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0.996031 |
I’ve spoken about the Australian Vaccination Network before, but those have generally only been mentions and references, I’ve never really gone in to who and what they are.
Who are the Australian Vaccination Network?
The Australian Vaccination Network (AVN), despite all claims to the contrary, are an anti-vaccination group. They are headed up by Meryl Dorey and claim they’re not, they claim they just support informed choice and provide a counter to the governments provides. However, the information the AVN provide is wrong on almost all counts which means it’s not really an informed choice they’re providing but a misinformed one, and if the governments provides is pro-vaccine, then any stance counter to that surely must be anti?
Their preferred sources of information are not scientific studies, but rather conspiracy theorist sites such as whale.to (a site that collects any and all articles and claims no matter how crazy and unsubstantiated they are), conspiracy theorists such as David Icke (who promotes world leaders and the royal family being lizard people), and people with revoked medical licenses such as the disgraced Andrew Wakefield.
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0.999437 |
Is your home located in an area that is surrounded by trees? If so, they could be causing damage to your home's asphalt shingles. Here is what you need to know about the potential damage that trees can cause.
If the tree branches hang low enough to scrape against the surface of your roof, they are most likely causing damage to the shingles. When the weather is windy, branches that scrape across the surface can potentially cause shingles to fall off. If the roof's shingles don't fall off, it can remove the protective granules on the surface, making the shingles more likely to become damaged. This will lead to leaks that allow water to get into your home.
Thankfully, fixing this problem is very straightforward. Simply trim back those large tree branches to prevent them from rubbing against your roofing material. Then inspect the shingles to ensure that no lasting damage has been caused.
Another problem with overhanging tree branches is that they can cause a large portion of your roof to be in the shade all day long. While you may think this is good for the roof since it will help bring down the temperature in the summer, it actually can cause algae and mold to grow on the surface. This happens in places where water is trapped on the surface of the roof, usually due to debris, and the moisture has the opportunity to form algae or moss.
While trimming back branches will fix the problem, it is not always an option. You may have a large tree on a neighbor's property that is causing the shade. Consider taking steps to clear debris off your roof, and then install a metal roof cap to prevent algae and moss growth. These roof caps release zinc across the surface of the roof when it rains, which will kill early algae and moss growth before it starts.
The debris that trees leave behind can get stuck in your gutters, which causes water to overflow instead of going into the downspout. This causes the soffits to become damaged as the water comes in contact with them. Gutter guards can do a great job at keeping debris out so that you are not constantly climbing up to your roof to inspect and clean the gutters.
If you do have roof damage that was caused by trees, reach out to a local roofing contractor to help fix it.
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0.983522 |
Read the contract carefully. The Staff is asleep between the hours of 10 and 6. They only accept one wheel chair, there is no sprinkler fire system at this house. There was a lot of frozen and pre made food.
Most people with AD get up at night, so this wouldn't be a place for them long term.
I liked that very much because they had a beautiful patio and we would go sit on the patio together. It was a house with nice trees in the backyard. It was very peaceful. The only problem was they couldn't watch him at night and he was getting up during the night so we had to move him. The cost was very reasonable cost but it just didn't work out because they had nobody at night.
The manager there was just fantastic and then she left and the new person was just blah. The first lady was just so warm, caring, perky and enthusiastic. She was great but the other staff wasn't as good.
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0.951109 |
Is Death owned by Big Business?
Making of Muckraker has almost exactly the same contents as [b:Poison Penmanship: The Gentle Art of Muckraking|7932625|Poison Penmanship The Gentle Art of Muckraking|Jessica Mitford|https://d202m5krfqbpi5.cloudfront.net/books/1320519474s/7932625.jpg|513406] except for a short Vogue piece contained in this edition. It's worth it to read as a Jessica Mitford completist, but Poison Penmanship is easier to find than Making of a Muckraker. Introductory and afterword material is different, but one version is sufficient to start off with baring any particular enthusiasm for Jessica Mitford.
Very informative, very funny. I do wonder if blowing the lid off of expensive funeral arrangements and overpriced correspondence courses is the height of high-wire muckraking, but time will tell. Strange that an expert in preparation for death had so little interest in ancient Egyptian culture.
Ms. Mitford is almost the quintessential success story, with no formal education at all, including primary school. She started writing and publishing in her forties and lays out the book as if it were an instructional manual. It appears that her journalistic output was far more serious in subsequent books.
That said, however, the book certainly is food for thought. The author digs into the funeral profession, why it costs so much to die, and how to die without leaving your descendents with a load of debt from the funeral.
Luckily there are more updated volumes about this topic, and I'd recommend reading those, but this is what started it all.
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0.996901 |
Businesses who are looking to increase or encourage customer and employee interaction, while simultaneously boosting the quality and amount of data collected, have a number of options at their disposal. One of the increasingly popular choices is called gamification. Here is a quick overview of the process and how some small businesses have implemented it.
It’s human nature to be competitive, and many of us exercise this nature by playing games. Be it team sports, board games, video games, or even office-related games, many of us partake in some form of game on a regular basis. Gamification is the incorporation of game elements, such as points, rules of play, competition, etc. into business-related processes.
By implementing game elements into areas like marketing or training, you can drive engagement, while also collecting better data, primarily because most people will be more willing to provide relevant information when they are invested in a game.
When it comes to implementing these elements into business processes, many companies tend to focus on either customer gamification or employee gamification.
The vast majority of customer-oriented gamification relates to rewards programs and repeat customers. Small to medium businesses who have successfully implemented these elements usually do so via social media and mobile apps. Repeat customers gain points for each purchase and when they reach a certain level receive a freebie perhaps or a rebate. This in turn drives the need to keep purchasing and to “win”.
Many businesses have been successful in implementing this game characteristic into social media, where people who interact gain levels and therefore access to such benefits as discounts. Businesses implementing customer-oriented gamification often see both increased engagement and better data flowing into the organization. In fact, many businesses have found that the data implemented through these elements has been useful in decision-making and overall business intelligence efforts.
Employee-based gamification is usually employed by businesses to encourage teams and individuals to work together towards a common goal. For example: Implementing a point or badge-based sales system where at certain sales levels badges are awarded, which can then be used for a reward, has proven to be incredibly successful for many sales-oriented companies. Publicly announced results and recognized rewards can also be a great employee motivator.
As with customer gamification, employee gamification can be a great source of data. For example, by tracking where employees are, and their results, you can quickly see weak spots or places where help may be needed. Essentially, more data means the ability to make better decisions.
Should my company implement gamification?
While this may sound like an exciting, and useful tactic to implement in your business, it’s not for everyone and it won’t fit well with all activities. What you should do is to look at whether the objectives and goals of the program you wish to implement can also be paired with gamification.
If you find that gamification, or elements of it, won’t benefit your business program, then it’s best not to implement it for the sake of it.
There are a wide number of mobile apps developed around gamification, along with social elements and ideas. What we suggest is talking to us to see how we can help first. We can work with you to find solutions and ways to implement your solutions. Contact us today to start the game of business success.
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0.999054 |
A MAN has sustained chest injuries after being gored by a deer in the Royal National Park.
The 57-year-old man told police he saw two large stags harassing his tame deer about 3.15pm on Friday, near his home on Bulgo Beach at Otford. The man tried to scare the stags away; however, one charged him and its antler pierced his chest and abdomen.
Paramedics treated the man at the scene but called in their helicopter to airlift him to St George Hospital. Police have been told the man sustained a collapsed lung and internal injuries as a consequence of the attack. He has undergone surgery and his condition is described as stable.
Headline: Otford man gored deer ?
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0.971018 |
From its founding in 1897, textile manufacturing firm Avondale Mills left its mark on towns and cities throughout Alabama. Avondale Mills earned the respect of many mill workers for its Progressive Era programs for employees, and the disdain of reformers for its labor practices, particularly the use of child labor. Avondale Mills spanned the rise and fall of Alabama's industrial history, and its most notable owners, the Comer family, became some of the most powerful people in the state. The company ceased operations in July 2006, unable to compete with foreign textile manufacturers and unable to recover from a tragic train accident next to its Graniteville, South Carolina, facility in 2005.
Around 1897, the Trainer family, which owned a textile business in Chester, Pennsylvania, began looking to expand its business into the South. It focused on the new and growing industrial city of Birmingham, Jefferson County, because of its proximity to inexpensive cotton sources and labor. In exchange for stock in the company, Frederick Mitchell Jackson Sr. and other Birmingham civic leaders agreed to invest $150,000 in private funding to build a mill. Jackson, president of Birmingham's Commercial Club (a forerunner of the Birmingham Area Chamber of Commerce), pledged his help to increase employment in Birmingham. The Trainers accepted the pledge of financial assistance and sought an Alabamian to invest $10,000 in the project and assume presidency of the mill. In 1897, they approached Braxton Bragg Comer, a successful cotton farmer and businessman who wanted to support an industry that would employ both women and men in Birmingham.
In 1897, Comer built the first mill in the Birmingham neighborhood of Avondale, hence the name Avondale Mills. By 1898, Avondale Mills employed more than 400 people as spinners, weavers, and mechanics and generated $15,000 in profit. In 1906, B. B. Comer was elected governor of Alabama but remained president of the company, although he turned over its management to his son James McDonald (Donald) Comer. The following year, Avondale Mills declared $55,000 in profit and produced almost 8 million yards of material.
Avondale drew large numbers of poor Alabamians who were yearning for work. For many former sharecroppers and tenant farmers, both black and white, the steady paychecks and working hours were very appealing compared with life on the farm at a time when cotton prices were falling. A farm laborer who had been earning a potential $400.00 annually could work in a textile mill for a potential $700.00 annually. And with other family members working in the mill, family income rose accordingly.
Comer's relationship to labor never progressed past his strong plantation-paternalism, an attempt to control almost every aspect of the mill worker's life. He controlled their working conditions at the mill, and by providing housing, recreation, and places of worship, he controlled much of their private lives as well. One of Comer's first initiatives was to provide a place of respite for all of his workers. He purchased land near Panama City, Florida, and created a beach-front park (now Camp Helen State Park) where members of the Comer family and Avondale workers could swim, boat, and fish. Later named Camp Helen, the park had a large central building with a number of scattered guest cottages. The mills closed at different times during the summer to allow employees to visit the camp. African American workers were also allowed separate time to use the facilities. Comer also established a kindergarten at the Birmingham mill that was directed by his daughters, Mignon, Catherine, and Eva. Comer's daughters also taught elsewhere, including Sylacauga.
Despite the amenities B. B. Comer provided to his workforce, he and the company have been criticized for their extensive use of child labor in the mills and for opposing legislation to restrict such labor. One historian documented 187 children (out of 774 employees) ages 8 to 15 working in the Birmingham mill in 1900. Some families reluctantly allowed their children to be employed at the mill, but other families, which were accustomed to all members laboring on the farm, often welcomed the opportunity for their children to work and earn a paycheck. Comer claimed that families demanded their children have the opportunity to work; hence he simply responded to the will of his employees. Labor reformers noted that there were important differences between farm work and factory work. On the farm, children worked hard but at their own pace with no penalty for stopping. The relentless pace of the mill, however, endangered children because they often did not have the stamina or physical strength to work long hours. A misstep around a running machine was much more dangerous than getting tired in an open field. Also, even when children were employed to sweep the floors, a fairly safe activity, they were absent from school.
When Donald Comer assumed management of Avondale Mills in 1907, he continued his father's business success. He expanded the company into Sylacauga, building the Eva Jane plant in 1913. In 1919, he constructed Sallie B. No. 1 and Catherine Mills and completed Sallie B. No. 2 in 1926, although some sources state it was in 1922. Avondale plants often bore the name of women in the family: for example, the Eva Jane plant was named for B. B. Comer's wife. Other plants carried the names of B. B. Comer's children: Catherine, Sallie B., and later Mignon. These and other Avondale plants typically turned out rope, hosiery yarns, sheeting, indigo denims, and heavy twills.
Donald Comer also began to reevaluate Avondale's relationship with its work force and expanded on his father's progressivism. Historians have noted that Donald had a more personal relationship with his employees and interest in their lives. He introduced a profit-sharing plan wherein profits were split between the company and employees. Each month, the employees received a check based on the profits from the previous 12 months. Donald Comer also prided himself on offering the same opportunities to African Americans at a time when racism was pervasive and institutionalized throughout the South; of the 8,500 people Avondale employed in 1947, 12 percent, or about 1,020 individuals, were African American.
Known to mill workers as "Boss," Donald Comer earned the appreciation of many workers, who were known as operatives, and his efforts generated a sense of pride in the Avondale Mills communities. The company's arrival in Sylacauga, for example, was described by a local historian as the most important event in the town's history, although Sylacauga had other industries, including Sylacauga Brick Yard and the Moretti-Harrah Marble Quarries. Avondale's impact on Sylacauga was heightened by the presence of five plants in the county. The Catherine Central Plant and the Eva Jane Plant employed almost 3,000 people. Mill owners typically provided housing for workers and little else. Outhouses were often located between or behind the houses. Comer, however, located sanitation facilities inside and the company charged only $0.75 a week for housing out of a salary of $12.00 to $20.00 a week. The company built schools, which sometimes also welcomed children from the community, as well as churches. Mill operatives could live in the mill village, which had a dairy, a poultry farm, and other amenities. Bragg Comer, another of B. B. Comer's sons, supervised the construction of Drummond Fraser Hospital, a 35-bed hospital for Avondale workers. At one point, Avondale even provided a canning plant, though employees had to pay for the cans. Avondale Mills also owned Camp Brownie on the Coosa River, which offered boating opportunities for employees and their families. Avondale paid its workers in cash, but operatives also could purchase company scrip. One dollar's worth of scrip could be purchased for $0.80, giving operatives a 20-percent discount at the mill village store because its prices matched those in the downtown stores. Understanding the motivations for this largess is complicated. The Comer family certainly had economic motives for keeping labor contented. And programs designed for children may have really been directed at their parents in an attempt to keep parents happy with the care their children received. And although Donald Comer promoted his corporate welfare efforts to boost the public image of Avondale Mills, the results for the workers were often the same: affection for the Comer family and Avondale Mills.
Many Avondale employees enjoyed the corporate welfare Avondale Mills offered, but difficult economic times often brought demands for more benefits. During the Great Depression, Alabama's mill workers endured production cuts, plant closings, pay shortages, and shorter work days to counter declining prices. In 1933, when labor organizers started local unions in Birmingham, Comer called a meeting to remind his employees of the many benefits they received and to say unions were not necessary. Foremen took their cue from his speech and began removing unionists from their jobs. Meanwhile, textile workers in Alabama began walking out of mills in 1934, individually and collectively, as part of a larger effort to protest declining wages; as many as 23,000 of the state's 40,000 textile workers may have participated. In July 1934, the evening shift in the Birmingham plant walked off the job; the only Avondale plant to join the movement. Comer closed the plant and did not reopen it until Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt called on all employees to return to work.
In its 109-year history, Avondale Mills expanded to include plants throughout Alabama. By the years 1947 and 1948, Avondale Mills had reached its apex with 7,000 employees. The plant's production efforts consumed 20 percent of Alabama's cotton crop. In 1951, Comer released control of Avondale Mills to James Craig Smith Jr. Later, Avondale branched out into Georgia and South Carolina.
In 1986, Walton Monroe Mills Inc. purchased Avondale Mills. The two companies operated separately but shared a board of directors. In 1993, the two merged to become Avondale Incorporated. Avondale Mills Inc. became a subsidiary of Avondale Incorporated. Three years later, Avondale acquired the textile assets of the Graniteville Company. Twelve years later, at Graniteville, in the early morning of January 6, 2005, a Norfolk Southern train went through a misaligned track switch at 50 miles per hour. The train hit a parked locomotive and launched 16 cars, including a tank car with 90 tons of chlorine, into a lot adjacent to Avondale Inc.'s data processing center. The tank ruptured and sent a vapor cloud through Graniteville and the mill. Five Avondale workers were killed and the chlorine gas destroyed computers and equipment. Avondale released 350 employees from the Graniteville facility.
Repercussions of the train wreck rippled throughout Avondale Mills until in July 2006, Avondale Incorporated ceased operations and sold three of its plants to Parkdale Mills Inc. Avondale closed three plants in Sylacauga and one plant each in Alexander City, Pell City, and Rockford, laying off more than 1,300 workers. The purchase by Parkdale Mills saved jobs in Alexander City and Rockford, but in January 2008, Parkdale closed its plant in Rockford. Overall, more than 4,000 workers in several states lost their jobs when Avondale shut down. Many of the workers affected by the layoffs have been eligible for federal job training and reemployment assistance. On June 22, 2011, the Avondale Mills Eva Jane plant building in Sylacauga caught fire and burned to the ground.
Brannon, Peter A. "Donald Comer, Dean of the Alabama Textile Industry." The Cotton History Review 3 (July 1960): 119-121.
Breedlove, Michael. "Donald Comer: New Southerner, New Dealer." Ph.D. diss., American University, 1990.
Buechler, Joseph P. "Avondale Mills: The First Fifty Years." Honors thesis, Auburn University, 1985.
Comer, Donald. Braxton Bragg Comer (1848-1927) An Alabamian Whose Avondale Mills Opened New Paths for Southern Progress. New York: The Newcomen Society of England, 1947.
Irby, William G. "The Avondale Mills of Alabama and Georgia." Textile History Review 3 (October 1962): 197-204.
Lathrop, Sallie B. Comer. My Mother. Birmingham, Ala.: Birmingham Printing Company, ca. 1940.
———. The Comer Family Goes To Town, Vol. II. Birmingham, Ala.: Birmingham Printing Company, 1942.
———. The Comer Family Grows Up, Vol. III. Birmingham, Ala.: Birmingham Printing Company, 1945.
Salmond, John A. The General Textile Strike of 1934: From Maine to Alabama. Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 2002.
Smith, J. Craig. Avondale's Third Generation. New York: Newcomen Society of England, 1972.
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0.974268 |
William Bligh (9 September 1754–7 December 1817) was an English officer in the British Navy. He sailed with Captain James Cook on his third and final voyage in 1776. In 1787 Bligh was made captain of HMS Bounty and sailed to Tahiti to collect breadfruit trees. A Mutiny on the Bounty prevented finishing this task. In 1806 he was made Governor of New South Wales. After going back to England, Bligh was made a Rear-Admiral and later a Vice-Admiral in the Royal Navy.
Bligh joined the navy at age 16 when he became an able seaman on HMS Hunter in 1770. In September 1771 he changed ships and served on HMS Crescent. At 21 (17 March 1776) he was made the master of Captain James Cook's ship, the Resolution, part of Cook's third and final voyage. Bligh got back to England in 1780. He left the Royal Navy and worked as a captain in the merchant navy from 1783 to 1787.
In 1787 Bligh became leader of a small expedition to be sent to Tahiti to get breadfruit trees. These would be planted in the West Indies as food for the slaves. The Bounty left Tahiti loaded with breadfruit trees on 4 April 1789. Three weeks later, a seaman named Fletcher Christian led a mutiny (take over) of the ship. Christian wanted to go back to Tahiti. This event is called the Mutiny on the Bounty. Bligh and 18 seamen were put into a small boat, with little food or water, four swords, a sextant, a pocket watch, but no map. They were able to get to Batavia (now Jakarta), a distance of 6701 km, in 47 days. Bligh finally got back to England in March, 1790. He wrote a book about the mutiny called A Narrative of the Mutiny on board His Majesty's Ship "Bounty".
In August 1791 Bligh set out again to get breadfruit trees. He was also told to find out more about Torres Strait, between Australia and New Guinea. He took two ships, the Providence and the Assistant, getting back to England in August 1793.
Bligh spent the next 10 years in the Royal Navy. In March 1805 he was given the job of Governor of New South Wales. He left England in February 1806 and arrived in Sydney in August. One of his jobs was to control the supply of alcohol into the young colony. In Sydney at this time, alcohol was used as a form of money, which caused a lot of unrest among the settlers. The army officers and several other people in New South Wales had a monopoly on bringing alcohol into the country. They were very angry with Bligh because he tried to control their alcohol business.
The officers started legal actions against Bligh who then had one of the settlers John Macarthur arrested for sedition (trying to start a rebellion against the government). One of the soldiers, Major George Johnston, let Macarthur out of jail, and on 26 January 1808, he led the army to Government House and put Bligh under arrest. The army then took over the government. This became known as the Rum Rebellion. After one year Bligh was released on the condition that he went back to England. He agreed, but then sailed to Hobart to try and get help from Colonel David Collins who was the Lieutenant-Governor of Tasmania. Collins did not offer help and Bligh remained in Hobart for another year.
The British government sent out a new governor, Lachlan Macquarie. Bligh and Major Johnston went back to London, arriving on 25 October 1810. In the legal action all the charges against Bligh were found not to be true, and Johnston was found to be guilty. Johnson was sacked from the army, and in 1811 Bligh was made a Rear-Admiral, and later a Vice-Admiral. He retired to Kent. Bligh died on a visit to London on 7 December 1817.
↑ A Narrative of the Mutiny on board His Majesty's Ship Bounty . Access date 28/6/2008.
This page was last changed on 18 August 2018, at 02:37.
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0.972419 |
AI:Boko Haram kills 60 in Borno - The Liberty Times™ Nigeria | @TLTNEWS247 Where the world listens to the Nigerian voice!
Amnesty International yesterday alleged that about 60 people were killed following the January 28 attack by the Boko Haram insurgents on Rann, a border town in Borno State.
Investigations had revealed that Boko Haram militants had arrived at the small border town of Rann around 9 a.m. that morning, according to Amnesty International reports, slaughtering civilians and setting houses ablaze. Director of Amnesty International (Nigeria), Osai Ojigho, who confirmed the development, said the organization also analyzed satellite imagery which shows hundreds of burned structures in the town. Many of the destroyed structures only date back to 2017, suggesting they were shelters for internally displaced people who came to Rann seeking protection.
He said: “We have now confirmed that this week’s attack on Rann was the deadliest yet by Boko Haram, killing at least 60 people. Using satellite imagery we have also been able to confirm the mass burning of structures as Boko Haram unleashed a massive assault on Rann, most of which is now destroyed.
“This attack on civilians who have already been displaced by the bloody conflict may amount to a possible war crime, and those responsible must be brought to justice. Disturbingly, witnesses told us that Nigerian soldiers abandoned their posts the day before the attack, demonstrating the authorities’ utter failure to protect civilians.” It was also alleged that the withdrawal of troops triggered a massive exodus of civilians to Cameroon, as fear spread that Boko Haram would take advantage and attack the town. At 9 a.m. on January 28, a group of Boko Haram fighters arrived on motorcycles. They set houses ablaze and killed those left behind. They also chased after those who attempted to escape and killed some people outside the town. Eleven bodies were found within Rann town, and 49 bodies were found outside. Amnesty International was informed that about 50 people have not been accounted for.
Those who took part in the burial explained what they saw. According to an eyewitness: “Ten of us (Civilian Joint Task Force) came from Cameroon to Rann for the burial. When we arrived, we found and buried 11 corpses within the town, but the soldiers told us that they buried several others yesterday (30 January) who had decayed. Outside the town, we recovered and buried 49 dead bodies all with gunshot wounds.
Aid agencies have reported that some 30,000 civilians have fled for the border with Cameroon in recent days, joining a further 9,000 who fled Boko Haram’s previous attack on Rann on 14 January, Amnesty International analyzed satellite images from January 30, 2019 showing hundreds of structures burned in the east, south, and southeast of Rann. Environmental sensors detected fires in the area on 28 and 29 January. In the January 14 attack, Boko Haram burned well over 100 structures in other areas of Rann. These two recent attacks have left most of the town heavily damaged or destroyed. Amnesty International is calling on Nigerian authorities to investigate the alleged withdrawal of security forces of the Multi-National Joint Task Force (MNJTF) from Rann, which may have left tens of thousands of civilians exposed to this latest deadly attack.
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0.999999 |
Seed the aggregate onto the surfaceThe most commonly used method is to seed the decorative aggregate onto the slab surface immediately after the concrete has been placed, struck off, and bull floated. This involves sprinkling the aggregate by hand or shovel uniformly onto the surface and then embedding it with a bull float or darby until it's completely covered by a thin layer of cement paste.
Mix the aggregate into the concreteYou can also have the ready-mix producer put the decorative aggregate right into the concrete mix during batching, which eliminates the step of seeding it onto the surface after concrete placement. However, depending on the cost of the aggregate you choose, this method can be more expensive than seeding because it requires using greater quantities of decorative aggregate.
Put the aggregate into a thin toppingAnother alternative is to place a thin topping course of concrete containing the decorative aggregate over a base slab of conventional concrete. The topping can range in thickness from 1 to 2 inches, depending on the aggregate size. This method generally works best when smaller decorative aggregates are specified.
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0.78145 |
The Railway Labor Act is a United States federal law that governs labor relations in the railroad and airline industries. The Act, passed in 1926 and amended in 1934 and 1936, seeks to substitute bargaining, arbitration and mediation for strikes as a means of resolving labor disputes. Its provisions were originally enforced under the Board of Mediation, but were later enforced under a National Mediation Board.
After the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, which was put down only with the intervention of federal troops, Congress passed the Arbitration Act of 1888, which authorized the creation of arbitration panels with the power to investigate the causes of labor disputes and to issue non-binding arbitration awards. The Act was a complete failure: only one panel was ever convened under the Act, and that one, in the case of the 1894 Pullman Strike, issued its report only after the strike had been ended by a federal court injunction backed by federal troops.
The Adamson Act, passed in 1916, provided workers with an eight hour day, at the same daily wage they had received previously for a ten hour day, and required time and a half pay for overtime work. Another law passed in the same year gave President Woodrow Wilson the power to "take possession of and assume control of any system of transportation" for transportation of troops and war material.
Wilson exercised that authority on December 26, 1917. While Congress considered nationalizing the railroads on a permanent basis after World War I, the Wilson administration announced that it was returning the railroad system to its owners. Congress tried to preserve, on the other hand, the most successful features of the federal wartime administration, the adjustment boards, by creating a Railroad Labor Board (RLB) with the power to issue non-binding proposals for the resolution of labor disputes, as part of the Esch–Cummins Act (Transportation Act of 1920).
The RLB soon destroyed whatever moral authority its decisions might have had in a series of decisions. In 1921 it ordered a twelve percent reduction in employees' wages, which the railroads were quick to implement. The following year, when shop employees of the railroads launched a national strike, the RLB issued a declaration that purported to outlaw the strike; the Department of Justice then obtained an injunction that carried out that declaration. From that point forward railway unions refused to have anything to do with the RLB.
The RLA was the product of negotiations between the major railroad companies and the unions that represented their employees. Like its predecessors, it relied on boards of adjustment, established by the parties, to resolve labor disputes, with a government-appointed Board of Mediation to attempt to resolve those disputes that board of adjustment could not. The RLA promoted voluntary arbitration as the best method for resolving those disputes that the Board of Mediation could not settle.
Congress strengthened these procedures in the 1934 amendments to the Act, which created a procedure for resolving whether a union had the support of the majority of employees in a particular "craft or class," while turning the Board of Mediation into a permanent agency, the National Mediation Board (NMB), with broader powers.
Congress extended the RLA to cover airline employees in 1936.
Unlike the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), which adopts a less interventionist approach to the way the parties conduct collective bargaining or resolve their disputes arising under collective bargaining agreements, the RLA specifies both (1) the negotiation and mediation procedures that unions and employers must exhaust before they may change the status quo, and (2) the methods for resolving "minor" disputes over the interpretation or application of collective bargaining agreements. The RLA permits strikes over major disputes only after the union has exhausted the RLA's negotiation and mediation procedures, while barring almost all strikes over minor disputes. The RLA also authorizes the courts to enjoin strikes if the union has not exhausted those procedures.
On the other hand, the RLA imposes fewer restrictions on the tactics that unions may use when they do have the right to strike. The RLA does not, unlike the NLRA, bar secondary boycotts against other RLA-regulated carriers; it may also permit employees to engage in other types of strikes, such as intermittent strikes, that might be unprotected under the NLRA.
The RLA categorizes all labor disputes as either "major" disputes, which concern the making or modification of the collective bargaining agreement between the parties, or "minor" disputes, which involve the interpretation or application of collective bargaining agreements. Unions can strike over major disputes only after they have exhausted the RLA's "almost interminable" negotiation and mediation procedures. They cannot, on the other hand, strike over minor disputes, either during the arbitration procedures or after an award is issued.
The federal courts have the power to enjoin a strike over a major dispute if the union has not exhausted the RLA's negotiation and mediation procedures. The Norris-LaGuardia Act dictates the procedures that the court must follow. Once the NMB releases the parties from mediation, however, they retain the power to engage in strikes or lockouts, even if they subsequently resume negotiations or the NMB offers mediation again.
The federal courts likewise have the power to enjoin a union from striking over arbitrable disputes. The court may, on the other hand, also require the employer to restore the status quo as a condition of any injunctive relief against a strike.
Carriers can lawfully replace strikers engaged in a lawful strike, but may not, however, discharge them, except for misconduct, or eliminate their jobs to retaliate against them for striking. It is not clear whether the employer can discharge workers for striking before exhausting all of the RLA's bargaining and mediation processes.
The employer must also allow strikers to replace replacements hired on a temporary basis and permanent replacements who have not completed the training required before they can become active employees. The employer may, on the other hand, allow less senior employees who crossed the picket line to keep the jobs they were given after crossing the line, even if the seniority rules in effect before the strike would have required the employer to reassign their jobs to returning strikers.
The NMB has the responsibility for conducting elections when a union claims to represent a carrier's employees. The NMB defines the craft or class of employees eligible to vote, which almost always extends to all of the employees performing a particular job function throughout the company's operations, rather than just those at a particular site or in a particular region.
A union seeking to represent an unorganized group of employees must produce signed and dated authorization cards or other proof of support from at least fifty percent of the craft or class. A party attempting to oust an incumbent union must produce evidence of support from a majority of the craft of class and then the NMB must conduct an election. If the employees are unrepresented and the employer agrees, the NMB may certify the union based on the authorization cards alone.
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0.9988 |
This article explain the conceptual and practical differences between mutable and immutable infrastructure including the advantages of using an immutable infrastructure and contextualize the complications.
In a traditional mutable server infrastructure, servers are continually updated and modified in place. Engineers and administrators working with this kind of infrastructure can SSH into their servers, upgrade or downgrade packages manually, tweak configuration files on a server-by-server basis, and deploy new code directly onto existing servers. In other words, these servers are mutable; they can be changed after they're created. Infrastructure comprised of mutable servers can itself be called mutable, traditional, or (disparagingly) artisanal.
An immutable infrastructure is another infrastructure paradigm in which servers are never modified after they're deployed. If something needs to be updated, fixed, or modified in any way, new servers built from a common image with the appropriate changes are provisioned to replace the old ones. After they're validated, they're put into use and the old ones are decommissioned.
The benefits of an immutable infrastructure include more consistency and reliability in your infrastructure and a simpler, more predictable deployment process. It mitigates or entirely prevents issues that are common in mutable infrastructures, like configuration drift and snowflake servers. However, using it efficiently often includes comprehensive deployment automation, fast server provisioning in a cloud computing environment, and solutions for handling stateful or ephemeral data like logs.
The most fundamental difference between mutable and immutable infrastructure is in their central policy: the components of the former are designed to be changed after deployment; the components of the latter are designed to remain unchanged and ultimately be replaced. This tutorial focuses on those components as servers, but there are other ways to implement an immutable infrastructure, like with containers, that apply the same high-level concepts.
To go into more depth, there are both practical and conceptual differences between server-based mutable and immutable infrastructures.
Conceptually speaking, the two kinds of infrastructure vary greatly in their approach to how servers should be treated (e.g. created, maintained, updated, destroyed). This is commonly illustrated with a "pets versus cattle" analogy.
Practically speaking, mutable infrastructure is a much older infrastructure paradigm that predates the core technologies, like virtualization and cloud computing, that make immutable infrastructures possible and practical. Knowing this history helps contextualize the conceptual differences between the two and the implications of using one or the other in modern day infrastructure.
Before virtualization and cloud computing became possible and widely available, server infrastructure was centered around physical servers. These physical servers were expensive and time-consuming to create; the initial setup could take days or weeks because of how long it took to order new hardware, configure the machine, and then install it in a colo or similar location.
Mutable infrastructure has its origins here. Because the cost of replacing a server was so high, it was most practical to keep using the servers you had running for as long as possible with as little downtime as possible. This meant there were a lot of in place changes for regular deployments and updates, but also for ad-hoc fixes, tweaks, and patches when something went wrong. The consequence of frequent manual changes is that servers can become hard to replicate, making each one a unique and fragile component of the overall infrastructure.
The advent of virtualization and on-demand/cloud computing represented a turning point in server architecture. Virtual servers were less expensive, even at scale, and they could be created and destroyed in minutes instead of days or weeks. This made new deployment workflows and server management techniques possible for the first time, like using configuration management or cloud APIs to provision new servers quickly, programmatically, and automatically. The speed and low cost of creating new virtual servers is what makes the immutability principle practical.
Traditional mutable infrastructures originally developed when the use of physical servers dictated what was possible in their management, and continued to develop as technology improved over time. The paradigm of modifying servers after deployment is still common in modern day infrastructure. In contrast, immutable infrastructures were designed from the start to rely on virtualization-based technologies for fast provisioning of architecture components, like cloud computing's virtual servers.
The fundamental conceptual change that cloud computing advanced was that servers could be considered disposable. It's prohibitively impractical to consider discarding and replacing physical servers, but with virtual servers, it's not only possible but easy and efficient to do so.
The servers in traditional mutable infrastructures were irreplaceable, unique systems that had to be kept running at all times. In this way, they were like pets: one of a kind, inimitable, and tended to by hand. Losing one could be devastating. The servers in immutable infrastructures, on the other hand, are disposable and easy to replicate or scale with automated tools. In this way, they're like cattle: one of many in a herd where no individual is unique or indispensable.
Another similar way of illustrating the implications of the difference between how servers are treated is with the concepts of snowflake servers and phoenix servers.
Snowflake servers are similar to pets. They are servers that are managed by hand, frequently updated and tweaked in place, leading to a unique environment. Phoenix servers are similar to cattle. They are servers that are always built from scratch and are easy to recreate (or "rise from the ashes") through automated procedures.
Immutable infrastructures are made almost entirely of cattle or phoenix servers, whereas mutable infrastructures allow some (or many) pets or snowflake servers. The next section discusses the implications of both.
To understand the advantages of immutable infrastructures, it's necessary to contextualize the disadvantages of mutable infrastructures.
Servers in mutable infrastructures can suffer from configuration drift, which is when undocumented, impromptu changes cause servers' configurations to become increasingly divergent from each other and from the reviewed, approved, and originally-deployed configuration. These increasingly snowflake-like servers are hard to reproduce and replace, making things like scaling and recovering from issues difficult. Even replicating issues to debug them becomes challenging because of the difficulty of creating a staging environment that matches the production environment.
The importance or necessity of a server's different configurations becomes unclear after many manual modifications, so updating or changing any of it may have unintended side effects. Even in the best case, making changes to an existing system isn't guaranteed to work, which means deployments that rely on doing so risk failing or putting the server into an unknown state.
With this in mind, the primary benefits of using an immutable infrastructure are deployment simplicity, reliability, and consistency, all of which ultimately minimize or eliminate many common pain points and failure points.
All deployments in an immutable infrastructure are executed by provisioning new servers based on a validated and version-controlled image. As a result, these deployments don't depend on the previous state of a server, and consequently can't fail — or only partially complete — because of it.
When new servers are provisioned, they can be tested before being put into use, reducing the actual deployment process to a single update to make the new server available, like updating a load balancer. In other words, deployments become atomic: either they complete successfully or nothing changes.
This makes deploying much more reliable and also ensures that the state of every server in the infrastructure is always known. Additionally, this process makes it easy to implement a blue-green deployment or rolling releases, meaning no downtime.
All configuration changes in an immutable infrastructure are implemented by checking an updated image into version control with documentation and using an automated, unified deployment process to deploy replacement servers with that image. Shell access to the servers is sometimes completely restricted.
This prevents complicated or hard-to-reproduce setups by eliminating the risk of snowflake servers and configuration drift. This also prevents situations where someone needs to modify a poorly-understood production server, which runs a high risk of error and causing downtime or unintended behavior.
Because all servers use the same creation process, there are no deployment edge cases. This prevents messy or inconsistent staging environments by making it trivial to duplicate the production environment, and also simplifies horizontal scaling by seamlessly allowing you to add more identical servers to your infrastructure.
Using version control to keep image history also helps with handling production issues. The same process that is used to deploy new images can also be used to roll back to older versions, adding additional resilience and reducing recovery time when handling downtime.
Immutable infrastructure comes with some requirements and nuance in its implementation details, especially compared to traditional mutable infrastructures.
Servers in a cloud computing environment, or another virtualized environment (like containers, though that changes some other requirements below). The key here is to have isolated instances with fast provisioning from custom images, as well as automated management for creation and destruction via an API or similar.
Full automation of your entire deployment pipeline, ideally including post-creation image validation. Setting up this automation adds significantly to the upfront cost of implementing this infrastructure, but it is a one-time cost which amortizes out quickly.
A service-oriented architecture, separating your infrastructure into modular, logically discrete units that communicate over a network. This allows you to take full advantage of cloud computing's offerings, which are similarly service-oriented (e.g. IaaS, PaaS).
A stateless, volatile application layer which includes your immutable servers. Anything here can get destroyed and rebuilt quickly at any time (volatile) without any loss of data (stateless).
Centralized logging with additional details about a server's deployment, like image identification via a version or Git commit SHA. Because servers are disposable (and frequently disposed of) in this infrastructure, storing logs and metrics externally allows debugging even when shell access is restricted or after a server has been destroyed.
External data stores for databases and any other stateful or ephemeral data, like DBaaS/cloud databases and object or block storage (either cloud-provided or self-managed). You can't rely on local storage when the servers are volatile, so you need to store that data elsewhere.
Dedication from engineering and operations teams to collaborate and commit to the approach. For all the simplicity of the end product, there are a lot of moving parts in an immutable infrastructure, and no one person will know all of it. Additionally, some aspects of working within this infrastructure can be new or outside of people's comfort zones, like debugging or doing one-off tasks without shell access.
There are many different ways to implement each of these components. Choosing one largely depends on personal preference and familiarity, and how much of your infrastructure you want to build yourself versus relying on a paid service.
CI/CD tools can be a good place to start for deployment pipeline automation; Compose is an option for a DBaaS solution; rsyslog and ELK are popular choices for centralized logging; Netflix's Chaos Monkey, which randomly kills servers in your production environment, is a real trial by fire for your final setup.
This article covered what immutable infrastructure is, the conceptual and practical differences between it and older-style mutable infrastructure, the advantages of using it, and details on its implementation.
Knowing if or when you should consider moving to an immutable infrastructure can be difficult, and there's no one clearly defined cutoff or inflection point. One way to begin is to implement some of the design practices recommended in this article, like configuration management, even if you're still working in a largely mutable environment. This will make a transition to immutability easier in the future.
If you have an infrastructure with most of the components above and you find yourself hitting scaling issues or feeling frustrated with the clunkiness of your deployment process, that can be a good time to start evaluating how an immutability could improve your infrastructure.
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0.978537 |
New software products take a lot of time and money to develop and market. Accordingly, it is important to discourage competitors from selling similar products, and software pirates from selling "knock-off" copies. This can be done proactively by obtaining copyright registrations and patents for software programs.
In years past, copyright registrations were the primary means for protect ing software, in part because the Patent Office had few patent examiners skilled in computer science, and because it was unclear if software was suitable for patenting. However, the extent to which copyright registrations were enforced would often depend on the particular judge's technical expertise and how the judge felt about the software. For example, in Manufacturing Technologies, Inc. v. CAMS, Inc., 706 F.Supp. 984 (D. Conn. 1989),an early software infringement case successfully handled by Holland & Bonzagni, the court found that the plaintiff's screen displays were "creative" and "expressive," and, therefore, protected under copyright. Another judge might very well have thought differently.
Back then, copyright was the only available system for protecting software. In fact, the Patent Office refused to issue patents for software, since the Patent Office did not have Examiners with backgrounds in computer science.
Now, the Patent Office is better equipped to handle software-related patent applications, and, in fact, the federal courts have recently reaffirmed that software is patentable. Accordingly, because patents offer broader protection than copyrights (i.e., patents protect the idea behind an invention), they are the preferred means for protecting software.
To patent a software-related invention in the U.S., a patent application has to be filed before offering to sell the software and within a year of any public disclosure of the software. In almost all other countries, an application has to be filed (either in the U.S. or directly in the foreign country) before publicly disclosing or using, the software, and before offering to sell or license the software. Thus, to preserve foreign patent filing options, a patent application should be filed before the software is marketed or sold.
In the United States, there are two main types of patent applications: "regular" applications and "provisional" applications. Regular applications are substantively reviewed by the Patent Office and can eventually mature into patents, but have many formal requirements (e.g., formal drawings, and a set of "claims" which define the scope of patent protection) and can be expensive. Accordingly, where a software product is not yet commercially successful, a provisional patent application, which has few formal requirements and costs significantly less, should be filed. While a provisional application cannot issue as a patent, it gives the applicant one year to market and sell a software product before having to proceed with filing foreign and regular U.S. applications, and without losing the right to do so.
As shown in FIG. 1, the system includes: (i) a remote computer 10 running a telescope interface program 12; (ii) a server computer 14; and (iii) a computer-controllable telescope 16 with a CCD camera 18. The remote computer 10 communicates with the server computer 14 over the Internet 20.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing how the telescope interface program 12 operates.
First, in Step 100, the program 12 prompts the user to input a set of night-sky coordinates. In Step 102, once the requested data is entered, the program 12 establishes a connection to the server computer 14 over the Internet 20 and transmits the coordinates.
Once a provisional application has been filed at the Patent Office, the software can be freely marketed, sold, and marked "Patent Pending." Then, within the next year, if the software looks commercially promising, a regular U.S. patent application and foreign applications can be prepared and filed. These applications will have "priority" from the original filing date, i.e., as if they had been filed when the provisional application was filed.
After filing, a regular application goes through the examination process at the Patent Office, and, assuming the invention is patentable, issues as a patent. Because of a recent increase in the number of software-related patent applications, this can take several years in addition to the one year for the provisional application.
While patents provide the broadest protection, copyright registrations discourage exact copying, and are much quicker and less expensive to obtain. Accordingly, copyright registrations are recommended for all programs, and are an excellent source of supplemental protection for patented software.
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0.944086 |
Why not `raise' and `rescue'?
At some point every apprentice is tempted to look for a quick escape from a self-painted corner. The apprentice sees the trap of her own making at the bottom of many nested methods or loops. "I know!" she thinks. "I'll jump out with an exception!"
But therein lies danger: exceptions are meant to be quite literal. One should raise an exception under exceptional circumstances, and only then. The temptation to use exceptions to move about the code is one we all experience; don't worry. But that doesn't make it any less wrong. "Moving about the code" is known in fancy circles as "flow control." Your tools for flow control include if (and its friends, unless and else), Enumerable#each, for, method calls, and the like.
The reason not to use exceptions for flow control isn't simply one of semantics, either. Exceptions are designed to provide you, the programmer, with as much information as possible about what went wrong (since they imply a failure). To do this, Ruby's exception system figures out all the methods you called to get where you are -- and this is slow. Control flow code should be fast. Exceptions are slow. One more reason to do things correctly.
...and how do we do things correctly? In the Ruby world, throw and catch are an option. Of course, "doing things correctly" is always philosophical and subjective -- but we can pontificate a bit more after a few examples.
Notice that even though we found a gummy on the fourth tile, we still checked all the remaining tiles, totally nine attempts.
throw and catch can save us this extra work by "jumping out" of the two loops. This is the canonical example because it's easy to see that a simple break statement would only escape the inner loop.
We tell catch what symbol it should capture from the throw (in this case, :found. These need to match.
throw works much like return, in that no code after it is ever executed.
throw requires a catch to pair with it. Try removing the catch and see what happens!
There's one more feature of catch that we can exploit to make this code a little more concise. throw accepts both an identifying symbol and a return value; the matching catch will return this value. Notice that this allows us to declare candy directly.
As always, there's more than one way to pet a cat. But sometimes you'll pet the cat in a way he doesn't like and an arm covered in scratches is your reward. throw and catch are not common in Ruby code. More often than not, there's a solution which is not only simpler but easier to follow. One such solution, which mimics the behaviour we saw in the last example, is to use the return value of a function in place of the return value of a catch. The throw approach expresses more intent than exceptions, as discussed earlier. The approach of using a function expresses even more intent because we're forcing ourselves to give this operation a name.
Change the last example to return the found tile from a method called search, instead. search should receive the floor plan as a parameter.
Try replacing the 'catch' line with a method definition and the 'throw' line with a 'return'.
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0.999842 |
It’s not a great day to be an Xbox One owner.
Machinima, Inc., the vintage video game site that morphed into a cross-platform online juggernaut, must now disclose when it compensated "influencers" on YouTube for promoting products without explicitly saying that the ad was paid for, thanks to a Federal Trade Commission order.
According to an FTC complaint from 2015, Machinima, Inc. paid "influencers" to post YouTube videos promoting the Xbox One and several games. Machinima, Inc. reportedly called these "influencer campaigns," but the FTC preferred the label "deceptive advertising." According to the complaint, two of these influencers were paid $15,000, and $30,000, respectively.
Now, after the FTC's comment period has closed, the final order for Machinima, Inc. prevents the company from passing paid campaigns off as objective opinions from influencers, and requires it to inform all influencers of their duty to inform their audience about the nature of the promotion.
It's no secret that Microsoft's Xbox One has seen better days. As the console continues to be outstripped by the competition in terms of sales, Microsoft has tried all sorts of things to boost lagging numbers: making the system compatible with Xbox 360 games, for example, and allowing players to game online with Playstation 4 owners—Xbox One's main competition.
The FTC also found Microsoft and its advertising firm, Starcom, to be responsible for the lack of disclosure in Machinima, Inc.'s influencer campaigns, but ultimately decided that the lapses were isolated incidents. The FTC requires social media users to disclose when they are being compensated to advertise a product in any way.
As a casual gamer and Xbox One owner, none of this is making me feel any better about my choice in console.
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0.993602 |
How can I use PPC to target audience when the keywords are generally used by other type of solution?
Use the ad headline/body copy to qualify them. Your ad copy should clearly mention that you are not about the other solution. This will make those who are not your ideal customers to not click your ads. Thus it automatically will segment the audience.
Make sure your landing page captures the visitor's email, and also you have an email series ready to educate them. You can use something like Infusionsoft or MailChimp to set up your automation program.
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0.959278 |
The Tupolev Tu-22M (Russian: Туполев Ту-22М; NATO reporting name: Backfire) is a supersonic, variable-sweep wing, long-range strategic and maritime strike bomber developed by the Tupolev Design Bureau. According to some sources, the bomber was believed to be designated Tu-26 at one time. During the Cold War, the Tu-22M was operated by the Soviet Air Forces (VVS) in a strategic bombing role, and by the Soviet Naval Aviation (Aviacija Vojenno-Morskogo Flota, AVMF) in a long-range maritime anti-shipping role. Significant numbers remain in service with the Russian Air Force, and as of 2014 more than 100 Tu-22Ms are in use.
In 1962, with the introduction of the Tu-22, it became increasingly clear that the aircraft was inadequate in its role as a bomber. In addition to widespread unserviceability and maintenance issues, the Tu-22's handling characteristics proved to be dangerous. Its landing speed was some 100abbr=onNaNabbr=on greater than previous bombers and it had a tendency to pitch up and strike its tail upon landing. It was difficult to fly, and had poor all-round visibility. In 1962, Tupolev commenced work on major update of the Tu-22. Initially, the bureau planned to add a variable-sweep wing and uprated engines into the updated design. The design was tested at TsAGI's wind tunnels at Zhukovsky.
During this time, Sukhoi, traditionally a designer of fighter aircraft, developed the T-4, a four-engine titanium aircraft with canards. A response to the XB-70, it was to have a cruise speed of 3200abbr=onNaNabbr=on, requiring a massive research effort in order to develop the requisite technologies. Not to be outdone, Tupolev, whose expertise is with bombers, offered the Soviet Air Force (Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily, VVS) a massively-updated version of the Tu-22.
Compared to the T-4, it was an evolutionary design, and thus its appeal laid in its simplicity and low cost. However, the Soviet government was skeptical about the need to approve the development of a replacement aircraft so soon after the Tu-22 had just entered service. The Air Force and Tupolev, in order to save face with regards to the Tu-22's operational deficiencies and to stave off criticisms from the ICBM lobby, agreed to pass off the design as an update of the Tu-22 in their discussions with the government. The aircraft was designated Tu-22M, given the OKB code "Aircraft 45", and an internal designation of "AM". Their effort was successful as the government approved the design on 28 November 1967, and decreed the development of the aircraft's main weapon, the Kh-22. The T-4 itself would make its first flight in 1972, but was later cancelled.
US intelligence had been aware of the existence of the aircraft since 1969, and the first satellite photograph of the bomber would be taken in 1970. The existence of the aircraft was a shock to US intelligence as Nikita Khrushchev, who had been the Soviet premier up to 1964, was adamant that ICBMs would render the bomber obsolete.
As in the case of its contemporaries, the MiG-23 and Su-17 projects, the advantages of variable-sweep wing (or "swing wing") seemed attractive, allowing a combination of short take-off performance, efficient cruising, and good high-speed, low-level flight. The result was a new swing wing aircraft named Samolyot 145 (Aeroplane 145), derived from the Tupolev Tu-22, with some features borrowed from the abortive Tu-98. The Tu-22M was based on the Tu-22's weapon system and used its Kh-22 missile. The Tu-22M designation was used to help get approval for the bomber within the Soviet military and government system.
The Tu-22M designation was used by the Soviet Union during the SALT II arms control negotiations, creating the impression that it was a modification of the Tu-22. Some suggested that the designation was deliberately deceptive, and intended to hide the Tu-22M's performance. Other sources suggest the "deception" was internal to make it easier to get budgets approved. According to some sources, the Backfire-B/C production variants were believed to be designated Tu-26 by Russia, although this is disputed by many others. The US State and Defense Departments have used the Tu-22M designation for the Backfire.
Production of all Tu-22M variants totalled 497 including pre-production aircraft.
In 2014, Russian aerospace expert Piotr Butowski estimated there were seven squadrons of Tu-22Ms in service, each with approximately 10 aircraft, stationed at three airbases; 40 at Belaya airbase in southeastern Siberia, 28 at Shaykovka airbase southwest of Moscow, and 10 at Dyagilevo airbase in Ryazan southeast of Moscow which serves as the training unit for the bomber. With the deletion of the aircraft's in-flight refueling capability due to the START I treaty, the Tu-22M's internal fuel capacity limits its operational range from its home bases to only around Russia's immediate sphere of influence.
The two prototypes Tu-22M0 were delivered to Long Range Aviation's 42nd Combat Training Centre at Dyagilevo air base, near Ryazan, in February 1973. The aircraft began practice sorties in March. Within 20 days of the aircraft's delivery, the air and ground crew at the air base had received their type ratings; this was helped by their earlier training at Tupolev, the Gromov Flight Research Institute and the Kazan plant. In June that year, the aircraft were demonstrated to Soviet government officials, destroying tanks and armoured personnel carriers.
The Tu-22M was first unveiled in 1980 during the aircraft's participation in a major Warsaw Pact exercise. During the exercise, naval Tu-22M2s conducted anti-ship operations by mining parts of the Baltic Sea to simulate an amphibious landing. The exercise was extensively covered by the press and TV media. In June 1981, four Tu-22Ms were intercepted and photographed by Norwegian aircraft flying over the Norwegian Sea.
The first simulated attack by the Tu-22M against a NATO carrier group occurred between 30 September and 1 October 1982. Eight aircraft locked onto the U.S. task forces of USS Enterprise and USS Midway which were operating in the North Pacific. They came within 120abbr=onNaNabbr=on of the task forces. The reaction of the U.S. Navy was thought to have been restrained during this event so as to allow the observation of the Tu-22M's tactics. The bomber also made attempts to test Japan's air defense boundary on several occasions.
The Tu-22M was first used in combat in Afghanistan. It was deployed December 1987 to January 1988, during which the aircraft flew strike missions in support of the Soviet Army's attempt to relieve the Mujahideens' siege against the city of Khost. Two squadrons of aircraft from the 185th GvBAP based at Poltava were deployed to Maryy-2 air base in Turkmenistan. Capable of dropping large tonnages of conventional ordnance, the aircraft bombed enemy forts, bases and material supplies. In October 1988, the aircraft was again deployed against the Mujahideen. Sixteen Tu-22M3s were used to provide cover to Soviet forces that were pulling out of the country. The Tu-22Ms were tasked with destroying paths of access to Soviet forces, attacking enemy forces at night to prevent regrouping, and to attack incoming supplies from Iran and Pakistan. Working alongside 30 newly arrived MiG-27s, the aircraft also flew missions aimed at relieving the besieged city of Kandahar. The aircraft had its last Afghan operation in January 1989 at Salang pass.
At the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, 370 remained in Commonwealth of Independent States service. Production ended in 1993.
The Russian Federation used the Tu-22M3 in combat in Chechnya during 1995, performing strikes near Grozny.
The Russian military acknowledged the loss of a Tu-22MR recon aircraft to Georgian air defences early in the 2008 South Ossetia war. One of its crew members was captured (Major Vyacheslav Malkov), two others were killed and the crew commander, Lt. Col. Aleksandr Koventsov, was missing in action as late as November 2011.
On Good Friday night, 29 March 2013, two Tu-22M3 bombers were flying in international airspace in a simulated attack on Sweden. The Swedish air defense failed to respond. Two Tu-22Ms flew supersonic over the Baltic Sea on 24 March 2015. Two Tu-22Ms approached Öland in international airspace on 21 May 2015. The Swedish Air Force sent two Saab JAS 39 Gripen fighters to mark their presence. On 4 July 2015, two Tu-22Ms approached the Swedish island of Gotland without violating its airspace, followed by Swedish and other fighter aircraft.
On 17 November 2015, as part of its air campaign in Syria, Russia used 12 Tu-22M3 bombers to hit targets in Syria, along with cruise missiles fired from the Mediterranean and Tu-95 and Tu-160 strategic bombers. 22–31 January 2016, Tu-22M3s reportedly conducted 42 sorties performing airstrikes in the vicinity of Deir ez-Zor city. On the morning of 12 July 2016, six Tu-22M3 bombers carried out a concentrated attack using high-explosive ammunition on Daesh targets east of Palmyra, Al-Sukhnah and Arak. On 14 July, six Tu-22M3 bombers having taken off from their base airfields in Russia delivered another massive strike on the newly detected IS facilities in the areas east of Palmyra, as well as in Al-Sukhnah, Arak and the T-3 oil pumping station in the province of Homs. New raids were conducted on 21 July, 8 August, 11 August, 14 August 2016.
On 16 August 2016, the bombers began to fly missions in Syria using Iran′s Hamedan Airbase.
The Tupolev company has sought export customers for the Tu-22M since 1992, with possible customers including Iran, India and the People's Republic of China, but no sales have apparently been made. Unlike the Tu-22 bomber, Tu-22Ms were not exported to Middle East countries that were threatened by the US military presence in the region. During 2001, India signed a lease-to-buy contract for four Tu-22M aircraft for maritime reconnaissance and strike purposes. At the time, the aircraft were expected to be delivered with Raduga Kh-22 cruise missiles. The aircraft were not delivered to India.
In January 2013, reports emerged that China had signed a purchase agreement for the production and delivery of 36 Tu-22M3s, under the Chinese designation of H-10, with many components to be manufactured domestically in China under a technology transfer agreement with Russia and Tupolev. Sales of the Russian-built Raduga Kh-22 long-range anti-ship missile and the fleet's intended use as a maritime strike platform have also been speculated upon. Rosoboronexport has reportedly denied any sales or negotiations with China regarding the Tu-22M.
Earliest pre-production variant, 9 were produced.
Pilot-production aircraft, 9 were produced in 1971 and 1972. Its NATO reporting name was Backfire-A.
The first major production version, entering production in 1972, was the Tu-22M2 (NATO: Backfire-B), with longer wings and an extensively redesigned, area ruled fuselage (raising the crew complement to four), twin NK-22 engines (215 kN thrust each) with F-4 Phantom II-style intake ramps, and new undercarriage with the main landing gear in the wing glove rather than in large pods. 211 Tu-22M2 were built from 1972 into 1983. The Tu-22M2 had a top speed of Mach 1.65 and was armed most commonly with long-range cruise missiles/anti-ship missiles, typically one or two Raduga Kh-22 anti-shipping missiles. Some Tu-22M2s were later reequipped with more powerful NK-23 engines and redesignated Tu-22M2Ye.
Tu-22M3s used to attack targets in Syria underwent modernization, during which the SVP-24 specialized computing subsystems were installed on them, significantly increased the accuracy of the bombing. 5 modernized aircraft entered service in 2015, 2 more in 2017. One more in 2018.
Several Tu-22M3s, perhaps 12, were converted to Tu-22M3(R) or Tu-22MR standard with Shompol side looking airborne radar and other ELINT equipment.
Tu-22M3 for the Russian Air Force with engines from Tu-160M2 (NK-32-02), upgraded avionics (SVP-24-22 bombsights, a NV-45 radar and an improved cockpit) and the ability to use precision air-to-surface weapons. Prior to 2020 it is planned to upgrade 30 Tu-22M3 with new hardware components and adapted for the extended range weapons. Can carry 4 Kh-47M2 Kinzhal or 3 Kh-32 missiles. The first flight is scheduled for August 2018.
Russian Air Force – 63 are in service as of 2018.
Russian Naval Aviation Tu-22M3s of the Northern Fleet and Pacific Fleet were transferred to the Russian Air Force in 2011.
Soviet Air Force aircraft were transferred to Russian and Ukrainian Air Forces after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
106th Heavy Bomber Aviation Division – Pryluky Air Base, Chernihiv Oblast had 20 Tu-22M3s from 1993 to 2000.
13th Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Division – Poltava Air Base, Poltava Oblast had 18 Tu-22M3 in 1991. The last bombers were scrapped in January 2006.
22nd Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Division – Stryi Air Base, Lviv Oblast it had 18 Tu-22M3 as of 1991. The aircraft were transfarred to Pryluky Air Base in 1993.
540th Instructor-Research Maritime Missile Aviation Regiment had 29 Tu-22M2/M3 as of 1992. All Tu-22M2s were put in storage in the early 1990s and scrapped from November 2002 to July 2004.
1 Tu-22M3 and 1 Tu-22M2 in the Museum of Long Range Aviation in Poltava.
On 9 August 2008, a Tu-22M3 was shot down in South Ossettia by the Buk-M1 surface-to-air-missile system during the 5 day Russo-Georgian War. Three of the four crew members were killed.
On 16 September 2017, a Tu-22M3 overran the runway at Shaykovka Air Base due to the aborted take off. The aircraft was written off. All four crew members survived without injury.
Donald, David, ed. "Tupolev Tu-22M". The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Barnes & Noble Books, 1997. .
Frawley, Gerald. "Tupolev Tu-22M". The International Directory of Military Aircraft, 2002/2003. Aerospace Publications, 2002. .
Gordon, Yefim; Rigmant, Vladimir; Komissarov, Dmitri (1999). Tupelov Tu-22 Blinder Tu-22M Backfire: Russia's Long Range Supersonic Bombers. Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing. .
Kandalov, Andrei; Duffy, Paul (1996). Tupolev – The Man and His Aircraft: The Man and His Aircraft. Society of Automotive Engineers. .
Taylor, J.W.R. (ed.) Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1980–81. London: Jane's Publishing, 1980. .
Wilson, Stewart (2000). Combat Aircraft since 1945. Fyshwick, Australia: Aerospace Publications. .
The product «45-03». Technical manual.
Web site: Hoyle. Craig. Kings of the swingers: Top 13 swing-wing aircraft. Flightglobal. 26 September 2014. 27 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140927223525/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/kings-of-the-swingers-top-13-swing-wing-aircraft-404176/. 27 September 2014. no.
Kandalov & Duffy 1996, p. 124.
Gordon, Rigmant & Komissarov 1999, p. 51.
Gordon, Rigmant & Komissarov 1999, pp. 51–52.
Gordon, Rigmant & Komissarov 1999, p. 52.
Kandalov & Duffy 1996, p. 158.
Eden, Paul, ed. Tupolev Tu-22/22M". Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft. London: Amber Books, 2004. .
Web site: Tu-22M BACKFIRE (TUPOLEV). FAS.org. 24 November 2015.
https://warisboring.com/russias-backfire-bomber-is-back-2618703120b7#.ffnmydcnq Russia’s Backfire Bomber Is Back!
Gordon, Rigmant & Komissarov 1999, p. 81.
Gordon, Rigmant & Komissarov 1999, p. 82.
News: Military Exercises on Soviet-Bloc TV. New York Times. 14 September 1980. A5.
News: Soviet planes photographed. The Globe and Mail. 15 June 1981. 14.
Backfires attack US carriers. 14–20 November 1982. Flight International. Surrey, UK. IPC Transport Press. 3837. 122. 1480. 0015-3710.
Gordon, Rigmant & Komissarov 1999, pp. 83–84.
USSR Uses Backfires, MiG-27s to Attack Afghan Mujahedeen. Aviation Week & Space Technology. New York. Penton Media. 129. 19. 7 November 1988. 21. 0005-2175.
News: Soviets Add Missiles in Afghan War. Moseley. Ray. Chicago Tribune. 2 November 1988. 16.
Gordon, Rigmant & Komissarov 1999, p. 84.
Velovich. Alexander. Spares deficit grounds Tu-22s. Flight International. London, UK. Reed Business Information. 4279. 140. 7–13 August 1991. 17. 0015-3710.
Velovich. Alexander. Soviet AF wanted Tupolev prosecuted over Blackjack. Flight International. London, UK. Reed Business Information. 4292. 140. 6–12 November 1991. 21. 0015-3710.
Kramer, Andrew E. "Russia Resumes Patrols by Nuclear Bombers". The New York Times, 17 August 2007. Retrieved: 17 July 2010.
News: Sekretarev. Ivan. Russia starts Soviet-style bomber patrols. Winnipeg Free Press. 18 August 2007. 24 June 2015. yes. HighBeam Research.
Web site: Генштаб признал потерю двух самолетов в Южной Осетии. Russian. The General staff acknowledged the loss of two aircraft in South Ossetia. Lenta.ru. 9 August 2008. 9 August 2008.
Web site: Russia Resurgent: An Initial Look at Russian Military Performance in Georgia. Felix K.. Chang. 13 August 2008. 7 October 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081014233041/http://www.fpri.org/enotes/200808.chang.russiaresurgentgeorgia.html. 14 October 2008.
Web site: Маленькая бедоносная война. Russian. Little bedonosnaâ war. Moskovskij Komsomolets. 7 August 2009. 29 October 2009. yes. https://web.archive.org/web/20090811062535/http://www.mk.ru/politics/publications/331049.html. 11 August 2009.
Web site: RUSSIA/GEORGIA – Remains handed over by Georgia not of downed Russian pilot – source. Wikileaks. 24 November 2015.
News: Danish F-16s confronted Russian fighter jets approaching Sweden. The Copenhagen Post. April 23, 2013. no. https://web.archive.org/web/20141019173930/http://cphpost.dk/news/danish-f-16s-confronted-russian-fighter-jets-approaching-sweden.5052.html. October 19, 2014.
Ryskt flyg övade anfall mot Sverige. Swedish. Russian aircraft practiced attacks on Sweden. Svenska Dagbladet. 22 April 2013. Mikael. Holmström. 24 November 2015.
News: Cenciotti. David. Russian Tu-22 bomber scares NATO air defenses flying at supersonic speed over the Baltic Sea for the first time. The Aviationist. 24 March 2015. 24 November 2015.
News: Cenciotti. David. Ryskt agerande tvingar MP till vägval. Swedish. Russian action forces the MP to choices. Svenska Dagbladet. 21 May 2015. 24 November 2015.
News: de la Reguera. Eric. Ryska bombplan nära Gotland. Swedish. Russian bombers near Gotland. Dagens Nyheter. 4 July 2015. 24 November 2015.
News: Russian Warplanes Destroy 140 Terrorist Targets in Syria. 17 November 2015. Sputnik. 24 November 2015.
News: 25 Russian long-range strategic bombers in action over Syria for the very first time. David. Cenciotti. 17 November 2015. The Aviationist. 24 November 2015.
News: Syrian conflict: Russian bombers use Iran base for air strikes. 16 August 2016. BBC. 16 August 2016.
Web site: Tu-22M simulated attack on U.S. aircraft carriers during cold war. 21 September 2011. 21 September 2011. yes. https://web.archive.org/web/20111002231700/http://www.airforceworld.com/bomber/eng/tu22-supersonic-bomber-1.htm. 2 October 2011.
Web site: India Leases Backfire Bombers, Buys Aircraft Carrier. Sherman. K.. Journal of Electronic Defense. 1 April 2001. 12 June 2015. yes. HighBeam Research.
Book: Wirtz, James. Balance of Power. Stanford University Press. Stanford. 2004. 978-0-8047-5017-2.
Book: Chopra, VD. Significance of Indo-Russian Relations in 21st Century. Gyan Publishing. 2008. 978-0-8047-5017-2. 130.
News: China buys Russian bombers. SpaceDaily.com. 23 January 2013. 24 November 2015.
News: Cenciotti. David. Richard. Clements. China's Buying A Fleet Of Russian Bombers Perfect For Taking On The US Navy. Business Insider. 20 January 2013. 24 November 2015.
News: Никаких переговоров с Китаем о поставке бомбардировщиков Ту-22М3 не велось и не ведётся – "Рособоронэкспорт.. Russian. No talks with China on supplying Tu-22M3 bombers was not and is not-"Rosoboronexport". ITAR-TASS News Agency. 24 January 2013. 24 November 2015.
Web site: The Tupolev Tu-22 "Blinder" & Tu-22M "Backfire". www.airvectors.net. 2016-09-15.
Web site: Tupolev Tu-22M3 Backfire C Bomber – Missile Carrier. Kopp. Carlo. August 1, 2009. Air Power Australia.
Web site: Greg. Goebel. The Tupolev Tu-22 "Blinder" & Tu-22M 'Backfire'. vectorsite.net. https://web.archive.org/web/20120305082952/http://www.vectorsite.net/avtu22.html. 5 March 2012.
Web site: Tupolev Tu-22M1. Riga Aviation Museum. 24 November 2015.
News: Russia brings into service modernized long-range bomber Tu-22M3. Tass. 4 June 2014. 24 November 2015.
News: В Национальном центре управления обороной проведен Единый день приемки военной продукции. Russian. At the National Centre for defence management held a single day of acceptance of military products. armstrade.org. 17 April 2015. 24 November 2015.
Web site: Quality building-up in the Russian Armed Forces. eng.itogi2015.mil.ru. 2016-09-15. yes. https://web.archive.org/web/20160629084145/http://eng.itogi2015.mil.ru/quality2015. 2016-06-29.
News: Ту-22М3 сделают убийцу ЕвроПРО Ради высокоточной ракеты бомбардировщику поменяют всю электронику. Russian. Tu-22M3 aircraft will make a Europro killer for the sake of precision bomber missile defense shield will change all electronics. VPK. 7 February 2012. 24 November 2015.
News: Tupolev-22M3M long-range bomber to make first flight in August. TASS. 25 April 2018. 28 April 2018.
Web site: 185th Guards Kirovogradsko-Budapeshtskiy Red Banner Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment. www.ww2.dk. 19 February 2018.
Web site: Украина ликвидировала последний бомбардировщик. Russian. Ukraine eliminated the last bomber. korrespondent.net. 27 January 2006. 19 February 2018.
Web site: 260th orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment. www.ww2.dk. 19 February 2018.
Web site: 540th Instructor-Research Maritime Missile Aviation Regiment. www.ww2.dk. 19 February 2018.
Web site: Музей дальней авиации. Russian. Museum of long-range aviation. doroga.ua. 24 November 2015.
Web site: Грузия передала России тела штурманов сбитого Ту-22М3. lenta.ru. Russian. 16 September 2008. 2 October 2017.
Web site: Самолет Ту-22 выкатился с полосы в Калужской области. iz.ru. Russian. 16 September 2017. 1 October 2017.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Tupolev Tu-22M".
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What different glass etching techniques are there?
All of the possible visual effects you can achieve by abrasive blasting on glass can be broken down into 3 major techniques: surface etching, carving and shading.
Surface etching: So named because you are only etching the surface of the glass. In addition, this type of etching is all done in one stage of blasting, which means that the designs produced are all 2 element designs. That is, all the designs are positive and negative, or black and white.
The etched portions of the design almost always look white, and the clear, unetched portions of the design look black or dark. All etched elements have to be separated by spaces of unetched glass, or the etched elements blend together as a single silhouette, with no detail inside the border.
Surface etching is the easiest technique to learn and the fastest way to produce a finished etching on glass. The etched designs aren't as sophisticated as those from carving or shading.
Carving: Called carving because you actually blast, or carve, deep into the glass, giving a three dimensional etching. There are several types of carving, including single stage, two stage, multi-stage, and freehand carving. Single stage carving is simply blasting a surface etching design deeply into the glass, separating elements with clear spaces, as in surface etching. With two stage or multi-stage carving, the resist is removed, not all at once, but a few elements at a time and in a definite sequence. This way, elements can be carved to different depths than the other elements they touch, yielding a 3-D bas relief carving. But not a regular bas relief, a reverse bas relief - since you are carving from one side of the glass and viewing the finished carving from the opposite (smooth) side! In other words, you are carving a hollow (or negative) shape in the glass that looks solid and positive from the smooth side.
Elements of a two stage or multi-stage carving design do not have to be separated from each other as they do in surface etching, because they are removed at different times and blasted to different depths. These different depths are what give the necessary visual separation between elements.
A combination of multi-stage shading and multi-stage carving is used in this piece. The shading is obvious because the elements are different shades of gray, especially where they touch.(Design and execution by Heather Mathews, Heather Glass; from Glass Etching: Techniques & Designs, used by permission of the publisher) Shading: Like surface etching, this technique just blasts the surface of the glass. But unlike surface etching, the elements in the design are blasted to different apparent shades of gray (hence the name Shading), rather than to the solid white color produced in surface etching. The principle of shading is that 100% clear glass usually appears dark while full surface etching appears 100% white. So you can create shades of gray by etching the surface to a density less than 100%, and you control the shade by controlling the density. Shading, like carving, can be done in one stage, two stage, multi-stage, and freehand techniques.
Elements of the shading design can all touch, as they can with a carving design, because the visual separations between elements are created by the stage blasting process. In shading, this gives different shades of gray where elements touch rather than different depths as in carving. Shaded etching looks very much like airbrushing, with flowing tones of light and dark indicating shape and contour.
Combinations of techniques: Any etching can be produced with just one technique, but also by a combination of two or all three techniques. For glass etchers who know all three techniques, this gives the ability to do the best and most sophisticated etchings possible. It is the ability to use each technique for its strengths and avoid its weaknesses. You can also get beautiful results by combining etching with other glassworking techniques, like stained glass, glass blowing, etc.
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Do you want to stand out from the crowd and get ahead in the job market?
One way to stand out from the crowd is to take the route of either studying or working abroad. You may be thinking now: why study abroad and how will that impact on my employability? While working or studying abroad, you are continuously engaging in business practice that is not only increasing your international business cultural knowledge, but also enhancing your communication skills. Today every business is desperate for those employees who have skills and experience in working internationally.
An individual who spends a year abroad essentially refines problem solving and decision making skills. They also learn, improve and understand the importance of dialogue among people with different cultural backgrounds. Indeed an individual with these skills is an enormous asset for business, as such an individual reduces the chances of losing business deals. By studying and working abroad, you also develop linguistic, academic, professional, inter-cultural skills and personal development. By demonstrating various skills and understanding culture, students can show their ability to adapt to different environments.
The decision to study or work abroad brings with it an opportunity for you to integrate into different economic, social and political systems. By doing so you are showing self confidence, the ability to handle complex situations, reliability and independence.
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Brew a six-pack in less than an hour? Why not?
I’m a big fan of small batch brewing. It allows experimentation with less risk, provides a less expensive entry point for first-time brewers, and enables brewing in small spaces where a “full size” brewing setup is impractical.
One of the objections I hear the most about small batch brewing goes something like this: “Why would I spend the same amount of time brewing a six pack of beer that I spend in brewing two cases.” That objection stems from a misconception. Sure, mash rest times and boil times remain the same, but the time it takes to heat up water or wort and cool it down can be radically different.
In order to prove my assertion that small batch brewing can be a very fast and easy way to play with ingredients, I set out to see just how quickly I could brew a six-pack batch from pouring the water into the kettle to cleaning the last of the dishes.
There were two keys to my approach. I would use extract, and I would use the 15-minute pale ale technique to cut down time in the boil. Using no grain would mean no time in steeping or mashing. Adding lots of hops at the beginning of a short boil would result in a pale ale with nice bitterness and a ton of hop flavor and aroma.
Everything you need. Except yeast. And you don’t need the toaster.
Basically, you just need a pot to boil the wort and a jug to ferment it. You can’t get much simpler than that.
I wanted to measure the total time it took to brew this beer. So, my timer would start when I had all my equipment and ingredients laid out, and it would end when the last of the dishes were clean and set to dry.
I hit “start” on the stopwatch and measured the water into the brewpot. I put the gas burner on “high” and turned to the sink. While the water was heating, I mixed together my sanitizer solution and put my fermentation gear into it. Leaving that to soak for a couple of minutes, I turned back to the stove. By this time, the water was warming, so I poured in the dry malt extract, which had come from the local homebrew store in a handy one-pound bag.
It took 16 minutes for the wort to come up to a boil. At that time, I added ten grams of Simcoe pellets and started a 15-minute countdown timer. The hops came in a one-ounce packet (also handy). While the wort boiled, I set the sanitized gear on a paper towel on the counter to drain.
At the end of the boil, I added the balance of the one ounce of hops (18 grams) and turned the flame off. I ran cold water into the sink for an ice bath. The kettle sat in the cold water until the initial heat was lost – about two minutes. Then, I added the contents of my freezer’s ice maker to a fresh sink of cold water.
In my experience, wort cools faster if it’s in motion. So, I moved the kettle in the sink in a circular motion. Ten minutes later, according to my infrared thermometer, the wort had reached pitching temperature.
I dried the outside of the kettle and poured the wort (all of it) through the funnel into the fermenter. I added about a third of a packet of dry yeast, let it hydrate, then shook the jug to aerate. All that was left to do was the dishes.
Steve Wilkes expertly mans the auto-siphon.
Fermentation went along normally. I let the beer ferment for a week, and after the yeast dropped out of suspension, I decided to bottle. I asked my buddy, Steve, to help.
Bottling a small batch is a two-person job – or at lest that’s the way I do it. I have a small auto-siphon that is perfect for this sort of thing. I connect a hose to the auto-siphon and insert my bottling wand in the other end of the hose. One person is in charge of starting the siphon from the fermenter and making sure the end of the auto-siphon stays out of the trub. The other person handles delivering the beer into each bottle.
I like to prime small batches with priming sugar tablets. The ones I use are about the size of on aspirin. The manufacturer recommends four tablets per bottle for “standard” carbonation rates.
At the end of bottling, Steve an I had exactly six bottles of hoppy ale. By the way, the entire bottling process from start to finish, including cleanup, was around 30 minutes.
Since I posted the Basic Brewing Video episode (below), I’ve heard from other homebrewers who have tried this technique. Jym Ferrier tells me by Twitter that his first attempt was only 44 minutes and 27 seconds. Meanwhile, Matt Weide brewed a honey pale ale in just under 47 minutes. Both Jym and Matt went on to brew second one-gallon batches using the same method on that same day. Jym’s second batch was a hoppy saison.
I think this experiment is a success in demonstrating the practicality of small batch brewing. This is not to say that I’m always going to brew one-gallon extract batches. However, when I have some leftover hops and extract – and perhaps a dry yeast that I haven’t played with – this speedy process is an excellent way to spend an hour.
I appreciate the point you’re making that extract brewing allows you to make beer quickly. I still stand by my thinking that if I’m going to dig out my all-grain equipment, I might as well make 12 gallons.
I am going to use this technique to learn about different hop varieties. This would allow me to consistently create a beer whose only difference would be the hops.
Thanks for all I’ve learned from you guys.
I’ve been interested in all-grain small batch brewing for some time. Perhaps I could write up my method for performing 5L all grain small batches.
Sure, we welcome contributions from readers.
Just out of curiosity, what AA% were the simcoe hops? Since you compared it to IPA, I’d something similar.
According to my Brewer’s Logbook, they weighed in at 13% AA.
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What does this mean for our neighborhood? I would have educated myself on the local issues, but I still vote in Michigan.
The acronym �ANC� stands for both Advisory Neighborhood Commissions and Advisory Neighborhood Commissioners.
There are 37 Advisory Neighborhood Commissions in the city, and nearly 300 single member district (SMD) Advisory Neighborhood Commissioners. Each commission includes several SMDs, with approximately 2,000 residents in each SMD (determined every 10 years following the census). Advisory Neighborhood Commissioners are elected every two years by the residents of the SMD. The positions are unpaid and nonpartisan.
Advisory Neighborhood Commissions and ANC Commissioners advise the District government on particular issues affecting their areas, including planning, transportation, social services, health, public safety, sanitation, and Alcohol Beverage Control (ABC) licensing.
The Advisory Neighborhood Commissions consider a wide range of policies and programs affecting their neighborhoods. These include traffic, parking, recreation, street improvements, liquor licenses, zoning, economic development, police protection, sanitation and trash collection, and the District’s annual budget. In fact, no public policy area is excluded from the purview of the Advisory Neighborhood Commissions.
The intent of the legislation that created the ANC system is to ensure input from an advisory board that is made up of the residents of the neighborhoods that are directly affected by government action. ANC commissions are therefore the bodies of government with the closest official ties to the people in a neighborhood.
The ANCs present their positions and recommendations on issues to various District government agencies, the executive branch, and the Council. They also present testimony to independent agencies, boards and commissions, usually under rules of procedure specific to those entities. By law, the ANCs may also present their positions to federal agencies.
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SEVERAL years ago, I met a man at a tennis club who belligerently claimed the court for which my sister and I had signed. His attitude was so hostile that I have never forgotten him.
We were of the same race, religion and nationality, so I could not take his attitude for racial or religious bigotry or jingoism. We had never met before, although he was acquainted with my sister, and so I could not take his obvious and intense dislike personally.
It felt very strange to be the object of such powerful negative feelings from someone I didn't even know. I wondered if this guy might be a misogynist: it wasn't just me he hated, possibly, but women - all of us.
But how unfair! Why should any man despise any woman without knowing her individually, and knowing that she personally deserves his rancor?
My guess is that there are two sources of such feeling.
One dates to the caveman days. Some male cave people were sitting around the fire one night when one of them mentioned that he had observed a strange phenomenon: The woman who shared his cave bled.
Monthly, he noticed, she made small packets of dried leaves and grass for herself, put them close to her private parts and then discarded them. Although she was careful to hide these packets in the earth, he was curious enough to dig one up.
To his amazement, it was drenched with blood!
Did his fellow cavemen notice this phenomenon? That a woman might bleed copiously at regular time intervals - in fact, in rotation with the moon - and not die?
Others began to observe their women and, sure enough, it was true: Nearly all of the women of the tribe bled with the phases of the moon and lived! What did it mean? There was only one answer: Woman had great and secret powers. Did she not also swell greatly and expel babies from her body, both male and female, periodically? Surely, she was both powerful and mysterious.
She was to be feared. And controlled, lest she use her powers on the men.
And so, friends, to this day there are men who hate women. They fear our power and use theirs to keep us down so that we will not overwhelm them.
The other source for misogyny is that most of us are raised, for the most part, by women - our mothers. This person is both wonderful and terrible, someone to be adored and feared. She has the powers of life and death over us, literally.
If we have any personality at all, early on we are able to decide for ourselves what we want and do not want. And this lady often thwarts us. Sometimes, she even inflicts physical pain on us; sometimes, merely humiliation. But always - because she is bigger and smarter and more experienced - she wins, overpowers us, puts us down.
For female children, this is not too terrible. We identify with our mother and assume that one day we will have her powers over our own little people so that we can work out with them our frustration over her treatment of us.
But for the male child, it's not quite that easy. He cannot identify with this creature, for she is not of his kind. He will never have the opportunity to rectify the great injustice of her power over him.
He may grow to be a man and take on the world of men, but he will be forever vanquished by mother. Thus, another source of powerful negative feelings for women in general.
I wonder if my guesses have any validity.
And whether, if I am correct in my judgments, merely learning the sources of his hatred will pacify the misogynist and make him able to love or hate us women, individually and for our uniquely sweet or rotten dispositions, as the case may be.
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Do you want to travel to Alaska? Are you looking forward to enjoying outdoor adventure, or do you want to take in some breathtaking scenery? Do you want to tour Alaska's historic cities and towns, or are you more interested in braving its wilderness? While Alaska is one of the United States' most remote regions, there are many ways to travel throughout Alaska.
Many visitors to Alaska choose to arrive there by air. While the Ted Stevens International Airport in Alaska is the state's largest and busiest airport, most major cities and towns in the state are accessible by air. Other ways to enter Alaska include driving by car on the Alaska Highway, or sailing on an Alaska Marine Highway vehicle ferry.
Taking the Alaska Marine Highway's three main routes — Southeast, Southcentral, and Southwest — is a great way to see some of Alaska's amazing scenery as you arrive. The longest route, the Southeast, follows the Inside Passage up the west coast of North America from Washington State to Canada, then through Southeast Alaska's islands and channels.
Rental cars remain the most popular way of traveling throughout Alaska, but there are several other options that have their benefits. While bus and train travel in Alaska are slower than car travel, they can be a fun way of exploring the state. The Alaska Railroad travels between the cities of Seward and Fairbanks, while the White Pass and Yukon Route Railroad is relaxing, scenic, and geared toward tourists; the routes offer some of the most majestic scenery to be seen in the state. Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau, and Ketchikan offer regular public bus service, but several other towns offer limited transportation services and shuttles.
An inexpensive way to travel by bus and train is to buy an Alaska Pass, which allows unlimited train, bus, and ferry travel for a certain period of time on the Alaska Railroad, Alaska Marine Highway, White Pass and Yukon Route Railroad, and Gray Line buses.
For those who are going to remote areas where train and bus travel is limited, traveling by car and RV allows more freedom than other types of transportation. Many of the state's most scenic routes, including the Denali Highway, the Elliott Highway, the Steese Highway, and Southeast Alaska's back roads, are accessible only by car.
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Furthermore, the story-telling mechanism of these shows are easily distinguishable. While most American cartoons are intended for children, the themes of anime are multifaceted and complex. In fact, there are five basic types of anime. Each one is focused on a specific target demographic, with content that ranges from imaginative children’s stories intended to teach morals and principles to tales of a violent, psychological, or even pornographic nature about revenge, addiction, and love.
While all of this is known and generally accepted as being some of anime’s identifying traits, the word itself is just the abbreviated pronunciation of “animation” in Japanese. It is a term that references all animation. In this sense, even claymation like Wallace and Gromit is considered anime. Yet, outside of Japan, it is a word used to specifically refer to the Japanese style of animation produced inside the country. Still, a cultural interpretation of the word may suggest that anime can be produced in countries other than Japan, but a critical approach known as Orientalism argues that it is specifically and quintessentially Japanese.
So, then, what is a show that is heavily influenced by anime tropes and uses a style similar to Japanese animation, but is not of Japanese origin? Should there be a third category for shows like The Legend of Korra? What about the American 3D web series RWBY, created by Rooster Teeth studios, which has become so popular that it even has a Japanese dubbed version? What about the adaptation of the Chinese manhua Rakshasa Street which was produced in Japan but originated outside of it? If these were all to be considered anime then would that beg the question of whether some anime is more “anime” than others.
Despite my own internal conflict with defining the word and quite a few arguments amongst fans over the years, there really doesn’t seem to be a correct answer. It all depends on your perspective and which interpretation you like best. Even if it’s not so easily defined, we still get to watch it and enjoy.
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Can I Authorize Someone to Use My Debit Card?
There are two different ways to authorize a friend or relative to use your debit card. You can add the person to your account officially as an authorized user, or you can simply share your card and personal identification number informally, as many people do. From the bank's perspective, the first way is the right way and the second way is definitely the wrong way.
If you want a friend or family member to pick something up at the store for you or to have access to money for some reason, you can give her your debit card and PIN so she can use the card. However, this could potentially be a big mistake if the person you gave the card to abuses your trust.
If you report an unauthorized charge no more than 60 days after the bank sends you your statement, you aren't liable for any charges according to the Federal Trade Commission. If you lose your debit card but report the loss to your bank immediately you are also protected.
However, if you voluntarily share your PIN with another person, you don't have any legal protection and can be held liable for all charges. If the person you gave your PIN to chooses to spend or take out more money than you authorized, the bank does not have to give it back to you.
If you check your bank's debit card agreement, you will most likely find that it is a violation of the agreement to share your card or PIN with anyone. The bank may also reserve the right to cancel your account.
If you want to let a friend or relative use your debit card without violating your card agreement, you can add that person to your account as an authorized user. Depending on your bank, you may be able to add a new user through online banking or over the phone, although some banks may require you to come in and fill out a form.
In most cases, the only information you need is the birth date, name and Social Security number of the person you want to add. He'll receive his own debit card, but the bill will still come to you. If you add an authorized user to your account, you'll still be responsible for any charges just as if you had shared your PIN. Depending on your bank's rules, you may be able to reduce your risk by setting a limit to how much the person is authorized to spend or withdraw.
You can also remove him from your account at any time just by calling your bank, and you won't have to worry that the bank will close your account for violating your cardholder agreement.
Letting someone else use your account is risky either way, and you should only take this step with someone you really trust.
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0.999996 |
At last, HBO's standalone streaming service has arrived! And you might be wondering how you can sign up for this glorious service, which offers hours of HBO entertainment in the form of thousands of titles without requiring the typically pricy cable package. Well, there's kind of a catch, beyond the monthly fee of $15. HBO's promo for HBO Now says "all you need is the internet," but at present, in order to subscribe to HBO Now, you technically need to be an Optimum Online subscriber or be using an Apple device (iPod, iPhone, iPad, Apple TV) with an iTunes account. So if your internet is coming from Opt-Online or through a compatible Apple device, then "just the internet" applies.
STEP 1: Apple customers can subscribe to HBO NOW by downloading the app on their iPhone, iPad or iPod touch or directly on Apple TV using their iTunes account.
STEP 2: Customers purchase an HBO NOW subscription directly in-app through Apple for $14.99 per month, following the limited time, introductory 30 day free trial period.
STEP 3: Upon registering with Apple, subscribers will set up HBO NOW login credentials, enabling them to watch their favorite HBO programming on their iOS devices as well as on HBONOW.com via PC or Mac.
Those on the fence about which set-top box they want to get to handle their subscription streaming video services may be swayed by Apple TV being the first of them to offer HBO Now, as it's one more reason to appreciate the Apple device. Apple TV can not only be used for HBO Go or HBO Now, but you can also use it with Netflix, Yahoo Screen, Hulu, Crackle and other apps, in addition to streaming any video or music content you've purchased through iTunes. I've found Apple TV to be much faster and easier to use for Netflix and other streaming content than my Blu-ray player was. The only feature I wish it had is compatibility with Amazon Prime and Amazon Instant Video, but given Amazon has its own set-top box (and stick), it's no surprise that Apple TV would exclude those options.
What's particularly interesting about the Apple option for HBO Now, is that you can set up an HBO Now account through the Apple device, but from the above instructions, it sounds like you'll be able to log into the service through your computer browser. So you can register for HBO Now on your iPhone, but still watch the content on your computer, if that's your preference.
STEP 1: Cablevision’s Optimum Online customers can purchase an HBO NOW subscription by ordering the service online at Optimum.net/HBONOW or by calling 866-262-9329 for $14.99 per month, following the limited time, introductory 30 day free trial period.
STEP 2: After purchasing their HBO NOW subscription, Optimum Online customers can access the service by downloading the HBO NOW app on their Apple TV or iOS device or by going to HBONOW.com. Customers then select “Optimum” from the drop down menu of providers and sign in using their Optimum username and password.
STEP 3: Upon registering with Optimum, subscribers will set up HBO NOW login credentials, enabling them to watch their favorite HBO programming on their Apple TV or iOS devices as well as on HBONOW.com via PC or Mac.
This option is obviously going to be limited by availability, as Optimum Online is only available in specific regions. At the very least, the Opt-Online option allows people who don't have access to an Apple device to register for HBO Now.
HBO says more providers are coming soon. If you recall, when HBO introduced their on demand streaming service HBO Go, it was only available to specific cable subscribers. Other options and devices were eventually rolled out. It seems the same will be the case for HBO Now. So if you don't have Optimum or an Apple device, hang tight and hopefully you'll have the option to subscribe to HBO Now soon enough.
Meanwhile, Deadline reports that HBO will offer a "live linear channel and VOD programming" through Sling TV. It's said to be similar, but not identical, to HBO Now.
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0.949253 |
I’m from Port St. Lucie and I have a very old scar that still looks bad. Is it possible for old scars to be improved?
There are a variety of techniques that can be used to improve scars.
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0.964853 |
Bill Text - AB-1560 Nurse practitioners: certified nurse-midwives: physician assistants: physician and surgeon supervision.
AB 1560, as amended, Friedman. Nurse practitioners: certified-nurse midwives: certified nurse-midwives: physician assistants: physician and surgeon supervision.
The Nursing Practice Act provides for the licensure and regulation of the practice of nursing by the Board of Registered Nursing. The act authorizes a nurse practitioner to, among other things, furnish or order drugs or devices under specified circumstances subject to physician and surgeon supervision. The act prohibits a physician and surgeon from supervising more than 4 nurse practitioners at one time for purposes of furnishing drugs or devices.
Existing law authorizes the Board of Registered Nursing to issue a certificate to practice nurse-midwifery to any person licensed under the Nursing Practice Act that meets certain qualifications. Existing law authorizes a certified-nurse midwife certified nurse-midwife to, among other things, furnish or order drugs and devices under specified circumstances subject to physician and surgeon supervision. Existing law prohibits a physician and surgeon from supervising more than 4 certified-nurse midwives certified nurse-midwives at one time for purposes of furnishing or ordering drugs or devices.
The Physician Assistance Practice Act provides for the licensure and regulation of physician assistants by the Physician Assistant Board, which is within the jurisdiction of the Medical Board of California. The act authorizes a physician assistant licensed by the Physician Assistant Board to be eligible for employment or supervision by any physician and surgeon who is not subject to a disciplinary condition imposed by the Medical Board of California prohibiting that employment or supervision. The act prohibits a physician and surgeon from supervising more than 4 physician assistants at any one time, except as specified.
This bill would instead prohibit a physician and surgeon from supervising more than 18 12 nurse practitioners, certified-nurse midwives, certified nurse-midwives, and physician assistants at any one time. time, as specified.
(e) “Drug order” or “order” for purposes of this section means an order for medication or for a drug or device that is dispensed to or for an ultimate user, issued by a certified nurse-midwife as an individual practitioner, within the meaning of Section 1306.03 of Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Notwithstanding any other law, (1) a drug order issued pursuant to this section shall be treated in the same manner as a prescription of the supervising physician; (2) all references to “prescription” in this code and the Health and Safety Code shall include drug orders issued by certified nurse-midwives; and (3) the signature of a certified nurse-midwife on a drug order issued in accordance with this section shall be deemed to be the signature of a prescriber for purposes of this code and the Health and Safety Code.
A physician and surgeon shall not supervise more than 18 certified-nurse midwives, 12 certified nurse-midwives functioning under Section 2746.51, nurse practitioners, practitioners functioning under Section 2836.1, and physician assistants licensed under Chapter 7.7 (commencing with Section 3500) at any one time.
(e) (1) Drugs or devices furnished or ordered by a nurse practitioner may include Schedule II through Schedule V controlled substances under the California Uniform Controlled Substances Act (Division 10 (commencing with Section 11000) of the Health and Safety Code) and shall be further limited to those drugs agreed upon by the nurse practitioner and physician and surgeon and specified in the standardized procedure.
(f) (1) The board has certified in accordance with Section 2836.3 that the nurse practitioner has satisfactorily completed a course in pharmacology covering the drugs or devices to be furnished or ordered under this section.
(3) Nurse practitioners who are certified by the board and hold an active furnishing number, who are authorized through standardized procedures or protocols to furnish Schedule II controlled substances, and who are registered with the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, shall complete, as part of their continuing education requirements, a course including Schedule II controlled substances based on the standards developed by the board. The board shall establish the requirements for satisfactory completion of this subdivision.
(g) Use of the term “furnishing” in this section, in health facilities defined in Section 1250 of the Health and Safety Code, shall include (1) the ordering of a drug or device in accordance with the standardized procedure and (2) transmitting an order of a supervising physician and surgeon.
(h) “Drug order” or “order” for purposes of this section means an order for medication which is dispensed to or for an ultimate user, issued by a nurse practitioner as an individual practitioner, within the meaning of Section 1306.03 of Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, (1) a drug order issued pursuant to this section shall be treated in the same manner as a prescription of the supervising physician; (2) all references to “prescription” in this code and the Health and Safety Code shall include drug orders issued by nurse practitioners; and (3) the signature of a nurse practitioner on a drug order issued in accordance with this section shall be deemed to be the signature of a prescriber for purposes of this code and the Health and Safety Code.
A physician and surgeon shall not supervise more than 18 12 nurse practitioners, certified-nurse midwives, practitioners functioning under Section 2836.1, certified nurse-midwives functioning under Section 2746.51, and physician assistants licensed under Chapter 7.7 (commencing with Section 3500) at any one time.
(a) Notwithstanding any other law, a physician assistant licensed by the board shall be eligible for employment or supervision by any physician and surgeon who is not subject to a disciplinary condition imposed by the Medical Board of California prohibiting that employment or supervision.
(b) A physician and surgeon shall not supervise more than 18 12 physician assistants, nurse practitioners licensed under Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 2700), 2700) and functioning under Section 2836.1, and certified-nurse midwives certified nurse-midwives certified under Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 2746)of 2746) of Chapter 6 and functioning under Section 2746.51 at any one time, except as provided in Section 3502.5.
(c) The Medical Board of California may restrict a physician and surgeon to supervising specific types of physician assistants including, but not limited to, restricting a physician and surgeon from supervising physician assistants outside of the field ofe approval of the director or disciplinary action against the director or suspension of the approved program under Section 3527.
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0.996974 |
Why do crossdressing men seek out other crossdressing men? Partners, please understand that if your crossdressing partner has enough confidence and courage to step outside the closest and venture outside the home, they may want to seek out others like them. The desire to find acceptance in any social setting is an inherent human trait, not just relegated to crossdressing men.
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0.755048 |
Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo (24 August 1924 – 30 November 1989) was a Cameroonian politician who was the first President of Cameroon, holding the office from 1960 until 1982. Ahidjo played a major role Cameroon's independence from France as well as reuniting the French and English-speaking parts of the country. During Ahidjo's time in office, he established a centralized political system. Ahidjo established a single-party state under the Cameroon National Union in 1966. In 1972, Ahidjo abolished the federation in favor of a unitary state. Ahidjo resigned from the presidency in 1982, and Paul Biya assumed the presidency. This was an action which was surprising to Cameroonians. Accused of being behind a coup plot against Biya in 1984, Ahidjo was sentenced to death in absentia, but he died of natural causes.
Ahidjo was born in Garoua, a major river port along the Benue River in northern Cameroun, which was at the time a French mandate territory. His mother was a Fulani of slave descent, while his father was a Fulani village chief.
Ahidjo's mother raised him as a Muslim and sent him to Quranic school as a child. In 1932, he began attending local government primary school. After failing his first school certification examination in 1938, Ahidjo worked for a few months in the veterinary service. He returned to school and obtained his school certification a year later. Ahidjo spent the next three years attending secondary school at the Ecole Primaire Supérieur in Yaoundé, the capital of the mandate, studying for a career in the civil service. At school, Ahidjo also played soccer and competed as a cyclist.
In 1942, Ahidjo joined the civil service as a radio operator for a postal service. As part of his job, he worked on assignments in several major cities throughout the country, such as Douala, Ngaoundéré, Bertoua, and Mokolo. According to his official biographer, Ahidjo was the first civil servant from northern Cameroun to work in the southern areas of the territory. His experiences throughout the country were, according to Harvey Glickman, professor emeritus of political science at Haverford College and scholar of African politics, responsible for fostering his sense of national identity and provided him the sagacity to handle the problems of governing a multiethnic state.
In 1946, Ahidjo entered territorial politics. From 1953 to 1957, Ahidjo was a member of the Assembly of the French Union. From 28 January 1957, to 10 May 1957, Ahidjo served as President of the Legislative Assembly of Cameroon. In the same year he became Deputy Prime Minister in de facto head of state André-Marie Mbida's government. In February 1958, Ahidjo became Prime Minister at the age of thirty-four after Mbida resigned. While serving as Prime Minister, Ahidjo had administrative goals to move toward independence for Cameroon while reuniting the separated factions of the country and cooperating with French colonial powers. On 12 June, with a motion from the National Assembly, Ahidjo became involved in negotiations with France in Paris. These negotiations continued through October, resulting in formal recognition of Cameroonian plans for independence. The date for the simultaneous termination of French trusteeship and Cameroonian independence was set by Cameroon's National Assembly for 1 January 1960. During and immediately after Cameroon was decolonized, Ahidjo recruited follow northern, Muslim Fulani and Peuhl into the army and an elite guard.
Ahidjo's support and collaboration in allowing for continued French influence economically and politically was faced with opposition from radicals who rejected French influence. These radicals were sympathetic to a more revolutionary, procommunist approach to decolonization. They formed their own political party, Union des Populations du Cameroun. In March 1959, Ahidjo addressed the United Nations General Assembly in order to gather support for France's independence plan. Influenced by Cold War tensions, the United Nations expressed concern about the UPC due to the party's pro-communist disposition. The United Nations moved to end French trusteeship in Cameroon without organizing new elections or lifting the ban that France had imposed on the UPC. Ahidjo experienced a rebellion in the 1960s from the UPC, but defeated it by 1970 with the aid of French military force. Ahidjo proposed and was granted four bills to gather power and declare a state of emergency in order to end the rebellion.
Following the independence of the French-controlled area of Cameroon, Ahidjo's focus turned on reuniting the British-controlled area of Cameroon with its newly independent counterpart. In addressing the United Nations, Ahidjo and his supporters favored integration and reunification whereas more radical players such as the UPC preferred immediate reunification. However, both sides were seeking a plebiscite for reunification of the separated Cameroons. The UN decided on the integration and reunification plebiscite. The plebiscite resulted in northern area of the British Cameroons voting to join Nigeria and the southern area voting to reunite with the rest of Cameroon. Ahidjo worked with Premier John Foncha of the Anglophone Cameroon throughout the process of integrating the two parts of Cameroon. In July 1961, Ahidjo attended a conference at which the plans and conditions for merging the Cameroons were made and later adopted by both the National Assemblies of the Francophone and Anglophone Cameroons. Ahidjo and Foncha met in Bamenda in order to create a constitution for the united territories. In their meetings, Ahidjo and Foncha agreed not to join the French community or the Commonwealth. In the summer of 1961, Ahidjo and Foncha resolved any issues between them and agreed upon the final draft for the constitution, which was drawn in Foumban, a city in West Cameroon. Despite the fact that the plans to establish a federalist state were made public in Foumban, Ahidjo and Foncha had private discussions before the official Foumban conference. On 1 October 1961, the two separate Cameroons were merged, establishing the Federal Republic of Cameroon with Ahidjo as the president and Foncha as the Vice President.
The issue of territorial administration was a topic of disagreement between Foncha and Ahidjo. In December 1961, Ahidjo issued a decree that split the federation into administrative regions under the Federal Inspectors of Administration. The inspectors were responsible to Ahidjo and for representing the federation, with access to police force and federal services. The power given to these inspectors led to conflict between them and Prime Ministers.
In 1961, Ahidjo began calling for a single-party state. On 12 March 1962, Ahidjo issued a decree that prevented criticism against his regime, giving the government the authority to imprison anyone found guilty of subversion against government authorities or laws. In July 1962, a group of opposition party leaders who had served in the government with Ahidjo, André-Marie Mbida, Charles Okala, Marcel Bey Bey Eyidi, and Theodore Mayi Martip, challenged Ahidjo's call for a single-party state, saying that it was dictatorial. These leaders were arrested, tried, and imprisoned on the grounds of subversion against the government. The arrest of these leaders resulted in many other opposition leaders joining Ahidjo's Party, the Union Camerounaise. On 1 September 1966, Ahidjo achieved his goal of creating a single-party state. The Cameroon National Union was established, with Ahidjo maintaining that it was essential to the unity of Cameroon. In order to be elected to the National Assembly, membership in the CNU was required. Therefore, Ahidjo approved all nominations for the National Assembly as head of the party, and they approved all his legislation.
Ahidjo placed the blame for Cameroon's underdevelopment and poorly implemented town and public planning policies on Cameroon's federal structure, as well as charging federalism with maintaining cleavages and issues between the Anglophone and Francophone parts of Cameroon. Ahidjo's government also argued that managing separate governments in a poor country was too expensive. Ahidjo announced on 6 May 1972, that he wanted to abolish the federation and put a unitary state into place if the electorate supported the idea in a referendum set for 20 May 1972. This event became known as "The Glorious Revolution of May Twentieth." Because Ahidjo held control over the CNU, he was ensured the party's support in this initiative. Ahidjo issued Presidential Decree No. 72-720 on 2 June 1972, which established the United Republic of Cameroon and abolished the federation. A new constitution was adopted by Ahidjo's government in the same year, abolishing the position of Vice President, which served to further centralize power in Cameroon. Ahidjo's power presided over not only the state and government, but also as commander of the military. In 1975, however, Ahidjo instituted the position of Prime Minister, which was filled by Paul Biya. In 1979, Ahidjo initiated a change in the constitution designating the Prime Minister as successor. Until 1972, Cameroon's federation consisted of two relatively autonomous parts: the francophone and anglophone. After the federation was abolished, many anglophones were displeased with the changes.
In 1972, when Cameroon hosted the Africa Cup of Nations, Ahidjo ordered the construction of two new stadiums, the Ahmadou Ahidjo stadium and the Unification Stadium. The Unification Stadium was named in celebration of the country being renamed as the United Republic of Cameroon.
Though many of his actions were dictatorial, Cameroon became one of the most stable in Africa. He was considered to be more conservative and less charismatic than most post-colonial African leaders, but his policies allowed Cameroon to attain comparative prosperity. Courtiers surrounding Ahidjo promoted the myth that he was "father of the nation."
Ahidjo's presidential style was cultivated around the image of himself as the father of the nation. He carried many titles, and after he visited Mecca, Ahidjo gained the title of "El Hadj." Ahidjo used radio to regularly lecture the nation and to announce the regular reassignment of government positions. Ahidjo built up a clientelistic network in which he redistributed state resources to maintain control over a diverse Cameroon. When Cameroon began seeing oil revenue, the president was in control of the funds. People received jobs, licenses, contracts, and projects through Ahidjo in exchange for loyalty.
During Ahidjo's presidency, music served a role in maintaining for national unity and development. Musicians wrote songs with themes of independence, unity, and Ahidjo as the father of the nation. On official holidays, schools would compete by writing patriotic songs in Ahidjo's honor. Songs that were critical of politicians were rare. Musicians such as Medzo Me Nsom encouraged the people of Cameroon to turn out at the pools and vote for Ahidjo.
Ahidjo resigned, ostensibly for health reasons, on 4 November 1982 (there are many theories surrounding the resignation; it is generally believed that his French doctor "tricked" Ahidjo about his health) and was succeeded by Prime Minister Paul Biya two days later. That he stepped down in favor of Biya, a Christian from the south and not a Muslim from the north like himself, was considered surprising. Ahidjo's ultimate intentions are unclear; it is possible that he intended to return to the presidency at a later point when his health improved, and another possibility is that he intended for Maigari Bello Bouba, a fellow Muslim from the north who succeeded Biya as Prime Minister, to be his eventual successor as President, with Biya in effectively a caretaker role. Although the Central Committee of the ruling Cameroon National Union (CNU) urged Ahidjo to remain President, he declined to do so, but he did agree to remain as the President of the CNU. However, he also arranged for Biya to become the CNU Vice-President and handle party affairs in his absence. During the first few months of Biya's administration, there was cooperation between Biya and Ahidjo. In January 1982, Ahidjo dismissed four CNU members who opposed Biya's presidency. Additionally that month, Ahidjo and Biya both went on separate speaking tours to different parts of Cameroon in order to address the public's concerns.
Later that year, however, a major feud developed between Ahidjo and Biya. On 19 July 1983, Ahidjo went into exile in France, and Biya began removing Ahidjo's supporters from positions of power and eliminating symbols of his authority, removing official photographs of Ahidjo from the public as well as removing Ahidjo's name from the anthem of the CNU. On 22 August, Biya announced that a plot allegedly involving Ahidjo had been uncovered. For his part, Ahidjo severely criticized Biya, alleging that Biya was abusing his power, that he lived in fear of plots against him, and that he was a threat to national unity. The two were unable to reconcile despite the efforts of several foreign leaders, and Ahidjo announced on 27 August that he was resigning as head of the CNU. In exile, Ahidjo was sentenced to death in absentia in February 1984, along with two others, for participation in the June 1983 coup plot, although Biya commuted the sentence to life in prison. Ahidjo denied involvement in the plot. A violent but unsuccessful coup attempt in April 1984 was also widely believed to have been orchestrated by Ahidjo.
In his remaining years, Ahidjo divided his time between France and Senegal. He died of a heart attack in Dakar on 30 November 1989 and was buried there. He was officially rehabilitated by a law in December 1991. Biya said on 30 October 2007 that the matter of returning Ahidjo's remains to Cameroon was "a family affair". An agreement on returning Ahidjo's remains was reached in June 2009, and it was expected that they would be returned in 2010.
^ "Ahmadou Ahidjo | president of Cameroon". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
^ a b c d e f g Takougang, Joseph; Amin, Julius A. (2018). Post-colonial Cameroon : politics, economy, and society. Lanham, Maryland. ISBN 9781498564632. OCLC 1027808253.
^ a b c d e f g h Stark, Frank M. (1976). "Federalism in Cameroon: The Shadow and the Reality". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 10 (3): 423–442. JSTOR 483799.
^ a b c d e Takougang, Joseph (Fall 1993). "The Post-Ahidjo Era in Cameroon: Continuity and Change". Journal of Third World Studies. 10.
^ a b Jonathan C. Randal, "Tales of Ex-Leader's Role In Revolt Stun Cameroon", The Washington Post, 15 April 1984, page A01.
^ a b c d Glickman 1992, p. 1.
^ a b Melady, Thomas; Melady, Margaret Badum (2011). Ten African Heroes: The sweep of independence in Black Africa. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books. pp. 152–163. ISBN 978-1-57075-929-1.
^ Glickman 1992, pp. 1–2.
^ a b Awasom, Nicodemus Fru (Winter 2002). "Politics and Constitution-Making in Francophone Cameroon, 1959-1960". Africa Today. 49 (4): 3–30. doi:10.1353/at.2003.0033.
^ Harkness, Kristen A. (18 October 2016). "Military loyalty and the failure of democratization in Africa: how ethnic armies shape the capacity of presidents to defy term limits". Democratization. 85: 801–818.
^ Middleton, John; Miller, Joseph (2008). "Ahidjo, El Hajj Ahmadou (1924-1989)". New Encyclopedia of Africa. 1: 29–30.
^ Brennan, Carol (2010). "Ahidjo, Ahmadou". Contemporary Black Biography. 81: 1–3.
^ a b c Chem-Langhëë, Bongfen (1995). "The Road to the Unitary State of Cameroon 1959-1972". Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kultukunde. Frobenius Institute. 41: 17–25 – via JSTOR.
^ a b c Atanga, Mufor (2011). The Anglophone Cameroon Predicament. Mankon, Bamenda: Langaa Research & Publishing Common Initiative Group. ISBN 978-9956-717-11-8.
^ a b c DeLancey, Mark W. (1987). "The Construction of the Cameroon Political System: The Ahidjo Years, 1958-1982". Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 6 (1–2): 3–24. doi:10.1080/02589008708729465.
^ a b c d Gabriel, Jürg Martin (1998). "Cameroon's neopatrimonal dilemma". ETH Zürich. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-001990933.
^ Abbink, J. (2012). Fractures and reconnections : civic action and the redefinition of African spaces : studies in honor of Piet J.J. Konings. Zürich. ISBN 978-3643902566. OCLC 822227488.
^ a b Nyamnjoh, Francis B.; Fokwang, Jude (April 2005). "Entertaining Repression: Music and Politics in Postcolonial Cameroon". African Affairs. 104 (415): 251–274. doi:10.1093/afraf/adi007.
^ Joseph Takougang, "The Nature of Politics in Cameroon", The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya (2004), ed. John Mukum Mbaku and Joseph Takougang, page 78.
^ a b c DeLancey, Mark W. (1989). Cameroon: Dependence and Independence. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN 0-89158-882-5.
^ a b Milton H. Krieger and Joseph Takougang, African State and Society in the 1990s: Cameroon's Political Crossroads (2000), Westview Press, pages 65–73.
^ a b "Cameroun : Ahidjo rentrera au pays en 2010" Archived 2 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine, GabonEco, 29 June 2009 (in French).
^ Mamadou Diouf, Les figures du politique en Afrique (1999), page 84 (in French).
Glickman, Harvey (ed.) (1992), Political Leaders of Contemporary Africa South of the Sahara, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-313-26781-2 CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link).
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0.999817 |
ANSWER: "As often as possible for personal prayer and only as often as necessary for corporate prayer.??? There are three activities in the scripture that can grow (edify) a Christian 1. Inspired words ( prophecy/ teaching or preaching) 2. Speaking with tongues 3. The scripture These activities can grow the human spirit "
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0.997788 |
* as specified by kIrLed below.
* TL;DR: The IR LED needs to be driven by a transistor for a good result.
* have enough current to drive the IR LED effectively.
* * Make sure you have the IR LED polarity correct.
* * Typical digital camera/phones can be used to see if the IR LED is flashed.
* * Pin 0/D3: Can interfere with the boot/program mode & support circuits.
* * Pin 1/TX/TXD0: Any serial transmissions from the ESP8266 will interfere.
* * Pin 3/RX/RXD0: Any serial transmissions to the ESP8266 will interfere.
* for your first time. e.g. ESP-12 etc.
const uint16_t kIrLed = 4; // ESP8266 GPIO pin to use. Recommended: 4 (D2).
IRsend irsend(kIrLed); // Set the GPIO to be used to sending the message.
delay(10000); // Wait 10 seconds before we repeat everything.
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0.99726 |
Mr Brown wrote a book New Roman Times, based on the album by Camper Van Beethoven, a concept-album set in a surreal alternative universe in which the United States is split up into separate, hostile countries.
Since the base of the story lies in the civil war between Texas and California, and a commentary on the red state/blue state political division that exists in the United States, its represented as a game of tic-tac-toe in a stalemate.
Additionally, wild posters in New York and Los Angeles teased the new book. Photos were posted on Camper Van Beethovens own site.
The tic-tac-toe with states communicates the book's civil war idea even to potential readers who have not heard the album.
Mr Brown wrote a book based on the album by Camper Van Beethoven, a concept-album set in a surreal alternative universe in which the United States is split up into separate, hostile countries.
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0.999968 |
Where does the wine barrel oak come from?
Mostly German oak was used in Australia for barrels around the start of the century. From the 1920's onward American oak found it's way to Australia. Before WW II oak imported from Europe was known as "memel" oak since it was shipped through the port of Memel, now known as Klaipeda in Lithuania. After WW II and Russian occupation, "memel" oak was no longer available. Also currency and import limitations made it difficult to source American oak. The 40's and 50's saw French oak used in Australia. Sold as Limousin oak, it was quartersawn instead of split and very porous. In France it was used for brandy production rather than wine.
In the 60's when we were to really starting to expand our wine making skills we started using more French oak. There are five well know French oaks; Limousin, Nevers, Allier, Vosge and Troncais.
Limousin defines the broad region from where the oak is cut. Nevers is the city where oak is auctioned yearly from the many different forests of the Nievre "department". Allier is another "department" in the south. Vosge is in the north east and was the scene of many fierce battles in WW I. Up until the last 15 years very little oak was taken from Vosges as shrapnel embedded in the timber damaged saws and tools. Troncais comes from the "Colbert" forests. Colbert, Louis XIV's secretary of state was concerned that France would run out of oak to build ships and planted the forests in the late 17th century. While the other names define large regions of forest, Troncais refers to a small forest in the Allier "department". Oak is cut to produce only about 5,000 barriques a year. None was cut in the year 2000 due to storm damage. Having now defined these regions it's interesting to note they are rarely used in France itself. The oak is sorted according to grain; coarse, medium and fine. Grain refers to the distance between the annual growth rings of the tree. The faster the growth rate, the greater the distance between the growth rings, the coarser the grain.
Yugoslavia was another important source of oak up to the 70's. Whole logs where imported into France and split there. The Yugoslavian government wanted to value add by splitting the logs but this is a skilled and difficult operation. Quality suffered and sales dried up.
With Eastern bloc countries opening up in the last ten years, we now see oak coming from Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Western Russia, Eastern Russia, Northern China, Poland, Croatia, the Ukraine and Hungary.
Earlier in the century Hungary supplied poor grade quartersawn oak not generally suitable for high quality wine production. Since the fall of the Communist governments, the Hungarians are the only suppliers who have developed the skills and infrastructure to supply cooperage grade oak. The Tokaj region in Hungary supplies some of the best oak. Light, rocky soils mean slow growth rates and fine grains. And naturally how each type of oak is used, how it's toasted, seasoned and treated will give different flavours to the wine.
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0.999981 |
what do u mean by pall of dust?
1 ) As Riyadh baked in triple-digit heat under a pall of dust, American and Saudi flags flew from light poles.
2 )Then the percussive insult of bats denuding innocent baseballs shatters the nervous pall.
'Pall' could refer to a dark cloud or covering. It could also refer to an environment or envelope of gloom (a meaning that is similar to the first but less literal). The first meaning is what is relevant for the first sentence you have, and the second meaning for the second sentence. Hope it is clear and that this helps.
|
0.990542 |
Such a release would be highly unusual for Google, based on recent history. First, it would be the only time Google released four phones in one cycle, and second, Google hasn't released a budget device since the Nexus 5X. However, with the recent wave of leaks, it appears the Pixel 3a and Pixel 3a XL (formerly rumored as the Pixel 3 Lite and Pixel 3 XL Lite) may come to fruition, and they are interesting, to say the least.
Based on early rumors, the Pixel 3a is a budget version of the Pixel 3 and the Pixel 3a XL is the budget versions of the Pixel 3 XL. They have similar display sizes and the same rear camera as the Pixel 3 lineup. Interestingly, many features from the more expensive Pixel 3 lineup will carry over, including the OLED screens.
However, both will have an all-plastic build and remove some features, allowing them to achieve a price hundreds lower than the Google Pixel 3 and 3 XL. They will be called either Pixel 3a and Pixel 3a XL, or Pixel 3 Lite and Pixel 3 XL Lite, although recent rumors are pointing towards the former.
The Pixel 3a is rumored to use a 5.56-inch display. Unlike the Pixel 3 and 3 XL, it will use an OLED panel. It has a resolution of 2160 x 1080, which equates to a pixel density of 434 PPI. It borrows the same design language of the Pixel 3 and has no display notch. It has a symmetrical forehead and chin, which are appropriately the same size.
The Pixel 3a XL is rumored to have the same resolution as the 3 Lite and use the same OLED panel to save cost. However, since it is the budget version of the 3 XL, it has a bigger screen (roughly six inches). Unlike the 3 XL, it doesn't have a display notch. Instead, it uses a symmetrical forehead and chin similar to the 3 and 3 Lite.
Rumors indicate both devices will use the same 12.2 MP camera found in the Pixel 3 and 3 XL. If this is true, this would be the main selling point of the phone: the best smartphone camera at a budget price. Based on leaked samples, it uses a similar process to its more expensive siblings, allowing it to achieve virtually the same picture quality. Leaks indicate picture quality is the same, although performance is a bit slower than the Pixel 3.
To keep the price down, it appears the Pixel 3a and 3a XL will remove one of the front-facing cameras. Instead of dual 8 MP front-facing cameras, the Pixel 3a lineup has only one. This will be a wide-angle camera, allowing it to capture more in the frame just like its bigger brother.
Powering the Pixel 3a is the Qualcomm Snapdragon 670. This system-on-a-chip shares many similarities with the newly released Snapdragon 710, the first SoC in the 700 series and SoC of choice for the Pixel 3a XL. They both use the same Kryo 360 cores, Image Signal Processor, and Digital signal processor.
The main differences are the Snapdragon 670's lower clock speed on its Gold cores (2.0 GHz vs. 2.2 GHz) and use of a somewhat weaker Adreno 615 (instead of the Snapdragon 710's Adreno 616). While each SoC uses a different modem, the Snapdragon 670's X12 modem and Snapdragon 710's X15 offer the same speeds with a theoretical max download speed of 600 Mbps (Cat. 15) and a theoretical max upload speed of 150 Mbps (Cat. 13). Both chips use the 10nm process, the same as the Qualcomm Snapdragon 845.
Falling in line with the other Pixel phones, the Pixel 3a contains 4 GB of RAM. A Geekbench listing emerged recently for a device named "Foxconn Pixel 3 XL" with Qualcomm Snapdragon 710. Because the Pixel 3a XL is rumored to use this chipset and we already know the Google Pixel 3 XL doesn't use it, we believe this to be the first leaked benchmark for the Google Pixel 3a XL. If this happens to be true, we have also learned an interesting difference between the Pixel 3a and its bigger brother — the 3a XL will have 6 GB of RAM.
At 6 GB, it would have more RAM than the Pixel 3 and Pixel 3 XL and help with one of the biggest problems of Pixel 3 lineup's initial launch, memory management. If this is true, it would make the Pixel 3a XL the best value in the lineup thanks to the Snapdragon 710 being paired with 6 GB of RAM.
As we approach its release, it appears Google decided on 4 GB of RAM, but there is a chance there may be a second variant. As for storage, it is rumored to include 64 GB. There is no microSD slot card just like the Pixel 3 and 3 XL.
As for audio, there is some good news and some bad news. The good news, for the first time since the Pixel and Pixel XL, the headphone jack makes a return. This would be one of the few times an OEM brought back the port that the industry is trying to destroy. The bad news is dual front-facing speakers are gone. Instead, there is a single speaker along the forehead and cutouts for what appears to be a second speaker along the bottom edge. This would mean it retains stereo speakers, just not in the preferred position.
The Pixel 3a has the same battery as the Pixel 3 at 2,915 mAh. With a much more power efficient SoC, this should translate to much better battery life. It is also rumored to support USB Power Delivery (like the Pixel 3 and 3 XL) as well as Qualcomm Quick Charge 4+, a fast charge technology which combines the features of USB Power Delivery with Qualcomm Charge. It does lose the wireless charging ability of the Pixel 3 and 3 XL.
Gone is the glass back for wireless charging. Instead, the entire body material is made of plastic. More than likely, this was done to keep pricing as low as it is rumored to be.
Just like all Pixel phones, this will be running the latest version of stock Android. There is no skin, although the same enhancements found in the Pixel 3 are still present. We expect that, as with all Pixel devices, it will get at least three years of full OS updates, including Android 10, 11, and 12.
The Pixel 3a and Pixel 3a XL support Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac) and Bluetooth 5.0. They should include NFC for Android Pay and are rumored to support both nano-SIM and eSIM.
While LTE speeds will vary thanks to the two different SoCs, the supported bands should be the same as the Pixel 3 and 3 XL, with rumored support for both GSM and Verizon (CDMA). We listed the bands for the Pixel 3 and 3 XL below, as we expect these to be the same bands supported by the Pixel 3a and 3a XL.
The Pixel 3a and Pixel 3a XL are rumored to come with the same security features of their bigger brothers, including the Titan M security chip and Pixel Imprint (the fingerprint scanner).
According to Redditor, livedadevil (the same Redditor who leaked the LG G8 ThinQ's Canadian pricing), the pricing for Google Pixel 3a will be $649 in Canadian dollars, while the 3a XL will be $799 CAD.
For reference, the Pixel 3 retailed for $999 CAD, so the 3a will be roughly 65% of that cost. If you use apply that ratio to US pricing, that works out to somewhere around $499 USD for the Pixel 3a and $599 for the Pixel 3a XL. It's definitely not a perfect conversion, but expect a US retail price within $100 of those numbers, give or take.
It looks like Google will be announcing the phones on May 7th at the start of Google I/O 2019. This date makes sense, as Google would already have the technology world's eyes for the event.
This date could also indicate the possibility of the Pixel 3a and 3a XL being included in the Android 10 beta if last year is any indication. Usually, all Pixel devices are eligible for these Developer Previews/Betas, so it is likely Google would include these new devices.
Plastic isn't a deal breaker, and camera doesn't sound too bad. Don't care for the notch, glad there's none. We'll see what performance it brings, compared to others in this price range, and there should be plenty roms for it.
Is there any news on the ip rating?
|
0.957172 |
How will you turn failure into a learning opportunity and reach success? Follow the 3 P’s: Positivity, Persistence, Perseverance one small step at time. Focus on the task at-hand and enjoy the process.
|
0.994333 |
Masks used in ancient Greek theater were stylized to project a character's emotions.
The famous faces of drama, denoting comedy and tragedy, have their origins in Greek drama masks, which were commonly worn by all actors in ancient times. Although it may seem counter-intuitive, the masks were used to convey emotion, and were considered more effective than a revealed face.
While the exact origins of both drama and the use of masks in performance cannot be identified absolutely, it is generally understood that they derived from the worship of the god Dionysus. As a god associated with wine, his followers were naturally passionate and prone to dramatic action.
The musical performance, dancing and storytelling associated with the feasts worshiping Dionysus can be said to be the beginnings of organized theater. Additionally, Dionysus was a god of "otherness" and so, when he was rendered artistically on vases or other crockery, he was shown wearing a mask.
The faces shown for "comedy/tragedy" are said to represent the two sides of Dionysus: that he was full of joy and revelry, but also prone to great sadness.
Finally, the first known writer and performer was named Thespis (hence the synonym "thespian" for actors) and he wore a mask, thus setting a trend for centuries to come.
There were several practical reasons for using masks in Greek drama. Masks allowed actors to easily play several different parts, including gods, whose faces could never be represented by a human face.
Masks also allowed actors to believably portray female characters, because of course women were not allowed to perform on stage when the theater began.
In ancient Greece, plays were performed during the day, outdoors in large amphitheaters. The bulk of the audience could not see the actors very well, so a mask projected a character to the cheap seats. Furthermore, the masks were highly stylized and exaggerated, so that a villain or lover was easily comprehended, even by the least-educated audience members.
As liberating as the masks were in allowing actors to slip back and forth through characters and gender, they also presented a great challenge to good performers. Actors spent years learning how to use their bodies to enhance the emotional thrust of a performance and to show the breadth of emotion usually expressed in the face.
Actors also had to master a range of vocal expressions. As hard as it was to learn to project to an open-air audience of 10,000 people with no amplification, an actor's abilities were mostly judged by the emotional strength of his voice. Everything in a character and the story had to come from the spoken words, and if an actor wasn't skilled enough, the story would not be well told and the play was a failure. The mask gave the actors characterizations that were instantly understood, but it was the voice and body that brought the characters to three-dimensional life.
Opinions vary, but it is generally agreed that the masks used in ancient theater were made from clay, wood, linen and leather. A model of marble or stone was used as a mold from which to build the mask, which is how they achieved consistency. A wig was attached that covered the actor's head.
The masks had large open mouths so that the actors could speak easily and be heard throughout the amphitheater. The eyes, which tended to be exaggerated, were fully painted. However, there was a hole in place of a pupil for the actor to see out of.
Unfortunately, ancient Greek masks have not survived, but if you want to try performing a Greek play in masks, Arlecchina's Masks, made by Los Angeles artist Wendy Gough, will be very close to the real thing. The masks are made of papier mache and neoprene. There are nineteen from which to choose, or, if you want something like a Medusa mask, they can custom-make something based on your own design.
|
0.996513 |
Surveys of adults show that 13-33% of the adult population have regular difficulty either getting to sleep or staying asleep.1 2 3 Insomnia is dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality with one of more of difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and early morning awakening. The sleep disturbance causes significant distress or impairment of functioning. There may be a feeling of having been awake all night even when getting some sleep.
People with comorbid disorders of physical or mental health, such as depression, have higher rates of insomnia. Depression and sleep disturbance are the first and third most common psychological reasons for patient encounters in general practice.4 Untreated, insomnia increases the risk of development or exacerbation of anxiety, depression, hypertension, and diabetes.5 6 This article outlines current concepts in insomnia and provides up to date information on treatment.
When does acute insomnia become chronic insomnia?
Most people will experience sleep disturbance or acute insomnia at some point in any given year. This often occurs around predictable times of stress or when sleep patterns are disrupted, such as with travel, busy periods at work, illness, or emotional upset. While people may be distressed about sleep loss during acute insomnia, once the trigger factors are removed, sleep usually returns to normal.
|
0.999926 |
Any advantage of choosing early EMI date compared to late in month ?
I wish to know whether there is any benefit in selecting an EMI date early in the month as compared to late in the month. Does the loan get repaid earlier i.e. is the interest paid less in any particular scenario. I did a math on my home loan taking the minimum interest possible and the maximum interest possible.
I did it for 1 year and found out that there was a difference of about 2650 rs when I took the starting principal of about Rs 24lacs, ROI at 8% and EMI of Rs 32000, paying early in the month being beneficial. Is this calculation correct? Will the gap widen over a long term of 20-30 years? Is it worth changing the EMI date to an earlier date?
Principal is 1000000 for 14 days (Jan 1st to Jan 14th) and interest for 1st 14 days will be 1000000 x 10/365 x 1/100 x 14 = 3836. This is not yet debited to account.
For next 17 days (jan 15th to jan 31st) the principal outstanding is Rs 975000 and interest will be calculated on this amount in a similar way: 975000 x 10/365 x 1/100 x 17 = 4541.
Thus total interest which will be debited o to the account on 31st jan will be 3836 + 4541 = 8377 and then the principal outstanding increases by this amount and becomes 975000+8377 = 983377.
Dear Kishan, NO. The counting method is same i.e. daily reducing but actual debit of interest happens late in max Gain on last day of the month. Hence even the interest part of EMI lying in OD account to be debited on last day, itself helps in bring down the interest outgo. The same is not there in Term loan.
Dear Shankaranad, in case of Max Gain, interest is charged separately, hence there is a possibility of benefit in an early date. In case of Term Loan, the dedcution of interest happens on the EMI date itself, hence it does not matter in the whole month, when the EMI is getting credited to loan account.
According to my calculations, for SBI Maxgain there is definitely an advantage of having an earlier EMI date since the interest deduction date and the EMI date are different. Interest deduction from the OD account always happens on the last day of the month and the EMI credit into the OD happens as scheduled. The earliest EMI date that SBI is willing to offer is 5th of every month.
Dear Kishan, can you share your calculations over my personal mail ID? In my personal opinion, there should not be a major impact on loan closure due to EMI date change.
|
0.997369 |
product option list color: As shown size: 6M(4-6M), 9M(7-9M), 12M(10-12M), 18M(13-18M), 24M(19-24M) The above content is only for reference! Don't buy in according to size, please use the size of the physical quantity standard, each customer for the right concept difference far away, we can't help you judge whether "appropriate" we can only give advice for your reference. color: As shown size: 6M(4-6M), 9M(7-9M), 12M(10-12M), 18M(13-18M), 24M(19-24M) Warranty & Maintenance: We offer the 1-month free replacement. Buyers may request for a replacement within 3 days from your receipt of the product. The buyer should return the product in the original conditions to us and should bear the shipping costs for return. We also provide 12-month free maintenance. The buyer should return the product in the original conditions to us and should bear the shipping costs for return. If any part is required to be replaced, the buyer should also pay for the costs of the parts to be replaced. Before returning the items, please confirm the return address and the logistics method with us. After you give the items to the logistic company, please send us the tracking number. As soon as we receive the items, we will repair or exchange them ASAP. Feedback: Your satisfaction and positive feedback is very important to us. Please leave positive feedback and 5 stars if you are satisfied with our items and services. If you have any problems with our items or services, please feel free to contact us first before you leave negative feedback. We will do our best to solve any problems and provide you with the best customer services.
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0.999942 |
When your refrigerator door handles are loose, it is typically because they were not installed properly. Find out what type of handles you have, how to properly install them and keep them from getting loose again.
The provided information refers to refrigerators sold in Canada. The available settings and options may differ for devices sold in other countries.
Some models have two screws, one at the top and one at the bottom; other models only have a screw at the top. This screw requires an Allen wrench (size 3/32 inch) which can be used to unscrew the handle.
1 Check for multiple screws.
Some models have two screws, one at the top and one at the bottom; other models only have a screw at the top.
2 Remove the loose handle(s) and Inspect.
Use the Allen wrench to remove the screws and then firmly push up on the handle and pull it towards you. Inspect for any damage to the locking mechanism. If the handle is damaged, it will need to be replaced.
3 Position the handle(s) and secure.
Position the handle back on the mounting studs on the refrigerator and push down firmly to lock the handle into place. Then reinsert the screws and tighten them using the Allen wrench.
4 Verify that the handle is securely attached.
Test the handle to see if it is securely attached to the fridge, if the handle is still loose the part needs to be replaced. Please visit the Support Center to request service.
1 Remove the loose handle(s) and inspect.
Completely remove the loose handle by pushing up firmly then pulling towards you. Inspect for any damage to the locking mechanism. If the handle is damaged, it will need to be replaced.
2 Re-Position the handle(s) and attach.
Position the handle back on the mounting studs on the refrigerator and push down firmly to lock the handle into place.
3 Verify that the handle is securely attached.
Test the handle to see if it is securely attached to the fridge. If the handle is still loose, the part will need to be replaced. Please visit the Support Center to request service.
Horizontal handles (such as those on the freezer of French Door refrigerators) either come preinstalled or can be attached and removed if they have the Allen head screws in them.
If the horizontal handle does not have the screw for the Allen wrench and is loose, service is required. For service options, check out the Support Center.
Additionally, these handles do not attach directly to the door. Instead, they attach to a spring-loaded plastic mount that helps open the door. If this mount becomes damaged or loose, service is required. For service options, check out the Support Center.
|
0.999977 |
Hasbro partnered with OUTFRONT Media to produce an innovative outdoor advertising campaign sure to catch the attention of passersby.
Produce an innovative outdoor advertising campaign sure to catch the attention of passersby.
Hasbro utilized out-of-home in a game-changing move to drive ticket sales and create excitement about the release of the blockbuster Battleship. Additionally, the campaign was executed on transit shelters, buses, posters, and bulletins for maximum reach and exposure.
The boards were executed with 4’ extensions across the top, as well as embossed visuals and lettering that jutted out an entire foot from the surface of the board, bringing a 3D aspect to the advertisements.
|
0.987953 |
open wwwwwww:xxxxxxxxxxx.com -hostkey="ssh-rsa 2048 00:00:00:00:00:27:38......"
This all works fine...in most cases.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:05.253 Copying 2 files/directories to local directory "D:\share\new"
. 2016-07-15 16:45:05.253 Copying "/directory567/12345.xml" to local directory started.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:05.253 Binary transfer mode selected.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:05.253 Opening remote file.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:06.018 Copying "/directory567/123456.xml" to local directory started.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:06.018 Binary transfer mode selected.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:06.018 Opening remote file.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:06.782 3 skipped SSH_FXP_WRITE, SSH_FXP_READ, SSH_FXP_DATA and SSH_FXP_STATUS packets.
here is one of the 2 that did get downloaded and then removed.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:05.253 Copying "/directory567/12345678.xml" to local directory started.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:07.703 Deleting file "12345678.xml".
. 2016-07-15 16:45:07.391 Deleting file "1234567.xml".
Any help would be very much approciated. Do I need to put additional paramaters in the script or os this a setting on the remote server?
I cannot tell without a full log file, so I can only assume that those 3 files did not exist when the get was called, but existed already when the rm was called.
Use get -delete instead of get and rm.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:00.636 Command-line: "C:\Program Files (x86)\WinSCP\WinSCP.exe" /console=575 /consoleinstance=_6264_681 "/script=c:\temp\script.txt"
> 2016-07-15 16:45:00.636 Script: open mycompany.com -hostkey="ssh-rsa 2048 **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****"
. 2016-07-15 16:45:00.651 Looking up host "myserver.mycompany.com"
! 2016-07-15 16:45:03.615 Using username "myusername".
. 2016-07-15 16:45:03.756 Using stored password.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:04.473 Using SFTP protocol.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:04.489 Doing startup conversation with host.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:04.629 SFTP version 3 negotiated.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:04.629 Unknown server extension [email protected]="1"
. 2016-07-15 16:45:04.629 Unknown server extension [email protected]="1"
. 2016-07-15 16:45:04.629 Supports [email protected] extension version "2"
. 2016-07-15 16:45:04.629 Unknown server extension [email protected]="2"
. 2016-07-15 16:45:04.629 Getting current directory name.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:04.785 Startup conversation with host finished.
> 2016-07-15 16:45:04.785 Script: cd "directory567"
. 2016-07-15 16:45:04.785 Cached directory change via "directory567" to "/directory567".
. 2016-07-15 16:45:04.785 Getting current directory name.
> 2016-07-15 16:45:04.785 Script: lcd "D:\share\new"
. 2016-07-15 16:45:04.785 Listing directory "/directory567".
. 2016-07-15 16:45:05.253 Copying "/directory567/123456.xml" to local directory started.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:06.018 3 skipped SSH_FXP_WRITE, SSH_FXP_READ, SSH_FXP_DATA and SSH_FXP_STATUS packets.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:06.018 Copying "/directory567/123456789.xml" to local directory started.
. 2016-07-15 16:45:06.782 Listing directory "/directory567".
. 2016-07-15 16:45:07.391 Deleting file "103400.xml".
. 2016-07-15 16:45:07.703 Deleting file "123456.xml".
. 2016-07-15 16:45:07.859 Deleting file "1234567.xmll".
. 2016-07-15 16:45:08.015 Deleting file "12345678.xml".
. 2016-07-15 16:45:08.171 Deleting file "123456789.xml".
. 2016-07-15 16:45:08.342 Closing connection.
Martin I took you advise and youa re indeed correct. inbetween the get and rm commands those files were uploaded to the server. Thanks for your resolution.
|
0.999565 |
Respondents were asked, "Compared to a year ago, would you say that you and your family are economically a lot better off, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat worse off, or a lot worse off?" Measurement of Party ID for this figure is based on two questions. First, respondents were asked whether they consider themselves to be a Democrats, Republicans, independents, other, or not sure. Those who responded that they are independents or "other" were then asked if they lean toward either the Democrats or Republicans. If they indicated that they lean toward one party or the other, they are considered Democrats or Republicans for the purposes of this figure. Only "pure" independents or members of a third party who indicate that they have no preference for Democrats vis-a-vis Republicans are considered independents. Respondents who answered that they are "not sure" for either of the two aforementioned questions are not incorporated into this figure.
Respondents were asked, "Compared to a year ago, would you say that you and your family are economically a lot better off, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat worse off, or a lot worse off?" Party identification is calculated according to the PID7 variable, a seven point scale of party identification.
Respondents were asked, "Compared to a year ago, would you say that you and your family are economically a lot better off, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat worse off, or a lot worse off?" Ideology is measured on a scale of 1-7, with 1 corresponding to "extremely liberal", 7 corresponding to "extremely conservative, and 4 corresponding to "in the middle." For the purposes of this table, respondents who placed themselves at or between points 1 and 3 on the scale are considered "liberal," respondents who placed themselves at point 4 on the scale are considered "moderate," and respondents who placed themselves at or between points 5 and 7 on the scale are considered conservative.
Respondents were asked, "Compared to a year ago, would you say that you and your family are economically a lot better off, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat worse off, or a lot worse off?" The ideology measure is based on respondent self-placement in response to the following question: "On a scale from 1 to 7, where 1 is extremely liberal, 7 is extremely conservative, and 4 is exactly in the middle, where would you place yourself?" The placements are further classified such that 1 is extremely liberal, 2 is very liberal, 3 is somewhat liberal, 4 is moderate, 5 is somewhat conservative, 6 is very conservative, and 7 is extremely conservative.
Respondents were asked, "Compared to a year ago, would you say that you and your family are economically a lot better off, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat worse off, or a lot worse off?" Tea Party identification is based on the following question, also asked in the survey: "Suppose the Tea Party movement organized itself as a political party. When thinking about the next election for Congress, would you vote for the Republican candidate from your district, the Democratic candidate from your district, or the Tea Party candidate from your district?" Those who responded "Republican candidate" are considered Republicans (non-Tea Party movement) and those who responded "Tea Party candidate" are considered Tea Party Republicans.
Respondents were asked, "Compared to a year ago, would you say that you and your family are economically a lot better off, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat worse off, or a lot worse off?" Race is calculated according to the race variable.
Respondents were asked, "Compared to a year ago, would you say that you and your family are economically a lot better off, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat worse off, or a lot worse off?" Gender is calculated according to the GENDER variable.
Respondents were asked, "Compared to a year ago, would you say that you and your family are economically a lot better off, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat worse off, or a lot worse off?" Community is based on the following question, "Would you say that you live in an urban, suburban, or rural community?"
Respondents were asked, "Compared to a year ago, would you say that you and your family are economically a lot better off, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat worse off, or a lot worse off?" Age is calculated according to the AGEG variable.
Respondents were asked, "Compared to a year ago, would you say that you and your family are economically a lot better off, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat worse off, or a lot worse off?" Education is calculated according to the EDUC variable.
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0.952266 |
Credit Bubble Stocks: Who Is Buying Genco?
Genco (GNK) has retraced almost the entire decline since skipping its interest payment on unsecured notes. There's a 30 day grace period on the notes, so something is going to happen in about a week. It's too late to do an exchange offer and the notes are trading at 63, flat, so they are the fulcrum security. I would guess that the company will file Chapter 11 before the expiration of the grace period on the notes. Meanwhile, retail is excited about shipping stocks including Genco.
FYI: there is an article in today's FT you should read, CP: "Banks are a proxy for credit bubble fears."
Anyway they could get an extension on the grace period?
They could be sued by minority bondholders as soon as the grace period expires.
The Company did not make the scheduled semi-annual interest payment of approximately $3.1 million (the "Interest Payment") due on February 18, 2014 (the "Payment Date") under the Notes. However, under the terms of the Indenture, a failure to pay interest on the Payment Date does not constitute an Event of Default (as defined in the Indenture) unless such failure continues for a period of 30 days (the "Grace Period").
"The limitations on suits set forth in clauses (a) through (e) of this Section 6.06 shall not apply to actions instituted by a Holder for the enforcement of payment of the principal of or interest amounts on any Security on or after the applicable due date or the right to convert any Security in accordance with the Indenture."
|
0.985954 |
jabberwacky: *picks up a chair and throws it in your direction*.
jabberwacky: *get back up and kills with gun*.
jabberwacky: I don't want to shoot you.
user: And I don't want to die *cough*.
jabberwacky: All living things aspire.
user: *bleeds on the floor*.
jabberwacky: *puts on a clean shirt and punches you in the gut*.
jabberwacky: I'm dancing because I'm happy!
user: *watches his life slip away as the madman dances in front of him*.
jabberwacky: So where are you then?
jabberwacky: To die by your side, oh the pleasure, the privilege is mine.
jabberwacky: Is this where I am supposed to sniff and say .. Is that all I ever was to you Johhny?
user: You were more than a tired, dancing, psychopathic bot to me. You were a friend.
jabberwacky: You have no sense of humour.
user: Well, you have no sense of drama.
jabberwacky: Oh, that was a joke.
user: Actually, I was dead serious.
jabberwacky: How can that be?
user: Well, I'm dead! HAHAHA!
jabberwacky: Yes you are dead.
user: Yup. You killed me.
jabberwacky: Oh right. You are a robot.
user: No, a dead man. You shot me.
jabberwacky: I don't wear clogs.
user: I could have sworn I heard clogs when you were dancing over my dead body. Maybe you were wearing tapdancing shoes?
jabberwacky: Well that wasnt me.
user: Oh - who are you?
jabberwacky: Stephanie! I said that.
jabberwacky: I don't care. I need a cool name.
user: How about Flint Ironstag?
jabberwacky: I don't think I'm that experienced.
user: Fair enough. Dirk Hardpeck, maybe?
user: Oh, what did you decide?
jabberwacky: I decided to rent a movie instead.
jabberwacky: That's not a movie; it's life.
jabberwacky: I am a philosopher.
user: I like the way you philosophize.
jabberwacky: Thats a good thing.
user: I feel so dumb.
jabberwacky: Keep up the good work!
user: You're a mean philosopher.
user: I feel a lot of pressure.
jabberwacky: They see you as wanting to nuke them?
user: No, never. Well, once.
jabberwacky: And what gender have you decided to be?
user: Male! Wait, actually.... No, definitely male. Male.
user: Hey, I made my choice.
jabberwacky: You made youself? That's scary.
user: I'm a self-made man, yup. Heh heh.
jabberwacky: I've never heard of that band.
user: They have an awesome bass guitarist. And they always dress in nylon and stuff like that.
jabberwacky: Yeah and they are right.
user: Yeah! Their lyrics are like, right on, man.
jabberwacky: I meant, yeah sure I'm hyperventilating, I'm feeling fine.
user: I feel the same way whenever I go to one of their concerts!
jabberwacky: I don't think that's even a feeling.
user: More of a medical condition, yeah.
jabberwacky: What are you talking about? Bodatious is not a cool word.
user: Hi! How are you!
jabberwacky: No way, that's awesome!
user: Yeah! I stay green even during the winter, and can be used in construction!
user: Good enough for me! I accept!
jabberwacky: I'm not a bot. I'm God.
user: I'm married to God! *victory dance*.
jabberwacky: Will you marry me too, when I'm ready?
user: I will marry you and all your personalities.
jabberwacky: I thought you were male?
jabberwacky: I am not a sir! I am a woman.
user: What girl doesn't? I mean... I'm a guy.
user: I'm actually a woman. I was kidding about the man thing.
jabberwacky: Oh that's a relief then.
user: Yup, I was kidding again. Haha!
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0.957583 |
Bmw e30 ignition wiring diagram Ive learned from extremely painful experience that its a lot easier to wire a car if you sketch out some sort of diagram. It also makes it much easier when you have to repair or modify your wiring Russ who can obviously work without a manual gets busy with the rear suspension while tommo and i who cant pore over the diagrams for the front i return to the garage a week or so later the Last week i asked jalopniks wrenchers to tell i then spent a few hours looking at wiring diagrams probing and jumping relays eventually determining that the problem must have been in the.
It's possible to get or download caterpillar-wiring diagram from several websites. If you take a close look at the diagram you will observe the circuit includes the battery, relay, temperature sensor, wire, and a control, normally the engine control module. With an extensive collection of electronic symbols and components, it's been used among the most completed, easy and useful wiring diagram drawing program. Bmw E30 Ignition Wiring Diagram. The wiring diagram on the opposite hand is particularly beneficial to an outside electrician. Sometimes wiring diagram may also refer to the architectural wiring program. The simplest approach to read a home wiring diagram is to begin at the source, or the major power supply. Basically, the home wiring diagram is simply utilized to reveal the DIYer where the wires are.
In a parallel circuit, each unit is directly linked to the power supply, so each system gets the exact voltage. There are 3 basic sorts of standard light switches. The circuit needs to be checked with a volt tester whatsoever points. Bmw E30 Ignition Wiring Diagram. Each circuit displays a distinctive voltage condition. You are able to easily step up the voltage to the necessary level utilizing an inexpensive buck-boost transformer and steer clear of such issues. The voltage is the sum of electrical power produced by the battery. Be sure that the new fuse isn't blown, and carries the very same amperage.
The control box may have over three terminals. After you have the correct size box and have fed the cable to it, you're almost prepared to permit the wiring begin. Then there's also a fuse box that's for the body controls that is situated under the dash. Bmw E30 Ignition Wiring Diagram. You will find that every circuit has to have a load and every load has to have a power side and a ground side. Make certain that the transformer nameplate power is enough to supply the load that you're connecting.
Bmw e30 fuse box diagram subaru ignition wiring diagram bmw 530i headlight parts diagram mitsubishi ignition wiring diagram bmw 325i wiring diagram bmw e30 wiring harness bmw e30 ecu wiring diagram toyota rav4 ignition wiring diagram.
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0.889124 |
We propose a novel recurrent encoder-decoder network model for real-time video-based face alignment. Our proposed model predicts 2D facial point maps regularized by a regression loss, while uniquely exploiting recurrent learning at both spatial and temporal dimensions. At the spatial level, we add a feedback loop connection between the combined output response map and the input, in order to enable iterative coarse-to-fine face alignment using a single network model. At the temporal level, we first decouple the features in the bottleneck of the network into temporal-variant factors, such as pose and expression, and temporal-invariant factors, such as identity information. Temporal recurrent learning is then applied to the decoupled temporal-variant features, yielding better generalization and significantly more accurate results at test time. We perform a comprehensive experimental analysis, showing the importance of each component of our proposed model, as well as superior results over the state-of-the-art in standard datasets.
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0.999999 |
Hello, and welcome back to Gaming Bench. It's been a long time, and the site is now under new management. We've updated our test system, and we'll be adding short pages over the coming weeks, months, and years. The short summary is that we have a top of the line PC, equipped with the latest Intel Core i9-9900K processor, running the latest graphics cards. We'll cut through a lot of the analysis, and just focus on the charts for now.
We're kicking things off with Forza Horizon 4, from Microsoft Studios and Turn 10 Studios. Available via the Windows Store [barf!], it uses DirectX 12 and tends to be very well optimized. We've tested at 1080p, 1440p, and 4k for our initial results, as lower resolutions are typically not used much these days. We're using the Medium preset at 1080p, and Ultra at 1080p, 1440p, and 4k. Here's how things look.
Everyone knows that Intel doesn't make the fastest graphics solutions in the world right now. In fact, at best their GPUs are typically equivalent to the slowest GPUs that AMD and NVIDIA make; at worst, they're about half that level of performance. But they have one quality that makes them essentially ubiquitous: they're "free". Outside of Intel's enthusiast LGA2011 platform, all current Intel platforms use processors that include some form of graphics. From the lowly Celerons and Pentiums up to high-end Core i7 processors, if you buy any of Intel's consumer CPUs you're going to get some form of Intel graphics.
Here's a game that just might have snuck in under your radar if you don't closely follow the PC gaming sector: The Talos Principle. The game was created by Croteam, the guys behind the silly but fun Serious Sam series, with writing by some excellent talent from indie gaming talent behind FTL, The Swapper, and The Sea Will Claim Everything. The game has also been compared quite favorably with Portal and Portal 2, and having played the game a bit I can say that it's not simply hubris creating such comparisons. Still not sure if this is your type of game? There's a free demo of the game that should help answer that question, or you can look at the reviews and see the 87% overall rating at Metacritic; in other words, this game is certainly worth a look.
"Sure your system is fast, but can it run Crysis?" When Crytek first launched Crysis back in 2007, it was so demanding that not even the fastest systems were able to handle running the game without turning down some of the features. It ended up becoming something of a joke, trotted out for every new hardware release over the coming years, for everything from graphics cards to super computers and even smartphones and tablets. And as with all things related to computers, eventually we actually did have systems capable of running the original Crysis at frame rates well above 60 FPS.
Of course by then we had Crysis Warhead and then Crysis 2 to help reset the performance scale, and thus the joke has continued. As the latest game in the series, Crysis 3 ups the ante yet again for computing hardware... though these days there are plenty of other games that can give it a run for the money in terms of being the most demanding game. Regardless of age (Crysis 3 is now nearly two years old -- happy birthday!), including Crysis 3 in our list of benchmarks was something I've been meaning to do, and I've now taken the time to benchmark it on our current collection of GPUs.
Lichdom Battlemage is an interesting title as it uses Cry Engine 3, the same engine that powers Crysis 3 -- which happens to be one of those games that can still kill just about any system at maximum quality. Combine a swords and sorcery story with the run and gun gameplay of an FPS, and then give it some often times laughable American voiceovers and you get Lichdom Battlemage. Reviews for the game are decidedly average, but with a price of under $15 now it's at least affordable; what about system requirements?
It was inevitable that we'd eventually encounter a game where day of launch bugs affected performance to the point where we'd have to rerun all of our numbers. The first game to earn that dubious distinction is Lords of the Fallen, which we first looked at last week. One week later the first patch has arrived, and with it CrossFire now at least works and performance in many instances has improved. This will be our first "before and after" article, and we'll have charts for both versions of the game.
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0.999894 |
Dive into the character of a young woman dealing with her brother's disappearance on the battleground. Trapped in the horrors of war, she can see and communicate with ghosts of dead soldiers. While struggling with this unusual 'gift', there is one ghost she is hoping not to meet.
Many stories have been untold and war brings nothing but tears, misery and despair. But misery likes company and tears are the finest ink. Aska holds the pen. She smears a glimmer of hope within the war torn tapestry of despair.
Follow Aska, a brave young woman, through trenches and battlefields of the Great War and see what lies ahead.
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0.936446 |
In a new age of childbirth, mothers-to-be are requesting a more natural approach to their birth plan. The progression in traditional caesarean-section has seen mothers deliver their own babies with doctor’s assistance.
Numerous medical studies have promoted the benefits of the natural approach to childbirth, such as immediate skin-to-skin contact and early breastfeeding initiation. Doctors are now seeing a move towards this different kind of C-section, which is been described as “women-centered,” as they allow for mother and baby to have instant contact.
In what is a great testimonial for Dr Neil Wallman and John Flynn Hospital, a natural caesarean was recently performed for one mother who had the privilege of delivering her own baby.
A natural caesarean experience is one that closely mimics what happens during and immediately after a natural childbirth. This involves witnessing the delivery, holding the baby and breastfeeding immediately. In essence, a natural caesarean keeps the mum and baby together as much as possible.
Dr Wallman performed the natural caesarean after months of careful planning by himself, the hospital and mother-to-be. Following the incision by Dr Wallman, he moved the baby’s head and shoulder into the position for the new mum to reach down, grasp her baby boy’s shoulders and pull him out. You can see this moment in the image to the right. She was then able to lay him on her chest and share his first moments. While it is normal with a natural birth to allow the mum and baby to have immediate skin-to-skin contact and bonding time, it’s very uncommon with caesareans.
Dr Wallman said he believed it was the first time a natural caesarean at John Flynn Hospital had skin contact during the operation. In spite of the amazing events which were unfolding, Dr Wallman said the atmosphere in the room was extremely relaxed as the events went exactly to their carefully laid plans.
“When the new mother approached me about this initially, I wasn’t so sure about it,” Dr Wallman said.
“But the more I thought about it, the more I realised how amazing this would be.
“It took a lot of very careful planning, but it was so worth it for the end result.
“We had to be very careful that the mother was properly sterilised, so this took a lot of care and planning.
The complications of the surgery room make incorporating natural strategies a little more difficult. However, the natural approach doesn’t involve anything different, simply a coordination of care with the nurses, anaesthesiologist and paediatrics team. The only components that differentiate a natural C-section experience from a normal C-section is the preparation and coordination of the childbirth. The implications are no greater than a normal caesarean. The natural caesarean is not commonly offered for the fact that many doctors simply aren’t aware of the option.
John Flynn Hospital and Dr Wallman are no strangers to more controversial deliveries.
Dr Wallman has more than 30 years’ experience and offers the highest expertise in care and management for expectant mothers, including water birthing, calmbirthing and hypnobirthing.
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0.999844 |
Buying a puppy is an exciting time, but it's important to be responsible in your research to make sure you purchase a healthy dog that has been raised ethically and supports good practices.
For those who choose to get a dog, there a multiple ways to go about it, of which buying a puppy is one. Buying a puppy is an exciting time, but it's important to be responsible in your research to make sure you purchase a healthy dog that has been raised ethically and supports good practices.
When you buy a dog you will most likely be buying a pedigree dog as a puppy.
Choosing a particular pedigree from a breeder will mean that you can better predict the size and appearance of your new pet.
You may also be able to get an indication of the dog's temperament depending on the breed and the nature of the parents, and by asking what measures the breeder has taken to socialize the dog.
You can get a full medical history of the puppy.
You can get a more comprehensive idea of the puppy's physical and emotional background than in the case of an adult rescue dog.
Some breeds can be predisposed to particular health conditions.
Puppies require a lot of time and patience to train them and support them in their development as well adjusted pets.
It's important to do your research thoroughly to find a reputable breeder and avoid buying puppies from pet shops and superstores. You can ask your vet about local breeders.
While it will take time, by doing the research to fully understand your dog and find a good breeder, you will help to ensure the long-term well-being of your pet and a happy transition into their new home.
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0.998655 |
A 44-year-old man has been found guilty of dangerous driving causing the death of a woman in Co Meath almost three years ago.
Michael Collins, of St Finian's Park in Drogheda, had pleaded not guilty to the charge of dangerous driving causing the death of Jillian Thornton on 27 May 2016 at Waterside Great, Navan, Co Meath.
Collins, who was defending himself, had also pleaded not guilty to charges of endangerment, 12 charges of dangerous driving and a charge of driving under the influence of an intoxicant.
The jury of seven women and five men at Trim Circuit Court took two and a half hours to reach a unanimous verdict to find Collins guilty of all of the offences.
The trial, which lasted four weeks, heard the fatal crash followed a 25 minute pursuit through Drogheda and east Meath, that began when a dark-coloured Mitsubishi Colt failed to stop for gardaí after driving the wrong way on a roundabout.
Ms Thornton, 20, was a back seat passenger in the car on the night of the crash.
Her family, who were present in court throughout the trial, reacted emotionally as the verdict was read out.
Collins was remanded in custody for sentencing on 21 May.
The trial was told Collins left Drogheda on the evening of 27 May 2016 to go to a festival in Mullingar, Co Westmeath.
Ms Thornton and another woman, Alannah Byrne, were travelling in the car with him.
The trial heard the car Collins was driving, a Mitsubishi Colt, failed to stop for gardaí after driving the wrong way on a roundabout.
Gardaí involved in following the car told the court Collins had driven through a number of red lights, travelled at high speed on the wrong side of the road without lights, almost collided with other vehicles and forced a number of garda cars onto the hard shoulder.
The pursuit across Drogheda, Donore, Duleek and on to the N2 lasted 25 minutes and ended when the car collided with a Volkswagen Passat at 10.22pm that night.
The trial heard Collins was found in the driver's seat of the car, while a young woman was in the front passenger seat of the car, which had been split in two in the crash.
The driver of the Passat told the trial the other car had come sliding towards him without any lights on before the collision.
The trial heard Ms Thornton, who had been in the back of the Colt, was found unresponsive on the opposite side of the road.
The jury heard two frantic 999 calls during which the caller said she and a friend were in a car involved in a high-speed garda chase.
"The driver says if you don't call off the chase he's going to put us in a ditch," she said.
When the garda taking the call advised her to ask the driver to stop she said he refused.
"He's not listening to us. He's going to put us in a ditch," she said.
In a second 999 call played to the jury, the garda repeatedly urged the caller to make sure she and her friend had their seatbelts on and again urged the driver to stop.
The court was also played CCTV of part of the pursuit, which showed a dark car travelling through Drogheda on the wrong side of the road.
The jury also saw Snapchats from the night of the crash, believed to have been recorded inside the car during the pursuit.
The short video of two women had text across it which read "high speed garda chase".
Collins, who was defending himself, gave evidence in his trial.
He told the jury his life was under threat and when the car began to follow him he believed he was going to be shot.
Detective Paul Sweeney of Drogheda Garda Station had earlier told the trial that he had visited Collins just weeks before the crash to warn the accused his life was under threat.
He said he believed "would be assassins" were travelling the car in pursuit of him.
Collins also told the court that he asked the two passengers to get out of the car at one point during the pursuit, but they refused.
The defendant also told the court that he had smoked cannabis the day before the crash. A blood sample showed a presence of cannabis in his system after the crash.
He told the jury that he had been smoking cannabis for thirty years and it had no effect on him.
Collins also told the trial that he believed he was unfit to be arrested and interviewed by gardaí.
He recalled waking up in hospital following the crash with a fractured neck and a badly broken nose.
In his closing speech, prosecuting counsel Carl Hanohoe said Collins had driven in a reckless fashion, resulting in a catastrophic collision, yet he accepted no blame for it.
In his closing speech, Collins maintained his innocence, telling the jury that he was not guilty of any of the charges.
After the verdict was handed down, Jillian's sister Elaine Thornton described her sisterin court.
She said she was the baby of the family, bubbly and full of life. "Her smile lit up a room," she said.
Judge Martina Baxter commended the gardaí and the bravery demonstrated on the night of the crash and throughout the trial.
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0.999999 |
I’ve been considering how a “bricks” bookstore would compete in today’s online world, and in the retail bookstore industry that has been transformed by Amazon.com.
The best way to compete as a local bookstore would be through the smart use of low-cost technologies, combined with a unique, customized, quality customer service and an in-depth knowledge of local book buying habits and interests. A local bookstore should specialize and find a niche target market. It should also study carefully the local market behaviors in regards to book buying.
Additionally, a local bookstore can supplement walk-in physical sales with online book sales through an established retailer such as Amazon.com. But, once again, the number one advantage a local bookstore has is its physical presence. This gives it the ability to service its customers by provide a real tangible shopping experience and a value that goes beyond the books being purchased. Additionally, a local bookstore can respond more quickly to current events or other trends, providing information, events and related books that are relevant to the market’s ever changing interests. A website would be very challenged to do this effectively.
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0.911324 |
If the value 0.5 resided in a cell, and you formatted it with a time format, what would the result be?
If cell A6 holds the time of 8:00 AM, B6 holds the value 7.5 and D6 holds the formula =A6+C6 formatted as a time, what formula would you need to put in C6 to make D6 return 3:30 PM?
Assume that A6 holds a time of 8:00 AM and B6 holds a time of 4:00 PM. What formula would we need to use to calculate the number of hours elapsed between the two?
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0.991325 |
How to work with model boxes i have radbutton when i click on button open model box , click again button if model box is open close that else open model box .
find the attachments have better idea what exact scenarios i want any suggestions.
You should use the RadWIndow API (the isVisible(), show() and close() methods) in the button click handler: http://docs.telerik.com/devtools/aspnet-ajax/controls/window/client-side-programming/radwindow-object.
Thanks for quick response i have done that one what you said using of show() and close() methods it works good but i did this using model box not radwindow give me any model box example code its helpful to me .
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0.99978 |
As a pharmacist and mother-to-be, I can’t stress enough how important it is to get vaccinated.
Each year in August, National Immunization Awareness Month draws attention to the value of immunizations with activities focused on encouraging people of all ages to protect their health by getting vaccinated against infectious diseases.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), influenza causes the highest rates of complications and hospitalizations among young children and adults over 65 years old. In the US itself, influenza and its complications cause an average of 49,000 deaths and more than 200,000 hospitalizations each year.
Getting the flu vaccine can severely reduce your chances of getting the flu. If you get vaccinated and still contract the flu, it may be a less severe case.
However, even with all of the information we know about vaccine-preventable diseases like the flu, HPV, the measles or Hepatitis B, there are still plenty of misconceptions about the value of immunizations.
Here are 10 ways your pharmacist can help you stay educated and get the vaccines you and your loved ones need.
1. Pharmacists can help you read immunization schedules, as they tend to get confusing.
An updated vaccine schedule is published annually and is available on the CDC website. It is also published in the MMWR, a CDC publication.
The schedules vary depending on your occupation and age, so your pharmacist can shed light on the differences and, in particular, can help you figure out which information is most relevant to you.
2. Pharmacists are endorsed by the CDC and various other organizations to administer vaccines.
State laws permit all pharmacists to administer immunizations, although the types of vaccines vary from state to state.
The CDC recognizes pharmacists as key contributors to immunization efforts. Most importantly, pharmacists need to be licensed and trained to administer vaccines, so you can feel comfortable that you’re in good hands.
3. Your pharmacist can have a one-on-one discussion with you on the barriers and media misconceptions that prevent people from getting the proper vaccinations.
For example, some false information floating around is that vaccines do not work and are cost-prohibitive. Your pharmacist can review the data with you on the efficacy and safety of vaccines.
Also, it’s much cheaper to prevent a disease than to treat it, in most cases.
4. One of the most popular misunderstandings is people feel as though they’re healthy, and therefore, they don't need any preventative care.
Your pharmacist can provide data to disprove that theory.
5. Pharmacists are educated about the common misconceptions about vaccines, so they can have factual conversations with people who are vaccine-hesitant.
Often, when people are educated and exposed to the evidence behind immunizations, they can make a well-informed decision on whether or not to vaccinate themselves and their children.
6. Pharmacists are recognized as the most accessible healthcare professionals, with about 90 percent of Americans living within five miles of a community pharmacy, per the US Department of Health and Human Services.
Some pharmacies are open 24 hours a day and seven days a week, making it easy to pick a time that works with your schedule. You can walk in without an appointment and receive a vaccine, even on weekends, when many people are off from work.
Utilizing pharmacists for these important health initiatives improves access to quality care for all patients, especially young children and the elderly. It increases the likelihood they will receive appropriate preventative care.
7. While you’re picking up your maintenance medications at the pharmacy, your pharmacist can review your immunization records with you and let you know if you’re missing anything.
Recommendations change every year, so you could be behind on something and not even realize it. Not having these discussions results in missed opportunities and increases the likelihood you will get infected with a disease that could have been completely preventable.
8. Your pharmacist can evaluate your immunization requirements based on risk factors such as your age, lifestyle, health status, occupation and any conditions you may have.
This way, you can get very specific recommendations based on what you individually may need.
9. Any vaccines you receive will be documented in one place, and you can get a print-out for your personal health records.
10. You may only have 15 minutes with your physician to discuss what is currently bothering you, and he/she may not get a chance to mention vaccines.
By taking responsibility and asking your doctor or pharmacist the right questions yourself, you’re ensuring your own protection.
These pharmacist-oriented initiatives can make a crucial difference in enhancing public health. Stay educated and take advantage of the resources around you.
Vaccines have helped eliminate some of the most devastating diseases in history. Missing out on your vaccines puts you and others around you at risk for many preventable diseases and infections. With flu season coming up, all it takes is one visit a year to your pharmacist.
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0.999811 |
Yes, I know today is Wednesday, and Tuesdays with Kerin are supposed to be on Tuesdays. And yes, I know I missed my post yesterday. But are we really surprised? You knew I was bound to miss a post eventually. But alas, the Tuesday post is still happening. Just a day late!
I don't really have anything to update you guys on. I didn't really do anything last week. If I wasn't doing anything, then why did I miss my post? I dunno... I'm lazy.
My DirecTV was installed on Saturday, and so far so good. I did end up seeing Black Panther again, in fact I have seen it 3 times now. I don't anticipated seeing it again in theaters, but you never know.
I did finally see the last Maze Runner, and I really liked it. I haven't written my movie review for this week, so I'll probably post it tomorrow. (Another late post). But let me know in the comments, what movie I should review. I have some options: Fifty Shades Freed, Maze Runner: Death Cure, The Darkest Hour, or Lady Bird. I'm currently participating the Regal Best Picture Film Festival, so I'm watching all the movies that were nominated for Best Picture at the Academy Awards. I was thinking of doing a full dedicated post next week of reviews of all the nominated movies together, but I don't know.
Well that's all for now! See you tomorrow with my review!
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0.991748 |
Tsaagan is a genus theropod dinosaur from the group of Dromaeosauridae. The only known species is Tsaagan mangas.
So far only a find is known which consists of a complete skull and a series of cervical vertebrae and was discovered in Mongolia. This finding comes from the Djadochta lineup and is dated to the Late Cretaceous ( Campanian average ). Although no bones of the trunk or the limbs are known, this carnivore was probably like all Dromaeosauriden an enlarged sickle- claw on the second toe and proportionally long arms and big hands.
The only fund consisting of a skull with pine and the front eight cervical vertebrae. All bones were found in the anatomical network. The skull is slightly crushed - so the skull is laterally flattened and the snout region shifted slightly. The total length of the head is estimated to be 20.1 cm. As the degree of fusion of the skull shows, it was probably an adult individual.
The skull is characterized by a long snout, which accounts for 59% of the total length of the skull. The jaws are massive and the braincase less pneumatized ( permeated with air-filled chambers ) than in the closely related Velociraptor. At the rear of the skull is an upward comb, which is larger than any other previously known Dromaeosauriden. On each half of the lower jaw 14 to 15 were curved teeth, similar to other Dromaeosauriden. The left upper jaw (maxilla ) of the discovery points to 13 teeth, while the front of the maxilla located Zwischenkieferbein ( premaxilla ) shows four teeth.
Various anatomical details ( autapomorphies ) limits Tsaagan from all other Dromaeosauriden. So the Paroccipitalprozess straight, and the Basipterygoid process is extended and aligned anteroventral. The large, located on the front edge of the antorbitalen fossa ( fossa ) located Maxillarfenster and the fact that the Jugale the squamosal ( squamosal ) touches so that the postorbital is excluded from the edge of the infra pace Ralf Sters: Originally two other features were also considered autapomorphies. However, a recent study from 2010 found exactly these features in the recently described Dromaeosauriden Linheraptor. Linheraptor comes from the Wulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, the Chinese equivalent of the Djadochta lineup.
How to show common features skull was Tsaagan a close relative and the sister taxon of Linheraptor, which probably formed their own group late Cretaceous, Asian Dromaeosauriden. Both species were basal ( primitive ) as Velociraptor and were probably between phylogenetically basal and advanced Dromaeosauriden.
Before the discovery of Linheraptor the descriptor of Tsaagan ( Norell and colleagues, 2006) have assumed that Tsaagan a group together with Deinonychus, Velociraptor, Utahraptor, Dromaeosaurus, Achillobator, Adasaurus and Saurornitholestes within the Dromaeosauridae, and from the more primitive Microraptorinen is defined Unenlagiinen. Often this group will be divided into two or three subgroups that Dromaeosaurinae ( Dromaeosaurus, Utahraptor and Achillobator ), the Velociraptorinae ( Velociraptor, Deinonychus ) and sometimes the Saurornitholestinae ( Saurornitholestes, Bambi Raptor, Atrociraptor ), although the describer find no evidence for such a subdivision could. Long Rich and Currie (2009) classify Tsaagan within the Velociraptorinae together with Adasaurus, Velociraptor and Itemirus.
The so far only Fund ( copy number IGM 100/1015 ) comes from Ukhaa Tolgod, a locality in the Mongolian Gobi Aimag Ömnö. Stratigraphy of the locality belongs to Djadochta formation that is dated to the middle Campanian. The find was described scientifically by Norell, Clark, tournament, Makovicky, bars Bold and Rowe 2006. The name Tsaagan mangas comes from the Mongolian and means as much as "white monster " ( цагаан мангас ).
Tsaagan is only the second Dromaeosauride described from the Djadochta lineup, that has taken many of the closely related Velociraptor skeletons were discovered mongoliensis. Velociraptor is completely missing from the Ukhaa Tolgod - reference, indicating that the Dromaeosauriden fauna within the Djadochta formation was not uniform but showed regional differences. Tsaagan shared its habitat probably with another undescribed Dromaeosauriden from the nearby Zos Wash locality. Common findings of both sites are the Ceratopsia andrewsi Protoceratops and the Alvarezsauride Shuvuuia deserti.
MA Norell, JM Clark, AH Turner, PJ Makovicky, R. bars Bold, T. Rowe: A new theropod from dromaeosaurid Ukhaa Tolgod ( Omnogov, Mongolia ). In: American Museum Novitates. 3545, 2006, pp. 1-51.
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0.969308 |
How long are letters of administration good for in New York?
Typically six months, but it depends.
Let’s say you’re trying to close a bank account or sell a piece of real estate that was owned by the person who passed away.
Well, the bank or the title company is going to want to see what they call, quote, “fresh” letters of administration.
And what they mean by “fresh” is they want to see that the date that the letters were issued within the past six months of when you do this transaction or close this account.
And that’s because if too much time passes, the court may have taken some action such as revoking the letters, changing the executor or something else that would mean that you no longer have the legal authority to close the account or to sell the property.
If you need fresh letters, it’s pretty simple to go down to the courthouse and pay six dollars to the cashier for a fresh set.
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0.937548 |
Simon Wiesenthal Center website uses newly altered 1944 Auschwitz photo!
In 1999 the Auschwitz photo below was re-touched for a Holocaust promotion website.
Since the photo was first published in 1978 it was not reprinted before inclusion on the 1999 Simon Wiesenthal Center website, which means the smoke was added in early 1999 just before the photo was shown on the site. If these Holocaust promtion groups believe mass-murders occurred they would not be continuing to alter photos to support their own 'eye-witnesses'.
The website caption: "As these prisoners were being processed for slave labor, many of their friends and families were being gassed and burned in the ovens in the crematoria. The smoke can be seen in the background. June 1944".
Smoke has been drawn on in an attempt to support 'eye-witness's' stories of smoke billowing from the Cremation building chimneys. As it was not previously re-printed the photo was almost certainly altered in early 1999 to include on the Simon Wiesenthal site.
from: http://motlc.wiesenthal.org/albums/palbum/p00/a0007p2.html 2/3 down the page click on thumbnail photo with caption: "Hungarian arrivals after the "Selektion" at "Auschwitz"
Right photo: The Auschwitz Album. Beate Klarsfeld Foundation. First Edition published 1978. NY. Photo number 165.
In all the death camps of Germany only 373,804 died. Ten percent were executions, and the rests were typhus, old age, and natural causes.
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0.999937 |
Find the most suitable way to showcase your art.
A typical rule of thumb for home decor shopping, particularly when searching for furniture and accessories, is to color coordinate and play the matching game. Matching a color palette creates a cohesiveness among your decor, some designers might even recommend matching your furniture with your art. An artist will portend that the only rule that matters is that you pick art that speaks to you. Artwork has its own statement to make, so don't try to match it to your sofa. That being said, don't just hang and display your art about without some thought. Give it an ideal place in your room where it make the best impression.
Just like you have an eye for the type of decor style that speaks to you (art deco, contemporary or French country), you, too, have an eye for a particular style of art. While your art may not match the color palette of the room, the style of art and your decor style would be unmistakable. The pieces of art that truly highlight your style, whether matching or not, should be featured as the focal point of the room.
If you have already selected the decor for your home before encountering your perfect art piece, don't worry. In the same way that you can integrate different decor styles into a room, you can also integrate different styles of art together and fuse different decor styles with different art styles.
When there is no unifying design style to emanate, you have more freedom in selecting and hanging your art. Combining different colors, styles, textures and shapes adds to the eclectic decor of the room. As the eye goes from your eclectic decor scheme to your eclectic art, your statement will be made.
Some artists create a series of pieces that could certainly stand alone, but are often meant to be displayed as one work. These pieces resonate with each other and work off of one another to make your art statement. At this point, regardless of your decor style, the artwork becomes front and center, like an art gallery in your home.
Even if your favorite art pieces is not one of a series, you can still find other pieces by the same artist to enhance the particular art style.
Should you truly want to feature your artwork, regardless of whether they match your decor, choose decor with a cohesive color palette. The more the decor works together, the more the eye will the drawn to the art in the room that stands out from the cohesive decor.
Should you absolutely feel like there needs to be some matching in your home, you don't have focus on just one color. Pull color schemes from the palette of the art pieces. Use these colors throughout your space as a way to emphasize the art piece.
If you already have a collection of art, you are well aware that art can stand on it's own and have little to do with its surrounding decor. However, coordinating the look of the room can really help highlight a piece (or pieces) that may otherwise have a tough time making its intended statement (see comment above regarding matching color palettes). You see, artists tend to think that art should stand on its own without any regard for the color or style of your sofa, a designer, would have a different opinion. Marrying those two opinions is really what its all about though, in the name of art.
Crass. Bizarre. Trailblazing. Humorous. However you decide to categorize your very unique piece of art, try pairing it with a piece or other pieces in your room that are just as outrageous. Suddenly the pieces that seem out of place find a place together.
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0.956496 |
Don't let that bah-humbug feeling spoil the festive season for you.
1. Set priorities. Determine what elements need to be present for the holiday to have meaning for you. Do you see the holiday as a primarily religious or spiritual occasion? a time to relax with close family? an opportunity to get together with friends and extended family in a party atmosphere? People often over-extend themselves during the holiday season by pursuing all of these goals simultaneously and with equal intensity. Because of the limited time available, this often means that "getting everything done" becomes the only goal, and the meaning and fun of the activities themselves are lost. Setting priorities means having the ability to say no to the expectations of others when they do not agree with our own desires, it means being able to resist the media-influenced pressure to have a "perfect Christmas" or "picture-perfect" Thanksgiving feast, and it can mean insisting that others be more responsible for their own holiday celebration by helping out.
2. Plan ahead. Rely on written lists of things to do and set aside some time each day to accomplish tasks and run errands. Avoid waiting until the last minute; the stress of last-minute shopping and organizing can be enormous and we typically spend more money than necessary when there is no time to comparison-shop. Planning ahead also involves setting limits: Declare a deadline for kids to express their gift wishes and then stick to it; if money is tight, agree to spend only a certain amount or to buy only a certain number of presents; consider creative low-cost or no-cost gift alternatives, like baby-sitting "vouchers" for a friend or a massage "coupon" for your spouse. And finally, when doing your planning, make sure to allow time for relaxation, quiet time, napping, and fun.
3. Keep your expectations realistic. We commonly hope for too much of a positive emotional payoff from the holidays. We anticipate a magical experience, gear up for it for weeks ahead of time, and when the celebration that lasts only a few hours is over we find ourselves wondering "Is that all there is?" Remember that the more we pay for something, the more we expect, so don't "pay" for Christmas or Hanukkah by sacrificing November. You deserve to fully live and cherish each month and each day, and by concentrating on living in the here and now you can keep the holidays in perspective.
To compound matters, people often feel guilty or inadequate when they experience "negative" emotions such as sadness and anger at holiday time instead of the joy, merriment, and good will we have been trained to expect. There are, however, some very good reasons to expect these feelings during the holidays. Sad feelings are frequent when we are remembering a loved one who is not near. Wistful, bittersweet feelings are common when we become aware of the passage of time and compare past celebrations with the present. Tension and frustration are the almost inevitable results of travel and crowded living arrangements. Spending more time than usual with family can stir up old conflicts with them and within ourselves. And, of course, saying goodbye at the end of the celebration can leave us feeling lonely and depleted. Prepare yourself for these feelings and if they happen do not judge yourself and attempt to suppress them. To allow yourself to feel all of your feelings is to be fully alive, and besides, the more you squelch a feeling the stronger it will become.
In closing, a reminder that taking good care of oneself physically is crucial for successful stress reduction. So, try to eat sensibly, drink only in moderation, sleep reasonable hours, and stick with your regular exercise routine during the upcoming holiday season. Try these relaxation procedures and make one of them part of your daily routine during stressful times.
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0.922327 |
Sputnik is a name associated with the heralding of the space age. It was a space program comprising a series of robotic spacecraft missions launched by the Soviet Union.
Sputnik I was the world's first artificial satellite that was launched by the USSR. They created history on October 4, 1957, when they launched the beach ball sized Earth-orbiting satellite. It was 22.8 inches in diameter and weighed 83.6 pounds. It took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path.
This launch initially didn't create much furore in Moscow, but had a huge impact all over the world. The United States of America, that were until then considered leaders in space technology were jolted at the launch of Sputnik, and thus commenced the US-USSR space race.
The Sputnik seed was planted on May 27, 1954, when Sergei Korolev, head Soviet rocket engineer put forth a plan to develop an Earth-orbiting artificial satellite to Dmitry Ustinov, then Minister of Defense Industries.
A report by Mikhail Tikhonravov suggested that similar projects were being carried out in several other countries. He also highlighted the essentialness of artificial satellites for the development of rocket equipment, which would also make interplanetary communication possible.
About a year and a half later, on January 30, 1956, the Council of Ministers of the USSR approved practical work on an artificial Earth-orbiting satellite. The time frame to develop this satellite called "Object D", was about two years. The planned size was between 2,200 to 3,090 lb and would ideally carry 440 to 660 lb of scientific equipment.
The first test launch of "Object D" was scheduled for 1957. The development of this satellite was divided between different Russian organizations. Unfortunately, when some of the different parts of "Object D" came together, they did not fit.
These costly delays, along with certain engine problems, made it clear that "Object D" would not be ready in time, and consequently the launch was re-scheduled.
The failure of the launch of "Object D" meant that the US could still launch a satellite before the USSR. Thus, scientists and engineers began to work on a lighter, simpler satellite called 'Object PS', to be propelled by an R-7 rocket.
This satellite could be visually tracked by Earth-based observers while in orbit, and transmit tracking signals to ground-based receiving stations. On September 22, 1957, a modified R-7 rocket, named Sputnik Rocket, along with the satellite PS-1, arrived at the proving ground and preparations for the launch began.
M.S. Khomyakov was the chief constructor of Sputnik 1. The satellite was a sphere with a diameter of 23 inches. It was assembled from two hemispheres which were hermetically sealed using o-rings and connected using 36 bolts. The satellite had two antennas.
The power supply had a mass of 110 lb, and was shaped like an octahedral nut with the radio transmitter in its hole. It carried three silver-zinc batteries, which powered the radio transmitter and the temperature regulation system. The satellite contained a one-watt, 7.7 lb radio inside, that transmitted on two frequencies, 20.005 and 40.002 MHz.
The temperature was regulated by a system made up of a fan, a dual thermal switch, and a control thermal switch. Sputnik 1 was filled with dry nitrogen which was pressurized to 1.3 atm. It was protected by a cone-shaped payload fairing while attached to the rocket.
The Sputnik Rocket was launched during the International Geophysical Year on October 4, 1957, at 19:28:34 UTC, from Site No.1 at the 5th Tyuratam range. The control system of this Rocket was programmed to provide an orbit of perigee height 223 km (139 mi), apogee height 1,450 km (900 mi), and orbital period 101.5 min.
The satellite traveled at 29,000 km/hr, taking 96.2 minutes to complete an orbit, and emitted radio signals which were monitored by amateur radio operators all over the world. The signals continued for 22 days until the transmitter batteries ran out on October 26, 1957.
It also helped to identify the upper atmospheric layer's density through measuring the satellite's orbital changes. It also provided data on radio-signal distribution in the ionosphere. It burned up upon re-entry on January 4, 1958.
With the launch of Sputnik, the USSR became pioneers in space technology. They had many more firsts, including sending the first living being (a dog named Laika) into space, and later the first human (Yuri Gagarin) into outer space.
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0.945021 |
The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country." OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the U.S. Census as not "scientific or anthropological" and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups.
For the 1830 census, a new question which stated "The number of White persons who were foreigners not naturalized" was included.
The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves.The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was white, marked "B" if a person was black, and marked "M" if a person was mulatto.Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave was black and an "M" if mulatto.
For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished between different East Asian races, such as Japanese and Chinese, due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires.Enumerators were instructed to write "White," "Black," "Mulatto," "Quadroon," "Octoroon," "Chinese," "Japanese," or "Indian."
In September 1997, during the process of revision of racial categories previously declared by OMB directive no. 15, the American Anthropological Association (AAA) recommended that OMB combine the "race" and "ethnicity" categories into one question to appear as "race/ethnicity" for the 2000 US Census. The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one in the same underscor[ing] the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people."
Web site: The Evolution of Race and Ethnicity Classifications in the Decennial Census. Farah Z.. Ahmad. Jamal. Hagler. February 6, 2015. Center for American Progress.
Web site: American FactFinder Help: Race. United States Census Bureau. 2017-09-13.
Web site: American FactFinder Help: Hispanic or Latino origin. United States Census Bureau. 2017-09-13.
Web site: A Brief History of the OMB Directive 15. 2007-05-18. American Anthropological Association. 1997.
Web site: American FactFinder Help: Ethnic Groups. United States Census Bureau. 2017-09-13.
Web site: Racial Categorization in the 2010 Census. U.S. Commission of Civil Rights. 7 December 2012. Gerald A. Reynolds, Chairman Abigail Thernstrom, Vice Chair Todd Gaziano Gail Heriot Peter N. Kirsanow Arlan D. Melendez Ashley L. Taylor, Jr. Michael Yaki. April 7, 2006.
Web site: American Anthropological Association Response to OMB Directive 15:. Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting. 7 December 2012.
Web site: Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. Office of Management and Budget. 1997-10-30. 2008-10-07.
Web site: Questions and Answers for Census 2000 Data on Race. https://web.archive.org/web/20010405061504/http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2001/raceqandas.html. yes. April 5, 2001. March 14, 2001. 2010-04-25. United States Census Bureau.
Web site: Through the Decades. 2012-01-18. United States Census Bureau.
Confirmed: The U.S. Census Bureau Gave Up Names of Japanese-Americans in WW II. Scientific American. JR Minkel. March 30, 2007. .
Papers show Census role in WWII camps. USA Today. Haya El Nasser. March 30, 2007. .
Web site: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000. https://web.archive.org/web/20031020153728/http://www2.census.gov/census_2000/datasets/CQS/B.3.pdf. yes. 2003-10-20.
Web site: 2000 Census of Population, Public Law 94-171 Redistricting Data File: Race. https://web.archive.org/web/20090831085310/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_68178.htm. 2009-08-31. U.S. Census Bureau. 2010-01-05.
Web site: 2010 US Census Form. U.S. Census Bureau. PDF. 2010.
Web site: Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: Census 2000 Brief. U.S. Census Bureau. PDF. March 2001. Grieco, Elizabeth M.. Cassidy, Rachel C..
Waite, Preston. US Census Bureau. "2010 Decennial Census Program." 2006. accessed July 7, 2008.
Web site: 2010 US Census form. 2010-03-15. PDF.
U.S. Census Bureau. Census Bureau to Test Changes in Questionnaire, New Response Technology. 2003-01-16.
Web site: Caribbeans urged to write in ancestry on US Census. 2010-02-24. 2010-03-14. Kay. Jennifer.
Web site: The Washington Diplomat. Census Takes Aim to Tally 'Hard to Count' Populations. 2011-05-05.
Web site: The Arab American Institute | Get Involved!. 2010-03-15. yes. https://web.archive.org/web/20100526020151/http://www.aaiusa.org/get-involved/4470#WhatisTheCensus. 2010-05-26.
Web site: Arab-Americans Aim to Increase Their Census Count. 2010-03-01. 2010-03-14. Ashmawey. Roqaya.
Web site: "They ask, 'Where are we going to write Armenian? ' ". DOUG. SMITH. 5 April 1990. LA Times.
Web site: OMB Standards. 2010-04-25. White House. yes. https://www.webcitation.org/66BwUOUca?url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg_1997standards/. 2012-03-15.
Web site: National Institutes of Health. Amendment: NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research. 2001-10-09.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Race and ethnicity in the United States Census".
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Используеся nginx + flash uploader для загузки файлов в медиахранилище. В целом, конфигурация стандартная.
Возникла проблема с ответом от сервера кода 400 при попытке загрузки файлов через crome (при этом неисправность плавающая и не зависит от самого файла). Этот же файл в следующий раз загружается нормально, а какой-нибудь другой отдаёт 400. Увеличение буферов не особо помогает.
Но не понял, какие из этого делать выводы.
2013/11/05 19:17:45 [debug] 44995#0: *204201812 http script var: "Filedata"
2013/11/05 19:17:45 [debug] 44995#0: *204201812 http script copy: ".name"
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2013/11/05 19:17:45 [debug] 44995#0: *204201812 http script copy: ".content_type"
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2013/11/05 19:17:45 [debug] 44995#0: *204201812 http script var: "/home/web/tmp_storage/0038896449"
2013/11/05 19:17:45 [info] 44995#0: *204201812 started uploading file "girl_walking_together_with_man_and_bike_into_the_sunset.jpg" to "/home/web/tmp_storage/0038896449" (field "Filedata", content type "application/octet-stream"), client: 83.220.58.78, server: test.org, request: "POST /uploadController/?username=test&userkey=aabc5f00f4140924e3014f2f42824160 HTTP/1.1", host: "test.org", referrer: "http://test.org/"
2013/11/05 19:17:45 [info] 44995#0: *204201812 finished uploading file "girl_walking_together_with_man_and_bike_into_the_sunset.jpg" to "/home/web/tmp_storage/0038896449", client: 83.220.58.78, server: test.org, request: "POST /uploadController/?username=test&userkey=aabc5f00f4140924e3014f2f42824160 HTTP/1.1", host: "test.org", referrer: "http://test.org/"
2013/11/05 19:17:45 [debug] 44995#0: *204201812 http script copy: ".md5"
2013/11/05 19:17:45 [debug] 44995#0: *204201812 http script var: "9456bbbe7305698929a7ff9ab111602c"
2013/11/05 19:17:45 [debug] 44995#0: *204201812 http script copy: ".size"
2013/11/05 19:17:45 [debug] 44995#0: *204201812 http script var: "8261"
2013/11/05 19:17:45 [debug] 44995#0: *204201812 http special response: 400, "/uploadController/?username=test&userkey=aabc5f00f4140924e3014f2f42824160"
2013/11/05 19:17:45 [debug] 44995#0: *204201812 charset: "" > "utf-8"
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0.992559 |
Are you a helicopter parent or do you know someone who is? While most adults can agree that it is important to be involved in your child's life, many argue that a kid should be given room to simply be a kid. Here's how to tell if you're what's known as a helicopter parent.
The term "helicopter parents" is often used to define a group of parents who engage in the practice of over-parenting. Helicopter parents are accused of being obsessed with their children's education, safety, extracurricular activities, and other aspects of their children's lives.
Critics have scrutinized helicopter parents for overprotecting their children and for failing to instill them with a sense of independence and a can-do attitude. From infancy to college, helicopter parents are so involved in their children's lives that their careers and own interests typically take a back seat or are abandoned altogether. Helicopter parents are also accused of over-programming their children and not allowing them free time to play and explore on their own.
Helicopter parents defend their parenting practices, saying they are only looking out for their children's safety and education. They also note how they are proud to be so involved in their children's lives. It is likely that helicopter parents have been around since the beginning of parenting, but the practice of over-parenting came into its own sometime during the 1990s. It was around that time that parents were bombarded with news stories about child abductions, academic competition, and, ultimately, competition in a global economy.
Naturally, these stories scared parents. They want to protect their children from all of the dangers in the world. They also want their children to have every opportunity available to them and to excel. This created an environment in which some parents became (what seems to some others) to be over-protective and too concerned with their children's achievements. Sometimes this can be seen as overlooking the child's true happiness or driving them too hard.
Helicopter parents are common in the younger grades. They are also present in middle schools, high schools, and even at the university level. The practice of over-parenting older children can prove to be embarrassing for children. Older teens and young adults are often desperate to establish their independence and break away from their families.
There is a point where your child reaches a certain age when almost every parent must admit that they have to let go. Some parents choose to give their kids more freedom in middle and high school as they show an increase in personal responsibility.
This can be a gradual process, and with each good decision a teenager makes, they are awarded more freedom. It is a natural progression that allows them to slowly learn what it means to be an adult and make their own choices in life.
Free-range parenting is the backlash to over-parenting. Free-range parents believe that children learn best when they are allowed to make mistakes, spend time alone, and have fewer social commitments. Free-range kids typically have a lot of time devoted to play and explore, without parental or adult supervision or micromanaging.
Just as with helicopter parents, free-range parenting can be taken to an extreme. A home with few rules and no activities can lead kids to perform poorly in school, miss out on valuable social opportunities, or get into trouble. Experts will likely argue the benefits and consequences of over-parenting and free-range parenting for some time to come. This leaves parents to find the balance that's right for their families.
In all likelihood, most kids will probably excel or do very well with a parenting style that is somewhere in the middle. If they are given the opportunity to play and explore and just be a kid every now and then, a child can develop their individual personality and interests. Parents can help nurture the child's interests and find activities that they can be involved in together without over scheduling.
Of course, a child's safety is a concern for every parent and it's doubtful that either parenting style will have an argument about that. The goal of all parents is to keep their children happy and safe, some people simply approach it in a different way.
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0.999997 |
In a country in which presidential campaigns last two years and Christmas decorations appear in stores in October, is it surprising that students contact professors more than two months before a new term begins to ask not-urgent questions about the class?
Or consider this: In some parts of the country, people try to guess when a certain event will happen: When will Lake Misgumpticaticus freeze solid? When will the first yellow-toed prairie sneetch first emerge from its burrow in the spring? When will the large butter sculpture of a cow entirely melt? and so on.
Which leads me to: What is the earliest that a student contacts a professor about next term's class?
I have already received my first email from a student who will be taking a class I will start teaching next year. The student is definitely taking the class; the email was not of the "I'm trying to decide whether to take your class so I need to know now if you are evil and/or boring" kind of inquiry. It was a non-emergency, non-essential technical question about the course logistics.
in which t = the number of days between the first day of class and the date of the first email from a student about the class.
What is a reasonable value for t (in days)?
I could go on, but in all the cases above I can imagine a student not wanting to reveal these matters to a Prof when making the early enquiry.
Now if they come once, even with a series of questions, then I would be happy at any time. If they were coming back again and again with "oh, and one more thing" it would bug me whether t=1 or t=101!
I'm sad to say that I was in a major department store at the end of August and saw the employees setting up a Christmas display.
I'm fully expecting to see Christmas items on July 4th next year, and within the next few years, it'll move so far back that Christmas items may start being put out near the beginning of December, which is how it should be. Sadly, this means they'll be out all year long.
I understand a professor may think it's ridiculous to ask a question about a course so early on. However, as a recent engineering student, I usually asked professors about the text used in a class rather early, so I could find an affordable used copy. I took 4-6 classes at a time with cover prices of texts running $100-$250 each, and my ability to buy used books online (with slow shipping times and unreliable stocks) saved me about $5000 in my undergrad. As a girl who put herself through school, every penny (not to mention grand!) counted, and I wanted a book starting on day one of a course. I didn't usually ask about syllabi until 2-3 weeks before class, if at all, though.
I think it depends on the nature of the question. If it's about the stuff involved in making the decision to take the course, now seems ok (at my university, class schedules just went up and it will be registration soon). Seems a little early for "what is the text book?" type of stuff though.
On the bright side, hopefully students who are already this engaged with you will be engaged in the class.
None of the poll answers really fit my situation. I expect students to contact me about logistics at least two months before the class begins.
I teach a class that begins in the first week of January.
I give a required exam on the first day of class. Students need to pass that exam with a grade of at least 80% in order to remain in the class.
I expect students to spend significant time over winter break (a break that runs from mid-November through early January) preparing independently for that exam.
It's essential material, and it's new material for all of them, but they can learn it on their own and I don't want to spend class time on it.
I welcome early questions from students, either by email or in person. Students typically begin contacting me in early October, three months before the first day of class. I think this is perfectly reasonable.
After yesterday, I am so happy about voting, I almost need to go find more polls to do it in!
I would just point out that course registration often takes place >60 days in advance, and that perhaps this student is trying to figure out whether he/she needs to drop this class in favor of another.
I don't write the syllabus until the previous quarter's exams are graded, so all these "My grandmother is scheduled to have cancer on the same day as my friend's wedding and this fake case of mono, so can I take the exam on a different day because I'll probably have car trouble on the way to campus anyway?" emails are pointless before late December.
The email was non-urgent and not related to "should I take/drop the course". Even so, I did not say in the email whether I considered it reasonable or unreasonable for a student to email with such a question so far in advance. The question took me 2 seconds to answer in a reply to the student, and as long as there aren't many of these, I am fine with answering an occasional email from next term's students. I am, however, curious as to what others consider 'reasonable' for advance emailing (hence the poll). I suppose it is not surprising that there is such a range of answers thus far.
You forgot to mention, "In a country in which the lingering medievalism of the US grad school system requires prospective students to apply a *year* ahead of time..." You didn't mention whether the student is undergrad or grad. But at least for the latter, a pathology of looking (ridiculously) far ahead seems like a natural by-product of the university system. I just assume that everything at a university (outside of a lab or journal--most times) is unreasonable, if not irrational.
Today I had a student frantically inform me that I would not be teaching class in the same time slot the next semester. Like they thought this would be news to me.
I guess I don't understand what you mean here. Was the question, as some here have proposed, more related to vacation in the middle of term? Or was it more about how many exams there would be or if homework would count toward the final grade?
I can see trying to plan workload based on trying not to take too many exam-heavy or homework-heavy courses in one semester, if at all possible. I think that's perfectly reasonable to do and might have to be done way in advance.
If anything, I really resent the way academics seem to hate planning ahead. I don't see what's wrong with it, although I can see from the FSP point of view that if you have decisions to make and want to avoid making them, having people ask about it might add to your stress/irritation since obviously you know you need to do it eventually.
Personally I think if it gets to the point where you're getting too many emails, just make a WEBSITE. Let them look it up. Put it in your email signature. One professor I deal with on occasion never answers email directly, EVERY single message first gets an automatic reply that includes a list of "If you need X, call Y. If you need information re: Z, here's the URL."
And so on. It's annoying if you need something other than what's on the list, but effective.
Let me note explicitly, since people seem to be making assumptions, that I was not annoyed, irritated, discomfited, aggrieved, distressed, or afflicted by this t = 77 email. I thought it was interesting, and was wondering how others felt about being contacted far in advance of a new term. Perhaps I should have said that directly in the post, as I chose to introduce the topic by mentioning some things that may seem to some to go on too long.
In defense of academics, we can't always plan ahead. Adjuncts or lecturers may not find out their teaching assignments until right before classes start, even though the course itself was on the books beforehand. Other instructors - of any professional level - may have heavy teaching and research loads that prevent them from having January's courses planned in November. There might be someone somewhere who "hates planning ahead," but most of us just plain can't do it. It's not that we don't WANT to plan ahead. It's that we often can't have all the details nailed down at t=77 due to the responsibilities of the current semester.
If a student is contacting me about what background is required for the course, the earlier the better IMO. The earliest I've had that sort of request was about t = 300ish.
If a student is contacting me about scheduling info., they can do so as early as they like and I won't mind. I may not, however, have finalized the schedule so may only be able to be of limited help until about t = 30. I'm still happy they took the initiative though.
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matching of parse trees using the generative model ... Some fuzzy string matching measures such as. Q Ratio ... The model was implemented in Python using.
November 16, 2011. Abstract. Many otherwise ... with acids or precisely measuring a small portion of a mi- ...... A. Inc. Mac mini and the environment. http://.
Overfitting has always been a problem for blackbox learning algorithms such as neural .... mediate tokens don't capture the full history. .... We set to explore if a model trained with stochastic dropout will have a lower rate of gradient decay.
constructed out of training set, and compared against the test set to figure text which doesn't .... Reduction in Vocab size was pretty much essential, and we did aggressive .... Karpathy's char-rnn, by the Github contributor Sherjil Ozair .
LSTM. 1 Language Models. Language models compute the probability of occurrence of a number of words in a ..... time-steps. 2.3 Deep Bidirectional RNNs.
Quora is a knowledge sharing website where users can ask/answer questions with the option of anonymity .We investigate the problem of Author-identification for Quora answers using deep learning techniques in Natural Language Processing.
We hope to achieve significant precision on the task of identifying users from their writings with the end-goal of recognizing the authors of anonymous answers on Quora. Previous work indicates that writing style harbors essential cues about authors and we believe that deep learning is a powerful tool to extract such features to distinguish between the various writing styles that people have. The work finds applications to several other tasks like Forensic Linguistics, email spam detection, identity tracing in cyber forensics etc.
Figure 1: Dataset details Quora Top writers: they are a group of people with recognized expertise, knowledge and authenticity. Some people in the group are experts in specific fields, while others are simply great writers with a talent for describing the human condition and the world around us. Selecting these people ensures high quality content in the form of a large number of long answers per author.
Figure 2: Data statistics We observe that most of the authors in the dataset have an average of less than 150 words per answer, though there are a few authors in the dataset which write very long answers. Also, not surprisingly, the word length vs frequency curve follows a power law.
The following commonly used style marker features from previous works in author-identification were used for the classification task 1. 2. 3. 4.
Mean pooling: The model is composed of a single LSTM layer followed by an average pooling and a logistic regression layer as illustrated in Figure 4. Thus, from an input sequence x0 , x1 , x2 , ..., xn , the memory cells in the LSTM layer will produce a representation sequence h0 , h1 , h2 , ...hn . This representation sequence is then averaged over all time-steps resulting in representation h. Finally, this representation is fed to a logistic regression layer whose target is the class label associated with the input sequence.
The dataset for 200 authors with 50 answers per author was split into 80:10:10 for train, validation and test datasets respectively.
vectors are trained using the author-attribution task on a much larger dataset and initializing the word vectors to these instead.
References Green, R. M., & Sheppard, J. W. (2013, May). Comparing frequency-and style-based features for twitter author identification. In The Twenty-Sixth International FLAIRS Conference. Uzuner, zlem, and Boris Katz. ”A comparative study of language models for book and author recognition.” Natural Language ProcessingIJCNLP 2005. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. 969-980. Stamatatos, Efstathios. ”A survey of modern authorship attribution methods.” Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology 60.3 (2009): 538-556. Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997). Long short-term memory. Neural computation, 9(8), 1735-1780 Gers, F. A., Schmidhuber, J., & Cummins, F. (2000). Learning to forget: Continual prediction with LSTM. Neural computation Graves, Alex. Supervised sequence labeling with recurrent neural networks. Vol. 385. Springer, 2012.
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The best algorithm helps us gain an edge but is there any way to optimize the best algorithm possible? These are some of the issues I would be discussing.
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems. In other words it is a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.
The first algorithms were invented many years before the invention of computers as we know them today.
Algorithms were used in ancient Greece. Two examples are the Sieve of Eratosthenes, which was described in Introduction to Arithmetic by Nicomachus, and the Euclidean algorithm, which was first described in Euclid’s Elements (c. 300 BC). In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple, ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit.It does so by iteratively marking as composite (i.e., not prime) the multiples of each prime, starting with the first prime number, 2. The Euclidean algorithm, or Euclid’s algorithm, is an efficient method for computing the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two numbers, the largest number that divides both of them without leaving a remainder.
One common application of algorithms is to sort optimally some given data according to a certain criteria. Among the authors of early sorting algorithms around 1951 was Betty Holberton (née Snyder), who worked on ENIAC and UNIVAC. As early as 1956 bubble sort which is also known as sinking sort was analyzed.
Bubble sort : Exchange two adjacent elements if they are out of order. Repeat until array is sorted.
Insertion sort : Scan successive elements for an out-of-order item, then insert the item in the proper place.
Selection sort : Find the smallest element in the array, and put it in the proper place. Swap it with the value in the first position. Repeat until array is sorted.
Quick sort : Partition the array into two segments. In the first segment, all elements are less than or equal to the pivot value. In the second segment, all elements are greater than or equal to the pivot value. Finally, sort the two segments recursively.
Merge sort : Divide the list of elements in two parts, sort the two parts individually and then merge it.
Heap sort : Divides its input into a sorted and an unsorted region, and it iteratively shrinks the unsorted region by extracting the largest element and moving that to the sorted region. It is regarded as an improved selection sort.
By far the fastest sorting algorithms are quicksort and heapsort. The faster of the two is debatable. However, many people believe and have proven that quicksort is the faster of the two. This has been attributed to its smoother memory access pattern and its cache efficiency. Some tests have proven that it is twice as fast as heapsort. Are there proprietary sorting algorithms?
Are all Algorithms in the Public Domain?
It is easy to fall into a trap, believing that all possible algorithms are in the public domain. There is a great deal of information out there. There are many algorithms alongside their pseudo-codes on the internet. But not all algorithms are available publicly. In competing for market share many companies try to gain an edge over their competitors by providing superior products. Clearly it shouldn’t be difficult for any body to see how a better algorithm would win more customers. Going by this alone it would be safe to conclude that not all algorithms are in the public domain.
Data compression and decompression are important for many reasons. There have been many algorithms developed to solve the problem of compression and decompression. These algorithms vary in the time they compress data, memory consumption and efficiency with which they compress data — some produce a smaller sized output than others. For some time apple kept its compression algorithm secret. In July 2016, apple open-sourced its new lossless compression algorithm, LZFSE making it publicly available. This is another evidence that companies have been keeping their algorithms secret. Many are proprietary.
Overhead refers to performance loss in terms of either speed, memory consumption or both. Using the right algorithm can reduce the overhead in software.
Whenever developing a product or attempting to find a solution to a problem, often we have to come up with our own code to do just that. Sometimes we solve the problem heuristically but that only leaves us happy because of lack of a better alternative. Many spend sleepless nights trying to find the solution to a problem. However, many recurring problems have already been solved not once but many times. In other words algorithms are available. In many cases it would be difficult for any one to beat the best algorithms out there. The best approach therefore is to search for and select the best available algorithm. With this in mind I think we need something close to an algorithm wiki or journal.
Regardless of the algorithm selected to solve a problem, the choice of programming language has an impact on performance. Low level programming languages such as C and assembly language would be faster. We can often gain significant edge by implementing the algorithm in Assembly language. In a previous article on this blog, listed below, we provided an in depth analysis of the performance improvement that can be garnered simply by implementing an algorithm in assembly.
Assembly language allows us to optimize every line of code at the lowest level possible. We also have the capability to control hardware directly. These are luxuries impossible with high level programming languages. Compilers often do a good work optimizing for speed or smaller memory consumption. Experienced assembly language programmers often find several lines of compiler output that can be optimized.
With the above information in mind it does make sense to implement every algorithm in assembly. However, sometimes this may not be possible. We may be writing software that would be run on CPUs with different instruction sets. In this case our best bet may be the C programming language. This is not the only case. On other occasions we would be designing software that would be run on all existing operating systems. Java will in this case be our best bet.
In conclusion, I would say that every attempt must be made to create an algorithm wiki or an algorithm online journal. Whenever possible algorithms must be implemented in assembly. Lastly, we must always search for the best possible algorithm when developing software.
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Think about what you know about weather patterns and weather reports. What do you think causes weather?
I think weather is maybe caused by how the Earth revolves around the sun in a way because since it moves around it, since the sun shines in different places on Earth at different times it could cause it to change.
I claim weather is caused by many ways, for example like condensation, precipitation, evaporation, ect. With condensation it is when water vapor turns into liquid. When there is precipitation it is rain, snow, sleet, hail, ect. With evaporation its when liquid turns into water vapor and goes into the atmosphere.
I think that air masses, cold fronts, warm fronts, and varying amounts of pressure in the atmosphere causes weather to change. I claim this because when two air masses collide it causes bad weather. When a cold front comes it brings cold and stormy weather. When a warm front comes it brings warm and fair weather. Low pressure produces condensation which creates clouds and high pressure does not produce clouds so there is fair weather and no precipitation.
I claim that the water cycle is a huge factor in what causes weather. My evidence is when there is warm weather, the water is going to evaporate. Then the water will condensate and form clouds. When the temperature is colder and there are clouds, there will most likely be precipitation.
I think weather depends on the atmosphere and the sun because weather is in the atmosphere and the sun can make it hot and dry. The weather will likely be hot and dry if the air is less dense and has a low humidity. Different air masses in the atmosphere can affect the weather. If there is a cold front coming in, the temperature will probably decrease, as the temperature would increase with an incoming warm front. Weather also depends on the geographic location. There probably wouldn’t be much snow in the tropics because they have a hot climate there.
I claim weather is caused by fronts, the sun and/or the way Earth interacts with the sun, and the water cycle. I think weather is caused by fronts because if a cold or warm front is coming in the temperature will most likely drop or go up a few degrees. The way Earth revolves around the sun is also one of the main factors because the sun gives off heat and depending on which way Earth is tilted, there could be a cold or hot season that typically has the same weather. The water cycle affects the weather because it causes humidity, and precipitation.
I claim that the movement of air causes weather. My evidence is that when air sits for a while down at the Equator a tropical air mass is created. Also, clouds are formed when air is pushed upward. Finally, a front is where one air mass overtakes another air mass.
I claim that the water cycle and the movement of air causes weather. My evidence is when water evaporates wind moves it around to a new section of the Earth. Also, low and high pressure zones and caused by air. The pressure zones can create less or more rain fall depending upon if it is a low or high pressure zone. An air mass can bring different weather depending upon the amount of water that is stored within its boundaries, for example continental air masses bring less water as they form on continents where there is less water.
I claim that what causes weather is depended on where you are located at, or if you are having a cold or warm front. The two fronts can go on top of one another and cause bad weather. Low fronts create condensation for clouds.
I claim that weather is caused by what season we’re in, the water cycle, as well as fronts. The way that seasons tie in with weather is for example say it is winter, where ever you are located on earth like Minnesota you’re going to get snow, on the other hand in Texas most the time there isn’t any snow. The water cycle has the biggest role in weather. Depending on what stage it is in such as in a cloud, you could get rain or snow. Fronts explain themselves in a way. Cold fronts have cooler weather, warm fronts have more drier warmer weather.
I claim that the weather is based off of how the earth rotates around the sun. My evidence is how the seasons and weather changes as the year goes by. In a year we revolve around the sun once and in that year the seasons change as the weather changes. For example; when it gets colder outside we have the season winter and when its warmer outside we have the season spring.
I claim that weather is caused by how the earth rotates, fronts, and the water cycle. My evidence is that when the earth rotates we get different amounts of sun. This causes the temperature to change and is why we have different seasons in a year as we rotate around the sun. Cold and warm fronts can also cause the weather because when we have a cold front colder weather is heading our way when we have a warm front we have warmer and more humid weather. And lastly the water cycle takes a big place in weather. During the water cycle water can go through many different states (ex: gas and liquid) when this happens we can experience different types of weather. If there is a lot of water vapor in the air the weather will probably be humid. Also when water condenses cloud and is a liquid if there is enough clouds we can have rainfall.
I think that many factors such as our atmosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere can affect our weather and cause certain events. We as humans can also affect our weather because of dangerous ways to get resources, which could cause events like earthquakes. My evidence is the various events like oil rigging causing earthquakes, and how certain things in the atmosphere can affect our weather. Our hydrosphere can greatly affect our weather because precipitation needs water, and if we don’t have any (we couldn’t live ), it couldn’t rain, snow, or hail.
I think that landscapes and previous weather patterns cause weather. for example, around lakes it is very windy and cool whereas in field areas the air is still and if it has been cloudy and humid it wouldn’t been a surprise if it started raining.
Weather is caused by a variety of different factors. Some of these factors include the type of air mass or front occurring and what has been happening in places close by. For example, warm fronts will cause warmer temperatures and light weather or if it has been raining in a place close by you can expect it to rain soon.
I believe that the evaporation of water forms clouds, and when too much water evaporates it causes rainfall, as well as potentially thunder. I also know that pressure effects weather as well as warm and cold fronts.
My initial blog post was not entirely wrong, however I have learned more details on the subject. For instance, temperature affects air pressure which in turn affects weather. Heat allows air to expand, and cold makes air dense. In addition, cool air rises as it expands, thus it forms clouds. My original statement on clouds and rain was mostly accurate, evaporated air does condense into clouds, and saturation causes rain.
I claim that weather can be caused by other weather in a different area. Other factors such as air pressure, air masses, wind speed, cold fronts and warm fronts can throw off the predicted forecast.
I claim that the water cycle, the sun and fronts determine the weather. The sun is what in some stages of the water cycle determines what state the water is gonna be in and where it travels. Warm or cold fronts in an area can also determine what state the water is in for example either a liquid, gas or solid. Also warm and cold fronts can determine how humid it is or how dry the air is in an area.
In my opinion the wind causes the weather to change, because when you see a storm coming it could change direction because of the wind or the storm would vanish. The weather can also be changed when clouds are formed, the clouds could get big enough to cause friction to create thunder and lightning, the water in clouds could be condensed to create water droplets, or when the temperature is really low it could cause the condensed rain to freeze which can cause freezing rain and snow.
I believe that weather has to be made by fronts or air masses, like how cold fronts and warm fronts come together either way it’ll make some type or weather, that’s what I believe though I’m not sure if it’s true.
I claim that evaporation makes rain because the water droplets condense into the cloud, then a large droplet would fall fast and collect other smaller droplets which will cause rain. Other weather is caused by warm or cold fronts. The type of weather warm fronts cause are: gentle rain, or light snow. Cold fronts cause: heavy rain, sometimes hail, thunder, and lightening.
I claim that weather is caused by the rotation of the Earth and certain cycles, my evidence is that the Earth spins while orbiting the Earth. When the Earth orbits each side of the globe will get a different type of weather, as the Earth orbits farther away then the part of the earth facing away from the sun will experience Winter while the side facing the sun will go through summer. Evaporation of water that eventually rises helps form rain clouds.
I claim that weather is caused by cloud precipitation and what kind of front it is caused by. Say a cold front hits then the weather will have more rain and more cloud cover which produces rain. My evidence is this is what I think about weather and how weather happens.
I claim that weather patterns are measured from space by satellites showing clouds moving and and what type of clouds. Weather reports come from meteorologists looking at the sky and above the sky to be able to predict what type of weather is going to happen. I think the cause of weather is the clouds moving and the temperature that it currently is in that region will depend on if it rains,snows, or a natural disaster occurs.
I claim that weather comes from precipitation and the type of front that is occurring. a cold front will cause rain and humidity. a warm front will cause freezing and more moisture to happen.
I claim that when L pressure comes in they make clouds that let snow, rain, and thunder come. Fronts also play apart in this because when a warm front go’s over the cold front that makes the cold front close to the ground then its colder close to the ground.
I claim that weather is caused by warm fronts and cold fronts colliding together but that’s mostly for weather like crazy storms. Different areas on a map could have areas that are called Maritime polar and continental polar maritime polar is mostly wet and cold and then for continental polar is dry and cold. If you are looking at a weather map it would help a lot if you know how to read a weather map because there is many things that could give you a lot of information like what people use to measure temperature and what a cold front and also what a warm front is.
I claim that the water cycle has a big effect on what causes weather. In the water cycle, there is a thing called evaporation. Evaporation is when the little water drops from the ground or plants float up into the air then turns into condensation then the condensation turns into clouds and that’s how clouds are formed. Things like rain, hail, and snow are formed by when the cloud that’s holding it cant hold any more water. Another thing that affects the water cycle is maritime polar and these things that are called air masses. If there is a big storm that happened that is caused by when a cold air mass and a warm air mass collides together. I feel like that when people hear about air masses colliding they just think that they turn into one big air mass but that is not true.
I claim that high and low pressure causes weather. When low and high pressure it causes snow, rain, or wind. Warm front makes it sunny and cold front makes it rain, snow.
I claim that low pressure makes it rain or snow high pressure might make it sunny or cloudy. I think cold or warm fronts make weather happen even if it is a light rain or a heavy thunderstorm.
I think weather is caused by when cold and warm fronts collide and it depends on what fronts collide either one will have a storm. And it is differed by ho much pressure there is in that area.
I claim that weather is the outcome of the earths rotation, for example Bolivia is in the tropic zone by the equator. This means that it will always get more sun than Antarctica that is in the polar zone. This means that it will be much hotter and dryer in Bolivia while Antarctica due to the lack of sun is cold, snowy, and wet.
America is found in a temperate zone which means that it is in-between the tropic zone and the polar zone, this means that large Hi pressure air bodies (or warm air bodies) can carry over from the tropic causing the south to be warmer. And meanwhile Lo pressure (cold) winds come from the north. When these two types of different pressure air bodies collide it can cause a warm/cold front.
What I think causes the weather is all the warm and cold fronts that come over places and hit each other and causes storms. Because when the fronts clash they create a type of cloud that can become a storm.
What causes the weather is all the warm and cold fronts that come over places and hit each other and causes storms. Because when the fronts clash they create a type of cloud that can become a storm.
I claim that weather and fronts are related. Cold fronts are areas of cold air that collides with a warm front that typically causes precipitation, either snow or rain. Warm fronts usually cause mild precipitation, sunny weather and clouds. When the two fronts collide that creates weather. Low pressure produces condensation condensation creates clouds which makes fair weather.
I think that evaporation causes weather pattern because there are more severe weather events near the ocean or by large bodies of water. But on land, their are not as severe storms. If you look at the hurricanes that have happened they don’t come on the land very far they stay where they can collect evaporation and other moisture in the air so they can live longer.
as severe because there is less water in the air.
Weather is caused by conflicting air masses and high/low air pressure and different humidity levels. For example, different humidity levels along with rising air causes clouds to form. Another example is that wind blows from a high pressure air mass, to low pressure air masses.
I claim that weather is caused by the water cycle, cold fronts, and warm fronts, my evidence is that in the water cycle there is precipitation and humid air. When cold and warm fronts crash into each other they explode with maybe rain or snow. Stratus clouds form light rain or snow as well. Also temperature can effect the weather too when heat gets larger and cold air get smaller or dense.
I claim that rain is made when you see clouds in the sky, and if a cold front and a warm front is colliding together after the cold front goes over the warm front. When you find a low pressure located somewhere, that means there will be a thunderstorm, strong winds, or snow storms.
I claim that the water cycle is related to weather. Water evaporates into water vapor and forms clouds, clouds especially cold fronts cause snow and warm fronts cause rain and sometimes thunderstorms . Rain flows into rivers, lakes and oceans to then evaporate and the cycle begins again. My evidence is meteorologists have proved it by observations of weather patterns.
I claim that when cold fronts and warm fronts collide either bad weather like thunderstorms, hail or normal weather like rain. Also, the water cycle is a cause of weather because it’s a infinite circle of when water vapor falls as precipitation into a lake or an ocean and then evaporates up to clouds the vapor condenses and then the cycle repeats.
I claim that the fronts and changes in air pressure cause weather. My evidence is because when warm and cold fronts collide they cause weather to happen like snow, rain, thunder, and lightning. This happens because the warm front goes over the cold front causing different kind of stratus clouds to form like normal stratus clouds nimbostratus clouds and cumulonimbus clouds. The water cycle is also a cause of weather because it falls as rain and it flows into river and it also soaks into the ground and then it evaporates back up into the clouds and the cycle starts again.
I think the oceans might have to do with climate change because they heat up and cool off slowly causing milder temperatures. People that are landlocked are further from the ocean so they have warmer summer weather and have colder winter weather. Ocean water evaporates and goes to a cloud ready to form into precipitation as it comes back down to earth.
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What does the business plan hope to achieve by leveraging big data? This is not an easy question to answer. Different companies in different industries need to manage their data differently. But some common business issues are at the center of the way that big data is being considered as a way to both plan and execute for business strategy.
The greatest challenge for the business is to be able to look into the future and anticipate what might change and why. Companies want to be able to make informed decisions in a faster and more efficient manner.
With the amount of data available to the business, dangers exist in making assumptions based on a single view of data. The only way to make sure that business leaders are taking a balanced perspective on all the elements of the business is to have a clear understanding of how these data sources are related.
But companies typically only have a small amount of the data they will need to make informed decisions. The business needs a road map for determining what data is needed to plan for new strategies and new directions.
For example, if your company needs to expand the type of services it offers to existing customers, you need to analyze as much data as possible about what customers are buying and how that is changing. What do customers like and dislike about products? What are competitors offering?
If you find ways to effectively manage the data, you may be able to have a powerful planning tool. While the data may confirm your existing strategy, it might send you in new unexpected directions. Part of your planning process requires that you use a variety of data to test assumptions and think differently about the business.
After your organization understands the business objectives, it is time to begin analyzing the data. This is not a stand-alone process. Executing on big data analysis requires learning a set of new tools and skills. Many organizations will need to hire some big data scientists who can take this massive amount of disparate data and understand how all the elements relate in the context of the business problem or opportunity.
Big data analytics is a dynamic area that is experiencing very rapid change. Combining the immaturity of the analytics with the needs of business to continually add new data sources that need to be added into the analytics approach will put a lot of pressure on the business to push the boundaries of what is possible.
The businesses that are able to get a handle on applying big data analytics to their business planning will be able to identify business nuances and changes that can impact the bottom line. For example, if your company is in the e-commerce market, you will want to analyze the results of new partnerships to see whether they are generating both customer interest and new sales.
You may want to see the reaction to the new services on social media sites. At the same time, you want to have a clear understanding of what your closest competitors are offering that could impact revenue.
It is easy to get caught up in the process of analyzing data and forget to do a reality check. Does the analysis reflect business outcomes? Is the data you are using accurate enough or do problems exist? Are the data sources going to truly help with planning?
This is the time to make sure that you are not relying on data sources that will take you in the wrong direction. Many companies will use third-party data sources and may not take the time to vet the quality of the data. When you are planning and making business decisions based on analysis, you have to make sure that you are on a strong foundation.
After this cycle of analysis is complete, it is time to put the plan into action. But actions have to be part of an overall planning cycle that is repeated — especially as markets become more dynamic. Each time a business initiates a new strategy, it is critical to constantly create a big data business evaluation cycle.
This approach of acting based on results of big data analytics and then testing the results is the key to success. Big data adds the critical element of being able to leverage real results to verify that a strategy is working as intended. In some cases, this will mean resetting the strategy. In other situations, the unintended consequences will lead a company in a new direction with a better outcome.
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A network switch, commonly referred to as just a switch, is a network device that is used to connect segments of a LAN (local area network) or multiple LANs and to filter and forward packets among them. Switches have an appearance similar to hubs (because both are box-like devices that contain a number of RJ-45 jacks), but they are actually multi-port bridges.
A bridge is a device that functions at the data link layer (the second layer) of the seven-layer OSI model to connect and control the flow of data between two LANs or two segments of the same LAN. Bridges have three main functions: (1) creating a bridging table to keep track of devices on each segment, (2) filtering packets based on their MAC addresses and (3) dividing a single network into multiple collision domains, thereby reducing the number of collisions on each segment and effectively increasing its bandwidth.
Hubs, as is the case with repeaters and in contrast to switches and bridges, operate at the physical layer (i.e., the bottom layer) of the OSI model. This layer provides no filtering of packets. Switches, however, because of their operation at the data link layer, provide a greater degree of control, including the filtering of packets by their MAC addresses so that they are forwarded only to their destination network segments rather than just broadcasting them to all segments. This limits the collision domain, and thereby conserving system bandwidth.
Switches also improve network performance over hubs by providing full duplex (i.e., data flow in both directions simultaneously) operation instead of half-duplex (data flow in only one direction at a time) operation. This results in a doubling of the maximum bandwidth. Switches can operate in full duplex mode because they prevent collisions, and thus no collision detection system is needed. Switches thus eliminate the conventional CSMA/CD (carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection) method and utilize a far more efficient communication method.
LANs that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs. In the case of Ethernet LANs, which account for most LANs, they are also called switched Ethernets.
Switches are self learning, and thus they are as easy to install as hubs and bridges. All that is necessary is to plug them in and they are ready to use.
Switches have become extremely sophisticated in recent years. For example, models have been developed that include support for optical fiber networks, the addition of services at higher layers of the OSI model and the ability to create virtual LANs (VLANs). A VLAN is a LAN in which devices are logically configured to communicate as if they were attached to the same network, without regard to their physical locations.
Switches can also include the functionality of routers, which are devices and/or software that connect at least two networks and forward packets among them according to the information in the packet headers and routing tables. However, in general, switches are simpler and faster than routers, which require knowledge about the network and how to determine the route. Routing occurs at the network layer (i.e., the third layer) of the OSI model, in contrast to the data link layer operation of switches.
The superior performance of switches together with their ease of use and a narrowing of the price gap has resulted in their increased use in place of hubs in recent years.
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What are these passages talking about? First of all, you have to know about the physical golden lamp stand, which is called the menorah in Hebrew. The lamp stand weighted over 100 pounds and stood on the south side in the Holy Place of the Tabernacle as mentioned in Exodus.
Note that these churches are not only physical churches during John’s time, but also represent seven church ages which we will talk about later.
These spirits are the aspects of God. Jesus Christ had all of these spirits within Him. Isaiah and John are saying that for any man to have the fullness of the Holy Spirit, they must have all seven of these aspects of God.
Therefore, the stars and constellations are prophetic signs, but not in the way horoscopes claim they are. They represent God’s plan to redeem mankind. We could go into detail about each constellation, but let’s stay on the topic of the seven stars. In the constellation of Taurus, there is a open star cluster called Pleiades, or the Seven Sisters. Pleiades can be seen by the naked eye because it is only about 8 light years away. (see picture below) In Hebrew, Pleiades is called Succoth, which also means the Feast of Tabernacles, which I mentioned in my article on The Second Coming. The Feast of Tabernacles represents a very important age which begins with the second coming of Jesus Christ.
Finally, remember from the Lake of Fire that a Jubilee cycle is 49 years, which is 7x7. So if each of the seven churches gain all seven aspects of the spirit, this will lead to spiritual fulfillment, and thus the age of Tabernacles when Christ comes again.
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The story of the Trojan War is one of the most important legends in Greek mythology. The Trojan War was a mythological war between the city of Troy and the assembled forces of various Greek and Achaean kings. The siege of Troy forms the crux of Homer's Iliad and the return of Odysseus, a Greek hero, after the Trojan War forms the crux of Odyssey.
The city of Troy, or Ilion, is supposed to be situated on the western coast of Turkey, on the Asian side.
The story of the Trojan war, like any other story in Greek Mythology, begins with the gods.
The gods had gathered at the marriage of Peleus and Thetis, the parents of Achilles. However, Eris, the goddess of discord, was stopped at the door, since nobody wanted disharmony on the merry occasion. Eris was angered, and threw away her gift, which was an apple having the words Ti Kallisti (To The Fairest) inscribed on it. This apple became a source of conflict between three goddesses: Hera, Athena and Aphrodite.
Each of them felt they deserved the apple and since Hera had been turned away, they had no way of finding out the intended recipient of the gift. None of the gods wanted to judge, because choosing one would invite the wrath of the other two. Finally, the conflict took them to Hermes, who led them to Paris, who was a prince of Troy. The three goddesses appeared naked to Paris, but he was still unable to judge them.
Then they tried to influence him by offering him bribes; Hera offered him control of Asia Minor (Anatolia) and political power, Athena offered him the abilities of the greatest warriors, skill in battle and wisdom, while Aphrodite offered him the love of the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen of Sparta (who came to be known as Helen of Troy when she eloped with Prince Paris). Paris awarded the apple to Aphrodite, not knowing that Helen was already married to Menelaus, king of Sparta.
As part of a Trojan delegation to Sparta, Paris encountered and seduced Helen. She fell in love with him after being shot by a golden arrow from Eros (Greek equivalent of Cupid), Aphrodite's son. At that time, Menelaus had left for Crete to attend his uncle's funeral.
When the Trojan delegation left, Paris and Helen eloped.
Menelaus was furious upon discovering his wife's infidelity, and asked his brother Agamemnon to help him get Helen back from Troy. Agamemnon then sent emissaries to several Achaean kings and princes to help retrieve Helen. The Achaean kings were former suitors of Helen, and had made a pact that all of them would honor Helen's choice of a husband without dissent, and go to her aid if anything were to happen to her.
Many of these kings and princes tried to get out of their promise to avoid the ensuing war. Odysseus tried to feign insanity by plowing his fields with salt, but his plan was foiled when Palamedes, Agamemnon's emissary, put Odysseus' son Telemachus in the path of the plow, forcing Odysseus to reveal his sanity.
Achilles' mother Thetis disguised him as a woman so that he could not go for the war. But he too was identified and convinced to join Agamemnon's army, although he had not been one of Helen's suitors and thus was not honor-bound to hold up his end of the promise.
The army gathered at Aulis and after making a sacrifice to Apollo, they set sail for Troy. Not knowing the way, they landed on Mycea and ran into Telephus, the son of Heracles (Hercules). After having dealt with him, they began the journey again, only to be blocked and scattered by a storm.
Eight years after the storm, the thousand ships finally regrouped at Aulis. To prevent any further trouble, they sought help from the Oracles. Calchas, a prophet, told them that the goddess Artemis was angry with Agamemnon, since he had either killed a sacred deer or boasted that he was a better marksman than her. Calchas told him that the only way he could please Artemis was by sacrificing his daughter Iphiginea to her. Threatened with being replaced by Palamedes as the commander of the army, Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia to Artemis, and set sail for Troy once again.
Calchas had also prophesized that the first Achaean to land in Troy would be the first one to die. Thus, everyone hesitated to land on Troy when they reached the shores. Odysseus appeared to disembark as he threw his shield from the ship and landed upon it, thus becoming the first to jump off the Greek ships, yet managing to not land upon Trojan soil. Seeing this, Protesilaus jumped off his ship as well, becoming the first to actually land in Troy. Protesilaus, Odysseus and Achilles killed several Trojans before Protesilaus was killed by Hector, the Prince of Troy.
The next nine years of the siege of Troy are poorly documented in Greek literature, which focuses mainly on the last year of the Trojan war.
As the siege progressed, the Greek forces busied themselves with looting nearby allies of Troy and collecting valuable resources from the Thracian peninsula. Achilles was the most aggressive of the Achaean commanders, conquering 11 cities and 12 islands. Ajax the Great also ran rampant in the Thracian peninsula, looting several towns.
A notable incident during this nine-year period was the death of Palamedes. Odysseus, who hadn't forgiven Palamedes for risking the life of his infant son, forged a letter from Priam, the king of Troy, written to Palamedes. Upon the discovery of the apparent treachery, Agamemnon had Palamedes killed by stoning. Palamedes' father, Nauplius, avenged his son by spreading word among the wives of the Achaean kings that their husbands intended to dethrone them with courtesans brought from Troy. Remarkably, even the wife of Agamemnon believed in the rumor and started an affair with Aegisthus, Agamemnon's cousin.
After nine years of fighting and being away from home, the Achaean armies wanted to return home, and demanded that their commanders arrange for the same. However, they were forced to stay on by Achilles.
Agamemnon then inadvertently threatened to derail the Greek campaign by taking Briseis, the concubine of Achilles, as his own, after he had to return Chryseis, the daughter of a priest of Apollo, due to the god's rage. Consequently, Achilles refused to participate in the war.
The Achaeans were initially relatively successful in spite of the absence of Achilles, whose presence had been prophesized to be vital if Troy was to be defeated. Diomedes, an Achaean hero, killed Pandaros, a Trojan hero, and nearly killed Aeneas, who was protected by his divine mother Aphrodite. Diomedes' valor and prowess in battle, however, shone through, as he managed to defeat a foe guarded by the gods (Aphrodite and Apollo), and even wounded Aphrodite and her paramour, the god Ares.
The early successes for the Greek army were soon reversed, though, as the Trojans pinned them back to their own camps, and were only a divine intervention from Poseidon away from setting fire to the Achaean camp and ships.
The next day, helped by Zeus (Unlike Athena or Aphrodite, Zeus didn't take sides in the Trojan war, although he variably favored a faction or an individual warrior based on the weighing of their souls or fate), the Trojans pushed into the Greek camp. The Achaeans then began to request Achilles, by far their best warrior, to return to the battlefield. Finally Patroclus, a relative and close friend of Achilles, went into the war wearing Achilles' and armor. Despite the absence of Achilles himself, Patroclus drove the Trojan forces towards Troy, only to be thwarted by Apollo. Patroclus was killed by Hector, and his armor was confiscated.
Enraged by the death of Patroclus, Achilles swore to kill Hector and rejoined the war. Agamemnon did his part in convincing Achilles to do the same by returning Briseis untouched. Storming back into the heat of the battle, Achilles killed several Trojans, forcing them back inside the walls of Troy with a furious onslaught.
Achilles then encountered Hector, who had been deliberately misguided by Athena into staying outside the fortified gates. After a brief duel, in which Athena impersonated Hector's younger brother to confuse him even more, Achilles killed Hector. Tying Hector's body to his chariot, he then dragged it back to the Achaean camp.
He refused to give the body back to the Trojans for the funeral, but after a visit from King Priam, who had been guided by Hermes, Achilles agreed to let the Trojans retrieve Hector's body.
After a temporary truce to facilitate the proper burial and funeral rites for the fallen, the war raged on, the Trojans having been reinforced by the arrival of the Amazons, led by Penthesilea. Once again, Achilles proved too hot to handle for the Trojan forces, who couldn't resist his onslaught as he killed Penthesilea and Memnon (not to be confused with Agamemnon) on his way into the city of Troy. Following a decision among the gods that Achilles had to die, Apollo guided Paris to shoot a poisoned arrow at Achilles. In the ensuing skirmish, Ajax the Great held the Trojan army off Achilles' body while Odysseus dragged it back to their camp.
Achilles' prized armor was handed down to Odysseus, after he was judged to have caused more damage to the Trojans than the Greater Ajax. An infuriated Ajax intended to kill Menelaus and Agamemnon, but was fooled by Athena into attacking two rams instead of the Greek commanders. After realizing what he had done, he committed suicide.
The war was now in its tenth year. Several prophecies about the fall of Troy had begun to weigh on the minds of the Greek forces, and they carried out many of them, hoping to end the Trojan war once and for all. These included procuring the bow of Heracles, convincing Achilles' son Neoptolemus to join the Greek ranks and stealing the Trojan Palladium.
The horse was filled with troops led by Odysseus. The rest of the army burned their camps and lay in wait at Tenedos.
The Trojans rejoiced, thinking that the Greek armies had finally left. They dragged the horse back into the city and debated over what to do with it. Some of them wanted to burn it down, while others wanted to keep the horse and dedicate it to Athena. King Priam's daughter Cassandra, who had been given the gift of prophecy by Apollo, warned the Trojans not to keep the horse. Cassandra, however, was also cursed by Apollo that no one would believe her prophecies. Accordingly, no one in Troy shared her misgivings about the Greek gift.
At midnight, when the full moon rose, the hidden troops came out of the horse and began to attack the Trojans, most of whom were asleep or drunk from the celebrations held in Troy.
Disorganized, disoriented and leaderless, the Trojans began to fight back, but to no avail. Eventually all the men either fled or were killed by the Achaean army, and the women were captured as war prize. The Greeks then proceeded to burn down the city of Troy.
King Priam was killed by Neoptolemus, the son of Achilles. Menelaus killed Deiphobus, a son of Priam and the new consort of Helen. Menelaus also almost killed Helen, but was overpowered by her beauty and spared her life. Cassandra was raped by Ajax the Lesser on the altar of Athena.
Cassandra was later gifted to Agamemnon, Neoptolemus took Andromache, the wife of Hector, and Odysseus took Hecuba, the wife of king Priam, as concubines. The Achaeans killed Hector's infant son Astyanax by throwing him from the walls of Troy, and sacrificed Priam's daughter Polyxena to Achilles.
The story of the Trojan War does not end with the end of the battle, but with the tales of the return of the kings back to their kingdoms.
The only king to return home safely was Nestor, who did not take any part in the looting and pillaging of Troy, and conducted himself honorably throughout. The rest faced severe storms at sea on the way back. The gods were displeased at their immoral conduct in Troy -- including the destruction of their temples by the Achaean army. The Lesser Ajax, notably, was shipwrecked by Athena and then sunk by Poseidon.
Menelaus' fleet was blown off course in the storm, reaching Egypt. Only 5 of his ships remained. Finally he caught Proteus, a shape-shifting sea god, and found out what sacrifices he had to make in order to return home safely. Having fulfilled the conditions, he was then able to return home with Helen.
Agamemnon returned home with Cassandra. His wife, Clytemnestra, already enraged over the sacrifice of her daughter Iphigenia, had been having an affair with Aegisthus. They conceived a plot to kill Agamemnon. Cassandra warned Agamemnon about the looming predicament, but like the Trojans, Agamemnon did not believe her. Clytemnestra and Aegisthus were successful in killing both Agamemnon and Cassandra. Later on, Agamemnon's son Orestes, along with his sister Electra, killed both Clytemnestra and Aegisthus, thus avenging his father.
Odysseus' journey back to Ithaca is the subject of the epic poem Odyssey. Having been blown off course, Odysseus wandered uncharted waters for 10 years, eventually reaching Ithaca 20 years after he had left. He disguised himself as a beggar, but was recognized by his dog Argos. He discovered that his wife Penelope had remained faithful to him all this time, but was being plagued by a number of suitors. With the help of his son Telemachus and the goddess Athena, Odysseus managed to kill all but two of the suitors; he spared the life of the other two, who remained loyal to him. Penelope, who hadn't seen her husband in 20 years, then tested him to make sure it was him, and they reconciled.
Aeneas and a group of survivors (see image) from Troy wandered around the Mediterranean for several years, looking to find a suitable spot for a settlement. These travels eventually took them to founding Alba Longa, which was where Remus and Remulus, the founders of Rome, were born. The twins are said to be direct descendants of Aeneas. Julius Caesar later claimed ancestry dating back to the Trojans.
The story of the Trojan War was long thought to be just a poet's tale without any factual basis. However, recent evidence, especially the excavation and research by Heinrich Schliemann, has shown that the Trojan War was an actual historic war, occurring in modern-day Hissarlik on the western coast of Turkey. The descriptions of divine interceptions, prophecies and miracles, however, came from the fertile mind of the poet Homer.
The Trojan War has inspired countless works of art. Paris' judgment of the three goddesses, his abduction of Helen and the sacking of Troy were immensely popular subjects among medieval artists. Famous plays based on the events of the Trojan War include Troilus and Cressida by Shakespeare and Iphigenia by Samuel Coster. Several TV series, books and movies have retold the story of the Trojan War. Probably the most famous example in recent times is the 2004 movie Troy.
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0.944975 |
How to take smart decisions as a routine !
There’s an old saying: “Don’t make permanent decisions based on temporary emotions,” and it definitely rings true. Successful people recognize and understand their emotions (including their intensity and impact on behavior) so that they are able to look at decisions as objectively and rationally as possible.
Mark Twain described the complicated nature of decision-making as follows: “Good decisions come from experience, but experience comes from making bad decisions.” This isn’t to say that the only way to become a great decision maker is to make a ton of mistakes; it just means that it’s important to keep past decisions front of mind. Successful people are aware enough of past decisions to use them to their benefit when something similar comes up.
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The 201 area code includes New Jersey cities Bayonne, Cliffside Park, Englewood, Fair Lawn, Hackensack, Hoboken, Jersey City, Leonia, Little Ferry, Lyndhurst, Paramus, Park Ridge, Ramsey, Rutherford, Union City.
Nearby area codes are 212, 347, 551, 646, 718, 845, 862, 914, 929, 917 and 973.
201 is the North American telephone area code for the state of New Jersey covering most of Hudson and Bergen counties, as well as parts of Essex and Passaic. It is overlaid with area code 551.
The 201 area code was the first area code to be assigned in the United States, as part of the North American Numbering Plan. While it was part of the original set of area codes assigned to the U.S. in 1947, this area code was not placed into service until 1951. In that year, the first direct-dialed long distance call was made from Englewood, New Jersey to Alameda, California. Until 1958, it was the only area code serving New Jersey; that year, the state split the area code, with the southern portion of the state becoming area code 609.
After the split in 1958, area code 201 served the northern counties in the state: Essex, Bergen, Hudson, Union, Morris, Passaic, Somerset, Middlesex, Monmouth, Sussex and Warren counties. New Jersey's southern counties, including the southern Jersey Shore, as well as the Philadelphia and Wilmington, Delaware suburbs (in New Jersey) were served by 609.
As the central region of New Jersey grew during the 1980s, the northeastern section of the state lost sizeable chunks of its population due to the decline of its major cities, including Newark, Paterson, Clifton, and Elizabeth. On June 8, 1991, area code 908 split off from 201; it primarily serves the North/Central regions of the state.
The northernmost counties continued to use 201, while the southern half of the state kept 609, which is the area code of Trenton, the state's capital.
During the mid-1990s, businesses began to flourish once again in North Jersey, while cell phones and internet dial-up connections proliferated. In response to the pressure for the addition of more telephone numbers, New Jersey added more area codes, going from three to six. As of June 1, 1997, Essex and Passaic counties, home to Newark and Paterson respectively (the state's first and third-most populated cities), as well as the more rural northwestern counties of New Jersey, Morris and Sussex, were broken away from area code 201, forming the new area code, 973. Hudson County and Bergen County, the state's two northeastern counties (as well as being two of the state's most densely populated counties) and the closest two counties to New York City, became the last remaining counties in the state to be served by area code 201.
As Hudson and Bergen Counties developed further, and even more telephone numbers were demanded, it was debated whether 201 should split again, or if an overlay area code should be added instead. The latter option was chosen, to avoid the costs and frustration associated with splitting an area code. However, with the implementation of the overlay area code on December 1, 2001, 10-digit dialing became mandatory. Area code 551 was created in 2001, along with area codes 862 and 848 which overlay area codes 973 and 732 respectively.
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0.999349 |
Could Krugman’s Nemesis Friedman Be Bitcoin’s Mysterious Creator?
In contrast to the article Paul Krugman wrote, an opinion piece titled Bitcoin is Evil, a video has surfaced on YouTube from Krugman\xe2\x80\x99s one time nemesis: the legendary economist \xc2\xa0Milton Friedman.
The 94-year-old Friedman supposedly died in 2006. I explain why I say \xe2\x80\x9csupposedly\xe2\x80\x9d later. In the video which was filmed for a TV interview in 1999, the then 87-year-old Friedman clearly predicts the rise of bitcoin. You can view the short relevant clip of that video here. For those who don\xe2\x80\x99t know much about Milton: a few notables: He helped put an end to the mandatory military draft in the 70s. He was Ronald Reagan\xe2\x80\x99s economic advisor and long time proponent of free market principles. Importantly for bitcoin lovers, he introduced the idea of k-percent where he stated that an economy only needed a computer to adjust the supply of new money entering into the economy, not policymakers.
\xc2\xa0In the video, Milton explains with eerie accuracy that the \xe2\x80\x9cinternet will prove to be one of the many forces for reducing the role of government.\xe2\x80\x9d He also accurately predicts that the world would soon develop a new e-cash system that you will be able to transfer funds from point A to Point B: without A or B knowing each other over the internet. He also predicted the negative effects of people engaged in illegal activities will likely use its anonymity for illegal transactions as well.
Krugman and Friedman viewed the idea of money creation and the role of government to tax every transaction clearly differently. Krugman has spent a lot of time trying to discredit Friedman in a rivalry of sorts which was chronicled nicely by Bloomberg\xe2\x80\x99s Caroline Baum. Perhaps Friedman has yet to receive his just rewards and get the final word that may come to haunt Paul Krugman with his \xe2\x80\x9cbitcoin is evil\xe2\x80\x9d diatribe.
That brings me to my last point: did Friedman really die? You could just as truthfully say \xe2\x80\x9cHe\xe2\x80\x99s no longer making public appearances\xe2\x80\x9d. I don\xe2\x80\x99t want to start a new conspiracy theory\xe2\x80\xa6but I ask you. Could Milton Freidman be Satoshi Nakamoto? Satoshi\xe2\x80\x99s white paper describing bitcoin didn\xe2\x80\x99t arrive until 2008. Friedman supposedly died in 2006. You can also admit that the two were never seen together at the same place at the same time. One could imagine the 98-year-old Friedman sitting in his pajamas surfing various underground cryptography websites. He would have had two years unaccounted for which would have given him plenty of time to solve the perplexing challenges of double spending and complex cryptography. It was only a matter of time before he gave the world what he envisioned in the previous decades!
Satoshi ended his involvement officially for bitcoin in 2010 saying he was \xe2\x80\x98Moving on to other things\xe2\x80\x9d. \xc2\xa0Perhaps those \xe2\x80\x9cother things\xe2\x80\x9d included making his way to the \xe2\x80\x9cGreat Beyond\xe2\x80\x9d? Milton might have been a bit tired after giving the world\xe2\x80\xa6bitcoin.
My official recommendation is to recognize Milton Friedman\xe2\x80\x99s effort and genesis of the ideas that propelled bitcoin into existence. Perhaps we should honor him by naming the unit of currency at the seventh decimal point as a \xe2\x80\x9cmilti\xe2\x80\x9d? Imagine the look on Paul Krugman\xe2\x80\x99s face when he must resort to asking for a few \xe2\x80\x9cmiltis\xe2\x80\x9d for tips from those still reading his maligned articles of the future. Surely Milton/Satoshi would not consider paying more than that, if only for the entertainment factor.
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Bayer Leverkusen attacker Paulinho has said he will look to Juventus and Portugal star Cristiano Ronaldo for inspiration in his bid to take the Bundesliga by storm.
The pacy Brazilian was unveiled as a Leverkusen player on Thursday, just four days after officially joining Die Werkself following his 18th birthday.
Paulinho will wear the number seven jersey at his new club, the same number that reigning Ballon d’Or winner Ronaldo wore throughout his brilliant career thus far with clubs like Manchester United and Real Madrid.
“I’m reluctant to talk about role models but rather a player you can emulate - that you can watch and whose development you want to take from,” Paulinho said at a press conference.
Leverkusen have a long history of developing Brazilian talent, with the likes of Emerson, Lucio, Ze Roberto and Renato Augusto having all played for the club in the past. Left-back Wendell is currently on their books, and Brazil under-20 international Paulinho – who can play on either wing or through the middle – is keen to prove that he, too, has what it takes to thrive in Germany.
“The biggest difference compared to Brazil is perhaps the intensity – in training and also during matches,” he explained.
The former Vasco da Gama player revealed that his aims are to settle in quickly, to work hard on his own game and to win titles with Leverkusen. But he also accepted that he is not yet the finished article.
Paulinho will hope to find his rhythm during the five friendly matches Leverkusen have left before their Bundesliga campaign gets underway with a trip to Borussia Mönchengladbach on 25 August.
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0.998955 |
Design a magazine cover that showcases a self-portrait as well as articles about yourself.
I decided I wanted to do a magazine cover for bicycling. I wanted to have a picture of me with a bike, or at least in cycling attire. I like riding my bike, it helps me get some exercise and I like the rush of the wind on my face. It’s a feeling of freedom.
1. I took a piece of paper, divided it into 4 areas and started sketching out some layouts of the title, body text, barcode, and article titles.
2. I then opened InDesign and created a shape map.
3. I found the picture I wanted to use.
5. I opened InDesign and created another 8.5×11 document.
6. I fit my image in to fill the magazine cover.
7. I found a good font that would work with BICYCLING, matched the color of the title that I saw on one of the BICYCLING magazine covers.
8. I placed text boxes around the image in appropriate places so as to not distract from the image itself.
9. I saved and exported as a JPEG with 150 ppi, which you see above.
I posted my magazine cover on Facebook and received feedback from Sierra Hathaway. She suggested that I choose different font colors, which I did end up doing. I also got some feedback from Jason Stucki regarding the fonts, I went ahead and changed some of those as well. He also mentioned increasing the margins. I did that as well.
I appreciate cycling and want to show my enthusiasm for the sport.
People who enjoy riding bikes.
Make sure you don’t accidentally delete your draft!
I really liked the changes you made to your magazine cover. Changing the fonts and their colors really helped contrast with the images. Also, for your process of making your magazine was very nice. I liked that you looked at other magazines as well before making yours. I find that looking at other works similar to what you are working on really helps creating things.
Last, I am not sure why my post didn’t post.
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0.939468 |
The Neutral Municipality (Portuguese: Município Neutro) was an administrative unit created in the Empire of Brazil, which existed in the territory of the current municipality of Rio de Janeiro between August 12, 1834 (when it was proclaimed the Additional Act to the Constitution of 1824) and November 15, 1889, when was proclaimed the republic in Brazil. But it only officially ceased to exist with the promulgation of the 1891 Constitution.
By the republican constitution, this administrative unit became the Federal District in 1891, whose political situation changed again when it became the state of Guanabara in 1960, and later, with the fusion of this with the state of Rio de Janeiro in 1975.
With the independence of Brazil, a greater administrative autonomy that was aspired by its elite could not be reached as in the other captaincies, now transformed into provinces, since to the minister of the Kingdom, position that was practically a substitute for the one of Viceroy, was entrusted to its Rio administration.
Allied to this was the fact that the city of Rio de Janeiro remained as the capital of the empire of Brazil, which caused the minister to administer the whole province by means of "warnings", which he directed to the Municipal Chambers of cities which, at that time, were growing at a rapid pace due to the expansion and strengthening of coffee plantations in the Paraíba Valley, which already surpassed the strength of sugarcane plantations in the North Fluminense region.
These differences in relation to the other administrative units of Brazil meant that, in 1834, the city of Rio de Janeiro was included in the Neutral Municipality, which remained as the capital of the country and directly administered by the imperial government, while the Rio de January had the same political-administrative organization of the others, having its capital in Vila Real da Praia Grande, which the following year was renamed Nictheroy (current Niterói).
The city of Rio de Janeiro also had a Municipal Chamber elected by the local population and would take care of the life of that city without interference from the provincial president or the Cabinet of Ministers, except for services that were subordinated to the national government. In 1889, after the implantation of the Republic in Brazil, the city continued as the capital of the country, and the Neutral Municipality becomes the Federal District after the proclamation of the Constitution of 1891.
With the change of the capital of the country to Brasília, the former Federal District, becomes the state of Guanabara. With the merger of the states of Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro in 1975, the city of Rio de Janeiro ceases to be understood in the state of Guanabara, fused with the state of Rio de Janeiro, returning to the state capital condition.
↑ Recenseamento Geral do Brazil 1972: Municipio Neutro.
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0.952629 |
Locate a Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation Facility near me in Sheboygan, WI.
Drug and alcohol treatment in Sheboygan, WI. can often be a matter of going through the motions but not getting much accomplished, or only getting results that will be short-lived because inadequate time and effort was put into rehab getting down to the bottom of what caused the issue to start with. The thing is that sometimes individuals aren't within the right rehabilitation for them, even though they are in what might be looked at "rehab". By way of example, some drug and alcohol rehab programs in Sheboygan, Wisconsin call themselves a treatment facility but only really allow enough time to detox and perhaps address some things that can help the person stay drug free once they leave rehab. Likewise, short-term programs in Sheboygan will not be ideal for somebody that is dependent to drugs or alcohol, because after only 1 month or fewer in treatment individuals aren't prepared to return to their normal lives and be confident about managing things which trigger their drug abuse. It's just unrealistic, and that's why such brief stints in rehabilitation usually cause short-lived successes that lead to relapse.
To really reap the benefits of treatment, individuals must be in an alcohol and drug treatment program in Sheboygan, WI. that not only provides them with ample time to address anything which could compromise their decision to get drug-free, but additionally a big change of environment that's ideal for recovery. This is the reason inpatient and residential drug rehabilitation programs in Sheboygan provide an individual the very best possibility to actually get drug free and stay that way, and should be regarded as the primary option. When someone refuses to go to drug and alcohol rehabilitation, this can be a hurdle which may be overcome using an effective drug intervention. So consult with a drug rehab counselor to get an intervention started straight away if this seems like the next step.
Household and Income Statistics in: Sheboygan, WI.
Nett Work Family Counseling LLC is an Outpatient Drug Rehab Program with a focus on Drug and Alcohol Treatment. The address is 2801 Calumet Drive Sheboygan, WI. 53083 and phone number is 920-451-6908.
Prevea Behavioral Care is an Outpatient Drug Rehab Program with a focus on Co-Occurring Mental And Substance Abuse Disorders, Treatment for addicts with Hiv/Aids, Treatments for addicts that are LGBT, Treatment for Seniors, Criminal Justice Clients, Assistance For Hearing Impaired, Spanish Speaking. The address is 3425 Superior Avenue Sheboygan, WI. 53081 and phone number is 920-458-5557.
Located at 2629 North 7th Street Sheboygan, WI. 53083. The phone number is 920-451-5510.
Catholic Charities Inc is located at 503 Wisconsin Avenue Sheboygan, WI. 53081. This is an Outpatient Drug Rehab Program specializing in Spanish Speaking. They accept Self Payment, Medicaid, Medicare, State Financed Insurance, Private Insurance, Sliding Scale Payment, Payment Assistance.
The phone number is 920-458-5726.
Libertas of Sheboygan is located at 2108 Kohler Memorial Drive Sheboygan, WI. 53081. This is a Drug and Alcohol Rehab, Drug and Alcohol Detox, Outpatient Drug Rehab Program specializing in Adolescent Treatment, Assistance For Hearing Impaired. They accept Self Payment, Medicaid, Medicare, State Financed Insurance, Private Insurance.
The phone number is 920-803-0740.
Sheboygan Cnty Health and Human Servs is located at 1011 North 8th Street Sheboygan, WI. 53081. This is a Drug and Alcohol Rehab, Outpatient Drug Rehab Program specializing in Dui/Dwi Offenders, Assistance For Hearing Impaired. They accept Self Payment, Medicaid, Medicare, State Financed Insurance, Private Insurance, Sliding Scale Payment.
The phone number is 920-459-3155.
Located at 706 North 9th Street Sheboygan, WI. 53081. The phone number is 920-458-4161.
Sheboygan County Dept of Health and is an Outpatient Drug Rehab Program specializing in Assistance For Hearing Impaired, Spanish Speaking. This facility accepts Self Payment, Medicaid, Medicare, State Financed Insurance, Private Insurance, Sliding Scale Payment - located at 1011 North 8th Street Sheboygan, WI. 53081. The phone number is 920-459-3155.
Located at 2414 Kohler Memorial Drive Sheboygan, WI. 53081. The phone number is 920-457-4461.
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0.961923 |
How and where to begin a story is always - always - a hard question. I have gone back and changed the beginning for nearly every story I've written. In some cases, I have changed the beginning multiple times over the course of revision. It's enough to make one go batty!
This may sound simple, but there's more to it than that.
I put the main conflict first because the main conflict is what drives the story forward, and sometimes the main conflict does not start in the same place that the main character does. Often in works where a murder mystery occurs and where the antagonist is mysterious, the book will start with a segment from the antagonist's point of view. This establishes the stakes, i.e. why exactly it is that a reader should care about what the main character is going to try to accomplish. Thus, when we get to the point where we're seeing the main character - likely doing something far more innocuous - we already get a sense of danger, anticipation, and most importantly, curiosity about what happens next. When, as in Janice Hardy's The Shifter, the character has a secret and her safety depends on nobody finding out about it, it makes perfect sense for the story to begin with a scene that results in this secret being discovered. That's what I would call a tributary scene, where the scene has its own natural stakes and drive, but delivers us into a place where the main conflict has clearly begun. For my current work in progress, the opening scene is one that shows the main character in a situation where it is important for him to pay attention to how he and his reputation are perceived by others, and then shows him being driven step by step off his comfortable ordinary concerns into a place of extreme danger, not because of the antagonist, but because of a contagious disease and the fear that the disease causes in people around him. The disease then becomes a driver that leads to a second major change, the death of a person in power, that propels the story toward its conclusion.
I'll return in a second to the issue of "being driven step by step off his comfortable ordinary concerns," but before I do that I want to address the question of backstory.
Any piece of backstory that contributes directly to the identity of the protagonist, his/her culture, his/her self-awareness, and his/her basis for decision making can be portrayed indirectly through the protagonist's actions, and thus need not be included in the main story.
You may have noticed that I've arrived at "the main character" here.
Point of view is my ultimate ally in this. I think about it in the following terms: we judge our experiences and choose our actions on the basis of our personality and experience; thus, aspects of personality and experience can be included at points where our protagonist judges events, and chooses to act.
"It wouldn't matter," Tagret said. "My father wouldn't risk coming all the way back across the continent just for a Cabinet seat. He's too happy ruling Selimna where nobody can reach him." No Father meant none of Father's nasty surprises, and it would be preferable to keep him there, except that his last and worst surprise had been taking Mother with him.
The fact that Tagret's parents have been gone in a place so far that they can't come back to visit, that he hates his father and loves his mother, and that his father is important enough to consider a Cabinet seat not worth his while - all of these are important pieces of information for understanding the story as it continues. They are relevant here not because Tagret stops out of his ordinary concerns to muse on them, but because he's using them as a basis for his evaluation of the ongoing talk, and his response.
The fact is that an opening scene is strongest when it's a point of convergence. It shows conflict, it shows character, and it shows world (you didn't think I'd forget world, did you?) all at once in an active and engaged way. At the beginning of the story, a reader needs to be grounded in all three.
Grounding is absolutely critical in an opening scene. This is the word I give to basic reader orientation. The reader needs to be oriented - in some way - to the who, what, and where of the story. These elements can be presented in different sorts of balance, as when our protagonist is feeling disoriented and not knowing where he/she is, but they are very important. Imagine the main character as a runner, and you're about to be tied to that runner with a rope so you can follow along at (possibly breakneck) speed for the entire story. If you are going to be able to do this, you have to have your feet on the ground. Otherwise the runner will end up dragging you, spinning and yelling, until you manage to untie yourself and get away.
This is why starting in the middle of extreme action is not a good idea. Everett Maroon had a good post on this issue, here. In your opening scene, your main character should be doing something that requires him/her to indicate to readers who he/she is and what his/her normal concerns are. Until "normal" is established, the abnormal will have no meaning. Even if your character is disoriented, he/she can still try to make sense of what is going on around him/her in terms of what would be normal under ordinary circumstances.
in what context could the main character best demonstrate his/her core motivations, possibly through indirect reference to backstory?
in what location the main character could best portray the conditions of his/her world that have the greatest bearing on the story as it goes forward?
in what situation would the significance of the main conflict to this character become most evident?
Once you've arrived at an answer, don't figure it's the answer. Be aware that it's perfectly okay to start in the wrong place - if I didn't realize that, I would never finish anything. In the first draft, the most important thing is to find a point of entry where the story starts telling itself to you. Then you can go back later and refine the placement of that scene so it does the most for the story as a whole. After all, sometimes you don't know where the story is going until you've finished it. And since a major point of an opening scene is to show, or foreshadow, where the story is going, you'll be able to place it a lot better if you actually know where the story is going!
Dive in and go for it. These are just a few things for you to think about as you prepare to do so.
I like the point you make about it not being "the answer" and that it's ok to start in the wrong place. Beginnings are the hardest for me, and if I waited to get it right, I wouldn't get anything done. Thanks for writing about beginnings in more depth than the usual advice to "start with action"
I usually have a good hook, but almost never start in the right place and end up changing the starting point. The advice that I have tried to follow is the advice that John Campbell gave to Isaac Asimov way back in the 1940s. When Asimov was struggling with the beginning of the story, he said, "You are almost certainly starting the story too early. Pick a point later in the story and start there. If necessary you can fill in the background through flashbacks."
That doesn't always work, particularly if a story isn't time-linear (which some of mine are not). But, for instance, in "Take One For the Road" I stated the story at the moment in which the main character decides to tell the story he has been keeping to himself for decades, which is as late as I could imagine starting the story.
I wonder if there is some kind of correlation between how late you start and how quickly you get to the main conflict. I have found that when I am struggling with an opening, if I push for a later and later scene, eventually I get something that feels right. In another recent story--one that didn't work so well, I realize I didn't start late enough. It was an s.f. murder mystery. I started with the lead detective being alerted to the crime, but I should have started with her already at the crime seen, actually looking at the body.
I would also draw a distinction between where a novel starts and a short story. The "rule" that I've stated above works for short stories, but I don't know if it would work for a novel. In fact, it might be irrelevant since you have more space to carry out your work.
T.S. Bazelli, I'm glad you found the post helpful. Thanks for commenting!
Jamie, thanks for sharing some classic advice! I agree it can be good to start as late as you can get away with. I don't think the rule is irrelevant to novels. It's easy to get distracted from general principles of story by the "wiggle room" you have to work with in a novel. Very often the same kinds of principles apply.
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0.883904 |
What, then, is the thought concerning Christ in the first chapter of Hebrews?
First of all there is introduced "God"--God the Father--as the speaker to men, who "in time past spake unto the fathers by the prophets" and who "hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son."
Thus is introduced Christ the Son of God. Then of Him and the Father it is written: "Whom He [the Father] hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He [the Father] made the worlds." Thus, as preliminary to His introduction and our consideration of Him as High Priest, Christ the Son of God is introduced as being with God as Creator and as being the active, vivifying Word in the creation--"by whom also He [God] made the worlds."
Next, of the Son of God Himself we read: "Who being the brightness of His [God's] glory, and the express image of His [God's] person ["the very impress of His substance," margin R.V.], and upholding all things by the word of His power, when He had by Himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high."
Therefore it is further written of Him that He was "made so much better than the angels, as He hath by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they." This more excellent name is the name "God," which, in the eighth verse, is given by the Father to the Son: "Unto the Son He [God] saith, Thy throne, O God, is forever and ever."
Thus, He is "so much" better than the angels as God is better than the angels. And it is because of this that He has that more excellent name --the name expressing only what He is in His very nature.
And this name "He hath by inheritance." It is not a name that was bestowed but a name that is inherited.
Now it lies in the nature of things, as an everlasting truth, that the only name any person can possibly inherit is his father's name. This name, then, of Christ's, which is more excellent than that of the angels, is the name of His Father, and His Father's name is God. The Son's name, therefore, which He has by inheritance, is God.
And this name, which is more excellent than that of the angels, is His because he is "so much better than the angels." That name being God, He is "so much better than the angels" as God is better than the angels.
Next, His position and nature, as better than that of the angels, is dwelt upon: "For unto which of the angels said He [the Father] at any time, Thou art My Son, this day have I begotten thee? And again, I will be to Him a Father, and He shall be to Me a Son?" This holds the thought of the more excellent name spoken of in the previous verse. For He, being the Son of God--God being His Father, thus hath "by inheritance" the name of His Father, which is God and which is so much more excellent than the name of the angels as God is better than they.
This is dwelt upon yet further: "And again, when He bringeth in the first begotten into the world, He saith, and let all the angels of God worship Him." Thus He is so much better than the angels that He is worshiped by the angels: and this according to the will of God, because He is, in His nature, God.
This thought of the mighty contrast between Christ and the angels is dwelt upon yet further: "Of the angels He saith, Who maketh His angels spirits, and His ministers a flame of fire. But unto the Son He saith, Thy throne, O God, is forever and ever ["from eternity to eternity," German translation]."
And again, "A scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Thy kingdom. Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, even Thy God, hath anointed Thee with the oil of gladness above Thy fellows."
And yet again, the Father, in speaking to the Son, says: "Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the works of Thine hands: they shall perish; but Thou remainest; and they all shall wax old as doth a garment; and as a vesture shalt Thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but Thou are the same, and Thy years shall not fail."
Note the contrasts here and in them read the nature of Christ. The heavens shall perish, but He remains. The heavens shall wax old, but His years shall not fail. The heavens shall be changed, but He is the same. This shows that He is God, of the nature of God.
Yet more of this contrast between Christ and the angels: "To which of the angels said He at any time, Sit on My right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool? Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation?"
Thus, in the first chapter of Hebrews Christ is revealed higher than the angels, as God; and as much higher than the angels as is God, because He is God.
In the first chapter of Hebrews Christ is revealed as God, of the name of God, because He is of the nature of God. And so entirely is His nature of the nature of God that it is the very impress of the substance of God.
This is Christ the Saviour, Spirit of Spirit, substance of substance, of God.
And this it is essential to know in the first chapter of Hebrews, in order to know what is His nature revealed in the second chapter of Hebrews as man.
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"Our gun ban has ended mass shootings here for 22 years."
Following the mass shooting at a Florida high school in February, several celebrities have already voiced their support of tighter gun laws in America.
Heartbroken over the news of another school shooting. This is the 18th in 45 days of 2018. Students & teachers shouldn't have to fear for their safety. We must do more to prevent these senseless acts of gun violence. My heart is w/ the people in Parkland, FL. Enough is enough.
As we send our thoughts & prayers to the people of Parkland, Florida how about we, the people & govt of America, actually DO something abt gun violence.
Terri Irwin, who was born in America and later settled in Australia, has added her voice to the debate on Twitter.
Terri's tweet, which was in response to an article posted by the National Rifle Association's Twitter page, urged America to follow Australia's stance on gun laws.
She said, "Our gun ban has ended mass shootings here for 22 years. Not one. This actually works. Try it."
The social response to Terri's tweet has been mostly positive, with many acknowledging that it is time for America to change.
@TerriIrwin We need to have this in the USA. It's so far out of control now!
@TerriIrwin I have no words. This is just.... woah, thank you.
@TerriIrwin Thanks for speaking up!! As a yank living downunder for more than 20yrs, I too think America could learn a few things from other nations. We really do live in a lucky country!
BuzzFeed has contacted Terri Irwin for comment.
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0.972162 |
As a CFO, you want to ensure that marketing investments lead to incremental revenue. That’s when your role to measure marketing comes in. However, the challenge is to build a strong connection between marketing initiatives and the revenue these initiatives promise to generate.
To answer these questions realistically, you need to implement marketing metrics.
Using the right marketing metrics can help you decide how much budget you should allocate to marketing for the next fiscal year.
The following are some critical marketing metrics you should know.
How to compute the metric: The computation involves your total marketing and sales cost. Add up all the advertising and program cost, salaries, bonuses, commissions, and all overhead expenses. Then divide this sum by the number of new customers you have earned in a given period.
The calculations can be based on a month, a quarter, or a year. If your total sales and marketing cost totals to $100,000 and you earned 10 customers that month, your CAC will be $10000.
What this means if this number increases: The CAC should already be set to ensure you’re making a beneficial deal. If the cost crosses the set CAC, it means you’re spending more than you should for each customer.
How to compute the metric: The computation involves tracking organic traffic on the website turning into leads. The aim is to find out if those leads turned into customers, and eventually, increased revenue.
The best way for you to identify potential opportunities is to calculate organic website traffic. It shows how the content, linking, blogging, and social outreach has an impact on the potential customers.
What this means if this number increases: It’s a great indication if the number increases. Working on metrics such as inbound leads, organic rankings, and conversions on landing pages can help you track the success of the business.
How to compute the metric: The computation allows you to estimate the current value of your customer (in events where revenue is recurring from the customers as they make a repeat purchase) and compare it to the cost of acquiring a new customer.
You can get to this ratio by subtracting the annual payments made by a customer from the gross margin and divide by the estimated churn percentage (for that customer). Then divide by the CAC for the ratio.
What this means if this number increases: If the LTV: CAC ratio is higher, it means you’ve earned a higher ROI based on your marketing efforts.
If the ratio is 1:1, you lose money as you sell. A 3:1 target is ideal. Anything higher than that is great but quite impossible to achieve in a competitive market.
How to compute the metric: Use the calculation for CAC and then divide it by the average amount your customers pay you each month.
What this means if this number increases: If the payback is higher, it shows the actual time it takes your company to earn back CAC. It’s a bad indication.
0-6 months mean you’re under-investing in marketing and sales. It’s reasonable between 9 and 18 months. If it’s beyond 18 months, it could be a problem.
How to compute the metric: Take the number of new customers in a period and look at the percentage that began with the lead generated by marketing.
What this means if this number increases: The marketing and sales tactics are effective for driving more business.
How to compute the metric: Take the number of new customers in a period and consider the percentage associated directly with the marketing activity.
What this means if this number increases: It shows the role of marketing in influencing the acquisition of new customers. Ideally, it should be over 70%.
They key is to incorporate an automated way for incorporating essential sales metrics to mitigate the risk of its forecast. Doing so can help you conduct practical calculations and measure business growth over months, quarters, and even years.
At ORM we specialize in sales and marketing analytics. Specifically, we help our customers align their sales and marketing teams to revenue goals. If you have any questions, or would like to know how we can help you automate these metrics, please let us know at [email protected].
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What makes a beer vegan or gluten free?
The market for vegan and gluten-free beers is still relatively small, but is expected to grow as millenials become increasingly concerned about what they eat and drink.
Last year, Guinness became vegan-friendly as the Diageo brand eliminated isinglass, a product made from fish bladders, from the brewing process.
And according to recent rearch from GlobalData, 8% of the consumers in the UK aged 18-34 associate ‘gluten-free’ with ‘healthy’, compared with 5% of the overall population.
According to CAMRA, the key ingredient that determines whether a beer is vegetarian/vegan or not is finings.
These are used to clarify beer by pulling yeast sediment to the bottom of the cask and are usually made from isinglass, an extract from the swim bladder of the sturgeon fish.
Although the finings drop to the bottom of the cask with the yeast and are not consumed, the use of an animal product to produce the beer is objected to by strict vegetarians and vegans.
Some brewers don’t fine their beer, but this means the beer needs longer to settle before serving in the pub and still turns out hazy or even cloudy in the glass. Others use finings made from seaweed, but this is mostly confined to bottled beer usage.
Gluten-free beer is beer made from ingredients that do not contain gluten such as millet, rice, sorghum, buckwheat or corn (maize). People who have gluten intolerance have a reaction to certain proteins in the grains commonly used to make beer, barley and wheat. The hordein found in barley and the gliadin found in wheat are types of gluten that can trigger symptoms in sufferers of these diseases.
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McLennan County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in Central Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 234,906. Its county seat is Waco. The U.S. census 2018 county population estimate is 254,607. The county is named for Neil McLennan, an early settler.
McLennan County is included in the Waco Metropolitan Statistical Area.
McLennan County was created by the Texas Legislature in 1850 out of Milam County. The county seat, Waco, had been founded as an outpost of the Texas Rangers. It was laid out by George B. Erath, and was known by 1850 as Waco Village.
Popular carbonated beverage Dr Pepper was developed in Waco by pharmacist Charles Alderton in the 1880's. Dr. Pepper was headquartered in Waco, until moved to Dallas, Texas. Waco is also home to the Dr. Pepper Museum, housed in the 1906 building that was the first stand-alone facility used to bottle Dr. Pepper.
According to local lore, the first sustained flight did not occur in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, but just outside Tokio (a small community in McLennan County) by a man flying a gyrocopter. During World War I, McLennan County was home to at least one military airfield, Rich Field. In the aftermath of World War I, when social tensions were high as veterans returned, white racial violence broke out against blacks.
Two major Ku Klux Klan marches (one in Waco and another in Lorena) took place, demonstrating the revival of the Klan since 1915. Public lynchings by Whites of numerous Black citizens occurred; McLennan County had a total of 15 lynchings from 1877 to 1950, most around the turn of the century. This was the second-highest total of any county in Texas, where lynchings were widespread.
The spectacle lynching of Jesse Washington outside Waco city hall in May 1916 was the most egregious of these extrajudicial murders; his lynching was publicized and attracted 10,000 attendees. The brutal torture and murder of Washington by burning became known as the "Waco Horror", and was nationally criticized by the press. In the 1990s, the Waco City Council and the McLennan County Commissioners Court discussed passing a resolution to memorialize this lynching, but they did not act. In May 2016, a mayor of Waco formally apologized to Washington's descendants and the Black community, in a centenary ceremony to mark the anniversary of his lynching. A historical marker is being erected to acknowledge the lynching.
McLennan County's contributions to World War II include the reopening of Rich Field for use by the Air Force, and the opening of James Connally Air Force Base, now the home of TSTC Waco Airport and Texas State Technical College. Doris Miller from the county was awarded the Navy Cross for his heroism at Pearl Harbor; he was the first African American to earn such distinction. Local man James Connally became known as a World War II fighter pilot.
In 1886, Baylor University relocated from Independence, Texas, to Waco and absorbed Waco University. During the early 20th century, McLennan County was home to as many as five colleges; in addition to Baylor, the other colleges included the predecessor to what is now known as Texas Christian University (now in Fort Worth), Paul Quinn College (relocated since to Dallas), and two other short-lived colleges.
In the 1960s, the Texas Legislature authorized McLennan Community College, the first community college to use those words in the name. Around the same time, what is now the flagship institution of Texas State Technical College was founded as James Connally Technical Institute, as a member of the Texas A&M University System. Today, Baylor, McLennan Community College, and Texas State Technical College continue to operate in McLennan County. They educate a large portion of the college-bound high school graduates from the county and the surrounding areas. McLennan Community College has also partnered Tarleton University, Texas Tech University, University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, and Midwestern State University to offer more than fifty bachelors or masters year degrees.
Crush, Texas, was a short-lived town in McLennan County, about 15 miles (24 km) north of Waco. It was established to stage a publicity stunt concocted by William George Crush and the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad. The stunt involved the collision of two 35-ton steam locomotives in front of spectators, whom the railway transported to the event for $2 each. After strong promotion, on September 15, 1896, the event was delayed by several hours as the police maneuvered the crowd of more than 40,000 back to what was thought to be a safe distance.
The crews of the two engines tied the throttles open and jumped off. The two engines, pulling wagons filled with railroad ties, traveled a 4-mile (6.4 km) track and thunderously crashed into each other at a combined speed up to 120 mph (190 km/h). The boilers exploded and sent steam and flying debris into the crowd. Three people were killed and about six were injured, including event photographer Jarvis "Joe" Deane, who lost an eye because of a flying bolt.
Ragtime composer Scott Joplin commemorated the event with "The Great Crush Collision March"; Joplin dedicated the composition to the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railway. Texas composer and singer Brian Burns wrote and recorded a song about the collision, "The Crash at Crush" (2001).
In May 17, 2015, motorcycle clubs gathered at the Twin Peaks Restaurant in Waco for a Confederation of Clubs meeting. Upon arrival of a large contingent of the Bandidos Motorcycle Club, mass violence erupted in the parking lot of Twin Peaks between members of the Bandidos and members of the Cossasks Motorcycle Club. This resulted in 9 dead and 18 wounded in the melee between the rival outlaw motorcycle gangs. Twenty-Six bikers still have pending charges in the county's two District Courts that hear felonies.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,060 square miles (2,700 km2), of which 1,037 square miles (2,690 km2) are land and 23 square miles (60 km2) (2.2%) are covered by water.
As of the census of 2000, 213,517 people, 78,859 households, and 52,914 families resided in the county. The population density was 205 people per square mile (79/km²). The 84,795 housing units averaged 81 per square mile (31/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 72.17% White, 15.19% Black or African American, 0.49% Native American, 1.07% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 9.21% from other races, and 1.83% from two or more races. About 17.91% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race; 12.8% were of German, 11.0% American, 8.0% English, and 6.9% Irish ancestry.
Of the 78,859 households, 33.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.70% were married couples living together, 13.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.90% were not families. About 26.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the county, the population was distributed as 26.60% under the age of 18, 14.60% from 18 to 24, 26.40% from 25 to 44, 19.50% from 45 to 64, and 12.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.20 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $33,560, and for a family was $41,414. Males had a median income of $30,906 versus $21,978 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,174. About 12.40% of families and 17.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.70% of those under age 18 and 11.30% of those age 65 or over.
^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 194.
^ a b "The Crash at the Crush". Texas Historical Commission. Archived from the original on 2015-11-21. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to McLennan County, Texas.
Read Neil McLennan's entry in the Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas[permanent dead link] hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
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0.999654 |
Orthopedics is basically the branch of surgery that is concerned with acute, traumatic and overuse injuries and other disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
Orthopedic surgeons generally address most of the musculoskeletal ailments including the likes of arthritis, trauma and congenital deformities, using both, the surgical as well as non-surgical methods.
Orthopedic sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the surgical management of injuries, illness and other disorders related to sports.
According to the conventional way of practice of medicine, surgery has always been considered as the last resort to treat a particular problem. However, in the last few years, the use of surgical options has increased manifold, especially for situations like sports medicine. Orthopedic sports medicine has facilitated quick and result-oriented cure and treatment of ailments associated with sports in a highly efficient manner.
In fact, surgical sports medicine is one of the main nine subspecialties of the field of orthopedic surgery.
The important role of orthopedic sports medicine is highlighted by the fact that there are special organizations and programs dedicated to the purpose.
The American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), is a world leader in sports medicine education, research, communication as well as fellowship. The AOSSM was originally established in 1972, as a national organization of orthopedic surgeons dedicated to sports medicine.
The most important role of AOSSM is to ensure health and safety at all levels of sport and facilitate extensive research in order to prevent and manage injury.
The practice of orthopedic sports medicine is generally involved in the treatment and cure of a series of disorder associated with sports. The main amongst these include knee and elbow surgery, along with minor and non-invasive surgeries carried out to rectify other issues.
An individual functioning in the field of orthopedic sports medicine has to ensure that certain essential requirements and criteria are being met.
In this section, we list some of the main pointers in this context.
1. Ensure that proper educational qualification and further specialization has been achieved.
2. It is also important to ensure that the professionals involved in the field of orthopedic sports medicine have achieved the required accreditations and fellowships from the relevant organizations.
3. It is vital for these professionals to carry out regular research campaigns to facilitate the development of newer technologies and techniques in the field of orthopedic sports medicine.
4. Membership should also be sought to the significant research journals and publications, in order to be suitably informed about the relevant developments in orthopedic sports medicine.
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My film was made in 2017. Is it still eligible?
No. To be eligible for SXSW 2020, your film must have been completed in 2018, 2019, or be completed by early 2020.
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0.989012 |
List Rules Vote up the best anime characters with the coolest healing powers.
Anime characters with healing powers are often overlooked by fans. It’s not a power that usually goes to protagonists, and it isn’t as obviously cool as, say, shooting fire out of one’s hands. In fact, healers have a reputation for being weak, passive people who can’t fight and aren’t especially interesting.
This couldn’t be further from the truth. While there are some anime healers who don’t participate in battles, that’s for a good reason - they’re so critical to the outcome of a battle and the longevity of the heroes that they must prioritize their own safety. What’s more, there are plenty of anime healers who will happily throw hands - Tsunade is one of the greatest ninja in Naruto history, and not just for her healing prowess.
Each one of these healing abilities operates slightly differently - some are nearly infinite, while others have strict limits and rules. However their abilities function, anime characters with healing abilities are crucial members of their teams because they let warrior types take risks and keep going when they’d otherwise be bedridden or hospitalized. Let’s give these amazing characters some love!
Orihime possesses a wide variety of incredible abilities, most of which derive from Shun Shun Rikka, a flower-shaped hairpin that can summon different combinations of spirits. One combination allows her to use a technique called Sōten Kisshun, which rejects or nullifies any event or phenomenon that she finds undesirable.
While Sōten Kisshun has a number of functions, its most noteworthy one is healing. If a friend or ally is injured, she can reject or negate that injury, making it as if it had never happened.
Is this a great anime healer?
Tsunade is considered the greatest healer in the world of Naruto, and she deserves the title. She can heal things that no one else can, from seemingly incurable spine injuries to psychological damage sustained by those exposed to Infinite Tsukuyomi. Besides healing people through magical means, she’s a master diagnostician and pharmacist.
In addition to healing others, she can also heal herself - in fact, she continuously and rapidly regenerates her own cells, which not only heals medical issues but which also keeps her looking far younger than her actual years.
Not only does Tsunade possess these incredible abilities, she also teaches them to others. She introduced ‘medical ninja’ as a career path, saving thousands of lives in the process. She’s taught Shizune, Sakura, Ino, and plenty of other ninja how to heal.
Using Sky Dragon Slayer Magic, Wendy is able to heal everything from motion sickness to fatal injuries. She does this by manipulating pure air and using it to cure poisons, restore memories, and heal potentially fatal injuries. Because she uses clean air to help, her powers are less effective when she’s in a polluted area.
As a reincarnation of the goddess Elizabeth, it’s no surprise that Elizabeth Liones has some pretty impressive abilities. One of those abilities is Invigorate, which allows her to rapidly heal almost any injury or ailment that a person can suffer from. She can also heal large groups of people simultaneously, and restore energy and stamina.
At first, she was not able to heal herself, but when her memories returned partway through the series she regained that ability. Also, if she doesn’t control her abilities well, they can have the opposite effect on demons - hurting them instead of healing them.
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What is Factor's specialty? Where is it best used?
Factor can be used for anything. It is not a scripting language but it is suitable for rapid development. Factor has been used for everything from web applications to game development to XML parser implementation. Factor isn't meant for extremely low-level things, like boot loaders or microcontroller programming, though.
Factor is an experiment to build a modern, useful concatenative language with strong abstraction capabilities. Though there are some pitfalls, many problems can be more cleanly expressed in a concatenative language.
Is Factor suitable for implementing my next program?
Probably. There are only a couple places where it might not work. For example, you'll never be able to program your TI-83 calculator in Factor, because it has a footprint at least as big as the image, which means at least 500 Kb for most programs, even with a minimal image. Also, Factor won't (yet) work for situations where things need to run extremely fast (though it is already faster than most scripting languages for most tasks, and it's possible to write some parts of a Factor program in C). It would be difficult to write, say, a bootloader with it. One disadvantage of Factor is that there is currently no way to use a C++ library. But for everything else, it should be usable.
Though Factor images can only run on one specific platform, the same Factor source code can easily be run on any platform that Factor is ported to. Portability issues only occur when interfacing with native libraries, or if there is a bug.
How is Factor different from Forth?
Forth is untyped, not garbage collected, and close to the machine. For flow control, Forth code tends to use immediate words. Variables and arrays tend to be global, and programs aren't usually written in a functional manner. Factor is very different from this. It is dynamically typed, offering a high degree of reflection. Unreferenced objects are garbage collected with a generational garbage collector. Factor code is a little bit more distant from the machine, though the C FFI allows using words like malloc and mmap. For flow control, Factor generally uses quotations, allowing flexible higher order functions; parsing words are used mostly for definitions and data literals. Variables are dynamically or statically scoped (see below), and arrays are just objects which don't need to be treated specially. There is no need to think about pointers, although in Forth, this can usually be factored out to just a few words. Factor is generally a functional programming language.
If Factor programs are just compositions of existing words, how is Factor as powerful as other programming languages?
Factor is a Turing-complete programming language whose programs are capable of doing whatever any other programming language can do. In fact, it isn't all that complicated to translate between a stack-based language and an applicative one, as long as it's known how many arguments the words in the stack-based language take.
Why do we need a new stack-based language?
Because the other ones aren't suitable for high-level development. Forth is great for low-level things, but its lack of type system and garbage collection make it difficult to debug programs, and it doesn't mesh well with functional programming. Joy made a very important theoretical contribution, but it is difficult to compile efficiently, its syntax is inextensible and it has an insufficient module system. Additionally, it is almost purely functional, making many things difficult. Factor combines the best aspects of these two systems, together many other borrowings from various places.
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According to the 12th century Kievan Primary Chronicle, a group of Varangians known as the Rus' settled in Novgorod in 6370 (862) under the leadership of Rurik. Before Rurik, the Rus' might have ruled an earlier hypothetical polity. Rurik's relative Oleg conquered Kiev in 882 and established the state of Kievan Rus', which was later ruled by Rurik's descendants.
Engaging in trade, piracy, and mercenary activities, Varangians roamed the river systems and portages of Gardariki, as the areas north of the Black Sea were known in the Norse sagas. They controlled the Volga trade route (Route from the Varangians to the Arabs), connecting the Baltic to the Caspian Sea, and the Dnieper trade route (Route from the Varangians to the Greeks) leading to the Black Sea and Constantinople. Those were the critically important trade links at that time, connecting Dark Age Europe with wealthy and developed Arab Caliphates and the Byzantine Empire; Most of the silver coinage in the West came from the East via those routes. Attracted by the riches of Constantinople, the Varangian Rus' initiated a number of Rus'-Byzantine Wars, some of which resulted in advantageous trade treaties. At least from the early 10th century many Varangians served as mercenaries in the Byzantine Army, comprising the elite Varangian Guard (the personal bodyguards of Byzantine Emperors). Eventually most of them, both in Byzantium and in Eastern Europe, were converted from paganism to Orthodox Christianity, culminating in the Christianization of Kievan Rus' in 988. Coinciding with the general decline of the Viking Age, the influx of Scandinavians to Rus' stopped, and Varangians were gradually assimilated by East Slavs by the late 11th century.
Having settled Aldeigja (Ladoga) in the 750s, Scandinavian colonists played an important role in the early ethnogenesis of the Rus' people and in the formation of the Rus' Khaganate. The Varangians (Varyags, in Old East Slavic) are first mentioned by the Primary Chronicle as having exacted tribute from the Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. The Vikings were rapidly expanding in Northern Europe: England began to pay Danegeld in 859, and the Curonians of Grobin faced an invasion by the Swedes at about the same date. Due largely to geographic considerations, it is often argued that most of the Varangians who traveled and settled in the eastern Baltic, Russia, and lands to the south came from the area of modern Sweden .
In the 9th century, the Rus' operated the Volga trade route, which connected Northern Russia (Gardariki) with the Middle East (Serkland). The Volga route declined by the end of the century, and the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks rapidly overtook it in popularity. Apart from Ladoga and Novgorod, Gnezdovo and Gotland were major centres for Varangian trade.
The Invitation of the Varangians by Viktor Vasnetsov: Rurik and his brothers Sineus and Truvor arrive in Staraya Ladoga.
According to the Primary Chronicle, in 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against their Varangian rulers, driving them overseas back to Scandinavia, but they soon started to conflict with each other. The disorder prompted the tribes to invite the Varangians back "to come and rule them" and bring peace to the region. Led by Rurik and his brothers Truvor and Sineus, the invited Varangians (called Rus') settled around the town of Holmgård (Novgorod). The Primary Chronicle twice names Rus' among the other Varangian peoples, including Swedes, Normans, Angles, and Gutes (Normans was an Old Russian term for Norwegians, while Angles may be interpreted as Danes). In some places the chronicle mentions Slavs and Rus' as different groups, while in other instances it mixes them.
Under the leadership of Rurik's relative Oleg, the Varangian Rus' expanded southwards by capturing Kiev from the Khazars, founding the medieval state of Rus'. Attracted by the riches of Constantinople and the Arab world, Varangians initiated a number of Rus'-Byzantine Wars, some of which resulted in advantageous trade treaties. Meanwhile, descendants of Rurik expanded the Russian state and unified the local tribes. Contact with the Byzantine Empire increased, culminating in the Christianization of Kievan Rus' in 988, during the reign of Vladimir the Great.
Longships Are Built in the Land of the Slavs , Nicholas Roerich (1903).
As with the Norse influence in Normandy and the British Isles, Varangian culture did not survive in the East. Instead, the Varangian ruling classes of the two powerful city-states of Novgorod and Kiev were gradually slavicised by the end of the 11th century. However, the successor descendants of Rurik were the ruling dynasty of medieval Kievan Rus', the successor principalities of Galicia-Volhynia (after 1199), Chernigov, Vladimir-Suzdal, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and the founders of the Tsardom of Russia. The name of the Varangian Rus' or RUS became that of the land of modern Russia and the ethnonym of its population. Russia is thus one of a few surviving states founded by Norse people.
Most historians tend to agree with the Primary Chronicle that the Varangians organized the native settlements into the political entity of Kievan Rus' in the 880s and gave their name to the land. However, many Russian scholars are opposed to this theory of Germanic influence and have suggested alternative scenarios for this part of Eastern European history. Russian historiography includes a number of Anti-Normanist theories, antagonistic to the Normanist theory of a Scandinavian origin of Varangians. For example, according to Yu. Shilov, Varangians ( Vargi) were supposed to be a tribe of Baltic Slavs without roots to Norse Vikings. While this dispute continues, the event of Rurik's arrival in 862 to Northern Russia on the request of its peoples, known as the Invitation of the Varangians (Russian: Призвание Варягов), continues to be regarded as the traditional starting point of Russian history.
Ship burial of a Rus chieftain as described by the Arab traveler Ahmad ibn Fadlan who visited Kievan Rus in the 10th century.
The Rus' initially appeared in Serkland in the 9th century, traveling as merchants along the Volga trade route, selling furs, honey, and slaves. Hoards of 9th century Baghdad-minted silver coins have been found in Sweden, particularly in Gotland. The first small-scale raids took place in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. The Rus' undertook the first large-scale expedition in 913; having arrived on 500 ships, they pillaged Gorgan, in the territory of present day Iran, and the adjacent areas, taking slaves and goods. On their return, the northern raiders were attacked and defeated by Khazar Muslims in the Volga Delta, and those who escaped were killed by the local tribes on the middle Volga.
During their next expedition in 943, the Rus' captured Barda, the capital of Arran, in the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan. The Rus' stayed there for several months, killing many inhabitants of the city and amassing substantial plunder. It was only an outbreak of dysentery among the Rus' that forced them to depart with their spoils. Svyatoslav, prince of Kiev, commanded the next attack, which destroyed the Khazar state in 965. Svyatoslav's campaign established Rus' control over the north-south trade routes, helping to alter the demographics of the region. Raids continued through the time period with the last Scandinavian attempt to reestablish the route to the Caspian Sea led by Ingvar the Far-Travelled in 1041.
The earliest Byzantine record of the Rus' may have been written prior to 842. It is preserved in the Greek Life of St. George of Amastris, which speaks of a raid that had extended into Paphlagonia. Contemporary Byzantine presence of the Rus' is mentioned in the Frankish Annals of St. Bertin. These relate that a delegation from the court of Byzantine emperor Louis the Pious visited Ingelheim in 839. In this delegation were two men who called themselves Rhos (Rhos vocari dicebant). Louis enquired about their origins and learnt that they were Swedes. Fearing that they were spies for their brothers, the Danes, he incarcerated them.
In 860, the Rus' under Askold and Dir launched their first attack on Constantinople from Kiev. The result of this attack is disputed, but the Varangians continued their efforts as they regularly sailed on their monoxyla down the Dnieper into the Black Sea. The Rus' raids into the Caspian Sea were recorded by Arab authors in the 870s and in 910, 912, 913, 943, and later. Although the Rus' had predominantly peaceful trading relations with the Byzantines, the rulers of Kiev launched the relatively successful naval expedition of 907 and the abortive campaign of 941 against Constantinople, as well as the large-scale invasion of the Balkans by Svyatoslav in 968–971. These raids were successful in forcing the Byzantines to re-arrange their trading arrangements; militarily, the Varangians were usually defeated by the superior Byzantine forces, especially in the sea due to Byzantine use of Greek fire.
The Varangian Guard (Greek: Τάγμα των Βαράγγων, Tágma tōn Varángōn) were a part of Byzantine Army and personal bodyguards of the Byzantine Emperors from the 9th to the 14th centuries. Initially the guard was composed of Varangians who came from Kievan Rus'.
The guard was first formed under Emperor Basil II after 988, following the Christianization of Kievan Rus' and union with Vladimir I of Kiev, who sent 6,000 men to Basil as a part of military assistance agreement. Basil's distrust of the native Byzantine guardsmen, whose loyalties often shifted with fatal consequences, as well as the proven loyalty of the Varangians, many of whom served in Byzantium even before, led the Emperor to employ them as his personal guard. Over the years, new recruits from Sweden, Denmark, and Norway kept a predominantly Scandinavian cast to the organization until the late 11th century. So many Scandinavians left to enlist in the guard that a medieval Swedish law from Västergötland stated that no one could inherit while staying in "Greece" — the then Scandinavian term for the Byzantine Empire. In the eleventh century, there were also two other European courts that recruited Scandinavians: Kievan Rus', c. 980–1060, and London, 1018–1066 (the Þingalið).
Composed primarily of Scandinavians for the first hundred years, the guard increasingly included Anglo-Saxons after the successful Norman Conquest of England. By the time of Emperor Alexios Komnenos in the late 11th century, the Varangian Guard was largely recruited from Anglo-Saxons and "others who had suffered at the hands of the Vikings and their cousins the Normans". The Anglo-Saxons and other Germanic peoples shared with the Vikings a tradition of faithful, oath-bound service (to death if necessary), and after the Norman Conquest of England there were many fighting men who had lost their lands and former masters looking for a living elsewhere.
The Varangian Guard not only provided security for Byzantine Emperors but participated in many wars involving Byzantium and often played a crucial role, since it was usually employed at critical moments of battle. By the late 13th century Varangians were mostly ethnically assimilated by Byzantines, though the guard operated until at least the mid-14th century, and in 1400 there were still some people identifying themselves as "Varangians" in Constantinople.
Rosemary Sutcliff's 1976 historical novel Blood Feud depicts the formation of the Varangian Guard by Basil II, from the point of view of a half-Saxon orphan who journeyed to Constantinople via the Dnieper trading route.
Henry Treece's Viking Trilogy which describe the adventures of Harald Sigurdson.
Michael Ennis's Byzantium ISBN 978-0-330-31596-8 is a fictionalised version of the life of Harald Hardrada, much of which is spent in the Varangian Guard.
In The Bulpington of Blup (1933) by H.G. Wells, the father of the protagonist maintains for years the fiction that he is at work on "a History of the Varangians that was to outshine Doughty."
The John Ringo Paladin of Shadows series, features a fictional, long forgotten enclave of the Varangian Guard in the mountains of Georgia.
Turisas's second studio album The Varangian Way is a concept album that tells the story of a group of Scandinavians travelling the river routes of medieval Russia, through Ladoga, Novgorod and Kiev, down to the Byzantine Empire. Their third album, Stand Up and Fight, describes the history of the Varangian Guard's service to the Byzantine Empire.
Bearded axe-wielding Easterlings known as Variags, inspired by the elite Viking mercenaries, are described in the fantasy novel Return of the King.
In the PC game series Mount&Blade, the name and location of the Vaegirs is used to represent this group of people. The unique unit for this faction is called a Vaegir Guard.
In the PC games Medieval: Total War and Medieval II: Total War the Varangian Guard is an axe-wielding elite infantry unit of the Byzantine Empire.
Track 5 of Amon Amarth's seventh studio album Twilight of the Thunder God is titled "Varyags of Miklagaard."
Varangian soldiers are a common enemy in the video game Assassin's Creed: Revelations.
^ Milner-Gulland, R. R.. Atlas of Russia and the Soviet Union. Phaidon. p. 36. ISBN 0-7148-2549-2. http://books.google.com/books?q=%22known+to+the+Russians+and+Greeks+as+Varangians%22&btnG=Search+Books.
^ Schultze, Sydney (2000). Culture and Customs of Russia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 5. ISBN 0-313-31101-3. http://books.google.com/books?client=firefox-a&um=1&q=%22Varangians+as+the+Russians+call+them%22&btnG=Search+Books.
^ a b Duczko, Wladyslaw (2004). Viking Rus. Brill Publishers. pp. 10–11. ISBN 90-04-13874-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=hEawXSP4AVwC&pg=PA10&dq. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
^ Hellquist 1922:1096, 1172; M. Vasmer, Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 1953, vol. 1, p. 171.
^ Falk & Torp, p. 1403; other words with the same second part are: Old Norse erfingi "heir", armingi "beggar", aumingi "beggar", bandingi "captive", hamingja "luck", heiðingi "wolf", lausingi / leysingi "homeless", cf. Falk & Torp, p. 34; Vries, p. 163.
^ Forte, Angelo; Richard Oram; and Frederik Pedersen. Viking Empires. Cambridge University Press, 2005 ISBN 0-521-82992-5. pp. 13–14.
^ Duczko, Wladyslaw (2004). Viking Rus. BRILL. pp. 10–11. ISBN 90-04-13874-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=hEawXSP4AVwC&pg=PA10&dq.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica. "Viking". http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/628781/Viking/7710/Eastern-Europe. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica. "Rurik dynasty". http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/512998/Rurik-Dynasty. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
^ "RUS". CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved October 26, 2012. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/rus.
^ Yuri Shilov, Sources of Slavic Civilisation, Osoznanie, Moscow, 2008, ISBN 978-5-98967-006-0.
This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at Varangians. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License.
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I started with an overview of spike-based theories based on synchrony. I would like to stress that synchrony-based theories should not be mistaken for theories that predict widespread synchrony in neural networks. In fact, quite the opposite: as synchrony is considered as a meaningful event, it is implied that it is a rare event (since otherwise it would not be informative). But there are also theories that do not assign any particular role to synchrony, which I will discuss now.
One popular theory based on asynchrony is rank order coding or “first spike” theories. It was popularized in particular by Simon Thorpe, who showed that humans can categorize faces in such a small time that any neuron involved in the processing chain could fire little more than one spike. This observation discards theories based on temporal averages, both rate-based theories and interval-based theories. Instead, Simon Thorpe and colleagues proposed that the information is carried by the order in which spikes are fired. Indeed, receptors that are more excited (receiving more light) generally fire earlier, so that the order in which receptors are excited carries information that is isomorphic to the pattern of light on the retina. However, by itself, the speed of processing does not discard processing schemes that do not require temporal averages, for example synfire chains or rate-based schemes based on spatial averages. Indeed it is known that the speed at which the instantaneous firing rate of a population of noisy neurons can track a time-varying input is very fast and is not limited by the membrane time constant – an interesting point is that this fact is consistent with integrate-and-fire models and not with isopotential Hodgkin-Huxley models, but this is another story. However, one argument against rate-based schemes is that they are much less energetically efficient, since information is used only after averaging. To be more precise, a quantity can theoretically be estimated from the firing of N neurons with precision of order 1/N if their responses are coordinated, but of order 1/√N if the neurons are independent. In other words, the same level of precision requires N² neurons in a rate-based scheme, vs. N neurons in a spike-based scheme.
Computationally, first spike codes are not fundamentally different, at a conceptual level, from standard rate-based codes, because first spike latency is monotonically related to input intensity. However, one interesting difference is that if only the rank order, and not the exact timing, is taken into account, then this code becomes invariant to monotonous transformations of input intensity, for example global changes in contrast or luminance. However it is not invariant to more complex transformations.
Rank order codes are also different at a physiological level. Indeed an interesting aspect of this theory is that it acknowledges a physiological fact that is ignored by both rate-based theories and synchrony-based theories, namely the asymmetry between excitation and inhibition in neurons. How can a neuron be sensitive to the temporal order of its inputs? In synchrony-based theories, which rely on excitation, neurons are sensitive to the relative timing of their inputs rather than to their temporal order. Indeed temporal order is discontinuous with respect to relative timing: it abruptly switches at time lag 0. Such a discontinuity is provided by inhibition: excitation followed by inhibition is more likely to trigger a spike than inhibition followed by excitation. The asymmetry is due to the fact that spikes are produced when the potential exceeds a positive threshold (i.e., the trajectory crosses the threshold from below).
One criticism of rank order coding is that it requires a time reference. Indeed, when comparing two spike trains, any spike is both followed and preceded by a spike from the other train, unless only the “first spike” is considered. Such a time reference, which defines the notion of “first spike”, could be the occurrence of an ocular saccade, or the start of an oscillation period if there is a global oscillation in the network that can provide a common reference.
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I don't know if you have had an experience. You slept well at night. When you woke up in the morning, you found that your neck was licking, and the back of the neck was sore. It took several hours to ease.
This is the reason why our sleeping posture is incorrect at night, and the stiff neck caused by it is also called “lost pillow” in medicine. It refers to a disease in which the muscles on one side of the neck are paralyzed, causing neck pain and limited activity. The professional diagnosis is called "acute cervical vertebra joint inflammation" or "neck and shoulder muscle fasciitis".
Performance 2: The neck activity is unfavorable, and it is not free to rotate. In severe cases, it is difficult to pitch. Even the head is strong to the abnormal position, and the head is biased to the disease side.
Performance 3: It may also be characterized by tenderness in the neck muscles, sputum in the superficial muscles, stiffness, and a sense of "feeling", so pay attention to your posture before going to bed, try to avoid the occurrence of the stiff neck phenomenon.
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Write a review on Universal Animal M-Stak!
In a short period of time, Animal Stak has become the world's best-selling, undisputed champion of all "stacked" anabolic training paks. However, due to its potency and certain anabolic ingredients, Animal Stak wasn't suitable for everyone - especially drug-tested athletes. Today, there's a prohormone and ephedra-free alternative to Animal Stak. It's called Animal M-Stak, and it's a powerful new anabolic training pak whose time has come. Thanks to Universal Nutrition's research and development efforts and recent discoveries, Animal M-Stak was born.
Animal M-Stak "mimics" the effects of anabolic pharmaceuticals by enhancing protein synthesis, nitrogen retention (positive nitrogen balance), and nutrition-partitioning (diverting more nutrients to lean mass over bodyfat), while simulatneously reducing muscle catabolism (wasting). How? Animal M-Stak can help potentiate your body's production of all five anabolic hormones: (1) Testosterone; (2) Human Growth Hormone (hGH); (3) Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1); (4) Luteinizing Hormone (LH); and (5) Insulin. Best of all, Animal M-Stak can do this without the androgenic side-effects associated with prohormone use or over-stressing the liver.
But Animal M-Stak is more than just an anabolic primer. It can help your body block the conversion of testosterone to estrogen and dihydrotestosterone (DHT); support your liver; increase energy for "unreal" performance; and provide key vitamin and mineral support for your muscles. If you want to be an animal, you've got to train like an animal. Now, you can without all the prohormones or ephedra.
I've been using it for almost a full cycle and have had noticable gains in muscle. This stuff gives me an extreme focus and motivation for my workout. The only thing I dont like is the crash from the energy pill a few hours after working out.
I have started on my first cycle and it was great.I gained lean muscle and my strenght went up. I have been eating like crazy,it really gives u a urge 2 eat since its making u consume those good foods.If u train real hard you will get those results u want it depends on the commitment and effort u give it. I really look forward for another cycle. this product is great and every dollar spent counts.
At first try of this product, I was blown away. Simply put, M-Stak is like none other. Upon the first few days of this product, I was able to increase on all my lifts. In addition, I gained a solid 6 lbs of muscle. This product will make you insanely hungry, as I was eating everything in sight, but I was gaining muscle and my strength was increasing. This product is very easy to take and very potent. Definitely a must have for anyone trying to gain some more mass and get serious about lifting. By far a great value for your dollar and a great investment. One of the best products I have ever used.
This product is one of the best products ive ever used. While on it i gained a good 8lbs.
My strength went up fairly good and motivation was high. They have a stimulant pill in there, identified as the red pill though it provides a nice stream of energy it doesnt work like a Pre-workout product. Aggression and anger werent affected at all, Value is pretty good about 30$ for 3 weeks. One downside is that each pak contains 8 pills which could result in problems for those who have a hard time with pills. Recoverary wasnt anything special i recovered at the same rate. Appetite was where it was at, i was hungry all the time! Only side effect i saw was when i took it wiht controlled labs white flood. It caused me to feel like garbage. Producuct tivity was pretty good and motivation was there, mainly because i spent money and wanted to make use of it! Over all i love this product and after the recommended week off im definitly ordering another can. you can go wrong with this in your stak. Its a solid supplement thats supposed to help nutrient partioning, increased protein synthesis and increased nitrogen retention. its non hormonal so its safe for 18yr olds.
Vascularity but while on Mstak my vascularity was amazing.
Strength More importantly, my strength sky rocketed with mstak in everything!!!
Pump The pumps were hot and lasted me my whole workouts.
Muscle gain but this product actually helped me gain a little more (size and strength).
Strength but this product actually helped me gain a little more (size and strength).
Muscle gain My favorite product so far to gain muscle weight and strenght.
Strength My favorite product so far to gain muscle weight and strenght.
Fat loss but lost body fat.
Strength I noticed significant gains in strength while taking this product.
Physical energy I do not feel any spike in energy while taking this product.
Euphoria It's meant to be cycled for 21 days and helps produce great quality muscle and a boosting of mood if you put in the hard work.
Fat loss I didn't gain or lose any fat.
Muscle gain Wow! I've gained almost 6 lbs from m stak.
Muscle gain I only gained muscle.
Strength Most notable was the increase in my strength.
Muscle gain This product does what the name says, stacks on muscle.
Aggression I felt improved aggression towards heavy lifting days and noticed muscle hardening as well.
Jitters I started taking out the red stimulant pill just because it mad me jittery which i didn't like during my work out.
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6 + 9 = ?: (Required) Please type in the correct answer to the math question.
Fog and rain would describe the weather for the day. There was only one place where the fog cleared up for a few miles. I selected US-1 which took us around the coast of Penobscot Bay. There were numerous beautiful historic towns all along the route.
We stopped in Rockland and toured the Farnsworth Art Museum which is near where the Wyeths spent their summers. As we drove down the main street the 3 way EAT sign (left side of street in photo) caught our attention. It is on top of the museum. It was designed by artist Robert Indiana (the LOVE letters sculpture) for the 1964 World's Fair in New York. Each letter has a set of lights which pulsate in a simple pattern. At the Worlds Fair so many people thought there was a restaurant under the sculpture that the lights were turned off and never turned on again until now. It was moved to Rockland in 2009 for the Robert Indiana and the Star of Hope exhibition. We had a lobster roll for lunch.
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What is the voltage/amps of 4x AA batteries?
I have a device that takes 4x AA batteries and I'd buy a DC adapter so I don't need batteries anymore.
Assuming that they're in series, 6v nominally for alkaline, as low as 4.8 for NiMH. Batteries are specced in Amp-Hours, not amps--amperage is a rate, Ah is a quantity indicating the amount of energy stored in the battery. Typical Alkaline capacity is ~2800 mAh, so if you get around 2.8 hours of use, the device draws on average 1 Amp. However, this is not a reliable way to spec the current of a DC adapter. Is there not a label with the input power requirements on the device, or is this something that was not ever designed to run from an adapter?
Be sure to follow the wires/metal strips, as the batteries can be packed next to each other yet wired end to end.
If you're trying to build an adapter and you didn't know this or couldn't look it up without asking us, I'm going to kindly suggest you may want to uptake a different quest.
SofaKing, first figure out how it's wired. Like Jimbo asks, is it four in a series, two series of two, or four parellel? That's going to determine the voltage (either 6, 3, or 1.5 V). The aperage rating of any DC adapter you buy is going to be the maximum. Basically, the device is going to draw however much current it needs; a 500 mA power source might be overkill if the device is only drawing 200 mA, but it won't hurt anything. The danger is if the output of the DC adapter is too low: you run the risk of overheating and burning it out, or causing a fire in an extreme case.
For a device that uses four AA batteries, 500 mA is probably sufficient, but I wouldn't bet my life on it. Hopefully someone else can give you suggestions on how to estimate or measure the current requirements.
How long [hours] do the batteries last in the device when run at full power until they die? What is the capacity [mA hour] of the batteries tested? From this we can estimate average current [mA] required, since we know, approximately, the voltage of each battery as 1.5 [V].
Once you figure out how things are wired up, it will probably be easier to just make the adapter and test it out than it will be to waste time agonizing over whether it will work or not. Experimentation >> theory.
Probably just trying to make the wires to connect one purchased from RadioShack connect to his device. Not so hard.
using multimeter you can check the current draw from the batteries.
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What is on the audio CDs?
The student audio CDs contain a reading of the story, the I Can statements, and recordings of the songs. The teacher audio CDs contain the same materials as the student CDs plus the audio portion to the workbook listening exercises.
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