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32,785,066 | I'm trying to read some French character from the file but some symbols comes if letter contains à é è.
Can anyone guide me how to get actual character of the file.
Here is my main method
```
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
{
char current,org;
//String strPath = "C:/Documents and Settings/tidh/Desktop/BB/hhItem01_2.txt";
String strPath = "C:/Documents and Settings/tidh/Desktop/hhItem01_1.txt";
InputStream fis;
fis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(strPath));
while (fis.available() > 0) {
current= (char) fis.read(); // to read character
// from file
int ascii = (int) current; // to get ascii for the
// character
org = (char) (ascii);
System.out.println(org);
}
``` | 2015/09/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/32785066",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4485283/"
] | You can download one jar file for Apache Commons IO and try to implement it by reading each line rather than reading char by char.
```
List<String> lines = IOUtils.readLines(fis, "UTF8");
for (String line: lines) {
dbhelper.addDataRecord(line + ",'" + strCompCode + "'");
}
``` | The following assumes the text is in Windows Latin-1, but I have added alternatively UTF-8.
```
private static final String FILE_PATH = "c:\\temp\\test.txt";
Path path = Paths.get(FILE_PATH);
//Charset charset = StandardCharset.ISO_8859_1;
//Charset charset = StandardCharset.UTF_8;
Charset charset = Charset.forName("Windows-1252");
try (BufferedReader in = Files.newBufferedReader(path, charset)) {
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
}
```
The String `line` will contain the text in Unicode. It now depends whether System.out can represent that Unicode in your system encoding, using a conversion from Unicode.
```
System.out.println("My encoding is: " + System.getProperty("file.encoding"));
```
However if you picked the correct encoding, at most one `?` per special char. If you seem more per special char, use UTF-8 - a multi-byte encoding.
Pick a Unicode capable font too for the console.
A check for the having got `é` is:
```
String e = "\u00e9";
String s = new String(Files.readAllBytes(path), charset);
System.out.println("Contains e´ : " + s.contains(e));
```
---
***After comment:***
Better use Files.newBufferedReader *(which I corrected above)* as that can do the following.
```
try (BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(
new FileInputStream(file), charset))) {
```
This buffers for faster reading, and the InputStreamReader uses a binary data InputStream plus an charset to convert it to (Unicode) of a Reader. |
32,785,066 | I'm trying to read some French character from the file but some symbols comes if letter contains à é è.
Can anyone guide me how to get actual character of the file.
Here is my main method
```
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
{
char current,org;
//String strPath = "C:/Documents and Settings/tidh/Desktop/BB/hhItem01_2.txt";
String strPath = "C:/Documents and Settings/tidh/Desktop/hhItem01_1.txt";
InputStream fis;
fis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(strPath));
while (fis.available() > 0) {
current= (char) fis.read(); // to read character
// from file
int ascii = (int) current; // to get ascii for the
// character
org = (char) (ascii);
System.out.println(org);
}
``` | 2015/09/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/32785066",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4485283/"
] | You can download one jar file for Apache Commons IO and try to implement it by reading each line rather than reading char by char.
```
List<String> lines = IOUtils.readLines(fis, "UTF8");
for (String line: lines) {
dbhelper.addDataRecord(line + ",'" + strCompCode + "'");
}
``` | the specific encoding for french give by IBM is CP1252 (preferred because run on all operating system).
Regards,
A frenchy guy |
14,639,130 | My JSON data is like
```
{
"Brand":["EM-03","TORRES"],
"Price":["5.00000","10.00000","15.00000"],
"Country":["US","SG"]
}
```
I want to loop that JSON data to get
```
Brand =
EM-03 -
TORRES
Price =
5.00000 -
10.00000 -
15.00000
Country = US - SG
``` | 2013/02/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/14639130",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1474420/"
] | With [`$.each`](http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.each/)
```
$.each(data, function(key, value){
console.log(value);
});
``` | Try this
```
$.each(data, function(key, value){
console.log(value.join('-'));
});
``` |
358,755 | **I'm pretty sure this happens to someone out there now and then:**
You've read a question, done the work with writing a pretty decent answer, at least you think you have, then you find some detail in the question, either edited in at a later time or maybe not clearly defined in the title or pointed out in the context in the first place, that makes your answer either get down-voted because it isn't the most accurate or relevant answer or just kinda misplaced because it answers what you *thought* was asked, but then again, meh...
So, it isn't directly wrong, but neither a good answer for the question when you realize that you misread the whole thing. Could be that something got lost in internal translation (like inside your head, for non-native English speaking folks) or just poorly written. Could be you rushed for a bounty, at 4 a.m after a couple of beers, whatever.
What is the best approach in such cases?
Should I (or could I) delete my answer? What are the rules for if / when I can delete an answer?
Come to think of it, I really don't know the rules for if / when I can delete my own questions either... Is this written somewhere?
Does deleting an answer impact anything other than what it sounds like, e.g. the answer is Poof! gone or does it cause any other reactions / rep changes?
Is it considered bad practice to do so, if at all possible? | 2020/12/26 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/358755",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/201397/"
] | It can respond to another answer, but you still need to give at least a partial answer to the question.
Thus, answering like this is okay:
>
> My experience about @X's answer (link) is negative, although I used a newer version of (...). Instead, what I did is (explanation), and now it works.
>
>
>
[(example)](https://stackoverflow.com/a/39034132/1783163)
This answer is not okay, because it is a comment:
>
> @X's answer does not work.
>
>
>
The important thing is that the main focus of the answer should be at least a partial answer to the question on the top.
---
Users starting with
>
> It is not an answer, but...
>
>
>
have typically two options:
1. Yes, it is an (at least partial) answer. These users typically think that giving a step-by-step guide is a requirement; the requirement is that at least a part of the question on the top should be answered. Users can get the supportive comment and editing out the "not an answer" part (superficial future reviewers might flag it for deletion without enough thinking on the details).
2. It is really not an answer. Some personalised advice, particularly in the case of newbies is still helpful, anyways flag as NAA (or for mod comment conversion if it is worthwhile).
---
Who decides: mostly, the reviewers. I would say that about 80% of the cases are obvious (in the VLQ queue). For the border cases, this is why it requires 2k (or 1k on beta) the VLQ queue.
---
Posting answer in comments: I do this if I am not sure or if I would flag my answer as VLQ/NAA. Because comments are second-grade citizens, if I write a bad comment, it will be at most deleted. I think the reason of others is the same.
If you are the OP, and one or more comment has actually the worth of an answer, then you could ask the commenter(s) to do it for an upvote and accept. If they remain inactive, you can summarize them in a self-answer ([example1](https://android.stackexchange.com/a/231985/50837), [example2](https://meta.stackexchange.com/a/296950/259412)). This is not forbidden, although you should mention your source(s) to avoid plagiarism. | There has recently been a discussion on Stack Overflow: [Is an answer that only addresses other answers not an answer?](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/q/403026/13552470)
The consensus of [the most upvoted answer](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/403027/13552470) is:
>
> "Not an Answer" is the wrong flag in any case. "Not an answer" is for things like "I have the same problem, any solution?"
>
>
> If you're casting a moderator flag, the implication is that you want a moderator to take action on this particular answer, rather than leaving it to the community. The only reasonable response that a moderator can take to a "not an answer" flag is to delete the answer.
>
>
> So the question you have to ask yourself is, "does this answer harm the site enough that it must be forcibly removed by a moderator?" I would argue that it doesn't.
>
>
> |
40,059 | I would like to say in German,
>
> I would love to talk sometime.
>
>
>
So far I have this,
>
> Ich würde gerne mal reden.
>
>
>
Is *reden* the right verb here? How would you say it? | 2017/11/05 | [
"https://german.stackexchange.com/questions/40059",
"https://german.stackexchange.com",
"https://german.stackexchange.com/users/21516/"
] | Your translation works.
Another possibility would be
>
> Ich würde mich gerne mal mit dir unterhalten
>
>
>
Which is a way to ask for a conversation some time in the future. The “dir“ is used when talking to a friend or close co-worker while it can be exchanged with “Ihnen“ to suit a more formal setting. | Although the given answer is correct, I would like to distinguish cases more:
>
> Ich würde gerne mal reden.
>
>
>
This sounds like you would like to talk, no matter with who, when, or what. You could be very shy and desire to step up and talk sometimes.
>
> Ich würde gerne (mal) mit dir reden.
>
>
>
This answer was given in a comment. It is correct, but has a special connotation. It somehow implies that there is a specific topic or at least a specific reason for your conversation.
>
> Ich würde mich gerne mal mit dir unterhalten.
>
>
>
For the general case this is the best answer. It implies that you would like to have a chat with the other person on another occasion. Depending on the context this might or might not have different connotations, for example like the answer before, but in general it is just a friendly thing to say. |
40,059 | I would like to say in German,
>
> I would love to talk sometime.
>
>
>
So far I have this,
>
> Ich würde gerne mal reden.
>
>
>
Is *reden* the right verb here? How would you say it? | 2017/11/05 | [
"https://german.stackexchange.com/questions/40059",
"https://german.stackexchange.com",
"https://german.stackexchange.com/users/21516/"
] | Your translation works.
Another possibility would be
>
> Ich würde mich gerne mal mit dir unterhalten
>
>
>
Which is a way to ask for a conversation some time in the future. The “dir“ is used when talking to a friend or close co-worker while it can be exchanged with “Ihnen“ to suit a more formal setting. | Irgendwann würde ich (sehr) gerne mal mit Dir reden. |
40,059 | I would like to say in German,
>
> I would love to talk sometime.
>
>
>
So far I have this,
>
> Ich würde gerne mal reden.
>
>
>
Is *reden* the right verb here? How would you say it? | 2017/11/05 | [
"https://german.stackexchange.com/questions/40059",
"https://german.stackexchange.com",
"https://german.stackexchange.com/users/21516/"
] | Although the given answer is correct, I would like to distinguish cases more:
>
> Ich würde gerne mal reden.
>
>
>
This sounds like you would like to talk, no matter with who, when, or what. You could be very shy and desire to step up and talk sometimes.
>
> Ich würde gerne (mal) mit dir reden.
>
>
>
This answer was given in a comment. It is correct, but has a special connotation. It somehow implies that there is a specific topic or at least a specific reason for your conversation.
>
> Ich würde mich gerne mal mit dir unterhalten.
>
>
>
For the general case this is the best answer. It implies that you would like to have a chat with the other person on another occasion. Depending on the context this might or might not have different connotations, for example like the answer before, but in general it is just a friendly thing to say. | Irgendwann würde ich (sehr) gerne mal mit Dir reden. |
25,406,330 | I have a star image in my activity. Now when the user clicks on that star image, that image should change to **ON Star image**, Same as favorite star image. For this I use the following code :
```
ImageView star=(ImageView)findViewById(R.id.favorite);
star.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener()
{
@Override
public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event)
{
if(event.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN)
{
star.setImageResource(android.R.drawable.star_big_on);
}
return false;
}
});
```
But I am unable to change that image. Please suggest me. | 2014/08/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25406330",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3898113/"
] | Use an OnClickListener instead of an OnTouchListener.
```
ImageView star=(ImageView)findViewById(R.id.favorite);
star.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
star.setImageResource(android.R.drawable.star_big_on);
}
});
```
Your code should look like that. You'll need to make the ImageView clickable as well either in XML (android:clickable="true") or in code (star.setClickable(true);).
Conversely, you could use an ImageButton and set the image as the ImageButton's background. This way you don't have to worry about setting the View to be clickable, as it is inherently clickable. | To change the image you can use this code :
star.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
```
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
star.setImageResource(android.R.drawable.star_big_on);
}
});
``` |
25,406,330 | I have a star image in my activity. Now when the user clicks on that star image, that image should change to **ON Star image**, Same as favorite star image. For this I use the following code :
```
ImageView star=(ImageView)findViewById(R.id.favorite);
star.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener()
{
@Override
public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event)
{
if(event.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN)
{
star.setImageResource(android.R.drawable.star_big_on);
}
return false;
}
});
```
But I am unable to change that image. Please suggest me. | 2014/08/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25406330",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3898113/"
] | Use an OnClickListener instead of an OnTouchListener.
```
ImageView star=(ImageView)findViewById(R.id.favorite);
star.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
star.setImageResource(android.R.drawable.star_big_on);
}
});
```
Your code should look like that. You'll need to make the ImageView clickable as well either in XML (android:clickable="true") or in code (star.setClickable(true);).
Conversely, you could use an ImageButton and set the image as the ImageButton's background. This way you don't have to worry about setting the View to be clickable, as it is inherently clickable. | you can use selctor xml. create xml under res/drawable and then create selector\_star.xml, your code in that xml should like this :
```
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
```
`<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">`
```
<item android:drawable="@drawable/star_big_on" android:state_pressed="true" android:state_selected="true"></item>
<item android:drawable="@drawable/star_big_off"></item>
</selector>
```
and in your Image view xml, it should like this :
```
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/star"
android:background="@drawable/star_selector"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
``` |
43,278,020 | In the success part of my ajax each result gets put into columns.
What I am trying to achive is every 4 columns it will create a new row.
Question: On success part of ajax how to make it so every after every 4 columns will create a new row?
```
<script type="text/javascript">
$("#select_category").on('keyup', function(e) {
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "<?php echo base_url('questions/displaycategories');?>",
data: {
category: $("#select_category").val()
},
dataType: "json",
success: function(json){
list = '';
list += '<div class="row">';
$.each(json['categories'], function(key, value ) {
list += '<div class="col-sm-3">';
list += value['name'];
list += '</div>';
});
list += '</div>';
$('.category-box').html(list);
}
});
});
</script>
``` | 2017/04/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/43278020",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4419336/"
] | Remove one line from your css
```
tbody {
height: 100%;
display: block;//<--- Remove this line
width: 100%;
overflow-y: auto;
}
``` | Check with this :
```
tbody {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
height: 400px;
overflow: hidden;
overflow-y: scroll;
}
```
and remove
```
.scrollbar {
height: 450px;
overflow-y: auto; // Remove this line
}
``` |
43,278,020 | In the success part of my ajax each result gets put into columns.
What I am trying to achive is every 4 columns it will create a new row.
Question: On success part of ajax how to make it so every after every 4 columns will create a new row?
```
<script type="text/javascript">
$("#select_category").on('keyup', function(e) {
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "<?php echo base_url('questions/displaycategories');?>",
data: {
category: $("#select_category").val()
},
dataType: "json",
success: function(json){
list = '';
list += '<div class="row">';
$.each(json['categories'], function(key, value ) {
list += '<div class="col-sm-3">';
list += value['name'];
list += '</div>';
});
list += '</div>';
$('.category-box').html(list);
}
});
});
</script>
``` | 2017/04/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/43278020",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4419336/"
] | Add this in your css class. this will work.
```
table ,tr td{
border:1px solid red
}
tbody {
display:block;
height:50px;
overflow:auto;
height: calc(100vh - 360px);
}
thead, tbody tr {
display:table;
width:100%;
table-layout:fixed;
}
thead {
width: calc( 100% - 1em )
}
table {
width:400px;
}
```
updated js fiddle
<https://jsfiddle.net/vinothsm92/pL1wqaj1/12/> | Check with this :
```
tbody {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
height: 400px;
overflow: hidden;
overflow-y: scroll;
}
```
and remove
```
.scrollbar {
height: 450px;
overflow-y: auto; // Remove this line
}
``` |
6,110,068 | **Assuming an invariant culture**, is it possible to define a different group separator in the format - than the comma?
```
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
Console.WriteLine(String.Format("{0:#,##0}", 2295));
```
Output:
```
2,295
```
Desired output:
```
2.295
```
The invariant culture is a requirement because currencies from many different locales are being formatted with format strings, that have been user defined. Ie for Denmark they have defined the price format to be "{0:0},-", while for Ireland it might be "€{0:#,##0}". | 2011/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6110068",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/77884/"
] | When you have different format strings, this does not mean that you have to use InvariantCulture. If you have a format string for germany e.g. you format this string using the Culture("de-de"):
```
String.Format(CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo( "de-de" ), "{0:0},-", 2295) //will result in 2.295,-
String.Format(CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo( "en-us" ), "{0:0},-", 2295) //will result in 2,295,-
```
Alternatively you can specify your custom [number format info](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.globalization.numberformatinfo%28v=VS.100%29.aspx):
```
NumberFormatInfo nfi = new NumberFormatInfo( )
{
CurrencyGroupSeparator = ":"
};
String.Format(nfi, "{0:0},-", 2295) //will result in 2:295,-
``` | The normal approach would be to *not* use an Invariant culture.
You do specify the formatting in Invariant style, but the proper symbols would be substituted, `#,##0.00` will come out as **1.234,50** or as **1,235.50** depending on the actual culture used. |
601,834 | I need to terminate an unused op amp and plan to use the [recommended circuit](https://youtu.be/gwQiFuckMz0?t=727) below with +3.3V. How do I choose the resistor values? The op amp I'm using is the [MCP6002](https://www.microchip.com/en-us/product/MCP6002) ([datasheet](http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/MCP6001-1R-1U-2-4-1-MHz-Low-Power-Op-Amp-DS20001733L.pdf)).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gY6Ji.png)
I understand too low allows a lot of current, wasting power. Too high and it's not enough current to drive the load. In this case the load is just the op amp. Here is where I get lost. What determines a reasonable but low amount of current to put through the op amp?
`Output Short-Circuit Current` is +/-6mA @ 1.8V, so something like < 3mA @ 3.3V would be very safe for the high end, but I want the low end.
10K ohms for both resistors would be 0.33mA. I guess that would be fine, but can I go lower? | 2021/12/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/601834",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/303644/"
] | The op-amp has rail-to-rail input capabilities hence, you can tie the unused input to either: -
* 3V3 or
* 0 volts
Noting this from the DS: -
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/T7p9M.png)
I'd probably tie IN+ to 0 volts.
>
> *What determines a reasonable but low amount of current to put through
> the op amp?*
>
>
>
Well, the graph above gives some indication but, unfortunately, the DS doesn't give an equivalent graph when the input is close to the positive rail.
If you insist on using a potential divider, take note that the input bias current is about 1 nA over temperature and, if your resistors were 1 MΩ roughly, that would mean a 1 mV drop across them so, I'd go as high as possible because it won't really matter that much. | The voltage divider has the purpose of guaranteeing a voltage on the IN+ that is within both the input common-mode voltage range and the output voltage range. Mid-supply is a safe bet but not a must.
If you use resistors, use the largest resistor present in your BOM. That way, the least amount of current from the supply rail will be wasted. The "op amp load" has nothing to do with these resistors, it has no load being connected only to one MOSFET gate.
The datasheet section 4.5. recommends an alternative solution with no additional components but this one is not recommended as it can cause increasing supply current (out-of-spec even), (more discussion [here](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/576556/unused-opamp-termination-how-does-it-cause-increased-current-consumption?noredirect=1&lq=1)).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YWCA1.png)
Instead, another solution that is safer and also requires no components, is to connect the output of the used amp in the package to the IN+ of the unused one. This assures that the unused one is always kept at a safe voltage, assuming the used amp's circuit is proper.
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2f274Ck.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/) |
601,834 | I need to terminate an unused op amp and plan to use the [recommended circuit](https://youtu.be/gwQiFuckMz0?t=727) below with +3.3V. How do I choose the resistor values? The op amp I'm using is the [MCP6002](https://www.microchip.com/en-us/product/MCP6002) ([datasheet](http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/MCP6001-1R-1U-2-4-1-MHz-Low-Power-Op-Amp-DS20001733L.pdf)).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gY6Ji.png)
I understand too low allows a lot of current, wasting power. Too high and it's not enough current to drive the load. In this case the load is just the op amp. Here is where I get lost. What determines a reasonable but low amount of current to put through the op amp?
`Output Short-Circuit Current` is +/-6mA @ 1.8V, so something like < 3mA @ 3.3V would be very safe for the high end, but I want the low end.
10K ohms for both resistors would be 0.33mA. I guess that would be fine, but can I go lower? | 2021/12/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/601834",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/303644/"
] | The op-amp has rail-to-rail input capabilities hence, you can tie the unused input to either: -
* 3V3 or
* 0 volts
Noting this from the DS: -
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/T7p9M.png)
I'd probably tie IN+ to 0 volts.
>
> *What determines a reasonable but low amount of current to put through
> the op amp?*
>
>
>
Well, the graph above gives some indication but, unfortunately, the DS doesn't give an equivalent graph when the input is close to the positive rail.
If you insist on using a potential divider, take note that the input bias current is about 1 nA over temperature and, if your resistors were 1 MΩ roughly, that would mean a 1 mV drop across them so, I'd go as high as possible because it won't really matter that much. | The general way to do this is to look at the op-amp's input current specification (not the output current). You want to choose a resistance that (A) won't generate more than about 10% of the power supply voltage when it's drawn through the bias network, and (B) is well below the board's self-leakage resistance.
I'm just going to trust AndyAka's answer that the input bias current is 1nA -- in that case, (A) is satisfied with \$\frac{0.33\mathrm V}{1 \mathrm{nA}} = 330 \mathrm M\Omega\$\*. This doesn't come *close* to satisfying (B) -- if you have a pair of pads for an 0603 resistor on a board and you swipe your finger across them you'll have less resistance than that. My "I don't worry about this" resistance is \$1 \mathrm M\Omega\$, so that's what I'd use.
I'd also add a feedback resistor, from output to the \$V\_-\$ input. This won't change the circuit operation (it's *supposed* to do nothing), but if you're in the middle of prototyping and you discover that you need an op-amp for something, the resistor in the layout will make it much easier to use that op-amp.
\* I'm answering for free, so I refuse to pull out a calculator. This answer is exactly correct, unless I'm off by a piddly little factor of 1000 somewhere. |
601,834 | I need to terminate an unused op amp and plan to use the [recommended circuit](https://youtu.be/gwQiFuckMz0?t=727) below with +3.3V. How do I choose the resistor values? The op amp I'm using is the [MCP6002](https://www.microchip.com/en-us/product/MCP6002) ([datasheet](http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/MCP6001-1R-1U-2-4-1-MHz-Low-Power-Op-Amp-DS20001733L.pdf)).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gY6Ji.png)
I understand too low allows a lot of current, wasting power. Too high and it's not enough current to drive the load. In this case the load is just the op amp. Here is where I get lost. What determines a reasonable but low amount of current to put through the op amp?
`Output Short-Circuit Current` is +/-6mA @ 1.8V, so something like < 3mA @ 3.3V would be very safe for the high end, but I want the low end.
10K ohms for both resistors would be 0.33mA. I guess that would be fine, but can I go lower? | 2021/12/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/601834",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/303644/"
] | The voltage divider has the purpose of guaranteeing a voltage on the IN+ that is within both the input common-mode voltage range and the output voltage range. Mid-supply is a safe bet but not a must.
If you use resistors, use the largest resistor present in your BOM. That way, the least amount of current from the supply rail will be wasted. The "op amp load" has nothing to do with these resistors, it has no load being connected only to one MOSFET gate.
The datasheet section 4.5. recommends an alternative solution with no additional components but this one is not recommended as it can cause increasing supply current (out-of-spec even), (more discussion [here](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/576556/unused-opamp-termination-how-does-it-cause-increased-current-consumption?noredirect=1&lq=1)).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YWCA1.png)
Instead, another solution that is safer and also requires no components, is to connect the output of the used amp in the package to the IN+ of the unused one. This assures that the unused one is always kept at a safe voltage, assuming the used amp's circuit is proper.
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2f274Ck.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/) | The general way to do this is to look at the op-amp's input current specification (not the output current). You want to choose a resistance that (A) won't generate more than about 10% of the power supply voltage when it's drawn through the bias network, and (B) is well below the board's self-leakage resistance.
I'm just going to trust AndyAka's answer that the input bias current is 1nA -- in that case, (A) is satisfied with \$\frac{0.33\mathrm V}{1 \mathrm{nA}} = 330 \mathrm M\Omega\$\*. This doesn't come *close* to satisfying (B) -- if you have a pair of pads for an 0603 resistor on a board and you swipe your finger across them you'll have less resistance than that. My "I don't worry about this" resistance is \$1 \mathrm M\Omega\$, so that's what I'd use.
I'd also add a feedback resistor, from output to the \$V\_-\$ input. This won't change the circuit operation (it's *supposed* to do nothing), but if you're in the middle of prototyping and you discover that you need an op-amp for something, the resistor in the layout will make it much easier to use that op-amp.
\* I'm answering for free, so I refuse to pull out a calculator. This answer is exactly correct, unless I'm off by a piddly little factor of 1000 somewhere. |
6,598,247 | I made a survey and gave to certain user Contribute permission to answer the survey.
Appears that even if you give to user "Read" permissions Action bar is still available.
Is there any chance to hide "Action bar" for limited permission users? | 2011/07/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6598247",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/671141/"
] | Try using the `onbeforeunload()` function or jQuery [unload()](http://api.jquery.com/unload/) | Not sure jQuery will help you here, but you could try
```
<html>
<body onUnLoad='alert("Please do not leave!")'>
</html>
```
Should note that this will fire whenever the user tries to leave your page (Refresh or otherwise). |
46,182,318 | I am trying to make a simple 'Simon Game'. I am currently stuck trying to add a class 'on' to a div for one second, then remove that class for the same amount of time.
So I have four divs that I am blinking on and off depending on a sequence of numbers, e.g. `[0, 1, 2, 3]`. This would blink `div[0]` on for one second and off for one second then move to `div[1]`, on and off and so on.
Here is my function
```
/**
* sequence => array [0, 1, 2, 3]
* speed => int 1000 (one second)
*/
playSequence: function(sequence, speed){
var self = this;
// removes class 'on'
view.turnOffPads();
setTimeout(function(){
// adds the 'on' class to a specific div
view.lightUpPad(model.startupSequence[model.count]);
}, speed / 2);
setTimeout(function(){
model.count++; // keeps track of the iterations
if (model.count < sequence.length) { // if we are still iterating
self.playSequence(sequence, speed); // light up the next div
} else {
model.count = 0; // set back to zero
}
}, speed);
},
```
The problem with this is that I am using two setTimeout functions with one another and although it works I am wondering if there is a better way. If you look I am using a count variable in my model object to keep track of iterations.
Here is my full javascript app so far...
```
$(function(){
var model = {
on: false,
strictMode: false,
startupSequence: [0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 3],
score: 0,
sequence: [],
count: 0,
}
var controller = {
init: function(){
view.cacheDOM();
view.bindEvents();
},
getSequence: function(){
// get a random number from one to 4
var random = Math.floor(Math.random() * 4);
// push it to the sequence array
model.sequence.push(random);
console.log(model.sequence);
// play it
this.playSequence(model.sequence);
},
/**
* sequence => array [0, 1, 2, 3]
* speed => int 1000 (one second)
*/
playSequence: function(sequence, speed){
console.log(sequence.length);
var self = this;
view.turnOffPads();
setTimeout(function(){
view.lightUpPad(model.startupSequence[model.count]);
}, speed / 2);
setTimeout(function(){
model.count++;
if (model.count < sequence.length) {
self.playSequence(sequence, speed);
} else {
model.count = 0;
}
}, speed);
// view.turnOffPads();
},
}
var view = {
cacheDOM: function(){
this.$round = $('#round');
this.$start = $('#start');
this.$strict = $('#strict');
this.$pad = $('.pad');
this.$padArray = document.getElementsByClassName('pad');
},
bindEvents: function(){
this.$start .change(this.start.bind(this));
this.$strict.change(this.setStrictMode.bind(this));
},
start: function(){
// turn on pads
if (model.on) {
this.$pad.removeClass('on');
this.$round.text('--');
model.on = false;
// reset everything
} else {
this.$round.text(model.score);
model.on = true;
controller.playSequence(model.startupSequence, 100)
// controller.getSequence();
}
},
lightUpPad: function(i){
$(this.$padArray[i]).addClass('on');
},
turnOffPads: function(){
this.$pad.removeClass('on');
},
setStrictMode: function(){
if (model.strictMode) {
model.strictMode = false;
} else {
model.strictMode = true;
}
}
}
controller.init();
});
```
Is there a cleaner way to add a class, and then remove a class? | 2017/09/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/46182318",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4030469/"
] | I think you could turn a list of buttons into a sequence of commands. Then you could use a single `setInterval` to play commands until it runs out of commands. The `setInterval` could use 1 second intervals if you want on and off to take just as long, but you could also set it to a little faster to easily allow for different durations.
The example below isn't really based on your code, but just to illustrate the idea. It starts (at the button of the code) with an array of buttons pressed. Those are passed to `getSequence`. This will return an array of commands, in this case simply the color of the button to switch on, so a sequence could be red,red,red,red,'','','','' to have red light up for 4 'intervals', and then switch it off for 4 'intervals'. This way you could create complicates sequences, and with minor adjustments you could even light up multiple buttons simultaneously.
The interval in the example is set to 1/10 of a second. Each color plays for 10 steps (= 1 second), and each pause plays for 5 steps (= .5 second). In the console you see the basis array of buttons/colors to play, followed by the more elaborate sequence that is played.
```js
// The play function plays a sequence of commands
function play(sequence) {
var index = 0;
var lastid = '';
var timer = setInterval(function(){
// End the timer when at the end of the array
if (++index >= sequence.length) {
clearInterval(timer);
return;
}
var newid = sequence[index];
if (lastid != newid) {
// Something has changed. Check and act.
if (lastid != '') {
// The last id was set, so lets switch that off first.
document.getElementById(lastid).classList.remove('on');
console.log('--- ' + lastid + ' off');
}
if (newid != '') {
// New id is set, switch it on
document.getElementById(newid).classList.add('on');
console.log('+++ ' + newid + ' on');
}
lastid = newid;
}
}, 100);
}
// generateSequence takes a list of buttons and converts them to a
// sequence of color/off commands.
function generateSequence(buttons) {
var result = [];
for (var b = 0; b < buttons.length; b++) {
// 'On' for 10 counts
for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
result.push(buttons[b]);
}
if (b+1 < buttons.length) {
// 'Off' for 5 counts
for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
result.push('');
}
}
}
// One 'off' at the end
result.push('');
return result;
}
var buttons = ['red', 'green', 'red', 'yellow', 'yellow', 'blue'];
console.log(buttons);
var sequence = generateSequence(buttons);
console.log(sequence);
play(sequence);
```
```css
div.button {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
opacity: .5;
display: inline-block;
}
div.button.on {
opacity: 1;
}
#red {
background-color: red;
}
#green {
background-color: green;
}
#yellow {
background-color: yellow;
}
#blue {
background-color: blue;
}
```
```html
<div id="red" class="button"></div>
<div id="green" class="button"></div>
<div id="yellow" class="button"></div>
<div id="blue" class="button"></div>
``` | TLDR ;)
All you need to do is to use `setInterval()` or `setTimeout()` and within the callback function use **[`element.classList.toggle()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/classList)** to add or remove a class from the element.
If/when you want the blinking to stop, just use `clearTimeout()` or `clearInterval()`.
Here's an example:
```js
var d = document.getElementById("test");
var b = document.querySelector("button");
b.addEventListener("click", function(){
// Cancel the timer
clearTimeout(timer);
});
// Assign the timer's ID to a variable so that
// you can stop it later
var timer = setInterval(function(){
// Toggle the use of the lightUp class
test.classList.toggle("lightUp");
},1000);
```
```css
#test {
width:100px;
height:100px;
background-color:blue; /* <-- blue will be the default color */
}
#test.lightUp {
background-color:yellow;
}
```
```html
<div id="test"></div>
<button>Stop Blinking</button>
``` |
46,182,318 | I am trying to make a simple 'Simon Game'. I am currently stuck trying to add a class 'on' to a div for one second, then remove that class for the same amount of time.
So I have four divs that I am blinking on and off depending on a sequence of numbers, e.g. `[0, 1, 2, 3]`. This would blink `div[0]` on for one second and off for one second then move to `div[1]`, on and off and so on.
Here is my function
```
/**
* sequence => array [0, 1, 2, 3]
* speed => int 1000 (one second)
*/
playSequence: function(sequence, speed){
var self = this;
// removes class 'on'
view.turnOffPads();
setTimeout(function(){
// adds the 'on' class to a specific div
view.lightUpPad(model.startupSequence[model.count]);
}, speed / 2);
setTimeout(function(){
model.count++; // keeps track of the iterations
if (model.count < sequence.length) { // if we are still iterating
self.playSequence(sequence, speed); // light up the next div
} else {
model.count = 0; // set back to zero
}
}, speed);
},
```
The problem with this is that I am using two setTimeout functions with one another and although it works I am wondering if there is a better way. If you look I am using a count variable in my model object to keep track of iterations.
Here is my full javascript app so far...
```
$(function(){
var model = {
on: false,
strictMode: false,
startupSequence: [0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 3],
score: 0,
sequence: [],
count: 0,
}
var controller = {
init: function(){
view.cacheDOM();
view.bindEvents();
},
getSequence: function(){
// get a random number from one to 4
var random = Math.floor(Math.random() * 4);
// push it to the sequence array
model.sequence.push(random);
console.log(model.sequence);
// play it
this.playSequence(model.sequence);
},
/**
* sequence => array [0, 1, 2, 3]
* speed => int 1000 (one second)
*/
playSequence: function(sequence, speed){
console.log(sequence.length);
var self = this;
view.turnOffPads();
setTimeout(function(){
view.lightUpPad(model.startupSequence[model.count]);
}, speed / 2);
setTimeout(function(){
model.count++;
if (model.count < sequence.length) {
self.playSequence(sequence, speed);
} else {
model.count = 0;
}
}, speed);
// view.turnOffPads();
},
}
var view = {
cacheDOM: function(){
this.$round = $('#round');
this.$start = $('#start');
this.$strict = $('#strict');
this.$pad = $('.pad');
this.$padArray = document.getElementsByClassName('pad');
},
bindEvents: function(){
this.$start .change(this.start.bind(this));
this.$strict.change(this.setStrictMode.bind(this));
},
start: function(){
// turn on pads
if (model.on) {
this.$pad.removeClass('on');
this.$round.text('--');
model.on = false;
// reset everything
} else {
this.$round.text(model.score);
model.on = true;
controller.playSequence(model.startupSequence, 100)
// controller.getSequence();
}
},
lightUpPad: function(i){
$(this.$padArray[i]).addClass('on');
},
turnOffPads: function(){
this.$pad.removeClass('on');
},
setStrictMode: function(){
if (model.strictMode) {
model.strictMode = false;
} else {
model.strictMode = true;
}
}
}
controller.init();
});
```
Is there a cleaner way to add a class, and then remove a class? | 2017/09/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/46182318",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4030469/"
] | Use setInterval instead of setTimeout I have created four divison and blink each division for 1 sec.
```js
var i = 0,
j = 4;
function blink(i) {
new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
x = setTimeout(function() {
document.querySelectorAll(".post-text")[i].classList.add("myClass");
resolve("added");
}, 1000)
}).then(function(a) {
new Promise(function(res, rej) {
setTimeout(function() {
clearInterval(x);
document.querySelectorAll(".post-text")[i].classList.remove("myClass");
res("deleted");
}, 1000)
}).then(function(a) {
i++;
if (i < j) {
blink(i);
} else {
i = 0;
blink(i);
}
});
});
}
blink(i);
```
```css
.myClass {
background-color:yellow;
}
```
```html
<div class="post-text">A</div>
<div class="post-text">B</div>
<div class="post-text">C</div>
<div class="post-text">D</div>
``` | TLDR ;)
All you need to do is to use `setInterval()` or `setTimeout()` and within the callback function use **[`element.classList.toggle()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/classList)** to add or remove a class from the element.
If/when you want the blinking to stop, just use `clearTimeout()` or `clearInterval()`.
Here's an example:
```js
var d = document.getElementById("test");
var b = document.querySelector("button");
b.addEventListener("click", function(){
// Cancel the timer
clearTimeout(timer);
});
// Assign the timer's ID to a variable so that
// you can stop it later
var timer = setInterval(function(){
// Toggle the use of the lightUp class
test.classList.toggle("lightUp");
},1000);
```
```css
#test {
width:100px;
height:100px;
background-color:blue; /* <-- blue will be the default color */
}
#test.lightUp {
background-color:yellow;
}
```
```html
<div id="test"></div>
<button>Stop Blinking</button>
``` |
7,188,989 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [Set array key as string not int?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3231318/set-array-key-as-string-not-int)
>
>
>
I know you can do something like
`$array["string"]` in php but can you also do something like this in C# instead of using arrays with numbers? | 2011/08/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7188989",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/911848/"
] | If you want to store key/value pairs, you could probably use a Dictionary:
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/xfhwa508.aspx>
In PHP the "array" class is actually a map, which is a data structure that maps values to keys.
In C# there are a [lot of distinct data structure](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcsharp/aa336800) classes. Each with it's own characteristics.
Wikipedia is a good starting point to read about basic data structures in general:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure#Common_data_structures> | `var ar = new string[]{"one", "two"};` |
7,188,989 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [Set array key as string not int?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3231318/set-array-key-as-string-not-int)
>
>
>
I know you can do something like
`$array["string"]` in php but can you also do something like this in C# instead of using arrays with numbers? | 2011/08/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7188989",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/911848/"
] | Arrays in PHP are in reality more like dictionaries in C#. So yes, you can do this, using a [**`Dictionary<string, YourValueType>`**](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/xfhwa508.aspx):
```
var dict = new Dictionary<string, int>();
dict["hello"] = 42;
dict["world"] = 12;
``` | `var ar = new string[]{"one", "two"};` |
7,188,989 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [Set array key as string not int?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3231318/set-array-key-as-string-not-int)
>
>
>
I know you can do something like
`$array["string"]` in php but can you also do something like this in C# instead of using arrays with numbers? | 2011/08/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7188989",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/911848/"
] | Arrays in PHP are in reality more like dictionaries in C#. So yes, you can do this, using a [**`Dictionary<string, YourValueType>`**](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/xfhwa508.aspx):
```
var dict = new Dictionary<string, int>();
dict["hello"] = 42;
dict["world"] = 12;
``` | If you want to store key/value pairs, you could probably use a Dictionary:
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/xfhwa508.aspx>
In PHP the "array" class is actually a map, which is a data structure that maps values to keys.
In C# there are a [lot of distinct data structure](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcsharp/aa336800) classes. Each with it's own characteristics.
Wikipedia is a good starting point to read about basic data structures in general:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure#Common_data_structures> |
7,188,989 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [Set array key as string not int?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3231318/set-array-key-as-string-not-int)
>
>
>
I know you can do something like
`$array["string"]` in php but can you also do something like this in C# instead of using arrays with numbers? | 2011/08/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7188989",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/911848/"
] | If you want to store key/value pairs, you could probably use a Dictionary:
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/xfhwa508.aspx>
In PHP the "array" class is actually a map, which is a data structure that maps values to keys.
In C# there are a [lot of distinct data structure](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcsharp/aa336800) classes. Each with it's own characteristics.
Wikipedia is a good starting point to read about basic data structures in general:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure#Common_data_structures> | Use `Dictionary` for this purpose :) |
7,188,989 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [Set array key as string not int?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3231318/set-array-key-as-string-not-int)
>
>
>
I know you can do something like
`$array["string"]` in php but can you also do something like this in C# instead of using arrays with numbers? | 2011/08/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7188989",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/911848/"
] | If you want to store key/value pairs, you could probably use a Dictionary:
<http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/xfhwa508.aspx>
In PHP the "array" class is actually a map, which is a data structure that maps values to keys.
In C# there are a [lot of distinct data structure](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcsharp/aa336800) classes. Each with it's own characteristics.
Wikipedia is a good starting point to read about basic data structures in general:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure#Common_data_structures> | ```
var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, string>();
dictionary["key"] = "value";
```
and so on |
7,188,989 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [Set array key as string not int?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3231318/set-array-key-as-string-not-int)
>
>
>
I know you can do something like
`$array["string"]` in php but can you also do something like this in C# instead of using arrays with numbers? | 2011/08/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7188989",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/911848/"
] | Arrays in PHP are in reality more like dictionaries in C#. So yes, you can do this, using a [**`Dictionary<string, YourValueType>`**](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/xfhwa508.aspx):
```
var dict = new Dictionary<string, int>();
dict["hello"] = 42;
dict["world"] = 12;
``` | Use `Dictionary` for this purpose :) |
7,188,989 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [Set array key as string not int?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3231318/set-array-key-as-string-not-int)
>
>
>
I know you can do something like
`$array["string"]` in php but can you also do something like this in C# instead of using arrays with numbers? | 2011/08/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7188989",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/911848/"
] | Arrays in PHP are in reality more like dictionaries in C#. So yes, you can do this, using a [**`Dictionary<string, YourValueType>`**](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/xfhwa508.aspx):
```
var dict = new Dictionary<string, int>();
dict["hello"] = 42;
dict["world"] = 12;
``` | ```
var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, string>();
dictionary["key"] = "value";
```
and so on |
48,273,719 | I'm new to programming. Here is the code I try to use:
```
<div style="width: 300px;">
texttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttext
</div>
```
So, the problem is the text won't break after `300px`. Why and how can I fix that? | 2018/01/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/48273719",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/9222224/"
] | this also work
```css
div{
word-wrap: break-word;
width: 300px;
}
```
```html
<div>
texttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttext
</div>
``` | Try the following code for the styling of your div:
```
div{
overflow-wrap: break-word; /* wrap/break lines that are longer the the container width */
overflow: hidden; /* Not necessary but it will hide everything outside of the div box */
}
```
Programming is not coding and both HTML & CSS code aren't programming languages. Next time, you can just say you are new to frontend development. |
73,901,048 | Very simple, I want to round my 'base\_price' and 'entry' with the precision, here 0.00001. It doesn't work because it converts it to a scientific number.
How do I do this; I have been stuck for 1 hour.
Some post says to use `output="{:.9f}".format(num)` but it adds some zero after the last 1.
It work with `precision = str(0.0001)` but start from 4 zeros after the dot, it change to scientific numbers and `digit = precision[::-1].find('.')` doesn't work with scientific numbers.
```
precision = str(0.00001) #5 decimals after the dot
print(precision)
base_price=0.0314858333
entry=0.031525
digit = precision[::-1].find('.')
entry_price = float(round(float(entry), digit))
base_price = float(round(float(base_price), digit))
print(entry_price,base_price)
```
Expected result:
```
base_price=0.03148 #5 decimals after the dot
entry=0.03152 #5 decimals after the dot
``` | 2022/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/73901048",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/18578687/"
] | If you want to round to a precision given by a variable, you can just do
```py
precision = 0.00001
entry = 0.031525
entry_price = round(entry / precision) * precision
``` | It sounds like you want to truncate the number, so:
```
precision = 0.00001
base_price = 0.0314858333
# use int to truncate the division to the nearest fraction.
base_price = int(base_price / precision) * precision
print(base_price) # prints 0.03148
``` |
73,901,048 | Very simple, I want to round my 'base\_price' and 'entry' with the precision, here 0.00001. It doesn't work because it converts it to a scientific number.
How do I do this; I have been stuck for 1 hour.
Some post says to use `output="{:.9f}".format(num)` but it adds some zero after the last 1.
It work with `precision = str(0.0001)` but start from 4 zeros after the dot, it change to scientific numbers and `digit = precision[::-1].find('.')` doesn't work with scientific numbers.
```
precision = str(0.00001) #5 decimals after the dot
print(precision)
base_price=0.0314858333
entry=0.031525
digit = precision[::-1].find('.')
entry_price = float(round(float(entry), digit))
base_price = float(round(float(base_price), digit))
print(entry_price,base_price)
```
Expected result:
```
base_price=0.03148 #5 decimals after the dot
entry=0.03152 #5 decimals after the dot
``` | 2022/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/73901048",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/18578687/"
] | To use numbers in the format '0.00001' to set precision instead of the number you want, I'd use int(abs(math.log10(precision))) then pass that number to format.
Like so
```py
import math
precision = 0.00001
precision_count = int(abs(math.log10(precision)))
base = 0.0314858333
entry = 0.031525
print(f"{entry:.{precision_count}f}, {base:.{precision_count}f}")
```
*(I've removed suffix `_price` from `base_price` because in one case you used `entry` and `entry_price` and in the other you used `base_price` twice, so I went with the first standard for both)*
**I'd recommend you test with multiple possible values of precision**
### But, you *probably* should be using [Decimal](https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html) instead
Based on the variable names having "price", you could run into rounding problems/error compounding. To avoid surprises, I recommend you use decimal (or something with similar capabilities). In your case, `quantize` seems to be what you're looking for. | It sounds like you want to truncate the number, so:
```
precision = 0.00001
base_price = 0.0314858333
# use int to truncate the division to the nearest fraction.
base_price = int(base_price / precision) * precision
print(base_price) # prints 0.03148
``` |
42,339,632 | I am not able to understand the forced need of permission check in my code.
Moreover, even after doing that, the location is null.
This is the code of my onCreate method:
Please help!!
```
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
provider = locationManager.getBestProvider(new Criteria(), false);
if(provider.equals(null)){
Log.i("provdier","prob");
}
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// TODO: Consider calling
// ActivityCompat#requestPermissions
// here to request the missing permissions, and then overriding
// public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,
// int[] grantResults)
// to handle the case where the user grants the permission. See the documentation
// for ActivityCompat#requestPermissions for more details.
return;
}
Location location = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(provider);
if (location != null) {
Log.i("location info", "achieved");
textView.setText("Achieved");
} else {
Log.i("location info", "failed");
textView.setText("Failed");
}
}
``` | 2017/02/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/42339632",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7591842/"
] | In D3 4.0 the [callback function for the `.on()` method is passed 3 arguments](https://github.com/d3/d3-selection#handling-events): the current datum (d), the current index (i), and the current group (nodes).
Within the mouseover callback, you can `selectAll("rect")`, and filter out items which are in the current group (`node`). With this selection, you then set opacity to 0.5. On mouseout, you just need to set all opacity back to 1.0. The pertinent code is:
```
...
.on('mouseover', function(d, i, node) {
d3.selectAll("rect")
.filter(function (x) { return !isInArray(this, node)})
.attr('opacity', 0.5);
}
)
.on('mouseout', function() {
d3.selectAll("rect").attr('opacity', 1.0);
});
```
with a small helper function to check if a value is present in an array (array of DOM elements in our case):
```
function isInArray(value, array) {
return array.indexOf(value) > -1;
}
```
The full code in context (given your linked example):
```
g.append("g")
.selectAll("g")
.data(data)
.enter().append("g")
.attr("transform", function(d) { return "translate(" + x0(d.State) + ",0)"; })
.selectAll("rect")
.data(function(d) { return keys.map(function(key) { return {key: key, value: d[key]}; }); })
.enter().append("rect")
.attr("x", function(d) { return x1(d.key); })
.attr("y", function(d) { return y(d.value); })
.attr("width", x1.bandwidth())
.attr("height", function(d) { return height - y(d.value); })
.attr("fill", function(d) { return z(d.key); })
.on('mouseover', function(d, i, node) {
d3.selectAll("rect")
.filter(function (x) { return !isInArray(this, node)})
.attr('opacity', 0.5);
}
)
.on('mouseout', function() {
d3.selectAll("rect").attr('opacity', 1.0);
});
``` | One solution could be:
Make a function which selects all group and gives it a transition of opacity 0.
The DOM on which mouse is over give opacity 1.
```
function hoverIn(){
d3.selectAll(".group-me").transition()
.style("opacity", 0.01);//all groups given opacity 0
d3.select(this).transition()
.style("opacity", 1);//give opacity 1 to group on which it hovers.
}
```
Make a function which selects all group and gives it a transition of opacity 1, when the mouse is out.
```
function hoverOut(){
d3.selectAll(".group-me").transition()
.style("opacity", 1);
}
```
On the group add a class and add the mouse out and in function like
```
g.append("g")
.selectAll("g")
.data(data)
.enter().append("g")
.classed("group-me", true)//add a class for selection.
.on("mouseover", hoverIn)
.on("mouseout", hoverOut)
```
working code [here](http://plnkr.co/edit/NjerWL96u2nJxGuWE8zA?p=info) |
12,863,043 | I've looking looking at this with no success so far. I need a regular expression that returns me the string after the one in a phone number. Let me give you the perfect example:
phone number (in exact format i need): 15063217711
return i need: 5063217711 --> so the FIRST char if its a 1 is removed. I need a regular expression that matches a 1 only at the BEGINNING of the string and then returns the rest of the phone number.
By the way im using objective C but it should not make much difference. | 2012/10/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12863043",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/835883/"
] | For a playlist DEFINITELY the database. The preferences is just a simple key-value pair. | It all depends on the complexity of what you are going to save. SharedPreferences it's the simple approach, but I don't think it is a good idea in terms of scalability.
In your case you would be better off using SQLite just because you can create complex structures using a relational database and still being easy to develop because its well-known SQL syntax. |
55,763,548 | I have following docker file.
```
MAINTANER Your Name "[email protected]"
RUN apt-get update -y && \
apt-get install -y python-pip python-dev
# We copy just the requirements.txt first to leverage Docker cache
COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt
WORKDIR /app
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . /app
ENTRYPOINT [ "python" ]
CMD [ "app.py" ]
```
There is one file that I want to run even before app.py file runs. How can I achieve that? I don't want to put code inside app.py. | 2019/04/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/55763548",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1972924/"
] | One solution could be to use a docker-entrypoint.sh script. Basically that entrypoint would allow you to define a set of commands to run to initialize your program.
For example, I could create the following docker-entrypoint.sh:
```
#!/bin/bash
set -e
if [ "$1" = 'app' ]; then
sh /run-my-other-file.sh
exec python app.py
fi
exec "$@"
```
And I would use it as so in my Dockerfile:
```
FROM alpine
COPY ./docker-entrypoint.sh /
ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entrypoint.sh"]
CMD ["app"]
```
There is a lot of articles and examples online about docker-entrypoints. You should give it a quick search I am sure you will find a lot of interesting examples that are used by famous production grade containers. | You could try creating a bash file called run.sh and put inside
app.py
try changing the CMD
```
CMD [ "run.sh" ]
```
Also make sure permission in executable for run.sh |
465,096 | Hello we have an SQL server application running over a low bandwith connection.
We use ADO.NET.
I was wondering if anybody has any tips on minimizing traffic over the channel.
Im looking for answers on ADO.NET/SQL-Server specific tips that make it more efficient.
Not obvious answers like "dont fetch many records".
En example for MySql would be "enable comptression=true" in the connection string.
I'm cannot find anything on transport layer compression in SQL server.
Do any of you people have experience with this ?
Are there important do's and dont's that we must know ?
Thanks in advance.. | 2009/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/465096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44894/"
] | I would use the OUTPUT clause present in SQL SERVER 2008 onwards...
[**OUTPUT Clause (Transact-SQL)**](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms177564.aspx)
Something like...
```
BEGIN TRANSACTION
DELETE [table] OUTPUT deleted.* WHERE [woof]
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
```
INSERTs and UPDATEs can use the 'inserted' table too. The MSDN article covers it all.
**EDIT:**
This is just like other suggestions of SELECT then DELETE inside a transaction, except that it actually does both together. So you open a transaction, delete/insert/update with an OUTPUT clause, and the changes are made while ALSO outputting what was done. Then you can choose to rollback or commit. | When you are in the context of the transaction, you can rollback changes any time before the transaction is committed. (Either by calling commit tran explicitly or if a condition arises that will cause the server to implicitly commit the transaction)
```
create table x (id int, val varchar(10))
insert into x values (1,'xxx')
begin tran
delete from x
select * from x
rollback tran
select * from x
``` |
465,096 | Hello we have an SQL server application running over a low bandwith connection.
We use ADO.NET.
I was wondering if anybody has any tips on minimizing traffic over the channel.
Im looking for answers on ADO.NET/SQL-Server specific tips that make it more efficient.
Not obvious answers like "dont fetch many records".
En example for MySql would be "enable comptression=true" in the connection string.
I'm cannot find anything on transport layer compression in SQL server.
Do any of you people have experience with this ?
Are there important do's and dont's that we must know ?
Thanks in advance.. | 2009/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/465096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44894/"
] | I live in fear of someone doing this to my databases so I always ask my Team to do something like the following:
```
BEGIN TRAN
DELETE FROM X
-- SELECT * FROM X
FROM Table A as X JOIN Table B ON Blah blah blah
WHERE blah blah blah
ROLLBACK TRAN
COMMIT TRAN
```
In this way, if you accidentally hit F5 (done it!) you'll do no changes. You can highlight the SELECT part through the end of the SQL statement to see what records will be changed (and how many). Then, highlight the BEGIN TRAN and entire Delete statement and run it. If you delete the same number of records you expected, highlight the COMMIT TRAN and run it. If anything looks wonky, highlight the ROLLBACK TRAN and run it.
I do this with any UPDATE or DELETE statement. It's saved me a couple times, but it ALWAYS provides peace of mind. | When you are in the context of the transaction, you can rollback changes any time before the transaction is committed. (Either by calling commit tran explicitly or if a condition arises that will cause the server to implicitly commit the transaction)
```
create table x (id int, val varchar(10))
insert into x values (1,'xxx')
begin tran
delete from x
select * from x
rollback tran
select * from x
``` |
465,096 | Hello we have an SQL server application running over a low bandwith connection.
We use ADO.NET.
I was wondering if anybody has any tips on minimizing traffic over the channel.
Im looking for answers on ADO.NET/SQL-Server specific tips that make it more efficient.
Not obvious answers like "dont fetch many records".
En example for MySql would be "enable comptression=true" in the connection string.
I'm cannot find anything on transport layer compression in SQL server.
Do any of you people have experience with this ?
Are there important do's and dont's that we must know ?
Thanks in advance.. | 2009/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/465096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44894/"
] | When you are in the context of the transaction, you can rollback changes any time before the transaction is committed. (Either by calling commit tran explicitly or if a condition arises that will cause the server to implicitly commit the transaction)
```
create table x (id int, val varchar(10))
insert into x values (1,'xxx')
begin tran
delete from x
select * from x
rollback tran
select * from x
``` | When I want to see what will be deleted, I just change the "delete" statement to a "select \*". I like this better than using a transaction because I don't have to worry about locking. |
465,096 | Hello we have an SQL server application running over a low bandwith connection.
We use ADO.NET.
I was wondering if anybody has any tips on minimizing traffic over the channel.
Im looking for answers on ADO.NET/SQL-Server specific tips that make it more efficient.
Not obvious answers like "dont fetch many records".
En example for MySql would be "enable comptression=true" in the connection string.
I'm cannot find anything on transport layer compression in SQL server.
Do any of you people have experience with this ?
Are there important do's and dont's that we must know ?
Thanks in advance.. | 2009/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/465096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44894/"
] | When deleting:
```
BEGIN TRANSACTION
DELETE FROM table1
OUTPUT deleted.*
WHERE property1 = 99
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
```
When updating/inserting:
```
BEGIN TRANSACTION
UPDATE table1
SET table1.property1 = 99
OUTPUT inserted.*
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
``` | When you are in the context of the transaction, you can rollback changes any time before the transaction is committed. (Either by calling commit tran explicitly or if a condition arises that will cause the server to implicitly commit the transaction)
```
create table x (id int, val varchar(10))
insert into x values (1,'xxx')
begin tran
delete from x
select * from x
rollback tran
select * from x
``` |
465,096 | Hello we have an SQL server application running over a low bandwith connection.
We use ADO.NET.
I was wondering if anybody has any tips on minimizing traffic over the channel.
Im looking for answers on ADO.NET/SQL-Server specific tips that make it more efficient.
Not obvious answers like "dont fetch many records".
En example for MySql would be "enable comptression=true" in the connection string.
I'm cannot find anything on transport layer compression in SQL server.
Do any of you people have experience with this ?
Are there important do's and dont's that we must know ?
Thanks in advance.. | 2009/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/465096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44894/"
] | I would use the OUTPUT clause present in SQL SERVER 2008 onwards...
[**OUTPUT Clause (Transact-SQL)**](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms177564.aspx)
Something like...
```
BEGIN TRANSACTION
DELETE [table] OUTPUT deleted.* WHERE [woof]
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
```
INSERTs and UPDATEs can use the 'inserted' table too. The MSDN article covers it all.
**EDIT:**
This is just like other suggestions of SELECT then DELETE inside a transaction, except that it actually does both together. So you open a transaction, delete/insert/update with an OUTPUT clause, and the changes are made while ALSO outputting what was done. Then you can choose to rollback or commit. | I live in fear of someone doing this to my databases so I always ask my Team to do something like the following:
```
BEGIN TRAN
DELETE FROM X
-- SELECT * FROM X
FROM Table A as X JOIN Table B ON Blah blah blah
WHERE blah blah blah
ROLLBACK TRAN
COMMIT TRAN
```
In this way, if you accidentally hit F5 (done it!) you'll do no changes. You can highlight the SELECT part through the end of the SQL statement to see what records will be changed (and how many). Then, highlight the BEGIN TRAN and entire Delete statement and run it. If you delete the same number of records you expected, highlight the COMMIT TRAN and run it. If anything looks wonky, highlight the ROLLBACK TRAN and run it.
I do this with any UPDATE or DELETE statement. It's saved me a couple times, but it ALWAYS provides peace of mind. |
465,096 | Hello we have an SQL server application running over a low bandwith connection.
We use ADO.NET.
I was wondering if anybody has any tips on minimizing traffic over the channel.
Im looking for answers on ADO.NET/SQL-Server specific tips that make it more efficient.
Not obvious answers like "dont fetch many records".
En example for MySql would be "enable comptression=true" in the connection string.
I'm cannot find anything on transport layer compression in SQL server.
Do any of you people have experience with this ?
Are there important do's and dont's that we must know ?
Thanks in advance.. | 2009/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/465096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44894/"
] | I would use the OUTPUT clause present in SQL SERVER 2008 onwards...
[**OUTPUT Clause (Transact-SQL)**](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms177564.aspx)
Something like...
```
BEGIN TRANSACTION
DELETE [table] OUTPUT deleted.* WHERE [woof]
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
```
INSERTs and UPDATEs can use the 'inserted' table too. The MSDN article covers it all.
**EDIT:**
This is just like other suggestions of SELECT then DELETE inside a transaction, except that it actually does both together. So you open a transaction, delete/insert/update with an OUTPUT clause, and the changes are made while ALSO outputting what was done. Then you can choose to rollback or commit. | When I want to see what will be deleted, I just change the "delete" statement to a "select \*". I like this better than using a transaction because I don't have to worry about locking. |
465,096 | Hello we have an SQL server application running over a low bandwith connection.
We use ADO.NET.
I was wondering if anybody has any tips on minimizing traffic over the channel.
Im looking for answers on ADO.NET/SQL-Server specific tips that make it more efficient.
Not obvious answers like "dont fetch many records".
En example for MySql would be "enable comptression=true" in the connection string.
I'm cannot find anything on transport layer compression in SQL server.
Do any of you people have experience with this ?
Are there important do's and dont's that we must know ?
Thanks in advance.. | 2009/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/465096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44894/"
] | I would use the OUTPUT clause present in SQL SERVER 2008 onwards...
[**OUTPUT Clause (Transact-SQL)**](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms177564.aspx)
Something like...
```
BEGIN TRANSACTION
DELETE [table] OUTPUT deleted.* WHERE [woof]
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
```
INSERTs and UPDATEs can use the 'inserted' table too. The MSDN article covers it all.
**EDIT:**
This is just like other suggestions of SELECT then DELETE inside a transaction, except that it actually does both together. So you open a transaction, delete/insert/update with an OUTPUT clause, and the changes are made while ALSO outputting what was done. Then you can choose to rollback or commit. | When deleting:
```
BEGIN TRANSACTION
DELETE FROM table1
OUTPUT deleted.*
WHERE property1 = 99
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
```
When updating/inserting:
```
BEGIN TRANSACTION
UPDATE table1
SET table1.property1 = 99
OUTPUT inserted.*
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
``` |
465,096 | Hello we have an SQL server application running over a low bandwith connection.
We use ADO.NET.
I was wondering if anybody has any tips on minimizing traffic over the channel.
Im looking for answers on ADO.NET/SQL-Server specific tips that make it more efficient.
Not obvious answers like "dont fetch many records".
En example for MySql would be "enable comptression=true" in the connection string.
I'm cannot find anything on transport layer compression in SQL server.
Do any of you people have experience with this ?
Are there important do's and dont's that we must know ?
Thanks in advance.. | 2009/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/465096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44894/"
] | I live in fear of someone doing this to my databases so I always ask my Team to do something like the following:
```
BEGIN TRAN
DELETE FROM X
-- SELECT * FROM X
FROM Table A as X JOIN Table B ON Blah blah blah
WHERE blah blah blah
ROLLBACK TRAN
COMMIT TRAN
```
In this way, if you accidentally hit F5 (done it!) you'll do no changes. You can highlight the SELECT part through the end of the SQL statement to see what records will be changed (and how many). Then, highlight the BEGIN TRAN and entire Delete statement and run it. If you delete the same number of records you expected, highlight the COMMIT TRAN and run it. If anything looks wonky, highlight the ROLLBACK TRAN and run it.
I do this with any UPDATE or DELETE statement. It's saved me a couple times, but it ALWAYS provides peace of mind. | When I want to see what will be deleted, I just change the "delete" statement to a "select \*". I like this better than using a transaction because I don't have to worry about locking. |
465,096 | Hello we have an SQL server application running over a low bandwith connection.
We use ADO.NET.
I was wondering if anybody has any tips on minimizing traffic over the channel.
Im looking for answers on ADO.NET/SQL-Server specific tips that make it more efficient.
Not obvious answers like "dont fetch many records".
En example for MySql would be "enable comptression=true" in the connection string.
I'm cannot find anything on transport layer compression in SQL server.
Do any of you people have experience with this ?
Are there important do's and dont's that we must know ?
Thanks in advance.. | 2009/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/465096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44894/"
] | I live in fear of someone doing this to my databases so I always ask my Team to do something like the following:
```
BEGIN TRAN
DELETE FROM X
-- SELECT * FROM X
FROM Table A as X JOIN Table B ON Blah blah blah
WHERE blah blah blah
ROLLBACK TRAN
COMMIT TRAN
```
In this way, if you accidentally hit F5 (done it!) you'll do no changes. You can highlight the SELECT part through the end of the SQL statement to see what records will be changed (and how many). Then, highlight the BEGIN TRAN and entire Delete statement and run it. If you delete the same number of records you expected, highlight the COMMIT TRAN and run it. If anything looks wonky, highlight the ROLLBACK TRAN and run it.
I do this with any UPDATE or DELETE statement. It's saved me a couple times, but it ALWAYS provides peace of mind. | When deleting:
```
BEGIN TRANSACTION
DELETE FROM table1
OUTPUT deleted.*
WHERE property1 = 99
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
```
When updating/inserting:
```
BEGIN TRANSACTION
UPDATE table1
SET table1.property1 = 99
OUTPUT inserted.*
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
``` |
465,096 | Hello we have an SQL server application running over a low bandwith connection.
We use ADO.NET.
I was wondering if anybody has any tips on minimizing traffic over the channel.
Im looking for answers on ADO.NET/SQL-Server specific tips that make it more efficient.
Not obvious answers like "dont fetch many records".
En example for MySql would be "enable comptression=true" in the connection string.
I'm cannot find anything on transport layer compression in SQL server.
Do any of you people have experience with this ?
Are there important do's and dont's that we must know ?
Thanks in advance.. | 2009/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/465096",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/44894/"
] | When deleting:
```
BEGIN TRANSACTION
DELETE FROM table1
OUTPUT deleted.*
WHERE property1 = 99
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
```
When updating/inserting:
```
BEGIN TRANSACTION
UPDATE table1
SET table1.property1 = 99
OUTPUT inserted.*
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
``` | When I want to see what will be deleted, I just change the "delete" statement to a "select \*". I like this better than using a transaction because I don't have to worry about locking. |
41,084,005 | I have three divs red, black and green. I want red div whose height is 45mm and next black div on its right whose height is 55mm and then green div just below the red div and green div height is 50mm.
I am using the code
```
<div style="height:45mm;width:30mm;border:1mm solid red;float:left;position:relative;">
</div>
<div style="height:55mm;width:20mm;border:1mm solid black;display: inline-block;">
</div>
<div style="height:50mm;width:20mm;border:1mm solid green;">
</div>
```
But I am getting the following result:
<https://i.stack.imgur.com/wSNpW.jpg>
What I desire is:
<https://i.stack.imgur.com/4d5wn.jpg>
Thanx | 2016/12/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/41084005",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6482428/"
] | This uses a flexbox with direction of column, wrap, and tight constraints (height and width). I've used `order` to change the order of the elements, but you can just switch the order in the HTML.
```css
#container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
flex-wrap: wrap;
width: 35mm;
height: 105mm;
}
#rect1 {
height:45mm;
width:30mm;
border:1mm solid red;
}
#rect2 {
order: 1;
height:55mm;
width:20mm;
border:1mm solid black;
}
#rect3 {
height:50mm;
width:20mm;
border:1mm solid green;
}
```
```html
<div id="container">
<div id="rect1"></div>
<div id="rect2"></div>
<div id="rect3"></div>
</div>
``` | My initial reaction was *use flexbox!* But I can't actually figure out how to do what you want with `display: flex`.
I can do what you want in this exact situation with `position: relative` on the third rectangle, but I'm not sure if that's the kind of solution you're looking for:
```css
#rect1 {
height:45mm;
width:30mm;
border:1mm solid red;
float:left;
position:relative;
}
#rect2 {
height:55mm;
width:20mm;
border:1mm solid black;
display: inline-block;
}
#rect3 {
position: relative;
top: -11mm;
height:50mm;
width:20mm;
border:1mm solid green;
}
```
```html
<div id="rect1"></div>
<div id="rect2"></div>
<div id="rect3"></div>
``` |
73,667,680 | My program is loading some news article from the web. I then have an array of html documents representing these articles. I need to parse them and show on the screen only the relevant content. That includes converting all html escape sequences into readable symbols. So I need some function which is similar to `unEscape` in JavaScript.
I know there are libraries in C to parse html.
But is there some easy way to convert html escape sequences like `&` or `!` to just `&` and `!`? | 2022/09/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/73667680",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/18572447/"
] | There are several packages at CRAN that may help:
* [Ryacas](https://cran.r-project.org/package=Ryacas) interfacing yacas
* its predecessor [Ryacas0](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Ryacas0/index.html)
* [rim](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rim/index.html) interfacing maxima
* [caracas](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rim/index.html) interfacing sympy
They may all have different levels of difficulty in terms installing the underlying 'engine' but this should get you started. | It will definitely be easiest to do this numerically, if you can live with that:
```r
uniroot(function(x) 1000/(1+x)^(25/252) - 985, c(0,10))
```
However: I tried this in Wolfram Alpha, which gave me the exact result
```
x = (102400000000000000000000 2^(6/25) 5^(4/25) 197^(23/25) -
17343170265605241347130653)/17343170265605241347130653
```
and then moments later reverted to giving me the numerical approximation (x ≈ 0.164562) -- I had to quickly copy the text before it disappeared.
When I tried this with `sympy`, it quickly gave me a numerical answer:
```py
from sympy import *
x = Symbol("x")
solve(1000/((1+x)**(25/252)) - 985, x)
[0.164562487329317]
```
... but trying to get an exact solution by setting `numerical = False` was no good: it seemed to have to work fairly hard (pegged CPU at 100% for several minutes before I gave up). This is consistent with my results from `Ryacas`,
```r
library(Ryacas)
yac("Solve(1000/((1+x)^(25/252)) == 985, x)")
```
>
> Error in yac\_core(x) :
> Yacas returned this error: CommandLine(1) : Max evaluation stack depth reached.
> Please use MaxEvalDepth to increase the stack size as needed.
>
>
>
However, there is a surprising shortcut. The hard part of this problem is actually doing the deep recursion needed to unravel the (25/252) power exactly. If you're happy with a *more general* solution, you can get it quickly:
In `sympy`:
```py
a = Symbol("a")
solve(1000/((1+x)**(a)) - 985, x, numerical = False)
[-1 + 200**(1/a)/197**(1/a)]
```
For what it's worth, this looks simpler (to a human) as `-1 + (200/197)**(1/a)` (there's probably some simplification setting that would convince `sympy` to do this but ...)
This works in `caracas` (an R wrapper for `sympy`) too, once everything is set up:
```r
library(caracas)
x <- symbol('x')
a <- symbol('a')
solve_sys(1000/((1+x)^a), 985, list(x))
## Solution 1:
## x = -1
## ───
## a a _____
## -1 + 197 ⋅╲╱ 200
```
Unfortunately, the same trick doesn't seem to work for Ryacas. |
41,368,915 | I want to use sqlite with the json extension so I've installed it with homebrew. When I run `which sqlite` though, the one that is being used is the anaconda install. If I try and use pythons sqlite library I have the same issue. It's linked to the Anaconda version and the JSON functions aren't available. How do I replace this with the brew version? Brew provided some values when I installed sqlite but I don't know if I need them or how they are used.
LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib
CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include
PKG\_CONFIG\_PATH: /usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib/pkgconfig | 2016/12/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/41368915",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6862111/"
] | Sqlite installed by Homebrew is keg-only, which is not linked to /usr/local/... .
This is because system already have older version of `sqlite3`.
If you really want to invoke Homebrew's sqlite binary, specify full path as below.
```
$ /usr/local/opt/sqlite/bin/sqlite3
```
(All Homebrew package is symlinked under `/usr/local/opt`)
I'm not so familiar with python, but AFAIK sqlite is statically linked to python executable.
In other words, maybe you have to build python from source to use with Homebrew's sqlite. | The answer by **equal-l2** is correct. Also, the comment under it by **Keith John Hutchison**.
But, since they are from quite a few years ago and there is not an officially accepted answer still, here you go as this still catches you off-guard in 2022.
To fix, add this to your `~/.zshrc` file and you should be good:
```
export PATH=/usr/local/opt/sqlite/bin:$PATH
```
Remember to have $PATH at the end like the above and **not** at the beginning like so:
```
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/opt/sqlite/bin
```
as the shell traverses your $PATH for command completion left to right and stops at the first instance found and obviously you want your desired path to be considered first.
Also, you might need to run `source ~/.zshrc` and `rehash` if you want it to just start working in the same terminal session. |
3,004 | I swear that for the past couple of weeks or so the speed of responses on serverfault.com has really degraded from what it used to be. Is it time to beef that site up a little? | 2012/02/23 | [
"https://meta.serverfault.com/questions/3004",
"https://meta.serverfault.com",
"https://meta.serverfault.com/users/1592/"
] | Are you sure it's nothing at your end? I've noticed no difference here. | Where are you located?
I'm in Sydney, Australia and for the last 10 months I've had speed issues with the site - it's so "normal" now that I don't even notice them.
See my [meta.stackoverflow question here](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/92452/cdn-sstatic-net-is-slowing-down-initial-page-loads) - there's a lot of info on how to diagnose CDN issues in the answers. |
20,113,314 | I have database having hundreds of tables with relations. I want to look a db design for understanding tables relations in a single place. Any idea how I can do this?
Regards | 2013/11/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/20113314",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/966709/"
] | If it is displaying a different hour you may need to set the default timezone after setting the dateFormat (this happens only after ios7)
```
[dateFormat setTimeZone:[NSTimeZone timeZoneWithAbbreviation:@"GMT"]];
```
it seems that the default timezone is the one the device has, so if you no specify the default timezone you might get strange results. Prior to ios7 it was always GMT.
**update:**
if the `NSDate` is nil after the formatting you should probably use:
```
[dateFormat setLocale:[[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@"en_US_POSIX"]];
```
I had this issue with a Mexican iPhone, if you like your users to be happy with your app I strongly recommend always adding this code. I always use both code sniplets since IOS7 | You need to check your "Date time format" set in iPhone Default Setting (Setting -> General -> Date and Time).
if in this setting time format is set as 24 hr then u will get time in 24 hr format.
If it is set as 12 hr format then u will get 12 hr date time format.
I think in ur iPhone5 device date time setting is set as 12 Hr format |
60,942,686 | Brand new to Python and could use some help importing multiple Excel files to separate Pandas dataframes. I have successfully implemented the following code, but of course it imports everything into one frame. I would like to import them into df1, df2, df3, df4, df5, etc.
Anything helps, thank you!
```
import pandas as pd
import glob
def get_files():
directory_path = input('Enter directory path: ')
filenames = glob.glob(directory_path + '/*.xlsx')
number_of_files = len(filenames)
df = pd.DataFrame()
for f in filenames:
data = pd.read_excel(f, 'Sheet1')
df = df.append(data)
print(df)
print(number_of_files)
get_files()
``` | 2020/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/60942686",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/13160761/"
] | The easiest way to do that is to use a list. Each element of the list is a dataframe
```
def get_files():
directory_path = input('Enter directory path: ')
filenames = glob.glob(directory_path + '/*.xlsx')
number_of_files = len(filenames)
df_list = []
for f in filenames:
data = pd.read_excel(f, 'Sheet1')
df_list.append(data)
print(df_list)
print(number_of_files)
return df_list
get_files()
```
You can then access your dataframes with `df_list[0]`, `df_list[1]`... | Just as another option by Jezrael answer here <https://stackoverflow.com/a/52074347/13160821> but modified for your code.
```
from os.path import basename
def get_files():
directory_path = input('Enter directory path: ')
filenames = glob.glob(directory_path + '/*.xlsx')
number_of_files = len(filenames)
df_list = {basename(f) : pd.read_excel(f, 'Sheet1') for f in filenames}
print(number_of_files)
return df_list
get_files()
```
Which can then be accessed by the filename eg. `dfs['file_name1.xlsx']` or `dfs['some_file.xlsx']`. You can also do things like splitext to remove the xlsx from the key or use just part of the filename. |
201,164 | a few weeks ago, we setup a cronjob that wipes the entire contents of /tmp every Sunday at 5am. I wasn't really convinced that this is a good idea. Today we discovered that a certain task depended on an existing directory inside /tmp - the task was broken, and worse, it remained silence about why it failed. The question is:
Is it generally a bad idea to just wipe out /tmp? | 2010/11/12 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/201164",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/39808/"
] | It's not a bad idea to do something about stale old files in /tmp, but I'm not sure that nuking the contents is the best thing you could do.
My CentOS servers use something called tmpwatch, which runs daily and can be configured to remove only files that haven't been accessed in a certain period (30 days is a popular delay), or modified in a certain period; it can be told to leave directories alone unless they're empty, or not to touch directory files at all, or to exclude files used by a certain user (root is a popular choice).
This works well for me, and it offers enough hooks that you can tune it to do what you want. I'd recommend tmpwatch, or whatever your distro offers that's like that. | My thoughts on this is..
Yes.. dont wipe the /tmp..
Lots of strange and weird applications use the temp for buffering and temporary storage..
If the information wasnt important, it wouldnt store it there :)
Ive seen, logging buffers, webserver sessions and even library versions in there on servers..
Its best that you leave it alone.. unless it needs to be cleaned...
Hope this helps :) |
201,164 | a few weeks ago, we setup a cronjob that wipes the entire contents of /tmp every Sunday at 5am. I wasn't really convinced that this is a good idea. Today we discovered that a certain task depended on an existing directory inside /tmp - the task was broken, and worse, it remained silence about why it failed. The question is:
Is it generally a bad idea to just wipe out /tmp? | 2010/11/12 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/201164",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/39808/"
] | It depends a bit on applications and distributions. It's typically safe to wipe /tmp on reboots. Wiping it on a running system is very likely to break applications. /tmp is not meant for permanent storage, and any application using it for such is serious broken, but applications can easily leave files in /tmp for months on a system that stays online. Which is why I am a bit suspicious about tmpwatch.
In the end I only tend to look into how much is stored in /tmp when a server is running low on hard disk space. If there is plenty of HD space why bother? | My thoughts on this is..
Yes.. dont wipe the /tmp..
Lots of strange and weird applications use the temp for buffering and temporary storage..
If the information wasnt important, it wouldnt store it there :)
Ive seen, logging buffers, webserver sessions and even library versions in there on servers..
Its best that you leave it alone.. unless it needs to be cleaned...
Hope this helps :) |
201,164 | a few weeks ago, we setup a cronjob that wipes the entire contents of /tmp every Sunday at 5am. I wasn't really convinced that this is a good idea. Today we discovered that a certain task depended on an existing directory inside /tmp - the task was broken, and worse, it remained silence about why it failed. The question is:
Is it generally a bad idea to just wipe out /tmp? | 2010/11/12 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/201164",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/39808/"
] | According to [the FHS](http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html#TMPTEMPORARYFILES):
>
> Programs must not assume that any files or directories in /tmp are preserved between invocations of the program.
>
>
> Rationale
>
>
> IEEE standard P1003.2 (POSIX, part 2) makes requirements that are similar to the above section.
>
>
> Although data stored in /tmp may be deleted in a site-specific manner, it is recommended that files and directories located in /tmp be deleted whenever the system is booted.
>
>
> FHS added this recommendation on the basis of historical precedent and common practice, but did not make it a requirement because system administration is not within the scope of this standard.
>
>
>
However, this is only a recommendation, and furthermore, it states only between invocations of a program -- which unless you're rebooting your server as well at 5am on Sunday, isn't happening. So, things like lockfiles, temp sockets, etc get deleted and cause problems.
As [MadHatter](https://serverfault.com/users/55514/madhatter) suggested, use `tmpwatch`. | My thoughts on this is..
Yes.. dont wipe the /tmp..
Lots of strange and weird applications use the temp for buffering and temporary storage..
If the information wasnt important, it wouldnt store it there :)
Ive seen, logging buffers, webserver sessions and even library versions in there on servers..
Its best that you leave it alone.. unless it needs to be cleaned...
Hope this helps :) |
201,164 | a few weeks ago, we setup a cronjob that wipes the entire contents of /tmp every Sunday at 5am. I wasn't really convinced that this is a good idea. Today we discovered that a certain task depended on an existing directory inside /tmp - the task was broken, and worse, it remained silence about why it failed. The question is:
Is it generally a bad idea to just wipe out /tmp? | 2010/11/12 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/201164",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/39808/"
] | It's not a bad idea to do something about stale old files in /tmp, but I'm not sure that nuking the contents is the best thing you could do.
My CentOS servers use something called tmpwatch, which runs daily and can be configured to remove only files that haven't been accessed in a certain period (30 days is a popular delay), or modified in a certain period; it can be told to leave directories alone unless they're empty, or not to touch directory files at all, or to exclude files used by a certain user (root is a popular choice).
This works well for me, and it offers enough hooks that you can tune it to do what you want. I'd recommend tmpwatch, or whatever your distro offers that's like that. | It depends a bit on applications and distributions. It's typically safe to wipe /tmp on reboots. Wiping it on a running system is very likely to break applications. /tmp is not meant for permanent storage, and any application using it for such is serious broken, but applications can easily leave files in /tmp for months on a system that stays online. Which is why I am a bit suspicious about tmpwatch.
In the end I only tend to look into how much is stored in /tmp when a server is running low on hard disk space. If there is plenty of HD space why bother? |
201,164 | a few weeks ago, we setup a cronjob that wipes the entire contents of /tmp every Sunday at 5am. I wasn't really convinced that this is a good idea. Today we discovered that a certain task depended on an existing directory inside /tmp - the task was broken, and worse, it remained silence about why it failed. The question is:
Is it generally a bad idea to just wipe out /tmp? | 2010/11/12 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/201164",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/39808/"
] | It's not a bad idea to do something about stale old files in /tmp, but I'm not sure that nuking the contents is the best thing you could do.
My CentOS servers use something called tmpwatch, which runs daily and can be configured to remove only files that haven't been accessed in a certain period (30 days is a popular delay), or modified in a certain period; it can be told to leave directories alone unless they're empty, or not to touch directory files at all, or to exclude files used by a certain user (root is a popular choice).
This works well for me, and it offers enough hooks that you can tune it to do what you want. I'd recommend tmpwatch, or whatever your distro offers that's like that. | According to [the FHS](http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html#TMPTEMPORARYFILES):
>
> Programs must not assume that any files or directories in /tmp are preserved between invocations of the program.
>
>
> Rationale
>
>
> IEEE standard P1003.2 (POSIX, part 2) makes requirements that are similar to the above section.
>
>
> Although data stored in /tmp may be deleted in a site-specific manner, it is recommended that files and directories located in /tmp be deleted whenever the system is booted.
>
>
> FHS added this recommendation on the basis of historical precedent and common practice, but did not make it a requirement because system administration is not within the scope of this standard.
>
>
>
However, this is only a recommendation, and furthermore, it states only between invocations of a program -- which unless you're rebooting your server as well at 5am on Sunday, isn't happening. So, things like lockfiles, temp sockets, etc get deleted and cause problems.
As [MadHatter](https://serverfault.com/users/55514/madhatter) suggested, use `tmpwatch`. |
201,164 | a few weeks ago, we setup a cronjob that wipes the entire contents of /tmp every Sunday at 5am. I wasn't really convinced that this is a good idea. Today we discovered that a certain task depended on an existing directory inside /tmp - the task was broken, and worse, it remained silence about why it failed. The question is:
Is it generally a bad idea to just wipe out /tmp? | 2010/11/12 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/201164",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/39808/"
] | It depends a bit on applications and distributions. It's typically safe to wipe /tmp on reboots. Wiping it on a running system is very likely to break applications. /tmp is not meant for permanent storage, and any application using it for such is serious broken, but applications can easily leave files in /tmp for months on a system that stays online. Which is why I am a bit suspicious about tmpwatch.
In the end I only tend to look into how much is stored in /tmp when a server is running low on hard disk space. If there is plenty of HD space why bother? | According to [the FHS](http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html#TMPTEMPORARYFILES):
>
> Programs must not assume that any files or directories in /tmp are preserved between invocations of the program.
>
>
> Rationale
>
>
> IEEE standard P1003.2 (POSIX, part 2) makes requirements that are similar to the above section.
>
>
> Although data stored in /tmp may be deleted in a site-specific manner, it is recommended that files and directories located in /tmp be deleted whenever the system is booted.
>
>
> FHS added this recommendation on the basis of historical precedent and common practice, but did not make it a requirement because system administration is not within the scope of this standard.
>
>
>
However, this is only a recommendation, and furthermore, it states only between invocations of a program -- which unless you're rebooting your server as well at 5am on Sunday, isn't happening. So, things like lockfiles, temp sockets, etc get deleted and cause problems.
As [MadHatter](https://serverfault.com/users/55514/madhatter) suggested, use `tmpwatch`. |
56,406,047 | I have a table view which has card kind of cells as shown in picture.
I have set the content Inset so that I can get the cells with 20px spacing in left,right and top.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zEaDl.png)
tableVw.contentInset = UIEdgeInsets(top: 20, left: 20, bottom: 0, right: 20)
Its displaying as I expected but the problem is, cells can be moved in all direction. But when I move it to right/top, it automatically comes back to original position. But when I move to left it just goes inside and don't scroll back to original position as shown in picture.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yDK1c.png)
I don't want the cells to move at all or I want the cells to come back to centre if its dragged anywhere also. Please help! | 2019/06/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/56406047",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4253261/"
] | Have a look at the [API for the datasets](https://docs.ckan.org/en/2.7/api/) that will likely be the easiest way to do this.
In the meantime, here is how you can get the API links at id level from those pages and store the entire package info for all packages in one list, `data_sets`, and just the info of interest in another variable (`results`). Be sure to review the API documentation in case there is a better method - for example, it would be nice if ids could be submitted in batches rather than per id.
Answer below is taking advantage of the endpoint detailed in the documentation which is used to get *a full JSON representation of a dataset, resource or other object*
Taking the current first result on landing page of:
**Vegetation of the Guyra 1:25000 map sheet VIS\_ID 240**.
We want the last child `a` of parent `h3` with a parent having class `.dataset-item`. In the below, the spaces between selectors are [descendant combinators](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Descendant_combinator).
```
.dataset-item h3 a:last-child
```
You can shorten this to `h3 a:last-child` for a small efficiency gain.
This relationship reliably selects all relevant links on page.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LgnmB.png)
Continuing with this example, visiting that retrieved url for first listed item, we can find the id using api endpoint (which retrieves json related to this package), via an attribute=value selector with contains, \*, operator. We know this particular api endpoint has a common string so we substring match on the `href` attribute value:
```
[href*="/api/3/action/package_show?id="]
```
The domain can vary and some retrieved links are relative so we have to test if relative and add the appropriate domain.
First page html for that match:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FJGzU.png)
---
Notes:
1. `data_sets` is a list containing all the package data for each package and is extensive. I did this in case you are interest in looking at what is in those packages (besides reviewing the API documentation)
2. You can get total number of pages from soup object on a page via
```
num_pages = int(soup.select('[href^="/data/dataset?page="]')[-2].text)
```
You can alter the loop for less pages.
1. Session object is used for [efficiency of re-using connection](https://2.python-requests.org/en/master/user/advanced/). I'm sure there are other improvements to be made. In particular I would look for any method which reduced the number of requests (why I mentioned looking for a batch id endpoint for example).
2. There can be none to more than one resource url within a returned package. See example [here](https://jsoneditoronline.org/?id=773bc5675faa422d988902cef6b920f6). You can edit code to handle this.
---
Python:
```
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
import requests
import csv
from urllib.parse import urlparse
json_api_links = []
data_sets = []
def get_links(s, url, css_selector):
r = s.get(url)
soup = bs(r.content, 'lxml')
base = '{uri.scheme}://{uri.netloc}'.format(uri=urlparse(url))
links = [base + item['href'] if item['href'][0] == '/' else item['href'] for item in soup.select(css_selector)]
return links
results = []
#debug = []
with requests.Session() as s:
for page in range(1,2): #you decide how many pages to loop
links = get_links(s, 'https://data.nsw.gov.au/data/dataset?page={}'.format(page), '.dataset-item h3 a:last-child')
for link in links:
data = get_links(s, link, '[href*="/api/3/action/package_show?id="]')
json_api_links.append(data)
#debug.append((link, data))
resources = list(set([item.replace('opendata','') for sublist in json_api_links for item in sublist])) #can just leave as set
for link in resources:
try:
r = s.get(link).json() #entire package info
data_sets.append(r)
title = r['result']['title'] #certain items
if 'resources' in r['result']:
urls = ' , '.join([item['url'] for item in r['result']['resources']])
else:
urls = 'N/A'
except:
title = 'N/A'
urls = 'N/A'
results.append((title, urls))
with open('data.csv','w', newline='') as f:
w = csv.writer(f)
w.writerow(['Title','Resource Url'])
for row in results:
w.writerow(row)
```
---
All pages
---------
(very long running so consider threading/asyncio):
```
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
import requests
import csv
from urllib.parse import urlparse
json_api_links = []
data_sets = []
def get_links(s, url, css_selector):
r = s.get(url)
soup = bs(r.content, 'lxml')
base = '{uri.scheme}://{uri.netloc}'.format(uri=urlparse(url))
links = [base + item['href'] if item['href'][0] == '/' else item['href'] for item in soup.select(css_selector)]
return links
results = []
#debug = []
with requests.Session() as s:
r = s.get('https://data.nsw.gov.au/data/dataset')
soup = bs(r.content, 'lxml')
num_pages = int(soup.select('[href^="/data/dataset?page="]')[-2].text)
links = [item['href'] for item in soup.select('.dataset-item h3 a:last-child')]
for link in links:
data = get_links(s, link, '[href*="/api/3/action/package_show?id="]')
json_api_links.append(data)
#debug.append((link, data))
if num_pages > 1:
for page in range(1, num_pages + 1): #you decide how many pages to loop
links = get_links(s, 'https://data.nsw.gov.au/data/dataset?page={}'.format(page), '.dataset-item h3 a:last-child')
for link in links:
data = get_links(s, link, '[href*="/api/3/action/package_show?id="]')
json_api_links.append(data)
#debug.append((link, data))
resources = list(set([item.replace('opendata','') for sublist in json_api_links for item in sublist])) #can just leave as set
for link in resources:
try:
r = s.get(link).json() #entire package info
data_sets.append(r)
title = r['result']['title'] #certain items
if 'resources' in r['result']:
urls = ' , '.join([item['url'] for item in r['result']['resources']])
else:
urls = 'N/A'
except:
title = 'N/A'
urls = 'N/A'
results.append((title, urls))
with open('data.csv','w', newline='') as f:
w = csv.writer(f)
w.writerow(['Title','Resource Url'])
for row in results:
w.writerow(row)
``` | For simplicity use selenium package:
```
from selenium import webdriver
import os
# initialise browser
browser = webdriver.Chrome(os.getcwd() + '/chromedriver')
browser.get('https://data.nsw.gov.au/data/dataset')
# find all elements by xpath
get_elements = browser.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="content"]/div/div/section/div/ul/li/div/h3/a[2]')
# collect data
data = []
for item in get_elements:
data.append((item.text, item.get_attribute('href')))
```
Output:
```
('Vegetation of the Guyra 1:25000 map sheet VIS_ID 240', 'https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/vegetation-of-the-guyra-1-25000-map-sheet-vis_id-2401ee52')
('State Vegetation Type Map: Riverina Region Version v1.2 - VIS_ID 4469', 'https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/riverina-regional-native-vegetation-map-version-v1-0-vis_id-4449')
('Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone (THPSS) spatial distribution maps...', 'https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/temperate-highland-peat-swamps-on-sandstone-thpss-vegetation-maps-vis-ids-4480-to-4485')
('Environmental Planning Instrument - Flood', 'https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/opendata/dataset/epi-flood')
and so on
``` |
59,837,873 | I have a problem that should be easy to solve but I simply cannot figure it out. I have a huge dataset with groups and a variable. Some groups are empty for this variable (filled only with NAs) and some contains values but also NAs.
For example:
```
ID <- c("A1","A1","A1","A1","B1","B1","B1","B1", "B1", "C1", "C1", "C1")
Value1 <- c(0,2,1,1,NA,1,1,NA,1,NA,NA,NA)
data <- data.frame(ID, Value1)
```
I would like to change all NAs to zeros but only in groups that otherwise contain information.
So like this:
```
ID <- c("A1","A1","A1","A1","B1","B1","B1","B1","B1","C1","C1","C1")
Value1 <- c(0,2,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,NA,NA,NA)
```
I tried to use group\_by(ID) and "replace" with the condition max(Value1)>=0 but either max() doesn't work as a condition or it doesn't work with NAs. Unfortunately I would need this kind of conditioning often in my work so I would also appreciate any suggestions on which are the best packages to treat groups selectively. | 2020/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/59837873",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/9804952/"
] | You can use a simple if` statement, i.e.
```
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
data %>%
group_by(ID) %>%
mutate(Value1 = if (all(is.na(Value1))){Value1}else{replace_na(Value1, 0)})
```
which gives,
>
>
> ```
> # A tibble: 12 x 2
> # Groups: ID [3]
> ID Value1
> <fct> <dbl>
> 1 A1 0
> 2 A1 2
> 3 A1 1
> 4 A1 1
> 5 B1 0
> 6 B1 1
> 7 B1 1
> 8 B1 0
> 9 B1 1
> 10 C1 NA
> 11 C1 NA
> 12 C1 NA
>
> ```
>
> | Here is a base R solution
```
dfout <- Reduce(rbind,
lapply(split(data,data$ID),
function(v) {if (!all(is.na(v$Value1))) v$Value1[is.na(v$Value1)]<- 0; v}))
```
such that
```
> dfout
ID Value1
1 A1 0
2 A1 2
3 A1 1
4 A1 1
5 B1 0
6 B1 1
7 B1 1
8 B1 0
9 B1 1
10 C1 NA
11 C1 NA
12 C1 NA
``` |
59,837,873 | I have a problem that should be easy to solve but I simply cannot figure it out. I have a huge dataset with groups and a variable. Some groups are empty for this variable (filled only with NAs) and some contains values but also NAs.
For example:
```
ID <- c("A1","A1","A1","A1","B1","B1","B1","B1", "B1", "C1", "C1", "C1")
Value1 <- c(0,2,1,1,NA,1,1,NA,1,NA,NA,NA)
data <- data.frame(ID, Value1)
```
I would like to change all NAs to zeros but only in groups that otherwise contain information.
So like this:
```
ID <- c("A1","A1","A1","A1","B1","B1","B1","B1","B1","C1","C1","C1")
Value1 <- c(0,2,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,NA,NA,NA)
```
I tried to use group\_by(ID) and "replace" with the condition max(Value1)>=0 but either max() doesn't work as a condition or it doesn't work with NAs. Unfortunately I would need this kind of conditioning often in my work so I would also appreciate any suggestions on which are the best packages to treat groups selectively. | 2020/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/59837873",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/9804952/"
] | You can use a simple if` statement, i.e.
```
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
data %>%
group_by(ID) %>%
mutate(Value1 = if (all(is.na(Value1))){Value1}else{replace_na(Value1, 0)})
```
which gives,
>
>
> ```
> # A tibble: 12 x 2
> # Groups: ID [3]
> ID Value1
> <fct> <dbl>
> 1 A1 0
> 2 A1 2
> 3 A1 1
> 4 A1 1
> 5 B1 0
> 6 B1 1
> 7 B1 1
> 8 B1 0
> 9 B1 1
> 10 C1 NA
> 11 C1 NA
> 12 C1 NA
>
> ```
>
> | With `dplyr`:
```
data %>%
group_by(ID) %>%
mutate(Value1 = ifelse(any(!is.na(Value1)) & is.na(Value1), 0, Value1))
# A tibble: 12 x 2
# Groups: ID [3]
ID Value1
<fct> <dbl>
1 A1 0
2 A1 2
3 A1 1
4 A1 1
5 B1 0
6 B1 1
7 B1 1
8 B1 0
9 B1 1
10 C1 NA
11 C1 NA
12 C1 NA
``` |
59,837,873 | I have a problem that should be easy to solve but I simply cannot figure it out. I have a huge dataset with groups and a variable. Some groups are empty for this variable (filled only with NAs) and some contains values but also NAs.
For example:
```
ID <- c("A1","A1","A1","A1","B1","B1","B1","B1", "B1", "C1", "C1", "C1")
Value1 <- c(0,2,1,1,NA,1,1,NA,1,NA,NA,NA)
data <- data.frame(ID, Value1)
```
I would like to change all NAs to zeros but only in groups that otherwise contain information.
So like this:
```
ID <- c("A1","A1","A1","A1","B1","B1","B1","B1","B1","C1","C1","C1")
Value1 <- c(0,2,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,NA,NA,NA)
```
I tried to use group\_by(ID) and "replace" with the condition max(Value1)>=0 but either max() doesn't work as a condition or it doesn't work with NAs. Unfortunately I would need this kind of conditioning often in my work so I would also appreciate any suggestions on which are the best packages to treat groups selectively. | 2020/01/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/59837873",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/9804952/"
] | You can use a simple if` statement, i.e.
```
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
data %>%
group_by(ID) %>%
mutate(Value1 = if (all(is.na(Value1))){Value1}else{replace_na(Value1, 0)})
```
which gives,
>
>
> ```
> # A tibble: 12 x 2
> # Groups: ID [3]
> ID Value1
> <fct> <dbl>
> 1 A1 0
> 2 A1 2
> 3 A1 1
> 4 A1 1
> 5 B1 0
> 6 B1 1
> 7 B1 1
> 8 B1 0
> 9 B1 1
> 10 C1 NA
> 11 C1 NA
> 12 C1 NA
>
> ```
>
> | Using `data.table`
```
setDT(data)
data[, Value1 := if (all(is.na(Value1))) NA else replace(Value1, is.na(Value1), 0), by = ID]
ID Value1
1: A1 0
2: A1 2
3: A1 1
4: A1 1
5: B1 0
6: B1 1
7: B1 1
8: B1 0
9: B1 1
10: C1 NA
11: C1 NA
12: C1 NA
``` |
2,914 | Specifically for the SpaceX SES-8 mission going on right now. But, generally, how long does it take for a satellite to reach GEO at a minimum? | 2013/11/25 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/2914",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/603/"
] | In theory, the shortest practical time from spacecraft separation would be about five and a quarter hours, which is half of a geosynchronous transfer orbit. At apogee, which is carefully placed to occur over the equator, a single burn raises the perigee and changes the inclination of the orbit, and you're there. All early GEO birds used this approach, and many launches still do, especially from near the equator (Ariane, Sea Launch).
SES-8 went to a supersynchronous transfer orbit, which allows for much lower $\Delta V$ to change the inclination, since the spacecraft is going so much slower at apogee. It would be 1800 m/s from GTO, but it's 1500 m/s from SSTO. That includes some inclination assistance from the Falcon upper stage, which reduced the inclination from 28° in the parking orbit to 20.75° in SSTO. The SSTO in this case is 295 km x 80000 km.
The SSTO approach takes longer, and there are several maneuvers required. But it is usually well worth it to save that fuel for extending the useful life of the spacecraft. Lifetime is money. A supersynchronous transfer orbit was first used in 1992. SES-8 will perform five maneuvers over two weeks to get into GEO. | **Less than 30 minutes**
>
> Falcon 9’s second stage single Merlin vacuum engine ignited at 185
> seconds after launch to begin a five minute, 20 second burn to deliver
> SES-8 into a temporary parking orbit. Eighteen minutes after injecting
> SES-8 into that orbit, the second stage engine reignited for just over
> a minute to carry the satellite to its final GTO.
>
>
> Source: [RedOrbit](http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1113019268/spacex-launches-ses-8-satellite-geostationary-transfer-orbit-120413/)
>
>
>
Best performance.. |
68,473,791 | ```
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a=0 , b=0;
cin>>a>>b;
for(int i = a+1;i < b;i++){
int counter = 0;
for(int j = 2;j <= i / 2;j++){
if(i % j == 0){
counter++;
break;
}
}
if(counter == 0 && i!= 1){
cout<<i<<",";
}
}
return 0;
}
```
How to remove the last comma from this code? I think we have to add 1 if statement but I don't know what should I do... please help me thanks | 2021/07/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/68473791",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16497151/"
] | You haven't provided any code so, I may not give you exact answer but you can try this:
```
st={'captchaId': '67561984031', 'code': '03AGdBq26D5XwT-p6LuAwftuZ3gUcvj0dB7lhZUT7OOfKIZU_wZzN03CCVZAaRGzzD0rXVbsJOjTBN1Ed2d0v0X6Tl2wQQPbT_R1lRHOkh5FFU46MN3tfVbajIFyZfZHUHZAt_h-5yY0cVqfJTy1_fwebyr-ilN_N1R04214z9WVXg9-cuSYJD9a2cpDNknXhvVjLxIfmVGgW9dJlouGCxZ0QbJxodRNUkQBXQTLr7DI1h-uJINlVzKvq4XguuChbQ0k2s1PrbEQK_Ir15-cAfPmldrJT5gEfjFAyBedn2Syum6axx_PRhVouXHpSKpx7-65Cw1FeBiUZ-IUSt_-E2i8NgUBXYpGt9nMIglKSSiFfO0nLcbOJuwbOObt5LvCPgfPhy2Uss9yz19F-e6GlGUuFgc7dODLN91fKUXCEmW9XG_FonSd2XV3k'}
st=dict(st)
print(st["code"])
```
And if it is response from `requests` then you may do this:
```
response=requests.get()
response=response.json()
#or response=requests.get().json()
print(response["code"])
``` | That looks like a dictionary, so you can just access the terms like you would in a dictionary.
eg.
```py
dict = {
'firstkey': 'firstvalue',
'secondkey': 'secondvalue'
}
```
so if you call `dict[firstkey]`, it would return `firstvalue`.
In your case, you can just save that into `var` and access it through `var[code]` |
68,473,791 | ```
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a=0 , b=0;
cin>>a>>b;
for(int i = a+1;i < b;i++){
int counter = 0;
for(int j = 2;j <= i / 2;j++){
if(i % j == 0){
counter++;
break;
}
}
if(counter == 0 && i!= 1){
cout<<i<<",";
}
}
return 0;
}
```
How to remove the last comma from this code? I think we have to add 1 if statement but I don't know what should I do... please help me thanks | 2021/07/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/68473791",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16497151/"
] | You haven't provided any code so, I may not give you exact answer but you can try this:
```
st={'captchaId': '67561984031', 'code': '03AGdBq26D5XwT-p6LuAwftuZ3gUcvj0dB7lhZUT7OOfKIZU_wZzN03CCVZAaRGzzD0rXVbsJOjTBN1Ed2d0v0X6Tl2wQQPbT_R1lRHOkh5FFU46MN3tfVbajIFyZfZHUHZAt_h-5yY0cVqfJTy1_fwebyr-ilN_N1R04214z9WVXg9-cuSYJD9a2cpDNknXhvVjLxIfmVGgW9dJlouGCxZ0QbJxodRNUkQBXQTLr7DI1h-uJINlVzKvq4XguuChbQ0k2s1PrbEQK_Ir15-cAfPmldrJT5gEfjFAyBedn2Syum6axx_PRhVouXHpSKpx7-65Cw1FeBiUZ-IUSt_-E2i8NgUBXYpGt9nMIglKSSiFfO0nLcbOJuwbOObt5LvCPgfPhy2Uss9yz19F-e6GlGUuFgc7dODLN91fKUXCEmW9XG_FonSd2XV3k'}
st=dict(st)
print(st["code"])
```
And if it is response from `requests` then you may do this:
```
response=requests.get()
response=response.json()
#or response=requests.get().json()
print(response["code"])
``` | Have a look at the [json](https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html) library for python. If you are reading the response from a file you can do something like:
```
import json
with open("/tmp/test.json", "r") as src_json:
src=json.load(src_json)
print(src["code"])
``` |
32,037 | I'm using a tablet with Android 2.2. Is there something like `Tab` to switch to the next form field? | 2012/10/19 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/32037",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/18840/"
] | Is this what you are looking for [paid app]: <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vmlite.vncserver&hl=en>
However, if you are willing to go through a lengthy process [but free], you can follow the tutorial [here](http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/42491/how-to-remote-view-and-control-your-android-phone/) to access your phone via PC. | Give [androidscreencast](http://code.google.com/p/androidscreencast/) a try. You may already need to have USB Debugging enabled for it to work, but you've said you already have that enabled, so should be ok. It just needs a USB connection to the phone and goes over the ADB protocol. |
32,037 | I'm using a tablet with Android 2.2. Is there something like `Tab` to switch to the next form field? | 2012/10/19 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/32037",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/18840/"
] | Is this what you are looking for [paid app]: <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vmlite.vncserver&hl=en>
However, if you are willing to go through a lengthy process [but free], you can follow the tutorial [here](http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/42491/how-to-remote-view-and-control-your-android-phone/) to access your phone via PC. | Use a USB-OTG cable to connect a mouse. You can even make your own by cutting and soldering a microUSB cable to the female end of a USB extension cable. |
32,037 | I'm using a tablet with Android 2.2. Is there something like `Tab` to switch to the next form field? | 2012/10/19 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/32037",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/18840/"
] | Is this what you are looking for [paid app]: <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vmlite.vncserver&hl=en>
However, if you are willing to go through a lengthy process [but free], you can follow the tutorial [here](http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/42491/how-to-remote-view-and-control-your-android-phone/) to access your phone via PC. | Scrcpy is awesome!
It uses adb directly for backend and it doesn't block those remote screen restricted apps too. And since it's adb. You can remote control via same network wirelessly.
For linux users. It's available on most of package managers. |
32,037 | I'm using a tablet with Android 2.2. Is there something like `Tab` to switch to the next form field? | 2012/10/19 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/32037",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/18840/"
] | Give [androidscreencast](http://code.google.com/p/androidscreencast/) a try. You may already need to have USB Debugging enabled for it to work, but you've said you already have that enabled, so should be ok. It just needs a USB connection to the phone and goes over the ADB protocol. | Use a USB-OTG cable to connect a mouse. You can even make your own by cutting and soldering a microUSB cable to the female end of a USB extension cable. |
32,037 | I'm using a tablet with Android 2.2. Is there something like `Tab` to switch to the next form field? | 2012/10/19 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/32037",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/18840/"
] | Give [androidscreencast](http://code.google.com/p/androidscreencast/) a try. You may already need to have USB Debugging enabled for it to work, but you've said you already have that enabled, so should be ok. It just needs a USB connection to the phone and goes over the ADB protocol. | Scrcpy is awesome!
It uses adb directly for backend and it doesn't block those remote screen restricted apps too. And since it's adb. You can remote control via same network wirelessly.
For linux users. It's available on most of package managers. |
32,037 | I'm using a tablet with Android 2.2. Is there something like `Tab` to switch to the next form field? | 2012/10/19 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/32037",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/18840/"
] | Use a USB-OTG cable to connect a mouse. You can even make your own by cutting and soldering a microUSB cable to the female end of a USB extension cable. | Scrcpy is awesome!
It uses adb directly for backend and it doesn't block those remote screen restricted apps too. And since it's adb. You can remote control via same network wirelessly.
For linux users. It's available on most of package managers. |
26,697,879 | I have a "rawqueryset" object that its fields can be vary in term of some business rules. How can I access to its count and name of fields in corresponding template?
View.py
```
objs=MyModel.objects.raw(sql)
return list(objs)
```
template.py
```
{%for obj in objs%}
{{obj.?}}
{{obj.?}}
.
?
{%endfor%}
``` | 2014/11/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/26697879",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1843934/"
] | I solved this issue using two filters:
template.py:
```
{% load my_tags %}
{%for obj in objs%}
{%for key in obj|get_dict %}
{% with d=obj|get_dict %}
{{key}} - {{ d|get_val:key }}
{% endwith %}
{%endfor%}
{%endfor%}
```
my\_tags.py:
```
@register.filter(name='get_dict')
def get_dict(v):
return v.__dict__
@register.filter(name='get_val')
def get_val(value, arg):
return value[arg]
``` | Must be honest, I'm not sure about the properties of a `RawQuerySet`. If it was a normal `QuerySet`, I'd try this.
```
{% for obj in objs.values %}
{% for key, val in values.items %}
{{ key }}: {{ val }}
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
```
Does that do the trick? |
17,254,122 | I'm making a core data model, and I have a Client entity that has a to-many relationship to an Appointment entity. An Appointment can turn into a Transaction (if it has been paid for etc.), and I need to keep track of the Appointments of Clients that have turned into Transactions (where Transaction is an entity along with other attributes). A Client can have multiple Transactions, and a Transaction can have multiple Clients (optional). If I put a relationship between Transaction and Client, then I don't think there's a way I can detect which of the appointments have turned into transactions and which haven't...
Any help as to how I can set my model up to do this would be appreciated.
Thanks | 2013/06/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17254122",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/362840/"
] | Use the trigger function....
So attach the click handler...
```
$('.test').on('click', function() {
$(this).toggleClass("btn-danger btn-success");
});
```
Then in your ajax success function....trigger that click...
```
$('.test').trigger('click');
```
But determining which one to trigger will be the trick.
How do you know which one to click, based on the ajax????
If you're just doing an ajax call, based on which link you cick then the solution is much simpler.......cuz you already know which link was clicked
```
$('.test').click(function() {
var link = $(this);
$.ajax(url, {
success: function() {
link.toggleClass("btn-danger btn-success");
}
});
});
``` | Is it not possible to give each of these an ID so you can access them directly?
If you are triggering them on a callback function can you create a reference to the clicked div in a variable?
i.e.
```
var clicked;
$('.test').click(function(){
clicked = $(this);
});
```
then in your ajax response:
```
clicked.toggleClass("btn-danger btn-success");
``` |
17,254,122 | I'm making a core data model, and I have a Client entity that has a to-many relationship to an Appointment entity. An Appointment can turn into a Transaction (if it has been paid for etc.), and I need to keep track of the Appointments of Clients that have turned into Transactions (where Transaction is an entity along with other attributes). A Client can have multiple Transactions, and a Transaction can have multiple Clients (optional). If I put a relationship between Transaction and Client, then I don't think there's a way I can detect which of the appointments have turned into transactions and which haven't...
Any help as to how I can set my model up to do this would be appreciated.
Thanks | 2013/06/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17254122",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/362840/"
] | It sounds like the ajax call is made when one of the elements is clicked, but you need to pass different values in the ajax call depending on which element is clicked. Rather than use an "onclick" attribute, you could do the following:
HTML:
```
<div class="test" data-param1="value1a" data-param2="value2a">hi</div>
<div class="test" data-param1="value1b" data-param2="value2b">hey</div>
<div class="test" data-param1="value1c" data-param2="value2c">yo</div>
<div class="test" data-param1="value1d" data-param2="value2d">What's up</div>
```
JavaScript:
```
$('.test').click(function() {
var $div = $(this);
$.ajax(url, {
data: {
param1: $div.attr('data-param1'),
param2: $div.attr('data-param2')
},
success: function() {
$div.toggleClass("btn-danger btn-success");
}
});
});
```
Of course, you would set the values of the `data-` attributes using PHP variables. | Use the trigger function....
So attach the click handler...
```
$('.test').on('click', function() {
$(this).toggleClass("btn-danger btn-success");
});
```
Then in your ajax success function....trigger that click...
```
$('.test').trigger('click');
```
But determining which one to trigger will be the trick.
How do you know which one to click, based on the ajax????
If you're just doing an ajax call, based on which link you cick then the solution is much simpler.......cuz you already know which link was clicked
```
$('.test').click(function() {
var link = $(this);
$.ajax(url, {
success: function() {
link.toggleClass("btn-danger btn-success");
}
});
});
``` |
17,254,122 | I'm making a core data model, and I have a Client entity that has a to-many relationship to an Appointment entity. An Appointment can turn into a Transaction (if it has been paid for etc.), and I need to keep track of the Appointments of Clients that have turned into Transactions (where Transaction is an entity along with other attributes). A Client can have multiple Transactions, and a Transaction can have multiple Clients (optional). If I put a relationship between Transaction and Client, then I don't think there's a way I can detect which of the appointments have turned into transactions and which haven't...
Any help as to how I can set my model up to do this would be appreciated.
Thanks | 2013/06/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17254122",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/362840/"
] | It sounds like the ajax call is made when one of the elements is clicked, but you need to pass different values in the ajax call depending on which element is clicked. Rather than use an "onclick" attribute, you could do the following:
HTML:
```
<div class="test" data-param1="value1a" data-param2="value2a">hi</div>
<div class="test" data-param1="value1b" data-param2="value2b">hey</div>
<div class="test" data-param1="value1c" data-param2="value2c">yo</div>
<div class="test" data-param1="value1d" data-param2="value2d">What's up</div>
```
JavaScript:
```
$('.test').click(function() {
var $div = $(this);
$.ajax(url, {
data: {
param1: $div.attr('data-param1'),
param2: $div.attr('data-param2')
},
success: function() {
$div.toggleClass("btn-danger btn-success");
}
});
});
```
Of course, you would set the values of the `data-` attributes using PHP variables. | Is it not possible to give each of these an ID so you can access them directly?
If you are triggering them on a callback function can you create a reference to the clicked div in a variable?
i.e.
```
var clicked;
$('.test').click(function(){
clicked = $(this);
});
```
then in your ajax response:
```
clicked.toggleClass("btn-danger btn-success");
``` |
17,254,122 | I'm making a core data model, and I have a Client entity that has a to-many relationship to an Appointment entity. An Appointment can turn into a Transaction (if it has been paid for etc.), and I need to keep track of the Appointments of Clients that have turned into Transactions (where Transaction is an entity along with other attributes). A Client can have multiple Transactions, and a Transaction can have multiple Clients (optional). If I put a relationship between Transaction and Client, then I don't think there's a way I can detect which of the appointments have turned into transactions and which haven't...
Any help as to how I can set my model up to do this would be appreciated.
Thanks | 2013/06/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17254122",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/362840/"
] | ```
$('.test').click(function(){
clicked = $(this);
});
```
The above code returns an array of a single item. So use index 0 to select it as below:
```
$('.test').click(function(){
clicked = $(this)[0];
});
``` | Is it not possible to give each of these an ID so you can access them directly?
If you are triggering them on a callback function can you create a reference to the clicked div in a variable?
i.e.
```
var clicked;
$('.test').click(function(){
clicked = $(this);
});
```
then in your ajax response:
```
clicked.toggleClass("btn-danger btn-success");
``` |
17,254,122 | I'm making a core data model, and I have a Client entity that has a to-many relationship to an Appointment entity. An Appointment can turn into a Transaction (if it has been paid for etc.), and I need to keep track of the Appointments of Clients that have turned into Transactions (where Transaction is an entity along with other attributes). A Client can have multiple Transactions, and a Transaction can have multiple Clients (optional). If I put a relationship between Transaction and Client, then I don't think there's a way I can detect which of the appointments have turned into transactions and which haven't...
Any help as to how I can set my model up to do this would be appreciated.
Thanks | 2013/06/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17254122",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/362840/"
] | It sounds like the ajax call is made when one of the elements is clicked, but you need to pass different values in the ajax call depending on which element is clicked. Rather than use an "onclick" attribute, you could do the following:
HTML:
```
<div class="test" data-param1="value1a" data-param2="value2a">hi</div>
<div class="test" data-param1="value1b" data-param2="value2b">hey</div>
<div class="test" data-param1="value1c" data-param2="value2c">yo</div>
<div class="test" data-param1="value1d" data-param2="value2d">What's up</div>
```
JavaScript:
```
$('.test').click(function() {
var $div = $(this);
$.ajax(url, {
data: {
param1: $div.attr('data-param1'),
param2: $div.attr('data-param2')
},
success: function() {
$div.toggleClass("btn-danger btn-success");
}
});
});
```
Of course, you would set the values of the `data-` attributes using PHP variables. | ```
$('.test').click(function(){
clicked = $(this);
});
```
The above code returns an array of a single item. So use index 0 to select it as below:
```
$('.test').click(function(){
clicked = $(this)[0];
});
``` |
608,991 | I have setup a Remote Desktop Gateway server using Windows Server 2012 R2. I am using the Remote Desktop Gateway as an intermediary between to provide the remote desktop session over 443 since 3389 is blocked at many client locations.
However, I ran into a problem with a client who's network seems to be using an web proxy.
Is is possible to configure Remote Desktop to connect via web proxy? If so, how? If not does any one have any suggestions on how to provide a Remote Desktop session via 443 over proxy for situations where you don't control the client's PC or network? Does RemoteApps allow for access via web proxy when using RD Gateway?
The error message is below:
**Your computer can't connect to the remote computer because the web proxy server requires authentication. To allow unauthenticated traffic to an RD Gateway server through your web proxy server, contact your network administrator.**
Thanks for any help! | 2014/06/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/608991",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/228593/"
] | As of 2008 [a Microsoft employee indicated there was "no official way" to accomplish this](http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windowsserver/en-US/a341fda4-10ef-4c4c-8646-3ff10bea3a38/connecting-to-ts-gateway-through-a-web-proxy?forum=winserverTS). Given the six intervening years you'd like to think there has been progress, but I'm not seeing that there has been.
If I were in your situation I'd try to find a small Win32 HTTP/HTTPS proxy that can be "pointed" at an upstream proxy and configured to provide authentication. I don't have an immediate recommendation for such a thing. (I'd probably just throw something together with Perl or Python, personally.) | Another option is to use an SSH tunnel. PuTTY, to name names, has an easily-configured proxy option, so it can work through the proxy server and then provide a local tunnel through which you can connect to the RDP destination.
This does assume that the client has something to login to via SSH, and more specifically something that can communicate with the RDP server. |
608,991 | I have setup a Remote Desktop Gateway server using Windows Server 2012 R2. I am using the Remote Desktop Gateway as an intermediary between to provide the remote desktop session over 443 since 3389 is blocked at many client locations.
However, I ran into a problem with a client who's network seems to be using an web proxy.
Is is possible to configure Remote Desktop to connect via web proxy? If so, how? If not does any one have any suggestions on how to provide a Remote Desktop session via 443 over proxy for situations where you don't control the client's PC or network? Does RemoteApps allow for access via web proxy when using RD Gateway?
The error message is below:
**Your computer can't connect to the remote computer because the web proxy server requires authentication. To allow unauthenticated traffic to an RD Gateway server through your web proxy server, contact your network administrator.**
Thanks for any help! | 2014/06/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/608991",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/228593/"
] | As of 2008 [a Microsoft employee indicated there was "no official way" to accomplish this](http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windowsserver/en-US/a341fda4-10ef-4c4c-8646-3ff10bea3a38/connecting-to-ts-gateway-through-a-web-proxy?forum=winserverTS). Given the six intervening years you'd like to think there has been progress, but I'm not seeing that there has been.
If I were in your situation I'd try to find a small Win32 HTTP/HTTPS proxy that can be "pointed" at an upstream proxy and configured to provide authentication. I don't have an immediate recommendation for such a thing. (I'd probably just throw something together with Perl or Python, personally.) | As Omaha's answer suggested, another option is an SSH tunnel. If you had SSH installed on your windows box [possibly not trivial] then you may be able to connect to that box, creating an SSH tunnel for a port, then connect your rdp client to that port (putty can create tunnels, or ssh can something like <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19161960/connect-with-ssh-through-a-proxy>, ex:
`ssh username@intermediary_box -o "ProxyCommand=nc -X connect -x proxy_host_name:80 %h %p" -L:3389:remote_rdp_box:3389` then point your rdp client to `localhost` like normal, I've had this way work for me over an HTTP proxy).
[FreeRDP-WebConnect](http://www.cloudbase.it/freerdp-html5-proxy-windows/) may be an option [it appears to be a web server backend to interface with RDP behind it, with HTML5 client front end] then you could open the port through to your box [whichever one it's serving on] and hopefully access that using HTTP. Assuming websockets aren't blocked. [Guacamole](http://guac-dev.org/) appears similar (you setup a service and web server on the RDP server box, it provides an HTML5 front end).
Barring that, if you have an external 3rd box (not behind any firewalls) that has an SSH server you could create a port forwarding through that intermediary box, via SSH (same mechanism <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19161960/connect-with-ssh-through-a-proxy>).
For newer RDP clients, you might be able to setup an extra RDP "gateway" then connect to that using HTTP <http://sengstar2005.hubpages.com/hub/How-to-Remote-Desktop-to-a-Terminal-Server-via-a-Web-Proxy> |
608,991 | I have setup a Remote Desktop Gateway server using Windows Server 2012 R2. I am using the Remote Desktop Gateway as an intermediary between to provide the remote desktop session over 443 since 3389 is blocked at many client locations.
However, I ran into a problem with a client who's network seems to be using an web proxy.
Is is possible to configure Remote Desktop to connect via web proxy? If so, how? If not does any one have any suggestions on how to provide a Remote Desktop session via 443 over proxy for situations where you don't control the client's PC or network? Does RemoteApps allow for access via web proxy when using RD Gateway?
The error message is below:
**Your computer can't connect to the remote computer because the web proxy server requires authentication. To allow unauthenticated traffic to an RD Gateway server through your web proxy server, contact your network administrator.**
Thanks for any help! | 2014/06/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/608991",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/228593/"
] | As of 2008 [a Microsoft employee indicated there was "no official way" to accomplish this](http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windowsserver/en-US/a341fda4-10ef-4c4c-8646-3ff10bea3a38/connecting-to-ts-gateway-through-a-web-proxy?forum=winserverTS). Given the six intervening years you'd like to think there has been progress, but I'm not seeing that there has been.
If I were in your situation I'd try to find a small Win32 HTTP/HTTPS proxy that can be "pointed" at an upstream proxy and configured to provide authentication. I don't have an immediate recommendation for such a thing. (I'd probably just throw something together with Perl or Python, personally.) | Guacamole and FreeRDP-WebConnect are Linux based gateways. For Windows Servers (I saw you are using Windows Server 2012 R2), you can try [Myrtille](https://github.com/cedrozor/myrtille), a comparable solution (equally using FreeRDP as rdp client), also open source. |
608,991 | I have setup a Remote Desktop Gateway server using Windows Server 2012 R2. I am using the Remote Desktop Gateway as an intermediary between to provide the remote desktop session over 443 since 3389 is blocked at many client locations.
However, I ran into a problem with a client who's network seems to be using an web proxy.
Is is possible to configure Remote Desktop to connect via web proxy? If so, how? If not does any one have any suggestions on how to provide a Remote Desktop session via 443 over proxy for situations where you don't control the client's PC or network? Does RemoteApps allow for access via web proxy when using RD Gateway?
The error message is below:
**Your computer can't connect to the remote computer because the web proxy server requires authentication. To allow unauthenticated traffic to an RD Gateway server through your web proxy server, contact your network administrator.**
Thanks for any help! | 2014/06/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/608991",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/228593/"
] | Another option is to use an SSH tunnel. PuTTY, to name names, has an easily-configured proxy option, so it can work through the proxy server and then provide a local tunnel through which you can connect to the RDP destination.
This does assume that the client has something to login to via SSH, and more specifically something that can communicate with the RDP server. | Guacamole and FreeRDP-WebConnect are Linux based gateways. For Windows Servers (I saw you are using Windows Server 2012 R2), you can try [Myrtille](https://github.com/cedrozor/myrtille), a comparable solution (equally using FreeRDP as rdp client), also open source. |
608,991 | I have setup a Remote Desktop Gateway server using Windows Server 2012 R2. I am using the Remote Desktop Gateway as an intermediary between to provide the remote desktop session over 443 since 3389 is blocked at many client locations.
However, I ran into a problem with a client who's network seems to be using an web proxy.
Is is possible to configure Remote Desktop to connect via web proxy? If so, how? If not does any one have any suggestions on how to provide a Remote Desktop session via 443 over proxy for situations where you don't control the client's PC or network? Does RemoteApps allow for access via web proxy when using RD Gateway?
The error message is below:
**Your computer can't connect to the remote computer because the web proxy server requires authentication. To allow unauthenticated traffic to an RD Gateway server through your web proxy server, contact your network administrator.**
Thanks for any help! | 2014/06/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/608991",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/228593/"
] | As Omaha's answer suggested, another option is an SSH tunnel. If you had SSH installed on your windows box [possibly not trivial] then you may be able to connect to that box, creating an SSH tunnel for a port, then connect your rdp client to that port (putty can create tunnels, or ssh can something like <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19161960/connect-with-ssh-through-a-proxy>, ex:
`ssh username@intermediary_box -o "ProxyCommand=nc -X connect -x proxy_host_name:80 %h %p" -L:3389:remote_rdp_box:3389` then point your rdp client to `localhost` like normal, I've had this way work for me over an HTTP proxy).
[FreeRDP-WebConnect](http://www.cloudbase.it/freerdp-html5-proxy-windows/) may be an option [it appears to be a web server backend to interface with RDP behind it, with HTML5 client front end] then you could open the port through to your box [whichever one it's serving on] and hopefully access that using HTTP. Assuming websockets aren't blocked. [Guacamole](http://guac-dev.org/) appears similar (you setup a service and web server on the RDP server box, it provides an HTML5 front end).
Barring that, if you have an external 3rd box (not behind any firewalls) that has an SSH server you could create a port forwarding through that intermediary box, via SSH (same mechanism <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19161960/connect-with-ssh-through-a-proxy>).
For newer RDP clients, you might be able to setup an extra RDP "gateway" then connect to that using HTTP <http://sengstar2005.hubpages.com/hub/How-to-Remote-Desktop-to-a-Terminal-Server-via-a-Web-Proxy> | Guacamole and FreeRDP-WebConnect are Linux based gateways. For Windows Servers (I saw you are using Windows Server 2012 R2), you can try [Myrtille](https://github.com/cedrozor/myrtille), a comparable solution (equally using FreeRDP as rdp client), also open source. |
73,315,389 | I am trying to create a new data frame using R from a larger data frame. This is a short version of my large data frame:
```
df <- data.frame(time = c(0,1,5,10,12,13,20,22,25,30,32,35,39),
t_0_1 = c(20,20,20,120,300,350,400,600,700,100,20,20,20),
t_0_2 = c(20,20,20,20,120,300,350,400,600,700,100,20,20),
t_2_1 = c(20,20,20,20,20,120,300,350,400,600,700,100,20),
t_2_2 = c(20,20,20,20,120,300,350,400,600,700,100,20,20))
```
The new data frame should have the first variable values as the number in the end of the large data frame variables name (1 and 2). The other variables name should be the number in the middle of the large data frame variables (0 and 2) and for their values I am trying to filter the values greater than 300 for each variable and calculate the time difference. For example for variable "t\_0\_1", the time that the values are greater than 300 is 13 to 25 seconds. So the value in the new data frame should be 12.
The new data frame should look like this:
```
df_new <- data.frame(height= c(1,2),
"0" = c(12,10),
"2" = c(10,10))
```
Any help where I should start or how I can do that is very welcome. Thank you!! | 2022/08/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/73315389",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7033156/"
] | You could calculate the time difference for each column with `summarise(across(...))`, and then transform the data to long.
```r
library(tidyverse)
df %>%
summarise(across(-time, ~ sum(diff(time[.x > 300])))) %>%
pivot_longer(everything(), names_to = c(".value", "height"), names_pattern = "t_(.+)_(.+)")
# # A tibble: 2 × 3
# height `0` `2`
# <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
# 1 1 12 10
# 2 2 10 10
``` | Here is a `tidyverse` solution
```r
library(tidyverse)
df %>%
pivot_longer(-time) %>%
separate(name, c(NA, "col", "height"), sep = "_") %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = "col", names_prefix = "X") %>%
group_by(height) %>%
summarise(
across(starts_with("X"), ~ sum(diff(time[.x > 300]))),
.groups = "drop")
## A tibble: 2 x 3
# height X0 X2
# <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
#1 1 12 10
#2 2 10 10
```
Explanation: The idea is to reshape from wide to long, separate the column names into a (future) column name `"col"` and a `"height"`. Reshape from long to wide by taking column names from `"col"` (prefixing with "X") and the summarising according to your requirements (i.e. keep only those entries where the value is > 300, and sum the difference in time). |
3,739,753 | I'm trying to figure out how to unit test my object that persists itself to session state.
The controller does something like...
```
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Update(Account a)
{
SessionManager sm = SessionManager.FromSessionState(HttpContext.Current.Session);
if ( a.equals(sm.Account) )
sm.Account = a;
return View("View", a);
}
```
And the session manager serializes itself to session state
```
public class SessionManager
{
public static SessionManager FromSessionState(HttpSessionStateBase state)
{
return state["sessionmanager"] as SessionManager ?? new SessionManager();
}
public Guid Id { get; set; }
public Account Account { get; set; }
public BusinessAssociate BusinessAssociate {get; set; }
}
```
I'm thinking that there are two approaches to unit testing...
1. in the static instantiator pass in the session state reference and then restore from that. this would allow me to mock this parameter and everything would be golden.
public static SessionManager FromSessionState(HttpSessionStateWrapper session)
{
return session["sessionmanager"] as SessionManager ?? new SessionManager();
}
2. create a mock for the SessionManager and use that for testing of the controller. | 2010/09/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3739753",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/69983/"
] | Here's an idea: Create a session manager "persistence" interface:
```
public interface ISessionManagerPersist
{
SessionManager Load();
void Save(SessionManager sessionManager);
}
```
Create an HTTPSession-based implementation of your persistence:
```
public class SessionStatePersist : ISessionManagerPersist
{
public SessionManager Load()
{
return HttpContext.Current.Session["sessionmanager"] as SessionManager ?? new SessionManager();
}
public void Save(SessionManager sessionManager)
{
HttpContext.Current.Session["sessionmanager"] = sessionManager;
}
}
```
Now make your controller have a dependency on `ISessionManagerPersist`. You can inject a stub `ISessionManagerPersist` during testing and use the session-based one during production. This also has the benefit of not needing changes if you decided to persist somewhere else (like a DB or something). Just implement a new `ISessionManagerPersist`. | Currently this controller action is very difficult to unit test as it calls a static method that is relying on `HttpContext.Current`. While the first approach seems to work in the second you still need to pass the session state somewhere so that the manager could work with it. Also don't pass `HttpSessionStateWrapper`, use `HttpSessionStateBase` instead. |
653,858 | I've just been wondering because I see this on ubiquity and want to know how this is better during the installation of Ubuntu. | 2015/07/28 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/653858",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/409520/"
] | If you are not plugged, then your laptop battery may be dead before the
installation is finished, if you have a laptop. **;)**
The result can be a ruined or incomplete installation and you have to start over. Assuming your hard drive still functions. | There is another point. When you are on battery performance is all depend on battery but while charging performance increase little bit and laptop all depends on direct DC charge and it gives little bit more volts than battery. |
2,477 | Many people learn foreign languages at school, which often involves [learning vocabulary lists](https://languagelearning.stackexchange.com/q/2462/800). Others learn languages through [immersion](https://languagelearning.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/immersion). Each method has its benefits and drawbacks.
What are the **main benefits and drawbacks of learning vocabulary only through conversation**? | 2016/12/09 | [
"https://languagelearning.stackexchange.com/questions/2477",
"https://languagelearning.stackexchange.com",
"https://languagelearning.stackexchange.com/users/800/"
] | In a [YouTube video from September 2016](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6IIH49dt-g), the British polyglot Olly Richards explains that he had been learning **Cantonese without learning to read and write**. He had been following the advice to focus on oral skills first, and he found that it kept the **momentum** going and that it kept him **motivated** to learn.
But after a few years, he felt he got **stuck at an intermediate plateau**, with a limited vocabulary. When learning other languages, **breaking through that plateau always involved reading**. That's why he decided to start learning Chinese characters. (He also created a number of videos about this new learning project; see the playlist [Project: Learn To Write Chinese Characters](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQJscr8iS4eEtoyzLvx_kw4BJXzRxfCuc) .) | For many/most languages, learning only oral way would not allow you to learn to read and write. Which might (or might not) be included in your goals. (This is obvious: you might speak and understand, but be illiterate and not able to read and write)
Also, learning by conversation does not allow (a learner of English) to distinguish between homophones, who make mistakes like "cell vs sell", "brake vs break" etc in written form of English.
Also, there is a contested theory that there are multiple [learning styles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_styles): some people prefer oral, some people prefer visual, or kinetic/tactile inputs.
It seems that research results are not consistent so far: it means that approach works for some people but not for others, like so many other theories from cognitive science.
From personal experience, I found out that I strongly prefer visual learning style, limiting the learning to auditory only would be not using my strongest facility. I am much better able to remember a word if I can associate it with an image, and pronunciation (even recognize the correct pronunciation) if I can see it as IPA.
IOW: I can much better learn the correct pronunciation after I've seen it in IPA, than just by listening alone.
So (as linked Wikipedia page mentions), none of the learning approaches works 100% for everybody. I recommend every person to try and see which of the approaches works best. It is nothing wrong to use method which works best for you personally, even if it is not universal. Build on your own strengths. |
24,080,285 | I gave margin 20px for both the div inside sidebar div. But for some reason the gap between two div's us just 20px, which should be 40px. 20px from box1 and 20px from box2. Am I missing some minor thing. please point it out.
**Fiddle:**
<http://jsfiddle.net/3UJWf/>
**HTML:**
```
<div class="sidebar">
<div class="box1 common">
<p>Text is here</p>
</div>
<div class="box2 common">
<p>Text is here</p>
</div>
</div>
```
**CSS:**
```
*
{
padding:0px;
margin:0px;
}
.box1 {
background:red;
padding: 40px;
width: 300px;
}
.box2 {
background: green;
padding: 40px;
width: 300px;
}
.common {
margin: 20px;
}
``` | 2014/06/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/24080285",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2177755/"
] | [Check Demo](http://jsfiddle.net/3UJWf/3/)
[CSS Margin Collapsing](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/102640/css-margin-collapsing)
`float:left;` or `display: inline-block` solves the above issue
Let’s explore exactly what the consequences of collapsing margins are, and how they will affect elements on the page.
*The W3C specification defines collapsing margins as follows:*
“
>
> In this specification, the expression collapsing margins means that
> adjoining margins (no non-empty content, padding, or border areas, or
> clearance separate them) of two or more boxes (which may be next to
> one another or nested) combine to form a single margin.
>
>
>
”
**In simple terms, this definition indicates that when the vertical margins of two elements are touching, only the margin of the element with the largest margin value will be honored, while the margin of the element with the smaller margin value will be collapsed to zero.1 In the case where one element has a negative margin, the margin values are added together to determine the final value. If both are negative, the greater negative value is used. This definition applies to adjacent elements and nested elements.**
There are other situations where elements do not have their margins collapsed:
1. floated elements
2. absolutely positioned elements
3. inline-block elements
4. elements with overflow set to anything other than visible (They do
not collapse margins with their children.)
5. cleared elements (They do not collapse their top margins with their
parent block’s bottom margin.) the root element
[This is a difficult concept to grasp, so let’s dive into some examples.](http://www.sitepoint.com/web-foundations/collapsing-margins/) | try using `.common{ display: inline-block }` and give the sidebar a width.
solves the problem for me |
24,080,285 | I gave margin 20px for both the div inside sidebar div. But for some reason the gap between two div's us just 20px, which should be 40px. 20px from box1 and 20px from box2. Am I missing some minor thing. please point it out.
**Fiddle:**
<http://jsfiddle.net/3UJWf/>
**HTML:**
```
<div class="sidebar">
<div class="box1 common">
<p>Text is here</p>
</div>
<div class="box2 common">
<p>Text is here</p>
</div>
</div>
```
**CSS:**
```
*
{
padding:0px;
margin:0px;
}
.box1 {
background:red;
padding: 40px;
width: 300px;
}
.box2 {
background: green;
padding: 40px;
width: 300px;
}
.common {
margin: 20px;
}
``` | 2014/06/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/24080285",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2177755/"
] | This is in the CSS 2.1 specification
>
> "In CSS, the adjoining margins of two or more boxes (which might or might not be siblings) can combine to form a single margin. Margins that combine this way are said to collapse, and the resulting combined margin is called a collapsed margin."
>
>
>
[Source](http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/box.html#collapsing-margins)
The best solution is to stick a [clearfix](https://stackoverflow.com/a/1633170/1355856) between the two divs. | try using `.common{ display: inline-block }` and give the sidebar a width.
solves the problem for me |
2,036,862 | I have a mapping defined where a parent object has a collection of child objects. In my design, I'd like to be able to delete the child objects without having to remove them from the collection on the parent object and re-saving the parent object. However, when I try this, I get the "deleted object would be re-created on save" error. Is there a way to prevent this such that I could simply delete the child object and not worry about removing it from the parent's collection too? That feels like doing double the work. Ideally I'd like to treat the parent's collection as read-only from NHibernate's perspective. | 2010/01/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2036862",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/129648/"
] | It is doable, no problem.
There is the `$_REQUEST` array that merges GET, POST, and COOKIE values but the better way would be to handle GET and POST manually in your script.
Just have your engine check both `$_GET["variable"]` and `$_POST["variable"]` and use whichever is set. If a variable is set in both methods, you need to decide which one you want to give precedence.
The only notable difference between the two methods is that a GET parameter has size limitations depending on browser and receiving web server (POST has limitations too, but they are usually in the range of several megabytes).
I think the general rule is that a GET string should never exceed 1024 characters. | You could use something like the following:
```
<?php
function getParam($key)
{
switch (true) {
case isset($_GET[$key]):
return $_GET[$key];
case isset($_POST[$key]):
return $_POST[$key];
case isset($_COOKIE[$key]):
return $_COOKIE[$key];
case isset($_SERVER[$key]):
return $_SERVER[$key];
case isset($_ENV[$key]):
return $_ENV[$key];
default:
return null;
}
}
``` |
2,036,862 | I have a mapping defined where a parent object has a collection of child objects. In my design, I'd like to be able to delete the child objects without having to remove them from the collection on the parent object and re-saving the parent object. However, when I try this, I get the "deleted object would be re-created on save" error. Is there a way to prevent this such that I could simply delete the child object and not worry about removing it from the parent's collection too? That feels like doing double the work. Ideally I'd like to treat the parent's collection as read-only from NHibernate's perspective. | 2010/01/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2036862",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/129648/"
] | It is doable, no problem.
There is the `$_REQUEST` array that merges GET, POST, and COOKIE values but the better way would be to handle GET and POST manually in your script.
Just have your engine check both `$_GET["variable"]` and `$_POST["variable"]` and use whichever is set. If a variable is set in both methods, you need to decide which one you want to give precedence.
The only notable difference between the two methods is that a GET parameter has size limitations depending on browser and receiving web server (POST has limitations too, but they are usually in the range of several megabytes).
I think the general rule is that a GET string should never exceed 1024 characters. | Here's how you could use GET and POST in one:
```
<form action="myfile.php?var1=get1&var2=get2&var3=get3" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="var1" value="post1" />
<input type="hidden" name="var2" value="post2" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
```
The PHP:
```
print_r($_REQUEST);
// var1 = "post1"
// var2 = "post2"
// var3 = "get3"
print_r($_GET)
// var1 = "get1"
// var2 = "get2"
// var3 = "get3"
print_r($_POST);
// var1 = "post1"
// var2 = "post2"
``` |
2,036,862 | I have a mapping defined where a parent object has a collection of child objects. In my design, I'd like to be able to delete the child objects without having to remove them from the collection on the parent object and re-saving the parent object. However, when I try this, I get the "deleted object would be re-created on save" error. Is there a way to prevent this such that I could simply delete the child object and not worry about removing it from the parent's collection too? That feels like doing double the work. Ideally I'd like to treat the parent's collection as read-only from NHibernate's perspective. | 2010/01/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2036862",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/129648/"
] | It is doable, no problem.
There is the `$_REQUEST` array that merges GET, POST, and COOKIE values but the better way would be to handle GET and POST manually in your script.
Just have your engine check both `$_GET["variable"]` and `$_POST["variable"]` and use whichever is set. If a variable is set in both methods, you need to decide which one you want to give precedence.
The only notable difference between the two methods is that a GET parameter has size limitations depending on browser and receiving web server (POST has limitations too, but they are usually in the range of several megabytes).
I think the general rule is that a GET string should never exceed 1024 characters. | It's also as well to be aware that using GET opens up a temptation among certain sets of users to manipulate the URL to 'see what happens' so it's absolutely necessary to ensure that your code suitably sanitises the input variables.
Of course you were doing that anyway ;-). But with get it pays to be doubly paranoid.
Myself if I'm using GET I'll generally set a cookie too and drop an ID of some sort in it, then cross-correlate that to a variable in the GET list, just to make sure there's absolutely no issues over user A manipulating the input and letting them see anything originating with user B. |
2,036,862 | I have a mapping defined where a parent object has a collection of child objects. In my design, I'd like to be able to delete the child objects without having to remove them from the collection on the parent object and re-saving the parent object. However, when I try this, I get the "deleted object would be re-created on save" error. Is there a way to prevent this such that I could simply delete the child object and not worry about removing it from the parent's collection too? That feels like doing double the work. Ideally I'd like to treat the parent's collection as read-only from NHibernate's perspective. | 2010/01/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2036862",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/129648/"
] | It is doable, no problem.
There is the `$_REQUEST` array that merges GET, POST, and COOKIE values but the better way would be to handle GET and POST manually in your script.
Just have your engine check both `$_GET["variable"]` and `$_POST["variable"]` and use whichever is set. If a variable is set in both methods, you need to decide which one you want to give precedence.
The only notable difference between the two methods is that a GET parameter has size limitations depending on browser and receiving web server (POST has limitations too, but they are usually in the range of several megabytes).
I think the general rule is that a GET string should never exceed 1024 characters. | Yes its doable, although (IMHO) the limit at which GET becomes cumbersome is significantly greater than the threshold at which a user interface for providing this much information becomes unusable. Also, the more complex a query you submit to a conventional search engine, the more effectively it can be resolved.
But I'm guessing you have your reasons.
The simplest way, from the information you've provided, to achieve this would be to change the form method at run time from GET to POST using javascript, e.g.
```
<form method='GET' id='searchform' target='search.php' onsubmit='
if (document.getElementById("searchdata")) {
if ((document.getElementById("searchdata").length >$some_threshold)
&& (document.getElementById("searchform"))) {
// 2nd if in case this moved to action for button
document.getElementById("searchform").method="POST";
}
}
return true;'>
<textarea name='searchdata' id='searchdata'>
</textarea>
<input type='submit' value='go get it'>
</form>
```
Which also downgrades nicely for non-javascript clients.
C. |
2,036,862 | I have a mapping defined where a parent object has a collection of child objects. In my design, I'd like to be able to delete the child objects without having to remove them from the collection on the parent object and re-saving the parent object. However, when I try this, I get the "deleted object would be re-created on save" error. Is there a way to prevent this such that I could simply delete the child object and not worry about removing it from the parent's collection too? That feels like doing double the work. Ideally I'd like to treat the parent's collection as read-only from NHibernate's perspective. | 2010/01/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2036862",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/129648/"
] | It is doable, no problem.
There is the `$_REQUEST` array that merges GET, POST, and COOKIE values but the better way would be to handle GET and POST manually in your script.
Just have your engine check both `$_GET["variable"]` and `$_POST["variable"]` and use whichever is set. If a variable is set in both methods, you need to decide which one you want to give precedence.
The only notable difference between the two methods is that a GET parameter has size limitations depending on browser and receiving web server (POST has limitations too, but they are usually in the range of several megabytes).
I think the general rule is that a GET string should never exceed 1024 characters. | ```
function getQVar($key){
return isset($_GET[$key]) ? $_GET[$key] : (isset($_POST[$key]) ? $_POST[$key] : null);
}
echo getQVar("name");
```
Switch around $\_GET and $\_POST to prioritize POST over GET vars. |
2,036,862 | I have a mapping defined where a parent object has a collection of child objects. In my design, I'd like to be able to delete the child objects without having to remove them from the collection on the parent object and re-saving the parent object. However, when I try this, I get the "deleted object would be re-created on save" error. Is there a way to prevent this such that I could simply delete the child object and not worry about removing it from the parent's collection too? That feels like doing double the work. Ideally I'd like to treat the parent's collection as read-only from NHibernate's perspective. | 2010/01/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2036862",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/129648/"
] | Here's how you could use GET and POST in one:
```
<form action="myfile.php?var1=get1&var2=get2&var3=get3" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="var1" value="post1" />
<input type="hidden" name="var2" value="post2" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
```
The PHP:
```
print_r($_REQUEST);
// var1 = "post1"
// var2 = "post2"
// var3 = "get3"
print_r($_GET)
// var1 = "get1"
// var2 = "get2"
// var3 = "get3"
print_r($_POST);
// var1 = "post1"
// var2 = "post2"
``` | You could use something like the following:
```
<?php
function getParam($key)
{
switch (true) {
case isset($_GET[$key]):
return $_GET[$key];
case isset($_POST[$key]):
return $_POST[$key];
case isset($_COOKIE[$key]):
return $_COOKIE[$key];
case isset($_SERVER[$key]):
return $_SERVER[$key];
case isset($_ENV[$key]):
return $_ENV[$key];
default:
return null;
}
}
``` |
2,036,862 | I have a mapping defined where a parent object has a collection of child objects. In my design, I'd like to be able to delete the child objects without having to remove them from the collection on the parent object and re-saving the parent object. However, when I try this, I get the "deleted object would be re-created on save" error. Is there a way to prevent this such that I could simply delete the child object and not worry about removing it from the parent's collection too? That feels like doing double the work. Ideally I'd like to treat the parent's collection as read-only from NHibernate's perspective. | 2010/01/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2036862",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/129648/"
] | Here's how you could use GET and POST in one:
```
<form action="myfile.php?var1=get1&var2=get2&var3=get3" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="var1" value="post1" />
<input type="hidden" name="var2" value="post2" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
```
The PHP:
```
print_r($_REQUEST);
// var1 = "post1"
// var2 = "post2"
// var3 = "get3"
print_r($_GET)
// var1 = "get1"
// var2 = "get2"
// var3 = "get3"
print_r($_POST);
// var1 = "post1"
// var2 = "post2"
``` | It's also as well to be aware that using GET opens up a temptation among certain sets of users to manipulate the URL to 'see what happens' so it's absolutely necessary to ensure that your code suitably sanitises the input variables.
Of course you were doing that anyway ;-). But with get it pays to be doubly paranoid.
Myself if I'm using GET I'll generally set a cookie too and drop an ID of some sort in it, then cross-correlate that to a variable in the GET list, just to make sure there's absolutely no issues over user A manipulating the input and letting them see anything originating with user B. |
2,036,862 | I have a mapping defined where a parent object has a collection of child objects. In my design, I'd like to be able to delete the child objects without having to remove them from the collection on the parent object and re-saving the parent object. However, when I try this, I get the "deleted object would be re-created on save" error. Is there a way to prevent this such that I could simply delete the child object and not worry about removing it from the parent's collection too? That feels like doing double the work. Ideally I'd like to treat the parent's collection as read-only from NHibernate's perspective. | 2010/01/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2036862",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/129648/"
] | Here's how you could use GET and POST in one:
```
<form action="myfile.php?var1=get1&var2=get2&var3=get3" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="var1" value="post1" />
<input type="hidden" name="var2" value="post2" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
```
The PHP:
```
print_r($_REQUEST);
// var1 = "post1"
// var2 = "post2"
// var3 = "get3"
print_r($_GET)
// var1 = "get1"
// var2 = "get2"
// var3 = "get3"
print_r($_POST);
// var1 = "post1"
// var2 = "post2"
``` | Yes its doable, although (IMHO) the limit at which GET becomes cumbersome is significantly greater than the threshold at which a user interface for providing this much information becomes unusable. Also, the more complex a query you submit to a conventional search engine, the more effectively it can be resolved.
But I'm guessing you have your reasons.
The simplest way, from the information you've provided, to achieve this would be to change the form method at run time from GET to POST using javascript, e.g.
```
<form method='GET' id='searchform' target='search.php' onsubmit='
if (document.getElementById("searchdata")) {
if ((document.getElementById("searchdata").length >$some_threshold)
&& (document.getElementById("searchform"))) {
// 2nd if in case this moved to action for button
document.getElementById("searchform").method="POST";
}
}
return true;'>
<textarea name='searchdata' id='searchdata'>
</textarea>
<input type='submit' value='go get it'>
</form>
```
Which also downgrades nicely for non-javascript clients.
C. |
2,036,862 | I have a mapping defined where a parent object has a collection of child objects. In my design, I'd like to be able to delete the child objects without having to remove them from the collection on the parent object and re-saving the parent object. However, when I try this, I get the "deleted object would be re-created on save" error. Is there a way to prevent this such that I could simply delete the child object and not worry about removing it from the parent's collection too? That feels like doing double the work. Ideally I'd like to treat the parent's collection as read-only from NHibernate's perspective. | 2010/01/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2036862",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/129648/"
] | Here's how you could use GET and POST in one:
```
<form action="myfile.php?var1=get1&var2=get2&var3=get3" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="var1" value="post1" />
<input type="hidden" name="var2" value="post2" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
```
The PHP:
```
print_r($_REQUEST);
// var1 = "post1"
// var2 = "post2"
// var3 = "get3"
print_r($_GET)
// var1 = "get1"
// var2 = "get2"
// var3 = "get3"
print_r($_POST);
// var1 = "post1"
// var2 = "post2"
``` | ```
function getQVar($key){
return isset($_GET[$key]) ? $_GET[$key] : (isset($_POST[$key]) ? $_POST[$key] : null);
}
echo getQVar("name");
```
Switch around $\_GET and $\_POST to prioritize POST over GET vars. |
105,849 | So in 3 we learn about the Virgo II lander, but really not much else in the space program. What else happened? Were there space stations, probes to other planets? | 2015/10/23 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/105849",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/40833/"
] | Ultimately, we have speculative evidence that *Project: Safehouse*, aka the *Societal Preservation Program*, which tasked the Enclave to oversee the vaults, had but one supreme objective.
>
> The purpose of the [vault experiments](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Vault) was to help prepare the Enclave for either re-colonizing Earth or colonizing another planet if Earth turned out to be uninhabitable.
>
>
>
Space flight was always part of the plan but it's unclear how far that part had been developed during the 23 years the program operated before the bombs fell.
---
Cool stuff in space:
[Archimedes](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Archimedes_I), **New Vegas**
>
> It should be distinguished from Archimedes II, the second iteration of the system, which is an **orbital based laser system** and can target any outdoor location in the Mojave Wasteland.
>
>
>
[Highwater-Trousers](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Highwater-Trousers), **Fallout 3**
>
> Highwater-Trousers is a computer program that was meant as a last resort, to be activated when an invading enemy had the SatCom Arrays under siege. From SatCom Array NW-05a it was possible to activate the program from the control terminal and call in **nuclear strikes from an orbiting platform**.
>
>
>
[B.O.M.B.](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/B.O.M.B.-001_design_document), **Van Buren Project** (game canceled)
>
> The Ballistic Orbital Missile Base 001 (abbreviated B.O.M.B.-001) is a large, donut shaped U.S. **space station** capable of firing twenty-four nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles. While it is currently staffed with eight individuals, it is capable of housing six people long term. A sister station, B.O.M.B.-002, existed alongside B.O.M.B.-001 until some point after the Great War. The layout for B.O.M.B.-001 shows areas designated for living, recreation, medical treatment, and a separate area for the station's true purpose; a nuclear missile control and launch center.
>
>
>
[USSA](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/United_States_Space_Administration), **Fallout 2** (unreliable source, although it does present a possible tie-in with the Hubologists having a space shuttle)
>
> United States Space Administration
>
>
> The following is based on Fallout 2 cut content and has not been confirmed by canon sources.
>
>
> The U.S. government's real plan to survive a nuclear war was simply to find another planet to live on after having helped to destroy the Earth. **A spacecraft designed to ferry the human race to another planet was either under construction or ready to go before the Great War broke out.** The plan was for the government to flee to the Enclave's Oil Rig, wait out the conflict and then pack up the populations of the Vaults to head into space. The Vaults were funded by the U.S. government and, accordingly, the government had control over them. Ostensibly, they were intended to allow a selection of privileged United States citizens to survive the Great War. Secretly, however, a large part of the Vault Project (Project Safehouse) had a far more sinister goal.
>
>
>
---
[Come Fly With Me](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Come_Fly_With_Me) is a side quest in **Fallout: New Vegas**, primarily conducted at the *REPCONN test site*, which still has three somewhat functional rockets.
[REPCONN Aerospace](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/REPCONN_Aerospace) (**R**ocket **E**ngineering and **P**roduction **CO**mpa**N**y of **N**evada) was an up-and-coming regional aerospace firm based in Nevada that specialized in rocket manufacture, primarily for the U.S. government. Its original purpose was to develop orbital propulsion systems.
>
> The company was purchased by the giant RobCo company just before the Great War, in a hostile takeover. New security countermeasures were installed, and more militaristic plans were undertaken, especially after the discovery of a special radioactive igniting agent that interested senior RobCo management staff.
>
>
>
---
[ArcJet Systems](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/ArcJet_Systems), **Fallout 4**
>
> ArcJet Systems was a pre-War military and civilian aerospace contractor in the United States, **specializing in communications, propulsion systems, and custom-built high-tech aviation equipment**. One known facility is located in Cambridge. They produced electronics and rockets used by the USSA until 2077.
>
>
> In 2075, ArcJet began working on a **nuclear-powered rocket, the XMB booster engine**, in hopes of convincing the United States Space Administration to award them the lucrative contract for their Mars Shot Project.
>
>
>
The [Mars Shot Project](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Mars_Shot_Project), was a plan by the USSA for a manned mission to Mars, and was scheduled for launch in July of 2078.
---
Space probes are the real question.
Did we launch the Voyager space probes or their equivalents during the once every 175y planetary alignment? If we could find a representation of Saturn in the Fallout universe with one solid ring around it, then we would know that we did *not* launch them, as only after Voyager 2 visited Saturn did we learn that it had many separate rings.
That's a somewhat moot point though, considering it's a game made by a company whose logo is a V2 shaped '50s rocket orbiting the Earth, and that **building space probes without transistors is highly unlikely.** See [divergence](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Divergence), which demarcates the critical point at which our history divides with the Fallout universe, as the invention of the transistor.
Some of the late '70s tech that the Voyagers employed was digital and necessarily so. The fragility and power consumption of vacuum tubes is too great to achieve what we've come to expect from modern space probes. In Fallout:
>
> Miniaturized electronic capacity was never developed past [American society's] prime. This is why small television, radio, newspapers and even word of mouth are still prevalent. ([reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/falloutlore/comments/2eysug/why_wasnt_the_transistor_invented_in_1947/))
>
>
>
Even the Apollo Program rockets used integrated circuits; tubes were almost nonexistent on-board them. Be that as it may, man *did* land on the moon in the Fallout universe, and the Great War of 2077 left many years leading up to itself in which we *probably* began exploring the cosmos.
---
*All your histories are belong to us now*.
Of noticeable lack are basically all [**Soviet accomplishments**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_space_program) (Wiki), which were [exemplary in the real world](https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/14645/why-was-venus-rather-than-mars-targeted-for-the-first-interplanetary-landings/14659#14659). Here (below) we have evidence of a possible re-write of history as apposed to a divergence. To the victor may have gone the spoils:
>
> [Defiance 7](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Defiance_7) was the space capsule in which Captain Carl Bell of the United States Space Administration (USSA) made his historic flight, becoming the first human in space, on May 5, 1961. This claim was disputed by both the Soviet Union and China. Captain Bell's flight lasted twelve minutes and seven seconds, and made a full revolution around the Earth. Bell died when the capsule crashed on its return to Earth.
>
>
> Notes
>
> It is not possible to complete an orbit of the Earth in a "coasting" spacecraft in less than 89 minutes. Most likely this is a minor writing error; otherwise, an implausibly complex explanation would be required. It should also be noted that the 1950s-esque science of the Fallout universe differs from the actual physics of our universe, so this is another explanation. It is also entirely plausible that the US government lied about this "accomplishment", and the error was in fact a subtle hint towards this fact.
>
>
>
[Carl Bell](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Carl_Bell), Note:
>
> In the real world, May 5, 1961 was the date of the flight of the first American in space, Alan Shepard. Unlike the Fallout universe, the actual first man in space was Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, who became the first person to orbit the Earth on April 12, 1961.
>
>
>
Maybe the moon landings were faked after all; the Russians beat us to it.
All links are in-site or from [fallout.wikia.com](http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Fallout_Wiki) unless noted. | There was Hubology in Fallout 2, with the questionable goal of leaving Earth in an old pre-war space shuttle. In Fallout New Vegas the ghouls in the quest 'Come Fly With Me' use three pre-war rockets to leave Earth. And if you join Mr House in Fallout New Vegas I believe one of the ending slides mentions a return to space. |
45,804,686 | Given a variable number of strings, I'd like to one-hot encode them as in the following example:
```
s1 = 'awaken my love'
s2 = 'awaken the beast'
s3 = 'wake beast love'
# desired result - NumPy array
array([[ 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0.],
[ 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1.]])
```
Current code:
```
def uniquewords(*args):
"""Create order-preserved string with unique words between *args"""
allwords = ' '.join(args).split()
return ' '.join(sorted(set(allwords), key=allwords.index)).split()
def encode(*args):
"""One-hot encode the given input strings"""
unique = uniquewords(*args)
feature_vectors = np.zeros((len(args), len(unique)))
for vec, s in zip(feature_vectors, args):
for num, word in enumerate(unique):
vec[num] = word in s
return feature_vectors
```
The issue is in this line:
```
vec[num] = word in s
```
Which picks up, for instance, `'wake' in 'awaken my love'` as `True` (rightly so, but not for my needs) and gives the following, slightly-off result:
```
print(encode(s1, s2, s3))
[[ 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 1.]
[ 1. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1.]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. 1. 1.]]
```
I've seen [a solution](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4154961/find-substring-in-string-but-only-if-whole-words) using `re` but am not sure how to apply here. How can I correct the one-liner above? (Getting rid of the nested loop would be nice too, but I'm not asking for general code editing unless it's kindly offered.) | 2017/08/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/45804686",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7954504/"
] | If you do a slight refactoring so that you treat each sentence as a list of words thoughout, it removes a lot of the `split`ting and `join`ing you're having to do, and naturalises the behaviour of `word in s` a bit. However, a `set` is preferred for membership testing, as it can do this in `O(1)`, and you should only construct one per argument iterated over, so your code would result in this:
```
import numpy as np
import itertools
def uniquewords(*args):
"""Create order-preserved string with unique words between *args"""
allwords = list(itertools.chain(*args))
return sorted(set(allwords), key=allwords.index)
def encode(*args):
"""One-hot encode the given input strings"""
args_with_words = [arg.split() for arg in args]
unique = uniquewords(*args_with_words)
feature_vectors = np.zeros((len(args), len(unique)))
for vec, s in zip(feature_vectors, args_with_words):
s_set = set(s)
for num, word in enumerate(unique):
vec[num] = word in s_set
return feature_vectors
print encode("awaken my love", "awaken the beast", "wake beast love")
```
with the correct output of
```
[[ 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 1. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. 1. 1.]]
```
Once you've done this, you might realise you don't really need membership testing at all, and you can just iterate over s, only bothering with words that need to be set to `1`. This approach may be significantly faster over larger datasets.
```
import numpy as np
import itertools
def uniquewords(*args):
"""Dictionary of words to their indices in the matrix"""
words = {}
n = 0
for word in itertools.chain(*args):
if word not in words:
words[word] = n
n += 1
return words
def encode(*args):
"""One-hot encode the given input strings"""
args_with_words = [arg.split() for arg in args]
unique = uniquewords(*args_with_words)
feature_vectors = np.zeros((len(args), len(unique)))
for vec, s in zip(feature_vectors, args_with_words):
for word in s:
vec[unique[word]] = 1
return feature_vectors
print encode("awaken my love", "awaken the beast", "wake beast love")
``` | A Set will make the in operator runs in O(1) on average.
Change:
```
vec[num] = word in s
```
to:
```
vec[num] = word in set(s.split())
```
Final version:
```
def encode(*args):
"""One-hot encode the given input strings"""
unique = uniquewords(*args)
feature_vectors = np.zeros((len(args), len(unique)))
for vec, s in zip(feature_vectors, args):
for num, word in enumerate(unique):
vec[num] = word in set(s.split())
return feature_vectors
```
Result:
```
[[ 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 1. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. 1. 1.]]
``` |
45,804,686 | Given a variable number of strings, I'd like to one-hot encode them as in the following example:
```
s1 = 'awaken my love'
s2 = 'awaken the beast'
s3 = 'wake beast love'
# desired result - NumPy array
array([[ 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0.],
[ 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1.]])
```
Current code:
```
def uniquewords(*args):
"""Create order-preserved string with unique words between *args"""
allwords = ' '.join(args).split()
return ' '.join(sorted(set(allwords), key=allwords.index)).split()
def encode(*args):
"""One-hot encode the given input strings"""
unique = uniquewords(*args)
feature_vectors = np.zeros((len(args), len(unique)))
for vec, s in zip(feature_vectors, args):
for num, word in enumerate(unique):
vec[num] = word in s
return feature_vectors
```
The issue is in this line:
```
vec[num] = word in s
```
Which picks up, for instance, `'wake' in 'awaken my love'` as `True` (rightly so, but not for my needs) and gives the following, slightly-off result:
```
print(encode(s1, s2, s3))
[[ 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 1.]
[ 1. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1.]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. 1. 1.]]
```
I've seen [a solution](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4154961/find-substring-in-string-but-only-if-whole-words) using `re` but am not sure how to apply here. How can I correct the one-liner above? (Getting rid of the nested loop would be nice too, but I'm not asking for general code editing unless it's kindly offered.) | 2017/08/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/45804686",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7954504/"
] | Here's one approach -
```
def membership(list_strings):
split_str = [i.split(" ") for i in list_strings]
split_str_unq = np.unique(np.concatenate(split_str))
out = np.array([np.in1d(split_str_unq, b_i) for b_i in split_str]).astype(int)
df_out = pd.DataFrame(out, columns = split_str_unq)
return df_out
```
Sample run -
```
In [189]: s1 = 'awaken my love'
...: s2 = 'awaken the beast'
...: s3 = 'wake beast love'
...:
In [190]: membership([s1,s2,s3])
Out[190]:
awaken beast love my the wake
0 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0
2 0 1 1 0 0 1
```
Here's another making use of `np.searchsorted` to get the column indices per row for setting into the output array and hopefully faster -
```
def membership_v2(list_strings):
split_str = [i.split(" ") for i in list_strings]
all_strings = np.concatenate(split_str)
split_str_unq = np.unique(all_strings)
col = np.searchsorted(split_str_unq, all_strings)
row = np.repeat(np.arange(len(split_str)) , [len(i) for i in split_str])
out = np.zeros((len(split_str),col.max()+1),dtype=int)
out[row, col] = 1
df_out = pd.DataFrame(out, columns = split_str_unq)
return df_out
```
Note that the output as a dataframe is meant mostly for a better/easier representation of the output. | A Set will make the in operator runs in O(1) on average.
Change:
```
vec[num] = word in s
```
to:
```
vec[num] = word in set(s.split())
```
Final version:
```
def encode(*args):
"""One-hot encode the given input strings"""
unique = uniquewords(*args)
feature_vectors = np.zeros((len(args), len(unique)))
for vec, s in zip(feature_vectors, args):
for num, word in enumerate(unique):
vec[num] = word in set(s.split())
return feature_vectors
```
Result:
```
[[ 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 1. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. 1. 1.]]
``` |
45,804,686 | Given a variable number of strings, I'd like to one-hot encode them as in the following example:
```
s1 = 'awaken my love'
s2 = 'awaken the beast'
s3 = 'wake beast love'
# desired result - NumPy array
array([[ 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0.],
[ 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1.]])
```
Current code:
```
def uniquewords(*args):
"""Create order-preserved string with unique words between *args"""
allwords = ' '.join(args).split()
return ' '.join(sorted(set(allwords), key=allwords.index)).split()
def encode(*args):
"""One-hot encode the given input strings"""
unique = uniquewords(*args)
feature_vectors = np.zeros((len(args), len(unique)))
for vec, s in zip(feature_vectors, args):
for num, word in enumerate(unique):
vec[num] = word in s
return feature_vectors
```
The issue is in this line:
```
vec[num] = word in s
```
Which picks up, for instance, `'wake' in 'awaken my love'` as `True` (rightly so, but not for my needs) and gives the following, slightly-off result:
```
print(encode(s1, s2, s3))
[[ 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 1.]
[ 1. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1.]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. 1. 1.]]
```
I've seen [a solution](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4154961/find-substring-in-string-but-only-if-whole-words) using `re` but am not sure how to apply here. How can I correct the one-liner above? (Getting rid of the nested loop would be nice too, but I'm not asking for general code editing unless it's kindly offered.) | 2017/08/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/45804686",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7954504/"
] | You can use pandas to create a one-hot encoding transformation from a list of lists (e.g. a list of strings where each each string is subsequently split into a list of words).
```
import pandas as pd
s1 = 'awaken my love'
s2 = 'awaken the beast'
s3 = 'wake beast love'
words = pd.Series([s1, s2, s3])
df = pd.melt(words.str.split().apply(pd.Series).reset_index(),
value_name='word', id_vars='index')
result = (
pd.concat([df['index'], pd.get_dummies(df['word'])], axis=1)
.groupby('index')
.any()
).astype(float)
>>> result
awaken beast love my the wake
index
0 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0
2 0 1 1 0 0 1
>>> result.values
array([[ 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0.],
[ 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1.]])
```
**Explanation**
First, create a series from your list of words.
Then split the words into columns and reset the index:
```
>>> words.str.split().apply(pd.Series).reset_index()
# Output:
# index 0 1 2
# 0 0 awaken my love
# 1 1 awaken the beast
# 2 2 wake beast love
```
One then melts this intermediate dataframe above which results in the following:
```
index variable word
0 0 0 awaken
1 1 0 awaken
2 2 0 wake
3 0 1 my
4 1 1 the
5 2 1 beast
6 0 2 love
7 1 2 beast
8 2 2 love
```
Apply `get_dummies` to the words and concatenate the results to their index locations. The resulting datatframe is then grouped on `index` and `any` is used on the aggregation (all values are zero or one, so `any` indicates if there are one or more instances of that word). This returns a boolean matrix, which is converted to floats. To return the numpy array, apply `.values` to the result. | A Set will make the in operator runs in O(1) on average.
Change:
```
vec[num] = word in s
```
to:
```
vec[num] = word in set(s.split())
```
Final version:
```
def encode(*args):
"""One-hot encode the given input strings"""
unique = uniquewords(*args)
feature_vectors = np.zeros((len(args), len(unique)))
for vec, s in zip(feature_vectors, args):
for num, word in enumerate(unique):
vec[num] = word in set(s.split())
return feature_vectors
```
Result:
```
[[ 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 1. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. 1. 1.]]
``` |
45,804,686 | Given a variable number of strings, I'd like to one-hot encode them as in the following example:
```
s1 = 'awaken my love'
s2 = 'awaken the beast'
s3 = 'wake beast love'
# desired result - NumPy array
array([[ 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0.],
[ 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1.]])
```
Current code:
```
def uniquewords(*args):
"""Create order-preserved string with unique words between *args"""
allwords = ' '.join(args).split()
return ' '.join(sorted(set(allwords), key=allwords.index)).split()
def encode(*args):
"""One-hot encode the given input strings"""
unique = uniquewords(*args)
feature_vectors = np.zeros((len(args), len(unique)))
for vec, s in zip(feature_vectors, args):
for num, word in enumerate(unique):
vec[num] = word in s
return feature_vectors
```
The issue is in this line:
```
vec[num] = word in s
```
Which picks up, for instance, `'wake' in 'awaken my love'` as `True` (rightly so, but not for my needs) and gives the following, slightly-off result:
```
print(encode(s1, s2, s3))
[[ 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 1.]
[ 1. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1.]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. 1. 1.]]
```
I've seen [a solution](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4154961/find-substring-in-string-but-only-if-whole-words) using `re` but am not sure how to apply here. How can I correct the one-liner above? (Getting rid of the nested loop would be nice too, but I'm not asking for general code editing unless it's kindly offered.) | 2017/08/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/45804686",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7954504/"
] | If you do a slight refactoring so that you treat each sentence as a list of words thoughout, it removes a lot of the `split`ting and `join`ing you're having to do, and naturalises the behaviour of `word in s` a bit. However, a `set` is preferred for membership testing, as it can do this in `O(1)`, and you should only construct one per argument iterated over, so your code would result in this:
```
import numpy as np
import itertools
def uniquewords(*args):
"""Create order-preserved string with unique words between *args"""
allwords = list(itertools.chain(*args))
return sorted(set(allwords), key=allwords.index)
def encode(*args):
"""One-hot encode the given input strings"""
args_with_words = [arg.split() for arg in args]
unique = uniquewords(*args_with_words)
feature_vectors = np.zeros((len(args), len(unique)))
for vec, s in zip(feature_vectors, args_with_words):
s_set = set(s)
for num, word in enumerate(unique):
vec[num] = word in s_set
return feature_vectors
print encode("awaken my love", "awaken the beast", "wake beast love")
```
with the correct output of
```
[[ 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0.]
[ 1. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0.]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. 1. 1.]]
```
Once you've done this, you might realise you don't really need membership testing at all, and you can just iterate over s, only bothering with words that need to be set to `1`. This approach may be significantly faster over larger datasets.
```
import numpy as np
import itertools
def uniquewords(*args):
"""Dictionary of words to their indices in the matrix"""
words = {}
n = 0
for word in itertools.chain(*args):
if word not in words:
words[word] = n
n += 1
return words
def encode(*args):
"""One-hot encode the given input strings"""
args_with_words = [arg.split() for arg in args]
unique = uniquewords(*args_with_words)
feature_vectors = np.zeros((len(args), len(unique)))
for vec, s in zip(feature_vectors, args_with_words):
for word in s:
vec[unique[word]] = 1
return feature_vectors
print encode("awaken my love", "awaken the beast", "wake beast love")
``` | You can use pandas to create a one-hot encoding transformation from a list of lists (e.g. a list of strings where each each string is subsequently split into a list of words).
```
import pandas as pd
s1 = 'awaken my love'
s2 = 'awaken the beast'
s3 = 'wake beast love'
words = pd.Series([s1, s2, s3])
df = pd.melt(words.str.split().apply(pd.Series).reset_index(),
value_name='word', id_vars='index')
result = (
pd.concat([df['index'], pd.get_dummies(df['word'])], axis=1)
.groupby('index')
.any()
).astype(float)
>>> result
awaken beast love my the wake
index
0 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0
2 0 1 1 0 0 1
>>> result.values
array([[ 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0.],
[ 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1.]])
```
**Explanation**
First, create a series from your list of words.
Then split the words into columns and reset the index:
```
>>> words.str.split().apply(pd.Series).reset_index()
# Output:
# index 0 1 2
# 0 0 awaken my love
# 1 1 awaken the beast
# 2 2 wake beast love
```
One then melts this intermediate dataframe above which results in the following:
```
index variable word
0 0 0 awaken
1 1 0 awaken
2 2 0 wake
3 0 1 my
4 1 1 the
5 2 1 beast
6 0 2 love
7 1 2 beast
8 2 2 love
```
Apply `get_dummies` to the words and concatenate the results to their index locations. The resulting datatframe is then grouped on `index` and `any` is used on the aggregation (all values are zero or one, so `any` indicates if there are one or more instances of that word). This returns a boolean matrix, which is converted to floats. To return the numpy array, apply `.values` to the result. |
45,804,686 | Given a variable number of strings, I'd like to one-hot encode them as in the following example:
```
s1 = 'awaken my love'
s2 = 'awaken the beast'
s3 = 'wake beast love'
# desired result - NumPy array
array([[ 1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0.],
[ 1., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 1., 0., 1., 1.]])
```
Current code:
```
def uniquewords(*args):
"""Create order-preserved string with unique words between *args"""
allwords = ' '.join(args).split()
return ' '.join(sorted(set(allwords), key=allwords.index)).split()
def encode(*args):
"""One-hot encode the given input strings"""
unique = uniquewords(*args)
feature_vectors = np.zeros((len(args), len(unique)))
for vec, s in zip(feature_vectors, args):
for num, word in enumerate(unique):
vec[num] = word in s
return feature_vectors
```
The issue is in this line:
```
vec[num] = word in s
```
Which picks up, for instance, `'wake' in 'awaken my love'` as `True` (rightly so, but not for my needs) and gives the following, slightly-off result:
```
print(encode(s1, s2, s3))
[[ 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 1.]
[ 1. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1.]
[ 0. 0. 1. 0. 1. 1.]]
```
I've seen [a solution](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4154961/find-substring-in-string-but-only-if-whole-words) using `re` but am not sure how to apply here. How can I correct the one-liner above? (Getting rid of the nested loop would be nice too, but I'm not asking for general code editing unless it's kindly offered.) | 2017/08/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/45804686",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7954504/"
] | Here's one approach -
```
def membership(list_strings):
split_str = [i.split(" ") for i in list_strings]
split_str_unq = np.unique(np.concatenate(split_str))
out = np.array([np.in1d(split_str_unq, b_i) for b_i in split_str]).astype(int)
df_out = pd.DataFrame(out, columns = split_str_unq)
return df_out
```
Sample run -
```
In [189]: s1 = 'awaken my love'
...: s2 = 'awaken the beast'
...: s3 = 'wake beast love'
...:
In [190]: membership([s1,s2,s3])
Out[190]:
awaken beast love my the wake
0 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0
2 0 1 1 0 0 1
```
Here's another making use of `np.searchsorted` to get the column indices per row for setting into the output array and hopefully faster -
```
def membership_v2(list_strings):
split_str = [i.split(" ") for i in list_strings]
all_strings = np.concatenate(split_str)
split_str_unq = np.unique(all_strings)
col = np.searchsorted(split_str_unq, all_strings)
row = np.repeat(np.arange(len(split_str)) , [len(i) for i in split_str])
out = np.zeros((len(split_str),col.max()+1),dtype=int)
out[row, col] = 1
df_out = pd.DataFrame(out, columns = split_str_unq)
return df_out
```
Note that the output as a dataframe is meant mostly for a better/easier representation of the output. | You can use pandas to create a one-hot encoding transformation from a list of lists (e.g. a list of strings where each each string is subsequently split into a list of words).
```
import pandas as pd
s1 = 'awaken my love'
s2 = 'awaken the beast'
s3 = 'wake beast love'
words = pd.Series([s1, s2, s3])
df = pd.melt(words.str.split().apply(pd.Series).reset_index(),
value_name='word', id_vars='index')
result = (
pd.concat([df['index'], pd.get_dummies(df['word'])], axis=1)
.groupby('index')
.any()
).astype(float)
>>> result
awaken beast love my the wake
index
0 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0
2 0 1 1 0 0 1
>>> result.values
array([[ 1., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0.],
[ 1., 1., 0., 0., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 1.]])
```
**Explanation**
First, create a series from your list of words.
Then split the words into columns and reset the index:
```
>>> words.str.split().apply(pd.Series).reset_index()
# Output:
# index 0 1 2
# 0 0 awaken my love
# 1 1 awaken the beast
# 2 2 wake beast love
```
One then melts this intermediate dataframe above which results in the following:
```
index variable word
0 0 0 awaken
1 1 0 awaken
2 2 0 wake
3 0 1 my
4 1 1 the
5 2 1 beast
6 0 2 love
7 1 2 beast
8 2 2 love
```
Apply `get_dummies` to the words and concatenate the results to their index locations. The resulting datatframe is then grouped on `index` and `any` is used on the aggregation (all values are zero or one, so `any` indicates if there are one or more instances of that word). This returns a boolean matrix, which is converted to floats. To return the numpy array, apply `.values` to the result. |
13,841,212 | I have working web service. I had to use same code and develop REST web service. I have done it. When I was debugging it I found one unusual thing. Static constructors are not being called when I am debugging my `RESTWebService` project.
All business logic is inside one DLL. Both `WebService` and `RESTWebService` projects use this DLL. Following are those static constructor which are present inside DLL. These constructors initialize some static values.
```
//Logger.cs
static Logger()
{
try
{
m_LogLevel = ....;
m_LogFilePath = ....;
}
catch
{
throw;
}
}
//Common.cs
static Common()
{
ERROR_CODES = ....;
DB_CONNECTION_STRING = ....;
DB_NOTIFICATION_CONNECTION_STRING = ....;
DATA_PROVIDER_INVARIANT_NAME = ....;
}
```
All values initialized in constructor are declared as static.
In case of `WebService` project it is initializing all static variables through static constructor. I have verified it by keeping break point to this static constructor. It will hit all static constructor and in the end public constructor of my web service.
But this is not happening in case of `RESTWebService`. All environment is exactly like my `WebService`. But it does not hit static constructor's break point and directly hits `RestWebService`'s public constructor.
What would be the reason behind this? I am new to WCF. Is there any other thing with RESTWebService? | 2012/12/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/13841212",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1099228/"
] | Don't check if it was called via a breakpoint - instead, when an instance/service mthod is called, check if the values are actually initialized. Or try to log something from the static constructor and see if it was called.
The static constructor may be called before you have a chance to debug/break on it. | The static constructors should still be called, but this will happen when the hosting program first loads your DLL.
It could be that the host (IIS I presume?) has the service loaded before you added your breakpoint. Try an IISRESET and then check again, you will need to attach to the iis worker process for debugging. |
523,140 | [1] Total number of 3-digit numbers which do not contain more than 2 different digits.
[2] Total number of 5-digit numbers which do not contain more than 3 different digits.
$\underline{\bf{My\; Try}}::$ I have formed different cases.
$\bullet$ If all digits are different, like in the form $aaa$, where $a\in \{1,2,3,.....,9\}$
$\bullet$ If all digits are different, like in the form $aba$ , where $a\in \{1,2,3,4,....,9\}$
$\bullet$ If one digit is zero and the other is non-zero, like $a00$ or $aa0$, where $a\in \{1,2,3,4,....,9\}$
But I do not understand how I can get a solution.
Please explain it to me. | 2013/10/12 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/523140",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/14311/"
] | The fact that a $3$-digit number, by most definitions, cannot begin with $0$ complicates the analysis.
The case where there is only one digit is easy, there are $9$ possibilities.
We now count the $3$-digit numbers which have $2$ different digit.
There are two subcases (i) $0$ is one of the digits, and (ii) all the digits are non-zero.
**Case (i):** There are $9$ choices for the other digit. For each such choice, either we have two $0$'s ($1$ number) or one zero. If we have one $0$, it can be out in one of $2$ places. That gives a total of $(9)(3)$.
**Case (ii):** There are $9$ choices for the first digit. We can either choose to use it twice, in which case we have $2$ choices of where to put the second occurrence, or use it once. The other digit can be chosen in $8$ ways, for a total of $(9)(3)(8)$.
Add up. We get $252$.
**Another way:** There are $(9)(10)(10)$ $3$-digit numbers. There are $(9)(9)(8)$ with digits all different. Subtract. We get $252$.
We leave the more complicated $5$-digit question to you. It is slightly simpler to take more or less the second approach. It is easy to count the $5$-digit numbers, and also the $5$-digit numbers where the digits are all different. Some elements of the first approach will have to be borrowed to deal with the case exactly $4$ distinct digits. | So you want three digit numbers that have either two different digits or only one digit?
The latter are easily found: $111, 222, \ldots, 999$. There are $9$ of these.
Next, consider $11X$ and $1X1$. Then $X$ can be any digit but $1$, giving a total of $9$ possibilities. This gives a total of $18$ numbers.
Similarly, consider $X11$. Then $X$ can be any digit but $1$ or $0$, giving a total of $8$ possibilities. This increases the total to $26$ numbers.
The same holds for each of $1, 2, \ldots, 9$, so you have $9\cdot 26 = 234$ possibilities.
The final piece is the $9$ numbers $100, 200, \ldots 900$. Adding on these and the initial $9$ numbers, you get your final answer: $252$. |
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