question
stringlengths 4
6.54k
| choices
listlengths 2
5
| answer
class label 4
classes | subject
stringclasses 32
values | dataset
stringclasses 4
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Have you heard of snake robots? Scientists and doctors are already using tiny snakes that coil through the human body armed with sharp surgical tools to perform operations on hearts, prostate cancer, and other diseased organs. The snake robots that carry tiny cameras, scissors and forceps, and even more advanced sensors are being developed. The next generation of the robots will be wireless, and will explore inside your body on their own--- not attached to any cables. For now, they are powered by cables that humans control. Experts say the day is coming when some robots will roam around the body on their own. But the experts in robotics say the new creations work best when they are designed for very specific tasks. Howie Choset has been researching and building robots, particularly snake robots. He believes that his snake robot and others like it can help reduce medical costs by making complex surgery faster and easier. Choset says his new design is smaller and more flexible than earlier models. The size of surgical robots allows surgeons to operate with far less damage to the body, helping the patient heal faster. Choset has also built larger snake robots designed for search and rescue, or just exploration. They can climb poles and trees and then look around through a camera in the head and slither through places that humans cannot reach. " We sent our snake robots into these caves in the Red Sea to look for evidence of ancient Egyptian ships," he said. " To me, archeology is like search and rescue, but everyone has been dead for 5,000 years." The doctors are very excited about the potential for surgical robots to do things that humans can't do. The variety of sensors available for surgical robots keeps expanding. As they get smaller, maybe one day they will be able to test chemicals or blood in the body, or even the electrical connections in nerves. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?
|
[
"Snake robots are only used in the medical field.",
"Snake robots can reduce the patients' medical costs.",
"Scientists are uncertain about the prospects for snake robots.",
"Scientists are forced to spend a lot of time researching snake robots."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A thing which makes shifts to different forms may be gaining the ability to do so due to
|
[
"ear changes",
"understanding chemistry",
"temperature changes",
"growing teeth"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the most thermal energy?
|
[
"an 800-gram rock at a temperature of 31°C",
"an 800-gram rock at a temperature of 24°C",
"an 800-gram rock at a temperature of 20°C"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The exam period is always a stressful time and it does not do justice for our mind and our physical body. We all cope with pressure in various ways. Yet you have no fear because there are ways to keep a healthy mind and healthy body. Whether you are planning your week or planning your day of study, a revision timetable will keep you focused and it will make it a lot less difficult to achieve those glorious high marks. A timetable will direct your efforts in the right direction. Besides, you also enjoy the satisfaction you get as a result of completing the most impossible timetable. Strict deadlines and time management techniques increase your confidence and make you work more efficiently . Unfortunately, the work does not stop after perfecting the revision timetable. It is much easier to get motivated but more difficult to insist. It is fundamental that you choose to study in a quiet place where any distractions are out of sight. However, one mistake we all make is where we sit down, bury ourselves in books and remain in the same position until the sun goes down. You may think you have had a highly productive day of revision but in fact the quality of your work would have been better if you had allowed yourself short and often breaks. There is of course a limit to how long you can concentrate for. Therefore, it is important that you get some fresh air throughout the day. These breaks help to absorb what you have learnt and help avoid information overload. And lastly, avoid separating yourself from everybody else. Remember we have all felt under pressure at one point. Ask questions if you do not understand something. Learn to talk about it with friends or family when you are feeling stressed. You will have the ability to put everything back into a bright future. What does the text mainly talk about?
|
[
"How to design revision plans for exams.",
"How to increase confidence to pass exams.",
"Some suggestions of dealing with exam stress.",
"The influence of exam stress on people's mind and body."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Albert Einstein died long ago. However, a group of researchers have created a robot which looks like the great scientist. The robotic Einstein is very special because the researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) have taught their realistic robot to smile, frown and make other complex facial expressions. Scientists believe that babies learn to control their bodies through movements, including learning to speak. "We use the same idea to work out the problem of how a robot could learn to make realistic facial expressions," said Javier Movellan, director of UCSD's machine Feeling Lab. ks5u The San Diego researchers directed the Einstein robot's head to turn in all directions. The robot could see its expressions in a mirror and then use the software to provide data for machine-learning to match facial expressions to the movements of its small motors. Once the robot learned the relationship between facial expressions and the muscle movements, it learned to make facial expressions. Its head has about 30 facial feelings, and each is moved by a tiny motor connected to ht e skin by s sting. Although we've never met Albert Einstein, we have a feeling that the new robot isn't exactly a fair representation of now of the best minds of the 20th century. The figure does not have the grace of the great man, but it can recognize human expressions and react to them in the right way. In fact, if you smile at it, it will smile right back to you. "As far as we know, no other research group has used a robot to make realistic facial expressions," said computer scientist Tingfan Wu, a computer science PhD student who worked on a more exact facial expression robot. This robot is special mainly because it _ .
|
[
"looks just like Albert Einstein",
"can make various complex facial expressions",
"can walk and talk to people",
"can turn its head in all directions"
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For every woman who feels like she's had to scale back her personal ambitions since becoming a mother, gold medal cyclist Kristin Armstrong has a message: Don't give up on your dreams. She retired after winning gold in Beijing to start a family; son Lucas arrived in 2010, but then she decided to compete again in the London Olympics. She won a gold medal at last. The decision to start training again wasn't easy. "I struggled with that a lot," she told a newspaper. "At the beginning I felt selfish, I felt like, 'Well, I'm not supposed to be thinking of myself anymore. It's all supposed to be for my kid.'" She faced physical challenges of getting back into competition shape after giving birth, as well. When she started racing in the spring of 2011, she was still breast-feeding; she would nurse her son, then race, then breast-feed again after the race. Her days revolved around Lucas and training. "I feel like I'm able to do what I love to do and still manage a family and have that balance," Armstrong said. "That you have a family or a child doesn't mean that you have to stop going after what you dream of individually." Armstrong makes balance look easy, whether it's on her bike or as an athlete-mom. But she points out that you can't have it all without making some sacrifices. For example, don't expect a neat home--her husband, Joe Savola, who she describes as her support system and her "protector", says he's had to give up on trying to keep everything orderly at home and just accept that their living room has become Lucas's playroom. For Armstrong, she's sacrificed time with friends who had kids around the same age--there just wasn't time. Now, she says, "That sounds like fun to me." As she heads home to Boise, Idaho, she's ready to do regular mom stuff. We can know from the passage that it _ for Armstrong to keep a balance between her family and dream.
|
[
"was quite easy",
"made her feel tired",
"surprised herself",
"was a hard job"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Below are three examples of using energy from natural resources. Select the use of energy that did not add to air pollution.
|
[
"A wood-burning oven was used to bake a pizza.",
"The engine on a garbage truck burned natural gas.",
"The curved mirrors of a solar cooker focused sunlight on a pot, heating the food inside."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It is also the most neglect . Common reasons for not eating breakfast include having no time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike and dieting. Breakfast simply means "break the fast''. Your body spends at least 6 to 12 hours each night in a fasting state. In the morning your body needs energy for the day's work ahead. A good breakfast should provide 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day. On average, we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner. If breakfast doesn't appeal to you in the morning, try eating a lighter dinner earlier in the evening or save half of your dinner for breakfast in the morning. If you still aren't hungry in the morning, start with something small like juice or toast or have a nutritious mid-morning snack later when you are hungry. So, you say you are on a diet. Some people fear that eating breakfast will make them hungrier during the day and they will eat more. It is true that eating breakfast is likely to make you feel hungry throughout the day. That is because your body is working correctly. Although you may feel as if you are eating more all day long, in reality you are probably not. Not eating breakfast can also cause you overeat, since a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel very hungry later. To make matters worse, since your body is in a slow state, it will not be able to burn those extra calories very efficiently . If you feed your body healthy snacks and meals throughout the day, you are less likely to become hungry and stuff yourself as soon as you begin to eat. Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, choosing the right food is important. The best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat and grain products such as bread, rice, noodles and cereals. If you don't want to have breakfast in the morning, according to the writer's suggestion, you should _ .
|
[
"see a doctor to have an examination",
"have a little supper",
"go to a restaurant to enjoy a good meal",
"have a good supper"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following is true about abdominal pain?
|
[
"Peptic ulcer pain is usually experienced in the hypogastrium",
"The pain of irritable bowel syndrome is usually well localised",
"The pain of oesophagitis is usually retrosternal in site",
"The pain of pancreatitis usually radiates to the groin"
] | 2C
|
clinical_knowledge
|
mmlu
|
What information supports the conclusion that Bruce acquired this trait?
|
[
"Bruce is most interested in plant biology.",
"Bruce learned biology by doing experiments."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Imagine your body is like the house you live in. Every day, your family creates rubbish. The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection. Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected. You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week. The following week you put on another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week. But again, only two bags are collected. Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks. This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys don't work efficiently. Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products. Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the _ process that may lead to kidney failure begins. It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection difficult. Kidney's main job is to remove toxins and unwanted water from our blood. Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood. Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no apparent pain. Research shows that more than 25% of the patients requiring dialysis do not see a kidney specialist before they have to do so. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage.Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades.Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercises, which are the potential risk factors for the kidney disease. The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that _ .
|
[
"it's safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste",
"it's important for our body to empty the waste in time every day",
"our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently",
"it doesn't matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What's the most expensive place to station an employee overseas? London? Tokyo? Sao Paulo? Try Luanda, Angola. That's the finding of a survey by Mercer, the world's largest human resources consulting firm, headquartered in New York City. Two African cities (Luanda, N'Djamena) were in the top 10, along with four (Moscow, Geneva, Zurich, Bern) in Europe, three (Tokyo, Singapore, Hong Kong) in Asia and one (Sydney) in Australia. Switzerland alone has three cities in the top 10. Mercer's 2013 Cost of Living Survey examined data from 214 cities worldwide, comparing a market basket of over 200 goods and services, including unfurnished luxury two-bedroom apartments or three-bedroom houses, movie tickets, blue jeans, international newspapers, coffee, fast food restaurant meals, gasoline, milk and soda. If it sounds odd that Angola would be the most expensive, Mercer's Barb Marder explains that"Despite being one of Africa's major oil producers, Angola is a ly poor country yet expensive for expatriates since imported goods can be dear. In addition, finding secure living accommodations that meet the standards of expatriates can be challenging and quite costly."The survey found similar supply issues in N'Djamena, Chad, the other top 10 city in Africa. Mercer measured locations worldwide against New York, on a U.S. dollar basis, meaning that exchange rate shifts could impact the rankings. For example, although Tokyo is Asia's most expensive city for people who live in a foreign country, the weakening of the Japanese yen against the dollar makes it seem cheaper than it was a year ago. Canada, too, has become a bargain as the U.S. dollar strengthens against the Canadian dollar. Measurements were taken in March, 2013. What's the trend in the United States?"Overall, U.S. cities either remain stable in the ranking or have slightly decreased due to the movement of the U.S. dollar against the majority of currencies worldwide,"explains Mercer's Steven Nurney. However, that may change as real estate prices rise nationwide. New York is the nation's most expensive place to station expatriates. While housing is generally the most important factor in the survey rankings, the survey revealed some other significant differences in prices. For example, you may need a vodka chaser after paying $ 8.29 for a cup of coffee in Moscow, but the same coffee in Managua, Nicaragua would cost only $ 1.54. Expect to pay $ 20.10 for a movie ticket in London, versus $ 5.91 in Johannesburg. Which of the following cities may be the cheapest for employees overseas?
|
[
"Geneva.",
"Sydney.",
"Tokyo.",
"New York."
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A-DTom, Betty, Sophia, Jane. A. This book will help you understand how to stay well and avoid sickness. You'll learn some things that you might use at home to avoid catching a cold. B. This book has useful information about how to prevent common accidents. It's about safety both indoors and outdoors. C. This book will tell you something about how to keep healthy by doing exercises. You'll learn not only the importance of doing exercises, but also the ways of doing exercises. D. Do you have difficulties to communicate with others? Do you often say something wrong when you talk to others? This book will teach you how to say proper things to people. Kate wants to keep thinner and healthier. Maybe she can borrow the book from _ .
|
[
"Tom",
"Betty",
"Sophia",
"Jane"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
a piece of pear turning brown
acid rain weathering a marble statue
|
[
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Throughout history, people are now aware that Australian cuisine was based on the old British cooking which was handed down by the first settlers. Modern Australian cuisine, however, has been heavily influenced by Australia's Asian and Southeast Asian neighbors. The trend, motivated by the government health programs, is towards low-fat healthy cookery including low-fat meat and lightly cooked colorful, steamed or fried vegetables. Besides, like many English families, in many Australian homes, a widespread tradition of having roast turkey, chicken, and ham for Christmas lunch or dinner still remains. Basically speaking, breakfast is comparatively light for most Australians. But in the colder regions porridge or meals similar to the full English breakfast may be consumed. In recent years, however, most Australian people prefer light breakfast in order to control their weight. The light breakfast commonly consists of cereals, toast and fruit. A heavier breakfast will frequently include fried bacon, eggs, mushrooms, etc. Drinks consumed at breakfast include tea, coffee, milk or juice. The meal in the evening is the main meal of the day for most Australians. When consumed at home, it is often eaten with members of _ The dishes served will vary widely according to the tastes and background of the family. A typical Australian restaurant might offer sandwiches, chicken or other meat-based dishes and cakes. In recent years, take-away food is becoming popular in Australia. American style chain restaurants are common including Subway, KFC, and Mcdonald's. With the high portion of immigration from the Middle East,South and Southeast Asia,Korea,China and other countries from all over the world to Australia,any authentic and high-quality restaurants are run by first and second generation immigrants from these areas. From the passage, we can learn that _ .
|
[
"fewer and fewer immigrants enter Australia every year",
"Subway is a chain restaurant and it is from the South America",
"home cooking is becoming more and more popular in Australia",
"Asian and Southeast Asian countries have a great impact on the modem Australian food."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Palm Desert, California, usually has more days with high air pressure than low air pressure each year.
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Friendships can be difficult -- because often people aren't as honest and open as they should be. Sometimes, people finally get hurt. Most problems with friendships come up because people are just too selfish to care about the things that their friends need. They care about their own needs much more, which makes it hard for friendships to work. However, being selfish is part of human nature. A person is put together in order to take care of themselves and their own needs, not necessarily those needs of other people. Even though being selfish is something that all humans are born with, it is something that everyone should be against. The best thing to remember when you are a friend to anyone is that you need to treat your friends the same way that you'd like to be treated . This is wonderful advice for a friendship, because it is really the only way to make sure that you are giving your friends everything you would want to be given in a friendship. Whenever you have a question about how you should treat a friend, it is easy to find an answer simply by asking yourself what you would like your friend to do for you, if he or she was in your shoes. Even if you're always thinking about how you'd like to be treated, and your friends are too, there are problems that come up from time to time in each friendship, and it is important to understand how to deal with these problems so that you can build stronger and healthier friendships. Problems like friends getting boyfriends or girlfriends and not spending enough time with their friends, or even friends finding new friends and leaving old friends behind are problems that will probably come up with one or more of your friendships. It is important to know how to deal with these friend problems so that you can keep your friends and make new ones. No one wants to have a broken friendship. This passage mainly talks about _ .
|
[
"the importance of friendship",
"the advantages of friendship",
"the problems of friendship",
"the disadvantages of friendship"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. This is an old English saying. Do you know it before? It says that we must go to bed early and get up early in the morning. Then we should be healthy. We should also be rich (wealthy) and clever (wise). This is true. The body must have enough sleep to be healthy. Children of a young age should have ten hours' sleep every night. Children who don't have enough sleep can't do their work very well. They will not be wise and they may not become wealthy! The body also needs exercise. Walking, running, jumping, swimming and playing games are all exercise. Exercise keeps the body strong. Exercise also keeps the blood moving around inside the body. This is very important. Our blood takes food to all parts of our body. The head also needs blood. Exercise helps us to think better! A person needs exercise because _ .
|
[
"it makes him healthy",
"he has a lot of homework to do",
"it doesn't need time",
"it is fun to do exercise"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the most thermal energy?
|
[
"an 8-kilogram gold bar at a temperature of 131°C",
"an 8-kilogram gold bar at a temperature of 136°C",
"an 8-kilogram gold bar at a temperature of 135°C"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Forgiving someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits. When you think of forgiveness, you probably don't think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger can change your well-being. When cartoon book characters like the incredible Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less obvious and may be more dangerous. That's why Professor Fred Luskin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and author of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea. The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less depression . They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping. So it doesn't matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it's worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else. Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say it's OK. Instead, it's a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past. The author of the passage tries to make his viewpoint clear _ .
|
[
"by raising his own examples.",
"based on his own experience.",
"by mentioning some studies.",
"by mentioning some typical patients."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Bryant acquired this trait?
|
[
"Bryant learned how to knit in an after school program.",
"Bryant knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Complete the sentence.
Folding a piece of paper is a ().
|
[
"physical change",
"chemical change"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Sooj learned that whales use vocalization to navigate and to communicate with other whales. Some scientists think that noise pollution in whale habitats may harm whale populations. What would be the most likely effect of noise pollution on whales?
|
[
"alteration of whale genetic material",
"reversed flow of energy through whale habitats",
"reduced populations of food organisms in whale habitats",
"separation of whale family groups"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Moscow,Russia(Space news)-"The computer is a better chess player,"insisted Viktor Prozorov,the loser ." It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move.I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind ,but I just couldn't win," he announced and shook his head sadly. Prozorov's disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present,some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the machine.Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championships around the world,since the fun had been taken out of the game. The computer walked-or rather,rolled-away with 5,000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks to a set of noises and light. What was it that Prozorov felt most bitter about?
|
[
"That he didn't win the$5,000.",
"That he hadn't tried his best.",
"That he had lost to a machine.",
"That this was the end of the chess game."
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Thirteen times a year, roughly, the moon
|
[
"crashes into the Earth",
"is orbited by the Earth",
"lights up the Earth",
"completely rotates the Earth"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following is a consumer?
|
[
"grain",
"rabbit",
"vegetable",
"tree"
] | 1B
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If the crust of a planet is adjusted in short order, a likely culprit is
|
[
"moons",
"quivers",
"night",
"logs"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mary was waiting for the airplane to take off. She was happy to get a seat by herself. Just then, an air hostess came up to her and asked. "Would you mind changing your seat? A man would like to sit with his wife." The only available seat was next to a girl with her arms broken, a black-and-blue face, and a sad expression . "I don't want to sit there," Mary thought at once. But then a soft voice inside spoke, "She needs help." Finally, Mary moved to that seat. The girl was named Emily. She had been in a car accident and now was on her way for treatment. When the snacks and juice arrived, Mary realized that Emily could not feed herself. Mary thought about offering to feed her but she hesitated , as it seemed too impolite to offer such a help to a stranger. But then Mary realized that Emily's need was more important. Mary offered to help her eat. Although Emily was uncomfortable to accept, _ . They became closer and closer in a short time. By the end of the five-hour trip, Mary's heart had warmed, and the time was really better spent than if she had just sat by herself. Mary was very glad that she sat next to Emily and fed her. Love sometimes goes beyond human boundaries and removes the fears that keep people away. When we reach our hands to help another, we get to live in a larger and more pleasant world. How did Mary feel at first when an air hostess asked her to change her seat?
|
[
"She felt glad to do so.",
"She was not willing to do so.",
"She went mad angrily.",
"She was afraid of the man and his wife."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You can see an electrical circuit in motion when
|
[
"drinking water",
"making toast",
"holding hands",
"eating carrots"
] | 1B
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When might you need to give blood for a personality test? The answer is that you need to do so when you ask for a job. Some people believe that your blood group hides no secrets.It shows the "real you".And the owners of certain blood groups might be particularly good or bad at a certain task.This is the very reason why you could be asked to offer your blood group before being given a job. The new idea was carried out first in Japan and now it has been brought over to other parts of the world.One important business company in Japan is quite special about these needs: "For our office members, we must have 30 percent of those with group A and 15 percent with AB, 25 percent with B." Do you happen to know that if your own blood group is O, you can get things done and sell the goods well? People with blood group A are thinkers, while those with blood group B are highly creative.And if you have problems, ask the ABs to solve them.So if you visit the Japanese company, you would find the O types out selling goods and A types keeping order in the office. From the passage, we know _ .
|
[
"four kinds of blood groups were discovered in prefix = st1 /Japan",
"people of good blood groups might do their work very well",
"knowing your own blood group can help you get a good job",
"more and more countries have accepted the new idea about blood groups"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Teachers and parents usually call attention to the pictures when they read storybooks to pre-school children. But a new study suggests that calling attention to the words and letters on the page may lead to better readers. The two-year study compared children who were read in this way in class with children who were not. Those whose teachers most often discussed the print showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding. These results were found one year and even two years later. Shayne Piasta, an assistant professor of teaching and learning at Ohio State University, was an author of the study. She says most pre-school teachers would find this method manageable and would need only a small change in the way they teach. They already read story-books in class. The only difference would be increased attention to the printed text. "If you get children to pay attention to letters and words, it makes sense that they will do better at word recognition and spelling." But she says research suggests that very few parents and teachers do this in a systematic way. More than 300 children aged four and five were observed in classrooms. They came from poor families and were below average in their language skills. For thirty weeks, the children took part in a program called Project STAR--- Sit Together and Read. The project is based at Ohio State. It tests the short-term and long-term results of reading regularly to pre-school children in their classrooms. There are different ways that adults can talk to children about print. They can point to a letter and discuss it, and even trace the shape with a finger. They can point out a word and discuss the meaning of the print or how the words tell the story. And they can talk about the organization of the print--- for instance, showing how words are written left to right in English. Which of the following is TRUE about the study on language skills of pre-school children?
|
[
"Many teachers want to change their way of teaching pre-school children.",
"Attention on the pictures has made the children uninterested in reading.",
"Project STAR aims to research into the results of reading books to pre-school children in the classroom.",
"Teachers are often prevented from taking different approaches to language teaching."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the near future,we may be using our eyes to operate our smart-phones and tablets,even when it comes to playing popular games like Fruit Ninja. The Gaze Group has been developing eye-controlled computer technology for nearly 20 years.But those devices have been firstly designed to help those with disabilities,and are very expensive. "After a while,we figured out that probably the best way is to go for a mass-market way," says Gaze's Sune Alstrup Johansen."where everybody would have this available." Johansen and some of his colleagues have formed a new company,the Eye Tribe,which is hoping to develop the technology on a mass commercial level. The technology works with the help of the computing device toward the user's face. After making sure of the user's eye movements,the technology is then able to easily find where a person's eyes are moving,and then allow the eyes to control a cursor . "Our software can then determine the location of the eyes and know where you're looking on the screen to make sure what you're looking at,"reads an explanation on the Eye Tribe site. There has been a gradual change toward hands-free technology in recent years, particularly in the gaming world.Recently Xbox released the Kinect device,which lets users control their Xbox and play certain games using only their hands,legs and voices. But still,most of these devices have been more of a _ than a practical way to use one's hands to control a mobile device.Johansen said a replaceable filter would be a cheap,convenient way for most consumers. And even as companies like The Eye Tribe work to create such a product for the average user, making the eye-controlled technology more accessible and less expensive will have similar benefits for physically disabled users. For more articles on modern science,please CLICK here. According to the passage,we can learn that _ .
|
[
"the eye-controlling technology was first developed for the blind",
"the present developing 0f the technology will bring no good",
"there is no such a phone as we can use only with our eyes at present",
"the eye-controlling technology is only intended for the disabled people"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is there someone you hate? Well, maybe you don't really hate them. But you get really angry every time you think of them. If you don't let this anger go, it can turn into bitterness Bitterness appears when we can't forgive someone who has hurt us or made us angry. Someone might say or do something that hurts us. But Instead of controlling the anger, we keep it deep inside. Before long, a bitter feeling begins to grow. We may think we're hurting that person by criticizing him or her often, but we're really only hurting ourselves. Bitterness can not only lead to serious health problems such as heart disease, but also hurt our relationships with friends and family members. No one enjoys being around an anger person for very long. If you see bitterness in your life, here are some ways to deal with it. Accept it Instead of trying to your anger, make it clear to yourself and accept it. See your anger for what it is and quickly deal with it. Stop making excuses for it You may feel you have a right to be anger. You may think you're right and the other person is wrong. You may even secretly enjoy making the other person look bad. But in the end, bitterness hurts you much more than the other person. The bitterness will hold you back, and the other person will go on with his or her life. Forgive and forget it You probably can't completely put the anger out of your mind. But you can decide to forgive the other person. Forget it and move on. You'll enjoy better health and peace of mind. ,, bitterness comes from _ .
|
[
"our health problems like heart disease",
"the anger that lives deep inside our mind",
"the person who says something that hurts us",
"our relation with friends and family members"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well-being, according to a Canadian study. For years studies have shown people in lower-status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher-status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers' health. But University of Toronto researchers, using data from 1,800 US workers, found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co-workers and say work disturbs their home life. However, the positive aspects of having a power position at work, such as higher status, more pay and greater independence, seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people's physical and psychological health. These latest findings, reported in the journal Social Science & Medicine, suggest that the advantages and disadvantages of authority positions basically cancel each other out, giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects. For the study, the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work, life and well-being. Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring, firing and pay. Physical health complaints included problems like headaches, body aches, heartburn and tiredness. Psychological complaints included sleep problems, difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness, worry and anxiety. "This isn't to suggest that having authority is 'bad' -- in fact, we show it has benefits ... but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them." researcher Scott Schieman said. Schieman said conflicts with co-workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy physical and mental well-being by creating stress. "These are key stressors that can tax individuals' ability to function effectively," Schieman said. From the passage we can infer that the study aims to _ .
|
[
"warn people not to be a boss for ever",
"remind the boss to deal with the bad effects of their work",
"show that having authority is harmful to one's health",
"prove that being a boss can benefit a lot"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Where do the turtles go? Every summer, thousands of endangered green sea turtles climb onto beaches around the world. Each mother sea turtle produces 100 or more eggs in a hole, and covers the hole with sand before she swims away. Two months later, the eggs hatch , and the baby turtles climb out of the sand and swim into the ocean. They don't reappear until they have grown as large as dinner plates. Until now, no one knows where the baby turtles go or what they do. "if we don't know where these little turtles are, we can't protect them," says Kim Reich, who helps solve part of the mystery. Her teacher, Karen Bjorndal, has studied green sea turtles for more than 30 years. Every year, Bjorndal goes to the Bahamas Islands. Many young sea turtles come here to live and eat at the end of their childhood. These turtles are the only sea turtles that live as plant eaters. In fact, their name may be a result of what they eat. The turtles don't look green but they do have green fat. Scientists learned that the turtles eat green sea plants, which may turn their fat green. Between 2002 and 2004, Bjorndal caught 44 green sea turtles in the Bahamas. After testing them, she found something to support the 20-year-old idea: baby green sea turtles eat meat before they turn to a diet of plants. In fact, they eat animals that live in the open ocean. Scientists still need to find where exactly green sea turtles grow. We now know that baby green sea turtles are out in the open ocean, but the open ocean is a big place. " _ is really a problem," says Bjorndal. The discovery may help us do a better job of protecting this sea animal. What does Karen Bjorndal's research prove about green sea turtles?
|
[
"the young live in the Bahamas Islands.",
"The young eat meat before turning to a diet of plants",
"They live in the open ocean for a lifelong time",
"They are the only sea turtles that live as plant eaters."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student freezes some orange juice. Which of the following statements best describes how the orange juice is different after it is frozen?
|
[
"It is a liquid.",
"It weighs more.",
"It stays in one shape.",
"It takes up less space."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
If a person is dehydrated in a desert without water sources like rivers or ponds, they can hydrate by
|
[
"cracking open peyote",
"staring at sand",
"eating a pebble",
"licking a rock"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Seventeen-year-old Randy Waldron, Jr., was shocked when he applied for his first credit card and was denied. He was even more shocked by the reason: He failed to repay thousands of dollars in debt. Waldron's identity had been stolen by his father, who left when Randy was learning to walk. From 1982 to 1999, Randy Waldron, Sr., used his son's Social Security number to obtain credit from various merchants and lenders, then racked up tens of thousands of dollars in debts. He declared bankruptcy in his son's name, which resulted in default judgments against the younger Waldron. It has taken Randy Jr., now a 24-year-old flight attendant, years to untangle the mess. Waldron isn't alone. Identity theft is this country's fastest-growing crime -- and, increasingly, ID thieves are targeting children. Their clean credit and absence of criminal histories make them ideal victims. Linda Foley, co-executive director of the Identity Theft Resource Center inprefix = st1 /San Diego, estimates that at least 400,000 children had their identities stolen in 2005, more than double the number in 2003. Waldron's case is typical: The resource center estimates that two-thirds of child ID thefts are committed by family members. Some dishonest persons use children's names and Social Security numbers to ring up massive debts; others use children's identities in place of their own when caught committing other crimes; still others sell identification information on the black market to illegal immigrants, fellow criminals or even terrorists. The theft brings its victims enormous financial and emotional trauma, in part because the identity abuse often goes undetected for years. Dealing with child identity theft after it happens is extremely difficult. Laws in many states are insufficient to handle the crime's complexity, and financial institutions are often less than helpful. Randy Waldron, Jr., has worked tirelessly for eight years to straighten out his credit record, and he continues to deal with the fallout. "It's been a very long and arduous battle," he says. "Recovering my identity was really the hardest part. I think a lot of victims assume the problem will go away." Why do children easily become the targets of identity theft?
|
[
"Because they cannot read or write at a young age.",
"Because they have empty credit and criminal records.",
"Because they are too young to protect themselves.",
"Because identity theft can't be found in time."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The natural illumination outside will be for shorter and shorter periods of time per day when
|
[
"during a solar eclipse",
"spring season has begun",
"a hurricane is approaching",
"in late September north of the equator or late March south of the equator"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
French doctors and American scientists have reported doing an operation in which the doctor was outside the operating room. This kind of operation is known as robotic operation. Doctor Marescaux did the operation in an office in New York City last month, while a sixty-eight-year-old woman patient was in a hospital in Strasbourg, France. A doctor in Strasbourg got the patient ready. He placed medical tools and a small video camera in her stomach area. Doctor Marescaux in New York watched the patient on a video screen. Then he used the computer to send messages to the robot machine. The robot moved the tools that cut the woman's gallbladder away. The woman got well soon after the operation and left the hospital two days later. Experts say the main problem with such a robotic operation is based on high-speed telecommunications between the doctor and the robot. Technology must be able to send a doctor's order to a robot to move the tools quickly. Experts also say a successful robotic operation will improve an operation. For example, the robot can make much smaller movements than a person can. A robot machine can turn tools in ways that a doctor's hand cannot. Doctors say such a robotic operation will make possible safer and better operations in the future. They say it will improve doctor training. It will also mean that doctors could do an operation on people in dangerous places far away. And it could mean that people could have operations done by top doctors without having to travel to the city where doctors work. If the smaller movement can't be done by doctors in the operation, we may use _ to solve it.
|
[
"more tools",
"a robot machine",
"a video camera",
"telecommunications"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As a health editor, I spend the majority of my day poring over content related to health. At HuffPost, we're lucky to talk to experts on a daily basis about how to live our best lives. It's clear that life would be healthier if we would just do the following things. Sure, some of these are easier said than done. Which of the following has something to do with the immune system?
|
[
"exercise",
"sleep",
"emotional intelligence",
"mood"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The smartphone has become the centerpiece of many students' digital lives. Yes, it can be a distraction(,), but it is also an incredible tool that can transform classroom learning and late-night studying. Professors and students are starting to explore what the smartphone can contribute to learning-and there is a whole host of apps to help that process along. There are also plenty of apps to help students with the less academic parts of college life. To download any of these apps, search the iTunes App Store or Android Market. iOS apps are built for Apple's mobile platform and can run on the iPhone, iPod Touch or iPad. Skype Cost: Free Platform: Android, BlackBerry, iOS More and more smartphones now ship with front-facing cameras that make them great video chat tools. There are several competitors here ---- including Apple's FaceTime ----but Skype is still the best cross-platform tool for keeping in touch with faraway friends and family. Users on either end can be on a computer, smartphone. Grades 2 Cost: Free Platform: iOS This app is a sophisticated tool for calculating grades. Students can use it to figure out what grade they'll need on a test to achieve their target grade and also keeps track of overall GPA, weighted by each class's credit count. Students can also enter due dates for assignments as reminders. The app is free and supported by ads, but users can pay $1 inside the app to turn them off. Snoozerr Recordings Cost: 99 cents Platform: iOS This is a great tool for logging long lecture classes or smaller study sessions . It records audio and pairs that with time-stamped pictures that the student takes of presentations--- say, equations on a blackboard----or of his or her own notes. When the student wants to review, he or she can use the pictures as a visual guide to what the instructor was saying and replay that section. TED Cost: Free Platform: iOS This app is great for the student in everyone. It compiles video from hundreds of presentations at technology, entertainment and design----a conference that features short speeches focused on new ways of thinking. Presenters often speak about technology, social good or education and challenge societal norms. It's a great way to spend an hour or so hearing from some of the world's leading minds for free. All of the videos are also available at www.ted.com. AroundMe Cost: Free Platform: Android and iOS This app uses a smartphone's GPS to find nearby locations by category such as banks, gas stations, bars, coffee shops, restaurants and supermarkets---- all the college staples . ios means _ .
|
[
"TED",
"VCS",
"OS",
"ECX"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people will remember the flight of the space shuttle Challenger, in June, 1983. The achievement of Sally Ride, America's first woman astronaut to fly into space, made this flight especially memorable. Students from two Camden, New Jersey, high schools, however, are probably to remember Norma rather than Sally whenever they think about the flight. Norma didn't travel alone. She brought about 100 companions along with her. Norma was an ant, a queen ant who, with her subject, made up the first ant colony to travel into space. The ants were part of a science experiment designed by students to test the effects of weightlessness on insects. The equipment designed by the students for their colony functioned perfectly throughout the long space trip. The young scientists and their teachers were very sad to find that their insect astronauts had all died at some point before the container was returned to the school and opened. The problem didn't occur in space, but on the ground after challenger had landed. The container remained in the desert for nearly a week before the ant colony was moved. The hot, dry desert air dried out the colony's container and the ants died from lack of moisture . The project was tested success because it did provide useful information. Students will continue their efforts to pinpoint what went wrong. They will try to prevent the same difficulties from recurring on future missions. They don't want to be discouraged either by the demise of the ants or by the $10,000 shuttle fare they will have to pay to send the next colony of ants into space. Ks5u We don't think the project was a failure. This is because _ .
|
[
"everything went as smoothly as expected",
"the students had pinpointed exactly the reason",
"something important had been learned",
"the students had succeeded in the experiment"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Deep in the wilderness of northern Kenya, two boys found a pair of crying cheetah cubs . The cubs' mother had been killed by a lion. The cheetahs were only a few weeks old. In the wild, about 9 out of 10 cheetah cubs die before they are three months old. They are food for lions. But these cubs were so lucky that they were saved by their "heroes", who brought them to Jane and Ian Craig. The Craigs help save endangered animals at the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy. The Craigs nursed the cheetah cubs back to health -- feeding them with bottles, sleeping with them, and comforting them. They named the cubs Sambu and Toki. But what would become of these cubs? How would they survive on their own? In the wild, cubs stay with their mothers until they are almost 2 years old. During that time, cheetah mothers teach their young how to hunt and how to protect themselves. The Craigs wouldn't be able to find a cheetah mother to teach the cubs. So they turned to a man named Simon King. King has spent more than twenty years studying cheetahs. He gave them a nod of approval when hearing about this, though taking care of two baby cubs would take a huge amount of time. For two years, he would need to have them at his side most of the time. But he felt there was no other choice. And so, when the brothers were one month old, King became their father. The brothers followed King everywhere. If they saw large dangerous and fierce mammals, King would growl at the cubs the way a mother cheetah would have, which was a signal for the cubs to stay away. They learned quickly. King taught the cheetahs to hunt using a toy rabbit as King pulled it around on a rope. With more lessons and training, the brothers began to hunt on their own. King is one proud father now. What do we know about the two cheetah cubs?
|
[
"They like the Craigs very much.",
"Their lives were in danger in the wild.",
"Their mother was killed by humans.",
"They were not afraid of lions."
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The organization representing British universities has expressed concern about the potential effect of tuition fees after figures showed a drop of more than 6% in student applications with less than a month to go before the deadline for 2013 applications. Data from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (Ucas) showed there were 265,784 university applications by UK-based candiates up to 17 Decemeber, 6.3% down on the parallel period in the admissions cycle the year before. While this is less than the 8.4% year-on-uear fall seen in earlier Ucas figures, released in mid-November, the coming January deadline makes it ever more likely that the total 2013 applicant figure will see a second sizeable fall following the introduction of annual fees of up to PS9,000. Nicola Dandridge, the chairman of Universities UK, said : "However, we must be concerned about any drops in the numbers applying to university and in particular, we must look closely at how the increase in graduate contributions in England may be affecting the decisions of promising students. However ,the December figures show a drop in numbers across the UK, suggesting that it is not only a question of tuition fees in England putting off from applying." A report of the Uncas figures to mid-December shows a 6.5% fall for applicants in England and 11.7% for those in Wales, with smaller drops of 3.9% for Scotland and 0.5% for Nortern Ireland. Scotiish students at home insitiutions pay on fees, while those from Nothern Ireland have fees capped to PS3,575 for Northern Irish universities. Dandridge added: "No one should be put off applying to university because of worries about finance." "It is important that no one is put off applying to university because they do not have information about the student support available to them. Most new students don't need to pay directly. There will be more financial support for those from poorer families and everyone will make lower loan repayments thatn they do now once they are in well paid jobs." Why is the fall for application the smallest in Soctoland and Northem lreland?
|
[
"Because they have more financial support.",
"Because the tuition is much cheaper for them.",
"Because the education is better there.",
"Because the universities are free for them."
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people believe that teaching children music makes them smarter, better able to learn new things. But the organizers of a new study say there's no scientific evidence that early musical training affects the intelligence of young people. An estimated 80 percent of American adults think music lessons improve children's abilily to learn or their performance in school. They say that the satisfaction for learning to play a new song helps a child express creativity. Researchers at Harvard University, however, have found that there's one thing musical training does not do. They say it does not make children more intelligent. Samuel Mehr is a graduate student at Harvard's School of Education. He said it is wrong to think that learning to play a musical instrument improves a child's intellectual development. He says the evidence comes from studies that measured the mental ability of two groups of 4-year-olds and their parents. One group attended music class, the other went to a class that places importance on the visual arts--arts that can be seen. "The evidence there is 'no'. We found no evidence for any advantage on any of these tests for the kids participating in these music clases," said Mehr.Samuel Mehr says researchers have carried out many studies in an effort to learn whether musical training can make children smarter. He says the results have been mixed. He says only one study seems to show a small percentage increase in IQ, intellectual scores among students after one year of music lessons. He does not believe that IQ is a good measure of child's intelligence. He says researchers in his study compared how well children in the musical training group did on mental processing tasks or projects, then the results were compared to those of children who did not take lessons. There was no evidence that the musical training group did much better on the mental tasks than the other group. The researchers comfirmed the results with a larger group of children and their parents.Mr Mehr says music lessons may not offer children a fast easy way to gain entry to the best schools later of their life. But he says the training is still important for cultural reasons. In his words, "We teach music because music is important for us." According to the new study, musical training _ .
|
[
"makes children smarter",
"helps a child express creativity",
"does not make children more intelligent",
"improve children's ability to learn in school"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the least thermal energy?
|
[
"a blueberry muffin at a temperature of 26°C",
"a blueberry muffin at a temperature of 18°C",
"a blueberry muffin at a temperature of 25°C"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What is the senior project? The Senior Project at Clark Magnet High School is a program that shows a senior's ability to apply knowledge and skills, speak, write, solve problems and practice the life skills of time management, organization and risk-taking. Clark teaching staff, community members and school district staff act as advisers, evaluators during the research, project and presentation stages. The key parts of the Senior Project are: 1) A research paper A six to eight page persuasive research paper on a topic chosen by the students. The research paper strengthens effective writing skills learned in English class. Because the paper is persuasive, students should choose a topic about which they have a strong opinion. They should use elements learned when debating to convince the readers of the strong opinion stated in the paper, and prove it through research. 2) A physical product and fieldwork A physical product and fieldwork (15-hour minimum requirement) related to some aspect of the paper. The 15 hours can be obtained through community service, job shadowing, or making an actual project. Students explore topics that are academic in nature, a hobby, a passion, or a possible future career. 3) Data collection Data collection that combines the first two parts and records hours spent on the fieldwork. The collection contains evidence of the fieldwork presented through letters from the students' advisors, pictures showing the process of the project or anything else that would show proof of the work completed. 4) Speech presentation A fifteen minute speech presented before a review board composed of school staff, district representatives, former students, and community representatives. The speech is a chance to show the students' senior project. Students are to dress professionally and summarize their senior project journey. Students will talk briefly about their research paper, their project, and what they learned. The speech should include visual aids. If the presentation includes performing, the students must speak for at least five minutes. The Senior Project is a vehicle that allows students to use the knowledge and skills they have acquired in a "real-world" application. It has the potential to motivate the students, connect the school with the community, and create pathways from school to career. What is the main purpose of the project?
|
[
"To offer students chances to apply their learning to practice.",
"To strengthen students' writing and speaking abilities.",
"To encourage students to carry on scientific research.",
"To help students find some part-time jobs."
] | 0A
|
high_school_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
The air in Boulder, Colorado, is often dry in the winter.
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What information supports the conclusion that Melissa inherited this trait?
|
[
"Melissa's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Melissa.",
"Melissa and her mother both have short hair."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Lamps that convert electricity into light and heat are known as
|
[
"incadescent",
"flourescent",
"led",
"candle"
] | 0A
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
butter melting on a hot day
baking a loaf of bread
|
[
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Nearly all of today's Native Americans in North, Central and South America can trace their ancestry to just six women whose descendants immigrated around 20,000 years ago, a DNA study suggests. The finding does not mean that only these six women gave rise to migrants who crossed into North America from Asia in the earliest population of the continent.Rather, it suggests that only six left a particular DNA legacy that persists to today in about 95% of Native Americans, said study co-author Ugo Perego in Utah. "The women did not necessarily arrive together, nor even all live at the same time," he said.Results indicate the women arrived sometime between 18,000 and 21,000 years ago. The work was published this week by the journal PLoS One.Perego is from the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation in Salt Lake City and the University of Pavia in Italy.The work confirms the previous indications of just six maternal lineages, as well as a date of around 20,000 years ago when the first people in North America arrived after crossing a land bridge from Asia, Perego said. The researchers studied mitochondrial DNA, which is passed only from mother to daughter.They created a "family tree" that traces the different DNA _ found in today's Native Americans.By noting mutations in each branch and applying a formula for how often such mutations arise, they calculated how old each branch was.That indicated when each branch arose in a single woman. The six "founding mothers" obviously did not live in Asia because the DNA signatures they left behind are not found there, Perego said.So they probably lived in Beringia, the now-submerged land bridge that stretched to North America, he said. What didn't Ugo Perego and his team do?
|
[
"They used a \"family tree\" to analyze the findings.",
"They focused on life styles of the original women.",
"They clarified genetic changes in the family tree.",
"They studied how long each branch had developed."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Chang'e-3, named after a Chinese goddess, is China's first spacecraft to make a soft landing on the moon. It includes a lander and a moon rover called Yutu. The Chang'e-3 spacecraft is the second phase China's lunar rogramme, which includes orbiting, landing and returning to Earth. It follows the success of the Chang'e-1 and Chang'e-2 spacecraft in 2007 and 2010. The launch of Chang'e-3 was successful. The Chang'e-3 is one of the most difficult tasks in China's space programme, the news says. The news adds that exploring the universe and seeking peaceful use of space are dreams of Chinese for thousands of years. With a lander and the moon rover Yutu, Chang'e-3 soft-landed on the moon at 9:11 p.m. Saturday. Yutu later separated from the lander and ran to the moon surface earlier Sunday. China has chosen the name Yutu for its first moon rover, after a worldwide online vote attracted people to come up with names. In Chinese folk tale, Yutu is the white pet rabbit of Chang'e, the moon goddess. Chang'e took her pet and flew towards the moon. She became a goddess and has lived there with the white animal ever since. The article may be found in _ .
|
[
"a history book",
"a fashion magazine",
"a geography book",
"a newspaper"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A recent survey showed that only 9 percent of teens in the United States smoke cigarettes.That's down from 23 percent in 2000.While this is good news for the US's overall health, tobacco use is still a problem. Cigarettes can cause many diseases, such as cancer ,lung cliscases and heart problems.Although they know about the health problems, teenagers still smoke.So the _ of the US Anti-smoking Organization is working to end teenage smoking.Their latest activity uses social media to remind teenagers of the dangers of smoking.And the activity also encourages teens to learn the facts and become the generation that ends smoking. However, anti-smoking campaigns may have a new problem to worry about.According to a 2013 report, the use of electronic cigarettes is on the rise.American high school students who reported having used an electronic cigarette rose from 4.7 percent in 2011 to 10 percent in 2012.The increased use of e-cigarettes by teens is deeply troubling.It may become lifelong addictied .Besides, we still don't yet understand the long-term effects of e-cigarettes. ,. (2,10) What do we know about e-cigarettes?
|
[
"E-cigarettes are becoming popular among teenagers.",
"School students like e-cigarettes more than adults do.",
"People won't let addicted to e-cigarettes.",
"E-cigarettes have bad effects on people's health."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Comets are parts of our solar system. Like the planets, they go around the sun. But comets are not made of solid rocks like planets. A comet is a ball of dust, stones, and ice. Many people call comets dirty snowballs. The "snowball" may be only a few miles across. But when the sun heats the "snowball," much of it is changed to gases. The gases spread out and form the comet's head, which may be thousands of miles across. A comet moves fast in its trip around the sun. But when we see it, the comet does not seem to move. That's because it is so far away. The moon moves fast, but when you look at it, you can't see any motion . That's because the moon is far away. Each year astronomers discover new comets. Some of them are seen only once. They make one trip around the sun and then go away out into space. The sun's gravity cannot hold them. Other comets, like Halley, keep returning. They have been captured by the sun. Halley's earliest visit was probably 3,000 years ago. It may keep returning for another 3,000 years. But every time a comet goes around the sun, the comet loses part of itself. Gases and dust are pulled out of the comet. That's why Halley is now dimmer than it used to be. Next time it visits us, in 2062, it may be even dimmer. Each visit it may get dimmer and dimmer, until it finally disappears. What is this passage mostly about?
|
[
"Comets and the sun.",
"Why comets are like snowballs.",
"Who discovered the first comet.",
"Facts about comets."
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Jaylen investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Does white or whole wheat sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days?",
"Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored inside or outside the refrigerator?",
"Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored in a paper bag or in a plastic bag?"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Apollo 11, carrying Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins, was launched on 16 July, 1969. Five days later they stepped down onto the moon. Neil Armstrong On the way there: Of all the wonderful views we had, the most impressive to me was on the way to the Moon when we flew through its shadow. We were still thousands of miles away, but close enough so that the Moon almost filled our window. The moon appeared blue-grey. It seemed almost as if it were showing us its roundness, its similarity in shape to our Earth, in a sort of welcome. I was sure it would be a hospitable host. It had been waiting for its first visitors for a long time. After touch down: The sky is black, you know. It's a very dark sky, but it still seemed more like daylight than darkness as we looked out the window. It's a very strange thing but the surface looked very warm and inviting. It seemed to be tan . It's hard to explain that, because later when I held the material in my hand, it wasn't tan at all. It was black, grey and so on. Edwin Aldrin On the Moon: The blue color of my boots has completely disappeared now into this soil--still don't know what color to describe this other than grayish cocoa. Back on board: The moon was a very natural and pleasant environment in which to work. On the Moon, in one-sixth gravity, you have a strong feeling of being somewhere. As we did our experiments, some objects we threw away would go in a slow, lazy manner. What impressed Neil Armstrong most?
|
[
"The moon filling their window.",
"Seeing the shape of the moon",
"Flying through the shadow of the moon.",
"The five--day flight to the moon."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The sun is a source of which, first and foremost?
|
[
"Light",
"Energy",
"Heat",
"Nutrients)"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is reported by Chinese Xinhua News that students waste more food than the national average. So the campaign on school food waste is getting popular across the country. The move is part of a national campaign started by students at different schools. At East China University of Science, students who finish their food in the school dining hall get a special card when they return their plates after meals. Students can collect cards and exchange them for small gifts, such as books, schoolbags, magazines and umbrellas. "It's been such a surprise," said Liang Zhaoyun, 19, a student in Shanghai. "It has given us one more motivation to eat up our food." "The purpose of the campaign is not only to encourage students to finish their food. We hope it can also teach students to choose a more environment-friendly and healthy lifestyle," said Tao Siliang from University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Other schools also pay attention to the quantity of food. At Nanjing No.9 Middle School, rice is divided into three different-sized bowls that students can choose from according to their own need. "It's great because I can try different dishes at half price and don't waste so much food," said Fan Peng, 15, a student from this middle school. What if you really can't finish all your food? At Changchun Normal College, they provide a take-away service. "If you can't finish all your food, you can get a box to take the left food home. Even if you feed the cat, it's not wasted," said Zhou Zeyong, a student who learns Chinese education. "I'm happy that we've cut down waste since joining the school 'eat-up' meeting. But some food is poorly cooked, meaning that students are not willing to finish it all. Some schools have taken note of this. So if we hope students try to waste less food, we should also improve the service and keep an eye on the meal quality on weekdays at school. If not, you can't complain students for throwing away much food," said Wang Guangji, the head-teacher of Beijing No. 29 Middle School. Who can get some gifts at East China University of Science?
|
[
"Students who buy some special cards.",
"Students who eat up all the food.",
"Students who do some dishes.",
"Students who spend money on gifts."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Caffeine not only gives us a daily jump start, but new research suggests it also can strengthen long-term memory. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, nearly 90 percent of people worldwide consume about 200 milligrams of caffeine each day. That' s equivalent to about one strong cup of coffee a day. Writing in " Nature Neuroscience" , Johns Hopkins University researchers say their findings show that caffeine strengthens certain memories for up t0 24 hours after being taken in. " We've always known that caffeine has cognitive-enhancing effects , but its ,particular effects on strengthening memories and making them resistant to forgetting has never been examined in detail in humans, " said senior author of the paper Michael Yassa. " We re- port for the first time a specific effect of caffeine on reducing forgetting over 24 hours. " Conducting a double-blind trial, the researchers worked with a test group of people who didn't regularly consume caffeinated products. Five minutes after studying a series of images, the test subjects were given either a placebo or a 200-milligram caffeine tablet. To check the caffeine levels of their test subjects, the research team took saliva samples from them before they took their tablets and again one, three and 24 hours after- wards. Both groups of test participants ( those who took the placebo and those who took the caffeine tablet) were tested the following day to see if they could recognize the images they' d seen the previous day. The test included showing the test subjects another series of images that included some new images , those that were shown the previous day, as well as other images that were similar, but not the same as those they had viewed earlier. The researchers found that more members of the group who were given the caffeine tablets were able to correctly identify some of the new images as " similar" to previously viewed images rather than incorrectly identifying them as the same. "We also know that caffeine is associated with health and longevity and may havesome protective effects from cognitive decline like Alzheimer' s disease . " said Yassa. How did the test subjects show the caffeine ' s memory-strengthening effects?
|
[
"By recognizing images they ' d seen the previous day.",
"By taking the caffeine tablets instead of placebos.",
"By identifying the new images as the same.",
"By telling the differences between new images."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, "Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn't work out, you'll have something to rely on." Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, "the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course," she recalls. The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom," I don't know how to use a computer," she admits. Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes . All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), an organization she serves as international chairman. "I felt there was a need for a book like this," she says." I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease." But she hasn't always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts . Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up ---again---and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet. Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. "Everybody on earth can ask, 'why me?' about something or other," she insists. "It doesn't do any good. No one is immune to heartache, pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I've come to realize the importance of that as I've grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be." We can know that before 1995 Mary _ .
|
[
"had two books published",
"received many career awards",
"knew how to use a computer",
"supported the JDRF by writing"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Although change in multicellular species usually takes thousands of years, some species of bacteria undergo major changes in just a few years. One reason for this difference is that these bacteria
|
[
"are microscopic",
"do not contain DNA",
"reproduce very quickly",
"cause infectious diseases"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some health care professionals recommend that children use insect repellent before going outside. Using insect repellent is a good way to keep the insects from
|
[
"reproducing.",
"laying eggs.",
"spreading disease.",
"dying."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
About 35 percent of British adults sleep with teddy bears. Many more share a bed with a partner or spouse. Others still co - sleep, alongside children in a family bed. But lying with your iPad? A recent survey by marketing agency Rosette found that 68 percent of tablet owners use the device in the bedroom, more than in any other location. The living room took a close second place, at 63 percent, reports AdAge. com, and only 45 percent of respondents said they use their tablets on the go. But bringing devices into the bedroom is a bad idea, if quality rest is your goal. One of the most important factors of sleepiness is darkness, which signals to the brain that it's time to start speeding up production of the sleep - inducing hormone melatonin. But as the New York Times points out, in our modern world, we are exposed to light long after the sun sets. While any type of light can disturb your sleep, the blue wavelength light given off by cell phones, laptops, tablets and other gadgets is particularly troublesome. Research shows that this blue light causes alertness so decisively that it can actually be used to fight tiredness. According to the National Sleep Foundation, 95 percent of Americans use some device, whether it's a TV, laptop, cell phone or other products, within an hour of killing time. "Artificial light exposure between dusk and the time we go to bed at night push our sleeping sense to a later hour - making it more difficult to fall asleep," said Charles Czeisler, Ph. D. , M. D. , chief of the division of sleep medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. Instead, experts recommend turning off all devices an hour before bedtime and finding another method for relaxation, like reading a book, taking a warm bath or performing a series of calming yoga poses. It's also a good idea to exercise and lay off the caffeine several hours before bedtime. According to a recent survey, most tablet owners use their iPad _ .
|
[
"in the living room",
"in the bedroom",
"in the office",
"on the move"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It was a Monday morning. As the teacher walked into the classroom, he heard a low voice , "Here's the teacher. I'm sure this boring fellow is going to talk about how to use commas ."It was a boy's voice and the teacher knew who he was. However, the teacher didn't get angry. He said nothing about it, but really began to talk about how to use commas And then he wrote the following sentence on the blackboard, "Nick says the teacher is a boring fellow." The class laughed and Nick's face turned red. "Now," said the teacher, "I'11 tell you the importance of commas." He put two commas in the sentence, and then read, "Nick, says the teacher, is a boring fellow." The whole class laughed again. Nick felt very surprised first, then his face much redder. Finally he couldn't help laughing with the other students, too. What subject did the teacher teach the students?
|
[
"Math",
"English",
"Music",
"History"
] | 1B
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Where Ernest lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Do you know how to study better? Let me give you some advice about studying. First, don't put off studying. Many students do that. Then they have to cram the night before the exam. In fact you need good study habits and study a little every day. This way, you will prepare better for the exams. Second, plan _ into your study time. For example, if you read 20 pages of the book, you can play one computer game. But only one. Third, stay in a quiet place and turn off your mobile phone. Then you can put your heart into your study. Last, believe it or not, sleeping is part of studying. It can help you learn better. Try to sleep more than eight hours a night. Take the advice, and you will study better. What can help you study better?
|
[
"Only studying before the exam.",
"Studying and watching TV at the same time.",
"Studying in a quiet place.",
"Talking with friends on the phone."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is a hypothesis that can be easily tested?
|
[
"The Moon causes high tides.",
"During which season are the tides the highest?",
"What is the phase of the Moon when tides are highest?",
"When the Moon is full, the tides will be at their highest."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Analysis of the composition of quicksand shows that there are four key ingredients--sand, obviously water, clay and salt. Together these materials form a structure resembling a house of cards, with large water-filled gaps between the sand particles, which are loosely glued in place by the clay. As long as it's left alone, the structure remains stable. But as soon as it's disturbed, by stepping on it, the clay changes from a jelly-like consistency to a runny liquid. The effect is the same as stirring a pot of yoghurt. Liquefying the clay makes the quicksand about one million times runnier, and the whole house of cards comes tumbling down, with you inside it. Very quickly, the sand sinks to the bottom and the water floats to the top. This is where the salt comes in. When there's enough salt present, as soon as the clay particles liquefy, electrical charges make them begin to stick together to form bigger particles and these also settle with the sand. Quicksand is a mixture which looks like solid, but behaves more like a liquid. Despite its murderous reputation, quicksand does not such people under and swallow them, although it can hold a person in firm grip. The human body is more buoyant in quicksand than in water, and sooner or later anyone trapped in it will float. Unlike most liquids, quicksand's viscosity, or "runniness" can suddenly change if it comes under pressure, for example under a human foot. The surface gives way and the victim quickly sinks in up to the knees, surrounded by an area of dirty things that turns semi-solid around its victim. Escaping from the quicksand's grip requires a large amount of force. Without something solid to pull at, people often find they are stuck fast. Pulling at one leg simply makes the other one sink further. So how do you escape from quicksand's control? Stay still and call for help. Staying still stops you sinking any further, until--with luck--help arrives on the scene. If no one appears and you need to draw yourself out, gently lie down on your back until your body is floating on the sand. Next, roll over onto your stomach and pull yourself forwards with your hands, so that you gradually "swim" towards firmer ground. It is a slow and dirty business, but it works. This technique has one barrier: it goes against a very powerful human nature. Faced with danger in the open, nine out of ten stay on their feet so that they can run away, in which case it can worsen the situation. From the passage we can learn that _
|
[
"as long as you are strong enough, you can pull yourself up from quicksand on your own",
"clay glues sand particles loosely, which makes quicksand stable, unless it is disturbed",
"because anyone trapped in quicksand will float, there is little possibility of him dying",
"looking like solid ground, quicksand is actually liquid"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is a characteristic of a dog that is most likely a result of its environment?
|
[
"its color",
"its length of ears",
"its food preference",
"its ability to see in the dark"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The state of a gas vaporized from a surface liquid under increased pressure and higher temperatures is
|
[
"part of how nature replenishes, purifies and recirculates water",
"a stage when water molecules are prevented from escaping into the atmosphere",
"a stage when moisture leaves the atmosphere without being recirculated",
"a stage that only occurs once"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student used the dimmest setting on a light microscope to observe a euglena and an amoeba. The student shined a narrow beam of light at the top of the cover slip. She observed that the euglena swam up toward the light but the amoeba did not. She knew the amoeba was alive because it slowly changed shape while she watched. What inference should the student draw from her observation?
|
[
"An amoeba can only move side to side.",
"An amoeba is unable to respond to light.",
"An amoeba moves too slowly to observe.",
"An amoeba only moves when it is hungry."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Shelley investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Does the basketball bounce higher on gravel or on grass?",
"Does the basketball bounce higher on a lawn or on a dirt path?",
"Do larger basketballs bounce higher than smaller basketballs on a brick patio?"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Good health is the most precious thing in the world .When you have got it, you never think about it. When you haven't got it , you think about it all the time. Our biggest enemies are not terrible diseases. We are our own biggest enemies because we sometimes destroy our own good health. Some of us eat too much, drink too much and smoke too much. And though our reason tells us we should control ourselves, we find it difficult. The fact is that most human beings need stimulation. Who doesn't enjoy a drink after a busy day? Only a smoker knows the pleasure of a cigarette with a cup of coffee. The danger is when these innocent pleasures run our lives and so destroy our health. When you find yourself eating between meals or eating too much rich food, when you can only keep yourself going by taking frequent drinks or by smoking one cigarette after another, then it's time to stop and think what you might be doing to yourself. The funny thing is that when we don't control ourselves, simple pleasures are no longer simple pleasures. All right, I know what you're thinking. You're probably saying: "It's all very well for him to talk, but I can't help myself. I need that extra bit of food, that extra drink, that extra cigarette. Life has so many pressures that I can't manage without them." But I'm saying you can help yourself. Not only that you must help yourself. Because if you don't help yourself, no one else can. So be your own best friend . Which of the following expresses the writer's advice?
|
[
"Have a drink after a busy day.",
"Have a cigarette with a cup of coffee.",
"Eat as much rich food as you can.",
"Be your own best friend and control yourself."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are four stages to the life cycle of a butterfly: adult, pupa, egg, and caterpillar. Which of these occurs first?
|
[
"egg",
"adult",
"pupa",
"caterpillar"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Teenagers who turn off the TV and sit down to family meals are less likely to suffer eating disorders . A study has connected eating together with lower rates of bulimia and anorexia . Teens used to eating around the table are less likely to take up smoking to lose weight. Researcher Barbara said, "The common belief is that teens don't want to be around their parents very much, and that teens are just too busy to have regular meals with the family." The study shows happy families have teenagers who eat with their parents often. These teens have less bad diet or dangerous eating habits. "Parents may not be able to get their family together around the table seven days a week, but if they can prepare three family meals a week, this will have a big impact on the health of teens," Professor Fiese spoke out after reviewing 17 studies on eating ways and nutrition of almost 200,000 children and teenagers. She found that teens who eat at least five meals a week with their families are 35% less likely to be "disordered eaters". The definition of disordered eating is eating too much, or eating at wrong times too often or eating very little and smoking to lose weight. Even three family meals a week helped, with youngsters 12% less likely to be overweight than those who ate with their family less often. Teens can also use family meals as a time to _ . They were also 24% more likely to eat healthy foods and have healthy eating habits than those who didn't share three meals with their family. Professor Fiese said, "Family meals give them a place where they can go regularly to check in with their parents and express themselves freely." In the past American research found children who miss out on family meals are much more likely to fight at school, drink and take drugs . ,. Who of the following is NOT "disordered eaters"?
|
[
"Peter often eats out with his friends at night.",
"Lily has three meals with her parents at home.",
"Mary is losing weight, so she eats little every meal.",
"Tom is very strong and he eats too much every meal."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
College graduation brings both the satisfaction of academic achievement and the expectation of a well-paid job. But for 6,000 graduates at prefix = st1 /San JoseStatethis year, there's uncertainty as they enter one of the worst job markets in decades. Ryan Stewart has a freshly-minted degree in religious studies, but no job prospects. "You look at everybody's parents and neighbors, and they're getting laid off and don't have jobs," said Stewart, "then you look at the young people just coming into the workforce... it's just scary." When the class of 2003 entered college, the future never looked brighter. But in the four years they've been here, the world outside has changed greatly. "Those were the exciting times, lots of _ opportunities, exploding offers, students getting top dollar with lots of benefits," said Cheryl Allmen-Vinnidge of theSan JoseStateCareerCenter. "Times have changed. It's a mew market." Cheryl Allmen-Vinnidge ought to know. She runs the San JoseStateCareerCenter, sort of a crossroad between college and the real world. Allmen-Vinnidge says students who do find jobs after college have done their homework. "The typical graduate who does have a job offer started working on it two years ago. They've postured themselves well during the summer. They've had several internships ", she said. And they've majored in one of the few fields that are still hot, like chemical engineering, accounting, or nursing, where average starting salaries have actually increased over last year. Other popular fields have seen big declines in starting salaries. Ryan Stewart may just end up going back to school. "I'd like to teach college some day and that requires more schooling, which would be great in a bad economy," he said. To some students, a degree may not be a ticket to instant wealth. For now, they can only hope its value will increase overtime. Ryan Stewart is probably going to _ .
|
[
"get a teaching job",
"become a religious leader",
"change his major",
"go back to school"
] | 3D
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues that flesh receives. The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated Arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes. During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches , cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp , naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose. If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains--taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin, but all they do is to relieve the symptoms . The passage mainly discusses _ .
|
[
"the fallacy about the common cold",
"the experiments on the common cold",
"the reason and the way people catch colds",
"the continued spread of common colds"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Morning clouds usually clear up by noon where Kimi lives.
|
[
"climate",
"weather"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
One day, I went to see my last patient, an old woman. In the doorway, I saw she was struggling to put socks on her swollen feet in the bed. I stepped in, spoke quickly to the nurse, read her chart noting . I was almost in the clear that she was not in serious condition. I asked, "Could I help put on your socks? How are you feeling? Your sugars and blood pressure were high but they're better today. The nurse mentioned you're anxious to see your son. He's visiting you today. It's nice to have a family visit. I think you really look forward to seeing him." "Sit down, doctor. This is my story, not yours." She said with a serious voice. I was surprised as I helped her with the socks. She told me that her only son lived across from her house, but she had not seen him for five years. She believed that was the main cause of her health problems. After hearing her story and putting on her socks, I asked if there was anything else I could do for her. She shook her head no and smiled. All she wanted me to do was to listen. Each story is different. Some are detailed and others are simple. Some have a beginning, middle and end but others don't have clear ends. Some are true but others not. Yet all those things do not really matter. What matters to the storyteller is that the story is heard -- without interruption or judgment . It was that woman who taught me the importance of stopping, sitting down and truly listening. And, not long after, in an unexpected accident, I became a patient. 20 years later, I sit all the time -- in a wheelchair. For as long as I could, I continued to see patients from my chair. I believe in the power of listening. How did the doctor know that the old woman's son was visiting her?
|
[
"The nurse told him.",
"The old woman told him.",
"The woman's son told him.",
"The doctor got it from her chart noting."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In what way does society benefit from research on diseases?
|
[
"New illnesses will develop.",
"Doctors will visit their patients at home.",
"More families will move closer to hospitals.",
"Many illnesses will be prevented or cured."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Where Cole lives, winter is the rainiest season of the year.
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Based on this information, what is Fang's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?
|
[
"a spotted coat",
"a black coat"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Fire Instructions The person who finds a fire should: A. Open the nearest fire alarm. B. If it is safe and the fire is small, try to put out the fire. On Hearing The Fire Alarm : C. Those in class: will go to the playground under the direction(,) from the teacher. D. Those not in class: will go to the playground by the nearest way. How to leave: E. Move quickly. F. Do not stop to find your own things.There is no time for you to do that. G. Do not try to pass other people on your way to the playground. H. Do not use the lift .It's dangerous when there is a fire. If you are having a class, you should _ .
|
[
"stay in the classromm under the desks",
"get out of the school by yourselves",
"go to the playground under the direction from the teacher",
"call 120 as quickly as possible"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An allergy is a strong reaction to a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen , which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process. Other causes include organisms, chemicals, plants and dead skin particles from dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. So can insect stings and some food. The most common kind of allergic reactions is itchy , watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also cause red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked. It is not always easy to avoid allergies. Drugs may offer an effective treatment. Another treatment used in some cases is called immunotherapy. A patient is injected with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body. In the United States, experts estimate that up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30,000 cases with severe reactions that require immediate treatment. It can result in breathing trouble and in some cases death. It is said that about 100 to 200 people will die. It is said that most of the reactions are caused by peanuts and tree nuts like walnuts. People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about 10% of bad reactions to commonly used medicines are allergic. In other words, a person's immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. The most common reactions include skin rashes, itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face. Allergies seldom occur in winter because _ .
|
[
"plants don't usually flower in cold weather",
"people usually wear thick clothes",
"pollen is active below freezing point",
"the weather is too cold for viruses"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Children are delight, they are our future. But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them when you're going to work is getting more expensive by the year. Earlier this month it was reported, that the cost of involving an infant or small kid at a childcare centre rose 3 percent in 2012, faster than the general cost of living. There are now large strips of the country where daycare for an infant costs more than 10% of the average married couples' income. This is not necessarily a new trend, but it is somewhat puzzling me. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still. Actually caregivers earn less today than they did in 1990. Considering that labor costs are responsible for about 80% of a daycare center's expenses, one would infer that stable wages means stable prices. So who is to blame for higher child care costs? Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other details. And the stricter the regulations are, the higher the costs will be. In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $ 16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infants, the price of care averaged less than $5,000. Unfortunately I don't have all the daycare center regulations, but I wouldn't be surprised if as the rules have become more complicated, prices have risen. The tradeoff might be worth it in certain cases; after all, the health and safety of children should probably come before cheap service. But certainly, it doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulated South. What prevents child care centers from saving money?
|
[
"Steady increase in labor costs.",
"Strict government regulations.",
"Lack of support from the state.",
"High administrative expenses."
] | 1B
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the animal.
|
[
"Giant water lilies can grow big flowers.",
"Chameleons walk and climb."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The oldest and hardest cow beef may be made as tender and tasty as young and choice met. "This declaration was made by the French physicist Denis Papin in book published in 1681, which described his "New Digester" or pressure cooker. It was a cast iron pot with an air-tight lid, which allowed liquids to boil at a higher temperature than usual, and so it cooked food in a quarter of the time. The food was cooked by pressurized steam being forced through it at about 121degC. All pressure cookers were made of cast iron until 1905, when the first aluminum model was made in America. In 1938, Alfred Vischer, a man from Chicago, U. S. A., designed a simple interlocking pan and lid, and an improved pressure-tight seal --a replaceable rubber sealing ring. When Vischer's patent expired in 1954, many companies entered the field, and the rapid pressure cooker became popular with people with people who had little time to cook or had to supply food for unexpected guests. The best title of this passage may possibly be _ .
|
[
"New Digester",
"Pressure Cooker",
"Favorite Cook",
"The History of Cooker"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you're looking for a fairly painless way to lose weight, researchers at Brigham Young University have a new solution for you: Put yourself on a regular sleep schedule. People who keep a regular sleep routine have a lower body fat than those who keep irregular sleep hours, says a new study. Led by Bruce Bailey, professor of exercise science, researchers followed 300 female college students aged 19 to 26, who were given activity trackers to watch their movements and activities, including waking and sleeping times . Researchers also measured their body composition before and after the one-week study period. What the researchers found: Body fat varied with sleep quantity. Women who slept between 8 and 8.5 hours a night had the lowest body fat. While those who slept less than 7 hours or over 9 hours had higher body fat. High quality sleep was associated with lower body fat while poor sleep was connected with higher body fat. Waking and going to sleep at the same time every day was most strongly linked with lower body fat. The difference in body weight was greater with more variation in sleep pattern. Women whose sleep patterns varied by 90 minutes a night had higher body fat than those whose sleep patterns varied by 60 minutes or less on average. The study followed up on a body of research conducted over the last few years that ties quality and quantity of sleep to weight loss and better weight control. While researchers don't know exactly how sleep schedules affect body weight and fat, other studies have shown that sleep has an effect on physical activity, appetite , and the hormones that control metabolism , and the signals that tell us we're full. Who may have the lowest body fat according to the study?
|
[
"Women whose sleep patterns varied by 90 times a night.",
"Women whose sleep patterns varied by 60 times a night.",
"Women who sleep no more than 7 hours a night.",
"Women who get 8 to 8.5 hours of sleep a night."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
RichardSolo 1800 Rechargeable Battery In just minutes a day, plug in and charge your iPhone quickly! Just plug RichardSolo 1800 into your iPhone once or twice a day, for fifteen minutes, and keep your iPhone charged up. At your desk, or at dinner, plug RichardSolo into iPhone to instantly transfer change. No more battery worries. RichardSolo will charge iPhone to full 1.5 time, and it is good for 3-5 years of recharges. Use the iPhone while charging it. Even charge the RichardSolo 1800 and iPhone together at the same time. Take only one charger when traveling and wake up in the morning with the RichardSolo and the iPhone charged. RichardSolo 1800 is largest in its class and holds its charge for months. Works with almost all iPhone cases. Your satisfaction is guaranteed, with our 30-day return privilege. If you're not satisfied for any reason, we'll email you a pre-paid return label. Actual customer comments: To have your company exhibit such good service is unbelievably refreshing. ---P.S. This is what I call great customer support. I wish more companies would figure this out these days. Thank you so much.---D.C. You have provided me one of the best services I have ever seen on any online/telephone shopping.--T.K. You must have the fastest processing and shipping in the industry!!--M.C. This is the best customer service experience I have had in a long time.---L.L. I've read online about your amazing customer service, and I must say I'm now a true believer.---B.L. What is special about the battery?
|
[
"It is built in an iPhone.",
"It is the smallest of its kind.",
"It can also be used as a charger.",
"It keeps power for about 30days."
] | 2C
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Clams, oysters, and mussels eat plankton filtered from water. How would clams, oysters, and mussels most likely be affected if the amount of plankton in a large body of water was significantly reduced?
|
[
"They would increase in number.",
"They would find a new food source.",
"They would become prey to other animals.",
"They would compete for a limited food source."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
When you don't speak, you may be still communicating. It is true that you may not wish to say anything. But your very silence may show your wish to be left alone or to stay uninvolved, which is the message you want to send. So it has been said that while we speak with our vocal organs, we _ with our whole bodies. All of us communicate with one anther nonverbally , as well as with words. Sometimes we know what we are doing with the use of gestures such as the thumbs-up sign to indicate that we approve. But most of the time we are not aware that we are doing it. Body language serves a variety of purpose. Firstly it can replace verbal communication, as with the use of gesture. Secondly, it can modify verbal communication. Loudness and tone of voice is an example here. Thirdly it regulates social interaction: turn taking is largely governed by non-verbal signals. Fourthly it conveys our emotions. Finally it conveys our attitude towards ourselves and towards the people we are communicating with. _ is particularly important for successful cross-cultural communications. Every culture has its own body language. So in order to achieve a more successful cross-cultural communications, we heed not only what to say but also how to say it appropriately. Observation shows that a truly bilingual person switches his body language at the same time he switches language. Body language varies _ .
|
[
"from culture to culture",
"from year to year",
"from time to time",
"from person to person"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following is an example of an assistive device?
|
[
"contact lens",
"motorcycle",
"raincoat",
"coffee pot"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Recovery from bulimia is difficult,but a beautiful journey!You'll come across many challenges--but once you've beaten them,the world will look much more beautiful. You can recover from this illness--I promise!Remember:If I recovered--you can too! I began throwing up when I was just a kid. Back then I didn't know why I did that. But now I can see that it was the result of my seeking so called fashionable diets. I was only 8 years old when my aunty phoned my mom saying that I'd thrown up my dinner.I told them it was just a party trick,and they ignored it. Their reaction made me realize that this "trick" of mine should be a secret. I would continue doing it,but would never let anyone know. As I got older,this secret habit got more and more serious,and this carried on for years. During my first year of university,at the age of 20,I wasted over $20,000 on food from the school dining hall. Finally,after having had bulimia for nearly 12 years,I decided enough was enough. I was close to death--I could feel it in every part of my body. I needed help,and I made an appointment with a counselor of my university. One year later,I graduated from university. I was proud of myself for getting my degree. But there was a deeper pride and strength inside my mind. I had beaten bulimia. It had been a long and difficult road--but I'd done it. The passage is written for people _ .
|
[
"who also suffer from bulimia",
"who major in bulimia at university",
"who want to form a good habit of dieting",
"who are eager to get a degree at university"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We all waste food, you and me, every day, millions of tons of it.In China, enough food is wasted in restaurants every year to feed 200 million people.And the amount of food wasted by Chinese consumers is increasing fast.So our nation is being encouraged to stop wasting food. So what should Chinese consumers do to prevent food waste? Keep a kitchen diary All of us should keep a kitchen diary, and we can know that how much food we waste at home.The first thing for us to do is to stop throwing away food that we can still eat.We should eat everything we buy and if we cannot, we should buy less. Buy only what we need We should ask for smaller portions in stores.We should also check how much food we have before buying more.We shouldn't bring much food we don't need home even if large posters ask us to do so. Develop the habit of packing food Chinese consumers are generous and friendly.In restaurants, often too much food is ordered and served.So when ordering out, we are supposed to exclude the food in the order if we don't plan to eat it.And order smaller servings in restaurants and take home what we cannot finish. Don't put it off! Let's stop food waste today! Why is our nation being encouraged to stop wasting food?
|
[
"Because there's enough food for Chinese people.",
"Because Chinese consumers like to try delicious food.",
"Because the number of food wasted by us is growing fast.",
"Because it's traditional to invite friends to dinner in China."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Imagine living locked inside a closet. You can't choose when and what to eat or how you will spend your time. You can't even decide when the lights go on and off. Think about spending your whole life like this. This is the life of lab animals. Now consider the needs of these animals. Chimpanzees ,in their natural homes, are never separated from their families. They spend hours together every day. But in a lab, chimpanzees are put in cages alone. There are no families, only cold, hard cages, and loneliness that goes on for so many years that most of them lose their minds at last. Worse yet are the experiments. Animals are given diseases they would never normally get. Experimenters force-feed(......) chemicals to them, conduct repeated surgeries ,and much more, Think of what it would be like to put up with these and then be thrown back into a cage, usually without any painkillers. Often animals see other animals being killed right in front of them. Hundreds of thousands of animals are poisoned, blinded, and killed every year in product tests for shampoos, skin creams and new cancer drugs. Although more than 500 companies have stopped testing on animals, some of them still force chemicals into monkeys' stomachs and rabbits' eyes. Although some facilities are better than others at caring for animals--not every lab worker kills a mouse by cutting off its head with scissors--there are no happy animals inside laboratories. Will the lab life end? When will it end? We can infer from the passage that _ .
|
[
"some companies have found ways to replace animal tests",
"animals normally get no strange diseases",
"animals are happy in labs with better facilities",
"painkillers can change the results of experiments"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Rain and cold weather this summer saw honey yields from hives fall by almost three-quarters, the British Beekeepers Association(BBKA)said today. The average crop per hive was down 72% compared to last year, with just 3.6kg (81b) of honey produced compared to an annual average, the annual honey survey by the BBKA revealed. The survey of 2,712 beekeepers in England, Northern Ireland and Wales found that 88% said this summer's bad weather caused the _ in honey yields. The bad weather made it difficult for bees to excrete ,which led to disease easily, and the bad weather also increased the risk of keeping bees for heavy rain caused the places which bees regularly visited to meet natural disasters. The bad weather also influenced the plants flowering which increased the cost of keeping bees. The BBKA issued a midsummer warning to feed bees if necessary to avoid dying from hunger. But in London, which recorded the worst results with just 2.5kg (5.61b)of honey harvested on average, beekeeping experts said that in addition to the bad weather there was a lack of food for bees in the city. Angela Woods, secretary of the London Beekeepers Association, said, "Rather than putting beehives on office roofs, we encourage companies in London that want to help to look at different ways of supporting bees and beekeepers. We need more food for the bees and better-educated beekeepers." Elsewhere, the weather was the main problem. Peter Hutton, a beekeeper in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, said, "It has been the most difficult year I have known in my 53 years of beekeeping. Bad weather in spring prevented bees in many areas from collecting nectar from early-flowering crops such as oilseed rape ,and the rain continued in many places throughout June and July, preventing honeybees from searching for food on later crops." The BBKA warned that as well as reducing the honey harvest, the bad weather is likely to have a longer-term influence as it will have affected the normal process of breeding for the queens, which mate on the wing on fine, still summer days. As a result they may have mated poorly and be unable to produce enough new babies to see groups through the winter. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"The quality of the honeybees is influenced by the bad weather.",
"London companies are encouraged to take part in helping bees and beekeepers.",
"Both the cost and the risk of keeping bees are increased because of the bad weather.",
"Better-educated beekeepers are needed to improve the bad situations that the bad weather brought to bees."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Marriages improve after children grow up and move out,according to an academic study, which suggests an "empty nest" is not always a bad thing. Popular wisdom has it that parents' relationships may suffer once their young fly the coop, because they feel they have lost their purpose in life.However, a new study by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, has found that many couples actually feel happier when their children leave home because they are able to enjoy spending time together. In total,123 American mothers born in the 1930s were tracked for 18 years and asked to rate their satisfaction levels shortly after marrying, when they were bringing up babies, once their children reached their teenage years and finally at age 61, when almost all had "empty nests". Although not all said they were happier in general, most claimed their marriages had improved since their children had left home. Researchers believe this is not just because the spouses were spending more time together, but because they were able to enjoy each other's company more. One of the participants in the study,which is published in the journal Psychological Science,said:"Once the kids grow up...there's some of that stress removed...that responsibility removed,so things are a little more relaxed." Psychologist Sara Gorchoff,who carried out the investigation,said: "The takehome message for couples with young children is 'hang in there'." Her coauthor Oliver John added:"Don't wait until your kids leave home to schedule quality time with your partner." However, Dr Dorothy Rowe,from the British Psychological Society,said the effects of living in an "empty nest" will depend on the parents' relationship with their children."If you're just waiting for them to leave home so you can get on with your life,then of course you'll be pleased to see them go," she said, "But if you've built your life around your children you'll be terribly lonely.For some parents,their world falls apart when their children leave." Marriages improve after children fly the coop not because _ .
|
[
"many couples are able to spend time together",
"many couples are able to enjoy each other's company",
"things are a little more relaxed",
"many couples needn't work at all"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What can perform photosynthesis?
|
[
"animals",
"people",
"water",
"shrubs"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.