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      <span class="breadcrumbs">
        <a href="pyparsing-module.html">Module&nbsp;pyparsing</a> ::
        Class&nbsp;Forward
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<!-- ==================== CLASS DESCRIPTION ==================== -->
<h1 class="epydoc">Class Forward</h1><p class="nomargin-top"><span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward">source&nbsp;code</a></span></p>
<pre class="base-tree">
     object --+        
              |        
  <a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html">ParserElement</a> --+    
                  |    
<a href="pyparsing.ParseElementEnhance-class.html">ParseElementEnhance</a> --+
                      |
                     <strong class="uidshort">Forward</strong>
</pre>

<dl><dt>Known Subclasses:</dt>
<dd>
      <ul class="subclass-list">
<li class="private">_ForwardNoRecurse</li>  </ul>
</dd></dl>

<hr />
<p>Forward declaration of an expression to be defined later - used for 
  recursive grammars, such as algebraic infix notation. When the expression
  is known, it is assigned to the <code>Forward</code> variable using the 
  '&lt;&lt;' operator.</p>
  <p>Note: take care when assigning to <code>Forward</code> not to overlook
  precedence of operators. Specifically, '|' has a lower precedence than 
  '&lt;&lt;', so that:</p>
<pre class="literalblock">
  fwdExpr &lt;&lt; a | b | c
</pre>
  <p>will actually be evaluated as:</p>
<pre class="literalblock">
  (fwdExpr &lt;&lt; a) | b | c
</pre>
  <p>thereby leaving b and c out as parseable alternatives.  It is 
  recommended that you explicitly group the values inserted into the 
  <code>Forward</code>:</p>
<pre class="literalblock">
  fwdExpr &lt;&lt; (a | b | c)
</pre>
  <p>Converting to use the '&lt;&lt;=' operator instead will avoid this 
  problem.</p>

<!-- ==================== NESTED CLASSES ==================== -->
<a name="section-NestedClasses"></a>
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       cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
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  <td align="left" colspan="2" class="table-header">
    <span class="table-header">Nested Classes</span></td>
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  <tr>
    <td colspan="2" class="summary">
    <p class="indent-wrapped-lines"><b>Inherited from <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html">ParserElement</a></code></b>:
      <code><a href="pyparsing.Literal-class.html">literalStringClass</a></code>
      </p>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>
<!-- ==================== INSTANCE METHODS ==================== -->
<a name="section-InstanceMethods"></a>
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       cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
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  <td align="left" colspan="2" class="table-header">
    <span class="table-header">Instance Methods</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
      <span class="summary-type">&nbsp;</span>
    </td><td class="summary">
      <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
        <tr>
          <td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="pyparsing.Forward-class.html#__init__" class="summary-sig-name">__init__</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">self</span>,
        <span class="summary-sig-arg">other</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">None</span>)</span><br />
      x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature</td>
          <td align="right" valign="top">
            <span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.__init__">source&nbsp;code</a></span>
            
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
      
    </td>
  </tr>
<tr>
    <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
      <span class="summary-type">&nbsp;</span>
    </td><td class="summary">
      <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
        <tr>
          <td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__lshift__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__lshift__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">self</span>,
        <span class="summary-sig-arg">other</span>)</span></td>
          <td align="right" valign="top">
            <span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.__lshift__">source&nbsp;code</a></span>
            
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
      
    </td>
  </tr>
<tr>
    <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
      <span class="summary-type">&nbsp;</span>
    </td><td class="summary">
      <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
        <tr>
          <td><span class="summary-sig"><a name="__ilshift__"></a><span class="summary-sig-name">__ilshift__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">self</span>,
        <span class="summary-sig-arg">other</span>)</span></td>
          <td align="right" valign="top">
            <span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.__ilshift__">source&nbsp;code</a></span>
            
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
      
    </td>
  </tr>
<tr>
    <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
      <span class="summary-type">&nbsp;</span>
    </td><td class="summary">
      <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
        <tr>
          <td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="pyparsing.Forward-class.html#leaveWhitespace" class="summary-sig-name">leaveWhitespace</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">self</span>)</span><br />
      Disables the skipping of whitespace before matching the characters in
      the <code>ParserElement</code>'s defined pattern.</td>
          <td align="right" valign="top">
            <span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.leaveWhitespace">source&nbsp;code</a></span>
            
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
      
    </td>
  </tr>
<tr>
    <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
      <span class="summary-type">&nbsp;</span>
    </td><td class="summary">
      <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
        <tr>
          <td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="pyparsing.Forward-class.html#streamline" class="summary-sig-name">streamline</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">self</span>)</span></td>
          <td align="right" valign="top">
            <span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.streamline">source&nbsp;code</a></span>
            
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
      
    </td>
  </tr>
<tr>
    <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
      <span class="summary-type">&nbsp;</span>
    </td><td class="summary">
      <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
        <tr>
          <td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="pyparsing.Forward-class.html#validate" class="summary-sig-name">validate</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">self</span>,
        <span class="summary-sig-arg">validateTrace</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default"><code class="variable-group">[</code><code class="variable-group">]</code></span>)</span><br />
      Check defined expressions for valid structure, check for infinite 
      recursive definitions.</td>
          <td align="right" valign="top">
            <span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.validate">source&nbsp;code</a></span>
            
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
      
    </td>
  </tr>
<tr>
    <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
      <span class="summary-type">&nbsp;</span>
    </td><td class="summary">
      <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
        <tr>
          <td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="pyparsing.Forward-class.html#__str__" class="summary-sig-name">__str__</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">self</span>)</span><br />
      str(x)</td>
          <td align="right" valign="top">
            <span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.__str__">source&nbsp;code</a></span>
            
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
      
    </td>
  </tr>
<tr>
    <td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
      <span class="summary-type">&nbsp;</span>
    </td><td class="summary">
      <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
        <tr>
          <td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="pyparsing.Forward-class.html#copy" class="summary-sig-name">copy</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">self</span>)</span><br />
      Make a copy of this <code>ParserElement</code>.</td>
          <td align="right" valign="top">
            <span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.copy">source&nbsp;code</a></span>
            
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
      
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td colspan="2" class="summary">
    <p class="indent-wrapped-lines"><b>Inherited from <code><a href="pyparsing.ParseElementEnhance-class.html">ParseElementEnhance</a></code></b>:
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParseElementEnhance-class.html#checkRecursion">checkRecursion</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParseElementEnhance-class.html#ignore">ignore</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParseElementEnhance-class.html#parseImpl">parseImpl</a></code>
      </p>
    <p class="indent-wrapped-lines"><b>Inherited from <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html">ParserElement</a></code></b>:
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__add__">__add__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__and__">__and__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__call__">__call__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__eq__">__eq__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__hash__">__hash__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__invert__">__invert__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__mul__">__mul__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__ne__">__ne__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__or__">__or__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__radd__">__radd__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__rand__">__rand__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__repr__">__repr__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__req__">__req__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__rmul__">__rmul__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__rne__">__rne__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__ror__">__ror__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__rsub__">__rsub__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__rxor__">__rxor__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__sub__">__sub__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#__xor__">__xor__</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#addCondition">addCondition</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#addParseAction">addParseAction</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#canParseNext">canParseNext</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#parseFile">parseFile</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#parseString">parseString</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#parseWithTabs">parseWithTabs</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#postParse">postParse</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#preParse">preParse</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#runTests">runTests</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#scanString">scanString</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#searchString">searchString</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#setBreak">setBreak</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#setDebug">setDebug</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#setDebugActions">setDebugActions</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#setFailAction">setFailAction</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#setName">setName</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#setParseAction">setParseAction</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#setResultsName">setResultsName</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#setWhitespaceChars">setWhitespaceChars</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#suppress">suppress</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#transformString">transformString</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#tryParse">tryParse</a></code>
      </p>
    <p class="indent-wrapped-lines"><b>Inherited from <code>object</code></b>:
      <code>__delattr__</code>,
      <code>__format__</code>,
      <code>__getattribute__</code>,
      <code>__new__</code>,
      <code>__reduce__</code>,
      <code>__reduce_ex__</code>,
      <code>__setattr__</code>,
      <code>__sizeof__</code>,
      <code>__subclasshook__</code>
      </p>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>
<!-- ==================== STATIC METHODS ==================== -->
<a name="section-StaticMethods"></a>
<table class="summary" border="1" cellpadding="3"
       cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header">
  <td align="left" colspan="2" class="table-header">
    <span class="table-header">Static Methods</span></td>
</tr>
  <tr>
    <td colspan="2" class="summary">
    <p class="indent-wrapped-lines"><b>Inherited from <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html">ParserElement</a></code></b>:
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#enablePackrat">enablePackrat</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#inlineLiteralsUsing">inlineLiteralsUsing</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#resetCache">resetCache</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#setDefaultWhitespaceChars">setDefaultWhitespaceChars</a></code>
      </p>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>
<!-- ==================== CLASS VARIABLES ==================== -->
<a name="section-ClassVariables"></a>
<table class="summary" border="1" cellpadding="3"
       cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header">
  <td align="left" colspan="2" class="table-header">
    <span class="table-header">Class Variables</span></td>
</tr>
  <tr>
    <td colspan="2" class="summary">
    <p class="indent-wrapped-lines"><b>Inherited from <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html">ParserElement</a></code></b>:
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS">DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS</a></code>,
      <code><a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#verbose_stacktrace">verbose_stacktrace</a></code>
      </p>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>
<!-- ==================== PROPERTIES ==================== -->
<a name="section-Properties"></a>
<table class="summary" border="1" cellpadding="3"
       cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header">
  <td align="left" colspan="2" class="table-header">
    <span class="table-header">Properties</span></td>
</tr>
  <tr>
    <td colspan="2" class="summary">
    <p class="indent-wrapped-lines"><b>Inherited from <code>object</code></b>:
      <code>__class__</code>
      </p>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>
<!-- ==================== METHOD DETAILS ==================== -->
<a name="section-MethodDetails"></a>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
       cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header">
  <td align="left" colspan="2" class="table-header">
    <span class="table-header">Method Details</span></td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="__init__"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
       cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
  <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
  <tr valign="top"><td>
  <h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__init__</span>(<span class="sig-arg">self</span>,
        <span class="sig-arg">other</span>=<span class="sig-default">None</span>)</span>
    <br /><em class="fname">(Constructor)</em>
  </h3>
  </td><td align="right" valign="top"
    ><span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.__init__">source&nbsp;code</a></span>&nbsp;
    </td>
  </tr></table>
  
  <p>x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature</p>
  <dl class="fields">
    <dt>Overrides:
        object.__init__
        <dd><em class="note">(inherited documentation)</em></dd>
    </dt>
  </dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="leaveWhitespace"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
       cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
  <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
  <tr valign="top"><td>
  <h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">leaveWhitespace</span>(<span class="sig-arg">self</span>)</span>
  </h3>
  </td><td align="right" valign="top"
    ><span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.leaveWhitespace">source&nbsp;code</a></span>&nbsp;
    </td>
  </tr></table>
  
  <p>Disables the skipping of whitespace before matching the characters in 
  the <code>ParserElement</code>'s defined pattern.  This is normally only 
  used internally by the pyparsing module, but may be needed in some 
  whitespace-sensitive grammars.</p>
  <dl class="fields">
    <dt>Overrides:
        <a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#leaveWhitespace">ParserElement.leaveWhitespace</a>
        <dd><em class="note">(inherited documentation)</em></dd>
    </dt>
  </dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="streamline"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
       cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
  <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
  <tr valign="top"><td>
  <h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">streamline</span>(<span class="sig-arg">self</span>)</span>
  </h3>
  </td><td align="right" valign="top"
    ><span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.streamline">source&nbsp;code</a></span>&nbsp;
    </td>
  </tr></table>
  
  
  <dl class="fields">
    <dt>Overrides:
        <a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#streamline">ParserElement.streamline</a>
    </dt>
  </dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="validate"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
       cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
  <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
  <tr valign="top"><td>
  <h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">validate</span>(<span class="sig-arg">self</span>,
        <span class="sig-arg">validateTrace</span>=<span class="sig-default"><code class="variable-group">[</code><code class="variable-group">]</code></span>)</span>
  </h3>
  </td><td align="right" valign="top"
    ><span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.validate">source&nbsp;code</a></span>&nbsp;
    </td>
  </tr></table>
  
  <p>Check defined expressions for valid structure, check for infinite 
  recursive definitions.</p>
  <dl class="fields">
    <dt>Overrides:
        <a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#validate">ParserElement.validate</a>
        <dd><em class="note">(inherited documentation)</em></dd>
    </dt>
  </dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="__str__"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
       cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
  <table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
  <tr valign="top"><td>
  <h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__str__</span>(<span class="sig-arg">self</span>)</span>
    <br /><em class="fname">(Informal representation operator)</em>
  </h3>
  </td><td align="right" valign="top"
    ><span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.__str__">source&nbsp;code</a></span>&nbsp;
    </td>
  </tr></table>
  
  <p>str(x)</p>
  <dl class="fields">
    <dt>Overrides:
        object.__str__
        <dd><em class="note">(inherited documentation)</em></dd>
    </dt>
  </dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="copy"></a>
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  <h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">copy</span>(<span class="sig-arg">self</span>)</span>
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    ><span class="codelink"><a href="pyparsing-pysrc.html#Forward.copy">source&nbsp;code</a></span>&nbsp;
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  <p>Make a copy of this <code>ParserElement</code>.  Useful for defining 
  different parse actions for the same parsing pattern, using copies of the
  original parse element.</p>
  <dl class="fields">
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        <a href="pyparsing.ParserElement-class.html#copy">ParserElement.copy</a>
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