question
stringlengths 4
6.54k
| choices
listlengths 2
5
| answer
class label 4
classes | subject
stringclasses 32
values | dataset
stringclasses 4
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
A foot uses force on spheres in
|
[
"baseball",
"kickball",
"golf",
"hockey"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Findings from a new study were presented at a recent meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society. Researchers in the United States studied 100,000 women during an eight-year period, beginning in 1994. All of the women were fifty or older. The study was part of the Women's Health Initiative organized by the National Institutes of Health. The women were asked questions measuring their beliefs or ideas about the future. The researchers attempted to identify each woman's personality eight years after gathering the information. The study found that hopeful individuals were 14% less likely than other woman to have died from any cause. The hopeful women were also 30 less likely to have died from heart disease after the eight years, Hilary Tinkle from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania was the lead author of the report. She said the study confirmed earlier research that linked optimistic feelings to longer life. The researchers also gathered information about people's education, financial earnings, physical activity and use of alcohol or cigarettes. Independent of those things, the findings still showed that optimists had less of a chance of dying during the eight-year period. Some women who answered the questions were found to be hostile , or highly untrusting of others. These women were 16% more likely to die than the others. They also were 23% more likely to die of cancer. The study also found women who were not optimistic were more likely to smoke and have high blood pressure or diabetes. They were also more likely mot to exercise. Tindle says the study did not confirm whether optimism leads to healthier choices, or if it actually affects a person's physical health. She also says the study does not prove that negative emotions or distrust lead to bad health effects and shorter life. Yet there does appear to be a link that calls for more research. In which part of a newspaper can you read the above passage?
|
[
"Nation.",
"Opinion.",
"Business.",
"Science."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Last week a study of one hundred ninety-nine countries confirmed what many people may have already noticed. People around the world are getting fatter. The study found that obesity has almost doubled since 1980. Majid Ezzati, who led the research team, says the results show that obesity, high blood pressure and high blood pressure are no longer just found in wealthy nations. These are now worldwide problems. The study appeared shows that in 2008, almost ten percent of men were obese. That was up from about five percent in 1980. That same year, almost eight percent of women were obese. By 2008, the rate of obesity among women was almost fourteen percent. Obesity is commonly measured by body mass index , or BMI. This is a measure of a person's weight in relation to height. A person with a BMI of twenty-five to twenty-nine is considered overweight. The World Health Organization defines obesity as a body mass index of thirty or more. Pacific island nations have an average BMI of around thirty-five -- the highest in the world. But the study found that the United States had the single highest average among wealthy countries. Men and women had an average BMI of over twenty-eight. New Zealand was next. Japan had the lowest, at about twenty-two for women and twenty-four for men. The report had some good news, however, about high blood pressure. The percentage of people with this major cause of heart attacks and strokes has fallen since 1980. Dr. Ezzati credits improved testing and treatment in wealthy countries. He says a decrease in the use of salt and unhealthful fats probably also helped. In the United States, new guidelines urge Americans to reduce salt, sugar and fatty meats and to eat more fish and whole grains. People are being urged to choose water over sugared drinks and to eat more fruits and vegetables. But whatever they eat, Americans are being urged to follow new advice from the government: eat less. According to the passage, which country has the lowest BMI among wealthy countries?
|
[
"America.",
"Japan",
"New Zealand.",
"Australia."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Snails growing shells is a ().
|
[
"physical change",
"chemical change"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Have you ever heard your own voice? "Of course," you say. Has anyone else ever heard your voice? Again you say, "Of course."But that's not quite true. Nobody else has ever heard your voice--the way you hear it. When you talk, you set up sound waves . The air outside your head carries the sound waves to your outer ears. But, of course, the sound of your voice begins inside your head. The bones of your head pick up the sound waves, too. They carry the sound waves straight to your inner ears. You get the sound from the outside and the inside too. Other people get just the sound waves from the outside. That's why they don't hear your voice the way you do. The passage is mainly about _ .
|
[
"waves in the air",
"the way you hear your own voice",
"voice gets around far and wide",
"the different ways you and others hear your voice"
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
There are usually more days with low air pressure than high air pressure where Martha lives.
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Farmers can produce more by planting several different crops in the same field.But their success depends on which crops they plant together and how they mix them in the filed.In the past, the only way the farmers could learn which crops grow best together is to plant them and wait for the results.Now, however, a computer can give them answers.A new computer program written by Dr John Vanderwell of Michigan University can tell a farmer which plants grow well together and which do not.It can tell him how to plant the different crops; if he should plant each in a separate row, or mix the crops in the same row.It can tell the farmer how changes in planting each of the crops will affect the production of all of them.And it can tell him which plants can help reduce losses from diseases. Which of the following best gives the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Computer helps find the best program for mixing plants.",
"Computer helps produce more crops.",
"Computer helps protect against insects and diseases.",
"Computer helps grow different plants."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Spending beyond one's means is becoming a national problem for Americans.Borrowing has become so easy that it takes great willpower for people to refuse it."I received a number of gold MasterCard and gold Visa card offers in the mail during the past two months,"said one computer engineer at AT &T Bell Laboratories in Chicago."I got three of them in one day last week." Lenders are providing easy credit for borrowers.Many banks now offer every borrower a great variety of credit,a service once offered almost only to big companies.Norwest Bank Minneapolis offers lending programs for cars and boats that can cut monthly payments nearly m half .Carmakers,too,are lengthening easier terms.Ford Motor Credit states that 45 % of its recent lendings has been for sixty months,rather than the sixty-six-month period that was usual before. The total consumer debt in the United States rose 73 percent between 1974 and 1984,as the debt for each man,woman,and child increased from $10,264 to $26,566.Huge debt now is present in our economy at all levels.As a nation,we are more than $7 trillion in debt,and the total keeps increasing astonishingly. As we have over borrowed,so have we overspent.In late 986,the share of after-tax income that Americans saved sank below 2 percent for a short time,less than half the figure at which we saved only 10 years ago.Americans now are buying from foreigners between about $50 and $100 billion more Mercedes and Toyotas, Paris fashions,and tours to Europe than the Boeing 747s, agriculture machinery , or Kansas wheat that the foreigners bought from America. The country could not produce and pay for all the things it wanted. To make a long story short, we Americans have serious problems in keeping down spending and keeping up personal savings.It is high time for us American people to learn the basics of long-term money management. What does the author suggest as a way to deal with over borrowing?
|
[
"Teaching people how to manage money.",
"Advising people on what to buy.",
"Limiting the use of credit cards.",
"Reducing average incomes."
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As a boy,Tim was much influenced by books about the sea, but in fact by the age of fifteen he had decided to become a doctor rather than a sailor. His father was a dentist and as a result Tim had the opportunity of meeting many doctors either at home or elsewhere. When he was fourteen he was already hanging around the clinic of a local doctor where he was supposed to be helping to wrap up medicine bottles,but was actually trying to listen to the conversations taking place between the doctor and his patients in the next room. During the war Tim served in the Navy as a surgeon ."That was the happiest time of my life. I was dealing with very real suffering and on the whole making a success of it ."In California he taught the country people simple facts about medicine. He saw himself as a life-saver. He had proved his skills to himself and his ability to take decisions. Thus,while he was able to tell them what to do, he could feel he was serving them. After the war, he got married and chose to be a doctor in the countryside,working under an old doctor who was popular in the area,but who hated the sight of blood and believed that the secret of medicine was faith. This gave the younger man many opportunities to go on working as a life -saver. The passage is mainly about_.
|
[
"Tim's life story",
"Tim's dream",
"Tim's marriage",
"Tim' s patients"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
At the age of 95, Olga Kotelko attracted great attention at the World Masters Athletics Championships. This 5ft-tall Canadian became the oldest recorded woman indoor runner, high jumper and long jumper at the competition. Olga now has more than 30 world records to her name and has won more than 750 gold medals. But she sees herself as nothing special, describing herself as just a plain Jane. As one of 11 children brought up on a farm, she has always been active, milking cows and doing other housework. She has now outlived all her brothers and sisters and most of her friends but when asked what her secret is, she says there isn't one. "I think your age is just a number. It's not your birthday; it's how you age that makes the difference. It's your attitude to all the things that happen in your life that plays the biggest part." So can we all turn ourselves into nonagenarian superheroes? Research from Newcastle University suggests that as every 24 hours pass, we add an extra five hours to our lives -- that's over 2 months each year--partly because of improving living conditions and medical development. And in the UK the number of people who are living into their 100th year has nearly increased by four times since the 1980s. So ageing is not a terrible thing. While Olga's genes might help her, we're not all prisoners to our own. After all, 75% of our later lives could be down to the lifestyle we choose to lead. A good diet and regular exercise are key. Besides, developing friendships in mid-life also works. Dr Holland, director of Aston University's research centre for healthy ageing, says: "The more friends you have when you're 50-60 years old, the less likely you're to be lonely in later life; the less lonely you are, the less likely you're to be ill as the years go by." Olga Kotelko was well-known at the World Masters Athletics Championships because _ .
|
[
"she was the oldest sportswoman there",
"she competed in several events",
"she set a new world record",
"she won a gold there"
] | 0A
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Kiss crisis, hug horrors and the UK's handshake headaches Greeting someone, saying goodbye - these situations fill me with unease. You have a second to make a dangerous decision. One peck ? Two pecks? Three? No kisses at all? Why, I think, as I crash into the other person's face, why can't it be as simple as a handshake? A survey by the soap company Radox in May showed one in five Brits now feels a handshake is "too formal", according to the Daily Mail. Some 42 percent said they never shook hands when greeting friends. For one third of people the alternative was a hug, for 16 percent a kiss on the cheek. British people are known to be reserved - unfriendly, some would say. Handshakes used to work for us because we didn't have to get too close. But the super-British handshake is no longer fashionable. We want to be more like our easygoing Mediterranean neighbors who greet each other with kisses and hugs. The trouble is, we still find it a bit awkward. What does a married man do when greeting a married female friend, for example? How should someone younger greet someone older? Guys don't tend to kiss one another; my male friends in Britain go for the "manly hug", taking each other stiffly in one arm and giving a few thumps on the back with words like "Take it easy, yeah?". The biggest questions, if you do decide to kiss, are how many times and which cheek first. Unlike the French, who comfortably deliver three, our cheek-pecks usually end in embarrassed giggling : "Oh, gosh, sorry, I didn't mean to kiss you on the lips, I never know where to aim for first!" But then it's never been easy for us poor, uncomfortable Brits. Even the handshake had its problems: don't shake too hard, but don't hold the other person's hand too limply either, and definitely don't go in with sweaty hands. Maybe it's better to leave it at a smile and a nod. What is the article mainly about?
|
[
"Origin of the traditional British way of greeting someone.",
"New trends and problems that Brits have with the way they greet people.",
"Why the author feels uneasy when greeting someone or saying goodbye.",
"Differences in greetings between Britain and other Western countries."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The moon is bright in the night sky, especially when full because
|
[
"Earth shines",
"stars absorb it",
"sunlight brightens it",
"batteries power it"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this fruit fly's phenotype for the eye color trait?
|
[
"ee",
"brown eyes"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Many people think it is safe to use a cell phone while they are driving. Yet Scores of studies suggest that real multitaskers - those who can carry out multiple tasks equally well, make up just 2 per cent of the population. More surprisingly, the so-called "supertaskers" actually have differently structured brains to the other 98 percent. The brain areas that make supertaskers differ from the rest of the population are the same parts that are most different between humans and nonhuman primates , according to David Strayer, director of the applied cognition lab at the University of Utah. Scientists are unsure of the reason why some brains are different. In fact, we could all benefit from doing just one task at once. In most of us, scientists have located a "bottleneck in the brain" that may explain why we find it hard to do two things at once. The problem appears to be caused by a logjam of nerve messages. Faced with two almost simultaneous tasks less than 300 milliseconds apart, the brain's ability to deal with the second one slows down. The neural response to the second task was postponed until the response to the first was completed. This means that with e-mails, phone calls, text messages and online social media all competing for our attention, often against a background of television, radio or music, our brains can reach information overload. Scientists made the discovery after scanning the brains of volunteers attempting to multitask on a computer. The task was deliberately designed to involve the use of different senses and _ responses. Dr Rene Marois, one of the neuroscientists who carried out the experiment at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, said: "Our research offers neurological evidence that the brain cannot effectively do two things at once." The next step, the neuroscientists say, is finding out "why these areas cannot process two tasks at once." If we _ , our brains may reach information overload.
|
[
"serf the Internet after listening to music",
"use a cell phone against a background of television",
"complete all kinds of tasks within the same day",
"have lots of tasks queuing for responses"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People who eat chocolate regularly tend to be thinner, new research suggests. The findings come from a study of nearly 1,000 US people that looked at diet, calorie intake and body mass index(BMI)----a measure of obesity. It found those who ate chocolate a few times a week were, on average, slimmer than those who ate it occasionally. Even though chocolate is loaded with calories, it contains ingredients that may favour weight loss rather than fat synthesis , scientists believe. Despite boosting calorie intake, regular chocolate consumption was related to lower BMI in the study. The link remained even when other factors, like how much exercise individuals did, were taken into account. And it appears it is how often you eat chocolate that is important, rather than how much of it you eat. The study found no link with quantity consumed. Lead author Dr. Beatrice Golomb, from the University of California at San Diego, said, "Our findings appear to add to a body of information suggesting that the composition of calories, not just the number of them, matters for determining their ultimate impact on weight." This is not the first time scientists have suggested that chocolate may be healthy for us. Other studies have claimed chocolate may be good for the heart. Consumption of certain types of chocolate has been linked to some favourable changes in blood pressure and insulin sensitivity. And chocolate does contain antioxidants which can help to absorb free radicals----unstable chemicals that can damage our cells. Mice fed for 15 days with epicatechin (present in chocolate) had improved exercise performance and observable changes to their muscle composition. They say clinical trials are now needed in humans to see if this is the case. But before you reach for a chocolate bar, there are still lots of unanswered questions. And in the absence of conclusive evidence, experts advise caution. While there's no harm in allowing yourself a treat like chocolate now and then, eating too much might be harmful because it often contains a lot of sugar and fat too. What is the experts' attitude towards eating chocolate in a chocolate bar?
|
[
"Cautious.",
"Supportive.",
"Unclear.",
"Opposed."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A science fiction flying car looks like a normal car, but it is an aircraft that anybody can fly directly from any place to another without using roads or runways. Science fiction writers have written about flying cars for a long time. But now flying cars will soon fly out of the world of science fiction into our real world. And the dream of the science fiction writers will soon come true. The first-known sky car is the FSC-1. The FSC-1 looks like an expensive sports car. You can drive the FSC-1 on the road like a normal car. If you touch a button, its wings and propeller fold out and then it can take off, fly and land as an airplane. The owners of the FSC-1 can choose if they want to drive or fly. Another flying car or sky car is the Moller Skycar M400. Although you can't drive it on the roads, it is small and easy to fly and can take off and land like a helicopter . Urban Aeronautics' X-Hawk is another type of sky car. It is expected to be available for about $3 million. Just like any new technology, flying cars have taken a long time to be developed. But some experts think the technology is far from what people imagine when they are sitting in traffic. It still needs to be improved. _ kinds of flying cars are mentioned in the passage.
|
[
"Two",
"Three",
"Four",
"Five"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everyone knows what a needle is. Of course there are needles and needles. Needles for sewing machines, needles for injection , you name it. But few people think of the wonder a needle works in the hands of those who practice acupuncture . During the past ten years or so, I have been suffering from terrible headache. It seems to be getting from bad to worse these days . Last night I got a sudden pain in my head. It was so terrible that I could hardly bear it. Although I swallowed all kinds of pain-killers, I didn't feel any better, It seemed that there was nothing I could do but phone for a doctor. One of our neighbors happened to be with us. He was not a doctor, but he timidly offered his help, saying "Do you mind if I tried acupuncture on you? These needles may possibly do you some good." I agreed. In a moment, he had taken out a few needles from his purse. Without a moment's delay, he fixed a few needles into the skin on my head here and there, Before long, I felt thoroughly relieved. Just then, the doctor sped through my house and said, "Where is our patient?" "Sorry, Doctor, You are too late, It's killed!" I answered in delight. It's a miracle , isn't it? The passage tells us that .
|
[
"everyone knows that acupuncture is a miracle",
"the neighbor wanted to use acupuncture on every patient",
"the effect of acupuncture on the man was unbelievable",
"the patient did not believe in acupuncture"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe---life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way. As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist. Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it. Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify. Finally, life could evolve only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away. If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life? First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out. This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
|
[
"The planet must be as big and heavy as the earth.",
"Proper conditions are essential to the existence of life.",
"Double stars can provide steady light and heat.",
"The distance between a planet and its sun should be right."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which would feel hotter?
|
[
"a stove on the fingertips",
"a stove on the butt",
"a fridge on the butt",
"a fridge on the fingertips"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which process causes the leaves of a plant to become larger?
|
[
"repair",
"growth",
"decomposition",
"germination"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mice, rabbits, bobcats, and squirrels all live in a brush ecosystem. Which animal would have the most difficult time surviving if the population of the other three animals continued to decrease?
|
[
"mouse",
"squirrel",
"bobcat",
"rabbit"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Scientists estimate that Maryland contains more than 850 million tons of coal. Coal is most commonly used to produce ___.
|
[
"electricity",
"medicine",
"metals",
"water"
] | 0A
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A sugar cube in vinegar will
|
[
"disappear",
"explode",
"start to fly",
"become hard"
] | 0A
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Across the United States, universities and colleges have been looking to become more sustainable and more than 600 schools have already planned to become eco-friendly. The EcoDorm, home to 36 students at Warren Wilson College in Swannanoa, was designed to be sustainable from top to bottom, or in this case, from its rainwater-collection system to its garden. The dormitory is bringing new meaning to the concept of living "green" at college. At Warren Wilson College, a biological science school with fewer than 1,000 students, the sustainability drive came from the student body. The EcoDorm concept was presented ten years ago by two students; a planning committee firstly suggested using building materials like corncob. Although the architects disagreed with the idea, they came up with other creative solutions: Wood siding was taken from the trees grown in the school yard that were suffering from a disease, and rainwater was collected in an old railway car and pumped back into the house to clean the toilets. All in all, the dorm uses nearly two-thirds less electricity than a similar-sized traditional building world. But even the most sustainable homes need continued efforts from its livers. And in the case of EcoDorm, students live by their words. Most also take advantage of the dorm's bio-garden, planting and harvesting fruits and vegetables. "I didn't have to worry about paper towels being wasted or feel bad about drying my clothes outside," Jeremy Lekich, the dorm's gardener, said. "Basically, it has made my life easier." What is the advantage of the EcoDorm?
|
[
"It helps students to enjoy life at college.",
"It saves a lot of money and energy for the college.",
"It makes students study harder.",
"It brings new energy to the college."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A metal sample is placed into a beaker of boiling water. After two minutes the metal is removed. After 5 minutes the metal can be picked up by hand but the water is still too hot to touch. Which of these matter and energy interactions is being illustrated?
|
[
"water has a low specific heat",
"metals have low specific heat",
"glass from the beaker is a good insulator",
"water loses its heat energy quickly to the air"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Elizabeth Blackwell was born on February 3, 1821 in Bristol, England. Her father was a rich sugar businessman at the time. Because her parents thought boys and girls should be equal, Elizabeth received the same education as her brothers. In 1832, her father's business was destroyed by fire, so her family moved to New York City. But her father's business there failed. Then in 1837, the family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. Not long after, her father died. After her father's death, Elizabeth, at the age of 16, had to go to work. When she was 24, she visited her dying friend Mary. Her friend said, "You're young and strong, you should become a doctor." That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. But she knew this was what she was going to do. After several rejections from medical schools, she finally was accepted by Geneva Medical College. By studying hard, she graduated successfully in 1849. After graduating from medical school, she went to Paris to learn more about medicine. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea. When she returned to America in 1851, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. In 1857, Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides, she also set up the first medical school for women in 1868, where she taught the women students about disease prevention. It was the first time that the idea of preventing disease was taught in a medical school. Elizabeth Blackwell started the British National Health Society in 1871, which helped people learn how to stay healthy. In 1889, Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman doctor in the United States. Most importantly, she fought for the admission of women to medical colleges. Elizabeth Blackwell died on May 3, 1910, when she was 89.She opened a world of chances for women. She always fought for what was right in all her life. In 1949 the Blackwell medal was established. It's given to women who have excellent achievements in the field of medicine. She'll always be remembered as a great woman. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Elizabeth Blackwell?
|
[
"She built the first hospital for women and children with others.",
"She became the first woman doctor in the U.S.",
"She set up the first medical school for women in the world.",
"She built a medal for women with excellent achievements in medicine."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
No quick change I would be the first to say that I am not materialistic. My friends regard me as a goody-goody . My parents say I am conservative and modest when it comes to clothes. I don't wear bikinis, and none of my skirts or shorts end above my knees. That is my choice. So why, why did I decide to buy that skirt? My family and I were in Target, and there it was, waiting - a skirt specifically designed not to cover anything. It was light brown and looked like something one of those anime schoolgirls would wear. I checked my purse. The skirt cost $10. I had the money. I could buy it. I imagined walking into school and my pals' jaws dropping. Guys would ask me out, and I would be happy. I could buy it - no, I should buy it. I showed my mother. She was surprised but said it was my decision. My sister looked on jealously. I went into the dressing room to try it on. I was so sure that this skirt would change me, somehow make me not what I am but what I wished to be. I slid my jeans off and put it on. Now for the decisive moment. I looked in the mirror. There I was - a girl in a Superman T-shirt and sneakers who didn't know how to make friends with others. Of course, the skirt had not changed me. It fit me well; that wasn't the problem. It might make me look good in the eyes of today's world. But it simply was not me. I am not a girl who wears cool clothes to fit in. My glasses fogged up as I started to cry. I took the thing off and went back into the comfort and safety of modesty. My mom knocked on the door. "Emily, are you okay?" I wiped away my tears. "I'm fine." I looked in the mirror again and saw a blond skinny girl with thick glasses and a ponytail . I saw myself. Why did the author cry when she put on the new skirt?
|
[
"The skirt didn't fit her well. ks5u",
"She was horrified at how easily she changed.",
"She was disappointed that she lost her own style in the new skirt.",
"She didn't like the feeling of wearing the new skirt."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Healthy eating doesn't just mean what you eat, but how you eat. Here is some advice on healthy eating. Eat with others. It can help you to see others' healthy eating habits. If you usually eat with your parents, you will find that the food you eat is more delicious. Listen to your body. Ask yourself if you are really hungry. Have a glass of water to see if you are thirsty, sometimes you are just thirsty, you need no food. Stop eating before you feel full. Eat breakfast. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. After you don't eat for the past ten hours, your body needs food to get you going. You will be smarter after eating breakfast. Eat healthy snacks like fruit, yogurt or cheese. We all need snacks sometimes. In fact, it's a good idea to eat two healthy snacks between your three meals. This doesn't mean that you can eat a bag of chips instead of a meal. Don't eat dinner late. With our busy life, we always put off eating dinner until the last minute. Try to eat dinner at least 3 hours before you go to bed. This will give your body a chance to _ most of the food before you rest for the next 8-10 hours. How many pieces of advice does the writer give us on healthy eating?
|
[
"4.",
"5.",
"6.",
"7."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Ten years ago I used to be very fit . I rode a bike to work and I got a lot of exercise at weekends. I used to play tennis a lot and go for long walks. In those days I didn't earn very much. I had a job in an office. It wasn't a very good job but I had a lot of time to do the things I enjoyed doing. Then, about eight years ago, I got a much better job. The pay was better, but the hours were a lot longer. I bought a car and drove to work every day. I began to take people out to lunch. And I began to put on weight, too. I stopped playing tennis and going for long walks at weekends because I just didn't have any time for things like that any more. There's a lot of stress in my job. Perhaps that's why I started drinking more than I used to. For example, I used to have only half a glass of whisky when I got home, but then I started filling my glass to the top, and instead of having one glass, I would have several. I started smoking a lot, too. I never used to smoke at all. Two months ago I had a heart attack. At first I just couldn't believe it. Luckily it wasn't very serious. The doctor advised me to stop smoking and to eat less. He also advised me to work less and get more exercise. But I just haven't any time! My job takes everything out of me! Sometimes I wonder if I should get another job. Perhaps I could do something like I used to do. But if I do that, I won't earn as much. I have a family to support. I have to think of them, too. I just don't know what I should do. What do you think? After the author had a heart attack, the doctor advised him _ .
|
[
"not to work any longer",
"to take a long vacation abroad",
"to stop smoking and take exercise",
"not to eat out any more"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of three geese. Which goose was moving at the lowest speed?
|
[
"a goose that moved 780miles west in 10hours",
"a goose that moved 805miles south in 10hours",
"a goose that moved 700miles south in 10hours"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A simple food chain includes hawks, lizards, and insects. Which will most likely happen to the lizard and hawk populations if a pesticide is sprayed to kill the insects, and the lizard and hawk populations cannot find other food in this ecosystem?
|
[
"Both the lizard population and the hawk population will increase.",
"Both the lizard population and the hawk population will decrease.",
"The lizard population will increase, but the hawk population will decrease.",
"The lizard population will decrease, but the hawk population will increase."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
What will man be like in the future----in 5000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain's capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger. Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over very long period of time it is likely that man's eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life. But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald. Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own. Which of the following is true about a human being in the future?
|
[
"He thinks and feels in different way.",
"He has smaller eyes and wears better glasses.",
"He is hairless because hair is no longer useful.",
"His fingers grow weaker because he doesn't use them."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous scientists in this century. He was born in 1942. He's a world well-known on space and time. Stephen is researching some very big questions, such as: How did the universe begin? How will it end? Stephen was a student at Oxford University. He studied math and science. Then, at the age of twenty, he became sick. He was so young, but the doctors said to his family, "He has only two more years to live." As a matter of fact, the doctors were wrong---- he didn't die. He can't walk now but he uses a wheelchair . He can't feed himself and get in or out of bed himself. But he refused to give in to the condition. He talks with the help of a computer. After Oxford, Stephen went to Cambridge University. Three years later, in 1965, he became a doctor of philosophy . Because of his serious health problems, it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write. So he started to think in pictures. With this new way of thinking, he became one of the most famous scientists in the world. In 1991, he met the Pope in Rome. They talked about his ideas. Then in 1998, he wrote his first important book, A Brief History of Time. It sold more than 5.5 million copies in 33 different languages. He was once invited to China, he impressed us with his self-confidence, humorous and witty conversation. Which of the following is NOT true?
|
[
"Stephen is good at thinking.",
"Stephen cannot walk.",
"Stephen has had the answers to some very big questions.",
"Stephen had once studied math and science at Oxford University."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Spirogyra are green algae that can reproduce sexually. Which of the following features identifies reproduction in Spirogyra as sexual reproduction?
|
[
"The cells of parent algae have nuclei.",
"Each offspring contains chloroplasts.",
"Several offspring may be produced at once.",
"Genetic material is contributed by two parent cells."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
While studying the relationship between number of trees and amount of atmospheric oxygen, which of the following would be most important to take into account?
|
[
"contributions to atmospheric oxygen from sources other than trees",
"the ways in which industrialized nations use trees",
"the root area of trees",
"the bark mass of trees"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long does it take to make a sandwich?
|
[
"2 minutes",
"2 hours"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Like many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, not least because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car and Driver and Motor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the "Car of the Future". They featured unconventional styling and things like small nuclear reactors as power sources. Yet, frankly, my car doesn't do anything that my brother's Studebaker didn't do. It goes, it stops, it burns gasoline, it plays music. I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I don't steer it carefully. But guess what? All of these things are subject to change in the not-so-distant future. It will still go and stop, but it may not burn gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot better at not running into things. Airbags aren't the be-all and end-all in safety. In fact, considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed collisions ,they obviously still need some development. But they aren't going away, and in fact, you can expect to see cars appearing with additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer. Better than systems to minimize injury in the event of an accident, however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of an accident happening in the first place. Future cars may be able to eliminate many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, tailgating and sleepiness. Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detect alcohol in a driver's system and prevent the car from being started, for example. Many accidents are caused by people following the car in front too closely. As early as next year, you'll be able to buy cars with radar-equipped control systems. If the radar determines you're closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle . For city streets, expect other radar devices that will give advance warning that the car in front of you has slowed abruptly and you should step on the brakes-or that may even brake for you. Will cars eventually be able to drive themselves? There's no reason to think it won't be technically possible, and Mercedes is working on a system that can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicle down a highway on its own. Nobody really expects people to give up all control to their cars, but such systems could be used as failsafe systems to keep cars on the road and bring them safely to a stop even if the driver suddenly became disabled. Which of the following statements is true of airbags?
|
[
"They are in need of further improvement.",
"They are going to disappear gradually.",
"They kill people instead of protecting them in low-speed collisions.",
"They are a standard feature of European cars."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everyone wants to have a healthy heart. Still, heart diseases affect more than 1 in 3 adults in the United States. The good news is that some simple, everyday habits can make a big difference in your ability to live a healthy lifestyle. Here are some worst habits for your heart, and how to avoid them. Watching TV Sitting for hours on end increases your risk of heart attack and stroke ,"some exercise doesn't make up for the time you sit,"says Harmony R. Reynolds, Why? The lack of movement may affect blood levels of fats and sugars. Dr. Reynolds advises walking around regularly and, if you're at work, standing up to talk on the phone. Leaving hostility and depression unchecked Are you feeling stressed or sad? It can do harm to your heart. While everyone feels this way some of the time, how you handle these emotions can affect your heart health."Those with stress are in greater danger; research has shown a benefit to laughter and social support," Dr. Reynolds says. "And it's helpful to be able to go to someone and talk about your problems." Cutting off from the world It's no secret that on some days, other human beings can seem annoying and too difficult to get along with. However, it makes sense to strengthen your connections to the ones you actually like. People with stronger connections to family, friends, and society in general tend to live longer, healthier lives. Everyone needs alone time, but you should still reach out to others and keep in touch whenever you can. Drinking (too much) alcohol Sure, studies suggest a small amount of alcohol may be good for your heart. However, too many of us drink over. Too much alcohol is linked to a greater risk of high blood pressure, high levels of blood fats, and heart failure. Which of the following is bad for those with stress and sadness?
|
[
"Laughing a lot",
"Talking about their own problems.",
"Getting social support",
"Leaving these emotions alone."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Back those photos up The images were striking. Homes on the East Coast were washed away by Superstorm Sandy. People were in tears, picking up faded photographs, among their only remaining possessions. If that doesn't move you to get serious about safekeeping your lifetime of memories, what will? The digital age offers tools never imaginable before--including one-click access to a lifetime of family photos. Here is a brochure on how to back up your photos and save them online, where they can live forever and be accessible in good times and bad. Scanning The first step for those old photos is to scan them and save them to a digital format. Most printers come with scanners these days, so that's an easy but extremely time-consuming step. Storing the photos With your scans in place, import the photos into your computer, and back them up. You could make multiple copies of the disks and spread them to loved ones. Or you could choose external hard drives or USB thumb drive, and add your photo and video collection from your computer. Online backup If you need lots of space, look at a pure online backup service, Caronite. Caronite backs up 300 million files daily. Once you sign up, it starts to pick up everything you have on your hard drive. But photo collection on your computer's main hard drive charges for $59 a year. Cloud Storage For folks who don't need automatic backup, but instead want to take a more active approach, Dropbox, Google Drive and Microsoft's SkyDrive let you store files online by yourself, share and instantly access them. All offer free options--2GB of free storage for Dropbox, 5GB for Google and 7GB for SkyDrive. But if you want more, you need to pay. Bottom Line The hard drive or flash drive is the cheapest and easiest. But drives can fail. Online services are more expensive, but more secure. With more of us switching back and forth between our computers, such services are the best way to get access to our data from wherever we are. What can we know from the passage?
|
[
"Scanning photos takes little time but costs a lot.",
"Caronite charges for backing up photos from hard drive.",
"Google Drive offers unlimited free photo storage on line.",
"The hard drive or flash drive is the cheapest and safest."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Now, it may be difficult to predict the future, but many people believe that we will live on Mars by the year 2100. Our own planet, Earth, is becoming more and more crowed and polluted. Well, what problems will we need to solve before we prepare to go to Mars? First of all, transport should be much better. At present, humans need to spend months going to Mars by spaceship. However, by 2100, spaceship can travel at half the speed of light. It might take us two or three days to get there! Secondly, humans need food, water and air to live. Scientists should develop plants that can be grown on Mars. These plants will produce the food, water and air that we need. However, there is no answer for all the problems now. There is also a problem for us to live on Mars. Mars attracts us much less than the Earth does. This will be dangerous because we could easily jump too high and fly slowly away into space there. We will have to wear special shoes to make ourselves heavier. In some ways, life on Mars may not be better than that on the earth today. Food will not be the same --meals will probably be in the form of pills and will not be as delicious as they are today. Also, space travel will probably make many people feel very uncomfortable. So far, how long will it take us from the earth to Mars by spaceship?
|
[
"Two or three days.",
"A few days.",
"A few months.",
"A few years."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day?
|
[
"23°F",
"23°C"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Complete the sentence.
In this chemical reaction, hydrogen is a ().
|
[
"reactant",
"product"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
As many as 4 out of every 1,000 infants born today have permanent hearing loss. When parents learn that their child has hearing loss, they are faced with many difficult decisions. These decisions can include choosing therapies and schools, as well as finding financial help for hearing aids or cochlear implants . Help Me Hear Foundation is a public charity that gives the gift of hearing to deaf children from families existing on very low incomes around the world. Help Me Hear Foundation believes that a child's first years of development are critical. Being able to hear is vital to human, and Help Me Hear Foundation seeks to provide a positive lasting impression on society through its programs. Recipients of Help Me Hear Foundation's benefits receive state-of-the-art hearing devices that otherwise would cost thousands of dollars per child over the course of their lifetime. The Foundation raises money through donations for hearing aids and cochlear implants, which saves recipients and their families on average over $50,000 on related expenses. The Foundation tries to be a transparent charity, and wants to be a catalyst for allowing deaf and hearing-impaired children to develop in a typical fashion alongside their peers. Needy families can obtain information on specific services, and find out about deafness education by visiting the Help Me Hear Foundation's website. The website offers helpful information on how hearing aids work, and how hearing aids ease many of the learning and language challenges that hearing-impaired children deal with on a daily basis. We learn from the text that _ .
|
[
"the local government is in charge of the foundation",
"the work of the foundation depends on donations",
"even blind children can turn to the foundation",
"poor deaf African children cannot get help from the foundation"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these elements is found in the greatest amount in organisms?
|
[
"carbon",
"iron",
"lead",
"neon"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Devon has naturally pale skin.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The celestial object closest to Earth is
|
[
"Mercury and Venus are equally closest",
"the object the Earth orbits",
"the third planet from the Sun",
"the large object that illuminates a night sky"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Brad acquired this trait?
|
[
"Brad was not born knowing how to identify different fish. He had to learn this skill.",
"Brad has two pet fish. The fish live in a fish tank together."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Magnetism
|
[
"requires full contact between objects",
"requires objects to touch",
"can act only on contact",
"can act without contact between objects"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services. People use money to buy food, furniture, books, bicycles and hundreds of other things we need or want. When they work, they usually get paid in money. Lots of the money today is made of paper. But people used to use all kinds of things as money. One of the first kinds of money was shells. Shells were not the only things used as money. In China, cloth and knives were used. In the Philippine Islands, rice was used as money for a long time. Some Africans once used elephant tusks, monkey tails, and salt as money. The first metal coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the center. Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money. Later, countries began to make coins of gold and silver. But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive. Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money. They began to use paper money. The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than the paper money used today. Money has had an interesting history, from the days of shell money until today. In the Philippines Islands _ was once used as money.
|
[
"rice",
"knife",
"cloth",
"wheat"
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the plant.
|
[
"Snowy owls eat small animals.",
"Rosemary bushes have many thin leaves."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Hello! My name is Jim. I'm from the US. Now I am in China with my father and mother. I like China. I like Chinese food, too. I have breakfast at home. I eat an egg, bread and porridge in the morning. I don't like milk. I have no time to go home for lunch. So I have it at school. The lunch in our school is very good. I can have different food for lunch. I eat rice, meat and vegetables for lunch. Sometimes I have noodles and dumplings. I have supper at home with my parents . Sometimes we go out to eat with friends. We have meat, vegetables and fruit. Jim has lunch _ .
|
[
"at school",
"at home",
"in a restaurant",
"with his parents"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Food picked up just a few seconds after being dropped is less likely to contain bacteria than if it is left for longer periods of time, according to the findings of research carried out at Aston University's School of Life and Health Sciences. The findings suggest there may be some scientific basis to the "5 second rule" --- the belief about it being fine to eat food that has only had contact with the floor for five seconds or less. Although people have long followed the 5 second rule, until now it was unclear whether it actually helped. The study, undertaken by final year Biology students and led by Anthony Hilton, Professor of Microbiology at Aston University, monitored the transfer of the common bacteria from a variety of indoor flooring types (carpet, cement floor etc.) to toast, pasta, a biscuit and a sticky sweet when contact was made from 3 to 30 seconds. The results showed that: Time is a significant factor in the transfer of bacteria from a floor surface to a piece of food; and the type of flooring the food has been dropped on has an effect, with bacteria least likely to transfer from carpeted surfaces and most likely to transfer from cement flooring surfaces to moist foods making contact for more than 5 seconds. Professor Hilton said: "Consuming food dropped on the floor still carries an infection risk as it very much depends on which bacteria are present on the floor at the time." The Aston team also carried out a survey of the number of people who employ the 5 second rule. The survey showed that: 87% of people surveyed said they would eat food dropped on the floor, or already have done so. 55% of those who would eat or have eaten food dropped on the floor are women. 81% of the women who would eat food from the floor would follow the 5 second rule. Professor Hilton added, "Our study showed that a surprisingly large majority of people are happy to consume dropped food, with women the most likely to do so. But they are also more likely to follow the 5 second rule." Eating food dropped on the floor still carries an infection risk because it relies on _ at that time.
|
[
"the type of bacteria",
"the carpet",
"the cement floor",
"the surface of table"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe---life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way. As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist. Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it. Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify. Finally, life could evolve only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away. If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life? First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out. This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist. The existence of life depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"the right amount of atmosphere",
"our own solar system",
"steady heat and light",
"the right distance from the sun"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various species in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight. Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require. All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps , and then wonder why the animal seems tired and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health. Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
|
[
"Domesticated Animals--Man's Best Friends.",
"Proper Diet--the Road to Health.",
"The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals.",
"Some Tips on Pet-keeping."
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Howie put his plants under a plant light. What was he helping his plants do by providing light?
|
[
"make food",
"attract insects",
"release pollen",
"grow roots"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Young people looking for a job with good pay, flexible hours and job security should consider working in health care, according to a list of the top 15 best jobs in the US for young people. Health care is the fastest growing sector of the US economy and nearly half of what are considered the top jobs for young people are in the sector, Forbes.com said. With a medium annual salary of $33,470, dental assistants topped the ranking, while medical assistants, who earn about $28,860, came in No. 3, followed by physical therapist assistants who make a medium salary of nearly $50,000 and health aides who earn $20,560. Teachers of self-enrichment courses such as pottery and art, were the only non-health job in the top five. "Almost every one of these requires physical contact," Laurence Shatkin, the author of the book "150 Best Jobs for Your Skills," told Forbes. com. "You have to show up to do them, so you're not being shipped overseas, and they can't be done by a robot." Shatkin studied which jobs have the highest concentration of 16 to 24 year olds, pay well and have opportunities for entry level positions. He based the ranking on annual salary and openings and projected growth. Many of the jobs do not require a college degree. Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors, pharmacy technicians and surgical technologists were also among the top 10 jobs for young people. Because many of the jobs can be done on a part-time basis, they offer the flexibility for people to continue their education while doing them. Some of the jobs offer career prospects and advancements. "Young people may not have figured out what their priorities are yet," Shatkin told Forbes.com. "They may use these jobs to discover what they like and where they fit in." From the passage, we know that health care is a sector where people in the USA can _ .
|
[
"work the shortest time",
"make the most money",
"enjoy its safest working conditions",
"experience its fastest development"
] | 3D
|
professional_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Where do you think people will live in the future? Can you predict people will work and live in the sea? But how will people go to work then? By submarine! Some scientists believe that some day submarines will be as many as today's cars. A famous French driver says, " One day, man will work on the ocean floor as they do on the street!" If people want to live in the sea, they have to solve a lot of problems first. Some of these problems, similar to those of living on the moon, are lack of oxygen and weightlessness . Many questions are hard to answer. For example, what will happen to our bodies if we live in the sea for a very long time? Scientists are looking for answers. Maybe in 50 years man will be able to live in the sea, away from the crowded and noisy cities on land. Man will find it fun and interesting to live in the sea. And life in the sea is more comfortable. Don't you think so? What problem will people have if they live in the sea?
|
[
"They will have difficulty in breathing.",
"They will become quite short.",
"They will feel cold.",
"They will feel tired."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Every year, green sea turtles migrate approximately 2000 km to reproduce. This migration is an example of
|
[
"a learned behavior.",
"an instinctive behavior.",
"a response to crowding.",
"an escape from predators."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One 7.0 kg bowling ball is lifted to a storage shelf 1.0 m above the floor. A second 7.0 kg ball is lifted to a storage shelf 2.0 m above the floor. Which of the following best explains why the measured force of gravity on each ball is nearly identical?
|
[
"The final potential energy of each ball increased.",
"The amount of work required to lift each ball is identical.",
"The distance of each ball from Earth's center of mass is almost identical.",
"The gravitational force of each ball on the other cancels out the force of Earth's gravity."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Amelia investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do candles with thick wicks or with thin wicks produce more smoke?",
"Do scented candles or unscented candles produce more smoke?",
"Do large candles or small candles produce more smoke?"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Wouldn't it be great if you could just look up at the sky and read the weather forecast right away? Well, you can. The forecast is written in clouds. If you can read that writing, you can tell something about the atmosphere. With some practice, you can become a pretty good weather forecaster. Who knows, you might even do as well as meteorologists . Meteorologists use much more information than just the appearance of the clouds to make their forecast. They collect data from all over the world. Then they put it into powerful, high speed computers. This does give the meteorologists an advantage, because they can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country. But you have an advantage, too. You can look at the sky and get your data directly. A meteorologist uses a computer forecast that's several hours old to make a local forecast. What are you seeing when you look at a cloud? "A picture of moisture is doing in the atmosphere," says meteorologist Peter Leavitt. There's moisture throughout the atmosphere. Most of the time you don't see it, because it's in the form of an unseeable gas called water vapor. Sometimes, the temperature of the air gets cold enough to cause the waster vapor to change to liquid water. It's called condensation , and we see it happen all the time (for example, when humid air from the shower hits the cold glasses of a mirror). When enough water vapor condenses , droplets come in the air. These droplets scatter light. A cloud is seen. Watching clouds over a day or two tells you a lot more than a single cloud about the weather to come. Changes in clouds show changes in the atmosphere. You should begin to notice patterns. Certain clouds, following each other in order, can signal an approaching storm. But don't take our word for it; see for yourself. Meteorologists can make their weather forecast _ .
|
[
"by using information of the appearance of the clouds only",
"by collecting data from parts of the world",
"by collecting and analyzing the data",
"by watching the sky"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space. This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling. This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat. Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling. "We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere." Scientists tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are _ by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth. .According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may _ .
|
[
"result in a warming climate",
"cause the forest fires to occur more frequently",
"lead to a longer fire season",
"protect the forests and the environment there"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A lot of grown-ups worry that spending too much time playing video games isn't good for a kid's health. Now some doctors have noticed that kids who bring their hand-held game players to the hospital seem less worried about being there. These patients also seem to experience less pain when they are concentrating on a superhero adventure or a car race. At the Johns Hopkins Children's Center in Maryland, young patients are finding hospital visits easier to deal with, thanks to a test program called the Hospital-based On-line Pediatric Environment (HOPE). Patients in HOPE have a life-threatening condition where their kidneys no longer filter wastes from their blood. To get their blood cleaned, these kids must be hooked up to dialysis machines at the hospital three times a week, for at least three hours each time. HOPE allows kids to play online sports, racing, and adventure games with each other. Eventually they will be able to connect with kids in other hospitals who are suffering from the same problem. "We want to use the power of the Internet to bring together kids who feel that they are separated by their illness, and let them know that they are not alone," said Arun Mathews, the doctor who heads the program. He loves video games himself and got the idea to connect kids all over the country. Many researchers elsewhere are testing video game programs that might help young patients. For example, nine-year-old Ben Duskin of San Francisco, who was struggling with cancer helped to design a video game where players get rid of cancer cells. That's all great news, because doctors already know that reducing pain and worry helps patients heal faster. According to Arun Mathews, the main purpose of HOPE is to _ .
|
[
"encourage kids to play online games",
"teach kids how to design video games",
"help kids who are suffering from illness connect with each other",
"make parents worry less about their kids playing video games too much"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can we make animals work for us? Some scientists think that one day we can teach animals to do a lot of things for people. They say that in a film or on TV you may see elephants, monkeys, dogs or some other animals doing a lot of things. If you watch carefully, you may find those animals are always given a little food to eat after they have done something. Scientists say that people can teach many different animals to do some easy work if they know they will get something to eat. We all know elephants can carry large logs and dogs can look after houses. And we can even teach animals to work in factories. In America, for example, people use apes to help make cars. Scientists think that those big monkeys may, one day, drive trains. Now people are trying to let them do something just like man. _ can be taught to work for us.
|
[
"Only apes",
"Only dogs",
"Only large elephants",
"Many animals"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's time you started eating sensibly. Experts at the first Chinese Students Nutrition and Health Festival in Kunming last week listed eight bad eating habits. *Watching television while having meals or snacks. Doing this means you don't pay attention to your food, forget how full you are, and so overeat. It can also cause digestion diseases. One way to avoid this is only to eat in certain areas of your home. * Replacing meals with snacks. Many students think that eating small snacks can help them diet. But it often results in overeating and health problems related to a lack of vegetables, carbohydrates ,proteins and vitamins. Snacking only works if it is well planned and includes healthy foods such as nuts, vegetables, fruit and yogurt. *Having drinks rather than water. Fizzy drinks and fruit juice are usually high in calories and sugar, which can cause weight problems. Water is important in making your brain cells and every organ in your body work properly. For your body to burn fat, it needs at least eight glasses of pure water a day. Liquids like soda and coffee actually take water away from your body. *Refusing to drink milk. Milk is the best natural food--it provides you with protein, which makes your bones strong and teeth healthy. * Choosing meat and certain vegetables over others. Different foods provide different kinds of nutrition. If you don't have a balanced diet, this can result in malnutrition and a weaker body. *Eating in front of the computer and staying there after meals. Take a walk after eating and it helps your stomach digest the meal. *Buying from roadside snack bars. If you shop at these places, be careful--many are not clean enough. * Eating throat tablets as if they were sweets. If you eat throat tablets when you have no throat disease, they may affect the bacteria in your mouth and cause real throat problems. Why can't soft drinks be drunk in place of water when you feel thirsty?
|
[
"They help brain cells work properly.",
"They make your body sick.",
"They take water away from your body.",
"They supply energy for your body."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has more thermal energy?
|
[
"a 2-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 30°C",
"a 2-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 65°C"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The space shuttle Discovery has had a long and busy career. For 27 years, it has worked for NASA, carrying astronauts to space and back on 39 missions. On March 9, 2011, after returning from its final voyage, the world's most traveled spaceship was retired. A crowd of shuttle workers, reporters and schoolchildren waited to greet Discovery at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. Three minutes before noon, they watched as the shuttle appeared in the sky and made one last touchdown. "For the final time: wheels stop," Discovery's commander Steven Lindsey said when the shuttle rolled to a stop. Discovery's final trip was to the International Space Station (ISS), a giant space lab in the sky. Discovery's crew took care of the last U.S. construction project at ISS. They delivered 10 tons of supplies for the ISS. The six-person crew also dropped off an unusual companion for ISS's researchers: a human-like robot named Robonaut 2. Astronauts will assemble R2 at the ISS over several months. Now, NASA is its shuttle programme. NASA is to begin work on new spaceships that can travel longer distances. Discovery's retirement is the first of three. Endeavor, another shuttle, is scheduled to make its final voyage soon. And Atlantis's last trip is planned for the end of June. Museums across the country have requested the retired shuttles. The Smithsonian's Air and Space Museum, in Washington, D.C., was the lucky recipient of Discovery. The museum's collection contains hundreds of NASA artifacts. Where will the other shuttles go? You'll have to wait to find out. NASA will announce its decision on April 12, the 30 anniversary of the first space shuttle launching. Stay tuned! What can we infer from the text?
|
[
"Discovery completed 39 missions during its two decades of space travel.",
"The ISS is a big project and six researchers live on the station.",
"American space exploration will focus on longer missions.",
"The shuttles Endeavor and Atlantis will make their last missions next month."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Australians are some of the largest consumers of meat in the world and the quality is extremely high. The methods of cooking meat have changed greatly over the past years, partly because of the European and Asian comers who have introduced cooking traditions, and partly because of a new health idea. Classic European dishes are still popular, but Asian food--with Japanese and Thai joining Chinese, has long been a favorite. Australians, however, also like a traditional roast of beef, lamb or pork and visitors will find these on many restaurant menus. There is a seemingly endless supply of ethnic restaurants providing food for the many nationalities that now live here. High-quality local foods with ethnic cooking methods have produced some of the best meals in the world. Most Australian families have outdoor barbecue facilities. Many parks and beaches have barbecue areas. You will hear the steady sizzle of meat and seafood over coals around the country in summer evenings and during weekends. Many small hotels and clubs have outdoor eating or barbecue facilities, where customers can choose and cook their own steak. Chicken is the most commonly used bird for eating. Duck, goose, and turkey are also bred and Australian pigeon is among the best in the world. Kangaroos and water buffaloes are also slaughtered for meat in some states. If you go to Australia, you will find that _ .
|
[
"you can enjoy many different kinds of meat in Australia",
"a lot of restaurants in Australia only serve ethnic groups",
"classic European dishes are the most popular in Australia now",
"it's hard for you to taste real Australian meat in Australia today"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Recently Dr. Cleiman has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labor (work) through your work, you may say that you are "hot". That is true, the time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak . For some people the peak comes during the forenoon . For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what this energy cycle means and which cycle each member of the family has. You cannot change your cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. "Habits can help," Dr. Cleiman believes. If your energy cycle is low in the morning but you have an important job early in the day, rise before your usual hour, and then you will work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a lazy yawn and stretch . Sit on the edge of bed before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. For what reason may husbands and wives quarrel with each other?
|
[
"Either of them gets up late in the morning.",
"Husbands and wives have different cycles of energy.",
"Either of them wants to change the cycle of the other's.",
"They do not know which cycle they themselves have."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In fall 2006,the National Basketball Association (NBA)started using basketballs made with synthetic ,or man-made ,material instead of leather .They made the change be- cause they wanted every basketball they use to feel and bounce the same.Not all leather balls are exactly alike in weight or how they bounce,but the synthetic balls are. However,some players complained right away that the new balls bounced differently and were actually harder to control than the leather ones. Physics helped answer questions about why the new balls felt different.For example,the scientists studied friction ,which in this case affects the ability of a player to hold onto a ball."The greater the friction,the better it will stick to his hand,"explains a scientist. Tests on both wet and dry balls showed that while the synthetic ball was easier to hold onto when dry,it had less friction and became much harder to hold onto when wet.That's because _ stays on the surface of the synthetic balls but gets taken into the leather balls. The scientists also tested bounce and found that the logo printed on the new balls made their surface uneven and caused them to bounce a little strangely com- pared with the leather balls. In January,the NBA went back to using the leather balls.They aren't perfect,but for now,that's just the way the ball bounces. The ball is easier to hold on to _
|
[
"when friction is greater",
"when friction is less",
"when it is heavier",
"when it bounces strangely"
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The space shuttle Columbia flared and broke up in the skies over Texas on Saturday, February 1,2003, killing the seven astronauts on board in what NASA and President Bush called a tragedy for the entire nation. NASA launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching for the astronauts' remains. It said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause. The break-up, 16 minutes before the shuttle was due to land at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, spread possibly toxic debris over a wide swath of Texas and neighboring states. Dramatic television images of the shuttle's _ clearly showed several white trails streaking through blue skies after the shuttle suddenly fell apart. It was almost 17 years to the day that the Challenger shuttle exploded on Jan. 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts on board. Take-off and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission. In 42 years of US' human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing. Challenger exploded just after take-off. Rescue teams scrambled to search for the remains of the crew, which included the first Israeli to fly on the shuttle, former combat pilot Col. Ilan Ramon. There were warnings that parts of a vast 120-mile-long corridor of debris could be toxic because of poisonous rocket propellant . "We are not ready to confirm that we have found any human remains," Nacogdoches County Sheriff Thomas Kerrs said. He added that among the roughly 1,000 calls reporting debris, some people said they found remains of crew members. "The Columbia is lost. There are no survivors, Their mission was almost complete and we lost them so close to home. ... America's space program will go on," said a grim-faced Bush in a message broadcast on television, which included condolences to the families of the dead astronauts. The word "descent" in the passage means _ .
|
[
"taking off",
"landing",
"orbiting",
"walking down"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Michelle investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?",
"Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?",
"Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
I work at a Care Center where most of the people are elderly. About a year and a half ago a 59-year-old lady came to us who had cancer. She had to have her right leg amputated and she didn't have a family to take care of her after the operation. This lady was a quiet lady who mostly stayed alone. But in the afternoons, when she was feeling well, she would go to visit the other people in the Care Center. She would visit a lady who was blind and read to her. She would go into the room of a young girl with severe cerebral palsy and sing to her. In her quiet and gentle way, she would go about the Care Center doing goods. She passed away last Wednesday and after her passing, stories are coming forward of her quiet acts of kindness in her own hour of sorrow. We never know what _ we have upon others. She had every reason to be bitter, to be angry, or to be swallowed up in her own grief. But she wasn't. She didn't have a family and probably felt forgotten, but her small and quiet acts of service made an impact upon the entire Care Center. Each of us feels better than before for having known her. We have pledged to be more aware of the service that we can offer to others. Why did the old lady live in the Care Center?
|
[
"Because she wanted to prove her importance.",
"Because she felt very lonely at home.",
"Because she was suffering a very serious illness.",
"Because she was invited by many patients there."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which statement best describes the motion of water molecules as the water changes state from steam to liquid?
|
[
"The molecules move faster and occupy more space.",
"The molecules move slower and occupy more space.",
"The molecules move faster and occupy less space.",
"The molecules move slower and occupy less space."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.It has been made to help you better manage your money.The Winners Club is a transaction account where you receive a key-card so you can get to your money 24/7 --that's 24 hours a day, 7 days a week! It's a club with impressive features for teenagers: *No account keeping fees! You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees.In fact, there are no accounts keeping or transaction fees! *Excellent interest rates! You want your money to grow.The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits without taking them out in a month. *Convenient Teenagers are busy --we get that.You may never need to come to a bank at all.With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet.You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account.This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part-time job! *Mega magazine included Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money.There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members. The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers.And it is so easy to join.Simply fill in an application form.You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool key-card) but it is easy.We can't wait to hear from you.It's the best way to choose to be a winner! Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club?
|
[
"Special gifts are ready for parents.",
"The bank opens only on work days.",
"Services are convenient for its members.",
"Fees are necessary for the account keeping."
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Prairie dogs can run very quickly. This adaptation enables the prairie dog to
|
[
"attract mates.",
"intimidate predators.",
"escape from predators.",
"chase after their young."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cyberspace, data superhighway, multimedia, for those who have seen the future, and the linking of computers, televisions and telephones will change our lives for ever. Yet for all the talks of a forthcoming technological utopia, little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As for all the new high technology, the West concerns itself with the "how", while the question of "for whom" is put aside once again. Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communication revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade and exchange, interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets -- with a destructive impact on the havenots. For them the result is unstable. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As "futures" are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies. So what are the options of regaining control?One alternative for developing countries is to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints ( ,) on developing countries' economies. Communication technology is generally exported from the US, Europe or Japan;the patents, skills and ability remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, therefore imported products and services must be bought on credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain. Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?
|
[
"Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.",
"Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.",
"Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.",
"Because it constrains the industrial growth of developing countries."
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
which of these will lead to a larger population in a given habitat?
|
[
"all of these",
"severe famine and starvation",
"severe drought and dryness",
"a bountiful assortment of meals"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Pamela has a scar on her right hand.
|
[
"inherited",
"acquired"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Baby girls make their way to dolls as soon as they can crawl,while boys will head for the toy cars,a study has shown.The findings,the first to show consistent differences in very young babies,suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences. Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90babies aged nine months to 36months.They were allowed to choose from seven toys.Some were boys'toys-a car,a digger,a ball and a blue teddy.The rest were girls'toys:a pink teddy,a doll and a cooking set.They were placed a meter away from the toys,and could pick whichever toy they liked.Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded. Of the youngest children (nine to 14months),girls spent much longer playing with the doll than boys,and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did.Among the two-and three-year-olds,girls spent 50percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it.The boys spent almost 90percent of their time playing with cars,which the girls barely touched.There was no link between the parents'view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls,and the children's choice. Dr Brenda Todd said:"Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization.Boys may be given'toys that go'while girls get toys they can care for,which may help shape their preference.But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys.There could be a biological basis for their choices.Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects,probably through hunting instincts ,while girls prefer warmer color1s such as pink,the color1 of a newborn baby." Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because .
|
[
"baby boys are much more active",
"baby girls like bright color1s more",
"parents have an effect on their views",
"there may be a biological difference"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In a closed system, what happens to the total energy of the system as energy conversions take place?
|
[
"It increases.",
"It decreases.",
"It remains constant.",
"It is transferred out of the system."
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you ever wondered why you sometimes take an almost immediate liking to a person you have just met? We often get the first impression of a person based on the color1 of a person's skin or the manner in which he or she dressed. Meaning is conveyed not only by words or verbal languages but also by nonverbal communication systems, such as body behaviors. Nonverbal communication is important because we use the actions of others to learn about their affective emotional states .Our emotions are reflected in our posture, face, and eyes--be it fear, joy, anger, or sadness--so we can express them without ever saying a word .For this reason, most of us rely heavily on what we learn through our eyes. Nonverbal communication is significant in human interaction because it is usually responsible for the first impressions. More importantly, those first messages usually influence the perception of everything else that follows. Even how we select friends and sexual partners is grounded in first impressions with nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is important because it is culture-related. It is based on different beliefs, religions, values and customs in different cultures. When, where, how, and to whom people display his or her specific nonverbal behaviors is greatly affected by culture and context. Culture determines what the appropriate nonverbal behavior is. For example, feelings of friendship exist everywhere but their expression varies. It may be appropriate in some countries for man to embrace each other and for women to hold hands; in other countries these displays of affection may be shocking. Each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication. What is acceptable in one culture may be completely unacceptable in another. One culture may determine that snapping fingers to call a waiter is acceptable; another may consider this gesture rude. Which of the following statements is not True ?
|
[
"Meaning can be conveyed both by words and body language.",
"We can use nonverbal communication to learn about a person's emotional states.",
"We often get the first impression by what a person says.",
"The first impression can affect what we will do in the following."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which part of a bicycle BEST moves in a circle?
|
[
"Seat",
"Frame",
"Foot pedal",
"Kickstand"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Koalas are found only in prefix = st1 /Australia. Even if called koala bear, this animal has nothing to do with the actual bear; it is not even a mammal , but a marsupial , like the kangaroo. Its closest living s are the wombats . A koala is about 60-80cm long and weighs 5-14kg. The name "koala" means "no drink", and refers to the koala's ability to go for days without water. Koalas get the water content they need from the eucalyptus leaves on which they feed. The koala is the only mammal with a digestive system that can feed only on eucalyptus leaves--incidentally, these leaves are highly poisonous if eaten by humans. One individual consumes about 5kg of eucalyptus leaves daily and it may never drink water! The koala is a _ mammal. They prefer to move around just after sunset, spending daytime sleeping in the fork of a tree. A koala spends sleeping 75% of its time. The eucalyptus leaves they eat are rich in fiber and poor in proteins and fats. The adult must detoxify leaves with energy expense, while fiber is hard to break down. Because of this poor diet, koalas save energy by sleeping most of the day, while their movements are very slow. Koalas only have one young per year. In summer, baby koalas are born about a month after mating. The female takes it with her mouth and places it into her poach. In 6 months, the young can get out and feed on leaves. There are probably around 2,000 to 8,000 wild koalas in Australiaat present. The extremely fine gray fur is the reason why koala has been heavily hunted in the past. Koalas are killed every year by dogs, cats, dingoes, eagles and owls. They also die of disease and accidents. Why does the koala spend most of its time sleeping?
|
[
"To escape from natural enemies.",
"To save its energy.",
"To protect itself from the sun.",
"To detoxify eucalyptus leaves."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which water balloon has a lower temperature?
|
[
"the water balloon with less thermal energy",
"the water balloon with more thermal energy"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Compare the motion of three motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at the lowest speed?
|
[
"a motorboat that moved 340kilometers north in 5hours",
"a motorboat that moved 115kilometers east in 5hours",
"a motorboat that moved 280kilometers north in 5hours"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
"Blogging is helping students to think and write more critically ,"says an Australian researcher, "and can help draw out people who would otherwise not engage in debate." These are the preliminary findings of PHD research by Anne Bartlett-Bragg, a lecturer at the University of Technology, Sydney, who has been using weblogs or blogs in her own teaching since 2001. "The students are thinking more critically." she says, "They are learning to be responsible and they're communicating outside the boundaries of the classroom and the institution, and they like that. "Bartlett-Bragg says in conventional teaching, students often rely on the lecturer as the main source of ideas and critique for their work. "I'm a bit over listening to my students giving me back in an essay what I've told them in class." she says. "I want them to think for themselves and get different perspectives." "What makes blogs useful is their interactive nature." she says. These web-based forums for discussing ideas, experiences or opinions allow students to discuss publicly what they are studying with other students and experts outside their own university. "I really encourage them to put their personal opinion in there, provided they are informed and backed up with evidence." Bartlett-Bragg says because a lot of academics in her field of electronic or e-learning now have their own blogs, students can engage directly with them. She says one of the most powerful facilities in weblogs is pinging, which involves a person positing a comment about someone else's work on their own blog. They use the "Trackback" tool to notify the author when they have published the comment, basically inviting them to discuss it. "They get such a buzz when they make a comment on another person outside the boundaries of the institution and that person responds, or even gives them some further reading." she says. "They are getting new perspectives that I can't give them in a normal lecture." Bartlett-Brag would like her students to _ .
|
[
"make comments on her teaching",
"spend more time on the web",
"be taught in a conventional way",
"get new ideas from the web-based forums"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution can damage their health,but many do not know that indoor air pollution can also have significant health effects.Environmental Protection Agency studies indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 3~5 times,and occasionally more than 100 times,higher than outdoor levels.These levels of indoor air pollutants may be of particular concern because most people spend about 90% of their time indoors. There are many sources of indoor air pollution in any home.These include sources such as oil,gas,coal,wood,and tobacco products,building materials,wet or damp carpet,and furniture made of certain pressed wood products,products for household cleaning and maintenance,personal care,or hobbies,central heating and cooling systems. Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure or repeated exposures.These include _ of the eyes,nose,and throat,headaches,dizziness.Such immediate effects are usually shortterm and treatable.Sometimes the treatment is simply removing the person's exposure to the source of the pollution,if it can be identified. The likelihood of immediate reactions to indoor air pollutants depends on several factors.Age and preexisting medical conditions are two important influences.In other cases,whether a person reacts to a pollutant depends on individual sensitivity,which varies tremendously from person to person.Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures,and it appears that some people can become sensitized to chemical pollutants as well. Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral diseases,so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution.While pollutants commonly found in indoor air are responsible for many harmful effects,there is considerable uncertainty about what concentrations or periods of exposure are necessary to produce specific health problems.People also react very differently to exposure to indoor air pollutants.Therefore,further research is needed to better understand the effects of indoor air pollution and to find efficient ways to protect our health. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Reactions of Pollution",
"Danger from Home",
"Pollution Resources",
"Different Pollutions"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I once did a year of voluntary service in a residential home for people with learning disabilities. was set in an English village deep in the countryside, quite different from my home in Sweden. One of my fellow volunteers, a girl from Tanzania, seemed a little unhappy, so I asked what the problem was. She told me she had a friend back home who had financial difficulties and maybe it was impossible for her to complete her university courses. So this friend of mine had sent all her money to Tanzania to support her friend! This meant that she didn't have much food to eat and no money to go anywhere outside the village. I was so touched and I felt I had to do something. So, during my next trip to one of the nearby towns I walked into a shop. I didn't have much money left myself but I thought I'd buy her an extra box of chocolate we both liked and some rice. I started talking to the woman(also a volunteer)working in the shop and eventually told her about my friend. The woman looked at me, amazed. "Does she eat pasta?" she asked. "Yes," I replied. She immediately started loading a bag with pasta, cookies, and other things until the bag was full. "Give her this for me. It's my treat!'' I couldn't believe it but accepted with happiness. As I left the shop to go home with my unexpected bag of food, I asked the woman her name. "Just Gloria," she said. Imagine my friend's face when I arranged the gifts on my kitchen table and fetched her from her room to see! I had never seen her so happy! A few weeks later she found Gloria in the shop and thanked her in person. These two extraordinary women really showed me what true kindness and compassion are, and the impression will stay with me for the rest of my life! Why did the girl from Tanzania seem a little unhappy?
|
[
"Because she had to stop her voluntary work.",
"Because she had no money to buy food or other things.",
"Because she had spent all her money on food and clothes.",
"Because her friend in Tanzania maybe had to quit school for lack of money."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Waxy leaves can be considered
|
[
"love",
"anger",
"happiness",
"clothes"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Let's go down one more, push your enter key..." says a volunteer helping senior citizens work a web session on the Inter-net. David Lansdale has found a way to light up the lives of the elderly. He gets them wired to the Internet. " If you hit your enter key, it will bring up this particular e-mail..." Pauline Allen is one of those who has started using the Internet," I thought I was through with life, I was ready for a rocking chair, because I was 86 years old. And I haven't found the rocking chair yet. " " You found the keyboard?" asks the reporter. " That's right, I found the keyboard. " The average age of Lansdale's students is around 68. All are in nursing or assisted care homes. He used family relationships to introduce them to the World Wide Web. David Lansdale says," Here they are in California, the family was back in New York, the opportunity to connect, to cross the time and space, was incredibly precious (valuable) to them. " "I hear you are so beautiful. " Lillian Sherly writes an e-mail to a newborn great granddaughter. Working with one another, the senior learn as a group. They learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized :loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and loss of memory. Mary Harvey says," Bingo just doesn't interest me. But this does, believe me, this does. " Ninety-four-year-old Ruth Hyman is a star pupil and instructor. She says," When I send a letter to my grandchildren, and great grandchildren, they hang it up in their offices, just like I used to hang their drawings on my refrigerator. Ha, ha. " David Lansdale says," There's a collective benefit. There is an element of treatment. Remember we started as a support group. " Dixon Moorehouse says,"I just wish I was 15 years old and getting to learn all this. " The senior calls their weekly meetings Monday Night Live. And many say the meetings have given them new life. Ruth Hyman says," Three years ago, they told me I wasn't going to live. But I showed them, and got work, and I've worked ever since. The purpose of David Lansdale's work is to _ .
|
[
"keep the health of the mind of the senior",
"popularize the use of computers among the old",
"organize the senior as a group to work",
"help the senior connect with their families"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the temperature shown by this thermometer.
|
[
"10°C",
"0°C",
"20°C"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Compare the motion of two bats. Which bat was moving at a lower speed?
|
[
"a bat that moved 95kilometers in 5hours",
"a bat that moved 115kilometers in 5hours"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Live the 'American Dream' What is it: Work & Travel prefix = st1 /USA Who are qualified: Full-time college students, above 18 years old. About the program: Application for the 2009 Work & Travel USA program has just started. It's an 8-16 week summer program for college students to work and travel in the US. Employers include Boeing, Hilton Hotel and 7-Eleven. For next summer, about 3,500 positions are open to Chinese Students. Applicants must pass a language test and sometimes an interview, and pay a registration fee to join the program. (source: www. cultureexchange.org) Hundreds needed by Volkswagen What is it: ShanghaiVolkswagen jobs. Who are qualified: College students graduating in 2009 About it: ShanghaiVW offers over 300 positions from engineering to marketing to college students graduating in 2009. Applicants should have an excellent academic record, CET-6 or the same level language certificate in German, and good computer skills. Campus talks will take place in Shanghai, Changchun, Harbin, Wuhan, Changsha, Nanjing, Beijing andXi'anfrom October. (source: campus.chinahr.com/2009/pages/csvw) Xiaonei looking for graduates What is it: Oak Pacific Interactive (OPI) internships What are qualified: College juniors and first-year post graduate students About it: OPI is now offering internship positions for test-engineer, development-engineer and assistant to the director of corporate culture. For engineering positions, candidates should major in computer science or a related field, have communication ability and be familiar with various development language. For assistant to the director positions, candidates should be adept in document writing, activities organizing and office software. (source: campus.xiaonei.com) The opportunity of _ is offered only to college students graduating in 2009.
|
[
"working in large companies inAmerica",
"traveling inAmerica",
"positions in VW",
"OPI internship"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Within a few short years, girls in Europe have become heavier smokers than boys, for reasons experts still fail to understand, according to a British study, presented last week to an international conference on smoking. Anti-smoking activists at the second "Tobacco or Health" conference in the Canary Islands pointed out that while grown-ups were giving up smoking in ever-growing numbers, more and more young people were taking up the habit, particularly girls. One 15--year--old in four is a regular smoker, according to a study made in 27 countries in Europe and the United States, Canada and Israel----Edinburgh University together with the World Health Organization. In Western Europe, girls were more likely than boys to smoke. In prefix = st1 /Germanyor In England, one third of the girls were smokers compared to one in four boys. In Eastern Europe, the girls "still fall behind" those in the Western Europe but were "catching up" quickly, said the study. The study dealt with the behaviour of 15--year--old in seven European countries over four year periods between 1986 and 1998. The percentages of young women smoking went from 17 percent to 36 percent in Austria, from 17 percent to 28 percent inNorway, from 21 percent to 28 percent inHungary. In the seven countries Austria,Finland,Hungary,Norway,Sweden,SwitzerlandandWales--more girls smoked than boys in 1998, exceptHungary. The country where the number of young women smokers increases fastest is_.
|
[
"Norway",
"Austria",
"Hungary",
"Sweden"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a fire truck?
|
[
"19 tons",
"19 ounces",
"19 pounds"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Rat snakes, Elaphe obsoleta, are a species made of many distinct populations in different areas. Each of the populations has different markings and colorings. Where would rat snakes most likely be gray?
|
[
"in a forest",
"in a swamp",
"in a gravel pit",
"in a corn field"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Many birds migrate. This means that every year they fly somewhere warm in the winter and then return to the place they came from in the spring. One mystery is how birds know how to travel such long distances without getting lost. Scientists have wondered for years whether they are born with the knowledge of where to go or whether they learn it after they are born. Now, researchers have found evidence that shows that one type of bird, at least, learns how to migrate. The bird is the whooping crane , a tall, white bird that lives in the United States. In the 1940s, the number of these birds decreased to fewer than 25 individuals, and many people feared that they would die out. Thanks to efforts to save them, they have now increased to about 600. However, the birds are not very good at taking care of their young. Because of this, eggs are brought to a site in Maryland. There, scientists from the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership raise the baby birds. Later, the young birds are taken from Maryland to Wisconsin, where the scientists teach them how to fly. From there, they fly about 2,200 kilometers south to Florida to spend the winter. The first time, scientists lead the way in a small airplane. From the second year, though, the birds travel by themselves. For 14 years, the scientists have kept a careful record of every flight the birds have taken between Wisconsin and Florida. They have also recorded which birds fly together, the relationships between the birds, and the gender of each bird. When scientists analyzed the data, they were surprised by the results. These showed that each bird took a very different route. However, as they got older, they flew more and more directly between Wisconsin and Florida. This continued until they were five years old. This indicates that the birds gradually learned the best route to take. Moreover, when an older bird was in a group, the whole group flew more directly. This suggests that the older birds taught the younger ones a quicker route. Scientists say that this evidence marks a big step toward solving the mystery of bird migration. What is one thing that scientists want to know about birds?
|
[
"How they manage to migrate successfully.",
"Why they migrate to warmer places.",
"When they start migrating each year.",
"Whether some birds fly faster than others."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If wolves prey on deer for food, what will most likely happen to the deer population if wolves are removed from an area where deer live?
|
[
"The population of deer will increase.",
"The population of deer will decrease.",
"The population of deer will remain the same.",
"The population of deer will become extinct."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In my first week as a graduate student at Cambridge University in 1964 I met with a fellow student, two years ahead of me in his studies; he was unsteady on his feet and spoke with great difficulty. This was Stephen Hawking. I learned that he had a bad disease and might not live long enough even to finish his PhD degree. But, amazingly, he has reached the age of 73. Even mere survival would have been a medical miracle, but of course, he didn't merely survive. He has become arguably the most famous scientist in the world for his brilliant research, for his bestselling books, and, above all, for his astonishing victory over hardship. Stephen received his "death sentence" in 1964, when I thought it was hard for him to go on with his study. Stephen went from Albans School to Oxford University. He was said to be a "lazy" undergraduate, but his brilliance earned him a first-class degree, an "entry ticket" to a research career in Cambridge and a uniquely inspiring achievement. Within a few years of the burst of his disease he was wheelchair-bound, and his speech was so unclear that it could only be understood by those who knew him well. But his scientific career went from strength to strength: he quickly came up with a series of insights into the nature of black holes (then a very new idea) and how the universe began. In 1974 he was elected to the Royal Society at the exceptionally early age of 32. The great advances in science generally involve discovering a link between phenomena that were previously conceptually unconnected -- for instance, Isaac Newton realized that the force making an apple fall to earth was the same as the force that holds the moon and planets in their orbits. Stephen's revolutionary idea about a link between gravity and quantum theory has still not been tested. However, it has been hugely influential; indeed, one of the main achievements of string theory has been to confirm and build on his idea. He has undoubtedly done more than anyone else since Einstein to improve our knowledge of gravity and he is one of the top-ten living theoretical physicists. What impressed the author most about Stephen Hawking?
|
[
"His brilliant research.",
"His defeating hardship.",
"His serious disease.",
"His bestselling books."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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