Wells Augarde was a violinist, John Vernham Augarde was organist of St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge, and Augustus Wells Augarde was a clarinet player in the London Symphony Orchestra. Augarde was the aunt of Adrienne Augarde.
Augarde first appeared on stage in 1884, when she was fifteen, winning a place in the chorus of one of Richard D'Oyly Carte's British touring companies. In 1885 and 1886 she was in the United States with Carte's American company playing The Mikado, and then joined the chorus of his tour of Germany and Austria. In 1887 she was back in the US with Carte's American company playing Ruddigore, usually in the chorus, but sometimes playing the small role of Ruth. Later that year she was the understudy to Jessie Bond for the role of Mad Margaret in Ruddigore in London's Savoy Theatre and playing the role in September. In January 1888 she was cast as Hebe in the first revival of H.M.S. Pinafore.
Later in 1888 Augarde played Lydia Hawthorne in the long-running comic opera Dorothy at the Lyric Theatre, and the next year originated the part of Lady Anne Jerningham in Doris, also at the Lyric. She went on to appear in many successful musicals and operettas, including long runs in The Little Michus (1905 to 1906), The Chocolate Soldier (1910 to 1911), Shell Out (1915 to 1916), Nobody's Boy (1919), and The Naughty Princess (1920 to 1921). In 1925 she played Luisa in Franz Lehar's Frasquita. In 1935 she was Dancing Sunbeam in a revival of The Rose of Persia.
Augarde was also a successful gramophone recording artist.
She died in Reigate, Surrey, at the age of 90. | af657ec8-318d-4c30-ae2d-5d1152bb5500 |
null | 1569 Evita, provisional designation 1948 PA, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 36 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 August 1948, by astronomer Miguel Itzigsohn at the La Plata Astronomical Observatory in Argentina. The asteroid was named after Eva Perón.
Orbit and classification
Based on the hierarchical clustering method, Evita is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,039 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.
The asteroid was first identified as 1936 KE at the Johannesburg Observatory in May 1936. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at La Plata.
Physical characteristics
Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Evita measures 36.346 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.047. An albedo near 0.05 is typical for carbonaceous C-type asteroids which dominate the outer asteroid belt. It has an absolute magnitude of 11.2.
Rotation period
As of 2017, no rotational lightcurve of Evita has been obtained from photometric observations. The asteroid's rotation period and axis, as well as its shape remain unknown.
Naming
This minor planet was named in after the First Lady of Argentina, Eva Perón (1919–1952), who was commonly known by the affectionate Spanish diminutive form of her name, Evita. She was the wife of President Juan Perón (1895–1974) of Argentina.
The discoverer also named the asteroids 1581 Abanderada, 1582 Martir, 1588 Descamisada and 1589 Fanatica in tribute to Eva Perón. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center in February 1951 (M.P.C. 519). | 1d732a96-8614-427b-a09d-df9cc6140b33 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Inocente_Lugo"} | Mexican lawyer and politician
José Inocente Lugo Gómez Tagle (25 December 1871 – 26 November 1963) was a Mexican lawyer and politician who served as governor of the State of Guerrero. | de076d94-2a58-44d1-82ce-a0be993f71b6 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrified_(film)"} | 2018 Argentinian horror film
Terrified (Spanish: Aterrados) is a 2017 Argentine horror film written and directed by Demián Rugna, concerning a series of supernatural events in a neighbourhood of Buenos Aires.
Plot
At home in Buenos Aires, Clara hears strange voices coming from the plughole in her kitchen sink. The voices seem to be discussing a plan to kill her. That night, awakened by thumping sounds, Juan is terrified to find Clara's dead body hovering in midair in their bathroom, repeatedly slamming against the wall as if thrown by an invisible force.
Walter, who lives next door, is also experiencing supernatural occurrences. Each night, as he tries to sleep, invisible forces shake and move his furniture, including his bed. When he uses a video camera to film the events, he sees a tall, naked figure emerging from beneath the bed, standing over him as he sleeps, and hiding in the wardrobe.
Across the road, Alicia is grieving the death of her young son, hit by a bus outside Walter's house. Alicia's ex-boyfriend, police commissioner Funes calls Jano, a paranormal investigator and former coroner. Jano 'sees' the dead boy sitting at the kitchen table, having apparently returned from the cemetery, leaving behind a trail of muddy footprints. After deliberating, the two eventually move the now inanimate corpse to an outside freezer.
Nearby, Jano meets Dr. Mora Albreck, another paranormal investigator. Mora has arrived to meet Walter, after viewing the video recordings he sent her. However, he has gone missing, leaving his house empty. Together with Rosentock, another supernatural researcher, Jano and Albreck visit Juan, now the main suspect in his wife's murder and held in a psychiatric facility. After being assured they believe his story, Juan allows them to investigate his house.
The specialists return to the troubled street, before separating to investigate one property each. Funes accompanies Rosenstock, who is based at Walter's house. As weird phenomena occur and the investigators begin to die in gruesome and inexplicable ways, Funes realizes he has no choice but to flee the scene or risk losing his own life.
Back at the psychiatric facility, the police attempt to further question Juan but he is distracted by the figure of a tall man behind them, a man who resembles a burned Rosentock. They turn around, seeing nothing except for an empty chair. Suddenly, the chair flies towards the camera.
Cast
Release
Terrified was first screened at the Mórbido Fest 2017 in Mexico, followed by an international premiere at the 33rd Mar del Plata International Film Festival. The film received a general release in Argentina on 3 May 2018, opening on a smaller-than-average number of screens (80) but coming seventh at the box office on its opening weekend.
In the United States, Canada and the UK, Terrified was made available for home viewing via the streaming service Shudder.
Reception
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes Terrified holds a "77% fresh" rating, based on 13 reviews, representing a positive response from critics. Vulture.com placed it among its "Best Horror Movies of 2018 (So Far)", writing: "Terrified won best horror feature at this year’s Fantastic Fest, and is an absolutely excellent tale of the supernatural featuring some amazing deaths and creature effects. Fans of Insidious and The Conjuring should be big fans of this one, too." Kim Newman called it "[e]ffectively spooky stuff" after viewing it at the London FrightFest Film Festival in 2018.
Future
In December 2018, it was reported that Guillermo del Toro intends to produce a remake of the film for Searchlight Pictures.
During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, writer-director Demián Rugna revealed he was working on the second draft of a script for a sequel, Terrified 2. | 3acb5a76-a4d5-44b4-92a6-1cad04604628 |
null | Norwegian linguist
Anna-Brita Stenström (born 1932) is a linguist whose areas of research include corpus linguistics, sociolinguistics, pragmatics, and discourse analysis. She has initiated and co-directed three online corpora of adolescent language: The Bergen Corpus of London Teenage Language (COLT), Ungdomsspråk och språkkontakt i Norden (UNO), and Corpus Oral de Lenguaje Adolescente (COLA). She is Professor Emerita of English Linguistics at the University of Bergen, Norway.
Stenström is a foreign member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
Publications | eeaba567-1f5e-48a4-b27e-296fc576b01d |
null | The Primary Affective System is a core biological blueprint coined by Jaak Panksepp. | 058b74eb-5b9c-4ddb-975c-f38e2428c836 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolina_Rediviva"} | Main building of the Uppsala University Library
Carolina Rediviva is the main building of the Uppsala University Library in Uppsala, Sweden. The building was begun in 1820 and completed in 1841. The original architect was Carl Fredrik Sundvall. Later additions to the building have been designed by Axel Johan Anderberg and Peter Celsing. The name, literally "Carolina Revived", was given in remembrance of the old Academia Carolina building, which had functioned as the university library for most of the 18th century (see Uppsala University Library). Carolina Rediviva is the oldest and largest university library building in the country. It is also the site where the Codex Argenteus and the Cancionero de Upsala are kept.
Exhibition
By the entrance hall of the library there is an exhibition hall where some of the most important objects in the library can be seen. Among the items are the Codex Argenteus, the map Carta marina, and a first edition of Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica.
Gallery | dd51c86b-5861-43dc-80e5-46134e99a0fa |
Subsets and Splits