diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/python.py b/pre_commit/languages/python.py
index caa7794..5073a8b 100644
--- a/pre_commit/languages/python.py
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/python.py
@@ -158,10 +158,12 @@ def py_interface(
             yield
 
     def healthy(prefix: Prefix, language_version: str) -> bool:
+        envdir = helpers.environment_dir(_dir, language_version)
+        exe_name = 'python.exe' if sys.platform == 'win32' else 'python'
+        py_exe = prefix.path(bin_dir(envdir), exe_name)
         with in_env(prefix, language_version):
             retcode, _, _ = cmd_output_b(
-                'python', '-c',
-                'import ctypes, datetime, io, os, ssl, weakref',
+                py_exe, '-c', 'import ctypes, datetime, io, os, ssl, weakref',
                 cwd='/',
                 retcode=None,
             )

cache + virtualenv>=20 / python_venv + moving executables -> File not found: ... python
failure mode looks something like this:

```
Check for added large files..............................................Failed
- hook id: check-added-large-files
- exit code: 1

Executable `/Users/runner/.cache/pre-commit/repo14qw_y0i/py_env-python3.8/bin/python` not found
```

currently this is a common failure for github actions caches, there's ~2 ways to work around this:

1. [add `$(which python)`](https://github.com/pre-commit/action/commit/ee269b64a608de770696d23079f46238c2f7ab5a) to the pre-commit cache key
2. [manually bump](https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/7750/files) the pre-commit cache key

but pre-commit should more gracefully detect this in the [`healthy()`](https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit/blob/0a8ba31b9b6656d90f94fc368b47acb502cea44d/pre_commit/languages/python.py#L160-L168) function (which is designed to catch these sorts of system breakages)
diff --git a/tests/languages/python_test.py b/tests/languages/python_test.py
index 245c73a..34c6c7f 100644
--- a/tests/languages/python_test.py
+++ b/tests/languages/python_test.py
@@ -59,3 +59,17 @@ def test_healthy_types_py_in_cwd(tmpdir):
         # even if a `types.py` file exists, should still be healthy
         tmpdir.join('types.py').ensure()
         assert python.healthy(prefix, C.DEFAULT) is True
+
+
+def test_healthy_python_goes_missing(tmpdir):
+    with tmpdir.as_cwd():
+        prefix = tmpdir.join('prefix').ensure_dir()
+        prefix.join('setup.py').write('import setuptools; setuptools.setup()')
+        prefix = Prefix(str(prefix))
+        python.install_environment(prefix, C.DEFAULT, ())
+
+        exe_name = 'python' if sys.platform != 'win32' else 'python.exe'
+        py_exe = prefix.path(python.bin_dir('py_env-default'), exe_name)
+        os.remove(py_exe)
+
+        assert python.healthy(prefix, C.DEFAULT) is False

pip install -e .[dev]
parse_log_pytest
requirements.txt
pytest
3.7
requirements-dev.txt
pytest --no-header -rA --tb=line --color=no -p no:cacheprovider -W ignore::DeprecationWarning
certifi @ file:///croot/certifi_1671487769961/work/certifi
cfgv==3.3.1
covdefaults==2.3.0
coverage==7.2.7
distlib==0.3.9
exceptiongroup==1.2.2
filelock==3.12.2
identify==2.5.24
importlib-metadata==6.7.0
iniconfig==2.0.0
nodeenv==1.9.1
packaging==24.0
platformdirs==4.0.0
pluggy==1.2.0
-e git+https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit.git@1c1034094369512baaac7f53065f6f8594648fee#egg=pre_commit
pytest==7.4.4
pytest-env==1.0.1
PyYAML==6.0.1
toml==0.10.2
tomli==2.0.1
typing_extensions==4.7.1
virtualenv==20.26.6
zipp==3.15.0

name: pre-commit
channels:
  - defaults
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r
  - conda-forge
dependencies:
  - _libgcc_mutex=0.1=main
  - _openmp_mutex=5.1=1_gnu
  - ca-certificates=2025.2.25=h06a4308_0
  - certifi=2022.12.7=py37h06a4308_0
  - ld_impl_linux-64=2.40=h12ee557_0
  - libffi=3.4.4=h6a678d5_1
  - libgcc-ng=11.2.0=h1234567_1
  - libgomp=11.2.0=h1234567_1
  - libstdcxx-ng=11.2.0=h1234567_1
  - ncurses=6.4=h6a678d5_0
  - openssl=1.1.1w=h7f8727e_0
  - pip=22.3.1=py37h06a4308_0
  - python=3.7.16=h7a1cb2a_0
  - readline=8.2=h5eee18b_0
  - setuptools=65.6.3=py37h06a4308_0
  - sqlite=3.45.3=h5eee18b_0
  - tk=8.6.14=h39e8969_0
  - wheel=0.38.4=py37h06a4308_0
  - xz=5.6.4=h5eee18b_1
  - zlib=1.2.13=h5eee18b_1
  - pip:
      - cfgv==3.3.1
      - covdefaults==2.3.0
      - coverage==7.2.7
      - distlib==0.3.9
      - exceptiongroup==1.2.2
      - filelock==3.12.2
      - identify==2.5.24
      - importlib-metadata==6.7.0
      - iniconfig==2.0.0
      - nodeenv==1.9.1
      - packaging==24.0
      - platformdirs==4.0.0
      - pluggy==1.2.0
      - pytest==7.4.4
      - pytest-env==1.0.1
      - pyyaml==6.0.1
      - toml==0.10.2
      - tomli==2.0.1
      - typing-extensions==4.7.1
      - virtualenv==20.26.6
      - zipp==3.15.0
prefix: /opt/conda/envs/pre-commit

tests/languages/python_test.py::test_healthy_python_goes_missing
tests/languages/python_test.py::test_norm_version_expanduser tests/languages/python_test.py::test_sys_executable_matches[python3.6] tests/languages/python_test.py::test_sys_executable_matches[python3] tests/languages/python_test.py::test_sys_executable_matches[python] tests/languages/python_test.py::test_sys_executable_matches_does_not_match[notpython] tests/languages/python_test.py::test_sys_executable_matches_does_not_match[python3.x] tests/languages/python_test.py::test_find_by_sys_executable[/usr/bin/python3-/usr/bin/python3.7-python3] tests/languages/python_test.py::test_find_by_sys_executable[/usr/bin/python-/usr/bin/python3.7-python3.7] tests/languages/python_test.py::test_find_by_sys_executable[/usr/bin/python-/usr/bin/python-None] tests/languages/python_test.py::test_find_by_sys_executable[/usr/bin/python3.6m-/usr/bin/python3.6m-python3.6m] tests/languages/python_test.py::test_find_by_sys_executable[v/bin/python-v/bin/pypy-pypy] tests/languages/python_test.py::test_healthy_types_py_in_cwd
pre_commit/languages/python.py
pre_commit/languages/python.py