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The National Dark-Sky Week (NDSW) is a week during which people all over the United States turn off their lights to enjoy the beauty of the night sky without light pollution. This even was started by Jennifer Barlow of Midlothian, Virginia in 2003, and it is becoming more popular each year. It has been supported by the International Dark-Sky Association, the American Astronomical Society, and the Astronomical League. This even always occurs in April, during the week of the new moon so that the sky can be as dark as possible for the best viewing conditions. "It is my wish that people could see the night sky without other light in the sky as our ancestors saw it hundreds of years ago," explains Barlow. _ The main goal of NDSW is to increase awareness of the harmful effects of light pollution. It is not possible for all of the light pollution in this part of the world to disappear. However, it is possible to make a small difference in the quality of the night sky. Another goal of this even is to promote the use of better lighting systems that direct light toward the ground instead of up into the sky. Jennifer Barlow states, "The night sky is a gift of such beauty that it should not be polluted by wasted light. In this way, our children will not lose touch with the wonder of our universe." What is the main goal of the National Dark-Sky Week?
|
[
"To promote the use of better lighting systems.",
"To help people realize the harm of light pollution.",
"To cause all the light pollution in America to disappear.",
"To help young children enjoy the wonder of our universe."
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One of the best things you can do for your health is to drop a few pounds. Or maybe morethan a few pounds. Being overweight increases your danger of heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer,,the list seems almost endless. You'd better find several simple things you can do on a daily basis such as making rules of eating more vegetables and less fat and getting more physical activities. After breakfast, make water your primary drink. At breakfast, go ahead and drink orange juice. But throughout the rest of the day, focus on water instead of juice or soda. The average American consumes an extra 245 calories a day from soft drinks. That's nearly 90,000 calories a year -- or 25 pounds! And research shows that neither the calories nor sugary drinks give you a sense of fullness the way that food does. People take only 2,000 to 3, 000 steps a day. Adding 2,000 steps will help you keep your present weight and stop gaining weight. Adding more than that will help you lose weight. Eat five or six small meals or snacks a day instead of three large meals. A 1999 South African study found that when men ate parts of their morning meal at intervals over five hours, they consumed almost 20 percent fewer calories at lunch than when they ate a single breakfast. Which of the following should be avoided if you want to lose weight?
|
[
"Eating more vegetables.",
"Getting more exercise.",
"Having less sugary drinks.",
"Having three large meals."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mammals are one of a few animals that's core temp
|
[
"fluctuates",
"stays the same",
"drops suddenly",
"heats up"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of two ducks. Which duck was moving at a lower speed?
|
[
"a duck that moved 550miles in 10hours",
"a duck that moved 355miles in 10hours"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of the following would require more effort to move?
|
[
"Venus",
"the Sun",
"a dog",
"100lb weight"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Schools and parents in Shenzhen City have been asked to take better care of children's eyesight as 45 percent of them were found to be shortsighted. Too much reading, poor lighting and too much TV are blamed . Of the city's high school graduates who applied to study at colleges this summer, but now he gets up earlier. Only _ of the children in Shenzhen City have good eyesight.
|
[
"45 percent",
"less than half",
"55 percent",
"two thirds"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Students at New Market Elementary School had a fitter lifestyle last week. About 50 students participated in a 30-minute workout after school on Friday in the school's gym. This was a Fit Fridays program introduced at the school by Families Plus, a non-profit group that provides programs to enrich the lives of families and children in Frederick County. The free program aims to encourage students from kindergarten through fifth grade to be physically active by having them participate in various age-appropriate activities designed to promote a love of exercise, according to Kim Ragan, head of the program. The program, which started at the school on Nov.9, 2012, has since become a hit, Ragan said. Emily Liston, 37, said the program allows students to focus on fitness as a priority in their lives. "There're so many things to stop them from being active," she said. "So, anything to keep them moving is good, especially in the winter months". Jennifer Mitchell, 40, whose daughter Alexandra, 7, participated in the Fit Fridays program, said that learning the importance of being active isn't the only thing students are learning from the new program. "It's a great opportunity for them to get some exercise and also to learn to get along and socialize, to learn teamwork," she said. "In school they have to do activities like this but they want to do it." Riley Glynn, 9, a fourth grader at the school, said his favorite part of the program is getting to spend more time with his friends. "It's fun to play with people," Riley said. "It's like physical education after school but it really helps you." "You learn how to make yourself stronger," said Megan Hummel, 7, a first grader. Ragan said she plans to expand the program to include other schools in the county, but she has been having trouble finding fitness instructors to participate. "As soon as I can get instructors to teach we'll expand," she said. What's the purpose of the Fit Fridays program?
|
[
"To teach students the importance of physical education.",
"To help students get through the tough winter months",
"To introduce students to fun physical activities",
"To keep students active through exercise"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Admiral's genotype for the body color gene?
|
[
"a gray body",
"BB"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A recycling plant manager needs to melt 1500 kg of scrap copper to sell to a wire manufacturer. The copper is at 15°C and its melting point is 1083°C. The copper has a specific heat of 385 J/kg x K. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of the copper to its melting point?
|
[
"6.2 x 10^8 J",
"6.3 x 10^8 J",
"7.7 x 10^8 J",
"7.9 x 10^8 J"
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Babies love chocolate and sometimes they also eat the paper around it. My cat enjoys a meal of goods, thick paper and letters, for example. She doesn't like newspapers very much. Of course, the best paper comes from wood. Wood comes from trees, and trees are plants. Vegetables and fruit are plants too, and we eat a lot of them. So can we also eat wood and paper? Scientists say, "All food comes in some way from plants." Well, is that true? Animals eat grass and grow fat. Then we eat their meat. Little fish eat little sea plants; then bigger fish swim along and eat them. Chickens eat bits of grass and give us meat. Think for a minute. What food does not come from plants in some way? Scientists can do wonderful things with plants. They can make food just like meat and cheese. And they can make it without the help of animals. Now they have begun to say, "We make our paper from wood. We can also make food from wood. The next thing is not very difficult." What is the next thing? Perhaps it is food from paper. Scientists say, "We can turn paper into food. It will be good, cheap food too; cheaper than meat or fish or eggs." So please keep your old books and letters. Don't feed them to your cat. One day, soon they will be on your plate. _ . According to this passage, which of the following is the main opinion of scientists?
|
[
"We can eat wood and paper.",
"Foods are all made from plants.",
"All food comes from plants in some way.",
"Best paper comes from wood."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Vegetable may aid the brain A study suggests certain vegetables such as broccoli and spinach might help older women keep their minds sharp. Researchers have discovered that women in their 60s who eat more green leafy vegetables show less signs of mental decline over time, reported Wednesday's CRI online. They gave participants a bundle of tests measuring memory, oral ability and attention. The study didn't include men, but researchers say a similar diet would likely have the same results. Eating fish can cut risk of heart rhythm disorder . US scientists have found that eating fish can reduce the risk of deadly heartbeat disorders. They say baked fish can effectively reduce the risk of atria fibrillation among older men and women, reported Tuesday's CRI online. Researchers say in their 12 years of research among 4,800 people over the age of 65,they found those who ate fish one to four times per week had a about 30 percent lower risk compared with those who ate fish less than once a month. They say the pmega-3 fatty acids in fish can reduce the risk of a range of heart disorders and is _ to brain development and function. More than 2 million Americans are affected by atria fibrillation, a chronic condition that causes shortness of breath and an inability to exercise. Red wine may extend life US scientists have found that a mixture that makes red wine a healthy drink may also hold the secret to a longer life. They say antioxidant in wine acted on fruit flies and worms in the same way as a method known to extend the life of many animals, which is by sharply limiting how much they eat.CRIENGLISH.com reported Thursday. Limiting calories has been shown to make animals such as dogs and monkeys live longer, but they are often tired and lose productivity. The researchers will begin testing the mixture in mice, which are considerably closer to humans biologically. The text is most likely to be published in _ .
|
[
"a story book",
"an advertisement",
"a scientific journal",
"a textbook"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves. Decibels measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of 120 decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decible level of 195 would have the same effect. Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of 120 decibles in oceans. They have observed that noises above that level can frighten and confuse whales. A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that loud noises could seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing, which seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected . Many researches whose work depends on ocean sounds disagree with a limit of 120 decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research. Scientists do not know how many and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they previously believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean. What will scientists most probably do in the future?
|
[
"Count the number of sea animals.",
"Stop their research on the ocean.",
"Study the effect of different noises.",
"Protect sea creatures from harmful noises."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How Does Your Body Keep the Same Temperature? The temperature of your body should always be the same if you are fine, no matter whether the weather is hot or cold. That is why the doctor tests your temperature with a thermometer when you are sick. Normally, your body temperature is ninety-eight point six degrees Fahrenheit . If it is higher than that, it is a sure sign that something is wrong with your body. Your body keeps the same temperature all the time, because it balances the heat it produces and the heat it gives off. It is always burning up food and producing heat. It can produce heat faster when the body needs or give off heat faster when the body becomes too warm. Let's see how this works. The heat of your body is given off chiefly through the skin. When you feel cold, your skin is tight and shows "goose flesh". When you feel chilly , you must jump around to keep warm. Then your muscles begin to work, burn up fuel and produce more heat. It is not pleasant to shiver so you usually prefer warming up by taking exercise, or put on more clothes to keep warm. When you get warm, the skin is loose and soft. It is so supplied with blood that heat is given off rapidly. If you get too warm, you begin to sweat and more body heat is used in evaporating the moisture in your body. In warm weather or warm rooms, you wear less clothing, so that heat can be given off freely. You prefer less exercise because your body is warm enough, and the extra heat produced by taking too much exercise makes you uncomfortable. Now you see why you feel differently in different kinds of weather. In summer, when it is hot, you feel tired and lazy. You do not care to work or play, but enjoy lying down and doing nothing. When you get out of doors in winter, the cold air makes you feel lively. You want to run and play. From this passage we know that we feel differently in different kinds of weather because _ .
|
[
"our bodies deal with different kinds of weather in different ways to keep the same temperature.",
"we feel tired and lazy in summer and lively in winter when we are outside in cold air",
"we have different emotions in different kinds of weather",
"the body temperature is always changing in different kinds of weather"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Children are children after all, and most of them speak their mind. When they are just toddlers , they are all lovely and lively. And it's so interesting to watch them speak like a grown-up. But as they grow, these same kids seem annoying and ill-mannered if they try to be a grown-up. Conflicts go between parents and children. It's hard to tell who are right and who are wrong. A child of 7-8 always finds some reasons to have a conflict with it's parents. Whether it is about some toy, studies, a party or a company, there is always a difference between them. And it becomes worse when they answer you back. Scientists tell us that children should be treated with care. Yes, sure they should respect their elders. We are partly responsible for this. At an early age we encourage children to behave like adults, just because we find it funny. The kids on the other hand consider this same behavior as normal and get used to it. And when it is not funny for us any more, we expect them to stop it, but by then it is already too late. Only when they reach a certain maturity will the children realize that answering back and being rude are not acceptable . Until then, most of the time their behavior is difficult to change, unless by force . And use of force is against the every good idea, as it weakens the child's confidence. So it is one thing to bring a child into this world but quite another to make them into well mannered citizens. The best way is to be a good example ourselves, as our children are the mirrors of us adults. Which is acceptable according to the passage?
|
[
"Answering back.",
"Being rude.",
"Using force.",
"Respecting elders."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a full box of cereal?
|
[
"465 kilograms",
"465 grams"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
I have been a student at Bentley College in Waltham for some time now, so I have a lot of experience and know how things work at Bentley. As a freshman at Bentley College you will be living in the Tree Dorms, Slade Hall or Miller Hall. I would highly suggest that you choose to live in the Tree Dorms because this is where most fresh-men are going to be living. There will be a lot of activities going on in the building and you will meet lots of people. Slade Hall is next to the parking lot and not far from the Tree Dorms, so that would be your second choice. As Miller Hall is small and far away, it would be my last choice for freshmen housing. If Bentley offers you the chance to live with second or third year students you'd better refuse their offer and live with freshmen. Living with your classmates will make the transition into college life a lot easier. As a freshman your classes should be easy. After freshman year your classes will become a lot more difficult, so I advise that you get down to business early in the first year. There are two very easy things you can do to increase your knowledge as a freshman. The first is to just go to class and the second is to always do your homework. I also highly advise that you do it on your own and try to stay disciplined. It is too easy to put your homework away and then get really behind and not be able to learn everything before a mid-term or final exam. Where is Slade Hall?
|
[
"Near Miller Hall.",
"Far from Tree Dorms.",
"Beside the car park.",
"Near the classrooms."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Red is dominant to white for flower color in a particular plant. If a red flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white flowered plant (rr), what color will the offspring be?
|
[
"100% pink",
"100% red",
"50% white, 50% red",
"100% white"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
How would you like to have been born without any ability to feel pain? There are such people. One of them is being studied by doctors at a hospital in New York City. He is a 22-year-old clerk who really does not know the meaning of pain. But he wishes he did. Not long ago a packet of matches flared up in his hand. Luckily the burn was not serious. It caused large blisters but still did not bother him. He said the burn felt like a fly crawling(......) on his fingers. It has been the same story as far back as he can remember. He has never had headaches or sore muscles. Bee stings, cuts and bruises do not hurt. Being free from pain is not as wonderful as you may think. The young man has had to have rotted teeth pulled because he never felt toothache warnings. A sudden attack of appendicitis could be deadly. Life without pain is as risky as trying to run a cruise ship without fire alarms. The selection as a whole points to the fact that _ .
|
[
"fire can cause serious injuries",
"life is happier without pain",
"teeth can be pulled painlessly",
"pain serves a useful purpose"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sub-Saharan Africa has the world's highest hunger rate. But according to a new report, African farmers also have ideas that could help the world fight hunger and poverty. Danielle Nierenberg from the Worldwatch Institute in Washington spent a year visiting twenty-five countries south of the Sahara. In Nairobi, Kenya, for example, Ms Nierenberg found women farmers growing vegetables just outside their doorsteps in the Kibera settlement. She says they are finding ways to make their lives better. The women feed their families and sell their _ They use the money to send their children to school. Last year, about 925,000,000 people worldwide did not get enough to eat. Half of all people in the world now live in and around cities. Researchers like Ms Nierenberg are looking increasingly at creative ideas to feed those who don't have enough good food to eat. She says there are a lot of lessons that people in the Western world can learn from Africa. And what they are doing can certainly be done in other developing countries. Farmers in the developing world lose between twenty and forty percent of their harvest before it ever reaches market. There are many reasons why food gets wasted. Farmers are without electricity and cold storage. They lack good seeds and fertilizer. They lack good roads. Conditions like these keep small farmers in poverty. Ms Nierenberg says more attention needs to be paid to protecting harvests. She says, "Given all that we invest in producing food in the first place, we need to devote the same amount of attention to making sure that it is not wasted." In Nigeria, village processing centers are helping farmers reduce their losses and earn more money. They centers process cassava, a root vegetable, into basic food products. In Uganda, the Worldwatch report says some schools are teaching children how to grow local kinds of crops. And in South Africa and Kenya the report praises the breeding of local kinds of livestock. These animals may produce less milk or meat than other breeds, but they can survive heat and drought conditions. Ms Nierenberg suggests that _ .
|
[
"the women spend more money on education instead of farming",
"more and more African people should live in and around cities",
"researchers find creative ideas to feed the people suffering hunger",
"people in the Western world do the same as the Africans have done"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists who discovered a new way of generating electricity from water say they may have come across an alternative source of clean energy to rival wind and solar power. The breakthrough, which scientists say is the first new way to generate electricity in 160 years, could lead to batteries that use water instead of poisonous substances. The scientists made the discovery when they were investigating what happens when tap water is forced through extremely narrow glass tubes. Water squeezed down the tubes, each of which was narrower than a tenth the thickness of a human hair, generating a small electric current that ran the length of the tube. To produce a larger electric current, the team tried forcing water through a glass water filter that contained thousands of narrow channels lined up side by side. "When we took a syringe of water and squeezed it through the filter, we got enough power to light a light bulb," said Larry Kostiuk of the University of Alberta in Canada. "The harder you push the syringe, the more electric current you get." The current is produced because of an effect in the glass tubes. When they are filled with water, positively charged ions fixed in the tubes are washed away, leaving a slight negative charge on the glass surface. When water is then forced along the tube, the surface _ negatively charged ions in the water while positively charged ions are attracted down the tube. The result is a net flow of positively charged ions that sets up an electric current. According to Dr Kostiuk, no one has ever thought to use water to produce electricity in this way. "The last time someone came up with a way of generating electricity was Michael Faraday in 1839," he said. "So this is the first new way of generating electricity in 160 years, which is why we are so excited about it." Dr Kostiuk says water batteries might one day be used to power mobile phones and calculators, but admitted that the engineering challenges might make other applications more realistic. "You'd need to be sure it wouldn't leak, and you'd need to make sure it wouldn't freeze," he said. More likely would be to install the electricity-generating devices where water is already being pumped, such as at city water filtration sites, he said. "It could compete with wind and solar power," he added. Why were the scientists extremely happy about their new discovery?
|
[
"They were the first to find a new way to produce electricity.",
"They could make an electric current to light a light bulb.",
"Their discovery could be used to invent water batteries.",
"Their discovery was made 160 years earlier than Faraday's."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Eight month old tuna salad will make a person
|
[
"hairy",
"rich",
"clean",
"sick"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When a frog is born, it has tiny gills so that it can breathe underwater, even though in adulthood it will
|
[
"relocate to land",
"find lungs useless",
"make lung soup",
"burn air"
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The presence of high temperatures during fossil-fuel formation results in a higher percentage of which product?
|
[
"tar",
"coal",
"crude oil",
"natural gas"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Select the animal.
|
[
"Humans eat plants and animals.",
"Oak trees can have thick branches."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What tool would be most useful to calculate the volume of a glass prism?
|
[
"ruler",
"scale",
"voltmeter",
"thermometer"
] | 0A
|
college_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Caden plays golf.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Ducks might their webbed appendages to
|
[
"season pizza",
"navigate",
"sing",
"do ballet"
] | 1B
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sea turtles come in many different sizes, shapes and colors. The shell of each sea turtle species is different in length, color, shape and the arrangement of the scales . Sea turtles do not have teeth but use their jaws to eat. Their sense of smell is excellent. Their eyesight underwater is good, but they have _ out of water. Their special bodies make them adapt to life at sea. However, sea turtles maintain close ties to land. Female sea turtles have to go to the seaside to lay their eggs in the sand; therefore, all baby sea turtles begin their lives on land. Most research on sea turtles has been focused on female turtles nesting and the baby sea turtles in the nest, largely because they can be found most easily. After decades of studying sea turtles, much has been learned about. However, many mysteries still remain. Researchers do not yet know how long baby turtles spend in the open sea, or exactly where they go. People believe they spend their earliest years floating in the sea, where they do little more than eat and grow. Once turtles reach dinner-plate size, they appear at feeding grounds in waters near the shore. They grow slowly and take between 15 and 50 years to grow old enough to bear baby sea turtles, depending on the species. There is no way to know the age of a sea turtle from its physical appearance. It is believed that some species can live for over 100 years. Which of the following statements is NOT true about sea turtles?
|
[
"They don't use teeth to eat.",
"They have a good sense of smell.",
"Sea turtles are more adaptable to life at sea.",
"Different species have different shells."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Today tell you a series of information about how students in other countries can attend colleges and universities in the United States. Two years ago we broadcast our Foreign Student Series. Since then we have got more requests for information about how to attend American schools. So we will offer new reports in our series with the most current information. Each week, we will discuss a part of the process of becoming an international student in the United States. Each report will also appear on the Internet at www. Tingroom.com. Currently you can find the programs from the last time our series aired. Foreign students who want to study in the United States have many questions. How do I find out about American colleges? How do I choose the right one for me? What tests must I take? What kinds of documents will I need? How much will it cost? We will answer these and other questions in our reports. We will discuss the American system of higher education. We will tell about financial aid and rules about working in jobs while a student. We will discuss required tests and explain English language requirements. And we will tell where to find help in other countries. Our reports will also describe a few of the three thousand colleges and universities in the United States. We will discuss programs of study as well as living situations at American schools. For students without the ability to come to the United States, we will tell how to take classes by computer. We will also examine how the threat of terrorism has changed some of the rules for study in the United States. In researching our series, we talked not only to officials in education and government, but also to some foreign students. Most students say planning ahead helped make their educational experience successful. That is the purpose of this series--to help you plan. We would like to hear from anyone who has a question about studying in the United States. We will try to answer as many questions as possible as part of our series in the coming weeks. Send your questions to special @ voanews.com. The series of report probably comes from _ .
|
[
"TV",
"Internet",
"radio",
"newspaper"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Common sense would tell us that physically active children may be more likely to become active and healthy adults. In the United States, elementary and middle schools are advised to give students two and a half hours of physical activity a week. That is what the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association recommend. They say high schools should provide about four hours of physical activity each week. Yet many schools across the country have reduced their physical education programs. Just this week, a study reported that life _ has fallen or is no longer increasing in some parts of the United States. The situation is worst among poor people in the southern states, and especially women. Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in fatness, smoking and high blood pressure. They also blame differences in health services around the country. In 2006, a study found that only four percent of primary schools provided daily physical education all year for all grades. This was true of eight percent of middle schools and two percent of high schools. The study also found that twenty-two percent of all schools did not require students to take any P.E. Charlene Burgeson , a health expert says one problem for P.E. teachers is that schools are under pressure to put more time into academic subjects. Also, parents may agree that children need exercise in school. Yet many parents today still have bad memories of being chosen last for teams because teachers favored the good athletes in class. But experts say P.E. classes have changed. They say the goal has moved away from competition and toward personal performance, as a way to build a lifetime of activity. These days, teachers often lead activities like weight training and yoga. Some parents like the idea of avoiding competitive sports in P.E. class. Yet others surely dislike that idea. In the end, schools may find themselves in a no-win situation. What can be inferred after you read this passage?
|
[
"Physical activities are becoming more and more popular in American schools.",
"All the schools provided daily physical education all year for all students.",
"Parents think children need physical education for their bad memories.",
"Students spent less time on physical education for academic pressure."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Googlefight is a simple service available on the Internet which offers you the chance to compare two different items and see how many hits they get on the Google search engine. The seemingly simple device has proved invaluable to users, especially to help win arguments. For example, imagine that you and your friends are arguing about who are the most popular music or movie stars, you can decide the argument by writing the names in the Googlefight boxes. Let's say that you are arguing about Jackie Chan and Jet Li. You will quickly discover that Jet Li is mentioned 16 million times on Google pages, whereas Jackie Chan is mentioned a mere 12 million times! In this unscientific way, you can claim victory for one Star over another. But teachers have come up with ways of using Googlefight which are much more useful from an academic point of view, particularly when it comes to studying languages. You can, for example, find out the frequency of two words with the same meaning, and deduce from the answers which one is more common. For example, let's take the words "buy" and "purchase", which mean the same thing (although "buy" is only a verb and "purchase" is both a verb and a noun). It is immediately clear from Googlefight that "buy" is much more commonly used, with a massive three and a half billion hits, compared to only one billion occurrences for the more formal word. But the real value of Googlefight to the language learner is in determining which is the more common of two phrases. For example, "raining cats and dogs" is an old-fashioned English expression about the weather. Do English speakers still use it? Or are they more likely to say "pouring down"? Googlefight suggests the latter. "Pouring down" has 898,000 Google hits, whereas "raining cats and dogs" only has 326,000. With phrases, it's important to remember that you need to use quote marks to make the search more accurate. For example, if you type in the similar phrases "look after" and "take care of " without quote marks, the second phrase seems to be more common, but with quote marks, the result is reversed. Language teachers find it useful because _ .
|
[
"there are a lot of words on Googlefight",
"it can tell them which of the two words with the same meaning appears more often",
"some words mean the same thing",
"common words have a billion hits"
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As a child,hopelessly unsporty,Rosie Pope nerve made the hockey team. But at the age of 57,in 2003, she ran around the world. Setting off from home in Tenby,she returned four years, 10 months later,having run 20,000 miles through Europe, Siberia,Alaska,Canada,America,Greenland and Iceland. Moreover,she did it alone with a small cart of food and equipment - running with it through the frozen wastes of Siberia and the streets of New York. Now Pope is at it again: she has just completed 26 marathons in 26 days. "If I can start out again at 63 and feel like 36,then anyone can,because I don't think I'm a superwoman.I'm a very ordinary person,"she said. Pope spent her early childhood in remote County Limerick in Ireland with her grandmother after her mother died when she was two.Her father also died at the age of 47.Pope didn't go to school regularly until she was 13;she was encouraged,instead,to spend her time outside,learning about the natural world.But it was her first husband,Colin Swale,a fearless sailor,who introduced her to the world of extreme adventure.In 1973 they became the first to go around Cape Horn in a catamaran .And in 1983,after they separated,Pope went on to sail across the Atlantic alone.After discovering running at 47,she spent her fifties completing a series of marathons in far-away places. But it was the death of her second husband,Clive,a businessman and photographer,from cancer,that triggered her biggest challenge so far. She had been thinking of running for cancer awareness,when"something broke through my grief as I was liiking at a world map on the wall.I thought I could do this."Pope is now a motivational speaker."Running around the world,or going to the moon or whatever,is only a metaphor ,"she says."The most extraordinary adventure is every day of your life." When did Rosie Pope begin marathon running?
|
[
"At the age of 57.",
"Around the age of 50.",
"When she was 63.",
"In the year 1983."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Going to college and living away from home for the first time can be terribie.Students tend to have higher academic achievements in college when they enjoy living in the dormitory.Most colleges and universities have many programs that help first-year students adjust to studying and living in a new community.Take advantage of these programs and make new friends as you adjust to your college life. _ .Greet and meet everyone in the dorm.Find out their class schedules and hobbies.You may be able to find study partners this way.Most students are just like you being away from their home the first time.Don't be afraid toknock on your neighbors'doors and introduce yourself.The residence staff will also help you in adjusting tocollege iife.Get to know them as soon as possible. Get along with your roommate.Your roommates can be eitherr your lifelong friends or enemies.Try to be friends to them.Respect each other, including their space.Do not use your roommates' belongings without permission.Communicate among each other regarding your daily schedule, study or sleep habits and off campus guest visits. Always say hello. Get involved.To adjust to college life away from home,you need to got involved in college activities.Join clubs.Attend events that are hosted by your residence life and academic departments.Attend those events with your new friends. Most colleges have many events throughout the semester.Student union is a great place to meet new friends and learn about the upcoming events. Call home when you need to.College life can be very exciting in the beginning. Most students get lonely and homesick during the middle of the semester or during festivals,It is normal to feel sad.Call home or even visit home when you need to. Talk to your friends back home.Understand that many people love and support you and they are very proud of you. Which of the following is not proper in getting along with your roommates?
|
[
"Say hello to them frequently.",
"Respect them and their space.",
"Use their belongings secretly.",
"Know about their living habits."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which disease is a result of abnormal cell division?
|
[
"AIDS",
"cancer",
"chicken pox",
"common cold"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Lily inherited this trait?
|
[
"Some people use a hair dryer to straighten their hair. But Lily and her brothers have naturally straight hair.",
"Both of Lily's biological parents have naturally black hair.",
"When she was younger, Lily wore ribbons in her naturally black hair."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Let's face it.No one drinks die t soda for the taste.People drink diet soda in the hope that it will help them lose weight or at least keep them from gaining it.Yet it seems to have exactly the opposite effect, according to a new study. Researchers from the University of Texas said those who drank two or more diet sodas a day had waist size increases that were six times greater than those of people who didn't drink diet soda."What we saw was that the more diet sodas a person drank, the more weight they were likely to gain," said Sharon Fowler. The study was based on data from 474 participants in a large, ongoing research project, where the participants were followed for nearly l0 years. While the findings are surprising, they also offer some explanations. Nutrition expert, Melanie Rogers, who works with overweight patients in New York, has found that when patients are switched from regular to diet soda, they don't lose weight at all."We weren't seeing weight loss necessarily, and that was confusing to us," said Rogers. So why would diet soda cause weight gain? No one knows for sure yet, but it could be that people think they can eat more if they drink diet soda, and so over-compensate for the missing calories( ). A related study found some sweeteners raised blood sugar levels in some mice." Data from this and other potential studies suggest that the promotion of diet sodas and artificial sweeteners may be risky," said study researcher Helen P.Hazuda, professor at the University of Texas's school of medicine. Theymay be free of calories, but not of consequences. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?.
|
[
"Diet soda is good for your health",
"Diet soda may cause overweight",
"Sweeteners can raise blood sugar levels",
"A research about nutrition"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following elements is the least electrically conductive?
|
[
"sodium",
"tungsten",
"zinc",
"argon"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
After which event will ecological succession most likely happen?
|
[
"a forest fire",
"a thunderstorm",
"a high tide",
"a lunar eclipse"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.
|
[
"Great crested newts have moist brown skin with black spots. Adult great crested newts mostly live on land, but young newts live underwater. Great crested newt eggs do not have shells. The female newts wrap their eggs in leaves for protection.",
"Great blue herons have two wings with bluish-gray feathers. Their eggs also have bluish shells. Great blue herons use their beaks to catch and eat small fish, crabs, and other small animals."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What do these two changes have in common?
filtering air to remove dust and pollen
pouring milk on oatmeal
|
[
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When the traffic lights turn red, we will stop driving a car or crossing a street. Why is red used for traffic lights instead of other colors? As we know, scattering happens when light goes through the air. For the same media , if the _ is long, the sscattering will be short. If the wavelength is short, then the scattering will be long. Of all lights we can see, red has the longest wavelength. So the scattering is the weakest. That means the red light travels far. In fact, it travels farther on rainy days. Using the red light can help drivers in farther places see the lights. It helps drivers slow down or stop in time. So there will be fewer accidents. Moreover, red can also excite people. We can act more quickly when we see the color red. In a word, red lights help drivers stop in time and help prevent accidents. According to the passage, the scattering of the red light is the _ .
|
[
"longest",
"weakest",
"farthest",
"brightest"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A number of scientific studies have suggested that repeatedly heading a football could increase the risk of developing dementia in later life. In 2002, former England international footballer Jeff Astle died aged 59. A coroner said that Astle died from a brain disease likely to have been caused by "repeated small damages to the brain" related to heading a heavy leather football. Dr. Scott Delaney, research director of emergency medicine at McGill University Health Center in Montreal, Canada, has also researched soccer-related head injury and agrees that head-to-head or elbow-to-head blows are the real risk. In 2007, Delaney carried out a study on footballers aged between 12 and 17 that showed they were half as likely to be concussed wearing headgear than without. He said youngsters have a higher risk of head injury than adults because their heads are thinner and less able to absorb shock. To make matters worse, their neck muscles aren't as well developed and they often lack the correct heading technique that can help throw away the force of the ball. Delaney recommends that children wear headgear when playing football and says his two eldest children wear head protection playing the sport. But he admits that children can be unwilling to be the first to wear head protection--especially when their football heroes play without it. While headgear can protect footballers from being concussed during a match, no one knows the long-term effects of repeated "sub-concussive" blows to the head. Delaney says that while there is indirect evidence that a career in soccer can lead to dementia, no one has yet found a sure link between the two. He says proving a link would mean monitoring hundreds of footballers for three or four decades--and that would take a lot of funding. Children are unwilling to wear headgear because they think _ .
|
[
"headgear is harmful to their heads",
"headgear influences their skills",
"they should follow their idols",
"they mustn't lead the fashion"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In a series of chemical reactions, X→Y→Z→A, X converts to Y, Y converts to Z, and Z converts to A. Which term describes the process if the production of A interferes with the conversion of X to Y?
|
[
"a complimentary response",
"a control system",
"negative feedback",
"positive feedback"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
How long might a bear likely to remain its den without eating, drinking, or excreting after November?
|
[
"The first few weeks of December",
"Until it hears the call of the wild",
"For around twenty weeks",
"until hunters kill it for its pelt"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
St James's Palace has announced that while Miss Middleton will wear a wedding ring. Prince William has chosen not to. Rings are typically exchanged by couples during their wedding to represent commitment to each other. Does it matter if husbands don't wear a wedding ring? Prince William's father wears one, his grandfather doesn't and their decisions weren't seen as strange. But reactions to Prince William's decision show that wedding rings for husbands are now the norm. One young man, who spoke to the BBC, thinks William is setting a bad example, saying: "I think it's disgraceful . It's a tradition. You have to wear a ring really. And for someone of the royal family to do that, it's not right. " Broadly speaking, modem husbands tend to wear their wedding rings as a symbol of loyalty and faithfulness. So not wearing one can seem unusual or even dishonest to some, although men haven't always worn them. The wearing of wedding rings has been the done thing for centuries among wives but only became common practice among husbands during World War II. Men fighting overseas usually wore them as a reminder of wives and families back home. Wearing rings is a safety issue for men in certain manual jobs. But how does William explain his decision? A royal officer has said he "isn't one for jewelry". What would be the best title for this passage?
|
[
"To Wear Wedding Rings or Not",
"Complaint about British Royal Disgraceful Behavior",
"The History of Wearing Wedding Rings",
"No Ring for Wills"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you thought taking vitamins would reduce the risk of lung cancer, think again. Researchers who studied 77,721 people said on Friday that people who took too much vitamin E,especially smokers,had a small but higher risk of developing lung cancer. They tracked the subjects'use of multi-vitamins,vitamin C and vitamin E to see if it offered protection from lung cancer.But they found that none of the vitamins was tied to a reduced risk. "If you could find some sort of magic pill--a pill you could take once a day to decrease your risk--that would be wonderful.But unfortunately.we didn't find that in our study,"lead researcher Christopher Slatore,of the University of Washington Seattle,said. The subjects of the study were followed for four years,and 521 developed lung cancer,the majority of them smokers or former smokers,Slatore's team reported in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Among those in the study who developed lung cancer, the researchers saw a small increased risk related with vitamin E supplements in addition to the expected connections to smoking,family history and age. This added up to a 28 percent increased risk of developing lung cancer for those taking 400 mg of vitamin E supplements daily for 10 years,the researchers said. "For people--especially smokers--I suggest that they not take vitamin E(as a supplement) unless they have a very strong reason to take it." Slatore said. The idea that vitamin supplements are healthful,or at least not harmful.comes from the desire of many people to match the benefits of a healthful diet with a convenient pill,Tim Byers of the University of Colorado School of Medicine.wrote in an essay. What is the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Taking vitamins would reduce the risk of lung cancer.",
"Vitamins are no guard against lung cancer.",
"Vitamin supplements are convenient and magic.",
"Vitamins ale harmful,or at least not healthful."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In face of global warming, much effort has been focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions through a variety of strategies. But while much of the research and innovation has concentrated on finding less-polluting energy alternatives, it may be decades before clean technologies like wind and solar meet a significant portion of our energy needs. In the meantime, the amount of CO2 in the air is rapidly approaching the limits proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). "As long as we're consuming fossil fuels, we're putting out CO2," says Klaus Lackner, a geophysicist at Columbia University, "We cannot let the CO2 in the atmosphere rise indefinitely." That sense of urgency has increased interest in capturing and storing CO2, which the IPCC says could provide the more than 50% reduction in emissions needed to reduce global warming. "We see the potential for capture and storage to play an integral role in reducing emissions," says Kim Corley, Shell's senior advisor of CO2 and environmental affairs. That forward thinking strategy is gaining support. The U.S. Department of Energy recently proposed putting $1 billion into a new $2.4 billion coal-burning energy plant. The plant's carbon-capture technologies would serve as a pilot project for other new coal-burning plants. But what do you do with the gas once you've captured it? One option is to put it to new uses. Dakota Gasification of North Dakota captures CO2 at a plant that converts coal into synthetic natural gas. It then ships the gas 200 miles by pipeline to Canada, where it is pumped underground in oil recovery operations. In the Netherlands, Shell delivers CO2 to farmers who pipe it into their greenhouses, increasing their production of fruits and vegetables. However, scientists say that the scale of CO2 emissions will require vast amounts of long-term storage. Some propose storing the CO2 in coal mines or liquid storage in the ocean, Shell favors storing CO2 in deep geological structures such as saline formations and exhausted oil and gas fields that exist throughout the world. By using CO2, Dutch farmers have been able to _ .
|
[
"increase their production of fruits and vegetables",
"convert coal into synthetic natural gas",
"pump it underground in oil recovery operations",
"make exhausted oil and gas fields productive"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
iD Tech camps Camp Address: 910 E Hamilton Ave. Suite 300 Campbell, California 95008,USA Phone: (888) 709-8324 This summer, encourage the excellent in your child! At iD Tech Camps>> students age 7-17 can learn to code, design video games, engineer robots, model 3D characters, build websites, and Print 3D Capers meet new friends, learn STEM skills, and gain self-confidence. Alexa Cafestem Camp Camp Address:California, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois Phone: (212) 796-8350 This summer, encourage the excellent in your daughter. At Alexa Cafe, girls ages 10-15 d,discover technology in a unique environment that celebrates creativity, and puiamhropy . Girls learn engineering principles, code games, design websites' model and print 3D objects. A Water Planet Dolphine Therapy Camp Camp Address: 203 Greenwood Drive, Panama City Beach, Florida 32407, USA Phone: (850) 230-6030 1-week camp in Panama City Florida where children with Special Needs swim with dolphins. Water Planets dolphin therapy programs use the emotional impact of a dolphins meeting in his own environment combined with expressive art, massage, and music as a beneficial experience. iD Tech Mini Camp Address: a lot of places>> California and more, USA Phone:(323) 287-5580 This summer, encourage the awesome in your child! We've full every half-day camp session with tons of tech awesomeness. Kids ages 6-9 can discover programming, game design, or robotics. And with an emphasis on creativity and exploration, every camper becomes a maker of fun. What number had you better dial to make your kid's more confident?
|
[
"(888) 709-8324.",
"(212) 796-8350.",
"(850) 230-6030.",
"(323) 287-5580."
] | 0A
|
high_school_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is a problem with using wind turbines to produce energy?
|
[
"Wind turbines are efficient only in certain areas.",
"Wind turbines occupy a small area of land.",
"Wind turbines produce a large amount of energy.",
"Wind turbines create a large amount of pollution."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Height is just one of the thousands of features your genes decide. In fact, because you have two parents, your genes provide you a height that usually lands somewhere between the height of each parent. If both your parents are tall, then most probably you will be tall, too, but if you have questions about how tall you're going to be, ask your doctor if he or she can help you find it out. But genes don't decide everything. For example, eating an unhealthy diet can keep you from growing to your ideal height. Getting plenty of sleep and enough exercise will help you grow to the expected height. No doubt you're wondering how fast you should grow. It depends. There's no perfect or right answer. Generally speaking, kids grow about 2 inches (6 centimeters) a year between age 3 and the time when they start puberty (when your body starts changing and becoming more grown up). Your doctor will know how your growth has been going over the years. Two centimeters here and 2 inches there are not nearly as important as the height you're at now, how you've been growing up to this point, and what other changes your body may be going through. Don't be scared if you seem to have grown a lot in a very short time. Everyone has a growth spurt during puberty. The age for starting puberty is about 10 for girls and about 11 for boys. But it can be earlier or later ---between 7 and 13 for girls and 9 and 15 for boys. You'll usually begin to notice that you're growing faster about a year or so after your body starts to show the first changes of puberty. After reading this passage, we can explain _ .
|
[
"how good it is to be a doctor",
"how much sleep time we need",
"why genes can't decide everything",
"what healthy diet is"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sam was listing the differences between a euglena and a paramecium. Which characteristic should not be on Sam's list?
|
[
"only the euglena can respond to light",
"only the euglena have a definite shape",
"only the euglena use a flagellum to move",
"only the euglena can make their own food"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
In Indonesian 2-year-old boy who hit the headlines last month due to a 40-a-day cigarette addiction has reportedly cut down to 15-a-day from 40, after the child received treatment. Images of a two-year-old boy smoking cigarettes have shocked people in Indonesia. The little boy, Ardi Rizal from Sumatra, is addicted to nicotine and smokes 40 cigarettes a day. His father, Mohammed Rizal, thinks there's no problem with his son's bad habit. He told reporters that his child looked healthy and that it was the only thing that was important. He went on to explain how Ardi took up smoking when he was 18 months old. That was when he gave his son his first cigarette. Now he's totally _ ; he screams if his father doesn't let him smoke. Ardi's story is part of a worrying trend in Indonesia. It has one of the worst smoking records in the world, with a population of 250 million people. Government statistics show 25 percent of Indonesia teenagers have smoked and that about 3 percent are regular smokers. Indonesia is the world's third largest smoking nation. It is reported that over a third of the country smokes, and 90% of the country's smokers smoke a native cigarette which has twice the levels of tat and nicotine in an average cigarette used around the world. Cigarettes are everywhere and smoking is still seen as a socially acceptable practice. Many people in the country do not know the health risks connected with smoking. Health Minister Endang Sedyaningsih said preventing youngsters from smoking would be very difficult because people believe smoking is a good thing. She said tobacco companies are well like because they sponsor many things from education to sporting and public events. She added, " This is the challenge we face in protecting youth from the danger of smoking". It's not easy to forbid the youth to smoke because _ .
|
[
"the government is in favor of smoking",
"smoking is not considered a bad thing.",
"tobacco companies encourage people to smoke.",
"the youth have formed the habit of smoking."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
prefix = st1 /West Virginia--Public schools are using a dance video game to help get students in shape. In these schools, students are often told to turn off their video games and get some exercise. The schools have found a new way for their students to work out while playing a new video game. West Virginiais one of the heaviest states in the country. About half of its fifth-graders are considered to be overweight, and their parents are worried about that. To get them moving on a healthier path, the state's public schools are using a video game called "Dance Dance Revolution". To use the game, players should stand on a special mat in front of a TV screen. Following arrows on the screen, players must move their feet to the specific symbols on the mat. Players must move quickly, touching symbols on the mat at just the right time. With each song, they get more exercise. "It we can get children to change their behavior at a young age, they will hopefully grow up to be healthy and active adults," said Carl Callison of Mountain State Blue Cross, a health care company. West Virginiais ranked among the top three heaviest states. About a third of West Virginians are considred to be obese. Even more are considered to be overweight. Extra weight can lead to serious health problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes, some cancers, and many other health issues. "One out of three children born in West Virginia today will have diabetes by the time they grow up," said Nidia Henderson, a manager for the public employees' insurance program. "That's a terrible thing and not acceptable." All ofWest Virginia's 157 middle schools are using the video game. School officials hope that all public schools in the state will use the game within the next three years. However, officials emphasize that the game is not meant to _ physical education and health classes. The game will be part of physical education classes and after-school programs. Why do public school in West Virginiadevelop "Dance Dance Revolution"?
|
[
"Because most of students don't like dancing.",
"Because it can help students get a better shape.",
"Because losing weight is necessary to students.",
"Because it can make students'activities colourful."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I just mailed the chicken and the egg, each in its own separate packaging, and kept careful track of when each shipment was sent from a post office in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and when it later arrived at its intended destination inprefix = st1 /New York City. In mailing the chicken, I was careful to stick to the restrictions described in the American Postal Service's Domestic Mail Manual 57. This version of the Manual states that: "Adult chickens must be sent by Express Mail. The containers used must pass the standards in International Safe Transit Association Test Procedure 1A; be strong enough to endure normal handling; and the number of birds must not be more than the container's limit." I mailed the chicken in a wooden box got from a colleague who does research with birds, and mailed the egg in standard packaging obtained through an industrial supplier. I posted both the chicken and the egg at 9:40 am, on a Monday morning, from theHarvard Squarepost office, inCambridge,Massachusetts. The staff there told me that this was the first chicken anyone had mailed from there in recent memory, and perhaps ever. The intended destination for both packages was the James A. Farley General Post Office, which is located inManhattanright next to Penn Station. I took the subway from Harvard Square to the Boston train station, and from there boarded a train to New York City, a distance of about 320 kilometres, arriving that afternoon at Penn Station. I immediately went to the post office, to await the arrivals of the chicken and the egg. The James A. Farley General Post Office is open 24 hours a day, so I was able to wait there until both items arrived. That day, Monday, neither the chicken nor the egg arrived. The next day, Tuesday, neither the chicken nor the egg arrived. The chicken arrived at 10:31 am, Wednesday. The staff at the post office told me that this was the first chicken anyone had mailed to the post office in recent memory, and perhaps ever. The egg arrived that same day, at 9:37 pm, 11 hours after the chicken. So, it's now quite clear that the chicken came first, the egg second. According to the passage, the author _ .
|
[
"mailed the chicken and the egg in the same package",
"had mailed chickens in the same post office before",
"mailed the chicken and the egg in different post offices",
"mailed the chicken and the egg by Express Mail"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Watching a 3D movie can more than double the concentration powers and cognitive processing of children, a new research claims. A study made by visual technology firm RealD and led by child psychologist Dr Richard Woolfson suggests that childrenaged between 7 and 14 experienced twice the cognitive processing speed and performed better in testing after watching 20 minutes of a 3D film. This is despite suggestions that attention spans in children have shortened in the last decade due tounlimitedto access to entertainment, including on-demand TV, gaming and social media. A 2015 study claimed that watching 3D content had a similar effect to brain-training exercises. Consumer psychologist Mr Fagan said that the increasedstimulation found in watching something in 3D "exercised" the brain and improved performance in the short term. "3D films can play the role of 'brain-training' games and help to make children 'smarter' in the short term," he said. "The shortening of response times after watching 3D was almost three times as big as that gained from watching 2D; in other words, 3D helps children process aspects of their environment more quickly. This is likely to be because 3D is a mentallystimulatingexperience which 'gets the brain's juices flowing'." The experiment saw children given a range of cognitive tests before watching 20 minutes of a movie in either 2D or 3D and being tested again. The results showed those who saw the 3D content reacted faster and performed bettering the second round of testing. Mental engagement also rose by 13% among 3D watchers. Child psychologist Dr Woolfson added that "supportive parenting" and regularly listening to classical music can also aid a child's memory. Where does this passage probably come from?
|
[
"An exhibition guide.",
"A science textbook.",
"A science report.",
"An advertisement."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Walking in a farmers' market often brings one to explore new food options, and now more locally-farmed protein choices are available to help bridge the gap between our meals and the farms from which they originated. More and more local small farms are popping up in opposition to factory farms. Today's commercial farms do not fit the image that comes to mind while happily singing along to "Old MacDonald". Instead, most of the nation's food comes from CAFOs, Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, where animals are kept in tightly enclosed conditions as they are fattened up and readied to be killed for food. Fortunately, knowing exactly where one's food comes from has led to an increase in the availability of what is known as "grass-fed" beef. Technically, all cattle are grass-fed for at least a limited amount of time, but what makes the meat significant is that it is grass-finished, not force-fed corn, soy or grains. This change in diet makes all the difference since corn is not part of the cow's traditional diet, and therefore causes major health issues for it. To deal with the health issues, antibiotics are used and some of the antibiotics used to treat the cattle are similar to those given to humans, so they can decrease the effectiveness of medicine when a consumer is sick. A healthier diet for the cattle leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories. And when cooking grass-fed beef, you'd better use a slightly lower temperature to make it more delicious. Some medicines are less effective for beef consumers probably because_.
|
[
"some cattle feed on grains",
"all cattle eat grass",
"some medicines are used to treat sick cattle",
"some antibiotics are given to both cattle and people"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When I was a child, I was shocked at the idea that my sisters could be my best friends. Now, I wouldn't have it any other way. At the time, the idea of my two sisters being my closest friends seemed strange to me. We fought all the time over toys, food, attention, what to watch on television--you name it, and we quarreled about it at some point. How could my sisters be my best friends? They weren't the same age as I. We all had our own friends in school. My mother never let the three of us forget that sisters are lifelong friends. Her wish like most parents' was to give us something that she never had. Growing up as an only child, she longed for siblings. When she gave birth to three daughters, the fulfillment of her dream had only just begun. She had given each of us a gift and she wanted to make sure we did not take that gift for granted. She would frequently tell us how lucky we were. But there were other, more subtle ways that she encouraged us to grow closer. She never showed favoritism to one daughter over the other, as not to cause jealousy or bitterness between sisters. She constantly took us places together--skating, shopping and swimming, so that we developed common interests. And when we were teenagers, Mom always punished us equally, giving us yet another bonding experience. We didn't always get along beautifully and fought just like any other _ . But somewhere in between Mom's lectures, the family vacations and the shared memories, we realized that our mother was right. Today I share things with my sisters that I do with no one else. My sister Cindy and I ran the New York City Marathon together, side by side, even holding hands when we crossed the finish line. When my sister Karen got married, I was her maid of honor . Cindy and I traveled through Europe together and even shared an apartment for two years. The three of us trust each other with our greatest secrets. It was twenty-three years ago that my mother first asked me who my two best friends were. Today she doesn't have to. She already knows. As a child, the author was shocked at her mother's idea because _ .
|
[
"her sisters seemed strange to her",
"her sisters didn't like to be her friends",
"none of the girls had their own friends",
"they didn't have much in common"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everybody has a home. We people have homes,animals have homes,too. Some animals live under the ground. The woodchuck lives in holes under the ground. His home has two doors. If anybody comes in one door, he goes out from the other door. Some birds live in nests and trees. They come out for food in the day and go back to sleep at night. But many birds just live in the trees. Bees work hard to make their homes. There are many,many little rooms in their house... Cows ,sheep and chicks live in people's homes. And that is called farm. We see all kinds of animals in the zoo. It's a big home for lots of animals. Birds live _ .
|
[
"in holes",
"under the ground",
"on the farm",
"in nests and trees"
] | 3D
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day?
|
[
"42°C",
"42°F"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A black hole is created when a large star burns out. Like our sun, stars are unbelievably hot furnaces that burn their own matter as fuel. When most of the fuel is used up, the star begins to die. The death of a star is not a quiet event. First there is a huge explosion. As its outer layer is blasted off into space, the dying star shines as brightly as a billion suns. After the explosion gravity pulls in what's left of the star. As the outside of the star sinks toward the center, the star gets smaller and smaller. The material the star is made of becomes tightly packed together. A star is so dense that a teaspoon of matter from it weighs billion of pounds. The more the star shrinks, the stronger the gravity inside it becomes. Soon the star is very tiny, and the gravity pulling it in is unbelievably strong. In fact, the gravity is so strong that it even pulls light into the star! Since all the light is pulled in, none can go out. The star becomes black when there is no light. Then a black hole is born! That's what we know about black holes. What we don't know is this: What happens inside a black hole after the star has been squeezed into a tiny ball? Does it keep getting smaller and smaller forever? Such a possibility is hard to imagine. But if the black hole doesn't keep shrinking, what happens to it? Some scientists think black holes are like doorways to another world. They say that as the star disappears from our universe, it goes into another universe. In other words a black hole in our universe could turn into a "white hole" in a different universe. As the black hole swallows light, the white hole shines brightly--somewhere else. But where? A different place, perhaps, or a different time -- many years in the past or future. Could you travel through a black hole? Right now, no. Nothing we know of could go into a black hole without being crushed. So far the time being, black hole must remain a mystery. Black holes are a mystery--but that hasn't stopped scientists from dreaming about them. One scientist suggested that in the future we might make use of the power of black holes. They would supply all of Earth's energy needs, with plenty to spare. Another scientist wondered if a black hole could some day be used to swallow earthly waste--a sort of huge waste disposal in the sky! What's the best title for this passage?
|
[
"A New Scientific Discovery: Black Holes",
"How Do Black Holes Come Into Being?",
"What Are Black Holes?",
"Travel Through A Black Hole"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
During which of the processes below does water vapor change to liquid water?
|
[
"melting",
"freezing",
"evaporation",
"condensation"
] | 3D
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a small candy bar?
|
[
"50 kilograms",
"50 grams"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which would likely result in a chemical change?
|
[
"a piece of paper in marbles",
"a piece of meat submerged in lemon juice",
"a blade of grass in sand",
"a piece of cotton in water"
] | 1B
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the solid.
|
[
"knife",
"vinegar",
"water droplets",
"water from a faucet"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
An earthquake in the Earth's crust under the ocean releases sound waves. Which statement accurately describes how the sound waves spread?
|
[
"They spread in all directions away from their source.",
"They remain trapped near the source by water pressure.",
"They travel mostly horizontally along the ocean floor.",
"They travel mostly upward toward the surface of the water."
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You may not have heard the words "freshman fifteen" before, but they are very important for students who are entering university. A freshman is a first-year college student. "Fifteen" refers to fifteen pounds--the fifteen pounds added to a student's weight in his or her first year. There are a number of reasons why first-year university students gain (n) weight; but it's encouraging to know that freshmen don't have to add these harmful fifteen pounds. Mistakes choosing food University kitchens serve many kinds of food. Some students choose unhealthy food,because now their parents are not nearby to help them choose. Some students visit the kitchen many times while studying. Late at night, some students get harmful fast food such as fish and chips with Coke to drink. Students also have less time for walking, running, and doing sports because of their schoolwork. Eating right If you,re careful, you don,t have to add fifteen pounds. Here are some ideas: l Think more about what you eat. l Eat plenty of vegetables and healthy meats. l Don't eat desserts full of sugar; have fruit after dinner. l Try not to eat so much unhealthy food while you study. l It,s all right to have a little fast food sometimes--but not often. l Write down the foods you eat. l Walk, run, do sports--move and you will feel better! Remember that the "freshman fifteen" can happen to anyone. Talk to your friends about it. Together, try to eat healthy food and not to eat unhealthy food. Walking, running, and playing sports is always more fun with friends. Help each other and you can have a healthy and happy freshman year. Which of these mistakes students make choosing food is not mentioned in the reading?
|
[
"Choosing unhealthy food.",
"Visiting the kitchen while studying.",
"Getting fast food at night.",
"Eating too much chocolate."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists who disagree with the results of an experiment should
|
[
"change the experiment.",
"keep their opinions to themselves.",
"find out what other scientists think about the results.",
"repeat the experiment several times and compare results."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
It was only a few weeks after my surgery, and I went to Dr. Belt's office for a checkup. It was just after my first chemotherapy treatment. My scar was still very tender. My arm was numb underneath. As usual, I was taken to an examination room to have my blood drawn, again --a terrifying process for me, since I'm so frightened of needles. I lay down on the examining table. Ramona entered the room. Her warm smile was familiar, and stood out in contrast to my fears. She knew about my fear of needles, and she kindly hid the equipment under a magazine. As we opened the blouse, the fresh scar on my chest could be seen. She said, "How is your scar healing?" I said, "I think pretty well. I wash around it gently each day." The memory of the shower water hitting my numb chest flashed across my face. She gently reached over and ran her hand across the scar, examining the smoothness of the healing skin and looking for any irregularities. I began to cry gently and quietly. She brought her warm eyes to mine and said, "You haven't touched it yet, have you?" And I said, "No." So this wonderful, warm woman laid the hand on my chest and she gently held it there. For a long time, I continued to cry quietly. In soft tones she said, "This is part of your body. This is you. It's okay to touch it." But I couldn't. So she touched it for me. The scar. The healing wound. And beneath it, she touched my heart. Then Ramona said, "I'll hold your hand while you touch it." So she placed her hand next to mine, and we both were quiet. That was the gift that Ramona gave me. Ramona hid the equipment under a magazine to _ .
|
[
"cheer me up",
"rid my fear",
"make me amused",
"tease me"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When stratospheric ozone levels are reduced, the amount of ultraviolet radiation hitting Earth increases. Ozone depletion is most often caused
|
[
"by the reversal of the magnetic field of Earth.",
"when fluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere.",
"when electromagnetic waves from the Sun increase.",
"by abrupt changes in weather and climate patterns."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
England has a longstanding problem with youngsters dropping out of training. Almost half of 17-year-olds in some parts of England have dropped out of fulltime education or training. The statistics show 49% in Thurrock and 44% in Salford have dropped out of school or job training. Across England,31%of 17-year-olds are not in education or training. The figures also reveal deep regional divides,with wealthier areas such as Richmon and Harrow recording18% of 17-year-olds out of official education. The statistics confirm England's poor international standing for staying-on rates in education. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development considers England's drop-out rates as among the worst among the industrialised countries. Regionally,the statistics show Yorkshire and the Humber have the highest rate of 17-year-olds not in full-time education or work-based training at 35%. Outer London has the highest staying-on rate,with l3%of 17-year-olds having dropped out of official learning. In the east of England this figure stands at 31%and at 29%in the South West. Edward Davey,Liberal Democrat Shadow Education Secretary,said the government "should be ashamed"that so many youngsters were dropping out of school. A spokesman for the Department for Education and Skills said the government had carried out a series of reforms,with aPS2.5 billion rise in funding for further education. The statistics mentioned in the text show that _ .
|
[
"industrialised countries have more problems with youngsters dropping out of school",
"England has a higher rate of youngsters not in education among the industrialised countries",
"in England different regions have the same rate of 17-year-olds dropping out of school",
"more than half of 17-year-olds in England are not in full--time education or training time education"
] | 1B
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Coffee is one of the most popular drinks throughout the world today. In fact, according to some estimates, over 30% of all adults in the world drink coffee at least once a day on the average. Coffee contains a kind of drug called caffeine. Caffeine is a chemical that stimulates the nerves of the body. Drinking coffee tends to make people a little bit more awake--at least for a short time--because of this stimulating effect on the nervous system. A cup of coffee has, on the average, about 3% caffeine in it. One story of the discovery of the coffee plant relates to this effect of caffeine. According to the story, coffee was discovered in East Africa. The story says that coffee was first found by a goat farmer named Kaldi. This was about the year 850. Kaldi was leading his animals through the mountains and the goats were stopping repeatedly to eat the plants near the path. Suddenly, some of the goats started jumping up and down in a very strange way. Kaldi figured out that the goats were acting this way because of the plants they were eating. Kaldi himself tried eating some of the green beans that the goats had been eating. He, too, felt the stimulating effect of the beans. Kaldi wanted to prove what had happened, so he picked some of the beans and took them back to the village, where he told his story. The green bean got the name "Kaffa" and later "coffee" because the beans were discovered in a place called Kaffa in Africa. Then for years, people used to eat a few of the green Kaffa beans when they were in the mountains and needed extra energy to do their work. It was later found that the coffee beans could be picked and then dried until they turned brown, and then they could be stored. If the beans were dried and stored, they could be used at any time. Why did the green bean get the name "Kaffa"?
|
[
"Because Kaldi loved his home village very much.",
"Because Kaldi's goats loved the green bean very much.",
"Because the beans were discovered in a place by this name.",
"Because the beans could be picked and dried."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Desalinating water from the what deals with removing salt?
|
[
"helps them out",
"rain from mountains",
"oceanic liquids",
"trees watered"
] | 2C
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Glass can become a liquid if
|
[
"it is baked",
"it is frozen",
"it is dampened",
"it is dyed"
] | 0A
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
London has a new magazine. But it's not printed on paper. Everyone who has a television can receive it because it is on TV. In order to read this magazine you have to have a _ . Each page of it is numbered, so you only have to dial the number to choose which subject you want to read about. There's a wide choice--- everything is included from cooking to the latest sports news. If you want to read the news, the first thing you have to do is to turn to the index page which has an easy-to-remember page number, 100 for example. Then you start choosing what you want to read. The news is on pages 101 to 109, so you push out the numbers and the news appears written across your screen. Perhaps you want to go out in the afternoon, so you press 181, and a brightly colored weather map appears on the screen. But the weather is terrible so you decide to go shopping and dial 162 for a list of the week's best bargains. But should you drive or take the train ? To answer the question you only have to press 189 for the traffic report. It's very simple to use. But probably the best thing about the service is that it's being updated all the time. Journalists type new material directly onto the screen and whole pages of the magazine can be replaced in minutes. London has already had three services. One, transmitted by ITV, is called ORACLE, while the other two, on BBC, are called CEEFAX, because they let you see facts. Although CEEFAX and ORACLE have been operating for some time, they have not been well publicized. BBC engineers do not think that their idea will ever replace books and newspapers because they can be taken with you everywhere. But many people agree that this is a breakthrough as great as the invention of printing, which could change not just our reading habits but our whole way of life. It's clearly seen from the passage that _ .
|
[
"it takes long for the service of the magazine to be updated",
"most of the postmen will be out of work someday",
"the readers can get all kinds of information without leaving home",
"everyone can read the magazine if there is a television at hand"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Metamemory refers to
|
[
"Semantic memory",
"Knowledge about memory",
"Long-term memory for major events",
"All memory components together"
] | 1B
|
human_aging
|
mmlu
|
Mars appears to be flowing with small streams of salty water,at least in the summer,scientists reported Monday."It suggests that.it would be possible for there to be life today on Mars,"NASA's science mission chief,John Grunsfeld,said at a news conference on September 28,2015. The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet or more long,scientists said."What we're dealing with is wet soil.thin layers of wet soil,not standing water,"said Aifred McEwen of the University of Arizona at Tueson!the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's high-resolution imaging experiment. Because liquid water is essential to life,the findings could have major implications for the possibility of Martian life.The researchers said further exploration is needed to determine whether microscopic life exists on the planet. The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or living on Mars.Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxygen and rocket fuel.NASA's goal is to send humans there in the 2030s. The evidence of flowing water consists largely of dark,narrow streaks on the surface that tend to appear and grow during the warmest Martian months and fade the rest of the year. Mars is extremely cold even in summer,and the streaks are in places where the temperature is as low as minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit.But salt can lower the freezing point of water and melt ice. The source of the water is a mystery.Scientists noted it could be melting ice.It could be an underground aquifer,which is rock or sand that can hold water.It is possibly water vapor from the thin Martian atmosphere,Or it may be a combination Michael Meyer,lead scientist for NASA's Mars exploration program,said the only definitive way for now to determine whether there's life on Mars is to collect rocks and soil for analysis on Earth - something a U.S.lander set for lift-off in 2020 will do. According to John Grunsfeld,there seems to be _ on Mars.
|
[
"salty water",
"standing water",
"rocket fuel",
"human beings"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student has a pink eraser on her desk. Which property shows that the eraser is a solid?
|
[
"Its color stays the same when it is broken in half.",
"Its temperature goes up when it is rubbed on paper.",
"Its shape is definite when it is placed in a new spot.",
"Its size changes when it is used to remove pencil marks."
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a car key?
|
[
"3 miles",
"3 inches",
"3 feet",
"3 yards"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In 1986, when Monty Reed was a member of the Army Rangers ( ), he had an accident. "It was a night jump, and we were jumping low," he recalls. "We were training. Somebody got too close to my parachute ."The parachute below blocked Reed's air and his parachute failed to open. Reed crashed a hundred feet to the ground, breaking his back in five places. The next morning, Reed could not move. "Doctors said it was likely that I would never walk again." Reed stared out of his hospital window, wondering what the future would be like. It was the saddest moment of his life. "The experts are telling me my body doesn't work! What am I supposed to do?" he thought. To distract himself, he picked up a book: Robert Heinlein's Starship Troopers. The science-fiction describes a set of man-made muscles that would allow people to carry 2,000 pounds. He thought that if he could build something like that, it might be able to lift him out of his wheelchair. So he began his project and finally succeeded in building a set of robot legs. Several years later, he made an amazing recovery and was able to get up and walk away from his wheelchair. He even jumped out of an airplane again to celebrate. Reed wanted to do something for others with the second chance that life had given him. He has now perfected the robot legs that can get the injured, the elderly and the paralyzed out of their wheelchairs. Now he has started his own company to make the legs. "I've seen them compete in marathons and go swimming and mountain climbing," he said. "So never give up!" Which of the following is TRUE about Monty?
|
[
"He didn't lose heart in the face of difficulty.",
"He is fond of reading science fiction.",
"He spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair.",
"He didn't believe what the doctors said."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb,you're wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms . Here,people are learning on special climbing walls. The climbing wall goes straight up and has small holding places for hands and feet. How do people climb the wall? To climb,you need special shoes and a harness around your chest to hold you. There are ropes tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you don't fall. A beginner's wall is usually about 15 feet high,and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it's easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it's not. The most difficult part is to control your fear. It's normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it's difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall,the harness and the ropes hold you,and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top. Climbing attracts people because it's good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body,especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete _ . When you climb,both your mind and your body can become stronger. What can we infer from the passage?
|
[
"People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays.",
"It is impossible to build up one's body by climbing.",
"People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.",
"It is always easy to see holding places in climbing."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cats are most closely related to which of the following animals?
|
[
"crocodiles",
"whales",
"frogs",
"penguins"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Brooke Martin's golden retriever Kayla hated being left alone or separated. She would howl, pace, and chew on things. Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets. She wondered: --What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone? Working with her father in their garage, the 16-year-old came up with several ideas. Finally, she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets! She calls the device iCPooch. --The dog doesn't have to answer the call,explains Brooke. --It comes up immediately on the screen on their end. It's a two-way audio and video--you can see and hear each other.With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat! Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students. These finalists, selected based on their short video presentations, are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St. Paul, Minn. After Martin's video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson, a product development scientist in 3M's consumer health care division. --I just lead her down the product development path,Langer-Anderson told Live Science. This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product, which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog's end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate. One thing I have thought about a lot is, what happens if while the device is on the floor, what if your dog knocks it over, or scratches the screen? Martin said. She and Langer-Anderson discussed this, and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floors to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws. The finalists create models they can test, with the guidance from a mentor. Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling. Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method, testing their hypothesis, in a determined way, --so the kids don't get buried in data.she said. iCPoochcalms pet dogs by _ .
|
[
"allowing video chat",
"making dogs sleep",
"answering the call",
"giving them food"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Running Running is good for people with too much fat because it can help them become slim. It also makes people strong. But it may be bad for joints . If we don't feel comfortable in our joints, we should stop for another activity. Walking Walking makes our bodies relaxed . It can also help people to be slim. Swimming Swimming is a great way to make different places of your body strong. But it is not a good way to keep slim. The water in a swimming pool is cooler than our body. The body protects itself from the cold by keeping fat. Cycling Riding a bike will help us be slim and make our legs strong, too. But be careful! If you live in the city, you should ride on the bike road and be away from the busy traffic. What does the passage tell us about?
|
[
"Four outdoor activities.",
"Four ways of travelling.",
"Four reasons why we need sports.",
"Four good things of sports."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia ,prefix = st1 /Canada, led the international team that did the study . Professor Worm says species have recently been disappearing from oceans at increasing speed . At this rate , he says , all seafood species could collapse could collapse by 2048 . Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments . But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty in fifty tears . Some scientists said parts of the world do have problems , but others are doing a good job of protecting fish populations . Government officals in several countries with large fishing industries also questioned the research . The study appeared earlier this month in Science magazine . The researchers say damage to oceans affects not only fish populations but also the productivity of ecosystems . These complex systems help control water quality . The scientists say the loss of different kinds of sea life appeared to increase the f fish kills and beach closures from harmful algae growth . The scientist examined the results of thirty-two experiments and observed forty-eight protected areas . They also looked at records of catches worldwide . They studied records from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization from nineteen fifty to two thousand three . And they examined archeological information and other historical records for twelve coastal areas . That research back over a thousand years . Boris Worm says the findings were , in his words , " beyond anything we suspected . " But he also said the situation is not too late to correct . He said that with good fisheries management , some species could completely recover in three to ten years . Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE ?
|
[
"It's too late to take action to improve the situation",
"Some species will recover without efforts",
"Boris Worm hopes that people take their warning seriously",
"Boris Worm shoes great concern about ecosystem"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What will you be doing when you are 26 years old? Studying at university or working for a living? Take a look at what Albert Einstein was doing at the age of 26. 100 years ago, Einstein was working in Switzerland. His hobby was physics. Without much money or help, he wrote five papers for a physics magazine. Three of these greatly changed the study of physics and our understanding of space, time, light and matter . His most famous work is on the Theory of Relativity . Einstein was given the Nobel Prize for his discoveries. Although he also did many other things later, the years 1905 has been called Einstein's "Year of Wonders". It has been 100 years since then. Because of this, the UN has named 05 the World Year of Physics. Today, over fifty years after Einstein's death, a question is asked, " Will there ever be another Einstein?" It may take a long time. After all, Einstein was born more than 200 years after Sir Isaac Newton, another great scientist. Besides, physics is a different field now, and education is different, too. Even if you can't be the next great scientist, it is still helpful to remember some of the things that made Einstein great. He thought independently and read widely. He left with us a formula for life: If A is a success in life, then A="X+Y+Z." X is work, Y is play, and Z is keeping your mouth shut. Why hasn't there been another scientist as great as Einstein?
|
[
"Because the study of physics is not enough.",
"Because it is hard to make important discoveries as Einstein did.",
"Because people don't work hard any more.",
"Because physics is getting more and more difficult."
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the plant.
|
[
"Tulips have a green stem.",
"Bald eagles walk and fly."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The other morning on the subway I sat next to an attractive young blonde woman who was reading something on her iPad. She was very well-dressed, carrying a Prada bag with tastefully applied make-up indeed, she had an unmistakable air of wealth, material success and even authority. I suspected she worked as a highly-paid Wall Street lawyer or stockbroker or something of that sort. So, I was curious to see what she was so focused on. The Wall Street Journal perhaps? The Economist? Quite the contrary; rather, she was concentrating on a romance novel. Then I realized that I have known many women who love romance novels--smart, attractive, successful, "liberated," modem females who nonetheless find some kind of deep satisfaction and thrill from those hyper-romantic, artificial and extremely unrealistic tales of handsome, manly heroes falling in love with virginal women, enduring a series of adventures, then no doubt having a happy ending. _ . Yet, the genre remains enormously popular. Consider some of these surprising statistics from the good folks at the Romance Writers of America (RWA): *More than 9,000 romance titles were released last year, with sales of about $1.44 billion (more than triple the revenues generated by classic literary fiction). *More than 90 percent of the market are women (okay, that's not at all surprising). * Readers are typically women between the ages 30 and 54 who are themselves involved in a romantic relationship (betraying the stereotype that only lonely women long for these tales of love and adventure). *Almost 40 percent of romance book consumers have an annual income of between $50,000 and $99,900 (placing them firmly in the middle class). I had thought that romance novels accounted for a very small share of the literary market, so I was quite surprised that this part has such enormous popularity. But I must wonder why so many women--forty years after the women's liberation movement continue to indulge in the fanciful tales? I'm not sure if it represents a kind of "rejection" of the women's liberation movement, but clearly something is missing in the lives of contemporary ladies. A romance author named Donna Hatch who focuses on the Regency period (early 19th century Britain) explained the appeal of such books this way: "Regency men were civilized and treated women with courtesy. When a lady entered the room, gentlemen stood, doffed their hats, offered an arm, bowed, and a hundred other little things I wish men still did today. But they were also very athletic; they hunted, raced, boxed, rode horses. They were manly. Strong. Noble. Honorable. And that is why I love them!" Mrs. Hatch may have expressed the secret desires and attitudes of untold millions of her peers---that is, in the early 21st century, have women grown tired of the burdens and expectations that the "freedoms" they have gained give them? Is this a rejection of modem feminism? Do women long for days of old when men were masculine gentlemen and women were feminine and protected as precious treasures and regarded as possessions? Perhaps most women (even the ones who get lost in romance novels) do not want to go all the way back but it is obvious, _ . In the author's opinion, what is missing in the lives of contemporary women?
|
[
"Authority.",
"Dignity.",
"Liberty.",
"Care."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is an ice skate?
|
[
"34 centimeters",
"34 kilometers",
"34 meters"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Hot yoga is not terribly different from regular yoga. You will do the same poses and will need a yoga mat. However, the catch is that the temperature will be at least 100 degrees Fahrenheit and sometimes higher. The heat is what makes this type of yoga not for everyone. Regardless of your overall health, talk to your doctor before taking a hot yoga class and let your doctor know that you plan to take one. I personally cannot do hot yoga due to a condition that is greatly worsened by temperature extremes, so I am an example of someone who cannot do this form of exercise. I do regular yoga just fine, but the temperature of 100 degrees Fahrenheit would be severely uncomfortable and possibly dangerous. The climate is said to help with muscle flexibility and you will sweat like there is no tomorrow-- which is believed to force out more toxins .It is important to keep in mind that even if you are in good health, the high temperatures can take some getting used to. You may want to start with a shorter class and work your way up. You will be sweating greatly in hot yoga temperatures. Drink plenty of water before, during and after your class. It is also important to pay attention to your body. If you are feeling very tired, it is time to sit down and get some water. You should also remove yourself from the hot environment, but not into a very cold environment. For example, just go into a hallway--a place that is at a normal temperature and start to drink some water. Things like heat stroke are possible with this type of yoga. These issues are most often seen in those over 60 years of age, but younger people with chronic health problems are also at risk. Anyone can fall victim to heat stroke. Children are also especially vulnerable to heat stroke, so leave the kids at home while you attend your yoga class. If during class you ever start to feel bad or weak, immediately stop and tell your instructor so that he or she can get you help. Do not try to finish the class. Why do people take up hot yoga?
|
[
"It is the most popular and effective exercise.",
"It works the muscles and forces out toxins.",
"It makes people get used to high temperature.",
"It prevents heat stroke and chronic disease."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A person discovers a dinosaur skeleton in their backyard under a lot of dirt. The skeleton is lacking the bright whiteness of bones, because it is
|
[
"filled with beer",
"covered in salt",
"trapped in stone",
"smooth with wires"
] | 2C
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you want to have a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or just can't understand what you are going through? Anne Frank chose the first kind. She lived in Amsterdam during World War II. Her family was Jewish so they had to hide, or they would be caught by the German soldiers. She and her family hid away for two years before they were discovered. During this time the only true friend was her diary, which she called Kitty. In a diary dated on Thursday 15 June, 1944, she wrote, "Dear Kitty, I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so mad about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me puzzled. That's changed since I was here for a year and a half." In her diary on Thursday 15, June, 1944, Anne expressed her strong wish for _ .
|
[
"friendship",
"schooling",
"free life",
"free weather"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two students are asked to make a chart on the electromagnetic spectrum. Reading left to right, one student's chart shows the spectrum from gamma rays to radio waves, while the other student's chart shows the opposite. If the teacher says that both charts are correct, then
|
[
"it does not matter how the students label their charts.",
"there are multiple ways to organize information.",
"the waves have the same properties.",
"the students are being encouraged to do their work."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
BEIJING--Apple Inc is one step closer to beginning sales of iPad2 tablet computers with cellular network compatibility for the first time in the Chinese mainland, where the consumer-electronics giant is _ an aggressive expansion. According to China's Telecommunication Equipment Certification Center, a device by Apple with third-generation high-speed wireless data capabilities was issued the network access license needed for the company to begin official sales in China.The device, listed under model number "A1396", is compatible with the 3G standard WCDMA, and would work with the cellular network operated by Apple's local iPhone partner, China Unicom (Hong Kong) Ltd. China Unicom declined to comment. Apple already offers the 3G iPad2 in Hong Kong through its partners, but currently only offers Wi-Fi versions of the device in the Chinese mainland.Still, consumers in China, which according to research firm IDC surpassed the US as the world's largest PC market in the second quarter, have been purchasing 3G tablets through unofficial channels. Separately, Apple spokeswoman Carolyn Wu said Sept 6 that the company's first Hong Kong store, set to open this quarter, will be located in the city's central shopping and business district in the International Finance Center's upscale IFC mall, a commercial center and sightseeing spot along the city's waterfront.Wu also said that Apple is planning a new store in Shanghai later this quarter, which will be its biggest store in China.She declined to give more details or to comment on the 3G iPad2. Apple currently has four full-service Apple stores in the mainland, which receive the most traffic of any Apple stores in the world.The company otherwise relies on resellers to get its products into the market. The new stores reflect Apple's confidence in rising demand for its products such as smart phones and tablet computers.Sales in the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan helped boost the company's third-quarter results, newly appointed Chief Executive Tim Cook said in July.China revenue surged six-fold to about $3.8 billion during the three months ended June 25. "This has been a substantial opportunity for Apple and I firmly believe that we're just scratching the surface right now," Cook said at the time, referring to strong sales in China."I see an incredible opportunity for Apple there." From China Daily 2011-09-08 How many full-service Apple stores in China?
|
[
"4.",
"6.",
"8.",
"Unknown."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are many differing thoughts on the effectiveness of hypnosis as a kind of treatment. However, scientific studies seem to have concluded that hypnosis is not only a true kind of treatment but also highly effective. There have been a number of controlled studies in recent decades and they all seem to agree hypnosis most definitely does work. Within this essay I will discuss just two of many studies about hypnosis and how they show that hypnosis works. In a study released in the Journal of Clinical Psychology to test the helpfulness of hypnosis in losing weight, 109 volunteers (ranging from the age of 17 to 67) completed a behavioral treatment either with or without the addition of hypnosis. The treatment took nine weeks and during return check-ups both eight months and two years after the treatment the people who used hypnosis showed a continued weight loss rate much higher than the people who didn't. Those who used hypnosis were much better at achieving their ideal weight goals. In 2009, researchers at Hull University found that hypnosis had an influence on brain scans. This shows that hypnosis had an influence on brain activity that can be picked up on brain scans. This shows that hypnosis is not just a placebo treatment as some doubters claim it is. "Our study shows hypnosis is real," said British psychologist Dr. Michael Heap who was involved in the study. This piece of research shows that hypnosis works and also exactly how it works. There are also studies proving that hypnosis works for pain relief, improving skin quality, improving confidence as well as helping with many other problems. If you've ever thought about using hypnosis but were not sure whether it would work for you, you should now have all the proof you need to use hypnosis with confidence. We learn from the 2009 study that hypnosis _ .
|
[
"does not really work",
"is just a kind of comfort",
"can help improve confidence",
"has visible function on the brain"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Vince investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do cloth towels dry faster if they are hung in the laundry room or in the backyard?",
"Does a small cloth towel or a large cloth towel dry faster when hung in the backyard?",
"When hung in the laundry room, do black cloth towels or white cloth towels dry more quickly?"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In a lab investigation, students use Brand X batteries in a flashlight and Brand Y batteries in a radio. After two hours, the flashlight stops working, but the radio continues to work. As a result, the students conclude that Brand Y batteries last longer. Which statement about the conclusion of the investigation is most accurate?
|
[
"The conclusion is valid because they tested two different brands.",
"The conclusion is invalid because the test had multiple variables.",
"The conclusion is valid because they conducted the investigation in a lab.",
"The conclusion is invalid because the real names of the batteries were hidden."
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If 100 grams of vinegar and 5 grams of baking soda are poured in a container, a small amount of gas will be produced. What will the final mass of the products be if the gas is trapped in the container?
|
[
"100 grams",
"104 grams",
"105 grams",
"110 grams"
] | 2C
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people rely on a cup of coffee or two to wake them up in the morning or refresh them during the working day, but now a chemist has come up with a speedy alternative to drinking coffee. U.S. biochemist Ben Yu has created 'Sprayable Energy', which claims to be the world's first caffeine - based topical energy spray. He said tired workers can spray a 'shot' of caffeine onto their skin without experiencing a strong noise, taking in unnecessary calories or being stuck with a nasty aftertaste like they might get from drinking energy drinks or coffee. The tasteless caffeine spray is absorbed through the skin and spread through the body over a number of hours to deliver a caffeine hit that lasts longer than drinking a cup of coffee. The only active ingredient in the spray is caffeine, which is very similar to nicotine in structure. Each spray 'Sprayable Energy' contains around a quarter of the amount of caffeine found in a cup of coffee, but apparently has the same effect as a full cup. The website said: "The reason for this is our product isn't entirely metabolized by the liver before entering your system and becoming available to your body." Sprayable Energy's website recommends that users apply the spray in places where they normally spritz perfume, such as wrists, the neck or behind the ears, but warns users not to exceed 20 times a day. It claims that after spraying the product on the skin, users will feel awake and focus without being over-excited, which is common with coffee and energy drinks. Which of the body may not be suitable to apply "Sprayable Energy"?
|
[
"The neck.",
"Behind the ears.",
"Wrists.",
"Mouth."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The surprising experiment I am about to describe proves that air is all around you and that it presses down upon you. Air pressure is a powerful force. When you swim underwater, you can feel water pushing on your body. The air all around you does the same. However, your body is so used to it that you do not notice this. The pressure is caused by a layer of air called the atmosphere. This layer surrounds the Earth, extending to about five kilometers above the Earth's surface. The following experiment is an easy one that you can do at home. But make sure that you are supervised , because you will need to use matches. Now for the experiment. What you need * hard-boiled egg without the shell * A bottle with a neck slightly smaller than the egg * A piece of paper * A match Method 1) Check that the egg will sit firmly on the neck of the bottle. 2) Tear the paper into pieces and put them into the bottle. 3) Light the paper by dropping a burning match into the bottle. 4) Quickly sit the egg on the neck of the bottle. Result Astonishingly, the egg will be sucked into the bottle. Your friends will be amazed when you show them the experiment. But be careful when you handle matches. Why it happened? As the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen (air) in the bottle. The egg acts as a scale in the neck of the bottle, so no more air can get inside. This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle. The air pressure must equalize, so more air from outside must enter the bottle. The outside air presses against the egg, and then the egg is pushed into the bottle! This proves that air is all around and that it is pressing down on us. How did the egg get into the bottle?
|
[
"The oxygen inside the bottle sucked the egg in.",
"It became soft without the shell.",
"The neck of the bottle was wide enough.",
"The outside air pressure forced it into the bottle."
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What will reflect the most light
|
[
"A car tire",
"A bath towel",
"sheet of paper",
"silver spoon"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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