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stringlengths 4
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5
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Having good social relationships -- friends, marriage or children -- may be every bit as important to a healthy life as quitting smoking, losing weight or taking certain medicines. U. S. researchers reported on Tuesday. People with strong social relationships were SO percent less likely to die early than people without such support, the team at Brigham Young University in Utah found. They suggest that the government look at ways to help people keep social relationships as a way of keeping the population healthy. "A lack of social relationships was equal to smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day," psychologist Julianne Holt-Lunstad, who led the study, said in a telephone interview. Her team conducted a study that examined social relationships and their effects on health. They looked at 148 studies that covered more than 308,000 people, published in the Public Library of Science journal PLoS Medicine at www.plosmedicine.org. Having low levels of social relationships was equal to being an alcoholic, was more harmful than not exercising and was twice as harmful as obesity. Social relationships had a bigger effect on early death than getting an injection to prevent pneumonia ,than taking drugs for high blood pressure and far more important than living in air pollution, they found. "I certainly don't want to _ these other risk factors because of course they are very important," Holt-Lunstad said. We need to start taking social relationships just as seriously. " But Holt-Lundstad said there was some evidence that assigning caretakers does not help improve people's health. "Naturally occurring relationships may be different than the support received from someone who is hired for that purpose." she said. What conclusion can we draw from the text?
|
[
"The support from hired caretakers is more natural.",
"The love from our family members has better effect.",
"Air pollution does more harm to people than poor social relationships.",
"Poor social relationships are the biggest reason for people's early death."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research. In a scientific study, doctors asked 20 men and 20 women to keep their hands in very hot water for as long as possible while breathing in different smells. As people believe that strong smells can affect the senses, volunteers were asked not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment began. During the experiment, volunteers were asked to take in pleasant smells such as vanilla , and unpleasant smells such as durians . The volunteers kept their hands in the water until it became too hot for them. When they could not bear the pain any more, they took their hands out of the water. Scientists are interested in whether the senses or smell is related to pain and whether men and women have the same senses. Now, the study has proved that for women, pleasant smells reduce pain. For men, there is no change. Dr Finkelstein has been studying smells since 1999. He says that scientists already have data from 40 volunteers. He adds that this year, scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to explain the results. One explanation is that women's sense of smell developed long ago, and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies. Scientists used to believe that mothers recognized their children by sight only. Now, they have started to believe that the sense of smell also helps, but why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists. Now scientists believe that _ .
|
[
"mothers recognize their children only by sight",
"men's sense of smell developed a long time ago",
"strong smells have a great influence on people's senses",
"smells are helpful for mothers to spot their children"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mammals can breathe thanks to
|
[
"organisms with roots",
"volcanoes",
"rainbows",
"oxygen tanks"
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Statement 1 | If a group has an element of order 10, then the number of elements of order 10 is divisible by 4. Statement 2 | If m and n are positive integers and phi is the Euler phi function, then phi(mn) = phi(m)phi(n).
|
[
"True, True",
"False, False",
"True, False",
"False, True"
] | 1B
|
abstract_algebra
|
mmlu
|
If you plug this into an outlet, current will flow through it.
|
[
"sword tip",
"rubber",
"plastic",
"air."
] | 0A
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is a characteristic of a sperm cell but not of an egg cell?
|
[
"round shape",
"presence of a tail",
"contains genetic information",
"involved in sexual reproduction"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
When the pesticide DDT was first used, it killed nearly every mosquito it touched. Within a few years, however, many mosquitoes became resistant to DDT and survived. What enabled this to happen?
|
[
"meiosis",
"migration",
"immune responses",
"gene mutations"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An oceanic plate subducts under a continental plate. Which of these landforms most likely results from the interaction of these plates?
|
[
"volcanic mountains",
"transform boundaries",
"continental shelves",
"normal faults"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Complete the statement. Assume that the whale's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between the whale and Earth () as the whale swam toward the surface.
|
[
"increased",
"stayed the same",
"decreased"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Drinking water is good for your health. There are some scientific ways of drinking water. 1. It is the best medicine to drink two glasses of water in the morning. 2. Drink clean water. 3. Drink the water that has not been boiled. Many people think boiled water is safe and good to people's health. In fact, it is not true. The boiling point of water is 100degC. By boiling it, most bacteria in water can be killed. In the past, the water was less polluted. So boiling was a good way to make clean water. But heavy metals and other dangerous things in today's water are much more terrible than bacteria. Boiling doesn't fix that problem. And boiling water may give us more of the dangerous things in our glass. 4. Never use soft drinks to take the place of water. 5. Water is also needed in winter. 6. Drink water at the right time. 1) After getting up in the morning, you have less water in your body, because you weren't drinking for the whole night. So you should drink some water to keep your health after getting up in the morning. That can prevent high blood pressure, cerebral hemorrhages and so on. 2) Drinking water at about 10 am helps your body keep enough water. 3) Drinking water at about 3 pm can clean out the wastes in your body. 4) About eight o'clock in the evening is the best time to drink water. Your blood gets thicker when you sleep. Water will make your blood less thick. Besides, we should drink 2L of water every day. Water is so important for our life. We should drink water often. From the passage, we can see the best time to drink water is _ .
|
[
"about eight o'clock in the morning",
"about eight o'clock in the evening",
"before supper",
"at night"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology . With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today's leading killers, such as heart diseases, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memory. In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs . The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on---in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones. It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic conditional human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future. Humans may live longer in the future because _ .
|
[
"heart disease will be far away from us",
"human brains can decide the final death",
"the basic materials of cells will last forever",
"human organs can be repaired by new medicine"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How could we have thought so wrongly of as banana peel that it always hits the garbage? Utility of anything seems to be in the eyes of the beholder. The banana peel hasn't been an exception. What most of us looked at as waste was converted to a thing of utility by Prithwis Mukhopadlyay, a 14-year-old prodigy. This Bengali boy, nourished in the US, Lake Junior High in Woodbury, Minnesota, has come up with an idea to convert banana peels to biogas. . It's well known that almost any organic waste can be converted to biogas. But why biogas from banana peel has hit the news is because it produced five times as much biogas as manure , a commonly used source for producing biogas, in the experiments Prithwis conducted. He filled two airtight containers, one with manure and the other with banana peels. Then he mixed each content with water and connected them to empty jars via pipes to collect the gas produced. He placed a heater next to each jar and measured the gas collected for 60 days. His studies proved that banana peels produced five times more biogas than manure. This project titled 'Comparison analysis: Eco-friendly source of energy for the future,' earned him a spot in Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge. This weekend, the young whiz is to showcase his research work along with 40 other finalists at Washington. "Initially, I thought of doing a project that would reduce global warming. Things changed after I visited a biogas plant in a village in India during my summer vacations. It was an amazing experience," Prithwis says. Why could Prithwis's finding receive the attention of the media?
|
[
"Because he is a prodigy.",
"Because he is of Bengali descent.",
"Because he used an extremely rare organic waste to produce biogas.",
"Because his research proved that banana peels can produce more biogas."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following could harbor unsafe bacteria?
|
[
"hand sanitizer",
"unwashed greens",
"properly cooked beef",
"washed carrots"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Ellen Parker was worried about her health. She could not walk very quickly and it was difficult for her to climb stairs . She was soon out of breath. "I think I had better go to the doctor, " she thought. She went to the doctor and told him her problem. "I'm not at all surprised, "he said. "It's obvious what your problem is." He examined her and then gave her some advice."If you don't do what I say, Mrs. Parker," he said. "You will have a heart attack . It could kill you." Ellen was very worried as she left the doctor's. She knew that she had to take his advice but that would not be easy and it would take time. The next day she went shopping. The first shop she went into was a butcher's shop . "I'd like ten pounds of steak , please," she said. "Certainly, madam," the butcher answered and went into the cold room and found a large piece of steak. He brought the huge piece of meat back into the shop and placed it on the scale . "That's just ten pounds," he said. "That's big enough," Mrs. Parker said. The butcher worked out the price. "At $ 4.99 a pound that will be $ 49.90, please. Would you like me to cut it into small pieces for you?" "Oh, I don't want to buy the meat," Mrs. Parker said. "If you don't want to buy it," the butcher said angrily, "Why did you ask me to get it for you?" "My doctor told me that I am overweight and have to lose ten pounds. I wanted to see what ten pounds of flesh looked liked." . What did the doctor think might happen to Ellen?
|
[
"she might put more on weight.",
"She might stop eating too much.",
"She might have a heart attack.",
"She might go to another doctor."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Jane 09:45:10 Hi, Jim. Nice to meet you! I'm a girl. My name is Jane Green. My favorite color is red. I have a red bike. My bike number is 67582. My telephone number is 873-3516. Jim 09:46:05 Hi, Jane . Nice to meet you, too! I'm a boy. My name's Jim Hand. My favorite color is blue. I have a blue car. My car number is ZA9Z78. And my telephone number is 894-2015. Jim's car number is _ .
|
[
"67582",
"873-3516",
"ZA9Z78",
"894-2015"
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can you make animals work for us? Some scientists think that one day we can teach animals to do a lot of things for people. In a film shown on TV, you may see elephants, monkeys, tigers or some other animals are always given a little food to eat after they have done something. Scientists say that people can teach many different animals to do some of the easy work if they know they will get something to eat. We all know elephants can carry large logs ,and dogs can look after houses. And we even teach animals to work in factories. In America, for example, people have used to help make cars and scientists think that those large monkeys may drive trains one day. Now people are trying to get them to do the same thing that man does. _ can do some heavy work because they are so strong.
|
[
"Tigers",
"Elephants",
"Monkeys",
"Dogs"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Of all the websites, one that has attracted attention recently is myspace.com. Most of this attention has come from the media and tells every reason why the website should be shut down. The danger of internet predators is indeed a tough reality, but shutting down the site is not the answer. If myspace.com were shut down, another site would quickly take its place. Therefore, the right way is to teach teens how to use the site safely and educate them about who may be predators and how to avoid them. The key to staying safe on the Internet is to make sure that your profile is secure. The simplest way is to change the privacy setting on your profile to "private", which protects your information so that only the people on your friend list can view it. Although this is effective, it is not perfect. Predators can find ways to view your profile if they really want to, whether through hacking in or figuring out their way onto your friend list. Thus, you should never post too much personal information. Some people actually post their home and school addresses, date of birth, and other personal information, often letting predators know exactly where they will be and when. The safest information is your first name and province. Anything more is basically inviting a predator into your life. Another big problem is photos. I suggest completely skipping photos and never posting a photo of a friend online without asking permission. Most importantly, never, under any circumstances, agree to a real-life meeting with anyone you meet online. No matter how well you think you know this person, there are no guarantees that they have told the truth. But you could feel free to chat with people you meet on the site, but just remember that not everyone is who they say they are. Hopefully, the next time you edit your profile, you'll be more informed about the dangers of Internet predators and take the steps to defend yourself. Lastly, do not send money to anyone you meet online. A common _ among Internet criminals is to request to pay for "expensive Internet charges" or "unreasonable Internet cafe fees". While it is indeed true that many countries in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America do not yet have Internet service readily available in all cities and towns, a sincere friend from one of these countries will be more than happy to pay their own Internet charges. Never, under any circumstances, should you send money to a stranger from another country(or within your own country for that matter) who claims monetary assistance is required to continue their contact with you. What could be the best title of this passage?
|
[
"Personal Safety.",
"Web Safety for Teens.",
"Web Hackers in the past.",
"Predators' Tricks."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a hammer?
|
[
"24 centimeters",
"24 meters",
"24 millimeters",
"24 kilometers"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
An element in its ground state
|
[
"has all of its electrons in the lowest possible energy levels",
"is an element as found in nature",
"is an element that is unreactive and found free in nature",
"has all of its electrons paired"
] | 0A
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu
|
A large turbine in a field can produce electricity to power devices when
|
[
"a breeze is floating",
"a child is crying",
"a dog is barking",
"clouds are very thin"
] | 0A
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which organ stores memories?
|
[
"lungs",
"skeleton",
"brain"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Discarded electronic devices, such as outdated computers and cell phones, contain materials that can be toxic to the environment. Which statement best explains why humans continue to use these technologies?
|
[
"Electronics have become less expensive over time.",
"Some areas have recycling programs for electronics.",
"Industries that produce electronics help the economy.",
"Humans value the benefits of these devices over their cost."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Andy Steele lives just a few blocks from the campus of Black Hills State University in Spearfish, S.D., so commuting to class isn't the problem. But he doesn't like lectures much, isn't a morning person, and wants time during the day to restore motorcycles. So Steele, a full-time senior business major, has been taking as many classes as he can from the South Dakota State system's online offerings. He gets better grades and learns more, he says, and insists he isn't missing out on the college experience. "I still know a lot of people from my first two years living on campus, and I still meet a lot of people," he says. But now, he sets his own schedule. At least 2.3 million people took some kind of online courses, according to a recent survey by The Sloan Consortium, an online education group, and two-thirds of colleges offering "face-to-face" courses also offer online ones. But what were once two different types of classes are looking more and more alike and often falling into the same pool of students. At some schools, online courses originally intended for non-traditional students living far from campus have proved surprisingly popular with on-campus students. A recent study found 42 percent of the students enrolled in its distance education courses were located on campus at the university that was hosting the online courses. Numbers vary depending on the policies of particular colleges, but other schools also have students mixing and matching online and "face-to-face" credits. Motives range from lifestyle to adapting a job schedule to getting into high--demand courses. Washington State had about 325 on-campus undergraduates taking one or more distance courses last year. As many as 9,000 students took both distance and in-person classes at Arizona State last year. "Business is really about providing choices to their customers, and that's really what we want to do," said Sheila Aaker, extended services coordinator at Black Hills State. Many schools, such as Washington State and Arizona State, let departments and academic units decide who can take an online course. They say students with legitimate academic needs a conflict with another class, a course they need to graduate that isfull--oftenget permission, though they still must take some key classes in person. What is the purpose of the passage?
|
[
"To introduce Steele to us, who prefers online courses.",
"To tell us about the development of campus courses.",
"To show the differences between campus courses and online courses.",
"To show more on-campus students are taking online courses."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you ever hoped a toy balloon? They are very light. But there are much bigger balloons can fly very high up in the sky. They are big enough to carry people. They are called hot-air balloons. To make a hot-air balloon go up, turn on the burner . That will make the air inside the balloon hotter. Then the balloon will go up. To make the balloon go down, turn off the burner. The air inside the balloon will get cooler. Then the balloon will go down. Underneath(....) the balloon there is a large basket. That is where the pilot and the passengers go. The burner is just above the basket. You can stand in the basket and turn the burner on and off. The balloon will go where the wind is blowing the right way! Do you want the balloon to go somewhere special? First make sure the wind is blowing the right way! People have been flying in hot-air balloons for over two hundred years. Before planes it was the only way of flying. Today people fly in hot-air balloon for fun. Some people like to race hot-air balloons. Now everything is all right! The balloon is flying across the sky. Where are you going?
|
[
"Towards the sun",
"To the seaside",
"Where the wind blows you.",
"To the nearest mountains"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists think it will be possible to record people's dreams and then interpret them, according to a new report. They claim to have developed a system which allows them to record higher level brain activity. Dr Moran Cerf told the journal Nature: "We would like to read people's dreams." Previously the only way to access people's dreams is for psychologists to ask about them after the event and try to interpret them. Dr Cerf hopes to eventually compare people's memories of their dreams with an electronic visualization of their brain activity. He told the BBC: "There's no clear answer as to why humans dream. And one of the questions we would like to answer is when do we actually create this dream?" The scientist believes his latest research shows that certain neurons or individual brain cells are linked with specific objects or concepts . He found that a particular neuron lit up when a volunteer thought about Marilyn Monroe. If a database was built up identifying various neurons with concepts, objects and people it would allow them to "read the subject's minds", according to Dr Cerf. However, Dr Roderick Oner, a clinical psychologist and dream expert, said that this kind of visualization would be of limited help when it came to interpreting the "complex dream narrative ". In addition to getting a detailed picture of individual neurons subjects had to have electrodes implanted deep in the brain using surgery. The Nature researchers used data from patients who had electrodes implanted to monitor and treat them for brain seizures . However, Dr Cerf said he hoped that it would be possible at a later stage to monitor people without invasive surgery .He said it would be "wonderful" to be able to read the minds of coma patients who are unable to communicate. Previously, if people wanted to understand their dreams, they would get help from _ .
|
[
"psychologists",
"scientists",
"doctors",
"biologists"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of two mountain bikers. Which mountain biker was moving at a lower speed?
|
[
"a mountain biker who moved 175kilometers in 5hours",
"a mountain biker who moved 85kilometers in 5hours"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In China, if you are not married by the time you are 30, you are _ trouble: social blame and pressure from family and friends can get you down. And if you are a woman, it's even worse. Many young people get married simply to get other people off their backs . This is a serious compromise. One ends up not marrying the ideal partner. There are, however, a few young people who refuse to compromise: if they can't find a good marriage partner, they say, they would rather not marry at all. 34-year-old Kate is a university lecturer in English. She said she would not describe herself as celibatarian but simply a woman who hasn't come across the right man yet. She has sharp comments for the way in which the old generation looks at marriage. "Many people think marriage is a duty---to your parents, family and society. Nobody cares if your marriage is happy or not, she said, I think this is very wrong and I intend to live and act according to my own will." Happily for her, her parents are open-minded and not lay stress on her. But the same does not apply to her friends. They are constantly trying to get her together with some young man or another. She always refuses politely. If marriage is regarded as a duty to society, _ .
|
[
"everybody will be happy and satisfied",
"nobody will pay attention to whether you are happy or not in your family life",
"you can easily find an ideal partner",
"young people will have nothing to worry about in marriage"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some problems are difficult to solve. But there are a lot of number expressions that can help. For example, if we put two and two together, we might come up with the right answer. We know that two heads are better than one. It is always better to work with another person to solve a problem. Some problems have only one solution. You cannot be of two minds over this. But with any luck,we can solve the problem in two shakes of a lamb's tail. In other words,we could have our answers quickly and easily. Sometimes we can kill two birds with one stone. That is, we can complete two goals with only one effort or action. But we must remember that two wrongs don't make a right. If someone does something bad to you, you should not do the same to him. If you are going out with your girlfriend,or boyfriend,but you don't want another friend to go along on your date,you can just say to your friend: two's company, three's a crowd. When I was a young child in school, I had to learn the three R' s. These important skills are reading, writing and arithmetic. These three words do not all start with the letter "R". But they have the sound of "R". My teacher used to give three cheers when I did well in maths. They gave praise and approval for a job well done. Some of my friends were confused and did not understand their school work. They were at sixes and sevens. In fact, they did not care if they finished high school. But they were happy when they completed their studies and graduated from high school. They were in seventh heaven. They were on cloud nine. Nine times out of ten students who do well in school find good jobs. Some work in an office doing the same things every day at nine-to-five jobs. You do not have to dress to the nines, or wear your best clothes, for this kind of work. When Tom wins first place in the game,we can congratulate him by using " _ " according to the passage.
|
[
"dress up to the nines",
"give three cheers",
"kill two birds with one stone",
"put two and two together"
] | 1B
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Jim is a little boy. He stays with his grandma. He likes sweets and cakes. He always eats some food with sweets before he goes to bed. And as soon as he gets up in the morning, he can find some cakes on the table in his bedroom. One morning, before Jim got up, his grandma took some cakes to his bedroom. She saw Jim crying in bed. "What's the matter, dear?" his grandma asked in a hurry. "I've a bad toothache," said Jim. So his grandma had to take him to the dentist's. The dentist pulled out the bad tooth for him at last. Two days later Jim felt better and was at school again. Mrs. Hunt asked, "What was the matter with you those days, Jim?" "I had a bad toothache, madam," answered Jim. "Oh, I'm sorry to hear that," said Mrs. Hunt. "Is it better now?" "I don't know, madam. I left it with the dentist." Jim likes _ .
|
[
"vegetables",
"fruits",
"sweets and cakes",
"sweets and hamburgers"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I know what you're thinking: pizza? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night's _ in the a. m. if you want to. I know lots of women who skip breakfast, and they have a lot of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don't have time. Others think they're "saving" calories, still others just don't like breakfast food. But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you're trying to lose weight. "Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all," says Katherine Brooking, R, D, who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year's "SELF CHALLENGE". And even pizza can be healthy if it's loaded with vegetables, and you just eat one small piece. Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of getting weight than those who regularly have a morning meal. So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night's leftovers -- it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, "You can always eat it tomorrow." I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it...you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body get the fat-burning effects. What can we infer from the text?
|
[
"Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.",
"Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.",
"There are some easy ways of losing weight.",
"Eating vegetables helps save energy."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Advice to "sleep on it" could be well founded, scientists say. After a good night's sleep a problem that couldn't be solved the night before can often appear more manageable. Researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night's sleep can improve insight and problem-solving ability. "If you have some newly-got memories in your brain, sleep acts on these memories and restructures them, so that after sleep the insight increases," said Dr Jan Born, a neuroscientist, at the University. To test the discovery, they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them turn a string of numbers into a new order. There was also a third, hidden rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups: half were allowed to sleep after the training while the rest were forced to stay awake. Dr Jan Born and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the other group. "Sleep helped," Born said in a telephone interview . The important thing is that you have to have a memory description of the problem you want to solve in your brain and then you sleep, so it can act on the problem." But Born admitted that he and his team don't know how restructuring of memories occurs or what controls it. Pierre Maquet and Perrine Ruby of the University of Liege in Belgium said the experimental evidence supports the suggestion that sleep can help develop creative thinking. Although the role of sleep in human creativity will still be a mystery, the research gives people good reasons to fully respect their periods of sleep, they added. What is the purpose of the experiment?
|
[
"To test problem-solving ability in sleep.",
"To discover people's insight during sleep.",
"To prove a good sleep helps solve problems.",
"To discuss how to improve sleeping quality."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
adding salt to a solid decreases what?
|
[
"how much light it emits",
"how much sound it emits",
"the energy needed to harden",
"the speed it travels"
] | 2C
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mobile phones and the internet have improved our live in many ways. However, along with improvements, they have also brought a number of worrying problems. Many car accident are caused by mobile phones. You can use many new mobile phones to get on the internet. This can be very convenient, but some drivers get on the internet while driving. Driving needs all our attention. By looking at their mobile phones and not at the road, these insensitive Drivers are a danger to us all. Many of the dangers of the internet are well known. Children who visit websites without their parents' permission sometimes talk to older people they don't know and put themselves in great danger. People with blogs sometimes post embarrassing photographs of people they don't know on their websites without permission. There are also people who use the internet to get personal information that we do not want them to have. Mobile Phone and Internet Safety Tips If you need to use a mobile phone with you drive use a "hands-free" phone. In difficult driving situations such as rain or snow, do not use your phone at all. Do not make very important phone calls while driving. They take your attention off the road. Tell your children not to talk with anyone they do not know on the internet. In an embarrassing situation, pay attention to people around you. People will be shy about taking your picture if they know you're paying attention. Refuse to give out any information personal information on the internet. A "hands-free" mobile phone is probably a mobile phone that _ .
|
[
"is free to use",
"can be used without your hands",
"can be used with only one hand",
"can be use only in ears"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Any foreigner who has tried to learn Chinese can tell how hard it is to master the tones required to speak and understand.And anyone who has tried to learn to play the violin or other instruments can report similar challenges. Now researchers have found that people with musical training have an easier time learning Chinese.Writing in the online edition of Nature Nenroscieme, researchers from Northwestern University say that both skills draw on the same parts of the brain that help people discover changes in pitch . One of the study's authors, Nina Kraus, said the findings suggested that studying music "actually tunes our sensory system".This means that schools that want children to do well in languages should hesitate before cutting music programs.Dr.Kraus said.She said music training might also help children with language problems. Mandarin speakers have been shown to have a more complex encoding of pitch patterns in their brains than English speakers do.This is because in Mandarin and other Asian languages, pitch plays a central role.A single syllable word can have several meanings depending on how it is _ . For this study, the researchers looked at 20 non Chinese speaking volunteers, half with no musical background and half who have studied an instrument for at least six years. As they were shown a movie, the volunteers also heard an audio tape of the Mandarin word "mi" in three of its meanings: squint, bewilder and rice.The researchers recorded activities in their brain stems to see how well they were processing the sounds.Those with a music background showed much more brain activities in response to the Chinese sounds. The lead author of the study, Patrick C.M.Wong, said it might work both ways.It appear? That native speakers of tonal languages may do better at learning instruments. When learning Chinese, a foreigner will find _ .
|
[
"he has a difficult time learning music at the same time",
"he has an easier time learning music at the same time ?",
"it is hard to master the tones required to speak and understand",
"it is easy to use the brain to help him discover changes in pitch"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The creative projects of World Food Program (WFP) focused on preventing hunger from taking hold in the future and breaking the cycle of hunger. Here are some of the ways in which we work to prevent hunger in the future: School Meals As well as directly addressing hunger, School Meals projects encourage families to keep their children in school and help them build better futures. If children aren't hungry they will concentrate on their lessons. With a solid education growing children have a better chance of finding their own way out of hunger. These projects benefit girls especially. For more information: www.wfp.org/schools meals. Food for Assets WFP's Food for Assets projects provide the hungry with food to lay the foundation for a better tomorrow. When poor farmers no longer have to worry about the next meal, they have the time and energy to build irrigation systems that can increase production. Similarly, Food for Training projects allow the poor to devote time to learning skills that will sustain them economically in the future. For more information: www.wfp.org/food-assets. HIV/AIDS WFP uses its food rations to reduce the blow of HIV and AIDS. The agency distributes its rations to people living with HIV and AIDS, so they can keep providing for their families for longer and have time to transfer vital knowledge and skills to the growing number of AIDS children--the next generation of food providers in developing countries. For more information: www.wfp.org/hiv-aids. Purchase for Progress WFP buys large amounts of food in developing countries. It has this purchasing power and uses it to help poor farmers contact reliable markets where they can get competitive prices for their produce. With secure markets, farmers will be encouraged to produce more and innovate .The knock-on effect is producing more food for everyone. For more information: www.wfp.ofp/purchase-progress. AIDS children can benefit from food rations in that _ .
|
[
"they no longer go hungry",
"they can take care of their parents",
"they don't have to worry about food",
"they can learn more skills from their parents"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Rust forming on a bike frame is a ().
|
[
"physical change",
"chemical change"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Every human being has a unique arrangement of the skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the uniqueness of finger-prints and discovered that no exactly similar pattern is passed on from parents to children, though nobody knows why this is the case. The ridge structure on a person's fingers does not change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries. Burns, cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one which bears a reproduction of the original pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be destroyed. Some criminals make use of this fact to remove their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take. Finger-prints can be made very easily with printer's ink. They can be recorded easily. With special methods, identification can be achieved successfully within a short time. Because of the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case. A suspected man may deny a charge but this may be in vain. His finger-prints can prove who he is even if his appearance has been changed by age or accident. When a suspect leaves finger-prints behind at the scene of a crime, they are difficult to detect with the naked eye. Special techniques are used to "develop" them. Some of the marks found are incomplete but identification is possible if a print of a quarter of an inch square can be obtained. It is _ for a criminal to deny his crime when finger-prints are used to identify him.
|
[
"worth trying",
"successful",
"useful",
"useless"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Second Life is a 3D online world in which computer users can create a new life and live a different life. Second Life is one of the most popular new online games. But unlike other games, Second Life is not about winning or losing. Second Life is technically a computer game. But people involved in it do not consider it a game because the players create everything. Second Life is more for socializing and creating communities. Users of Second Life are called residents( ). To take part, they must create an avatar, or an electronic image of themselves. Some avatars look like humans, while others look like animals or imaginary creatures. Inside the Second Life world, residents live in different versions of themselves. They build homes, run businesses, buy and sell things, work, play, and attend schools. They even have relationships and get married. Second Life was created in 2003 by Linden Lab in San Francisco, California. Linden Lab controls the website where the ever-changing world is being created. There are now about one million people around the world who are active to Second Life. The number has grown quickly since the beginning of the year when there were about one hundred thousand users. The average age of people involved with Second Life is about thirty. However, Linden Lab has recently created Teen Second Life for young users. Second Life has its own economy and its own money, called Linden dollars. Millions of dollars are made and spent each month in Second Life. Users can enter Second Life for free. But they must pay for a membership if they want to own land or buy and sell goods and services. Recently, several major companies have become involved with Second Life. They want to be part of the growing business world that exists within the made-up reality. Why do some big companies want to join in Second life?
|
[
"They want to experience life in the made-up reality.",
"They want to promote their products more widely.",
"They want to be a member of Second Life.",
"They want to build agencies in Second life."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is a source of food and growth for a mushroom?
|
[
"rotting organisms",
"sunshine",
"minerals in soil",
"water in soil"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
We've been judging people based on the way they look for thousands of years. The ancient Greeks turned it into a science, "physiognomy". As early as 500 BC, the mathematician Pythagoras would look carefully at young men's faces to determine if they'd make a good student, not long after Aristotle wrote how large-headed people were mean. It was widely believed at the time that the animal a person resembled was a good judge of character. By the Middle Ages it was well and truly mainstream. Professionals coined the phrase "stuck-up" to refer from the belief that those with upturned noses had an air of superiority, "high-brow" to refer to the high foreheads of nobles and "low-brow" to the less educated foreheads of the lower classes. Back in 2016, we're still doing it. We view those who resemble Labradors as warm, while those who resemble lions as more of a ruler. We think of those with "resting moody face" as more aggressive, those who are less attractive as sick and expect people who look familiar to share our values. Many of these judgments occur in as little as 50 milliseconds. To get to understand and find out why having a babyface is so great, first we need to know what happens when we recognize an actual baby. In fact, the features of babies and those universally considered "cute" are nothing more than a series of developmental accidents. Our eyes are already fully grown by the time we're born but our heads aren't. Similarly, our bodies do a lot more growing later on than our heads. Babies have more body fat than adults, chubby cheeks, for example. The list goes on. And regardless of whether you're very maternal or find babies really annoying, we're unconditionally to respond to their features by turning into gentle baby-talking fools. Most importantly, gazing into their innocent faces makes us less aggressive and more generous and helpful. So there you have it. Next time you find yourself staring affectionately into the eyes of a baby-faced friend, colleague or date, just remember, you may be the latest victim in a long-running systematic evolutionary trick. What's the passage mainly talking about?
|
[
"The features of faces.",
"The science of judging people by face.",
"The trick of faces.",
"The importance of judging people from their looks."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In our old neighborhood, neighbors chatted over fences. Newcomers were welcomed with chocolate and bread. It had been easy to find friends there. Our new community was different. It seemed that family roots grew deep. Deep as the Mississippi river that flowed past the tiny river town. We'd moved to decrease my husband's commute to work. Only thirty miles. After living there for six months, I was ready to move back home. I was lonely for a friend. My three boys were lonely. My husband, Lonny, fared okay, but he spent his days at work. Lonny noticed my sinking disposition. "Shawnelle, you look unapproachable," he said. He and I were sitting in lawn chairs. Samuel, our three-year-old son sat in his own little chair. "What do you mean?" "Body language. You placed our chairs fifteen yards away from everyone else." "It doesn't matter. I'm not going to have friends here. " Just then Samuel looked up. "Mom's right, Dad. And we just want to go home. " That's when I knew that I needed an adjustment. I didn't want my boys to learn that the way to work through a tough time was to use a wounded and bitter attitude. Over the next few months I smiled when I didn't feel like it. We signed up for reading programs at the library and frequented parks and the bike path along the river. One afternoon Samuel and I clambered up the stairs to the library activity room. A woman who I hadn't seen before sat at an oblong table with a tiny boy. "Hi," she said. "I'm Tammy. Do you need a seat? There's one right here." I sat down next to Tammy. Soon class was over, and I still had a lot to say. "Why don't you come over later?" Tammy asked. "I live on a farm. There's plenty of room for the kids to run. " We went. And since that day, we've been back a million times. When I look back, I'm grateful for that tough time. I learned to persevere. I'm glad I didn't give up. And as for my boys, they learned a lesson too. "Keep moving forward," is what I tell them. "Your heart will follow." What lesson did Shawnelle teach her kids?
|
[
"Have a dream in difficult times",
"Never break up with old friends.",
"Be careful in making friends.",
"Keep up in a tough time."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which statement correctly describes a relationship between the distance from Earth and a characteristic of a star?
|
[
"As the distance from Earth to the star decreases, its size increases.",
"As the distance from Earth to the star increases, its size decreases.",
"As the distance from Earth to the star decreases, its apparent brightness increases.",
"As the distance from Earth to the star increases, its apparent brightness increases."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
A study made by University of Sussex found that men and women who frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain . The researchers said : " Simultaneously , using mobile phones , laptops and other media devices could change the structure of our brains . " Worryingly , the part of the brain that shrinks is involved in processing emotion . The finding has linked multi-tasking with a shortened attention span , depression , anxiety and lower grades at school . The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology . This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking email , or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the web . The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingulated cortex ( ACC ) . The findings held even when differences in personality were taken into account . The study , published in the journal PLOS ONE , is the first to make a link between multi-tasking and the structure of the brain . Researcher KepKeeLoh said : " Media multi-tasking is become more popular in our lives today and there is growing concern about its impacts on our cognition and social-emotional well-being . " He added that more researches are needed to prove that multi-tasking shrinks the brain . This is because it is also possible that people with less grey matter in the ACC are more likely to use lots of devices simultaneously . Scientists have previously described brain structure can be altered on prolonged exposure to new environments and experience . Other studies have shown that training - such as learning magic or taxi drivers learning the map of London - can increase grey matter densities in certain parts . What can we learn about grey matter from the passage ?
|
[
"Watching the TV for a long time can reduce grey matter .",
"The decrease of grey matter in the ACC affects emotion .",
"People with less grey matter prefer to use media devices .",
"Taxi drivers in London have more grey matter than others ."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The prairie grass ecosystem once had a deep layer of topsoil which was protected by the grasses that covered it. Removal of these grasses for farmland is causing the soil to be eroded mainly by
|
[
"wind and rain.",
"animal movement.",
"crops grown in the soil.",
"increased temperatures."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Every single bit of growth and life on earth is connected to the power of
|
[
"solar aliens",
"magic orbs",
"magic beans",
"daylight"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If plants are going to grow, their seeds need to
|
[
"travel elsewhere",
"be eaten",
"pass a test",
"be washed"
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is the least massive?
|
[
"the Earth",
"the moon",
"the sun",
"the solar system"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Chinese people first encountered the term "empty nest"in a work of famous writer Bing Xin in 1980. In the past three decades, it has become a widespread social phenomenon. And with society and the economy developing at a faster pace, the condition of elderly couples has worsened. Data shows that over half of the families in China are "empty nest" households, with the figure being as high as 70 percent in some big cities. There were 41.5 million "empty nest" old people aged 65 or above in 2010.Experts even say that "empty nest" families will become the major pattern in Chinese cities and rural areas, dealing a blow to the traditional family support system and requiring the government to take greater care of the material and spiritual needs of senior citizens and to provide them better psychological comfort, proper healthcare and legal aid. After retirement, people tend to participate in fewer social activities, spending more time at home reading newspapers or watching television. "Empty nest" people, who are not taken proper care of by their children, are bound to feel lonely, and are usually unwilling to engage in recreational activities, which leads to psychological problems. A survey shows that over half of the "empty nest" old suffer from mental problems to different degrees. Loneliness, anxiety and depression are the most common. Grown-up children are to take care of not only their parents, but also to respect their feelings, by having more heart-to-heart conversations with them. Family love plays an important role in providing mental comfort for the elderly. They should undertake the responsibility of visiting aged parents more often and making them feel wanted. There is a lot more communities could do to help make senior citizens' life better. To begin with, they could recruitcommunity volunteers, from warm-hearted university students to helpful and devoted middle-aged citizens. Senior citizens, too, should make an effort to release tension and prepare for a happy life in their twilight years. They should change their mentality and try to be less emotionally dependent on their children, develop hobbies, extend their social circle, and set new goals to make the rest of their life more interesting. (362words) All of the solutions are mentioned except _
|
[
"Children regularly pay a visit to their parents.",
"The local communities take measures to help the old.",
"The elderly should try to obtain employment after retirement.",
"The old should no longer totally depend on their children emotionally."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is the softest?
|
[
"plastic bucket",
"cotton apron",
"glass flask"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Drinking a lot of water does not do any good to the body, according to two experts in the United States. In fact, they warn, drinking too much water could be, in certain cases, harmful. In a study, Dr Stanly Goldfarb and Dr Dan Negoianu, both of the Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division at the University of Pensylvania, the United States, have denied the popular belief that drinking a lot of water clears body toxins better, improves skin, and helps reduce weight. Dr Goldfarb and Dr Negoianu say that they found little proof to back the public opinion that drinking 8 glasses of water every day benefits health. At the same time, they fond little proof of harm in drinking 8 glasses of water every day. It is widely believed that in some cases-such as athletes, people who live in hot, dry environments, and those with certain medical conditions-drinking a lot of water indeed helps, but no studies have been done to prove the benefits of this practice in average, healthy people, the website medheadlines.com reports. The study at the University of Pennsylvania also examined reports that some people experienced increased headaches when their consumption of water was low. In one small study, which the doctors reviewed, the group drinking the most water reported fewer headaches than the control group, "but the difference in the number of headaches was o small between the two groups as to be considered unimportant." The researchers concluded that there is no scientific proof to support that average, healthy people need to drink at least 8 glasses of water each each day. The website medheadines.com says that, according to an Indian doctor, drinking too much water is harmful. If water enters the body more quickly than it can be removed, problems can occur. What's the key message delivered in the passage?
|
[
"Drinking too much water might bring harm.",
"Whether to drink enough water makes no difference.",
"Drinking too much water may cause headaches.",
"Average, healthy people should drink more water."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Writer: Amy Gillett Price:$24.95Fare :$3.99(Ships from and sold by Amazon.com.) INTRODUCTION .................................9 Lesson 1: Bob's Day at Work...........................11 Lesson 2: Bob Returns Home with Bad News.........17 Lesson 3: Ted's Day at School........................23 Lesson 4: Nicole's Day at School.....................27 Lesson 5: Ted Goes Out for the Evening...............33 REVIEW: Lessons 1-5 .................................37 : If Tom wants to buy this book from Amazon.com, he has to pay _ .
|
[
"$3.99",
"$24.95",
"$20.96",
"$28.94"
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Cassie has a scar on her left hand.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When ice is heated in a pan to 100 degrees Fahrenheit it will melt and then
|
[
"be agitated",
"refreeze",
"spin",
"do nothing"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Peggy Hilt wanted to be a good mother. But day after day, she got out of bed feeling like a failure. No matter what she tried, she couldn't connect with Nina, the 2-year -old girl she'd adopted from Russia as an infant . The preschooler pulled away whenever Hilt tried to hug or kiss her. Nina was physically aggressive with her 4-year-old sister, who had been adopted from Ukraine, and had violent tantrums . Whenever Hilt wasn't watching, she destroyed the family's furniture and possessions. "Every day with Nina had become a struggle," she recalls now. As the girl grew older, things got worse. Hilt fell into a deep depression. She started drinking heavily, something she'd never done before. Ashamed, she hid her problem from everyone, including her husband. On the morning of July 1, 2005, Hilt was packing for a family vocation, all the while swallowing one beer after another and growing increasingly angry and impatient with Nina's deeds. "Everything she did just got to me," Hilt said. When Hilt caught her reaching into her diaper and smearing feces on the walls and furniture, "a year and a half of frustration came to a head," Hilt says. "I snapped . I felt this uncontrollable rage." Then Hilt did something unthinkable. She grabbed Nina around the neck, shook her and then dropped her to the floor, where she kicked her repeatedly before dragging her up to her room, punching her as they went. "I had never hit a child before," she says. "I felt horrible and promised myself that this would never happen again." But _ . Nina woke up with a fever, and then started throwing up. The next day she stopped breathing. By the time the ambulance got the child to the hospital, she was dead. Hilt is now serving a 19-year sentence for second-degree murder in a Virginia prison. She and her husband divorced, and he is raising their other daughter. She realizes the horror of her crime and says she isn't looking for sympathy. "There is no punishment severe enough for what I did," she told NEWSWEEK in an interview at the prison. NEWSWEEK in the last sentence of this text refers to a _ .
|
[
"magazine",
"journalist",
"book",
"policeman"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following substances can be separated into several elements?
|
[
"nitrogen",
"zinc",
"air",
"aluminum"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
A study of a million UK women, published today in The Lancet, has shown that happiness itself has no direct effect on mortality, and that the widespread but mistaken belief that unhappiness and stress directly cause ill health came from studies that had simply confused cause and effect. Life-threatening poor health can cause unhappiness, and for this reason unhappiness is associated with increased mortality. In addition, smokers tend to be unhappier than non-smokers. However, after taking account of previous ill health, smoking, and other lifestyle and socio-economic factors, the investigators found that unhappiness itself was no longer associated with increased mortality. The lead author, Dr Bette Liu, now at the University of New South Wales, Australia said: "Illness makes you unhappy, but unhappiness itself doesn't make you ill. We found no direct effect of unhappiness or stress on mortality, even in a ten-year study of a million women." As in other studies, unhappiness was associated with deprivation, smoking, lack of exercise, and not living with a partner. The strongest associations, however, were that the women who were already in poor health tended to say that they were unhappy, stressed, not in control, and not relaxed. The main analyses included 700 000 women, average age 59 years, and over the next 10 years these women were followed by electronic record linkage for mortality, during which time 30 000 of the women died. After allowing for any differences already present in health and lifestyle, the overall death rate among those who were unhappy was the same as the death rate among those who were generally happy. The study is so large that it rules out unhappiness being a direct cause of any material increase in overall mortality in women. This was true for overall mortality, for cancer mortality, and for heart disease mortality, and it was true for stress as well as for unhappiness. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
|
[
"Unhappiness will definitely make a person ill.",
"Unhappiness doesn't necessarily make you ill.",
"Unhappiness is not associated with lack of exercise.",
"The death rate among those unhappy people is greater."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When did you last see a polar bear? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, air temperature was 3degC, and the water temperature was a bit higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island , New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group, this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February. Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter. The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits(or advantages) of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming. The main benefits(or advantages) of cold-water swimming are probably mental . The Polar Bears love to swim year-round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says,"When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away ." The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that _ .
|
[
"they must reach the age of 60",
"they should be easy to make friends with",
"they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months",
"they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
First aid is the aid or the help which can be given to an injured person first, that is, before any other help comes. Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first we should do, if a serious accident happens, call the phone for an ambulance. Sometimes our quick action may save someone's life. Shock. People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury, sometimes even when the injury is very tiny. The face turns grey, and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink. Broken bones. Do not move the patient. Send for an ambulance at once. Bleeding. A little bleeding doesn't harm. It washes dirt from the wound. But if the bleeding continues, try to stop it by placing a clean cloth firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or helps arrive. Poison. A person who has taken poison should be taken to a hospital at once. With some poisons, sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make the patient throw up by pressing your fingers down his throat. Remember: When an accident happens, send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once. Keep the injured person warm and quiet. Give him plenty of air. Do not let other people crowd around him. If someone goes into shock after receiving an injury, you'll find that _ .
|
[
"the face turns grey",
"the skin becomes damp and cold",
"he patient breathes quickly",
"all of the above"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
After a soccer game, Brittany sat under a fan because she was hot. Under the fan, she felt cooler than before. Which explains why Brittany felt cooler under the fan?
|
[
"Air moving under the fan is cooler than air that is still.",
"The evaporation of sweat absorbs heat from the skin.",
"Water vapor from the fan condenses on the skin.",
"The fan speeds convection currents in the air."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Autistic children may learn better from robots than from human beings, according to a study at a school in Birmingham. Two robots like humans, Max and Ben, have been helping teach autistic children at Sutcliffe Primary School since March last year. The school is the first in the UK to try the new way. Ian Lowe, the head teacher, said, "The robots have no feelings, so autistic children find that they are less terrible than their teachers." He added, "They are really cute-looking. Autistic children are hard to communicate with adults and other children, but for some reasons they like these robots. "Some children are not able to communicate with others. But they come into school and start to communicate through the robots." The robots are knee-high and move like children. The school is using them to teach phonics and play cards or memory and imitation games with children from five to ten. Dr Guldberg said, "We do many different activities with the robots acting as a model for the children's behavior. It is amazing to see how interested and concentrated the children can be when they are working with the robots. It can be very difficult to get autistic children to concentrate." He added, "If you can meet the needs of autistic children, you can meet the needs of all children. And you know, when people feel safe and interested, they learn much better." Which is TRUE about Max and Ben?
|
[
"They are robots with feelings.",
"The can move like teachers.",
"They are interested in autistic children.",
"They can make autistic children concentrate."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the invertebrate.
|
[
"human",
"puffin",
"golden orb-weaver",
"cardinalfish"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A glass a day keeps obesity at bay.Alcohol has always been thought to cause weight gain because of its high sugar content,but new research suggests a glass a day could form part of a diet.Looking at past studies they found that,while heavy drinkers do put on weight;those who drink _ can actually lose weight. A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says,"Light to moderate alcohol intake,especially of wine,may be more likely to protect against,rather than promote,weight gain".The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol Research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions,particularly that current data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University's Dr.Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood.His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes ,which relate to increasing obesity.Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers. The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat,and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods.They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks,taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight. For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one's risk of becoming obese.What's more,a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol,a compound present in grapes and red wine,destroys fat cells. What can we learn from the passage?
|
[
"Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.",
"Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat.",
"The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear.",
"The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Entropia Universe The Entropia Universe is a virtual world on the Internet, which seems very like our real life.It is set in a distant future and based on a planet called Calypso.Entropia was the brainchild of a group of Swedish computer lovers who decided to see if they could create a three dimensional virtual world that could be placed on the Internet.They did manage after they received the financial backing they needed. The game can be played for free, but nearly all in-game activities require personal resources that you have available to use.Although there are various activities to keep you busy on Calypso, what most people do first is to find themselves a profession, such as hunting the fierce animals on Calypso, mining the precious minerals and making tools.Then they can think about buying their virtual house or paying a visit to a virtual nightclub or doing any of the other activities that make life bearable. Entropia has its very own economy and its own currency, the PED (Project Entropia Dollars).Players move real world money into PED which they then use to pay for their life on Calypso.However, the virtual things inside Entropia do have a real value in the outside world, and careful business deals mean that players can actually make real money there.PED can be changed into dollars any time at a rate of 10PED to 1US$. What's so impressive about The Entropia Universe is the number of players; currently more than 600,000 representing over 220 countries from planet Earth.A number of players insist that it's a good way to make money.However, the reality of Entropia's economic system is that most people end up paying more than they earn and it's not uncommon to find players who are paying up to $200 a month into their PED account.This might not be the most economical way of spending one's free time.However, some people say that for them the fact that they can escape the realities of the earthbound life and become a different person with a completely different life for a few hours every week is worth the use of money, even if they don't get any interest rates on it. What can be inferred about The Entropia Universe?
|
[
"It is technical.",
"It is satisfying.",
"It is ridiculous.",
"It is educational."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives -either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmer's crops. In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today, Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away. Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next,Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family. From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place. Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away. As mentioned in the passage, Lucy
|
[
"works by herself in Africa",
"needs to test more elephant groups",
"has stopped elephants eating crops",
"has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some problems are difficult to solve! But there are a lot of number expressions that can help.For example,if we put two and two together,we might come up with the right answer.We know that two heads are better than one. It is always better to work with another person to solve a problem. Sometimes we can kill two birds with one stone.That is, we can complete two goals with only one effort or action.But we must remember that two wrongs don't make a right.If someone does something bad to you,you should not do the same to him. If you are going out with your girlfriend,or boyfriend,you do not want another friend to go along on your date.You can just say to your friend:twos company, three's a crowd. A young child in school has to learn the three Rs.These important skills are reading, writing and arithmetic. These three words do not all start with the 1etter R,but they have the sound of R. Teachers will give three cheers when their pupils do a good job. Some of my friends were confused and did not understand their schoolwork.They were at sixes and sevens.In fact,they did not care whether they could finish high school. They saw 1ittle difference between the two choices.But they were really happy when they completed their studies and graduated from high school. They were in seventh heaven.They were on cloud nine. Last year,one of my friends applied for a better job at her office.I did not think she would get it.I thought she had a hundred to one shot at the job.Other people at her office thought her chances were a million to one. One reason was that she had been caught catching forty winks at the office.She slept at her desk for short periods during the day.But her supervisor appointed her to the new job at the eleventh hour--at the very last minute.I guess her lucky number came up. The writer thinks it is _ that makes her friend find the new job.
|
[
"her good luck",
"her good fame",
"her workmates help",
"her supervisors neglect of duty"
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Once the 2008 Olympic Games finishes, the drums and trumpets of the competitions would also stop. But would the city remain as lively as it would be after this world event? Investment sustainability and high demand are two highly invaluable economic concepts that can be looked at in order to ensure post-Olympics flourish, or perhaps, an even better future for Beijingers. Naturally, an economic downturn occurs in an Olympic host city once the major event finishes. Renmin University Professor Jin Yuanpu noted that a global event like this would put Beijing into a position of large importance in the international stage. But after this event, who would use the heavily-funded equipment and public and private investments left in the city? Various economists argued that a meltdown is highly unlikely. Jonathan Anderson, UBS Asia economist, suggested that the negative effects of the end of Beijing Olympics 2008 on the entire country aren't important compared to previous host cities. China is such a huge economy that the conclusion of the Olympics games is the same as an ant-bite on a dragon. But what about post-Olympics Beijing? Retired Headmaster of Peking University, Li Yining, noted that a long-term civil demand growth and a popular desire by companies to adopt careful financial management decisions can lead to continued investment growth. Even though demand in some departments of the economy would drop in the short-run, creativity, practicality and innovation would be the key factors that would continually enhance the city's image and flourish long after the Olympics in the city has ended. So what's next for Beijing after the Olympics? Well, it's business as usual... Why did Jonathan Anderson believe that the negative effects of the end of Beijing Olympics 2008 on the entire country aren't important?
|
[
"The negative effects are small.",
"The Chinese government has many measures to take.",
"The Chinese economy has developed at a certain level so that the negative effects can't affect it too much.",
"Jonathan Anderson liked China very much so he didn't want China to go worse."
] | 2C
|
econometrics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A boy was born to a couple after eleven years of marriage. They were a loving couple and loved the boy very much. When the boy was around two years old, one morning the husband saw a medicine bottle open. He was late for work so he asked the wife to cap the bottle and keep it in the cupboard. The mother, preoccupied in the kitchen, totally forgot the matter. The boy saw the bottle and playfully went to the bottle and, fascinated with its color, drank it all. It happened to be a poisonous medicine meant for adults in small dosages . When the child fell down, the mother hurried him to the hospital, where he died. The mother was shocked. She was terrified how to face her husband. When the father came to the hospital and saw the dead child, he looked at his wife and uttered just four words. The husband just said 'I am with you, Darling'. The husband's totally unexpected reaction is active behavior. The child is dead. He can never be brought back to life. There is no point in finding fault with the mother. Besides, if he had taken time to keep the bottle away, this would not have happened. No point in attaching blame. She had also lost her only child. What she needed at that moment was comfort and sympathy from the husband. That is what he gave her. If everyone can look at life with this kind of viewpoint, there would be much fewer problems in the world. Take off all your envies, unforgiveness, selfishness, and fears and you will find things are actually not as difficult as you think. Sometimes we spend time asking who is responsible or whom to blame, whether in a relationship, in a job or with the people we know. By this way we miss out some warmth in human relationship. The uncapped medical bottle was not put back into the cupboard because _ .
|
[
"the husband was careless",
"the wife ignored the matter",
"the husband was busy",
"the wife wasn't informed of the matter"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One of India's top engineering schools has restricted Internet access in its boarding houses, saying addiction to surfing, gaming and blogging was affecting students' performance, making them lonely and even suicidal. Authorities at the best Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Mumbai said students had stopped socializing and many were late for morning classes or slept through them. "Now, a student doesn't even know who lives two doors away from him because he is so busy on the Internet," said Prakash Gopalan, dean of student affairs. "The old dormitory culture of companionship and socializing among students is gone. This is not healthy in our opinion." IIT-Mumbai, with about 5,000 students, is one of seven IITs across India which are considered to be among the finest engineering schools in the world. They are also a talent pool for global technology giants. But their hard courses, tough competition and lonely campus lifestyle have taken an effect on students. Depressive and dysfunctional lifestyles are known to be common among IIT students, and at least nine have committed suicide in the past five years. Students have unlimited free Internet access in their boarding houses to help them in their studies, but many also use it to surf, chat, download movies and music, blog and for gaming. Starting Monday, Internet access will be banned between 11 p.m. and 12.30 p.m. at IIT-Mumbai's 13 boarding buildings to encourage students to sleep early and to try and force them out of their "shells", Gopalan said. But the move has not gone down well with students who say they hate their lives being regulated. "Now they will say we need to listen to a lullaby to go to sleep," said Rajiv, an electronics student. What measure has been taken in IIT- Mumbai?
|
[
"Students have unlimited free Internet access in their dormitories.",
"Students are forbidden to surf the Internet.",
"Internet access is unavailable in deep night.",
"Students must go to bed before 11 p.m."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The mathematical model for calculating speed is shown below. Speed = distance/time. An airplane traveled 700 kilometers in two hours during a trip. What was the average speed of the plane during the trip?
|
[
"5.8 kilometers per hour",
"350 kilometers per hour",
"1400 kilometers per hour",
"84,000 kilometers per hour"
] | 1B
|
college_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Internet joins millions of computers all over the world, and it's used by people all over the world. It was invented in the 1960s in the USA. The American government needed a network of computers for its army. Then in the 1970s scientists and businesspeople also wanted to use the Internet to send and receive messages. For some years, they weren't allowed to use US network, and when they were allowed to, the messages were in very simple text without photos. The World Wide Web was invented by a British scientist named Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. He wanted to send documents to other scientists. So he developed the World Wide Web. This allowed him to send and receive scientific documents with text, drawings and photos. In the 1990s, more and more people began to use the Internet and the World Wide Web. So, what's the difference between Internet and the World Wide Web? The Internet is the hardware .It allows us to communicate with other people. The World Wide Web is the software. It allows us to create , see, and read multimedia documents. The web is made up of millions of documents called web pages. These pages are held in computers all over the world. Many people have a favourite website with a number of web pages on the same subject. Email is a way of using your computer to send and receive messages. It's cheaper and quicker to use email than send normal mail. New users call normal mail "snail mail" because it's so slow. It took 50 years for 100 million people to listen to the radio. It took 15 years for 100 million people to watch television. By the year 2000, it had taken only about three years for 100 million people to use the Internet. What will happen next on the Internet? What's the best title of the passage?
|
[
"The history of the Internet",
"The World's greatest invention",
"The World Wide Web",
"The future of the Internet"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We've all had a bad feeling soon after a hearty lunch. You can' t stay focused, your energy level falls, and you wish you possessed a warm blanket so you could curl up under your desk for a quick nap. But you have important things to do-like completing that project or leading a team meeting in 1ess than an hour. You don't have to suffer that fate anymore. I have four foods that will get your focus back on track so that you can finish your workday stronger than you started. Keep these products handy in your office, and you'll never suffer from that 2 p. m. mental slog ever again. Green Tea While coffee is an important afternoon pick-me-up, green tea should not be overlooked. The unique combination of the amino acid thiamine and caffeine has been shown across several studies to improve creativity, ability to multitask, and reaction time. Try some amazing tea recipes to get, started. Almonds Almonds are a great afternoon recharger that research from Purdue University shows will also aid in your weight-loss efforts. This is because almonds provide sustained energy: a mix of fat, fiber, and protein.Those elements allow almonds to offer a convenient snack that gives you a smooth shot of energy that comes from controlling your blood sugar levels. Plus, research shows that people who regularly eat nuts have as much as a 50 percent reduced risk of having a heart attack. Greek Yogurt Research from the University of Missouri shows that protein helps your body into better blood sugar control by stimulating the release of the hormone glucagon . Aim for a cup that has 20 t0 23 gram.s of protein for your snack. Dark Chocolate Despite often being viewed as a bad dietary food, dark chocolate can help fight off that urge to take a nap in the middle of the day. While dark chocolate does contain small amounts of caffeine, its real power comes from phenyl ethylamine . Research from Middlesex University in London shows that just smelling chocolate can shift brain activity towards greater attention. Which of the following statements is true?
|
[
"White coffee can't help us stay focused in the afternoon.",
"Eating Almonds regularly can help us lose weight.",
"Dark Chocolate can help us have a good nap in the afternoo .",
"Having no lunch can help us stay focused in the afternoon."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If the number of trees significantly decreases, the atmosphere's level of which gas might significantly increase?
|
[
"nitrogen",
"carbon dioxide",
"carbon monoxide",
"hydrogen"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following helps the body to cool down?
|
[
"shivering",
"sweating",
"running a fever",
"taking deep breaths"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Book into the new prefix = st1 /AucklandHospitalat a typical hour, say 11 on a Saturday night, and you will notice changes in the way you are treated. Let's start with the blood sample taken from your arm as you are wheeled in the door. By the time you are through the security doors and into the emergency area, that sample could have been sent through to the lab by vacuum tube and analysed by a machine which automatically feeds a preparative result into the clinical database. Less than a minute after the sample is processed, the doctors can see the results through the monitors beside every position in the emergency suites. As you are being wheeled in, you may notice cameras in the ceiling. The hospital has spent $4 million on its camera security system to protect staff and patients. When you come to in the neighbouring Admission and Planning Unit, the clinician may be looking at all your records, x-rays and even documents sent in by your GP on a Compaq tablet PC wirelessly connected to the network by an 802.11 "WiFi" card. It's not ideal for viewing images, but it should be good enough for a bedside consultation . If the clinician needs to consult a specialist or your GP, the other party can see the same records from home or office through a secure internet connection. Dr Nigel Murray, general manager of the hospital building programme, said about $30 million of the $500 million budget for the project had been spent on information technology. The passage mainly tell us _ .
|
[
"high-tech help in first aid",
"computer help in the first aid",
"x-rays help in the hospital",
"camera help in the hospital"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Indoor public spaces such as restaurants, workplaces, hospitals and public transport are supposed _ from Jan 9 in China. On that day five years ago, China approved the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. However with the deadline days away, the government still hasn't come up with a clear message for the ban. An editorial from "China Daily" urges China to speed up its effort to ban smoking in public indoors. Referring to numbers from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the articles says if China fails to reduce tobacco consumption, the number of people killed by cigarettes will double by 2025 and three times by 2050, which is about 1.2 million now every year. This would cut the productivity of the work force and places a heavy burden on the country's healthcare system. The article says China has let an opportunity slip to change these statistics for the better. The momentum , however was not strong enough to make the country's public places smoke free. The editorial suggests that China should strengthen its effort to tax heavily smokers as there are no national regulations on banning smoking in public areas. What can learn from the passage that_.
|
[
"there are no national regulation on banning smoking in the public.",
"The momentum was not too strong to make the country's public places smoke free.",
"by 2025, the number of people killed by cigarettes will about 1.2 million.",
"\"China Daily\" urges China to speed up its effort to ban smoking in public."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Brutus's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?
|
[
"aa",
"a spotted coat"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Good morning! I am an English boy. My name is Frank Smith. My telephone number is 451-3175.My pen is blue, and my ruler is white. The girl is Grace Brown. Grace is a nice girl. Her telephone number is 535-9861. Her pen is black, and her ruler is red. Grace and I both like numbers. Numbers are interesting. _ is white.
|
[
"Frank's pen",
"Frank's ruler",
"Grace's pen",
"Grace's ruler"
] | 1B
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Henry inherited this trait?
|
[
"Henry's biological father wears contacts in his hazel eyes.",
"Henry wears glasses and so do his sisters.",
"Henry's friend also has hazel eyes."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
German scientists say that eating a little chocolate every day may keep you away from cardiovascular disease. The scientists have found that chocolate, especially dark chocolate , can help you cut down 39 percent of heart disease, including taking a very small amount . However, the study advises people not to eat too much chocolate, because too much chocolate is bad for our bodies. So the scientists advise people to eat small amount of chocolate instead of sugar or high-fat snacks. Scientists said, "Dark chocolate shows the greatest effects, milk chocolate fewer , and white chocolate no effects." The results showed chocolate may cut down blood pressure, but they also say that further study is needed. In the eight-year study, people's daily diet, exercise habits, and blood pressure were studied in 19,357 persons aged 35 to 65. They found that people who are an average of 7.5 grams of chocolate a day had a very lower chance of heart disease than those who ate much less chocolate , and average of 1.7 grams a day. It took the scientists _ years to prove that small amount of chocolate is good for people.
|
[
"8",
"35",
"39",
"65"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Nick Vujicic was born with no arms or legs, but the brave 32-year-old man, plays football and golf, swims, and surfs. Nick has a small foot on his left side, which helps him balance and enables him to kick. He uses his one foot to type, write with a pen and pick things up between his toes. "I call it my chicken drumstick ," joked Nick, "I'd be lost without it. When I get in the water I float because 80 per cent of my body is lungs and my drumstick acts as a propeller." When Nick was born his father was so shocked he left the hospital room to vomit. His _ mother couldn't bring herself to hold him until he was four months old. "It was so hard for them, but right from the start they did their best to make me independent. My dad put me in the water at 18 months and gave me the courage to learn how to swim. " said Nick. Throughout his childhood Nick dealt with the typical challenges. At the age of seven, Nick tried out some specially designed electronic arms and legs, in hope that he would be more like the other kids. During the short trial period of the electronic arms and legs, Nick realized that even with them, he was still unlike his peers at school, and they turned out to be much too heavy for Nick to operate, affecting his flexibility quite significantly. "When I was 13 I read a newspaper article about a disabled man who had managed to achieve great things and help others," said Nick, "I realized why God had made us like this - to give hope to others. It was so inspirational to me that I decided to use my life to encourage others and decided to be thankful for what I do have, not get angry about what I don't." "I tell people to keep on getting up when they fall and to always love themselves," he said. "If I can encourage just one person then my job in this life is done." By now, he has visited 35 different countries, touring the world as a motivational speaker. Nick abandoned the electronic arms and legs because _ .
|
[
"his family couldn't afford them",
"his classmates didn't like them",
"they were too heavy to handle",
"they affected his appearance"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Emily made a chart that included physical changes and chemical changes. Which change should be categorized as a chemical change?
|
[
"iron becomes rusty",
"a gold bar is melted",
"lake water evaporates",
"a granite rock is polished"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Scientists have discovered a special biological behavior in dolphins that could lead to a treatment for late-onset diabetes in humans. Studies on dolphins found that healthy dolphins switch into a diabetic-like state overnight when they are not feeding, but return to normal when they eat the following morning. The extraordinary finding has led scientists to suggest that dolphins have "genetic switch" that allows them to imitate diabetes while they are not feeding for a night, without suffering any ill effect. If researchers can identify a similar genetic pathway in human, they may be able to develop drugs to effectively switch off diabetes. Some 2.2 million people in Britain have type 2 (or late-onset) diabetes, a figure that is expected to reach 4 million by 2025 as a consequence of rising levels of obesity . The tissues of people with type 2 diabetes have become resistant to insulin so they lose the ability to control sugar levels in their blood. The condition can damage the heart, eyes, kidneys and nerves and contribute to 5% of all deaths, according to the World Healthy Organization. Dolphins appear to imitate diabetes to keep high levels of blood sugar when food is rare. Like humans, dolphins need some sugar in their blood for their brains to function normally. Venn-Watson's team analyzed 1,000 blood samples from 52 dolphins while they didn't eat anything overnight and fed in the morning. At night time, the dolphins' metabolism changed greatly and showed similar characteristics to that seen in people with type 2 diabetes. "It is our hope that this discovery can lead to new ways to prevent, treat and maybe even cure diabetes in humans," said Stephanie Venn-Watson, director of clinical research at the National Marine Foundation in San Diego. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"Scientists have found a similar genetic switch in humans.",
"More British people will suffer type 2 diabetes due to obesity.",
"2.2 million people with type 2 diabetes die in Britain every year.",
"Dolphins imitate diabetes to avoid a high blood sugar level."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You may not be aware, but digital currency is a big part of the Internet world. QQ Coins can buy you accessories for your QQ images. More importantly, a new digital currency, Bitcoin, is bringing the world's commerce online. If you're traveling, you can spend Bitcoins at restaurants and hotels listed at BitcoinTravel.com. In China, Bitcoins can be used to buy goods at about 134 online shops on Taobao. And at a cafe named 2nd Place in Beijing, you can even buy fresh coffee with Bitcoins. So what makes Bitcoin so attractive to investors? First of all, the Bitcoin system is not controlled by anyone. One central authority cannot make policies to change the value of Bitcoins. The fixed amount of Bitcoins also means they cannot lose value through inflation , as all forms of paper money have done over time. In addition, accounts in the Bitcoin system are anonymous and transparent. Users can set up an account easily and track every Bitcoin. All of these features seem to make Bitcoins immune from loss, but that is not entirely true. "The value of Bitcoins can vary wildly as no central government makes the price of them steady. If the value drops suddenly, investors cannot get any compensation ," Zhao Qingming, a senior researcher at China Construction Bank, told China Economic Weekly. And Bitcoins, unlike company shares, are not backed by any tangible funds, which also adds to their risk. While China will not recognize the digital currency anytime soon, Xinhua said, lawmakers and officials at a hearing on Nov. 18 in the US made positive comments about Bitcoin. Ben Bernanke, outgoing chairman of the Federal Reserve, told the Washington Post that "these types of creations, such as Bitcoin... may hold long-term promise, particularly if its system promotes a faster, more secure and more efficient payment system." What is the disadvantage of Bitcoin?
|
[
"the value of it can rise and fall wildly.",
"It cannot lose value through inflation.",
"Every bitcoin in your account can be followed.",
"It can even be used at some specific restaurants and hotels."
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We all want to be healthy. You know food is very important . There is lots of healthy food . You can have more bananas, apples, oranges, tomatoes and carrots. Fruits and vegetables are good for you . Healthy food can make you strong and happy. Remember there is a saying , " An apple a day keeps the doctor away." Sports can also make you healthy . Do some sports and eat healthy food every day and you will be healthy and happy . _ can also keep people healthy and happy .
|
[
"Playing computer",
"Doing sports",
"Watching TV",
"Buying fruits"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a pair of goggles?
|
[
"4 pounds",
"4 tons",
"4 ounces"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
While I was running slowly one morning, I saw my friend's father sitting alone on the roadside bench. So I crossed the road to wish him a good morning. As I came over to him, he was very happy to see me. He said it was nice of me to come and chat with him. Then he said to me in a low and sad voice: "At this stage of my life, it feels very lonely here. Anybody sharing a few heartfelt moments would mean a lot to me. " I was completely shocked by what he said, and I wondered: What could be that little thing that I can do to make his life different? I knew he was a painter, so I started to ask him about his latest painting experiences. Painting is a passionate topic for him, and he started to talk with me about it. I asked him, "Can you teach me to paint?" He was surprised at first and then agreed instantly. Now, every other day, I go to learn how to paint from him. We paint a lot and talk a lot. He says he feels better, and he waits for me. I say I feel better. After all, I am the one getting so much wisdom from a man who is nearing the horizon of his life with so much experience! The old man felt _ at the sight of the writer.
|
[
"pleased",
"strange",
"shocked",
"surprised"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States. The institute stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. MIT's early emphasis on applied technology at the undergraduate and graduate levels led to close cooperation with industry. Curricular reforms under Karl Compton and Vannevar Bush in the 1930s emphasized basic science. MIT was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1934. Today, the institute comprises various academic departments with a strong emphasis on scientific, engineering, and technological education and research. MIT is one of the most selective higher learning institutions, and received 18,357 undergraduate applicants for the class of 2018 -- only admitting 1,419, an acceptance rate of 7.73%. MIT's 168-acre campus spans approximately a mile of the north side of the Charles River basin in the city of Cambridge. The campus is divided roughly in half by Massachusetts Avenue, with most dormitories and student life facilities to the west and most academic buildings to the east. MIT's on-campus nuclear reactor is one of the most powerful university-based nuclear reactors in the United States. In 1999 Bill Gates donated $20 million to MIT for the construction of computer laboratory named the "William H. Gates Building". While Microsoft had previously given financial support to the institution, this was the first personal donation received from Gates. Other notable campus facilities include a pressurized wind tunnel and a towing tank for testing ship and ocean structure designs. If there are 30,000 undergraduates applying for admission to MIT, only about _ of them will succeed.
|
[
"1,319",
"2,319",
"3,319",
"4,319"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In America, when people say "man's best friend", they don't mean another person. Instead, they are talking about a lovely animal:A dog! These words show the friendship between people and animals. Dogs and other pets can give happiness to people's lives. Some people think of their pets as their children. A few even leave all their money to their pets when they die! Animals can help people, too. Dogs can be taught to become the "eyes"for a blind person or "ears"for a deaf people. Scientists have found that pets help people live longer! They make people happier, too. Because of that, animals are brought into hospitals for "visit". Americans hold "Be---Kind-to-Animals Week"in the first week of May. Pets shows are held during the week. Even if you don't live in America, you, too, can do this. How? First, think about how animals make your life richer. If you have a pet, take more time this week to play with it. Remember to give it delicious food. Also, be sure to keep your pet from those unwanted babies. If you don't have a pet, be kind to animals around you. For example, if you see a street dog, don't kick it or throw things at it. Instead, just leave it alone, or beter yet, make friends with it. If others around you do bad things to an animal, try to shop them. As people, we must protect animals who can't speak for themselves. Why are dogs brought to hospitals?
|
[
"Because they are ill and need to see doctors.",
"Because they can make the patients happier.",
"Because they can find out the problems of the patients.",
"Because doctors can do experiments on them."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
San Russell is not your average baseball fan. He is a die-hard Boston Red Sox fan. He has a season ticket and he arranges his work schedule so he does not miss a game. San also attends game dressed in their uniform, and his car is red. He has even lost some friends by choosing to watch the Red Sox instead of going to their weddings. Is this healthy behavior? Although Russell's case is extreme, being a sports fan can be healthy for you. According to a study at the University of Kansan in the USA, sports fans suffer from depression less than people who are not interested in sports, fans also experience other effects from watching their team play. When their team wins a game, their own confidence and happiness increase, just like the athletes. Losing, on the other hand, always leads to some sense of disappointment. What about die-hard fans whose team always loses? The team spirit keeps those fans from losing hope. Knowing that other fans are probably feeling the same way also helps them. In addition, there is always the hope that their team will win the next game. Russell has lost some friends because of his love for baseball and although you may think that would make him unhappy, he has made many more new friends because of his team spirit. For Sam Russell, supporting the Red Sox is not just a hobby; it is a way of life and the secret of his happiness. Russell feels disappointed and sad when _ .
|
[
"his team loses the game",
"he has less friends",
"he can't go to friends' weddings",
"he has no hope for his team"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is an adult great white shark?
|
[
"5 kilometers",
"5 meters",
"5 millimeters",
"5 centimeters"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Polluted airborne particles kill 7 million people a year, reports the World Health Organization. That news may not come as a surprise to anyone who has seen images of chimneys in Beijing, Delhi or Mexico. But those factories-or even the jammed roadways of modern cities-are not the biggest killer. Each year, some 4.3 million people die earlier than they should because of polluted air inside their homes, says the WHO. What's causing the air inside people's homes to be so poisonous that it kills around 11,000 people a day? Stoves. "Having an open fire in your kitchen is like burning 400 cigarettes an hour." says Kirk Smith, a professor at the University of California at Berkeley, whose research suggests that household air pollution from cooking killed between 3.5 million and 4 million people in 2013. Not all stoves cause this kind of harm. The ones Smith's talking about are those that the 3 billion people in the developing world use for heat and cooking, which burn solid fuels such as wood, coal, or crop waste instead of gas. The smoke from those fires produces harmful fine particles and carbon monoxide into homes. Poor _ then prevents that smoke from escaping, raising fine particle levels 100 times higher than the limits that the WHO considers acceptable. Breathing this air day in day out eventually causes a lot of diseases: more than a third of the 4.3 million die of a stroke, while a quarter die of heart disease. And around one-third of annual lung disease deaths worldwide are due to waste from coal stoves. Exposure tends to be extremely harmful for the people who spend the most time around the fire-usually women and young children. In fact, the WHO reports that household air pollution almost doubles the risk for childhood lung disease. What should be the deadly killer in a household kitchen?
|
[
"Solid fuels.",
"Coal stoves.",
"Poor gas.",
"Cooking smoke."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
a copper statue turning green
firing a clay pot in a hot kiln
|
[
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A duck's feathers are covered with a natural oil that keeps the duck dry. This is a special feature ducks have that helps them
|
[
"feed their young",
"adapt to their environment",
"attract a mate",
"search for food"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
The meal you eat after exercising matters! No matter what time of day you exercise, the key is to follow the exercise up with meals that supply enough nutrition . For the best results, eat within 30 to 60 minutes after exercising, when the muscles are at the best time to take in nutrients. Here are some ideas for meals after exercising. Home-made sports-recovery drink Mix banana, milk, and yogurt to make a fresh and satisfying sports-recovery drink. Dairy products like milk and yogurt work double duty, providing both protein and carbohydrates . A cup of coffee, on the other hand, is a poor choice. Protein-packed sandwich You can't go wrong with a sandwich after exercising --it's got everything in a hand-held package. Sandwiches provide the salt you need to replace what you lost by sweating , while the tomatoes in them supply plenty of Vitamin C. Try using whole-wheat bread to give yourself more fiber. The cheese and fresh vegetables in sandwiches are also great for helping tired muscles recover. Power breakfast An egg sandwich is a perfect post-exercise breakfast. There's protein in both the yolk and the white of the egg. This recipe increases your protein intake while keeping calories and fat under control. Eggs also contain zinc , which helps protect against disease. Plant-based protein Beans are an amazing source of plant-based protein and carbohydrates. Make a large bowl of bean salad in the beginning of a week, and you'll have a great post-exercise meal that's ready whenever you need it. What is the passage mainly about?
|
[
"The healthy eating habits of athletes",
"The best time for exercising.",
"How to warm up before exercising.",
"What to eat after exercising."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It takes approximately 365 days for
|
[
"the Sun to orbit around Earth.",
"the Moon to orbit around Earth.",
"Earth to orbit around the Sun.",
"Earth to orbit around the Moon."
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Use the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.
|
[
"Stinging nettle slug caterpillars are covered in sharp spines that protect them from predators. These caterpillars get the energy they need to live by eating leaves.",
"Aloe ferox plants have thick, spiny leaves and red flowers. These plants make sugars from carbon dioxide and water. The plants get the energy they need to live from these sugars."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
People who averaged fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being exposed to the cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found. Researchers used frequent telephone interviews to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the last few weeks. Then they exposed the _ to the virus, quarantined them for five days and kept track of who got sick. Besides sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure known as "sleep efficiency"--the percentage of time in bed that you're actually sleeping--were also less likely to get sick. The results held true even after researchers adjusted for elements such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the virus. The researchers aren't exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold. But they do try to give an answer: "Sleep disturbance influences the regulation of symptom mediators that are released in response to infection." In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you're infected with the cold virus contributes to the symptoms that define a cold. The researchers were based at Carnegie Mellon, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia, and the study was funded by the National Institutes of Health. It is shown in the passage that _ .
|
[
"the researchers obtain information about the sleep habits by frequent interviews",
"the researchers do their research in the National Institutes of Health",
"people hope to avoid being infected with a cold by sleeping as much as possible",
"sleeping more and better helps regulate the symptom mediators"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Pressure is quite high in spaces such as
|
[
"the floor of a sea",
"the bottom of a house",
"the bottom of a mountain",
"the bottom of a river"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dolphins are our friends. They can use tools to solve problems although they don't have hands. For example, scientists have ever found that a dolphin can make a shy eel come out of its hole with a dead fish. Dolphins use different sounds to exchange information with each other. Scientists in Hawaii have developed a sign language to give instructions to dolphins, and the results are amazing. They find that dolphins not only understand the meaning of individual words, but also understand the importance of word order in a sentence. Most animals enjoy playing -- but dolphins seem to like making their games as challenging as possible. On a beautiful day in 1997, scientists at a beach watched a little dog going into the sea and swimming towards the dolphins. To their surprise, the dolphins came up to the dog and then started throwing it into the air. The dog seemed to enjoy the "game" and continued playing with the dolphins for more than an hour. Dolphins live in a very different world from ours, but they are very good at our "IQ tests" . For example, they will jump out of the water when they hear a whistle noise. They do this because they will get a fish as a prize. There is still much to learn about these cute problem-solvers, but it is certain that watching a dolphin show is fun. ,. (5) Where did the dolphins throw the dog when playing?
|
[
"Onto its back.",
"Into the air.",
"Onto the beach.",
"Into the water."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When two Bangs meet Sheldon Cooper is a scientific genius on the popular American TV show, The Big Bang Theory (<<>> ). He finally met his match last year: Stephen Hawking. This is not the first time that the scientist has appeared on TV. He has also been on Star Trek (in 1987) and The Simpsons (in 1989). Each time, he played himself. Hawking, 71, is perhaps the world's most famous scientist after Albert Einstein. He has spent his whole life studying the beginning and the end of the universe, including the Big Bang theory. The Big Bang theory explains the early development of the universe. According to the theory, about 13.7 billion years ago everything was all squeezed together in a tiny, tight little ball, and then the ball exploded. The results of that explosion are what we call the universe. Hawking has always tried to make science more popular with people. His book: A Brief History of Time was published in 1988. In the book he shares his understanding of the universe in simple language. The book tries to explain many subjects about the universe to common readers, including the Big Bang, black holes and light cones . Hawking's achievements are even greater if you think about his disability. When he was 21, Hawking caught a bad illness that slowly stopped him from moving or talking. Now he sits on a wheelchair with a computer by his side. To communicate, he moves two fingers to control the computer's mouse. He chooses his words from the screen, which are then spoken by a voice synthesizer . Hawking also believes that there might be aliens in space. However, he believes they are probably very dangerous, so we should not look for them. "I imagine they might exist in very big ships ... having used up all the resources from their home planet," Hawking said in a British documentary named Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking. The Big Bang theory mainly explains _ .
|
[
"how the universe started",
"what the universe is like",
"how old the universe is",
"how the universe exploded"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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