diff --git a/cybox/helper.py b/cybox/helper.py
index 2ed7c5d..9e06a05 100644
--- a/cybox/helper.py
+++ b/cybox/helper.py
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ def create_ipv4_list_observables(list_ipv4_addresses):
     list_observables = []
     for ipv4_address in list_ipv4_addresses:
         ipv4_observable = create_ipv4_observable(ipv4_address)
-        list_observables.append(ipv4_observable)
+        observable = Observable(ipv4_observable)
+        list_observables.append(observable)
     return list_observables
 
 
diff --git a/cybox/objects/artifact_object.py b/cybox/objects/artifact_object.py
index 333ae29..1c65723 100644
--- a/cybox/objects/artifact_object.py
+++ b/cybox/objects/artifact_object.py
@@ -46,11 +46,23 @@ class RawArtifact(String):
     byte_order = fields.TypedField("byte_order", preset_hook=validate_byte_order_endianness)
 
 
-class Packaging(entities.Entity):
-    """An individual packaging layer."""
+class Compression(entities.Entity):
+    """A Compression packaging layer
+
+    Currently only zlib and bz2 are supported.
+    Also, compression_mechanism_ref is not currently supported.
+    """
     _namespace = 'http://cybox.mitre.org/objects#ArtifactObject-2'
     _binding = artifact_binding
-    _binding_class = _binding.PackagingType
+    _binding_class = _binding.CompressionType
+
+    compression_mechanism = fields.TypedField("compression_mechanism")
+    compression_mechanism_ref = fields.TypedField("compression_mechanism_ref")
+
+    def __init__(self, compression_mechanism=None, compression_mechanism_ref=None):
+        super(Compression, self).__init__()
+        self.compression_mechanism = compression_mechanism
+        self.compression_mechanism_ref = compression_mechanism_ref
 
     def pack(self, data):
         """This should accept byte data and return byte data"""
@@ -60,207 +72,77 @@ class Packaging(entities.Entity):
         """This should accept byte data and return byte data"""
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-
-class Artifact(ObjectProperties):
-    # Warning: Do not attempt to get or set Raw_Artifact directly. Use `data`
-    # or `packed_data` respectively. The Raw_Artifact value will be set on
-    # export. You can set BaseObjectProperties or PatternFieldGroup attributes.
-    _binding = artifact_binding
-    _binding_class = _binding.ArtifactObjectType
-    _namespace = 'http://cybox.mitre.org/objects#ArtifactObject-2'
-    _XSI_NS = "ArtifactObj"
-    _XSI_TYPE = "ArtifactObjectType"
-
-    TYPE_FILE = "File"
-    TYPE_MEMORY = "Memory Region"
-    TYPE_FILE_SYSTEM = "File System Fragment"
-    TYPE_NETWORK = "Network Traffic"
-    TYPE_GENERIC = "Generic Data Region"
-    TYPES = (TYPE_FILE, TYPE_FILE_SYSTEM, TYPE_GENERIC, TYPE_MEMORY, TYPE_NETWORK)
-
-    hashes = fields.TypedField("Hashes", HashList)
-    # TODO: Support packaging as a TypedField
-    # packaging = fields.TypedField("Packaging", Packaging, multiple=True)
-    type_ = fields.TypedField("type_", key_name="type", preset_hook=validate_artifact_type)
-    content_type = fields.TypedField("content_type")
-    content_type_version = fields.TypedField("content_type_version")
-    suspected_malicious = fields.TypedField("suspected_malicious")
-    # TODO: xs:choice
-    raw_artifact = fields.TypedField("Raw_Artifact", RawArtifact)
-    raw_artifact_reference = fields.TypedField("Raw_Artifact_Reference")
-
-    def __init__(self, data=None, type_=None):
-        super(Artifact, self).__init__()
-        self.type_ = type_
-        self.packaging = []
-
-        # `data` is the actual binary data that is being encoded in this
-        # Artifact. It should use the `str` type on Python 2 or the `bytes`
-        # type on Python 3.
-
-        # `packed_data` is the literal character data that comes from (or
-        # becomes) the contents of the Raw_Artifact element. It should be a
-        # Unicode string (`unicode` on Python 2, `str` on Python 3), and should
-        # in general be ASCII-encoded, since any other data should be
-        # Base64-encoded.
-
-        # Only one of these two attributes can be set directly. The other can
-        # be calculated based on the various `Packaging` types added to this
-        # Artifact.
-
-        # We set the private attribute `_packed_data` first, so that the setter
-        # for `data` has access to this attribute.
-        self._packed_data = None
-        self.data = data
-        self.raw_artifact = RawArtifact()
-
-    @property
-    def data(self):
-        """Should return a byte string"""
-        if self._data:
-            return self._data
-        elif self._packed_data:
-            tmp_data = self._packed_data.encode('ascii')
-            for p in reversed(self.packaging):
-                tmp_data = p.unpack(tmp_data)
-            return tmp_data
-        else:
-            return None
-
-    @data.setter
-    def data(self, value):
-        if self._packed_data:
-            raise ValueError("packed_data already set, can't set data")
-        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, six.binary_type):
-            msg = ("Artifact data must be either None or byte data, not a "
-                   "Unicode string.")
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-        self._data = value
-
-    @property
-    def packed_data(self):
-        """Should return a Unicode string"""
-        if self._packed_data:
-            return self._packed_data
-        elif self._data:
-            tmp_data = self._data
-            for p in self.packaging:
-                tmp_data = p.pack(tmp_data)
-            return tmp_data.decode('ascii')
-        else:
-            return None
-
-    @packed_data.setter
-    def packed_data(self, value):
-        if self._data:
-            raise ValueError("data already set, can't set packed_data")
-        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, six.text_type):
-            msg = ("Artifact packed_data must be either None or a Unicode "
-                   "string, not byte data.")
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-        self._packed_data = value
-
-    def to_obj(self, ns_info=None):
-        artifact_obj = super(Artifact, self).to_obj(ns_info=ns_info)
-
-        if self.packaging:
-            packaging = artifact_binding.PackagingType()
-            for p in self.packaging:
-                p_obj = p.to_obj(ns_info=ns_info)
-                if isinstance(p, Compression):
-                    packaging.add_Compression(p_obj)
-                elif isinstance(p, Encryption):
-                    packaging.add_Encryption(p_obj)
-                elif isinstance(p, Encoding):
-                    packaging.add_Encoding(p_obj)
-                else:
-                    raise ValueError("Unsupported Packaging Type: %s" % type(p))
-            artifact_obj.Packaging = packaging
-
-        if self.packed_data:
-            self.raw_artifact.value = self.packed_data
-            artifact_obj.Raw_Artifact = self.raw_artifact.to_obj(ns_info=ns_info)
-
-        return artifact_obj
-
     def to_dict(self):
-        artifact_dict = super(Artifact, self).to_dict()
-
-        if self.packaging:
-            artifact_dict['packaging'] = [p.to_dict() for p in self.packaging]
-        if self.packed_data:
-            self.raw_artifact.value = self.packed_data
-            artifact_dict['raw_artifact'] = self.raw_artifact.to_dict()
-
-        return artifact_dict
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_obj(cls, cls_obj):
-        if not cls_obj:
-            return None
-
-        artifact = super(Artifact, cls).from_obj(cls_obj)
-
-        packaging = cls_obj.Packaging
-        if packaging:
-            for c in packaging.Compression:
-                artifact.packaging.append(CompressionFactory.from_obj(c))
-            for e in packaging.Encryption:
-                artifact.packaging.append(EncryptionFactory.from_obj(e))
-            for e in packaging.Encoding:
-                artifact.packaging.append(EncodingFactory.from_obj(e))
+        dict_ = super(Compression, self).to_dict()
+        dict_['packaging_type'] = 'compression'
+        return dict_
 
-        raw_artifact = cls_obj.Raw_Artifact
-        if raw_artifact:
-            artifact.raw_artifact = RawArtifact.from_obj(raw_artifact)
-            artifact.packed_data = six.text_type(artifact.raw_artifact.value)
 
-        return artifact
+class Encryption(entities.Entity):
+    """
+    An encryption packaging layer.
+    """
+    _namespace = 'http://cybox.mitre.org/objects#ArtifactObject-2'
+    _binding = artifact_binding
+    _binding_class = _binding.EncryptionType
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_dict(cls, cls_dict):
-        if not cls_dict:
-            return None
+    encryption_mechanism = fields.TypedField("encryption_mechanism")
+    encryption_mechanism_ref = fields.TypedField("encryption_mechanism_ref")
+    encryption_key = fields.TypedField("encryption_key")
+    encryption_key_ref = fields.TypedField("encryption_key_ref")
 
-        artifact = super(Artifact, cls).from_dict(cls_dict)
+    def __init__(self, encryption_mechanism=None, encryption_key=None,
+                 encryption_mechanism_ref=None, encryption_key_ref=None):
+        super(Encryption, self).__init__()
+        self.encryption_mechanism = encryption_mechanism
+        self.encryption_key = encryption_key
+        self.encryption_mechanism_ref = encryption_mechanism_ref
+        self.encryption_key_ref = encryption_key_ref
 
-        for layer in cls_dict.get('packaging', []):
-            if layer.get('packaging_type') == "compression":
-                artifact.packaging.append(CompressionFactory.from_dict(layer))
-            if layer.get('packaging_type') == "encryption":
-                artifact.packaging.append(EncryptionFactory.from_dict(layer))
-            if layer.get('packaging_type') == "encoding":
-                artifact.packaging.append(EncodingFactory.from_dict(layer))
+    def pack(self, data):
+        """This should accept byte data and return byte data"""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
 
-        raw_artifact = cls_dict.get('raw_artifact')
-        if raw_artifact:
-            artifact.raw_artifact = RawArtifact.from_dict(raw_artifact)
-            artifact.packed_data = six.text_type(artifact.raw_artifact.value)
+    def unpack(self, packed_data):
+        """This should accept byte data and return byte data"""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
 
-        return artifact
+    def to_dict(self):
+        dict_ = super(Encryption, self).to_dict()
+        dict_['packaging_type'] = 'encryption'
+        return dict_
 
 
-class Compression(Packaging):
-    """A Compression packaging layer
+class Encoding(entities.Entity):
+    """
+    An encoding packaging layer.
 
-    Currently only zlib and bz2 are supported.
-    Also, compression_mechanism_ref is not currently supported.
+    Currently only base64 with a standard alphabet is supported.
     """
-    _namespace = 'http://cybox.mitre.org/objects#ArtifactObject-2'
     _binding = artifact_binding
-    _binding_class = _binding.CompressionType
+    _binding_class = _binding.EncodingType
 
-    compression_mechanism = fields.TypedField("compression_mechanism")
-    compression_mechanism_ref = fields.TypedField("compression_mechanism_ref")
+    algorithm = fields.TypedField("algorithm")
+    character_set = fields.TypedField("character_set")
+    custom_character_set_ref = fields.TypedField("custom_character_set_ref")
 
-    def __init__(self, compression_mechanism=None, compression_mechanism_ref=None):
-        super(Compression, self).__init__()
-        self.compression_mechanism = compression_mechanism
-        self.compression_mechanism_ref = compression_mechanism_ref
+    def __init__(self, algorithm=None, character_set=None, custom_character_set_ref=None):
+        super(Encoding, self).__init__()
+        self.algorithm = algorithm
+        self.character_set = character_set
+        self.custom_character_set_ref = custom_character_set_ref
+
+    def pack(self, data):
+        """This should accept byte data and return byte data"""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def unpack(self, packed_data):
+        """This should accept byte data and return byte data"""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
 
     def to_dict(self):
-        dict_ = super(Compression, self).to_dict()
-        dict_['packaging_type'] = 'compression'
+        dict_ = super(Encoding, self).to_dict()
+        dict_['packaging_type'] = 'encoding'
         return dict_
 
 
@@ -287,33 +169,6 @@ class Bz2Compression(Compression):
         return bz2.decompress(packed_data)
 
 
-class Encryption(Packaging):
-    """
-    An encryption packaging layer.
-    """
-    _namespace = 'http://cybox.mitre.org/objects#ArtifactObject-2'
-    _binding = artifact_binding
-    _binding_class = _binding.EncryptionType
-
-    encryption_mechanism = fields.TypedField("encryption_mechanism")
-    encryption_mechanism_ref = fields.TypedField("encryption_mechanism_ref")
-    encryption_key = fields.TypedField("encryption_key")
-    encryption_key_ref = fields.TypedField("encryption_key_ref")
-
-    def __init__(self, encryption_mechanism=None, encryption_key=None,
-                 encryption_mechanism_ref=None, encryption_key_ref=None):
-        super(Encryption, self).__init__()
-        self.encryption_mechanism = encryption_mechanism
-        self.encryption_key = encryption_key
-        self.encryption_mechanism_ref = encryption_mechanism_ref
-        self.encryption_key_ref = encryption_key_ref
-
-    def to_dict(self):
-        dict_ = super(Encryption, self).to_dict()
-        dict_['packaging_type'] = 'encryption'
-        return dict_
-
-
 class XOREncryption(Encryption):
 
     def __init__(self, key=None):
@@ -351,32 +206,9 @@ class PasswordProtectedZipEncryption(Encryption):
         return data
 
 
-class Encoding(Packaging):
-    """
-    An encoding packaging layer.
-
-    Currently only base64 with a standard alphabet is supported.
-    """
-    _binding = artifact_binding
-    _binding_class = _binding.EncodingType
-
-    algorithm = fields.TypedField("algorithm")
-    character_set = fields.TypedField("character_set")
-    custom_character_set_ref = fields.TypedField("custom_character_set_ref")
-
-    def __init__(self, algorithm=None, character_set=None, custom_character_set_ref=None):
-        super(Encoding, self).__init__()
-        self.algorithm = algorithm
-        self.character_set = character_set
-        self.custom_character_set_ref = custom_character_set_ref
-
-    def to_dict(self):
-        dict_ = super(Encoding, self).to_dict()
-        dict_['packaging_type'] = 'encoding'
-        return dict_
-
-
 class Base64Encoding(Encoding):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(Base64Encoding, self).__init__(algorithm="Base64")
 
     def pack(self, data):
         return base64.b64encode(data)
@@ -438,3 +270,181 @@ class EncodingFactory(entities.EntityFactory):
     @classmethod
     def objkey(cls, obj):
         return getattr(obj, "algorithm", "Base64")  # default is Base64
+
+
+class Packaging(entities.Entity):
+    """An individual packaging layer."""
+    _namespace = 'http://cybox.mitre.org/objects#ArtifactObject-2'
+    _binding = artifact_binding
+    _binding_class = _binding.PackagingType
+
+    is_encrypted = fields.BooleanField("is_encrypted")
+    is_compressed = fields.BooleanField("is_compressed")
+    compression = fields.TypedField("Compression", Compression, factory=CompressionFactory, multiple=True)
+    encryption = fields.TypedField("Encryption", Encryption, factory=EncryptionFactory, multiple=True)
+    encoding = fields.TypedField("Encoding", Encoding, factory=EncodingFactory, multiple=True)
+
+    def __init__(self, is_encrypted=None, is_compressed=None, compression=None, encryption=None, encoding=None):
+        super(Packaging, self).__init__()
+        self.is_encrypted = is_encrypted
+        self.is_compressed = is_compressed
+        self.compression = compression
+        self.encryption = encryption
+        self.encoding = encoding
+
+
+class Artifact(ObjectProperties):
+    # Warning: Do not attempt to get or set Raw_Artifact directly. Use `data`
+    # or `packed_data` respectively. The Raw_Artifact value will be set on
+    # export. You can set BaseObjectProperties or PatternFieldGroup attributes.
+    _binding = artifact_binding
+    _binding_class = _binding.ArtifactObjectType
+    _namespace = 'http://cybox.mitre.org/objects#ArtifactObject-2'
+    _XSI_NS = "ArtifactObj"
+    _XSI_TYPE = "ArtifactObjectType"
+
+    TYPE_FILE = "File"
+    TYPE_MEMORY = "Memory Region"
+    TYPE_FILE_SYSTEM = "File System Fragment"
+    TYPE_NETWORK = "Network Traffic"
+    TYPE_GENERIC = "Generic Data Region"
+    TYPES = (TYPE_FILE, TYPE_FILE_SYSTEM, TYPE_GENERIC, TYPE_MEMORY, TYPE_NETWORK)
+
+    hashes = fields.TypedField("Hashes", HashList)
+    packaging = fields.TypedField("Packaging", Packaging)
+    type_ = fields.TypedField("type_", key_name="type", preset_hook=validate_artifact_type)
+    content_type = fields.TypedField("content_type")
+    content_type_version = fields.TypedField("content_type_version")
+    suspected_malicious = fields.TypedField("suspected_malicious")
+    # TODO: xs:choice
+    raw_artifact = fields.TypedField("Raw_Artifact", RawArtifact)
+    raw_artifact_reference = fields.TypedField("Raw_Artifact_Reference")
+
+    def __init__(self, data=None, type_=None):
+        super(Artifact, self).__init__()
+        self.type_ = type_
+
+        # `data` is the actual binary data that is being encoded in this
+        # Artifact. It should use the `str` type on Python 2 or the `bytes`
+        # type on Python 3.
+
+        # `packed_data` is the literal character data that comes from (or
+        # becomes) the contents of the Raw_Artifact element. It should be a
+        # Unicode string (`unicode` on Python 2, `str` on Python 3), and should
+        # in general be ASCII-encoded, since any other data should be
+        # Base64-encoded.
+
+        # Only one of these two attributes can be set directly. The other can
+        # be calculated based on the various `Packaging` types added to this
+        # Artifact.
+
+        # We set the private attribute `_packed_data` first, so that the setter
+        # for `data` has access to this attribute.
+        self._packed_data = None
+        self.data = data
+
+    @property
+    def data(self):
+        """Should return a byte string"""
+        if self._data:
+            return self._data
+        elif self._packed_data:
+            tmp_data = self._packed_data.encode('ascii')
+            if self.packaging:
+                for p in reversed(self.packaging.encoding):
+                    tmp_data = p.unpack(tmp_data)
+                for p in reversed(self.packaging.encryption):
+                    tmp_data = p.unpack(tmp_data)
+                for p in reversed(self.packaging.compression):
+                    tmp_data = p.unpack(tmp_data)
+            return tmp_data
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    @data.setter
+    def data(self, value):
+        if self._packed_data:
+            raise ValueError("packed_data already set, can't set data")
+        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, six.binary_type):
+            msg = ("Artifact data must be either None or byte data, not a "
+                   "Unicode string.")
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        self._data = value
+
+    @property
+    def packed_data(self):
+        """Should return a Unicode string"""
+        if self._packed_data:
+            return self._packed_data
+        elif self._data:
+            tmp_data = self._data
+            if self.packaging:
+                for p in self.packaging.compression:
+                    tmp_data = p.pack(tmp_data)
+                for p in self.packaging.encryption:
+                    tmp_data = p.pack(tmp_data)
+                for p in self.packaging.encoding:
+                    tmp_data = p.pack(tmp_data)
+            return tmp_data.decode('ascii')
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    @packed_data.setter
+    def packed_data(self, value):
+        if self._data:
+            raise ValueError("data already set, can't set packed_data")
+        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, six.text_type):
+            msg = ("Artifact packed_data must be either None or a Unicode "
+                   "string, not byte data.")
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        self._packed_data = value
+
+    def to_obj(self, ns_info=None):
+        artifact_obj = super(Artifact, self).to_obj(ns_info=ns_info)
+
+        if self.packed_data:
+            if not self.raw_artifact:
+                self.raw_artifact = RawArtifact()
+            self.raw_artifact.value = self.packed_data
+            artifact_obj.Raw_Artifact = self.raw_artifact.to_obj(ns_info=ns_info)
+
+        return artifact_obj
+
+    def to_dict(self):
+        artifact_dict = super(Artifact, self).to_dict()
+
+        if self.packed_data:
+            if not self.raw_artifact:
+                self.raw_artifact = RawArtifact()
+            self.raw_artifact.value = self.packed_data
+            artifact_dict['raw_artifact'] = self.raw_artifact.to_dict()
+
+        return artifact_dict
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_obj(cls, cls_obj):
+        if not cls_obj:
+            return None
+
+        artifact = super(Artifact, cls).from_obj(cls_obj)
+
+        raw_artifact = cls_obj.Raw_Artifact
+        if raw_artifact:
+            artifact.raw_artifact = RawArtifact.from_obj(raw_artifact)
+            artifact.packed_data = six.text_type(artifact.raw_artifact.value)
+
+        return artifact
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, cls_dict):
+        if not cls_dict:
+            return None
+
+        artifact = super(Artifact, cls).from_dict(cls_dict)
+
+        raw_artifact = cls_dict.get('raw_artifact')
+        if raw_artifact:
+            artifact.raw_artifact = RawArtifact.from_dict(raw_artifact)
+            artifact.packed_data = six.text_type(artifact.raw_artifact.value)
+
+        return artifact

Implement Artifact.Packaging as TypedField
Currently this is handled as a simple list...
diff --git a/cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py b/cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py
index 2dea1a5..86d6326 100644
--- a/cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py
+++ b/cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from mixbox.vendor import six
 from mixbox.vendor.six import u
 
 from cybox.objects.artifact_object import (Artifact, Base64Encoding,
-        Bz2Compression, RawArtifact, XOREncryption, ZlibCompression)
+                                           Bz2Compression, Packaging, RawArtifact, XOREncryption, ZlibCompression)
 from cybox.test import round_trip
 from cybox.test.objects import ObjectTestCase
 
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ class TestArtifactEncoding(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, _get_packed_data, a)
 
         # With Base64 encoding, we can retrieve this.
-        a.packaging.append(Base64Encoding())
+        a.packaging = Packaging()
+        a.packaging.encoding.append(Base64Encoding())
         self.assertEqual("AGFiYzEyM/8=", a.packed_data)
 
     def test_setting_ascii_artifact_packed_data_no_packaging(self):
@@ -61,9 +62,9 @@ class TestArtifactEncoding(unittest.TestCase):
         a.packed_data = u("\x00abc123\xff")
         self.assertEqual(six.text_type, type(a.packed_data))
 
-        #TODO: Should this raise an error sooner, since there's nothing we can
-        # do at this point? There's no reason that the packed_data should
-        # contain non-ascii characters.
+        # TODO: Should this raise an error sooner, since there's nothing we can
+        #  do at this point? There's no reason that the packed_data should
+        #  contain non-ascii characters.
         self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, _get_data, a)
 
 
@@ -109,7 +110,8 @@ class TestArtifact(ObjectTestCase, unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_base64_encoding(self):
         a = Artifact(self.binary_data)
-        a.packaging.append(Base64Encoding())
+        a.packaging = Packaging()
+        a.packaging.encoding.append(Base64Encoding())
         a2 = round_trip(a, Artifact)
         self.assertEqual(self.binary_data, a2.data)
 
@@ -118,8 +120,9 @@ class TestArtifact(ObjectTestCase, unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_zlib_base64_encoding(self):
         a = Artifact(self.binary_data)
-        a.packaging.append(ZlibCompression())
-        a.packaging.append(Base64Encoding())
+        a.packaging = Packaging()
+        a.packaging.compression.append(ZlibCompression())
+        a.packaging.encoding.append(Base64Encoding())
         a2 = round_trip(a, Artifact)
         self.assertEqual(self.binary_data, a2.data)
 
@@ -128,8 +131,19 @@ class TestArtifact(ObjectTestCase, unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_encryption(self):
         a = Artifact(self.binary_data)
-        a.packaging.append(XOREncryption(0x4a))
-        a.packaging.append(Base64Encoding())
+        a.packaging = Packaging()
+        a.packaging.encryption.append(XOREncryption(0x4a))
+        a.packaging.encoding.append(Base64Encoding())
+        a2 = round_trip(a, Artifact)
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.binary_data, a2.data)
+
+    def test_compression(self):
+        a = Artifact(self.binary_data)
+        a.packaging = Packaging()
+        a.packaging.compression.append(Bz2Compression())
+        a.packaging.encryption.append(XOREncryption(0x4a))
+        a.packaging.encoding.append(Base64Encoding())
         a2 = round_trip(a, Artifact)
 
         self.assertEqual(self.binary_data, a2.data)
@@ -140,12 +154,16 @@ class TestArtifactInstance(ObjectTestCase, unittest.TestCase):
     klass = Artifact
 
     _full_dict = {
-        "packaging": [
-            {
-                "packaging_type": "encoding",
-                "algorithm": "Base64"
-            }
-        ],
+        "packaging": {
+            "is_encrypted": False,
+            "is_compressed": False,
+            "encoding": [
+                {
+                    "packaging_type": "encoding",
+                    "algorithm": "Base64"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
         "xsi:type": object_type,
         "raw_artifact": "1MOyoQIABAAAAAAAAAAAAP//AAABAAAAsmdKQq6RBwBGAAAARgAAAADAnzJBjADg"
                         "GLEMrQgARQAAOAAAQABAEWVHwKiqCMCoqhSAGwA1ACSF7RAyAQAAAQAAAAAAAAZn"

pip install -e .[dev]
parse_log_pytest
requirements.txt
pytest
apt-get update apt-get install -y gcc
3.9
requirements.txt
pytest --no-header -rA --tb=line --color=no -p no:cacheprovider -W ignore::DeprecationWarning
alabaster==0.7.16
babel==2.17.0
-e git+https://github.com/CybOXProject/python-cybox.git@eeffc25459a3ac3867b0548b62b8fd8e9a113af6#egg=cybox
distlib==0.3.9
docutils==0.21.2
exceptiongroup==1.2.2
filelock==3.18.0
iniconfig==2.1.0
Jinja2==3.1.6
lxml==5.3.1
MarkupSafe==3.0.2
mixbox==1.0.5
nose==1.3.7
ordered-set==4.1.0
packaging==24.2
platformdirs==4.3.7
pluggy==1.5.0
py==1.11.0
Pygments==2.19.1
pytest==8.3.5
python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
six==1.17.0
snowballstemmer==2.2.0
Sphinx==1.3.6
sphinx-rtd-theme==0.2.4
tomli==2.2.1
tox==2.7.0
virtualenv==20.29.3
weakrefmethod==1.0.3

name: python-cybox
channels:
  - defaults
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r
  - conda-forge
dependencies:
  - _libgcc_mutex=0.1=main
  - _openmp_mutex=5.1=1_gnu
  - ca-certificates=2025.2.25=h06a4308_0
  - ld_impl_linux-64=2.40=h12ee557_0
  - libffi=3.4.4=h6a678d5_1
  - libgcc-ng=11.2.0=h1234567_1
  - libgomp=11.2.0=h1234567_1
  - libstdcxx-ng=11.2.0=h1234567_1
  - ncurses=6.4=h6a678d5_0
  - openssl=3.0.16=h5eee18b_0
  - pip=25.0=py39h06a4308_0
  - python=3.9.21=he870216_1
  - readline=8.2=h5eee18b_0
  - setuptools=75.8.0=py39h06a4308_0
  - sqlite=3.45.3=h5eee18b_0
  - tk=8.6.14=h39e8969_0
  - tzdata=2025a=h04d1e81_0
  - wheel=0.45.1=py39h06a4308_0
  - xz=5.6.4=h5eee18b_1
  - zlib=1.2.13=h5eee18b_1
  - pip:
      - alabaster==0.7.16
      - babel==2.17.0
      - distlib==0.3.9
      - docutils==0.21.2
      - exceptiongroup==1.2.2
      - filelock==3.18.0
      - iniconfig==2.1.0
      - jinja2==3.1.6
      - lxml==5.3.1
      - markupsafe==3.0.2
      - mixbox==1.0.5
      - nose==1.3.7
      - ordered-set==4.1.0
      - packaging==24.2
      - platformdirs==4.3.7
      - pluggy==1.5.0
      - py==1.11.0
      - pygments==2.19.1
      - pytest==8.3.5
      - python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
      - six==1.17.0
      - snowballstemmer==2.2.0
      - sphinx==1.3.6
      - sphinx-rtd-theme==0.2.4
      - tomli==2.2.1
      - tox==2.7.0
      - virtualenv==20.29.3
      - weakrefmethod==1.0.3
prefix: /opt/conda/envs/python-cybox

cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactEncoding::test_cannot_set_nonascii_data_with_no_packaging cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifact::test_base64_encoding cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifact::test_compression cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifact::test_encryption cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifact::test_zlib_base64_encoding cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactInstance::test_round_trip cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactInstance::test_round_trip_dict cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactInstance::test_round_trip_entity cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactInstance::test_round_trip_observable
cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestRawArtifact::test_xml_output cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactEncoding::test_cannot_create_artifact_from_unicode_data cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactEncoding::test_cannot_set_nonascii_artifact_packed_data cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactEncoding::test_setting_ascii_artifact_data_no_packaging cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactEncoding::test_setting_ascii_artifact_packed_data_no_packaging cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifact::test_non_ascii_round_trip_raises_error cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifact::test_object_reference cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifact::test_round_trip cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifact::test_round_trip_dict cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifact::test_round_trip_entity cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifact::test_round_trip_observable cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifact::test_set_data_and_packed_data cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifact::test_type_exists cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactInstance::test_object_reference cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactInstance::test_type_exists cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactPattern::test_object_reference cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactPattern::test_round_trip cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactPattern::test_round_trip_dict cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactPattern::test_round_trip_entity cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactPattern::test_round_trip_observable cybox/test/objects/artifact_test.py::TestArtifactPattern::test_type_exists
cybox/helper.py cybox/objects/artifact_object.py
cybox/helper.py cybox/objects/artifact_object.py