question
stringlengths 4
6.54k
| choices
listlengths 2
5
| answer
class label 4
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stringclasses 32
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stringclasses 4
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Water at 20°C in an uncovered pan is evaporating very slowly. What could be done to the water to make it evaporate more quickly?
|
[
"Cover it.",
"Heat it.",
"Place it in the dark.",
"Put salt in it."
] | 1B
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For many years, I was convinced that my suffering was due to my size . I believed that when the weight disappeared, it would take old wounds , hurts and rejections with it . Many weight-conscious people also mistakenly believe that changing our bodies will fix everything. Perhaps our worst mistake is believing that being thin equals being loved , being special , and being cherished . We fantasize about what it will be like when we reach the long-awaited goal .We work very hard to realize this dream . Then , at last , we find ourselves there . But we often gain back what we have lost . Even so , we continue to believe that next time it will be different . Next time , we will keep it off . Next time , being thin will finally fulfill its promise of everlasting happiness , self-worth , and , of course , love . It took me a long while to realize that there was something more for me to learn about beauty . Beauty standards vary with culture . In Samoa a woman is not considered attractive unless she weighs more than 200 pounds . More importantly , if it's happiness that we want , why not put our energy there rather than on the size of our body ? Why not look inside ? Many of us strive hard to change our body , but in vain . We have to find a way to live comfortably inside our body and make friends with and cherish ourselves . When we change our attitudes toward ourselves , the whole world changes . The passage tries to highlight the importance of_.
|
[
"body size",
"different beauty standards",
"culture difference",
"attitudes toward life"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which property of an object can be described as smooth?
|
[
"color",
"odor",
"size",
"texture"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If your body is hot, it will cool down if you put what on it
|
[
"hot water",
"an ice pack",
"Fire",
"the sun"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's hard to make friends if you stay at home alone all the time. Get out of house and do things that will put you in touch with other people. It's easier to make friends when you have similar interests. Don't be afraid to show people what you're really good at. Talk about things you like and do best. People will be interested in you if there is something interesting about you. Look at people in the eyes when you talk to them. That way , they'll find it easier to talk to you. Be a good listener. Let people talk about themselves before talking about "me ,me, me" Try to make friends with the kinds of people you really like, respect and admire ,not just with those who we are easy to meet. Be friends with a lot of people .That way ,you 'll have a bigger group of people to choose and have more chances for making friends. What's the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Tell us not to study at home all the time.",
"Tell us only to make friends with people you like.",
"It's hard to make friends if you stay at home.",
"Tell us how we can make more friends"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Man-made nighttime lights have appeared everywhere in industrialized countries over the last century.What people are now asking is whether exposure to lightened darkness can affect the brain. To find out,Tracy Bedrosian,a doctoral student in neuroscience at Ohio State University,placed hamsters into two environments.In one,they were exposed to 16 hours of daylight and eight hours of complete darkness each day.In the other,the animals experienced 16 hours of daylight,but at nighttime,a dim light was kept on,at about the intensity of a TV screen lighting a dark room. After eight weeks,the researchers tested the hamsters for behavior that would suggest they were depressed.For example,they looked to see whether the hamsters still engaged in activities they normally enjoy,such as drinking sugar water. In people,loss of enjoyment is a major symptom of depression. Hamsters in both groups were given a choice between drinking tap water or sugar water.The hamsters exposed to light at night drank similar amounts of tap and sugar water----they'd lost their preference for the sweet treat. These changes in behavior were associated with changes in a brain region known as the hippocampus .The hamsters exposed to night light had a reduced number of so-called dendritic spines on the surface of cells in this region.These spines are hair-like things that stick out,and that brain cells use to communicate with one another. The findings match up with studies on humans that have d the hippocampus to be involved in depression. A patient with major depression has a smaller hippocampus. The brain changes in the hamsters might arise from fluctuations in the production of the hormone melatonin . Melatonin signals to the body that it's nighttime,but a light at night dampens its production. The hormone has been shown to affect mood,and so a decrease in melatonin might prompt depression,Bedrosian says. If the same mechanism is at work in people,then "people might want to try to avoid falling asleep with their TVs on at night,or to try to minimize light exposure during the night," she adds. If hamsters sleep in full darkness,they _ .
|
[
"sleep soundly",
"prefer sugar water",
"lose their sense of taste",
"Drink as much sugar water as tap water"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the temperature of a warm loaf of bread?
|
[
"65°F",
"65°C"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A child walks across a carpet and generates an electrical charge. The child will get a slight shock by touching a
|
[
"metal doorknob.",
"plastic toy.",
"rubber ball.",
"wooden block."
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Vitamins are stored in foods we eat. The kids are udner great need of vitamins for growth. As they use their energy in playing, they need lots of vitamins. Children usually choose certain foods above the others and often do not eat those with important nutrients . Sothough the food they are eating is nutritious, it may not always provide all the nutrients the child needs. One nutrient can not balance the shortage of another. Foods like grains, vegetables, fruits and meats should be eaten daily, because different foods in the child's diet can balance against taking too much or too little of any nutrient. Kids grow slower in their childhood than when they were babies or when they develop into adults. Energy output is high, with hard paly perids that include plenty of running, jumping, and testing of new physical skills. So they need a lot of vitamins. Here are some important vitamins and their functions Vitamin D in milk helps your bones. Vitamin A in carrots helps you see at night. Vitamin C in oranges helps your body heal if you get a cut. B vitamins in leafy vegetables helps your body make protein . The children, who are suffering from a sickness called cystic fibrosis, lose vitamin A, D and E. These are main body-building vitamins. Therefore, vitamin supplements may be necessary. Blood tests will telll you whether a child needs vitamin supplements. If babies over nine months of age are receiving whole cow's milk, they'll need a daily vitamin C supplement till their diet provide enough vitamin C. Vitamin D is added to all milks so babies drinking them need no extra vitamin D. Children are greatly in need of vitamin C. If you are 18 years of age or younger, you should get 115 millgrams of vitamin C per day. Those over 19 should get 120 milligrams per day. What is it expecially necessary for high school students to have daily?
|
[
". Milk",
"Orange.",
"Carrots.",
"Vegetables."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following questions is testable in a scientific investigation?
|
[
"Are dogs better pets than cats?.",
"Are dogs happy when they are walked?.",
"Are cats more active at night than during the day?.",
"Are cats easier to take care of than dogs?."
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Beijing Restaurant _ SOUPS :Tofu soupY=10. 00 Bone soupY=15. 00 Chicken soupY=20. 00 STAPLES:Fried riceY=8. 00 Fried noodlesY=10. 00 Hot dogY=4. 00 Meat pieY=10. 00 SandwichY=10. 00 HamburgerY=10. 00 MAIN COURSES:Roast chickenY=30. 00 Italian pizzaY=9. 00 Indian curriesY=15. 00 Pork and cabbageY=15. 00 Cheese pieY=10. 00 BeefY=15. 00 Beijing Roast DuckY=50. 00 SausageY=15. 00 DESSERTS :Fruit saladY=8. 00 Pear pancakeY=6. 00 Apple pieY=6. 00 Ice creamY=4. 00 DRINKS :CokeY=5. 00 CoffeeY=5. 00 TeaY=3. 00 Apple juiceY=3. 00 BeerY=10. 00 WineY=30. 00 MilkY=3. 00 LemonadeY=4. 00 What's the price of pear pancake and a cup of tea?
|
[
"Y=8. 00.",
"Y=9. 00.",
"Y=7. 00.",
"Y=6. 00."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Assume all other forces on Katy are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Katy?
|
[
"The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Katy.",
"The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Katy."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the one animal that has all of the fish traits listed above.
|
[
"Thresher sharks hatch from eggs with no shells. They have a long tail and fins. They can use their tail to hit and stun their prey. Thresher sharks live in salt water.",
"Amazon milk frogs have moist skin and live in South American rain forests. They hatch from eggs with no shells and begin their lives in water. As adults, Amazon milk frogs live in trees and eat insects."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
All parents tell their children little white lies from time to time. "Of course Father Christmas comes down the chimney!" "Eat your spinach -- you'll get as strong as Popeye.". . . and so on. However, there's one fib that's bigger than all the others. It's "I don't have a favorite child." In his fascinating new book, The Sibling Effect: What Bonds Among Brothers and Sisters Reveal About Us, Jeffrey Kluger, a father of two daughters, aged eight and ten, claims that " 95 percent of parents in the world have a favorite child -- and the other 5 percent are lying." Kluger may be exaggerating the figures for dramatic effect -- but despite every parent's vehement denial that they have a favorite child -- scientific research shows that he is not far off the truth. According to one recent study by researchers from the University of California -- which followed 384 _ pairs and their parents for three years -- 65 percent of the mothers and 70 percent of fathers exhibited a preference for one child. As this was among families that knew they were being monitored, there's a strong possibility the true figures could be significantly higher. Favoritism is certainly a controversial topic. When raised as a subject for discussion on parenting websites, it always arouses a stream of angry denials. But interestingly, a lot of personal anecdotes appear from parents who say they were overshadowed by a favored sibling, or were, indeed, their mother or father's favorite. It seems everyone knows favoritism exists -- but nobody wants to put their hand up and say they're guilty of it themselves. Another research, where siblings have been asked to say who their mother and father favor, suggests that mothers do tend to a show a preference for their first-born son, but fathers often dote on their youngest daughters. Parents will often be drawn to the child who is easiest to get along with -- or the child that shares similar traits to them. For example, mum will have a special bond with her sensitive, arty son, while dad lavishes attention on his sporty daughter. Professor Scott says being least favored in a family can color1 our behavior as adults. "Children who feel they are less loved within their family are more likely to develop low self-esteem, anxiety and depression." But some experts believe being less favored can have positive consequences. Professor Scott agrees that favored children can sometimes find life difficult when they have to rub along in the real world. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"Some people were overshadowed by a favored sibling when they were young.",
"Most people will admit that they feel guilty of favoring one child over another.",
"Experts have different opinions about the consequences of being less favored.",
"The topic about favoritism on parenting websites always arouses angry denials."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
bending a paper clip
ice melting in a glass
|
[
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are caused by cooling."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Until late in the 20th century, most Americans spent time with people of generations. Now mid-aged Americans may not keep in touch with old people until they are old themselves.That's because we group people by age. We put our three-year-olds together in day-care center, our 13-year-olds in school and sports activities, and our 80-year-olds in senior-citizen homes. Why? We live away from the old for many reasons: young people sometimes avoid the old to get rid of fears for aging and dying. It is much harder to watch .someone we love disappear before our eyes. Sometimes it's so hard that we stay away from the people who need us most. Fortunately, .some of us have found our way to the old. And we have discovered that they often save the young. A reporter moved her family onto a block filled with old people. At first her children were disappointed. But the reporter baked banana bread for the neighbours and had her children deliver it and visit. Soon the children had many new friends, with whom they shared food, stories and projects. "My children have never been less lonely," the reporter said. The young, in turn, save the old. Once I was in a rest home when a visitor showed up with a baby. She was immediately surrounded. People who hadn't gotten out of bed in a week suddenly were ringing for a wheelchair. Even those who had seemed asleep wake up to watch the child. Babies have an astonishing power to comfort and cure. Grandparents are a special case. They give grandchildren a feeling of security and continuity. As my husband put it, "my grandparents gave me a deep sense that things would turn out right in the end." Grandchildren speak of attention they don't get from worried parents. "My parents were always telling me to hurry up, and my grandparents told me to slow down," one friend said. A teacher told me she can tell which pupils have relationships with grandparents: they are quieter, calmer, more trusting. Now in an American family, people can find that _ .
|
[
"children never live with their parents",
"not all working people live with their parents",
"aged people are supported by their grandchildren",
"grandchildren are supported by their grandparents"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Melissa and Roman McCoy were looking forward to the Christmas. But on December 5th, Roman got a phone call that changed everything. Melissa had been in a terrible car accident, and the doctor had little hope she would make it. "He said the next six to eight hours were critical in determining whether she would live or not. And I just wept," Roman said. "A lot of pressure built up inside, and I just dropped my cell phone on the ground when I heard that. It was the worst feeling that I've ever felt." Melissa, a college English professor, was on her way to class when her car hit into a mound of dirt and rolled over several times. Roman recalled, "I could only think how I am going to raise my kids without their mother. If she did live, how would I take care of her and my kids? The questions you never want to ask yourself, I had to face." Melissa survived the first night. She had injuries to her stomach and lungs and worse, she suffered severe injuries to her brain. She didn't recognize anyone, even her own husband. "Over the next few days, she remained unresponsive to treatments. The brain surgeon never really gave us much hope." Days passed and Melissa didn't improve. Christmas Eve, Roman was by her side in the hospital. Then, he received a Christmas gift he would never forget. "That evening, she woke up and was just as clear as before, recognized everybody, and was able to read. It was just amazing. I saw her bright smile and her sense of humor. The only way I could describe it is that the weight of the darkness that had hovered over me was just completely gone." Melissa quickly improved, and she is back to being a wife, mom, and professor. There is no sign of damage from the brain. Melissa said, "I thank him for everything now. It's not just 'thank you for my job, thank you for my children.' It's 'thank you for every aspect of my life.'" What's the relationship between Melissa and Roman?
|
[
"Mother and son.",
"Wife and husband.",
"Sister and brother.",
"Teacher and student."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Nellie acquired this trait?
|
[
"Nellie learned biology by doing experiments.",
"Nellie is most interested in plant biology."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Fencing or Not Wildlife fences are constructed for a variety of reasons including to prevent the spread of diseases, to protect wildlife from poachers , and to help manage small populations of threatened species. Human-wildlife conflict is another common reason for building fences. Wildlife can damage valuable farm animals and crops. Some species carry diseases of agricultural concern, and a few threaten human lives. At the same time, people kill wild animals for food, trade, or to defend lives or property, and human activities destroy wildlife habitat . Separating people and wildlife by fencing can appear to be a _ beneficial way to avoid such harmful effects. But in a paper in the journal Science, published recently, some scientists argue that fencing should only be used if worse comes to worst. According to the scientists, although fencing can have conservation benefits, it also has costs. When areas of wildlife habitat are changed into islands, the resulting small and isolated populations tend towards extinction, and the resulting loss of larger-bodied species can affect interactions between species in ways that cause further local extinctions. Therefore, scientists are asking that conservationists carefully weigh up the biodiversity costs and benefits of new and existing fences. In addition to fences' ecosystem-wide impact, the scientists don't think they always achieve their specific aims. Construction of fences to reduce human-wildlife conflict has been successful in some places but the challenges of appropriate fence design, location, construction, and protection mean that fences often fail to deliver the anticipated benefits. In some places, fences also provide poachers with a ready supply of wire for making traps. A variety of alternative approaches, including better caring for farm animals, community-based crop-guarding, insurance and wildlife-sensitive land-use planning are suggested to reduce conflicts between people and wildlife without the need for fencing. Some projects working with local people and government agencies in Indonesia have shown that human-elephant conflict can be dramatically reduced without using fences. The scientists conclude that as climate change increases the importance of facilitating wildlife mobility and conserving landscape connectivity, fence removal may become an important form of climate change preparation, and so fencing of wildlife should be avoided whenever possible. The main purpose of the passage is to _ .
|
[
"argue and prove",
"inform and explain",
"appeal and discuss",
"compare and assess"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a kiddie pool?
|
[
"255 fluid ounces",
"255 gallons",
"255 cups"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Beginning in October, more than 13,000 McDonald's restaurants in America will use a new variety of cooking oil. McDonald' s aims to make its French fries and other fried foods healthier. The change will not affect the taste or the number of calories in the food. But by changing the cooking oil, McDonald's says, it hopes to cut by nearly half the amount of _ in French fries and reduce the amount of saturated fats by 16 percent. Scientists believe that trans fatty acids and saturated fats raise cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease. McDonald's new step is important because McDonald's is an industry leader and other fast-food chains and food processors may follow the lead. For McDonald's ,the action comes at a time when Americans are becoming more and more concerned about; obesity and are increasing pressure on food companies to offer healthy and nutritious food to consumers. After three years of study, McDonald's officials say they are _ oil that is lower in saturated fats and trans fatty acids. McDonald's says the change will not cause higher price for consumers. Though there is some change, scientists say that the amount of trans fat in foods at McDonald's and at other fast-food companies is still important. When a new kind of cooking oil is used in McDonald's, _
|
[
"the prices of McDonald's foods will be a tot higher",
"consumers will find the taste of McDonald's foods different",
"many other food companies will do what McDonald's does",
"obesity will disappear in American society sooner or later"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the temperature of the air inside of a classroom?
|
[
"75°C",
"75°F"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Students made lemonade using the following recipe: 100 grams of lemon juice 100 grams of sugar 1,000 grams of water The students combined the lemon juice, sugar, and water in a container. They stirred the lemonade until all the sugar dissolved. They poured the lemonade into a plastic tray and put the tray in a freezer. The next day, the students removed the tray from the freezer and observed that the lemonade was a solid. What is the mass of the solid lemonade?
|
[
"100 grams",
"200 grams",
"1,000 grams",
"1,200 grams"
] | 3D
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these might use plants for an energy source
|
[
"television",
"station wagon",
"toy car",
"action figure"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In many English homes people eat four meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner. People have breakfast at any time from seven to nine in the morning. They eat porridge, eggs or bread, English people drink tea or coffee at breakfast. Lunch comes at one o'clock. Afternoon tea is from four to five in the afternoon and dinner is at about half past seven. First they have soup, and then they have meat or fish with vegetables. After that they eat some other things, like bananas, apples or oranges. But not all English people eat like that. Some of them have their dinner in the middle of the day. Their meals are breakfast, dinner, tea and supper and all these meals are very simple. . People may eat _ for their breakfast.
|
[
"meat and apples",
"vegetables",
"bananas and coffee",
"bread or eggs"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Like many people ,I have no clear idea about heroes . A t some point , we all wonder if we need a hero and what a hero really is. Although there are a lot of differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics which give us courage and make us want to learn from them. A hero does something worth talking about, A hero has a special story to tell and people think highly of it. But a hero is not just person with great fame . A hero has power larger than himself . Some people want to live like a hero. And they have to experience life with new and further meaning .A sure test for would- be heroes is what or whom they serve. What do they want to live and die for? If their answer suggests they serve only own fames, they may be famous persons but not heroes. A hero has a _ from the mountain top .He has the power to move people . He creates new possibility. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of Britain, Without Martin Luther King .Jr, Americans might take different parks , and shop in different stores of the different colors of their skins. There might be changes in society without a hero, but the speed of the change would be rather slow . Thanks to heroes in history ,they make the society develop so rapidly. I f you want to live like a hero , you should _ |
|
[
"experience a new and meaningful life",
"listen to something worth talking about",
"serve your own fame and try to be famous",
"know where and how you want to live and die"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tattoos and body piercings have moved up on the trend list in recent years. Around Western schools lots of teens are sporting new holes and flesh ink. Like all other subjects, we'll surely be faced with such situation. To get a better view of what has happened in the West, let's sit down and hear what they say. Kerstin Otto from Washington: The hotter it gets and the more layers of clothing disappear, the more tattoos and piercings appear on various places of the human body, I wouldn't be caught dead with a snake tattooed on my ankle or with a piece of metal stuck in my belly button. Erin from Indiana: I think body piercing is cool. In most situations, you don't really have to worry about it getting torn out. I go to Noblesville High School. I am a sophomore (that is the l0th grade). Body piercing can be cool, only if it is not taken to too much of an extent. I would not want to get my nose pierced, just because I think I'll look bad. But that is my personal opinion. I guess that type of thing is a cultural difference. Tiara from Indiana: I personally think body piercing is sickening. If there were supposed to be holes in your body, you would have been born with them. I do, however, think that ear piercing, is not wrong. There is a difference between ear piercing and belly button piercing. Ear piercing is not nearly as dangerous. I would be sick if someone stuck a needle in my belly button. Lee from Illinois: Hi! I live in Illinois. I am 23. I have 12 tattoos and three piercings. I love my tattoos and consider myself an art collector. You would be surprised at who has given me the thumbs-up on my art work. People on the street stop me to look at that on my leg. Most of them don't know what it is. They just think the work itself is great. Subotai from California: I'm not prohibitive of self-expression, but when I see high school students getting these piercings, I really wonder. In some cases, the drive is deeper and darker than mere fashion. A friend of mine tried piercing her own tongue with a safety pin. It got infected and she had a tongue the size of a cow's. Nagib from Washington: I wanted an earring. My friends had them and it looked like a cool thing. I wanted to get a nose ring, but my mum wouldn't let me. Now I'm glad I didn't get it. I just wanted a little stud, but I wouldn't have looked good with it. Jackson from Ohio: I don't think it's wrong, but when people do it all over the place like their face and everything --I think that's ridiculous. People who get the big dragons that cover your whole body--I don't think that's necessary. When I see naked chicks on guys, I think. "You have no respect for women." Brittney from New York: You don't want to do stuff to your body. You don t need to do that because you were made perfect. You don't need to add piercings. If it will make you feel beautiful and you really feel like you need to do it for yourself, then okay. If it really makes a big difference impacting your self-esteem and how you are towards others, then do it. But otherwise, don't mess with what you got. Maybe you should try something more substantial to find beauty in yourself. We can conclude that _ .
|
[
"tattoos and piercing are a new kind of elegant art",
"all the teachers in the West are in favor of tattoos and piercing",
"everything is changeable with time going on",
"it is necessary to live with all different views of beauty"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many children in foster care are being over medicated with antipsychotic drugs they may not really need, or the drugs are being given incorrectly, according to a government review obtained by CBS News. The report by an Inspector General for the Department of Health and Human Services looked at concerns surrounding the use of these powerful drugs in children on Medicaid. Many children on Medicaid are in the foster care system. "Psychotropic drugs are being used in these children, and we don't really know what the side effects are in these young children," said CBS News reporter Anna Werner. "There's not a lot of research because you can't really test these drugs on children." More than half the time, the review found children on these powerful drugs were not being monitored adequately. A quarter of them were given the wrong amount of drugs. Many were given too many drugs or took them for too long. "What the experts tell us is that not enough resources are needed to take care of these kids and give them the treatment that they need -- not drugs," Werner said. "It takes a lot of time and a lot of people to do that, and that of course all costs money." Therefore, states are choosing to just put kids on drugs instead. Dr. Fernando Siles, a child psychiatrist who treats children on Medicaid in Texas and has written thousands of prescriptions for such drugs, told Werner he doesn't have a lot of other options. He said children from troubled homes often have anger and aggression issues and he often prescribes drugs to "contain" their behavior so they won't get bounced from foster home to foster home. Werner's reporting also turned up the troubling case of a four-year-old boy who was put on four different psychiatric medications in the foster care system. When his grandmother gained custody a year later, she said the boy seemed like a completely different child since he has taken all the drugs. But he still has frightening dreams at the age of 10. Werner reports a number of states, including Texas, have taken steps to reduce the use of these drugs in foster children. But experts say more progress is needed, along with greater oversight of the system. The four-year-old boy's case suggests that the side effects of psychotropic drugs are _ .
|
[
"lasting",
"temporary",
"modest",
"avoidable"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What happens to a living thing if it becomes too cold?
|
[
"pass away",
"joy",
"increased energy",
"warmth"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For many girls, having long beautiful hair is something to beproud of. Rachel Barrett, 15, recently cut her long hair and lookedlike a boy. But she was also proud of herself. She donated herhair to a charity and raised a lot of money.Barrett is a middle school student in Britain. On Nov. 16 at her school's talent contest, Barrett had her hair cut off in front of around 300 students. The hair would be used to make wigs for children with cancer. She has raised several thousand pounds and the money will help people with breast cancer . Barrett got the idea when she visited her friend's mom with cancer. "All of her hair had fallen out, and it really made me want to do something," Barrett said. When she found out that the charity Little Princess Trust could make wigs for children with cancer, she decided to donate her own hair, even though she loved it. "I saw how sad it was for my friend's mom to lose her hair. So if my hair can go to help a young child with cancer then it's worth it," she said. Cath Stanton, a teacher, felt proud of the girl. "She's always been very well groomed , so for her to cut all her hair off really moves us," she said. "She has done a moving job." Many students were moved by her courage and donated money. From this passage, we know Barrett is a(n) _ girl.
|
[
"honest",
"kind",
"poor",
"hard-working"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We might use our carbon dioxide waste to
|
[
"feed cats",
"feed sloths",
"feed roses",
"feed birds"
] | 2C
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Turning the lights out or wearing a blindfold while eating could be a quick way to lose weight, according to scientists. The simple trick works because it stops diners eating for pleasure rather than for calories. It also triggers a part of the brain that is worried that unseen food may go bad. An experiment by the University of Konstanz, in Germany, found that people who were blindfolded consumed nine percent fewer calories before they felt full, compared to those who could see. They also vastly overestimated how much they had eaten because they could not see how much was left on the plate. Blindfolded volunteers estimated they had eaten 88 percent more than they actually had. Scientists believe that not seeing food on the table also allows the body to know when it is full in real time rather than remembering past experiences where it might have taken a full plate to feel full. In the experiment, 50 people were blindfolded and 40 were allowed to see their food. All were told not to eat within two hours of the experiment. They were then given three 95g bowls of chocolate ice cream and invited to eat for 15 minutes. Their bowls were taken away and the remaining ice-cream weighed, while the participants were quizzed on how much they thought they had eaten. On average the group who could see ate 116g while the blindfolded groups ate 105g. However, the blindfolded group believed they had eaten 197g while compared with 159g for the non-blind volunteers. They were also asked how pleasant the ice-cream tasted and the blindfolded group rated lower than those who could see. "The experienced pleasure of eating was significantly lower in the blindfolded group. Not seeing the food might have decreased the appetite. Sight plays an important role in the eating experience and in the overall dining experience." Previous studies have shown that the visual influence of food plays a large part in the taste. While restaurants that allow diners to eat in the dark state that it triggers other senses, in fact eating in darkness is likely to taste far milder than usual. With the lights out, diners eat less partly because _ .
|
[
"they want to quickly finish their meals",
"they trust their feelings more than ever",
"they focus more on fun than the calories",
"they worry about the quality of the food"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Fish contains lost of omega-3 fatty acids.These fatty acids have been shown to help prevent heart disease,lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of strokes.Researchers suggest that these benefits of eating fish far outweigh the risks of getting sick from contaminated fish. Ongoing studies find that omega-3 fatty acids work magic on the brain too.Pregnant? Go out and eat fish! One study tracked a group of expectant women who ate more than 340 grams of fish per week.It turns out they gave birth to children who,years later,scored really high on IQ tests. How can you add fish to your diet? One way to begin is by replacing meat with fish in one meal a week.Instead of frying,which retains more fat,try boiling your fish in an oven or grilling it outdoors.And don't be afraid to spice up your fish.Garlic,herbs other spices can add wonderful flavors to fish. For lighter meals,keep a few cans of tuna or other fish on hand at all times.They're great for making tasty sandwiches or fish burgers.If you get hungry in the middle of the morning or afternoon,try tuna on crackers.It's hard to find a better snack.And parents,be sure to introduce fish to your children.It's important for them to get used to eating it at a young age. According to the author,when is a good time to have tuna on crackers?
|
[
"At lunchtime.",
"During a party.",
"Between meals.",
"After midnight."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a series of discomfort for their fellows. Medical scientists have expressed their concern about effect of smoking on the health not only of those who smoke but also those who do not smoke. In fact, non-smokers who take in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves. A great number of students are trying to persuade the university to forbid smoking in classrooms. Believe they are completely right in their aim. However, I think it more important to achieve this by calling on the smokers to use good judgment and to show concern for others. Smoking is not allowed in theaters, cinemas and in other public places. Therefore, smoking must be forbidden in our classroom. Although many people have _ for having smoked a lot and we call on people to give up smoking, yet many more that are following will turn down what we say every day, above all, the young people smoke a lot more. In the writer's opinion, smoking does good to _ .
|
[
"nobody",
"some people",
"smokers",
"young people"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Flash's phenotype for the horns trait?
|
[
"HH",
"not having horns"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A 13-year-old American has made a cheap machine that can help blind people read. The blind can read by using _ - a system of small bumps that the blind touch to read the letters. The machine that makes these small bumps usually costs at least $2,000. It is called Braille writer. The American schoolboy, Shubham Banerjee, made a new Braille writer from a Lego tool that lets people create robots. Banerjee has called his new machine the Braigo - a combination of the words Braille and Lego. It costs just $ 350. It works by changing electronic text into Braille and then printing it using a computer or mobile machine. Banerjee designed his Braigo last year for a school science exhibition. Since then, he has caught the interest of Silicon Valley in the USA. The big technology company Intel spent money on Banerjee's machine last November, but they did not say how much money they put in. Banerjee also got $35, 000 from his father to help him start the project. His father works as a computer engineer at Intel. He spoke about why he gave so much money to his son, saying:"We as parents started to be interested more, thinking that he's on to something and this invention has to continue." Banerjee told the AP News: "My dream would probably be having most of the blind people...using my Braigo." Why did Banerjee design his invention?
|
[
"He did it as a hobby.",
"Intel told him to do it.",
"He did it for a school science project.",
"He wanted to get money from his father."
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
American doctors have been trying to figure out the secrets behind Asians being healthier than Americans since the early 90s - The Japan has the lowest mortality rates in the world and Chinese medicine has been around for thousands of years, since around 2000 B.C. only meant that there's more to Asian health philosophy. In Asian medicine, there's an acknowledgment of the whole-body theory of medicine, instead of isolationism that's prevalent in many American doctor's offices. The main reason behind a better health lies in the difference between Asian and American culture. Diet, exercise, and a holistic approach to medicine all contribute to Asians living longer and healthier than their American counterparts. In addition, the result of the Asian lifestyle has led to a stronger overall immune system and better detoxification efficiency. The more preferred drink in the American lifestyle is soda, beer or coffee. However, in Asian culture, the preferred drink is water or herbal tea. Consumption of water serves to immediately strengthen one's body detoxification program, since water dilutes toxins and helps flush the body. Americans savor red meat and pork, while most Asians prefer chicken, rice and fish. Also, the foods in Asia are mostly organic and lack the hormonal toxins that American food carries. Overall the Asian diet leads to less food-introduced toxins into the body, and allows the body to spend its energy on its immune system rather than toxin control. Also, the fish that Asians consume have very strong immunological effects, providing more antioxidants than the red meat preferred in America. The average American family has more than one car. In Asia, on average there's 1 car per 4 families. In Asian cultures, people use bicycles more than four-wheeled transportation. The Asian lifestyle also involves more labor and physical work, such as agricultural labor and gardening. The American lifestyle praises white-collar jobs which lead to Americans sitting in front of computer screens for hours on end. Exercise helps detoxification in two ways: it speeds up metabolism, and induces sweat. Medicine in Asia centers mostly on natural ingredients that have healing properties. Asian medicine also addresses the mind-body connection and the importance of mental balance. There are more traditional medicine doctors per person in Asia than in America. American medicine costs more and is symptom-focused, often ignoring the overall cause of the symptoms. In America, the prescriptions that are chemically derived are dangerous toxins that stress the body's detoxification system. Using Asian medicine means using only natural ingredients, which the body can easily detoxify while getting the same health benefit. It is not very difficult to adopt the Asian lifestyle and improve your body's detoxification and immune system. You can change your lifestyle today by eating and drinking organic, exercising rigorously at least three times a week, and using organic health alternative therapies over dangerous prescription medicines. ks5u Emma Deangela is the author of detox and fasting site at eDetoxify.com. Combining both Asian and Western philosophy, Emma Deangela has helped many people by giving them health consultation to make their lives better and healthier through natural health philosophy. Visit eDetoxify.com to discover the health philosophy that leads many people to a healthy life. The passage is overall a(n) _ .
|
[
"advertisement to a website",
"lecture to college students",
"magazine introduction",
"newspaper front-page"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is most likely needed when describing the change in position of an object?
|
[
"initial speed",
"direction change",
"reference point",
"constant rate"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a vacuum cleaner?
|
[
"9 grams",
"9 kilograms"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
While we are still children ,most of us live at home with our parents, more or less peacefully . But as we become teenagers , things change ,and we begin to grow apart from our parents . This means we are almost ready to leave the house where we grew up and make a new home of our own . All humans must do this ,but they don't all do it in the same way . If ,for instance ,you belong to a primitive tribe ,then as you grew up ,you'd learn the skills you needed as an adult---how to catch fish ,how to keep the house and look after children . You would be ready to marry in your early teens and you would build a house and live near your family in the village. This seems a very old way of life , but it is what humans have been used to through hundreds of years. And it is what we are still used to in the 21stcentury ,for man hasn't changed in the short time since he became civilized . But could you leave home and look after yourself during the teen years ? Most people would not do very well . Why ? Because although man hasn't changed very much , the society he lives in has changed greatly ,which means that we have to learn more and more before we are ready to leave our parents' shelter( ) and live alone . However ,sometimes it is very frustrating to live at parents' home . Parents can be very upset about late nights ,criticizing friends and always saying that we are noisy and dirty . But we still need our emotional shelter till we finish our studies , and that is why we usually stay in our parents' home until we feel grown up enough to deal with living alone . For most teenagers of the 21stcentury ,making a new home of their own may be _ .
|
[
"difficult",
"unimportant",
"impossible",
"quite easy"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The trucks begin to move at the same speed. Which truck needs a larger force to start moving?
|
[
"a mail truck carrying 450 pounds of mail",
"a mail truck carrying 550 pounds of mail"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
How did a ban on smoking in public places come into place? In 1998 the Smoking Kills White Paper set out a national strategy to reduce smoking prevalence and passive smoking, including in public places. The measures were voluntary and poorly carried out. After a public conference in England in 2004, the Government decided to choose for lawmaking. Scotland went first, with a ban in 2006, followed by the other nations a year later. What is the current law? Any person who smokes in enclosed public places, including pubs, offices, on public transport and work vehicles, is breaking the law. It does not extend to private houses. It is also an offence for people in charge of premises to permit others to smoke in them. How was it received? It was welcomed by most organizations except for some pub owners and restaurateurs. Many workplaces in the UK had already introduced smoke-free policies consistent with the legislation (,) before it was carried out, while others have gone beyond its basic requirements. All railway facilities, including platforms, footbridges and other areas--whether or not fitting the definition of an enclosed public space--are covered, as are all football grounds and some cricket and athletics stadiums. School grounds are not required to be smoke-free under the legislation, but the majority now are. How has it been forced? Compliance in public premises has been high, with inspections suggesting that 99 per cent of places were sticking to the rules. The number of people charged for smoking in cars has been very low, which was due to the problems defining and identifying "work" vehicles. They said that a total ban on smoking in vehicles would end this confusion. Has it improved health? Studies in early adopters of the law, including in Scotland, suggest a reduction in hospital admissions for heart disease, which has been shown to be linked to passive smoking. There is also strong evidence of improved rates of smoking end and a drop in the number of cigarettes consumed by those who continue to smoke. Which of the following behaviors may NOT be against the law?
|
[
"Jack often smokes in the office when he is alone.",
"A taxi driver is smoking with a lady in his car.",
"Tom smokes while thinking of his future at home.",
"Max smokes for relaxation during time-out in the stadium."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is always hard for a small fish to live in a big pond. Pluto's recent departure from the classical planet family clearly proves that size really matters. Astronomers voted on August 24 to create the first scientific definition of the word planet, and Pluto obviously didn't make the cut. It turned out to be only a "dwarf planet" . After weeks of heated debate, over 2,500 astronomers from 73 countries voted on the definition of a "planet" at a conference of the international Astronomical Union (IAU). According to the definition, a planet must have a clear neighborhood around its orbit. Pluto has widely been considered a planet since its discovery in 1930. Unfortunately, it has a special orbit which overlaps with Neptune's. It is all because, compared with Neptune, Pluto is very small. It is attracted by Neptune's gravity when the two planets get closer. According to IAU, a "dwarf planet" should have an orbit around the Sun. It will not have a clear neighborhood around its orbit, and must not be a satellite. The new classification means that the science textbooks will have to be updated. The solar system is now made up of the eight "classical planets," together with a number of dwarf planets. The classical planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The debate over Pluto's status started in 1992. After an advanced telescope was sent into space, astronomers started find a belt of objects, which lies beyond Neptune. The belt contains nearly 1,000 objects, including Pluto. As they continued the exploration, scientists recently discovered at least 41 dwarf planets at the edges of the solar system. There are at least two objects of a similar size to Pluto. It seems that even if the IAU had kept Pluto's status as a planet, the classical theory of nine planets in the solar system would have had to be changed, but the other way around. More dwarf, planets of a similar size to Pluto would join the family of planets. Scientists will probably find many more dwarf planets. According to the passage, Pluto is _ .
|
[
"a planet which has a clear neighborhood around its orbit",
"a satellite of Neptune which was discovered in 1930",
"the smallest planet in the solar system",
"a planet which has an orbit around the sun"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A villa designed to resist earthquakes with "self-healing" cracks in its walls, thanks to nanotechnology applications with self-healing polymers , is to be built on a Greek mountainside. The villa's walls will include special particles that turn into a liquid when squeezed under pressure, flow into cracks, and then harden to form a solid material. The NanoManufacturing Institute (NMI), based in Leeds University, will play a key role in an EU project to construct the home by December 2010. The project, called "Intelligent Safe and Secure Buildings" (ISSB) is funded under the EU's Sixth Framework program. This potentially life-saving scheme is led by German building manufacturer Knauf. The villa will be built in Amphilochia, in western Greece, where Knauf currently runs a manufacturing plant. If the experiment is successful, more tremor-resistant homes could be built in earthquake zones across the globe. NMI chief executive Professor Terry Wilkins said, "What we're trying to achieve here is very exciting. We're looking to use polymers in much tougher situations than ever before on a larger scale." Monitors contained in the villa's walls will be able to collect vast amounts of data about the building over time. Wireless sensors will record any stresses and vibrations, as well as temperature, humidity and gas levels. The walls are to be built from new load-bearing steel frames and high-strength gypsum board. Prof Wilkins said, "If there are any problems, the intelligent sensor network will be able to alert residents immediately so they have time to escape. If whole groups of houses are so constructed, we could use a larger network of sensors to get even more information. If the house falls down, we have got hand-held devices that can be used over the ruins to pick out where the embedded sensors are hidden to get some information about how the villa collapsed. Also, we can get information about anyone who may be around, so it potentially becomes a tool for rescue." The aim of the passage is to _ .
|
[
"report a piece of interesting news",
"promote tremor-resistant homes",
"inform us of the nanotechnology development",
"tell us something about a tremor-resistant home"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The most complex object known to humanity is the human brain -- and not only is it complex, but it is one of the few natural phenomena that science has no consciousness of. To try to replicate something that is so poorly understood may therefore seem like pride. But you have to start somewhere, and International Business Machines (IBM) and the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), in Switzerland, propose to start by replicating "in silico", one of the brain's building blocks. In a partnership announced, the two organizations said they would be working together to build a simulation of a structure known as a neo-cortical column on a type of IBM supercomputer that is currently used to study the molecular functioning of genes. If that works, they plan to use more powerful computers to link such simulated columns together into something that mimics a brain. In a real brain, a neo-cortical column is a cylindrical element about a third of a millimeter in diameter and three millimeters long. It is these columns, arranged side by side like the cells of a honeycomb, which make up the famous "grey matter" that has become shorthand for human intelligence. The Blue Gene/L supercomputer that will be used for the simulation consists of enough independent processors for each to be programmed to mimic an individual nerve cell in a column. The EPFL's contribution to the Blue Brain Project will be to create a digital description of how the columns behave. The database from its Brain Mind Institute will provide the raw material for the simulation. Biologists and computer scientists will then connect the artificial nerve cells up in a way that mimics nature. They will do so by assigning electrical properties to them, and telling them how to communicate with each other and how they should modify their connections with one another depending on their activity. That will be no mean feat. Even a single nerve cell is complicated, not least because each one has about 10,000 connections with others. And nerve cells come in great variety--relying, for example, on different chemical transmitters to carry messages across those connections. Eventually, however, a digital representation of an entire column Should occur. Assuming that the growth of computing power continues to follow Moore's Law, the leader of IBM's side thinks it should be practical to mimic an entire human brain in silico this way in ten to fifteen years. Such an artificial brain would, of course, be a powerful research tool. It would allow neurological experiments that currently take days in a "web lab" to be conducted in seconds. The researchers hope that their simulated brain will reveal the secrets of how certain psychiatric and neurological, disorders develop. But that is probably not the real reason for doing it. The most interesting question, surely, is whether such an artificial brain will be intelligent, or conscious, or both. In a real brain, a neo-cortical column _ .
|
[
"looks like the cells of a honeycomb",
"is a simulation of a structure",
"is the famous \"grey matter\"",
"contains a large number of nerve cells"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the result of cellular respiration?
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
These days many people are interested in losing weight. It is very popular among people, especially young people. Everybody hopes to become thin quickly. Some people even take medicine. Do you know how to _ weight? Well... diet and exercise are the right answers. Please read and remember the following tips. Tip 1 You should eat only when you are hungry. Don't eat if you don't feel hungry. Tip 2 You should eat only food that is good for your health. Don't eat junk food such as hamburgers and French fries. Tip 3 It is better to prepare your own food instead of eating out. When you eat out, you may eat too much. That can make you become fatter. Tip 4 Don't forget to think about changing your lifestyle. For example, turn off the TV and the computer and take some exercise every day. Remember not to be too strict with yourself. Give yourself some free time to find the best way to control your weight. _ are more interested in losing weight.
|
[
"Children",
"Young people",
"Old people",
"Women"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which change best matches the sentence?
Many pieces of rock fall down a hill.
|
[
"drought",
"deposition",
"landslide"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Mr .Smith is an Englishman. He teaches English well.His English classes are very interesting.He likes us and we like him,too. Mr Smith has two children--Tom and Lucy.Tom is seven and his sister Lucy is four.Tom goes to school but Lucy doesn't. Mr Smith likes to wear a T-shirt and jeans .Football is his favorite sport.After school we often have a basketball match.Sometimes Mr Smith watches and joins us.He plays basketball just for fun. , How many sons does Mr Smith have?
|
[
"Only one",
"Two",
"Three",
"Not any"
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are millions of people throughout the world who are either born blind or have become blind over the course of their lifetimes. It is unfair to take away the visual beauty of the world from these people. Doctor Humayun has created the world's first bionic eye that could change the life of every blind people in the world. Doctor Mark Humayun is a well respected professor at the Doheny Eye Institute in California. He has been working for years on creating a bionic eye that would allow blind people to see images just like a normal person does. His idea of the bionic eye is actually an eye that has been built in a small video camera. The test results show the bionic eye has given blind patients the amazing ability to see the scientists doing the tests. But the images are still blurry and we need much work before the eye actually becomes a regular implant into blind people. Humayun believes that he can go into production with the bionic eye over the next three to five years. A closer look at the bionic eye is amazing. The patient wears a special set of eyeglasses. All the signals are passed to the implanted eye. It's done by wireless technology. Humayun has created an invention that could change the lives of millions of people. Imagine a world in which someone would no longer fear about being blind. This could be considered a technological achievement. How long will it take Doctor Humayun to produce his bionic eye?
|
[
"For more than eight years.",
"For more than five years.",
"For three to five years.",
"For less than three years."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Unequal distribution of the hormone auxin in plants helps to regulate the direction of plant growth. Which of the following is accomplished by plants in regulating the distribution of auxin?
|
[
"pollination of flowers",
"transportation of nutrients",
"discouraging predation",
"responding to the environment"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The organization representing British universities has expressed concern about the potential effect of tuition fees after figures showed a drop of more than 6% in student applications with less than a month to go before the deadline for 2013 applications. Data from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (Ucas) showed there were 265,784 university applications by UK-based candiates up to 17 Decemeber, 6.3% down on the parallel period in the admissions cycle the year before. While this is less than the 8.4% year-on-uear fall seen in earlier Ucas figures, released in mid-November, the coming January deadline makes it ever more likely that the total 2013 applicant figure will see a second sizeable fall following the introduction of annual fees of up to PS9,000. Nicola Dandridge, the chairman of Universities UK, said : "However, we must be concerned about any drops in the numbers applying to university and in particular, we must look closely at how the increase in graduate contributions in England may be affecting the decisions of promising students. However ,the December figures show a drop in numbers across the UK, suggesting that it is not only a question of tuition fees in England putting off from applying." A report of the Uncas figures to mid-December shows a 6.5% fall for applicants in England and 11.7% for those in Wales, with smaller drops of 3.9% for Scotland and 0.5% for Nortern Ireland. Scotiish students at home insitiutions pay on fees, while those from Nothern Ireland have fees capped to PS3,575 for Northern Irish universities. Dandridge added: "No one should be put off applying to university because of worries about finance." "It is important that no one is put off applying to university because they do not have information about the student support available to them. Most new students don't need to pay directly. There will be more financial support for those from poorer families and everyone will make lower loan repayments thatn they do now once they are in well paid jobs." A drop of more than 6% for 2013 applications is probably the effect of _ .
|
[
"the increased tuition fees",
"the approaching deadline",
"the concern from applicants",
"the difficulties with applications"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
how come a person can blow into a balloon and use the same air to fill a soccer ball?
|
[
"it is the law of thermodynamics",
"it is the ability of it to conform",
"it is a shift in the cosmos",
"all of these"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
According to scientists' research, the month in which babies are born could affect them in some ways. Babies born in spring get sick easily. Children born under Aquarius may be less clever than those born in other seasons. They may also have shorter lives than those born in autumn Scientists believe many of the differences can be explained by the mother's exposure to sunlight in pregnancy . Sunlight helps lead to the production of Vitamin D in the body. The lack of this in the first months of life may have a bad effect on mental and physical health. Vitamin D, called the "sunshine vitamin", is known to help regulate thousands of genes during development, according to a study of more than two million people. So Vitamin D has a good effect on health This study showed that people born from April to June had slightly shorter lives than those born in October, November or December. Similar studies in the USA showed that people born in autumn lived about 160 days longer than those born in spring. Professor Russell Foster, an Oxford University neuroscientist on seasonal biology, said the conclusions were surprising and interesting. He added, "These are small effects but they are very, very clear. I am not giving voice to star signs and they are just for fun. But it is true that we are affected by our season of birth." Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"People born in spring may not be in good health.",
"Children born under Aquarius are cleverer than those born under Libra.",
"Professor Russell Foster is interested in star signs and believes in them",
"People born in May will live longer than those born in October."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Not everyone goes to university after high school graduation. Some work, others join the army and an increasing number worldwide are taking a "gap year" to travel or do community service in their own countries or abroad. They are studying sharks off the Australian coast, building schools in Mexico and learning Spanish or Italian. The concept of a gap year may not be new, but the recent surge of interest certainly is. Some students are putting off admissions. Others, who don't get into the college of their choice, are taking a year to explore new frontiers before reapplying. Students are choosing to take a breather; they are thinking. They are not sure what they are going to do. They are going and exploring some of their interests. They are getting experience they can take to the school they finally go to. It is an idea actively encouraged by colleges. Princeton University has just launched a "bridge year" program that will send 10 percent of its incoming class to do volunteer work abroad, starting in 2009. And the Harvard has spent the last 30 years urging incoming students to take a gap year. "Many speak of their year away as a 'life-changing' experience or a 'turning point'" says Harvard admissions director Marlin Lewis. "Many come to college with new opinions about their academic plans, their extracurricular interests and the career possibilities they observed in their year away." The reasons why some take a gap year are the following EXCEPT that _ .
|
[
"they hate studying",
"they don't know what to do",
"they want to get experience",
"they want to know their real interests"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mother Knows Best? Once while being prepared for a television interview, I was chatting with the host about stay-at-home fathers. I made the point that one reason we're seeing more stay-at-home dads may be that it's no longer a given (a known fact) that a man makes more money than his wife. Many families now take earning power into account when deciding which parent will stay home. At that point, one of the male crew members commented, almost to himself but loud enough for my benefits, "It should be the better parent who stays at home". A lot of guys say things like that. I was a stay-at-home father for eight years, so what he said made me excited. It implied that our family's choice could only have been correct if I was a "better" parent than my wife. I think men shoot themselves in the foot with this kind of thinking. I suppose an argument could have been made that when I began staying home my wife was the "better" parent: she had spent more time with our son, could read him better and calm him more quickly. And given a choice, he'd have picked her over me. But as she was the more employable one, my wife went out to work and I looked after our son. Know what? I caught up. Because of the increased time I spent with him, I soon knew him well, understood what he needed and could look after him more or less as my wife could. Actually, the experience helped me unlock one of the world's great secrets: Women are good at looking after the children because they do it. It's not because of any born female gift or a mother's instinct-which I think is mostly learned anyway. It's because they put in the time and attention required to become good at the job. Women obviously get a biological head start from giving birth and nursing, but over the long term experience is more important. When I got the experience myself, I was good, too. As good? I don't know. Who cares? Children are not made of glass. Other people are capable of looking after them besides Mom. The author decided to stay at home eight years ago because _ .
|
[
"it was easier for his wife to find a job",
"he thought he was the better father",
"their son liked him a little bit better",
"he was earning more than his wife did"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Producing money requires both artistic and technological skills. Dollar bills are made so that they are interesting to look at but very hard to copy. In total, there are sixty-five separate steps required to make a dollar bill. The money making process begins when. a yearly order is sent by the Federal Reserve Board. That order will then be divided in half. Half will be done here in Washington, D. C.and the other half will be done in Fort Worth, Texas. Next, the Bureau orders special paper which is actually cloth since it is 75% cotton and 25% linen. This paper is made so that it can last a long time. And, it is made with details that make it hard to copy. For example, bills contain security threads. These narrow pieces of plastic are inside the paper and run along the width of the bill. This special paper is also made with very small blue and red fibers. Once the money is printed, guillotine cutters separate the sheets into two notes, then into individual notes. The notes are organized in "bricks," each of which contains forty one-hundred-note packages. The bricks then go to one of twelve Federal Reserve Districts, which then give the money to local banks. Ninety-five percent of the bills printed each year are used to replace money that is in circulation, or that has already been removed from circulation. You may know that America's first president, George Washington, is pictured on the one- dollar bill. But do you know whose face is on the two, five, ten, twenty, fifty and one hundred-dollar bills? They are, in order. President Thomas Jefferson, President Abraham Lincoln, Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, President Andrew Jackson, President Ulysses Grant and statesman Benjamin Franklin. The average life span of a one-dollar bill is twenty-one months. But a ten-dollar bill lasts only about eighteen months. The one hundred-dollar bill lasts the longest, eighty-nine months. One popular question is about the two-dollar bill. This bill is not printed very often. This is because many Americans believe two-dollar bills are lucky, so they keep them. How many presidents are printed on the American money?
|
[
"Four",
"Five",
"Six",
"Seven"
] | 1B
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
She is quiet, soft-spoken and has a kind face and a strong heart. She is my mom, Lili. When I was nine, Lili quitted her job and started her own business. She said she didn't want to stay at home and work as a housewife: "It's a waste of life." Lili became so busy that she spent less and less time with me. She didn't help me with my schoolwork. It was, in her words, "so that you can develop your independence". We quarreled because she rarely showed up at parents' meetings. Like mother, like daughter. I have many things in common with Lili. I want everything to be under control. I want to be perfect and I don't expect other people to help me. I push myself hard to achieve my goals. After I started to go to high school, Lili and I were too busy to communicate much with each other. In biology class I began to be depressed. When the teacher showed us a picture of a butterfly, I was scared and screamed. I had a vision of thousands of butterflies flying toward me. That night I told Lili about it. The next morning, I saw that she had red eyes with black circles around them. She took me to see a therapist . Three hours later, the therapist told Lili that my life was like a wheel spinning faster and faster and that was the reason for what had happened to me. I only realized it when my body couldn't stand the pressure anymore. At these words, Lili burst into tears. "It's all my fault, she's just a kid and I didn't have time to take care of her...." To be honest, I had never seen Lili cry before. After that, Lili began to spend more time at home, cooking and dragging me to do sports. I realized she was the one who would always be there when I was in real trouble. No mom is perfect, but she is the one who really cares about her kid. Lili quitted her job and started her own business because _ .
|
[
"she wanted to make more money",
"she was not willing to look after me",
"she didn't want to waste her life",
"she likes keeping busy"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mary was spending a few days over her grandma and grandpa's house. Mary and her grandpa went to the park on Thursday morning. She had so much fun with him, and they were smiling the whole time! He pushed her on the swings, then helped her go down the slide. After they left the park, they went back to her grandpa's house. Mary asked her grandpa to make her lunch because she was starving! He told her that he could make her a few things. She could choose between chicken and pasta, beef and rice, or pizza and salad. Mary asked him to make her chicken and pasta. They ate lunch together at the kitchen table. The next day, Mary and her grandma went to see a movie at the movie theater. There was a new cartoon movie about cats and dogs that she couldn't wait to see! They ate popcorn and candy, and Mary had some juice. On Saturday, Mary's grandparents brought her back home to her mom and dad. They were so excited to see her! Mary spent Sunday with her mom, dad, grandma, and grandpa. They had a big picnic, and it was a great end to the week. What did Mary eat for lunch on Thursday?
|
[
"Pizza and salad.",
"Beef and rice.",
"Chicken and pasta.",
"Popcorn and candy."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a floor lamp?
|
[
"11 pounds",
"11 tons",
"11 ounces"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Nowadays with the development of agriculture, farmers use more technology. However, they are being told more needs to be done to stop them injuring at work. One in five British workplace deaths happens in agriculture even though farmers are only a small part of the working population. During the year 2012/13 there were 1,061 injuries in total and it is thought many more go unreported. Jim Chapman from Warwickshire had his arm torn off by farm machinery seven years ago when he was 23. "You don't realize how much you rely on your second arm until it's gone," he said. He fell against a PTO shaft , a spinning metal bar at the back of a tractor. "It catapulted me from one side of the machine to the other," he said. "I landed on the floor, minus all my clothing. My left arm had been torn off." He admits that the machinery was missing part of its proper safety guard. "But again," he added, "it was a rushed day. There were a few machines that didn't work. Also, I was getting behind with the jobs." Over the last 10 years, other industries that you'd think of as dangerous, like building or quarrying , have lowered the number of workplace deaths and injures. In the farming industry though, deaths remain high with 34 deaths in 2012/13. Judith Hackett, the chair of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) says it is "not acceptable" that the accident statistics for farming are still high. "People in farming don't have minor injuries. When they get injured, it's bad." She said. "When I said to the National Farmers' Union (NFU) that if I had sons I would not want them to work in agriculture, it really made them sit up and take notice." There's a whole host of reasons why farming is as dangerous as it is. It is a very rough industry. Also, it's often because people are left alone. They could be young and inexperienced, or older people, who would have retired maybe 5 or 10 years ago in other industries. Jim wants others to learn from his experience. "Look at what you're doing before you go running in," he said. "You could make a mistake that you'll live with for the rest of your life." In British farming industry, _ .
|
[
"being a farmer is the most dangerous",
"old machinery was not replaced in time",
"farmers take up a large part of working population",
"the number of injuries is bigger than what the public know"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The term is most commonly used to refer to those eight schools considered as a group. The term is also connected with academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism . The term became official, especially in sports terminology, after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954, when much of the nation polarized around favorite college teams. "IV" was used because originally the league consisted only of four members. The use of the phrase is no longer limited to athletics, and now represents an educational philosophy inherent to ( ,)the nation's oldest schools. In addition, Ivy League schools are often viewed by the public as some of the most prestigious universities worldwide and are often ranked amongst the best universities in the United States and worldwide. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale University. All of the Ivy League's institutions place near the top in theU.S. News & World Reportcollege and university rankings and rank within the top one percent of the world's academic institutions in terms of financial endowment . Seven of the eight schools were founded during America's colonial period; the exception is Cornell, which was founded in 1865. Ivy League institutions, therefore, account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution. The Ivies are all in the Northeast geographic region of the United States. All eight schools receive millions of dollars in research grants and other subsidies from federal and state government. Undergraduate enrollments among the Ivy League schools range from about 4,000 to 14,000, making them larger than those of a typical private liberal arts college and smaller than a typical public state university. Ivy League university financial endowments range from Brown's $2.01 billion to Harvard's $26 billion, the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the world. Which of the following statements is true?
|
[
"There is no longer sports competition in the Ivy League.",
"Seven colleges were set up before the USA was founded.",
"Brown University has the smallest number of students.",
"Typical public state universities are larger than the Ivies."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
pouring milk on oatmeal
water evaporating from a puddle
|
[
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes."
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Scientists will put some robot fish into the sea near Spain this year. These robot fish will help people find out the pollution in the water. If the robot fish are able to finish their work successfully, the team of scientists hopes the fish will be used in rivers, lakes and seas around the world. The robot fish are about 1.5 meters long. There is a detector in their bodies. It can find the pollution in the water, and then the robot fish will eat part of it. They can "swim" for eight hours in the sea freely and send back information to people on the beach. After their energy runs down, they will go back to the beach by themselves. There are five robot fish altogether. Each costs about 29,000 dollars. They are part of a three-year project between engineering company BMT Group and Essex University in southeastern England. ,. (2,10) From the passage we know the robot fish will _ .
|
[
"begin to work this year",
"work in the sea near England",
"find out the pollution in the water",
"help to find other fish in the sea"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which example describes an organism taking in nutrients?
|
[
"a dog burying a bone",
"a girl eating an apple",
"an insect crawling on a leaf",
"a boy planting tomatoes in a garden"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You find iron in
|
[
"pure water",
"helium",
"our planet's crust",
"a cloud"
] | 2C
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Coincidences happen all the time to ordinary people, but the following events are perhaps some of the strangest of them all. 1. In the 19thcentury, the famous writer, Edgar Allan Poe, wrote a book called The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket. It was about four survivors of a shipwreck who were in an open boat for many days before three of them decided to kill and eat the cabin boy whose name was Richard Parker. Some years later, in 1884, the boat Mignonette sank, and only four survivors were left in an open boat for many days. Finally the three older members killed and ate the cabin boy. The name of the cabin boy was Richard Parker. 2. In Monza, Italy, King Umberto I went to a small restaurant for dinner. When the owner took King Umberto I's order, the King noticed that he and the restaurant owner were doubles, in face and in build. Both men began discussing the resemblance between each other and found many more similarities. Both men were born in the same place, on the same day, of the same year (March 14, 1844, Turin, Italy). On the day that the King married Queen Margherita, the restaurant owner had married a lady named Margherita. The restaurant owner opened his restaurant on the same day that King Umberto I was crowned King of Italy. On July 29, 1900, King Umberto I was informed that the restaurant owner had died that day in a shooting accident, and as he expressed his regret, someone in the crowd killed him! 3. Mark Twain was a popular American author who wrote famous books such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Mark Twain was born on the day of the appearance of Halley's Comet in 1835, and died on the day of its next appearance in 1910. He himself predicted this in 1909, when he said: "I came in with Halley's Comet in1835. It is coming again next year, and I expect to go out with it." Whose story is related to astronomy? _ .
|
[
"Mark Twain's",
"Edgar Allan Poe's",
"King Umberto I's",
"Queen Margherita's"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the most thermal energy?
|
[
"a blueberry muffin at a temperature of 32°C",
"a blueberry muffin at a temperature of 24°C",
"a blueberry muffin at a temperature of 19°C"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Of course, the main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork, but that's only superficial. Besides, in decent restaurants, you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough. The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if the host thinks you're in the country for the first time, he will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes. The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup then will be served (unless in Guangdong style restaurants) to be followed by staple food ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings. If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes, you should say so in good time, for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all. Perhaps one of the things that surprise a western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests. In formal dinners, there are always "public" chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness. It is always polite to eat the food. If you do not eat it, just leave the food in the plate. People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed. When you have had enough, just say so. Or you will always overeat! What's the main difference on dinner table between China and West is _ .
|
[
"On Chinese dinner table, chopsticks replace knife and fork.",
"The host will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes.",
"You're treated to a formal dinner for the first time.",
"You have your own plate of food in West while in China everyone shares the dishes."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these describes water in a solid state?
|
[
"Vapor rising in the sky",
"Hail during a storm",
"Waves crashing on the seashore",
"Rain falling from the clouds"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the lowest speed?
|
[
"a ship that moved 130kilometers south in 5hours",
"a ship that moved 220kilometers east in 5hours",
"a ship that moved 80kilometers north in 5hours"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When a blue light is shone on a yellow banana, what color does the banana appear to be?
|
[
"blue",
"yellow",
"green",
"black"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
To make Chinese students healthier and stronger, China's Ministry of Education has started a campaign. The campaign asks students to run every school day. Te campaign has started since October last year and will last until April this year. Kids at primary schools have to run 1km per day. It's 1.5kms for middle school students and 2 kms for high school and university students. And records will be set for every student. By the end of April 2009, a primary school student has to run 120kms in total/ A middle school students have to run 240kms by that time. Since the campaign started, people have had different ideas about it. Some people think it is good for students. They think the campaign can make students healthier. Some students have little exercise and the campaign can make them run. But some people don't think so. They think some schools don't have enough place for students to do running. If students have to run on the road, maybe it is not safe. They also think there are many ways to become healthier; running is not the only way. So they think the campaign is not a right decision. Which is NOT right according to the passage?
|
[
"The campaign started from April last year.",
"The campaign asks Chinese students to do exercise.",
"The campaign will set running records for each student",
"The campaign cares about the health problem of Chinese students"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sir Isaac Newton determined that white light is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What did he use to discover this phenomenon?
|
[
"a prism",
"a telescope",
"a microscope",
"a magnifying glass"
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you want to have a lot of close friends? In order to make it happen, you must do a lot of things right. You will learn tips on how to build a solid friendship. You should be extra respectful when you are at others' homes. For example, you must not make unpleasant comments about them. Once when I was at the house of a friend as a high school senior, I told him he had feet that looked funny while he had his socks off in his bedroom. He rebutted ,"If you're going to make fun of my feet, you can leave.'' You must _ For example, if you say you will do something for or with your friend, you must follow up on it. You must respect people other than your friends.This includes respecting your friends' family members and being polite to others in general. It is helpful to be supportive. You should try to provide help when your friends need it. You should understand them. Even if you do not agree with some of the things they do, you should show an understanding of why they do them and offer advice while avoiding telling them they are at fault for their problems. You must be caring. You must put care into the things you do for them and show concern for their troubles. Having a good attitude is a must. You must avoid being combative as well as being sad or mad too often. Take these tips to build solid friendships! What did the author mainly want to show by mentioning his friend in high shool?
|
[
"Friends should respect one another.",
"There is no perfect person in the world.",
"Making fun of friends is unpleasant.",
"It's impossible to take off one's socks before others."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we come to realize that those challenges are the very things that shape us and make us who we are,it is the same with the challenges that come withfriendship.When we are faced with a challenge,we usually have two choices. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing presenting the challenge isn't worth the trouble and call it quits.Although there are certainly times when calling it quits is the right thing to do,in most cases all that is needed is commitment and communication. When we are _ to something, it means that no matter how painful or howuncomfortable something is,we will always choose to face it through instead of running away from it.Communication is making a space for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong. If you can say to a friend,"I got my feelings hurt." rather than"You hurt my feelings."you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster. In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for what they are:small hurdles you need to jump or get through on your way through life.Nothing is so big that it is impossible to get over, and hurt only serves to make us stronger.It is all part of growing up,it happens to everyone,and some day you will look back on all of this and say,"Hard as it was,it made me who I am today.And that is a good thing." The whole passage is centered on the relationship between _ .
|
[
"friendship and challenges",
"commitment and communication",
"communication and friendship",
"challenges and the ways to get through"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's impossible to determine how many people would have lost their lives without the contribution of African-American inventor Dr Charles Drew. Charles Drew was born on June 3, 1904, in Washington, DC. His early interest was in education, but he was also an outstanding athlete. While in college, he was awarded as the man who contributed the most to sports during his four years in school. Drew's sister Elsie suffered from tuberculosis and died in 1920. Her death influenced his decision to study medicine. After becoming a doctor and working as a college instructor, Drew went to Columbia University, where he earned his Doctor of Medical Science degree. During this time he became involved in research on blood and blood transfusions. At Columbia, he wrote a paper on "banked blood", in which he described a technique he developed for the long-term preservation of blood plasma. Before his discovery, blood could not be stored for more than two days because of the rapid breakdown of red blood cells. Drew had discovered that by separating the plasma from the whole blood and then refrigerating them separately, they could be combined a week later for a blood transfusion. Drew became the first African American to receive a PhD in medical science. After World War II broke out, Drew was called upon to put his techniques into practice. He was named a project director for the American Red Cross but soon quit his post after the government issued an order that blood taken from white donors should be separated from that of black donors. On April 1, 1950, after he attended the annual free clinic at the John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital, he and other three physicians decided to drive back home. As he was tired from spending the night before in the operating room, he lost control of his car. Drew was badly injured and was taken to Alamance General Hospital in Burlington, North Carolina. He was pronounced dead half an hour after he first received medical attention. Drew's funeral was held on April 5, 1950, at the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church in Washington, DC. But contrary to popular thought, he was not refused a blood transfusion by an all-white hospital. He indeed received a transfusion but was beyond the help of the doctors attending to him. As Dr. John Ford, one of the doctors who survived the accident, later explained, "We all received the very best of care. The fact that he was a Black did not in any way limit the care that was given to him." Over the years, Drew has been considered one of the most honored figures in the medical field. We can learn from the passage that Dr Charles Drew is best remembered by people as _ . .
|
[
"an outstanding athlete",
"a college instructor",
"a medical researcher",
"a project director"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Evolution has changed our bodies and faces over thousands of years, and it's still happening. Here's how experts predict what people will be like in 1,000 years. We'll be about 1.83~2.13 metres tall because of improved nutrition and medical science. Our arms and fingers will get longer to reduce the need to reach too far. We'll have smaller brains, maybe because computers will help us memorize and think most of the things. There will be larger eyes and smaller mouths. And there may be fewer teeth as softer food needs less chewing and biting. We could even get our nutrition from liquids or pills in the future. We can expect other great changes too. Everyone will have the same shape of noses. That's because climate will have less influence on noses with the help of air conditioning and central heating. Besides, we will have more wrinkles as a result of looking at our electronic devices. We also may end up with saggy necks because extra sun will cause loose skin. And there will be darker skin as people move around the planet and races mix. ,. What will cause more wrinkles on our faces?
|
[
"Looking at electronic devices.",
"Wearing warm clothes.",
"Using central heating.",
"Getting extra sun."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Yesterday I went to the nursing home to visit my grandma. She just got out of the hospital recently where she had some serious operations. I wanted to surprise her after work, so I stopped by for a quick visit. When I got there, she was happy to see me. We hugged, kissed and exchanged greetings. Then I heard a woman crying. It was my grandma's roommate. The curtain was drawn so I could not see her. She started calling out a name that wasn't mine but she was certainly talking to me, begging me to go to her side of the room. I ignored her at first and continued visiting with my grandma. Then she started begging and saying, "Please, come to see me!" So I went to see her. When I drew the curtain back, she looked so old but flashed me the biggest smile! She opened her arms wide for me to hug her so I bent low and gave her a hug. I sat on her bed and talked with her for a few minutes. She kept calling me by the other name but I did not correct her. She told me stories as if I had been there when they happened. Finally I went back to visit with my grandma. Then the woman started crying again, saying, "Please, come back." She finally slept. I stopped by the nurse's station and the nurse told me that the lady suffers from Alzheimer's. I mentioned the name she had called me. The nurse told me it was the lady's daughter's name. Then I understood why she wanted me to go to visit her. We will all get old some day. Some of us will have broken minds like he lady and some of us will have broken bodies like my grandma. As I was leaving I promised I would go back and visit the lady, even after my grandma moves back to her home. Which word can be used to describe the crying woman?
|
[
"Selfish.",
"Lonely.",
"Strong.",
"Lazy."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some health care professionals recommend that children use insect repellent before going outside. Using insect repellent is a good way to keep the insects from
|
[
"reproducing.",
"laying eggs.",
"spreading disease.",
"dying."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Dear Abby, I'm a helpless mother.My son Tom is 15 years old.I find that the older he grows,the less we talk.I feel very sad and I really need help. My first problem is about his hobbies.He spends almost all his spare time on computer games.When he gets home.he always turns on the computer and closes the door.I'm getting worried about him,especially when his English teacher tells me he always gets low marks in the English exams. Second,he likes new technology,but I don't have enough money and I can't afford all the things he wants. Recently,I've found that he is always alone.I've never seen him talking to his friends on the phone or going out with anyone on weekends.That is the last problem I have. What should I do to help him?Please give me some advice. A helpless mother From the passage we know that Tom's mother _ .
|
[
"is not worried about Tom",
"feels very happy",
"is not rich",
"likes new technology"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
TOKYO, JAPAN--What do you do when you see a cockroach ? Do you hit it with a newspaper? Do you step on it? When researchers at Tokyo University see a cockroach, they take the remote control and make the cockroach turn around, run left or right, or go forward. These scientists are changing the cockroaches into robots. Each cockroach has a very small pack that has in it a microprocessor .Then researchers can send signals from the remote control to the pack. The signals control the movements of the cockroaches. Why does anyone want to control a cockroach? "Insects can do many things that people can't," says Isao Shimoyama, head of robot research at Tokyo University. In a few years, he says, these robot insects will carry very small cameras. They will be able to move through earthquake rubble to look for people or move under doors to find information about someone. This may seem strange, but the Japanese government thinks the research is very important. The government is giving the scientists $ 5 million for this research. First, the researchers breed hundreds of cockroaches. They use only the American cockroach because it is bigger and stronger than other cockroaches. Then they choose the best cockroaches and remove their wings and antennae . They put small packs where the antennae were. The packs weigh about three grams, or about two times the weight of the cockroaches themselves. "Cockroaches are very strong," says Ralph Holzer, who is a researcher at Tokyo University. "They can lift 20 times their own weight. " With a remote control, the scientists send signals to the packs. When a cockroach gets the signal, it moves. The problem is that the cockroaches don't always move in the right direction. What can cockroaches do to help people?
|
[
"They can lift 20 times their own weight.",
"They can help people to carry very small cameras.",
"They can breed hundreds of cockroaches.",
"They can search for those people in rubble after an earthquake."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A person wanting to signal with light could redirect sunlight with
|
[
"a shoe",
"a steel dish",
"a teabag",
"a cat"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you ever wondered why the roots of the plants always know which way to grow--into the soil but not above it? Some British scientists have recently solved this mystery. It turns out that roots have special hairs that tie them into the soil and help them grow their way past obstacles, a team at the John Inners Center in Norwich reports in the February 29 issue of Journal Science. "The key is in the fuzzy coat of hairs on the roots of plants," says professor Liam Dolan. "We have found a growth control system that enables these hairs to find their way and to become longer when their path is clear." Root hairs explore the soil in much the same way a person would feel their way in the dark. If they come across an obstacle, they make their way around until they can continue growing in an opening. In the meantime, the plant is held in place as the hairs grip the soil. The hairs are guided by a clever chemical trick. A protein at the tip of the root hairs called RHD2 helps them to take calcium from the soil. Calcium makes the hairs grow, and produce more RHD2, and take more calcium. But when an obstacle blocks the hair's path, or the hair reaches the surface of the soil, the cycle is broken and growth starts in another direction. This system gives plants the flexibility to explore a complex environment and to live in even the most unpromising soils, says Dolan. In poor soils such as in parts of Australia and Africa, native plants have adapted by producing enormous numbers of root hairs. A better understanding of this adaptation will allow scientists to develop hairy rooted crops that can grow in unfriendly environments. According to Dolan, "Research in the John Inners Center is taking a breeding approach to increase hair length in wheat but it will be some time before new cultivars are developed." The passage is mainly about _ .
|
[
"why the roots of plants grow into the soil but not above it",
"how the roots of plants grow into the soil but not above it",
"the process of plants growth",
"a growth control system of plants"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Today, traditional opinions about men still exist. A man has to be strong, brave, sports loving and manly. Anything less would not be considered manly. Sports such as football, basketball and boxing all tend to be men's sports. However, the dance of ballet is considered _ because it requires nice movements. This tradition is shown in the movie, Billy Elliot. Billy Elliot is a movie that protests against this traditional view of men. Billy Elliot is an eleven-year-old boy that has a natural talent for ballet dancing, but his father will not allow it. Billy's father wants him to take up boxing and become stronger, but Billy goes against his father's wishes and takes up ballet dancing. This difference of opinion makes Billy sad. What's more, his friends also laugh at him. After saving enough money, his father sends Billy to a weekly boxing course; however, Billy doesn't enjoy boxing because he always loses in matches and is often hurt. His ballet teacher, Mrs. Wilkinson thinks that men or women should not be judged by the activities they like to do, so she tells Billy's father that although he wants his son to make a good living, he should let his son do what he loves to do because he has a talent for it. When his father finally realizes the truth, Billy is surprised. In the end, with the help of his father, brother and all the people around him, Billy goes to the Royal Ballet Academy in London and becomes a very successful ballet dancer. Why is Billy laughed at by other children?
|
[
"He always loses in boxing matches.",
"He isn't strong.",
"He looks like a girl.",
"He loves ballet."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The oldest forms of medicine are enjoying a comeback. Modern holistic medicine is an approach that treats the whole patient, not just the disease. It is a way to maintain good health rather than cure illness. The most important influences on today's holistic medicine are ancient Chinese medicine and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, both of which promoted the whole body health. Holistic medicine usually combines diet, physical exercise and meditation, together with other alternative techniques such as massage and acupuncture . Herbal treatment ,a practice of treating illness by using plants, is influenced by the writings of Culpeper as well as Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Homeopathy is one of the forms of holistic medicine which is widely practiced in Europe and the USA. Homeopathy began in Germany in the early 1800s, when Samuel Hahnemann described how very tiny doses of a drug had an effect on his patients. According to Hahnemann, the more the drug was diluted , the stronger its effects. The substance selected would produce similar effects to the disease itself if given in large doses. In the UK homeopathy is regarded as a non-traditional but just about acceptable treatment. Meditation and contemplation have an important role in holistic medicine. They were brought to Europe by Indian teachers who combined Indian Ayurvedic medicine with Western beliefs. Transcendental meditation is one of the best known of these techniques. People repeat words inside their head to reach a state of deep relaxation. The holistic movement has made many doctors look at the whole patient, not just the disease. Life-style, emotional problems and diet are just some of the factors that can affect a person's health. Holistic medicine emphasizes good diet, exercise and fresh air, all of which contribute to health. Some clinics now offer holistic medicine along with traditional treatments, so that their patients can choose a combination of treatments that suits them. One problem with holistic medicine is that it is difficult for people to be sure a doctor is reliable. To solve this, many countries want alternative doctors to form professional bodies. What can we infer from the passage?
|
[
"Relaxation is the key of holistic treatment.",
"Holistic medicine needs to become more trustworthy.",
"Holistic treatment is more beneficial than traditional treatments.",
"Holistic medicine will become the most welcome treatment soon."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which would stretch the most?
|
[
"concrete sidewalk",
"ceramic flower pot",
"rubber ballon"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
My parents divorced when I was 8 years old. Their marriage was a mistake of World War II. And about 50 years ago, I was the only child I knew who didn't have a father at home on Father's Day. Divorce was very uncommon back then. So when my friends were in town shopping for presents for their fathers, I decided since my mother was both Mother and Father, no one else was like her, who better deserved(be worth) a present on Father's Day than her? I bought her a little set of tools, just a few things, hammer, pliers and screwdriver and a box to put all these things in. I got some ideas from my grandfather and named it Mother's Tool Box. She was excited, more at the thought of being cared for on Father's Day than of the present. She always said she liked her Father's Day memories better than the Mother's Day ones. It made her feel special -- and she was. I have noticed in the past few years, greeting cards are even made for "Mother on Father's Day". Ever since then, my mother has got cards on Father's Day. By the way, she knew just how to use those tools and others she had ever used over the years. Why did Mother feel special?
|
[
"She had more Father's Day memories.",
"She had only one child.",
"She was both Mother and Father.",
"She was the happiest one on Father's Day"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Amy Pankratz spent a few nights in the hospital with her daughter, Isabella, who caught a bad flu. "Lying in bed beside Isabella, I could hear the cries of children in pain, "says Amy. "It completely broke my heart." When Isabella was getting well and could leave her room, she wore her prized possession--a "superhero cape " Amy had sewn to encourage her--and walked into the hallway. The pink cape was an instant hit with the other young patients, who were doing exercise around the nursing station. "Then, all the kidswere taking turns wearing the cape, giggling, "Amy says. "These were some of the same children I had heard crying the night before, and here they were playing and having fun--kids just being kids!" From that moment on, Amy began making Comfort Capes for little ones battling with serious illnesses. "I felt God presenting an opportunity, "she says. "I hoped Comfort Capes can help these kids feel brave, to lift some of the fear away. " Since then, Amy has made and donated more than 5, 000 capes in the United States. Amy usually pays for materials herself, although she accepts donations. The capes she makes for kids in treatment are different from those her own children have. Before Amy starts to sew she learns what image or character the little boy or girl connects with. "I choose the pattern, color and theme specially for each child," explains Amy. When she is not sewing, Amy is raising awareness of childhood cancers and looking into ways to get Comfort Capes to more kids who need them, "If a cape can help a child, even only for a moment, forget his illness, it's worth the time spent sewing," she says. What made Amy feel sad when she was staying with her daughter in the hospital?
|
[
"Her daughter's serious illness.",
"The cries of children in pain.",
"The tiredness from sewing the cape.",
"The illness of children in her daughter's room."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Alice: Good morning, Bob. Bob: Good morning, Alice. Alice: Bob, this is Grace. Bob: Hi, Grace. Grace: Hi, Bob. Alice: Oh, what is that? Bob: It's my green key. Alice: What's this? Bob: It is a ruler. Alice: Is it your ruler? Bob: No. My ruler is red. This ruler is blue. Alice: Grace, is it your ruler? Grace: Oh no. It is Frank's ruler. Alice:40 . The ruler is _ .
|
[
"Alice's",
"Bob's",
"Grace's",
"Frank's"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a large soup pot?
|
[
"8 milliliters",
"8 liters"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What is a good education? The question is far from being answered. Once more, colleges and universities are changing their programs: they _ "fun courses" and restart some of the traditional subjects neglected since the 1960s. Many great schools are again requiring the students to take a number of classes in English, history, literature, the social sciences, philosophy, the natural sciences, and art if they want to get a degree. Meanwhile, the experts are trying to describe the good education of our time. Obviously the purely vocational training once favored is not enough. But neither is the gentleman's education of the nineteenth century. Educational programs must meet the demands of a modern world where men and women have to work and to deal with big problems. What, then, is a good education of this century? Some educators suggest that it should include foreign languages and the study of foreign cultures; a mastery of English, including the ability to write and speak well, because communications have become all-important in the modern world, and also because "a person who doesn't speak and write clearly doesn't reason clearly either"; some knowledge of the social sciences (sociology, psychology) that deal with human relations and human problems; some basic knowledge of modern science, which would enable future voters to be better informed about current problems like nuclear. Finally, many educators insist that all college graduates should be familiar with computers and modern information system since the educated professionals of tomorrow will have to understand their machines. Is that all? "No, of course not." answer the educators. "We have not mentioned the two great building blocks of education: history and literature!" Some educational experts believe a mastery of English should include the ability _ .
|
[
"to read fast",
"to write and speak well",
"to write clearly and accurately",
"to listen and speak skillfully"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It seems to be strange that there is a blind spot in the eye. Here is an interesting experiment that can make something _ when one eye is open. Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters "L" and "R" on it. "L" is on the left and "R" on the right. First, hold the card about 80 cm away and you can see both the letters. Then close your right eye and look at the letter "R" only with your left eye. And now, as you move the card slowly towards you, you'll find the letter "L" disappearing. But if you move the card nearer to your face, the letter will be seen again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed; you'll find the letter "R" disappearing. Why do the letters disappear? It is because there is a blind spot in the eye. When the image of the letter falls on the blind spot, it won't be seen. That's why one of the letters disappears. The writer of the passage thinks that _ there is a blind spot in the eye.
|
[
"few people know",
"no one knows",
"most people know",
"all the people know"
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What does harming an organism cause?
|
[
"change in appearance",
"nothing",
"population increase",
"population decrease"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As hand-held devices such as smartphones are becoming more common, users are reporting some new physical problems. Florida chiropractor Dean Fishman began noticing an increased number of patients talking about neck and shoulder pain. He discovered these symptoms were due to the overuse of hand-held devices, particularly the action of bending the neck, and then _ the term "Text Neck." As if the painful symptoms weren't bad enough, Fishman warns that an untreated case of Text Neck could lead to permanent spinal damage. Other doctors have warned about "iPad Hand," a condition that occurs when people use tablets like the iPad for hours at a time. Most people use their left hand to support the tablet and their right hand to tap or scroll. Doing this for long periods without changing positions can result in severe joint pain. In order to avoid or reduce the possibility of getting Text Neck or iPad Hand, use the following basic ergonomic principles: Avoid awkward positioning. Don't strain your neck, and stay aware of how you are positioned in relation to the device. Make sure that both your neck and shoulders are relaxed and that you aren't leaning over for a long period of time. Take frequent breaks when using any kind of mobile device. Many doctors recommend that users change their position every 15 minutes. When using a tablet, use a case that can support the device on a table or your lap at a comfortable viewing angle. Along with a case, use a separate keyboard with your tablet. This will be more comfortable since you'll be resting both hands on the keyboard. And since you won't be holding the tablet, you'll be less likely to experience hand or arm pain. What kind of product for hand-held devices does the writer discuss?
|
[
"One for recording.",
"One for charging.",
"One for telephoning.",
"One for typing."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Now satellites are helping to forecast the weather. They are in space and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere , because this is where the weather forms . They send these pictures to the weather station. So meteorologists can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change. Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours .This may mean the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this. So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for 3 or 5 days. Soon, perhaps , they may forecast the weather for a week or more ahead Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? Because _ .
|
[
"the weather satellites can do it easily",
"clouds form there",
"the weather forms there",
"the pictures can forecast the weather"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student crumples up a sheet of paper. Which property of the paper has changed?
|
[
"color",
"mass",
"state",
"shape"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following best describes the number of chromosomes in a normal human liver cell?
|
[
"23 pairs of chromosomes",
"46 different types of chromosomes",
"46 male chromosomes and 46 female chromosomes",
"23 original chromosomes and 23 duplicate chromosomes"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Every Christmas the giant tree inprefix = st1 /RockefellerCentersparkles with thousands of lights. From the beginning, when construction workers raised the first one during the depths of the Depression, it has been a symbol of hope. Diana Abad, like most Americans, loved that tree. In 1999, however, Diana was writing her will. The 33-year-old woman from Staten Island, New York, was diagnosed with leukemia and wanted to put her things in order. Doctors told her she had nine months to live. Her slim chance for survival lay in finding a bone marrow donor. The most likely source for a match is always among s -- but her family was tested and there was none. Then one day in February 2000, she got a call from the hospital saying that out of the four million people _ in the National Marrow Donor Program Registry, there was only one match. The potential donor was thinking about it. In March the donor agreed, and the transplant procedure was scheduled for March 27. On that day, a doctor came in with the marrow in a bag, and Diana remembers him saying:"This is it. If it doesn't graft within four to six hours, nothing will bring you back." Diana asked a priest to give her last rite . Almost immediately after the two-hour procedure, she felt stronger. Doctors told her it looked like the graft had taken. Donors are anonymous, but when she was better, Diana sent a note through the Registry: "You don't know the joy that I am experiencing," she wrote. "I hope that one day we can meet and I can thank you in person." It was several months before the donor replied. At first he didn't even give his name. He was 34-year-old David Mason, and he lived inDedham,Massachusetts. But eventually the two exchanged phone numbers and began to talk. Then unexpectedly and unannounced, he turned up at her door inEnglishtown,New Jersey, on December 23. She says it was love at first sight. He says he didn't feel it until they met the second time. That meeting began a long-distance romance that culminated under the Christmas tree in Rockefeller Center in December 2004. That's where David proposed to Diana. She, of course, said yes. Which of the following may be the title of the passage?
|
[
"Perfect Match",
"Successful Graft",
"Anonymous Donor",
"Lucky Christmas Tree"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Anna Craig, 11, has a paper doll covered with stickers. Each sticker is labeled with a word such as creative, cheerful, smart or kind. "We choose stickers that best describe us and put them on our dolls," explains Anna. "All these words are what makes me beautiful!" The activity is part of a program called Beautiful Me. The Hance Family Foundation, which was created to honor three sisters killed in a car accident, offers the program for free to schools. The program's goals are to help girls and young women build healthy levels of self-esteem and develop skills for handling problems and relationships with others. Beautiful Me explains that self-esteem means how you feel about yourself and what you think your value is as a person. "Girls of all ages benefit from recognizing what makes each of us valuable and different," says Kate Tuffy, who helped create Beautiful Me. "Our goal is to offer the program to as many girls as possible across the United States." About 6,000 girls have benefited from it due to her efforts. Beautiful Me organizers train teachers to present the program material to small groups of girls. It includes hands-on art activities, role-playing games about understanding body language and discussions on how to build friendships. Schools and groups present the program when they are ready. "The Beautiful Me program helps girls understand their feelings, solve problems and get along better in and out of school. Girls and women who have built healthy levels of self-esteem are more likely to be better friends to others and know how to solve conflicts," says Tuffy. Anna says she has learned all of that from the program. But most importantly, she has learned to appreciate the special qualities in people and that it's important to feel good about yourself. "When you feel good about yourself," Anna says, "it is easy to make others feel good, too! In Anna Craig' s eyes, beauty is _ .
|
[
"something that can be touched",
"the beautiful things found in nature",
"the good qualities inside of someone",
"the attractive appearance someone has"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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