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stringlengths 4
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Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly , for example by dipping it in water , it will be very hard but also very brittle ---that is , It will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily . It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly , for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly , the softer it becomes . Annealing can also be used on other materials, such as glass. Annealing can make metal _ .
|
[
"hard and tough",
"hard but brittle",
"soft but tough",
"soft and brittle"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Different people have different skin colours. Some have black skin, some have yellow skin, and some have white skin. There was a woman in Alaska. Her skin was orange in colour. It was almost the colour of orange juice. How did this woman become orange? She ate lots of tomatoes, carrots and pumpkins. She ate too many orange things. That's why she turned orange. The woman didn't want to be orange. She went to the doctor. The doctor said,"Stop eating orange things. Eat some green things." The woman did so, and she wasn't orange any more. The woman was orange because _ .
|
[
"she ate oranges only",
"she ate too many orange things",
"she had too much orange juice",
"she liked that colour skin"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people say dolphins are very intelligent. They seem to be able to think, understand, and learn things quickly. But are they smart like humans or more than cats or dogs? Dolphins use their brains differently from people. But scientists say dolphin intelligence and human intelligence are similar in some ways. How? Fact 1: Talk to me Like humans, every dolphin has its own "name". The name is a special whistle. Each dolphin chooses a specific whistle for itself, usually by its first birthday. Actually, scientists think dolphins, like people, "talk" to each other about a lot of things, such as their age, their feelings, or finding food. And, like humans, dolphins use a system of sounds and body language to communicate. But understanding their conversations is not easy for humans. No one speaks "dolphin" yet, but some scientists are trying to learn. Fact 2: Let's play Dolphins are also social animals. They live in groups, and they often join others from different groups to play games and have fun--just like people. In fact, playing together is something only intelligent animals do. Fact 3: Fishermen's helper Dolphins and humans are similar in another way: both make plans to get something they want. In the seas of southern Brazil, for example, dolphins use an interesting strategy to get food. When fish are near a boat, dolphins show signs to the fishermen to put their nets in the water. Using this method, the men can catch a lot of fish. What is the advantage for the dolphins in doing so? They get to eat some of the fish. What is the passage mainly about?
|
[
"Dolphins are smarter than humans.",
"Dolphins make friends with humans.",
"Dolphins teach humans to speak \"dolphin\".",
"Dolphins and humans are similar in some ways."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is your schoolbag too heavy to carry? The e-schoolbag will help you. In fact, the e-schoolbag should perhaps be called an e-textbook. It is a small computer for students. Heavy schoolbags have been a serious problem for them for a long time. But the e-schoolbag will change everything. It is much lighter than a usual schoolbag. Also, it is as small as a usual textbook, an exercise book and so on. They can be made into _ that are as small as a stamp. The students can read the text page by page on the "screen", take notes, or even send e-mails to their teachers. All they have to do is to put the right chip into the e-schoolbag and press the button. It is said that e-schoolbags have been put into use in some Chinese middle schools. In 2012, some students in Shanghai started to use e-schoolbags in the new term. Some say that e-textbooks can be easily broken. Some say it is not good to students' eyes. But only time will tell us all. We can use e-schoolbags for _ .
|
[
"our study",
"our work",
"the buttons",
"stamps"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the animal that has a backbone.
|
[
"pelican",
"bumble bee"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
ATLANTA, Georgia--- Alternative medicine --- including yoga, meditation, herbs and the Atkins diet ---appears to be growing in popularity in the United States, perhaps because of dissatisfaction with conventional care, the government said Thursday. More than a third of American adults used such practices in 2002, according to the government survey of 31,000 people, the largest study on non-conventional medical approaches in the United States.If prayer is included, about 62 percent of U.S.adults used some form of alternative medicine. The results seem to indicate more people are turning to alternative medicine, though the 2002 survey could not be directly compared to previous studies because of differences in size and survey methods, health officials said. The top alternative therapies included prayer (43 percent of adults) , natural products(19 percent), meditation(8 percent)and diets such as Atkins, Ornish, or the Zone (4 percent).More people also are using natural products such as herbs or enzymes to treat chronic or recurring pain , said Richard Nahin of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, part of the National Institutes of Health. "Many conditions are not easily treated with conventional medicine," Nahin sad. "It may be the public that is turning to complementary and alternative medicine because it's not getting relief from conventional medicine." But people should not be turning away from conventional treatments that are proven safe, said Dr.Stephen Straus, director of the alternative medicine center. "People are making individual decisions to neglect those therapies and we have concerns about those choices," he said. Health officials said they were concerned that 13 percent of those surveyed said they turned to alternative medicine because regular medicine is too expensive. "It needs to be explored ---we need to find out whether they were insured or not" Nahin said. Health officials also were surprised that 6.6 percent of those surveyed used the supplement kava , which has been associated with liver disease. "People make the assumption that because something is natural that it's safe" Nahin said. "But a number of studies have shown that natural products can be unsafe when used inappropriately or with other drugs." He said people considering using alternative medicine should consult their doctor first. From the passage we know that most people choose alternative medicine _ .
|
[
"because it has been proven safe to take",
"because experts confirm it all sidedly",
"because they are not satisfied with the conventional medicine",
"because conventional medicine is expensive"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a bathroom sink?
|
[
"12 milliliters",
"12 liters"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What information supports the conclusion that Scarlett acquired this trait?
|
[
"Scarlett is most interested in American history.",
"Scarlett learned history by reading."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Two people are pushing a car. One person is pushing with a force of 450 N and the other person is pushing with a force of 300 N. What information is needed to determine the net force applied to the car by the people?
|
[
"the direction of the road",
"the direction of the forces",
"the weight of the two people",
"the weight of the automobile"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the vertebrate.
|
[
"ladybug",
"peacock mantis shrimp",
"fire salamander",
"metallic tarantula"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Li Shizhen was born in 1918 in Hubei province. His father was a doctor. He learned a lot about medical herbs from his father and read many medical books. At the age of 23 he became a doctor. He often treated poor people's illness, so many peasants and fishermen made friends with him. The year he was 35 Li shizhen began to write the COMPENDIUM OF MATERIA MEDICA. He walked all over famous mountains which grew medical plants to learn their shapes. The conditions in which they grew and collected all sorts of specimens . He spent 27 years in writing this book. The COMPENDIUM OF MATERIA MEDICA with over 1,000,000 words, describe 1,800 kinds of medical plants. When the work had just been ready for printing and publishing , Lishizhen passed away. The COMPENDIUM OF MATERIA MEDICA introduces not only medical herbs growing in China but also many foreign medicines. After its publication the books reached foreign countries. It was translated into English, French, German, Japanese and Russian and became an important piece of _ in international medical research. The word "literature" in the article means _ .
|
[
"work of different science",
"letters from foreign countries",
"hope for the better future",
"books on special subject"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one animal that has all of the arachnid traits listed above.
|
[
"Earthworms live in soil and have no limbs. Their bodies are soft, cylindrical, and made up of many segments.",
"Laos giant forest scorpions have eight legs and a dark-colored exoskeleton. They live in humid forests in southeastern Asia. Laos giant forest scorpions have no antennae."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Normally and naturally, a daughter is more attached to her mother in comparison to her father or other siblings . The attachment is also due to the fact that the daughter finds it easier to believe in the mother on personal and biological matters at different stages while growing up. The bonding between mother and daughter will increase with their being together and going out on excursions. An excursion is a journey to some far-off place undertaken by people. It is not necessary that such a trip be taken on a lavish scale involving lots of money. It can be as short as an overnight trip to some place to improve bonding. To surprise her daughter with an unexpected excursion, mother can plan a trip to some local spa without the knowledge of her daughter. She can be ready with baggage packed and wait for the moment the daughter comes back from school. Once in the hotel they can enjoy the night together getting refreshing treatments like massage or mud packs. After relaxing spa they can laze in bed, enjoying favourite food or drink and if possible enjoying nature through the window. After a long period of relaxation, going out for a walk together will improve bonding. Going out overnight to enjoy walk at the beach, and relaxing at intervals without the interference of any other person can be a great idea of bonding. Being of the same sex, and often having the same set of likes and dislikes, they can spend time on makeup or applying nail polish. The daughter should never forget to thank the mother for the wonderful time they spent together, and the mother should never hesitate to say a few words of praise to the daughter. Going out for shopping together is a good bonding idea too. It is not essential that lots of money should be spent on shopping. The mother can take the daughter to some shops where she can buy her uniform or some other things. They can jointly enjoy window shopping, expressing love and gratitude for the other. According to the passage, an excursion .
|
[
"costs a large amount of money",
"is only suitable for a long journey",
"can be a short overnight trip",
"is not necessary to be arranged in advance"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A recent study shows that young people in the UK aged between 11 and 15 spend, on average,52 hours a week in front of a screen.Dr.Aric Sigman, a researcher from the British Psychological Society,believes watching too much TV can cause health problems for children,including attention deficit disorder and obesity .He said children under three shouldn't watch TV at all. Children aged between three and seven should watch no more than 30 minutes to an hour of TV a day; 7 to 12-year-olds should be limited to an hour,and 12 to 15-year-olds should watch one and a half hours at most. Both adults and children believe that it can be difficult to cut down on screen time."It needs a bit of effort,but small steps can make a difference,"says Dr. Aric Sigman.He also offered some tips to change the family's TV habits. TVs and computers should be placed out of children's bedrooms.Watching TV before going to sleep doesn't help children to settle . Having the TV and computer in a family room also means that parents can know what they are watching and who they are talking to online.Parents can tell children how much time they can spend watching TV or playing computer games.Parents can tell children to do something different,such as playing games or going out for a bike ride.Dr. Aric Sigman says:"We went into lots of schools and the children told us they wished their parents would take them to the park and play with them." What can we infer from the last sentence in the text?
|
[
"Children want to do more things for their parents.",
"Children want to spend more time playing with their parents.",
"Children are tired of school life.",
"Children don't like watching TV."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In early 2003, the Human Genome Project identified the sequence of base pairs in the genes in human DNA. With all of this information, many of the functions of the genes are still unknown. Currently, scientists are studying many of these genes in order to learn more about them. What is the significance of this new genetic discovery?
|
[
"It can provide new methods for creating diseases.",
"It can lead to faster chromosome replication.",
"It can lead to a simpler structure for DNA.",
"It can provide new ways to treat diseases."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Have you ever heard a news reporter talk about DNA?Reporters talk about DNA found at the scene of a crime.They talk about police finding DNA "fingerprints".Police sometimes use DNA as a clue to find out who committed the crime. DNA is a substance that makes up genes.Everything alive has genes.Plants have genes.Animals have genes.You have genes. Genes are the basic units of heredity .Heredity means all the characteristics you inherit from your parents.You get your genes from your parents.You inherit half of your genes from your mother.You inherit half of your genes from your father. Genes are a kind of code.A tree's genes tell what shape its leaves will be.A cat's genes tell what color its fur will be.Your genes tell what color your eyes will be.Your genes tell what color your hair will be.Everything about you comes from the code in your genes. Genes line up on strands called chromosomes in cells.Everything alive is made up of cells.Chromosomes are in the center,or nucleus of cells. Different parts of you are made of different kinds of cells.Your muscles are made of muscle cells.Your skin is made of skin cells.The code in your genes tells your body to make different kinds of cells.The genes in each cell tell the cell how to work.They tell the cell when to make new copies of itself. An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel first saw inherited patterns in pea plants.He experimented with pea plants in the 1860s.One of the things,or traits Mendel studied was what makes some pea plants tall and some short.He said that the traits must come from units of heredity passed from the parent plants.These units were later called genes. In the mid-1900s,scientists discovered that genes are made of DNA.In the 1970s,scientists learned how to change DNA with genetic engineering.Scientists also learned that problems with certain genes cause diseases.Muscular dystrophy,cystic fibrosis,and hemophilia are some genetic diseases--diseases caused by problems in genes.Today,scientists are looking for ways to cure genetic diseases by changing genes through a process called gene therapy. What is DNA?
|
[
"DNA is a kind of gene.",
"DNA is a substance that makes up genes.",
"DNA is the basic unit of heredity.",
"DNA is a measure to protect crime."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which watermelon has a lower temperature?
|
[
"the watermelon with less thermal energy",
"the watermelon with more thermal energy"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Young robins build the same kinds of nests their parents build even if the young birds have never seen their parents build a nest. This is an example of
|
[
"a learned behavior.",
"an inherited behavior.",
"a physical characteristic.",
"acquired characteristic."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
The wedding took place in a Birmingham hotel. The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sport car. Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front of the cameras. The bride wore a silk wedding dress. She smiled nervously at the waiting photographers and went to a room on the first floor where she met her future husband for the very first time. Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio station's competition. The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to marry without having met each other. Miss Germaine, 23, is a model. Mr. Cordell, 27, is a TV salesman. They were among the two hundred people who entered a special "experiment" organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham, England, Greg, and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on a radio. They took a lie detector test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their personalities. The competition judges include an astrologer who declared that they were suited. The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and a party for 100 guests in the evening, but not everyone shared their joy. Miss Germaine's mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. Cordell's parents are reported to be less than delighted. Organizations, including the marriage guidance Service Relate, have criticized the marriage. As one person put it, "We have enough problems getting young people to take marriage seriously without this. Marriage should always be about love." The couple are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists. Their other prizes include a year's free use of a wonderful apartment in the center of Birmingham, and a car. But will it last? How did the couple's parents react to the wedding?
|
[
"The bride's mother shared their joy.",
"The bride's father felt uncomfortable about the wedding.",
"The bridegroom's parents were not that joyful.",
"The bridegroom's parents were quite delighted."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The crisis at the damaged Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Station in northern Japan has raised worries about radiation risks. We spoke Tuesday with Jonathan Links, an expert in radiation health sciences. He is a professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Maryland. Professor Links says workers within the nuclear plant are the only people at risk of extremely high doses of radiation. JONATHAN LINKS: "Of course, we don't know what doses they've received, but the only persons at risk of acute radiation effects are the workers." For other people, he says, there may be a long-term worry. People can get cancer from low doses of ionizing radiation, the kind released in a nuclear accident. Professor Links says scientists can use computers to quickly model where radioactive material has blown and settled. Then they measure how large an area is contaminated. He says if the situation is serious enough, officials could take steps like telling people not to eat locally grown food or drink the water. JONATHAN LINKS: "But that would only be the case if there was a significant release and, because of wind direction, the radioactive material was blown over the area, and then settled out of the air into and onto water, plants, fruits and vegetables." The reactors at Fukushima are on the Pacific coast. But Professor Links says people should not worry about any radioactive material leaking into the ocean. JONATHAN LINKS: "Even in a worst-case scenario accident, the sea provides a very high degree of _ . So the concentration of radioactivity in the seawater would still be quite low." Japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it. That memory from World War Two would create a stronger "psychological sensitivity" to radiation exposure, Professors Links says. Next month is the twenty-fifth anniversary of the explosion and fire that destroyed a reactor at Chernobyl in Ukraine. The nineteen eighty-six event was the world's worst accident in the nuclear power industry. A new United Nations report says more than six thousand cases of thyroid cancer have been found. These are in people who were children in affected areas of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The report says that by two thousand five the cancers had resulted in fifteen deaths. The cancers were largely caused by drinking contaminated milk. The milk came from cows that ate grass where radioactive material had fallen. To get the latest updates, go to www.unsv.com. Contributing: James Brooke According to the passage which of the following is not TRUE ?
|
[
"Water people drink ,food and vegetables people eat may be polluted by nuclear radiation .",
"Japan is the only country to have had atomic bombs dropped on it.",
"You can go to www.unsv.com. to get the latest news .",
"The nuclear accident in Japan is the worst in the nuclear power industry."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Their beautiful call suggests the arrival of spring,but the routes taken by cuckoos during their annual migration have remained a mystery.Now,though,scientists from the British Trust for Omithology(BTO)have revealed the details of their remarkable 10,000-mile journey,with the help of tracking devices. Five male birds were caught in Norfolk last May and fitted with satellite-tagged "backpacks'' before being released.The scientists then monitored their progress over 12 months as they flew to Africa in the autumn,and returned in the spring. The project was carried out to discover why every year fewer of the birds return to Britain.Between 1995 and 2010,the population of cuckoos spending sumnler here fell by almost half,and the number is continuing to decline.Previously,the lack of information about the cuckoos'long migration has hamoered the understanding of how to help conserve the birds. Earlier this year,it was reported that cuckoos arrived in the UK much earlier than normal.Their call was recorded by ornithologists as early as February,a month ahead of their usual arrival. Like all migrating animals,cuckoos respond to the changing seasons.They depend on lush plants to provide the fruit and food for insects that they feed on.This reliance on seasonal patternsmeans that a changing climate could make an already challenging journey impossible for them. Cuckoos arrived in the UK much earlier than normal probably because of _ .
|
[
"1acking food",
"changing climate",
"changing routes",
"cold spring in the UK"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Edna investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do sunflowers grow taller if they are planted in planter boxes or in pots?",
"Do sunflowers grow bigger in sunny planter boxes or in shady planter boxes?",
"Which type of sunflower grows more leaves?"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Most children like chocolates, candies and other kinds of sweet food. Sometimes they put a lot of sugar into their food. They don't know that sugar is bad for their teeth. Children also like fast food. It is _ delicious than home cooking, and children can take it away and eat it anywhere. Other children like to eat too much meat. Fast food or too much meat doesn't help _ a strong and healthy body. Children grow fast. They need to eat more eggs, milk, corn ,fruit, vegetables and other healthy things. Eggs and milk are good for their bones. Corn gives them energy. Fruit and vegetables give them vitamins . Children should eat an egg, and have about 200ml of milk every day. It's best to drink milk after eating bread in the morning. They should eat 150g of corn to give them energy, too. They should also eat an apple or some other fruit with their breakfast. Eating enough vegetables is important for lunch and supper. What's the main idea of this passage?
|
[
"Children shouldn't eat sweet food.",
"Children grow quickly.",
"Children should eat home cooked food instead of fast food.",
"Children should eat more healthy foods."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which physical property is important to have in a material used in cookware?
|
[
"poor conductor of heat",
"good conductor of heat",
"low flexibility",
"high flexibility"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Assume all other forces on Emmet are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Emmet?
|
[
"The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Emmet.",
"The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Emmet."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries.These satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions to help people get to where they want to go.However,they can also cause a lot of problems,send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost.Many times,the driver is to blame.Sometimes a GPS error is responsible.Most often,says Barry Brown,it is a combination of the two. Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm,Sweden.He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States.There he borrowed a GPSequipped car to use during his stay.Mr Brown says,"They just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.And,then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived.They actually put their home address in.So again,the GPS is kind of 'garbage in garbage out'." Mr Brown says this is a common human error,but what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings,or failures,of GPS equipment.He says,"One problem with a lot of the GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn.Because they just give you the next turn,sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place." Mr Brown says,"One of the things that struck us,perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you're doing when you use a GPS.There are these new skills that people have developed.There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.This goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational skills." Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers,passengers and GPS systems work together. What's the main idea of the text?
|
[
"GPS systems are helpful for drivers.",
"Driving with GPS can be difficult to navigate .",
"Drivers should understand how GPS systems work.",
"Drivers should learn to use GPS systems correctly."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A light that is turned on will be connected to wiring, which will
|
[
"be shredded",
"feel toasty",
"be wooden",
"be icy"
] | 1B
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test before they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests are changing now to include a writing part. Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies have developed computer programs. These can grade student writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost less to carry out by computer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial intelligence to think in a way like teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing test began with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by the human readers. The entrance test commonly used by business schools, the GMAT, already uses e-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Test of English as a Foreign Language. Systems are also being used to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined. How do teachers feel all about this? Many say machines can never do the job as well as people can. A computer can find spelling and grammar mistakes. But these teachers say it can never really understand what a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea. But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems are meant to judge knowledge more than creativity. The best title of this passage might be _ .
|
[
"Computer-graded Writing",
"Human-graded Writing",
"How to Improve Students' Writing",
"Advantages of E-readers"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
THERE is an old saying: "Don't judge a book by its cover." It means that you shouldn't build your first impression of someone on his or her looks alone. But according to a new study, the famous sayingmight not be correct after all. A group of US scientists have found that the first impression we have of someone else is actually right most of the time. In the study, scientists asked participants to look at a photograph of a person and make a quick judgment about him or her. A month later, the participant and the person in the photo were introduced, and scientists were shocked to find that their judgments oftenmatch those that they had made originally. It's true that simply looking at someone won't provide you with as much information.But, according to scientists, when makinga first impression, people rely more on their instincts than on logic ."They focus on how that person makes them feel," Paul Eastwick of the University of Texas told Live Science. "It is very hard to get a sense of this information when simply viewing a profile .As soon as one sees another person, an impression is formed and what we see can sometimes _ what we know." Of course, no one can be right about everything and your instincts can go wrong sometimes. But even if it is proven to be wrong, once people form an opinion about someone, they have a hard time getting over that opinion later on. The findings help explain why people always tidy themselves up before meeting guests or doing job interviews. "Their face constantlyremindsus of that firstimpression," said Rule. People may learn more about another person over time once they get close to each other, but first impressions remain very important and seem difficult to forget. What did the US scientists of the University of Texas find out in their recent study?
|
[
"It's unwise to judge a book by its cover.",
"It's better to judge by logic than by instincts.",
"First impressions tend to last more often than not.",
"Profiles provide more information than you have imagined."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Teenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet as young adults. A study,which included nearly 1,400 high school students,found those who watched TV for five hours or more per day had less healthy diets than peers five years later. Why does this happen? Should the parents take any measures? On the one hand,people who spend a lot of time in front of the TV, especially teenagers,may snack more,and that may affect their long-term diet quality. On the other hand,TV ads for fast food,sweets and snacks tempt teenagers to eat more of those foods. And TV time might also replace exercise time for some kids. Lead researcher Dr. Daheia J. Barr-Anderson,of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis,told Reuters Health a clear correlation between TV time during high school and diet quality in young adulthood. While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food , those who'd watched less than two hours per day had the highest intake of fruits,vegetables, whole grains and high-calcium food. In her opinion,parents should limit and monitor TV viewing. As far as I am concerned,children should watch no more than two hours of television per day. And parents should set a good example by eating right,being physically active and their own TV time. What suggestion does the author give the parents?
|
[
"They must watch TV with their children.",
"They should forbid the children to watch TV.",
"They should pay attention to nutrition in diets.",
"They can't do what they don't want their children to do."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Eat like a king in the morning, a prince at noon, and a peasant at night. This saying is all about the importance of breakfast. And now scientists can tell us just why it's so important. According to a study carried out at Imperial College London, UK, skipping the first meal of the day not only means you eat more at lunch, but also that your brain wants to find more unhealthy foods. The study suggests that there is a special part of our brain called the orbitofrontal cortex , which plays an important part in making choices about what we eat. It is used for identifying the taste of food, especially when skipping breakfast. It is more likely to target high-calorie foods when you're on an empty stomach. Scientists did an experiment on this. Dr Tony Goldstone from Imperial College London, scanned the brains of 21 men and women, around the age of 25. On the first day, these people skipped breakfast before the scans. On the second day, they had cereal , bread and jam as breakfast. After the scan on both days, they had their lunch. When the volunteers had skipped breakfast, they ate around 20 percent more at lunch, compared with days when they had eaten breakfast.Their brain scans also showed the orbitofrontal cortex was especially responsive to high-calorie foods. "We believe that bit identifies the value of foods - how pleasant, how delicious something is," Goldstone told The Guardian. In the experiment, the volunteers without breakfast ate about 20% _ at lunch.
|
[
"of the usual breakfast",
"more than the usual breakfast",
"of the usual lunch",
"more than the usual lunch"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When I was a kid, my Mom liked to make breakfast food for dinner every now and then. And I remember one night in particular when she had made breakfast after a long, hard day at hospital. On that evening so long ago, my Mom placed a plate of eggs, sausage and extremely burned toast in front of my dad. I remember waiting to see if anyone noticed! Yet all my dad did was reach for his toast, smile at my Mom and ask me how my day was at school. I don't remember what I told him that night, but I do remember watching him spread butter and jelly on that toast and eat every bite! When I got up from the table that evening, I remember hearing my Mom apologize to my dad for burning the toast. And I'll never forget what he said: "Honey, I love burned toast." Later that night, I went to kiss Daddy good night and I asked him if he really liked his toast burned. He took me in his arms and said, "Your Momma put in a hard day at work today and she's really tired. And besides - a little burned toast never hurt anyone!" You know, life is full of imperfect things and imperfect people. What I've learned over the years is that learning to accept each other's faults is one of the most important keys to creating a healthy, growing, and lasting relationship. This good quality is the base of any relationship --- husband-wife or parent-child or friendship! As far as I'm concerned, I'm not the best engineer as expected. However, I have made my efforts. That's enough. So learn to take the good, the bad, and the ugly parts of your life. Burnt toast isn't a deal-breaker! Don't put the key to your happiness in someone else's pocket but into your own. We can infer from the passage that the author's mother _ .
|
[
"She was not good at cooking.",
"She hardly had time to cook at home.",
"She felt sorry for the burnt food.",
"She spent more time on breakfast than dinner."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why do scientists perform multiple trials of the same experiment?
|
[
"to include additional variables in the experiment",
"to complete the steps of the experiment in less time",
"to find a less expensive way to conduct the experiment",
"to increase the likelihood of accurate experiment results"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a long-distance running race?
|
[
"12 feet",
"12 miles"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
George Washington Carver showed that plant life was more than just food for animals and humans. Carver's first step was to analyze plant parts to find out what they were made of. He then combined these simpler isolated substances with other substances to create new products. The branch of chemistry that studies and finds ways to use raw materials from farm products to make industrial products is called chemurgy. Carver was one of the first and greatest chemurgists of all time. Today the science of chemurgy is better known as the science of synthetics . Each day people depend on and use synthetics made from raw materials. All his life Carver battled against the disposal of waste materials, and warned of the growing need to develop substitutes for the natural substances being used up by humans. Carver never cared about getting credit for the new products he created. He never tried to patent his discoveries or get wealthy from them. He turned down many offers to leave Tuskegee Institute to become a scientist in private industry. Thomas Edison, inventor of the electric light, offered him a laboratory in Detroit to carry out food research. When the United States government made him a collaborator in the Mycology and Plant Disease Survey of the Department of Agriculture, he accepted the position with the understanding that he wouldn't leave Tuskegee. An authority on plant disease--especially of the fungus variety--Carver sent hundreds of specimens to the United States Department of Agriculture. At the peak of his career, Carver's fame and influence were known on every continent. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"Carver never patented what he discovered.",
"Carver refused many offers to work in private companies.",
"Carver made little money out of his discoveries.",
"Carver helped Edison invent electric light."
] | 3D
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Steve Jobs made technology fun.The co-founder of Apple died last Wednesday at the age of fifty-six He had fought for years against cancer.Mourners gathered outside his house in Palo Alto, California, and Apple stores around the world. Tim Bajarin, president of a high-tech research and consulting company, said "If you actually look at a tech leader, they're really happy if they have one hit in their life.Steve Jobs has the Apple II, the Mac, the iPod, the iPhone, the iPad and Pixar." Steve Jobs was a college dropout.He was adopted by a machinist and his wife, an accountant.They supported his early interest in electronics. He and his friend Steve Wozniak started Apple Computer--now just called Apple--in nineteen seventy-six.They stayed at the company until nineteen eighty-five.That year, Steve Wozniak returned to college and Steve Jobs left in a dispute with the chief executive. Mr.Jobs then formed his own company, called NeXT Computer.He rejoined Apple in nineteen ninety-seven after it bought NeXT.He helped remake Apple from a business that was in bad shape then to one of the most valuable companies in the world today. Steve Wozniak, speaking on CNN, remembered his longtime friend as a "great visionary and leader'' and a "marketing genius ". President Obama said in a statement: "By building one of the planet's most successful companies from his garage, _ .By making computers personal and putting the Internet in our pockets, he made the information revolution not only accessible, but intuitive and fun." David Carroll is a professor at Parsons School of Design in New York City.He says Steve Jobs not only revolutionized technology, he also revolutionized American business. "The fact that he was able to redesign American commerce top to bottom and across is really stunning .He probably will be considered an industrial giant on the scale of Thomas Edison and Henry Ford, so one of the great[s] of all time." David Carroll said. Steve Jobs stepped down as Apple's chief executive in August because of his health.He died a day after the company released a new iPhone version that met with limited excitement.Apple's new chief, Tim Cook, will also have to deal with the new Kindle Fire tablet computer from Amazon.com.It costs less than half as much as an iPad but also does less. Why did people all over the world mourn Steve Jobs?
|
[
"He was very courageous in the face of cancer.",
"He became very rich though dropping out college.",
"He released a new iPhone version before death.",
"He revolutionized technology and made it enjoyable."
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the 1950s,a family who owned a farm near Beulah,Michigan kept a bull chained to an elm .The bull paced around the tree,dragging the heavy iron chain,which led to a groove in the bark.The groove deepened over the years,though for whatever reason,it did not kill the tree. After some years,the family took their bull away.They cut the chain,leaving the loop around the tree and one link hanging down. Then one year,agricultural disaster struck Michigan in the form of Dutch Elm Disease.All of the elms lining the road leading to the farm became infected and died.Everyone thought that the old elm would be next. The farm's owners considered doing the safe thing:pulling it out and cutting it up into firewood before it died.But they simply could not bring themselves to do it.It was as if the old tree had become a family friend.So they decided to _ . Amazingly,the tree did not die.Nobody could understand why it was the only elm that was still standing in the country! Plant pathologists from Michigan State University came out to observe the tree.They observed the scar left by the iron chain,now almost completely covered by bark.The plant experts decided that it was the chain that saved the elm's life.They reasoned that the tree must have absorbed so much iron from the chain that it became immune to the fungus . It's said that what doesn't kill you will make you stronger.Or,as Ernest Hemimgway put it,"Life breaks us all,but afterwards,many of us are strongest at the broken places." From the passage we can learn that the old elm was saved by _ .
|
[
"the groove in the bark",
"the fungus in the tree",
"the iron remaining in it",
"its own immune system"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What will man be like in the future -- in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is relatively a short period of time, so we may suppose that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain's capacity . As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and finally we shall need our brains more and more, and finally we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger. Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over long period of time it is likely that man's eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life. But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald. Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and motions similar to our own. The change in man's size of the forehead is probably because _ .
|
[
"he makes use of only 20% of the brain's capacity",
"his brain has grown larger over the past centuries",
"he will use his brain more and more as time goes on",
"the other 80% of his brain will grow in due time"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Thistle's phenotype for the fleece type trait?
|
[
"a hairy fleece",
"FF"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
NASA is moving ahead with plans to put a long-armed Lander on Mars' icy North Pole to search for clues for water and possible signs of life. The $386 million Phoenix Mars is planned to touch down in the Martian arctic in 2008. The stationary probe will use its robotic arm to dig into the icy land and pick up soil samples to analyze. In 2002, the Mars Odyssey orbiter spotted evidence of ice-rich soil near the arctic surface. Scientists hope the Phoenix mission will find clues to the geologic history of water on the Red Planet and determine whether microbes existed in the ice. Phoenix will be the first mission of the Mars Scout program, a renewed, low-cost effort to study the Red Planet. "The Phoenix mission explores new territory in the northern plains of Mars analogous to the permafrost regions on Earth," Peter Smith said. True to its name, Phoenix rose from the ashes of previous missions. The lander for Phoenix was built to fly as part of the 2001 Mars Surveyor program. But the program broke down after the well-known disappearance of the Mars Polar Lander in 1999. The Polar Lander lost contact during a landing attempt near the planet's south pole after its rocket engine shut off _ , causing the spacecraft to fall about 130 feet to almost certain destruction. The Phoenix probe had been in storage at a Lockheed Martin clean room in Denver before it was reused for its present mission. It will carry science instruments that were designed for the Mars Surveyor program including an improved panoramic camera and a trench-digging robotic arm. Phoenix will lift off from the Kennedy Space Center in August 2007 and land on the planet nine months later. The passage mainly tells readers that _ .
|
[
"clues of water will be found in Phoenix",
"Phoenix will be sent to find clues of water on Mars",
"August 2007 will see Phoenix lift off",
"the Mars Scout program will be carried out"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
These days, more and more people begin to look after their health by exercising. What sport should we do then? * Ping-pong Wang Bing opened up a ping-pong room. He was very surprised that there were so many people coming on the first day of the new year. He added five more tables, but it still couldn't meet the need. "I am pleased to see so many people like playing ping-pong. It's a very good sport for health, " said Wang Bing. * Basketball Xia Wen works in a bookstore. He often goes to play basketball in the middle school near the bookstore. "Although the students are having their summer holidays, to my surprise, the playground is crowded with people," said Xia Wen. Of course, there are some other sports that people can do to keep healthy. But it's certain that people who often exercise can work better. Nowadays, people look after their health by _ .
|
[
"playing ping-pong",
"playing basketball",
"doing exercise",
"working"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cancer is feared by everyone. And there is more and more fear about cancer. Not the disease itself -- there is no such thing as a high incidence rates of cancer. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are not on the rise. However, some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen . The ordinary, more or less, scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is "cleaned up." This is not at all the meaning. The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the world -- for example, the high incidence of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data show there may be specific environmental influences, but largely based on personal life-style, which determines the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities -- that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere. According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _ .
|
[
"to be based on inactive life style",
"to be due to anxiety",
"to result from environmental influences",
"to be caused by heavy smoking"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
BEIJING - A research team led by Chinese scientists have discovered dietary modulation of gut microbiota can alleviate both genetic and simple obesity in children. The findings of the team, led by Zhao Liping with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yin Aihua with the Guangdong province children's hospital, and Tang Huiru with Chinese Academy of Sciences, have been published on EBioMedicine, a renowned medical journal co-sponsored by Cell and The Lancet in July. The team identified bacterial genomes specifically for producing obesity-related metabolites , and said an improved gut microbiota can significantly help to treat genetic obesity such as Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). Beginning in childhood, PWS affected kids develop an insatiable appetite, leading to chronic overeating and obesity. The scientists used a diet therapy with beneficial gut bacteria on trial patients and found considerable _ appetite, weight loss and improved health conditions on the patients. The paper concluded dysbiosis of gut microbiota is highly related with both genetic and simple obesity in children, implicating dietary modulation of gut microbiota a potentially effective treatment method. Which might be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Chinese scientists discover treatment to child obesity.",
"The reasons for genetic obesity in children has been found.",
"Obesity-related research has been done by Chinese scientists.",
"An effective treatment to obesity has been found."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everyone wants to be healthy. Then do you know how to keep in good health? You may say, "Having a balanced diet and doing exercise can help us." I agree with you. _ 1 In fact, good sleep is also very important. Lots of people in the world have sleep problems. They can't sleep well at night. _ They are unhappy and stressed out. Then they may have some other health problems. _ 2 _ How can people sleep well at night? Here are some good ideas. _ 3 _ * Sleep in a quiet room. * Do some exercise before going to bed. It'll make you sleepy . * Wash your feet in warm water before you go to bed. * Have a glass of milk. It's pretty good for sleeping. * Don't think about boring things. _ 4Try to be relaxed. What's the best title of the passage?
|
[
"Do you have a good sleep at night?",
"Bad sleeping brings some health problems",
"A balanced diet is important to your health",
"The importance of milk"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you ever seen people dance? Some dances are fast and others are slow. People's feet always move when they dance. They keep on moving until the music stops. People have enjoyed dancing for a very long time. This story is of a different kind of dance. It is a dance without people or music. Yet this dance is one of the oldest in the world. It is the dance of bees. If you have ever watched bees, you know that they are very clever. They also work hard looking for food and bringing it back to their home. The home of the bees is called a bee hive. Here hundreds even thousand of bees live. They work day and night building small walls. There they make their honey. This is the same honey that we eat. Where does the honey come from? Bees live on food from flowers. Have you seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower, it tries to go to the centre of it. There it takes in as much food as its body can hold. Then it flies to take the food back to the hive. At the hive, bees change flower food into honey. Then they fly away for more food. How do the bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide. When it discovers good flowers, it flies back to the hive and tells the others. It does this by dancing for them. The bee dances on one side. This tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers. But that is not all. The bee dances for some time. And the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers. When the bees see the dance, they know where the flowers are. They fly away and return with more food for the hive. Sometimes we hear the music of the bees as they fly around. But few people have ever seen them dance. Yet without that dance we might never have sweet honey to eat. Which of the following is true?
|
[
"People get honey from flowers directly.",
"People draw honey from bees' bodies.",
"People produce honey in a secret place.",
"People get honey from bees indirectly."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you know why different animals or pests have their special color1s? Their color1s in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Some birds like eating locusts , but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their color1s together with the change of the color1s of crops . When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color1 as crops have. Some other pests with different color1s from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night. If you study the animal life, you'll find the main use of color1ing is to protect the animals themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters . This is because they have the color1s much like the trees'. Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over , its enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all. Bears and lions can keep safe because _ .
|
[
"they have the color1s much like the trees",
"they move quietly",
"they like brown and gray color1s",
"they live in forests"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a garden snail?
|
[
"1 yard",
"1 inch",
"1 mile",
"1 foot"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When a compression wave travels through a medium, in what direction is the medium displaced?
|
[
"upward",
"downward",
"in the same direction",
"in the opposite direction"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Compare the motion of two birds. Which bird was moving at a lower speed?
|
[
"a bird that moved 30kilometers in 5hours",
"a bird that moved 45kilometers in 5hours"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If your child has mobile internet access, it will be more difficult to monitor and control his or her internet use. Kids are turning to the internet for everything from hanging out with friends to shopping, which makes it harder for parents to keep track of their online activities. Fortunately, there are many choices for controlling what your kids see on their computers, laptops, and mobile devices. Content blockers and filters are great tools to use for younger kids. They allow you more control over where they go and what they do online. A content blocker can block some unhealthy websites or limit a child's search to the kind of sites. A content filter can scan sites and pictures and block those sites that contain certain words, key phrases, or content. Consider tracking software for older teenagers. This software enables you to see which sites your children have visited, tracking their path online. This tool gives young people more freedom to explore the Internet, but it also allows you to check that they are using the internet responsibly. Let your teenagers know that you trust them, but that you will be regularly checking that they are visiting appropriate sites online. Even if you use content blockers, filters, and trackers, you know that a lot of kids figure out ways to get around these, so it's important to remain alert . Remember that not all adult sites can be identified by blocker, filter, or tracker software. That's why it's important to talk to your kids about what to do when something inappropriate or scary comes up. Nothing can replace involvement and supervision by adults. Keep monitoring how your kids use the internet on a regular basis without getting into the role of internet traffic police. What is the passage mainly about?
|
[
"More and more kids have mobile internet access",
"Some choices for monitoring and controlling kid's internet use",
"It is difficult to monitor and control kid's internet use",
"Kids are turning to the internet for everything"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate club!" Just about every kid in the US heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it's accompanied by an appeal: "Just think about those starving orphans in Africa." Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of "cleaning the plate', perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow. According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies(,). A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate (......) quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little. Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion(,) sizes began (or grew) in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand . Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller. It's not that working-class Americans don't want to eat healthily. It's just that, "after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents." Which of the following is NOT true of working-class Americans?
|
[
"They work long hours.",
"They live from paycheck to paycheck.",
"They don't want to be healthy eaters.",
"They want to save money for their children."
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's three thirty in the afternoon at Raynham Primary School in London. Students are ready for their after-school math lesson. Thousands of kilometers away, their math tutors are also arriving for class. Each pupil gets an online tutor. The students work on their computer screen and wear a headset to talk to their tutor. Their classroom teacher, Altus, says he has seen an improvement in results. Nine-year-old Samia says she enjoys the online lessons. She said, "It helps me because sometimes when we're doing it in class, I don't hear the teacher very much and I don't understand, but online is better." Tom Hooper started the company. It provides the online tutoring. The company is called Bright Spark Education. Children today feel very confident online, so they enjoy their learning. Online tutoring costs between twenty and twenty-five dollars an hour. An online tutor is about half the cost of traditional face-to-face tutoring. Bright Spark Education says the online tutoring is used only as an addition to the regular teaching. The company says its service doesn't _ the teachers' jobs in Britain. Some parents say they are pleased with the results. But some students still hate math. Even with the latest technology to teach it, math is still not everyone's favorite subject. What's the main idea of the text? _
|
[
"Each pupil gets an online tutor.",
"Children feel very confident online.",
"Students in London learn math online.",
"Math is not everyone's favorite subject."
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Michelle Obama has just started a campaign against childhood obesity with the admission that she put her girls Malia and Sasha on a diet because they were getting fat. Clearly, childhood obesity must be solved urgently. But is it a good idea for mothers to put their daughters on diets? Studies show that the more children diet, the more likely they are to become obese as adults. Research also shows that girls are highly influenced by their mothers when it comes to eating habits and body image. This was the case for Carly, 40, who blames her mother for her lifelong struggle with weight. "My mother was on a diet the whole time I was growing up," she says. "And she put me on my first diet when I was 10. I lost puppy fat, gained her approval and never ate normally again." America's First Lady clearly has a vital healthy eating message to convey. But could this be damaging for Malia and Sasha? Could they develop eating disorders because of it? "It's wrong just to blame mothers for their daughters' eating disorders," says Susan Ringwood, chief executive of the eating disorders charity. "There is a genetic component to eating disorders." However, "We do know that parents have a very strong influence over a child's eating. It's important to realize that you are your daughter's role model. Girls idolize their mothers." says Ringwood. "No food should ever be 'good 'or' bad'," Ringwood says. Instead, "You have to make it clear that food is a sociable, healthy and fun part of life, not something to be feared." "Talk to her about body image," Ringwood says. "Talk about how curves are an important and exciting part of being a woman. Show her that anorexic ) fashion models are not sexy, but ill. The pressure on girls today is immense," she says. Never forget that you are the authoritative voice, too. According to Ringwood, _ .
|
[
"food is considered something fearful",
"food can be recognized as \"good\" or\" bad\"",
"only slim mothers are role models of their daughters",
"eating disorder has something to do with genetic component"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Amphibians such as frogs start their lives in eggs in
|
[
"the pond out front",
"in a camp fire",
"in the turn of the air",
"dark under belly of grass"
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is a source of food and growth for a mushroom?
|
[
"rotting organisms",
"sunshine",
"minerals in soil",
"water in soil"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Jackrabbits' hind legs are
|
[
"weak",
"stubby",
"elongated",
"short"
] | 2C
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The inventor of the world wide web,Tim BernersLee,has won an important award which comes with a prize bag of one million euros (PS671,000).The "Father of the Web" was named as the first winner of the Millennium Technology Prize by the Finnish Technology Award Foundation.He said he had just been "in the right place at the right time" and did not want his photo taken. In 1991,he came up with a system to organize,link and browse Net pages which revolutionized the Internet.The British scientist was knighted for his pioneering work in 2003. Sir Tim created his program while he was at the particle physics institute,Cern,in Geneva.The computer code he came up with let scientists easily share research findings across a computer network.In the early 1990s,it was called the "world wide web," and is still the basis of the web as we know it. The famous man never went on to commercialize his work.Instead he worked on expanding the use of the Net as a channel for free expression and cooperation. "The web is encouraging new types of social networks and opening up new ways for information management and business development.The web has significantly improved many people's ability to obtain information central to their lives,"said Pekka Tarjanne,chairman of the Millennium Technology Prize award committee. Just under 80 people from 22 countries were nominated for the prize for their work in the areas of health,communication,new materials and the environment. The Millennium Technology Prize was set up by the Finnish Technology Award Foundation,an independent body backed by the public and private money which aims to recognize outstanding creations. Sir Tim currently heads up the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston,where he is now based as an academic. Which of the following best describes Tim BernersLee?
|
[
"Optimistic.",
"Modest.",
"Ambitious.",
"Careful."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Andy wants to read several books from the required summer reading list. He must read one each from fiction, nonfiction, science, and history. There are 15 fiction, 12 nonfiction, 5 science, and 21 history books listed. How many different summer reading programs could he select?
|
[
"53",
"265",
"8910",
"18,900"
] | 3D
|
high_school_mathematics
|
mmlu
|
"You get excited about everything because you were born in the summer!" Does that sound like something your grandparents used to say to you? Of course, you're a learned person who doesn't believe in such things. But scientists now say that it might not all be superstition . Researchers from Semmelweis University in Hungary recently asked 366 university students to fill out a questionnaire. The answers given included things like "My mood often changes for no reason", "I love to deal with new projects, even if they're risky ", and "I complain a lot". They then compared students' answers to their birthdays. They found that the season of your birth may have some effect on who you are. Researchers found that people born in the summer were more likely to quickly change between sad and happy emotions. People born in the winter, however, were less likely to become angry. Spring birthdays were more likely to make people overly positive, while people born in autumn were less likely to be depressive . So, why could the seasons cause such differences? "Biochemical studies have shown that the season in which you are born affects some monoamine neurotransmitters ," lead researcher Xenia Gonda said in a written statement. "This led us to believe that birth season may have a longer-lasting effect." Monoamine neurotransmitters are given off from neurones . They affect our emotions. So the researchers believe they might have an effect on the development of our personalities. Different seasons also have different food and nutrients to offer. In addition, mothers usually get more physical exercise and enjoy more sunlight in warm seasons than in cold seasons. All these are "environmental factors " which may influence a person's personality, said Gonda. But the research only included a survey and didn't follow participants over time. More research is needed before a final answer can be given on the connection between season and personality. Don't worry, though. Even if the connection is proven, it won't mean that your birth month completely decides who you are. Being happy or sad is up to you. The study from Semmelweis University in Hungary intended to prove that _ .
|
[
"a person's birth season might affect their monoamine neurotransmitters",
"monoamine neurotransmitters might be connected to our emotions",
"people's personalities might depend on environmental factors",
"the season of a person's birthday may affect their personality"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
|
[
"Quartz is a pure substance. It is formed in nature.",
"Hornblende is formed in nature. It is a solid.",
"A skull is not a pure substance. It is formed in nature."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Boys and girls,as we all know,most people,especially young people ,tend to care about their hair much because hair plays a very important role in our appearance.But can you imagine what other uses hair has?Do you have any idea that human hair may become a new solar energy soutce?Before we begin with the new content of our Physics ,let me tell you a new invention first. It's reported that a Nepali teenager has designed a $32 solar panel using human hair. Milan Karki,who is 18 years old and lives in a village in rural Nepal,used human hair to replace silicon ,which is a common but expensive componet of solar panels. By using hair as a replacement,Karki says that solar panels can be produced for around $32,a price that could be halved if they were mass-produced. The solar panel works,because melanin ,which gives hair its colour,is light sensitive and can act as an elecrtical conductor.Kaiki was inspired to think of the idea by a Stephen Hawking book ,which explained how to create elecrtic energy from hair. The device that Karki has invented is capable of producing 9V or 18V of energy--plenty to charge a mobile phone. "Half a kilo of hair can be bought for only 16p in Nepal and lasts a few months;whereas a pack of batteries would cost50p and lasts few nights,"according to The Daily Mail. The solar panel is claimed to be easy to service as the hair is easy to replace. Karki has now seng out several devices to other disrticts near his home for tetimg .He said,"First I wanted to provide elecricity for my home,then my village .Now I am thinking for the whole worle." So next time when you have a haircut,do remember to keep your hair cut down to use for energy.Perhaps you can also provide elecrticity for your home,even your village using your own hair. Which of the following is true about the new invention?
|
[
"We can buy solar panel for around $32 using hair as a replacement in the market.",
"The device can produce 9V or 18V of energy.",
"Karki thought of the idea of inventing the device all by himself.",
"Kaiki provides elecrticity for his home using hair."
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of two sailboats. Which sailboat was moving at a higher speed?
|
[
"a sailboat that moved 170kilometers in 10hours",
"a sailboat that moved 100kilometers in 10hours"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Ethanol sometimes might be
|
[
"concocted",
"love",
"magic",
"affection"
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tom:Good evening, Mum. Mum:Good evening, Tom. Tom:Do we eat chicken for dinner, Mum? Mum:No, we eat fish and carrots, dear. Tom:Mum, I don't like carrots. I like chicken. Mum:But we need more vegetables, not only meat . It's not healthy to eat chicken every day. Tom:OK. But dad likes chicken, too. Mum:Well, let's eat chicken and tomatoes tomorrow . Tom:That sounds great! Does Tom's father like chicken?
|
[
"No, he doesn't.",
"Yes, he does.",
"We don't know.",
"No, he does."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dogs are prone to complex emotions such as jealousy and pride, according to scientific research that sheds new light on their relationship with humans. Dogs do not like seeing their owners offering affection to other creatures, especially other dogs, and react negatively when their owners bring home new partners, the research found. Psychologists previously believed most animals lack the "sense of self" needed to experience so-called secondary emotions such as jealousy, embarrassment or guilt. These emotions are more complex than feelings associated with instant reaction such as anger, lust or joy. Dr Friederike Range, of theprefix = st1 /UniversityofVienna's neurobiology department, has shown that dogs feel intensely jealous when they spot that they are unfairly treated compared with other dogs. The dog study is the latest into several species, including cows, horses, cats and sheep, which have shown that animals are far more self-aware than we thought. Dr Paul Morris, a psychologist at theUniversityofPortsmouthwho studies animal emotions, told The Sunday Times, "We are learning that dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are far more emotionally complex than we ever realised. They can suffer simple forms of many emotions we once thought only primates could experience. " In research among dog owners, Dr Morris found almost all of them reported jealous behaviour by their pets. The dog often tried to keep their owner away from a new lover in the early days of a relationship. Behavioural experts recommend owners keeping their dogs' routine as much as possible when a new partner or child comes along in order to prevent jealous activities from the dog such as interruptions with barking. Which of the following is the best title?
|
[
"Dogs, the favorite pets",
"Dogs can be jealous",
"Dogs can be angry",
"A discovery about animal behaviour"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
China Daily, the national English-language newspaper of China, keeps you in touch with China and the world with our mobile solutions. Now anyone can read our exclusive reports anywhere. Download your favorites! China Daily iPaper Want to read China Daily with your iPhone or iPad? Then look no further than China Daily iPaper. With China Daily iPaper, all sections are presented as full-content digital replicas , in their original layout . The application is free, and you can download your favourite news reports wherever you are. China Daily Digest Since the China Daily Digest application is now available on the iPad App Store, iPad users can read and download China Daily Digest's in-depth news reports, website exclusives and analysis , which will give you unique views on China's economy, society and culture. China Daily News A bridge connecting China and the world, the China Daily iPhone application lets you get the latest information and photos of China wherever you go. Specifically designed to use the characteristics and navigation of the iPhone, this application downloads the latest news of China directly to the device. China Daily Video China Daily Video iPhone application is a window to China, letting you get video products covering all of China's cultural heritages , natural wonders, interviews with famous people and major news events. If you want to enjoy full-content papers, you should choose _ .
|
[
"China Daily iPaper",
"China Daily Digest",
"China Daily News",
"China Daily Video"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Felicia's genotype for the ear type gene?
|
[
"straight ears",
"ee"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
He has climbed a high mountain, raced the 24-hour motorcycle track in France and even, walked from Tokyo to Kyoto, a distance of 500 km. Now Evolta, Panasonic's 7-inch Humanoid Robot is getting ready for his biggest challenge -- the Ironman Triathlon Championship in Hawaii. To compete in this exhausting contest, the green & white robot which is small enough to fit on a human palm, will have to swim 2.4 miles in the rough ocean, bike 112 miles across the hot Hawaiian desert and, run a full marathon distance of 26.2 miles in the painfully hot weather. Given that he is so tiny and powered by rechargeable batteries of Panasonic, he will be allowed some freedom in the way he competes. For one, he will be starting the race on October 23rd, 2011, three weeks following the real event and, while human competitors have at most 17 hours to complete the triathlon, Evolta will be given 7 days, during which his only "breaks" will be to recharge his batteries. The biggest difference however, will be that unlike a single human body doing all three races, there will be three different "Evolta" robot bodies competing -- each built for the specific race. Evolta the swimmer will be equipped with special arms to swim forward. Evolta the biker, will be on a little two-wheeler with training wheels, while Evolta the runner, will be fixed on what looks like a wheel. In spite of all these advantages, the robot's creator Tomotaka Takahashi believes that the race will be a huge challenge -- not only will Evolta have to battle the wind and sun, but also, small road obstacles that humans just step over. The water will be even worse thanks to the strong waves, tides and ocean winds. But if he does complete it, Evolta will add another feather in his cap and just prove the already well-known fact that Panasonic's rechargeable Evolta batteries are indeed the "world's longest-lasting batteries"! The text is mainly about a robot _ .
|
[
"using the energy-efficient batteries",
"accomplishing a challenging triathlon",
"winning human athletes for the first time",
"competing in the Ironman Triathlon Championship"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
New research has shown that loneliness may affect ants to a greater extent than many other living creatures. It has long been known that loneliness can lead to a shorter life. In humans, it has even been found to be a driver of high blood pressure, sleep disorder, and depression that's independent of factors like age, race, gender, weight and economic status. However, loneliness has never been identified as a factor that can cut human lifespan by more than a small part of the average. Ants, on the other hand, appear to be far more sensitive to this stress, with loneliness leading to a surprising 91 percent reduction in lifespan. That's at least according to a study that details how "lonely" ants only live up to six days on average. Ants living in a community, on the other hand, were found to live up to about 66 days. In a series of experiments where ants were picked from their colonies and separated, they were found to continuously walk without rest,consuming far more energy than they could ever. The reason for the behavior is that an isolated ant is simple trying to get back to its colony at all costs, and doesn't know what to do without its nest mates. After all, many entomologists would argue that an ant colony is far more a single living entity than its members. If you were to take a single part from a clock, it would simply move aimlessly as well, running without a purpose. However, while there is a difference between aimlessness and loneliness, the researchers found that the latter affects lonely ants more directly. The study indicated that ants can't even eat alone, as they normally collect some of the food they gather in the field in a specialized organ called a crop.This crop is normally shared with other ants back at a nest,but as for a single ant, it simply just sits there, undigested and useless. Why does an isolated ant walk non-stop?
|
[
"It attempts to return to its colony.",
"It wants to attract other ants to form a colony.",
"It hopes to make signals to its mates.",
"It has to find more food to survive."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do we really know what dinosaurs looked like? Of course we do. We see them everywhere, not only in museums, but also in movies, magazines, and even in the toys we get from McDonald's. Since the days of early cinema, dinosaurs have captured our imaginations. They are often shown as scaly beasts with sharp horns and crocodile-like bellies . But the big screen dinosaurs are "a leap from what we know", Mark Norell, who studies dinosaurs at the American Museum of Natural History in New York, told Discover magazine. The reality of drawing dinosaurs for movie studios, magazines, or museums is that the artist often only has half of a skeleton to work with. Many existing and newly-discovered dinosaurs do not have a complete skeleton, which makes it difficult to tell what they looked like. And even with a complete skeleton, there is a lot of room for interpretation. "Look at an elephant's trunk and ears," Jason Brougham, a dinosaur sculptor at the American Museum of Natural History, told Discover magazine. "It's impossible to guess those features by only looking at the skeleton." Researchers suggest that the dinosaurs of old could have had trunks like an elephant or even red necks like a turkey. They could have had colorful spots, stripes , and other interesting patterns on their bodies, just like snakes. Yet, with only a few fossilized bones to study, it is impossible to know for sure. Remember the cruel and quick-running velociraptors in the US film Jurassic Park? Now experts believe that they were much smaller than in the movies, about the size of a large chicken, the BBC has reported. Since the 1990s, some well-preserved dinosaur fossils have been found in China's Liaoning province. Thanks to that, we have known for a while that one group of dinosaurs was covered in feathers. And thanks to the recent discovery of a feathered plant-eating species in Russia, many scientists now believe more dinosaurs than we previously thought had feathers, much like a chicken. Also, in 2007, scientists confirmed that the closest living relative of T-Rex, the most feared and famous of all the dinosaurs, is a chicken. Now, who are you calling "chicken"? Jason Brougham used the elephant as an example to show that _ .
|
[
"some dinosaurs actually looked a little like ancient elephants",
"drawing a dinosaur takes much longer than people think",
"it is hard to know certain features of dinosaurs just by studying their fossils and skeletons",
"a dinosaur sculptor's main job is to find out about the dinosaurs' missing features"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Within a few short years, girls in Europe have become heavier smokers than boys, for reasons experts still fail to understand, according to a British study, presented last week to an international conference on smoking. Anti-smoking activists at the second "Tobacco or Health" conference in the Canary Islands pointed out that while grown-ups were giving up smoking in ever-growing numbers, more and more young people were taking up the habit, particularly girls. One 15--year--old in four is a regular smoker, according to a study made in 27 countries in Europe and the United States, Canada and Israel----Edinburgh University together with the World Health Organization. In Western Europe, girls were more likely than boys to smoke. In prefix = st1 /Germanyor In England, one third of the girls were smokers compared to one in four boys. In Eastern Europe, the girls "still fall behind" those in the Western Europe but were "catching up" quickly, said the study. The study dealt with the behaviour of 15--year--old in seven European countries over four year periods between 1986 and 1998. The percentages of young women smoking went from 17 percent to 36 percent in Austria, from 17 percent to 28 percent inNorway, from 21 percent to 28 percent inHungary. In the seven countries Austria,Finland,Hungary,Norway,Sweden,SwitzerlandandWales--more girls smoked than boys in 1998, exceptHungary. The study was made by_.
|
[
"Edinburgh University",
"the World Health Organization",
"Oxford University",
"Edinburgh University and the World Health Organization"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Pebbles's phenotype for the tail spots trait?
|
[
"a spotted tail",
"an unspotted tail"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Complete the statement. Assume that Duncan's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between Duncan and Earth () as he rode the escalator.
|
[
"increased",
"stayed the same",
"decreased"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the one substance that is not a rock.
|
[
"Trachyte is a solid. It is not a pure substance.",
"A skull is made by a living thing. It is a solid.",
"Syenite is not made by living things. It is not a pure substance."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Sam Berns wasn't like any other boy. He was 17 and he had an aging disease known as progeria. "Even though I have many difficulties in my life, I don't want people to feel bad for me," Sam said during a TED talk. Progeria affects approximately one in every 4 million to 8 million newborns. Right now, there are only about 200 children living with it worldwide. The genetic change tied to _ causes those with the disease to produce the protein progerin, which blocks normal cell function. His view on life is extremely inspiring. He had to face challenges no one else could even dream of. As children with progeria age rapidly, they suffer from a loss of body fat and hair and an inability to gain weight. That didn't keep Sam down, though. "All in all, I don't waste energy feeling bad for myself," Sam said. "I surround myself with people that I want to be with. And I keep moving forward." This boy from Boston was so amazing, famous people and athletes wanted to take him under their own. Last Saturday night could have been an amazing moment for Sam. One of his favorite teams, the New England Patriots, wanted to make him their honorary captain during a playoff game. Instead, it just was't meant to be. Sam passed away before he had a chance to stand next to his team, so they held a moment of silence before the game for him. Sam's unbelievable view on life, and his deep effect on others, is hard to forget. He was presented with so many challenges in life but he wasn't afraid to face them. Be more like Sam, this wonderful teen. Surround yourself with positive people, love them and move forward. We can infer from the passage that Sam Berns was _ .
|
[
"very fat",
"very thin",
"good-looking",
"young-looking"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sound waves travel fastest in
|
[
"air.",
"iron.",
"water.",
"a vacuum."
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , he number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way . First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree healthier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air . One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is important to make the area , which has been pruned , smooth and clean , for healing will be slowed down by roughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly . Why should running be done ?
|
[
"To make the tree grow taller .",
"To improve the shape of the tree .",
"to get rid of the small ranches .",
"To make the small branches thicker ."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
According to figures released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the U.K. has about 7.7 million families with dependent children, of which 3.7 million have just one child, compared to 3 million with two and 1.1 million with three children or more. The number of families today with just one dependent child is now 47 percent and will likely rise to more than 50 percent in a decade. As the ONS confirms, "It appears that families are getting smaller." One obvious reason for this could be that women are putting off having children until they have established careers when they are bound to be less fertile. But it could just as well be a matter of choice. Parents must consider the rising cost of living, combined with economic uncertainty and an increasingly difficult job market. And this trend may continue growing as having an only child becomes more normal, which seems to be the mood on the mothers' online forum Mumsnet, where one member announced that she "just wanted to start a positive thread about how fab it is to have an only child". She had received 231 replies, overwhelmingly in the same upbeat spirit. Parents of only children insist there are plenty of benefits. Nicola Kelly, a writer and lecturer who grew up as an only child and is now a married mother of one, says her 15-year-old son seems more grown-up in many ways than his contemporaries. _ In a moving recent account journalist Janice Turner wrote about her own keenness to "squeeze out two sons just 22 months apart" as a reaction to her only-child upbringing. She was placed on a pedestal by her doting parents, whom she punished with a "brattish, wilful" rejection of everything they stood for. Desperate for a close friend she was repeatedly shattered by rejection and refers to her childhood as being "misery". Writer and clinician Dr. Dorothy Rowe, a member of the British Psychological Society, says that we all interpret events in our own individual way and there are some children who no matter what their circumstances feel slighted, while other children see the advantages of their situation. However, the one part of life that is unlikely to get any easier for only children is when they grow up and find themselves looking after their own parents as they become older. From what Dr. Dorothy Rowe said, we know that _ .
|
[
"journalist Janice Turner experienced a miserable childhood",
"she has a positive attitude towards Janice Turner's reaction",
"it's necessary for us to look at the event from our own angle",
"some are unable to make an objective assessment of their conditions"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I had been a step-mother for six years, and with my husband,I had watched his young children growing into teenagers. Although they lived mostly with their mother, they spent a lot of time with us. Over the years, we all learned to become more comfortable with each other. However, I continued to feel somewhat like an outsider. When the children moved to a town five hours away, my husband was understandably destroyed. In order to keep in touch with the kids, we set up an e-mail and chat-line service. Ironically , this technology can make us feel out of touch and more in need of real human contact. If a computer message came addressed to "Dad", I'd feel forgotten. If my name appeared along with his, it would brighten my day. _ not just over the telephone wires. Late one evening, as my husband was snoozing , I was catching up on my e-mail, an "instant message" appeared on the screen. It was Margo, my oldest stepdaughter, also up late in front of her computer. We sent several messages back and forth, exchanging the latest news. When we "chatted" like that, she wouldn't necessarily know if it was me or her dad unless she asked. That night she didn't ask and I didn't tell her it was me either. After hearing the latest volleyball scores and the details about a coming dance at her school, I said that it was late and I should go to sleep. Her return message read, "Okay, talk to you later! Love you!" At this, a wave of sadness ran through me and I realized that she must have thought she was writing to her father the whole time. She and I would never have openly exchange such words of love. Feeling guilty for not telling her the truth, yet not wanting to embarrass her, I simply replied, "Love you too! Have a good sleep!" I thought again of their family circle and I felt again the sharp ache of emptiness and "otherness". Then, just as my fingers reached for the keys to return the screen to black, Margo's final message appeared. It read, "Tell Dad good night for me too." With tear-filled eyes, I turned the machine off. Why was the author's husband ever understandably destroyed at first?
|
[
"he couldn't see his children often.",
"he had an unhappy marriage.",
"his children didn't like him any longer.",
"he had got a kind of serious disease."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We are so used to having a cup of tea before heading off to work, during work or after getting back from work. Tea breaks are more like a custom that takes place regularly several times a day. This tea break tradition has been happening during the past 200 years or so. Tea just happens to be a wonderful drink for most of us. The day simply feels incomplete without a hot cup of tea. However, is tea good for you? In 2006, the papers were flooded with the news of research showing that drinking 2-3 cups of tea a day is as beneficial as drinking water, with even some additional health benefits. Another report published in November 2009, stated that drinking up to eight cups of tea a day is good for you. The research conducted by nutrition expert Dr. Carrie Ruxton, debunked the popular stories about caffeinated drinks like tea, coffee and cocoa. According to Dr. Ruxton, the caffeine present in tea tends to lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes. She says that drinking 8 cups of tea a day gives the drinkers "the best levels of health-giving substances" present in tea and other caffeinated drinks. Contrary to popular belief that tea does not contain more caffeine than coffee, it actually contains almost half the amount. Caffeine is a natural thing found in many types of food and drink. It's also something that can give you a much needed lift for a demanding and tiring afternoon ahead. Research shows that proper amounts of caffeine are safe for most people. So why not take full advantage of your tea breaks at work, or make time for afternoon tea while out shopping at the weekend? And remember that tea is not just a great drink, but it helps to keep you looking and feeling healthy. What would be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Tea and Disease",
"Tea--a Healthy Drink",
"Tea, Coffee and Cocoa",
"Drink Tea or Coffee"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which transition is most responsible for gaps in the fossil record?
|
[
"metamorphic rock to igneous rock",
"igneous rock to metamorphic rock",
"metamorphic rock to sedimentary rock",
"sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Is losing weight as simple as doing a 15-minute writing exercise? In a new study, women who wrote about their most important values, like close relationships or religion, lost more weight over the next few months than women who didn't. "We have this need to feel self-integrity (,)," says Christine Logel of the University of Waterloo. "When something threatens your sense that you're a good person, like failing a test, we can buffer that self-integrity by reminding ourselves how much we love our children, for example". For this study, the researchers recruited 45 female undergraduates, of whom 58% were overweight. Each woman was weighed, and was then given a list ofimportant values, like creativity, music or relationships with friends and family members. Each woman ranked the values in order of how important they were to her. Then half the women were told to write for 15 minutes about the value that was most important to her. The other half, a control group, were told to write about why a value far down on their list might be important to someone else. The women came back months later to be weighed again. Women who had written about an important value lost an average of 3.41 pounds, while women in the control group gained an average of 2.76 pounds. "How we feel about ourselves can have a big effect," Logel says. Maybe when one of the women who wrote about an important value went home that night, she felt good about herself and didn't eat to make herself feel better. Over a few months, that could make a real difference in her life, What were the females required to do in the study?
|
[
"Only the control group was given a list ofimportant values.",
"Both groups ranked the values in order of importance to them.",
"Each woman was weighed three times in the process of the study.",
"The overweight women wrote about the value most important to them."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
_ (from How Do Animals Move?) Many animals scurry up tree trunks to escape enemies or find food. Some live in the treetops. Many of these animals are not only expert climbers, but they also have found interesting ways to get from tree to tree. How Do Animals Adapt?andHow Do Animals Move? are comprehensive explorations of animal adaptations and movement for young readers. Both are part of a 21 book series,The Science of Living Things. InHow Do Animals Adapt?readers learn how animals adapt to survive with respect not only to climate, darkness, food and defenses but also to offspring and people. These adaptations are well explained in double page spreads with examples clearly depicted in photographs and diagrams and developed through their accompanying captions . As the title suggests, movement is the focus ofHow Do Animals Move?Beginning with a description of the explanation of movement, the reader is exposed to the many different ways of animals movement in the air, on land, under ground and in the water. Several unconventional variations (e.g. looping of inchworms, the rectilinear motion of snakes) are included. Once again, the photographs and diagrams plainly support the double page spread discussions of animal movement. The language of both titles is simple enough for young readers without talking down to them. In both books, terminology is featured in . Some of these words are explained in the basic glossary while the majority are explained clearly in the text. Many of these terms provide readers with some fascinating, uncommon words (e.g. brachiation, potassium, skein, and estimate). As do many of Kalman's book, both of these titles have a table of contents, glossary and index which are all enough to introduce young readers to the nature of these tools. Both titles would make excellent additions to any science collection for young readers. What do we know about the two books?
|
[
"They are in high demand.",
"They are easy to understand.",
"They have got confusing titles.",
"They are good choices for novel-readers."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
" Drink your milk.It is good for you! " You've probably heard that many times, and it is true.Milk contains calcium, which is a necessary nutrient for keeping bones and teeth healthy and strong.The US government even requires milk as part of the National School: Lunch Program, saying that students should drink one cup of fat - free milk at each meal. Last Thursday, however, a group of doctors asked the government to remove the lunch program.The Physical Committee for Responsible Medicine says, "Milk is high in sugar, high in fat and high in animal? protein," all of which have negative effects on health.The PCRM says there were better and healthier ways to get calcium such as eating beans, broccoli, cereals and tofu.Orange juice and soymilk that have calcium added to them also supply the nutrient."One of the only reasons people talk about dairy, or promote it at all, is because it is going to help build strong hones." says Dr.Neal Barnard, president of the PCRM.But milk may not be the best way to get calcium your body needs. Of course, calcium is important for health bones and teeth, but there are other things that affect your bone strength, such as genes, how much vitamin D you take in and getting an hour' s worth of exercise every day. Some nutritionists disagree with the idea that milk isn' t important.Keri Gans, a dietitian, says, " I think it is irresponsible to take this beverage that children enjoy, especially among those who are unable to meet their nutrient needs for the day, and remove it from lunch time." The US government is studying the request of the PCRM, but a decision may be a one way to take off.Meanwhile, Marion Nestle, a professor at New York University, put it best: " Milk demonstrably has nutrients.Other foods have the same nutrients.It' s just a food.Like other foods, too much might be a problem." Which of the following opinions does the PCRM support?
|
[
"Milk is harmful to students' health.",
"Students should drink more milk each day.",
"Orange juice is higher in calcium than milk.",
"Milk is the best way to get calcium."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours but get little satisfaction from what they do have twice the risk of dying from heart disease as satisfied employees, according to a study. Job stress has been known to cause heart problems in people who already have cardiovascular disease . Finnish scientists have now shown that even in healthy people the pressures of work can take their toll. High blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking and being overweight contribute to heart disease--a leading killer in many industrialized countries. But Mika Kivimaki, of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, and his colleagues, who studied the medical histories of 812 healthy Finnish men and women in a metal industry company over 25 years, said job stress also plays an important role. Workers who had the highest job-related stress levels at the start of the study were more than twice as likely to die of heart disease, according to the study published in The British Medical Journal. Work stress involves too much work as well as a lack of satisfaction and feeling undervalued and unappreciated. Many people work long hours but if the effort is rewarding the stress is _ The British Heart Foundation said the results support earlier research showing that people in jobs with low control, such as manual workers, could be as great risk of heart disease than other employees. " It is advisable for people to try to minimize levels of stress at work and for employees to allow people to have more control at work and to be rewarded for their successes," the foundation said in a statement. Healthy people may die from heart disease of _ .
|
[
"too much job stress",
"working too hard",
"feeling valued",
"being satisfied"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People these days always complain how they suffer stress from their daily life. With drugs widely available in the market today, it is still advisable that we consume the best kind of medicine for our body, that is natural drugs. One of the natural resources for a relaxation drug is the Valerian Root Extract. Scientifically known as Valeriana Officinalis, this plant is a flowering type with heads of pink and white flowers mostly blooming in the summer months. Native in Europe and in small parts of Asia, the plant became popular worldwide because of its sweet scent and unique health benefits. Past research suggests that the valerian root has healing characteristics that focus on the neurotransmitter of the brain, which makes the brain cells function well. Other researches about this herb suggest that it can keep a person free of anxiety. Although there are various types of valerian root products in the market today, modern medical studies have concluded that further research has to be taken into consideration before acknowledging the so-called benefits of Valerian Root Extracts. One sample of the so-called benefits is the treatment for anxiety disorder called "social anxiety disorder" or SAD. The benefit has _ evidence to support its claim as an alternative relief for anxiety. However, many patients said that they felt improvements on their nervous conditions, stress and overall mental ability. Valerian Root Extract can be acquired as a tea, tablet, or liquid extract. It is recommended that you consult your physician about this herbal plant if it can really benefit your health. What do we know about Valeriana Officinalis?
|
[
"It is also called Valerian Root Extract.",
"It is blooming all the year around.",
"It is only grown in European countries.",
"It is well received for its health benefits."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Q My daughter is a junior in high school and has been on an individualized education program since fourth grade. She plans to go to college and intends to finish with a master's degree. Her performance is fairly good, but test scores are very low. She has held many leadership and volunteer positions. We have been advised to have her write an essay about how her learning disability is a barrier that she has overcome. Will that help or hurt her chances for admission? --Deborah AFirst let me answer the question on low standardized test scores (ACT/ SAT). There are hundreds of colleges that are "test optional" which means students can choose not to release their test scores in the application process. Admission decisions at these colleges for students who do not submit their test scores are made based on other factors. A list of test optional colleges can be found atfairtest.org. It is important, however, to make sure that the college is the right fit academically regardless of the test optional policy. You also asked if your daughter should write about her disability and if this would hurt her chances of being admitted. Please know that colleges do not deny admission based on disability. "Disclosing" a learning disability in a personal statement within the college application can certainly help. By writing a personal statement, students can potentially demonstrate, for example, their understanding of the challenge they face. They might also demonstrate an improved grade trend in that subject area, and show interest in more complex courses in spite of this disability. More importantly, a student disclosure can show self-confidence, motivation and an understanding of the disability. --Ms. Kravis According to the text, Ms. Kravis is probably _ .
|
[
"an editor",
"a school leader",
"a psychological",
"an educational expert"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Enough" with the multivitamins already. That's the message from experts behind three new studies that tackled an often debated question: Do daily multivitaminsmake you healthier? "We believe that the case is closed - supplementing the diet of well-nourished adults with (most) mineral or vitamin supplements has no clear benefit and might even be harmful," concluded the authors of the editorial summarizing the new research papers. They urge consumers to not 'waste' their money on multivitamins. "The 'stop wasting your money' means that perhaps you're spending money on things that won't protect you long term," editorial co-author, Dr. Edgar Miller said, "What will protect you is if you spend the money on fruits, vegetables, nuts, beans, low fat dairy, and things like that. Exercising would probably be a better use of the money." The strong message was based on a review of the findings from three studies that tracked multivitamins link to cancer protection, heart health, and brain and cognitive measures. The first study looked at vitamin supplementation's role in preventing chronic disease. The next study looked at whether long-term use of multivitamins would have any effect on slowing cognitive decline. The third study looked specifically at multivitamins and minerals role in preventing heart attack. "The three studies found no difference in rates of chronic disease, heart attack and the need for hospitalization between vitamin-takers and placebo -takers." Dr. Edgar Miller stated. One expert agreed some nutrient-deficient people may still benefit from multivitamins. "There might be an argument to continue taking a multi(vitamin) to replace or supplement your not healthy diet," Dr. Edgar Miller added. He also notes that vitamins can benefit people with celiac disease and those who are pregnant. Which of the following is NOT Dr. Edgar Miller's opinion according to the passage?
|
[
"Vitamins should not be used for chronic disease prevention. Enough is enough.",
"Having a balanced diet and exercising would probably be a better way to keep healthy.",
"The three studies do not provide support for use of multivitamin supplements.",
"Taking vitamins to replace or supplement your healthy diet is necessary."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Camp Invention Program will be held through July at the Hillcrest Intermediate School, North Huntingdon. It exposes children to science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) through hands-on activities. The Camp Invention Program, created by Invent Now Kids, was founded in 1990. Now it has grown to include almost l,500 sites across the U. S., with thousands of children attending the program each year. "Our main purpose is to help children develop a greater interest in the fields of STEM," said Lori Bryne, the Senior Regional Program Manager. Children in the camp will be given the opportunity to explore the unknown and put ideas into practice. The program will challenge children to real world situations that will help them build a team spirit and life skills. The program will include five modules this year. One module will feature "Problem Solving on Planet ZAK". It will challenge children by creating a world of science fiction. Imitating a "crash" onto a planet, children will be asked to figure out ways to stay safe, find food and to "rebuild" their spacecraft, using a variety of common objects. Another module will be "Saving Sludge City" which will have children find ways to create a cleaner and eco-friendly city. "Imagination Point: Ride Physics" asks children to work as interns in the world's newest and largest theme park called "Imagination Point". Children will learn the basic principles of motion through hands-on activities related directly to rides. Another feature of the camp will be the "I Can Invent" which will focus on the real world of inventions by having children explore the process of invention. The final module will be "Global Games" which will introduce games ranging from those played in ancient times to the present day to children. "We want to encourage children to go into the fields of STEM," Bryne said. "This program is a fun way to do that." What can we learn about "Problem Solving on Planet ZAK"?
|
[
"It encourages children to write science fiction stories.",
"It introduces many ancient games to children.",
"It asks children to work together to deal with an air crash.",
"It challenges children to build a spacecraft using common objects."
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Too many people want others to be their friends,but they don't give friendship back.That is why some friendships don't last long.To have a friend,you must learn to be one.You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you.Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules:be honest;be generous;be understanding. Honesty is where a good friendship starts.Friends must be able to trust one another.If you do not tell the truth,people usually find out.If a friend finds out that you haven't been honest,you may lose the friend's trust.Good friends always count _ on one another to speak and act honestly. Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow.You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes.Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings.These can be very valuable to a friend.They tell your friend what is important to you.By sharing them,you help your friend know you better. Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and helping with a problem.Something may go wrong at school.Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve.Turning to a friend can be the first step in solving the problem.So to be a friend you must listen and understand.You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so you can understand the problem better. No two friendships are ever exactly alike.But all true friendships have three things in common.If you plan to keep your friends,you must practice honesty,generosity and understanding. Which of the following isn't mentioned in the passage?
|
[
"Always tell your friends the truth.",
"Sharing your mind with your friends is of great value.",
"Discussing your problems with your friends often helps to solve the problem.",
"A friend who gives you his lunch money is a true friend."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a kiddie pool?
|
[
"1,085 liters",
"1,085 milliliters"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Travelling and even living abroad can be great for broadening your horizons and learning about different cultures. However, after returning home from being abroad for a long period, many people can suffer from the problem of reverse culture shock. Reverse culture shock is a condition that happens when you return home and find things have changed greatly from how you have remembered them while you are away. It develops feelings of anxiety, hostility and boredom. One of the biggest change people encounter when returning home after spending a great deal of time abroad is that their relationships with friends and family are not as familiar as they once used to be. While reverse culture shock is a very common condition, there are actually many ways you can deal with and lessen the effects of this condition. Posting a regular blog, or updating your status on Facebook or Twitter, can really help to keep your friendships with people back at home. The best thing about posting regular updates is that your friends and family always know what you are getting up to, so they won't be surprised by the changes they see in you when you do finally return home. You could even ask close family and friends to keep you updated on life at home so you are not left feeling shocked by changes that might happen while you are away. If you are left feeling a bit upset that none of your friends want to hear all about your amazing travel stories when you get home, then why not try sharing the world with them by writing online travel reviews. For those who are considering travelling abroad, your experiences could prove very useful, and may even encourage them to do some of the things you are lucky enough to have experienced while you were away. Reverse culture shock can happen when _ .
|
[
"one enters a new culture",
"one has been used to a foreign culture",
"one returns from abroad after staying there for a long period of time",
"one is back from a long holiday"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
This is not a diet. It's a simple way to lose weight. You don't have to give up the food you love or join a gym. You just follow some habits thin people have. Keep them, and you'll become thin. *Wake-up When you wake up in the morning, sit up slowly without using your hands. With legs straight out, lean forward until you feel sore in your back. It will use up 10 calories. *Start with soup Order a clear soup, and have it before the main food. In this way, you'll feel fuller, so you'll eat less when the main food comes. *An apple or more a day Apples are full of fiber and water, so your stomach will want less. Studies show that people who eat at least three apples or pears a day may lose weight. *Talk it up Every time you use the cell phone, stand up and walk around. Heavy people sit on average two and a half hours more each day than thin people. This skill is very important and standing up and walking around will burn up 50 or more calories. Use these skills, and you will have a big weight loss. The text is to encourage you to _ .
|
[
"go on a diet",
"give up your favorite foods",
"join a gym",
"follow some habits of thin people"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I was sure that I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous. I felt in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes, which had escaped their search. I found one and because of my shaking hands, I could hardly get it to my lips. But I had no matches, they had taken those. I looked through the bars at my jailer . He did not make eye contact with me. I called out to him "Have you got a light?" He looked at me and came over to light my cigarette. As he came close and lit the cigarette, his eyes absently locked with mine. At that moment, I smiled. I don't know why I did that. Perhaps it was nervousness, perhaps it was because, when you get very close, one to another, it is very hard not to smile. Anyway, I smiled. I know he didn't want to, but my smile went through the bars and generated a smile on his lips, too. He lit my cigarette but stayed near, looking at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile. I kept smiling at him, now considering him as a person and not just a jailer. "Do you have kids?" he asked. "Yes, here, here." I took out my wallet and nervously felt the pictures of my family. He, too, took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes were filled with tears. I said that I was scared that I'd never see my family again, never have the chance to see them grow up. Tears came to his eyes, too. Suddenly, without another word, he unlocked my cell and silently led me out and set me free. "My life was saved by a smile." Yes, the smile--the unaffected, unplanned, natural relation between people. I really believed that if that part of you and that part of me could recognize each other, we wouldn't be enemies. We couldn't have hate or scare. Which of the following do you agree with most?
|
[
"The jailer helped him because he was a friend of the writer.",
"There would be no hate or fear if there is understanding.",
"A picture of one's family is helpful in time of trouble.",
"The writer had no chance to see his children again."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In some locations, squirrels sleep for long periods of time during the winter months. Which of the following most likely causes these squirrels to sleep for long periods of time?
|
[
"increase in humidity",
"decrease in temperature",
"clouds forming in the sky",
"winds blowing in the night"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What form of energy is stored in a battery?
|
[
"chemical",
"sound",
"light",
"heat"
] | 0A
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I was in my first year of college, making friends and enjoying life, but then my whole world turned upside down. I had a heart attack. It felt like someone was stabbing me in the chest with a knife over and over again. After three months of rest I went back to college, but then things took a turn for the worse. I was staying at my Nana's house and woke up in the middle of the night with a terrible pain in my chest. I knew I was having a heart attack again. I couldn't even shout for help. Luckily my grandpa was going to the toilet and heard me falling out of bed. If it wasn't for him, I probably wouldn't be here. The two holes in my heart were causing the problems and I needed an operation immediately to repair them. Unfortunately, the surgery didn't go well and they only managed to repair one of the holes. When I woke up from the operation, I had a really dry mouth and couldn't wait to have something to eat and drink. The biggest shock of all came when I was told that I needed a heart transplant and was put on the register. The doctors were stunned at how quickly heart failure came on - it usually takes years, but it took my heart less than six months to get to that stage. My whole world came crashing down, but I stayed strong. It was a choice between crying every day and getting on with my life. As time went on, life became even harder. I hated feeling weak all the time and needing help with everything. It got to the point where I thought I would never get a new heart. I was diagnosed with depression. Even though I thought that Christmas 2008 would be my last, I really enjoyed it and even had a good New Year. Everyone was crying for me when the clock struck midnight and they told me to keep fighting. A week later, I got a call from the doctors saying they'd found a suitable donor . My wish came true and thankfully the operation went well. I spent four hours in surgery where they took out my old heart and put a new one in. When I woke up I burst out crying. I had a second chance at life. Which one would be the best title for the text?
|
[
"Choices matter",
"Rebuilding my world",
"Waiting for a new heart",
"The most special Christmas"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
BEIJING, prefix = st1 /China(CNN) ---China's economic growth dropped to 9 percent for 2008, according to numbers released by the government Thursday --- in line with expectations, but still the slowest rate the nation has seen in seven years. Economists are concerned about what the slowdown means for investment in the future, whether new projects will be undertaken in manufacturing companies and in factories. If not, it will translate into more job losses and erase any optimism about a rebound in 2009. Since 2001, Chinahas been used to double-digit growth as consumers buy Chinese goods. However, the export sector was hit hard in late 2008, with December exports down 2.8 percent. Consumer spending has mostly held up in China, as people there do not carry as much debt as their American counterparts and can continue to spend. Consumer confidence, however, is a problem, said Dong Tao, Asia chief economist for Credit Suisse. Infrastructure is the only thing driving the Chinese economy, Dong said. Tens of thousands of Chinese factories have closed, millions of people are looking for jobs and an untold number of migrants who can't find work may be leaving cities for good because of the slowdown, which would have been unheard of six months ago. Fourth quarter numbers showed growth at 6.8 percent. Goldman Sachs predicted 6.5 percent, down from 9 percent in the third quarter. For all of 2008, Goldman Sachs had predicted 8.8 percent, down from 11.9 percent in 2007. Which of the following is NOT the difficulty Chinais facing?
|
[
"Tens of thousands of factories have closed.",
"Millions of people are looking for jobs.",
"An uncertain number of migrant workers may be leaving cities forever.",
"The terrible situation will erase any optimism about a rebound in 2009."
] | 3D
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The red crab lives on Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean and has been found nowhere else in the world. But on its homeland it is a very significant species -- some 120 million individuals cover the rain forest floor and play a major role in determining the structure of the ecosystem. These large crabs are active during the day but prefer to stay in the shade and can die in the heat of direct sunlight. They feed on fallen leaves, seeds, fruits and flowers, recycling nutrients and helping to determine the spread and composition of native plants. Most of the year the red crabs live in the holes they dig throughout the forest. During the dry season they hide in these shelters to keep their body wet and remain there for two to three months. But when wet season returns in October or November they begin a legendary mass migration to their seaside breeding grounds, moving in color1ful wave that wash over all obstacles like roads (including special passages and some closed roads built for the red crab) and even seaside cliffs. The annual migration is also closely tied to the lunar schedule. The crabs arrive at the coast and breed at such a time that the females can produce eggs and develop them in caves for a dozen or so days before carrying them into the sea exactly when high tide turns between the last quarter and new moon. During this period sea level on the beaches varies the least and offers an easier approach, which is so important that if the weather delays the migration crabs will put off laying eggs until the next lunar month. Red crab eggs grow right away, and the young live in the sea for a month before returning to the coast, changing into air breathers, and slowly returning inland to begin the cycle once again. What's important for the red crab to reproduce their young?
|
[
"The right caves.",
"The number of the crabs.",
"The movement of the moon.",
"The temperature of the tide."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sabina Castelfrancol Rome October 16, 2011---The U.N. World Food program says there are growing concerns over food insecurity in the developing world. Some of those concerns are discussed in a report to agree with the anniversary Sunday of World Food Day. The theme for World Food Day 2011 is "Food prices-From Crisis to Stability". A ceremony to mark World Food Day will be held Monday at the headquarters of the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. Rising food prices, weather emergencies and political instability are deepening the struggle of families trying to provide for their households in many developing nations. This year's "State of Food In security in the World" report, published last week, focuses on the impact of food price _ confirming that high, unpredictable prices are likely to continue. The report highlighted how poor consumers, small farmers and countries dependent on imports, especially in Africa, have been deeply affected by the food and economic crises. Gregory Barrow is with the World Food Program in Rome. "if you look at the places where World Food program works particularly in developing countries, you see populations of people who might be spending 60,70,80percent of their salaries on purchasing food for their families". Barrow added that if prices become changeful and generally start rising, even by a small amount, it means that many of these people are going to struggle to put nutritious food on their tables. The report also showed that even short-term fluctuations in prices can have a long-term effect on development, and that cutting back on nutritious food in the first 1.000 days of a child's life can affect mental and physical development and finally, future earning capacity . The United Nations has programs in place aimed at reducing the number of hungry people by one-half by 2015.But most observers agree this target is unlikely to be reached. Which is the best title for this passage?
|
[
"Concerns about World Food Day",
"World Food Program",
"World Food Day2011",
"State of Food Insecurity in the World"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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