INSTRUCTION
stringlengths
12
466
RESPONSE
stringlengths
3
431
SOURCE
stringclasses
1 value
METADATA
stringlengths
44
71
i bought a new router and i had to clone my PC's MAC address to get the WAN working. the only MAC address i registered with my ISP is my Cable Modem so why does it need my PC's MAC? doesn't make sense to me, just wondering.
sorry that was for you
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "sanduz2", "user_answer": "ikonia"}
How can I backup my data online in Ubuntu?
ubuntuone, or dropbox works great!
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "oliver_", "user_answer": "^peanut^"}
Hi anyone knows what video and audio formats that Ubuntu supports?
all basically :)
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "raywang", "user_answer": "ActionParsnip"}
how do i install the bzlib header files
apt-get install libbz2-dev
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "nishttal2", "user_answer": "dajhorn"}
do you guys now any good tool for convertng microsoft word doc files to txt or html ?
openoffice, of small: antiword
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "dagon666", "user_answer": "VCoolio"}
anyone know if Zio SM card reader will work under Lucid 10.04 LTS???
is is USB 2.0 compliant/. if so, the yse the car reader will work.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "nm5tf", "user_answer": "KE1HA"}
Hi, I want to check if a set of variables are SET in a shell script, but I am getting syntax errors. Can someone please tell me what's the problem with following code . http://paste.ubuntu.com/558986/ . Help is much appreciated.
outermost delimiters in if-statement should be '(' ')'.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "opc_0de", "user_answer": "sipior"}
whats the command to do a CHECKDISK on ubuntu?
fsck
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Cube``", "user_answer": "nirn_"}
is there a way i can tast fstab config with out restart my computer
mount -a
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "ResQue", "user_answer": "ikonia"}
is gimp 2.8 in the ubuntu repos?
not for 12.04 no, quantal (ubuntu 12.10 will have it), but there's a PPA if you want it on precise
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "ResQue", "user_answer": "glitsj16"}
How can i open a folder in the GUI (gnome) from the bash shell
nautilus /path/to/file/
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "ResQue", "user_answer": "edbian"}
is there a FUSE filesystem I can use to create a union of two directories? ideally I could do this in the same directory (but I had a memory that just doesn't work) ie, ${HOME}/Music merge 'in place' with /media/remote/Music or something
ln -s?
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Ademan", "user_answer": "Underbyte"}
i need to know whats the different with ubuntu 32bit and 64bit. I got AMD turion 64x2 in my laptop. Why in the ubuntu download page 64bit in not recommended for daily desktop usage?
personally i think the 'not recommended' on the web site is a bug - and look it's already filed as one ;) https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-website-content/+bug/585940
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "skumara", "user_answer": "ZykoticK9"}
can someone help me with Gedit ? anyone hwo use gEdit for coding ?
shift+tab
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Stameni", "user_answer": "blendmaster1024_"}
hello, i downloaded Age Of Empires 2 and and i tried to execute SETUP.EXE but wine tells me it is not marked as executable, how do i mark it as executable ?
use terminal an cd to the dir, then : chmod +x <filename>
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Stameni", "user_answer": "OerHeks"}
hello guys any news for Broadcom Corporation Device [14e4:4357] (rev 01) i ve got an hp2137 sl and aircrack (used for testing my wireless security)doesn' work with this card , when open driver will be avaible?(hope it isn't wrong talk about this but as i sad before itìs for legal testing)
best to get a pcmcia card that will work with you program, or replace the internet minipci card with one that will work
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "boomcha", "user_answer": "gethoht"}
hello. quick launchpad question. i should use 'Blueprints' for filing feature requests right?
right
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "figure002", "user_answer": "Sary"}
anyone know *anything* about how restricted kernel modules work in 10.04?
They work just like any other module. They're restricted simply because they're proprietary. It's just a name, not really a description of the module.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "kmudrick", "user_answer": "edbian"}
how does this work? http://www.getdeb.net/app/Monosim what is apturl?
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptURL 'in forefox address bar type this apt:packagename
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "BadElvis", "user_answer": "philinux"}
hello al, pls does it work ? i am testing apache
seems to be working
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "black_ru", "user_answer": "pfifo"}
seriously? none of the people i helped out today want to bother spending 10 seconds checking if their window buttons highlight on mouse hover for me? i'd get annoyed if i wasn't so handsome and witty and charming and so on
mine don't do anything but i'm on 10.04
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Will123456", "user_answer": "extraclassic"}
I have far too many kernels listed in my boot screen. Is there a safe, reliable way to purge all the last 3 kernel updates?
this will work too - http://www.foogazi.com/2008/07/02/quickzi-how-to-remove-older-kernels-from-ubuntu/
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "bonez2046", "user_answer": "extraclassic"}
What would be the easiest way to get a basic ubuntu install, with no GUI/bloat? I get tired of how slow it gets, so I'd rather add the WM and such myself.
in the minimal install you download everything and it takes forever...works though
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "IanWizard", "user_answer": "extraclassic"}
where could I ask my performance related question on ubuntu-server?
maybe run transmission with idle i/o priority? ionice -c 3 -p `pidof transmission`
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Caer", "user_answer": "thune3"}
how do I express a logical 'and' in regular expression?
apt-cache search chm | grep view
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "crab234", "user_answer": "ActionParsnip"}
Is there a way to make nomodeset in grub persistant across not only reboots, but the have it set automagically when new kernels are made available?
Add it to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX in /etc/default/grub.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "blinki", "user_answer": "Jordan_U"}
hi. I compiled and installed a module. how do I make the system to load that module while booting?
Yep, add the name of the module to the bottom of /etc/modules. :)
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "pepee", "user_answer": "Tahakki"}
can anyone point me in the right direction, i've got a PC running ubuntu 10.04, and I will like to run windows 7 on a virtual machine, how do i go about this?
I recommend you look into using VirtualBox by sun microsystems.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "terBot", "user_answer": "knoppies"}
how do I *stop* x11, leaving a shell?
rather, sudo stop gdm
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Karen_m", "user_answer": "psusi"}
Can anyone help with using https://prepay.snap.net.nz/ on ubuntu?
if you check the 'vista' help you'll see its a pppoe, might want to try that
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Ant_c", "user_answer": "MaRk-I"}
does anyone know if Opera's private browsing function writes anything (cookies, history etc) to the hard drive, then deletes it when you quit the session, or is everything kept in RAM?
You could always use iotop or lsof and test.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Macaroni", "user_answer": "ShinyObjects"}
what is the recommended way of installing and using Ubuntu on a Mac Intel? VM or Bootcamp? If VM, which? Had some trouble with Virtualbox in the past...
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MactelSupportTeam/CommunityHelpPages
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "closedbracket", "user_answer": "jrib"}
does ubuntu server come with apache?
ive noticed that too on certain templates. i typically just stop it
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "aakside", "user_answer": "resno"}
My laptop's touchpad has suddenly stopped working. Is there a terminal command that might get it working again?
Did you reboot already?
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "mousestopped", "user_answer": "vlt"}
does anyone else have issues with flash lagging (youtube for example) after the recent set of updates? This is very annoying and makes baby Jesus cry
use chrome :) keep jenus happy
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "con-man", "user_answer": "trojan_spike"}
one last question: Does the 64 bit version of kubuntu only work on AMD pocessors?
its just called AMD64 because AMD created the architecture first so they named it
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "ooga", "user_answer": "popey"}
hi, how can i install man pages section 2 (system calls)?
sudo apt-get install manpages-dev
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "saidi", "user_answer": "EruditeOgre"}
tell wiesshund: polarity? I live in Sweden - never had to worry about polarity before..? :S
http://www.level8technology.com/HP-530-AC-Adapter-HP-530-Laptop-AC-Adapter-7600?zmam=54821320&zmas=3&zmac=4&zmap=AC-CQ02-7600
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Zolomon", "user_answer": "EruditeOgre"}
I'm new to linux, using 10.04, and trying to get my wireless connection set up at my university. I believe I have the driver for my adapter correctly installed, but when I follow the directions on the uni's 'how to connect to the wireless network with ubuntu), it doesn't connect. I have no idea what I'm missing. Can anyone help me?
try hooking p to ethernet and getting wicd
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "TheSkeward", "user_answer": "Ebuntu"}
I am a debian user thinking of defecting to ubunutu. First though, what version of KDE4 is in kubuntu?
KDE 4.4
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "psych787", "user_answer": "sebsebseb"}
Can anyone recommend a good media player to install, so I can watch the videos I take with my camera?
use vlc its a good media player
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "rosco_y", "user_answer": "Haxor"}
Greetings. Any consice online reference for Grub 1.98 as installed on Ubuntu 10.04 ? I need to do two things. Remove a menu entry and pass options to different OS kernel ( OS X, this is a hackintosh box also. I sort of got the hang of editing raw grub.conf files on Gentoo... but this distro seems to script everything
/etc/default/grub
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Annoyed", "user_answer": "TiK"}
i have internet on my netbook i would like to share it with my pc over network cable is there a simple way to do that?
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Internet/ConnectionSharing
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "om26er", "user_answer": "bkerensa"}
how do I move the unity launcher to a different screen edge?
theres some hacks to move it to the bottom
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "curiousgeorge", "user_answer": "Dr_Willis"}
How do I specify more than one path to search for files using the find command?
find /path1 /path2 -name filename ???
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "subone", "user_answer": "Compiling"}
I'm having a problem with my touchpad (netbook, ubuntu 10.4 netbook remix): it seems that synaptics doesn't like my touchpad: http://ubuntu.pastebin.com/64TE3nta (important part of /var/log/Xorg.0.log)
your touchpad works or not ? The logs seems fine till line 50
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "darkas", "user_answer": "megra"}
Through some strange circumstances, my /etc/apt/sources.list has been wiped. Can anyone tell me the code to type in to get some basic packages from the official repos? I'm running i386, unsure of my version, but I have access to a TTY.
http://ubuntu.pastebin.com/wzM6Gh0Z
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "djanatyn-fonxa", "user_answer": "Petskull"}
I'm trying to chainload GRUB legacy from GRUB 2 with Ubuntu 10.04. The chainload seems to be kicking off legacy fine, but it's not finding its configuration file. The distro channel for legacy said I was chainloading wrong. How should it be done?
why would you need chainloading GRUB while you have GRUB2?
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "MTughan", "user_answer": "wildbat|GER-GOAL"}
How do I install a .deb file?
sudo dpkg -i packagename
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "myrkraverk", "user_answer": "aeon-ltd"}
Hello, how can I edit my boot loader?
/etc/default/grub, afterwards sudo update-grub
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "fl3sh", "user_answer": "DasEi"}
How to minimize evolution to tray but not to close it? (ubuntu 10.04)
Try Alltray
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "swamprat", "user_answer": "IConrad01"}
I wanted to install 64bit Ubuntu on my i7 box, but Ubuntu download page says that it's 'not recommended for daily desktop usage'. Are there any open problems, like Flash or such?
adobe has suspended flash 64bit plugin, they're rewriting it as I understand; for the rest, just use it
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "bbscr", "user_answer": "VCoolio"}
hey guys, do you know of any good tutorial for blender?
http://www.tutorialized.com/tutorial/Beginners-Guide-to-Blender-3d/7095
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "soyalexman", "user_answer": "ActionParsnip"}
anyone want to help? my computer is just totally borked after attempting to update to 12.04
tell me the problem
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "kuranta", "user_answer": "nydel"}
I just installed samba onto a machine running 10.04 desktop (with sudo apt-get install samba), and I can't find /etc/init.d/samba to restart it. Did that script change names or location, or is there some other method of restarting it?
sudo restart smbd
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "nsd", "user_answer": "erUSUL"}
if I do LSMOD how do I decifer what item is concurrent with what hardware?
lspci -k
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "fbxxkl_", "user_answer": "Jordan_U"}
yep, but will that work for the meta package alone?
and if I was questionable on it I ran sudo apt-get autoremove and then say that it would remove the libs that went with it
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Firefishe", "user_answer": "reedsw"}
what is the main differences between the ubuntu and kubuntu?
default desktop, window manager and default apps. The rest is the same
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Ashkot", "user_answer": "ActionParsnip"}
Hi, On a dual boot machin i set up Win7 & Ubuntu Lucid, i have several ntfs partitions (since the machine was only a windows machine), ntfs is fine for those partitions to be read/written with both win7 & ubuntu without conflict ?
10.04 reads my NTFS fine
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Cain", "user_answer": "Virigoth"}
Trying to do a clean install of Lucid. Desktop won't format hard disks, alternate starts to install and gives message: Please insert the disc labeled: 'Ubuntu 10.04 LTS _Lucid Lynx_ - Release i386 (20100427.1)' in the drive '/cdrom/' and press enter' No joy from putting Desktop disk in and hitting enter. Can someone help? This is my office workstation and I've been down two days now.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/debian-installer/+bug/360460
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Jans", "user_answer": "ActionParsnip"}
Hi, will there by official support for nvidia optimus?
RPM packages are for Red Hat and similar systems, not for Debian-derivatives like Ubuntu. You might have some luck using 'alien' but it's not guaranteed.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "duobix", "user_answer": "e_t_"}
how would I find out the dimensions of my desktop (in pixels)?
system>preferences>display
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Royall", "user_answer": "psimyn"}
what is this thing called, when I can select a block of text, then middle click to 'paste' it somewhere else?
Unix style copy-paste :P
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "zGryllida", "user_answer": "Afief"}
what is the package called for Java browser plugin?
icedtea Java plugin
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "nobarking", "user_answer": "JoeMaverickSett"}
hey L3Top, a little update -- I tried putting that new config info into .bash_profile, and .profile, and I thought I'd cracked the case when I found at the end of my .bashrc file a line refining the PATH, but removing that didn't help. So I'm still at the point where I can run ruby if I manually source bash_profile when I open a terminal, and I still can't run rails because it's looking for a wonky path to ruby1.8. What do you
As I recall, .profile and family only load in a login shell, which your standard terminal emulator is not. Stick the lines (whatever they are; I just came in) in .bashrc instead?
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "DoctorMonocular", "user_answer": "Darael"}
ctrl+alt f1 and then i use 'sudo /etc/init.d/gdm stop' though there may be a better way
try to use the person's name whom your response is directed to in your posts so they get alerted and everyone knows who you're talking to...you can use tab to autocomplete if needed :)
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "L33tCh", "user_answer": "slidinghorn"}
How install file :Vuze_Installer.tar.bz2? please
sudo apt-get install vuze
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Iraqi", "user_answer": "wise_cry1t"}
how can play file ' .flv'?? please
sudo apt-get install adobe-flashplugin
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Iraqi", "user_answer": "cordor"}
what browser can i import my history and bookmarks from firefox but is faster than firefox?
you could try chromium. i use the ppa:chromium-daily/ppa repository, and i have had no issues with it so far.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "kermit", "user_answer": "Vexille"}
I'm fairly new to Ubuntu, and having a bit of a time using apt. Is there a way to search repositories? I'm trying to find picasa.
apt-cache search keyword
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "hazard", "user_answer": "sandr1x"}
i began downloading a few packages .. and canceled it ... where would they be found?
sudo apt-get autoremove
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "delinquentme", "user_answer": "Pirolocito"}
in bash ... is there a character that I can use to continue the same command but on a new line?
that is, you escape the new-line with the escape char, which is \
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "delinquentme", "user_answer": "Lunar_Lamp"}
does ubuntu have a native torrent program?
Transmission
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "delinquentme", "user_answer": "ComputerJy"}
hey all i had a quick question with regards to security ... does the # of open ports really contribute to the security of a system? or the lack thereof?
basically you want to not have things you don't need running.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "delinquentme", "user_answer": "SwedeMike"}
newb question: how do I change my login screen?
you need Ubuntu-Tweak and GDM2
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "guayja1", "user_answer": "Gwar"}
question: how can I change my dns servers for a specific wireless network? i tried editing resolv.conf but NetworkManager overwrites them. I can not find an option in NetworkManager to change them.
right click nm-applet in the gnome-panel then edit connections > wireless connections > select one > IPv4 settings, you need to set Method to DHCP only or manual to edit the DNS Servers
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "timemachine3030", "user_answer": "bastidrazor"}
guys how can I click ok in this console window: http://i55.tinypic.com/wralx2.jpg
use tab and the space bar
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "hoare", "user_answer": "bastidrazor"}
blacksh33p: I can use either then yes?
try both out for different things - you'll get a feel for the difference
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "mekos", "user_answer": "yeats"}
hi can anyone tell me how to install libwxgtk on lucid?
sudo apt-get install libwxgt2.8-0 (for version 2.8 obviously)
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Vin73", "user_answer": "nbkr"}
hello, how can I use a .deb file?
try sudo gdebi foo.deb or sudo dpkg -i foo.deb
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Vin73", "user_answer": "nomad77"}
Guys, I have win 7/ubuntu installed dual boot. Upon upgrade to lucid, grub2 will no longer boot my windows partition. Any help?
what happened to your windows
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "phenom", "user_answer": "Guest54446"}
If I have a broken install of Ubuntu that won't boot, will my Windows installation on another sidk be in danger if I just format the Ubunu disk and reinstall Ubuntu on it?
if you just format the ubuntu disk it shouldn't affect your windows installation
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Runar_", "user_answer": "Slart"}
Transmission says Downloaded: 10.1GB (+16.0MB corrupt) why do i have corrupt data ?
When you download from a torrent, sometimes a packet can be corrupted. Transmission filters those out and tries to download them again. Nothing to worry about.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "DJ_HaMsTa", "user_answer": "Zakatharant"}
What's the most common reason for conky not appearing?
- not being installed :P
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "ralnaemi", "user_answer": "p1l0t"}
did someone know how to make two different graphic profile for two different session into ubuntu
you can, with some slight difficulty, making xorg dump a conf file, duplicate that and edit the second one for the second session and whenever needed either hack up a script to start the second session of xorg in that fashion or switch by closing xorg with script and making it start on an alternate profile
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "sabri", "user_answer": "psycho_oreos"}
a portscan shows my port 443 is open, how/where can i see what application is using it? (ubuntu 10.04 LTS)
sudo nmap -sS should show what service is running on it
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "falafell1", "user_answer": "bastid_raZor"}
Hello people. Where can I post a picture for you to see, in order to sow you my Avidemux problem?
I already told you, http://www.imgur.com
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Dittersdorf", "user_answer": "traskmind"}
HI. how can I kill a process without using his Pid?
killall <prosess name>
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Dittersdorf", "user_answer": "shcherbak"}
how can I restore the Volume option on the panel?
it's part of indicator applet
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "ofixcomp", "user_answer": "durt"}
hello, can some one give me a hand with 12.04 and usb 3.0. I can see the hub on lsusb but when i plug in a usb 3.0 hard disk it does not detect and mount.
does not detect or does not mount?
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "JuggaloXX", "user_answer": "escott"}
Guys, how to ignore people by nick in XChat?
the users settings? should be int heir home dir somewhere. the 'ubuntu tweak' tool has some features to reset various gnome settings with a nice gui. Otherwize you find the proper files/gconf settings and reset those.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Okitain", "user_answer": "Dr_Willis"}
Hello all, I was wondering if anyone can recommend a good backup utility so that I may backup my system automatically on a schedule to an external HD. Something along the lines of ghosting utilities or time capsule would be great!
I think there's something like 'time vault' which ressemble time capsule...
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "mleger", "user_answer": "ve2dmn"}
> just a thought, have you tried booting to the cd and running it as a live cd, then running gparted? the os itself should see the drive, so gparted should see it as well by that logic
gparted does, in fact, see it. The problem is the installer isn't seeing it to auto-partition it for the swap space and all that jazz that I don't know how to do, nor do I know what size to make it.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "kesroesweyth", "user_answer": "jteknet"}
hm, is there a way to take a screenshot with a timer?
yes, apps->accessorioes->screenshot tool
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "bergLNX", "user_answer": "imi"}
is it possible to install lamp 10.10 into 10.10 desktop?
Of course.
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "leftist", "user_answer": "p_res"}
can i get help installing a lamp server?
tasksel
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "FooBarBeer", "user_answer": "ZykoticK9"}
is there a way to fix the boot menu throught the ubuntu 10.04 cd?
http://grub.enbug.org/Grub2LiveCdInstallGuide
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Ghostly", "user_answer": "Jordan_U"}
anyway to grep out all reboots / shutdowns from logs ?
last -x | grep init
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "jellow", "user_answer": "r007"}
does installing the ssh package include sshd? Where should this daemon be?
install openssh-server
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "Penguin_Pete", "user_answer": "guntbert"}
does anyone know how to start ubuntu lucid in failsafe mode?
if grub iseent showing a menu. you hold the shift (or was it esc) key and it should show it.. or edit the grub /etc/default/grub file to make it always show a menu
ubuntu-dialogue
{"user_question": "solkig", "user_answer": "Dr_Willis"}