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[ "the moon revolving around / orbiting the earth causes the phases of the moon & the moon orbiting the earth occurs once per month -> each of the moon 's phases of earth's moon occurs once per month", " " ]

[ "the earth revolves around the sun & a revolution occurs when something revolves around something else -> revolution can be used to describe the earth revolving around the sun", " " ]

[ "gravity causes orbits & planets in the solar system orbit the sun -> gravity causes the planets in the solar system to orbit the sun", " " ]

[ "gravity causes orbits & planets in the solar system orbit the sun -> gravity causes the planets in the solar system to orbit the sun", " mars is a kind of planet & mars is located in the solar system -> mars is a planet in the solar system", " gravity causes the planets in the solar system to orbit the sun & mars is a planet in the solar system -> gravity causes mars to orbit around the sun", " " ]

[ "gravity causes orbits & the earth revolves around the sun -> gravity causes the earth to revolve around the sun", " gravity causes orbits & the moon orbits the earth -> gravity causes the moon to orbit the earth", " gravity causes the earth to revolve around the sun & gravity causes the moon to orbit the earth -> gravity causes both the orbit of the earth around the sun and the orbit of the moon around the earth", " " ]

[ "gravity causes orbits & planets in the solar system orbit the sun -> gravity causes planets in the solar system to orbit the sun", " " ]

[ "planets in the solar system orbit the sun & gravity causes orbits -> gravity causes planets in the solar system to orbit the sun", " " ]

[ "planets in the solar system orbit the sun & gravity causes orbits -> gravity causes planets in the solar system to orbit the sun", " " ]

[ "gravity causes orbits & the moon orbits the earth -> gravity causes the moon to orbit around the earth", " " ]

[ "planets in the solar system orbit the sun & gravity causes orbits -> gravity causes the planets in the solar system to orbit the sun", " " ]

[ "uranus is located in the solar system & uranus is a kind of planet -> uranus is a planet located in the solar system", " uranus is a planet located in the solar system & planets in the solar system orbit the sun -> uranus is a planet in the solar system that orbits around the sun", " uranus is a planet in the solar system that orbits around the sun & gravity causes orbits -> gravity causes uranus to orbit around the sun", " " ]

[ "the moon orbiting the earth occurs once per month & the moon 's orbit is elliptical -> the moon orbits the earth in an elliptical orbit once per month", " " ]

[ "planetary orbits are mostly elliptical & planets in the solar system orbit the sun -> planets in the solar system orbit the sun in an elliptical orbit", " " ]

[ "a planet is a kind of celestial object / body & earth is a kind of planet -> earth is a kind of celestial object", " earth is a kind of celestial object & as distance from an object decreases , that object will appear larger & a star is a kind of celestial object / celestial body -> as the distance from a star to earth decreases, the star will appear larger", " as the distance from a star to earth decreases, the star will appear larger & the sun is the star that is closest to earth -> the sun will appear larger than other stars because it is the closest star to earth", " " ]

[ "dehydrating food is used for preserving food & astronauts require preserved food for extended flights -> dehydrating food can be used for preserving food for extended flights", " " ]

[ "a space probe can orbit / land on other planets & mars is a kind of planet -> a space probe can land on mars", " a space probe can land on mars & a space probe is used for collecting / analyzing materials / samples / information -> a space probe can land on mars and collect and analyze samples", " a space probe can land on mars and collect and analyze samples & the viking i lander was sent to mars and analyze atmospheric gases and soil samples -> the viking i lander is a kind of space probe", " " ]

[ "high tide is a stage in the tide cycle process & low tide is a stage in the tide cycle process & the tide cycle occurs regularly twice per day -> high tide and low tide in the tide cycle occur twice per day", " high tide and low tide in the tide cycle occur twice per day & a tide is a kind of natural event -> high tide and low tide in the tidy cycle are the natural event that occur twice per day", " " ]

[ "high tide is a stage in the tide cycle process & low tide is a stage in the tide cycle process & the tide cycle occurs regularly twice per day -> high tide and low tide in the tide cycle occur twice per day", " " ]

[ "the tide is when ocean levels periodically rise / fall & the gravitational pull of the moon on earth 's oceans causes the tides -> the gravitational pull causes the ocean levels on earth to rise and fall periodically", " " ]

[ "the tide is when ocean levels periodically rise / fall & the gravitational pull of the moon on earth 's oceans causes the tides -> the gravitational pull causes the ocean levels on earth to rise and fall periodically", " " ]

[ "the moon moves away from earth & moving away from the source increases the distance -> the moon moving away from earth increases the distance between the moon and the earth", " the moon moving away from earth increases the distance between the moon and the earth & as the distance from an object increases , the force of gravity on that object will decrease -> the moon moving away from earth causes the force of gravity of moon on earth decreases", " the moon moving away from earth causes the force of gravity of moon on earth decreases & as the gravitational pull of the moon decreases , the height of ocean tides will decrease -> the moon moving away from earth causes the height of ocean tides on earth to decrease", " " ]

[ "spring tides occur during a full moon & spring tide is when the distance between high tide and low tide is the greatest -> the highest tides occur during a full moon", " " ]

[ "the sun is a source of light / light energy called sunlight & as a source of light moves directly overhead of an object , the size of the shadow of that object will decrease -> when the sun moves directly overhead of an object, the size of the shadow of that object will be the smallest", " when the sun moves directly overhead of an object, the size of the shadow of that object will be the smallest & the sun is located directly overhead at noon -> the shadows of an object at noon will be the smallest", " the shadows of an object at noon will be the smallest & a flagpole is a kind of object -> the shadow of a flagpole will be the smallest at noon", " " ]

[ "volcano eruption is when volcano deposits lava to the earth 's surface & new land can be formed by lava cooling after an volcano eruption -> volcano eruption can form a new land", " volcano eruption can form a new land & a volcanic eruption is a kind of quick process -> volcano eruption is a quick process to form land", " " ]

[ "most canyons are formed by flowing rivers & a valley is formed by flowing rivers -> canyons and valleys are formed by flowing rivers", " " ]

[ "sometimes piles of rocks are formed by melting glaciers depositing rocks & deposition is a kind of constructive force -> piles of rocks are formed by the constructive force of glaciers", " " ]

[ "water deposits the leaves at the foot of the hill and fans out & a delta is formed by sediment depositing at the mouth of a river by water fanning out -> water depositing leaves at the foot of the hill is similar to water forming a delta", " " ]

[ "a river is a kind of a moving body of water & most canyons are formed by flowing rivers through erosion over long periods of time -> most canyons are formed by moving body of water through erosion over long periods of time", " " ]

[ "the grand canyon is a kind of canyon & most canyons are formed by flowing rivers through erosion over long periods of time -> the grand canyon is formed by flowing rivers through erosion over long periods of time", " a river is a kind of flowing body of water & the colorado river is a kind of river next to the grand canyon -> the colorado river is a flowing river next to the grand canyon", " the grand canyon is formed by flowing rivers through erosion over long periods of time & the colorado river is a flowing river next to the grand canyon -> the grand canyon was formed by the flowing colorado river over long periods of time", " the grand canyon was formed by the flowing colorado river over long periods of time & if something is formed by something else, then that something else is required by that something -> forming the grand canyon requires the flowing colorado river", " forming the grand canyon requires the flowing colorado river & if something requires something else then that something else is important to that something -> the flowing colorado river is important for forming the grand canyon", " a river is a kind of flowing body of water & the colorado river is a kind of river -> the colorado river is a flowing body of water", " the flowing colorado river is important for forming the grand canyon & the colorado river is a flowing body of water -> a flowing body of water is important for forming the grand canyon", " " ]

[ "a dinosaur is a kind of extinct animal & a bone is a part of some animals & an example of a fossil is the bones of an extinct animal -> the bones of dinosaurs are an example of fossils", " the bones of dinosaurs are an example of fossils & index fossils can be used to determine the approximate age of other fossils in that area -> index fossils can be used to determine the approximate age of the fossils of the bones of dinosaurs", " " ]

[ "if a species existed for a relatively short time then that species is now extinct & index fossils are formed from species that existed for a relatively short time -> the species that form the index fossils are now extinct", " " ]

[ "shell is a part of a mussel & a freshwater mussel is a kind of mussel -> shell is a part of a freshwater mussel", " shell is a part of a freshwater mussel & fossils of shells of freshwater mussels are found in a mountain range -> fossils of freshwater mussels are found in the mountain range", " fossils of freshwater mussels are found in the mountain range & if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that animal or plant used to live in that place & a mountain range is a kind of place & a mussel is a kind of water animal -> the freshwater mussels used to live in the place where the mountain range is located", " a freshwater mussel is a mussel lives in freshwater & a mussel is a kind of water animal -> a freshwater mussel is a kind of water animal that lives in freshwater", " the freshwater mussels used to live in the place where the mountain range is located & a freshwater mussel is a kind of water animal that lives in freshwater -> the mountain range used to be covered by freshwater", " the mountain range used to be covered by freshwater & a river usually contains freshwater -> the mountain range was likely to be covered by a river", " " ]

[ "an ocean is a kind of body of water & a body of water is a kind of environment -> an ocean is a kind of environment", " an ocean is a kind of environment & a tropical environment usually has warm temperatures -> a tropical ocean usually has warm temperatures", " a tropical ocean usually has warm temperatures & coral lives in tropical oceans -> coral lives in warm oceans", " coral lives in warm oceans & coral is a kind of aquatic animal -> corals are aquatic animals that live in warm oceans", " corals are aquatic animals that live in warm oceans & an ocean is a kind of body of water & if fossils of an aquatic animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past -> if fossils of corals are found in a place then that place used to be covered by warm oceans in the past", " if fossils of corals are found in a place then that place used to be covered by warm oceans in the past & fossils of corals are found in ohio -> ohio used to be covered in warm oceans in the past", " " ]

[ "a wooded area is a kind of place & if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past & fossils of seashells are found in a wooded area -> the wooded area used to be covered by water in the past", " the wooded area used to be covered by water in the past & if something used to be in the past then that something has changed -> the place has changed from being covered by water to a wooded area", " " ]

[ "a dinosaur is a kind of reptile & a reptile is a kind of animal -> a dinosaur is a kind of animal", " a dinosaur is a kind of animal & if fossils of an animal or plant are found in a place then that animal or plant used to live in that place & fossils of dinosaurs are found in antarctica -> dinosaurs used to live in antarctica", " a dinosaur is a kind of reptile & a reptile is cold-blooded -> dinosaurs are cold-blooded", " a dinosaur is a kind of animal & dinosaurs are cold-blooded -> dinosaurs are cold-blooded animals", " dinosaurs are cold-blooded animals & cold-blooded animals cannot live in cold environments -> dinosaurs cannot live in cold environments", " dinosaurs used to live in antarctica & dinosaurs cannot live in cold environments -> antarctica was not a cold environment when dinosaurs used to live in antarctica", " " ]

[ "a shark is a kind of fish & a fish is a kind of aquatic animal -> a shark is a kind of aquatic animal", " a shark is a kind of aquatic animal & if fossils of an aquatic animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past -> if fossils of sharks are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past", " if fossils of sharks are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past & sharks live in oceans & an ocean is a kind of body of water -> if fossils of sharks are found in a place then that place used to be covered by oceans in the past", " if fossils of sharks are found in a place then that place used to be covered by oceans in the past & fossils of sharks are found on top of a mountain & the top of a mountain is a kind of place -> the mountain used to be covered by oceans in the past", " " ]

[ "marine animals are water animals & marine fossils means fossils of marine animals -> marine fossils are fossils of water animals", " marine fossils are fossils of water animals & marine fossils are found in mountains -> fossils of water animals are found in mountains", " fossils of water animals are found in mountains & if fossils of a water animal or plant are found in a place then that place used to be covered by water in the past -> the mountains used to be covered by water in the past", " the mountains used to be covered by water in the past & if something used to be in the past then that something has changed & a mountain is a kind of environment & a body of water is a kind of environment -> the environment has changed from a body of water to mountains", " the environment has changed from a body of water to mountains & environments are found on the crustal surface of earth -> the environments on the crustal surface of earth have changed from a body of water to mountains", " " ]

[ "limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock & shale is a kind of sedimentary rock -> shale and limestone are different kinds of sedimentary rock", " shale and limestone are different kinds of sedimentary rock & environments changing can cause layers of rock that are on top of each other to be of different kind & a layer of shale is on top of a layer of limestone -> environments changing causes the shale and limestone to be on top of each other", " " ]

[ "fossils are formed when layers of sediment cover the remains of organisms over time & a plant is a kind of organism & an animal is a kind of organism -> fossils are formed when layers of sediment cover the remains of plants and animals over time", " " ]

[ "fossils are the remains of organisms or part of organisms & organism remains can be preserved in sedimentary rock -> fossils are preserved in sedimentary rock", " fossils are preserved in sedimentary rock & if something is preserved in sedimentary rocks, then that something can be found in the sedimentary rock -> nearly all fossils are found in sedimentary rock", " " ]

[ "bones are part of some animals & animals are a kind of organism -> bones are part of organisms", " animals are a kind of organism & a shell is a part of some animals -> shells are part of some organisms", " bones are part of organisms & shells are part of some organisms & fossils are the remains of organisms or part of organisms & plants are a kind of organism -> bones remains, shells remians, and plants remains are fossils", " bones remains, shells remians, and plants remains are fossils & containing fossils is a kind of characteristic of sedimentary rock -> if a rock contains bones remains, shells remians, or plants remains, then the rock is a sedimentary rock", " " ]

[ "limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock & nearly all fossils are found in sedimentary rock -> fossils can be found in limestones", " fossils can be found in limestones & a fossil seashell is a kind of fossil -> a fossil seashell can be found in a limestone", " " ]

[ "nearly all fossils are found in sedimentary rock & if something is found in something else, then that something else contains that something -> sedimentary rocks contain nearly all fossils", " " ]

[ "fossils can be used to study the history of organisms and environments on earth & an animal is a kind of organism -> fossils can be used to study the history of animals and environments on earth", " fossils can be used to study the history of animals and environments on earth & a dinosaur is a kind of extinct animal -> fossils can be used to study the history of dinosaurs and environments on earth", " " ]

[ "an animal is a kind of organism & a horse is a kind of animal -> a horse is a kind of organism", " a horse is a kind of organism & if fossils of an organism change depending on the level in which they were found then that species of organism changed over time -> if fossils of horses change depending on the level in which they were found, then the horses has changed over time", " the fossils of horse has shorter bones in lower levels and the fossils of horse has longer bones in the upper level & younger layer of rocks are on top of the older layer of rocks according to superposition -> the younger fossils of horse has longer bones than the older fossils of horse", " if fossils of horses change depending on the level in which they were found, then the horses has changed over time & the younger fossils of horse has longer bones than the older fossils of horse -> horse species have changed from smaller to larger over time", " " ]

[ "a bird is a kind of animal & an animal is a kind of organism -> a bird is a kind of organism", " a bird is a kind of organism & if a fossil is of an organism that cannot be identified then that organism is probably extinct -> if a fossil of a bird cannot be identified then that kind of bird is probably extinct", " " ]

[ "an elephant is a kind of animal species & if the fossils of a species are different from the existing species, then the species has changed over time & the fossil of the elephant in african savanna is different from the elephant species presently in that area -> the elephant in african savanna has changed over time", " " ]

[ "a mineral is a kind of solid natural material & a mineral usually has a crystal structure -> a mineral is a solid natural material with a crystal structure", " " ]

[ "rock is made of minerals & a mineral is a kind of solid natural material -> a mineral is a solid natural material that makes up rocks", " " ]

[ "a diamond is made of face-centered cubic crystals & a mineral usually has a crystal structure -> diamond is a kind of mineral", " " ]

[ "a mineral usually has a crystal structure & a quartz is made of six-sided transparent crystals -> quartz is a kind of mineral", " " ]

[ "minerals are formed by magma cooling & a volcano is a source of magma / lava -> minerals are formed by magma from a volcano cooling", " " ]

[ "halite is formed by a body of salt water evaporating & seawater is a kind of salt water & halite is a kind of mineral -> the mineral halite is formed by a body of seawater evaporating", " " ]

[ "the formation of diamonds requires intense pressure & the pressure is intense deep below earth 's crust -> the formation of diamonds occurs deep below the crust of the earth", " " ]

[ "hardness is a property of a material / an object and includes ordered values of malleable / rigid & a mineral is a kind of solid / natural material -> hardness is a property of minerals", " hardness is a property of minerals & the properties of something can be used to identify that something -> hardness can be used to identify minerals", " " ]

[ "if an object is made of a material then that object has the properties of that material & a rock is a kind of object & rock is made of minerals -> rocks will have the properties of the minerals that make up the rocks", " the property of something is the same for the things of same kind & color is a property of a material -> the color property of the same material will be the same", " the color property of the same material will be the same & a mineral is a kind of solid / natural material -> the color property of the same minerals will be the same for the things of same kind", " rocks will have the properties of the minerals that make up the rocks & the color property of the same minerals will be the same for the things of same kind -> rocks will have the same color property as the minerals that make up the rocks", " " ]

[ "an example of breaking something down is scratching something & a material that is soft can be broken down by a material that is hard -> a material that is soft can be scratched by a material that is hard", " a material that is soft can be scratched by a material that is hard & a mineral is a kind of material -> if one mineral can scratch another mineral then that other mineral is softer than that one mineral", " if one mineral can scratch another mineral then that other mineral is softer than that one mineral & hardness is a measure of a mineral 's ability to resist scratching -> measuring the hardness of minerals requires scratching those materials", " " ]

[ "quartz scratches glass easily & a quartz is made of six-sided transparent crystals & quartz is a kind of mineral -> quartz is the mineral that has six-sided transparent crystals and can scratch glass easily", " " ]

[ "a mineral can be scratched by a fingernail & if a mineral can be scratched by a fingernail then that mineral is soft -> a mineral is soft", " a mineral is soft & a mineral has a nonmetallic luster & if a mineral is black in color -> that mineral is black, has a nonmetallic luster, and is soft", " mica has a nonmetallic luster & mica is a kind of mineral & mica is black in color & mica is soft -> mica is a mineral that is black, has a nonmetallic luster, and is soft", " that mineral is black, has a nonmetallic luster, and is soft & mica is a mineral that is black, has a nonmetallic luster, and is soft -> that mineral is mica", " " ]

[ "different materials usually have different properties & a mineral is a kind of material -> different minerals usually have different properties", " different minerals usually have different properties & samples of a single type of mineral usually have the same properties -> different minerals usually have different properties and samples of a single type of mineral usually have the same properties", " different minerals usually have different properties and samples of a single type of mineral usually have the same properties & the properties of something can be used to identify / used to describe that something -> the properties of a mineral can be used to identify those minerals", " " ]

[ "aluminum is a kind of metal & iron is a kind of metal -> iron and aluminum are kinds of metal", " iron and aluminum are kinds of metal & rocks often contain large amounts of metal -> rocks may contain large amounts of iron and aluminum", " " ]

[ "limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock & marble is a kind of metamorphic rock -> limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock and marble is a kind of metamorphic rock", " sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition / cementation & metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure -> sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition / cementation and metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure", " limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock and marble is a kind of metamorphic rock & sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition / cementation and metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure -> limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock that is formed by deposition / cementation and marble is a kind of metamorphic rock that is formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure", " limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock that is formed by deposition / cementation and marble is a kind of metamorphic rock that is formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure & class is a property of a rock and includes values of sedimentary / metamorphic / igneous -> limestone and marble are different classes of rock and are formed by different methods", " limestone and marble are different classes of rock and are formed by different methods & class is a measure of how a rock is formed -> different classes of rocks are formed by different methods", " " ]

[ "granite contains mica & granite contains feldspar & granite contains quartz -> granite is made of quartz, feldspar, and mica", " feldspar is a kind of mineral & mica is a kind of mineral & quartz is a kind of mineral -> quartz, feldspar, and mica are minerals", " granite is made of quartz, feldspar, and mica & quartz, feldspar, and mica are minerals -> granite is made of minerals", " granite is made of minerals & granite is a kind of rock -> rock is made of minerals", " " ]

[ "different classes of rocks are formed by different methods & class is a measure of how a rock is formed -> the method by which a rock is formed can be used to classify rocks", " the method by which a rock is formed can be used to classify rocks & the origin of a rock means the method by which a rock is formed -> the origin of rocks can be used to classify rocks", " " ]

[ "the radioactive isotope content of a rock means the amount of elemental isotopes of the parent isotopes & calculating the age of rocks requires investigating the original amount of the elemental isotopes of the parent isotopes -> calculating the age of rocks requires investigating the radioactive isotope content of that rock", " calculating the age of rocks requires investigating the radioactive isotope content of that rock & radiometric dating is a kind of method to determine the absolute age of the rock -> radiometric dating requires the radioactive isotope content of a rock", " radiometric dating requires the radioactive isotope content of a rock & radiometric dating is used to identify / determine the absolute age of the rock -> the radioactive isotope content of a rock can be used to identify the absolute age of the rock", " the radioactive isotope content of a rock can be used to identify the absolute age of the rock & the absolute age of a rock is the amount of time passed since a rock was formed -> the radioactive isotope content of a rock can be used to identify the amount of time passed since a rock was formed", " " ]

[ "the surface of the earth is made of 70% ocean & most means over 50% of something -> most of earth's surface is made of oceans", " most of earth's surface is made of oceans & the hydrosphere is a thin layer of water covering the earth 's surface -> most of the hydroshpere is made of oceans", " most of the hydroshpere is made of oceans & the formation of organic rocks is usually found in the ocean -> most of the formation of organic rocks in the hydroshpere occurs in the oceans", " " ]

[ "if granite is broken down into sediment & the sediment from the granite is buried and compacted -> granite is broken down into sediment that is buried and compacted", " the formation of sedimentary rock is a sequential process, with stages of weathering, erosion, deposition,burying, compaction & if something is a stage in a process then that something is required for that process -> forming sedimentary rock requires burying", " forming sedimentary rock requires burying & in the formation of sedimentary rock , burying the sediments follows depositing the sediments -> forming sedimentary rock requires burying sediments", " forming sedimentary rock requires burying sediments & sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment / materials that settle compacting / cementing together -> sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment being buried and compacted", " sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment being buried and compacted & formation in the rock cycle means an old class of rocks changes into a new class of rocks -> in the rock cycle, new rocks can be formed by sediment being buried and compacted", " granite is broken down into sediment that is buried and compacted & in the rock cycle, new rocks can be formed by sediment being buried and compacted -> the granite will become a new rock", " " ]

[ "metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure & magma is extremely high in temperature -> heat from magma can change a rock into metamorphic rock", " heat from magma can change a rock into metamorphic rock & sedimentary rock is a kind of rock -> heat from magma can change sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock", " " ]

[ "nearly all fossils are found in sedimentary rock & if something is found in something else then that something else contains that something -> sedimentary rocks can contain fossils", " sedimentary rocks can contain fossils & metamorphic rocks do not contain fossils -> sedimentary rocks can contain fossils and metamorphic rocks do not contain fossils", " sedimentary is a class of rock & metamorphic is a class of rock -> sedimentary and metamorphic are classes of rock", " sedimentary and metamorphic are classes of rock & formation in the rock cycle means an old class of rocks changes into a new class of rocks -> formation in the rock cycle can mean sedimentary rock changes into metamorphic rock", " sedimentary rocks can contain fossils and metamorphic rocks do not contain fossils & formation in the rock cycle can mean sedimentary rock changes into metamorphic rock -> in the rock cycle, sedimentary rocks that contain fossils can be changed into metamorphic rocks that do not contain fossils", " in the rock cycle, sedimentary rocks that contain fossils can be changed into metamorphic rocks that do not contain fossils & if something that contains a thing is changed into something else that doesn't contain that thing, then that thing is lost / destroyed when that something changes into that something else -> fossils are lost / destroyed when sedimentary rock changes to metamorphic rock", " fossils are lost / destroyed when sedimentary rock changes to metamorphic rock & if fossils are destroyed in rock transition , then there will be gaps in the fossil record -> sedimentary rock changing to metamorphic rock causes gaps in the fossil record", " " ]

[ "heat is a kind of energy & exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes igneous rock into metamorphic rock -> exposure to heat energy can change igneous rock into metamorphic rock", " exposure to heat energy can change igneous rock into metamorphic rock & change is a kind of process -> heat energy is in the process of changing igneous rock to metamorphic rock", " " ]

[ "igneous rocks are formed by lava cooling & pumice is formed when lava cools -> pumice is a kind of igneous rock", " " ]

[ "igneous rocks / minerals are formed by magma / lava cooling / crystallizing & pumice is a kind of igneous rock -> pumice is formed by lava cooling", " if something is formed by a material changing then that something is formed from that material & lava is a kind of material -> if something is formed by lava changing then that something is formed from lava", " if something is formed by lava changing then that something is formed from lava & cooling is a kind of change -> if something is formed by lava cooling then that something is formed from lava", " pumice is formed by lava cooling & if something is formed by lava cooling then that something is formed from lava -> pumice is formed from lava", " a volcano is a source of magma / lava & usually something can be found near a source in greater concentrations -> usually lava can be found near a volcano", " usually lava can be found near a volcano & if something usually happens then that something is likely to happen -> lava can likely be found near a volcano", " pumice is formed from lava & lava can likely be found near a volcano -> pumice is likely formed near a volcano", " " ]

[ "a class of something means a type of something & classifying is when one sorts something by kind / type -> classifying is when one sorts something by class", " classifying is when one sorts something by class & class is a measure of how a rock is formed -> rocks can be classified based on how they were formed", " rocks can be classified based on how they were formed & igneous rocks are formed by magma cooling / crystallizing -> a rock can be classified as igneous if it was formed from magma", " " ]

[ "as the rate of rocks cooling decreases , the crystal size of the rock will increase & rate is a kind of measurement of speed -> as the speed of rocks cooling decreases, the crystal size of the rock will increase", " as the speed of rocks cooling decreases, the crystal size of the rock will increase & to slow / to slow down decreases speed -> a rock cooling slowly causes the crystal size of the rock to increase", " a rock cooling slowly causes the crystal size of the rock to increase & if something causes something else then that something affects that something else -> a rock cooling slowly affects the crystal size of the rock", " a rock cooling slowly affects the crystal size of the rock & if something affects something else then that something else indicates whether that something happened -> the crystal size of a rock indicates whether the rock cooled slowly", " the crystal size of a rock indicates whether the rock cooled slowly & crystal size is a property of rocks and includes values of small / large -> crystal size is a property of a rock that indicates whether a rock cooled slowly", " " ]

[ "exposure to pressure is a kind of condition & exposure to heat is a kind of condition -> exposure to heat and pressure are kinds of conditions", " exposure to heat and pressure are kinds of conditions & if something is formed by certain conditions then that something will likely be formed in an area with those conditions -> if something is formed by being exposed to heat and pressure then that something will likely be formed in an area with heat and pressure", " great can mean high in value & extreme means very high in value -> extreme can mean great", " extreme can mean great & metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure -> metamorphic rocks are formed by being exposed to great heat and pressure", " if something is formed by being exposed to heat and pressure then that something will likely be formed in an area with heat and pressure & metamorphic rocks are formed by being exposed to great heat and pressure -> metamorphic rock will likely be formed in an area with great heat and pressure", " great can mean high in value0 & underground means buried deep below other rocks -> as rocks are buried deeper underground, the pressure / heat on that rock will increase", " as rocks are buried deeper underground, the pressure / heat on that rock will increase & deep means great in depth -> if a rock is buried deep underground then the pressure / heat on that rock will be great", " metamorphic rock will likely be formed in an area with great heat and pressure & if a rock is buried deep underground then the pressure / heat on that rock will be great -> metamorphic rock is likely to be formed in an area deep underground", " metamorphic rock is likely to be formed in an area deep underground & a site is a kind of area -> metamorphic rock is likely to be formed in a site deep underground", " " ]

[ "exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock & if something changes into something else then that something else is formed from that something -> metamorphic rock is formed from sedimentary rock", " metamorphic rock is formed from sedimentary rock & the formation of metamorphic rock is a sequential process, with stages of rock being compacted, heated, recrystallized -> metamorphic rock is formed from sedimentary rock being compacted, heated, and recrystallized", " metamorphic rock is formed from sedimentary rock being compacted, heated, and recrystallized & limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock -> metamorphic rock is formed from limestone being compacted, heated, and recrystallized", " metamorphic rock is formed from limestone being compacted, heated, and recrystallized & marble is a kind of metamorphic rock -> marble is formed from limestone being compacted, heated, and recrystallized", " " ]

[ "sedimentary rock is a kind of rock & metamorphic rocks are formed by rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure -> metamorphic rocks can be formed by sedimentary rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure", " metamorphic rocks can be formed by sedimentary rocks being exposed to extreme heat and pressure & to be exposed to something means to be subjected to something -> metamorphic rocks can be formed by sedimentary rocks being subjected to extreme heat and pressure", " metamorphic rocks can be formed by sedimentary rocks being subjected to extreme heat and pressure & limestone is a kind of sedimentary rock -> metamorphic rocks can be formed by limestone being subjected to extreme heat and pressure", " metamorphic rocks can be formed by limestone being subjected to extreme heat and pressure & marble is a kind of metamorphic rock -> marble can be formed by limestone being subjected to extreme heat and pressure", " " ]

[ "the continental crust mainly is made of granite & the continental crust mainly is made of granite1 -> the continental crust is mainly made of igneous rock", " basalt is a kind of igneous rock & the oceanic crust mainly is made of basalt -> the oceanic crust is mainly made of igneous rock", " the continental crust is mainly made of igneous rock & the oceanic crust is mainly made of igneous rock -> continental and oceanic crust are mainly made of igneous rock", " the continental crust mainly is made of granite0 & continental crust is a kind of crust -> continental and oceanic crust are kinds of crust", " the crust is made of different kinds of crust & the crust is a layer of the earth -> the earth's crust is made of different kinds of crust", " continental and oceanic crust are kinds of crust & the earth's crust is made of different kinds of crust -> the earth's crust is made of continental and oceanic crust", " continental and oceanic crust are mainly made of igneous rock & the earth's crust is made of continental and oceanic crust -> the earth's crust is mainly made of igneous rock", " the earth's crust is mainly made of igneous rock & rock is a kind of material -> the material of earth's crust is mainly igneous rock", " the material of earth's crust is mainly igneous rock & exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes igneous rock into metamorphic rock -> exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes the material of earth's crust into metamorphic rock", " exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes the material of earth's crust into metamorphic rock & the continental crust mainly is made of granite2 -> the continental crust is mainly made of igneous rock0: exposure to intense heat and pressure changes the material of earth's crust into metamorphic rock", " the continental crust is mainly made of igneous rock0 & two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in earth's crust -> two tectonic plates pushing toward each other changes the earth's crust material into metamorphic rock", " " ]

[ "products are formed / are produced / are created & sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition / cementation -> sedimentary rocks are produced by deposition and cementation", " sedimentary rocks are produced by deposition and cementation & sandstone is a kind of sedimentary rock -> sandstone is produced by deposition and cementation", " " ]

[ "weathering is a kind of erosion & erosion causes deposition -> weathering causes deposition", " weathering causes deposition & the formation of sedimentary rock is a sequential process, with stages of weathering, erosion, deposition,burying, compaction -> a stage in the formation of sedimentary rock is rock being weathered and then deposited", " weathering is a kind of geologic process & deposition is a kind of natural process -> weathering and deposition are kinds of processes", " a stage in the formation of sedimentary rock is rock being weathered and then deposited & weathering and deposition are kinds of processes -> a process in the formation of sedimentary rock is rock being weathered and then deposited", " a process in the formation of sedimentary rock is rock being weathered and then deposited & weathering / mechanical weathering means breaking down rocks / surface materials from a larger whole into smaller pieces by weather / mechanical means -> a process in the formation of sedimentary rock is rock being broken down and then deposited", " sedimentary rocks are formed in layers & sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition -> sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers", " a process in the formation of sedimentary rock is rock being broken down and then deposited & sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers -> a process in the formation of sedimentary rock is rock being broken down and then deposited in layers", " " ]

[ "extreme heat and pressure compact sediments into sedimentary rocks & sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment compacting together -> pressure compacting sediments causes sedimentary rock to form", " pressure compacting sediments causes sedimentary rock to form & to compact means to squeeze together -> pressure squeezing sediments together causes sedimentary rock to form", " pressure squeezing sediments together causes sedimentary rock to form & if something causes something else then that something else is a result of that something -> the formation of sedimentary rock is a result of pressure squeezing sediments together", " the formation of sedimentary rock is a result of pressure squeezing sediments together & sedimentary rock is a kind of rock -> the formation of a kind of rock is a result of pressure squeezing sediments together", " the formation of a kind of rock is a result of pressure squeezing sediments together & formation in the rock cycle means an old class of rocks changes into a new class of rocks -> the formation of a new rock is a result of pressure squeezing sediments together", " " ]

[ "compaction is a kind of process & cementation is a kind of process -> compaction and cememtation are kinds of processes", " compaction and cememtation are kinds of processes & sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment compacting / cementing together -> sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment going through the processes of compaction and cementation", " " ]

[ "if something is a stage in a process then that something is required for that process & the formation of metamorphic rock is a sequential process, with stages of rock being compacted, heated, recrystallized -> recrystallization is required for the process of the formation of metamorphic rock", " recrystallization is a kind of event & if an event is required for a process then that event must occur before that process can occur -> if recrystallization is required for a process then recrystalization must occur before that process can occur", " recrystallization is required for the process of the formation of metamorphic rock & if recrystallization is required for a process then recrystalization must occur before that process can occur -> recrystallization must occur for the formation of metamorphic rock to occur", " if something changes to something else then that something else is formed from that something & exposure to extreme heat and pressure changes / metamorphoses sedimentary / igneous rock into metamorphic rock -> metamorphic rock is formed from sedimentary rock", " metamorphic rock is formed from sedimentary rock & sedimentary rock is made of sediment -> metamorphic rock is formed from sediment", " recrystallization must occur for the formation of metamorphic rock to occur & metamorphic rock is formed from sediment -> recrystallization must occur for sediments to form metamorphic rock", " recrystallization must occur for sediments to form metamorphic rock & formation in the rock cycle means an old class of rocks changes into a new class of rocks -> recrystallization must occur for sediments to form a new rock", " " ]

[ "if something is formed from something else then that something else becomes that something & sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment compacting together -> sediment becomes sedimentary rock by sediments compacting together", " sediment becomes sedimentary rock by sediments compacting together & sedimentary rock is a kind of rock -> sediment becomes a kind of rock by sediments compacting together", " " ]

[ "to compact something means to compress something & sedimentary rocks are formed by sediment compacting together -> sedimentary rocks are formed by sediments being compressed together", " sedimentary rocks are formed by sediments being compressed together & sediment is a kind of small particle -> sedimentary rocks are formed by small particles being compressed together", " sedimentary rocks are formed by small particles being compressed together & sedimentary rocks are formed in layers -> sedimentary rocks are formed by small particles being compressed together in layers", " " ]

[ "a collision is a kind of convergence & the collision of tectonic plates changes the order of the rock layers by compressing rock layers into faults and folds -> the convergence of tectonic plates changes the order of rock layers by compressing rock layers into faults and folds", " if an event changes something then that event causes that change & the convergence of tectonic plates is a kind of event -> if the convergence of tectonic plants changes something then it causes that change", " the convergence of tectonic plates changes the order of rock layers by compressing rock layers into faults and folds & if the convergence of tectonic plants changes something then it causes that change -> the convergence of tectonic plates causes the order of rock layers to change by compressing rock layers into faults and folds", " sedimentary rock is a kind of rock & sedimentary rocks are formed in layers -> sedimentary rock is a kind of rock with layers", " the convergence of tectonic plates causes the order of rock layers to change by compressing rock layers into faults and folds & sedimentary rock is a kind of rock with layers -> the convergence of tectonic plates causes the order of layers in sedimentary rock to change by compressing the layers into faults and folds", " the convergence of tectonic plates causes the order of layers in sedimentary rock to change by compressing the layers into faults and folds & a fold is observed in layers of sedimentary rock -> the fold observed in layers of sedimentary rock is caused by the covergence of tectonic plates", " the fold observed in layers of sedimentary rock is caused by the covergence of tectonic plates & a crustal plate means a tectonic plate -> the fold observed in layers of sedimentary rock is caused by the covergence of crustal plates", " the fold observed in layers of sedimentary rock is caused by the covergence of crustal plates & if something is caused by something else then that something resulted from that something else -> the fold observed in layers of sedimentary rock resulted from the covergence of crustal plates", " " ]

[ "the formation of something is a kind of process & if a process follows another process, then the other process begins that process -> if the formation of something follows another process, then the other process begins the formation of that something", " weathering is a kind of geologic process & erosion is a kind of process -> weathering and erosion are kinds of processes", " if the formation of something follows another process, then the other process begins the formation of that something & weathering and erosion are kinds of processes -> if the formation of something follows weathering and erosion, then weathering and erosion begin the formation of that something", " if the formation of something follows weathering and erosion, then weathering and erosion begin the formation of that something & in the rock cycle , formation of sediments follows weathering and erosion -> weathering and erosion begin the formation of sediments", " " ]

[ "weathering is a kind of erosion & sediment is formed by rocks weathering -> sediment is formed by weathering / erosion", " weathering is a kind of geologic process & erosion is a kind of process -> weathering and erosion are kinds of processes", " weathering and erosion are kinds of processes & if something is formed by a process then that something is formed as a result of that process -> if something is formed by weathering and erosion then that something is formed as a result of weathering and erosion", " sediment is formed by weathering / erosion & if something is formed by weathering and erosion then that something is formed as a result of weathering and erosion -> sediment is formed as a result of weathering / erosion", " " ]

[ "if something can be used to determine a property of something else then that something can likely be used to determine that property of a part of that something else & age is a property of rocks -> if something can be used to determine the age of a rock then that something can likely be used to determine the age of a part of a rock", " if something can be used to determine the age of a rock then that something can likely be used to determine the age of a part of a rock & the law of superposition can be used to determine the relative age of the rock -> the law of superposition can be used to determine the relative age of part of a rock", " the law of superposition can be used to determine the relative age of part of a rock & sedimentary rock is a kind of rock -> the law of superposition can be used to determine the relative age of a part of sedimentary rock", " the law of superposition can be used to determine the relative age of a part of sedimentary rock & layers are a part of sedimentary rock -> the law of superposition can be used to determine the age of sedimentary rock layers", " " ]

[ "plastic is a kind of material made by humans & a plastic spoon is made of plastic -> a plastic spoon is made of a material that is made by humans", " natural means grown in nature & made by humans / artificial is the opposite of natural -> if something is made by humans then that something is not grown in nature", " a plastic spoon is made of a material that is made by humans & if something is made by humans then that something is not grown in nature -> a plastic spoon is made of material that is not grown in nature", " " ]

[ "a mine produces minerals & a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something -> a mine is a source of minerals", " a mine is a source of minerals & mining is when humans take rocks and minerals from the ground -> if a mine is a source of something then that something can be mined", " if a mine is a source of something then that something can be mined & a coal mine is a kind of mine -> if a coal mine is a source of something then that something can be mined", " if a coal mine is a source of something then that something can be mined & a coal mine is a source of coal under the ground -> coal can be mined from under the ground", " coal can be mined from under the ground & the ground is part of the earth -> coal can be mined from the earth", " fossil fuel is a kind of fuel & coal is a kind of fossil fuel -> coal is a kind of fuel", " coal is a kind of fuel & fuel is a kind of energy source -> coal is a kind of energy source", " coal can be mined from the earth & coal is a kind of energy source -> coal can be mined from the earth and used as an energy source", " " ]

[ "burning coal is a source of air pollution & using coal requires burning coal -> using coal is a source of air pollution", " using coal is a source of air pollution & pollution has a negative impact on the environment / air quality / water quality / society -> using coal has a negative impact on an ecosystem", " using coal has a negative impact on an ecosystem & a problem has a possible negative impact on a thing -> a problem with using coal is that it has a negative impact on an ecosystem", " a problem with using coal is that it has a negative impact on an ecosystem & damage has a negative impact on a thing -> a problem with using coal is that it damages an ecosystem", " " ]

[ "coal is a kind of fossil fuel & fossil fuels are acquired by mining the lithosphere -> coal is acquired by mining the lithosphere", " coal is acquired by mining the lithosphere & uranium is acquired by mining the lithosphere -> uranium and coal are both acquired by mining the lithosphere", " " ]

[ "once means one time & if an organism is dead then that organism was living at one time -> if an organism is dead then that organism is once-living", " if an organism is dead then that organism is once-living & fossil fuels / fossils are formed from dead organisms over time -> fossil fuels are formed from once-living organisms over time", " to produce something can mean to form something & a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something -> a source of something forms that something", " fossil fuels are formed from once-living organisms over time & a source of something forms that something -> once-living organisms are a source of fossil fuels", " " ]

[ "a fossil fuel is a kind of natural resource & coal is a kind of fossil fuel -> coal is a kind of natural resource", " coal is a kind of natural resource & coal is a nonrenewable resource -> coal is a kind of nonrenewable natural resource", " coal is used to produce electricity by burning in coal-fire power stations & electricity is a kind of electrical energy -> coal is used to produce electrical energy by burning in coal-fire power stations", " coal is used to produce electrical energy by burning in coal-fire power stations & to produce something means to make something -> coal is used to make electrical energy by burning in coal-fire power stations", " coal is a kind of nonrenewable natural resource & coal is used to make electrical energy by burning in coal-fire power stations -> coal is a kind of nonrenewable natural resource that is used to make electrical energy", " " ]

[ "the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight & solar energy is a renewable / inexhaustible resource -> the sun is a renewable resource", " the sun is a renewable resource & coal is a nonrenewable resource -> coal is nonrenewable and the sun is renewable", " " ]

[ "coal is used for generating heat by burning & to generate something means to produce something -> coal is used for producing heat by burning", " burning wood is used to produce heat & a tree contains wood -> burning trees is used to produce heat", " coal is used for producing heat by burning & burning trees is used to produce heat -> coal and trees are both used for producing heat", " " ]

[ "burning fossil fuels is a source of air pollution & coal is a kind of fossil fuel -> burning coal is a source of air pollution", " coal is used for generating heat by burning & coal is used to produce electricity by burning in coal-fire power stations -> using coal usually requires burning coal", " burning coal is a source of air pollution & using coal usually requires burning coal -> using coal causes air polluiton", " " ]

[ "burning converts chemical energy into thermal energy & coal is used for generating heat by burning -> burning coal converts chemical energy to thermal energy", " " ]

[ "renewable is the opposite of nonrenewable & something cannot have two opposite properties -> something cannot be renewable and nonrenewable", " something cannot be renewable and nonrenewable & fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource -> fossil fuels cannot be renewable", " renewable is a property of resources & if something cannot have a certain property then something else with that property is not that something -> if one resource cannot be renewable then another resource that is renweable is not that one resource", " fossil fuels cannot be renewable & if one resource cannot be renewable then another resource that is renweable is not that one resource -> if something is renewable then that something is not a fossil fuel", " if something is renewable then that something is not a fossil fuel & wood is a renewable resource -> wood is not a fossil fuel", " " ]