question
stringlengths 4
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listlengths 2
5
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stringclasses 32
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Soon computers and other machines will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes! The programme works because everyone's eyes are different. So in the future you won't have to remember a number when you want to use a machine or take money out of a bank. You'll just have to look at the machine and it will be able to tell who you are. The eye-recognition programme is tested in shops and banks in the USA, Britain and Italy. Scientists are working on other systems, such as knowing you from the shape of your face or hand or even your smell! And machines can already tell who you are from your voice or your fingerprint . But eye-recognition will replace other ways of finding out who you are. It is better, because your eyes don't change as you get older, or get dirty like hands or fingers. And even twins have different eyes, so the programme can be up to 94% correct, depending on how good the technology is. In Britain, it was found that 91% of people said that they liked the idea of eye-recognition. ,. How does the eye-recognition programme work?
|
[
"You look at the machine and type a number.",
"You need to speak and then look.",
"The machine looks at your face.",
"You look at the machine."
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Children's allowance. Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance . The purpose is to let them learn from experience at an age when financial (;;)mistakes are not very costly. In any case, parents should make clear what the child is expected to pay for with the money. At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If so, they'll learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget . Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance. It is to show them that a budget demands choices between spending and saving. Many people who have written on the subject of allowances say it is not a good idea to pay your child for work around the home. These jobs are a normal part of family life. Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business works. Allowances give children a chance to experience what they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts or give it to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save it. Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice: They have to cut costs and plan for the future. Requiring children to save part of their allowance can also open the door to future saving and investing. Many banks offer services to help children learn about personal finance. What is the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Allowance, a great way to educate children",
"Allowance, a costly burden for children",
"Give allowances to children at once",
"Develop children's allowances"
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Examine each of these chemical equations to determine which equation is correctly balanced.
|
[
"Mg(NO_{3})_{2} + K_{2}CO_{3} -> MgCO_{3} + KNO_{3}",
"Mg(NO_{3})_{2} + K_{2}CO_{3} -> MgCO_{3} + 2KNO_{3}",
"2Mg(NO_{3})_{2} + K_{2}CO_{3} -> 2MgCO_{3} + KNO_{3}",
"Mg(NO_{3})_{2} + 2K_{2}CO_{3} -> MgCO_{3} + 2KNO_{3}"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Somepeoplethinkthatsingingcanliftourspirits ,whilesomeotherpeople don'tthinkso.Theydon'tlikesingingandtheythinksingingcannevermakethemhappy.Ido thinksingingcanmakeusfeelgood,anditcanliftourspirits.Letmetellyoumoreaboutthat. Someresearchers oncedidsomesurveysandprovedit.Thesurveysshow thatsingingcanbringalotofhealthbenefits .Ifyousingwithyourfriends,theeffectsmay be evenbetter. JohnLennonwasonceateacherofVocalPerformance atEmporiaState University.Hesays,"Singingisaninborn need.Babiessingtothemselvesandthey seemsohappy.Likebabies,whenwesing,wefeelsogoodandsingingmakesusfeelevenbetter.I likesingingandIamhappyeveryday." Musicisapartofhumannature.Andsingingisaformof _ thatcanbeunderstoodby everyone.Somepeoplesaythatmusicislikeakindoflanguage.Thelanguagecanshow people'sopinionsandattitudes totheirlife.Somesongscancheerpeopleupwhentheyarein trouble.Somesongscanmakepeoplehappyandexcited.That'swhytheTVshowTheVoiceof Chinaissopopularwithpeople. Accordingtosomesurveys,singingcanbring _ .
|
[
"healthbenefits",
"healthproblems",
"happinessandsuccess",
"sometrouble"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
English Language and Culture Program If you wish to improve your English-language skills as well as your understanding of the Canadian cultural context, the courses offered by ELC Evening are for you. Whether your goals are academic, business or immigration-related, there is a course to meet your needs. Evening course tuition:$490,0. All evening courses run for 10 weeks.A $50 discount is available to returning students or students attending two or more courses. ELC 550 Mondays, July 7 - September 22, 2008August 4 & September 11- HOLIDAY Mondays, October 6-December 15.2008 October 13-HOLIDAY This course is designed for non-native Englisli speakers who wish to take the 1ELTS (International English Language Testing System) exam.Each week, participants focus on specific modules of the test (speaking, reading, listening, and writing) to develop and improve the skills they need to succeed on the exam. ELC 552 Tuesdays, Aprils8-June 10,2008 Tuesdays, October 7 - December.16, 2008 November 11 - HOLIDAY This course is designed for participants who wish to improve their fluency and expressiveness in English.Production skills will be targeted, including pronunciation, intonation, rhythm, and stress.Participants are required to complete weekly in-class assignments , including speeches, monologues, interviews, and role-plays. ELC 554 Wednesdays, July 9 - September 10.2008 Wednesdays, October 8 -December 10.2008 This course is designed for non-native English-speaking university and college participants who wish to improve their academic leading and writing skills.This course gives participants the tools required for presenting information and building persuasive arguments in clear and cohesive written forms. ELC 555 Thursdays, July 10 - September 11, 2008 Thursdays, October 9 - December 11, 2008 This course is designed for non-native English speakers who are either working or planning to work in a business environment.Areas of focus include handling telephone conversations, networking, participating in meetings, negotiating, making presentations, and conducting interviews. ELC 554 is most suitable for _ .
|
[
"a newspaper reporter",
"a university student",
"a businessman",
"a high school student"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mr.Jenkins liked all kinds of delicious foods.As an important officer,he was often asked to dinner.The shopkeepers tried their best to fawn on him.They knew it was good for their business.Now the officer got fatter and fatter.He could hardly go upstairs at home and had to sleep downstairs. He often felt tired if he walked or did some housework. He was worried about it and had to go to see a doctor."Stop eating much fat and sugar,Mr Jenkins,"said the doctor .Or it will be worse for your health! It was difficult for the officer to do it. He wouldn't do as the doctor said. Of course. He found something was wrong with his heart a few months later. Now he thought the doctor was right.And he had to be in hospital."You must lose weight ,sir," said the doctor."unless you want to die soon!""Could you tell me a way to lose weight,please?""You must do an exercise first.""Which exercise?""To move your head from side to side when you're invited to dinner!" Which of the following is true according to the passage?
|
[
"The doctor told Mr.Jenkins to do some exercise.",
"The doctor told Mr.Jenkins to move his head.",
"The doctor told Mr.Jenkins not to go to dinner.",
"The doctor thought Mr.Jenkins would die."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The body of creatures may have nutrients delivered to various areas based on where
|
[
"hair grows",
"nails are trimmed",
"vessels travel",
"birds exist"
] | 2C
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe. Previous studies have linked high exposure to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of "moderate" quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure. The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health. The text mainly discusses the relationship between _ .
|
[
"heart problems and air quality",
"heart problems and exercising",
"heart problems and smoking",
"heart problems and fatty food"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When did you last see a polar bear ? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3degC, and the water temperature was a bit higher. The members of the Polar Bears Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February. Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter. The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits(or advantages)of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming. The main benefits(or advantages)of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim year-round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-old woman says, When I go into the water , I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away. According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that _ .
|
[
"you are healthy if cold-water swimming turn your skin color1 blue",
"cold-water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter",
"cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high",
"Polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Poor families in some countries spend as much as eighty percent of their money on food. Rising prices in recent months have created the worst food crisis in more than thirty years. The United Nations World Food Program says high food prices could push one hundred million people into hunger. Nathan Childs is an expert on rice markets. He notes that the harvest for the latest growing season was the largest on record. But India, Vietnam and others have restricted exports to keep prices down at home and protect supplies. Thailand's agriculture minister says his country will never restrict rice exports. He told the Reuters news agency Thursday that Thailand has enough supplies to meet demand at home and for export. Thailand is the world's largest rice exporter. Recent signs of an increase in supplies have helped ease record prices for Thai rice. Prices rose last week above one thousand dollars a ton. Vietnam, the second biggest exporter, has banned exports until June. And Vietnamese officials have now warned that non-food traders who buy rice for speculation will be severely punished. Some experts say speculation is a necessary part of market activity. But the head of the U.N. Environment Program blames it for the high food prices. "We have enough food on this planet today to feed everyone." Achim Steiner told the Associated Press. Earlier, a member of the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission didn't accept the idea that speculators are the main cause. Bart Chilton blamed reduced harvests and grain supplies and the falling value of the dollar. U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called heads of major international agencies to a meeting this week in the Swiss capital, Bern. He says high food prices could harm world trade, economic growth, social progress and political security. What is the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Vietnam has banned rice exports to other countries.",
"Thailand is the largest rice exporter in the world.",
"Some families are too poor to afford enough food.",
"Rising prices of food have led to the world food crisis."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Wearing seat belt is,of course,the first step to safe driving.These additional measures might also save your life. Count to three.Keeping up enough space between your car and others is extreme1y necessary.Jim Clark,a California driving instructor,suggests a least amount of three seconds'following distance.To figure this,pick an object on the roadside ahead.When the car in front of you passes it,start counting one-thousand-one,one-thousand-two,one-thousand-three.If you get to that object before you reach one-thousand-three,you don't have three seconds of following time --- time needed to keep away from accidents. Let followers pass."If someone's driving after you,get out of his way,"Clark advises."You're better of being safe than right." Expect the worst.In a study,the Federal Highway Administration found that 68 percent of drivers do not come to a complete stop at stop signs.When you're driving and see someone come near to a stop sing,assume the person's not going to stop. And when you stop at a crossing and another car comes near with its turn signal on,don't take it true that the driver will turn.Instead,wait until he turns.He may have had the signal on for miles. Stay outside.In crowd,multilane traffic,drive in either the outside--left or outside--right lane."That allows you somewhere to go if a problem develops,"traffic expert Francis Kenel says."If you're in the middle,all you can do is to pause from time to time." When you finish counting"one-thousand-three",you have .
|
[
"driven one thousand and three metres",
"kept three seconds'distance from other cars",
"counted a lot of numbers",
"kept a long distance from the object"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We often use the words "growth" and "development" as if they meant basically the same thing. But this may not always be the case. One can easily imagine instances in which a country has achieved higher levels of income (growth) with little or no benefit coming to most of its citizens (development). In the past, most development policies were aimed at increasing the growth rate of income per capita . Many are still based on the theory that benefit of economic growth will come to all members of society. If this theory is correct, growth should encourage development. By the early 1970s, however, the relationship between growth and development was being questioned. A major study by the World Bank in 1974 concluded that it is now clear that more than decades of rapid growth in developing countries has been of little benefit to a third of their population. The World Bank study showed that increase in GNP per capita did not promise important improvements in such development indicators as nutrition, health, and education. Although GNP per capita did indeed rise, its benefit came down to only a small part of the population. This realization gives rise to a call for new development policies. These new policies favor agriculture over industry, call for national redistribution of income and wealth, and encourage programs to satisfy such basic needs as food and shelter. In the late 1970s and early 1980s the international macroeconomic crises of high oil prices, worldwide recession and the third world debt, forced attention away from programs designed to get rid of poverty. However, the lesson remains: economic growth does not promise economic development. Efforts may be required to change growing output capacity into economic benefit that reaches most of a nation's people. According tothe study by the World Bank in 1974, economic growth in some backward countries brought _ .
|
[
"benefit to a third of their population",
"benefit to two thirds of their population",
"little benefit to their people",
"no benefit at all to their people"
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a goat?
|
[
"35 grams",
"35 kilograms"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
New software is able to analyze exactly how many hairs there are in a patch of skin and could help in testing the effectiveness of baldness treatments and depilatory creams, say Australian researchers. Researchers from CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences in prefix = st1 /Sydneyreport their findings in the November issue of the journalSkin Research and Technology. The software, developed with a UKcompany, will make it easier for researchers developing hair removal creams to accurately assess how well they work, says Dr Pascal Vallotton. "Up to now they were counting the number of hairs that survived after treatment by hand. That's hard work and it's difficult because you may count a hair twice or you may miss it." he said. The software relies on images captured by a small flatbed scanner pressed onto the skin. Using a mathematical algorithm , the software then identifies and traces each individual hair based on an understanding of a hair's unique features, such as its straightness. The software is able to distinguish between hairs and other features on the skin such as wounds or moles . "Our skin irregularities make it difficult to say this is a hair or this is a mole," Dr Vallotton said. Comparison between earlier and later images can also determine if hair is growing quickly or slowly, he says. Unfortunately, to check the accuracy of the software, the researchers still had to adopt the old-fashioned method of counting hairs, helped by volunteers from neighboring labs who put their skins on the line for science. "We had 12 volunteers, mostly from neighboring labs, and we acquired images of hair before and after treatment," Dr Vallotton said. To ensure an accurate count, the individual hairs had to be marked off as they were counted, but after such a laborious process, the researchers were pleased to discover the software results were comparable to the manual count. Dr Vallotton says the software could also be useful in testing the effectiveness of balding treatments and counting or tracing substances other than hairs, that are long and thin and otherwise difficult to image. What did the 12 volunteers do in the experiment?
|
[
"They counted the hairs by hand.",
"They divided the hairs into parts.",
"They controlled laborious process.",
"They offered their hair for experiment."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Little Mary is a good girl. She's in Grade 2 now. Her home is not far from school, but she is often late for class because she likes watching TV, listening to music in the evening and she goes to bed very late. So she can't get up on time in the morning. This term Mr White, Mary's uncle, works in her school. He teaches Grade 2 history. He often tells Mary to follow the school rules and come to school on time. Today Mary get up late again. When she comes to school, it is 8:15 . Her uncle is waiting for her at the school gate. "You are ten minutes late for the first class." Mr White says angrily . "Why are you often late for class?" "Every time when I get to the street corner , I always see a sign . It says 'SCHOOL-GO SLOW! ' " says Mary. Mary is a _ year student.
|
[
"fifth",
"second",
"first",
"three"
] | 1B
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is a matter of common observation that although money income keeps going up over the years, we never seem to become richer. Prices are rising continuously. This condition is what we call inflation: the money supply is becoming inflated so that each unit of it becomes less valuable. We have got used to higher and higher rates of inflation in recent years. What could be bought twenty years ago for one pound now costs well over 2 pounds. And at present this rate of inflation seems to be rising rather than falling. If in the real world our money incomes go up at the same rate as prices do. One might think that inflation doesn't matter. _ When money is losing value it also loses one of the qualities of a good money--stability of value. It is no longer acceptable as a store of value; and it becomes an unsuitable means of delayed payment. Nobody wants to hold a wasting possession, so people try to get rid of money as quickly as possible. Inflation therefore simply stimulates our spending and discourages saving. .We can conclude according to the passage that _ .
|
[
"the writer is a government official",
"the writer is worried about inflation",
"the writer encourages people to spend money",
"the writer has become richer because of inflation"
] | 1B
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to the foundation of the World Wide Web. Britain played an important part in developing the first generation of computers. The parents of Tim Berners-Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial computers and talked about their work at home. As a child he would build models of computers from packing material. After graduating from Oxford University he went on to the real thing. In the 1980s, scientists were already communicating using a primitive version of e-mail. While working at a laboratory in Switzerland, Tim Berners-Lee wrote a program, which let him store these messages. This gave him another idea: write a program that will let academics from across the world share information on a single place. In 1990 he wrote the HTTP and HTML programs which form the basis of the World Wide Web. The next year his programs were placed on to the Internet. Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could. Programmers used this codes to work with different operating systems. New things like web browsers and search engines were developed. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000. In 1994 Tim Berners-Lee formed the newly formed World Wide Web consortium , or W3C. More than 200 leading companies and laboratories are represented by W3C. Together they make sure that everyone can share equally on the web. "The Web can help people to understand the way that others live and love. It helps us understand the humanity of people." he says. Tim Berners-Lee decided to write a program that would let academics from across the world share information on a single place when .
|
[
"he was a child",
"he studied in Oxford University",
"he formed W3C",
"he worked at a lab in Switzerland"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of three ducks. Which duck was moving at the lowest speed?
|
[
"a duck that moved 430miles east in 10hours",
"a duck that moved 525miles north in 10hours",
"a duck that moved 555miles north in 10hours"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If you walk around any large city, you'll find a coffee shop on every corner. Many shops offer comfortable sofas, large screen televisions and sometimes even live music. More and more teenagers are hanging out there. My pre-teen has already done so after school once a month, but she always orders fruit juice. I think she would drink coffee sooner or later, so I started doing some research online. I found that coffee in moderation could be safe, but one thing that was constant online was the chance of becoming addicted to coffee. Coffee is one step up from soda but still not as dangerous as energy drinks or alcohol. Still, any addiction is hard to break, so I needed to come up with a plan that would protect my child. Coffee shops offer a safe place for teenagers to hang out. As like anything else you let your children do, you need to set limits. Drinking coffee while socializing once or twice a week won't cause a severe caffeine addiction. However, you should avoid allowing a cup of coffee every morning and ensure they get adequate sleep each night, which will make them less likely to feel the need to drink coffee. As parents, we have responsibility to set a good example. If you're addicted to caffeine, it's time to start monitoring your intake. If you drink much water and keep healthier drink options in your fridge and at your dinner table, your teenager will follow you. I drink much water and so do both my children. _ As a mother, I'm ready to allow my child to try coffee and we'll talk about it and discuss the pros and cons of consuming this. I feel open communication is vital in helping them make good decisions. Although the decision to drink coffee doesn't pose the same dangers as underage drinking, it still deserves a thoughtful conversation. The author began to do research on coffee in order to _
|
[
"offer some good advice to coffee shops",
"guide her daughter to drink coffee properly",
"stop her daughter hanging out in coffee shops",
"let her daughter believe that fruit juice is healthy"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If I wanted to maintain energy I could
|
[
"Jump for hours",
"carry heavy weights",
"Run for hours",
"leisure nap"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's important for us to be healthy.But how can we keep healthy? First,you should eat fruit and vegetables three or four times a week.Then eat sonic tofu every day because it's good for people,both the young and the old Milk is also necessary ,especially for women.So you should have milk twice a day.It can help you to be strong Next,doing more exercises is better.You can do morning exercises or evening exercises.After supper you should take a walk. Why do the people have milk?
|
[
"It's delicious.",
"It's a drink.",
"It's bad for you.",
"It can help you keep strong."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following factors inhibits non-haem iron bioavailability the most?
|
[
"Phytic acid",
"Citric acid",
"Vegetable protein",
"Calcium"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu
|
Can plants eat people? Probably not,but there are many plants that eat meat.Some of them are big.And they can eat small animals.One famous meat-eating plant is the Venus flytrap . The Venus flytrap is a very strange plant.It grows in dry parts of the United States.Its leaves are like the pages of a book.They can open and close very quickly.Inside the leaves,there are three small hairs.If a fly touches one of the hairs,the leaf closes quickly.The fly cannot get out.In about half an hour,the leaf _ the fly until it is dead.Then,the plant covers the fly.Slowly,the plant eats the fly. Why do plants do it? Most plants get what they need from the sun,the air,and the ground.In some places,the ground is very poor.It doesn't have all these important things, especially nitrogen .Animal meat has a lot of nitrogen, so some plants eat meat to get what they need.Let's hope that some of the bigger plants don't get the same idea ! From the passage,we learn that _ .
|
[
"all plants can eat people",
"all plants can eat animals",
"some plants can eat people",
"some plants can eat animals"
] | 3D
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the temperature shown by this thermometer.
|
[
"40°C",
"50°C",
"15°C"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Recently a Beijing father asked what "PK' meant at an Internet forum. "My family has been watching the ' Super Girl' singing competition TV programme . My little daughter asked me what'PK'meant. but I had no idea. "explained the puzzled father. To a lot of Chinese young people who have been playing games online. it is impossible not to know this term. In such Internet games, "PK" is short for -Player Kill", in which two players fight until one ends the life of the other. In the case of the -Super Girl" singing competition, "PK" was used to refer to the stage where two singers have to compete with each other for only one chance to go up in competition ranking. Like this father, Chinese teachers at high schools have also been finding their students' compositions using Internet jargons which are difficult to understand. A high school teacher from Tianjin asked her students to write compositions with simple language, but they came up with a lot of Internet jargons that she didn't understand. "My 'GG' came back this summer from college. He told me I've grown up to be a 'PLMM' . I loved to 'FB' with him together ; he always took me to the 'KPM' . " went one composition. "GG" means Ge Ge (Chinese pinyin for brother) . "PLMM" refers to Piao Liang Mei Hei (beautiful girl). "FB" means Fu Bai (corruption). "KPM" is short for KFC. Pizza Hut and McDonald's. Some specialists welcome Internet jargons as a new development in language. If you do not even know what a Kong Long (dinosaur. referring to an ugly looking female) or a Qing Wa (frog. referring to an ugly looking male) is, you will possibly be regarded as a Cai Niao! What does the writer think about the term "PK'?
|
[
"Fathers can' t possibly know it.",
"The daughter should understand it.",
"Online game players may know it.",
"\"Super Girl\" shouldn't have used it."
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Jean Driscoll can go faster in her wheelchair than the world's best marathoners can run! In April, Jean finished the Boston Marathon in 1 hour 34 minutes 22 seconds. That's about 33 minutes faster than the winning male runner! She competed on the track, too. She was second in the 800 meter wheelchair race at the 1992 Olympics. Jean doesn't like to be told she's brave. "I'm in sports because I'm a competitive person!" Jean was born with spina befida , a birth illness that damages the spine . She began to use a wheelchair to get around in high school. Then she tried wheelchair race and was amazed." Players crashed into each other and fell out of their chairs," she says, "It was fun." Jean tried other wheelchair sports. At the University of Illinois, her wheelchair basketball team won two national titles. Now Jean coaches and teaches. She tries to get people to set goals. "When I sign my a utograph ,says Jean, "I write, dream big and work hard." What kind of education did she receive?
|
[
"High school.",
"Junior middle school.",
"Primary school.",
"High education."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Red squirrels have been wiped out from a large area of northern Italy, threatening a further biodiversity crisis for the species similar to its near extinction in the British Isles. There are now no red squirrels left in an area of more than 1,150 square kilometres (sq km) in Piedmont, according to research from the universities of Turin, Genoa and Varese. On the edge of this large region, the species is also under threat from the invasions of grey squirrels. If the spread of the grey squirrel continues uncontrolled, the species could spread as far as France, the scientists fear. They are calling for more research and control and conservation measures aimed at preserving the remaining red squirrel populations and containing the spread of the greys. Grey squirrels were introduced into Italy ly recently, in 1948. They were a gift from the US ambassador and kept in Turin, but escaped into the wild and rapidly colonized the surrounding area - despite warnings from the UK, where importing grey squirrels was forbidden from before the Second World War, when the destructive effects of having imported greys in the 1880s had become clear. Grey squirrels are not only more aggressive than the native European red squirrel, which causes them to invade red-dominated areas and take over, but they also carry a deadly virus, the squirrel pox. While greys are largely immune to the virus, it is deadly to red squirrels, which typically die within one or two weeks of being infected. From only four animals in 1948, at Stupinigi near Turin, the greys spread rapidly in recent years. Until 1970 the distribution of greys was limited to the Stupinigi woods, occupying an area of about 12 sq km. By 1990 this area had expanded to more than 200 sq km, stretching mainly southwards into the Cuneo province. By 2000, grey squirrels occupied 900 sq km and this year, fresh research from the three universities shows that their distribution now extends to more than 2,000 sq km. In more than half of that area, the native reds have been entirely wiped out, and in the remainder they are under severe threat. Red squirrels are nearly extinct in Northern Italy as a result of_.
|
[
"the biodiversity crisis",
"the invasion of grey squirrels",
"being weaker than other animals",
"the similar extinction in the British Isles"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Steve has naturally curly hair.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Based on this information, what is Roy's phenotype for the Marfan syndrome trait?
|
[
"having Marfan syndrome",
"not having Marfan syndrome"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Researchers conducting a study of hospital stays for over two hundred and eighty six thousand older folks found something interesting in their data. The number of hospitalizations for heart disease and stroke went down significantly among a certain group of people at a certain time of year. What folks, and what time of year, you ask? Flu season and the lucky people were the ones who got flu shots . It's generally recommended that people over fifty get their flu shots every year. Influenza is no small thing. it's responsible for around thirty six thousand deaths a year in the U. S. alone. Getting the shots also cuts down on the chances of getting pneumonia , which is especially dangerous in seniors. But what wasn't known was that there seems to be an added benefit to getting a flu shots in terms of _ heart problems. The data,in fact, are quite strong in suggesting this is the case. In this study, flu shots cut clown the number of hospitalizations for heart disease by nineteen percent. Stroke went down sixteen percent one season and a whopping twenty-three percent a second season.These are big results. So what's the connection between getting a flu shot and having a stronger heart? It isn't yet known. Researchers speculate that the flu virus itself may do damage to blood vessels , possibly making clots more likely. Blood clots in the heart can cause heart attacks, and blood clots in the brain can cause strokes. Whatever the specific details are, there's one more good reason to follow your doctor' s advice and get that annual flu shot. The benefits of getting flu shots can be listed except that _ .
|
[
"it can cut down on the chances of getting pneumonia",
"it can cut down the number of hospitalizations for heart disease",
"it can kill the flu virus",
"if can make blood clots"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A breathtaking trick potentially left over from our ancestors might be found in us -- the ability to sense oxygen through our skin. Amphibians, animals such as frogs that can live both on land and in water, have long been known to be capable of breathing through their skin. In fact, the first known lungless frog that breathes only through its skin was discovered recently in the rivers of Borneo. Now the same oxygen sensors found in frog skins and in the lungs of mammals have unexpectedly been discovered in the skin of mice. "No one had ever looked," explained Randall Johnson, a biologist researcher. Mice and frogs are quite distant relatives, so the fact they have these molecules in common in their skin suggests they might well be found in the skin of other mammals, such as humans. "We have no reason to think that they are not in the skin of people too," Johnson said. These molecules not only detect oxygen, but help increase levels of vital red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Normal mice breathing in air that is 10 percent oxygen--a dangerously low level similar to conditions at the top of Mount Everest, and about half that of air at sea level. However, mice that had the oxygen sensor HIF-1a genetically removed from their skin failed to produce this hormone even after hours of such low oxygen. These findings, if they hold true in humans, suggest one could raise the level of oxygen circulating inside the body. This could help treat lung diseases and disorders such as anemia without injecting drugs, which make up a multibillion-dollar market, Johnson said. Athletes also often try to get more oxygen delivered to their muscles in order to improve their performance. They often do this by training at high altitudes or in low-oxygen tents. The new study suggests they might want to expose their skin as well as breathing in low-oxygen air to improve their performance. "It's hard to say what exactly might be done, however--there's a lot we don't know yet," Johnson explained. The scientists detailed their findings in the April 18 issue of the journal Cell. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"It has long been expected oxygen sensors exist in mice's skin.",
"People have to surf the Internet to read detailed findings.",
"It has been proved that these findings help treat lung diseases.",
"Johnson believes that Oxygen sensors also exist in human skin."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which describes a specific characteristic necessary for survival in the desert?
|
[
"conserving water",
"hiding from predators",
"hibernating for long periods",
"producing many offspring"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Global warming and changing climatic conditions are triggering disease epidemics in wildlife around the world, reports a famous team of ecologists and epidemiologists in the Friday June 21st issue of Science. "What is most surprising is the fact that climate sensitive outbreaks are happening with so many different types of pathogens ----viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites----as well as in such a wide range of hosts including corals, oysters, terrestrial plants, birds, and humans, " says lead author Drew Harvell of Cornell University. "This isn't just a question of coral bleaching for a few marine ecologists, nor just a question of malaria for a few health officials---the number of similar increases in disease incidence is astonishing," says coauthor Richard Ostfeld from the Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook prefix = st1 /New York. "We don't want to be alarmists, but we are alarmed." The team documented examples of viruses, bacteria, and fungi associated with diseases that develop more rapidly with slight rises in temperature. Many vectors of disease such as mosquitoes, flies, and rodents, as well as the viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens are highly temperature and moisture sensitive. As temperature increases, _ are likely to spread into new areas and may have potentially devastating effects on wildlife populations that have not been previously exposed. Reproduction, growth, and biting rates of insects all go up with increases of temperature. Winter is the limiting time for many pathogens, killing back populations each year. With milder winters, this population bottleneck may be removed for many species. Warmer, longer summers also mean that the period of time of disease transmission is longer. Warmer summers may increase host susceptibility to disease due to thermal stress, particularly in the oceans. Marine bacteria and fungal growth rates are positively correlated with increasing temperature. According to the passage, the report was written by _ .
|
[
"Drew Harvell",
"Richard Ostfeld",
"Drew Harvell and Richard Ostfeld",
"A team of ecologists and epidemiologists"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Men and women have different tastes in food, with men favoring meat and poultry , and women fruits and vegetables, researchers said in what was said to be the most extensive study so far of gender differences in eating habits. More than 14,000 adult men and women, were surveyed from May 2006 to April 2007, for the Foodbome Disease Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), to determine their eating habits, including high risk foods such as undercooked meat and eggs. "To our knowledge, there have been studies in the literature on gender differences in eating habits, but nothing this extensive," the epidemiologist told the 2008 International Conference on Infectious Diseases in Atlanta, Georgia. Researchers found that men were more likely to eat meat and poultry, especially duck, _ , and ham, and certain shellfish such as shrimp and oysters. Women instead were more likely to eat vegetables, especially carrots and tomatoes, and fruits, especially strawberries, blueberries, raspberries and apples. Women also preferred dry foods, such as almonds and walnuts, and were more likely to consume eggs and yogurt when compared with men. There were also some exceptions to the eating trends of each gender: men were significantly more likely to eat asparagus and brussels sprouts than women, while women were more likely to consume fresh hamburgers as opposed to the frozen kind, which the men preferred. And regarding high risk foods, the researchers found that significantly more men consumed undercooked meat and eggs than women, while more women were more likely to eat alfalfa sprouts. Men's preference for meat explains why men have more cases than women when it comes to high cholesterol , the study said. According to the passage, men tend to eat the following foods EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"ham",
"yogurt",
"shrimp",
"poultry"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Bob was happy. He was at a new school, and the other students were friendly. "Hi, Bob!" They said. But some students said, "Hi, Peter!" Bob didn't understand. He asked another student, " Why do some students call me Peter?" "Oh, that is easy to answer," the student said. "Peter was a student here last year. Now, he goes to a different school. You like Peter. Some students think that you are Peter." Bob wanted to meet Peter. He got Peter's address from a student and went to Peter's house. Peter opened the door. Bob couldn't believe his eyes. He looked really like Peter! Bob and Peter had the same color eyes and the same smile. They had the same black hair. They also had the same birthday. Bob and Peter found out that they were twin brothers. They both were adopted by two different families. Soon after the boys born, one family adopted Bob, and another family adopted Peter. Bob's family never knew about Peter, and Peter's family never knew about Bob, either. How did Bob feel when he saw Peter?
|
[
"He felt very sad.",
"He was greatly surprised.",
"He felt that Peter was very funny.",
"He was very angry because they looked the same."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Interactive Home-security Systems Tarik Celebi, who lives in San Francisco suburb, takes his home-security system with him to work, to dinner, just about anywhere.By his cell phone, he "arms" his home-security alarm from his car before he leaves for work.During his workday, he gets e-mail alerts every time his front door opens, even though he's miles away.If the door opens at an unusual time -say midday when no one should be coming or going - he can order a 30-second video clip from the camera that watches the door.If it's just his mother-in-law getting a package delivery, no worries. Celebi is one of the first users of the latest interactive home-security systems.In addition to sounding alarms when the house is broken into and notifying homeowners or police, as traditional systems do, the interactive systems give users new ways to remotely control their systems and their home environment.Different from traditional home-security alarms, which homeowners typically have to press buttons on a keypad to turn on before they leave their homes, the interactive systems enable consumers to arm and disarm systems from smart phones, iPads and PCs, no matter where they are. Most traditional systems are set up to sound an alarm if doors or windows are opened. The interactive systems give homeowners more options.For example, users can elect when they want to be notified.They might want an e-mail or a text every time a door is opened, or only during the hours of 3 to 4 p.m., when kids come home from school.Like Celebi, they can add cameras and get video clips when doors open.That could be helpful in making sure kids aren't bringing friends home when they're not supposed to. Nationwide, about 20% of homes have.traditional home-security systems.About half stop using them because they tire of the trouble.Being able to arm systems even while dashing to the subway or while at work will increase their usage of the new interactive systems.Although the new functions add costs to home security, the interactive-systems are believed to push home-security systems' usage rates closer to 30%, which would be a big movement for an industry that's been largely stuck at 20% for the past decade."We all know it's going to get bigger, though we don't know how long it's going to take," Eric Taylor, an officer from San Francisco Security Department says. What may Celebi first do if his front door opens at a wrong time when he is away?
|
[
"Inform the police.",
"Call his mother-in-law.",
"Arm the security alarm.",
"Observe through video."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Even as Google plans to test its fleet of self-driving cars on public roads this summer, its business model remains a bit of a mystery. By 2025, as many as 250,000 self-driving vehicles could be sold each year globally, according to a study by an industry research firm. "Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions of people," said Chris Urmson, director of Google's self-driving car project. For now, Google has no plans to sell any of its self-driving cars. They are strictly for research. But they will hit public roads this summer near Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California. Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses. The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator or brake pedal. "Our software and sensors do all the work," Urmson said. "The vehicles will be very basic -- we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible -- but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button." The prototype are the first of a 100-car fleet the tech giant is building. In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads -- the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error -- and fewer traffic jams. Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can't drive because of age or illness. Google has said that self-driving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don't own. The company has already tested other types of self-driving cars on public streets, including modified Lexus sport-utility vehicles, under a special permit program by the California Department of Motor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls. The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars, including Delphi, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Tesla, Bosch and Nissan. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerators and brake pedals to allow "safety drivers" to take control if needed. Google says the cars are safe. The vehicles have sensors that "can detect objects out to a distance of more than two football fields in all directions, which is especially helpful on busy streets with lots of intersections," Urmson said. "We're looking forward to learning how the community understands and interacts with the vehicles, and to uncovering challenges that are unique to a fully self-driving vehicle," Urmson said. What is the best title for this passage?
|
[
"Google's Self-driving Car Graduates to City Streets",
"Google's Self-driving Car Enjoys Global Popularity",
"Self-driving Car Meets New Challenges",
"Self-driving Car Avoids Human Errors"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists have recently discovered that mothers tend to hold their baby on the left.Of 255 right-handed mothers,83% held the baby on the left.And out of 32 left-handed women,78%held the baby on the left As a control( ),women were watched coming from supermarkets carrying baby-sized bags;the bags were held with no side preference. Then,dental patients were given a large rubber ball to hold during treatment.The majority held the ball to their left side,even when it was interrupted with the dentist's activities. This suggested that in times of stress objects are held against the left side. At that point,something clearly contrary was observed.A large number of mothers who brought their premature babies to a clinic were seen to hold their babies against their right side. So,115 mothers who had been separated from their babies for 24 hours after birth were observed for holding response.The experimenters presented the baby directly to midline of the mother's body, and noted how she held the baby.53% placed the baby on the left and 47% on the right.And it was also noted that the mothers of the group who had held their baby on the left had already had a baby from which they had not been separated after birth. Left-handed holding enables the baby to hear the heartbeat.In order to discover whether hearing the heart has a beneficial effect on the baby,the sound of a human heart-beat was played to 102 babies in a New York nursery for 4 days.A control group of babies was not exposed to heart-beats.The babies in the heart-beat group gained more weight and cried far less than the babies in the control group. Scientists found that.
|
[
"left-handed women tend to hold their babies on the right",
"more right-handed women than left-handed women tend to hold their babies on the left",
"only right-handed women tend to hold their babies on the correct side",
"women who hold their babies on the left are nearly all right-handed"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The flower petals of a hydrangea plant change color as the acidity of the soil changes. The color changes are directly related to which factor?
|
[
"gravitropism",
"photosynthesis",
"geographic location",
"environmental conditions"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One of the most striking findings of a recent questionnaire in the UK is that of the people interviewed, one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with. Why are many people finding it increasingly difficult to start and keep close relationships? Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love? Or are we making it harder for ourselves? It is certainly the case today that nowadays couples benefit in different ways from relationships. Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status. A man doesn't expect his wife to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his children. But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence. In theory, finding a partner should be much simpler these days. Only a few generations ago,your choice of soul mate was limited by geography, social convention and family tradition. Although it was never clear, many marriages were essentially arranged. Now those barriers have been broken down. You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening. When the world is your oyster , you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl. But it seems that the traditions have been replaced by an even tighter restriction:the limitation of choice. The expectations of partners are made greater to an unmanageable degree:good looks, impressive salary, kind to grandmother, and so on. There is no room for error in the first impression. We think that a relationship can be perfect. If it isn't,it is intended to be thrown away. We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship. Twelve-hour work at the office makes relaxed after-hours dating difficult. The cost of housing and child-raising creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership. People don't want to give up their independence because _ .
|
[
"they can't bear arranged marriages",
"they want to have more choices",
"they don't want to follow traditions",
"they think they can live happily alone"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sleep deprivation is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests. It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and computers in bedroom late at night. Sleep deprivation is such a serious problem that lessons have to be dragged down to a lower level to suit sleep-deprived learners, the study found. The international comparison, carried out by Boston College, found the United States to have the highest number of sleep-deprived students, with 73% of 9- and 10-year-olds and 80% of 13- and 14-year-olds identified by their teachers as being negatively affected. In literacy tests there were 76% of 9- and 10-year-olds lacking sleep. This was much higher than the international average of 47% of primary pupils needing more sleep and 57% among the secondary age group. Other countries with the most sleep-deprived youngsters were New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Australia, England, Ireland and France. High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. Countries with the best records for getting enough sleep include Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Japan and Malta. The analysis was part of the huge date-gathering process for global education rankings, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study(PIRLS) "I think we underestimate the impact of sleep. Our data show that across countries internationally, on average, children who have more sleep achieve higher in maths, science and reading. That is exactly what our data show," says Chad Minnich of the TIMSS and PIRLS International Study Center. "It's the same link for children who are lacking basic nutrition," says Mr Minnich, based at the Lynch School of Education, Boston College. "If you are unable to concentrate, to attend mentally, you are unable to achieve at your best level, because your mind and body are in need of something more basic. Sleep is a fundamental need for all children. If teachers report such large proportions of children suffering from lack of sleep, it's having a significant impact. But worse than that, teachers are having to adjust their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down instruction." That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering. Which of the following countries has the most sleep-deprived students?
|
[
"Japan",
"Malta",
"Finland",
"Portugal"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hello,everyone! My name is Emily.I'm 38 years old and live in a small city near New York now.Three years ago.I started to learn Russian.I once had a Russian friend.We used to meet twice a month and have some coffee and a talk together.However, she went to China later, so nobody can help me with my Russian.I hope to find an outgoing Russian girl to help me learn more about Russian culture.I can help you with your English or Spanish.I can also speak a little Chinese.I have many friends in this city and they think I'm friendly.I think we'll be good friends and have much good time. If you like to be my friend, you can email me at [email protected]'m sorry for writing in English but it would take me too long to express myself in Russian. Hope to hear from you soon. Emily Emily's friends think she is _ .
|
[
"creative",
"serious",
"kind",
"shy"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Laws that would have ensured pupils from five to 16 received a full financial education got lost in the 'wash up'. An application is calling on the next government to bring it back. At school the children are taught to add up and subtract but, extraordinarily, are not routinely shown how to open a bank account -- let alone how to manage their finances in an increasingly complex and demanding world. Today the parenting website Mumsnet and the consumer campaigner Martin Lewis have joined forces to launch an online application to make financial education a compulsory element of the school curriculum in England. Children from five to 16 should be taught about everything from pocket money to pensions, they say. And that was exactly the plan preserved in the Children, Schools and Families bill that was shelved by the government in the so-called "wash-up" earlier this month -- the rush to legislation before parliament was dismissed. Consumer and parent groups believe financial education has always been one of the most frustrating omissions of the curriculum. As the Personal Finance Education Group (Pfeg) points out, the good habits of young children do not last long. Over 75% of seven- to 11-year-olds are savers but by the time they get to 17, over half of them are in debt to family and friends. By this age, 26% see a credit card or overdraft as a way of extending their spending power. Pfeg predicts that these young people will "find it much harder to avoid the serious unexpected dangers that have befallen many of their parents' generation unless they receive good quality financial education while at school." The UK has been in the worst financial recession for generations. It does seem odd that -- unless parents step in -- young people are left in the dark until they are cruelly introduced to the world of debt when they turn up at university. In a recent poll of over 8,000 people, 97% supported financial education in schools, while 3% said it was a job for parents. The passage is mainly about _ .
|
[
"how to manage school lessons",
"teaching young people about money",
"how to deal with the financial crisis",
"teaching students how to study effectively"
] | 1B
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Squirrels often communicate with whistles, chirps and chucks, which sound like the word "chuck". Whistles and chirps are like the sounds that many birds make.Now scientists have translated some of their squirrel-speak. Hare, a professor of zoology at the University of Maniloha in Winnipeg, and his team managed to record squirrels' alarm calls.The researchers studied the sounds and then played them back to 60 wild squirrels, which the scientists approached individually with a video recorder to capture their reponses.Some squirrels lifted their heads up and became.Alert .Creatures that were more frightened simply ran for their lives and dived into caves. "In effect then, whistles that mix with chucks say 'there's an enemy of average threat that's here', and whistles without chucks say 'there's an enemy of seemingly average threat around here somewhere', while pure chirps say, 'I'm hiding here because there's an immediate danger.' " Hare told.Discovery News. Hare and some other researchers believe such sounds arc part of an advanced language that develops just as all other communication systems. Although squirrels risk their lives when they call out to warn others of threats, other squirrels might admire this behaviour, thus increasingly the caller's social status, like humans who look up to heroes. Hare added that other animals, such as birds, probably understand at least some squirrel language, since they also may benefit from the alarm calls. In fact, another Canadian study found that deep-voiced, black-capped chickadees have their own language too.According to certain research, there are a lot of tidings in chickadees' calls, such as directing fellows' activities, keeping in contact between mates, and raising alarms. While chickadees and other birds are often welcomed into gardens by homeowners, squirrels are frequently viewed as pests . Hare wishes a greater understanding of the complex social lives and communication systems of squirrels will provide "hope that humans will gain a greater appreciation and stop doing harm to these animals". What can be learned from this text?
|
[
"Squirrels communicate with cach other as humans do.",
"Some squirrels understand the recorded alarm calls.",
"Other animals also well understand the language of squirrels.",
"Birds such as chickadees don't have their own language."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Let's face it.No one drinks die t soda for the taste.People drink diet soda in the hope that it will help them lose weight or at least keep them from gaining it.Yet it seems to have exactly the opposite effect, according to a new study. Researchers from the University of Texas said those who drank two or more diet sodas a day had waist size increases that were six times greater than those of people who didn't drink diet soda."What we saw was that the more diet sodas a person drank, the more weight they were likely to gain," said Sharon Fowler. The study was based on data from 474 participants in a large, ongoing research project, where the participants were followed for nearly l0 years. While the findings are surprising, they also offer some explanations. Nutrition expert, Melanie Rogers, who works with overweight patients in New York, has found that when patients are switched from regular to diet soda, they don't lose weight at all."We weren't seeing weight loss necessarily, and that was confusing to us," said Rogers. So why would diet soda cause weight gain? No one knows for sure yet, but it could be that people think they can eat more if they drink diet soda, and so over-compensate for the missing calories( ). A related study found some sweeteners raised blood sugar levels in some mice." Data from this and other potential studies suggest that the promotion of diet sodas and artificial sweeteners may be risky," said study researcher Helen P.Hazuda, professor at the University of Texas's school of medicine. Theymay be free of calories, but not of consequences. We can learn from the passage that _ .
|
[
"diet soda drinkers tend to eat more food",
"regular soda makes people lose more weight",
"most blood diseases come from diet soda",
"diet soda does help reduce calories"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If a person wants to watch the eclipse
|
[
"it's best to go without sunglasses",
"it's best to use a telescope",
"it's best to just look at it",
"it's best to use eye protection"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compared to similar-sized gasoline-powered vehicles, electric-gasoline-hybrid vehicles are primarily designed to
|
[
"produce more horsepower.",
"eliminate greenhouse gas emissions.",
"operate independently of fossil fuels.",
"provide better gas mileage."
] | 3D
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I know it is wrong to envy your children. But when I see my son, Tonio and his younger brother Sam going down a slide together, one's arm around the other, I know I have missed something wonderful. Not only did I never have a brother, but also I had no friendships like theirs. My sister was old enough to help take care of me, so she was more a mother than a playmate, and I was more a _ than a friend. A brother would have been wonderful, but it was not in the family planning. Now I finally live with brothers, my sons, Tonio and Sam. I am watching them build the kind of relationship that I once dreamed about. They go to bed together. When one comes into our bed after a nightmare, my wife and I know that before morning his brother will follow. Sam manages the world with more ease than his elder brother, whose frustrations often bring him to tears. With a sincere "Smile, Tonio," Sam is the one who comforts him. Tonio, on the other hand, has stopped playing with boys at his age who don't like playing with Sam. They are always backing each other up. I don't know what kind of relationship they will have when they grow up. Parents always want their children to have what they never could. I want them to have each other. So I imagine them going to the same college, marrying sisters and living on the same block. That's why I was so worried the day Tonio started kindergarten. I felt that I would lose something too. As we headed for school that morning, both boys seemed relaxed, as if neither had any idea that the day was going to be different, that starting then, Tonio would be leaving behind his brother, his best friend, his right arm. Tonio's first day was chaotic, with hundreds of children outside looking for their teachers. Before any of us could say goodbye, Tonio disappeared with his new classmates. He turned to wave and then was gone. It was so sudden. Sam even didn' t see him go. Although parents had been asked to ease the craziness of the first day by statying out of the school, I lifted Sam up and took him to Tonio's classroom, looking for a glimpse of Tonio. Sam spotted him first. My wife and I didn't head back home immediately, stopping instead at a coffee shop to treat Sam to hot chocolate. We even let him eat ice-cream with his fingers. Sam was still quiet, so I asked him if he missed his brother already. He didn't answer. Instead he asked, "Daddy, is Tonio going to be gone forever?" "No, Sammy," I said, feeling happy about his sweet question. "Not forever, just until three o'clock." I sometimes think that the greatest thing I have ever done is to help create these brothers. And I didn't stop with them. We had another child, and for the third time in a row, it was a boy. It wasn't long before his brothers climbed into the crib to play with him. I am surrounded by brothers. On the first day of the kindergarten, _ .
|
[
"Tonio had a nice day playing with his new classmates",
"Sam was very sad because Tonio was gone forever",
"Sam was allowed to have ice-cream with fingers as usual",
"the father felt happy when he sensed Sam's love to Tonio"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which instrument would be best to measure the volume of a liquid?
|
[
"a pan balance",
"a stopwatch",
"a thermometer",
"a graduated cylinder"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Report Card London Woodland School Name: Alan Class: 5 Grade: 8 Grade teacher: Mr Jim Green English: Good work this term. He has a good memory and is good at speaking. A Maths: Good. But sometimes he is careless. B History: He knows a lot about British history, but little about other countries. B Geography: He is a clever student but sometimes doesn't do his best. C Home Economics: Good. He likes it best. He can do things for himself. A Alan does well in _ . .
|
[
"English and Home Economics",
"English and Geography",
"Maths and Geography",
"History and Geography"
] | 0A
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with you eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your finger-tips. With existing medical knowledge and skills, two-thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries posses most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not. ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC-8 aircraft, there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation among countries. ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programs. ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs is China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS is working on a long-term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care service to Shanxi Province. ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness. For just US$38,you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training programme for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your money can open their eyes to the world. Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves. ORRIS aims to help the blind by _ .
|
[
"teaching medical students",
"training doctors and nurses",
"running flying hospitals globally",
"setting up non-profit organization"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
After a race, a newspaper lists the names of the five fastest runners. Another method that could be used to identify the five fastest runners is to make a chart that shows the
|
[
"average of the speeds of the runners.",
"total distance for each runner.",
"time it took each runner to run the race.",
"percentage of the runners who finished the race."
] | 2C
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Edwin acquired this trait?
|
[
"Edwin learned to identify insects by reading many books about insects.",
"Edwin likes to look at butterflies and beetles."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
WASHINGTON-School lunches have been called many things, but a group of retired military officers is giving them a new label: national security threat. That's not a reference to the mystery meat served up in the cafeteria line either. The retired officers are saying that school lunches have helped make the nation's young people so fat that fewer of them can meet the military's physical fitness standards, and recruitment will be difficult. A new report being released Tuesday says more than 9 million young adults, or 27 percent of all Americans ages 17 to 24, are too overweight to join the military. Now, the officers are advocating for passage of a wideranging nutrition bill that aims to make the nation's school lunches healthier. The military group acknowledges that other things keep young adults out of the armed services, such as a criminal record or the lack of a high school diploma. But weight problems that have worsened over the past 15 years are now the leading medical reason that recruits are rejected. Although all branches of the military now meet or exceed recruitment goals, retired Navy Rear Adm. James Barnett Jr., a member of the officers group, says the _ trend could affect that. "When over a quarter of young adults are too fat to fight, we need to take notice," Barnett said. He noted that national security in the year 2030 is "absolutely dependent" on reversing child obesity rates. This isn't the first time the military has gotten involved in the debate over school lunches. During World War II, military leaders had the opposite problem, reporting that many recruits were rejected because of stunted growth and inadequate nutrition. After the war, military leaders pushed Congress to establish the national school lunch program so children would grow up healthier. Today, the group is urging Congress to eliminate junk food and highcalorie beverages from schools, put more money into the school lunch program and develop new strategies that help children develop healthier habits. What is the main problem of the lunches in schools according to the military officers?
|
[
"The meat in the lunches is mysterious.",
"The lunches are too expensive.",
"The lunches contain too much fat.",
"There is inadequate nutrition in the lunches."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People with bigger brains ftend to score higher on standardized tests of intelligence, according to new study findings. However, the study author Dr Michael A.McDaniel of the Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond emphasized that these findings represent a general trend, and people with small heads should not automatically believe they are less intelligent. For instance, Albert Einstein's brain was "not particularly large", McDaniel noted. "There's some relationship between brain size and intelligence on the average, but there's plenty of room for exceptions," he said. Interest in the relationship between brain size and intelligence grew in the1830s, when German anatomist Frederich Tiedmann wrote that he believed there was "an unquestionable connection between the size of the brain and the mental energy displayed by the individual man". Since that statement, scientists have conducted numerous studies to determine if Tiedmann's assertion was, in fact, correct. Most studies have looked into the link between head size and intelligence. More recently, however, researchers have published additional studies on brain size and intelligence, measured using MRI scan . For his study, McDaniel analyzed more than 20 studies that looked into the relationship between brain size and intelligence in a total of 1,530 people. The studies showed that on the average, people with larger brain volume tended to be more intelligent. The relationship between brain volume and intelligence was stronger in women than men, and in adults than in children. McDaniel notes in the journal Intelligence. McDaniel is not sure why the relationship was stronger for adults and women. "Other research has shown that women, on the average, tend to have smaller brains than men, but score just as well--if not higher--in tests of intelligence," he said. McDaniel insisted that the relationship between brain size and intelligence is not a "perfect" one. "One can certainly find lots of examples of smaller-sized people who are highly intelligent," he said, "But, on the average, the relationship holds." After Frederich Tiedmann wrote his article, _ .
|
[
"many scientists agreed with him",
"numerous studies have failed to prove his idea",
"MRI scan became popularly used",
"lots of researchers were interested in the connections between head size and intelligence"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Kenya is losing an average of 100 of its 2,000 lions each year because of growing human settlements, increasing farming, climate change and diseases, according to the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS). "Lions have a special place in Kenyans' life," said Paul Udoto, a spokesman for the organization. "Other than being the symbol of national strength, they are among the Big Five, a main attraction for visitors to Kenya." There were 2,749 lions in Kenya in 2002 and their population dropped to 2,280 by 2004 and to about 2,000 today, according to KWS figures. "The fall of the lion population is worrying and every effort needs to be made to make sure that Kenya either protects its population of 2,000 lions at present or increases the numbers to an ecologically acceptable level," said Mr. Udoto. "There is no doubt that the numbers are in free fall. I'd be surprised if they even last as long as 20 years," said Laurence Frank, project director of Living With Lions, a Kenya-based animal protection organization. "When I first came here 30 years ago, I would always hear lions roaring across the land at night and see their tracks in the morning. Now that is very rare." "The reason is simple. As the numbers of people grow and the numbers of cows increase, they take up much of the lion's space. Alongside that there are other ways, including poisoning, to kill lions." Animal lovers are making a new strategy to save the animals. Part of the measures will include tracking lions fitted with radio collars in the Amboseli area in southern Kenya, close to the border with Tanzania. Wildlife officials in Tanzania face similar challenges in protecting their lions, but there is far less human encroachment on the animals' homeland there than in Kenya. What will the following passage most probably talk about?
|
[
"Lions' past living condition in Kenya.",
"Ways of improving lions' condition.",
"Radio collars tracing lions.",
"Lions' present living condition in Tanzania"
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Swimming is one of those activities that can be learned early in life. Little children can learn to swim as soon as they walk. In fact, you need the same skills in walking as in swimming. However, I believe that five is the best age to learn. By five or six, a child knows fear of water, a very important thing to know. It's wise to be afraid, to recognize true danger. Young ones understand that the water can sometimes be very dangerous. To really benefit from swimming, every swimmer should learn, as soon as possible, these four basic strokes; butterfly, backstroke, Breaststroke, and crawl. I feel that one of these-the breaststroke-is different from the others, since some young swimmers use this stroke naturally, without any training. In swimming there are certain rules every swimmer should follow: 1). Never swim alone! No matter how good you are in the water, don't risk drowning by swimming alone. If you swim by yourself, with no life guards or friends with you, you may get into trouble. 2). Don't go beyond your abilities. Most swimmers know enough not to swim too far from the bank or the beach, Showing off by doing dangerous tricks is no good. Swim safely and you will continue to swim and alive. 3). Don't smoke. Swimming depends on a healthy body; good lungs are part of it. 4). Work at any activity that builds muscles. Little children can learn to swim as soon as _ .
|
[
"they can talk",
"they are five or six years old",
"they have no fear of the water",
"they start walking"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which tennis ball has more thermal energy?
|
[
"the colder tennis ball",
"the hotter tennis ball"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What is the mass of a goat?
|
[
"33 grams",
"33 kilograms"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life,new research may come as a shock.According to a recent scientific study,people who do a very _ workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all. Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1,000 joggers and non-joggers for 12 years.The death rates from the sample group suggest that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour.The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers.The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries .Over time,this can cause serious injuries. Peter Schnohr,a researcher in Copenhagen,said,"If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy,jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy .Anything more is not just unnecessary,and it may be harmful." The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi,yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than "iron man" events,triathlons and long-distance running and cycling.According to Jacob Louis Marott,another researcher in the study,"You don't actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health.And perhaps you shouldn't actually do too much". What can be inferred from the text?
|
[
"No exercise at all is the best choice.",
"More exercise means a healthier life.",
"Marathons runners are least likely to die.",
"Proper exercise contributes to good health."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A common anthropometric measure for infants is:
|
[
"Standing height",
"Recumbent length",
"Sitting height",
"Laying height"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu
|
Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become "computer-literate". But not all experts agree that this is a good idea. One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see _ that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them "people-literate". David Tebbutt thinks Computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important difference between the two. The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on, with experts to encourage them and answer any questions they have. They are not told what to do. They find out. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to answer all questions people ask. People don't have to learn computer terms , but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computers are becoming "people-literate". David Tebbutt started Computertown UK with the purpose of _ .
|
[
"making better use of computer experts",
"improving computer programs",
"increasing computer sales",
"popularising computers"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Humans aren't the only ones getting a buzz from coffee.Caffeine can improve memory among honeybees and lead to better pollination .According to a recent study published in the journal Science. The study was conducted by a team of researchers at Newcastle University in the United Kingdom.They found that the nectar of some flowers,such as those from grapefruit and lemon plants,as well as certain coffee flowers,contains low doses of caffeine.To get bees to feed on these flowers,the team trained the insects to associate food with the smell of the flowers.They also trained another group of bees to feed on nectar from flowers that were sweetened with a sugar, but did not contain caffeine.After 24 hours,the bees trained on caffeinated flowers returned to these plants three times as often as those trained on the sweetened flowers returned to the uncaffeinated plants. Professor Geraldine Wright led the researchers."Remembering floral traits is difficult for bees to perform at a fast pace as they fly from flower to flower and we found that caffeine helps the bee remember where the flowers are,"Wright said in a statement. Improved memory led to the better pollination.That's because once bees sip the caffeine nectar, they continue to look for more coffee plants to pollinate.This also suggests that caffeine plays a role in improving the bees'ability to search for food. Researchers found that caffeine's effect on the bee brain is similar to its effect on mammals."The change is similar to that produced by caffeine in neurons associated with learning and memory in the rat brain,"Wright said. Bee populations have declining since 2007.The dramatic drop in the insects'numbers has serious effects for ecosystems and the farming industry.Bees are needed in the reproduction of crops and spreading wild flower species.Understanding what keeps bees buzzing could help to make sure that the insects are able to remember and pollinate their favorite flowers. After reading the passage,John,who works in the farming industry, will probably feel _ .
|
[
"annoyed",
"angry",
"nervous",
"excited"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We know music is very important in our daily life.Do you notice music playing at any of those places when you go somewhere? Today, most stores,stations,restaurants and other places play music.You might even hear music in an office or on a farm. Scientists believe that music influences the way people behave.They think that the sound of western classical music makes people feel richer.When a restaurant plays classical music,people spend more money on food and drinks.When the restaurant plays modern music,people spend less money.Without music,people spend even less. Scientists also believe that loud,fast music makes people eat faster.Some restaurants play fast music during their hours.This makes people eat faster and leave quickly.Restaurants can make more money in this way. Some scientists think that music makes you think and learn better.They say that music helps students to be more active.It is true that people learn better when they are relaxed.And 1istening to music can help you relax. The next time you hear music somewhere,be careful,it might influance the way you do things. The habit of 1istening to music can make a student _ .
|
[
"slow in action",
"feel more stressed",
"relax in mind",
"worry about studies"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Agnes learned that the brain, spinal cord, and nerves work together. What do they combine to form?
|
[
"a cell",
"a tissue",
"an organ",
"a system"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which items are needed to create a simple circuit?
|
[
"wire and switch",
"wire and battery",
"light bulb and switch",
"light bulb and battery"
] | 1B
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists think it will be possible to record people's dreams and then interpret them, according to a new report. They claim to have developed a system which allows them to record higher level brain activity. Dr Moran Cerf told the journal Nature: "We would like to read people's dreams." Previously the only way to access people's dreams is for psychologists to ask about them after the event and try to interpret them. Dr Cerf hopes to eventually compare people's memories of their dreams with an electronic visualization of their brain activity. He told the BBC: "There's no clear answer as to why humans dream. And one of the questions we would like to answer is when do we actually create this dream?" The scientist believes his latest research shows that certain neurons or individual brain cells are linked with specific objects or concepts . He found that a particular neuron lit up when a volunteer thought about Marilyn Monroe. If a database was built up identifying various neurons with concepts, objects and people it would allow them to "read the subject's minds", according to Dr Cerf. However, Dr Roderick Oner, a clinical psychologist and dream expert, said that this kind of visualization would be of limited help when it came to interpreting the "complex dream narrative ". In addition to getting a detailed picture of individual neurons subjects had to have electrodes implanted deep in the brain using surgery. The Nature researchers used data from patients who had electrodes implanted to monitor and treat them for brain seizures . However, Dr Cerf said he hoped that it would be possible at a later stage to monitor people without invasive surgery .He said it would be "wonderful" to be able to read the minds of coma patients who are unable to communicate. According to Dr Roderick Oner, his attitude towards this kind of visualization is _ .
|
[
"positive",
"critical",
"indifferent",
"doubtful"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this fish's phenotype for the body color trait?
|
[
"a greenish-brown body",
"a pink body"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of the following represents the process of photosynthesis?
|
[
"C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} -> 6CO_{2} + 6H_{2}O",
"6CO_{2} + 6H_{2}O -> C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} +6O_{2}",
"2H_{2}O -> 2H_{2} + O_{2}",
"2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Connecting with Patients Dr. Paris often treats several generations of a family over many years. "He's seen us through two births, one operation, multiple earaches, a broken wrist and a recovery from a serious traffic crash," says Jill Farrow, a 43-year-old lawyer whose first visit to Dr. Paris was as a teenager. During the birth of her younger son, Farrow began bleeding badly. Dr. Paris managed to solve the problem in a delicate procedure. "Twenty years ago, she probably would have died," he says. Today, when he performs school sports physical examinations for the Farrow boys, 10 and 11, he is always reminded that lives are changed forever by doctors just doing their jobs. To be a mix of country doc and somewhat adventurer, the 55-year-old family physician moved to Hailey after completing his residency . He hoped to practice medicine there and ski at nearby Sun Valley. Unfortunately, the only job opening was for an emergency-room doctor in Missoula, Montana, 300 miles away. Dr. Paris took it. "I'd ski all day and then drive all night to be in Missoula for a 48-hour shift," he recalls. "I'm lucky to be alive." Knowing he couldn't keep up with his eight-hour commute , he began taking flying lessons. In 1981, Dr. Paris joined a small medical practice in Hailey, a former mining town with a population at the time of 2,109. As Hailey grew in the shadow of Sun Valley's booming popularity, Dr. Paris's own practice expanded to seven physicians, including his wife, Kathryn Woods, who is also a family doctor. They met in 1986 at a certification exam in Denver when, in a room full of men in stodgy suits, Woods arrived wearing a Lycra biking outfit and carrying the front wheel of her bicycle (which she couldn't lock up outside). Dr. Paris asked her out on the spot. In 1989, they married. We can infer the doctor got married probably at the age of _ .
|
[
"27.",
"37.",
"17.",
"47."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
With the cost of college rising in the U.S., some students are washing their hands of the American education system, grabbing their passports, and seeking cheaper degrees abroad. The number of students doing so has increased 2 percent annually in recent years, according to the Department of Education. In 2009, Jessica Fuller, then 25, was employed at a small private university in Philadelphia as a clerk in an office. Bored with her job and becoming increasingly interested in healthcare industry, Fuller knew she would need a master's degree in public health for her dream career. At first, Fuller wanted a school in New York and Pennsylvania, but with many programs costing over $30,000 per year for tuition alone, she decided on an option she could better afford ---- the Netherlands. A similar degree in health economics cost less than $ 17,000 for a one-year program. To finance her education at Erasmus University in Rotterdam, Fuller took out a $30,000 bank loan through her mother's credit, which covered tuition and fees, as well as air travel and living expenses for her year abroad. The cost may be lower, but is the quality of education overseas just as good as an American university? Jessica Fuller says in her case, yes: she found a consulting job with Marsh Inc. as an International Knowledge Manager shortly after she graduated from Erasmus University, and says that the university ---and its location---- were definitely a factor. "Many Erasmus professors were world famous experts in their fields," says Fuller. "Considering the variety of the students, the class discussions were very robust. Having an "international" advantage made a huge difference." Jessica's case shows that there is a tendency among U.S. students to _ .
|
[
"choose t study overseas",
"look for jobs abroad",
"seek education of higher quality",
"take one-year program"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is often necessary to release a fish, that is, set it free after catching, because it is too small, or you just don't want to take it home to eat. In some cases, releasing fish is a good measure that will help keep fish variety and build their population size. The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF) encourages fishermen who practice catch-and-release fishing to use a few simple skills when doing so. The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive to bite again another day. --When catching a fish, play it quickly and keep the fish in the water as much as possible. Don't' use a net in landing the fish and release it quickly to prevent it from dying. --Hold the fish gently. Do not put your fingers in its eyes. Don't wipe the scales off the fish because it might cause it to develop a disease and reduce its chance of survival. --Remove your hook quickly. If the hook is too deep or hooked in the stomach, cut the line and leave the hook in. The hook left inside will cause no serious problem to the fish. --Take good care of the fish by moving it gently in water . Release the fish when it begins to struggle and is able to swim. --Do not hold fish in a bucket or some other containers and later decide to release it. If you are going to release a fish, do so right away. With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival. Which of the following will probably make a fish ill?
|
[
"Taking the hook off it.",
"Removing its scales.",
"Touching its eves",
"Holding it in your hand."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following is a similarity 20 between x-ray waves and sound waves?
|
[
"Both transfer energy.",
"Both require a vacuum.",
"Both have the same speed.",
"Both have the same frequency."
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When Christie Andrews was born, she weighed less that half of one kilogram. Her heart was the size of a large coin. Her mother said Christie was so small that she could hold her in the palm of one hand. Christie couldn't breathe without a machine to give her oxygen. If she had been born 20 years earlier, she would probably have died at once. She needed two operations, but she survived without serious damage. Twenty years ago , 90% of all premature babies died. Today, doctors manage to save four out of every five, because they have better machines for breathing and better ways to feed the babies. But saving Christie's life cost more than $ 400,000. In some cases, doctors spend 1 million dollars saving a single child. The parents usually don't have enough money to pay. The government, an insurance company or the hospital picks up the bill. Even after a baby goes home from the hospital, it may require medical care. Some people think it makes more sense to spend money saving 10 adults who have cancer or other diseases than saving one small baby. But nobody wants to be the doctor who has to tell parents to their faces, "Sorry, I won't save your new child." The main idea of the article is _ .
|
[
"doctors must never decide whether to save babies or cancer patients",
"doctors are able to save premature babies, but the cost is very high",
"having a premature baby was cheaper and safer 20 years ago",
"Christie survived because the hospital paid her bills"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
About ten men in every hundred suffer from colour blindness in some way. Women are luckier. Only about one in two hundred is affected in this matter. So some people say it is safer to be driven by women. There are different forms of colour blindness. In some cases a man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green--a strange world indeed. Colour blindness in humans is a strange thing to explain. In our eyes there are millions of very small things called "cones". These help us to see in a bright light and to tell differences between colours. There are also millions of "rods", but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shapes but no colour. Some insects have favourite colours. Mosquitoes like blue but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects, but a blue lamp will. In a similar way humans also have favourite colours. Yet we are lucky. With the aid of the cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colours by day, and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night. One day we may even learn more about the invisible colours around us. With the help of the cones, we can _
|
[
"see in a weak light",
"tell different shapes",
"kill mosquitoes",
"tell orange from yellow"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people who are overweight have poor digestion . For the most part, poor digestion is not a habit given by our parents. We give it to ourselves through the way we eat. Oh, poor digestion can lead to weight problems. Here's how: When a person feels stressed, the part of the central nervous system that connects digestion switches off. This is called the parasympathetic nervous system . At those times of stress, the body can take in food and process some of it, but digestion doesn't work correctly to digest all the nutritional goodness from the food. Poor digestion is not always obvious by observing symptoms; you can get some illnesses but not always. Poor digestion can be seemingly silent. If you eat when you are stressed, anxious, or nervous, you might as well be eating cardboard for all the nutrients your body gets. Yes, eating when stressed is a gaining situation. Now you might think, well, if I'm not digesting, the calories aren't getting handles, so I should be losing weight. Good idea, but wrong reality. When digestion is not proper, the body starts "starving" from lack of necessary nutrients . Yes, it goes into a starvation problem and starts absorbing fat and energy. It thinks it's in a famine . The good news is that it's easy to make some corrections and get rid of stress at mealtimes. If you feel stressed often, it can be helpful to take other food that contains multiple B vitamins. These help, but you could still find yourself stressed at mealtimes. In what way do poor digestion and stress cause body problems?
|
[
"Poor digestion cannot absorb much nutritional goodness from the food.",
"People with poor digestion take in food and process all of it.",
"When people feel stressed, the parasympathetic nervous system switches on.",
"Poor digestion will not lead to overweight problems."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you ever wondered when dogs first became "man's best friend" and the world's favourite pet? If you have then you're not alone. When and where dogs first began living side-side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated by humans. They came into lives some 15000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture. Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs and not wolves date from 14,000 years ago. However, 30,000-year-old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolf and some scientists think could be dogs. With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare them with those of wolves. It's even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30,000-year-old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice-fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones. Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa. But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three -quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide. Why did dogs start living with humans?
|
[
"Because they were attracted by food",
"Because they were trapped by humans",
"Because they couldn't survive in the wild",
"Because they were trained to protect villages"
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods ? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body. Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is overweight. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive system, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs. Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we've had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body's cells. The body's metabolism becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity. The accumulation of acid in the digestive system makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common. To stop this vicious circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It's also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach. One effective way is to choose raw and whole foods appropriately according to your health conditions and personal preferences. It can be inferred from Para. 2 that _ .
|
[
"we'd better be cautious about raw and whole foods",
"foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit",
"it is important for people to protect their vital organs",
"giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For a long time, people who fish have had to rely on luck to catch fish. Even big fishing ships, fitted out with radar and modern equipment, have their share of bad days. Wouldn't it be nice if fish could be trained to come at the call of a whistle the way some days are trained? Well, the days of "fish whistle" may be just _ . Japanese companies are working on methods that will train fish to return to harvest areas at the sound of an underwater whistle. The method works like this: First, fish eggs are hatched in a laboratory. Whenever feeding time arrives, a whistle sounds. The young fish learn to return to their feeding areas at the sound of the whistle. Later, the fish are set free at sea, near special-made under water "barns". There, the whistle-plus-feeding program continues. Being well fed and sheltered, the fish continue to live around the barn. So when fishing time arrives, all the harvesters need to do is to sound the whistle, drop their nets, and draw in a lot of fish. Many countries have closed their offshore fishing waters to ships from other countries. With fish whistle and barns, Japan hopes to become less dependent on importing fish from other countries. On the whole, the passage is about _ .
|
[
"a new fishing method",
"an experiment with fish",
"how to train fish",
"how to feed fish"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Zero gravity looks cool. But what about the thing no one likes to talk about? Yes, that is right: going to bathroom. Zero gravity makes this everyday task quite a challenge. Astronauts have to be toilet-trained all over again. The Apollo astronauts raised themselves off the seat of their chairs and stuck a clear plastic bag to their back sides with sticky strips. A second astronaut watched closely to be sure no waste matter escaped the seal. (You would not want that stuff floating around the cabin!) When the deed was done, the astronaut cleaned up with a piece of plastic attached to the inside of the bag, removed the bag, dropped a disinfectant pill in with the waste matter, and put the whole thing, sealed, into a special container. Donald W. Rethke, an engineer for Hamilton Standard Space Systems, developed a more private way to answer nature's call: the space toilet. It is somewhat like the kind of toilet one would find on commercial airplanes --- with unique adaptations for zero gravity, of course. For instance, it has thigh bars that keep the astronaut from floating off the seat. The astronaut (male or female) defecates in a bag and urinates in a hose. Solid and liquid wastes are kept separated because at least 85% of the urine is recycled and, yes, after careful filtration, used for drinking and other purposes. (Water is always in demand in space.) A vacuum sucks the waste materials into the toilet, where the waste is compacted into hamburger-like patties for easy storage. Although not exactly like an earthbound visit to the toilet, it is at the very least much more private than in the early days of space travel. What can be inferred from the fact that most of the astronauts' urine is recycled?
|
[
"The recycled water tastes better.",
"Water is limited on the space shuttle.",
"It is very convenient to get their urine recycled.",
"Space science includes recycling urine."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Miss Green is very fat. She weighs 100 kg and she is getting heavier and heavier every day. So one day she goes to see the doctor. The doctor says,"You need a diet, Miss Green, and I have a good one here." He gives her a small book and says, "Read this carefully and eat the things on Page 11 every day. Then come back and see me in two weeks' time." Miss Green comes back again two weeks later. She isn't thinner. She is fatter instead. The doctor is surprised and says, "Are you eating the things on Page 11 of the small book?" "Yes, doctor." she answers. The next day the doctor visits Miss Green during her dinner. She is surprised to see the doctor. "Miss Green," he says, "why are you eating potatoes and bread? They aren't on your diet." "But, doctor," Miss Green answers, "I ate my diet at lunchtime. This is my dinner." Potatoes and bread can make people _ .
|
[
"well",
"thin",
"fat",
"ill"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Jeri Solomon is a morning person but Jim, her husband of 11 years, is not. Early in their life, it caused a problem. "When we were planning our wedding, I wanted to have these big discussions at 8 a. m.,when I had been up for two hours and was fresh, but Jim would just be getting out of bed," says the 46-year-old designer from Melrose, Mass. "We ended up getting into many arguments because I thought he had no interest, when really he was just still half-asleep." The couple learned to work around their differences over the years, but their situation isn't uncommon, says Katherine Sharkey, professor at BrownUniversity. "More women tend to be larks, while men are like night owls ," she says. The question is:Why? The answer lies in each person's body clock. "The body clock is about 24 hours, thanks to Earth's 24-hour light-dark cycle," Sharkey says. "But some people have a longer natural cycle, and some are shorter." If yours is on the long side, you're more likely to be a night owl. If it runs short, you're probably an early riser. But your body clock can change over your lifetime. There's a developmental piece-school-age children are generally early birds, while teenagers tend to be night owls, and then as they age, adults gradually turn back into morning people," Sharkey says. Besides the clear problems with being a night owl if you have fl day job, "night owls tend to be more low-spirited, and have a higher dependence on coffee," Sharkey says. But the news isn't all bad. A recent study in Belgium found that night owls can stay more focused as the day goes on, compared with early risers. Morning people, however, also have advantages. "Larks generally sleep better, have more regular sleep, and have more flexible characters," Sharkey says. They also tend to be happier and feel healthier than night owls, according to a recent study from the University of Toronto. Jeri Solomon and her husband _ .
|
[
"tried to change each other's sleeping habits",
"often argued about small things",
"could not understand each other",
"got up at different times"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some students who took the International English Language Testing System(IELTS) exam in August and September, 2015 have had their results"withheld permanently", sending a strong signal that the examiners intend to stamp out cheating, some senior language tutors said. Yang Yuting, chief language training tutor at Amber Education, an overseas education consulting agency, said there have been a few cases in which candidates' IELTS results were canceled in recent years, leaving the students with no qualification but this is the first time he has heard that results, including those of some of his students, were"withheld permanently", meaning IELTS will not give the students their results, nor will they give them to others. Wang Xin, a senior student at the Communication University of China in Beijing, took an IELTS test on August 1 and the results were due within 10 working days. But she was then informed that her results were undergoing routine checks. Soon after that, she received an e-mail telling her that"a decision has been made to withhold this result permanently"and stating that Wang had"breached IELTS test rules and regulations". A number of students who took the test during the past two months in cities including Nanjing, Changsha and Guangzhou, have had the same experience. Many test takers said they were confused because they didn't know how they had breached the rules and regulations. IELTS authorities said in an e-mail toChinaDailythat IELTS takes the responsibility of providing test results very seriously. Results are only withheld in cases where there is strong evidence to suggest that the candidates have not observed IELTS regulations."In these cases, we are unable to guarantee that their result is a true reflection of their English language skills,"they said in the e-mail, although they gave no figures of how many students were involved."We regret any inconvenience this may cause, but these measures are essential to protect the value of the results for more than 2.5 million test takers every year. Hundreds of thousands of people take IELTS in China every year and the number of results which are permanently withheld is a tiny proportion ,"they said. Hu Min, president ofNew Channel International Education Group, an English-language tutorial agency in China, said a major cause of results being withheld might be an extreme imbalance in performance levels in the four sections of the test."For example, if a student scores very high in the reading and listening sections while performing poorly in writing and speaking, IELTS authorities may suspect that the test taker has memorized the reading and listening questions -- a practice that is very popular among Chinese test takers,"he said."IELTS authorities discourage such a practice and would determine that the scores can't reflect the real English level if test takers do so." What can we know about IELTS results?
|
[
"They are announced through an e-mail.",
"All results will be rechecked by examiners.",
"They are announced in at least ten days.",
"The results include scores of four different parts."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
On Thanksgiving Day, about 88 percent Americans eat turkey. But one lucky turkey not only will not be eaten but also will become famous. Every year, turkey farmers present turkeys to the US president. But instead of eating this turkey, the president gives it a "pardon". The turkey is flown to Florida for a thanksgiving parade . Then it lives on the farm for the rest of its life. Turkeys come from America and have been part of American culture for centuries. Benjamin Franklin even wanted the turkey to be America's national bird. Turkeys that are kept on farms are large, awkward birds that can not fly. But wild turkeys are quite fast. They can fly at speed up to 88 kilometers per hour. They can also run at 40 kilometers per hour. Turkeys don't have ears. They hear by using the growth of beaks . But their hearing is about five times better than human's hearing. Turkeys are such interesting birds. No wonder Benjamin Franklin wanted them to be American national birds. A wild turkey can fly at the speed of _ .
|
[
"88 kilometers per hour",
"40 kilometers per hour",
"as fast as a kept one",
"five times faster than man"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Even though orbiters have eyed it from space and landers have rumbled across its surface, Mars still has more secrets to reveal. Two findings emerged this week: the possibility of an active glacier far from the planet's poles and evidence that sulfur--rather than carbon--was the element driving the planet's warmer climate long ago. Both discoveries could force some rethinking about Martian evolution and dynamics--and maybe even provide insights about Earth's past. The glacier discovery was announced Wednesday by the European Space Agency (ESA). A high-resolution stereo camera aboard ESA's Mars Express spacecraft spotted the feature in a region called Deuteronilus Mensae, located in the mid-north latitudes of the planet. The Mars Express science team drew the preliminary conclusion that the material in the feature is water ice and that it accumulated as recently as 10,000 years ago, probably from an underground source. Other deposits of water ice have been mapped at the martian poles, but they're much bigger and are millions of years old. The find is a surprise because the prevailing view is that any water reaching the martian surface from underground quickly evaporates and eventually drifts into space. Yet all of the physical characteristics of the feature are "consistent with that of a glacier," says geologist and team member Ronald Greeley of Arizona State University in prefix = st1 /Tempe. Meanwhile, in the 21 December issue of Science, a team from HarvardUniversityand the Massachusetts Institute of Technology offers a possible solution for the curious absence of carbon-based minerals on Mars. A buildup of carbon dioxide in the ancient martian atmosphere supposedly produced enough of a greenhouse effect to allow liquid water to flow for a time on the surface. The problem is that such a process should have deposited ample carbon-containing minerals on the planet's surface--something that hasn't been found. So the researchers have come up with a new explanation: Large amounts of sulfur dioxide(SO2) in the atmosphere, the result of early volcanic activity, captured enough heat to allow water to flow. This would explain the plentiful distribution of sulfates among martian minerals. Which of the following shows that the find of the glacier discovery is a surprise?
|
[
"Any water reaching the martian surface will quickly evaporate and drift into space.",
"It is known to all water, or of similar physical characteristic can't exist on the Mars.",
"There seems to be an active glacier located in the mid-north latitudes of the Mars.",
"The water ice accumulated at the martian poles is bigger than what it used to be."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Tanvi has naturally straight hair.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Someone with Lupus is probably in
|
[
"robust health",
"excellent health",
"tip top health",
"shoddy health"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists are making new studies of color and its effects on our health. They have known for a long time that the color of a room or the color of the light in it can affect our feelings and emotions. Many prisons and hospitals have at least one room that is painted pink. Officials have found that light and color can produce physical changes in our bodies. Professor Falfan worked with a group of 9 disabled children at school in Albert. Two of the children were blind. The other seven had normal sight. The scientists changed the color of the school room, then looked for changes in blood pressure, heart beat and breathing rate. The effects of color changes were the same for the blind children as for those with normal sight. Their blood pressure dropped from about 120 to 100. Similar changes were reported in heart-beat and the breathing. The children also were calmer and less excited. Then the colors of the room were returned to orange and white. Blood pressure, heart-beat and breathing rate went up and the children became excited again. Professor Falfan said different colors produce different levels of light energy. He said the differences seem to affect chemicals in the brain that carry messages from nerve to nerve and from nerve to muscle. The color of pink had a calming effect, that is to say, the color affects _ .
|
[
"the chemicals in the brain",
"the eyes",
"the skin",
"the muscle"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Because plants cannot move or talk, most people believe that they have no feelings and that they cannot receive signals from outside. However, this may not be completely true. People who studied plants have found out that plants carry a small electrical charge . It is possible to measure this charge with a small piece of equipment called "galvanometer". The galvanometer is placed on a leaf off the plant, and it records any changes in the electrical field of the leaf. Humans have a similar field which can change when we are shocked or frightened. A man called Backster used a galvanometer for his studies of plants and was very surprised at his results. He found that if he had two or more plants in a room and he began to destroy one of them - perhaps by pulling off its leaves or by pulling it out of its pot - then the galvanometer on the leaves of the other plants showed a change in the electrical field. It seemed as if the plants were signalling a feeling of shock. This happened not only when Backster started to destroy plants, but also when he destroyed other living things such as insects . Backster said that the plants also knew if someone had destroyed a living thing some distance away, because they signalled when a man who had just cut down a tree entered the room. Another scientist, named Sauvin, achieved similar results to Backster's. He kept galvanometers fixed to his plants all the time and checked regularly to see what the plants were doing. If he was out of the office, he telephoned to find out about the signals the plants were sending. In this way, he found that the plants were sending out signals at the exact times when he felt strong pleasure or pain. In fact, Sauvin could cause a change in the electrical field of his plants over a distance of a few miles simply by thinking about them. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
|
[
"The electrical charge plants carry may shock or frighten us.",
"A tree will signal when it has been cut down.",
"Sauvin could make his plants send out signals some distance away.",
"Plants have feelings because they can receive signals without moving."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these processes can cause layers of rock to be arranged so that the youngest layers are found below older layers?
|
[
"melting and hardening",
"cooling and heating",
"deposition and cementing",
"uplifting and faulting"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Mara planted six pots of lettuce seeds. She placed three pots in a sunny area and three pots in a shaded area. She watered each pot the same and measured the growth of the lettuce. After Mara analyzes her data, what conclusion will it help her to make?
|
[
"When to plant her lettuce",
"Where to plant her lettuce",
"How much water to give lettuce",
"How many lettuce plants to grow"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The depth of Lake Superior can be measured by sending sound waves to the bottom and measuring the period of time it takes for the reflected sound waves to return to the surface. Which of the following would indicate a shallow depth?
|
[
"There is no return signal.",
"The return signal is very weak.",
"The return signal appears almost instantaneously.",
"The return signal comes back at a different speed"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Eye color in human beings is an
|
[
"instinct.",
"acquired trait.",
"inherited trait.",
"environmentally influenced trait."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Austen investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Which of the three types of tomato seeds sprouts the fastest?",
"Does a certain kind of tomato plant grow taller when planted in a clay pot or in a plastic pot?",
"Which type of soil will cause a certain kind of tomato plant to grow the most fruit?"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
On June 11th, 2013, China sent up her tenth spaceship Shenzhou X into space successfully. And three astronauts went together with it. They were Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang and Wang Yaping. Here is some information about the three astronauts. Nie Haisheng was born in September, 1964. He is from Xiangyang, Hubei. After graduating from high school, he joined the PLA Air Force, and became a fighter pilot. In 1998, he was chosen for the astronaut program. He carried out Shenzhou VI with Fei Junlong in 2005. In 2013, he flew into space for his second time with Shenzhou X. He is the commander of this mission. Zhang Xiaoguang is from Jinzhou, Liaoning Province. He was born in May, 1966. Zhang joined the army in June 1985. In January 1998, Zhang was trained as one of China's first batch of astronauts. Before he was trained as an astronaut, Zhang was a senior pilot. It's reported that Zhang Xiaoguang is very humor and likes playing jokes very much. After Liu Yang, Wang Yaping is the second woman astronaut in China. She was born in 1980 in Yantai, Shangdong. Wang Yaping joined the PLA in 1997. In 2010, Wang became a member of the second batch of Chinese astronauts and was chosen to the crew of the Shenzhou X space mission in April, 2013. Wang is China's first astronaut to give lectures to middle and elementary school students while in space. How many astronauts were there flying in Shenzhou X ?
|
[
"Two",
"Three",
"Four",
"Five"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which change better matches the sentence?
Lava comes out of the ground.
|
[
"volcanic eruption",
"flood"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Based on this information, what is Otto's phenotype for the fur length trait?
|
[
"short fur",
"FF"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Researchers at San Diego Zoo have been studying what has been described as the "secret language" of elephants. They have been monitoring communications between animals that cannot be heard by human ears. The elephant's call will be familiar to most people, but the animals also give out growls . Their growls, however, are only partly audible ; two-thirds of the call is at frequencies that are too low to be picked up by our hearing. To learn more about the inaudible part of the growl, the team attached (......) a microphone sensitive to these low frequencies and a GPS tracking system to eight of the zoo's female elephants. The researchers could then relate the noises the animals were making to what they were doing. Matt Anderson, who led the project, told BBC News, "We're excited to learn how they interact and contact with one another." The team has already learned that pregnant females use this low frequency communication to announce to the rest of their long gestation of over two years, in the last 12 days we see the low part of the growl, which we can't hear. This we believe is to announce to the rest of the herd that the baby is upcoming," said Dr Anderson. The researchers believe that this also warns the elephants to look out for coming danger. "You may think that a baby calf of about 300 pounds would not be as open to predation as other species," he says. "But packs of hyenas are a big threat in the wild." Female elephants are only in season for around four days every four years and these calls can be heard by males more than two miles away. Why some elephants' call is called "secret language"?
|
[
"Because it can't be heard by human ears.",
"Because it can only be heard by female elephants.",
"Because people don't know its meanings.",
"Because people haven't studied it completely."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you are sitting down listening to what I'm going to say, stand up. Move your legs. Touch your toes, if you can. Do anything but sit. If you cut down on the time you spend sitting, you might live longer. New research shows that sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. Just the opposite, says Peter Katzmarzyk. He is a scientist at the University of Louisiana in the southern United States. He says that sitting is _ in our lives. "We sit while we're eating; we sit in the car; we sit while we watch TV. Many of us sit for many hours at work. " But, he adds, that does not make sitting good for us. The human body is designed to move. But modern lifestyles and office jobs rarely give us the chance to move around. Exercise is important. So is not sitting. "We can't throw away physical activity. It's extremely important. We have 60 years of research showing us that. Even if you exercise for 30 minutes a day, what goes on in the other 23-and-a-half hours a day is also very important." Mr. Katzmarzyk and his co-workers are part of a new generation of researchers studying how sitting all day affects length of life. This is a relatively new area of study--studies that have assessed the relationship between sitting and mortality or television viewing and mortality. Making uses of the few studies available to them, they found that cutting television time to less than two hours a day could add one-point four years to life. New desk designs are helping Change is already coming to some offices, especially in the design of desks. A "standing desk" lets people stand while they work. Another new design is called the "treadmill desk." A treadmill is an exercise machine that lets you walk in one place. That's one of the strategies that many companies are using now. Some companies may equip their employees with a "standing desk" or a "treadmill desk". Other companies may not buy one for everybody, but they'll have a bank of these desks where people can go for an hour a day and answer their emails or talk on the phone. Even some U.S. schools are beginning to experiment with such desks to keep children moving. Mr. Katzmarzyk says studying this problem has inspired his team to make a few changes in their own lives. "As a university professor, you know, it is a very sedentary occupation. We're chained to a desk in terms of writing papers and doing research. We really try to limit the amount of time we spend doing that." Suggestions for sitting less If you work in office job or have a sedentary job, Mr. Katzmarzyk and his team suggest a few simple changes: get up from your desk as often as you can take walks at lunch time walk to your colleagues' offices and talk directly instead of emailing them All these activities may help you live longer. What might be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Take exercise, keep fit.",
"Change more, achieve greater.",
"Talk directly, improve relationship.",
"Sit less, live longer."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The relationship between exercise and cancer has long both intrigued and puzzled oncologists and exercise physiologists. Exercise is strongly associated with lowered risks for many types of cancer. At the same time, exercise involves biological stress, which typically leads to a short-term increase in inflammation which can contribute to higher risks for many cancers. Now, a new study in mice may offer some clues into the exercise-cancer paradox. It suggests that exercise may change how the immune system deals with cancer by boosting adrenaline , certain immune cells and other chemicals that, together, can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off altogether. To try to better understand how exercise can both elevate inflammation and simultaneously protect the body against cancer, scientists at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and other institutions decided to closely examine what happens inside mice at high risk for the disease. So, for the new study, they began by gathering a group of adult lab mice. These animals generally like to run. The scientists then implanted melanoma skin cancer cells into the mice before providing half of them with running wheels in their cages while the other animals remained sedentary. After four weeks, far fewer of the runners had developed full-blown melanoma than the sedentary mice and those that had been diagnosed with the disease showed fewer and smaller lesions. They drew blood from both the exercising and sedentary animals and cells from any tumors in both groups. As expected, they found much higher levels of the hormone adrenaline in the blood of the exercising animals, especially right after they had been working out on the wheels but also at other times of the day. The body releases adrenaline in response to almost any type of stressful experience, including exercise. They also found higher levels of interleukin-6 in the blood of the runners. This is a substance that is released by working muscles and is believed to both increase and decrease inflammation in the body, depending on where and how it goes to work. Perhaps most important, they found much higher numbers in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice of a type of immune cell named natural killer cells that are known to be strong cancer fighters. So the scientists repeated their original experiment multiple times, inducing cancer while allowing some mice to run and others to sit. In some of these follow-up experiments, the scientists injected the runners with a substance that blocked the production of adrenaline and gave sedentary animals large doses of added adrenaline. What they now found was that when running mice could not produce adrenaline, they developed cancer at the same rate as the sedentary animals, while the sedentary animals that had been injected with extra adrenaline fought off their tumors better than other sitting mice. More remarkably, the scientists determined that adrenaline seemed to be sending biochemical signals to some of the animals' IL-6 cells, making them physiologically more alert, so that when a tumor began to develop in the affected animal, those IL-6 cells in turn activated the natural killer cells in the bloodstream and actually directed them to the tumors, like minute guide fish. With these results, "we show that voluntary wheel running in mice can reduce the growth of tumors, and we have identified an exercise-dependent mobilization of natural killer cells as the underlying cause of this protection," said Pernille Hojman, a researcher at the University of Copenhagen who oversaw the new study. It perhaps provides one more incentive for us to get up and move. In the first experiment, which one is the most important result the scientists found?
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[
"Natural killer cells are much more in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice.",
"Levels of interleukin-6 are higher in the blood of the runners than in the sedentary mice.",
"Exercise such as running seemed to help the mice fight against the cancer.",
"Adrenaline can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off."
] | 0A
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college_medicine
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mmlu_labeled
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