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What essential difference exists between living things and non-living things? The quantity of matter supporting life on our Earth is vanishingly small when we consider the quantity of matter in the universe which supports no life. Scientists describe life and life processes better than they explain it. We repeat the characteristics of life found in most biology textbooks. It is far more descriptive than explanatory: Living things (1) are organized into cells, (2) manifest metabolism–processes of energy use for construction or breakdown, (3) respond to stimuli, (4) have homeostasis–the ability to maintain their internal stability, (5) grow and develop, (6) reproduce, and (7) change and adapt.
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0.942445 |
To ask the Minister for the Cabinet Office, what estimate he has made of the potential cost to the public purse of the UK participating in elections to the European Parliament in 2019.
The Government has made it clear that the UK intends to leave the EU with a deal and not take part in the European Parliamentary Elections (EPE) in May if possible, however, all the necessary preparations will be made for the election to take place on 23 May.
As is normal practice, the Cabinet Office is currently in process of finalising cost estimates and these will be published in the relevant Charges Order in due course.
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0.976225 |
There are many advantages and disadvantages of having a big family I the past famielies were much bigger than now Today many couples don t get married at all.
Whether you grew up in a large family or your own family is big, there are many benefits of having a big family. I do agree there are some disadvantages too. Money and space are some of the major problems of large families. Luckily, those problems don't prevent people from having large families.
Children from large families have many advantages. With birthrates at an all-time low, this list of benefits of children growing up in large families puts a positive spin on big families.
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0.974879 |
The Daily Beatle: New Ringo album: Y Not?
New Ringo album: Y Not?
The new studio album from Ringo Starr, entitled "Y Not" is due to be released on January 12th, and can currently be pre-ordered from Amazon. Ringo has left behind him his former studio band "The Roundheads", and his former producer, Mark Hudson. The new album is being produced by Ringo himself for the first time ever! How on earth did Starr finally locate the absolutely perfect producer to work with him? "Well, I looked in the mirror," Ringo says with a smile. "And I was looking real groovy that day."
Starr's decision to take a stronger role in the recording of his latest and greatest solo album was a significant and fortuitous one. "I didn't do it at the start," Starr says. "I was the least involved in the production of the Beatle records. And then with my solo records, I worked with some other great producers like Richard Perry, Arif Mardin, and Don Was. So it just seemed like that's the way that it goes. Then suddenly, it's another point in your life, and you say, 'I'm going do this now.' So I'll be producing anything I make from now on. That's the good news. It's a confidence thing, I suppose. And Y Not is really another way of me saying, 'Yes, I can.'"
Some of the guest musicians on the Y Not album are Joe Walsh and Paul McCartney. Even though Ringo re-signed with Capitol Records, who released the recent "best of" collection Photograph: The Very Best Of Ringo, the new studio album is on the Hip-O Records label.
Paul McCartney joined Starr for several tracks on the upcoming album, including the first single Walk With Me, where the pair trade singing duties. McCartney also played bass on the track Peace Dream, reports Billboard. Other musicians on the album includes Joe Walsh, Dave Stewart and longtime Roundheads member Steve Dudas on guitar, Benmont Tench of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers on keyboards, Don Was and Mike Bradford on bass. The album also features Starr's engineer and co-producer Bruce Sugar on keyboards, as well as some special guests like Joss Stone, Ben Harper and Richard Marx on vocals, Ann Marie Calhoun on violin and Tina Sugandh aka Tina The Tabla Girl - on tabla and chanting. Starr's songwriting collaborators on Y Not also include familiar and new names like Joe Walsh, Dave Stewart, Joss Stone, Glen Ballard, Richard Marx, Van Dyke Parks, Gary Nicholson plus Gary Wright and his former Roundhead band member, Gary Burr.
“Paul was doing the Grammys, so he came over to the house and was playing bass on ‘Peace Dream.’ So I played him this other track and Paul said, ‘Give me the headphones. Give me a pair of cans.’ And he went to the mike and he just invented that part where he follows on my vocal. That was all Paul McCartney, and there could be nothing better,” Starr told Rolling Stone. Other noteworthy songs on the album are "Fill In The Blanks," the album's rocking opening track written, played and sung only by Starr and Walsh. Then there's "The Other Side Of Liverpool," a revealing autobiographical song that explores Starr's earliest and darkest days. "People believe I was born, was a Beatle and lived in a big house," Starr explains. "And where I come from was a very dark, damp, violent neighborhood. I wanted to write another little snapshot of my life, and I'm going to do this every album. It's better for me than doing it in a book. In two lines I can say what would take five pages. Like the song says, 'The other side of Liverpool is cold and damp/Only way out of there/drums, guitar and amp.'"
Starr was already particularly thrilled with one early review for the first album he produced that came from someone he helped produce too. "I just played it for my son Zak," Starr explains. "And Zak was so great. He said, 'Dad, it's great. This rocks! You should have been doing this forever.' It's nice coming from your boy, especially since he's a really good drummer."
I'll be getting this, I hope it's good. I'm not pleasd about the price difference between US and UK though.
It's listed as an import to the UK. If it gets a domestic release, the price will get lower.
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0.997729 |
Were you looking for the civilian transport seen in Halo: Reach?
This unidentified civilian cargo ship is a type of ship used by humanity in the 2500s. These ships are civilian-operated freighters. The ships are VTOL capable, due to the strong jet thrusters located on their ventral surface.
During the Battle for Arcadia in 2531, three of these ships were requisitioned as evacuation transports by the Arcadian Patrol, used to airlift the inhabitants of Pirth City to safety during the battle. Cargo 3 was destroyed by enemy fire, but the other two ships, Cargo 1 and Cargo 2, aided by Spartan Red Team and forces from the UNSC Spirit of Fire, managed to take off and escape, saving hundreds from slaughter by the Covenant.
These ships were also used to evacuate civilians from Algolis during the Battle of Algolis. One of them was shot down by the Covenant, but the other, as well as a Pelican, escaped to a frigate in orbit, which was to rendezvous with the UNSC The Heart of Midlothian near the edge of the system.
This ship's bow resembles a Boeing 747, a human airliner used in the 20th and 21st centuries on Earth.
The general shape and appearance of the UNSC military cargo vessel Dartmouth is similar to the cargo ship, though on a smaller scale.
Two of the ships used to evacuate civilians during the Battle of Algolis.
One of civilian cargo ships preparing to take off.
Detail on the ship as it takes off.
The civilian cargo ship lifting off in the midst of battle before it was struck down by Covenant weapons fire.
The UNSC Dartmouth, a Naval cargo transport similar to the civilian cargo ship.
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0.999949 |
I've been compelled to write this today because I can't stop listening to Jeff Buckley's cover of "I Shall Be Released", originally written and recorded by the legendary Bob Dylan. There's a lot of pain and torture going on out there and I think at times we all forget that we will be released from all of the pain and struggles we must face. It's easy to forget when life won't let go of the harsh grasp it has around your throat.
The last two lines of the verse are probably the most important lines of the song because it brings everything full circle. It gives the song its meaning. "So I remember every face of every man who put me here," Dylan wrote. It's sort of him wallowing in his pain and being reminded of his past. Dylan made pain so relatable (as it should be) and I think that is what makes this such a great song. We all have a road that led us to where we are now, whether we're in a good position or a bad one. We remember all of the faces and circumstances that caused us to sit in the spot we're currently in. Someone (or in most cases multiple people) has caused us all pain. Someone helped mold us into the people we are today. We have all lost something that hit us to the core ("they say everything can be replaced"). When Dylan wrote the first line of the song, I like to believe that he was trying to convince himself that everything will be okay. You know, as in, 'hey, I can get it back'. The second line is a reminder that everywhere the road takes us will not be close by or easy to get to but if you want your emptiness to be replaced by happier times, you have to go the distance.
In the chorus, Dylan begans to look at things a little differently. The key word in the first line is "my". He didn't say he sees "a" light, he said "I see my light come shining..." This small difference gives the song a major concept. Dylan isn't looking to be saved, he's doing the saving. His own light will save him, not some magical moment where the sun rays shine out among the clouds. The second line is a continuation of the first and some thought is needed to decipher the meaning. He says his light is shining from the west unto the east. Astronomy teaches us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west; this means that Dylan is looking for an ending or a setting. The third line is more of a exclamation, ("Any day now, any day now!") where Dylan is shouting that his time is coming when he shall be released. He's suffered enough and any moment, all of the pain he's experienced shall be released. He will no longer be imprisoned.
The first two lines are self-explanatory. We all must fall (or at least that's what "they" say) and deal with hardships. Dylan uses these lines as a way to express his doubt in what "they" say (whoever "they" are) because he believes that he is better than what they say. Every man may have to fall but he sees the better in himself and the high position that he is meant to be in. Shouldn't we all think like Dylan? The walls he can see his reflection high above are the same walls that are imprisoning him. It is likely his pain and tribulations. Dylan is saying that he is better than his pain, therefore any moment now he's going to be released from it all so he can continue his ride above it all. He follows the verse with the chorus as an emphasis on his upcoming freedom.
We are all (or have been) that man in the big lonely crowd. None of us believe that we are to blame for our current situations. When bad things hit us all at once, we don't like to think that we somehow caused it (I'm not saying that we do always cause it). We scream and cry how much we don't deserve this and how much more we should have. We believe we've been framed or there must have been a typo in the writings of our stars because we've been nothing but good. Notice that Dylan also states that he's in a "lonely crowd". This means that he knows that he's not the only one who feels the way he does. He is not the only imprisoned soul. There are a lot of us out there. We're all in the same crowd yet we're all just as lonely. It's a bit of an oxymoron. Dylan ends the song with the chorus, just to remind us that any day his freedom is coming.
Jeff Buckley covers this song like no one else ever could.
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0.999304 |
I'm going to talk a little about batteries, bulbs, and other technical issues, but you can just skip to the recommendations if you like.
Flashlights that use conventional or alkaline batteries are not ideal. Everyone has had the experience of grabbing an "emergency" flashlight at home and finding it dim or dead after sitting unused for a few years. The self-discharge rate for most batteries goes up dramatically with temperature, so even a few months of sitting in a car may kill them.
Lithium batteries are not immune to heat, but they still hold their charges much longer. They also store more energy per volume, resulting in a more compact light. As an added bonus, lithium batteries can release their stored energy more quickly than other batteries, making them better for high-intensity lights.
Manually-powered lights provide you with a generator and something like a crank so you can provide the power yourself. That solves the self-discharge issue, but limits you to a relatively short-lived and only moderately bright light. It also means that you may have to wait a minute or two before you have any light at all, which can be a problem. Given those limitations, they are an extremely reliable and self-renewable source of light.
Recharging lights also solve the self-discharge issue. Unless you are willing to do regular maintenance on your lights, I would only recommend the ones that remain plugged in to your car's electrical system all the time when not in use. Even if they only receive power when the car is on, they will maintain a nearly full charge at all times.
The technology at the business end of a light is important too. LEDs have long been the most reliable, long-lasting, and energy efficient choice, but they used to be too dim for a lot of applications. That has changed dramatically in the last few years. LED lights are now the best choice for almost every purpose.
The other area where technology is really changed lights is the addition of circuits to maintain a constant level of light output. Old-style flashlights were just a bulb, a battery, and a switch. After the first minute or two of use the brightness would fall off significantly and would continue to diminish until only a dim glow remained. Newer lights hold fairly steady through most of the usable life of the batteries, then drop off sharply to a lower level.
I think there are two very different categories of emergency lights. If you break down along a major road you will need a bright light that can be used to inspect and repair your vehicle as well as to signal. If you end up stranded in the middle of nowhere by weather or other factors you may need a light that will last for several days of regular use.
My recommendation is that you buy one good light to fill both roles. It should be powered by one or more CR123 lithium batteries. It should use a high-powered LED bulb. And it should have a circuit that regulates the light and provides several brightness settings.
There are a lot of lights that meet these requirements. Most are not cheap ($50-$60), although you can occasionally find bargains online. Just be aware that quality affects reliability. If you pick up a $10 bargain light, test it thoroughly under normal conditions before you count on it in an emergency.
I've had good luck with Fenix lights, which are available all over the place online. My primary car light is an older version of the Fenix PD20.
Other brands to look at include NightCore, Quark, Olight, Streamlight, and ITP. And if you're curious you can take a look at my light collection for more ideas.
If a multi-mode light costs more than you want to spend I recommend a single-mode high-intensity light of the same general type. That should drop the price by around half. The Streamlight PolyTac LED would be my first pick.
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0.963788 |
Analyze the impact of science and technology on European society in the period from 1800 to 1900.
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0.999984 |
Put a spin on your camping experience with a glamping tent rental in Australia. A luxury twist on traditional tent camping, these accommodations allow glampers to trade in your sleeping bag for a bed and your campfire food for three-course meals. Immerse yourself in nature without sacrificing comfort and experience the great outdoors like never before. Victoria is a state in southeastern Australia. Victoria is the smallest state on the Australian mainland, but the second-most populous state overall. Most of its population is concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city, Melbourne. The metropolis of Melbourne, particularly its inner-city suburbs, are well-known for shopping tourism and the attractions of the city center attract travelers of all kinds. The Melbourne Zoo, Aquarium, and ScienceWorks are great family destinations. The city is also home to cultural icons such as Arts Centre Melbourne, the National Gallery of Victoria, and the Eureka Tower, with the highest observation deck in the Southern Hemisphere. Whatever your style, you are sure to find the perfect glamping tent rental for your adventure in Victoria, Australia!
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0.999996 |
A German data protection official called on Wednesday for social networking siteFacebook to delete biometric profiles of people stored without their explicit consent, saying they breach European privacy rules.
In other words, he wants Facebook to delete users' faces from its databases.
Johannes Caspar, head of the Hamburg office for data protection, said talks with Facebook to bring its business practices in line with German and European Union privacy rules had failed. Caspar said in a statement that he is now re-opening a stalled probe of the Menlo Park, California-based company "in order to find a legally sound solution with regard to the use of biometric data."
Caspar is highly critical of Facebook's photo tagging feature, which asks users to attach the names of people in pictures they have uploaded. Facebook then uses the unique facial characteristics in each picture to automatically identify the same person in other photographs on its site. Users can opt out of the service, but Caspar wants them to have to opt in.
"Facebook will be obliged to delete this data unless it obtains approval by all concerned users," he said, adding that "due to the immense potential of misuses of biometric data the explicit consent is a legal requirement for the collecting and processing of biometric data."
Facebook responded with a statement saying that it believes the photo tagging feature "is fully compliant with EU data protection laws."
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0.999998 |
I am not sure how much explanation is needed for the game Mortal Kombat. Hasn’t everyone heard of Mortal Kombat? Well if not, it is a video game that come out back in the 1990’s. It first was a stand alone video arcade game, then it was a computer game, console game, and now it is a mobile game!
Mortal Kombat X, is the tenth version of the game. It is a 2D fighting game and your job is simple-knock the other guy out. This version of the game is very well done and a lot of fun. If you looking for some tips on how to play, check out this article: How to mangle people efficiently and cheaply in Mortal Kombat X: Hints, tips, and tricks, from Pocket Gamer.
It is currently only available for iOS, with the Android version coming out soon. Josh decides to take on this game for this week’s video review. Enjoy.
I am not sure how much explanation is needed for the game Mortal Kombat. Hasn’t everyone heard of Mortal Kombat? Well if not, it is a video game that come out back in the 1990’s. It first was a stand alone video arcade game, then it was a computer game, console game, and now it is a mobile game! Mortal Kombat X, is the tenth version of the game. It is a 2D fighting game and your job is simple-knock the other guy out. This version of the game is very well done and a lot of fun. If you looking for some tips on how to play, check out this article: How to mangle people efficiently and cheaply in Mortal Kombat X: Hints, tips, and tricks, from Pocket Gamer. It is currently only available for iOS, with the Android version coming out soon. Josh decides to take on this game for this week’s video review. Enjoy.
Enjoy this classic on your mobile device.
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0.99993 |
LONDON: Prime Minister Theresa May won a confidence vote in the British parliament on Wednesday before proposing immediate talks with other party leaders in an attempt to break the deadlock on a Brexit divorce agreement.
Lawmakers voted 325 to 306 that they had confidence in May’s government, just 24 hours after handing her Brexit deal a crushing defeat that left Britain’s exit from the European Union in disarray.
With the clock ticking down to March 29, the date set in law for Brexit, the United Kingdom is now in the deepest political crisis in half a century as it grapples with how, or even whether, to exit the European project it joined in 1973.
After the results of the confidence vote were announced to cheers from Conservative lawmakers, May said she believed parliament had a duty and a responsibility to find a solution that would deliver Brexit.
“We will continue to work to deliver on the solemn promise we made to the people of this country to deliver on the result of the referendum,” she said.
If the prime minister fails, the United Kingdom could face a disorderly “no-deal” Brexit, a delay to Brexit, or even another referendum on membership. Some critics said she was not budging from the deal that had alienated all sides in parliament.
“Before there can be any positive discussions about the way forward, the government must remove clearly, once and for all, the prospect of the catastrophe of a no-deal Brexit from the EU and all the chaos that would come as a result of that,” Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said.
Earlier, Labour’s spokesman John McDonnell said Theresa May could eventually get a deal through parliament if she negotiated a compromise with his party _ a permanent customs union with the EU, a close relationship with its single market and greater protection for workers and consumers.
But her spokesman said it was still government policy to be outside an EU customs union while May, an initial opponent of Brexit who won the top job in the turmoil following the 2016 referendum, insisted Britain would leave the bloc as planned on March 29, leaving little time for a solution to be found.
Sterling had jumped by more than a cent against the dollar on news of May’s defeat on Tuesday and was holding close to that level on Wednesday. Many investors believe the prospect of a no-deal exit has receded as parliament hardens its stance against it.
Tuesday’s crushing defeat appears to have killed off May’s two-year strategy of forging an amicable divorce in which a status-quo transition period would be followed by Britain operating an independent trade policy alongside close ties to the EU.
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0.999999 |
Stand up against the threats to American citizens within the Patriot Act.
An expectation in being an American is the freedom to privacy and yet interceptions of our communications, monitoring, the weakening of Miranda laws, governmental interference that would dictate our choices, our activities, our morality, our medicines and our treatments threaten to totally destroy our right to privacy. It is for this reason that I maintain freedom first when considering any law or policy.
No group of people should be targeted for exclusion from the same rights and privileges enjoyed by other Americans. Equality is fundamental to a free society. In addition, heinous activities such as women and other American citizens exploited in certain labor markets, exploited sexually, and exploited in a growing slave trade market threaten to undermine our freedoms. These are issues also deserving of careful and immediate attention.
All Americans are entitled to adequate public education in a safe environment.
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0.953568 |
Here is a summary of the book. Spoilers!
Garet Garrett (February 19, 1878 – November 6, 1954), born Edward Peter Garrett, was an American journalist and author, who is noted for his opposition to the New Deal and U.S. involvement in the Second World War. But his most overlooked contribution was the authorship of four great novels in the interwar period. Among them Cinder Buggy is the most expansive epic and the one most likely to someday turned into a great film.
Garrett saw the unfolding of the capitalist process as a great human drama, especially in its capacity to reinvent technology and its impact on our lives. His 1923 novel is a fictional account that is deeply rooted in historical truth.
The epic drama concerns the transformation of the iron age (which had actually begun in 1200 B.C.) to the age of steel, which came about in the 1880s and took hold most thoroughly in the United States. We discover here the beginnings of industry that built cities and modernity as we know it. It is an extraordinary tale that, as Garrett knew, is mostly ignored by historians. The story is told through the lives of several generations of a deep rivalry between families and friends.
A quietly burning rivalry existed between the founder’s grandson Aaron Breakspeare and the son of the the founder’s successor Enoch Gib. They owned parallel estates. Aaron was respected and loved; Enoch was feared and hated. Still, they joined together in a single business to build a new blast furnace and ramp up production. Enoch stayed in the town and managed the company while Aaron went abroad to research new forms of technology and metallurgical science. Together, they worked and made it a success, tripling the population of the town. Socially, Aaron was the center of attention, while Enoch lived mostly in brooding isolation.
A banker came to town, Bruno Mitchell, to enter the business, along with his 24-year old daughter Esther Mitchell. Enoch proposed to Esther but she ended up marrying Aaron. This tore the business in two, destroying the partnership. Enoch became more bitter and embedded in the iron business, while Aaron set on a new course of trying to make steel. He obtained the patent and went to work, but faced terrible struggles and failed many times. His business began to fail. He could never make the steel work for him. Esther and Aaron went abroad and Esther had a son John. Then she died. Aaron left New Damascus. Enoch’s soul turned black. He married Jonet, the daughter of a blacksmith.
Meanwhile, the son of Aaron and Esther born abroad, John Breakspeare, had grown and came back to New Damascus at the age of 20 to bury his father. He ends up going to work for Enoch — who enjoys some kind of perverse satisfaction in employing the son of his old rival and the woman who spurned him. Enoch tries to indoctrinate John in the evils of steel and the glory of iron. Enoch offers John a partnership that John declined. John, wildly popular all over town just like his father had been, had other hopes and dreams that turned on steel.
Meanwhile, Enoch and Jonet had a girl Agnes, and her mother died when she was 10 years old. She was young and elusive. Enoch kept her sealed away, quiet and alone in another part of the house. They largely hated each other, even as she grew through her teen years. John decided to hold a party and provide an opportunity for her to get out of the house. It was a great party but Agnes suddenly disappeared.
Meanwhile, Enoch discovered that she had gone and went through her room to discover all the notes that John had sent her. He was of course furious. Agnes was discovered wandering around in the outdoors by Alex Thane, a puddler at the blast furnace. Agnes was hurt and so Alex brought her home to her father. When they arrived, her father was furious and, suspecting illicit relations, forced an instant marriage against Agnes’s wishes.
At this point, Agnes, Alex (known as Thane mostly), and John decide to leave together and start a new venture. John uses all the money he has to buy a mill that was being auctioned in Pittsburgh. This is where they begin operations, starting with nails that compete directly with Enoch’s nails from New Damascus.
John had believed that Enoch was out of the nail business, but Enoch, driven by hatred and resentment, put them back into production and sold nails all over the region at a loss to his own company — solely in order to fuel his hatred.
This incident is an excellent case drawn straight from the history of enterprise. It is not the case that businesses always maximize profit. Because they are run by people and people have emotions both rational and irrational, they sometimes take a course of action that is destructive of themselves, all in the interest of conquering their enemies.
John responded by innovating steel nails, and this was the way he fought back against Enoch’s iron nails. It was a beginning of the company’s profitability but they had just begun. Meeting experts and experimenting more with techniques, they formed the American Steel Company. The great challenge they faced was making steel rails; that was the gold everyone was seeking. These would enable not only new railroads but also bridges, buildings, cities. But they had yet mastered how to do it profitably.
About this time, newspapers report that Enoch is sick and that the mills in New Damascus had shut down. The three of them return back home and Enoch makes one last wish: to have his body burned in the blast furnace. Alex complies. In a moment of incredible intensity, Agnes watches as the body of her cruel father is burned. At this moment, and for the first time, she actually falls in love with Alex. Her life takes a different turn from this point on. She threw herself into metallurgy and made a huge contribution to the company’s bottom line.
John emerges as the quintessential “robber baron” of the period, driven by the competitive urge, blessed with luck, and possessing the capacity for seeing a future that had not yet arrived. Their riches grow and grow. They went public, selling shares on Wall Street. This move entangles him into the world of stock jobbing and speculation. He nearly ruins himself several times but crawls back — an illustration of the entrepreneurial mind at work. The growth continues on and on, adding new partners and buying new properties. They purchased a steel mill in Wisconsin and Alex went there to settle a labor dispute. He was shot and died in Agnes’s arms. Agnes and John travelled the world together and did more business but did not marry for many years later.
1. The move from one age of technology to another does not take place all at once. It comes in fits and starts, with marginal improvements along the way.
2. The driving force of business is not profitability but human passion for achievement. The profits and accounting are there to act as technical guides and a means of ratifying that achievement.
3. What can seem like the ultimate setback for a venture might only be the beginning of something new and more spectacular. It all depends on how the turn of events is played.
4. Business sometimes take directions that are contrary to their self interest but are motivated by deeper human emotions like envy and hate.
5. Anything that is settled and stable is ripe to be disrupted. The crowds will always favor the stable over the new. But when the time has come for the new to take over, nothing can stop it.
6. Whatever technology people imagine to be the final stage, the ultimate thing, is really only the beginning of something new and more wonderful.
7. The age of steel itself would not have come about but through entrepreneurship and struggle, wild risk taking and pushing through barriers.
8. The struggle of enterprise is ongoing and never finds a resting place. Signs of quiet predictability foreshadowed upheaval.
9. In the world of enterprise, friends become enemies, partners become competitors, defeats turn to victories, achievements become liabilities, and all this can go in the reverse direction. The course of economic and technological development is as unpredictable as the course of human action itself.
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0.999019 |
The Epoch Times was started in 2000 by a group of Falun Gong practitioners; the founders said they were responding to censorship inside China and a lack of international understanding about the Chinese repression of Falun Gong. In May 2000, the paper was first published in the Chinese language in New York, with the web launch in August 2000.
By 2003, The Epoch Times website and group of newspapers had grown into one of the largest Chinese-language news websites and newspaper groups outside China in the past two years, with local editions in the U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and major Western European countries.
The first English edition launched online in 2003, followed by the New York print edition in 2004.
In 2000, 10 of The Epoch Times correspondents were imprisoned in China, but current staff of the Chinese-language edition work in Hong Kong.
As of February 2012, 67 The Epoch Times newspaper editions are published in print on 5 continents. They are available in 11 languages and have a distribution of 1,315,000 copies in 35 countries. Distribution varies from daily to monthly.
The Epoch Times is available in 21 languages on the internet. In Chinese there are websites for Hong Kong, Taiwan and Australia as well as the main Chinese website. The Epoch Times receives 105 million page views per month from 20 million visitors.
Reporters cover stories that pertain to their own areas, contributing to a pool of articles for the different editions to share.
English The English language edition of The Epoch Times started in September 2003 as a website, and went to print in New York in August 2004. It is now published in the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Singapore and Malaysia.
Chinese The oldest of The Epoch Times editions, the Chinese paper has been in operation from May 2000, with the web launch in August 2000. The Chinese edition of The Epoch Times (Dajiyuan) is now the single largest Chinese language newspaper in the world, covering 35 countries across North and South America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Asia.
French The French edition launched as a website in January 2005, and went into print shortly after. La Grande Époque is found in France, Canada (Montreal, Quebec province) and Switzerland since 2005 and changed its name for Époque Times in Quebec in 2012.
Spanish The Spanish website of La Gran Epoca launched in early 2005. Circulation of the print edition began in Argentina one week before the website went live.
German The German website of The Epoch Times Deutschland launched in late 2004. The printed edition in Germany and a few neighboring countries, as Die Neue Epoche, was halted in 2012.
Russian The Russian language edition started in December 2004 as a website, and later it went to print in St. Petersburg. The Russian newspaper is now distributed all over Russia.
Ukrainian The Ukrainian website of Велика Епоха (or Epoch Times) launched in May 2005. In March 2006, the bilingual Ukrainian and Russian edition (www.EpochTimes.com.ua) of the Ukrainian site was launched.
Bulgarian The Bulgarian edition started in mid-February 2005, with a Bulgarian version of the "Nine Commentaries".
Hebrew The Hebrew edition started in December 2005. It is printed weekly and is mainly distributed in Tel Aviv.
Slovak The Slovak edition started on 1 March 2006.
Czech The Czech edition started on 6 October 2006.
Turkish The Turkish edition started on 9 June 2011.
Portuguese The Portuguese edition of started on 18 April 2012. The core team is based in Brazil, with a satellite office in Portugal.
Italian The Italian language edition website launched in December 2012.
Persian The Persian edition launched on 12 January 2013. This edition serves those speaking Persian in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and other countries.
The Epoch Times dispenser at Huntington metro station, near Washington, D.C.
The Epoch Times' flagship New York edition is typically around 50 pages, divided into four sections. Section "A" is primarily devoted to current events, with several pages devoted to China issues and politics. Section A also includes opinion pages, sports, science & technology, business and real estate. Section "B" is Arts & Culture—covering classical art forms, exhibits and events. Section B also includes Style and an "Essence of China" page devoted to traditional Chinese culture, stories, and art forms. Section "C" focuses on health and fitness featuring mainstream medical science, alternative and Chinese medical treatments. Section "D" is Food which focuses on cooking and local restaurants.
Outside of New York, other English editions typically take the form of a 16–24-page broadsheet. The content is a shorter version of the New York edition, with a focus on each edition's local region.
Print editions range from 30 to 80 pages. A typical print edition includes sections on local and national news, China, world, health, science, autos, real estate, arts & culture, style, home, food, dining and special sections covering traditional Chinese culture & values.
According to the Canadian Circulations Audit Board, The Epoch Times is the first and the only Chinese-language daily newspaper in Canada to complete a circulation audit.
English The Epoch Times chair Stephen Gregory said in 2007: "It's not a Falun Gong newspaper. Falun Gong is a question of an individual's belief. The paper's not owned by Falun Gong, it doesn't speak for Falun Gong, it doesn't represent Falun Gong. It does cover the persecution of Falun Gong in China." Associated Press reporter Nahal Toosi wrote that it is "technically inaccurate" to say that the Falun Gong organization owns The Epoch Times. However, many of the newspaper's staffers are Falun Gong practitioners. Toosi noted that "many observers" have said that Falun Gong uses the newspaper as part of a public relations campaign.
In March 2006, The Epoch Times published the allegations of three Chinese individuals who said that thousands of Falun Gong practitioners had been killed to supply China's organ transplant industry, including a doctor, who said there were 36 concentration camps all over China. Kilgour-Matas report stated "the source of 41,500 transplants for the six year period 2000 to 2005 is unexplained" and "we believe that there has been and continues today to be large scale organ seizures from unwilling Falun Gong practitioners". Appendix 16 of the revised report refuted Harry Wu's negative comments.
In 2008, two United Nations Special Rapporteurs reiterated their requests for "the Chinese government to fully explain the allegation of taking vital organs from Falun Gong practitioners and the source of organs for the sudden increase in organ transplants that has been going on in China since the year 2000". The Chinese government has consistently denied the allegations. The parliaments of Canada and the European Union, Taiwan, as well as the Foreign Affairs Subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives, have adopted resolutions condemning organ harvesting from Falun Gong prisoners of conscience.
During the 2009 New York City Comptroller elections, The Epoch Times alleged that Taiwan-born Democratic nominee John Liu is part of a "United Front" by the Chinese Communist Party to infiltrate the United States and subvert its government, democracy, and human rights in general. The newspaper alleged that "the CCP works tenaciously and systematically to place its people [...] in key positions in corporations, academia, and government in the United States and other countries." The Epoch Times also published an 8-page "special edition", and also featured on its website a section focused on coverage of Liu's reported ties with CCP officials.
During Hu Jintao's visit to Canada in June 2010, the Toronto Star noted that The Epoch Times had published several "hard-hitting" critical stories on Hu's visit, such as allegations of the local Chinese embassy's orchestration of welcome parades, as well as an alleged recording of a speech by the first secretary of education Liu Shaohua, in which Liu stated that embassy would provide accommodation and transport for over 3,000 participants in the welcome parade.
Canadian media reported that the parliamentary press office made deliberate arrangements in relation to Hu's public appearances limiting The Epoch Times' access to the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, even though the newspaper is an accredited member of the Canadian Parliamentary Press Gallery. The paper carried an exclusive interview with outspoken Canadian Member of Parliament Rob Anders, wherein Anders alleged that the Chinese government used gifts and business deals in attempts to influence Canadian political decisions.
The editorial stance of The Epoch Times is generally considered anti-communist, specifically opposing the Communist Party of China.
In recent years, the newspaper's German edition has aligned with the German far right, and the U.S. edition has favored the Trump administration.
The newspaper counters what it considers to be Chinese Communist Party propaganda through its own opinion pieces and reporting. The newspaper covers causes and groups opposed to the CCP, including Falun Gong, dissidents, activists, and supporters of the Tibetan government-in-exile. The paper also reports on Falun Gong-related news, including the group's attempt to sue former Communist Party general secretary Jiang Zemin under civil legislation for genocide, not covered by most other overseas Chinese-language newspapers.
The newspaper is also at odds with the Taiwanese owned newspaper World Journal, accusing it of being a "megaphone for the evil Chinese Communist Party".
The Epoch Times is well known for alleging conspiracy by former Communist Party general secretary Jiang Zemin, under whose administration the Falun Gong was prosecuted.
It also often publishes Pseudoscience including but not limited to UFOs and chemtrails, in a section titled "Beyond Science". The section includes such articles as "12 Million-Year-Old Vehicle Tracks", Sumerian spaceships, hype over meditation, and near-death experience.
The paper has published articles questioning the validity of widely accepted scientific results such as evolution and climate change.
In 2005, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that "three new U.S-based, Chinese-language media outlets that provide provocative reporting about the Communist Party, government oppression and social unrest in China [namely The Epoch Times, Sound of Hope, and NTDTV] have ties to the Falun Gong spiritual movement." When interviewed, executives at each outlet said they did not represent the Falun Gong movement as a whole.
The Epoch Times also runs mainstream newswire stories and in some places can resemble a community newspaper. According to sociologist Zhao Yuezhi, "While mainstream newspaper typically treat Web versions as an extension of the already-existing print version, The Epoch Times website serves as the master for all its worldwide papers."
In some cases The Epoch Times operates in a hostile overseas environment, in which "overseas Chinese media companies choosing to remain independent or publish non-approved content become the targets of an aggressive campaign of elimination or control." In one instance Chinese diplomatic officials made threats against media for reporting Falun Gong-related content; in other cases, advertisers have been regularly threatened not to support The Epoch Times in any way. Communist Party authorities have been accused of resorting to "militant methods" against the newspaper and its staff, including attacking staff and destroying computer equipment.
The newspaper reported that in 2005 the Communist Party "exerted hard and soft pressure" on printing houses in Hong Kong, forcing the paper to stop printing, after it reported on Tibet, human rights, Falun Gong, and was the first media to break the story on SARS. The newspaper was also briefly banned from Malaysia after coming under reported pressure by the Chinese Communist Party.
The German edition of the newspaper, The Epoch Times Deutschland, which became Web-only in 2012, is aligned with the German far-right, attracting readers supportive of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party and the anti-immigrant group Pegida.
Since November 2004, the Chinese version of The Epoch Times has published and promoted a series of editorials and a booklet titled "Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party" (traditional Chinese: 九評共產黨; simplified Chinese: 九评共产党). The editorials expose the CCP's often violent political campaigns through its history, from its ascent to power under Mao Zedong to its present-day form. The CCP was criticized as an illegitimate institution which used underhanded tactics to gain power. The commentaries allege that the CCP "destroyed traditional Chinese culture" and brands the CCP an "evil cult". According to Ownby, the Commentaries are a condemnation of Communism and direct indictment on the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party in ruling China. While acknowledging the "unnecessary violence" the Chinese Communist Party has inflicted, as a professional historian Ownby finds that the lack of balance and nuance in tone and style makes the editorial resemble "anti-Communist propaganda written in Taiwan in the 1950s." The commentaries won an award in 2005.
The Nine Commentaries have been translated into more than 30 other languages and released as a DVD. The Nine Commentaries have been credited by the newspaper and prominent leaders of the expatriate Chinese community, with sparking an exodus from the CCP and its affiliated organizations.
The website of The Epoch Times hosts a "CCP Renunciations" service, encouraging Chinese to quit the CCP and related organizations.
The number of people who have resigned from the Communist Party of China or its affiliate organizations, is published in Chinese editions of the newspaper. The counter stood at over 320 million on December 4. 2018.
According to Ming Xia, political science professor at the College of Staten Island, The Epoch Times represents part of Falun Gong's effort to expand to non-practitioners, and "is part of the Falun Gong strategy to embed itself into the large civil society for influence and legitimacy".
In his 2008 book on Falun Gong, David Ownby wrote that the The Epoch Times articles are "well written and interesting, if occasionally idiosyncratic in their coverage." According to Ownby, the newspaper has been praised and also criticized for a perceived bias against the CCP, and support of Falun Gong practitioners and other dissidents such as Tibetans, Taiwanese independence advocates, democracy activists, Uyghurs and others. The paper, therefore, is often assessed in light of its connection to Falun Gong, rather than a thorough analysis of its editorial content.
James Bettinger, a professor of Communications at Stanford University and the director of the John S. Knight Journalism Fellowships, said "Even if Epoch Times is not associated with Falun Gong, if they consistently write about Falun Gong in the same perspective, or if there are no articles examining Falun Gong, people would perceive it as being not credible." Orville Schell, dean of the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism, said in 2005 that "It's hard to vouch for their quality because it's difficult to corroborate, but it's not something to be dismissed as pure propaganda."
Jiao Guobiao, a former Beijing University journalism professor who was dismissed after criticizing the Central Propaganda Department, proposed that even if The Epoch Times published only negative information highly critical of the CCP, the weight of their attacks could never begin to counterbalance the positive propaganda the party publishes about itself. In addressing media balance, Jiao noted that the Chinese public lacked negative, critical information regarding their country. As such, he noted for a need of media balance based on the principles of freedom, equality, and legality, and that media balance "is the result of the collective imbalances of all".
The paper has also been lauded by some political commentators and media experts. Ethan Gutmann of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, a neoconservative think tank, has characterized The Epoch Times as a leader in political analysis of the Chinese regime, writing: "With the "Chinese Regime in Crisis" series, Epoch Times has finally and indisputably arrived. Any China expert who wants to save face by pretending the paper doesn't exist can continue to do so—for a little while anyway—but they had better be reading it in secret."
The Epoch Times has been criticized by some scholars for biases, particularly regarding the Chinese Communist Party and mainland China issues, as well as for being a "mouthpiece" of the Falun Gong movement. James To, a New Zealand political scientist, described the The Epoch Times as the "primary mouthpiece" of Falun Gong, writing that it "lacks credibility", despite the newspaper posing a "viable threat to the CCP" by publishing articles about the party's negative aspects. In his book Blocked on Weibo: What Gets Suppressed on China's Version of Twitter and Why, University of Toronto research fellow Jason Q. Ng referred to the paper's coverage of mainland China issues as "heavily biased against the Communist Party" and thus its reportage "should be viewed skeptically."
In 2010, The Epoch Times successfully defended its reporting in the Canadian court system, when a publisher it had reported on, Crescent Chau of Les Presses Chinoises, sued for libel. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that The Epoch Times article expressed "legitimate concerns and constitute an opinion which is drawn from a factual premise." In examining the case, John Gordon Miller, a Canadian journalist and media professor, noted that articles in question "appear to be thoroughly and professionally reported".
Hayes Brown of Buzzfeed News called The Epoch Times "one of the staunchest defenders of Donald Trump’s presidency."
The web-only, German edition of the paper, Epoch Times Deutschland, has been criticized by media analysts[who?] for its favorable coverage of far right populist groups such as the Alternative for Germany and Pegida, both of which proclaim anti-immigrant views, and promotion of skepticism towards mainstream German media and politicians. A German media report described the outlet, along with Sputnik News and Kopp Report, as a "favorite" of Pegida supporters, and found that its articles critical of immigration have been shared almost daily.
2012 Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal – Canadian publisher Cindy Gu of The Epoch Times was one of about 60,000 recipients awarded this commemorative medal, which honors "significant contributions and achievements by Canadians." She was nominated for the medal by the Canadian Centre for Abuse Awareness for raising awareness of human rights abuses in China and the organ harvesting of Falun Gong practitioners.
2012 National Ethnic Press and Media Council Award – The Chinese edition of The Epoch Times was one of nine newspapers given an award for "excellence in editorial/free expression, best concept and visual presentation."
2012 New York Press Association Award – The Epoch Times won first place in the category "Best Special Section—Advertising, Division 2" for a special section produced for Asia Week New York in March 2012. "A great special section has five strong components: a great cover, appealing design, good art, strong content, and well designed complimentary advertising. This section has all five," said the NYPA judges. "In all, this is one of the nicest sections I have ever seen produced by a newspaper."
2012 Society of Professional Journalists' Sigma Delta Chi Award – The Epoch Times China reporter Matthew Robertson won this award in the category of Non-Deadline Reporting in newspapers with a circulation of less than 50,000 per day, for a series of articles he wrote on forced, live organ harvesting in China.
2013 Newswomen's Club Award – The Epoch Times New York reporter Genevieve Belmaker won a Front Page Award from the Newswomen's Club of New York for reporting about the impact of Hurricane Sandy, in the category of newspapers with a circulation of less than 100,000 per day.
^ BETSY MORAIS. "The Epoch Times doesn't like to brag". Retrieved December 23, 2016.
^ "Falun Gong Fields Media Weapons". Wall Street Journal. April 14, 2004.
^ Thomas Lum (August 11, 2006). "China and Falun Gong" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2012.
^ a b c d Hua, Vanessa (December 18, 2005). "Dissident media linked to Falun Gong / Chinese-language print, broadcast outlets in U.S. are making waves". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved December 9, 2006.
^ Peter Schworm (December 3, 2007). "Chinese-American activists decry China's communism". The Boston Globe.
^ a b Gossett, Sherrie (June 15, 2005). "Independent Chinese Newspaper Bucks Communists". aim.org. Accuracy in Media. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
^ Ownby 2008, p. 223.
^ "Epoch Times Marks 10 Years in Canada". Epoch Times. March 17, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
^ "The Epoch Times E-Paper". Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ "Media Associations – Media Information on Canadian Circulations Audit Board". Cardonline.ca. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
^ "Epoch Times Canada's First Audited Daily Chinese Newspaper". The Epoch Times. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ a b c "Paper denies representing Falun Gong". Washington Post. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
^ a b Tong, Clement (2015). "Western Apocalyptic Narratives in the International Arena". In Jean-Guy A. Goulet; Liam D. Murphy; Anastasia Panagakos (eds.). Religious Diversity Today: Experiencing Religion in the Contemporary World. 3. ABC-CLIO. p. 71. ISBN 9781440833328.
^ a b Ownby, David (2008). Falun Gong and the Future of China. Oxford University Press. p. 223. ISBN 9780199716371.
^ Ownby, David (2008). Falun Gong and the Future of China. Oxford University Press. p. 8. ISBN 9780199716371.
^ a b c Ownby 2008, p. 221.
^ Couldry, Nick; Curran, James (September 22, 2003). Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780742575202.
^ a b c Groot, Gerry; Stafford, Glen (2012). "China and South Australia". In John Spoehr; Purnendra Jain (eds.). The Engaging State: South Australia's Engagement with the Asia-Pacific Region. Wakefield Press. p. 103. ISBN 9781743051573. In related vein, another paper with wide distribution but published elsewhere is The Epoch Times (Dajiyuan shibao), the qigong meditation religious group Falun gong mouth-piece, which runs a strong anti-communist line.
^ a b c d Thornton, Patricia M. (2008). "Manufacturing Dissent in Transnational China". In Kevin J. O'Brien (ed.). Popular Protest in China. Harvard Contemporary China. 15. Harvard University Press. pp. 199–200. ISBN 9780674041585.
^ a b James Jiann Hua To (2014). Qiaowu: Extra-Territorial Policies for the Overseas Chinese. Brill. p. 97. ISBN 9789004272286.
^ a b Denton, Kirk A. (2011). "Yan'an as a Site of Memory". In Marc Andre Matten (ed.). Places of Memory in Modern China: History, Politics, and Identity. Leiden Series in Comparative Historiography. 5. Brill. p. 268. ISBN 9789004219014. An article in the anti-Communist, Falun Gong Epoch Times claims, without citing any sources, that Zhang's death was the result of an accident involving opium use.
^ Rod McGuirk (November 21, 2016). "Lawyers take Chinese organ-harvesting claims to Australia". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
^ Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (June 25, 2015). "H.Res.343 – Expressing concern regarding persistent and credible reports of systematic, state-sanctioned organ harvesting from non-consenting prisoners of conscience in the People's Republic of China, including from large numbers of Falun Gong practitioners and members of other religious and ethnic minority groups". congress.gov. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
^ "Chinese Communist Party Subverts Democracies and Rights Abroad". The Epoch Times. September 10, 2009. Retrieved December 18, 2009.
^ "Editor's Note on Coverage of John Liu: Uncovering a hidden threat". September 10, 2009.
^ "John Liu and the United Front". The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 18, 2009.
^ Greenaway, Norma (August 3, 2010). "Liberals decry secrecy around CSIS report". Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on August 5, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
^ "Chinese-Canadian leader laments spy agency allegations". Vancourier.com. July 29, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
^ a b Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian, The German Edition of the Falun Gong-Affiliated The Epoch Times Aligns with the Far Right, China File (September 23, 2017).
^ a b c "The Epoch Times Really, Really Loves The Trump Administration". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
^ a b "A Letter to Our Readers Regarding BuzzFeed's Reporting About The Epoch Times". www.theepochtimes.com. October 23, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
^ a b "The Chinese Press Battles For Hearts And Minds Abroad"
^ "UFO Sightings on the Rise in China, With More Predicted"
^ "12 Million-Year-Old Vehicle Tracks Found in Stone, Claims Geologist"
^ ""Supernormal Abilities Developed Through Meditation: Dr. Dean Radin Discusses "". Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
^ "Mental Clarity During Near-Death Experiences Suggests Mind Exists Apart From Brain: Study"
^ "More Than 1,000 Scientists Dissent From Darwinism"
^ "The ‘Consensus’ on Climate Change"
^ To, James Jiann Hua (2014). Qiaowu: Extra-Territorial Policies for the Overseas Chinese. BRILL. p. 180. ISBN 9789004272286.
^ Herschensohn, Bruce (2006). Taiwan: The Threatened Democracy. WND Books. p. 99. ISBN 9780977898428.
^ "The Epoch Times Really, Really Loves The Trump Administration". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
^ "Trump Said to Describe The Epoch Times as 'Most Credible Newspaper'". www.theepochtimes.com. April 16, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
^ Nakamura, David; Shih, Gerry (September 18, 2018). "White House reviews incident involving The Epoch Times photographer handing a folder to Trump". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. The photographer, identified by other photojournalists as Samira Bouaou, passed the purple-colored folder to Trump as he was walking out of the East Room on Sept. 12 after delivering remarks at a reception for the Congressional Medal of Honor Society.
^ "The Epoch Times Really, Really Loves The Trump Administration". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
^ The Epoch Times Dec 26, 2004 (December 26, 2004). "Part 8: On How the Chinese Communist Party Is an Evil Cult". The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 18, 2009.
^ Gossett, Sherrie (June 15, 2005). "Independent Chinese Newspaper Bucks Communists". aim.org. Accuracy in Media. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
^ "Quitting the CCP". The Epoch Times.
^ "Paper denies representing Falun Gong". Religionnewsblog.com. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
^ University, Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs at Georgetown. "David Ownby". berkleycenter.georgetown.edu. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Epoch Times.
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Question: There are 20 birds in a tree. A man comes and shoots one of the birds. How many birds are left?
Answer: None, because all the birds flew away after hearing the gun shot.
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Maafa 21: Black Genocide in 21st Century America is an anti-abortion documentary film made in 2009 by pro-life activist Mark Crutcher to turn African Americans against Planned Parenthood. The film, which has been enthusiastically received by anti-abortion activists, argues that the modern-day prevalence of abortion among African Americans is rooted in an attempted genocide or maafa of black people. Considered propaganda by journalist Michelle Goldberg and historian Esther Katz, the film fits into a pro-life advertising campaign aimed at African Americans, to argue against abortion and birth control.
The film repeats elements of an American conspiracy theory called black genocide, using many of the same arguments as the Black Panther Party and the Nation of Islam in the early 1970s. It misuses statistics to induce in the viewer a fear of birth control and abortion. The film alleges that the eugenics movement targeted African Americans in the 19th and 20th centuries, that this was the basis for the creation of the American Birth Control League (now Planned Parenthood) by Margaret Sanger, and that this kind of race genocide continued in the form of the abortion-rights movement of the 20th and 21st centuries. The film puts forward the idea that Sanger was a racist who worked to reduce the population of blacks, and that Planned Parenthood is continuing this program. Sanger is implicated as an ally of Nazism and Adolf Hitler.
Critics have countered many of the film's points, arguing that Sanger was not a racist, that the eugenics movement was not especially focused on African Americans, that black women were largely in favor of birth control and were having abortions long before it became legal, and that instead of being a plot by Planned Parenthood, the high rate of abortion among African Americans comes from a correspondingly high rate of unplanned pregnancies. Esther Katz, director of NYU's Margaret Sanger Papers Project, has stated that the film presents a false depiction of Sanger's views and works. The film does not tell the viewer that Hitler banned birth control and abortion after he gained power.
The title comes from the Swahili term "maafa," which means tragedy or disaster and is used to describe the centuries of global oppression of African people during slavery, apartheid and colonial rule, while the number "21" refers to an alleged maafa in the 21st century (though beginning in the 19th), which the film says is the disproportionately high rate of abortion among African Americans. According to the film, Margaret Sanger, Planned Parenthood's founder, was racist, that she wanted to wipe out, or at least greatly diminish, the black race, and that she set in place a program to make this happen; a program which is being continued in the 21st century by Planned Parenthood. The film implies that African American women were forced by Sanger and the eugenicists to have abortions. Frank N. Carlson says that the film presents a continual stream of assertions which viewers find difficult to comprehend in total. A photo of Adolf Hitler appears in the film, presented as one of Sanger's "natural allies", and aborted babies are compared to Holocaust victims. The film states that abortion has reduced the black population in the United States by 25 percent. It discusses some of Planned Parenthood's origins (formerly the American Birth Control League), attributing to it a "150-year-old goal of exterminating the black population." The film features conservative African Americans, including politician Stephen Broden, and Martin Luther King, Jr.'s niece Alveda King, who claims that Sanger targeted black people.
The film was released on June 15, 2009, and the premiere screening was held on June 18, 2009, on the eve of Juneteenth, at the United States Capitol Visitor Center.
Anti-abortion reviewers have generally embraced the film, while other reviewers have often criticized its attribution of racist views to family planning activists and its claims that attempt to link family planning to genocide.
Pro-life activists in Knoxville, Tennessee have praised the film as a "valuable tool for discourse" against abortion. MovieGuide, an online database of movie reviews that uses a "Biblical perspective" in reviewing films for families, gave Maafa 21 a "quality rating" of "excellent" (4 out of 4 stars), describing it as a "very carefully reasoned, well-produced exposé of the abortion industry, racism and eugenics" and says that it "proves through innumerable sources that the founders of Planned Parenthood and other parts of the abortion movement were interested in killing off the black race in America and elsewhere." Religious online news source Catholic.net also found Maafa 21 convincing, saying it "shows the connection from slavery and eugenics to birth control, abortion and black genocide today."
Loretta J. Ross, author of "African-American Women and Abortion: A Neglected History" and founder of several human rights and reproductive justice organizations, wrote that Maafa 21 is a "pseudo-documentary" by white anti-abortion activists, and that, rather than being racial suicide, family planning formed part of a "racial uplift strategy" supported by African-American leaders and black women, as they believed that in smaller families, each child could have a better opportunity.
Marcy Darnovsky, associate executive director of the Center for Genetics and Society, wrote that the film is a "shockumentary" used to support the activities of the black pro-life movement.
The Liberator Magazine, an independent magazine about African diasporic culture, gave the film a mixed review. The reviewer said that the film "does a good job of placing the Eugenics movement into a larger historical context" but that "one gets the impression that the point [of the film] isn't so much about saving black people, but furthering a political agenda" against abortion, using emotional manipulation to do so. A similar response came from Harold Middlebrook, pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of East Knoxville and "a widely respected civil-rights leader." While rejecting the idea that Maafa 21 will have a lasting impact on African American culture, largely due to his apprehensions of the sincerity of the film's producers, Middlebrook said that he "believes the theory that Planned Parenthood may be attempting to limit black births to increase white dominance."
The film presents a continual stream of assertions which viewers find difficult to comprehend in total. Instead, viewers are left with several impressions: that Sanger was racist, that she wanted to wipe out the black race, and that she set in place a program to make this happen; a program which is being continued in the 21st century by Planned Parenthood. The film implies that African American women were forced by Sanger and the eugenicists to have abortions. A photo of Adolf Hitler appears in the film, presented as one of Sanger's "natural allies", and aborted babies are compared to victims of the Holocaust.
Critics of the film have countered many points made in it. They describe how Sanger was not racist and was instead much more sympathetic than many of her peers to the plight of the black race. They say that there were racist people on both sides of the eugenics debate in the early 20th century. They show that the eugenics movement in the US was little concerned with African Americans, having a much greater interest in limiting Hispanics and Asians. They describe how Sanger wanted birth control, abortion and sterilization to be made available to anybody who wished to have it, without regard to race. Critics show how African Americans, especially women, were largely in favor of birth control being made more available to them, and that black women had been inducing their own abortions from the earliest days of American slavery. Conservative pro-life activist Alveda King appears in the film; Loretta J. Ross writes that the presence of King is a co-opting of the legacy of her liberal uncle, the famous civil rights leader, Martin Luther King, Jr., who was very much in favor of birth control made more available to blacks.
It is certainly true that a higher percentage of African American women have abortions–about 40% of the pregnancies of black women end as induced abortion. Using data from 2009, black women had 477 abortions for every 1,000 live births, while Hispanics had 195 abortions per 1,000 live births, and whites had 140 abortions per 1,000 live births. Critics have said that this much higher rate of abortion among African Americans comes directly from a correspondingly high rate of unplanned pregnancies, which is in turn caused by very poor access to birth control among blacks. The film asserts that Planned Parenthood targets black neighborhoods, but Planned Parenthood has said that only 5.8% of its clinics are in communities that have a majority of African American residents.
Esther Katz, editor and director of the Margaret Sanger Papers Project (MSPP) at New York University, said that quotes and actions attributed to Sanger are taken out of context in order to claim that she had a racist agenda. Katz said that Sanger "certainly didn't want to wipe out the black race", and that it is "stupid" to argue otherwise. Katz acknowledges that Sanger "made mistakes" in her campaign for birth control and that debating her role in the eugenics movement would be "reasonable". The online blog for the MSPP which Katz edits describes the film as "propaganda." Journalist Michelle Goldberg called it "dishonest propaganda".
The eugenics movement in the US certainly targeted African Americans, but the film falsely implies that this was the main thrust of eugenics. Instead, a far greater effort was made by American eugenicists to limit the populations of Asian immigrants, Mexican immigrants, and Mexican Americans. The film quotes leading eugenicist Charles Davenport making a racist statement, but then the film fails to inform the viewer that Davenport was against birth control. As well, the film does not tell the viewer that Hitler banned abortion and birth control for ethnic Germans.
^ a b c d e f "Smear-n-Fear". Margaret Sanger Papers Project. April 2010. Archived from the original on November 2, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
^ Dewan, Shaila (February 26, 2010). "To Court Blacks, Foes of Abortion Make Racial Case". NYTimes.com. Manhattan, NY: The New York Times Company.
^ a b Holloway, Lynette (March 15, 2010). "Some Black Pro-Lifers Say Abortion Is Genocide". TheRoot.com. online magazine: The Washington Post Company. Archived from the original on September 15, 2012.
^ a b c d e f g h i Goldberg, Michelle (March 9, 2010). "Anti-Choice Doc Aims to Link Reproductive Rights to 'Black Genocide'". Religious Dispatches. Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism, University of Southern California.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Carlson, Frank N. (June 2, 2010). "Anti-abortionists Accuse Knoxville Planned Parenthood of 'Black Genocide'". MetroPulse. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011.
^ a b c d e f g h Solomon, Akiba (May 2, 2013). "The Missionary Movement to 'Save' Black Babies". Colorlines.
^ Kumeh, Titania (October 12, 2010). "Conspiracy Watch: Is Abortion Black Genocide?". Mother Jones.
^ a b c d Dewan, Shaila (February 26, 2010). "To Court Blacks, Foes of Abortion Make Racial Case". The New York Times.
^ a b c d Ross, Loretta J. (Winter 2011). "Fighting the Black Anti-Abortion Campaign: Trusting Black Women". On The Issues.
^ Rev. LeFlore III, Ceasar I. (January 10, 2010). "An Interview with Mark Crutcher". Freedom's Journal Magazine (FreedomsJournal.net). Matteson, IL: Wallace Multimedia Group LLC. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014.
^ a b c Kearse, Stephen (February 26, 2010). "Rage, of the Black variety: A Critical Response to Maafa 21". The Black Tongue. Retrieved July 27, 2014. Kearse cites historian Alexandra Minna Stern writing in Eugenic Nation, University of California Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0520244443.
^ MovieGuide. "Let My People Live". MovieGuide.org. Archived from the original on September 22, 2012. Retrieved August 20, 2012.
^ Catholic.net. "Maafa21 Black Genocide in 21st Century America". Catholic.net. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
^ a b Ross, Loretta J. (Fall 1992). "African-American Women and Abortion: A Neglected History" (PDF). Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 3 (2): 274–284. ISSN 1049-2089.
^ Darnovsky, Marcy (April 7, 2011). "Behind the New Arizona Abortion Ban". Biopolitical Times. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
^ Black Yoda (June 2010). "Maafa 21: black genocide in America (film review)". The Liberator Magazine. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
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A life long geek fan. My progression can be charted as thus: 1) my childhood love of dinosaurs. Brontosaurus, my all time favorite, was like a prehistoric version of a dog! 2) original Jonny Quest cartoon show - robot spider and invisible paint monster gave me nightmares 3) Garry Anderson marionette puppet shows - especially FireBall XL-5 4) Lost In Space 5) Star Trek All of these instilled a sense of wonder and joy of exploration that lead to reading and eventually to my desire to create my own as cool as worlds.
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Solve the mysterious murder in this puzzle game.
Is there a better alternative to Dark Alleys: Penumbra Motel CE?
Is Dark Alleys: Penumbra Motel CE really the best app in Puzzle category?
Will Dark Alleys: Penumbra Motel CE work good on macOS 10.13.4?
In Dark Alleys: Penumbra Motel CE, during a road trip your friend's daughter is kidnapped by a mysterious man at the Penumbra Motel, the scene of murder and strange occurrences 50 years ago. You must head into the heart of madness to not only find the girl, but unravel the mystery haunting the descendants of the Penumbra family and the Motel grounds.
Version 1.0.1.1: Release notes were unavailable when this listing was updated.
Dark Alleys: Penumbra Motel CE needs a review. Be the first to review this app and get the discussion started!
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Operetta is a genre of the performing arts, related to opera, but lighter in terms of both music and subject matter. Because it is closely related to both opera and also to musical theater, in many cases, it is difficult to differentiate between them. The term began as a label for stage works that were shorter or otherwise less ambitious than full scale operas, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Operetta became hugely popular in America in the nineteenth century, in no small part thanks to works by the likes of Gilbert and Sullivan and Johann Strauss. In addition, the operetta is the precursor of modern musical theater.
Operettas have had a vast impact on western culture. They have made opera, a typically dense and epic form of entertainment, available to the common public and accessible and enjoyable to all. They have influenced the development of later musical styles, particularly the Broadway musical, originating in New York, which has now gained popularity around the world, outstripping both opera and operetta. All of these forms, opera, musicals, and operetta, contribute to mankind's quality of life by providing beauty, inspiration, and thought-provoking and educational scenes to enrich each viewer's life experience.
A scene from the Italian operetta Il paese dei campanelli.
Normally, in an operetta, some of the libretto is spoken rather than sung. Instead of moving directly from one musical number to another, the singers are given periods dialogue interspersed between the musical segments, which are performed without any singing or musical accompaniment, though sometimes musical themes are played quietly under the dialogue. Some operettas include passages of recitative, a style of semi-sung, semi-spoken text used in light opera between the musical numbers.
Operettas are often considered less "serious" than operas, although this has more to do with the often comic (or even farcical) plots than with the caliber of the music. Topical satire is a feature common to many operettas, although this is also true of some more serious operas as well. Formerly, opera expressed politics in code in some countries, such as France; for example, the circumstances of the title character in the opera Robert le diable was a code for the parental conflict and resolution of the king of France at its first performance.
Operetta is a precursor of the modern musical comedy. At the same time, it has continued to exist alongside the newer form—with each influencing the other. There is a fundamental but subtle distinction between the two forms—and this distinction is quite useful, provided one recognizes that nothing about the definition is clear, simple, or unambiguous.
Photo from the 1906 production of Victor Herbert's The Red Mill.
Most operettas can be described as light operas with acting, whereas most musicals are closer to being plays with singing. This can best be seen in the performers chosen in the two forms. The cast of an operetta will normally be classically trained opera singers; indeed, there is essentially no difference between the scores for an opera and an operetta, except for the operetta's lightness, and the dialogue segments between the numbers. A musical is more likely to be cast with actors who sing, usually not in an operatic style. The actors in a musical are also often required to dance.
No matter how the distinction is drawn between operetta and musical, there are bound to be exceptions. W.S. Gilbert, for example, said that he preferred to use actors who could sing for his operetta productions, while opera singers have appeared on Broadway, for example Ezio Pinza, a great Don Giovanni, appeared in the Broadway musical South Pacific. In addition, there are features of operetta vocal style in Kern's musical, Show Boat (1927), Bernstein's Candide, and Walt Disney's animated Snow White (1937), among others.
French composer Jacques Offenbach was a leading force in the early days of the operetta.
Operetta grew out of the French opéra comique around the middle of the nineteenth century, to satisfy a need for short, light works to contrast with the full-length entertainment of the increasingly serious opéra comique. By this time the "comique" part of the genre name had become misleading: Carmen (1875) is an example of an opéra comique with a tragic plot. Opéra comique had dominated the French operatic stage since the decline of tragédie lyrique.
Though Jacques Offenbach is usually credited with having written the first operettas, such as his La belle Hélène (1864), Ernest Newman remarked that the credit should really go to one Hervé, a singer, composer, librettist, conductor, and scene painter, whose real name was Florimond Ronger (1825-1892). "But it was Offenbach who took up the genre and gave it its enormous vogue during the Second Empire and afterwards." Robert Planquette, André Messager, and others carried on this tradition.
The most significant composer of operetta in the German language was the Austrian Johann Strauss, Jr. (1825-1899). His first work in this genre was Indigo und die vierzig Räuber (1871). It was his third operetta, Die Fledermaus (1874), which became the most performed operetta in the world and remained his most popular stage work. Its libretto was based on a comedy written by Offenbach's librettists. In fact, Strauss may have been convinced to write the operetta by Offenbach himself although it is now suggested that it may have been his first wife, Henrietta Treffz who repeatedly encouraged Strauss to try his hand at writing for the theater. In all, he wrote 16 operettas and one opera in his lifetime, mostly with great success when first premiered although they are now largely forgotten, since his later librettists were not very talented and he worked for some of the time independent of the plot. His operettas, waltzes, polkas, and marches often have a strongly Viennese style and his great popularity has caused many to think of him as the national composer of Austria. In fact, when his stage works were first performed, the Theater an der Wien never failed to draw huge crowds, and after many of the numbers the audience would noisily call for encores.
Franz von Suppé, a contemporary of Strauss, closely modeled his operettas after Offenbach. The Viennese tradition was carried on by Franz Lehár, Oscar Straus, Carl Zeller, Karl Millöcker, Leo Fall, Richard Heuberger, Edmund Eysler, Ralph Benatzky, Robert Stolz, Emmerich Kálmán, Nico Dostal, and Sigmund Romberg in the twentieth century.
The height of English-language operetta (at the time known in England as comic opera to distinguish it from French or German operetta) was reached by Gilbert and Sullivan, who had a long-running collaboration in England during the Victorian era. With W.S. Gilbert writing the libretto and Sir Arthur Sullivan composing the music, the pair produced 14 "comic operas" together, most of which were enormously popular in both Britain and elsewhere, especially the United States, and remain popular to this day. Works such as H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance, and The Mikado continue to enjoy regular performances and even some film adaptations. These comic operas influenced the later American operettas, such as those by Victor Herbert, and musical comedy.
English operetta continued into the twentieth century, with works by composers such as Edward German, Lionel Monckton, and Harold Fraser-Simson—but increasingly these took on features of musical comedy until the distinction between an "old fashioned musical" and a "modern operetta" became very blurred indeed. Old fashioned British musicals, in particular, retained an "operetta-ish" flavor well into the 1950s. More modern operettas include Candide and, some would claim, musicals like Brigadoon.
A late twentieth century renewal of the importance of recitative and serious musical composing developed in rock operas such as Andrew Lloyd Webber's Jesus Christ, Superstar, Evita, and Phantom of the Opera have rearranged the elements of opera, operetta and musical theater in yet another way, yielding works with music more like an operetta than a musical, serious plot lines more typical of a standard opera than an operetta, yet performed primarily by artists with musical theater backgrounds, in musical theater venues.
A scene from Ralph Benatsky's operetta, The White Horse Inn.
The exact structure of an operetta is difficult to pin down, mostly because of its loose definition. It is useful, however, to point out some of the things that define the differences between an operetta, a Broadway-style musical and a standard opera. In an opera, the drama is carried along by the music and singing. Operas usually emphasize an epic, grand style, with more emphasis on singing than acting. Operettas, on the other hand, tend to have dialogue broken up by musical numbers. An operetta is almost casual in comparison, and the singing style is very different. Many operettas can be performed by average or fair singers, whereas most operas cannot.
Operetta does not ask much of its audience, in contrast with opera, which is often hard to understand unless one is familiar with the story beforehand. Operettas are romantic, and nearly always promise a happy ending. The score is accessible and soaring, with the tenor and soprano taking center stage and a supporting cast that includes comedians and a large male chorus. The setting is often an exotic European country or a mythic utopia—or often, a combination of the two. And the plots usually center around aristocratic, farcical, love stories.
While operettas may have become much less common after World War I, replaced by the more popular musicals, they have yet to disappear completely. Indeed, the Toronto Operetta Theatre, founded in 1985, continues to produce classical operetta featuring professional Canadian artists of exceptional talent. Their repertoire of the theater includes the music of Johann Strauss, Franz Lehar, and Gilbert and Sullivan—mainstays of operetta. In addition, the Victorian Operetta Society (VOS), based out of Northumberland County, Canada was founded in 1990. The VOS is a community theater group, drawing on a highly talented membership of actors, musicians, dancers, and singers to present professional quality operettas at Victoria Hall in Cobourg, Ontario. Similar organizations are not uncommon throughout the world, especially in English-speaking countries.
A case can also be made that operettas provide the missing link between operas and Broadway-style musicals. The operettas of Gilbert and Sullivan, for example, are interspersed with spoken dialogue and few, if any, of the original performers were professional opera singers. These traits are common in modern musicals to the point where it may become difficult to distinguish between modern musicals and classic operetta. And as such, operetta is a critical component in the evolution modern entertainment, in which it lives on.
↑ PBS, Operetta. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
↑ The Guide to Light Opera and Operetta, Guide to Composers. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
↑ Toronto Operetta Theatre, History. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
↑ Victorian Operetta Society, About Us. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
↑ MIT Gilbert and Sullivan Players, Gilbert and Sullivan. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
The Guide to Light Opera and Operetta, Introduction. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
This page was last modified on 21 December 2018, at 15:55.
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He was a central figure in the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. En esta se interpretó a sí mismo como un hombre homosexual del siglo XVIII interesado en el padre O' Malley — interpretado por Kirk Lazarus, personaje de Robert Downey Jr. Francis Ford Coppola ( / ˈ k oʊ p əl ə / ; born April 7 producer, 1939) is an American film director, screenwriter film composer. — en el tráiler de la falsa película Satan' s Alley. 《 大亨小傳》 （ 英語： The Great Gatsby ， 又譯《 了不起的蓋茨比》 ） ， 出版於1925年， 是美國作家法蘭西斯· 史考特· 費茲傑羅所寫的一部以1920年代的紐約市及長島為背景的中篇小說， 被視為美國文學「 爵士時代」 的象徵。.
The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F.
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Use the figure to answer the following question. Treehoppers (a type of insect) produce honeydew, which ants use for food. Treehoppers have a major predator, the jumping spider. Researchers hypothesized that the ants would protect the treehoppers from the spiders. In an experiment, researchers followed study plots with ants removed from the system and compared them to a control plot. From the figure, what can you conclude? a. Ants do somehow protect the treehoppers from spiders. b. Ants eat the honeydew produced by treehoppers. c. Ants reduce the numbers of treehoppers. d. No specific conclusions can be drawn from this figure.
The principle of competitive exclusion states that a. two species cannot coexist in the same habitat. b. competition between two species always causes extinction or emigration of one species. c. two species that have exactly the same niche cannot coexist in a community. d. two species will stop reproducing until one species leaves the habitat.
The sum total of an organism's interaction with the biotic and abiotic resources of its environment is called its _____. a. microclimax. b. habitat. c. logistic growth. d. biotic potential. e. ecological niche.
In their 2008 paper, Hanifin, Brodie, and Brodie looked at the co evolution of a newts (Taricha spp., top picture) and one of their potential predators, the common garter snake (Thamnopis sirtalis). The graph below shows the relationship between the amount of toxin in the skin of the newts and the garter snakes resistance to the toxin at a given location. The dashed line represents a reduction of 50% in the snake's health. Some locations may be considered co-evolutionary hot-spots, where reciprocal selection is strong Other locations are co-evolutionary cold spots, where the traits of one species don't match with the other and one species is "winning" the interaction. The letters on the graph represent 3 locations with snakes and newts.a. In which of the three locations (if any) is co-evolution strong? In which locations (if any) is the snake "winning"? In which locations (if any) is the newt winning? Explain your reasoning. b. What might be an explanation for the dynamics occurring in population A, where the newt hasn't evolved toxicity and the snake hasn't evolved resistance. In other words, what might prevent a co-evolutionary arms race from occurring in this system?
If cleaner fish consume both parasites and scales from larger fish, what would determine whether the interaction is best categorized as mutualism or parasitism?
Explain how ants and acacia trees fulfill the definition of a mutualistic relationship.
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Replicate our build with the instruction below, or use the same technique to make a different type of humanoid robot! Start out by making each individual finger. Connect 3 bars of length 5 using the connector peg with a handle. Attach the cross block forks to the underside of the base of each bar as shown below. Hot glue the half beams to the top of two of the 5 hole bars. These should be glued so that half of the black beam crosses over the joint. Repeat to construct 4 fingers.
Now, take each finger and use long tan connectors to attach a 13 long bar to either side of the finger, so that the top of the bar is connected to the very base of the finger. Cut off the two x shaped holes of the half triangle beam and hot glue it to the top of the 13 long bars so that it prevents the finger from moving past a vertical position. Do not glue the connector to the finger itself, it should still be able to rotate. Cut a rubber band and hot glue one end to the tip of the finger. Thread the band back along the top of the finger though the holes in the half beams glued to the top of each bar. Glue the other end of the band to the top of one of the 13-bars.
Use a axle to connect a cross block between the 13-bars just below the finger. The block should stick out on the underside of the finger.
Take a piece of string about twice as long as the finger. Thread it through the holes on the bottom of the finger starting with the cross block, up one side, though the hole at the end of the finger, and back down the other side to the cross block again. Thread an axle through the 13-bars and a grey bushing as shown. Hot glue the ends of the string to the bushing, careful not to glue anything to the 13-bars. Now, rotating the axle should bend the finger!
Connect all 4 fingers along the same axis so that they rotate in unison.
Now construct the thumb. Attatch a cross block to the underside of a motor with red connectors. Similar to the fingers, attatch a 5-long bar to a 7-long bar with a connector peg with a handle. Add two cross block forks and hot glue a half block to the top of the 5 bar. Attatch the base of the finger to the motor with a connector peg with axle. Use a double connector peg to attacht the motor to the side of the hand, so that the axle can be attatched to the motor. Thread a rubber band through the half block and glue it to ends of the thumb. Tie a piece of string to one hole in the lowest cross block fork and thread it up and back down the thumb through the cross block forks. Take the end and hot glue it to a bushing on the primary axle, just before the motor.
Your hand is complete! Attatch the motor to an EV3 brick and create a program to spin the motor and the hand will close!
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An outstanding sequal of 'Slime vs. Mushroom'. As the war of mushrooms and slimes lasted for a long time, they developed their skills to cope with. Someday there was a big conflict between them, as a result the leader of slime village was killed in the battle. Without the leader, they were defeated terribly in many battles and faced the hard situation. Please be a wise leader of slime tribe and save your slime friends. Your mission is to defend slime village from evil mushrooms by placing various slimes with their capabilities in best strategic positions. [How to play] - Gather slime points by touching or dragging baby slimes from productive slimes(Mom slime/Twin mom slime) before mushroom corps attack. - Build up impregnable defenses with various slimes by placing them in best strategic positions. - The longer time passes, the stronger attack you will be face with. - Productive slimes sometimes produce diamonds instead of baby slimes, you can scout new talent slimes or upgrade them with diamonds. [Features] - Absorbing 140 stages. - Simple and easy operations. - Cute characters in the game.
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What is arugula exactly, and what goes in an arugula salad? Arugula (which has the scientific plant name Eruca sativa) is a leafy green and a member of the Brassica family of cruciferous vegetables, which includes a variety of plants that have protective properties. (1) For example, the arugula plant is known to be an excellent source of anticancer phytochemicals that fight free radical damage and slow the aging process.
Arugula salad is just what the name implies: a salad made with arugula (most often baby arugula) and typically other ingredients, like tomatoes, cheese, etc.
The arugula plant, like many other vegetables in the cruciferous family, contains glucosinolates. These are key phytonutrients believed to act against cancer cells. When you chew this leafy green, these compounds mix with a digestive enzyme called myrosinase that turns them into other cancer-fighting nutrients known as isothiocyanates. (3) Isothiocyanates have been shown to have anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. (4) This makes arugula a great addition to a healing diet since it may help prevent against age-related diseases.
What is arugula beneficial for when it comes to eye health? It can help protect your eyes from age-related disorders because it’s a great source of protective carotenoid antioxidants. These special compounds have been extensively researched in relation to their ability to prevent macular degeneration, one of the leading causes of blindness in older adults.
Arugula may help prevent macular degeneration because it’s high in carotenoids like beta-carotene, leutin and zeaxanthin. These are known to protect the retina, cornea and other delicate parts of the eyes from UV damage and other effects. (8, 9) According to studies, lutein and zeaxanthin may also protect your eyes by absorbing damaging blue light.
In fact, some experts feel that vitamin K builds bones better than calcium to a certain extent. It’s thought to be a key player in developing a strong skeletal system. This is why studies show that people who consume more vitamin K have added protection against bone fractures and osteoporosis.
Does arugula help you lose weight? Like other leafy greens, it can be useful for promoting a healthy weight because it’s a nutrient-dense, low-calorie food. In fact, it has less than 20 calories per cup but loads of antioxidants.
Because people tend to eat more than one cup of leafy greens at a time, arugula is essentially a superfood for weight loss and a great way to obtain plenty of vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients while still sticking to a low-calorie diet overall. Leafy greens provide detoxifying nutrients and dietary fiber, which help fill you up, prevent deficiencies and provide ongoing energy.
Additionally, arugula is a hydrating food that helps nourish the digestive tract. Regularly eating leafy greens is one way to help prevent constipation and improve the health of the gut lining, colon, intestines and other digestive organs.
Although people tend to only eat arugula leaves and not the seeds of the plant, clinical research confirms that plant extracts taken from the seeds help fight blood sugar fluctuations. A diet high in green vegetables is thought to be a type of natural diabetes treatment since it improves insulin responsiveness.
Eating the raw leaves can also provide defense against UV skin damage and slow signs of aging skin, since its antioxidants fight cell proliferation and protect skin’s elasticity, immunity and appearance.
Arugula contains folate, a very important B vitamin that helps prevent neural tube defects in unborn babies and reduces the buildup of a harmful blood chemical called homocysteine. It’s also a good way to obtain manganese and prevent calcium deficiency. In fact, arugula is similar in terms of calcium quantity to spinach nutrition but has fewer mineral-blocking oxalates.
This means that less calcium is inhibited, and your body can actually absorb and use more.
As you can see from the benefits described above, many studies show that frequently eating brassica vegetables can provide protection against chronic diseases. Cruciferous veggies are associated with a lower risk for obesity, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders and heart disease. What’s even better is that arugula benefits can easily come in a double dose since it’s easy to eat more than one cup at a time of this leafy green.
In addition, this leafy green contains some iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and choline.
The arugula plant is native to the Mediterranean region, where it’s been eaten for centuries. Records show that it has been widely consumed in parts of Italy and around the Middle East since the first century A.D. At the time, part of a typical Roman meal was to serve a healing salad made with arugula, romaine lettuce, chicory, mallow and lavender.
Many centuries ago, benefits of arugula nutrition were already appreciated, especially when people ate the seeds in addition to the raw leaves. It was actually thought of as a medicinal plant just as much as a food. In traditional medicinal practices across the Mediterranean, Turkey, Lebanon and Syria, the seeds were used for flavoring oils and had widespread benefits — from working as a natural infertility treatment to improving skin problems and digestion. In India, the leaves of the plant weren’t even eaten, but the oil was commonly pressed from them to produce taramira, a medicinal and cosmetic tincture blend.
In Traditional Chinese Medicine, an important aspect of nutritional therapy — which is often seen as essential for treating common pathologies based on qi deficiency or blood deficiency — is eating fresh vegetables, especially green and cruciferous veggies. (19) Cruciferous vegetables are viewed as important for liver function and digestion. They are said to help to nourish the spleen and stomach, aiding in absorption of nutrients, and to support the liver in removing waste from the body. They are also recommended to improve lung function and aid in balance of qi and yin, helping reduce conditions like phlegm, dryness, wind heat, wind cold and toxic heat.
As a member of the Brassica family of cruciferous vegetables, arugula is related to vegetables like broccoli, bok choy, cabbage, kale and Swiss chard.
Kale is one of the healthiest foods available, with exceptional nutritional value per calorie. Compared to kale, arugula has more calcium but less vitamin K, vitamin A and vitamin C.
Is spinach or arugula better for you? While both greens have a lot to offer, spinach nutrition is one of the best vegetable sources of calcium (although collard greens have even more), potassium, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin K and folate.
In order to obtain a variety of antioxidants and plenty and nutrients, it’s a good idea to eat different greens throughout the week or to mix several types together.
How do you make the best arugula salad? Due to their appealing taste, baby arugula leaves are the kind most often used in salads, sometimes mixed with other greens in a mesclun mix. You can find the fresh, baby leaves (also sometimes called young arugula) at almost all grocery stores and at farmers markets in the spring and summer months. Older leaves are also edible and used around the world too, although they’re less available in the U.S. They have a slightly more bitter taste and are usually cooked.
Look for greens that aren’t wilted or spotted in color. Since it tends to be a delicate vegetable, try consuming it within a few days of buying it. After buying this vegetable, keep the leaves dry and wrapped up inside a damp paper towel in the refrigerator.
What does arugula salad taste like? It has a signature, somewhat strong, “peppery” flavor. Many people find that this provides a natural cooling effect on the body, which is indicative of many foods harvested in spring — as this leafy green vegetable is.
Arugula tastes great either raw or cooked, so there are loads of ways to add some to recipes you already enjoy. The greens can even be finely chopped and used in place of other herbs like parsley or cilantro.
You can try adding wilted arugula to pastas, side dishes made with whole grains, sandwiches, wraps and soups. Its flavor goes well with goat cheese, balsamic vinaigrette, tomatoes, olive oil and garlic, which is why it’s sometimes blended into dips or spreads similar to pesto.
If you have some favorite recipes that use watercress or spinach, you can substitute this leafy green instead for a similar peppery taste and texture.
Some uses for arugula around the world that might inspire you? In Italy, raw arugula is commonly added to pizzas or for making the pasta dish cavatiéddi, which calls for wilted arugula along with tomato sauce and pecorino cheese. It’s also used to infuse olive oil combined with garlic to make a heart-healthy condiment for cold meats and fish. In other parts of the world like Slovenia, it’s boiled with potatoes, used in soup or served with cheese.
Use a balsamic arugula salad dressing, such as the one in this Balsamic Peaches and Goat Cheese Salad Recipe, to make the flavor of baby arugula pop.
The arugula plant has a long history of use in many different cuisines and was even mentioned in several religious texts, including the Bible. It’s also referred to in Jewish texts, such as the Mishna and Talmud, that date back to the first through fifth centuries A.D.
Thousands of years ago, Romans found that those who ate it more frequently often experienced better health and were more sexually energized, perhaps because this vegetable helps improve circulation, blocks toxic environmental effects that can lower libido and has stimulating, energizing qualities.
Arugula isn’t known to be a common allergen or to cause side effects or reactions in many people. And because it’s such a low-calorie, low-sugar vegetable, it’s virtually impossible to overeat these greens. Although it’s a cruciferous vegetable, it’s low in chemical compounds that can potentially interfere with thyroid function (as some veggies can when eaten in high quantities), so there seems to be very little risk in eating it no matter what your current level of health is.
Arugula (Eruca sativa) is a leafy green and a member of the Brassica family of cruciferous vegetables, which always includes veggies like kale and swiss chard.
It is a good source of nutrients, including vitamin K, vitamin A, folate and antioxidants, such as the carotenoids called lutein and zeaxanthin. It’s a very low-calorie food, with less than 20 calories per serving.
Benefits include fighting cancer, protecting the eyes and skin, maintaining strong bones, supporting weight loss, improving digestion, preventing diabetes, and protecting the skin. Throughout history, it was also known to be a natural aphrodisiac.
This leafy green vegetable has a peppery taste and can be eaten either raw or cooked, so there are loads of ways to add some to recipes you already enjoy.
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Drunk Elephant has taken skincare by storm, securing the top three best-selling spots on Sephora in an unusually short amount of time.
Customers love Drunk Elephant's mix of natural superfoods like Virgin Marula Oil and 'clean actives.' Instead of being entirely natural, Drunk Elephant uses safe synthetics combined with the best natural ingredients to make effective, non-irritating skincare.
Their newest lotion, The Protini, was designed to act like your skin's very own protein powder, facilitating healthy cell production without disrupting your body's natural processes.
I've been using The Protini for the last couple months, and I love it. It absorbs quickly, effectively moisturizes, and doesn't irritate my sensitive combination skin.
If you don't regularly skulk around Sephora online, you might have missed the buzz that skincare wunderkind Drunk Elephant has generated in the past few years — almost entirely infiltrating the site's top five best-sellers. And if you do regularly skulk online for emerging beauty trends, you'll probably already know them for their famous Allure Best of Beauty-winning 20-minute at-home facial.
The company makes non-toxic, clinically effective skincare that's infused with ingredients like Virgin Marula Oil, 'clean actives', and healthy superfood extracts. They'll only use clean ingredients, and they'll only add what either makes your skin objectively healthier or supports the integrity and effectiveness of the formula.
If you took the company's messaging and customer reviews and melted them down into what you could call a summary, it would be that Drunk Elephant is trying to make smarter skincare products that marry Mother Nature's best helpers with science's best clinically-proven ingredients. Instead of trying to reinvent themselves to be all one thing (think "all organic" products that are maybe a little underwhelming), they choose each ingredient based on its safety and biocompatibility rather than its synthetic or natural status. They'll never use any controversial or iffy synthetics, or the "suspicious 6" (silicones, chemical screens, perfumes, sodium lauryl sulfate, essential oils, or drying alcohols), but they do focus on pH and toxicity and make sure that any active ingredients are at levels that mean they will actually work.
Using the best of both scientific and natural worlds sounds logical, and not using any questionable fragrances/dyes and drying alcohols or chemicals sounds nice, but all that wouldn't really matter if the products themselves weren't great — especially at a price point that comes in well under super-luxe names like La Mer but is by no means cheap.
Their newest lotion — The Protini ($68)— was founder Tiffany Masterson's response to her mother's request to address "every collagen concern she'd ever had". As a self-described health and wellness nut, Masterson's first thought was of the protein powder she uses in smoothies to increase muscle support. As Masterson told Allure, she wanted to create a product that would do basically the same thing for skin: "maintain, create more, and prevent the breakdown of skin's existing collagen." This sort of analogy isn't so far off for the skincare line at large, or for Masterson, who said she thinks of skincare products as "food for skin" — explaining that she likes to mix together products from her line like ingredients in that aforementioned daily smoothie for different 'meals'. The Protini, the newest lotion, is Masterson's 'pump of protein' morning and night.
After only a few months, it's become the #1 best-seller in skincare on Sephora, followed by two other Drunk Elephant products (the famous 20-minute facial that put them on the map, and the C-Firma Day Serum) before the $170 La Mer, Crème de la Mer, which takes fourth place.
So what's in The Protini, and how does it work?
The Protini lotion is made of nine plant-derived peptide growth factors and is designed with the help of parent 1: Nature and parent 2: Science, in order to mimic human peptides. The end result is a cocktail of amino acids, signal peptides, and (safe) synthetic growth factors, plus enough emollient ingredients to give it all a creamy texture that "melts right into your skin to make it hydrated, bouncy, and balanced." Or, in other words, the natural and synthetic ingredients in Protini help encourage your skin's own healthy cell turnover without disrupting your body's natural system, so even as we lose collagen with age, the superfood Masterson has mixed up will support your skin's collagen production. It's protein- and nutrient-rich, and it's kept at a pH level of 4.0 so the formula remains effective.
Like previous Drunk Elephant products, The Protini comes in an airtight container with a pump that dispenses a dime-size amount of lotion at a time, which is especially helpful for portioning (this stuff isn't cheap, don't use it all at once) and keeping the rest of the product from being contaminated.
I can only speak for my personal experience with Protini (though I found Allure's breakdown of the science and Sephora customer reviews helpful in my own research), but I have loved using this lotion. My skincare routine is diverse and regularly changing thanks to my job, but alongside Cerave and H2O+, Drunk Elephant is a company I keep returning to, and (thus far) I have not let been down by. My home cabinet has more from their line than any other, and I recommend it more than any other to my friends when they ask for help shopping. I've never heard anything but positive feedback, usually in the form of a "this stuff is so great" text a few weeks later. My older sister, (who has similar skin, of course), is the most recent person to send me this message.
For reference, my combination skin is sensitive and irritable, and one of the main things that I so love about Drunk Elephant products is that they can actually be effective (moisturizing and clearing) without upsetting my skin's precarious balance. Thick moisturizers may take care of dryness for me, but they ultimately look greasy after a few hours sitting on top of my skin, clog pores, and, more than likely, act like a sticky pad for all the gross stuff floating around in the New York City air. Thinner moisturizers don't have those issues, but they don't really address dryness, so what's the point? The Protini, on the other hand, feels like my skin but better, rather than my skin plus a layer of lotion on top. I love it because it moisturizes my skin well, but I might love it more for how quickly and totally it's absorbed. I can wake up after my alarm clock and still afford to put on moisturizer because in a few minutes it will have been completely absorbed, and I don't need to wait around and fan my face for 20 minutes.
I wish the Drunk Elephant products were less expensive (which goes for the industry at large), but I truly love using them, and (if it came down to it) would probably rather pay more than risk any scary ingredients or questionable synthetics in something I regularly let my skin absorb. If you're mainly just looking for a fast-absorbing and super-hydrating lotion, I'd also recommend you check out H20+ Oasis Hydrating Treatment. I use this one regularly, too, and it's about the same size (1.7 Fl oz instead of 1.69 Fl oz for Protini) for less money ($38 instead of $68), but it's definitely less creamy. It feels almost like aloe for a sunburn rather than a lotion.
If you're looking to spend a little extra for better skincare, then it's nice to know that Drunk Elephant exists. Their products are consistently good, and the combination of natural ingredients and clean actives means they're effective without being irritating, which makes the line an easy favorite for a wide variety of skin types. The Protini acts like a protein powder for your face, improving the appearance of tone, texture, and firmness visibly, and also absorbs quickly and completely. If you've been looking for something safe, effective, and fast-absorbing, I highly recommend taking a look to see if it might work as well for you, too.
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because we're putting on a show tonight.
but we're putting on a show tonight.
Can't you see what they're doing to me?
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Telugu is the official language of southe indian state Andhra Pradesh and second largest spoken language in India. It is also one of the 22 official languages of the Indian Republic and was conferred the status of a classical language by the Government of India. It is the mother tongue for the majority of people of Andhra Pradesh, but it is also spoken in neighbouring states like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Maharashtra and Chattisgarh.
Telugu is a richly developed language and the biggest linguistic unit in India.It is a heavily sanskritized Dravidian language which developed during the medieval period. Early inscriptions date from around the 6th century, and literary texts from the 11th century, written in a Telugu script adapted from the Bhattiprolu script of the early inscriptions. Even though it is originated from Dravidian languages, it adapted many Sanskrit words probably it has more Sanskrit words than Dravidian words. Telugu belongs to the Central Dravidian language subfamily, whose members originated from the Proto-Dravidian spoken in the central part of the Deccan plateau.
The Telugu people or Telugus are the native speakers of the Telugu language, the most commonly spoken language in India after Hindi. Telugus are mostly native to southe indian state Andra Pradesh, with significant populations in Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Orissa.
An Andhra Kingdom named for Aryan Andhras was mentioned in the Sanskrit epics such as Aitareya Brahmana (B.C.800) and Mahabharata. The Natyasastra of Bharatha (1st Century B.C) also mentioned the Andhra race. The roots of the Telugu language have been traced to inscriptions found at Bhattiprolu. Sanskrit writings from the 7th century BC describe the Andhra people as Aryans from the North who migrated South of the Vindhya Range and mixed with non-Aryans. They are mentioned again at the time of the death of the great Mauryan King Ashoka in 232 BC Various dynasties have ruled the area, including the Andhra (or Satavahana), Shakas, Ikshvakus, Eastern Chalukyas, the Vijayanagar Kingdom, the Qutb Shahis of Golconda, and the Nizams of Hyderabad..
Most of Andhras follow the Aryan Vaishnavite religion, in contrast to the Dravidians, who are Shaivite. Telugu(Andhra) foods are famous for rich and hot spices. Rice is the staple food and is used in a wide variety of ways. Typically, rice is fully boiled and eaten with vide varities of curries. Kuchipudi is the state's best-known classical dance form and performed by both men and women; however women tend to learn it more often.
Andhra Pradesh has heighest number of cinema halls in India, at around 3000. The state also produces more than 200 movies a year. It has around 50% of the Dolby digital theatres in India. Now it also houses an IMAX theatre with a big 3D screen and also about 10 multiplexes. Tollywood produces the largest number of movies in India per year.The legends of the tollywood are NT Rama Rao, Akkineni Nageswar Rao, Krishna and Chiranjeevi. Telugu's have rich musical heritage. Many legends of the Carnatic music including Thyagaraja, Annamacharya, Kshetrayya, and Bhadrachala Ramadasu were of Telugu descent.
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RNA-Seq is the recently developed high-throughput sequencing technology for profiling the entire transcriptome in any organism. It has several major advantages over current hybridization-based approach such as microarrays. However, the cost per sample by RNA-Seq is still prohibitive for most laboratories. With continued improvement in sequence output, it would be cost-effective if multiple samples are multiplexed and sequenced in a single lane with sufficient transcriptome coverage. The objective of this analysis is to evaluate what sequencing depth might be sufficient to interrogate gene expression profiling in the chicken by RNA-Seq.
Two cDNA libraries from chicken lungs were sequenced initially, and 4.9 million (M) and 1.6 M (60 bp) reads were generated, respectively. With significant improvements in sequencing technology, two technical replicate cDNA libraries were re-sequenced. Totals of 29.6 M and 28.7 M (75 bp) reads were obtained with the two samples. More than 90% of annotated genes were detected in the data sets with 28.7-29.6 M reads, while only 68% of genes were detected in the data set with 1.6 M reads. The correlation coefficients of gene expression between technical replicates within the same sample were 0.9458 and 0.8442. To evaluate the appropriate depth needed for mRNA profiling, a random sampling method was used to generate different number of reads from each sample. There was a significant increase in correlation coefficients from a sequencing depth of 1.6 M to 10 M for all genes except highly abundant genes. No significant improvement was observed from the depth of 10 M to 20 M (75 bp) reads.
The analysis from the current study demonstrated that 30 M (75 bp) reads is sufficient to detect all annotated genes in chicken lungs. Ten million (75 bp) reads could detect about 80% of annotated chicken genes, and RNA-Seq at this depth can serve as a replacement of microarray technology. Furthermore, the depth of sequencing had a significant impact on measuring gene expression of low abundant genes. Finally, the combination of experimental and simulation approaches is a powerful approach to address the relationship between the depth of sequencing and transcriptome coverage.
The transcriptome catalogues the complete set of transcripts in a cell. Transcriptomic regulation is critical to all physiological, developmental and pathological processes , and mRNA expression profiles can represent the characteristics of a cell at a specific state and help to govern its present and future activities . The profiles of a transcriptome in terms of alterations in response to specific biological stimuli provides valuable insights for interpreting functional elements of the genome, revealing the molecular constituents of cells, and also understanding developmental and disease processes.
Different types of technologies have been developed to interrogate transcript abundance, including hybridization-based and sequencing-based approaches. Hybridization-based microarrays have been the primary transcriptomic high-throughput tool for almost two decades, which has accelerated the study of transcriptome analysis by profiling thousands of genes simultaneously . However, microarray technology has several limitations including: indirect quantification by hybridization-signal intensities , background and cross-hybridization problems and reproducibility issues . The development of next generation sequencing with improved qualitative and quantitative measurements holds great promise in transcriptome analysis.
RNA-Seq is a recently developed approach to map and quantify transcriptomes by digitally recording how frequently each transcript is represented in a sequence sample. After poly (A) selection, RNA is fragmented to small fragments and converted into a cDNA library, which provides a simple and more comprehensive way to measure transcriptome composition and to discover new genes by high-throughput sequencing without bacterial cloning of cDNA input . Studies using this technology have already altered our views regarding the extent and complexity of transcriptomes in an organism and dramatically improved our understanding of transcriptome. RNA-Seq has several advantages over micorarrays including: 1) RNA-Seq is not dependent on prior knowledge about the target sequence; 2) It has a large dynamic range and sensitivity due to its digital nature, which is especially important for highly abundant and extremely low abundant genes; 3) The survey of a transcriptome is more accurate because the quantification of each transcript is directly based on digital counts of the transcript. Therefore, RNA-Seq offers both single-base resolution for annotation and “digital” quantification at the RNA level, which allows the entire transcriptome to be analyzed in a high-throughput and quantitative manner . However, the expense per sample for RNA- Seq is still a limiting factor in preventing researchers from sequencing multiple biological replicates per group, which are needed for statistically-significant analysis. It is common to adopt a pooling strategy to reduce the cost for RNA-Seq studies . With the continued enhancement of sequencing output and the development of multiplex labelling techniques, the cost per sample could be significantly reduced if several samples are multiplexed and sequenced in the same lane, given sufficient transcriptome coverage per sample. Therefore, it is imperative to address the trade-off between the depth of RNA-Seq and the coverage of the transcriptome in an organism. The objective of this study was to evaluate what coverage or sequencing depth of transcriptome would be sufficient to interrogate gene expression profiling in the chicken by RNA-Seq.
Total RNA was isolated from four chicken lungs from two genetic chicken lines (two samples per line) by Trizol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Two RNA samples from the same line were pooled to generate totals of two pooled RNA samples (Sample1 and Sample2). DNase I (Ambion, Austin, TX) digestion was carried out after RNA isolation and the RNA concentration and purity were determined by measuring absorbance at 260 nm and A260/A280 ratio using a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (Nano-drop Technologies, Wilmington, DE). RNA samples were stored at -80 °C until further use.
Total RNA (7 µg) was subjected to two rounds of hybridization to oligo (dT) beads (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) to enrich mRNA. Ribosomal RNA contamination was evaluated by RNA pico chip using a BioAnalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA). The resulting mRNA was then used to prepare cDNA libraries using the RNA sequencing sample preparation kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Sample1 and Sample2 were sequenced by Illumina Genome Analyzer and then Genome Analyzer II, which generated four datasets: S1-R1, S2-R1, and S1-R2, S2-R2, respectively.
The sequences generated went through a filtering process first. Any reads that contained numerous interspersed Ns in their sequences, or had relatively short reads (<17 bp), were removed for the following analysis. Sequence reads obtained after quality control with filtering were analyzed using CLC Genomics Workbench 4 (CLC bio, Cambridge, MD). After mapping, the gene expression level was quantified by simply dividing the number of reads mapped to each gene by the size of its transcripts, commonly known as the number of reads per kilobase of exon per million mapped reads (RPKM) , for all 15,742 annotated chicken genes in the database. The gene expression level was then log2 transformed.
We have obtained RNA-Seq data in three different levels of depth: 1.6 M, 4.9 M, and about 30 M reads. Clearly, there was a big gap between 4.9 M and 30 M reads. In order to identify the appropriate depth of transcriptome per sample that is sufficient for whole genome transcriptome profiling, it is important to generate additional datasets at different levels of depth. It would be very costly to re-sequence each sample to generate RNA-Seq data at different levels of sequencing depth. Random sampling from current dataset might provide a cost-effective approach for this purpose. This procedure synthetically created samples from the originally sequenced samples. Thus, for samples S1-R2 and S2-R2 data sets, by drawing without replacement a fixed number of reads from the overall data set, we randomly selected 10 M, 15 M and finally 20 M reads. These random selections are repeated 4 times, resulting in total of 24 technical replicates with different transcriptome depth. Each one of the reads in the FASTQ format of the input files, which were used in the sampling, was selected equally likely. A program in Perl was written to serve this purpose. Then, the resulting replicate datasets were uploaded into CLC Genomics Workbench in the FASTQ format for the analysis individually. The correlation coefficients of gene expression (RPKMs) between replicates of each sequencing depth were calculated by JMP (SAS, Cary, NC). The average RPKMs of transcripts identified by each sequencing depth (10 M, 15 M and 20 M) were calculated to represent the gene expression values for further analysis.
In order to evaluate how reliable the sequence data is at each level of sequencing depth, correlation coefficients between lower and high depth sequence data for each sample were calculated by JMP (SAS, Cary, NC). Any genes with no gene expression at either sequence dataset were excluded from the correlation coefficient computation. The depth of sequencing is highly correlated with the abundance of gene expression, so we divided genes into the four quartile groups based on expression levels for each dataset, from the bottom 25% (1st quartile) to the top 25% (4th quartile). Subsequently, correlation coefficients between lower-depth sequence data and the data with 28.7- 29.6 M reads within each of the four quartile groups were calculated.
The two chicken cDNA libraries (Sample1 and Sample2) were sequenced by the Illumina Genome Analyzer, which generated 4.9 M (60 bp) reads (S1-R1) and 1.6 M (60 bp) reads (S2-R1), respectively. Then, two technical replicate cDNA libraries from the same RNA samples were re-sequenced using the Genome Analyzer II, which generated 29.6 M (75 bp) reads (S1-R2) and 28.7 M (75 bp) reads (S2-R2).
The datasets of S1-R2 (29.6 M) and S2-R2 (28.7 M) were each randomly re-sampled into 10 M, 15 M, and 20 M reads with four replicates each. The correlation coefficients between every two replicates for each re-sampled level (10 M, 15 M and 20 M) within each sample (S1-R2 and S2-R2) were all greater than 0.98, which demonstrated that the sampling procedure is consistent and accurate. Averages of gene expression from the four replicates at each re-sampled level for each sample were used for further analysis.
The distributions of transcript abundance at different levels of sequence depth from Sample1 and Sample2 are presented in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. In general, the median and 75% percentile were similar across five different levels of depth, while the 95% percentile showed a slight increase, especially from 20 M to 30 M. Significant decreases at the 25% and 5% percentile were observed, especially from 20 M to 30 M. In addition, a significant decrease was also observed from 1.6 M to 10 M in Sample2.
Distributions of log2 transformed reads of transcripts at different sequencing depths for Sample1.
Distributions of log2 transformed reads of transcripts at different sequencing depths for Sample2.
There are about 15,742 annotated chicken genes in the NCBI database. Number of detected chicken genes at different levels of sequencing depth from Samples 1 and 2 are presented in Table 1. There were 14,336 genes detected in S1-R2 (29.6 M) and 14,212 genes in S2-R2 (28.7 M), which accounted for 91.07% and 90.28% of all 15,742 annotated chicken genes in the database, respectively. With the reduction of sequencing depth, the number of detectable genes also decreased from 91% to 78% in Sample1 (Fig. 3A), and from 90% to 68% in Sample2 (Fig. 3B). Two significant drops of transcriptome coverage were observed: from 30 M to 20 M, and 10 M to 1.6 M.
Numbers of detected annotated chicken genes at different levels of sequence depth.
Percentages of detected chicken genes at different levels of sequence depth across all annotated chicken genes. A: Sample1; B: Sample2.
To evaluate the appropriate depth of sequence that is needed for transcriptome profiling, correlation coefficients between different levels of sequencing depth and the most abundant reads for each sample were calculated. For Sample1, overall correlation coefficients at four different levels of depth were greater than 0.95. When we examined the four quartile groups based on expression level (Fig. 4A), correlation coefficients ranged from 0.34 to 0.67 for the 1st quartile, 0.22 to 0.77 for the 2nd quartile, 0.65 to 0.95 for the 3rd quartile, and 0.97 to 1.0 for the 4th quartile. A similar pattern in terms of correlation coefficient change was observed for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quartiles; a significantly increased correlation coefficient from 4.9 M to 10 M, and kept relative flat from 10 M to 20 M. For the 4th quartile, correlation coefficients at four different levels of depth were greater than 0.95. From the 1st to the 4th quartiles, there were significant increases for correlation coefficients between every two quartile groups (p<0.01). For Sample2, overall correlation coefficients at four different levels of depth were greater than 0.98, except for 1.6 M at 0.84. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.08 to 0.72 for the 1st quartile, 0.05 to 0.78 for the 2nd quartile, 0.31 to 0.95 for the 3rd quartile, and 0.87 to 1.0 for the 4th quartile (Fig. 4B). The same pattern in terms of correlation coefficients changes at different levels of depth between Sample1 and Sample2 was also observed.
Correlation coefficients between 30 M reads and four different levels of sequence depth at different quartiles. A: Sample1; B: Sample2.
In the current study, RNA-Seq was performed twice using two chicken cDNA samples. The first run of RNA-Seq had fewer number of reads and larger variation in terms of total number of reads between the two samples, while the second run had greater number of reads and very small variation between the two samples. The first run was performed at the very early stage of the sequencing technology when it was still in the testing phase. The lower reads and larger variation in the first run may be coming from two major sources of technical error: the purification of cDNA templates during the library preparation, and the loading of libraries onto flow cells (RNA-Seq technical guide and personal communications, Illumina technical support staff). These potential sources of errors were corrected during the second RNA-Seq analysis, which provided very good sequencing depth with greater number of reads. The first RNA-Seq datasets were directly derived from actual experiment, which made the results more informative than replicating datasets by random sampling. Therefore, we chose to include these two early datasets in the analysis in the current study. Furthermore, all of the reads from each sample were normalized by the RPKM and the datasets can serve as a reference for random sampling at different sequencing depths from the exact same samples.
The capacity of sequencing length of 60 bp for the first run was increased to 75 bp at the second RNA-Seq analysis. Longer reads should reduce estimation error and mapping uncertainty, and read lengths have been consistently increasing with improving Illumina massively parallel sequencing technology. However, people have noted that the number of reads is more important than the read length once reaching a minimum read length of 25 bp [9, 10]. The read lengths (60 bp and 75 bp) in the current study were larger than 25 bp; therefore, the read length will not affect the overall conclusions drawn.
As a powerful new technology for transcriptome analysis, RNA-Seq provides a more comprehensive view of the transcriptome than earlier technologies. Besides its ability to detect splicing variation, RNA editing and discovery of new transcripts , RNA-Seq can also function in the role of a conventional microarray in measuring gene expression due to its accurate measurements. In order to detect less abundant transcripts, appropriate sequencing depth is needed. The transcriptome coverage or sequencing depth needed for a given study can be affected by several factors such as genome size, transcriptome complexity and objectives of the study. In general, the more complex the transcriptome, the more sequencing depth is required for adequate coverage . Depending on the purpose of transcriptome analysis, the requirement of sequencing depth varies. In most transcriptome studies, quantifying mRNA abundance is one of the major objectives. There is a certain sequencing depth that is sufficient in simple transcriptomes. For example, in the yeast genome, a 29.9 M (35 bp) reads dataset was generated by RNA-Seq which was able to get 100% transcriptome coverage . The number of transcripts detected by RNA-Seq in the yeast dataset was able to reach 80% transcriptome coverage at 4M mapped reads, and even though the sequencing depth doubled as 8M reads, the transcriptome coverage only increased 10% [13, 14]. These results suggest that the improvement of sequencing depth or transcriptome coverage after reaching a certain sequencing depth had relatively less impact on detecting low abundant genes . In addition, the cost per sample per lane by RNA-Seq is still not affordable for most laboratories. Recent development in multiplex labelling using bar-coded libraries by Illumina and continued increase in sequence output have made it possible to sequence multiple samples per lane without extra cost or running time . Therefore, it is imperative to examine the correlation between sequencing depth and transcriptome coverage; in other words, what sequencing depth might be sufficient in reaching a certain level of transcriptome coverage and reliable measurement for RNA-Seq. In order to accomplish this objective, two approaches could be applied: experimental or simulation methods. Both methods have been applied in this study. High correlation among replicates within each sequencing depth, gradual increase in correlation coefficients from 10 M to 20 M, and consistent patterns observed between Samples1 and 2 (Fig. 4) have demonstrated that random sampling was an effective and reliable method in reaching the goals of this study.
Transcriptome coverage is one of the most important parameters in profiling global gene expression. The number and level of transcript isoforms is not always known and transcription activity varies across the genome . This was confirmed in a study by using the number of unique transcription start sites as a measure of coverage in mouse cells . In the current study, we took a more practical approach using all annotated genes in the chicken genome. Because the chicken genome is far under-annotated, we assume that the 15,742 annotated chicken genes in the database would well represent different levels of expression abundance in the chicken genome, which is essential for the analysis of transcriptome coverage in this study. Since gene expression depends on tissue and time of biological process , it is impossible for any single tissue to have all genes in the genome expressed. Ninety percent of all annotated genes (Fig. 3) detected at about 30 M (75 bp) reads might represent a saturated detection of the whole genome. The analysis results indicated significant improvements of transcriptome coverage occurred from 1.6 M to 4.9 M and from 20 M to 30 M. Depending on the purpose of transcriptome analysis, the current study suggested that 10 M (75 bp) reads could have 80% of transcriptome coverage, while 30 M (75 bp) reads could reach 90% of transcriptome coverage.
When we analyzed overall correlation coefficients at different levels of sequencing depth regardless of gene expression level, we observed very high correlation coefficients between each level of sequencing depth compared with 30 M, except for 1.6 M. One might draw a conclusion that there is no significant difference among different levels of sequencing depth. But as we see in Figure 4, this might be true in the case of highly abundant genes (the 4th quartile group), but not in the case of the 1st to 3rd quartile groups, especially the first two quartile groups (i.e. expression below the median). High abundant genes will be less affected by sequencing depth than low abundant genes, because high abundant genes are more likely to be captured even when the sequencing depth varies . This is also confirmed by our analysis. Collectively, the following points can be inferred: 1) Sequencing depth below 20 M (75 bp) reads had a significant effect on detecting transcript levels of medium and low abundant transcripts; 2) Sequencing depth at both 1.6 M and 4.9 M would result in unreliable mRNA expression on all genes except highly abundant transcripts; 3) There was no significant improvement in correlation coefficients when sequencing depth doubled from 10 M to 20 M. Based on these analysis, the results suggested: 1) 5 M reads might be sufficient in obtaining reliable mRNA expression measurement on highly abundant transcripts; 2) When sequencing depth is beyond 10 M reads, a relatively reliable measurement of mRNA expression is expected, especially for abundant transcripts; 3) It seems that 30 M of reads is needed to achieve reliable measurement of mRNA expression across all genes in the chicken genome. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the appropriate sequencing depth using RNA-Seq in farm animals and will provide the first reference for similar studies. The knowledge generated from this study has laid a solid foundation for applying this analysis to other species.
In summary, the analysis from this study demonstrated that 30 M (75 bp) reads is sufficient to detect all annotated genes and provide a reliable measurement of mRNA abundance in chicken lungs using RNA-Seq. As we expected, the depth of sequencing had significant impact on low abundance transcripts, but not on high abundance transcripts. In practice, if RNA-Seq serves as a replacement of microarray technology, 10 M (75 bp) reads would allow detection of about 80% of annotated chicken genes. Finally, increasing the depth of sequencing from 10 M to 20 M reads did not have a significant effect on transcriptome coverage and reliability of mRNA measurements, whereas 30 M reads was needed to achieve reliable measurement of mRNA expression across all genes in the genome.
We are grateful for Dr. Jason W. Abernathy for his helps for revising the manuscript. This project was supported by the Formula Animal Health Grant no. 07-024 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service.
YW analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript, NG wrote the code for sampling the RNA-Seq data, CJ and UB contributed ideas for the data analysis and revised the manuscript, HW and RC ran RNA-Seq samples, and HZ designed the experiment, provided the concept of the analysis. All authors submitted comments, read and approved the final manuscript.
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0.999833 |
What do I do when my 2 month old wakes in the night?
I met you today for the first time with my 2-month-old. Our son has not been sleeping and you talked me through starting a schedule and nightly routine. I forgot to ask you what you suggest I do if/when he wakes up during the night after I get him down around 10pm? Do we cry it out? If so how long? Or go in and rub his back and replace paci? I know there is a lot of debate on this topic, but we seemed to be on the same page with all we discussed today so I would love your input/guidance.
2 months old is too young to cry it out. The whole idea of a bedtime routine, stimulating daytime and boring night is to work with your child for a gentle transition to sleeping through the night. At this age some babies will fuss for 4 or 5 minutes as they go to sleep - that is often normal.
At 2 weeks old (If healthy) establish an environment for sleep - a bright and stimulating day, a dark and boring night and a set bedtime routine.
At 2 months old space out his feedings so that by 4 months old he is feeding every 3 1/2 to 4 hours. If you have established the right environment for sleep and he is feedings are spaced out to 3 1/2 to 4 hours the vast majority of children will sleep.
For now, work on establishing a routine. If he wakes in the night, try initial comfort measures - like re-swaddling, patting or offering a pacifier. If these fail and he is due to eat - feed him. Given time he will sleep through the night.
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0.741621 |
Brian Vickers is currently a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series driver. Vickers was the 2003 Nationwide Series champion, and at age 20, the youngest champion in any of NASCAR's three top-tier series. He currently drives the #83 Red Bull Toyota Camry for the Red Bull Racing Team.
In 2001, Brian Vickers made his Nationwide Series debut at the GNC Live Well 250 in the #29 owned by his father, Clyde Vickers. He qualified 30th but finished 37th after a crash. Vickers ran three more races that season, his best finish a 25th at North Carolina Speedway. In 2002, Vickers began running the Nationwide Series in his father's #40 Dodge Intrepid. He drove in 21 races, and his best finish was 7th at the Hardee's 250, his only top-ten of the season.
Vickers' crew working on his 2004 car. Due to a lack of funding for his family-owned team, Vickers was hired to replace Ricky Hendrick in the #5 GMAC Chevrolet, owned by Hendrick Motorsports. Vickers won three races in 2003, and won the championship by 14 points over David Green, becoming the youngest champion in the history of the series at age 20. Vickers made his Cup debut at the 2003 UAW-GM Quality 500, qualifying 20th and finishing 33rd in the #60 Haas Automation Chevy. He ran four more races that season in Hendrick's #25 UAW/Delphi Chevy, qualifying in the top-5 each time, but posting only one top-20 finish.
In 2004, Brian Vickers ran the #25 in the Cup series full-time, carrying sponsorship from Ditech and GMAC. He won two poles, had four top-tens, and finished third behind Brendan Gaughan and Kasey Kahne for Rookie of the Year. The next season, Vickers won the NEXTEL Open exhibition race, which qualified him for the annual All-Star Challenge, in which he finished third. Vickers finished the year 17th in Cup points, scoring ten top-tens, including his then-career best finish of second at the Pocono 500. He also returned to the Nationwide Series in a limited capacity in 2005, driving in six races, and finishing third at Watkins Glen in the #57.
The season 2006, statistically, was Vickers' best yet. Vickers finished 7th in the Daytona 500, gathered nine top-tens, and got his first victory at the UAW Ford 500 at Talladega Superspeedway. However, the season was marred by conflicts within Hendrick Motorsports. On June 25, Vickers announced that he would leave Hendrick and drive for the new Team Red Bull team in 2007. In the UAW-Ford 500, Vickers was running third when he bumped teammate Jimmie Johnson on the last lap, causing both Johnson (who was second), and Dale Earnhardt, Jr., the leader, to spin out. Vickers went on to score his first victory. Johnson was livid with Vickers, and both he and his crew chief Chad Knaus questioned Vickers' motives with the bump, with Knaus stating that Vickers had "run out of talent" prior to wrecking his teammate. However, both Johnson and Vickers had a long discussion about what had happened and decided that it was best to move on. This was easily conveyed when Vickers came to congratulate Johnson and Johnson gave him a hug when Johnson won the Nextel Cup championship at the Ford 400.
2008 Cup racecarIn 2007, Vickers drove the #83 Red Bull Toyota Camry for Red Bull, the first season for the new team. His new crew chief for 2007 was Doug Richert, who spent the last three seasons with Greg Biffle and won a championship with Dale Earnhardt. His new teammate at Red Bull was A. J. Allmendinger, driver of the #84 Red Bull Toyota Camry for then named Team red Bull.
This season started out poorly when Vickers suffered a blown tire during his qualifying race for the Daytona 500. The next week the team regrouped, however, and scored a tenth place finish in their first outing, the Auto Club 500, which was coincidentally Toyota's first top 10 in the Nextel Cup series. Two weeks later Vickers led Toyota's first lap in the Nextel Cup series at the Atlanta Motor Speedway.
On May 27, 2007, Brian Vickers gave Toyota its first top five ever in Coca-Cola 600. Toyota brought a new engine to Lowe's, and Vickers showed its potential and surprised many by leading more than 70 laps of the race and having the dominant car. However, towards the end of the race, the power steering of the vehicle began to fail, and eventually ceased operation completely. The teams luck continued to decline as Vickers soon blew a tire and slid into the turn four wall. Immediately as Vickers entered pit road, the caution flew for debris on the track, supposedly from his incident. This was a saving grace, as it allowed the #83 car to stay on the lead lap, albeit off the pace and out of contention for the win. Crew chief Doug Richert managed to salvage the race through pit strategy, enabling Vickers to score a fifth place finish.
Late in the 2007 season, crew chief Doug Richert was fired from Team Red Bull and replaced by Randy Cox, who was formerly employed on Team Red Bull's Research and Development team. Vickers struggled for the remainder of the season as Team red Bull began to focus on developing it's Car of Tomorrow program, which will compete full time during the 2008 season. The resulting inattention to its "current car" program severely hampered Vickers' efforts during the remaining races of that platform.
In 2008, Brian Vickers, with new crew chief Kevin Hamlin, qualified for the 50th running of the Daytona 500, after racing himself in with an 11th place finish in the Gatorade Duel 150. He then went on to make the next 4 races with an average finish of 21st including a top 10 at the Atlanta Motor Speedway where he finished 9th. Vickers was outside the top 35 in point all during the 2007 season, which meant he did not have a guaranteed starting spot. However, in 2008, he is now ensured a started sport, for now, since he is in the top 35 after 5 races.
Vickers' pit crew won the 2008 Pit Crew Challenge during the 2008 All-Star weekend. Vickers went on the next weekend and led 61 laps in the 2008 Coca-Cola 600 before he lost his left rear wheel and crashed about halfway through the race. He posted Team Red Bull's best finish to date, 2nd place, at Pocono Raceway in June 2008.
DISCLAIMER: PFP Sports Talent Agency does not claim to represent itself as the exclusive agent for Brian Vickers. PFP Sports Talent Agency is a booking agency that represents organizations seeking to hire pro athletes and sports personalities such as Brian Vickers for speaking engagements, personal appearances, product endorsements and corporate entertainment. Fees on this website are estimates and are intended only as a guideline. Exact fees are determined by a number of factors, including the location of event, the talent’s schedule, requested duties and supply and demand. PFP Sports Talent Agency makes no guarantees to the accuracy of information found on this website and does not warrant that any information or representations contained on this website will be accurate or free from errors. We are often asked how can I find out who is Brian Vickers's agent? To find Brian Vickers appearance fees and booking agent details, you can contact the agent, representative or manager through PFP Sports Talent Agency for speaking fee costs and availability. PFP Sports Talent Agency can help your company choose the ideal sports personality for your next marketing campaign. To hire Brian Vickers for an appearance, speaking event or endorsement, contact Brian Vickers's booking agent for more information.
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0.999981 |
1. He pulled with all his might, but he still couldn’t open the door.
2. We tried with all our might but we had no success.
Replace one’s with an appropriate possessive adjective such as: my, your, his, her, our, or their.
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0.97783 |
Sometimes we want to know what lens was used to shoot a particular scene. Lenses are recognized by the lens-ID in EXIF metadata and a combination of factors (recorded also as tags in EXIF), such as: minimal focal length, maximal focal length, maximal aperture at minimal focal length, maximal aperture at maximal focal length, lens mount, lens format, taking focal length, maximal aperture at taking focal length, taking aperture, and so on. This information is also used by photo software applications to offer better information and possibly better processing of your photos.
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0.724365 |
Dhaka lies near the geographic center of the country, on the Buriganga River. The city proper covers an area of about 60 sq mi (about 154 sq km); the metropolitan area covers about 565 sq mi (about 1,463 sq km). The population of the city is about 6.7 million; that of the metropolitan area is about 12.3 million.
The city now known as Dhaka was founded as the capital of the Province of Islam Khan Chisti (Bengal) during the reign of Mughal Emperor Zahangir, who called it Zahangirnagor, in 1608. It remained under Mughal control until 1704. In 1765, the city came under the control of the British East India Company, which renamed it Dacca.
In 1905, the city became the capital of a new province comprising East Bengal and Assam. Upon the partition of India in 1947, it became the provincial capital of East Pakistan. It became the capital of Bangladesh upon its independence from Pakistan in 1971. The spelling of the city's name was changed to Dhaka in 1982.
Principal industries of Dhaka include textiles (jute, muslin and cotton), food processing (especially rice), and the manufacture of various consumer goods. Many international banking, finance, telecommunications, and services corporations have facilities in and around the city.
The City of Dhaka is governed by a city corporation, with day-to-day executive power vested in and exercised by a Mayor, who is elected by popular vote every five years. The incorporated area is divided into several wards, each of which has an elected commissioner.
Dhaka is home to Dhaka College, one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Bangladesh (founded in 1840), as well as the University of Dhaka (1921). Other major institutions of higher learning in the city include Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, and Sir Salimullah Medical College.
Bahadur Shah Park was built to commemorate the martyrs of the first war of independence, 1857-1859. It is said that revolting sepoys and their civil compatriots were publicly hanged here.
Bangabandhu Memorial Museum was once the residence of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the father of Bangladesh. Today it contains a rare collection of personal effects and photographs of his lifetime.
The Central Shahid Minar (Monument of Bangladesh Nationalism) commemorates the martyrs of the Language Movement of 1952. All subsequent movements for Bangladesh independence owe their origin to this movement.
The Jatiyo Shogshod (National Parliament) was designed by the noted American architect Louis Khan.
Jatiyo Sritee Shoudhow (National Memorial), located in the suburb of Savar, commemorates the many unknown martyrs of the first war of independence (1857).
Lalbagh Fort was begun in 1678 by Prince Azam, third son of the last Moghul Emperor Aurangazeb. Construction continued under his son Nawab Shaista Khan, but was suspended upon the death of his favorite daughter, Bibi Pari. During the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the fort was the site of a bloody battle between 260 Sepoys backed by civilians and British forces. Attractions inside the fort's walls include the mausoleum of Bibi Pari and a museum.
The National Museum contains sculptures and paintings from the Hindu, Buddhist and Muslim periods; inscriptions of Quran in Arabic and Persian letters; Bengali works in Arabic script; and many other national treasures.
Suhrawardy Uddyan, formerly known as the Race Course, was where the oath for independence of Bangladesh was taken on March 7, 1971. It is also where the commander of occupation forces surrendered to Bangladesh, on December 16, 1971.
Tara Masjid (Star Mosque) gets its name from a glittering mosaic of broken china. The mosque was originally built in the 18th century; the mosaic was added later by a zealous and pious businessman.
This page was last updated on 10/26/2018.
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0.998455 |
Tsunami Pizza pizza delivery business plan market analysis summary. Tsunami Pizza will offer the best pizza and the fastest delivery service in the area.
The westside is a growing middle-class area with 25,000 residents. A majority of these residents are families of four or more. The average income for the area is $38,000. The boom in the area is primarily in response to new employment opportunities in the city's Westside Industrial Park. Businesses that traditionally do well with this population have demonstrated the potential for Tsunami Pizza. A neighbor of Tsunami Pizza, Magic Videos, has been in operation in the area for a little over a year. Magic Videos is the closest video store serving the westside area. Their sales have grown by 40% due to its location and the absence of direct competition in the westside.
With continued growth in the area, opportunities to serve the westside residents will increase. The company will sell predominantly to individuals, but it will also accept some catering jobs to individual parties and company functions in the westside.
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0.999247 |
We consulted Canadians across the country as part of our work to develop A Food Policy for Canada. Find out what we heard!
Learn more about food policy work taking place in Canada and around the world.
Food matters. The decisions we make as individuals and as a country about food have a direct impact on our health, environment, economy, and communities. Working together, we can put more safe and healthy food on tables across the country, while protecting the environment.
What areas could the food policy cover?
In order to make healthy eating choices, Canadians depend on sufficient access to safe and healthy food, and require information to make healthy food choices. In turn, having a reliable supply of safe and healthy food depends on maintaining Canada’s natural resources in a way that supports and grows our agriculture and food sector.
There are many actors in Canada’s food system, including farmers, processors, retailers, consumers, non-governmental organizations working on food issues, and federal, provincial, territorial, regional, local, and Indigenous governments.
Collaboration that brings together a variety of experiences and perspectives is critical to the success of developing and implementing A Food Policy for Canada.
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0.9992 |
Neutralize harmful gases by absorbing them and breaking them down Improve the humidity level in the air using their regulating vaporization process.
Every plant produces a certain amount of oxygen.
Their presence assures a healthier and more pleasant office environment, promotes wellbeing and productivity and accounts for fewer absences due to sickness.
An additional bonus is that these plants are also very easy to care for!
Many years ago, NASA began conducting research on oxygen produced by plants and how it might benefit astronauts during their travels in space. These tests showed that when we’re indoors, a large amount of harmful particles is in the air around us. These particles come from the (synthetic) construction materials used in buildings, as well as from electrical appliances and the perspiration and respiration processes of human beings themselves. These harmful gases and particles combined with low levels of humidity in the air cause people’s eyes to burn, and cause headaches and irritated mucous membranes in their throats and noses. Since the 1980’s, many institutions have conducted research on this phenomenon, which is known as Sick building syndrome.
The improved ventilation and air purification provided by plants are important factors in the prevention of such ailments. The NASA research showed that several plants in particular could convert CO2 into oxygen more effectively than others. Further, these plants significantly lowered the percentage of harmful particles in the air. After these plants were in the test space for several days, the test person entering the space would no longer suffer from such complaints!
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0.994391 |
Resolve Mapinfo 10.0 crashing with description "Stopped working"
Whenever tries to run an application on new Windows 7 32bit machine, MapInfo application keep getting crashed and throws an error "Close the Program".
There are few steps need to perform to avoid the kind of error in Windows 7 32bit.
1) Go to the Windows Control Panel > User Accounts > Change User Account Control Setting. Turn this off or Select Never Notify, uninstall and then re-install MapInfo Professional 10.0.
2) Make sure all .Net 3.x prerequisites for 10.0 are installed on the machine.
3) Whenever application gets crash it generates a dump (log) file. It may contain the reason for the crash.
4) This command is for finding the log file.
If the issue is unresolved after following these steps, contact customer support for further assistance.
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0.940956 |
Cancer cells show a broad spectrum of bioenergetic states, with some cells using aerobic glycolysis while others rely on oxidative phosphorylation as their main source of energy. In addition, there is mounting evidence that metabolic coupling occurs in aggressive tumors, between epithelial cancer cells and the stromal compartment, and between well-oxygenated and hypoxic compartments. We recently showed that oxidative stress in the tumor stroma, due to aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction, is important for cancer cell mutagenesis and tumor progression. More specifically , increased autophagy/mitophagy in the tumor stroma drives a form of parasitic epithelial-stromal metabolic coupling. These findings explain why it is effective to treat tumors with either inducers or inhibitors of autophagy, as both would disrupt this energetic coupling. We also discuss evidence that glutamine addiction in cancer cells produces ammonia via oxidative mitochondrial metabolism. Ammonia production in cancer cells, in turn, could then help maintain autophagy in the tumor stromal compartment. In this vicious cycle, the initial glutamine provided to cancer cells would be produced by autophagy in the tumor stroma. Thus, we believe that parasitic epithelial-stromal metabolic coupling has important implications for cancer diagnosis and therapy, for example, in designing novel metabolic imaging techniques and establishing new targeted therapies. In direct support of this notion, we identified a loss of stromal caveolin-1 as a marker of oxidative stress, hypoxia, and autophagy in the tumor microenvironment, explaining its powerful predictive value. Loss of stromal caveolin-1 in breast cancers is associated with early tumor recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance, leading to poor clinical outcome.
The Warburg effect, also known as aerobic glycolysis, is defined as the propensity of cancer cells to take up high levels of glucose and to secrete lactate in the presence of oxygen. Warburg's original work indicated that while glucose uptake and lactate production are greatly elevated, a cancer cell's rate of mitochondrial respiration is similar to that of normal cells [1, 2]. He, however, described it as a 'respiratory impairment' due to the fact that, in cancer cells, mitochondrial respiration is smaller, relative to their glycolytic power, but not smaller relative to normal cells. He recognized that oxygen consumption is not diminished in tumor cells, but that respiration is disturbed because glycolysis persists in the presence of oxygen [1, 2]. Unfortunately, the perception of his original findings was simplified over the years, and most subsequent papers validated that cancer cells undergo aerobic glycolysis and produce lactate, but did not measure mitochondrial respiration, and just presumed decreased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity and reduced oxidative phosphorylation [1, 2]. It is indeed well documented that, as a consequence of intra-tumoral hypoxia, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α pathway is activated in many tumors cells, resulting in the direct up-regulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and increased glucose consumption. For updated reviews on the Warburg effect , the reader is encouraged to refer to the following papers [3, 4].
However, new findings compel us to reconsider the current model of cancer cell metabolism. First, not all tumors are associated with increased aerobic glycolysis, and in fact it is now clear that cancer cells utilize both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to satisfy their metabolic needs. Experimental assessments of ATP production in cancer cells have demonstrated that oxidative pathways play a significant role in energy generation, and may be responsible for about 50 to 80% of the ATP generated [5–8]. Also, it should be considered that most studies were performed using isolated cancer cells, which may behave very differently from cancer cells in vivo, surrounded by their natural microenvironment (see also Koukourakis and colleagues for another viewpoint).
Second, several studies now clearly indicate that mitochondrial activity and oxidative phosphorylation support tumor growth. Loss-of-function mutations in the TCA cycle gene IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) are found in about 70% of gliomas, but, interestingly, correlate with a better prognosis and improved survival, suggesting that severely decreased activity in one of the TCA cycle enzymes does not favor tumor aggressiveness . The mitochondrial protein p32 was shown to maintain high levels of oxidative phosphorylation in human cancer cells and to sustain tumorigenicity in vivo . In addition, STAT3 is known to enhance tumor growth and to predict poor prognosis in human cancers . Interestingly, a pool of STAT3 localizes to the mitochondria, to sustain high levels of mitochondrial respiration and to augment transformation by oncogenic Ras [15, 16]. Similarly, the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), which is required for mitochondrial DNA replication and oxidative phosphorylation, is also required for K-Ras-induced lung tumorigenesis . Finally, when constrained to use glycolysis by depletion of mitochondrial DNA, melanoma B16 cells (B16ρ0) and breast cancer T47D cells (T47Dρ0), show severe impairment of tumorigenicity in vivo [18, 19].
There is also evidence that pro-oncogenic molecules regulate mitochondrial function. Cyclin D1 inhibits mitochondrial function in breast cancer cells . Over-expression of cyclin D1 is observed in about 50% of invasive breast cancers and is associated with a good clinical outcome , indicating that inhibition of mitochondrial activity correlates with favorable prognosis. Importantly, it was shown that the oncogene c-Myc stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhances glutamine metabolism by regulating the expression of mitochondrial glutaminase, the first enzyme in the glutamine utilization pathway . Glutamine is an essential metabolic fuel that is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate and serves as a substrate for the TCA cycle or for glutathione synthesis, to promote energy production and cellular biosynthesis, and to protect against oxidative stress . Interestingly, pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial glutaminase inhibits cancer cell transforming activity, suggesting that glutamine metabolism and its role in fueling and replenishing the TCA cycle are required for neoplastic transformation (for a recent review on glutamine cancer metabolism, see ).
It is increasingly apparent that the tumor microenvironment regulates neoplastic growth and progression. Activation of the stroma is a critical step required for tumor formation. Among the stromal players, cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have recently taken center stage . CAFs are activated, contractile fibroblasts that display features of myo-fibroblasts, express muscle-specific actin, and show an increased ability to secrete and remodel the extracellular matrix [26, 27]. They are not just neutral spectators, but actively support malignant transformation and metastasis , as compared to normal resting fibroblasts. For example, in a humanized mouse model of breast cancer, oncogenically driven human organoids develop tumors only if coinjected with immortalized fibroblasts and not with normal primary fibroblasts, suggesting that stromal activation is required for breast cancer formation .
Importantly, the tumor stroma dictates clinical out-come and constitutes a source of potential biomarkers . Expression profiling has identified a cancer-associated stromal signature that predicts good and poor clinical prognosis in breast cancer patients, independently of other factors [32–34].
We and others have recently shown that a loss of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in the stromal compartment is a novel biomarker for predicting poor clinical outcome in all of the most common subtypes of human breast cancer, including the more lethal triple negative subtype [35, 36]. A loss of stromal Cav-1 predicts early tumor recurrence, lymph-node metastasis, tamoxifen-resistance, and poor survival. Overall, breast cancer patients with a loss of stromal Cav-1 show a 20% 5-year survival rate, compared to the 80% 5-year survival of patients with high stromal Cav-1 expression. In triple negative patients, the 5-year survival rate is 75.5% for high stromal Cav-1 versus 9.4% for absent stromal Cav-1 . A loss of stromal Cav-1 also predicts progression to invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in situ patients, suggesting that a loss of Cav-1 regulates tumor progression . Similarly, a loss of stromal Cav-1 is associated with advanced disease and metastasis, as well as a high Gleason score, in prostate cancer patients .
In order to mechanistically dissect how a loss of stromal Cav-1 induces a lethal microenvironment, we have employed Cav-1(-/-) null mice as a model system. Complementary studies were also performed with a coculture model of normal human fibroblasts and MCF7 breast cancer cells.
Unbiased proteomic and transcriptional analysis has shown that Cav-1(-/-) null bone-marrow-derived stromal cells display the up-regulation of both myo-fibroblast markers and glycolytic enzymes, clearly indicating that a loss of Cav-1 promotes myo-fibroblast conversion and induces aerobic glycolysis in stromal cells . Thus, stromal cells lacking Cav-1 undergo aerobic glycolysis and secrete energy-rich metabolites (such as lactate and pyruvate) that directly feed cancer cells and fuel mitochondrial respiration of adjacent cancer cells. We have termed this novel hypothesis the 'reverse Warburg effect '. This novel idea has now also been independently confirmed by Pol and colleagues , who demonstrated that genetic ablation of Cav-1 in murine fibroblasts is indeed sufficient to functionally induce the onset of aerobic glycolysis via mitochondrial dysfunction . Interestingly, immunohistochemistry on human breast cancers lacking stromal Cav-1 has demonstrated the over-expression of key glycolytic enzymes, such as PKM2 and LDH, in the fibroblastic tumor stroma .
In further support of this hypothesis, co-culture with cancer cells promotes Cav-1 down-regulation in adjacent fibroblasts. Importantly, when cultured under homotypic conditions, MCF7 cancer cells have a very low mitochondrial mass (the conventional Warburg effect ). However, co-culture with fibroblasts, which more closely mirrors the microenvironment of a naturally occurring tumor, promotes a very significant increase in mitochondrial mass in MCF7 cancer cells, suggesting that the Warburg effect might be an in vitro artifact . Importantly, lactate administration to homotypic MCF7 cancer cell cultures significantly increases mitochondrial mass, suggesting that lactate administration phenocopies the presence of reactive fibroblasts , by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. These new data indicate that cancer cells and CAFs develop a 'symbiotic' or 'parasitic' relationship, with the vectorial and unilateral transfer of energy from glycolytic stromal cells to oxidative cancer cells (Figures 1 and 2).
The autophagic tumor stroma model of cancer metabolism. Cancer cells induce oxidative stress in adjacent cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). This activates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and autophagy. ROS production in CAFs, via the bystander effect, serves to induce random mutagenesis in epithelial cancer cells, leading to double-strand DNA breaks and aneuploidy. Cancer cells mount an anti-oxidant defense and up-regulate molecules that protect them against ROS and autophagy, preventing them from undergoing apoptosis. So, stromal fibroblasts conveniently feed and mutagenize cancer cells, while protecting them against death. See the text for more details. A+, autophagy positive; A-, autophagy negative; AR, autophagy resistant.
The reverse Warburg effect. (a) Via oxidative stress, cancer cells activate two major transcription factors in adjacent stromal fibroblasts (hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α and NFκB). This leads to the onset of both autophagy and mitophagy, as well as aerobic glycolysis, which then produces recycled nutrients (such as lactate, ketones, and glutamine). These high-energy chemical building blocks can then be transferred and used as fuel in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) in adjacent cancer cells. The outcome is high ATP production in cancer cells, and protection against cell death. ROS, reactive oxygen species. (b) Homotypic cultures (upper panels) of MCF7 cells (right) and hTERT-fibroblasts (left) were immunostained with a mitochondrial membrane antibody (red). Note that mitochondrial mass is lower in mono-cultures of MCF7 cells compared to fibroblasts. However, co-culture of MCF7 cells with fibroblasts (lower panel) induces a dramatic increase in mitochondrial mass in the 'central MCF7 cell colony', outlined by the dotted white oval. In contrast, mitochondrial mass is decreased in co-cultured fibroblasts. Panel (b) was modified and reproduced with permission from [41, 78].
Clinically, high glucose uptake has been exploited to monitor tumor growth using position emission tomography (PET) scanning via radiolabeled 2-deoxy-glucose. However, we should acknowledge that PET avidity does not necessarily correlate with high aerobic glycolysis. For example, PET is not useful in clear cell renal carcinomas [42, 43], which are the tumor 'prototype' in which the Warburg effect should sustain tumor formation. About half of clear cell renal carcinomas are due to mutations in the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene [44, 45], leading to HIF1α constitutive activation and forced induction of aerobic glycolysis [46–48]. Conversely, little attention is paid to understanding which cell- type or compartments within a tumor are most PET avid. In fact, the clinical use of PET is well established in Hodgkin's lymphomas , which are composed of less than 10% tumor cells, the rest being stromal and inflammatory cells . Yet, Hodgkin's lymphomas are very PET avid tumors, suggesting that 2-deoxy-glucose uptake may be associated with the tumor stroma. That the fibrotic component may be glucose avid is further supported by the notion that PET is clinically used to assess the therapeutic response in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), which are a subset of tumors of mesenchymal origin. Finally, pilot clinical studies have shown that PET is useful for detection of various forms of fibrosis, including pulmonary fibrosis .
The reverse Warburg effect can also be described as 'metabolic coupling' between supporting glycolytic stromal cells and oxidative tumor cells. Metabolic cooperativity between adjacent cell-compartments is observed in several normal physiological settings. During folliculogenesis and early embryogenesis, oocytes are surrounded by supporting cumulus granulosa (CG) cells. Oocytes lack some crucial metabolic functions, such as the ability to utilize glucose, to produce cholesterol and to transport certain amino acids. Thus, oocytes control CG cell metabolism, promoting their glycolysis, cholesterol synthesis and amino acid uptake [52, 53]. Remarkably, both oocytes and zygotes can reach a two-cell stage only in the presence of pyruvate and oxaloacetate, but not using glucose [54, 55]. However, upon co-culture with CG cells, oocytes or zygotes can cleave to a two-cell stage also in the presence of glucose, clearly indicating that CG cells metabolize glucose and supply the oocyte with the glycolytic product pyruvate to permit maturation . In this regard, transcriptional profiling of CG cells and oocytes has revealed that key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway (aldolase A, enolase 1, LDHA, and PKM2) are very highly expressed in CG cells, but are undetectable in oocytes . These results indicate that granulosa cells support the development and maturation of oocytes and early embryos by providing them with essential nutrients, such as oxidative phosphorylation substrates (pyruvate and lactate ), amino acids , and cholesterol .
Metabolic coupling is also normally observed in the brain between astrocytes and neurons, and this is known as 'neuron-glia metabolic coupling' [60, 61]. In this regard, glycolytic astrocytes generate high levels of lactate to support mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in adjacent neurons. Consistent with this idea, LDH is preferentially expressed in astrocytes, and the mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase is present selectively within the neurons [62, 63]. Also, in skeletal muscle it is well established that glycolytic fast-twitch muscle fibers produce lactate, which is then secreted via monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 4. Lactate is then taken up by the slow-twitch fibers expressing MCT1 and utilized as a substrate for oxidative phosphorylation [64, 65]. This form of metabolic coupling is known as the 'skeletal muscle lactate shuttle' .
As such, it is perhaps not surprising that tumors may have also developed a form of metabolic coupling, specifically involving tumor-stromal interactions. In further support of the existence of a 'lactate shuttle' in human tumors, we have now shown that CAFs express MCT4 (for lactate extrusion), while breast cancer cells express MCT1 (for lactate uptake) (Figure 3) . Interestingly, MCT4 expression in CAFs is induced by oxidative stress, and MCT4 is a known HIF1α target gene (see Discussion below) .
Evidence supporting a 'lactate shuttle' in human tumors: compartmentalized distribution of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1/4. (a) MCT4 is expressed in the fibroblastic stromal compartment of human breast cancers. Note that MCT4 staining is absent from the tumor epithelial cells, but is present in the surrounding stroma. MCT4 staining outlines the cancer-associated fibroblasts that surround nests of epithelial cancer cells. (b) MCT1 is expressed in the epithelial compartment of human breast cancers. Note that MCT1 staining is present in the tumor epithelial cells, but is absent in the surrounding stroma. (c) The lactate shuttle: an energy transfer mechanism in normal tissue and human cancers. MCT4 functions primarily as a transporter that extrudes lactate from cells that are undergoing aerobic glycolysis and lack functional mitochondria. After lactate is extruded by MCT4 in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), lactate is then taken up by MCT1 in adjacent cancer cells. Similarly, ketones are transported by the same MCTs that handle lactate. Our studies suggest that metabolic coupling occurs between CAFs and adjacent tumor cells. Modified and reproduced with permission from .
Recent studies have dissected the mechanism(s) by which a loss of stromal Cav-1 leads to an aggressive breast cancer phenotype, and have shown that oxidative stress plays a central role. The role of oxidative stress in sustaining tumor growth is underscored by the observation that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated myo-fibro-blast conversion is sufficient to reduce tumor-free survival, and increases metastatic potential in a mammary tumor mouse model .
Gene expression profiling of Cav-1(-/-) null bone-marrow-derived stromal cells has shown the up-regulation of gene transcripts associated with ROS production, and over-expression of the transcriptional targets of HIF1α and NFκB, suggesting that a loss of stromal Cav-1 induces oxidative stress, mimics hypoxia, and stimulates inflammation .
Co-cultures of normal human fibroblasts and MCF7 cells indicate that cancer cells use oxidative stress as a weapon to trigger the conversion of adjacent fibroblasts into myo-fibroblasts . Cancer cell-induced oxidative stress potently perturbs the behavior of adjacent fibro-blasts, induces the lysosomal-mediated degradation of Cav-1, and promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in increased aerobic glycolysis . In turn, these glycolytic fibroblasts support tumor cell mitochondrial respiration and growth by actively transferring high-energy nutrients (such as lactate and pyruvate) to cancer cells.
In support of the 'reverse Warburg effect ', comparison of the tumor-promoting properties of two fibroblast lines (named CL3 and CL4) with either mitochondrial or glycolytic metabolism has revealed that aerobic glycolysis in CAFs greatly promotes tumor formation. CL3 fibroblasts show oxidative metabolism and increased mitochondrial mass, whereas CL4 fibroblasts display a shift towards aerobic glycolysis and increased lactate production . Interestingly, in a xenograft model, CL4 fibro-blasts enhance the growth of mammary tumors by approximately eight- fold compared to CL3 cells, without a detectable increase in angiogenesis. Consistent with this growth-promoting effect , CL4 fibroblasts also increase the mitochondrial mass of co-cultured breast cancer cells .
An oxidative-stress-rich micro-environment generates DNA damage in both cancer and stromal cells (Figure 1). We have shown that MCF7 cancer cells induce oxidative stress and promote DNA double-strand breaks in associated stromal cells, which are blocked by anti-oxidant treatments . Similarly, after three-dimensional co-culture with prostate cancer cells, bone-derived stromal cells undergo stable cytogenetic modifications by a ROS-mediated mechanism .
Conversely, in an MCF7-fibroblast co-culture model, MCF7 cancer cells undergo aneuploidy and random mutagenesis , suggesting that CAFs facilitate the dynamic search for a more aggressive 'mutator phenotype' in cancer cells (Figure 1). Functionally, fibroblasts provide cancer cells with a six-fold protection against cell death (Figure 2), via the up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein TIGAR . Cav-1 knockdown fibroblasts provide even greater protection for cancer cells against apoptosis, clearly indicating that a loss of stromal Cav-1 in humans may greatly facilitate tumor growth by suppression of cancer cell death .
Thus, data supporting the 'reverse Warburg effect ' indicate that cancer cells and fibroblasts are metabolically coupled and mutagenically co-evolving [41, 73]. Cancer cells use oxidative stress to corrupt adjacent fibroblasts and to induce their metabolic re-programming . In this way, fibroblasts secrete energy rich metabolites that facilitate cancer cell survival. In addition, fibroblasts promote mutagenesis of cancer cells, leading to a more aggressive 'aneuploid' phenotype [41, 73]. Aneuploidy in cancer cells is known to be associated with poor clinical outcome.
Metabolomic profiling reveals that Cav-1(-/-) null mammary fat pads display a highly catabolic metabolism, with the increased release of several metabolites, such as amino acids, ribose and nucleotides, and a shift towards gluconeogenesis, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction . These changes are consistent with increased autophagy, mitophagy and aerobic glycolysis, all processes that are induced by oxidative stress . Autophagy or 'self- eating' is the process by which cells degrade their own cellular components to survive during starvation or to eliminate damaged organelles after oxidative stress. Mitophagy, or mitochondrial-autophagy, is particularly important to remove damaged ROS-generating mitochondria.
An autophagy/mitophagy program is also triggered by hypoxia [75, 76]. Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and promotes cancer progression, invasion and metastasis . Interestingly, via induction of autophagy, hypoxia is sufficient to induce a dramatic loss of Cav-1 in fibroblasts. The hypoxia-induced loss of Cav-1 can be inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, or by pharmacological inhibition of HIF1α [69, 78]. Conversely, small interfering RNA-mediated Cav-1 knock-down is sufficient to induce pseudo-hypoxia, with HIF1α and NFκB activation, and to promote autophagy/mitophagy, as well as a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in stromal cells . These results indicate that a loss of stromal Cav-1 is a marker of hypoxia and oxidative stress. In a co-culture model, autophagy in cancer-associated fibroblasts was shown to promote tumor cell survival via the induction of the pro-autophagic HIF1α and NFκB pathways in the tumor stromal microenvironment . Finally, the mitophagy marker Bnip3L is selectively up-regulated in the stroma of human breast cancers lacking Cav-1, but is notably absent from the adjacent breast cancer epithelial cells .
Another study has shown that cell-specific induction of autophagy by HIF1α activation in fibroblasts or MDA-MB-231 cells differentially affects tumor growth. In a xenograft model, HIF1α activation in fibroblasts greatly enhances the tumorigenicity of co-injected MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas HIF1α activation in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells suppresses tumor growth . Importantly, in this experimental setting, the levels of tumor angiogenesis were unchanged. As HIF1α triggers autophagy in both fibroblasts and cancer cells, these data demonstrate that the role of autophagy in driving tumor formation is cell-type specific, and that stromal autophagy, and not cancer cell autophagy, favors tumor growth.
Several studies have demonstrated that the over-expression of autophagic markers, such as ATG16L and cathepsin K and D, in the stroma and not in tumor cells predicts poor prognosis [80–82]. Similarly, loss of autophagic markers, such as Beclin 1, in tumor cells correlates with poor clinical outcome, suggesting that activation of an autophagic program in tumor cells reduces tumor aggressiveness .
Metabolome profiling of several types of human cancer tissues versus corresponding normal tissues have consistently shown that cancer tissues are highly catabolic, with the significant accumulation of many amino acids and TCA cycle metabolites [84, 85]. The levels of reduced glutathione were decreased in primary and metastatic prostate cancers compared to benign adjacent prostate tissue, suggesting that aggressive disease is associated with increased oxidative stress . Also, these data show that the tumor microenvironment has increased oxidative-stress-induced autophagy and increased catabolism.
Taken together, all these findings suggest an integrated model whereby a loss of stromal Cav-1 induces autophagy/mitophagy in the tumor stroma, via oxidative stress. This creates a catabolic micro-environment with the local accumulation of chemical building blocks and recycled nutrients (such as amino acids and nucleotides), directly feeding cancer cells to sustain their survival and growth. We have termed this novel idea the 'autophagic tumor stroma model of cancer' . This new paradigm may explain the 'autophagy paradox', which is based on the fact that both the systemic inhibition and systemic stimulation of autophagy prevent tumor formation . We propose that vectorial energy transfer from the tumor stroma to cancer cells directly sustains tumor growth, and that interruption of such metabolic coupling will block tumor growth. Autophagy inhibitors (such as chloroquine) functionally block the catabolic transfer of metabolites from the stroma to the tumor, inducing cancer cell starvation and death . Conversely, autophagy inducers (such as rapamycin) promote autophagy in tumor cells and induce cell death . Thus, both inhibitors and inducers of autophagy will have a similar effect by severing the metabolic coupling of the stroma and tumor cells, resulting in tumor growth inhibition (cutting 'off ' the fuel supply).
This model may also explain why enthusiasm for anti-angiogenic therapy has been dampened. In most cases, the clinical benefits are short term, and more importantly, new data suggest an unexpected link between anti-angiogenic treatments and metastasis. In pre-clinical models, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs (sunitinib and anti-VEGFR2 blocking antibodies) were shown to inhibit localized tumor formation, but potently induced relapse and metastasis [90–92]. Thus, by inducing hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, anti-angiogenic drugs may create a more favorable metastatic niche . Hypoxia-induced autophagy may play a role by generating a catabolic micro-environment rich in chemical building blocks that can be directly used by cancer cells to sustain malignant transformation and metastatic progression.
Finally, the autophagic tumor stroma model can also provide an explanation for systemic cachexia, which is progressive skeletal muscle and adipose tissue wasting, affecting up to 50% of all cancer patients and resulting in severe weight loss and shortened survival . Cachexia is the result of increased energy consumption and higher metabolic rates . Based on our data, we envision that cancer leads to a generalized catabolic state via an autophagic-mechanism that generates building blocks and starves the rest of the body. While the exact signaling pathways governing this phenomenon are not yet fully elucidated, it is clear that oxidative stress-induced autophagy functions as a driver of muscle wasting . For example, skeletal muscles from tumor-bearing mice showed impaired Akt activation and a more than 50-fold induction of Bnip3, a well recognized marker of autophagy/mitophagy . These findings also help explain why patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes have an increased risk for the development of multiple epithelial cancers, due to their constitutive and systemic activation of the autophagic program, and the over-production of high-energy nutrients, such as lactate and ketones .
We have recently used laser-capture micro-dissection of the tumor stroma from human breast cancers to directly validate that a loss of stromal Cav-1 is transcriptionally associated with oxidative stress, hypoxia, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction, via gene-set enrichment analysis (Figure 4) . In addition, we see that oxidative stress in CAFs induces cytokine production via NFκB activation, directly linking inflammation with autophagy/catabolism in the tumor stroma . So, cachexia may start locally as stromal autophagy, and then spread systemically via cytokine production and inflammation, which also drive autophagy .
Molecular profiling of a Cav-1 deficient tumor micro-environment in breast cancer patients. (a) The transcriptional profiles of caveolin-1 (Cav-1)-positive (+) tumor stroma (N = 4) versus Cav-1-negative (-) tumor stroma (N = 7) were compared, via laser-capture microdissection. We identified 238 gene transcripts that were up-regulated and 232 gene transcripts that were down-regulated in the stroma of tumors showing a loss of Cav-1 expression. Note that the two patient populations are transcriptionally distinct. (b) The Cav-1-deficient stromal gene signature is associated with poor survival in estrogen receptor-positive and luminal A breast cancer patients. Note that the Cav-1-deficient stromal signature is clearly associated with decreased overall survival. (c) Heat maps of the gene transcripts associated with the response to hypoxia, glycolysis, and autophagy. Note that Cav-1-deficient stroma shows the up-regulation of hypoxia target genes (65 transcripts), glycolysis/pyruvate metabolism (15 transcripts), and autophagy (22 transcripts). Modified and reproduced with permission from .
In direct support that cancer cells use mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, many investigators have shown that cancer cells are 'addicted' to glutamine [24, 100]. Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that is metabolized to glutamate and enters the TCA cycle as alpha-ketoglutarate, resulting in high ATP generation via oxidative phosphorylation [2, 22, 101–103].
Recent studies also show that ammonia is a by-product of glutaminolysis [104–106]. In addition, ammonia can act as a diffusible inducer of autophagy [104–106]. Given these observations, glutamine addiction in cancer cells provides another mechanism for driving and/or maintaining autophagy in the tumor micro-environment (Figure 5). In support of this idea, we have previously shown that a loss of Cav-1 in the stroma is sufficient to drive autophagy, resulting in increased glutamine production in the tumor micro-environment .
Glutamine utilization in cancer cells and the tumor stroma. Oxidative mitochondrial metabolism of glutamine in cancer cells produces ammonia. Ammonia production is sufficient to induce autophagy. Thus, autophagy in cancer-associated fibroblasts provides cancer cells with an abundant source of glutamine. In turn, the ammonia produced maintains the autophagic phenotype of the adjacent stromal fibroblasts. See text for details. TCA, tricarboxylic acid.
Thus, this concept defines a new vicious cycle in which autophagy in the tumor stroma transfers glutamine to cancer cells, and the by-product of this metabolism, ammonia, maintains autophagic glutamine production (Figure 5). This model fits well with the 'autophagic tumor stroma model of cancer metabolism', in which energy-rich recycled nutrients (lactate, ketones, and glutamine) fuel oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells.
We have recently proposed that cancer cells behave like 'parasites', by inducing oxidative stress in normal host fibroblasts, resulting in the production of recycled nutrients via autophagy [41, 69, 78]. This is exactly the same mechanism by which infectious parasites (such as malaria) obtain nutrients and are propagated by inducing oxidative stress and autophagy in host cells [107–109]. In this regard, malaria is an 'intracellular' parasite, while cancer cells may be thought of as 'extracellular' parasites. This explains why chloroquine is both an effective anti-malarial drug and an effective anti-tumor agent, as it functions as an autophagy inhibitor , cutting off the 'fuel supply' in both disease states.
Are there any examples of cancer cells that act as infectious parasites? Surprisingly, the answer is yes . There are four known types: canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), which is a sexually transmitted disease that occurs in feral dogs - it is transmitted through coitus, licking/biting, or sniffing; devil facial tumor disease, spread among Tasmanian devils via facial biting [113, 114]; contagious reticulum cell sarcoma, which is transmitted between Syrian hamsters via mosquito bites [115, 116]; and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, which was transmitted from a cancer patient to his surgeon during an injury that occurred when the surgeon was operating.
These parasitic cancers are all transmitted by allografting, so the cancer cells literally 'metastasize' from one affected host to another 'naïve' host, in an infectious manner that does not involve a virus.
Experimentally, the most is known about CTVT. This disease is thought to have originated in ancient wolves or coyotes, and the tumor cells themselves act as the infectious agent. As such, these cancer cells are genetically distinct from their hosts, as determined by genomic sequence analysis of their nuclear DNA . CTVT represents the oldest known cancer cell line that has been continuously propagated, most likely for more than 10,000 years [118, 119].
Interestingly, it has recently been shown that CTVT tumor cells survive by periodically 'capturing' mitochondrial DNA from their hosts [119, 120]. Thus, it has been suggested that these CVCT tumor cells have survived for more than 10,000 years by maintaining and renewing their capacity for oxidative mitochondrial metabolism by 'stealing' host cell mitochondrial DNA [119, 120]. In accordance with this idea, CTVT is highly sensitive to adriamycin/doxorubicin therapy , a chemo-therapeutic agent that also functions as a mitochondrial poison.
Similarly, it has been independently shown that human cancer cells can 'steal' live mitochondria or mitochondrial DNA from adjacent mesenchymal stem cells in culture, which then rescues aerobic glycolysis in these cancer cells . This is known as mitochondrial transfer . Interestingly, others have shown that metastatic breast cancer cells show the up-regulation of numerous mitochondrial proteins , specifically associated with oxidative phosphorylation, as seen by unbiased proteomic analysis .
Thus, increased mitochondrial oxidative metabolism may be a key driver of tumor cell metastasis. In further support of this argument, treatment of MCF7 cancer cells with lactate is indeed sufficient to induce mitochondrial biogenesis in these cells [41, 78] (Figure 6). To determine if these findings may be clinically relevant, a lactate-induced gene signature was recently generated using MCF7 cells . This gene signature shows that lactate induces 'stemness' in cancer cells, and this lactate-induced gene signature predicts poor clinical outcome (including tumor recurrence and metastasis) in breast cancer patients (Figure 6). These findings are consistent with experiments showing that intraperitoneal injection of lactate in an MDA-MB-231 xenograft model results in an approximately ten-fold increase in lung metastasis .
Lactate treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells drives mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to poor survival in a subset of luminal A breast cancer patients. (a) Lactate-treated (10 mM) MCF7 cells show a significant increase in mitochondrial mass, as visualized by staining with antibodies against mitochondrial marker proteins. (b) Lactate-treated (10 mM) MCF7 cells were subjected to transcriptional profiling (exon-array) to generate a gene signature. Interestingly, this lactate-induced gene signature predicts poor clinical outcome in estrogen receptor-positive/luminal A breast cancer patients, which represent nearly 60 to 70% of cases, and is the most common type of breast cancer. Modified and reproduced with permission from .
MPL and his laboratory were supported by grants from the NIH/NCI (R01-CA-080250; R01-CA-098779; R01-CA-120876; R01-AR-055660), and the Susan G Komen Breast Cancer Foundation. FS was supported by grants from the WW Smith Charitable Trust, the Breast Cancer Alliance (BCA), and a Research Scholar Grant from the American Cancer Society (ACS). RGP was supported by grants from the NIH/NCI (R01-CA-70896, R01-CA-75503, R01-CA-86072, and R01-CA-107382) and the Dr Ralph and Marian C Falk Medical Research Trust. The Kimmel Cancer Center was supported by the NIH/NCI Cancer Center Core grant P30-CA-56036 (to RGP). Funds were also contributed by the Margaret Q Landenberger Research Foundation (to MPL). This project is funded, in part, under a grant with the Pennsylvania Department of Health (to MPL). The Department specifically disclaims responsibility for any analyses, interpretations or conclusions. This work was also supported, in part, by a Centre grant in Manchester from Breakthrough Breast Cancer in the UK (to AH) and an Advanced ERC Grant from the European Research Council. Dr MP Lisanti would especially like to thank Drs Craig B Thompson, Tak W Mak, Michel L Tremblay, and Robert S DiPaola (other participants of the ASBMB/AACR 2011 Meetings) for their feedback, thoughtful comments, and helpful suggestions. This review was recently presented as a lecture at the AACR 2011 Meeting in the Educational Session 'Autophagy and Cell Death' on 2 April 2011 (Orlando, FL). It was also presented as a lecture at the Experimental Biology 2011-ASBMB Meeting (Washington, DC) at the session on 'Metabolism and Cancer' on 13 April 2011.
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0.995322 |
Guide The Ball is a physics based puzzle game. Navigate through barriers, traps and other hazards by building pathways to roll a ball through the map. Plan, build and create your own solutions to over 300 levels spread out through 10 distinct areas, each with their own unique hazards, effects and game-play. Originally a mobile game.-Create your own solutions: Use different sized blocks to create a solution to each puzzle.-Find your own path: Each level can have multiple solutions to victory.-Fresh and new Game-play: Each level has it's own challenge and all 10 areas have new game mechanics to keep you challenged.-Over 40+ hours of game-play.
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0.996882 |
What could be more quintessentially British than a delicious afternoon tea served in charming surroundings? Give in to tea and cake cravings at one of a range of hand-picked venues, including elegant hotel restaurants and lounges. What's included will vary according to the location chosen - for example be served a traditional English cream tea, a tea with finger sandwiches and homemade cakes, fancy pastries and champagne, or cakes and cocktails. Whichever it is, find the perfect spot to relax on any occasion from Mother's Day to 40th birthday celebrations, and indulge and while away an afternoon. Tuck in!
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0.939043 |
Which phone should I buy? iPhone 5 or Samsung Galaxy S3. Give details to support your answer, the storage, the screen, Which display is better, more case choice, more apps, etc.
My opinion is that Galaxy s3, this is due to its less expensiveness aswell to buy "Extras" it cost less!
Iphone has a better camera currently.
Andriod the apps come a week after they are on Iphone.
Andriod much cooler and getting better every year!
The thing is you should chose a phone you might want to keep for a long time (i would take s3) better specs in comparison but its all about what you want, if you want a camera phone then get iPhone or else Android is far better !
Don't get the Galaxy S3, since it is already a year old and will most likely be replaced in as little as a month.
Camera: Same back camera but the GS3 wins with a 1.9 megapixel camera in the front as opposed to the 1.2 megapixel of the iphone. I find that the iphone takes better pictures but the GS3 blew me away in video capture.
Cases: There wil be more cases for the iphone but the very popular Lifeproof case announced that they will be making a GS3 case.
Apps: There will be more useful apps on Apple's app store but I have had no problem finding apps for my S3 on Google Play.
Battery: the GS3 is said to have better battery life and I believe this is true but my S3 went down in efficiency with the battery for 16 minutes/percent to 10.6 minutes/percent. The S3's battery is also removable.
Overall: If you are a fan of IOS, get the iphone but if you are in between and really can't decide, there are other choices like the Lumia 920 which beats the iphone and the S3 in some categories. I really like my S3 and I would absolutely recommend it, and there are also features that you get with either that can sway your decision. I would go with the GS3!
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0.999999 |
How to make someone speak a language that they don't know.
Abstract: We present a simple idea that allows to record a speaker in a given language and synthesize their voice in other languages that they may not even know. These techniques open a wide range of potential applications such as cross-language communication, language learning or automatic video dubbing. We call this general problem multi-language speaker-conditioned speech synthesis and we present a simple but strong baseline for it. Our model architecture is similar to the encoder-decoder Char2Wav model or Tacotron. The main difference is that, instead of conditioning on characters or phonemes that are specific to a given language, we condition on a shared phonetic representation that is universal to all languages. This cross-language phonetic representation of text allows to synthesize speech in any language while preserving the vocal characteristics of the original speaker. Furthermore, we show that fine-tuning the weights of our model allows us to extend our results to speakers outside of the training dataset.
TL;DR: We present a simple idea that allows to record a speaker in a given language and synthesize their voice in other languages that they may not even know.
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0.972919 |
With so many types of nut butters, how do you use each one differently? Get creative and go beyond peanut butter and jelly sandwiches by trying these 10 ideas and recipes using nut butters!
From cashew to almond butter, the world of nut butters has dramatically evolved. With so many types of nut butters, how do they uniquely come into use? Get creative and go beyond the infamous peanut butter and jelly sandwich by trying these 10 ideas and recipes using nut butters!
Adding in nut butters can amplify protein and healthy fats in a smoothie. Use peanut butter and berries for a nontraditional peanut butter and jelly, almond butter and chocolate protein powder for a chocolate covered almond, or mix macadamia nut butter with pineapple and coconut for a tropical, Hawaiian flavor.
People generally stray away from oats related to the bland flavor in its simplest form. However, oats can be extremely versatile and offer bountiful nutrients and fiber. While warm, mix in a dollop of peanut butter for a creamy, tasty bowl of oats!
Say no to large pours of maple syrups and let the richness of nut butter top off your next batch of flapjacks. For optimal nutrients, choose a whole grain pancake or waffle. Get creative with additional toppings such as banana, apple, and honey.
Accelerate the flavor of Greek yogurt by layering it with any type of nut butter. Experiment with textures by using a chunky or creamy butter. Kick start the day and let nut butter yogurt embrace all your favorite yogurt toppings!
Peanut butter in chili...? Do not let the uniqueness throw you off! Adding in a half cup of peanut butter further maximizes not only the richness of chili, but the protein and healthy fats chili is known to provide.
Like chili, nut butters can be added into stews. The next time you prepare your favorite beef stew recipe, enhance the creaminess with a half cup of smooth peanut butter. Bulk with extra veggies for an exceptionally well-rounded dinner abundant in healthy fats, nutrients, and protein.
Thai dishes typically highlight peanut sauces. Ordering out, though, may contain a little bit more fat and ingredients than what you may have expected. Create this Pad Thai dish and sauce at home to limit unwanted ingredients without negotiating flavor. Other proteins, such as lean beef, can also be swapped for the chicken if desired. Do not be reluctant to add in other favorite veggies!
Instead of resorting to fried rolls, enjoy these light and nutritious spring rolls. Pair with this Asian-inspired peanut butter sauce for ignited flavors! Additionally, sauce compliments fresh veggies such as cucumber, carrot, and bell pepper.
Yes, cookies can fit into a healthy diet! This guilt and gluten-free cookie recipe features almond butter, but you can swap and switch out nut butters to your liking.
For a healthy snack to satisfy the taste buds of all ages, chop up fruit and dip into nut butters. Apples, bananas, and strawberries all compliment peanut butter. For added protein, mix nut butters with plain Greek yogurt!
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0.938606 |
Dukkha (Pa-li; according to grammatical tradition from Sanskrit dus-kha "uneasy", but according to Monier-Williams more likely a Prakritized form of dus-stha "unsteady, disquieted") is a central concept in Buddhism, the word roughly corresponding to a number of terms in English including sorrow, suffering (or pain), affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration. The term is probably derived from duh.stha, "standing badly," "unsteady," "uneasy."
In classic Sanskrit, the term dukkha was often compared to a large potter's wheel that would screech as it was spun around, and did not turn smoothly. The opposite of dukkha was the term sukkha, which brought to mind a potter's wheel that turned smoothly and noiselessly. In other Buddhist-influenced cultures, similar imagery was used to describe dukkha. An example from China is the cart with one wheel that is slightly broken, so that the rider is jolted each time the wheel rolls over the broken spot.
Although dukkha is often translated as "suffering", its philosophical meaning is more complex. It also contains such deeper ideas as "imperfection", "unease", "anguish" and "unsatisfactoriness". "Suffering" is too narrow a translation with "negative emotional connotations" (Jeffrey Po) and it is sometimes best to leave dukkha untranslated. The translation into "suffering" gives the impression that the Buddhist view is one of pessimism, but Buddhism is neither pessimistic nor optimistic.
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0.959377 |
Is the Honor 9N the best budget phone in the market today?
The Honor 9N has a lot going for it that makes it the best smartphone in the budget segment. Let's talk about the internals.
The Honor 9N sports a 2.5D glass body covering the 5.84-inch FHD+ 19:9 notched screen and the vibrant glossy back.
There was a time when buying a ‘budget’ smartphone meant compromising on a host of features. Mobile manufacturers used to skimp on sensors, features, and most importantly, the build quality of the device. These norms, thankfully, have changed with time. Owing to players like Huawei and its sub-brand Honor, affording flagship like design is easier than ever. If two years ago, someone said that you could get a dual camera smartphone with blazing fast performance and a stellar design for as little as ?11,999, it would’ve seemed unrealistic at best. But launched in June 2018, the Honor 9N gives you just that, and then some.
The Honor 9N has a lot going for it that makes it the best smartphone in the budget segment. Let’s talk about the internals. The smartphone is powered by an Octa-core Kirin 659 processor coupled with either 3GB or 4GB RAM and either 32GB, 64GB, or 128GB storage. This, coupled with the intuitive EMUI 8.0 OS makes up for a lag-free experience even after long hours of usage. There are several AI features present as well, to make the experience smoother.
Coming to the cameras, the Honor 9N has a dual-camera setup on the back, comprising of 13MP+2MP shooters. The PDAF and the portrait mode help in clicking stunning photos with professional level bokeh effect. For selfies, there is a 16MP iso-enhanced front camera with 3D beautification and ‘4 in 1 Light Fusion’ technology to help you take clear photos with incredible detail even in low light. There is also an AR lens option through which you can instantly change the background of your images. The camera’s Pro mode lets you tweak settings like ISO, exposure, and focus. Other modes available include a pro video mode, night shot, time-lapse, filters, watermark, light painting, panorama and more.
The Honor 9N sports a 2.5D glass body covering the 5.84-inch FHD+ 19:9 notched screen and the vibrant glossy back. The phone looks premium, owing to its thin bezels (79% screen to body ratio), compact size, and a 12-layer mirrored rear design with a Nano-scale optical coating. It has a fingerprint sensor as well as face unlock sensor. If you are a frequent bike rider, the phone has an inbuilt ‘Ride Mode’ that helps you manage your calls and messages and make your journey safe.
The phone has a party mode, with which you can play a song on one phone and connect it to maximum 6 devices to play in-sync music. Which means, 7 phones playing the same track at the same time! Backed by a 3000mAh battery that should last a full day on moderate to heavy use, the Honor 9N is a complete package that you get practically at a bargain. No other device has these many USPs and such a compact design. With a starting price of 11,999, this smartphone is the best sub-15K device out there.
The smartphone is available exclusively on Flipkart in four unique colors namely the sapphire blue, midnight black, robin egg blue and Lavender purple.
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0.927822 |
Chocolate Chip Cookies OF DOOM!!
Soften the Baking Margarine in the microwave of 10-15 seconds, Cream these ingredients together first with a spoon, then thoroughly with a whisk.
Mix the dry ingredients in completely with a sturdy spoon until it is all a uniform consistency.
Mix the Chocolate Chips in with your hands until mixed throughout.
Bake on un-greased pan at 350 for 10-12 minutes.
Oh wow that looks so so good, I definitely need to try this one out.
But what does anthropomorphic mean?
2. resembling or made to resemble a human form: an anthropomorphic carving.
In this sense I am ascribing the human expressions of: "Delicious, Victory, and Contentment' to a inanimate object.
To say, "It's MADE of -Delicious!-" Is a use of "Anthropomorphism," because the cookie isn't made of anything but it's ingredients, it just happens to be delicious to taste.
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0.988776 |
Can gluten sensitivity or celiac be triggered suddenly after the type of bread changes? For example, from using regular store-bought high-fiber bread to homemade bread using bread flour. My daughters' symptoms include watery/liquid stools, recent bloating, sore tummy, more irritable during physical activity, increased fatigue, absent fever, still interested in food.
It is unlikely that changing the type of bread would trigger such a reaction. This is not a scenario that we typically encounter. Sometimes there can be increased symptoms with an increased amount of gluten in the diet (increased gluten load). But, generally, patients with gluten sensitivity react to gluten in all forms. It is possible that the symptoms were due to a viral illness that occurred at the same time. If the symptoms are persistent, however, I would recommend a visit with your pediatric gastroenterologist.
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0.94714 |
Augustinčić was born in the small town of Klanjec in the Hrvatsko Zagorje region in northern Croatia, which was at the time part of Austria-Hungary. In 1918 he enrolled at the Arts and Crafts College in Zagreb, where he studied sculpting under professors Rudolf Valdec and Robert Frangeš. After the college became the Royal Academy of Arts and Crafts in 1922, he studied under the guidance of Ivan Meštrović until his graduation in 1924. He then received a scholarship from the French government and continued his studies at the École des Arts Décoratifs and École des Beaux-Arts in Paris under the guidance of Jean Antoine Injalbert.
In 1925 and 1926 Augustinčić held his first exhibitions in Paris, before returning to Zagreb and exhibiting in Zagreb in 1926 and then again in 1927 in Lwów and Zagreb. In 1929 he was one of the founding members of the Earth Group (Croatian: Grupa Zemlja) arts collective which brought together prominent left-oriented sculptors, painters and architects, such as Drago Ibler, Krsto Hegedušić, Ivan Tabaković, Ivan Generalić, and many others. Augustinčić took part in several exhibitions organised by the group between 1929 and 1933, when he left the group, two years before it was banned by the authorities in 1935.
In 1930 Augustinčić created his first equestrian sculpture for the monument in Niš, after his design won the competition out of the 23 works submitted, with prominent Yugoslav sculptors Risto Stijović and Sreten Stojanović coming in second and third. From then on equestrian statues became one the hallmarks of his career, notable examples being the monument to Józef Piłsudski in Katowice, Poland (commissioned in the 1930s but placed in 1991) and his most notable work, the Peace monument, erected in front of the United Nations building in New York in 1954. In the late 1930s he also created a couple of monuments to King Alexander in Sombor and Skopje (which were later destroyed in World War II), as well as several sculptures of Croatian politician Stjepan Radić. Other notable works from this period include a number of family tomb headstones at the Mirogoj Cemetery in Zagreb, including Sorrow (1930), Moses (1932) and Icarus (1935).
In 1940 he became a corresponding member of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts (JAZU) and his works were featured in the 1940 documentary film Croatian Sculptors (German title: Bilhauerkunst in Kroatien) filmed by Oktavijan Miletić. During the war Augustinčić remained active and was commissioned to sculpt a bust of the Croatian Poglavnik Ante Pavelić.
In 1946 Augustinčić became a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Zagreb, and after the war he was made a member of the People's Assembly.
In 1949 he was made a full member of the Yugoslav Academy, and from the 1950s onwards he started making portraits, art nudes and figurative sculptures. In the years after the war he made a number of notable sculptures, such as the monuments to Josip Broz Tito in Tito's birthplace of Kumrovec (1948), politician Moša Pijade (1953), violinist Zlatko Baloković (1962), 16th century Croatian writer Marin Držić (1963) and many others. His most important sculpture in this period is The Carrying of the Wounded (Croatian: Nošenje ranjenika), which evolved from a sketch made in 1944 and which he used as a recurring motif in a number of monuments he created in the following three decades, one of which can be seen in front of the Faculty of Medicine in Zagreb.
Augustinčić, together with the Serbian painter Đorđe Andrejević-Kun, also designed all of the Yugoslav orders and decorations, and he also created the coat of arms of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (with Vanja Radauš).
In 1970 Augustinčić donated his works to his native town of Klanjec, where a gallery exhibiting his works opened in 1976. His last great work was the memorial dedicated to the 1573 Peasants' Revolt and its leader Matija Gubec, which was erected near Oršić Castle in Gornja Stubica in 1973. The monument is made of bronze and stone and features a relief covering 180 square metres.
The monument dedicated to the liberators is located at the central location of the city, King Milan Square. It presents the period of wars for liberation waged against the Turks, Bulgarians, and Germans. The monument contains inscriptions on the four most significant years of this period: 1874 and 1877 – the period of the fight for liberation from the Turks, and 1915 and 1918 – the beginning of the occupation and the liberation of the city in World War One. The monument is made of black marble and has a broad base with four reliefs, a bronze sculpture and a high pedestal whose lower part exhibits figural compositions of soldiers fighting. At the top of the monument there is a natural size horse rider – the Herald of Liberty, holding a flag. The monument was presented to the public on 28 June 1937, on the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Nis from the Turks. This monumental sculpture is one of the most significant creations of more modern Yugoslav art, made by the well known sculptor from Zagreb, Croatia, Antun Augustincic. In 1983 it became protected by the law as part of the national heritage.
1.^ a b c d Gudelj, Petar (2009-07-06). "Antun Augustinčić" (in Croatian). Imotske novine. Retrieved 2010-02-05.
2.^ a b c "Curriculum Vitae". The Antun Augustinčić Gallery. Retrieved 2010-02-05.
3.^ "The Monument to Liberators of Nis at King Milan Square". Tourist Bureau Niš. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
4.^ a b c "List of executed monuments". The Antun Augustinčić Gallery. Retrieved 2010-02-05.
5.^ "List of executed tombstones". The Antun Augustinčić Gallery. Retrieved 2010-02-05.
6.^ Peterlić, Ante; Majcen, Vjekoslav (2000) (in Croatian). Oktavijan Miletić. Hrvatski državni arhiv. pp. 167. ISBN 9536005395.
9.^ Stuparić, Darko (1978) (in Croatian). Diplomati izvan protokola : ambasadori Titove Jugoslavije. Centar za kulturnu djelatnost Saveza socijalističke omladine Zagreba. pp. 75.
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Hezekiah spread the letter before the Lord (2 Kings 19:14). Woodcut by Rudolf Sch�fer (1929) in illustrated German Bible. Larger image.
14And Hezekiah received the letter of the hand of the messengers, and read it: and Hezekiah went up into the house of the LORD, and spread it before the LORD. 15And Hezekiah prayed to the LORD: "O LORD, God of Israel, enthroned between the cherubim, you alone are God over all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made heaven and earth. 16Give ear, O Lord, and hear; open your eyes, O LORD, and see; listen to the words Sennacherib has sent to insult the living God.
17"It is true, O LORD, that the Assyrian kings have laid waste these nations and their lands. 18They have thrown their gods into the fire and destroyed them, for they were not gods but only wood and stone, fashioned by men's hands. 19Now, O LORD our God, deliver us from his hand, so that all kingdoms on earth may know that you alone, O LORD, are God."
1In those days Hezekiah became ill and was at the point of death. The prophet Isaiah son of Amoz went to him and said, "This is what the Lord says: Put your house in order, because you are going to die; you will not recover."
2Hezekiah turned his face to the wall and prayed to the LORD, 3"Remember, O LORD, how I have walked before you faithfully and with wholehearted devotion and have done what is good in your eyes." And Hezekiah wept bitterly.
4Before Isaiah had left the middle court, the word of the LORD came to him: 5"Go back and tell Hezekiah, the leader of my people, 'This is what the LORD, the God of your father David, says: I have heard your prayer and seen your tears; I will heal you. On the third day from now you will go up to the temple of the LORD. 6I will add fifteen years to your life. And I will deliver you and this city from the hand of the king of Assyria. I will defend this city for my sake and for the sake of my servant David.' "
7Then Isaiah said, "Prepare a poultice of figs." They did so and applied it to the boil, and he recovered.
Imagine the scene. The Assyrian army, the most powerful military force on earth, is ravaging the countryside a few miles away, threatening weaker cities into submission and destroying the rest, carting away their riches and levying a burdensome annual tax that bleeds the nation even more. Hundreds of thousands of enemy soldiers are within a two or three days march.
You are Hezekiah, king of Judah, caught in the middle. Your capital is the fortress city of Jerusalem, high on the mountain chain that bisects Palestine. Stress is your daily companion. One report follows another of a city breached and burned, another cowed into submission. None is able to stand before the Assyrian army.
Your people quail in fear, many calling for you to submit to Assyrians. "Resistance is hopeless," they cry. "You'll get us all killed." Yet you are a believer in Yahweh, the true God. "He will save us," you tell your people. Times couldn't be more desperate, more bleak, more filled with violence. How do you pray in a time like this? What do you say to God?
Judah was a relatively small country caught between the nutcracker of Assyria (present-day Iraq) and the Egyptians, who encouraged rebellion against Assyria. While the dating and order of events of this time period are confusing,1here is the gist of what is going on.
The Assyrians controlled the countries to the north and west of Judah. Previous Assyrian kings had attacked the Northern Kingdom of Samaria -- Tiglath Pileser III (745-727 BC), Shalmanezer V (727-722), and Sargon II (722-705). Samaria finally fell in 722 BC and the Northern Kingdom ceased to exist (2 Kings 17:3-6; 18:9-12). The Assyrian kings also conquered Philistine cities west of Judah and imposed a tribute upon Hezekiah's father.
Calling a national Passover (2 Chronicles 29:5-11).
Reopening the temple, which had been closed by his father, repairing it, and reorganizing its services, priests, and Levites (2 Chronicles 31:11-21).
Opposing idol worship (2 Chronicles 30:14), toppling the hilltop "high places" where Baal was worshipped, smashing sacred stones, cutting down Asherah poles, and destroying Moses' bronze snake that had become an object of worship (2 Kings 18:4).
When Sargon II conquered the Philistine city of Ashdod in 711, Hezekiah avoided war. But when Assyrian troops departed, Hezekiah began to assert independence. "He rebelled against the king of Assyria and did not serve him" (1 Kings 18:7). He stopped paying tribute and expanded Judah's influence by attacking Philistine cities as far as Gaza that were allies of Assyria (18:8). Hezekiah was one of the chief ringleaders in a rebellion against Assyria.
Tunneling a shaft through 1,748 feet of solid rock to supply water to the city in time of siege (2 Kings 20:20).
Stopping up springs around Jerusalem that could supply water to an attacking Assyrian army (2 Chronicles 32:1-4).
Extending and strengthening the wall of Jerusalem (2 Chronicles 32:5a).
Increasing the production of shields and weapons (2 Chronicles 32:5b).
Records of Sennacherib's military campaigns are incised on this 6-sided baked clay prism in tiny cuneiform script. In the Museum of the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. Larger image.
"So Hezekiah king of Judah sent this message to the king of Assyria at Lachish: 'I have done wrong. Withdraw from me, and I will pay whatever you demand of me.' The king of Assyria exacted from Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold. So Hezekiah gave him all the silver that was found in the temple of the LORD and in the treasuries of the royal palace. At this time Hezekiah king of Judah stripped off the gold with which he had covered the doors and doorposts of the temple of the LORD, and gave it to the king of Assyria." (2 Kings 18:14-15).
The prophet Isaiah reassured Hezekiah, and the Assyrian army withdrew to fight the Egyptians (2 Kings 19:9). Then a letter came to Hezekiah demanding that he surrender Jerusalem. We'll pause now and consider Hezekiah's prayer in verses 14-19.
Detail of Sennacherib on his throne about 701 BC. From wall relief, "Capitulation of Lachish in Palestine," Southwest Palace of Sennacherib, Nineveh. Larger image.
When Hezekiah receives the letter, he brings it before the Lord and spreads it out for God to read. He reads it to God and observes that the insult is to the living God far more than it is to Hezekiah himself. This is God's insult and demand's God's response.
Think of the pressure we take upon ourselves when we try to be the general in God's battles. We get discouraged. We give up. We fold our tents and go home. We can't handle it. But when we actually believe that the battle is the Lord's to fight, then we let him be the general and just follow his orders. Yes, we're under the stress of battle, but not the stress of trying to play God.
Q1. (19:14) What is the significance of Hezekiah spreading out the enemy's message before the Lord? What is the underlying principle illustrated here? How can we apply this principle to our own lives? What happens when we don't apply this principle?
Hezekiah brings the letter before the Lord and begins his prayer.
This corresponds to the magnificent opening of the Lord's Prayer, "Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name." Hezekiah begins his prayer with an awesome vision of who God really is.
"LORD" is the Hebrew personal, specific name of God, pronounced "YAW-whey." The Jews felt that the name of the Lord was too holy to even pronounce, and substituted for it when reading or speaking the word Adonai, "lord." In most English Bibles when you see LORD in small caps it indicates Yahweh. Hezekiah calls his God by name.
"God of Israel." Israel is the name God gave to Jacob (Genesis 32:28) and is applied to the nation. In the period of the divided kingdom, Israel was generally used to designate the Northern Kingdom as opposed to Judah, the Southern Kingdom. It is significant that Hezekiah uses this term, shortly after the fall of the Northern Kingdom, to refer to the remaining remnant of God's people.
"Enthroned between the cherubim." "Enthroned" (NIV, NRSV) and "dwellest" (KJV) is the common verb yāshab, "sit, remain, dwell." Cherubim is the plural of kerûb, "angelic beings who are represented as part human, part animal."3The reference here is to the pair of cherubs facing each other whose wings overshadow the cover of the ark of the covenant (Exodus 25:20). The ark of the covenant typified the throne of God in the Holy of Holies -- the cover or "mercy seat" as his dwelling place and the cherubim serving as guardians on each side. (For more on this, see my comments and illustrations in "Near Eastern Thrones and the Ark of the Covenant", www.jesuswalk.com/kingdom/thrones.htm). Hezekiah prays to Yahweh whom he sees as enthroned between the cherubim, in a much higher place than any earthly king. His vision of God drives his own faith in Yahweh's power.
"You alone are God over all the kingdoms of the earth." Hezekiah is a monotheist, a believer in one God. And he asserts that God's reign extends over and encompasses every human kingdom on earth, including the Assyrian empire.
"You have made heaven and earth." Hezekiah sees no limitation to God's power, since he made heaven and earth and can control anything within them. In 1952, J.B. Phillips wrote Your God Is Too Small (Touchstone, reprint 1997, ISBN 0684846969). The title says it all. If our own vision of God is small, we'll never ask of him great things. Hezekiah's prayer springs from his faith in the God of creation.
"O LORD, God of Israel, enthroned between the cherubim, you alone are God over all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made heaven and earth. 16Give ear, O Lord, and hear; open your eyes, O LORD, and see; listen to the words Sennacherib has sent to insult the living God.
The actual petition is quite brief: "Deliver us from his hand!" The basis of Hezekiah's appeal is that God be seen by the nations as the only true God.
Q2. (19:15) How do the first two sentences of Hezekiah's prayer (verse 15) correspond to the first sentence of the Lord's Prayer? How are they important to faith? How are they important to God answering the prayer?
"That night the angel of the LORD went out and put to death a hundred and eighty-five thousand men in the Assyrian camp. When the people got up the next morning -- there were all the dead bodies! So Sennacherib king of Assyria broke camp and withdrew. He returned to Nineveh and stayed there.
God answered Hezekiah's prayer, but then another crisis loomed.
The timing of the illness, "in those days," can't be determined exactly,4but it may well have taken place around 701 BC at the time of Sennacharib's campaign. From God's response to Hezekiah's prayer through the Prophet Isaiah (20:6b), it sounds like Sennacharib's presence was still threatening Jerusalem at this time. What a time to fall ill and die! What a difficult time this would have been to leave his country leaderless!
Hezekiah mortal illness involved a boil (20:7), Hebrew shehîn, "boil, enflamed spot."5This may have been a furuncle or carbuncle, the latter being "a more extensive inflammation of the skin, usually attended by a lowering of bodily resistance, and it can prove fatal."6To us, most infections are easily cured with antibiotics, but in those days, a serious infection could bring death.
You may think it cruel to tell Hezekiah to "Put your house in order," but it was really a kindness. It is likely that he had no clear successor at that point. If this took place in 701, it was before his son Manasseh was born. Hezekiah needed to name a successor so leadership would pass to another at his death without palace intrigues and unnecessary disruption to the kingdom.
But Hezekiah did respond in prayer and faith, and God changed his mind. Let's examine Hezekiah's short prayer.
The common English translations of the adjective describing Hezekiah's weeping do us a disservice. "Bitterly" (NIV, NRSV) and "sore" (KJV) suggest a wrong attitude on Hezekiah's part where the text doesn't imply any. The adjective is gādōl, "great," indicating "many" in number and other intensified concepts like "loudness" in sound, being old in years," etc.8A good translation in this context is "profusely." Hezekiah wept a lot; he wept profusely.
What kind of a baby is Hezekiah? Isn't it interesting how we westerners tend to see tears as a sign of weakness in a man? "Real men don't cry," is the way we train our sons. It's part of the macho exterior that men try to project. But in Hezekiah's culture, men were able to admit and express their emotions openly. It was no shame to cry when under stress.
Was Hezekiah terrified of death? Was he a faithless whiner? Certainly he did not look forward to death with the same longing as Paul, who saw it as "far better" (Philippians 1:23). But it is unfair to judge him by our knowledge this side of the cross. Hezekiah didn't know about eternal life in the presence of God; it was a later revelation.
His tears probably represent more than a fear of death. As mentioned above, it is likely that he had no heir yet, no one to carry on the line of Davidic kings promised centuries before that would culminate in a Messiah (2 Samuel 7:11-16). Hezekiah was a godly man who hoped in God. Young suggests: "Hezekiah could well be facing the same temptation that came to Abraham when he was commanded to offer up his son (Genesis 22:1)"9-- that is, the conflict of God's promise concerning his offspring with God's command that seemed to conflict with the promise.
What does it mean, "Hezekiah turned his face to the wall and prayed to the Lord...."? Is this a childish, petulant response to an unwelcome word from God's prophet? I don't think so.
He is in his own bedroom, probably hovered over by various counselors, officers, and physicians who are concerned at the impending death of this strong and godly king. To be alone with God that he might pray with some privacy and without interruption, he turns to the wall. God has been his help in crisis many times. He turns to God now in earnest and heartfelt prayer. His tears are tears of emotion and struggle. You've been there. You know. Hezekiah is a human, weakened by illness, facing the heavy responsibilities of defending his nation against its enemies. In addition, now he faces death and the burden of succession.
"Prayed" is pālal, "intervene, interpose, pray," the most common Hebrew root for prayer and praying, the verb occurring 84 times in the Old Testament. Though the exact derivation of the root is a matter of conjecture, both the verb and the noun (tepillâ, 20:5) refer most often to intercessory prayer.10Here he petitions God strongly for his own life, but because of his position and responsibility, he also prays for his nation's uncertain future -- under military pressure, leaderless, and without a successor that can inspire national unity and resistance.
"When he does wrong, I will punish him with the rod of men, with floggings inflicted by men. But my love will never be taken away from him, as I took it away from Saul, whom I removed from before you. Your house and your kingdom will endure forever before me; your throne will be established forever" (2 Samuel 7:14-16).
Hezekiah, I am sure, had not reached sinless perfection, but he had been careful (unlike his father) to live a godly, righteous, and faithful life before the Lord. He had been zealous for the Lord, in the face of much pressure and criticism from idolaters. He had encouraged the people with confidence and trust in God when threatened by his enemies. Hezekiah not only talked about a righteous life. He lived it! He walked the walk!
Q3. Why is Hezekiah's healing important for his nation? How did it relate to God's promises to David?
Wow! God's answer is both amazing and wonderful. A saint of God prays and immediately God both changes his mind and sends alternate instructions to his prophet. A few minutes after Hezekiah prays, Isaiah returns to his bedroom. Hezekiah is still lying on his side facing the wall. Isaiah says: "Hezekiah, this is what the LORD, the God of your father David, says...." Hezekiah turns over with wonder and joy on his face.
According to Pliny, figs were used for the cure of ulcers.11Did the poultice of figs cure Hezekiah? It was probably instrumental, but only because God enabled it. Prior to this, Hezekiah was about to die and no figs would have helped. It is God who turned the situation around! Within three days Hezekiah would be strong enough to get out of bed and to go up to the temple (verse 6d).
I've heard people accuse Hezekiah of selfishness in his prayer for healing. The result of his prayer, this argument contends, is the birth of Manasseh, the worst king Judah had ever seen. If Hezekiah hadn't asked for healing, Manasseh would never have been born. Be careful what you pray for!
This argument is specious and weak.
Judah had a long history of bad kings before and after Hezekiah. Hezekiah isn't responsible for Manesseh's sins any more than God is.
Without Manasseh, we wouldn't have had Josiah the boy king who brought about great reforms.
Beyond seeking to pray within the boundaries of what we know to be God's will, the dictum of "Be careful what you pray for," is useless. No one can see the future but God. No one could have predicted Manasseh's wickedness except God himself.
We pray to a Father who gives us what is good for us, not what is bad for us (Matthew 7:7-11). We can trust our prayers to a loving Father, who knows better that we do.
God chose to answer Hezekiah's prayer and to bless him during his lifetime. Let's not confuse this by second-guessing.
Why Did God Grant Hezekiah's Prayer?
Hezekiah prayed. If he hadn't asked, God would have continued with the plan announced by Isaiah -- an early death. James says, "You do not have, because you do not ask God...." (James 4:2b).
Promises made to David centuries before. The Lord identifies himself as "the God of your father David..." (verse 5b) and says he will defend the city "for the sake of my servant David" (verse 6b).
Respect for Hezekiah's leadership role. "Hezekiah, the leader of my people" (verse 5a).
Concern for Jerusalem's welfare. I will deliver you and this city from the hand of the king of Assyria. I will defend this city...." (verse 6).
Honor for Hezekiah's upright life. "I have heard your prayer," indicates that he has heard Hezekiah's implied prayer and honored the basis on which he made it, an upright life.
Love for Hezekiah. "I have heard your prayer and seen your tears" (verse 5c). Hezekiah loves God and God loves Hezekiah. The Father has seen his child's tears and responded.
You, dear friend, are also loved by God. He has redeemed you by the blood of Jesus, which cannot be valued because it is so costly. He has made promises to you. He has encouraged you to pray to him. You may not be a king, but you have influence important to the kingdom. I encourage you to pray.
I also encourage you to consider personal holiness. Sometimes God answers the prayers of rank sinners and backslidden Christians. But his ear is particularly open to his children who seek to be obedient to him.
Consider your own children's petitions. When your child is being openly rebellious, are you quick to respond to his demands? No, you withhold everything except the necessities so your actions aren't construed as rewarding disobedience. But when your child is compliant and obedient -- and asks for something special -- you think twice about saying no. You want to say yes. And if it won't hurt him, you'll often give it to him.
This doesn't mean you must be sinless to get your prayers answered. Hezekiah wasn't sinless (2 Chronicles 32:26). He had made mistakes, wrong decisions, and had moments that reflect a weakness of faith. But Hezekiah made an honest attempt to follow God in his life and repented when he was convicted of his sin. God honored this with blessing, success, and answered prayer.
In no way do I want to imply that God owes us anything, that salvation is by works rather than grace. This isn't a works-righteousness mentality. It's just good heavenly parenting. All God's gifts are by grace -- his own favor towards us, which is neither earned nor deserved.
But God does honor the prayers of the upright over those of the backslidden. James teaches us: "The prayer of a righteous man is powerful and effective" (James 5:16b).
Q4. (20:3) What is the basis on which Hezekiah asks for healing? Why is personal righteousness and holiness important in getting your prayers answered? How can unrighteousness prevent answered prayer if all gifts from God are by grace anyway?
What do I learn from Hezekiah's example of a prayer that God will answer? God's heart is open to the prayer of his child seeking to live a faithful, upright, righteous life. Since God has less need for discipline, he has greater freedom to grant us answers to our prayers without hurting us.
Can you pray Hezekiah's simple prayer? "Remember, O LORD, how I have walked before you faithfully and with wholehearted devotion and have done what is good in your eyes." I hope so.
Father, help us to move from being unruly children to the place where you don't need to discipline us so much. Help us to be like your servant Hezekiah, who trusted in you and your promises with all his heart, and wasn't afraid to ask you for what he needed. Help us grow. In Jesus' name, we pray. Amen.
E.J. Young discusses the various problems of dating and reconciling accounts in a long and detailed appendix (Edward J. Young, The Book of Isaiah (Eerdmans, 1969), Vol. 2, Appendix 1, pp. 540-555). The period is also discussed in Donald J. Wiseman, 1 & 2 Kings: An Introduction and Commentary (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries; InterVarsity Press, 1993), pp. 271-285; and Samuel J. Schultz, "Hezekiah," ISBE 2:703-705.
Quoted from the Prism of Sennacherib, in James B. Pritchard (ed.), The Ancient Near East: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures (Princeton University Press/Oxford University Press, 1958), "Sennacherib (704-681 BC): The Siege of Jerusalem," pp. 199-201 (corresponds to ANET 287-288).
R. Laird Harris, kerûb, TWOT #1036.
Elmer A. Martens, shhn, TWOT #2364a.
Alexander Macalister and Roland K. Harrison, "Boil," ISBE 1:532.
Translated and cited by Young, Isaiah 2:509, fn. 3, from Campegius Vitringa, Commentarius in librum propheticum Jesaie (Leeuwarden, 1714-1720), commenting on Isaiah 38.
Elmer B. Smick, gādal, TWOT #315d.
Victor P. Hamilton, pālal, TWOT #1776.
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For the Dutch football fixture, see De Klassieker.
Der Klassiker, also known as the "German Clasico", is the name given in football to any match between Borussia Dortmund and Bayern Munich. Since the foundation of the Bundesliga in 1963, they are two of the most successful teams in German football, having combined for 21 of the past 24 Bundesliga titles as of 2018. The two teams fought closely for the Bundesliga title in the early 2010s, and met in the 2013 UEFA Champions League Final.
However, the nature of the rivalry has been called into question, with many disputing the fixture being a "classic" due to the there being little historic rivalry between the teams, in contrast to the long history of many other prominent football derbies in Germany, including Dortmund's Revierderby with FC Schalke 04 and the various Bavarian football derbies involving Bayern Munich.
The first match between the two clubs was a 2–0 win for Dortmund in Munich on 16 October 1965.
On 5 May 1966, Dortmund won the 1965–66 European Cup Winners' Cup 2–1 against Liverpool in extra time, becoming the first German club to win a European title. Bayern Munich won the same competition the following season.
On the other hand, the highest scoring draw in a Bundesliga match between the two teams occurred on 21 May 1983, when Karl-Heinz Rummenigge scored a late equaliser to save Bayern from a defeat against hosts Dortmund, with a final scoreline of 4-4.
The rivalry between the clubs grew during the 1990s, as Dortmund's stature increased to challenge perennial title favourites Bayern, winning two Bundesliga titles in 1994-95 and 1995-96.
In 1996, Bayern captain Lothar Matthäus accused Germany teammate Andreas Möller of being a 'crybaby', wiping imaginary tears from his face; Möller reacted by slapping Matthäus. At the end of that season, Dortmund won the 1997 UEFA Champions League Final which happened to be played at the Olympiastadion, Bayern's home ground.
The teams met in the quarter-finals of the next edition of the Champions League, and Dortmund prevailed over two legs thanks to a single goal from Stéphane Chapuisat. That summer, Bayern hired Dortmund's successful coach Ottmar Hitzfeld to work for them. Tempers flared twice during Bayern and Dortmund's second meeting in the 1998-99 Bundesliga, as Bayern goalkeeper Oliver Kahn first attempted a flying kung-fu kick at Chapuisat, and later appeared to bite Heiko Herrlich's ear.
In the early 2000s both clubs remained successful, as Bayern lost one Champions League final (1999) then won another (2001) in addition to more domestic success, while Dortmund won the 2001–02 Bundesliga and reached the UEFA Cup final the same year. An angry 2001 league meeting between the pair was notable for 10 yellow cards and three red being shown (a Bundesliga record for indiscipline). However, Dortmund soon fell heavily into debt, and a €2m loan from Bayern in 2004 was a major reason for them being saved from bankruptcy.
On 19 April 2008, the two sides clashed in the 2008 DFB-Pokal Final for the first time that took place in Berlin. Luca Toni opened the scoring on 11 minutes, but Mladen Petric drew BVB level in stoppage time, forcing 30 additional minutes. The Italian completed his double in extra time, thus lifting Bayern to cup glory.
By 2010, Dortmund had put together a strong squad, including Mats Hummels, Mario Götze, Shinji Kagawa and Robert Lewandowski who led the club to the 2011 and 2012 Bundesliga titles; it was the first time any club other than Bayern won back-to-back championships since Dortmund in the mid-1990s. Dortmund then claimed the first double of their history by beating Bayern 5-2 in the 2012 DFB-Pokal Final with a Lewandowski hat-trick, which was also their fifth consecutive win over the opponents.
After seeing two championships heading to Dortmund and losing the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final to Chelsea at their own Allianz Arena, Bayern recovered to clinch the 2012–13 Bundesliga in record time, breaking Dortmund's points record which had been set the year before. At the end of that season, the rivals met in the 2013 UEFA Champions League final. The German clubs had eliminated the two Spanish contenders, Real Madrid and FC Barcelona, leading to the term "German Clasico" term first being used at that time, based on the El Clásico between those two Spanish clubs. The game was also notable for the fact that Dortmund's Mario Götze had already agreed to join Bayern in the coming weeks (although he did not play in the final due to injury).
In the first all-German European final, Arjen Robben scored a dramatic 89th-minute winner at Wembley. Bayern would wrap up the first Treble in their history a week later in the 2013 DFB-Pokal Final.
Following the biggest match involving the teams, several domestic finals were played between them in quick succession. In the 2014 DFB-Pokal Final on 17 May 2014, Bayern managed to score two goals in extra time, thus achieving their 17th win in the competition. After that, both clubs met again in the 2014 DFL-Supercup at Dortmund's Signal Iduna Park, featuring Robert Lewandowski who had just moved to Bayern as a free agent after his contract with Dortmund ended. The match ended 2-0 to Dortmund.
Two years later, the 2016 DFB-Pokal Final was the last match in Dortmund shirt for their captain Mats Hummels before he also moved to Bayern, where his career had begun; Bayern won the trophy on penalties after a 0-0 draw. They clashed again in the 2016 DFL-Supercup after Bayern secured a double, Dortmund being runners-up in the league as well as beaten cup finalists; the Bavarians won that match 2-0. The 2017 DFL-Supercup featured the same teams (champions Bayern and cup holders Dortmund) and the same outcome, this time Bayern winning on penalties after a 2-2 draw. In March 2018, Bayern secured a 6–0 home win over Dortmund in the league, the largest margin of victory for either side since the 11–1 result 47 years earlier. The most recent result has seen Bayern Munich defeat Borussia Dortmund by a score of 5-0.
Table correct as of 12 August 2018.
^ "Der Klassiker:the recordholders". Bundesliga. 7 April 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
^ a b c d e f "10 things you need to know about Der Klassiker between Bayern Munich and Borussia Dortmund". Bundesliga. 30 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ "Der deutsche "Clasico"". kicker. 9 April 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
^ "Europe awaits 'German Clasico'". Yahoo! Sports. 11 April 2012. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
^ "DIE WELT BLICKT GESPANNT AUF DEN "GERMAN CLASICO"". Bundesliga. 30 November 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
^ Holden, Kit (2 April 2015). "Borussia Dortmund vs Bayern Munich: 'Der Klassiker' remains as anticipated as ever, but it would be better not to believe the hype". The Independent. Independent Print Limited. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
^ Buczko, Stefan (3 October 2015). "Dortmund and Bayern is not a Klassiker but rivalry remains fierce". ESPN FC. ESPN Inc. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
^ "The origins of the Rhine derby and some of Germany's other biggest derby games". Bundesliga. 7 April 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
^ "Ranking the 5 Most Magical European Nights in Borussia Dortmund History". Bleacher report. 26 September 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
^ a b c d "How Bayern Munich vs Borussia Dortmund became Germany's biggest rivalry". Fox Sports. 6 April 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
^ "Classic Match - Borussia Dortmund 4-4 Bayern Munich 1982/83". Bundesliga channel on Youtube. 15 November 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
^ "Rivalität zwischen Bayern und BVB: Als Helmer in Frankreich geparkt wurde". SPIEGEL Online. 23 April 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
^ "Matthäus and Möller - No Love Lost Between Dortmund & Bayern". Bundesliga on Youtube Channel. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
^ "Bayern München" (in German). kicker. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
^ "In pictures: football's most biting moments". DW. 24 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
^ "It is only nine years since Bayern Munich bailed out Dortmund with €2m". The Guardian. 2 May 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ "Lewandowski hat-trick secures domestic double for Jurgen Klopp's men". Goal.com. 12 May 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ "Bayern Munich shaken to the core by Borussia Dortmund humiliation". Guardian. 12 May 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ "Borussia Dortmund 5-2 Bayern Munich". ESPN. 12 May 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ Piercy, James (25 May 2013). "Dortmund-Bayern European football's new 'Der Klassiker'". sport360.com. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ Bonne, Kyle (24 May 2013). "Champions League final preview: A bitter rivalry with much higher stakes". prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ Lowe, Sid (23 April 2013). "Borussia Dortmund feel hurt by Mario Götze transfer to Bayern Munich". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ McNulty, Phil (25 May 2013). "Borussia Dortmund 1–2 Bayern Munich". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ Jason Le Miere (1 June 2013). "Bayern Survive Late Scare To Complete Unique Treble". International Business Times. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ "Bayern leave it late to win Double". ESPN. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ "Borussia Dortmund 0-2 Bayern Munich". BBC Sport. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ "Borussia Dortmund beat Bayern Munich to win German Supercup again". Guardian. 13 August 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ "Bayern Munich 0-0 B Dortmund (pens 4-3)". BBC Sport. BBC. 21 May 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ "Douglas Costa entscheidet den Elfmeter-Krimi" [Douglas Costa decides the penalty thriller]. kicker.de (in German). kicker. 21 May 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ "Bayern Munich 2-0 Borussia Dortmund: Carlo Ancelotti wins first German trophy". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 14 August 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ "Bayern Munich beat Dortmund on penalties to retain Supercup". Bundesliga. Deutsche Fußball Liga. 5 August 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ "Bayern Munich 6–0 Borussia Dortmund". BBC Sport. 31 March 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
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There are schools offering public health degrees in Tennessee!
Each year, roughly 0.1% of Tennessee students graduate with degrees in public health. Thus, Tennessee's 8 public health schools put out approximately 182 public health professionals each year.
The top-ranked school in Tennessee with a public health program is Vanderbilt University, which is located in Nashville. In 2010, it was ranked 11th nationwide. 49 students graduated with a degree in public health from Vanderbilt University in 2010. Tuition at Vanderbilt University was $39,930 per year.
The second-ranked school in Tennessee with a public health program is University of Memphis, which is located in Memphis. In 2010, it was ranked 40th nationwide. 4 students graduated with degree in public health from University of Memphis in 2010. Tuition at University of Memphis was $6,780 per year.
The third-ranked school in Tennessee that has a public health program is The University of Tennessee. The University of Tennessee, which was ranked 62nd in the country in 2010, is located in Knoxville. 30 students graduated with degree in public health from The University of Tennessee in 2010. The University of Tennessee charged in-state students $7,382 in tuition fees per year.
A public health degree from a Tennessee school... what next?
The US Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts by 2018, an estimated 13,270 public health professionals will be working in Tennessee. This would require the number of public health professional to grow by 18%.
The charts and graphs below have additional Tennessee statistics regarding a career in public health. Take a look and compare salaries with various related fields such as emergency management or political science.
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(1891-1946) US songwriter, author and literary agent, active in music before beginning to write popular fiction in several genres in the early 1920s. His first sale was the serialized "The Thing of a Thousand Shapes" (March-April 1923 Weird Tales) – beginning in the first issue of Weird Tales – and he wrote further work of genre interest for the The Argosy. With the exception of marginal sf tales like "The Bride of Osiris" (September-October 1927 Weird Tales) and space adventures such as "Race Around the Moon" (August 1939 Thrilling Wonder), most of his genre work is in the style of the Planetary Romance as primarily evolved by Edgar Rice Burroughs; though the argument – presented suppositously by Donald A Wollheim in "The Kline-Burroughs War" (November 1936 Science Fiction News) and picked up later by Sam Moskowitz – that they were written in competition with (and slavishly derived from) Burroughs's work has lost credence.
The Robert Grandon sequence is typical, all the same, of the similarities between the two authors. Comprising The Planet of Peril (20 July-24 August 1929 Argosy; 1929; rev vt as Planet of Peril 1961), The Prince of Peril: The Weird Adventures of Zinlo, Man of Three Worlds, Upon the Mysterious Planet of Venus (2 August-6 September 1930 Argosy; 1930; rev vt as Prince of Peril 1962) and The Port of Peril (November 1932-April 1933 Weird Tales as "Buccaneers of Venus"; 1949), it carries the swashbuckling Grandon to Venus, where he rises from Slavery to marry a princess; the later adventures expand upon this. Linked to this series through the character of Dr Morgan – a scientist who makes interplanetary transfers easy – is the Mars sequence (see Mars) comprising The Swordsman of Mars (7 January-11 February 1933 Argosy; 1960) and its sequel, The Outlaws of Mars (25 November 1933-6 January 1934 Argosy; 1960). The Jan of the Jungle sequence – comprising Call of the Savage (18 April-23 May 1931 Argosy as "Jan of the Jungle"; 1937; vt Jan of the Jungle 1966) and its sequel Jan in India (12-26 January 1935 Argosy; 1974) – again bears close resemblance to earlier Burroughs, the predecessor this time being Tarzan, with an infusion of Lost World motifs. In Maza of the Moon (1930) the P'an-ku who rule the Moon bomb Earth after Earth bombs them.
Magazine publication is indicated when substantially earlier than the book release.
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The area of life that will be described in this essay is the act of applying for a job as a physician. A physician is a person who is legally qualified to practice medicine and is very skilled in the art of healing. There are many steps that need to be accomplished and restrictions that must be met and satisfied before one can apply for a position in the medical field. Schooling is the first step that a person interested in the medical field must complete. In the United States a person must graduate from college with a degree and have taken the MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) and passed before being considered to attend medical school. After recieving an undergraduate degree and passing the MCAT one moves onto an entry-level program at a medical school (GMP, GEP). This type of program takes fours years to complete. Another option would be to obtain further training in a particular field, duration in this varies between each different field of study. After four years of medical school one must do a post-graduate program also known as a Residency. A Residency is a one year period of supervised practice before full registration is granted. Before one can go on to their Residency one must acquirer the proper license.
A physician needs to be properly licensed. The first matter of business that must be taken care of before becoming licensed is to pay the fees. The two fees that must be payed in the licensing process are the licensure fee of $735.00 and the limited permit fee of $105.00. These fees are necessary in order to get the physicians license processed and credited. To apply for a license one must abide by a number of requirements. These requirements intail being at least 21 years of age, meet the education examination and experience level requirements, be a Untied States citizen, and be of good moral character. There many other restrictions in the licensing process of becoming a physician that varie among the States. Most states require the same information; yet some states may have different laws and restrictions during that application process. In a situation where someone becomes a licensed Physician in one state and he or she moves to another state, he or she may have to be licensed again to meet the requirements of the state they will soon occupy.
The quantity of controls can be burdensome at times. However all rules and regulations are in place to protect the patients and the Physicians. The laws and regulations, if broken, are punishable by the law. If the offence is big enough the Physician can loose their practice, be charged with malpractice, and in some cases the Physician could go to jail. A violation of these controls can only result in injury or harm to both parties. These controls can be frustrating for anyone who wants to go be a Physician. The controls are in place for a good reason and must be followed.
There is no way to escape the regulations that are established for Physicians. One can follow the regulations and be successful or one can break the rules, possibly lose their license, or never become a Physician. There is always a need to see a Physician. If a person wants to be a Physician they must follow each and every Jurdic Control. There is no way to get around the rules and still become a Physician.
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No matter what industry you’re in and no matter how hard you work to avoid it, sometimes burnout is inevitable. Sometimes, you don’t even realize it’s happening before it hits you and you feel like you simply cannot spend another day at your job. I’ve talked about what to do if you think you’re experiencing burnout and how to avoid it, but it’s also important to understand what to do if you’re already dealing with burnout. Follow these pieces of advice to recover from burnout and get yourself moving again.
The first item on your list for fixing the effects of burnout should be stepping away from your responsibilities. Take some time off of work, even if it’s only for a day or two. No matter how important something is, if you’re experiencing true burnout, recovering from it is more important. Once you’ve had time to breath, you can begin focusing on yourself and fixing what caused burnout in the first place.
After you’ve stepped away from the problem for a period of time and feel less pressured to accomplish everything, it’s time to think about your priorities and what you’re responsible for doing each day. If you’re completely overwhelmed, it’s time to start cutting back and saying no. Trim down your obligations to the bare essentials and learn to start saying no to taking on new roles you simply cannot do and aren’t mandatory.
Burnout usually results from us pushing ourselves too hard and not focusing enough on our own health. Experiencing burnout needs to be a wakeup call that it’s time for you to focus on exercising a little bit each day, spending time outside, and getting an adequate amount of sleep. It’s also important to eat balanced meals and not skip breakfast or abuse caffeine. Taking care of your body helps you avoid future burnout.
When it comes to burnout, one of the best coping mechanisms you can employ is learning to manage stress. As you recover from burnout, you’ll experience more stress. To make a successful recovery, you’re going to need to learn how to manage this stress and focus on what really matters instead of getting bogged down with the negatives. Practice deep breathing or talk to a professional about how you can work through your stress and use it to motivate you to finish what needs to get done.
Finally, it’s time to establish a strong support system. Talking about your stress and burnout is a great way to move past it and help you learn that there is an army of people who have your back. Rely on your close friends and family to be there for you when it gets tough and you’ll be amazed how much sympathy can do for your burnout. Also, consider talking to a therapist or counselor who has been trained to work with professionals who burnout in their careers. If you feel completely uncomfortable speaking to another person about your personal problems, find a creative outlet, such as journaling or painting, that lets you work through what’s going on.
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Resumo: Partindo do notório deslocamento, não só temático mas metodológico e conceitual, ocorrido entre o primeiro volume da história da sexualidade de Michel Foucault, A vontade de saber, e seus dois volumes subsequentes, O uso dos prazeres e O cuidado de si, propõe-se tomar a problemática da confissão enquanto fio condutor capaz de elucidar os principais movimentos teóricos ocorridos durante esse ínterim. No centro desse deslocamento, acreditamos que se encontra o movimento teórico que vai da noção de poder-saber para a de governo pela verdade, o qual, por sua vez, manifesta o alargamento de horizontes que possibilitou a transição do filósofo de seus estudos sobre a sexualidade moderna, passando pelas pesquisas sobre os modos aleturgicos e de veridicção, até a ética dos prazeres na antiguidade. No primeiro capítulo, analisamos o aparecimento da noção de confissão no contexto da proposta de uma história da sexualidade e da analítica do poder, tal como estabelecido nos anos de 1975 e 1976, respectivamente, em Os anormais e em A vontade de saber. No segundo capítulo, a partir sobretudo do curso Segurança, território, população, abordamos a confissão sob o arcabouço do conceito de governo, a partir do qual Foucault se afasta de uma concepção de poder enquanto correlação de forças rumo a uma genealogia do governo dos homens, entendido enquanto condução de condutas. No terceiro capítulo nos ocupamos do curso Du gouvernement des vivants, onde a confissão aparece no centro da grade conceitualmetodológica do "governo pela verdade na forma da subjetividade". Este eixo é fundamental à genealogia dos modos de veridicção, isto é, dos modos aletúrgicos pesquisados por Foucault nos anos 1980, em que o problema do sujeito, da subjetivação e da ética são explicitamente abordados. Palavras-chave: Foucault; confissão ; veridicção; aleturgia; verdade; governo.
Abstract: The Dissertation takes as its point of departure the discussion of the thematic, methodological as well as the conceptual shift occurred between the publication of volume I of Michel Foucault's History of Sexuality, and its two subsequent volumes. Our hypothesis is that the phenomenon of confession would be an important guideline to understand the theoretical moves that led the author from his previous researches on the power-knowledge relations to his later concerns on truth governing. This is the theoretical context in which Foucault placed his new interrogations concerning sexuality, overcoming his previous ideas concerning modern sexuality in order to understand certain features of sexuality in Ancient times. In the course of this theoretical shift, Foucault became interested in the question of ancient alethurgic modes of veridiction and the Antiquity's pleasure ethics. In chapter one, I discuss Foucault's understanding of confession as it appeared in the broad context of his analysis of power-knowledge relations, both in volume I of his History of Sexuality and in his Lecture course titled The Abnormals, respectively from 1976 and 1975. In chapter two, I discuss confession as it appears in the Lecture course titled Security, Territory, Population, where it is analyzed under the new conceptual framework of governance and governmentality. It is at this moment that Foucault departs from his previous understanding of power in terms of confronting power relations to understand it in terms of governing, understood as the practices that enable one to conduct its own and the others' conducts. In chapter three I discuss some aspects of the Lecture course Du gouvernement des vivants, where confession appears at the center of a new conceptual framework designed by Foucault as "truth governing under the form of subjectivity." This is the fundamental core of Foucault's later genealogy of the veridiction and alethurgic modes which interested him in his 1980's researches. It is at this very moment that Foucault explicitly discusses the problem of the subject and its ethical modes of subjectivation. Key-words: Foucault; confession; modes of veridiction; alethurgy; thruth; governing.
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The original members of Toto were L.A.-based session men who had played with everyone from George Benson to Boz Scaggs and wanted to create something they could call their own. They scored a hit straight out of the gate with "Hold the Line" from their 1978 debut. Their biggest success, however, came in the early '80s with a pair of smash hits, "Rosanna" and "Africa," plus the breakout, six-Grammy success of the Toto IV album. The band endured some major personnel shakeups over the years, and in 1992, founding drummer Jeff Porcaro died unexpectedly, but Toto continued working, even as the individual members kept their lucrative session careers going.
Toto was formed in Los Angeles in 1978 by David Paich (keyboards, vocals), Steve Lukather (guitar, vocals), Bobby Kimball (vocals), Steve Porcaro (keyboards), David Hungate (bass), and Jeff Porcaro (drums). Paich was the son of arranger Marty Paich; the Porcaros were the sons of percussionist Joe Porcaro. The bandmembers had met in high school and at studio sessions in the 1970s, when they became some of the busiest session musicians in the music business. Paich, Hungate, and Jeff Porcaro wrote songs for and performed on Boz Scaggs' Silk Degrees, the multi-million-selling 1976 album that combined pop, rock, and disco elements into a slick combination that heavily influenced mainstream pop music.
Toto released their self-titled debut album in October 1978, and it hit the Top Ten, sold two million copies, and spawned the gold Top Ten single "Hold the Line." The gold-selling Hydra from 1979 and Turn Back from 1981 were less successful, but 1982's Toto IV was a multi-platinum Top Ten hit, featuring the number one hit "Africa" and the Top Tens "Rosanna" (about Lukather's girlfriend, movie star Rosanna Arquette) and "I Won't Hold You Back." At the 1982 Grammys, "Rosanna" won awards for Record of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Performance, and Best Instrumental Arrangement with Vocal, and Toto IV won awards for Album of the Year, Best Engineered Recording, and Best Producer (the group). In 1984, a third Porcaro brother, Mike joined the group on bass, replacing Hungate. Lead singer Kimball quit and was replaced by Dennis "Fergie" Frederiksen.
Toto's fifth album, 1984's Isolation, went gold, but was a commercial disappointment. Frederiksen was replaced by Joseph Williams, the son of the conductor/composer John Williams, for 1986's Fahrenheit. Steve Porcaro quit in 1988, prior to the release of The Seventh One. In 1990, Jean-Michel Byron replaced Williams for the new recordings on Past to Present 1977-1990, then left; Lukather became the group's lead singer. Jeff Porcaro died of a heart attack in 1992, but was featured on the group's next album, Kingdom of Desire. By this time, Toto were far more popular in Japan and Europe than at home. The group added British drummer Simon Phillips. Tambu, released in Europe in the late fall of 1995, appeared in the U.S. in June 1996. For 1999's Mindfields, Bobby Kimball returned to the lineup after a 15-year absence.
The group kept active during the 2000s, releasing the 2002 covers album Through the Looking Glass and a 2003 live album to commemorate their 25th anniversary. Following 2006's Falling in Between, their first set of originals since 1999, and an accompanying live double album, Lukather announced that he was disbanding Toto. Barely any of the original members remained with the group, and he felt it was time to focus on his solo career. In early 2010, Toto re-formed to play a short European tour benefiting bassist Mike Porcaro, who suffered from ALS. The lineup included Lukather, Paich, Steve Porcaro, Simon Phillips, and Joseph Williams.
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John Andreas Widtsoe, 31 January 1872 – 29 November 1952) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1921 until his death.
Widtsoe was also a noted author, scientist, and academician.
Early life Widtsoe was born on the island of Frøya in Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. At birth his hand was attached to the side of his head but he survived the operation to fix this problem. When Widtsoe was two his family moved to the Norwegian mainland city of Namsos. His father, also named John, died in February 1878. This left his mother Anna as a widow with two young sons to take care of: Widtsoe, who was then five, and his little brother Osborne Widtsoe. After this the family moved to Trondheim. Here his mother was introduced to the LDS Church by a shoemaker. In 1883, Widtsoe immigrated to the United States with his mother and brother. They made it to Utah Territory in mid-November. Widtsoe was baptized a member of the LDS Church the following April. Education Widtsoe graduated from Brigham Young College in Logan, Utah. He then attended Harvard University graduating with honors in 1894. He served as the head of the agricultural experiment station at Utah State Agricultural College. He married Leah Dunford, a granddaughter of Brigham Young. She held a degree in home economics and the two of them worked together in extension efforts. He taught farmers better farming skills and she taught their wives how to better utilize what they got from the farm. In 1898, he was ordained to the office of a seventy and set apart to do missionary work in connection with his studies in Europe. He entered the University of Göttingen, Germany, and after applying himself diligently to his studies he graduated from that institution, with the degrees of A. M. Ph.D. in 1899. For part of his time in Europe, Widtsoe lived in Switzerland. The police wanted proof that he and his wife were married, and since they had neglected to bring their wedding license they got married a second time. Academic career In August 1900 Widtsoe became the director of the Agricultural Experiment Station at Utah State University. While in this position he founded The Deseret Farmer with Lewis A. Merrill and J. Edward Taylor. Their goal was to have it be a popular magazine that would be read and implemented by the actual farmers. In 1905 Widtsoe was dismissed from the agricultural college as a result of political debates about its future and President William J. Kerr's feeling that Widtsoe was insufficiently supporting him. For a short time he was a professor of agriculture at BYU, and is arguably the founding father of Brigham Young University's college of biology and agriculture. On BYU campus the John A. Widtsoe building is the home of the College of Biology and Agriculture. He later served as president of the University of Utah from 1916 until his call as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve in 1921. Widtsoe was the fifth Commissioner of Church Education from 1921 to 1924 and was the seventh commissioner from 1934 to 1936. During his time as an apostle Widtsoe taught a religion class at the University of Southern California. Federal government work For two years in the 1920s Widtsoe lived in Washington, D. C. where he supervised the reorganization of the Federal Bureau of Reclamation Service in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles Widtsoe was closely associated with the Improvement Era even before he became an apostle. Widtsoe was associate editor of the Era from 1935 until 1952. While editor of the Era, in the words of Parrish, Widtsoe "directed its growth from a magazine primarily for the youth to the voice of the whole Church". One of Widtsoe's employees while at the Improvement Era was Hugh Nibley, who he convinced to become a professor at Brigham Young University. Widtsoe was also part of the Genealogy committee of the church, being one of the main people behind the implementation of the Temple Index Bureau. Missions to Europe In 1923 Widtsoe accompanied Reed Smoot on a journey to Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries, during which they secured recognition and opened the way for missionaries of the church to return to these lands. From 1926 until 1932 he served as president of the European Mission. While in this office, Widtsoe convinced the First Presidency to call a separate president of the British Mission, so that the European Mission president could assume his duties as the supervisor of all the missions in Europe. While president of the European mission, Widtsoe dedicated Czechoslovakia for the preaching of the gospel, and worked closely with Arthur Gaeth in starting the mission there. Marriage and writings Widtsoe married Leah Dunford, a daughter of Susa Young Gates, who was a daughter of Brigham Young. Widtsoe worked closely with his wife and mother-in-law in their writing of a biography of Brigham Young. It is this relationship that caused Widtsoe to complete a book on the teachings of Brigham Young. John and Leah also wrote a book entitled "The Word of Wisdom: A Modern Interpretation". This book advocates eating healthy food as part of the Word of Wisdom, although not as a required portion that should be lived in order to get a temple recommend. Besides the Teachings of Brigham Young, Widtsoe was also the lead compiler of Gospel doctrine: selections from the sermons and writings of Joseph F. Smith, sixth president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Widtsoe also wrote A Rational Theology as Taught by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints which has been cited by later LDS authors such as J. Reuben Clark. Another book of Widtsoe's was Evidences and Reconciliations, which was actually a compilation of his Improvement Era writings, which were his answers to the questions on matters of faith he received most often. In this work Widtsoe admits that there are multiple interpretations that Latter-day Saints can hold on issues. One example is his explanation of the creation of the earth: He points out that faithful Latter-day Saints hold the six-day, six-thousand years and undefined-period interpretations of the creation. Although he gives by far the most space to the explanation of the unknown-period interpretation, he does not rigidly contest for any of these interpretations. Widtsoe also wrote Priesthood and Church Government. His work The Message of the Doctrine and Covenants was published after his death, after having been edited by his son-in-law G. Homer Durham. Widtsoe wrote Seven Claims of the Book of Mormon: A Collection of Evidences with Franklin S. Harris, Jr. Widtsoe wrote Joseph Smith: Seeker After Truth Prophet of God. It was published in 1951, and later reprinted by Bookcraft in 1957. It begins with an account of the first vision and goes all the way to Joseph Smith's martyrdom at Carthage. Another work by Widtsoe on Joseph Smith was Joseph Smith as a Scientist: A Contribution to Mormon Philosophy published by the Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association in 1908. In 1944, his essay "The Divine Mission of Joseph Smith" was included in Handbook of the Restoration published by Zion's Printing and Publishing Company in Independence, Missouri. Widtsoe wrote two autobiographies. The first In the Gospel Net largely focused on his mother's conversion to the church. The second In a sunlit Land told the story of his later life, and also included explanations of his educational philosophy. Another book by Widtsoe was Dry-Farming: A System of Agriculture for Countries Under a Low Rainfall (New York: MacMillan Company, 1920). He also served as a co-author of Dodge's Geography of Utah. Hymns He wrote numerous works, including a hymn "How Long, O Lord Most Holy and True" which appears as hymn #126 in the current LDS hymnal. Death Widtsoe died in Salt Lake City, Utah of uremia; he also had prostate cancer for a number of years before his death.
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What are your recommendations for storing the Wi-Fi password securely? I'd rather not store it plaintext on the SPI flash if I can help it. Is there a Python method for writing to the NVS? Some other method?
@BetterAuto Hmmm. The issue with the Ring sounds like they didn't think about security at all (very sloppy). The solution you're describing is essentially in the category of "making it a little more difficult" to hack. While it's technically not really more secure, I understand your objective. For now, access to NVS isn't exposed through pycom firmware, so if you really wanted to go this route, you'd need to add a separate external memory (EEPROM or FRAM, probably I2C). No big deal, but of course it adds cost. However, I think you can achieve the same thing by encrypting the password on flash with a hard-coded key in the code. Given that, it would still require someone to "work on it" to get the clear-text password. Just a thought.
My device is expected to typically be installed in back yards. I had read of a Ring doorbell hack where someone who approaches the device from the front doorsteps, hits the button on the back, and the house Wi-Fi password is obtainable in the clear via a phone web browser.
So I wanted to avoid the most straightforward hack of approaching the device and plugging in, grabbing the password. I consider this a rare possibility but nonetheless something I'd like to account for if it's possible. If it's not possible I'll forget about it.
If I could use the on-board NVS that would step up the difficulty; a new firmware would have to be created then flashed to the SPI flash and booted to be able to read what's on the NVS. I plan to disable the UART so it's not possible to just read the contents with a command. You'd have to steal the device, take it home, work on it, and obtain the password.
Do I strictly need this feature before I can sell my product? No. I just opened this thread to ask if there's a function I'm not aware of. Without it I should still be OK. Just thought I'd ask.
@BetterAuto As I see it, the architecture of the ESP32 does not allow any truly-secure solution. It doesn't matter how or where you store the password (even using the most secure hardware-based crypto chip), because the architecture of the WiFi subsystem still needs the password to be written to it in plain-text form--that will be your weak link. Please someone correct me if I'm wrong.
So the question you have to ask is "who are you trying to keep the password a secret from"? If someone steals or even has access to the physical device, all bets are off. So short of that, the "owner" of the device probably already knows the password, so there's not much value in keeping it a secret from them.
If the issue is "perceived insecurity" of a password stored on a flash card in plain text, the other suggestions of encrypting it with a key that's compiled into the code is probably a good one (not really secure, but like locks on doors, it keeps the honest people out).
Yes, it can. But as we talk it depend of security level.
This one is not so high but also not so low as we can think.
That makes me think of cats and dogs living together. I'm sure that frozen code can be reverse-compiled.
Yes, with frozen modules it is ok for many purposes.
@livius the AES key must be saved as variable in a .py script and make this script "frozen". Of course it is a "very"bad solution.
So is it possible? Writing to the NVS.
@livius That would be sufficient security for me. To read the NVS the attacker would have to flash a malicious binary to the flash and boot it. I'm not doing high security stuff.
This depend of security level target.
Because if it is readable - then what it protect?
If we can write to the NVS this may be a solution. Is that possible? I found this but don't know how to use it. Looks like a C library for the development framework and not something we can use on the chip itself.
There is a way to do that. You can encrypt the password with AES and the store it in a file. Obviously this file can be deleted and you lost your saved password.
The key would be stored on the flash as well.
there is position about encryption of scripts - which i suppose is not avaiable yet.
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Thus the plan text: Just governments ought to require that employers pay a living wage for employees working in airports.
Poverty kills millions and is equivalent to an ongoing nuclear war on the poor.
A: Interpretation - The negative must not contest the affirmative’s ethical standard, read an alternative framework, and or contest AFC, provided that the AC standard is act utilitarian, it’s disclosed on the NDCA wiki that the aff could read AFC with this specific standard, and the round is during the tournament of champions.
B: Violation - This shell is pre-emptive. My opponent violates if they contest or recontextualize the aff framework, read an NC, or contest AFC with a counter interp or theory argument that uses AFC as the violation.
Clash – AFC forces substantive engagement, especially with util frameworks that incentivize comparison of policies and accommodate a wide range of impacts. AFC additionally encourages rebuttal clash since arguments are on one level requiring comparison to be more meaningful. Disclosure and the Toc ensrues the neg can engage – you know I can read AFC and have had months to prep under util. Clash outweighs other links into education because we learn by making arguments and comparison, not by listening to debaters spread through cards. Clash is key to fairness because it insures reciprocal engagement on issues and prevents arguments from being ships passing in the night.
And topical clash outweighs philosophical clash a) Topical knowledge is portable because it allows debaters to simulate real world decisions and b) philosophy can be learned during other topics or contexts such as camp, whereas this is our last chance to engage on the topic.
Strategy skew – the aff speaks in the dark whereas the negative can adapt to the aff. The AC is on one level of the flow and the negative has access to alternate moral frameworks, procedurals, and discursive arguments that each function as independent outs to the ballot. AFC forces the neg to commit to the aff on substance and ensures arguments made in the AC matter. Strat skew controls the internal link to education because provides access to layers and prevents shifting out of clash. Preventing strat skew is key to fairness because debaters must be able to leverage offense to access the ballot.
D. Voter – Fairness is the voter because debate is a competitive activity based off skill and wins and losses.
Some features of LD debate, as it is practiced today, encourage students to misrepresent philosophical arguments, ignore subtle distinctions, and oversimplify ideas. Here is one reason why. Debaters have limited speech time, so one reliable way to win is by overwhelming one’s opponent with objections. Instead of developing the best version of the best objection to each argument, debaters often make as many objections as they can think of, regardless of their quality. Why? Because a false argument is strategic so long as the explanation of its falsity is more time intensive than the argument itself. Students know that this strategy is successful, so they try to replicate it by learning how to generate large numbers of objections. Unfortunately, learning how to make more objections usually trades off with learning how to make better objections. (Perhaps it need not be this way, but that is the status quo.) So, many debaters, including the most successful ones, learn not to care about the quality of an argument. They internalize the view that any argument is worth making as long as it maximizes the debater’s time tradeoff—that is, the ratio of how long her opponent spends answering her objection compared to how long the objection took to develop. Sometimes, explaining an argument in the kind of depth and precision that philosophers use has little marginal value in terms of the debater’s time tradeoff. As long as she can get the basic argument out there, she can force her opponent to waste her time answering it. If the answers are poor, then all the better. If the answers are good, the debater will just dig in on a different argument, and it will not matter. Of course, some debates involve well developed arguments with thoughtful objections and an interesting dialectic that often mirrors current academic debates on the issue. But these are extremely rare because it is often easier and more efficient to oversimplify. Furthermore, the misunderstanding and oversimplification of some of the philosophical literature used in LD debate is a persistent problem. In our experience, the vast majority of students and instructors in LD debate use the word “utilitarianism” to describe any moral principle according to which the consequences of an act are relevant. This is a mistake because [but] there are many non-utilitarian version[s] of consequentialism, and because many non-consequentialists agree that consequences matter (they just aren’t all that matters). Is this too much nuance to expect from high school students? Maybe, but we think it would be better if debaters used no technical terms rather than incorrect ones. Misusing terms leads students to misinterpret what they read and, therefore, misunderstand the philosophy. Moreover, misusing terms may lead students to develop false beliefs about the philosophical terrain. Students who use “utilitarianism” incorrectly may end up believing that the only plausible view on which consequences matter is the theory that requires us to maximize total well-being. These students will believe in false dilemmas.
Finally, I don’t harm education to philosophy – debaters will still have to learn various types of philosophies to be successful to answering the contention levels of different frameworks. And if neg says fairness is not a voter affirm because he won’t care.
The value is morality and criterion act utilitarianism. Under the framework we act to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. A recontextualization of the framework would appeal to other ethical theories to weigh offense or argue for a different version of util.
In contrast to the fortress-like security of the SSRC itself, the viability of Syria’s pharmaceutical infrastructure and specifically veterinary vaccine and agricultural research facilities in Hama, Homs, Latakia, Cerin, Aleppo and Damascus, are of grave concern to analysts in light of recent looting. Given Al Qaeda’s ongoing efforts to acquire biological weapons capability, this theft cannot be seen as coincidental. Syria’s bio-pharmaceutical infrastructure and its dual-use equipment have experienced looting in areas where heavy fighting by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS) forces has occurred. Since Al Qaeda has been vocal about its intent to acquire bioweapons capability, the recent arrest of the former head of Al Qaeda’s “WMD Directorate,” Yazid Sufaat must be seen as an alarming development. Sufaat is tied to al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi, both of whom were part of the team responsible for hijacking American Airlines Flight 77 and crashing it into the Pentagon. Sufaat was Al Qaeda’s anthrax expert and established a number of labs in Afghanistan prior to the entry of the Northern Alliance. Although it is mildly disturbing to consider that Yazid Sufaat is again under ISA (Internal Security Act) detention, having previously been held for 7 years in Malaysia, and was charged in 2013 under section 130G (a) of the Penal Code for promoting terrorism in Syria, along with Muhammad Hilmi tHassim and his wife, Halimah Hussin. Sufaat’s intended role in Syria may well have been an advisory one. Further alarm bells were rung when another Al Qaeda operative trained in microbiology, Samer al-Barq, was detained by Israeli security forces in 2010 when he attempted to enter Israel from Jordan. According to an article on the Global Security Newswire, “Al-Qaida’s interest in biological weapons is well documented and dates back to at least the late 1990s, according to Western issue experts. More recently, the international terrorist network’s Yemeni branch in the last year has been attempting to stockpile the lethal poison ricin for use in possible large-scale attacks in the United States, some intelligence sources have said.” There are grounds for concern whenever high profile arrests and detentions are conducted with regard to terrorists highly educated in the life sciences, specifically in connection with Syria. The looting of Syria’s pharmaceutical laboratories (which would mainly have been Biological Safety Level (BSL) 1 or 2), estimated at around 70 percent, of which probably 20 to 30 percent are likely contributors to Asad’s bioweapons programs, should not be seen as a series of random incidents. Looting a pharmaceutical firm or research facility means divesting it of bio-reactors, laminar flow hoods, centrifuges, incubators, refrigerators etc. and since the laboratories would possibly be involved in research on highly pathogenic agents, such as rabies, cholera, botulism, ricin, any looting would need to be orchestrated with care and precise timing. It’s not like walking off with a TV set from a city shop during a riot, when looting would be haphazard and looters would grab what they can on the go. There is a moderate probability that the looting of Syrian pharmaceutical facilities has been orchestrated by Al Qaeda, who may have retained highly-skilled, Western-educated biological and chemical experts for this purpose. Certainly, the reported looting of these facilities has occurred in sectors where Al Qaeda has been fighting.
Historically, most terrorist attacks on civilian targets have involved the use of firearms or explosives, and current defensive strategies are aimed at preventing attacks perpetrated by such means. However, the use of the nerve agent sarin in 1995 to attack the Tokyo subway system, the use of the U.S. mail in 2001 to distribute letters containing anthrax spores, and the discovery in 2004 of the biological toxin ricin in U.S. Senate Office Buildings in Washington, D.C., demonstrate that chemical and biological agents have been added to terrorists’ arsenals. Attacks involving chemical/biological agents are of great concern, not only because of the potential for mass casualties but also because there is no strategy or technology fielded today that can respond adequately to this threat. As the United States and other countries reassess the security measures they have in place to prevent or defend against such attacks (particularly in areas where large numbers of people gather and then widely disperse), the risks to the air transportation system as a primary target become clear. While potential attacks on all modes of transportation are of concern, the Committee on Assessment of Security Technologies for Transportation believes that the U.S. air transportation system continues to have a high priority for counterterrorism resources, both because of its economic importance and because of the intensified public perception of risk following the September 11, 2001, attacks. The air transportation system can also serve as a testbed for the development of defensive technologies and strategies that can subsequently be applied to other transportation modes. The large numbers of people gathered in air terminals—perpetually coming and going—provide anonymity to the terrorist, and the fact that most passengers carry luggage makes the detection of threat agents concealed in luggage more difficult. The rapid dispersal of passengers from air terminals to destinations around the world means that those who become infected with communicable diseases could spread the diseases widely in a short time, a situation that was demonstrated in 2003 in the case of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus. Finally, a chemical/biological attack on the U.S. air transportation system would raise the already high level of public anxiety about travel risks and would likely result in significant economic disruption.
A final important impact study is Reich, Hall and Jacobs's (2003) analysis of a particularly broad ordinance (in terms of coverage, wages, and other mandates, such as training standards) implemented at the San Francisco International Airport in 2000. While the authors find the expected increase in wages (they not that the wage of affected entry-level workers rose by an average of 33 percent), what's most notable about their findings are the efficiency wage effects. They report that turnover fell by an average of 34 percent among firms covered by the ordinance and that the decline in turnover rates increase with wages. To cite a particularly relevant occupation in our post-9/11 world, they report that turnover among airport security screeners, whose average wage rose by 55 percent after the living wage went into effect, fell from 94.7 percent per year to 18.7 percent fifteen months later. While Fairris (2003) finds a negative relation between living wages and training, Reich, Hall, and Jacobs report increased training as mandated by the ordinance itself. Finally, while they argue that employed levels were not affected by the ordinance, they do not offer the controls that would enable them to test this assertion relative to unaffected firms.
Because the screening equipment at airport checkpoints does not automatically detect dangerous objects, the effectiveness of the screeners operating the equipment is vital to maintaining the security of the aviation system. It is the screeners who must determine whether an image on an X-ray screen or the triggering of a metal detector’s alarm indicates a security concern and, if so, what action should be taken to resolve the concern. FAA, the aviation industry, and others have long recognized that checkpoint screeners are not more successful in their detection of dangerous objects for several reasons. Two of the primary reasons are the rapid turnover among screeners and human factors issues. The rapid turnover among screeners has been a long-standing problem that affects performance. Turnover was cited as a concern in studies as early as 1979. The studies have found that the high turnover rate means that checkpoints are rarely staffed by screeners with much experience. For instance, one study found that about 90 percent of all screeners at any given checkpoint had less than 6 months’ experience.1 At one airport we visited, we found that, during a 3-month period in 1999, 114 of the 167 screeners (68 percent) hired had quit their jobs. Furthermore, of the 993 screeners trained at this airport over about a 1-year period, only 142 (14 percent) were still employed at the end of that year. Not only has turnover been an historical problem, but it is worse today than it was in the past. In 1987, we reported that turnover among screeners at some airports was about 100 percent in a 12-month period;2 by 1994, FAA was reporting that the turnover at some airports was 100 percent in a 10- month period.3 For the 12 months from May 1998 through April 1999, turnover averaged 126 percent among screeners at 19 large airports, according to data the airports reported to FAA. Five of the airports reported turnover of 200 percent or more, with one reporting turnover of 416 percent. Table 2 lists the turnover rates for screeners at 19 large airports during this period. Both FAA and the aviation industry attribute the high turnover to the low wages screeners receive, the minimal benefits, and the daily stress of the job. Generally, screeners get paid at or near the minimum wage. We found that some of the screening companies at many of the nation’s largest airports paid screeners a starting salary of $6 an hour or less, and at some airports, the starting salary was the minimum wage—$5.15 an hour. It is common for the starting wages at airport fast-food restaurants to be higher than the wages screeners receive. For instance, at one airport we visited, the screeners’ wages started as low as $6.25 an hour, whereas the starting wage at one of the airport’s fast-food restaurants was $7 an hour.
A similar scenario is unfolding in airports across the country, as the agency created after 9/11 to protect airplanes from terrorists struggles to keep screeners on the job. Airport security screeners have some of the worst job turnover of federal workers despite a $100-million effort to improve salaries and work duties, a USA TODAY analysis of federal data shows. One in five screeners left between Oct. 1, 2006, and Sept. 30, 2007, federal Office of Personnel Management figures show. The turnover rate was identical the year before. Attrition for the rest of the federal government was 8% in 2006-07. "Twenty percent (turnover) is pretty high," former Homeland Security Department inspector general Clark Ervin says. "You want people who are as sharp and experienced as possible, and that's why it's a concern." Screener departures leave airport checkpoints "chronically short-handed," says Rebecca O'Bryan, who last month left her full-time screener job at San Jose International Airport. "You've got these inexperienced people who are really slow using the equipment. It slows everything down." TSA spokeswoman Ellen Howe said the turnover is "manageable" and does not weaken security or slow the screening process because screeners get 180 hours of training when they are hired. "We have such a high training standard before they ever go on the line," she says. Turnover has impacted airport screening since before the TSA took over from private-sector security firms after Sept. 11. A congressional report in 2000 about screeners' failure to find weapons in covert tests said, "The rapid turnover among screeners has been a long-standing problem that affects performance." Although attrition now is lower than the 125% annual rate at major airports in the late 1990s, the problems today are similar to what they were years ago — tough work and low pay. About 73% of screeners who left last year quit their jobs; the other 27% retired, were fired, or moved on to another government job.
A virus genetically engineered to infect its host quickly, to generate symptoms slowly—say, only after weeks or months—and to spread easily through the air or by casual contact would be vastly more devastating than HIV. It could silently penetrate the population to unleash its deadly effects suddenly. This type of epidemic would be almost impossible to combat because most of the infections would occur before the epidemic became obvious. A technologically sophisticated terrorist group could develop such a virus and kill a large part of humanity with it. Indeed, terrorists may not have to develop it themselves: some scientist may do so first and publish the details. Given the rate at which biologists are making discoveries about viruses and the immune system, at some point in the near future, someone may create artificial pathogens that could drive the human race to extinction. Indeed, a detailed species-elimination plan of this nature was openly proposed in a scientific journal. The ostensible purpose of that particular research was to suggest a way to extirpate the malaria mosquito, but similar techniques could be directed toward humans.16 When I’ve talked to molecular biologists about this method, they are quick to point out that it is slow and easily detectable and could be fought with biotech remedies. If you challenge them to come up with improvements to the suggested attack plan, however, they have plenty of ideas. Modern biotechnology will soon be capable, if it is not already, of bringing about the demise of the human race— or at least of killing a sufficient number of people to end high-tech civilization and set humanity back 1,000 years or more. That terrorist groups could achieve this level of technological sophistication may seem far-fetched, but keep in mind that it takes only a handful of individuals to accomplish these tasks. Never has lethal power of this potency been accessible to so few, so easily. Even more dramatically than nuclear proliferation, modern biological science has frighteningly undermined the correlation between the lethality of a weapon and its cost, a fundamentally stabilizing mechanism throughout history. Access to extremely lethal agents—lethal enough to exterminate Homo sapiens—will be available to anybody with a solid background in biology, terrorists included. The 9/11 attacks involved at least four pilots, each of whom had sufficient education to enroll in flight schools and complete several years of training. Bin laden had a degree in civil engineering. Mohammed Atta attended a German university, where he earned a master’s degree in urban planning—not a field he likely chose for its relevance to terrorism. A future set of terrorists could just as easily be students of molecular biology who enter their studies innocently enough but later put their skills to homicidal use. Hundreds of universities in Europe and Asia have curricula sufficient to train people in the skills necessary to make a sophisticated biological weapon, and hundreds more in the United States accept students from all over the world. Thus it seems likely that sometime in the near future a small band of terrorists, or even a single misanthropic individual, will overcome our best defenses and do something truly terrible, such as fashion a bioweapon that could kill millions or even billions of people.
Just governments ought to require that employers pay a living wage for employees working in airports.
In recent years, changes in the organization of the airports and the airline industry, and the outsourcing of labor-intensive service jobs by government and private firms, created downward pressures on wages as firms competed to put in the lowest bids. Higher levels of government and regulatory agencies, such as the FAA, failed to reverse these forces, with a consequent decline in the level of services. In this context, city-level living wage policies create a common floor that enables employers to bid on service quality, not wages. Such policies should have positive effects on job performance and service quality.
I will defend normal means and all links and disads pertaining implementation of the plan.
The evidence on wage and employment effects sets the stage for weighing these competing effects, in particular examining the effect of living wage laws on poverty. To examine the impact of living wages on poverty, we estimate linear probability models for the full sample of families from March Annual Demographic Files of the CPS covering 1995 through 2001. The dependent variable is a dummy variable equal to one if a family’s income falls below the federal government’s threshold for poverty, and zero otherwise. The specification includes city and year dummy variables, and differential trends for cities with and without living wage laws (or with different types of living wage laws). The evidence yields negative point estimates (implying poverty reductions) for both types of living wage laws, but only the estimated effect of business assistance living wage laws is statistically significant (at the ten-percent level). For business assistance living wage laws, the estimated coefficient of −0.024 in Table 2 implies that a one log unit increase in the living wage reduces the poverty rate by 2.4 percent. Relative to an 18.6 percent poverty rate, this represents a 12 percent reduction, or an elasticity of −0.12. This seems like a large effect, given a wage elasticity for low-wage workers below 0.1. Of course, no one is claiming that living wages can lift families from well below the poverty line to well above it. But living wages may help nudge families over the poverty line, and these average wage effects are likely manifested as much larger gains concentrated on a possibly quite small number of workers and families. Thus, even coupled with some employment reductions, living wages can lift a detectable number of families above the poverty line. We return to this point later, in the discussion of Brenner’s (2003) estimates of the number of workers that experienced wage increases as a result of Boston’s living wage law.
The deadliest form of violence is poverty. --Ghandi It has often been observed that America is a truly violent nation, as shown by the thousands of cases of social and communal violence that occurs daily in the nation. Every year, some 20,000 people are killed by others, and additional 20,000 folks kill themselves. Add to this the nonlethal violence that Americans daily inflict on each other, and we begin to see the tracings of a nation immersed in a fever of violence. But, as remarkable, and harrowing as this level and degree of violence is, it is, by far, not the most violent features of living in the midst of the American empire. We live, equally immersed, and to a deeper degree, in a nation that condones and ignores wide-ranging "structural' violence, of a kind that destroys human life with a breathtaking ruthlessness. Former Massachusetts prison official and writer, Dr. James Gilligan observes; By "structural violence" I mean the increased rates of death and disability suffered by those who occupy the bottom rungs of society, as contrasted by those who are above them. Those excess deaths (or at least a demonstrably large proportion of them) are a function of the class structure; and that structure is itself a product of society's collective human choices, concerning how to distribute the collective wealth of the society. These are not acts of God. I am contrasting "structural" with "behavioral violence" by which I mean the non-natural deaths and injuries that are caused by specific behavioral actions of individuals against individuals, such as the deaths we attribute to homicide, suicide, soldiers in warfare, capital punishment, and so on. --(Gilligan, J., MD, Violence: Reflections On a National Epidemic (New York: Vintage, 1996), 192.) This form of violence, not covered by any of the majoritarian, corporate, ruling-class protected media, is invisible to us and because of its invisibility, all the more insidious. How dangerous is it--really? Gilligan notes: [E]very fifteen years, on the average, as many people die because of relative poverty as would be killed in a nuclear war that caused 232 million deaths; and every single year, two to three times as many people die from poverty throughout the world as were killed by the Nazi genocide of the Jews over a six-year period. This is, in effect, the equivalent of an ongoing, unending, in fact accelerating, thermonuclear war, or genocide on the weak and poor every year of every decade, throughout the world.
A) key to checking neg flex—bidirectional interps means you can always shift the debate to a preclusive layer. This skews 1AR time because I’m forced to win both theory and case debate and you can go for either in the 2N. Also justifies an RVI if you win theory is reject the debater because otherwise theory is a no-risk issue for my opponent.
B) key to reciprocity—I speak first so I must commit to a framing of the debate. I can’t read T against the neg so it’s a strategy that only the neg gets access too—making it game over allows neg to abuse that power.
C) maximizes topical education since reject debater ends the debate on theory and encourages 1ar to collapse to RVI. Rejecting arg ensures we can continue discussing the topic. Biggest impact to education since the topic is the only thing that changes from tournament to tournament. Also key to fairness because the topic is what we are both most ready and most expected to debate. Deciding the debate on non-substantive issues advantages the debater who has less prep on the topic and is technically stronger.
2 ( ) The neg must only advocate the converse. This requires reading either the minimum wage or some unconditional counterplan, 2 warrants: A) this burden structure is most reciprocal since we both have parallel burdens. Neither debater gets access to skepticism or permissibility, which is excellent because these strategies negate the value of the aff case value criterion down and force a restart in the 1AR, arbitrarily nullifying significant portions of my 6 minute speech. B) defending the converse forces topical debate rather than focusing on issues that have no relevance to living wage. Topical debate is key to fairness by ensuring ability to apply research and prep effectively and key to education by creating more meaningful clash.
B) No solvency - nobody is likely to care about one individual round, or even hear about it in the first place. There are thousands of rounds on any given topic, so at best the impact is mooted.
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I first started painting owls in 2014 when two owls decided to call the gum tree in my families back yard home. Our beloved tree was bare of leaves and close to dying. Within a week of the owls first visit the tree flourished and was blanketed in a sea of vivid green leaves. As it turns out Owls are a symbol of change. I was very sick at the time with a symptom flare of my chronic condition P.O.T.S, which saw me bed bound for months. I painted the owl, in the hopes that it would bring about renewed health for myself as the owls had done for our gum tree.
I now paint owls whenever I feel a change is about to occur in my life, to signify significant meaningful events or when I feel 'stuck' and in need of some sort of shift in regards to my physical or mental health or in life in generally.
Ask Sally a question regarding "Prey"
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How did the emergency vehicles get there so quickly?
In the very first episode of Breaking Bad (S1E1 Pilot), Walt and Jesse drive the RV out into the middle of nowhere, New Mexico. They are many miles from civilization. The closest sign of human life is a small farm two miles away.
During the events of the episode, there are gunshots and a brush fire near the RV. Soon after, we hear sirens in the distance (this is actually where the episode begins, three weeks later).
This was a remote location and there was a very short time between smoke and gunshots being discernible and the sirens being heard. How did emergency vehicles show up so quickly?
Even if someone at the distant farm saw smoke and called 911, how could anyone respond so quickly? Was this some kind of setup by the bad guys in the episode?
The emergency vehicles were not there to attend to reports of gunshots. They were there for the fire (much to Walter's relief).
I suspect that the reason they responded and did so quickly was that there was some sort of watch for smoke in a district prone to fire. It is likely that, in a parched, flat area where fires tend to break out, there is a standing watch for smoke. And, since the area is flat, the smoke is easy to spot.
Maybe they were still fast but they clearly were unconcerned with Walter so were not either set up by the drug dealers or in search of other suspicions characters. This leaves us with them having spotted the smoke.
How did Hank know about the bullet holes before removing the duct tape?
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The Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians (Ojibwe language: Mikinaakwajiw-ininiwag) is a Native American tribe of Ojibwa and Métis peoples, based on the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation in Belcourt, North Dakota. The tribe has 30,000 enrolled members. A population of 5,815 reside on the main reservation and another 2,516 reside on off-reservation trust land (as of the 2000 census). It is federally recognized and Richard McCloud is the current Tribal Chairman.
Around the end of the eighteenth century, prior to the advent of white traders in the area, the formerly woodland-oriented Chippewa, who had been in what is now Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, moved out onto the Great Plains in pursuit of the buffalo and new beaver resources to hunt and trade. They successfully reoriented their culture to life on the plains, adopting horses, and developing the bison-hide tipi, the Red River cart, hard-soled footwear, and new ceremonial procedures. By around 1800, these Indians were hunting in the Turtle Mountain area of present-day North Dakota.
Turtle Mountain was a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was created with the westward expansion of the province's boundaries in 1881, eliminated by redistribution in 1968, and re-established in 1979, formally returned to the electoral map with the provincial election of 1981. It was dissolved for the 2011 election.
Turtle Mountain was located in the southwestern region of the province. It was bounded to the north by Ste. Rose, to the west by Minnedosa and Arthur-Virden, to the east by Pembina, Carman and Portage la Prairie, and south to the American state of North Dakota.
The riding was primarily rural. Communities in the riding included Killarney, Carberry, Glenboro, Pilot Mound and MacGregor.
The riding's population in 1996 was 18,569. In 1999, the average family income was $43,265, and the unemployment rate was 3.50%. Agriculture accounted for 37% of all industry in the riding, followed by health and social service work at 9%. Thirteen per cent of the riding's residents were German.
Turtle Mountain, or the Turtle Mountains, is an area in central North America, in the north-central portion of the U.S. state of North Dakota and southwestern portion of the Canadian province of Manitoba, approximately 100 km south of the city of Brandon on provincial highway 10. It is a plateau 2,000 ft (600 m) above sea level, 300 ft to 400 ft (90 m to 120 m) above the surrounding countryside, extending 20 mi (32 km) from north to south and 40 mi (64 km) from east to west.
It has timber, numerous lakes, and small deposits of low-grade manganese. The Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation is in a valley on the southeastern edge of the plateau, and the International Peace Garden is also located in the region. One of the most popular and largest lakes in the Turtle Mountains is Lake Metigoshe, which straddles the international border, with about one-eighth of the lake in Canada. The region is home to Turtle Mountain Provincial Park, a state park, two historic sites, and various hunting and fishing opportunities. Bottineau Winter Park, a modest alpine ski area with a vertical drop of 250 feet (76 m), is in the western part of the plateau.
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Do you know how much money your company is throwing away on a daily basis? Between the physical labor and time spent, the unnecessary materials wasted, and the resources misused to complete extraneous tasks, it is crucial for you to identify the waste in your business.
That is the entire philosophy behind lean manufacturing.
This educational clip from Lean U on YouTube gives a lot of examples of specific – and sometimes shocking! – instances of waste that may be easily eliminated through the implementation of lean practices.
1. Transportation – This refers to the excessive movement of people, information, and materials. For example, the physical time spent an employee spends walking a document from one floor to another for delivery could easily be streamlined though the utilization of modern technologies, such as e-mail or a communication and productivity application, such as Asana or Evernote. Additionally, there would be materials saved by not printing out the document before approval.
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The precise function of the pineal gland is not known in any detail. Evolutionarily, the pineal gland is derived from cells seen in lower animals that directly respond to light (so-called photoreceptors). In man (and other mammals) this direct connection has been lost, but as described in the anatomy section, there is an indirect connection. The pineal gland alters its activity in response to the state of light, as detected through this pathway. During darkness (i.e. night) it has an increased activity, where the hormones it produces are produced at an accelerated rate. Conversely during light (i.e. day) its activity is suppressed. (This daily rhythm is known as a circadian rhythm). It therefore appears that the gland has a major role in maintaining the circadian rhythm of the body.
The pineal gland produces a variety of hormones including noradrenaline, serotonin, histamine, dopamine, octopamine, luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), somatostatin and vasotocin. The main hormone produced and released by the pineal is melatonin.
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Cuando se conocieron eran j venes y estaban llenos de esperanza Aunque ambos viv an en Nueva York, sol an enviarse cartas en las que imaginaban c mo ser a su futuro El remitente era siempre el mismo Departamento de especulaciones Se casaron, tuvieron un hijo y sortearon como pudieron los peque os obst culos de la vida familiar Pero algo ha ido cambiando Han apareciCuando se conocieron eran j venes y estaban llenos de esperanza Aunque ambos viv an en Nueva York, sol an enviarse cartas en las que imaginaban c mo ser a su futuro El remitente era siempre el mismo Departamento de especulaciones Se casaron, tuvieron un hijo y sortearon como pudieron los peque os obst culos de la vida familiar Pero algo ha ido cambiando Han aparecido miedos y dudas que ponen en cuesti n todo cuanto tienen En un intento de encontrar el punto en el que se equivocaron de rumbo, la esposa echa la vista atr s para tratar de adivinar qu se ha perdido y qu puede salvarse todav a Con un estilo despojado y exacto que destila rabia e ingenio, invocando, entre otros, a Kafka, Einstein o a los cosmonautas rusos, Offill ha escrito una exquisita y potente historia de amor.
I underlined basically the entire novel.
6 stars.I'm doing my inarticulate book-clutching thing.
Very nice, subtle novel. The prose is clear, stripped-back and easy to follow, it's very incidental and smooth. I don't know, reading this novel feels like that moment when you slip into a hot bath and suddenly everything is alright. The words swash around you with their calming violence, constantly bobbling and trickling along with their nonchalant rhythm. This is a wonderful piece. I'm saddend that more people haven't read this. I truly recommend it.
I wrote a review a couple of years agorry --not sure where it is Might show up Mariah!!
Well this book broke me into pieces. I just felt super connected to the main character and even though I am not married and I don't have any children I was still able to put myself in that characters shoes. The author did a great job at this. This was a fast, short, easy read that was super interesting and made you think and feel greatly!
This novel is some kind of magic trick. I don't know how else to explain how this envelope of a book, like a genie's lamp, contains so much story, truth, heartbreak, and wisdom. It left as big an impression as a tome, and in 160 odd pages that is something special.
Original!Sometimes Hilarious!Absorbing and beautifully tenderly absurd slim novel that strikes a cord of truth.A meaningful story. Reveals the light within the darkness!A one sitting read!
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0.991312 |
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233 "This service has been inspired by Stefano Zacchiroli's <a "
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255 msgid "Copyright © 2009 Jan Dittberner"
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320 msgid "Error during URL creation:"
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0.995133 |
Which credit report factors are essential for loan approval?
There are a lot of instances where you may find yourself taking a bank loan. A bank loan can help you in many ways possible to make your life easy. Let's say for example you would like to purchase a house, you obviously know that you do not have enough funds to buy one. What do you do? You apply for a home loan which supplements the dream to own a place you can call home. Similarly, imagine you need urgent funds, you may think of applying for a personal loan which will help you manage your need of the hour.
Getting a loan is easy; this is what you see in different advertisements published by various banks and Non-banking companies. But is it that easy? When you actually step in the loan market you will face a lot of dilemmas in terms of loans and its procedures, the most important of all is your credit report. Your loan can be denied only for his particular reason that your cibil score is less.
So what exactly is a credit score and how is it important during my loan process?
A credit report is detailed information of how you have managed your debts. If you have any late payments and skipped any payments recently, etc. There are different credit bureaus that collect this information and produce it to lenders if and when needed. Also, the credit score can determine if you have the power to negotiate on the loan interest rates.
So what all things can one see in the report?
Companies and individuals that have accessed your credit report.
You can also find information on your report like; you have ever filed bankruptcy or pre-closed any account.
This is one of the most important features when the lenders evaluate your report to determine if you are credit worthy. If you have a long history to make all your payments on time, you can get your loan sanctioned in no time. Similarly, with a bad credit score you cannot expect to get a loan and you will definitely end up on the loan defaulter list.
If you had hard times making regular payments to your existing lenders, you cannot expect the new lender to sanction you a loan just like that.
Credit usage is one of the factors which you have in hand while building your score or hurt it. The lender will consider giving you money only if your credit usage is less than what was sanctioned. It does not matter if your credit utilization is high, you can block less limit on your credit account by making all your payments on time.
The bank while lending you money evaluates your credit account tenure. This gives them a clear idea on how old your account is and if you have managed to keep it in a positive manner. If you have recently closed a credit account, you may face problems getting your loan sanctioned.
The lender will always see if you have multiple accounts on your report. This shows that you can manage multiple accounts with ease and you can take care of one more.
There are different criteria’s adhered by different lenders through different credit bureaus when you apply for a loan. The bottom line is, making sure you make all your payments on time and adhere all your finances, this will not only boost your loan application but will also help you with speedy approvals.
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0.949366 |
The 1982 film adaptation of Robert E. Howard's Conan the Barbarian, for example, is a personal (non-epic) story concerning the hero's quest for revenge and his efforts to thwart a single megalomaniac—while saving a beautiful princess in the process. Some critics refer to such films by the term Sword and Sandal rather than Sword and Sorcery, although others would maintain that the Sword and Sandal label should be reserved only for the subset of fantasy films set in ancient times on the planet Earth, and still others would broaden the term to encompass films that have no fantastic elements whatsoever. To some, the term Sword and Sandal has pejorative connotations, designating a film with a low-quality script, bad acting and poor production values.
Films with live action and animation such as Disney's Mary Poppins, Pete's Dragon, Enchanted and the Robert Zemeckis film Who Framed Roger Rabbit are also fantasy films although are more often referred to as Live action/animation hybrids (2 of those are also classified as musicals).
As noted above, superhero movies and fairy tale films might each be kconsidered subgenres of fantasy films, although most would classify them as altogether separate movie genres.
As a cinematic genre, fantasy has traditionally not been regarded as highly as the related genre of science fiction film. Undoubtedly, the fact that until recently fantasy films often suffered from the "Sword and Sandal" afflictions of inferior production values, over-the-top acting and decidedly poor special effects was a significant factor in fantasy film's low regard.
Since the late 1990s, however, the genre has gained new respectability in a way, driven principally by the successful adaptations of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings and J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy is notable due to its ambitious scope, serious tone and thematic complexity. These pictures achieved phenomenal commercial and critical success, and the third installment of the trilogy became the first fantasy film ever to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Harry Potter series has been a tremendous financial success, has achieved critical acclaim, and boasts an enormous and loyal fanbase.
Fantasy movies in recent years, such as the Lord of the Rings films, the first and third Narnia adaptations, and the first second, fourth and seventh Harry Potter adaptations have most often been released in November and December. This is in contrast to science fiction films, which are often released during the northern hemisphere summer (June - August). All 3 installments of the Pirates of the Caribbean fantasy films, however, were released in July 2003, July 2006 and May 2007 respectively, and the latest releases in the Harry Potter series were released in July, 2007 and July 2009. The huge commercial success of these pictures may indicate a change in Hollywood's approach to big-budget fantasy film releases.
In the era of silent film the earliest fantasy films were those made by French film pioneer Georges Méliès from 1903. The most famous of these was 1902's A Trip to the Moon. In the Golden Age of Silent film (1918–1926) the most outstanding fantasy films were Douglas Fairbanks' The Thief of Bagdad (1924) and Fritz Lang's Die Nibelungen (1924) and Destiny (1921). other notables in the genre were F.W. Murnau's romantic ghost story Phantom, Tarzan of the Apes starring Elmo Lincoln, and D. W. Griffith's The Sorrows of Satan.
Following the advent of sound films, audiences of all ages were introduced to 1939's The Wizard of Oz. Also notable of the era, the iconic 1933 film King Kong borrows heavily from the Lost World subgenre of fantasy fiction as does such films as the 1935 adaption of H. Rider Haggard's novel She about an African expedition that discovers an immortal queen known as Ayesha "She who must be obeyed". Frank Capra's 1937 picture Lost Horizon transported audiences to the Himalayan fantasy kingdom of Shangri-La, where the residents magically never age. Other noteworthy fantasy film of the 30s include Tarzan the Ape Man in 1932 starring Johnny Weissmuller starting a successful series of talking pictures based on the fantasy-adventure novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs and the G. W. Pabst directed The Mistress of Atlantis from 1932. 1932 saw the release of the Universal Studios monster movie The Mummy which combined horror with a romantic fantasy twist. more light-hearted and comedic affairs from the decade include films like 1934s romantic drama film Death Takes a Holiday where Fredric March plays Death who takes a human body to experience life for three days, and 1937s Topper where a man is haunted by two fun loving ghosts who try to make his life a little more exciting.
The 1940s then saw several full color fantasy films produced by Alexander Korda, including The Thief of Bagdad (1940), a film on par with The Wizard of Oz, and Jungle Book (1942). In 1946, Jean Cocteau's classic adaptation of Beauty and the Beast won praise for its surreal elements and for transcending the boundaries of the fairy tale genre. Sinbad the Sailor (1947), starring Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., has the feel of a fantasy film though it does not actually have any fantastic elements. Conversely, It's a Wonderful Life and A Matter of Life and Death, both from 1946, do not feel like fantasy films yet both feature supernatural elements and the latter movie could reasonably be cited as an example of Bangsian fantasy.
Other notable pictures from the 1950s that feature fantastic elements and are sometimes classified as fantasy are: Harvey (1950), featuring a púca of Celtic mythology; Scrooge, the 1951 adaptation of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol; and Ingmar Bergman's 1957 masterpiece, The Seventh Seal. Disney's 1951 animated film Alice in Wonderland is also a fantasy classic.
1980's fantasy films were initially characterised by directors finding a new spin on established mythologies. Ray Harryhausen brought the monsters of Greek legends to life in Clash of the Titans while Arthurian lore returned to the screen in John Boorman's 1981 Excalibur. Films such as Ridley Scott's 1985 Legend and Terry Gilliam's 1981–1986 trilogy of fantasy epics (Time Bandits, Brazil, and The Adventures of Baron Munchausen) explored a new artist-driven style featuring surrealist imagery and thought-provoking plots. The modern sword and sorcery boom began around the same time with 1982's Conan the Barbarian followed by Krull and Fire and Ice in 1983, as well as a boom in fairy tale-like fantasy films such as Ladyhawke (1985), The Princess Bride (1987), and Willow (1988).
The 80s also started a trend in mixing modern settings and action movie effects with exotic fantasy-like concepts. Big Trouble in Little China (1986), directed by John Carpenter and starring Kurt Russell, combined humor, martial arts and classic Chinese folklore in a modern Chinatown setting. Highlander, a film about immortal Scottish swordsmen, was released the same year.
Jim Henson produced two iconic fantasy films in the 80s, the solemn The Dark Crystal and the more whimsical and lofty Labyrinth. Meanwhile, Robert Zemeckis helmed Who Framed Roger Rabbit, featuring various famous cartoon characters from animation's "Golden Age," including Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Droopy, Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner, Sylvester the Cat, Tweety Pie and Jiminy Cricket, among others.
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0.999951 |
dietro il monte, dopo un lungo giorno.
Capita molto spesso, nelle nostre letture, di condividere citazioni, frasi e simpatici detti che racchiudono un po’ il nostro modo di pensare e vivere la vita, frasi che tutti noi avremmo voluto scrivere. Questa piccola fatica soddisfa un mio vecchio desiderio: quello di raccoglierne una parte di poche righe, dove hanno sintetizzato grandi verità ed intuizioni, talvolta condivisibili, altre volte meno, ma che sicuramente inducono a riflessioni e giudizi. Tutto ciò ci restituisce quello spirito critico che crediamo di non avere ma che c’è ed attende solo di essere stimolato a conferma che le circostanze della vita, in fondo, si ripetono da sempre, garantisco che queste “pillole” di saggezza non hanno alcuna controindicazione.
Continui allora a rimanere nel tuo lavoro, anche se non ti soddisfa, solamente perché si tratta di un posto sicuro, senza neppure adoperarti attivamente per cercarne un altro che davvero ti stimoli e ti faccia sentire vivo. Continui a restare in una relazione nella quale l’amore e la passione sono svaniti da tempo, senza preoccuparti di come rivitalizzarla, solo perché il rapporto va ormai avanti da anni e non è il caso di metterlo in discussione. Preferisci seguire il flusso degli eventi, anziché cercare di assumerti le tue responsabilità e determinarne il corso. Preferisci rimanere al sicuro, non esporti, adottando un atteggiamento passivo e sperando che i venti della vita ti conducano in una direzione favorevole. Si può fare di meglio? Credo proprio di si.
A tu per tu con la paura. Vincere le proprie paure per imparare ad amare.
Ma cos’è esattamente il coraggio? Cosa significa vivere senza paura? Il coraggio, semplicemente, non è assenza di paura: al contrario, è la capacità di agire nonostante si provi paura. Le persone coraggiose provano certamente paura, ma non consentono che la paura le paralizzi. Le persone coraggiose riconoscono, accettano e affrontano le loro paure, anche se queste le terrorizzano. E ciò le aiuta ad acquisire sempre maggiore coraggio, come in un circolo virtuoso: più affronti le tue paure, più guadagni coraggio. Al contrario, coloro che mancano di coraggio, hanno la tendenza a sentirsi sollevati e come liberati da un peso quando riescono ad evitare le loro paure: se sono stati in grado di fuggire una paura, infatti, il sollievo che ne deriva agisce come un premio alla loro impresa, rinforzando ancor più la loro timidezza e la loro mancanza di coraggio. Si entra in un circolo vizioso. Questi atteggiamenti volti a evitare la paura producono nel lungo termine effetti permanenti. Invecchi e cominci a dare le tue paure per scontate, i tuoi timori finiscono per appartenerti e divengono parte integrante della tua personalità. Allora cerchi di razionalizzare i tuoi comportamenti e giustificare le tue paure. Hai una famiglia da mantenere e non puoi prendere rischi, sei troppo in là con gli anni per poter cercare un nuovo lavoro, non puoi smettere di fumare perché ormai hai preso il vizio, non puoi dimagrire per via dei tuoi geni. Allora trascorrono cinque anni, poi dieci, poi venti... e realizzi che in fondo in questo arco di tempo la tua vita non è cambiata poi molto. Affiorano rimpianti e le insoddisfazioni si fanno strada. Cerchi allora di convincerti che devi solamente vivere gli anni che ti restano nel modo più tranquillo e normale possibile fino a quando non ti troverai sotto terra, dove finalmente raggiungerai la totale sicurezza e la completa stabilità. Potrai dire di aver vissuto veramente? Temo di no.
Il coraggio non è l’assenza di paura, ma la consapevolezza che nella tua vita c’è qualcosa di più importante della paura LA VERA STESSA VITA.
behind the mountain after a long day.
that it gets dark ..
What can you say about a society where many people are convinced that God is dead and Elvis is alive?
Wise people speak because they have something to say. Foolish people because they have to say something.
It happens very often, in our readings, share quotations, phrases and funny sayings that contain a bit 'our way of thinking and living the life sentences that all of us would have liked to write. This small effort meets an old desire: to collect a part of a few lines, which have synthesized the great truths and insights, sometimes shared, sometimes not, but that certainly lead to reflections and judgments. All this gives us the critical spirit that we believe we have not but that is there and waiting to be stimulated confirming that the circumstances of life, basically, repeat always, I guarantee these "pills" of wisdom have no contraindication.
Looking around, it is easy to see that in our time the concept of courage has, in general terms, of too much consideration.
Courage is a quality that accomuniamo often the concept of heroism, referring to exceptional gestures than endanger his life for a greater good or for the life of another person.
But only rarely dare is exalted as a virtue to be cultivated and put into practice every day. What most seems today has, on the contrary, is the concept of security. We are often advised not to take risks, not to make risky moves. Remain in a position of comfort, do not expose us, not talk to strangers, be careful and vigilant, suspicious of others. Stay safe and not take unnecessary risks.
There is, however, a not insignificant effect on everything: to recognize the stability and security of person too much importance in your life can, in fact, cause you to lead a life of mere reaction, geared to maintaining rather than development active. Instead of planning your goals and pursue them in the way you set, assuming a role of absolute liability in your choices and your actions, you end the contrary to play defense, staying safe and trying to fend off the shell that you created.
Then continue to stay in your job, even if you're unhappy, just because it is a safe place, without even adoperarti actively look for another that you really stimuli and makes you feel alive. Continues to remain in a relationship in which love and passion are gone for some time, without worrying about how to revitalize it, just because the relationship goes on for years now and there is no need to question it. Prefer to follow the flow of events, rather than trying to hire you your responsibilities and determine its course. Do you prefer to stay safe, not exports, adopting a passive attitude and hoping that the winds of life lead you in a favorable direction. You can do better? I really think so.
Face to face with fear. Overcome their fears by learning to love.
The key step to take on the responsibility for our existence is to buy courage, to live without fear. I do not speak of the courage to bail out or dive from a cliff above the sea. I speak of courage to face all those fears that hold you back from expressing yourself fully from asserting your personality and absolutely, without masks and fears. I speak of the ability to deal with the fear of failure. Fear of rejection. The fear of being humiliated. The fear of being alone. The fear of not succeeding.
We all have these fears, without exception. What sets us apart, however, is the willingness to recognize them, accept them and deal with them. Most people ignore these fears, refuses, he does not accept them, simply denies, find excuses. If you do not speak in public it is because you have nothing to say, is obvious. Unless you turn to an outsider just because you be rude, of course. But think carefully, how would you live your life if I had no fear? Do not you go out from your comfort zone? Not esprimeresti easier your ideas rather than conform to those of others? Would not it be easier to open up fully to the next? Think about how you would live your life more fully if your fears do not frenassero, think of how you grow and develop as an individual. To do this all you need is courage.
But what exactly is the courage? What it means to live without fear? The courage simply is not the absence of fear; on the contrary, is the ability to act in spite of fear try. The brave people certainly feel fear, but do not allow fear to paralyze. The brave people recognize, accept and face their fears, although these are terrorizing. And it helps them gain greater courage, as in a virtuous circle: more face your fears, the more you earn courage. On the contrary, those who lack courage, have a tendency to feel relieved and freed from a weight as when they manage to avoid their fears if they were able to escape a fear, in fact, the relief resulting acts as a prize in their undertaking, reinforcing even more their timidity and lack of courage. You enter a vicious circle. These attitudes on the avoidance of fear along with the long-term permanent effects. Get older and you start to give your fears for granted, your fears eventually belong to you and become part of your personality. So you try to rationalize your behavior and justify your fears. You have a family to support and can not take risks, you're too in later years to be able to look for a new job, you can not stop smoking because now you've taken the habit, you can not lose weight because of your genes. Then they spend five, then ten, then twenty ... and realize that after this period of time your life has not changed that much. Emerge regrets and dissatisfactions their way. Looking then to convince yourself that you only need to live the years that you remain in the most peaceful and normal as possible until you find under the ground, where they finally reach the total safety and complete stability. You can say that you have really lived? I'm afraid not.
There is perhaps a little voice inside you that tells you that you're not living life fully that you want? That deep down you also have the ability and the right to fully express yourself as an individual? So why not try to listen and try to understand what they really can do to achieve your dreams and lead your life the best of your ability?
Like everyone else, you can do it, you too can live consciously and fully grow as an individual who pursues its objectives and fulfilling its responsibilities, rather than react passively to the events of their lives. Everything is in your hands, in your willingness to stand tall to create your own destiny and face the fears that we are holding today.
How can you do? How can you face your fears? Well, first try to identify your fears, to give a name to what stops you, try not to deny your fears, on the contrary try to recognize them, without any judgment, simply tries to acquire knowledge. Identifies what's stopping you from living freely, without laces and brakes. These may be the fear of rejection or abandonment, fear of failure, fear of not being understood or any other fear that today does not allow you to express yourself as an individual fully free and responsible. Give a name to your fears.
When you can identify the fears and fears that today paralyze you, the next step is to deal with them, decide to exceed the threshold of the comfort zone and take action in spite of fear. Choose to take their own destiny into your hands.
The key point to keep in mind in this regard is that to overcome your fears you have no need to take immediate drastic action. Courage is basically mental skill that can be learned and cultivated and that, as such, requires determination and perseverance to be assimilated and become part of our personal baggage. If you want to develop your muscles, not sure you go to the gym trying to lift 100 kg on the bench at once: in the same way to overcome the fear of public speaking, for example, it is not necessary to stand up and speak in front of a audience of 1,000 people at the first opportunity.
The real secret to overcoming fear and gain courage is to do it with determination and perseverance, but at the same time gradually, without launching into desperate leaps in the dark. Using the example of the fear of public speaking, you can start to force yourself to speak in front of a group of 7-8 people, possibly friends and acquaintances, and then move gradually to a wider audience. Once you will be able to speak in front of 20 people, it will be easier to take the floor in front of a group of 30 or 40 people, and so on until reaching a much higher number of people. Gradually, training your courage in small steps, but with commitment and perseverance. You will soon realize how each small success will help to infuse confidence to deal with even greater enthusiasm the next step.
The exact process by which you build your courage is not so important: what really matters is that you do it with awareness. As well as your muscles atrophy if not persevere in training, so your courage dissolves unless you commit to constantly challenge yourself and face your fears. If you do not train with constancy your courage, automatically enhances your fears: there is no middle way.
Try to remember always to yourself that fear is your enemy. It 'a compass that can direct you to areas where you most need to grow. When you meet a new fear within you, try to celebrate it as a new, magnificent growth opportunities.
Where will your courage? The answer is that you will lead a very intense and full of meaning. You will begin to live fully as responsible individual and authentic. You will be able to discover and develop your talents, chase your dreams and achieve your goals. You will be able to live with awareness, rather than reacting to events you will have the opportunity to guide them and live them intensely.
What you do in your life does not depend on your parents, your boss or your partner. It depends on you and you only, is only in your hands. Do not miss the opportunity to embrace the exciting adventure of life. Will experience failures and disappointments, it will be inevitable. But these will be the milestones along the path of a life lived with courage and you hatch an infinite joy, fulfillment and happiness. Then go and face your fears, build the courage to chase your dreams and celebrate your existence by living at the height of your chances.
Courage is not the absence of fear, but the knowledge that in your life there is something more important than fear TRUE LIFE ITSELF.
detrás de la montaña después de un largo día.
que se hace de noche ..
¿Qué se puede decir de una sociedad donde muchas personas están convencidas de que Dios ha muerto y Elvis está vivo?
Los sabios hablan porque tienen algo que decir. Los necios porque tienen que decir algo.
Sucede muy a menudo, en nuestras lecturas, compartir citas, frases y refranes divertidos que contienen un poco nuestra forma de pensar y de vivir las cadenas perpetuas que todos nosotros le hubiera gustado escribir. Este pequeño esfuerzo se encuentra con un viejo deseo: para recoger una parte de unas pocas líneas, que se han sintetizado las grandes verdades y puntos de vista, a veces compartida, a veces no, pero que sin duda conduce a reflexiones y juicios. Todo esto nos da el espíritu crítico que creemos que no tenemos, pero que está ahí y que espera ser estimulado lo que confirma que las circunstancias de la vida, básicamente, repiten siempre, garantizar estas "píldoras" de la sabiduría no tienen contraindicación.
Mirando a su alrededor, es fácil ver que en nuestro tiempo el concepto de valor tiene, en términos generales, de demasiada consideración.
El valor es una cualidad que accomuniamo menudo el concepto de heroísmo, en referencia a los gestos excepcionales que ponen en peligro su vida por un bien mayor o durante la vida de otra persona.
Pero rara vez se atreven es exaltado como virtud que se cultiva y se pone en práctica todos los días. Lo que más parece hoy tiene, por el contrario, es el concepto de seguridad. A menudo se nos aconsejaron no tomar riesgos, no hacer maniobras arriesgadas. Permanecer en una posición de comodidad, no exponernos, no hablar con extraños, ser cuidadoso y vigilante, sospechoso de los demás. Manténgase seguro y no tomar riesgos innecesarios.
Hay, sin embargo, un efecto no despreciable sobre todo: reconocer la estabilidad y seguridad de la persona demasiada importancia en su vida puede, de hecho, hacer que usted para llevar una vida de mera reacción, orientada a mantener en lugar de desarrollo activo. En lugar de la planificación de sus objetivos y llevar a cabo de la manera de configurar, asumiendo un papel de responsabilidad absoluta en sus elecciones y sus acciones, se termina el contrario a jugar a la defensiva, mantenerse a salvo y tratando de defenderse de la shell que creado.
Luego seguir para permanecer en su trabajo, incluso si no está satisfecho, simplemente porque es un lugar seguro, sin siquiera adoperarti activamente buscar otro que realmente estímulos y te hace sentir vivo. Sigue a permanecer en una relación en la que el amor y la pasión se han ido durante algún tiempo, sin tener que preocuparse acerca de cómo revitalizarla, sólo porque la relación se prolonga durante años y no hay necesidad de cuestionarla. Prefiero seguir el flujo de los acontecimientos, en lugar de tratar de contratar sus responsabilidades y determinar su curso. ¿Prefiere quedarse seguras, no las exportaciones, la adopción de una actitud pasiva y la esperanza de que los vientos de la vida que llevan en una dirección favorable. Usted puede hacer mejor? Creo que sí.
Cara a cara con el miedo. Superar sus miedos aprendiendo a amar.
El paso clave para asumir la responsabilidad de nuestra existencia es para comprar el valor, para vivir sin temor. No hablo de la valentía para rescatar o bucear desde un acantilado sobre el mar. Hablo de valor para enfrentar todos esos miedos que le impiden expresarse plenamente de afirmar su personalidad y absolutamente, sin máscaras y temores. Hablo de la capacidad de lidiar con el miedo al fracaso. El miedo al rechazo. El temor a ser humillado. El miedo a estar solo. El temor de no tener éxito.
Todos tenemos esos temores, sin excepción. Lo que nos diferencia, sin embargo, es la voluntad de reconocerlos, aceptarlos y tratar con ellos. La mayoría de la gente ignora estos temores, se niega, él no los acepta, simplemente niega, encontrar excusas. Si usted no habla en público es porque no tienes nada que decir, es obvio. A menos que usted da vuelta a un extraño sólo porque seas grosero, por supuesto. Pero pensar cuidadosamente, ¿cómo vivir tu vida si no tuviera miedo? ¿No te salgas de tu zona de confort? No esprimeresti más fáciles sus ideas en lugar de ajustarse a las de los demás? ¿No sería más fácil de abrir totalmente a la siguiente? Piense en cómo le gustaría vivir su vida más plenamente si sus temores no frenassero, pensar en cómo hacer crecer y desarrollarse como un individuo. Para ello todo lo que necesita es coraje.
Pero, ¿qué es exactamente el valor? Lo que significa vivir sin miedo? El coraje no es simplemente la ausencia de miedo, sino al contrario, es la capacidad de actuar a pesar del miedo intentarlo. Las personas valientes sin duda sienten miedo, pero no permiten que el miedo paralice. Las personas valientes reconocer, aceptar y enfrentar sus miedos, aunque éstos están aterrorizando. Y ayuda a obtener mayor valor, como en un círculo virtuoso: más frente a sus miedos, más gana valor. Por el contrario, aquellos que carecen de valor, tienen una tendencia a sentirse aliviado y liberado de un peso como cuando se las arreglan para evitar sus temores si fueran capaces de escapar de un miedo, de hecho, el alivio resultante actúa como un premio en su empresa, lo que refuerza aún más su timidez y falta de coraje. Usted entra en un círculo vicioso. Estas actitudes en la evitación del miedo, junto con los efectos a largo plazo permanentes. Crecen y se empieza a dar sus temores por sentado, sus miedos, finalmente, te pertenecen y se convierten en parte de su personalidad. Así que intenta racionalizar su comportamiento y justificar sus temores. Usted tiene una familia que mantener y no puede correr riesgos, eres demasiado en los últimos años para poder buscar un nuevo puesto de trabajo, no se puede dejar de fumar porque ahora usted ha tomado el hábito, no se puede bajar de peso a causa de sus genes. Luego pasan cinco, luego diez, luego veinte años ... y se dan cuenta de que después de este período de tiempo que su vida no ha cambiado tanto. Emerge remordimientos e insatisfacciones su camino. Mirando luego de convencerse de que sólo es necesario para vivir los años que permanecen en la más pacífica y normal como sea posible hasta que encuentre debajo de la tierra, donde finalmente llegar a la total seguridad y la estabilidad completa. Se puede decir que realmente has vivido? Me temo que no.
Hay quizá una pequeña voz dentro de ti que te dice que no estás viviendo la vida plenamente que desea? Que en el fondo también tienen la capacidad y el derecho a expresar plenamente a sí mismo como un individuo? Así que ¿por qué no tratar de escuchar y tratar de entender lo que realmente puede hacer para alcanzar sus sueños y llevar a tu vida lo mejor de su capacidad?
Como todo el mundo, usted puede hacerlo, tú también puedes vivir conscientemente y crecer plenamente como un individuo que persigue sus objetivos y el cumplimiento de sus responsabilidades, en lugar de reaccionar pasivamente a los acontecimientos de su vida. Todo está en sus manos, en su voluntad de pie alto para crear su propio destino y hacer frente a los temores de que estamos celebrando hoy.
¿Cómo se puede hacer? ¿Cómo se puede hacer frente a sus miedos? Bueno, en primer lugar tratar de identificar sus miedos, para dar un nombre a lo que usted se detiene, trate de no negar sus temores, por el contrario, tratar de reconocerlos, sin ningún juicio, simplemente trata de adquirir conocimientos. Identifica lo que te impide vivir libremente, sin cordones y frenos. Estos pueden ser el miedo al rechazo o abandono, miedo al fracaso, miedo a no ser comprendido o cualquier otro temor que hoy no permite que usted se exprese como un individuo totalmente libre y responsable. Dar un nombre a sus miedos.
Desde el reconocimiento a la acción.
Cuando se puede identificar a los miedos y temores que hoy se paralizan, el siguiente paso es tratar con ellos, deciden superar el umbral de la zona de confort y actuar a pesar del miedo. Optar por tomar su propio destino en sus manos.
El punto clave a tener en cuenta a este respecto es que para superar sus miedos que no tienen necesidad de tomar medidas drásticas inmediatas. El valor es, básicamente, la habilidad mental que se puede aprender y cultivarse y que, como tal, requiere determinación y perseverancia para ser asimilado y convertido en parte de nuestro bagaje personal. Si quieres desarrollar tus músculos, no está seguro de ir al gimnasio tratando de levantar 100 kg en el banco al mismo tiempo: de la misma manera para superar el miedo a hablar en público, por ejemplo, no es necesario para levantarse y hablar frente a un audiencia de 1.000 personas en la primera oportunidad.
El verdadero secreto para superar el miedo y el aumento de valor es hacerlo con determinación y perseverancia, pero al mismo tiempo, poco a poco, sin lanzarse a saltos desesperados en la oscuridad. Utilizando el ejemplo del miedo a hablar en público, usted puede comenzar a hacer un esfuerzo para hablar frente a un grupo de 7-8 personas, posiblemente, amigos y conocidos, y luego pasar gradualmente a una audiencia más amplia. Una vez que usted será capaz de hablar delante de 20 personas, será más fácil tomar la palabra frente a un grupo de 30 o 40 personas, y así sucesivamente hasta llegar a un número mucho mayor de personas. Poco a poco, el entrenamiento de su valor en pequeños pasos, pero con el compromiso y la perseverancia. Pronto se dará cuenta de cómo cada pequeño éxito ayudará a infundir confianza para hacer frente con mayor entusiasmo el siguiente paso.
El proceso exacto por el cual usted construye su valentía no es tan importante: lo que realmente importa es que lo haces con la conciencia. Así como los músculos se atrofian si no perseverar en la formación, por lo que su valor se disuelve menos que usted se compromete a desafiar constantemente a sí mismo y frente a sus miedos. Si no entrenas con la constancia de su valor, aumenta automáticamente sus temores: no hay término medio.
Trate de recordar siempre a sí mismo que el miedo es tu enemigo. Es una brújula que le puede dirigir a las zonas en que más necesita para crecer. Cuando te encuentras con un nuevo temor dentro de ti, trata de celebrarlo como una nueva, magníficas oportunidades de crecimiento.
¿Dónde será su valor? La respuesta es que usted llevar una muy intensa y llena de significado. Usted va a comenzar a vivir plenamente como persona responsable y auténtico. Usted será capaz de descubrir y desarrollar sus talentos, perseguir sus sueños y alcanzar sus metas. Usted será capaz de vivir con la conciencia, en lugar de reaccionar a los eventos que tendrá la oportunidad de guiarlos y vivir intensamente.
Lo que haces en tu vida no depende de tus padres, a tu jefe o tu pareja. Depende de ti y solo, es sólo en sus manos. No te pierdas la oportunidad de abrazar la apasionante aventura de la vida. Experimentarán fracasos y decepciones, será inevitable. Pero estos serán los hitos en el camino de una vida vivida con valentía y que eclosionan una infinita alegría, satisfacción y felicidad. Luego ir a enfrentar sus miedos, construir el coraje de perseguir sus sueños y celebrar su existencia, viviendo a la altura de sus posibilidades.
El valor no es la ausencia de miedo, sino el conocimiento de que en su vida hay algo más importante que el miedo VERDADERA VIDA MISMA.
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How to choose the right cat iridology chart for your cat iridology chart.
Iridologists claim that by studying the patterns of a person’s iris, they can provide helpful and accurate health and wellness information. Iridology is a holistic endeavor in that it addresses the person’s whole being in the reading. The range of information gleaned encompasses physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual aspects of the person’s health picture. In addition to assessing the person’s general level of health, readings can reveal other data, including energy quotients; internal areas of irritation, degeneration, injury, or inflammation; nutritional,and chemical imbalances; accumulation of toxins; life transitions; and subconscious tensions. Iridologists maintain that the eyes reveal information about the person’s physical and emotional constitution, such as inherited weaknesses and risks to which the person may be prone. Strengths may also be revealed, including inherited emotional tendencies from which the person derives particular talents. Cleansing and healing can be verified by changes in the iris. By looking for certain signs such as healing lines, iridologists obtain information about previous health problems and injuries and discover what may have gone wrong in the person’s past.
An iridology reading reflects the causes of problems, not symptoms. It may, iridologists claim, reveal that organs or systems are overstressed or predisposed to disease before clinical symptoms even develop. By predicting future problems, iridology can be used as a preventive tool. People can use the information from iridology readings to improve their health and make better behavioral choices in the future, thereby heading off problems before they occur.
In North America, iridology is generally considered to be an assessment tool to be used in cooperation with other health specialties. Iridology is not a diagnostic tool (although it is more likely to be considered so by European iridologists) and should not be used to diagnose or name specific diseases. Not only would diagnosis represent an improper application of iridology according to many iridologists, as noted by the International Iridology Research Association (IIRA), it could also be construed in many countries as practicing medicine without a license.
Iridology is the Study of the Patterns and Markings in the Iris of the Eye. For over a hundred years, various Iridologists have studied these patterns and markings, correlating them with specific health problems, physical strengths and weaknesses and personality traits. Through these empirical observations, Iridologists have noted certain constitutional patterns. That is to say, people with similar eye patterns tend to have similar personality traits and health profiles. These observations are the basis for Constitutional Iridology Analysis.
Some people believe that the eye is a mirror of what is going on in the body right now and hence, have endeavored to use Iridology as a diagnostic tool to determine specific disease conditions. Constitutional Iridology is based on the premise that the patterns and markings in our eye are primarily genetically inherited. Hence, in Constitutional Iridology, no attempt is made to diagnose any specific disease conditions. Constitutional Iridology is used to help us understand our basic temperament so we can know how to balance our nutrition and lifestyle to obtain greater physical, mental and emotional fitness.
An Iridology analysis is for everyone, but not everyone is ready for it. It is a truth that health is not given but earned. There is no doctor in the world that can give health. When health is lost, or when one wishes to build a finer mind and body, there must first be education and knowledge and then comes an application of knowledge, which is doing. The greatest single thing the analysis can do is point out one’s inherent weaknesses. We die from our weaknesses. Our weaknesses bring us down, lower our resistance to all diseases and leave us vulnerable to other problems.
1. Their examination is non-invasive. The only thing patients have to tolerate is light being shone in the eyes.
2. Iridologists aim to keep the patient well. They try to discover imbalances or weaknesses in the body before they develop into serious medical problems. Of course prevention of health problems is a central concept of all schools of medicine. Iridologists’ advice on how to keep the patient well is frequently good. For example, they may recommend a good diet, drinking plenty of water, and moderate exercise.
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John Anthony Nicholas Gargano is Johnny Gargano born and real name. Johnny Gargano was born on August 14, 1987 in Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. His age as in 2018 is 31 years old. He still look young in his age. John Anthony Nicholas Gargano is an American professional wrestler signed to WWE where he work on its developmental territory NXT under the ring name Johnny Gargano. In 2005 he started his professional wrestling career working for the Cleveland All–Pro Wrestling (CAPW) promotionHe has also worked for American independent circuit, including Chikara, Dragon Gate USA (DGUSA), Evolve and Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG). In his Professional wrestling career he is known by his Ring names as Cedrick Von Haussen, Joey Gray, Johnny Gargano. He also made his appearances for national promotions Ring of Honor (ROH), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and WWE on the NXT brand. He is Trained by Josh Prohibition, J.T. Lightning. Gargano got engaged to Candice LeRae in January 2016. His wife/ spouse name is Candice LeRae. He got married with his wife Candice LeRae on September 16, 2016. He made his Debut on 2005. Gargano gave credit to Shawn Michaels, Chris Jericho and Johnny Saint as his role models. In WWE he is known as one time NXT Tag Team Championship with Tommaso Ciampa, In 2016 NXT Year-End Award for Match of the Year.
What is Johnny Gargano (WWE) Profession?
John Anthony Nicholas Gargano is an American professional wrestler signed to WWE where he work on its developmental territory NXT under the ring name Johnny Gargano.
In 2005 he started his professional wrestling career working for the Cleveland All–Pro Wrestling (CAPW) promotion.
He has also worked for American independent circuit, including Chikara, Dragon Gate USA (DGUSA), Evolve and Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG).
In his Professional wrestling career he is known by his Ring names as Cedrick Von Haussen, Joey Gray, Johnny Gargano.
He also made his appearances for national promotions Ring of Honor (ROH), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and WWE on the NXT brand.
Gargano gave credit to Shawn Michaels, Chris Jericho and Johnny Saint as his role models. In WWE he is known as one time NXT Tag Team Championship with Tommaso Ciampa, In 2016 NXT Year-End Award for Match of the Year.
What is Johnny Gargano (WWE) Educational Qualification?
Johnny Gargano (WWE) Birth Place?
His birth place is Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
His Hometown is Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
Johnny Gargano (WWE) Religion /Caste?
Johnny Gargano (WWE) Girlfriend/Wife /dating /Affairs?
Johnny Gargano (WWE) Height in feet?
What is Johnny Gargano (WWE) weight?
Is Johnny Gargano (WWE) Married?
Johnny Gargano (WWE) Family Details/ parents/ family background?
He made his Debut on 2005.
Gargano got engaged to Candice LeRae in January 2016. His wife/ spouse name is Candice LeRae. He got married with his wife Candice LeRae on September 16, 2016.
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You are a private detective and you have an interesting job. You will have to reveal a complex case. Look for clues, collect the necessary items and use them to their destination.
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Recurrent neural networks are prime candidates for learning relationships and evolutions in multi-dimensional time series data. The performance of such a network is judged by the loss function, which is aggregated into a single scalar value that decreases during successful training. Observing only this number hides the variation that occurs within the typically large training and testing data sets. Understanding these variations is of highest importance to adjust hyperparameters of the network, such as the number of neurons, number of layers or even to adjust the training set to include more representative examples. In this paper, we design a comprehensive and interactive system that allows to study the output of recurrent neural networks on both the complete training data as well as the testing data. We follow a coarse-to-fine strategy, providing overviews of annual, monthly and daily patterns in the time series and directly support a comparison of different hyperparameter settings. We applied our method to a recurrent convolutional neural network that was trained and tested on 25 years of climate data to forecast meteorological attributes, such as temperature, pressure and wind speed. The presented visualization system helped us to quickly assess, adjust and improve the network design.
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Article source: http://healthfood.blogspot.com/. Used with author's permission.
Depression and anxiety are the symptoms you develop when you don't deal with your emotions in healthy, appropriate ways. When you learn simple skills for being who you really are and expressing your true emotions, you can actually choose to be authentically lighthearted. You probably didn't learn as a child how to express your natural feelings, because your parents didn't know the importance of emotions. Psychology is still a new science and it's only in the past two decades that people have begun to realize the value of expressing feelings.
It's sad that we are not taught the importance of emotional health as children. We learn calculus and ancient history in high school and college, but we're not given the proper education or role modeling to be emotionally healthy individuals. Far too often we don't learn, until it's much too late, what it takes to have healthy relationships or emotionally healthy families!
You can overcome depression and anxiety, and actually choose to be lighthearted by the way you live your life on a daily basis. Learning to express your true feelings, heal your relationships, and face your difficult issues head on helps you to transcend the effects of the way you were raised and become the person you were meant to be.
You don't have to be a rocket scientist to learn the basic skills necessary to make your life meaningful and successful. You simply need a clear understanding of the necessary skills and consistent practice of those skills over time. The truth is that with consistent practice, anyone can learn to be authentic and lighthearted. Often it is simply the lack of knowledge and practical experience that keeps a person stuck in unfulfilling, emotional ruts.
As a psychotherapist, I work with depression and anxiety daily. Much of my time is spent helping people learn to express and release their difficult emotions so that they can get in touch with their true selves and make healthy changes in their lives. Often people don't know who they are or what they need to do in their lives, because their emotions are so balled up inside that they literally can't see the forest for the trees. When they do the emotional healing that is necessary and their emotions are cleared, the changes they need to make in their lives become obvious. They don't need other people's advice, because the truth wells up from deep inside them.
Personal relationships are often people's biggest struggle, because they have an inner vision of the love and harmony that they know is possible, while their every day interactions leave much to be desired. It's such a joy to me to help people find the simple truth that makes such a dynamic difference in their lives!
To me it's very sad that with all of the advances we have made in the field of psychology in the past three decades, that most people still don't have the knowledge and information they need to lead healthy, functioning lives. We, as a culture, have far too much useless information with far too little emphasis on what really matters and what really brings about the joy and meaning and lightheartedness that we are all seeking.
The good news is that depression and anxiety don't have to be a life sentence! You can choose lightheartedness if you are willing to do what it takes to change your habits and your lifestyle. You can achieve joy, fulfillment and true lightheartedness by learning to be authentic and sharing your heart and soul with the people you love!
Copyright © 2005 Kari Joys. All rights reserved.
Author Kari Joys, MS ("Choosing Light-Heartedness, A 33-Day Journey to Overcome Anxiety, Depression and Dysfunctional Family Issues") teaches you how to get in touch with your true self and learn to live lightheartedly. More info at Kari's lovely website http://www.kari-joys.com. Get help today with your depression and anxiety symptoms!
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(NaturalNews) Water is essential to all life on Earth. When it comes to humans, our bodies require water for virtually every biological process needed to stay alive.
Playing a crucial part in the body's overall digestive system, water helps to flush out your kidneys and liver, and to rid your body of any previously ingested toxins.
If water is such an essential tool in the removal of harmful substances, why would we ever want to contaminate it?
Unknown to many, most tap water has been found to contain traces of a myriad of potentially harmful toxins, including antibiotics and heavy metals. According to the Global Healing Center, "There are more than 80 'regulated' contaminants and more unregulated toxins, like the rocket fuel component perchlorate which are present in most tap water."
While some toxins are more harmful than others, arsenic, fluoride and chlorine present the greatest risk of harm for humans.
An extremely toxic heavy metal, arsenic in tap water poses grave potential health concerns. Classified as a Category I carcinogen, arsenic is almost certainly a cancer causing agent. While the EPA has set standards for arsenic levels in tap water at 10 parts per billion, several U.S. states have been known to exceed those standards from time to time.
Additionally, fluoride's presence in most, if not all tap water, presents further negative potential health effects. One of the most toxic substances known to man, fluoride is deliberately added to tap water in the United States to help prevent tooth decay.
While no significant scientific data exists to support this claim, fluoride is still widely accepted as one of the most effective ways to inhibit the growth of cavities. Proven to be more toxic than lead, some countries around the world have caught on and banned the fluoridation process of tap water.
Chlorine, another toxic chemical added to most tap water, poses additional potentially severe adverse health concerns. Injected into tap water to kill bacteria, chlorine triggers the creation of free radicals in the body by bonding with other compounds to form Trihalomethanes (THMs), causing serious cell damage.
According to Global Healing Center, a research study conducted on the potentially harmful effects of ingesting chlorine found that rats drinking out of chlorinated water supplies developed tumors in their livers, kidneys and intestines.
Despite incontrovertible evidence detailing the negative health risks associated with consuming harmful toxins like arsenic, fluoride and chlorine, the government continues to allow their presence in most tap water.
If you'd like to make sure that the water you're drinking is as toxin-free as possible, check out Natural News's blog entry discussing the benefits associated with alkalizing your water naturally, using lemons, cucumbers, ginger root and mint.
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There's something rotten in the state of forgotten dreams. Or does it explode What literary device or devices does Langston Hughes use in the poem? Lost dreams can rot and leave behind their stink in human memory or sometimes they might be remembered with a sweet pain. If it dries up like a raisin in the sun, the suggestion is that it has been deferred by the passage of time and has lost its life, or the inspiration that sustains it. A postponed dream is like a painful injury that begins to be infected. If you don't think you are dreaming, chances are that you just don't remember having them.
They become small and withered. Her play was made into a 1961which featured Sidney Poitier above , as Walter Lee, the angry and ambitious son of a mother trying to give her family a safe and secure home. But unlike any other line in the poem, it is italicized, which makes us pay extra careful attention to it. In part 2, the poet shows a kind of hopelessness. Rather, he gives his own suggestion that, like a heavy load.
Dreams are sweet if they are realized and otherwise they can become a burden on the heart. . Even as highly esteemed a poet as he was in Harlem, it did not make up for the fact that much of the rest of his society would not acknowledge his work simply because of the color of his skin. Teachers were required to attend inservices. This play quickly became one of the most beloved works in American theater as it captures the deferred dreams of a black family living in Chicago during the 1950s.
The following words rhyme: sun-run, meat-sweet, load-explode. Hughes saw the dreams of many residents of Harlem, New York crumble in the wake of. On the contrary, when a dream is fulfilled, it brings life and vitality. Langston Hughes writes this poem in response to what he felt, having his own literary genius be kept segregated from that of his white counterparts. It sounds like Hughes is trying to explain how a person trapped in this world may be able to put away his dreams and deal with that fact with simile. His racial heritage was a mix of Indian, African, and French.
How does the author feel about the speaker, about other characters, about the subject, and the reader? I predict that this poem will be about fighting for ones dreams and not letting them float away. Like a raisin, a dream deferred shrivels up and turns dark because the sun has baked it. It expresses their anguish over how they could not become a part of the great American Dream. There were not many opportunities for people of color to advance themselves in many jobs or mediums. His views on life changed dramatically throughout his lifetime and this can be seen in all of his famous poetry.
Religious institutions have been notoriously slow in responding to that occupation, preferring instead to concentrate narrowly on their own institutional house keeping and growth. To provide a better website experience, owlcation. What connotations figurative meanings do the words possess? I feel that I was on target because the poem was about lost dreams and how they are worth fighting for, and the title implies that dreams have the potential of becoming reality if people would only fight for them. This is exactly what happened today at school. It is because of constant inner turmoil. Hughes uses rhetorical questions with similes to show his opinion of unfulfilled dreams. The dreams we all experience whilst sleeping? It is an important word to remember and keep at the back of your mind.
Sadly, Harlem currently is becoming more gentrified as the years pass. And yes, the impact of divestment on major businesses is less against the bottom line of the affected companies, and far, far more against the public image of the company and, in this instance, the state of Israel. Line 10 like a heavy load. How do they contribute to effect and meaning? In the second, it clearly cries out for attention as an unattended sore that surely pains the owner. However, all people of normal health do have dreams whilst asleep. Rather, he or she suggests that African Americans cannot dream or aspire to great things because of the environment of oppression that surrounds them.
Federal laws granted American black the right to vote, the right of property etc. The line is italicised and shifts the tone. The poem develops a series of images of decay and waste, representing the dream or the dreamer's predicament. Sometimes it's easy to rely on wishy-washy words when talking about our dreams, but instead of going all sappy on us, Langston Hughes puts ground underneath the idea of dreams, and compares them to very concrete things in our everyday lives. Walter, Lena's oldest son, set his dream on the liquor store that he planned to invest with the money of his mother.
Happens to a Dream Deferred? He was addressing the increasing frustration and anger felt by African Americans whose dream of equality was continually being deferred. He asks, Or does it explode? Dreams can help to assist people in getting further in life because it becomes a personal accomplishment. Wall What happens to a dream deferred? However, Hughes most likely agrees that deferred dreams are bad. The figurative meaning can be interpreted several different ways to each person. How does the title help to preview the figurative meaning s of the poem? Many dreams reflect the sleeper's emotions, and serve the function of reducing stress.
What happens when the goal of a dream is postponed? After line 7 the poem shifts from bad things that happen when people put off their dreams, and then it switches back to the bad things that happen when dreams are forgotten. Everyone dreams during their sleep and there is no one state which we can call sleep. I believe the central theme of the play has everything to do with the pain each character goes thru after losing control of the plans they had in mind. This poem, which can be read in , simply, yet profoundly reveals his feelings. Young people have dreams about what they want to be when they grow up.
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What happens if an NFL team receives the kickoff to start overtime, then uses the entire 15-minute overtime period before kicking a field goal as time expires? Does the game go into a second overtime so that the other team has a chance to score, or is the game over?
It depends when the game takes place. In the preseason or regular season, the game would end with the team kicking the field goal winning; in the playoffs, the game would go into a second overtime with the other team getting an opportunity to possess the ball.
Both teams must have the opportunity to possess the ball once during the extra period, unless the team that receives the opening kickoff scores a touchdown on its initial possession, in which case it is the winner, or if the team kicking off to start the overtime period scores a safety on the receiving team’s initial possession, in which case the team that kicked off is the winner.
The following shall apply to overtime games in the preseason and regular season … There shall be a maximum of one 15 10-minute period, even if the second team has not has an opportunity to possess the ball or its initial possession not ended. If the score is tied at the end of the period, the game shall result in a tie.
The following shall apply to overtime games in postseason … If the score is tied at the end of a 15-minute overtime period, or if the second team’s initial possession has not ended, another overtime period will begin, and play will continue, regardless of how many 15-minute periods are necessary.
To the best of my knowledge, there has never been a 15-minute drive in NFL history.
The longest drive in NCAA history lasted 14 minutes and 26 seconds: Navy (of course) vs. New Mexico in the 2004 Emerald Bowl.
Beginning in the 2017 season, regular-season and preseason overtime will be one 10-minute period.
Did you not read anything? If the game is regular season then the game ends, if it is postseason then the second team gets a possession.
I could swear I remember the Chargers playing the Dolphins in the 80's having a drive that was easily 13 plus minutes long, I do not see that here. Is my memory incorrect?
The longest drive in any of the six Chargers-Dolphins games (including playoffs) in the 80's lasted 10 minutes, 6 seconds.
4) the Chargers won the toss in overtime and drove for the winning touchdown.
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Why do parents say "Don't walk around barefoot or you'll catch a cold"?
The nasal mucosa is a natural barrier that prevents viruses from penetrating the body.
Walking barefoot or without enough clothes on causes the nose temperature to drop a few degrees. With this change in temperature many people suffer nose irritation symptoms such as sneezing and a runny nose. These changes in the nasal mucosa and runny nose can make it easier for any viruses present in the nose to penetrate the body.
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What role can social protection play in realizing the right to food?
Health care, unemployment insurance, food aid, disability benefits: all of these services aim to ensure the right to an adequate standard of living for everyone. They are part of what is commonly known as social protection, social insurance or social security.
Social protection contributes not only to securing adequate food for all, but aims also to make poor people less vulnerable and marginalized, and to provide the stability and resources needed to develop capabilities and to make choices about their lives and futures. In developing countries the measures aimed at fulfilling these goals often include cash transfers or direct in-kind benefits such as food.
In October 2012 the Special Rapporteur co-authored a briefing note with Magdalena Sepúlveda, the UN Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights, on how to finance and facilitate social protection for all, and has subsequently contributed to many international fora on the issue.
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What is the difference between expense and an investment?
Dictionary.com defines Expense, or Expensive, as: The cost or the charge of something. Pretty basic, we all understand what expenses are and how we occur expenses, especially as we are procuring our hunting gear for each season.
Investment is defined as: The investing of money or capital in order to gain profitable returns, as interest, income, or appreciation in value. In other words, spending money because the value of a particular item will be worth having in the future. How often do we justify the purchasing of hunting gear as an investment? I do, all the time and I am sure you do it to. It is and “investment” is the classic explanation to a spouse on exactly why you spent $500 on a new backpack.
My father taught me, guns are an investment. They hold their value if taken care of and can be used for lengthy periods of time, even passed down through the family. When it comes to guns, it is no secret, you get what you pay for.
I once spent $250 on a used pump shotgun. Guess what, it is a $250 dollar gun.
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The name The Hobbit refers to more than one character, item or concept. For a list of other meanings, see The Hobbit (disambiguation).
The name There and Back Again refers to more than one character, item or concept. For a list of other meanings, see There and Back Again (disambiguation).
The Hobbit, or There and Back Again, better known as The Hobbit, is the first of J.R.R. Tolkien published books set within Arda. It was first published on 21 September 1937 by George Allen & Unwin in the United Kingdom, and was subsequently followed by the publication of Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings in 1954 and 1955.
Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit, is smoking in his porchway one day when Gandalf the Wizard visits him. After a lengthy discussion, during which Bilbo uses the phrase "Good Morning" several times, in several different ways, Bilbo, finding himself flustered, invites Gandalf to tea, and goes back inside his hobbit hole with a final "Good Morning". Gandalf scratches a secret mark on Bilbo's front door, which translated means 'Burglar wants a good job, plenty of excitement and reasonable reward'. Thirteen Dwarves (Thorin, Óin, Glóin, Dwalin, Balin, Bifur, Kíli, Fíli, Bofur, Dori, Bombur, Nori, and Ori) show up and begin excitedly discussing their planned treasure hunt while the hapless Bilbo provides the obligatory hospitality. After the dwarves clean up their mess, a map is produced and Gandalf arranges for Bilbo to get the burglary job—as well as to break the unlucky number 13. The company's quest: kill Smaug, the dragon who seized the Lonely Mountain (Erebor) from the Dwarves' forefathers, and, using a secret door into the mountain, recapture it, dividing the riches within its halls.
The next morning, after oversleeping and nearly missing the start of the journey, Bilbo goes off with the Dwarves. They are nearly eaten by three Trolls, but Gandalf tricks the trolls into staying up all night whereupon they are turned into stone by the first light of dawn. (The stone trolls appear later in The Lord of the Rings.) In the troll's cave they find some swords. Bilbo acquires Sting, which glows blue in the presence of Goblins (another name for Orcs).
The party travels to Rivendell where they enjoy the hospitality of the Elves, then proceed eastwards towards the Misty Mountains. There they are ambushed by goblins (Orcs), and carried under the mountain. They run away, and during the escape Bilbo loses the Dwarves. Alone in the dark after running away from the goblins, Bilbo finds a ring on the floor of a cave passage and puts it into his pocket.
Continuing down, he finds himself at the shore of an underground lake. Gollum quietly paddles up in his boat, and the two enact the Riddle-game, under the condition that if Bilbo wins, Gollum will show him the way out, but if he loses, Gollum will eat Bilbo. After several Riddles, which each manages to answer, Bilbo, whilst fiddling in his pocket unable to think of a riddle, asks himself aloud "What have I got in my pocket?" Gollum thinks this is supposed to be the next riddle, and as it doesn't comply with the rules of the riddle game, demands three guesses; in the end he fails to guess the answer. Bilbo demands his reward, but Gollum refuses and paddles off in his boat to an island in the lake, upon which he lives. After searching around for a while asking aloud "where is it? wheres my precious!?" to which Bilbo replies, "I don't know and I don't care, I just want to get out of here", Gollum becomes suspicious, gets in his boat, and starts paddling back across the lake towards Bilbo. Gollum is unable to find the one weapon he could use to betray and kill Bilbo, a magic ring that makes its wearer invisible; driven by rage, Gollum starts to realize the real answer to Bilbo's previous question "What have I got in my pocket?". Bilbo realises his life is in mortal danger and makes his escape down the maze of pitch black tunnels, and Gollum gives chase. Bilbo trips, and finds the ring on his finger. Realising he has no chance to escape his pursuer, he stays where he is and prepares to meet his fate, but Gollum runs right over him. Bilbo realises the ring makes him invisible. He manages to escape past Gollum, who has gone to guard the only exit, and finds his way to the surface where he rejoins the Dwarves.
Descending from the Misty Mountains, they survive an encounter with Wargs (wild wolf creatures) by climbing trees. Eagles rescue them. Then they meet Beorn, a man who can transform into a bear. They depart, having rested for several days. Gandalf leaves soon on an errand. The party traverses the great forest Mirkwood, eventually running out of supplies. Gandalf had warned them not to leave the path, but they saw fire and heard singing, so, hopeless, they leave the path to beg food from Wood-elves, only to get lost. They are captured by giant spiders, but Bilbo rescues the Dwarves by becoming invisible and killing many spiders with Sting. Elves then capture the Dwarves and imprison them, but Bilbo manages to sneak into the Elvenking's palace unnoticed using the ring; he then helps the Dwarves escape in barrels floated down the river.
After staying for a short period of time at Lake-town, the treasure-seekers proceed to the Lonely Mountain. Finding themselves unable to locate the secret door, the company sit down disconsolate on a cliff. Hearing a thrush knocking on a stone, Bilbo looks up just in time to see the last rays of the Sun of Durin's Day, shining on the cliff wall, to magically reveal the secret door (as was foretold by moon-letters upon a map that the company was in possession of). Bilbo is sent down to encounter Smaug. The dragon, realising the Company received help from the people of Laketown, sets out to destroy it. However, the thrush that had been knocking on the stone, was no ordinary bird but of an ancient race with whom the men of the lake could communicate, and it had heard Bilbo's report to the dwarves, that Smaug had a bare patch on his belly that could be used to slaughter him, if only you could get close enough. It conveyed this message to one Bard the Bowman, who seeing the bare patch in the belly of Smaug, despatched the dragon with a single arrow, thus allowing the party of Dwarves to take possession of the treasure.
The citizens of Laketown arrive to make historical claims and demand compensation for the help they had rendered, as well as reparations for the damage Smaug inflicted during his attack. They're joined by the Elves, who also demand a share based on historical claims. The Dwarves refuse all negotiations and in turn summon kin from the north to strengthen their position. Seeing no other way to avert a war, Bilbo uses the ring to steal the prized Arkenstone from the Dwarves, which he tries to use to broker peace.
Just as Thorin is refusing a truce and battle is about to begin, the three armies at the Lonely Mountain (Elves, Men and Dwarves) must rally together as they are attacked by Goblins and Wargs from the Misty Mountains. A bitter battle ensues, named the Battle of Five Armies. Though suffering heavy losses, Elves, Men and Dwarves prevail. The treasure is apportioned. Bilbo refuses most of the riches, realising he has no way to bring them back home; he nevertheless takes enough with him to make himself a wealthy hobbit and live happily thereafter, unaware of the dangerous nature of his ring.
Tolkien recollects in a 1955 letter to W.H. Auden (Letters, no. 163) that, in the late 1920s, when he was Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Pembroke College, The Hobbit began when he was marking School Certificate papers, on the back of one of which he wrote the words "In a hole in the ground, there lived a hobbit". He did not go any further than that at the time, although in the following years he drew up Thrór's map, outlining the geography of the tale. The tale itself he wrote in the early 1930s, and it was eventually published because he lent it to the Reverend Mother of Cherwell Edge when she was sick with the flu; while the Reverend Mother was in possession of the manuscript, it was seen by the 10-year old son of Sir Stanley Unwin, Rayner Unwin, who wrote such an enthusiastic review of the book that it was published by Allen and Unwin.
Tolkien introduced or mentioned characters and places that figured prominently in his legendarium, specifically Elrond and Gondolin, along with elements from Germanic legend. But the decision that the events of The Hobbit could belong to the same universe as The Silmarillion was made only after successful publication, when the publisher asked for a sequel. Accordingly, The Hobbit serves both as an introduction to Middle-Earth and as a link between earlier and later events described in The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings, respectively.
Although a fairy tale, the novel is both complex and sophisticated: it contains many names and words derived from Norse mythology, and central plot elements from the Beowulf epic, it makes use of Anglo-Saxon Runes, information on calendars and moon phases, and detailed geographical descriptions that fit well with the accompanying maps. Near the end, the tale takes on epic proportions.
George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London published the first edition of The Hobbit on 21 September 1937. It was illustrated with many black-and-white drawings by Tolkien himself. The original printing numbered a mere 1,500 copies and sold out by 15 December that same year due to enthusiastic reviews. Houghton Mifflin of Boston and New York prepared an American edition to be released early in 1938 in which four of the illustrations would be colour plates. Allen & Unwin decided to incorporate the colour illustrations into their second printing, released at the end of 1937. Despite the book's popularity, wartime conditions forced the London publisher to print small runs of the remaining two printings of the first edition.
As remarked above, Tolkien substantially revised The Hobbit's text describing Bilbo's dealings with Gollum in order to blend the story better into what The Lord of the Rings had become. This revision became the second edition, published in 1951 in both UK and American editions. Slight corrections to the text have appeared in the third (1966) and fourth editions (1978).
New English-language editions of The Hobbit spring up often, despite the book's age, with at least fifty editions having been published to date. Each comes from a different publisher or bears distinctive cover art, internal art, or substantial changes in format. The text of each generally adheres to the Allen & Unwin edition extant at the time it is published.
The Hobbit has been adapted for other media. BBC Radio 4 broadcast The Hobbit radio drama, adapted by Michael Kilgarriff, in eight parts (4 hours) from September to November 1968, which starred Anthony Jackson as narrator, Paul Daneman as Bilbo and Heron Carvic as Gandalf.
Middle-earth has been featured in songs notably by Enya and the Brobdingnagian Bards. Led Zeppelin's songs "Misty Mountain Hop" and "Ramble On" both contain references to Tolkien's mystical world. For The Hobbit itself, "The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins", performed by Leonard Nimoy as part of his 1968 Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy album, is the most pertinent because it recounts the book's storyline in its two minutes. The ballad's music video became a minor Internet meme in the early 2000s when The Lord of the Rings movies were released.
In 1974, Argo Records released an audio adaption of the Hobbit, with Nicol Williamson providing the voices for all the characters in the book. It was an abridged adaption, as Williamson re-edited the original script, removing many instances of "he said" and so on, preferring instead to rely on his vocal characteristics to convey who was saying what to whom, feeling that this would keep the audience engrossed in the story rather than slowing the overall pace.
An animated version of the story debuted as a television movie in the United States in 1977.
A live action television dramatization was broadcast on USSR televsion in 1985.
David T. Wenzel's graphic format adaptation of The Hobbit was published in 1989.
Several computer and video games, both official and unofficial, have been based on the story. One of the first was The Hobbit, a computer game developed in 1982 by Beam Software and published by Melbourne House for most computers available at the time, from the more popular computers such as the ZX Spectrum, and the Commodore 64, through to such esoteric computers as the Dragon 32 and Oric computers. By arrangement with publishers, a copy of the novel was included with each game sold.
Vivendi Universal Games published The Hobbit: Prelude to The Lord of the Rings in 2003 for Windows PCs, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube. It is a hack and slash game produced as a prequel to The Lord of the Rings video games, but also as a softer version of those two games: less brutal, fewer enemies but with an important platform aspect, the game was designed for smaller children. A similar version of this game was also published for the Game Boy Advance.
Filming on The Hobbit (film series) began in 2011, under the direction of Peter Jackson.
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A geometrized unit system or geometric unit system is a system of natural units in which the base physical units are chosen so that the speed of light in vacuum, c, and the gravitational constant, G, are set equal to unity.
The geometrized unit system is not a completely defined or unique system: latitude is left to also set other constants to unity. We may, for example, also set Boltzmann's constant, kB, and the electric constant, <math> \epsilon_0</math>, to unity.
The reduced Planck constant, ħ, is not equal to 1 in this system, in contrast to Planck units.
This system is useful in physics, especially in the special and general theories of relativity. All physical quantities are identified with geometric quantities such as areas, lengths, dimensionless numbers, path curvatures, or sectional curvatures.
Many equations in relativistic physics appear far simpler when expressed in geometric units, because all appearances of G or c drop out. For example, the Schwarzschild radius of a nonrotating uncharged black hole with mass m becomes simply r = 2m. Therefore, many books and papers on relativistic physics use geometric units exclusively. An alternative system of geometrized units is often used in particle physics and cosmology, in which 8πG = 1 instead. This introduces an additional factor of 8π into Newton's law of universal gravitation but simplifies Einstein's equations, the Einstein–Hilbert action, the Friedmann equations and the Newtonian Poisson equation by removing the corresponding factor.
Practical measurements and computations are usually done in SI units, but conversions are generally quite straightforward.
Energy and momentum are interpreted as components of the four-momentum vector, and mass is the magnitude of this vector, so in geometric units these must all have the dimension of length. We can convert a mass expressed in kilograms to the equivalent mass expressed in metres by multiplying by the conversion factor G/c2. For example, the Sun's mass of 7030200009999900000♠2.0×1030Lua error: Unmatched close-bracket at pattern character 67. in SI units is equivalent to 7003150000000000000♠1.5Lua error: Unmatched close-bracket at pattern character 67.. This is half the Schwarzschild radius of a one solar mass black hole. All other conversion factors can be worked out by combining these two.
The small numerical size of the few conversion factors reflects the fact that relativistic effects are only noticeable when large masses or high speeds are considered.
All these units represents nothing else than length along dimension, thus revealing SI as redundant in comparison to geometrized units.
The components of curvature tensors such as the Einstein tensor have, in geometric units, the dimensions of sectional curvature. So do the components of the stress–energy tensor. Therefore the Einstein field equation is dimensionally consistent in these units.
Path curvature is the reciprocal of the magnitude of the curvature vector of a curve, so in geometric units it has the dimension of inverse length. Path curvature measures the rate at which a nongeodesic curve bends in spacetime, and if we interpret a timelike curve as the world line of some observer, then its path curvature can be interpreted as the magnitude of the acceleration experienced by that observer. Physical quantities which can be identified with path curvature include the components of the electromagnetic field tensor.
Any velocity can be interpreted as the slope of a curve; in geometric units, slopes are evidently dimensionless ratios. Physical quantities which can be identified with dimensionless ratios include the components of the electromagnetic potential four-vector and the electromagnetic current four-vector.
Physical quantities such as mass and electric charge which can be identified with the magnitude of a timelike vector have the geometric dimension of length. Physical quantities such as angular momentum which can be identified with the magnitude of a bivector have the geometric dimension of area.
Here is a table collecting some important physical quantities according to their dimensions in geometrized units. They are listed together with the appropriate conversion factor for SI units.
This table can be augmented to include temperature, as indicated above, as well as further derived physical quantities such as various moments.
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The mythic status of Babe Ruth's called shot makes it one of the most well known plays in sports history, and this may have been the bat Ruth used to predict the trajectory of his legendary home run. In the fifth inning of Game 3 of the World Series, with the score tied 4-4, Ruth stepped to bat against the Chicago Cubs' Charlie Root. After taking strike one, Ruth then made a gesture that remains ambiguous to this day despite video of the event. It is possible he was admonishing Root or the Cubs bench, which had relentlessly heckled Ruth that afternoon, but is believed to be him pointing his bat toward center field: a declaration that he was about to deposit a ball in the center field bleachers. After taking another strike, he then repeated the gesture. Unbelievably, on the next pitch, Ruth cracked a towering shot to the exact location he may or may not have pointed, estimated to be 440 feet from home plate. Initially, Ruth claimed he was just pointing to the Cubs bench to remind them he still had one more strike, but as the story gathered momentum Ruth lent it credence, later saying of the event, "Well, I looked out at center field and pointed. I said, 'I'm gonna hit the next pitch right past the flagpole!'" Whether or not Ruth intended to call his shot, he did consider it the best ball he ever struck, later saying, "As I hit the ball, every muscle in my system, every sense I had, told me that I had never hit a better one, that as long as I lived nothing would ever feel as good as this one." Though the called shot bat has never been found, this one makes a pretty compelling case. The Baseball Hall of Fame at one time was in possession of a bat believed to be it, but it was later found the bat was produced after Ruth's career. Originally, this was thought to be Ruth's last bat, gifted by The Babe to Wally Berger, but as fate would have it this was not the one. Ruth often used to keep his favorite bats for years. This bat was made in 1932 and matches to his order on 4-18-32, and a photo of the called shot shows Ruth using a 1932 bat, so it stands to reason this could be the one given his penchant for retaining preferred bats and the corresponding order. Further evidence comes in the form of a carved, vintage arrow pointing to the deepest, hardest hit ball mark on the barrel of the bat. Ruth is known for the unique habit of making notches on his bats denoting important home runs, so this arrow could be pointing, like Ruth's called shot itself, to a home run of particular significance. Irrespective of its place in history, the bat is truly special and one of the finest Ruth specimens ever offered to the public. It measures 34.75" and weighs 37.2 oz., and is graded a perfect 10 by PSA. It has seen terrific use with deep stitch and ball marks on the left barrel, as well as blue, gray, and green paint transfers from bat racks. The bat is uncracked, and carved into the left side of the barrel is an arrow pointing to the very deepest stitch indention. It comes with a comprehensive, 14-page PSA report and LOA. To quote the report, "It's ironic, with the many iconic bats of Ruth, several of which represent notable home runs, held today at the Hall of Fame and in private collections, the 'Called Shot' did not find a home. We think it did, inadvertently."
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Review the text to make sense: - The bridge is named after famous Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama ?, and was completed to commerate the 500 year aniversary of his voyage to India.
In English, to be named after something is to be named for something. It's the exact same meaning.
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Outline and describe the issue you have studied in Social Approach. (12 Marks) [First Draft] Ever since football has been a sport, there has been the social problem of football Hooliganism. Football hooliganism refers to destructive behavior that is performed by football fans and is widely considered to be unruly and destructive behaviour. Actions such as fighting, vandalism and intimidation are carried out by football fans participating in football hooliganism. The behaviour is often based upon rivalry between different teams and conflict may take place before or after football matches. In this question I am going to be describing football hooliganism, explaining the theories behind it, what studies support the theories, evaluating these theories and then subsequently using alternative theories to explain how football hooliganism occurs. The key issue we studied in the social approach was football hooliganism; we looked at what it is, who gets involved, why is it such key issue in society and how can Social Psychology be used to explain why football hooliganism occurs. It is a substantially large issue society because the football hooligans believe that they?re above the law as they feel they can do it without any repercussions. ...read more.
In-group favouritism refers to the fact that under certain conditions people will preference and have affinity for one?s in-group over the out-group, or anyone viewed as outside the in-group. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, linking, allocation of resources and many other ways.people will do anything in order to boost the self esteem of themselves and the in group, by making the out group look bad, and this is achieved by either. In football this occurs when the in-group are chanting songs about the team they support in order to make them seem better than the other team; even if their team doesn?t win, they start chanting to make them seem better, and may even start fighting because they feel they need to win something. Social Psychology, in my opinion, can be used to understand, prevent and stop football hooliganism to some extent, as Social Identity Theory helps explain why football hooliganism occurs. For instance, Social Identity Theory states that when people enter a stadium, they choose to sit with people that also support the team they have come to the stadium to, and, furthermore, choose this group of people are their in-group. ...read more.
It suggests that it is not just the creation of two groups that leads to prejudice, but that they need to have a goal in sight for conflict/prejudice to develop. Secondly, there is a theory that when humans have their sense of humanity taken away from them, and they are in turn treated as if they are animalistic. This can be used to prove football hooliganism because they are in conflicting goals and therefore they are fighting like animals in order to receive the prize of a football victory. In conclusion, I think that the use of Social Psychology can be used to understand and, more importantly, prevent football hooliganism. This is because the Police could use Social Identity Theory to understand what they needed to do in terms of policing the stadium, keeping peace and where to ?shepard? the fans. This could possibly reduce the amount of prejudice and discrimination at a football match, and therefore, using Social Identity Theory, reduce the amount of football hooliganism. However, I believe that football hooliganism isn?t a result of just Social Identity Theory; I think passion for the game, as well as ?over-excitedness? has a part to play too. ...read more.
According to Kuhn, a philosopher of science, this means that psychology is 'pre-paradigmatic' - it lacks a paradigm, without which it is still in a state of 'pre-science'.
The fact that the brain has tripled in size in three million years is very fast in evolutionary terms. One force that can bring such rapid change is sexual selection. Miller (2000) suggests that a similar process of which has left the peacock with a long tail has also shaped human brains.
Whistleblowing, The Problems and the Issue.
lie, chasing the poor for debts, repossessions, sexism, carrying out decision democratically reached disagrees with, organisational hypocrisy, contempt of officers for lay officials, corrupt appointments: deciding when to take industrial action (Goodwin, 2000). These problems will effect the organizations in many ways, such as decline in efficiency.
becomes deindividuation upon becoming a member of a group, and the behavioural changes that take place. Zimbardo (1969) reported three influential experiments in his paper, which became the basis for much of the redefinition of deindividuation that followed. The shock paradigm experiments involved allowing participants to dress in different costumes, to shock volunteers who could see them.
One study done by Sherif was the Robber's Cave Study (1961). Realistic Conflict theory arises when there are limited resources this then leads to conflict, prejudice and discrimination between groups who seek that common resource. Once hostility has been aroused, it is very difficult to return to normal relations and an ongoing feud can arise.
Evaluate two theories of altruism.
work out closeness of other animals by jus looking so this could vary results. Also environmental factors such as protecting from predators are not always the type of altruistic behaviour carried out. Another explanatio9n for animal altruism is the reciprocal altruism theory.
Investigating the validity of the matching hypothesis.
Participants were given unlimited time to complete the task. After recording the results, the subjects were given a verbal debriefing on the nature of the investigation.
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These adjectives indicate a range of other negative reactions to something.
I am absolutely horrified that this has happened.
We were worried that the children were failing to reach developmental milestones.
The adjective bad occurs with the verb feel.
He said he was pretty hard on you. He felt bad that you had to leave that way.
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What are we preparing students for?
The goal of the Academies of Nashville is to prepare students for college and careers after high school. Each academy is aligned with the workforce needs and post-secondary opportunities in Middle Tennessee. Through the Academies of Nashville, students learn the academic and 21st Century skills needed in industries such as health, law, communications, business, hospitality, engineering, and much more.
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Please explain me how to create a Excel Worksheet having .xls and .xlsx format in C#. I looked for a good reference, but was not successful. Please help. Thanks in advance.
First add a reference from the right side in Solution Explorer. Right-click on the project then select Add Reference then select Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Add the following namespace to the project.
First create a table using a DataGridView in the C# code.Then create an object of Excel Application, Workbook, Worksheet and Range.
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Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (1122–1190); "Frederick Barbarossa"
Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg) (1286–1330); "Frederick the Fair"
Frederick I (German: Friedrich I) (11 July 1657 – 25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union (Brandenburg-Prussia). The latter function he upgraded to royalty, becoming the first King in Prussia (1701–1713). From 1707 he was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel (German: Fürstentum Neuenburg). He was also the paternal grandfather of Frederick the Great.
Born in Königsberg, he was the third son of Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg by his father's first marriage to Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau, eldest daughter of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels. His maternal cousin was King William III of England. Upon the death of his father on 29 April 1688, Frederick became Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia. Right after ascending the throne Frederick founded a new city southerly adjacent to Dorotheenstadt and named it after himself, the Friedrichstadt.
Friedrich I of Württemberg (19 August 1557, in Montbéliard – 29 January 1608, in Stuttgart) was the son of George of Mömpelgard and his wife Barbara of Hesse, daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse.
Several references are made to him in Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor, in which a series of anti-German jokes start with a horse theft, several references are made to German travellers in England and to a German duke who is not expected to come to Windsor.
Frederick of Mömpelgard was heir apparent to the dukedom of Württemberg when he visited Windsor and other English cities in 1592. He developed a desire to be made a Knight of the Garter and solicited Queen Elizabeth for the honor repeatedly. After he had inherited the dukedom and become more prominent in affairs, she admitted him to the order. In a calculated slight, he was not informed of his admission in time to attend the investiture in spring 1597, the ceremony for which The Merry Wives of Windsor was written. Thus references to Mömpelgard's earlier visit and his not being in Windsor were jokes intended for the play's first audience, and appear in the First Folio edition of the play, taken from the first private performance, but not in the 1602 Quarto derived from public theatrical production.
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"This hotel is too expensive for me."
Translation:Ten hotel jest dla mnie zbyt drogi.
What is the difference between "zbyt" and "za"?
There's not much of a difference. According to a famous linguist, professor Bańko, "za" can always be changed to "zbyt", but not always the other way round. It's hard to set a rule for 'when it can't be done'.
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Limón ([liˈmon]) is one of seven provinces in Costa Rica. The province covers an area of 9,189 km², and has a population of 386,862.
The majority of its territory is situated in the country's Caribbean lowlands, though the southwestern portion houses part of an extensive mountain range known as the Cordillera de Talamanca. The province shares its northern border with Nicaragua via the Río San Juan, its western borders with the provinces of Heredia, Cartago, and Puntarenas, and its southern border with Panama via the Río Sixaola. Within the province there are six cantons, or counties, which include Pococí, Guácimo, Siquirres, Matina, Limón, and Talamanca. Each cantón has several local districts.
Limón is one of the most culturally diverse of Costa Rica's provinces, housing a significant Afro-Caribbean and indigenous population. Several languages (Spanish, Limón Creole) are spoken, and due mainly to its cultural ties to the Caribbean islands, dishes like rice and beans are ubiquitous throughout the province, along with reggae, calypso, and soca music (see "Demographics").
The capital is Puerto Limón, and other important cities include Siquirres, Puerto Viejo de Talamanca, and Guápiles.
Locals refer to themselves as limonenses.
Columbus was the first European to visit Limón during his fourth and final voyage to the Americas in 1502, setting anchor near Isla Uvita, just off the shore of present-day Puerto Limón. Due mainly to the region's hot and inhospitable weather and fervent resistance from indigenous groups, the Spanish tried but eventually gave up the idea of colonizing the Caribbean lowlands and instead opted to exploit the central valley and Pacific regions.
Starting in the early 19th century, Afro-Caribbeans from Bocas del Toro (Panama), San Andrés (Colombia), and Nicaragua visited what is now Tortuguero to hunt turtles from May through September. As years passed, these populations eventually settled along the coast and founded the towns of Cahuita (named after the sangrillo or cawa tree), Old Harbour (Puerto Viejo), Grape Point (Punta Uva), and Manzanillo (named after the manchineel tree). The Afro-Caribbean population established an amicable trading relationship with the region's indigenous populations, and this cohesive existence laid the foundation for these two groups to eventually become the most populous in the province.
Limón became accessible to large-scale economic activity and settlement after the government decided to build a railroad from San José to present-day Puerto Limón (or, as the locals call it, Limón). Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez proposed the project in 1870, shortly after his successful coup, as a more efficient means to ship to Europe. Although he secured two English bank loans in 1871 and got the American Henry Meiggs to take on the project, work stopped in 1873 due to financial, logistical, and labor issues. The railroad sat unfinished until the presidency of Próspero Fernández. In 1884, thanks to the effort of the Minister of Public Works, Bernardo Soto, Costa Rica hired Meiggs' nephew, Minor Keith, to renegotiate Costa Rica's debt and complete the project.
Native Costa-Ricans comprised the bulk of the labor force as the railroad began construction, though small proportions of Afro-Caribbeans and Chinese were also hired. When the project entered the Caribbean lowlands, however, many workers died from exhaustion and malaria, which prompted Keith to aggressively recruit outside the country, bringing in large numbers of Jamaicans, Chinese, and even Italians to finish the job. Seeking to minimize fixed costs, Keith planted banana crops along the lines as a cheap source of food for his work force. After finishing the project, but losing money due to low passenger numbers, Keith placed bananas in the empty cars and shipped them to the United States as a (subsequently successful) business experiment. Combined with the 800,000 acres (3,200 km2) of Caribbean land the Costa Rican government gave him and the success of the banana sales, Keith eventually founded and grew the enormously lucrative United Fruit Company.
Several town names in Limón (mainly in Talamanca) trace their origin to Keith and his associates: Penhurst (just above Cahuita, and actually marked as Penshurt in street signs and local maps), Fields, Olivia, and Margarita (all three lying east of Bribrí, off of route 32).
Ever since major development occurred in Limón, an undercurrent of political resentment has been felt between limonenses and the central government. This is especially true for the Afro-Caribbean population, who, until 1948, had to obtain legal permission to leave Limón province, and were not recognized as citizens. Roads and electricity were slow to come to most of the province (the latter did not arrive to Cahuita until late 1976), and the traditional disparity of resources – along with racism – created resentment among some of the Limón population. Recent major investment initiatives are a break with the past, and may help to improve relations between the Caribbean district and the central valley (see "Economy").
The majority of Limón's land lies at sea level, though its western border sees an increase in altitude due largely to the Cordillera de Talamanca. The province's indigenous populations largely reside in reserves that occupy much of the cantón of Talamanca.
Unlike the rest of the country, Limón does not adhere to the dry-wet season cycle. It rains throughout the year, though the driest months tend to occur in September and October.
Limón is home to the country's largest concentration of Chinese, Afro-Caribbean and indigenous groups (mainly the bribri, kéköLdi, and cabécar). According to the 2000 census, 16% of Limón's population is Afro-Caribbean, 7% is indigenous, less than 1% is Chinese, and nearly 75% consider themselves a mix of Afro-Caribbean, indigenous, Chinese, and/or mestizo blood. Spoken languages include Spanish, an English creole called Limonese Creole, Chinese, English, and the indigenous languages of the province's three main groups (bribri and cabécar).
Due mainly to the surge in tourism starting around the 1970s, Limón is home to a host of foreign expatriates. Among the most common are Americans, Canadians, Nicaraguans, South Americans (mainly Colombian and Ecuadorian), and Europeans (Spanish, Dutch, German, Swiss, and Italian).
The United Fruit Company laid the foundation of what keeps the limonense economy going. Although the fruit conglomerate has long been dismantled, banana and plantain exports remain one of the region's top sources of income, as well as the ports of Limón and Moín (administered by the government's Junta de Administración Portuaria y de Desarrollo Económico de la Vertiente Atlántica [Japdeva]), and tourism.
Although Limón province ranks third in overall poverty statistics, Talamanca ranks as one of the poorest counties in the country, with a significant portion of its mainly indigenous population of nearly 26,000 residents having spotty access to potable water, electricity, and roads. Two major tourist sites – Cahuita and Puerto Viejo/Manzanillo – exist in Talamanca, and taxes collected from and investment due to tourism help keep the municipality afloat. However, local leaders hope to benefit from the government's recent major investment initiatives in the province.
Access to education – especially in Talamanca – is a problem that the government has tried to tackle. Whereas about 45% of limonenses possess a high-school degree (about the national average), only about 22% of talamanqueños (those from Talamanca) have achieved the same qualification. Recognizing the tie between education and poverty, the government recently launched the avancemos education initiative, in which poor and at-risk high-school students are eligible for a national scholarship to help pay for school and therefore reduce the chances of dropping out. As of 2009, about 150,000 students receive a stipend (about 47% of the total public-high-school population). Though not officially linked, the government has reported lower drop-out rates over the past few years.
Health care is provided for the province by Hospital Dr. Tony Facio Castro.
Every second week of October, Puerto Limón hosts a festival called carnaval. The event's start is credited to local community leader and activist, Alfred Josiah Henry Smith (known as "Mister King"), who helped organize the first carnaval in October 1949. The event coincides with Columbus Day (known locally as Día de la Raza) on October 12, and traditionally lasts for a little over a week (to include two weekends). Activities include parades, food, music, dancing, and, on the last night, a concert headed by a major Latino/Caribbean music act in the Parque Vargas. Previous headliners have included Eddy Herrera (2002), Damian Marley (2003), El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico (2005), and T.O.K. (2006).
The festival goes on rain or shine, though at times it is susceptible to local emergencies: Event planners cancelled carnaval in 2007 due to a major dengue outbreak that afflicted all of Limón, and again in 2008 due to an epidemic trash-removal problem that has since been resolved.
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What Should I Eat if I Can Not Keep Anything in My Stomach?
No matter what the cause, when you're feeling sick to your stomach, eating may be the furthest thing from your mind. If your doctor says it's alright to try to eat despite your difficulty holding down foods, there are some steps you can take to help increase your intake while decreasing your risk of dehydration. Consult your doctor if you're unable to eat or drink due to nausea or vomiting for more than 12 hours.
Due to your poor tolerance of food, you want to go slow and start with small sips of clear liquids. Clear liquids are easy to digest and leave the stomach faster than solid food, so your body may have an easier time tolerating them. Good options include apple juice, cranberry juice, clear soda and broth. Fruit ice and gelatin are also considered clear liquids, which you can try in small bites. To help with rehydration, try a half-strength electrolyte-replacement sports drink made by diluting 1 cup of the drink with 1 cup of water.
Ginger may help you tolerate food or liquids. A March 2000 study published in the "British Journal of Anesthesia" found that ginger helped improve nausea and vomiting better than a placebo for a number of different types of ailments, including seasickness, morning sickness, during chemotherapy treatment and after surgery and anesthesia. Try sips of ginger ale or ginger tea before eating solid food to improve tolerance. You can also freeze your ginger drink to make ginger ice chips.
If you're holding down the liquids, you may be able tolerate solid food. Start with dry foods, such as crackers, bread sticks, toast or dry cereal, and nibble on small amounts throughout the day. Continue to reintroduce foods as you feel better, but stick with bland foods that are easy to digest such as white rice, boiled potatoes and applesauce.
Due to the sugar content, which may exacerbate your symptoms, you should avoid full-strength sports drinks and any other overly sweet foods when you're having difficulty holding food down. To improve your tolerance when reintroducing solid food, avoid foods that may cause indigestion, such as spicy and fatty foods. Also, don't eat too much at one time.
It's important that you are able to identify signs and symptoms of dehydration when you're having difficulty keeping food down. These include a dry, sticky mouth, fatigue or weakness, dizziness, dark-yellow urine or not needing to urinate for more than about 5 hours. Contact your doctor if you are unable to stay hydrated. Seek immediate medical care if you're experiencing chest or belly pain, are throwing up blood or a substance that looks like coffee grounds, or have black stools that look like tar or a fever greater than 101 degrees Fahrenheit.
Nutrition and Diet Therapy; Carroll A. Lutz, et al.
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Cannabinoid (CBD) oil is becoming increasingly popular across the world for its health benefits, but many consumers are still unsure on what exactly CBD oil is and how it is extracted from the hemp plant.
Despite many people still not understanding exactly what CBD oil is and the expertise it takes to extract it, the market is still set to grow exponentially within the next few years. In fact, recent reports indicate that the CBD market is estimated to grow by 700% by 2020, while Hemp Business Journal also predicts that the CBD market will grow to $2.1 billion by 2020.
This is a huge jump in value when compared with the CBD market of 2017, which stood at a value of $202 million.
The cannabinoid (CBD) industry is continuing to grow leaps and bounds over the past couple of years, but do you know the difference between CBD oil derived from hemp and CBD oil derived from marijuana?
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the three main chemicals found in the cannabis and hemp plants. It’s growth in popularity in recent years has coincided with various scientific studies that have continued to find benefits for its application.
It’s believed CBD can be used for the treatment of various mental and physical illnesses, and possess beneficial properties such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, anticonvulsants and antipsychotics.
However, there are some key differences between the CBD oil derived from hemp and the CBD oil derived from marijuana.
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0.999828 |
It's a multimedia software for Mac OS to convert video and audio. It allows users to perform enhancement tasks, such as media editing and correction.
iSkysoft iMedia Converter is a Mac software solution that converts diverse video and audio formats. In addition, it supports a wide format's range and optimized output for portable devices (iPad, iPod, iPhone, Apple TV, etc.).
The provided interface is modern and easy to operate, it requires minimal clicks to complete the job, that makes this application a good option for advanced and novices.
Note: Check out the Pro version: iSkysoft iMedia Converter Deluxe for Mac.
Transform media files to popular video and audio formats.
Compatible with portable devices, including iPhone, iPad, iPod, etc.
Feature custom presets to produce optimal quality for portable-players, iMovie, iDVD and YouTube.
Converting Module: Convert media files, including standard and high-definition.
Sharing on the Web: Offer special compatibility for sharing services, allowing custom title, category, description, and sharing options.
Performance: Detect automatically the hardware, allowing fast conversion and better quality.
Exporting: Produce optimized output for editing applications (iMovie, iDVD, etc.).
Watermarks: Add pictures (Company logo) or text blocks (Brands), personalizing the output movies.
Easy-to-use: The user-oriented interface, includes, drag-and-drop, pre-defined presets and a predictable layout.
Custom DVD: Create discs with diverse options, such as omitting intro menu, extras and specific titles/chapters.
Settings: Adjust diverse output parameters (resolution, encoder, bit rate). In addition, users can define settings, saving them as custom-defined.
Subtitles: Import and remove subtitle and tracks, enabling a total control of them.
Merge: Join media files into a compilation movie.
Extract Audio: Select and capture audio segments, saving them as diverse audios.
Snapshot: Capture video frames as image series on hard-drive.
Split: Divide the source into smaller segments, by time during or piece size.
Crop: Remove the common black borders or emphasize a particular focal point.
iSkysoft iMedia Converter supports a large format's list, including standard and high-definition.
This product has an easy operation, allowing to select between diverse pre-defined presets with optimal values.
It features media adjusting options, such as trimming, merging and cropping.
Finally, it is a recommended choice for Mac computers, to process media files with excellent output quality.
Pros: Deliver high speed processing, very recommended.
Pros: It works perfect for me, the interface is really easy to use.
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Egypt looters destroy church Jump to media player Ahmed Maher reports from the village of Dalga, near the central Egyptian city of Minya, where Coptic Christians say they are victims of a backlash by pro-Morsi supporters.
Christians attacked in Egypt Jump to media player There have been a number of attacks on Christians in Egypt reported since Mohammed Morsi was forced from office. One Christian man told BBC News about his experience.
Egypt: interim government sworn in Jump to media player A new interim Egyptian government has been sworn in, with army chief Gen Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, who led the ousting of Mohammed Morsi, becoming deputy PM as well as defence minister.
There has been a string of attacks on Christians in different provinces in Egypt since Mohammed Morsi was forced from office, with Coptic Christians saying they have been singled out for campaigning against him.
In the village of Dalga, near the central Egyptian city of Minya, a church was looted and destroyed and the priest, Father Ayoub Youssef, had to flee for his life.
He said Muslim neighbours helped his escape from the roof of his house.
''Had it not been for them, I would have been lynched," he said.
Ahmed Maher reports from Egypt.
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0.972552 |
Here is a VBScript sample that shows how to erase a disc.
REM the second argument hooks up the events with prefix "fnErase_"
I readded the references - same run time result.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'MsftDiscRecorder2.ReadDvdStructure' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'MsftDiscRecorder2.GetAdapterDescriptor' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'MsftDiscRecorder2.GetDeviceDescriptor' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'MsftDiscRecorder2.GetDiscInformation' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'MsftDiscRecorder2.GetTrackInformation' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'MsftDiscRecorder2.GetFeaturePage' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'MsftDiscRecorder2.GetModePage' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'MsftDiscRecorder2.GetSupportedFeaturePages' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'MsftDiscRecorder2.GetSupportedProfiles' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'MsftDiscRecorder2.GetSupportedModePages' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'IDiscRecorder2Ex.ReadDvdStructure' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'IDiscRecorder2Ex.GetAdapterDescriptor' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'IDiscRecorder2Ex.GetDeviceDescriptor' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'IDiscRecorder2Ex.GetDiscInformation' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'IDiscRecorder2Ex.GetTrackInformation' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'IDiscRecorder2Ex.GetFeaturePage' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'IDiscRecorder2Ex.GetModePage' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'IDiscRecorder2Ex.GetSupportedFeaturePages' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'IDiscRecorder2Ex.GetSupportedProfiles' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'IDiscRecorder2Ex.GetSupportedModePages' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'MsftStreamPrng001.get_ExtendedSeed' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets : warning : At least one of the arguments for 'IStreamPseudoRandomBased.get_ExtendedSeed' cannot be marshaled by the runtime marshaler. Such arguments will therefore be passed as a pointer and may require unsafe code to manipulate.
SampleApp1 and SampleApp2: demonstrate (VB.NET), how to obtain recorder and media information. Command line.
SampleApp3: demonstrates (C#) how to add files to a filesystem image, burn the disk and receive events.
There are some minor complications with using IMAPI2 autogenerated interop libraries with .NET languages, so some of this projects use helper classes to deal with it. Hopefully, but RTM we would see the interop libraries shipped with the OS.
On XP you can compile (if you copy over the IMAPI2.dll and IMAPI2FS.dll and update references), but you cannot test, since currently IMAPI2 is only supported on the Vista platform.
I am quite successful in doing my development on Vista, although for the resasons of convenience I tend to turn off UAC first :) I've done some driver work recently and even used a Vista build 5308 machine to show my demos during MEDC 2006. Basically the only development-related problem with Vista that I am aware of is that there is no Activesync, so you can't deploy to/debug on attached mobile devices (emulator works).
As for dogfood, yes, as far as I know (I am not a Microsoft employee).
Is this issue resolved, I am also facing similar issue, if have found the solution/solved it... Please let me know.
C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Microsoft.Common.targets(0,0): warning MSB3287: Cannot load type library for reference "ADDRESSOBJECTLib". Library not registered. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x8002801D (TYPE_E_LIBNOTREGISTERED)).
(0,0): warning MSB3021: Unable to copy file "D:\NetTeamBuild\BuildLocation\NET2\Testbuild\Net\CommonFiles\Assemblies\Ajax.dll" to "Phly.PathNet2.Presentation\\Bin\Ajax.dll". Could not find a part of the path 'D:\NetTeamBuild\BuildLocation\NET2\Testbuild\Net\CommonFiles\Assemblies\Ajax.dll'.
(0,0): warning MSB3021: Unable to copy file "D:\NetTeamBuild\BuildLocation\NET2\Testbuild\Sources\Program Files\Obout\Component\NET2.0\obout_Splitter2_Net.dll" to "Net2.Presentation\\Bin\obout_Splitter2_Net.dll". Could not find a part of the path 'D:\NetTeamBuild\BuildLocation\NET2\Testbuild\Sources\Program Files\Obout\Component\NET2.0\obout_Splitter2_Net.dll'.
Any help or pointer regarding this is deeply appreciated.
So I copied those files from a Vista Beta2 system onto my dev machine.
Then I regsvr32 them and it built fine.
So I moved the release build (the entire directory) over to the Vista machine and try running it.
After it finally dawning on me that it isn't a gui lol I made a directory to match yours in the source c:\users\alexf\data\ and put some stuff in it. I try running demo3.exe.
How big was the image at that point I.e. what is the total size of the directory that you were burning I might have forgot to set the correct filesystem type if this were a DVD-sized image, although I would expect a different error code.
I've got VS2005 on that vista machine now.
I rebuilt there, made sure a blank dvd-r was in the drive, and ran, stepping over each step.
From the IDE it behaves exactly like the binaries I had built on XP.
I thought I might be able to glean something by stopping on _com_error, but it didn't reveal anything.
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0.964246 |
There has been a lot of talk in the last few weeks on the upcoming changes to the MCAT, effective starting in 2015. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has approved these changes based on an overall shift in healthcare that is growing to emphasize patient understanding and interaction. It is not only the AAMC that has seen this shift. Many medical schools are starting to place first year medical students in situations with patient interaction. The definition of an excellent doctor is shifting to one that not only includes scientific knowledge but also the capability of relating to patients. Having a medical problem can be an exceedingly scary and uncertain experience that might be made more comfortable with a doctor who sees you as not just another case but as a person.
More information can be found in this extremely helpful guide published by the AAMC: MCAT 2015-A Better Test for Tomorrow’s Doctors. Here is a summary of the four sections of the 2015 MCAT.
1.Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems: This section is largely similar to the current biological sciences section of the MCAT that focuses on cell biology and cellular processes. However, this section will also include some concepts from biochemistry.
2. Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems: This section is similar to the current MCAT physical sciences section. This section will focus on general chemistry and physics as applied to living organisms.
3. Psychological, Social, and Biological Functions of Behavior: This is a completely new section that will be added to MCAT 2015. It is this section that was developed as a result of the shift in medicine toward patient interaction and understanding. The AAMC’s Preview Guide specifically states that “You will be tested on your knowledge of the ways in which psychological, social, and biological factors influence perceptions and reactions to the world; behavior and behavior change; what people think about themselves and others; the cultural and social differences that influence well-being; and the relationships between social stratification, access to resources, and well-being.” Psychology greatly plays a role in one’s comprehension of health and medicine, therefore a doctor can gain a greater access to understanding their patient by understanding these psychologic factors.
4. Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills: This section is similar to the current verbal reasoning section, however focuses more on the ability to deduce and apply the information in the given passages. Being a doctor is similar to being a detective. A patient does not have their condition already written on their forehead so all the doctor has to do is treat it. The patient comes in with many symptoms that individually may not mean much. It is the job of the doctor to piece together and analyze these seemingly unrelated factors in order to come up with a diagnosis.
MCAT 2015 will not have the writing section that is a part of the current edition of the test.
Although I will not be taking this version of the exam, as I will be taking the MCAT this year, I, personally, like these changes to the MCAT. I appreciate the focus of the AAMC to make the MCAT updated and relevant to the changes in health care. However, I suppose nothing can be perfect and I know every student is cringing over the new length of MCAT 2015, 6 1/2 hours.
Let me know what you think about the new changes to the MCAT and whether you are excited about taking it, or perhaps glad it is not in effect until 2015, by leaving a comment below. You can read the official press release about MCAT 2015 here. The AAMC website also has tons of great information for students.
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What are the best-selling games in America, Japan, and Europe (UK) this week? Thanks to Amazon online sales data here are the games that are the most popular now.
North America: 1. Mario Party 8 (Nintendo), 2. Resident Evil 4: Wii Edition (Capcom), 3. Wii Play (Nintendo), 4. Pokemon Battle Revolution (Nintendo), 5. The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess (Nintendo).
Japan: 1. Wii Sports (Nintendo), 2. Donkey Kong Taru Jet Race (Nintendo), 3. BioHazard 4: Wii Edition (Capcom), 4. Hajimete no Wii (Nintendo), 5. Hajime no Ippo Revolution (AQ Interactive).
Europe: 1. Resident Evil 4: Wii Edition (Capcom), 2. The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess (Nintendo), 3. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (EA Games), 4. Wii Play (Nintendo), 5. Tiger Woods PGA Tour 07 (EA Sports).
North America: 1. The Darkness (2K Games), 2. Guitar Hero II Bundle (RedOctane), 3. Forza Motorsport 2 (Microsoft), 4. Gears of War (Microsoft), 5. DiRT (Codemasters).
Japan: 1. Saints Row (THQ Japan), 2. Dead Rising — Xbox 360 Platinum Collection (Capcom), 3. The IdolM@ster (Namco), 4. Trusty Bell: Chopin no Yume (Microsoft), 5. Tom Clancy’s Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter — Xbox 360 Platinum Collection (Ubisoft).
Europe: 1. The Darkness (2K Games), 2. Overlord (Codemasters), 3. Forza Motorsport 2 (Microsoft), 4. Forza Motorsport 2: Limited Edition (Microsoft), 5. Colin McRae: DiRT (Codemasters).
North America: 1. Tom Clancy’s Rainbow Six Vegas (Ubisoft), 2. The Darkness (2K Games), 3. Resistance: Fall of Man (SCEA), 4. The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion (Bethesda), 5. MotorStorm (SCEA).
Japan: 1. Tom Clancy’s Rainbow Six Vegas (Ubisoft), 2. FolksSoul: Ushinawareta Denshou (SCEI), 3. Call of Duty 3 (Spike), 4. Ninja Gaiden Sigma (Tecmo), 5. Ridge Racer 7 (Namco).
Europe: 1. Tom Clancy’s Rainbow Six Vegas (Ubisoft), 2. MotorStorm (SCEE), 3. Formula One Championship Edition (SCEE), 4. Resistance: Fall of Man (SCEE), 5. The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion (Bethesda).
North America: 1. Crazy Machines: The Wacky Contraptions Game (Viva Media), 2. Crazy Machines 1.5 (Viva Media), 3. Nancy Drew: The White Wolf of Icicle Creek (Atari), 4. World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade (Blizzard), 5. Starcraft Battle Chest (Blizzard).
Japan: 1. Monster Hunter Frontier (Capcom), 2. Eiyuu Densetsu VI: Sora no Kiseki the 3rd (Nihon Falcom), 3. Shinkyouku Soukai Polyphonica Memories White — First Emotion (Ocelot), 4. Ragnarok Online RJC2007 Memorial Package (Gungho), 5. Shinkyouku Soukai Polyphonica 3 & 4 (Ocelot).
Europe: 1. World of Warcraft (Blizzard), 2. The Sims 2: H&M Fashion Stuff (EA Games), 3. Overlord (Codemasters), 4. Tomb Raider: Anniversary (Eidos), 5. World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade (Blizzard).
North America: 1. Guitar Hero II Bundle (RedOctane), 2. God of War (SCEA), 3. Guitar Hero (RedOctane), 4. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (EA Games), 5. Final Fantasy XII (Square Enix).
Japan: 1. Super Robot Taisen Original Generations (Banpresto), 2. Tales of Fandom Vol. 2 — Luke Version (Namco), 3. Baroque (Sting), 4. Tales of Fandom Vol. 2 — Tia Version (Namco), 5. Tales of the Abyss — PlayStation 2 the Best (Namco).
Europe: 1. Tomb Raider: Anniversary (Eidos), 2. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (EA Games), 3. SingStar Pop Hits (SCEE), 4. Final Fantasy XII (Square Enix), 5. Kingdom Hearts II (Square Enix).
North America: 1. Pokemon Diamond (Nintendo), 2. New Super Mario Bros. (Nintendo), 3. Pokemon Pearl (Nintendo), 4. Brain Age (Nintendo), 5. Mario Kart DS (Nintendo).
Japan: 1. Zelda no Densetsu: Mugen no Sunadokei (Nintendo), 2. Miru Chikara o Jissen de Kitaeru: DS Ganryoku Training (Nintendo), 3. Kiku! Kaku! Kotoba o Fuyasu! Hajimete no Eigo Training (Benesse), 4. Itadaki Street DS (Square Enix), 5. Ukkari o Nakusou! Bunshou Yomi Training — YomiTore (Benesse).
Europe: 1. More Brain Training from Dr. Kawashima (Nintendo), 2. Dr. Kawashima’s Brain Training (Nintendo), 3. New Super Mario Bros. (Nintendo), 4. Animal Crossing: Wild World (Nintendo), 5. Nintendogs: Lab & Friends (Nintendo).
North America: 1. Lumines (Ubisoft), 2. Final Fantasy Anniversary Edition (Square Enix), 3. Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories (Rockstar), 4. Star Wars Battlefront II (LucasArts), 5. Daxter (SCEA).
Japan: 1. Lumines — PSP the Best (Bandai), 2. Final Fantasy Tactics: Shishi Sensou (Square Enix), 3. Ratchet & Clank 5: Gekitotsu! Dodeka Ginga no MiriMiri Gundan (SCEI), 4. Monster Hunter Portable 2nd (Capcom), 5. World Soccer Winning Eleven 10: Ubiquitous Edition — PSP the Best (Konami).
Europe: 1. Lumines — Platinum (Ubisoft), 2. Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories (Rockstar), 3. Lumines (Ubisoft), 4. Sega Mega Drive Collection (Sega), 5. Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories (Rockstar).
In Japan The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass was launched and was very popular selling over 350,000 copies in two days. The Darkness seems to be doing great. Europe saw More Brain Training from Dr. Kawashima. And Lumines received an unexpected worldwide boost in popularity thanks to a related PSP hardware exploit that Sony’s next firmware update has already taken care of. — Analysis at Gamasutra.
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0.969808 |
Risk R-Squared: Criminal Financial Planner?
Campbell's attempt to answer is so bad, she should be...I don't know, not published by US News and World Report??
Assume a $500k house, $450k mortgage at 5%, real estate returns 5%, other investments return 8%, and you have a 25% tax rate.
Scenario 1: You pay off your mortgage. Since there is no loan, and no investment other than your house, both your investment money and your house value increase at 5 percent (the rate of return on real estate). Your total increase is $25,000.
Scenario 2: You owe $450,000 (90 percent of your home's value). In this scenario, you have a $450,000 note with a 5 percent interest rate. The cost to you is $22,500 per year in interest. But since you are able to deduct the interest on the note, the real cost, assuming a 25 percent total tax rate, is $16,875 per year.
Remember, you will also have the $450,000 that you would have used to pay off your mortgage invested. Assuming the above 8 percent return on investment, this will give you a return of $36,000. Net out what you make and what it costs--$36,000 less $16,875--and you earn a $19,125 return each year.
Brilliant! If you borrow money to invest, and prices rise, you make more money. If they don't, you have a problem. Her closest concession to reality: "It's very important to have investments capable of achieving an 8 percent return..." Holy cow, that's an understatement!
Should we be surprised? Probably not. I am sure Ms. Campbell has many clients asking a very reasonable question: "Why am I giving you money to manage when I could simply pay down my mortgage?"
That's a complicated question that can be very hard to answer.
I guess the easy answer: The Campbell household needs to eat too.
Where is the tax deduction for capital gains? Is she suggesting that there are investments with 8% returns, after-tax, out there right now?
I have read this several times, and am missing your point. Which option are you advocating? I for one would opt for the pay off, since this is the lowest risk, and would allow me to keep my home if the economy ranks again.
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