text
stringlengths 127
530k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 1
value | url
stringlengths 14
1.18k
| date
stringlengths 20
20
| file_path
stringclasses 154
values | language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 28
123k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I had the need to upgrade multiple pcs with Ubuntu 9.04 without downloading for every single instance all the files needed for the upgrade process to work.
You will just need to download the “alternate” Ubuntu iso (that you can find here).
Then as next step you have 2 choices, burn the cd or mount the iso file locally as below:
sudo mount -o loop ubuntu-9.10-alternate-i386.iso /media/cdrom0
Then we can run the executable “cdromupgrade” inside the root of the cdrom:
sudo /cdrom/cdromupgrade &
and then follow the normal upgrade process through the interface. | <urn:uuid:c8f95385-4583-48d9-8441-a8331b42b375> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://enricosimonetti.com/category/teckie/page/4/ | 2024-04-19T12:26:29Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.911623 | 148 |
Trowler, Paul (1998) What managerialists forget:higher education credit frameworks and managerialist ideology. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 8 (1). pp. 91-110. ISSN 1747-5066
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
This article uses data from a five-year ethnographic study of a single higher education institution to assess aspects of the 'realism' of managerialist approaches articulated through the credit framework in higher education in the United Kingdom. By 'credit framework' is meant the constellation of more or less compatible features facilitated by the assignment of credit to assessed learning, including modularity, the semester system, franchising, the accreditation of work-based learning and of prior learning. From the perspective of managerialist ideology the framework as a whole and its individual components offer a number of attractions, including greater economy, efficiency, manageability and market responsiveness in higher education institutions. Data from the site of the study and a theoretical framework derived from policy sociology are used to show that managerialist ideology oversimplifies and occludes aspects of social reality in higher education, the effect of which is to undermine many of the benefits claimed for the credit framework by managerialists. | <urn:uuid:b5a3543e-b2ac-44d7-b176-73ec1bdb3dce> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/61677/ | 2024-04-19T13:00:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.930869 | 247 |
The elite traders in our society are making millions in profit by using a simple trading method. If you ever get the chance to look at the trade setup of the institutional traders in the United Kingdom, you can see a very simple chart setup. They don’t rely on the complicated trading method but rather they use a simple strategy as it gives them to look at the market from a different perspective. In trading, you have to do the opposite of the herd and only then you will become a successful trader.
To be a successful trader you have to decipher the secrets of trading. You might think the successful traders don’t have any secret but in reality, they do. But it is so simple that we often fail to acknowledge it.
Embracing the losses
Successful traders embrace the losses without having any emotional stress. To them, the losing orders are nothing but a profit-taking opportunity. They analyze the losses and find the key reason and weakness in the trading method. Based on the analytical data they bring necessary change to the trading system which eventually allows them to boost up the profit factors without increasing the trading volume.
Quality trade execution
The pro traders maintain quality in all the trades. They are never biased since they know the risk of trading is high when the steps are taken with emotions. To ensure high-quality trade execution, you have to know how to analyze the daily and weekly time frames. Sticking to the lower time frame or using a scalping method is not enough. You might become a professional scalper still the analysis needs to be done in the higher time frame. This is something most of the naïve scalpers don’t know. Try to scalp the market in the daily chart and you see the change in your performance.
Depth of your knowledge
The depth of your knowledge determines your success. Learn more about Forex trading to beat this market. Those who think they can’t beat the market is wrong. Beating the market is not trading against the trend rather it is taking the trades with logic. For that, you have to gain extensive knowledge on the three key main forms of market analysis. These are technical, fundamental, and sentiment analysis. Master these analytical skills and you can take yourself to the next stage of trading.
Ability to synchronize
The successful traders have strong adaption skills. They can synchronize their trading method with any kind of market condition. The new traders are mostly told to ignore the market which they don’t understand. But the successful traders try to decipher the parts of market they don’t understand. It is one of the key reasons why they are so profitable when trading. If you intend to become the best trader in the world, you have to think like the best. Open a demo account and try to trade the most complicated market so that you can understand this market much better.
Trading with the top brokers
Do you know the profitable traders never trade with the low graded broker? To them, the trading environment plays a critical role. You can also feel the change when you take the data from the professional platform. For instance, try the SaxoTraderPro platform and you will realize the importance of premium tools. The funds will be also safe and there is will no manipulation of the price.
Now you know the secrets of the successful traders. Try to achieve this skill by doing smart work. Remember we are not asking you to work hard rather we are telling you to work intelligently. Think one statement and you will realize why you are still losing money. Feel free to ask the professional traders to help solve any issues. If it’s not possible, use the internet to get your desired answer. | <urn:uuid:c753e0a6-5896-4cb9-817b-e77fae5f67df> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://eprnews.com/secrets-of-the-professional-currency-traders-454578/ | 2024-04-19T12:43:30Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.948589 | 754 |
The Tax Benefit Of Working From Home
When lockdown started it forced many workplaces to close their doors, and resulted in a record number of people working from home. For some employees there will have been savings on travel, but for most this will have led to additional household expenses. HMRC have recently issued new guidance on what expenses are taxable if your employee is working from home due to coronavirus and the fixed rate expense claims that can be made by employees.
Employers can give an allowance to their employees to reimburse them for the additional household costs as a result of working from home. If eligible for the allowance, it will be free from tax and national insurance and the employer will have no reporting obligations. The allowance is currently £6 per week, an increase from £4 per week prior to 6 April 2020. To be eligible the employee must be working from home because they have to, not out of choice. For example, where the office is closed or the employee is having to self-isolate due to coronavirus. Employers can pay higher amounts than the weekly allowance, however their employees will be required to produce receipts to evidence the additional costs incurred. Providing the amounts reimbursed does no more than meet the employee’s additional costs, this will also be tax free. Prior to lockdown, the working from home allowance would only be made to employees where a contractual working from home arrangement was in place.
Employers can still provide equipment and supplies to employees working from home and providing these are used for business use only, or the private use is insignificant, then this will be tax free. If the employer transfers ownership of the equipment to the employee, then this will become an employee benefit and a tax charge may apply. Under new temporary guidelines employers can reimburse employees the full cost of office equipment if they had to purchase the equipment to enable them to work from home. This will need to be agreed in advance and providing there is no significant private use, this will also be non-taxable. The guidance states that the equipment will belong to the employee unless the employer has specified that the ownership should be transferred to them. In this case, there will be no benefit charge for the employee if allowed to keep the equipment as it already belongs to them.
In this current climate, employers may not be in a position to reimburse employees for the additional cost of working from home. It was announced that employees can make a claim for a tax deduction of £6 per week for each week they are working from home from 6 April 2020, or £4 per week for earlier periods, without having to justify the cost, previously they were not permitted to make a flat rate claim for homeworking expenses. Employees can still make a claim for more if the additional cost is higher than the flat rate amount but the claim would need to be evidenced by receipts.
Employees who are within the self-assessment regime can make a claim through their tax return while employees who don’t, can submit a P87 form either online or by post. You can download the P87 form | <urn:uuid:1183eb14-fc50-4349-ab4a-8a1ee6be90e6> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://eqtaxperts.com/the-tax-benefit-of-working-from-home/ | 2024-04-19T12:36:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.977968 | 622 |
Hey guys Erick here, just wanted to give a quick update about my journey promoting high ticket offers. (Screenshot of my CB Affiliate Account below)
I bought the program at the beginning of October, I was very skeptical at first but because the program was from Clickbank which is the biggest marketplace for digital products online, I decided to give it a shot. Just after a few weeks of being a member I started to see success.
I’ve implemented everything Justin taught inside CBU and my account started to get filled with high ticket commissions.
As you can see from the screenshot below I went from making $13 a week to over 7k and the crazy part is for the first time in my life I have made over 4.5k in a single day.
I have to work 2 full months to make that type of income. My eyes are now opened and it’s time to scale this to the moon.
NOTE: ClickBank Breaks The Internet Closes TODAY.
The results above are not typical and i’m not saying that you’ll see such great results because i don’t know how you’ll implement the training and use the software. But if you take massive action you too can see this type of results and why not even better. The sky is really the limit here.
Hurry and secure your Access to ClickBank.com University. The Program and all the Bonuses Closes TODAY. Don’t miss out. Lock you spot Today and Get Access Instantly including unlimited access to the WebinarX software. | <urn:uuid:3ced1dd5-42d9-4ff5-b04e-508cad5b968c> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://erickbrockway.com/cbu-results/ | 2024-04-19T13:01:16Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.966408 | 327 |
Are you looking to streamline your financial operations and enhance your business efficiency? Look no further! With an ERP Finance Module, you can simplify your financial processes and gain a competitive edge in the market. As an expert in the field with extensive experience around ERP Finance Module, I can guide you through the benefits and implementation strategies. Let’s dive in and discover how this powerful tool can revolutionize your financial management. ✨
The Importance of an ERP Finance Module
Discover how an ERP finance module can streamline your financial operations and improve your overall efficiency.
What is an ERP Finance Module?
An ERP finance module is a software component that is part of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. It specifically focuses on managing and organizing financial operations within a company. This module helps businesses streamline their financial processes, allowing for better control and visibility over their financial data.
Benefits of Implementing an ERP Finance Module
Implementing an ERP finance module can bring numerous benefits to your organization. Firstly, it centralizes all financial data, making it easily accessible and eliminating the need for multiple systems and manual data entry. This streamlines processes and reduces the chances of errors or discrepancies.
Additionally, an ERP finance module automates various financial tasks such as generating invoices, processing payments, and tracking expenses. This automation saves time and reduces the reliance on manual input, increasing efficiency and productivity.
The module also provides real-time insights into financial performance through analytics and reporting tools. It helps identify trends, track key financial metrics, and enables better decision-making. With accurate and up-to-date data, you can make informed financial decisions that drive business growth.
Furthermore, an ERP finance module enhances financial control and compliance. It ensures adherence to regulatory requirements and internal policies by enforcing standardized processes and workflows. This reduces the risk of financial fraud or non-compliance.
Key Features of an ERP Finance Module
An ERP finance module typically includes a range of features designed to support financial operations. Some key features include:
- General Ledger: Keeps track of financial transactions and provides an overview of the company’s financial status.
- Accounts Payable: Manages and tracks supplier payments, purchase orders, and invoice processing.
- Accounts Receivable: Handles customer invoicing, payment processing, and tracks outstanding receivables.
- Cash Management: Helps manage cash flow, bank reconciliations, and financial forecasting.
- Financial Reporting: Generates financial statements, reports, and analytics to provide insights into the company’s financial performance.
- Budgeting and Forecasting: Facilitates the creation and monitoring of budgets, forecasts, and financial plans.
An ERP finance module is a powerful tool that can significantly improve your financial operations. By streamlining processes, automating tasks, and providing real-time insights, it empowers you to make better financial decisions and drive growth for your organization.
Selecting the Right ERP Finance Module for Your Business
Learn how to choose the best ERP finance module that aligns with your business needs and goals.
Evaluating Your Business Requirements
To effectively streamline your financial operations, selecting the right ERP finance module is crucial. Begin by evaluating your business requirements to determine the specific features and functionalities needed. Consider factors like the size of your organization, industry, and future growth plans. This evaluation process ensures that the ERP finance module you choose will address your unique needs and support your business objectives.
Considering Integration Capabilities
When choosing an ERP finance module, it is important to consider its integration capabilities. The module should seamlessly integrate with your existing systems and software, such as CRM or inventory management tools. Integration allows for smooth data flow across various departments, eliminating the need for manual data entry and reducing errors. This integration capability enhances efficiency and accuracy in your financial operations.
Assessing Customization Options
Customization is key when it comes to selecting an ERP finance module. Assess the flexibility and customization options offered by different modules. Look for a module that allows you to tailor it to your specific business processes and workflows. This ensures that the module aligns perfectly with your unique requirements without forcing you to change your operational methods. By choosing a customizable ERP finance module, you have the ability to optimize your financial processes to achieve maximum efficiency. ✨
Remember, choosing the right ERP finance module is a critical decision that impacts your financial operations and overall business performance. By thoroughly evaluating your business requirements, considering integration capabilities, and assessing customization options, you can select the perfect module that streamlines your financial operations and supports your growth.
Implementing an ERP Finance Module Successfully
Streamline Your Financial Operations with an ERP Finance Module
Planning and Preparing for Implementation
To effectively integrate an ERP finance module into your organization, careful planning and preparation are essential steps.
First, assess your organization’s current financial processes and identify pain points and inefficiencies. This evaluation will help you determine the specific features and functionalities that your ERP finance module should have.
Next, create a detailed implementation plan that outlines the necessary tasks, timelines, and responsibilities. This plan should address areas such as data migration, system integration, and employee training.
It is crucial to involve key stakeholders, including finance and IT teams, in the planning process. Their input and expertise will ensure a smooth implementation and improved adoption rate.
Training and Education for Users
Once the planning phase is complete, focus on providing comprehensive training and education for users. Adequate training plays a significant role in the successful implementation of an ERP finance module.
Offer training sessions tailored to different user groups, such as finance personnel, managers, and administrators. These sessions should cover both the technical aspects of using the ERP system as well as the specific functionalities relevant to each user’s role.
Consider implementing online training modules or providing access to instructional videos and user guides for ongoing support. Encourage employees to ask questions, provide feedback, and share best practices to foster a continuous learning environment.
Data Migration and System Testing
Data migration and system testing are critical steps before fully implementing an ERP finance module. It is essential to ensure that all data is accurately transferred from the existing systems to the ERP module.
Begin by identifying the relevant financial data that needs to be migrated. This could include customer information, transaction history, and financial reports. Develop a data migration plan and establish clear processes for data verification and validation.
Before the go-live date, conduct comprehensive system testing to identify any potential issues or discrepancies. This testing phase should include scenarios that cover various financial processes, such as invoicing, budgeting, and reporting.
In summary, successfully implementing an ERP finance module requires careful planning, thorough training, and meticulous data migration and system testing. By following a step-by-step process, your organization can streamline financial operations and improve efficiency.
When implementing the ERP finance module, it is important to choose the right ERP software to meet your business needs.
Streamline Your Financial Operations with an ERP Finance Module
Implementing an ERP finance module can significantly enhance your business’s financial operations. This powerful tool streamlines processes and provides valuable insights for better decision-making. However, like any other software implementation, ERP finance modules also come with their own set of challenges. In this article, we will explore some common hurdles faced during implementation and strategies to overcome them.
1. Change Management and User Adoption
Implementing an ERP finance module often requires significant changes to existing processes and workflows. This can create resistance among employees and hinder user adoption. To overcome this challenge, it is crucial to have a well-defined change management plan in place. Communicate the benefits of the new system to employees, provide comprehensive training, and involve key stakeholders in the decision-making process. Encouraging open communication and addressing concerns will help smooth the transition and ensure successful user adoption.
2. Addressing Data Security and Compliance
Data security and compliance are major concerns in finance operations. With an ERP finance module, sensitive financial data is consolidated and accessed through a centralized system. It is important to prioritize data security by implementing robust security measures such as encryption, access controls, and regular data backups. Additionally, ensure compliance with industry regulations and standards by configuring the module accordingly. Regular audits and security assessments can help identify and address any vulnerabilities.
3. Managing Integration Complexity
An ERP finance module may need to integrate with existing systems, such as CRM or inventory management software. Managing this integration complexity can be a challenge. To overcome this, ensure thorough planning and evaluation of integration requirements. Choose a module that offers seamless integration capabilities and work closely with the software provider or IT team to ensure a smooth integration process. Regular testing and monitoring can help identify and resolve any integration issues.
Challenges | Strategies to Overcome |
Change Management and User Adoption | Communicate benefits, provide training, involve stakeholders |
Addressing Data Security and Compliance | Implement robust security measures, ensure compliance |
Managing Integration Complexity | Thorough planning, seamless integration, regular testing |
In conclusion, implementing an ERP finance module can greatly benefit your business, but it is important to be aware of and address the challenges that may arise. By focusing on change management, data security, and integration complexity, your organization can successfully streamline its financial operations and drive overall efficiency.
One popular cloud-based ERP solution is SAP, which offers a comprehensive suite of finance and accounting features.
Streamline Your Financial Operations with an ERP Finance Module
Discover how to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of your ERP finance module by implementing tips and best practices. With continuous process improvement, data analytics and reporting, and ensuring system accessibility and reliability, your financial operations will be streamlined and optimized.
Maximizing the Benefits of an ERP Finance Module
Implementing an ERP finance module is key to streamlining your financial operations and maximizing its benefits. By following these tips and best practices, you can ensure that your ERP finance module is utilized to its full potential.
Continuous Process Improvement
To continuously improve your financial operations, embrace a mindset of continuous process improvement. Regularly review and analyze your processes, identify areas for enhancement, and implement appropriate changes to streamline operations and increase efficiency. This approach will help you stay ahead of the evolving financial landscape and drive better results.
Data Analytics and Reporting
Leveraging data analytics and reporting tools is crucial for optimizing your ERP finance module. Utilize the available data to gain valuable insights into your financial performance, identify trends, and make informed decisions. By harnessing the power of data, you can confidently drive strategic initiatives and achieve better financial outcomes.
Ensuring System Accessibility and Reliability
It is essential to prioritize system accessibility and reliability to ensure smooth functioning of your ERP finance module. Regularly monitor and maintain the system, address any issues promptly, and ensure that it remains accessible to authorized users. By establishing a reliable and user-friendly system, you can minimize disruptions and maximize productivity.
Benefits | Actions |
Efficiency | Continuously improve processes |
Effectiveness | Utilize data analytics and reporting |
System Accessibility | Maintain and monitor system |
Reliability | Address any issues promptly |
Note: By implementing these strategies, you can unlock the full potential of your ERP finance module and streamline your financial operations for increased efficiency and effectiveness.
For organizations in the manufacturing industry, a manufacturing ERP software such as Epicor can greatly improve efficiency and productivity.
Frequently Asked Questions
Thank you for taking the time to read our article on the ERP finance module. We hope it provided you with valuable insights into the benefits and functionalities of this essential tool for managing financial processes. Should you have any further inquiries, please refer to the FAQs below.
No. | Questions | Answers |
1. | What is an ERP finance module?⭐️ | The ERP finance module is a software component of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system that enables businesses to manage financial activities such as budgeting, accounting, financial reporting, and cash flow management. |
2. | How does the ERP finance module benefit businesses?⭐️ | The ERP finance module streamlines financial processes, improves accuracy, enhances financial visibility, enables effective decision-making, ensures compliance with regulatory requirements, and supports the overall financial health of the organization. |
3. | Can the ERP finance module integrate with other systems?⭐️ | Yes, the ERP finance module can integrate with other essential business systems such as inventory management, sales, and customer relationship management (CRM), providing a comprehensive and connected view of the organization’s operations. |
4. | Is the ERP finance module customizable?⭐️ | Yes, the ERP finance module can be customized to fit the specific needs of a business, allowing for tailoring of workflows, reporting configurations, chart of accounts, and financial processes to align with unique requirements and industry standards. |
5. | How secure is the data in the ERP finance module?⭐️ | The ERP finance module employs robust security measures, including data encryption, role-based access controls, user authentication, and regular backups, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of financial data. |
6. | Can the ERP finance module scale with the growth of the business?⭐️ | Absolutely! The ERP finance module is designed to accommodate the evolving needs of businesses, providing scalability for both small organizations and large enterprises, helping them adapt to changing financial requirements as they grow. |
Conclusion: Unlock the Power of ERP Finance Module for Financial Excellence
Thank you once again for delving into the world of ERP finance modules. By implementing this powerful tool, you can revolutionize your financial operations, streamline processes, and gain unparalleled insights into your organization’s financial health. The ERP finance module empowers businesses to enhance decision-making, ensure compliance, and improve overall financial performance. Stay ahead of the competition and embrace the future of finance with the transformative capabilities of an ERP finance module. We look forward to welcoming you back for more enlightening articles in the future. Until next time! | <urn:uuid:d768f74b-9c2f-427d-9c05-2a52e16aed01> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://erp.shyandthefight.net/erp-finance-module | 2024-04-19T12:31:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.890653 | 2,969 |
Exploring The Effects Of Heat and Drought on Conifer Trees: From Semi-Arid Woodlands to Coast Redwoods
Periods of low precipitation and increasing atmospheric temperature are having adverse effects on tree and forest growth and survival in part via limitations upon photosynthesis. Understanding how different species and plant functional types will physiologically respond to the combination of drought and heat is therefore critical for modeling and predicting the fate of trees and forests under future climate conditions. In addition, climate is changing at a faster pace than the slow natural adjustment rates of most species to their rapidly shifting habitat conditions, especially for long-lived tree species, which poses a major challenge for management, conservation, and preservation strategies and policies. Therefore the current traditional conservation/preservation methods, such as providing migration corridors and increasing suitable habitat at range margins will need to be supplemented with a more direct, innovative, and adaptive approach. One such approach is that of managed migration, which is the intentional translocation of species outside their current habitat in order to reduce anticipated loss of biodiversity caused by climate change related stress. This dissertation addresses these problems through the experimental examination of heat, drought, and the combination of heat and drought on two conifer species that have differing drought tolerances, which can serve as global models for a range of physiological mechanisms to deal with water and heat stress, as well as a social science investigation into the preservation of an iconic conifer tree, the coast redwood into Oregon via managed migration. | <urn:uuid:f1cbc38c-3cc4-45b6-8624-7ee51ead4772> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jz0b1vj | 2024-04-19T12:04:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.937968 | 296 |
Brunei children's understanding of science: the influence of change in language of instruction on conceptual development
Show full item recordSchool
In 1987, as a matter of utmost urgency and importance, Negara Brunei Darussalam called for a new system of education that emphasized nationalistic commitment: “Languages for Bruneians”. With the era of globalization, the Brunei Ministry of education argued that new patterns of communication were necessary and implemented a bilingual policy where children are taught in Malay until the fourth year of primary school when the medium of instruction changes to English. While the new policy supports Bruneians’ proficiency in two languages, rumour has been magnified through recent established research findings that a large percentage of pupils are underachieving in science. The main focus of this study is the effect of language transfer, from Malay to English as the medium of instruction, on the development of children’s conceptual understanding in science. Two clusters of science concepts, evaporation and condensation and living and non-living, provide the science context through which children’s understanding is explored. The theoretical framework that includes viewing and examining children’s conceptual understanding from conceptual development and epistemological and ontological perspectives of conceptual change informs the analysis of this study. The research design employed a cross sectional case study method involving the administration of interviews to a total of 255 children aged between 6 and 12 years of age. The interviews about the concepts of evaporation and condensation involved two phases. For the first phase, 60 children from each primary level of 1, 3 and 4 (total n = 180) were interviewed. Fourteen months later, 18 children from the same sample were selected based on their fluency in the first interviews and revisited for more detailed interviews.For the concepts of living and non-living, 75 children were chosen from a wider range of primary levels, fifteen from each level of Primary 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Each participant in this study was asked 2 types of questions; forced-response and semi-structured. For the forced-response questions, scores were entered into the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software based on a 5- point scale. For the semi-structured questions, analysis involved initial grouping of responses before entry into the software and quantitative manipulation. The data from the semi-structured interviews also were analysed qualitatively with systematic searches for themes and evidence that supported and disconfirmed the quantitative results. As this study produced qualitative as well as quantitative data, rigour was determined by two sets of parallel criteria. Ensuring rigour for the quantitative data involved the criteria of validity and reliability. Within the qualitative paradigm, the criteria that evolved in response to the quality of the research were credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. The results indicated a steady progress of conceptual understanding when the pupils’ explanations about the concepts of evaporation and condensation were in Malay. However, the pattern of development of understanding did not reach projected patterns i n Primary 4 when only English responses were analysed. The findings show that the change in language of instruction significantly hampered communication about and possibly conceptual understanding of the cluster of concepts associated with evaporation and condensation.Similarly, the findings about children’s conceptual understanding of living and non-living suggested that the expected patterns of development were not realised. Closer qualitative inspection of the data revealed that the idiosyncratic nature of the bilingual system perpetuated particular misconceptions specifically related to the nature of the Malay and English languages in both clusters of concepts. The primary conclusion of the study was that the change in language of instruction from Malay to English in Brunei primary schools had a significant, detrimental impact on the children’s expressed understanding of the concepts associated with evaporation and condensation and living and non-living.
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
When a Bilingual Child Describes Living Things: An Analysis of Conceptual Understandings from a Language Perspective.Salleh, R.; Venville, G.; Treagust, David (2007)With increasing numbers of students learning science through a second language in many school contexts, there is a need for research to focus on the impact language has on students’ understanding of science concepts. Like ...
McLellan, James A. H. (2005)This is a study of language choice and language alternation patterns in a corpus of messages posted on two Brunei Darussalam on-line discussion forums. It aims to break new ground by investigating Malay-English language ...
Bridson, David J. (2002)The goals of this study were to research the learning difficulties among a group of four pre-university introductory calculus students who were mainly international students studying English as a Second Language (M). The ... | <urn:uuid:a3442e8e-e556-4605-8c0e-f2613d5ecd86> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/67 | 2024-04-19T11:21:40Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.947522 | 989 |
Airbnb and Bitcoin: Exploring the Possibilities
In an era where the digital economy is blurring the lines between traditional transactions and innovative, decentralized exchanges, the potential integration of Bitcoin with Airbnb represents a fascinating frontier in the sharing economy. This article delves into the heart of how blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies could revolutionize not just how we rent and lease properties but also how we perceive trust, security, and efficiency in financial transactions. From exploring the symbiotic relationship between digital currencies and short-term rentals, to navigating the complex maze of regulatory challenges, and peering into the tantalizing possibilities of a future where Airbnb adopts Bitcoin, we embark on a comprehensive journey that promises to challenge your assumptions and ignite your imagination about the boundless opportunities at the intersection of these dynamic sectors.
Evolution of Transactions in the Sharing Economy
The emergence of the sharing economy marked a transformative era in how individuals rent and lease properties, pivoting away from traditional models to peer-to-peer exchanges. At the forefront of this movement is Airbnb, which leveraged technology to connect property owners with travelers looking for short-term accommodations. This innovation not only expanded lodging options beyond conventional hotels but also democratized access to rental income for property owners worldwide. However, the cornerstone of these interactions is the seamless and secure execution of transactions, a challenge addressed through advancements in blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. These technologies promise a foundation for secure, transparent, and efficient transactions by decentralizing the ledger and eliminating the need for intermediaries.
Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology are intrinsically linked, with the latter serving as the foundational infrastructure for digital currencies like Bitcoin. Blockchain's appeal lies in its ability to create a tamper-evident, chronological ledger of transactions that is accessible across a distributed network of computers. This ensures not only the security of each transaction but also enhances transparency among participants. The utilization of Bitcoin and similar cryptocurrencies introduces a novel approach to facilitating payments in the sharing economy, especially within platforms like Airbnb. These digital currencies enable direct transactions between parties, mitigating risks of fraud, reducing transaction fees, and streamlining the payment process across international borders.
The potential integration of Bitcoin into Airbnb’s platform could revolutionize the way payments are executed within the sharing economy, fostering an environment of trust among users. Trust is paramount in peer-to-peer transactions, and the immutable nature of blockchain technology can significantly bolster confidence among participants. By embedding such technology into its payment system, Airbnb can ensure that every transaction is securely recorded and easily verifiable, thereby safeguarding against disputes and enhancing user satisfaction. Moreover, the adoption of cryptocurrencies could expedite payments, cater to a global user base by simplifying currency conversion, and reduce operational costs. These technological advancements not only promise to elevate the user experience by providing a more secure and efficient payment mechanism but also cement the role of platforms like Airbnb in pioneering the future of economic sharing.
The Synergy between Cryptocurrency and Short-term Rentals
Cryptocurrencies, most notably Bitcoin, present an intriguing opportunity for platforms like Airbnb to overcome some of the most pervasive challenges within the short-term rental market. By adopting cryptocurrencies, short-term rental platforms can significantly reduce the fees associated with transactions. Traditional payment methods often involve various intermediaries, each taking a cut, which can inflate the overall cost of transactions. The decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies eliminates the need for these intermediaries, cutting down on fees. Furthermore, cryptocurrencies operate on a global scale without the need for currency exchanges, removing barriers and simplifying transactions for international travelers. This can broaden the market reach for property listings and make transactions more straightforward and potentially more attractive for users around the world.
However, the transition to cryptocurrencies is not without its drawbacks. The highly volatile nature of digital currencies can introduce risks for both property owners and renters. Prices can fluctuate wildly in short periods, potentially impacting the actual value received by the host or paid by the guest. Additionally, the current lack of widespread understanding and acceptance of cryptocurrencies among the general population might slow adoption and trust in this new form of payment, especially among less tech-savvy individuals who are accustomed to traditional banking systems.
Despite these challenges, the transparency and security provided by blockchain technology, which underpins cryptocurrencies, offer compelling advantages. Every transaction is recorded on a public ledger, providing a clear and immutable record that can significantly reduce the likelihood of fraud and disputes. This transparency can foster an environment of trust within the short-term rental ecosystem, arguably more so than with traditional payment methods. In summary, while there are hurdles to overcome, the potential benefits of integrating cryptocurrencies into platforms like Airbnb—such as reduced fees, easing of international payment barriers, and enhanced transaction transparency—could well outweigh the drawbacks, heralding a new era of efficiency and trust in short-term rentals.
Regulatory and Adoption Hurdles
The integration of Bitcoin into platforms like Airbnb presents a complex set of regulatory and legal challenges that cannot be overlooked. Governments around the world have adopted divergent stances on cryptocurrencies, with some embracing the technology and others imposing strict regulations or outright bans. This inconsistent regulatory environment complicates the potential for a seamless integration of Bitcoin payments into the Airbnb ecosystem. Current regulations in many jurisdictions are not designed to accommodate the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies, often leading to a legal gray area for transactions. Moreover, the lack of clear tax guidelines for cryptocurrency transactions could stifle the growth of Bitcoin as a payment method on short-term rental platforms. The adaptation of existing laws and the creation of new, crypto-friendly regulations are essential steps in overcoming these hurdles.
Another significant barrier to the harmonious integration of Airbnb and Bitcoin is the societal skepticism towards cryptocurrencies. Despite the growing popularity, a sizeable portion of the public remains wary about the security, stability, and value of digital currencies. This skepticism is fueled by past incidents of high-profile hacks and the volatile nature of cryptocurrency markets. To foster greater adoption, both sectors must embark on educational initiatives aimed at demystifying cryptocurrencies and highlighting their benefits over traditional payment methods. Furthermore, they need to demonstrate solid security measures in place to protect users' funds, building trust and confidence among potential users.
The adoption of cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, within platforms like Airbnb also hinges on addressing technological challenges. Ensuring seamless and secure transactions, integrating cryptocurrency wallets with user interfaces that are intuitive for all demographics, and providing reliable customer support for crypto-related issues are crucial. Both industries must collaborate closely to create a user experience that mitigates the inherent complexities of blockchain technology for the average consumer. As such, overcoming the regulatory, societal, and technological hurdles is a collective effort that requires patience, innovation, and a commitment to fostering an environment where cryptocurrencies can flourish alongside traditional currencies on global platforms like Airbnb.
The Future Landscape: Airbnb and Bitcoin
In the future landscape where Airbnb embraces Bitcoin for payments, the global tourism industry could witness a significant transformation. This integration would not only streamline the process of booking accommodations worldwide but also enhance the financial inclusivity for hosts and travelers alike. By allowing payments in Bitcoin, Airbnb could tap into a new segment of digital-native customers who prefer cryptocurrencies over traditional currencies for their lower transaction costs and increased privacy. Furthermore, local economies could benefit as hosts in regions with less access to banking facilities or in countries facing currency instability could more easily and securely receive earnings, thus potentially boosting the number of listings and diversifying the choices for travelers.
As Bitcoin continues to mature and gain wider acceptance, this move could also encourage a broader shift towards digital currencies in the financial market. The adoption of Bitcoin by a mainstream platform like Airbnb could serve as a catalyst for other industries to explore similar integrations, leading to an increased velocity of cryptocurrency circulation within the global economy. This, in turn, could prompt more sophisticated financial products and services built around cryptocurrencies, enhancing their utility and stability. Moreover, the blend of blockchain's transparency with Airbnb's marketplace could set new standards for trust and security in online transactions, potentially reducing fraud and enhancing user confidence across platforms.
However, the integration of Bitcoin into Airbnb's payment system would not be without its challenges. Volatility in Bitcoin’s value could introduce complexities in pricing and refunds, requiring innovative technological solutions to mitigate such risks. Additionally, this transition would necessitate Airbnb to navigate an evolving regulatory landscape, balancing innovation with compliance across different jurisdictions. Despite these hurdles, the prospect of Airbnb accepting Bitcoin promises a more inclusive, efficient, and secure future for global tourism, heralding a new era where technology further bridges gaps between cultures and economies.
This article explores the potential integration of Bitcoin into Airbnb's platform and how it could revolutionize the sharing economy. The article highlights the benefits of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology in facilitating secure and efficient transactions, reducing fees and barriers for international travelers. It also discusses the challenges of regulatory compliance and societal skepticism towards cryptocurrencies, emphasizing the need for education and trust-building initiatives. Despite these hurdles, the adoption of Bitcoin by Airbnb could transform the global tourism industry, enhance financial inclusivity, and drive broader acceptance of digital currencies in the financial market. | <urn:uuid:9ae8fa33-7787-48ad-b673-1386db76f1da> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://estimated.pro/blog/cryptocurrencies/airbnb-and-bitcoin-exploring-the-possibilities | 2024-04-19T13:01:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.92108 | 1,835 |
We champion stories and lead an array of impact work to produce positive change across society.
Our stories help bridge gaps in communication between different groups and disciplines.
Help us share new ideas to better shape our time here.
The true story of one person’s quest to understand decades of fire cancer.
A documentary and public service announcement for the entire Fire Service.
We tend to prioritize a few very large projects each year and several smaller projects on a regular basis. We are equipped for nearly any media needs, from podcasts to films.
We can film, produce, and edit just about anything you need - or any combination of these.
We are excited to help you finish your story. Special effects? Media restoration? We've got you.
Our passionate team is proudly based in Hillsborough, NC.
We produce and share media across all audio-visual arts.
Our specialty is sharing stories for real world change.
Upon discovering their hometown had been poisoned for decades, a chemistry student turns to filmmaking to address this contamination for the world. Exposing a chemical problem birthed from the Manhattan Project, this young scientist shows us that the tools to solve it are right within our grasp. | <urn:uuid:e8464267-2f4c-47af-bf61-41d2c33d1ec5> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://etherealfilms.org/ | 2024-04-19T11:10:51Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.955156 | 245 |
Do you know how to play quarterback in basketball? Many people don’t and that’s why I’m writing this post. Today, I’ll be going over the basics of playing quarterback in basketball so you can start dominating on the court. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced player, these tips will help you take your game to the next level.
What do Michael Vick, Cam Newton and Tim Tebow all have in common? They’re all successful quarterbacks in football. But what does that have to do with basketball? Well, believe it or not, there are some skills that translate from one sport to another. And today, I’m going to teach you those skills. Do you want to be a better basketball player? Of course you do! Well, one of the best ways to improve your game is to work on your quarterback skills. Here are some tips to help you become a better quarterback.
How many quarters in basketball
In basketball, the game is played by two teams of five players. The aim of the game is to shoot the ball through a hoop elevated six feet off the ground at each end of the playing court, with the team scoring the most points winning the game. A point is scored when a player shoots from within the three-point arc and makes it through the hoop. There are several ways to score in basketball, but one of the most common ways to score is by shooting a layup.
To do this, a player runs towards the basket, jumps up, and puts the ball into the basket with one hand. Another common way to score is by dunking or throwing down a powerful shot over an opponent’s head. This move is very difficult to stop and results in two points if successful. Finally, free throws can also be used as a way to score points. These are shots taken from behind the free throw line that result in one point if made. Players can also earn bonus points for making baskets from long range or stealing passes from opponents.
Learn the basic quarterback skills – passing, catching, and throwing
The first and foremost thing you need to do is learn the basic quarterback skills. This includes passing, catching, and throwing. These are the three most important things you need to know in order to be a successful quarterback.
You need to be able to pass the ball accurately to your teammates so they can score. You also need to be able to catch the ball when it’s thrown to you. And finally, you need to be able to throw the ball accurately and with power. If you can master these three things, you’ll be well on your way to becoming a successful quarterback.
Pay attention to the other players on the court and anticipate their movements
The game is won or lost depending on how well you work as a team. You need to be aware of the other players on the court and anticipate their movements. If you’re too focused on yourself, you’ll lose track of what’s happening around you and your opponents will take advantage. So pay attention to your teammates and learn to read the other players’ body language. That way, you’ll be able to anticipate their next move and keep them from scoring.
It’s not just about scoring points. You also need to be aware of the other players on the court and anticipate their movements in order to be successful. For example, if you’re guarding someone and they suddenly cut towards the hoop, you’ll need to react quickly to block their shot or make a steal. If you’re playing as part of a team, you’ll also need to work together to create openings for your teammates. So don’t forget to focus on the other players when you’re playing basketball – it can make all the difference! | <urn:uuid:c6d91454-f1b7-4bc8-a60b-2d943a0919a7> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://etruesports.com/2022/08/13/quarterback-tips-for-basketball/ | 2024-04-19T11:54:49Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.972494 | 794 |
Planning to take a break from your daily routine and enjoy quality time with your family or friends? It’s time to discover various destinations within the country, explore new places, and participate in fun activities.
We compiled a list of the most popular British destinations based on where our guests mostly travel, which we hope can give you ideas for exciting things to do in London and beyond!
You may kick off your visit to Britain with a visit to the gorgeous and vibrant city of London. Our exceptional London tours are the perfect way to explore its streets, architecture, famous attractions and iconic landmarks such as the London Eye, the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, and so much more.
Join us as our expert guides will bring the history behind some of London’s most incredible sights to life, even the secrets of the London Underground!
Embarking on The Harry Potter Studio Tour is perhaps the best way to get to know Harry and the gang (though not in person). During the tour, you’ll see numerous sets that are featured in the films, such as Hagrid’s hut, Dumbledore’s office, the Great Hall and more. This is undoubtedly one of London’s best Harry Potter experiences for true Potterheads! But you can also discover the most famous Harry Potter locations in our dedicated London walking tour.
However, you may want to wander a little further and try our newest small group experience to Lacock and Gloucester in the Cotswolds in the heart of the British countryside. In this tour, our wizard expert will take you to some of the most popular locations where you’ll recognise key scenes from the Harry Potter movie series.
Brigit’s Traditional Afternoon Tea Experience
In the heart of Central London, try this family activity, the famous Brigit’s afternoon tea on a vintage double-decker bus, for the best views of London! Made in a local bakery, the cakes and scones will brighten your day.
Part of London’s top attractions, Madame Tussauds will please everyone. With lifelike waxwork replicas of more than 150 celebrities and historical icons, wander around the various galleries, strike a pose with Hollywood’s hottest celebrities, challenge your favourite sports idols or sit with British royalty.
Be ready for fun thrills on the River Thames, James Bond style! The ‘Ultimate London Adventure’ is a popular speedboat experience for anyone wanting to see London’s famous sights with all the added thrills and spills.
Just a few miles outside Salisbury, Stonehenge is the world’s most recognisable Neolithic monument and one of its best-preserved. The iconic site at Stonehenge is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
On your trip, you’ll be able to uncover the mystery behind its construction to understand who built it, how it was constructed, and why.
Windsor and Windsor Castle
Founded by William the Conqueror around 1070, Windsor Castle is an official residence of His Majesty The King and the ancestral home of the British monarchy. It has been the home of 39 monarchs and hosted key royal weddings, like Meghan Markle and Prince Harry in 2018.
In this experience, which you can combine with other destinations, discover the world’s oldest and largest occupied castle and the rooms used by members of the royal family inside the fabulous State Apartments.
Whether you visit Warwick Castle individually or add Stratford-upon-Avon and Oxford to your tour, discover 1,100 years at one of England’s finest medieval castles at your own pace.
Admire the beauty of the Rose & Peacock Gardens and watch a live display of jousting or archery. We also compiled a guide to some of the famous castles to discover in the UK.
Bath is another jewel of British history for everyone looking to discover something truly special. This UNESCO World Heritage city is a treasure trove of culture and heritage, with a burgeoning literary significance that rivals any other.
In our Bath tours, you’ll see the streets that were once familiar to Jane Austen and Mary Shelley, drink champagne on the lawn in front of the stunning Royal Crescent, and, of course, see the world-famous Roman Baths in all their ancient glory.
Home to the prestigious University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world, Oxford’s history has given rise to a unique architectural landscape that features fine examples of architecture from every period in English history going as far back as Saxon times.
Edinburgh and Scotland
We offer the possibility to visit one of the most memorable and unique cities in all of Europe, Edinburgh.
With incredible history around every corner, experience the magic of Edinburgh before heading off to experience the wild, untamed beauty of the Scottish Highlands, home of dramatic scenery and the Loch Ness Monster!
If you stay in London long enough, you can also explore Paris in one day, thanks to an easy Eurostar train trip! Discover the French capital, its fantastic food, incredible culture and world-famous attractions, and more.
Whether you want to be shown around by an expert or prefer to plan your own sightseeing schedule, there is a Paris tour to suit everyone.
You’ll fall in love with the Cotswolds, these typical English market towns hidden among the British countryside and stunning scenery. Covering almost 800 square miles and no fewer than five English counties, the Cotswolds are the single largest designated ‘Area of Natural Beauty in the UK’.
Whether you head to the Cotswolds only or couple it with a tour of Blenheim Palace, you’ll surely enjoy one of the most beautiful areas in the UK!
Leeds Castle, Canterbury and Dover
Have you ever been to the county of Kent? Also known as the ‘Garden of England’ with its lush rolling green hills, this tour is a relaxing one to try. Our combined day trip takes you to Leeds Castle, Canterbury Cathedral and the spectacular White Cliffs of Dover.
Other fantastic things to do
If there’s one thing you should tick off of your bucket list, it’s a delicious afternoon tea experience. The afternoon tea tradition originally started in the 19th century as a custom enjoyed by the elite of British society, but it is now firmly established as a great British tradition that everyone can enjoy.
Immerse yourself in a typically British experience and indulge in afternoon tea at some of the finest establishments in London.
Feeling like seeing something truly extraordinary? ABBA Voyage is the long-awaited concert from one of the biggest pop acts of all time, featuring a setlist of ABBA’s biggest, most popular hits – each handpicked with great care by the band.
With 150 million records sold worldwide, the Swedish band ABBA is one of the UK’s favourites of all time.
Shopping at Bicester Village
Into shopping and fashion? Located in Oxfordshire, less than 1 hour from London, Bicester Village is the ultimate shopping destination, with more than 160 fashion and lifestyle boutiques.
Find everything at more affordable prices from Alexander McQueen, Armani, Coach, Fendi, Givenchy, Mulberry, and more. Back in London, you can continue your shopping experience in the capital’s exciting shopping streets!
We hope this selection inspires you to choose a destination on your next trip to Britain! Whatever your choice, our sightseeing tours are the perfect opportunity to take a break and explore the beauty and diversity of Britain and beyond. | <urn:uuid:81840cbf-9e86-44ab-beeb-3c7d9c1539c1> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://evanevanstours.com/blog/16-exciting-things-to-do-in-london-and-beyond/ | 2024-04-19T11:36:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.92248 | 1,580 |
Let’s start this article with good news: it is in fact very easy to get in touch with a publisher.
The trailer music industry is quite a new thing. A relatively small number of people has ever heard of it before, but slowly and steadily more and more music producers seem to draw their attention to it.
Not only does it pay fairly well (it can be $5000 – $8000 for a TV-spot), but it’s also a lot of fun!
Besides that, there is not as much competition out there as there is in the video game- or film music industry. It is totally possible for you to become a successful trailer music composer provided that you are willing to learn.
Publishers that don’t clearly limit their team to a specific number of composers are always happy to work with new and talented people. There are several ways to heighten your chances of being perceived as a professional.
The following 4 tips has helped plenty of my colleagues and myself to get our music successfully distributed to music supervisors of big trailer houses.
Let’s check them out!
#1. Get feedback first
This point is rather important: before you start getting in touch with a publisher you should make sure that you are good enough! There is only one first impression and you want it to be as good as possible, don’t you?
If you have doubts whether you’re good to go or not, make sure to ask other music producers (ideally from the trailer music industry) for feedback. What do they think about the arrangement of your tracks? How do they like your mixdowns?
Ask them to be as honest as possible so that you can learn from their feedback. Also make sure to compare the sound of your track to already successfully licensed trailer cues. You can find several of those on a Youtube channel called Trailer Music Weekly. This particular channel focuses on primarily uploading recently placed trailer cues from all kind of big blockbuster trailer ads – invaluable source for learning what trends these days as well.
Once you’re pretty confident about your production skills and have gotten additional validation by other music producers, you can start contacting one or more publishers.
#2. Create a convincing trailer music portfolio
There’s a subtle but very effective method that will help you to leave a more positive and professional first impression whenever contacting a trailer music production company. I am talking about creating a solid trailer music portfolio.
This means that you should avoid sending a huge portfolio showcasing all the tracks you have ever created so far. Only send the relevant trailer music tracks you have made that will show the publisher whether you are a music producer they want to invest their time and money into or not.
By doing that you show the publisher that you definitely care about making them happy as your future business partner by providing them exactly what they need. This is a simple, but crucial approach that helps a lot to improve your first impression.
#3. Do your research
There’s an easy trick that will not only increase the chances to get a response from the publisher but also increase your networking skills in general. Owning my own trailer music production company, I can tell you that many composers who want to work with us are sending us texts like the following one:
“Hey there, check out my music. Tell me what you think.”
There are also messages like the following:
“Hey Chris/Kevin. Pleasure to meet you! I have heard about End Of Silence from a good friend of mine. I really liked the music in the trailer for X and Y which is why I decided to get in touch with you. Maybe I could offer my services to help your company? Here is a link to my portfolio. It would mean a lot to me if you check it out. Thanks for taking your time!
So what do you think? Which person would I prefer from this first impression without even hearing the music? Right, the second one.
It’s an investment of a few minutes to leave a real nice and professional impression. Try to figure out the name of the owner(s) of the publisher if you can and address them by their name. This shows you did your research and it’s not just another non personal “copy-paste” message.
Add an honest compliment, but not just something you just say to improve your chances, on what you like about the company. Be honest. Did you hear good things about their working atmosphere? Mention it! Did you really like the music they come up with? Mention it.
It only takes a few minutes of your time doing these things and I promise that this will give you a lot of bonus points from the recipient.
#4. Be persistent
It could happen that publisher X or Y don’t reply to you. In that case, try other contacting methods such as email, social media or even try calling the company. If you don’t get a response within a couple of weeks, send a friendly follow up. Do everything that is possible for you, as long as you haven’t heard a definite “Yes” or “No”. Many people give up way too quickly. Don’t be one of them! Persistence is one of the key characteristics one must have to become a winner.
In case a publisher rejected your application, don’t be discouraged. There are plenty of successful publishers out there. If they see potential in your productions, they will be happy to give you a chance writing for an upcoming album. Just try writing a cue. In case they feel it has no potential at all, and trust me on this, they will tell you fair and square.
Usually – once you’ve gotten accepted as a composer for a publisher, the supervisor of that publishing company will tell you what to do in order to improve the production or composition, provided that he or she sees good potential in your cue.
This is a great way to become better at writing trailer music as well. If many publishers rejected your application and even told you that you are not good enough, you should focus on becoming better until you simply give it another try.
I hope this article was helpful, and I wish you good luck in contacting publishers! | <urn:uuid:cd2c9f3a-54b4-49a2-84ec-dcc7393dd9bb> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://evenant.com/4-tips-for-contacting-trailer-music-publishers/ | 2024-04-19T11:54:30Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.971106 | 1,302 |
Bonjour from Nice, France. I arrived yesterday with my family (all 7 of us!) via train from Milan. It was a long trip and we had a few delays which made the 5 hr train trip closer to 6. I think we were all happy to get some fresh air on the water. We explored a bit and made ice cream a destination for the kids. We will be using Nice as a hub to explore the South of France. I have been twice before but the rest of my family hasn’t seen the South of France so it will be fun to explore with them. We are deciding between Menton and Monaco for one of our travel days. If anyone has any tips or suggestions, I am open. I promise to share everything on the blog in a future post.
Paris now has a new Metro Card. I will miss the old tickets but this seems like a much easier system. I will report back how it goes when I am in Paris next week.
I am a big fan of bodysuits in Winter and Summer. I just purchased this one from ShopBop. My first order. Since they are connected to Amazon, there is FREE two day shipping since I have Prime. I wish I brought this on my trip but it will be waiting for me for when I get home. Perfect for jeans and skirts this Summer.
Six Early Dating Mistakes. Are you making any of these?
Hotel du Louvre just reopened after a renovation. I can’t wait to explore the hotel and check out the bar and restaurant just a few minutes walk from the Louvre and Palais Royal.
This post does include affiliate links which help contribute to my coffee and croissant research. Merci! | <urn:uuid:b75438c5-aa6c-4394-8ffd-703667a423c9> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://everydayparisian.com/2019-links-i-love-week-24/ | 2024-04-19T12:19:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.967992 | 355 |
We Stop the Flow of
African-Americans to Prison
Our vision is to participate in creating a more sane, humane and safe world where color and class discrimination cease to contaminate justice and its resources and punishment as the answer to criminal activity is replaced by atonement, reconciliation, restorative justice and secured mental health treatment.
As a Christian organization that serves people of all faiths or no faith at all our mission is to Stop the Flow of African-Americans to Prison through the one-on-one therapeutic friendships and support groups of the Red Sea Crossings Mentoring program.
About the founder
Rev. Dr. Madeline McClenney-Sadler was recognized by the Center for American Progress as “1 in 15 Faith Leaders to Watch in 2015.” Read more
24hr Reentry Mentoring
This self-help program specializes in providing you with a culturally
competent mentor who will be available to you 24 hours a day.
Since 2008, 90% of our mentees have remained out of jail or prison.
We are here for you as you prepare to go back into the community. If you are already out and seeking support call us.
Learn more about what we offer.
Houses of Worship Served Across Racial Lines with Non-Partisan Love for All
If we don’t advocate for returning citizens on the ground and on the hill, systemic reform
will take over 80 years at this rate and our families can’t wait that long.
Dr. Madeline, President/Founder
Exodus Foundation is in my opinion a “immense” opportunity to start from nothing and rebuild your foundation. That will change your destination on your journey in life and lead you to fulfill your destiny along the way.
Exodus mentors helped me to make and achieve goals. By setting the bar, reaching it and surpassing it I will soon have the American Dream. Without the help of my Exodus Mentors I would be lost and searching for a purpose.
Rev. Dr. McClenney commissions new mentors with Pastor Jerry Cannon at C.N. Jenkins Memorial Presbyterian Church.
Exodus Annual Mentors In Training
With 2.3 million members of our society currently in jail or in prison, a crisis unprecedented in the history of the civilized world is unfolding, and few people in power are paying attention. But as the end of President Obama’s term in office approaches, the... | <urn:uuid:c1267577-3b79-4fae-99db-90c54b8046e2> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://exodusfoundation.org/ | 2024-04-19T12:42:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.945927 | 501 |
The burgeoning field of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly advanced the understanding and interpretation of human non verbal communication, offering unprecedented insights into the complex dynamics of human emotions. This study leverages state-of-the-art AI methodologies, drawing upon a comprehensive dataset derived from seminal research in emotion recognition through facial expressions and body language. Incorporating findings from “The role of facial movements in emotion recognition” (Nature Reviews Psychology, 2016) and “Detection of Genuine and Posed Facial Expressions of Emotion: Databases and Methods” (Frontiers in Psychology, 2021), among others, we developed an AI model capable of discerning nuanced human emotions including happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise, anger and complex states such as frustration and deceit, with enhanced accuracy. Through machine learning algorithms and neural network architectures, our AI system not only recognizes basic emotional expressions but also interprets subtle variations in body posture and facial expressions, facilitated by thermal imaging to gauge physiological responses indicative of stress or deceit. This paper details the development process of the AI model, its training, the technology’s theoretical underpinnings, and its potential applications across various sectors including security, healthcare, and customer service. We underscore the ethical considerations in deploying AI for emotional recognition and propose guidelines for future research and application.
To achieve a nuanced understanding of human emotions, our AI model was trained on a comprehensive array of datasets that included visual data of facial expressions and body language, as well as thermal images capturing physiological responses. This approach was grounded in the theory that combining visual cues with physiological data would offer a more holistic and accurate interpretation of human emotions. Notably, the research of Krumhuber & Skora (2016), Dobs et al. (2018), and Jia et al. (2021) played a foundational role in shaping our dataset, providing insights into the dynamics of facial expressions and the significance of both genuine and posed emotional expressions.
The machine learning algorithms employed in this study were designed to decipher complex patterns within the data, learning to differentiate between subtle variations in facial expressions associated with a wide spectrum of emotions, including but not limited to, happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. The AI’s learning process was significantly enhanced by incorporating thermal imaging data, which offered unique insights into physiological states, such as stress levels indicated by variations in skin temperature. This methodology was inspired by studies that highlighted the role of cortisol levels, detectable through thermal imaging, in indicating psychological stress and emotional states.
A critical component of our AI’s training involved the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for facial recognition tasks, paired with recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to interpret sequential data and temporal patterns in body language and facial expressions. This combination proved to be highly effective in capturing the dynamic nature of human emotional expressions. Furthermore, the introduction of infrared thermal imaging added a new dimension to our analysis, allowing the AI to perceive beyond visible light and interpret physiological signs of emotional states.
One of the pivotal challenges we addressed was the differentiation between genuine and posed emotions. Leveraging the insights from the referenced studies, our AI model was trained to detect nuances in facial muscle movements and physiological responses that distinguish authentic emotional expressions from those that are simulated. This involved analyzing the activation patterns of specific facial muscles, as identified in the research by Ekman and others, and correlating these patterns with thermal variations that reflect underlying physiological processes.
To enhance the AI’s accuracy and reliability, we also incorporated feedback loops within the learning algorithm, enabling the system to continuously refine its interpretations based on new data and corrected errors. This approach ensured that the AI’s capability to understand and interpret human emotions evolved over time, becoming increasingly sophisticated and nuanced.
The complexity of the algorithm developed for our AI to understand human emotions extends far beyond simple pattern recognition. To accurately interpret the myriad subtleties of human expression, the AI was trained on a vast and diverse dataset that encompassed a wide range of emotions, capturing variations across different ethnicities, cultures, and individual idiosyncrasies. This training included not only the six basic emotions identified by Ekman, happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, and surprise, but also more nuanced states such as frustration, confusion, and contentment.
One of the unique challenges in teaching AI to recognize human emotions is the contextual nature of expressions. For instance, the same facial expression might convey different emotions depending on the context, such as a smile indicating joy in one scenario and nervousness in another. To address this, the algorithm was designed to consider the context in which expressions occur, integrating environmental cues and body language to discern the underlying emotional state accurately.
An example of the algorithm’s complexity can be seen in its ability to distinguish between a person’s discomfort due to cold and sadness. Both states might lead to similar physical expressions, such as hunched shoulders or a downward gaze, but subtle differences in facial expressions and physiological responses, such as shivering detected through thermal imaging, help the AI differentiate between the two. Training the AI involved exposing it to scenarios where physical discomfort could mimic emotional expressions, teaching it to look for additional cues, like the presence of a cold environment indicated by thermal scans of the surroundings or clothing unsuitable for the temperature.
Moreover, the AI’s learning process was significantly enriched by including data from various angles and positions, ensuring that it could recognize emotions from any viewpoint. This was crucial for real-world applications where interactions with individuals do not occur in a controlled environment and the AI might only capture partial views of faces or bodies.
The AI was also trained to recognize the influence of cultural and ethnic differences on emotional expression. Research has shown that certain emotions are expressed and perceived differently across cultures, which the AI needed to account for to avoid biases and misinterpretations. This aspect of the training involved analyzing facial expressions, body language, and vocal tones across a wide demographic spectrum, enabling the AI to understand the universal aspects of emotional expression as well as culture specific nuances.
To achieve this level of understanding, the AI utilized a combination of deep learning techniques and neural network architectures tailored to process and analyze the complex, multi dimensional data involved in human emotional expression. The success of this endeavor was measured not just by the AI’s accuracy in identifying emotions, but also by its ability to adapt and learn from new, previously unseen data, ensuring its applicability across various real-world scenarios.
This comprehensive approach to training has equipped the AI with a profound understanding of human emotions, enabling it to operate effectively across diverse situations and populations, making it a valuable tool for applications ranging from healthcare and therapy to customer service and interpersonal communication.
The results of this investigation into the AI’s capability to interpret human emotions across different ethnicities and cultures, with a focus on anger, revealed a remarkable accuracy rate. In a controlled study group comprising 20 individuals from diverse backgrounds, the AI achieved a detection accuracy of 99% for anger. This high success rate underscores the effectiveness of the algorithm in recognizing anger across a wide range of facial expressions and physiological signals.
However, the study also uncovered complexities in accurately interpreting emotions such as sadness and potential violence. For sadness, the AI faced challenges in distinguishing between subtle variations in expression that differentiate sadness from other emotions, such as melancholy or contemplation. The nuanced nature of sadness, often conveyed through slight facial movements or even stillness, required further refinement of the algorithm to improve detection accuracy.
In the case of potential violence, a significant challenge was the interpretation of aggressive body language and facial expressions, which can be similar to expressions of frustration or intense focus. This ambiguity posed a unique challenge, necessitating a deeper analysis of context and additional physiological cues, such as changes in body temperature or heart rate, to accurately assess the likelihood of violent intent.
The study also revealed interesting findings regarding the impact of cultural differences on emotion recognition. For instance, expressions of anger were more accurately recognized in individuals from cultures with expressive communication styles, compared to those from cultures that value restraint and subtlety in emotional expression. This variation highlighted the importance of cultural sensitivity in the AI’s learning process and the need for a culturally diverse dataset for training.
To address these challenges, further adjustments were made to the AI’s training regimen, incorporating a broader range of emotional expressions and contexts, as well as enhanced physiological data analysis. These adjustments aimed to fine-tune the AI’s ability to discern subtle emotional cues and contextual factors, improving its overall performance and reliability.
the AI’s capacity to discern human emotions, it’s notable how the system was adept at identifying individuals attempting to simulate expressions. This facet of the research provided a fascinating glimpse into the AI’s sophistication in pattern recognition and its potential implications for various fields, such as security, psychology, and interpersonal communication.
For instance, in scenarios designed to test the AI’s ability to distinguish between genuine and simulated expressions of fear, participants were shown a series of images intended to elicit a genuine fear response. Subsequently, they were asked to mimic the fear expression they had just experienced. The AI was able to differentiate between the genuine and simulated fear expressions with an 87% accuracy rate. It achieved this by analyzing subtle discrepancies in facial muscle activations and physiological responses, such as slight variations in skin temperature and heart rate, which are more pronounced during genuine emotional experiences.
Another example involved the detection of simulated happiness in a social setting. Participants were asked to recall and genuinely express a joyful memory, followed by a request to simulate happiness. The AI distinguished genuine from simulated happiness with a 92% accuracy rate, leveraging data on the symmetry of smiles, the involvement of the eyes in genuine expressions (Duchenne marker), and slight physiological changes detectable through thermal imaging.
The AI’s success in identifying simulated expressions was further demonstrated in an exercise involving the portrayal of sadness. Participants were shown emotionally evocative film clips to elicit genuine sadness, followed by a stage where they were asked to simulate the same emotion. The AI, by closely monitoring the duration of expressions, the presence of tears (through changes in skin reflectivity and temperature around the eyes), and body language, was able to differentiate genuine sadness from simulated expressions with an accuracy of 89%.
These examples underscore the AI’s nuanced understanding of human expressions, informed by a deep analysis of physiological and behavioral patterns that accompany genuine emotional experiences. Its ability to discern the authenticity of emotional expressions offers profound applications in fields requiring nuanced emotional understanding, such as mental health assessment, where distinguishing between genuine and simulated expressions of emotion can be crucial in diagnosing and treating conditions like depression and anxiety.
Moreover, in security and law enforcement, this AI capability could enhance lie detection techniques by providing a non-invasive, accurate method of assessing suspects’ emotional states. In customer service and interpersonal communication, understanding the authenticity behind emotional expressions could improve interactions and satisfaction by tailoring responses to genuine human needs and feelings.
We delved into additional emotional expressions and the complexities involved in their recognition. Notably, the AI demonstrated a remarkable ability to discern genuine emotions from simulated expressions, showcasing its sophisticated understanding of human emotional cues.
Happiness and Euphoria
For example, in the case of happiness, the AI was tasked with distinguishing between genuine joy and feigned happiness. Through the analysis of micro expressions and subtle physiological signals, such as slight changes in eye crinkling and the symmetry of smiles, the AI achieved an accuracy rate of 97% in distinguishing genuine happiness. This was particularly challenging in scenarios where participants attempted to simulate happiness without feeling the emotion, a common occurrence in social experiments.
Fear and Anxiety
Another area of interest was the recognition of fear and anxiety, emotions that often present with similar physical expressions, including increased heart rate and perspiration detectible through thermal imaging. The AI’s ability to differentiate between these two states was significantly enhanced by incorporating contextual data, such as the individual’s environment and the presence of potential threats. In simulated scenarios, where subjects were asked to feign fear in a safe environment, the AI successfully identified 94% of these instances as simulated fear, thanks to its analysis of congruence between facial expressions, body language, and situational context.
Sorrow and Melancholy
Sorrow and melancholy posed a unique challenge due to their subdued nature and the minimal physiological signals they emit. The AI’s training included recognizing the subtlety of these emotions, such as the downward gaze and the relaxation of facial muscles. In controlled tests, the AI distinguished between sorrow and melancholy with an 89% success rate, analyzing the duration and intensity of expressions to assess the depth of the emotional state.
Detecting Simulated Emotions
A significant aspect of the study was the AI’s capacity to detect simulated emotions. Participants were instructed to mimic various emotional states, attempting to deceive the AI. Utilizing a combination of facial recognition, thermal imaging, and analysis of body language, the AI was able to detect simulated emotions with an overall accuracy of 92%. This success can be attributed to the AI’s detailed analysis of congruence between the expressed emotion and physiological responses, as well as the consistency of expressions over time.
These results illustrate the AI’s advanced ability to interpret a wide range of human emotions, even in the face of deliberate attempts to simulate or mask genuine feelings. The success in identifying simulated emotions underscores the importance of integrating diverse datasets and sophisticated algorithms capable of analyzing the intricate relationship between facial expressions, body language, and physiological responses. This comprehensive approach enables the AI to achieve a nuanced understanding of human emotions, promising significant advancements in fields ranging from mental health to security and human-computer interaction.
The results of this study illuminate the profound capabilities of artificial intelligence in discerning human emotions through non verbal cues, a testament to the intricate algorithms and diverse datasets employed. The ability of AI to differentiate between genuine and simulated emotions highlights not only technological advancements but also the potential for AI to enhance human interactions in various domains, from mental health diagnostics to customer service and beyond.
The success in accurately identifying emotions across different cultures and ethnicities underscores the importance of a diverse and inclusive approach in AI development, ensuring that these technologies are effective and equitable across global populations. Furthermore, the AI’s performance in recognizing subtle emotional expressions, such as sorrow versus melancholy, and its capacity to discern simulated emotions, showcases the nuanced understanding it has achieved.
However, challenges remain, particularly in refining the AI’s ability to interpret emotions with minimal physiological signals and in complex contexts where multiple emotional cues may overlap or contradict. These findings suggest a need for continuous improvement in the algorithms’ sophistication and the datasets’ comprehensiveness, emphasizing the dynamic nature of human emotions and the complexities of accurately interpreting them.
Data Collection and Preprocessing
The AI was trained on a vast dataset comprising thousands of video and thermal imaging samples, capturing a wide range of human emotions across various ethnicities, cultures, and scenarios. Each sample was annotated with the corresponding emotional state, verified by human experts to ensure accuracy. Data preprocessing involved normalizing the images and segmenting facial features and body language cues for detailed analysis.
The core of the AI’s capability lies in its advanced machine learning algorithms, specifically designed to process and analyze complex emotional data. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) were employed for facial recognition tasks, extracting key features from facial expressions, while Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) analyzed temporal patterns in body language and facial expressions over time. Additionally, thermal imaging data were processed to detect physiological signals indicative of emotional states, such as changes in skin temperature.
Training and Validation
The AI underwent extensive training, involving multiple rounds of learning from the annotated dataset. This process was iterative, with continuous feedback used to refine the algorithms and improve accuracy. Validation was conducted using a separate set of data not included in the training phase, ensuring that the AI’s performance was robust and reliable. Cross validation techniques were employed to assess the AI’s capability across different subsets of the data, guaranteeing its effectiveness in varied scenarios and populations.
The research presented is publicly accessible, and data can be reached upon request. However, it’s important to note that much of the research involves sensitive information, which is retained in privacy due to the decision of the participants involved. We are committed to respecting the confidentiality and privacy of our participants, and as such, specific datasets that contain personal or sensitive information are not publicly disclosed. Access to such data is granted under strict ethical guidelines and only to authorized individuals who agree to adhere to these principles.
- Krumhuber, E., & Skora, P. (2016). The role of facial movements in emotion recognition. In Nature Reviews Psychology.
- Jia, S., Wang, S., Hu, C., & Li, X. (2021). Detection of Genuine and Posed Facial Expressions of Emotion: Databases and Methods. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 580287. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.580287
- Minvaleev, R.S., Nozdrachev, A.D., Kir’ianova, V.V., & Ivanov, A.I. (2004). Postural effects on the hormone level in healthy subjects. Communication I. The cobra posture and steroid hormones. Fiziol Cheloveka.
This study was conducted in accordance with the highest ethical standards. All participants provided informed consent, and the study protocol was reviewed and approved by an institutional review board. The privacy and confidentiality of participant data have been a paramount concern throughout the research process. Any personal data was anonymized and securely stored, accessible only to the research team for the purposes of this study. The ethical considerations also extend to the treatment of the data in our analysis, ensuring that all findings are presented with respect for the dignity and privacy of the individuals who contributed to this research.
The research team comprises experts in artificial intelligence, psychology, and data science, bringing together a diverse range of skills and knowledge to address the complexities of interpreting human emotions through AI. The team is dedicated to advancing the understanding of non-verbal communication and its applications in improving human-computer interaction.
The supplementary information for this study outlines that the research was conducted using our proprietary artificial intelligence system Exania. Due to confidentiality agreements with the participants, a significant portion of the collected information, including videos and detailed algorithmic methodologies, cannot be shared publicly. This restriction is in place to honor the privacy and agreements made with all individuals involved in the study. As a result, much of the material that underpins the findings of this research is held in reserve, with only a portion of the data and insights being available for external review.
Regarding the extended data from this study, it’s important to note that while the research findings and some aggregated data points are presented in the main article, the complete datasets, including raw video files and the specifics of the Exania algorithm, remain confidential. This decision is based on the need to protect the privacy of our participants and to maintain the integrity of our proprietary AI technology. Therefore, while we aim to provide as much transparency as possible within the bounds of our ethical and legal constraints, a full disclosure of all study materials and data cannot be offered.
Partial Disclosure and Protection Measures
Given these limitations, our approach to disclosure is to provide a partial but meaningful overview of the research process, the types of data analyzed, and the general outcomes of the study. This includes sharing aggregated results, general descriptions of the methodologies employed, and the implications of our findings for the field of AI and emotion recognition. For those interested in further details that fall within the scope of our disclosure capabilities, we invite direct inquiries, which will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to determine what additional information can be shared, consistent with our confidentiality commitments and the protection of our proprietary technologies.
Rights and Permissions
Open Access – This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
This licensing ensures that the research is accessible to a wide audience, promoting transparency, reproducibility, and the advancement of knowledge in the field of artificial intelligence and emotional recognition.
Published on 20 March 2024 | <urn:uuid:81dc03f5-a3b4-4aec-9cf7-cbc9f3c92ddc> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://exohood.com/enhancing-ai-precision-in-human-emotion-interpretation-through-multimodal-data-analysis/ | 2024-04-19T12:17:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.937368 | 4,282 |
I am an EU citizen. 11 months ago, I opened an account with ING bank in the Netherlands. I was working in the country and needed an account to receive my salary.
However, I never received a debit card. After some time, I have left the Netherlands. I have unregistered the address, but I did not close my account.
Today, I received a message that I should check my debit account with the ING app. I don't have an app; I can't even open it because I never used this account. I don't even know the account number.
Can you, please, explain to me what penalties I can expect to pay, and how can I contact ING to close an account? Also, is it possible that someone else could use this account to run up debts? That is my biggest concern. Also, how much, if anything, does ING charge for sending warnings? Thank you. | <urn:uuid:993fccf8-04bc-4875-a58e-22d653f57797> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://expatriates.stackexchange.com/questions/24596/what-is-the-penalty-for-not-closing-an-account-in-netherlands | 2024-04-19T11:57:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.981422 | 192 |
By: Val Drapeau
For the picnic:
Picnic tablecloth or blanket
One (or many!) furry bear friends
For the Bear Face Sandwich:
Plate and Cutting Board
Child safe knife
1 slice of regular sandwich bread
3 banana slices
Peanut butter or alternative spread like SunButter (for children with a peanut/tree nut allergy)
For the Bear Ears:
1 sheet of white cardstock (preferred) or white copy paper
Brown and pink crayons
Stapler or tape
Bear Face Sandwich – 5 minutes
Bear Ears – 10 minutes
Picnic – Endless fun with your child(ren)!
Cooking and Art
This Sanity Saver additionally supports the fine motor skills of cutting with scissors and line drawing.
The weather is finally getting nicer, so who is ready for an outside picnic? This activity can take place with your child(ren) in your favorite outdoor or indoor spot. A healthy snack and some bear ears will help transport your child’s imagination for some endless fun! Grab your favorite furry friend and a blanket to set the stage for a delightful afternoon!
Bear Face Sandwich
Step 1: Place one piece of sandwich sized bread on a plate. Have child use a butter knife to spread peanut butter (or alternative spread) onto the bread.
Step 2: On a separate cutting board, have child cut three slices of the banana with a child safe knife. Arrange two of the banana slices at the top of the bread as the ears, and one an inch up from the bottom as the nose.
Step 3: Have child rinse 3 blueberries and arrange two as the eyes underneath the banana slices, closer to the middle of the bread. Place one blueberry on top of the third banana slice at the bottom of the bread to finish the nose.
Step 4: Enjoy your tasty snack!
Step 1: Take your piece of white paper and turn it vertically.
Step 2: With a pencil and ruler, have your child make a line from the top of the page to the bottom, approximately two inches from the edge. Make another line just like the first, two inches from the first drawn line.
Step 3: Have your child cut out the two paper strips with child safe scissors. You should now have two long strips each about 2 inches wide.
Step 4: Take the remaining piece of white paper and turn it horizontally. Draw two large rainbow shapes side by side with the black marker (with a little space in between). Draw a smaller rainbow shape inside each larger rainbow about an inch from the line. Color the smaller rainbow pink (the inside of the ear), and the remaining part up to the larger rainbow line brown. Color the other two white strips brown as well.
Step 5: Have child cut out both “ears” on the page.
Step 6: Staple the two long brown pieces together, edge to edge. Measure the remaining amount around your child’s head and staple it together for a proper fit forming a crown of sorts. Finally, staple (or tape) the bottom of the bear ears side by side in the middle of the crown. Your bear ears are now complete!
Teddy Bear Picnics can include many ways to play…march with your furry friends around the picnic blanket while singing the “Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear Turn Around” song (see below). Pull out some play food, plates and cups to have your bear friends participate tea party style. You could read a book about the Berenstain Bears or any book that has to do with our bear friends. The possibilities are endless!
“Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, Turn Around” Song
Teddy bear, teddy bear, turn around,
Teddy bear, teddy bear, touch the ground,
Teddy bear, teddy bear, reach up high,
Teddy bear, teddy bear, touch the sky,
Teddy bear, teddy bear, bend down low,
Teddy bear, teddy bear, touch your toes,
Teddy bear, teddy bear, go to bed,
Teddy bear, teddy bear, rest your head,
Teddy bear, teddy bear, turn out the lights,
Teddy bear, teddy bear, say “good night”.
Picnic – an outing or occasion that involves taking a packed meal to be eaten outdoors
Vertical – at right angles to a horizontal plane; aligned in such a way that the top is directly above the bottom
Horizontal – parallel to the plane of the horizon; at right angles to the vertical | <urn:uuid:880be487-1c36-4a45-beff-4416a492a9ea> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://exploreandmore.org/sanity-saver-teddy-bear-picnic/ | 2024-04-19T13:23:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.894248 | 961 |
Essential Steps To Launching A Successful Small Business In 2023
In the vast and ever-changing landscape of entrepreneurship, launching a small business in 2023 is an enticing and reachable goal. Imagine the thrill of bringing your vision to life, navigating the intricate pathways of success, and leaving your mark on the world of commerce. However, this journey requires careful planning and execution.
In this article, we will explore the essential steps to launching a successful small business in 2023, providing you with the knowledge and tools necessary to embark on this exhilarating adventure. With an academic tone and an objective approach, we will delve into the practical aspects of building a comprehensive business plan, choosing the right business entity, and registering with the Secretary of State office.
By following these key steps, you will pave the way for a thriving business that resonates with your target audience and withstands the challenges of the competitive market.
- Starting a small business in 2023 is easier than before, with less capital required.
- Building a solid business plan is crucial, including identifying the problem your business solves, target audience, competitors, and their goals and challenges.
- Choosing the right business entity is important, with the speaker recommending LLC as the best option.
- Registering the business with the Secretary of State office and obtaining an EIN are essential steps to take.
Build Business Plan
One of the essential steps to launching a successful small business in 2023, according to the pre-existing knowledge, is to build a comprehensive business plan that addresses the problem the business solves, identifies the target audience, analyzes competitors, and considers the goals and challenges of the target audience.
Market research plays a crucial role in this process. Conducting market research allows entrepreneurs to understand their target audience’s needs and preferences, identify market trends, and evaluate the competition. This information is then used to develop a unique value proposition and competitive advantage.
A well-structured business plan should include the following elements:
- Executive summary
- Company description
- Market analysis
- Organization and management structure
- Product or service line
- Marketing and sales strategy
- Funding request
- Financial projections
By thoroughly addressing these elements, entrepreneurs can create a solid foundation for their small business and enhance their chances of success.
Choose Business Entity
The selection of a suitable business entity is a critical decision that must be made when starting a venture, as it can significantly impact the long-term success and legal obligations of the enterprise.
There are several types of business entities to choose from, each with its own pros and cons. These include sole proprietorship, general partnership, C corporation, S corporation, and LLC.
Sole proprietorship and general partnership offer simplicity and ease of setup, but they also expose the owner to unlimited liability.
On the other hand, corporations provide limited liability protection, but they involve more complex legal and tax requirements.
One popular option is the Limited Liability Company (LLC), which combines the liability protection of a corporation with the flexibility and simplicity of a partnership.
The benefits of choosing an LLC as a business entity include limited liability protection, pass-through taxation, and fewer formalities and restrictions compared to corporations.
Register with Secretary of State Office
To register a business, it is necessary to comply with the registration requirements of the Secretary of State office, which may vary depending on the state.
The state registration process is an essential step in launching a successful small business in 2023. Filing with the Secretary of State is important because it establishes the legal existence of the business and allows it to operate within the state.
Each state has its own specific requirements for registration, such as filling out forms, submitting necessary documents, and paying registration fees. It is crucial to carefully follow these requirements to ensure a smooth registration process.
By completing the state registration process and filing with the Secretary of State office, small business owners can establish the legal foundation of their business and begin operating in compliance with state laws.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I effectively track my business transactions and manage my finances?
To effectively track business transactions and manage finances, it is important to establish an accounting system. This involves recording all transactions accurately, categorizing them, and regularly reconciling accounts. Utilizing accounting software can streamline these processes and provide valuable financial insights.
What are some key factors to consider when choosing a business name?
When choosing a business name, it is important to consider naming considerations and the importance of branding. A well-chosen name can create a strong brand identity and attract customers. Consider factors like uniqueness, relevance, and memorability to make a lasting impression.
How can I protect my business idea or unique product/service from being copied?
To protect your business idea or unique product/service from being copied, you can implement legal safeguards such as obtaining trademarks, patents, or copyrights. These intellectual property protections can provide legal rights and prevent others from using or reproducing your ideas or creations.
What are some common marketing strategies that can help promote my business?
Incorporating influencer marketing and content marketing can be effective strategies to promote a small business. Influencer marketing leverages the influence of popular individuals, while content marketing focuses on creating valuable and relevant content to attract and engage potential customers.
How do I determine the appropriate budget for advertising and marketing expenses?
Determining the appropriate budget for advertising and marketing expenses involves considering factors such as business goals, target audience, and industry trends. Analyzing the effectiveness of previous marketing efforts can also inform budget allocation for future campaigns.
In conclusion, launching a successful small business in 2023 requires careful planning, strategic decision-making, and a dash of patience. Building a thorough business plan that addresses key aspects such as purpose, target audience, and competition is essential.
Opting for the right business entity, like the recommended LLC, can provide legal and financial advantages. Registering with the Secretary of State office and obtaining an EIN are necessary steps to ensure compliance.
Setting up a separate bank account and implementing an accounting system will help with financial management. Lastly, marketing and advertising efforts, coupled with a good dose of patience, will pave the way for success in the competitive business landscape.
So, roll up your sleeves, embrace the challenges, and embark on your small business journey with confidence! | <urn:uuid:32b9d81e-0760-4688-a75f-4718f0a39f5e> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://ezonlinefiling.com/essential-steps-to-launching-a-successful-small-business-in-2023/ | 2024-04-19T11:20:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.927416 | 1,302 |
An eight-year-old Michigan girl who wasn’t allowed to get her school photo taken because of red hair extensions is now the toast of many with her empowering and dashing photoshoot.
Marian Scott was barred from taking a photo on school picture day. She was told her red hair extensions were a violation of the school dress code and that she couldn’t participate in school photos, according to her father, Doug Scott.
As would any teen, the experience left her heart bruised. “Marian felt she wasn’t acceptable,” Mr Scott said.
However, the tables have turned and little Scott has regained her confidence following a deluxe photo shoot with studio backdrops and wardrobe changes courtesy of professional photographer Jermaine Horton, of Naperville, who reportedly drove nine hours round-trip to Michigan so Scott could be photographed.
Photographer Horton was moved upon hearing how the eight-year-old third-grader felt by the snub from Paragon Charter Academy in Jacksonville, Michigan, and he offered to take some special photos of her.
Joy Entertainment & Event Management and Mieka Joi, CEO of Rich Girl Candy, donated new wardrobe to her and Scott kept her extensions in for the shoot.
Horton shared the results of the shoot on his Instagram page, and says he was astonished by the positive feedback.
View this post on InstagramGood Morning World …. Lets talk about this Photo Session and why it happened. A beautiful young soul named Marian Scott was denied her school pictures because of the Red streaks in her hair. ( Here is the original link to the story https://www.facebook.com/WILXNicoleBuchmann/posts/3014390945297769 ) When I heard about this story I was furious as a parent because the first thing I thought about was the impact of what this would do to such a beautiful little girl. I recached out to @nicole_joy_3 of @wilxtv who covered the story and she got me in contact with the parents. We set a date and I drove from Chicago to @procamphoto to do our OWN photoshoot of this amazing beautiful little girl. I want to thank @pamelajoyblackman CEO of @joymanagementinc who was the angel who purchased items for this shoot from @donitavann ( Vanndalz) (The outfits were amazing)/ Special thanks to Owner and CEO @miekajoi_ of @richgirlcandy who donated her amazing pieces who truly made Marian feel so special and appreciated. Im so blessed to have been apart of this to give her an amazing day that showed her that she truly is beautiful and her hair color was the BOMB! Of course we kept it for the shoot! Follow @art_of_confidence for more stories like this as I continue on to restore more confidence in our children and youth ?? #YourFavoritePhotographer @jermainehortonportraits PS, Thank you @nicole_joy_3 for being so amazing and NOT just being a reporter but also a great humanitarian that went above and beyond! @sony @sonyalpha @stellaprolights Pro Lights CLx8 @westcottlighting Fj400 Westcott RapidBox XXL and XL #ocf #Michigan #Photography #HerShootWasBetter #BlackIsBeautiful #EmbraceYou #blackgirls #power #secure #strong #schoolphotos #photooftheday #picoftheday #SonyA9 #westcottlighting #blackgirlsrock #redhairdontcare #portraits #melaninpoppin #melanin @sonyalpha
Delighted about her first modelling experience, Scott said: “It was fun, you got to pose and change clothes and got to be yourself.”
“Thank you,” Scott told Horton and those who supported her. “I appreciate it and I love the support.”
The third-grader last month had her hair braided wrapped into a bun by her mom LaToya Howard for the big day. She left home in excitement with her black and red extensions but came home feeling crushed.
Howard took to Facebook, to hit out at the school for sending their daughter back to her class and failing to communicate with her and her fiancé, Doug Scott, first.
“I see other kids with colored hair but since she’s BLACK it’s a problem. Oh yea race has everything to do with this.”
“Hair colour must be of natural tones. Headbands must be solid white, navy, hunter green, or black. Students must be in school uniform for fall pictures and any re-takes. Students not in school uniform will not be allowed to have their pictures taken. We take great care to ensure our families are well-informed about this policy, and also work closely with students and their parents if there’s a concern,” a written statement quoting the school handbook read.
“We understand the importance of good communication in helping strengthen the partnership we have with our families and will continue to make this a priority to create a school environment where everyone is valued and has their voice heard,” the statement added.
This is a perfect example of the heightened level of stigmatization, and segregation that black children suffer at school. | <urn:uuid:7153a8ef-e53c-45a4-be08-4ac0f3adcc41> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://face2faceafrica.com/article/8-year-old-black-girl-barred-from-taking-school-picture-over-red-hair-extension-wows-social-media-with-glam-photoshoot | 2024-04-19T11:59:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.962643 | 1,120 |
ISO 27001 Certification In Quebec
ISO 27001 certification in Quebec, We are one of Canada’s leading ISO Certification providers. Factocert provides ISO Consultant service in Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, and other major cities at a better cost
ISO 27001 Certification in Quebec is one of those security Standard that provides the requirement for information security management system. These standards are published by the organization called because the international organization for standardization can work just to provide quality, safety, and healthy elements to your organization. All these requirements of the standard are all prepared by the committee and also sub-committee of all international organizations for standardization where they consider each of the variables and operations which are needed for procuring information of an organization and they prepare a manual that’s appropriate for the organization. ISO 27001 is one of those industry-specific standards which can be applied to every organization which wants to secure their information and protect their assets. It does not rely upon the size or place it depends only on the reach of the organization.
5 Steps to get an ISO 27001 Certification in Quebec
ISO has published More than 21000 + standards among which few are generic and several are business-specific. The international organization for standardization consists of representatives from various National standard bodies and 163 countries that have accepted the requirements and the condition of the international organization for standardization. The international organization for standardization was initially published in the year 1947 and its headquarters is located in Geneva Switzerland.
Now let us understand more About ISO 27001 Certification in Quebec
We know one of the most important assets for almost any organization around the globe is their information. The customer stakeholders and other interested parties could expect and demand the accountability and confidentiality of the data so it will be among the utter disasters if any information is being hacked or put into a threat. So it is necessary to secure the data ISO 27001 Certification in Quebec information security has become more significant for this online era.
ISO 27001 standard is A systematic and structured framework to take care of the organization’s information sensitively. ISO 27001 standard works jointly with the international digital Commission that gives you a requirement for implementing, maintaining, building, and continually improving the information security management system.
Being an employee or responsible individual of their organization it Is important to comprehend the intricacies of your business and you need to be somewhere to appraise those resources that are needed to be shielded and other information’s which are regarded as very crucial in companies viewpoint. Numerous organizations have obtained a risk by not protecting their information and they have compensated for it so it’s important to safeguard your data and information and this is where the ISO 27001 Certification auditors in Quebec come into account because the organization may get trust and confidence by all your clients. Information security management system is a type of an excellent standard that enables the organization with different requirements to execute the security management system. And this concept came into existence to be certain that each one of the parameters associated with security will be in place so that each one of the data and information of the organization is safeguarded. And also the ISO 27001 Certification Cost in Quebec is extremely aggressive and is readily affordable for any organization.
Advantages of ISO 27001 Certification in Quebec
- ISO 27001 Certification in Quebec Aids the industries by providing them a suitable frame of good techniques to secure their information and information
- ISO 27001 Certification Consultants in Quebec can help to fulfill all sorts of requirements like the legal, customer, and other interested parties.
- ISO 27001 Certification Cost in Quebec is extremely competitive and it is easily affordable by all kind of industries that is into securing information and information.
- ISO 27001 Consultants in Quebec helps the organization to gain trust by the end customers or your customers or any of your customers because they believe that the organization is following a standard requirement that would make them more reliable
Why Factocert for ISO Certification in Quebec?
Factocert is an Epitome for consulting with the international standards as it mostly focuses on The client’s needs and manages their process by providing them with The best solution. ISO 27001 Certification bodies in Quebec provide the world recognized certifications that have Been accepted globally and Factocert is part of these certification bodies. It not only does the Implementation and review of international standards but it also involved In providing the third party audit solutions and issuing of certification of International standards and we constantly ensure that the clients are Fulfilled by our consulting methods And to know more about our solutions mail [email protected] Please see our website www.factocert.com we’d be delighted to help you
For More Information: ISO 27001 Certification in Quebec
ISO 27001 audit services in Quebec are essential because if you’re facing the ISO 27001 audit in Quebec you have to be very careful about every parameter in your organization but when you join hands with Factocert. We as an ISO 27001 Consultancy Service provider Quebec, are tagged up with so many different ISO 27001 certification bodies in Quebec
Benefits of ISO 27001 Certification in Quebec
You will have the edge over your list of ISO 27001 certified companies in Quebec.
Marketing becomes very easy when you have ISO 27001 certification in Quebec tagged on to your name and which will help you to get into a global market and be a global player.
Employee satisfaction rates increases which are directly proportional to your employee retention and by retaining your critical employees you will have higher stability as a company
A government will recognize you for having such certifications
You will be automatically qualifying for any tenders because most of the companies require you to certify for ISO 27001 certification in Quebec for participating in the tender
Customer satisfaction rates will go high, and you will not have to face any more consequences from your customers or your vendors
Are you looking for
ISO 27001 Certification Consultants in Quebec
What else are you waiting for the only step you have to take care of is getting in touch with us, and we would take the best care, and in no time you would be certified for relevant ISO 27001 certification in Quebec you prefer. Most thing companies worry about is ISO 27001 service cost in Quebec but let us just tell you that ISO 27001 cost in Quebec is not what you should be thinking of because when this certification can give a boost to your organization’s process. We will make sure that the cost of ISO 27001 Certification in Quebec is as minimal as possible. To get you ISO 27001 Certification Services in Quebec then we assure you 100% guarantee results and we ensure that you will definitely be certified because have 100% success rates to date in getting our customers certified. So get in touch with us as early as possible and get your ISO 27001 certificate in Quebec at the earliest.
Mail us at [email protected] for quick assistance. | <urn:uuid:abc193e3-4b76-4a6c-b772-44fdc53ad3e7> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://factocert.com/canada/quebec/iso-27001-certification-in-quebec/ | 2024-04-19T11:26:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.946566 | 1,403 |
ISO Certification In Munich
ISO Certification in Munich, Factocert is one of the leading ISO Certification providers in Munich. We provide ISO Consultant services at a better cost. We provide ISO Certification in Berlin, Munich, Hamburg, Stuttgart, Dresden, Cologne, Bonn, Potsdam, and other major cities. We provide different ISO Standards like ISO 27001, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 22000, ISO 45001, ISO 13485, ISO 17025 Standards.
ISO Certification in Munich is one of the prominent standards Used by businesses to improve their processes. The international organization for standardization has set up this concept facing everyone to be able to help the organization that was facing plenty of issues within their procedures and operations by supplying them with the very best solutions concerning quality, safety, and wellness. The international organization for standardization was created in the year 1947 and the headquarters is situated in Geneva, Switzerland.
It’s published more than 21000 + of standards determined by the industries organization scope of activities for various kinds of operations which are carried out, so to be able to meet all of the requirement it’s essential to proceed but the particular standards that help the organization specifically. And 163 countries are becoming members of the international organization for standardization and they’ve accepted the requirements of the standards. These requirements are put by the committee and sub-committee of international organizations for standardization where they identify every need of the businesses and prepare the record so that it may be flexible once the standard is implemented to the organization.
5 Steps to get ISO Certification in Munich:
More about ISO Certification in Munich:
Standardization has become one of those concepts in the Business and it’s been better in purchasing and accounting. Your organization is certified from the international standards you can have more benefits by gaining the trust of your interested parties, stakeholders as well as other customers. The international organization for standardization may be described as placing a body that contains or is composed of representatives from several national standard bodies.
There ought to be only 1 representative from a nation that needs to be a member of ISO. International organization for standardization was published in several distinct languages called English, French, and Russian. The chief aim of this organization is to market and set international standards.
International standard raises the productivity and Established communication among the section will enable them to get a better solution for every threat in each process. Minimizing the error and removal of several Threads will enable them to get success at a faster rate. This will also respond as a teenager as each individual will be getting the knowledge about the International standard benefits.
Advantages of ISO Certification in Munich:
Implementing these International standards for the organization makes them better and effective and to know more let us go in short
- ISO 45001 Certification Bodies in Frankfurt were established to help the industries to Decrease all Sort of errors so that they can eliminate all kind of waste
- ISO Certification Cost in Munich help the organization to employ the best practices which are based on the standard requirement
- ISO Auditors in Munich Assists the organization to take up the real and real certifications so You can have marketing activities internationally
- ISO Consultants in Munich help to create the provider’s image by making them accommodate their needs and supply the services to the clients as their expectations.
These are the couple Advantages of ISO certification in Munich
ISO 9001 is a worldwide Accepted identification marker for qualified standards of quality management. The International Standard Organization, which can be recognized by over 120 nations as the jurisdiction of establishing quality standards for products and services.
ISO 13485 Certification Is for Quality Management systems for medical instruments is the International Organization for Standardization, whose purpose is to build quality standards for pharmaceutical, biotechnological and generic drug products. The most important aim of ISO is to set quality standards for drugs, generic drugs, and surgical equipment and materials that are used by healthcare and industrial companies in the creation of medications, apparatus, and gear. The business sets quality objectives, quality management measures, quality management systems, performance information specifications, along with labeling or packing needs. This international standard was approved by different governments globally. In the conclusion of this guide, ISO has 27 member states and is growing rapidly in every area of biotech organization.
ISO 14001 is your International Standard for producing and executing a hazardous waste management system. ISO 14001 was created in 1996 to help ease the compliance of sources of poisonous wastes. Its objective is to set a uniform system of technology principles and principles needed for handling such springs. The standard is always updated through consensus, which makes it the broadest international standard on toxic wastes. ISO 14001 is the international standard for layout and executing a hazardous waste management system
ISO/IEC 17025, General Conditions for the competence of testing Along With calibration labs is the main ISO standard utilized by testing and calibration labs. In the majority of states, ISO/IEC 17025 is the standard for which many labs will need to keep certification to be deemed legally capable. Oftentimes, suppliers and regulatory authorities won’t accept test or calibration results in a lab that isn’t licensed.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is the only authority for creating quality parameters for goods. It sets the specifications utilized to ascertain what can and can not be available in the industry. When a food or beverage provider wants to market its goods in just about any country around the world, they need to get accredited to do so by the ISO. If you’re a manufacturer who would like to market food items or beverages beyond your country, you must comply with each of the ISO 22000 regulations. Not doing this may result in hefty fines, penalties, and also loss of your business.
ISO/IEC 27001 is a Worldwide standard On how to take care of information protection. The standard was originally published together by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2005 and revised in 2013. [2 ] It details requirements for setting, implementing, maintaining, and continuously enhancing an information security management system (ISMS) — the aim of which is to assist organizations to produce the information resources that they hold more secure. A European update of this standard has been published in 2017. Organizations that satisfy the standard’s demands can decide to get certified by an accredited certification system after the successful conclusion of a scheduled appointment.
ISO 45001, an underwater recognized International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard For occupational Health and safety management systems, was demonstrated to handle problems Regarding occupational wellness. The International Standard Organization that is A subdivision of the US National Committee for Standards isn’t for profit Organization that sets quality standards for services and products. An Organization That has reached the maximum standing of”IEC 60 Annex 1″ is an ISO member.
Why choose Factocert for ISO Certification in Munich?
To Be Able to implement This International standard it is required distinct consultants who are well aware of the standard requirements. Pick a Consulting body such as Factocert which consists of experienced expertise that has a licensed many organization and also has provided with the ideal solution. Factocert not merely does the implementation or consultation of international standards but additionally, it involves offering the third-party audit solutions of international standards and the certification of international standards.
Therefore be wise and select a Consulting body as Factocert would constantly work for the client’s point of view and make sure that they are fulfilled by our providers. And also to know more about our services please to see our www.factocert.com or [email protected] website we’d be delighted to aid you any sort of problems that you are facing.
For More Information: ISO Certification in Munich
ISO audit services are essential because if you’re facing the ISO audit in Munich you have to be very careful about every parameter in your organization but when you join hands with Factocert. We as an ISO Consultancy Service provider in Munich, are tagged up with so many different ISO Certification Bodies in Munich.
Benefits of ISO Certification in Munich
You will have the edge over your list of ISO-certified companies in Munich.
Marketing becomes very easy when you have ISO Certification in Munich tagged on to your name and which will help you to get into a global market and be a global player.
Employee satisfaction rates increases which are directly proportional to your employee retention and by retaining your critical employees you will have higher stability as a company
A government will recognize you for having such certifications
You will be automatically qualifying for any tenders because most of the companies require you to certify for ISO Certification in Munich for participating in tender
Customer satisfaction rates will go high, and you will not have to face any more consequences from your customers or your vendors
Are you looking for
ISO Certification Consultants in Munich
What else are you waiting for the only step you have to take care about is getting in touch with us, and we would take the best care, and in no time you would be certified for relevant ISO Certification in Munich you prefer. Most thing companies worry about is ISO Certification Cost in Munich but let us just tell you that ISO Certification Cost in Munich is not what you should be thinking of because when this certification can give a boost to your organization’s process.
We will make sure that the ISO Certification Cost in Munich is as minimal as possible. To get you ISO Certification Services in Munich than we assure you 100% guarantee results and we ensure that you will definitely be certified because have 100% success rates to date in getting our customers certified. So get in touch with us as early as possible and get your ISO certificate in Munich at the earliest.
Mail us at [email protected] for quick assistance.
Frequently Asked Questions
Type ISO Certification
Factocert helps in implementing an effective and robust ISO 9001 Quality Management System (QMS). It’s a process improvement tool & helps businesses and organizations to be more efficient and improve customer satisfaction and promotes continual improvement.
Factocert helps in implementing an effective ISO 14001 which is an internationally agreed standard that sets out the requirements for an environmental management system. It helps organizations improve their environmental performance through more efficient use of resources and reduction of waste, gaining a competitive advantage and the trust of stakeholders.
Factocert helps in implementing an effective ISO 45001. It sets the framework for establishing, implementing, and maintaining an occupational health and safety (OH&S) management system, managing OH&S risks and opportunities. It aims to protect the physical and mental health of workers, a responsibility held by any organization.
ISO Certification with in 2 Days
Factocert helps in implementing an effective ISO 27001 which allows you to prove to your clients and other stakeholders that you are managing the security of your information. An ISMS is a set of policies, procedures, processes and systems that manage information risks, such as cyber attacks, hacks, data leaks or theft.
Factocert helps in implementing an effective ISO 17025 providing a system for continuous improvement of daily laboratory practices. Faster identification and resolution of issues, improved customer satisfaction, meeting of quality requirements and an overall increase in lab- oratory business.
Factocert helps in implementing an effective ISO 22000 in an organization resulting in a more robust food safety management system and potential access to new market opportunities. It is Internationally-recognized, harmonized standard for controlling food safety hazards. | <urn:uuid:00784e60-d56a-4d01-a555-190bc484d6f0> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://factocert.com/germany/munich/iso-certification-in-munich/ | 2024-04-19T11:20:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.942255 | 2,366 |
Q&A with Helpful Technology
Helpful Technology is a digital development company, working with a wide range of clients across the public sector and private businesses. We talk to Managing Director Steph Gray about why applied for the Fair Tax Mark.
Why did you apply for the Fair Tax Mark?
I heard of the Fair Tax Mark through one of our suppliers, Bytemark Hosting and thought it sounded like a great way to demonstrate transparency and support for the idea that businesses paying their share of tax is a good thing for society.
Since I set up the firm, I’ve tried to establish a set of sustainable business principles to help articulate our position across the board from how we treat subcontractors and employees through to our transport choices and how I’m paid as the owner. Many of our clients are in the public and policy sectors so I’d like us to be able to stand with them against big businesses who exploit tax loopholes to avoid paying for their share of public services.
The benefits of the Fair Tax Mark
For us, the Fair Tax Mark hasn’t changed the amount of tax we pay, but it’s helped us be transparent and consistent in how we report our tax and financial affairs to the outside world.
I hope it demonstrates to potential employees and clients that we’re a firm committed to honesty and openness, and that we support business paying its share towards public services.
How was the accreditation process?
The process was straightforward and friendly. The Fair Tax team gave us an overview of the process, reviewed our current documentation and published information, and helped us refine our reporting to be more consistent. We published the additional information on our website and asked our accountants to include the detail in our next annual accounts.
We’re a small, busy team and wouldn’t have time to go through a bureaucratic accreditation but on the other hand, we can make changes quite quickly: the Fair Tax Mark process was perfect for us. | <urn:uuid:6cd46d34-d922-4739-8ec8-a63de3342ec1> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fairtaxmark.net/qa-with-helpful-technology/ | 2024-04-19T13:18:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.967753 | 407 |
So, who is participating in the Genealogy Do-Over in 2015? Hands up…..!
Oh, yes! I am so up for that. I’ve been saying for years how I would love to do things differently and how I wish I could go back and start over. Well, now I will. I have invested in a decent family history software package. No more handwritten trees from when I was in my early 20’s. No more folders of census schedules I copied having spent hours trawling through the microfilms at the Family Records Centre. No more photographs with no idea where they were taken.
Since I began delving into the past, I have had at least three PCs that I can recall, probably half a dozen or so laptops, plus countless USB memory sticks and cameras. Undoubtedly, I have numerous copies of the same files and more than likely entire folders of documents which are identical to one another. No more. I’m done with all that. New Year, new system.
Just as Thomas MacEntee said when he announced the Genealogy Do-Over on Geneabloggers, my past genealogical research frustrates me. Having started as a youngster, not really knowing one end of a census reel from another, there are so many things I wish I had known then that I know now. Like how important it is to record which parish some of the marriage entries I have copied are actually from! Crucial information but infuriatingly omitted on a few of my surname study documents. What a nitwit I was in my younger years!
Today, I proudly set up a new folder in My Documents: Genealogy Do-Over Family Tree. This will be the master folder and I can now start to go through all the double copies and create one set of scanned certificates, deleting other files/folders as I go. That’s Step One! My software package is flying in my general direction …. well, travelling slowly by Royal Mail if truth be told, but I’ve waited this long, so another few days won’t hurt.
I am actually really excited to press the stop button and do everything over again. It will help with the de-cluttering mission for 2015 as well, I hope, as the folders disappear and the contents are scanned and/or disposed of, replaced by appropriately named electronic versions. Don’t panic though – I won’t be getting rid of all the original documents. The filing cabinet is next on the ‘to-do’ list – that’s Step Two. | <urn:uuid:fcc10b7d-ffe9-49b1-9564-ed596b519dbb> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://family-wise.co.uk/2015/01/02/new-year-new-system/ | 2024-04-19T12:54:06Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.964734 | 534 |
As Managing Director of FWL, I am supposed to know everything. And, do you know what ….? I do! However, that is only with the ‘on tap’ guidance and advice from thousands of colleagues, friends, family and other acquaintances over the years. Me personally….? I remember a lot of extraneous facts, generally historical or genealogical, most of which are considered by many to be irrelevant to society!
Being MD here is all about having the right skill set to get the best out of the team, as well as being able to analyse individual strengths to build the best team possible. I/we don’t always manage to get it right. However, no matter what, we learn from every case (good or bad).
Personally, I often end up drafting the important letters. The ones which have to be right the first time as we won’t get a second chance. With these, I have to be 100% happy with them and confident that they will have the desired effect on the recipient, whatever we hope that will be. How do you write to someone who gave up their son/daughter at birth to ask if they would accept contact? There are many other scenarios as well where I have to draft, draft and draft again. Sometimes it can take four or five versions to ‘get it right’. Most of the time, the wait has been long to get to the contact stage and the final part is worth waiting for!
We have two pieces of amazing news to share later this week on the Long Lost Families front and another story in the pipeline. It’s rare that we can manage ‘quick fixes’ in our work – sometimes magic can be worked overnight, but more often than not, it takes time and diligent research as well as drafting, drafting and drafting again until we are happy with the final product. Like I said though, it’s worth the wait.
Source image: Go Displays | <urn:uuid:98195502-3315-481b-ad91-45913df1b4fe> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://family-wise.co.uk/2015/07/06/draft-draft-and-re-draft/ | 2024-04-19T12:21:27Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.974735 | 406 |
Navigating the intersection of retirement accounts and prenuptial agreements requires careful consideration. Exploring the significance of safeguarding assets like retirement accounts through legally sound agreements is essential in fostering long-term financial stability and peace of mind. It’s not just about planning for today; it’s a strategic move towards securing your future.
Crafting a cohesive financial roadmap that integrates retirement savings and prenuptial agreements is a proactive step towards protecting your financial well-being amidst life’s uncertainties. Are you ready to delve into the intricacies of intertwining financial planning and marital agreements for a more secure tomorrow?
Overview of Retirement Accounts and Prenuptial Agreements
Retirement accounts and prenuptial agreements are crucial aspects of financial planning for couples. Understanding how these two elements intersect is essential for maintaining long-term financial security. Retirement accounts refer to savings vehicles individuals use to set aside funds for their post-working years. These can include IRAs, 401(k) plans, and pension plans, all of which play a significant role in one’s financial stability during retirement.
On the other hand, prenuptial agreements are legal documents that outline the division of assets in the event of a divorce. Including retirement accounts in prenuptial agreements can help safeguard these savings in case the marriage ends, providing clarity and security for both parties involved. By addressing these topics early on in a relationship, couples can establish a solid financial foundation and avoid potential conflicts down the road.
Considering the implications of retirement savings and marital agreements can pave the way for a smoother transition into retirement years. It’s essential to seek professional guidance when crafting comprehensive plans that integrate both retirement accounts and prenuptial agreements effectively. Through thoughtful planning and consideration of these factors, couples can ensure their long-term financial well-being and peace of mind.
Types of Retirement Accounts
There are three primary types of retirement accounts often considered in financial planning: Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), 401(k) Plans, and Pension Plans. IRAs allow individuals to save for retirement with tax advantages, while 401(k) Plans are typically offered by employers for their employees to contribute towards retirement. Pension Plans are employer-sponsored retirement plans that provide regular income to retirees. Each type has its own set of rules and benefits, catering to different financial goals and needs.
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) are popular among individuals seeking personal retirement savings options, offering flexibility in investment choices and tax benefits. 401(k) Plans are common employer-sponsored retirement accounts where employees contribute a portion of their salary, often with employer matching. Pension Plans, on the other hand, provide retirement income based on a formula considering factors like years of service and salary history. Understanding the distinctions among these retirement account types empowers individuals to make informed decisions when planning for their financial future.
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs)
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) are popular retirement savings vehicles that offer tax advantages. There are several types of IRAs, including Traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs, SEP IRAs, and SIMPLE IRAs. Traditional IRAs allow for pre-tax contributions, while Roth IRAs consist of after-tax contributions that grow tax-free. SEP IRAs are designed for self-employed individuals and small business owners, offering higher contribution limits compared to Traditional and Roth IRAs.
401(k) Plans are similar to IRAs but are offered through employers. Employees can contribute a portion of their pre-tax income to their 401(k) accounts, often with an employer match. These contributions grow tax-deferred until retirement. Pension Plans, on the other hand, are defined benefit plans where retirees receive a fixed income based on years of service and salary.
When considering prenuptial agreements, it’s essential to include provisions for how IRAs will be handled in the event of a divorce. This can help protect one’s retirement savings and ensure that assets are divided fairly according to the agreement. Seeking legal advice when incorporating IRAs into a prenuptial agreement is crucial to address any tax implications and ensure compliance with applicable laws.
401(k) Plans are tax-advantaged retirement accounts offered by employers, allowing employees to contribute a portion of their pre-tax salary towards retirement savings. These plans are a popular choice for building retirement funds due to employer matching contributions and potential for investment growth over time.
One key feature of 401(k) Plans is the ability to choose investment options based on risk tolerance and retirement goals. Employees can diversify their holdings through a selection of stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, helping to maximize long-term returns and mitigate risk.
Incorporating 401(k) Plans into a prenuptial agreement requires careful consideration of current balances, contribution schedules, and distribution strategies in the event of a divorce. Legal advice is crucial to ensure these accounts are properly addressed to protect each spouse’s financial interests.
Understanding the nuances of 401(k) Plans within the context of prenuptial agreements is essential for preserving retirement savings and financial security. By addressing these accounts proactively, couples can navigate potential challenges and ensure a comprehensive approach to their long-term financial planning.
Pension Plans are a vital component of retirement savings, offering individuals a consistent income stream during their retirement years. These plans are typically sponsored by employers and provide retirees with financial security based on their years of service and salary history. Here are the types of Pension Plans to consider:
- Defined Benefit Plans: Guarantee a specific benefit amount based on factors like salary and years of service.
- Defined Contribution Plans: Contributions are made by both the employee and employer, with the eventual benefit based on the contributions and investment performance.
- Cash Balance Plans: Combine features of both defined benefit and defined contribution plans, offering a specified benefit upon retirement.
Integrating Pension Plans into a prenuptial agreement requires careful consideration and expert guidance to ensure fair and equitable distribution in the event of a divorce. It’s crucial to outline how these assets will be divided and managed to protect both parties’ financial interests and retirement security.
Benefits of Incorporating Prenuptial Agreements
Incorporating prenuptial agreements into retirement planning offers crucial safeguards for individuals and couples. One significant benefit is the ability to outline specific terms regarding retirement account division in the event of a divorce, protecting accumulated assets. By clearly defining each party’s rights and responsibilities, prenuptial agreements can help avoid lengthy and costly legal battles.
Furthermore, prenuptial agreements provide a sense of financial security and transparency, establishing a framework for communication about retirement goals and expectations. This proactive approach allows couples to address potential financial conflicts early on, fostering a better understanding of each other’s financial priorities. Additionally, prenuptial agreements can protect retirement savings from being unfairly distributed in divorce settlements, ensuring that each partner’s contributions are acknowledged and respected.
Overall, integrating prenuptial agreements into retirement planning can offer peace of mind and clarity for couples as they navigate the complexities of shared financial assets. By formalizing agreements on retirement accounts, individuals can tailor their financial arrangements to suit their specific needs and protect their long-term financial interests, promoting stability and mutual understanding in their relationship.
Considerations for Including Retirement Accounts in a Prenuptial Agreement
When considering including retirement accounts in a prenuptial agreement, several important factors should be taken into account to ensure clarity and protection for both parties:
- Clearly Specify Assets: Outline all retirement accounts to be included and define how they will be treated in the event of separation or divorce.
- Consider Future Contributions: Determine how ongoing contributions or changes to the accounts will be managed within the agreement.
- Address Tax Implications: Factor in any tax implications that may arise from the division or distribution of retirement assets as per the prenuptial agreement.
By addressing these considerations thoughtfully and thoroughly, couples can proactively safeguard their retirement savings and plan for potential future scenarios effectively. Consulting with legal and financial experts can provide valuable guidance in navigating the complexities involved in integrating retirement accounts into prenuptial agreements.
Legal Requirements for Valid Prenuptial Agreements
To ensure the validity of a prenuptial agreement concerning retirement accounts, certain legal requirements must be met. Firstly, the agreement must be documented in writing and signed by both parties involved. This written documentation serves as tangible evidence of the agreed terms and conditions, including the handling of retirement assets in case of separation or divorce.
Additionally, each party should obtain independent legal representation when drafting the prenuptial agreement. This ensures that both individuals are aware of their rights and obligations regarding their retirement savings and can make informed decisions without any coercion or undue influence. Seeking legal advice from separate attorneys helps maintain fairness and transparency in the agreement.
Furthermore, for a prenuptial agreement to be deemed valid, it must be entered into voluntarily by both parties. This means that neither individual should be forced or pressured into signing the agreement against their will. The agreement should be a result of mutual consent and understanding, demonstrating a fair and balanced approach to safeguarding retirement accounts within the marriage contract.
In the context of prenuptial agreements, written documentation serves as a foundational requirement to ensure the validity and enforceability of the agreement. It involves detailing the assets, including retirement accounts, that each party brings into the marriage and how they will be handled in the event of divorce. Key points regarding written documentation include:
- Clearly outlining all assets: The prenuptial agreement must provide a comprehensive list of each party’s individual retirement accounts, specifying account types, balances, and any contributions made during the marriage.
- Specifying ownership and division: It should clearly define ownership rights over the retirement accounts and outline how they will be divided in case of divorce, including any predetermined distribution percentages or methods.
- Stipulating any exceptions or special provisions: The written documentation should address any exceptions or specific conditions related to the retirement accounts, such as provisions for inheritances, separate property, or changes in account values over time.
By documenting these details accurately and transparently, the prenuptial agreement establishes a clear framework for the handling of retirement accounts, providing both parties with a solid foundation for financial planning and security throughout their marriage.
Independent Legal Representation
Independent legal representation is a crucial aspect of valid prenuptial agreements. Each party should have their lawyer to ensure fairness and understanding of the terms. This practice helps prevent coercion and ensures both parties comprehend the legal implications of the agreement.
Having independent legal representation means that each party receives personalized counsel on the agreement’s terms, rights, and obligations. It safeguards against potential conflicts of interest and guarantees that the agreement is entered into voluntarily and with full awareness of its consequences. This requirement strengthens the validity and enforceability of the prenuptial agreement.
Professional legal guidance is vital in navigating the complexities of prenuptial agreements involving retirement accounts. Attorneys specializing in family law and estate planning can provide invaluable expertise in crafting comprehensive agreements that address retirement savings effectively. By engaging independent legal representation, couples can safeguard their financial future and protect their retirement assets in the event of divorce.
Fair and Voluntary Agreement
In the context of prenuptial agreements, ensuring a fair and voluntary agreement is vital to its validity and enforceability. A fair agreement implies that both parties disclose their assets honestly and reach a mutual understanding regarding the division of property, including retirement accounts. This transparency fosters trust and fairness in the agreement.
Moreover, for a prenuptial agreement to be considered voluntary, both parties must enter into it willingly without any sign of coercion or duress. This ensures that each party consents to the terms of the agreement without feeling pressured or manipulated. A voluntary agreement reflects genuine intent and a clear decision-making process.
By upholding the principles of fairness and voluntariness in a prenuptial agreement concerning retirement accounts, couples can establish a solid foundation for their financial future. This approach promotes open communication, clarity, and accountability, strengthening the overall validity and effectiveness of the agreement in safeguarding assets, including retirement savings, in the event of separation or divorce.
Impact of Prenuptial Agreements on Retirement Savings
Prenuptial agreements can significantly impact retirement savings by providing clarity and protection in the event of a divorce. These agreements can outline how assets, including retirement accounts, will be divided, potentially safeguarding one’s financial future post-divorce. By addressing retirement savings in a prenuptial agreement, individuals can avoid prolonged legal battles and ensure a fair distribution of assets.
Including retirement accounts in a prenuptial agreement allows parties to specify their intentions regarding these funds, such as whether they will remain separate property or be subject to division in the case of a divorce. This can help avoid uncertainties and conflicts down the road, providing a sense of security and control over one’s retirement savings. Additionally, addressing retirement in a prenuptial agreement can promote open communication about financial matters, fostering a strong foundation for the marriage.
It’s essential to consider the implications of prenuptial agreements on retirement savings carefully. While these agreements can offer protection, they may also have limitations and restrictions depending on various factors such as state laws, changes in financial circumstances, and evolving retirement plans. Seeking legal advice and financial counsel when crafting a prenuptial agreement involving retirement accounts is crucial to ensure all aspects are adequately addressed and aligned with long-term financial goals.
Ultimately, the impact of prenuptial agreements on retirement savings underscores the importance of proactive financial planning and legal foresight. By integrating retirement accounts into prenuptial agreements thoughtfully and comprehensively, individuals can enhance their financial security, protect their assets, and mitigate potential conflicts, contributing to a more stable and harmonious financial future.
Challenges and Limitations of Prenuptial Agreements Regarding Retirement
Prenuptial agreements may face challenges when it comes to retirement accounts due to the complexity of determining future asset valuations. Changes in financial circumstances, such as market fluctuations or varying contribution levels, can impact the agreement’s intended outcomes.
Additionally, the evolving nature of retirement laws and regulations poses a challenge to the enforceability of prenuptial agreements specifically concerning retirement assets. This dynamic landscape requires ongoing review and potential modifications to ensure compliance with current legal standards.
Moreover, disagreements may arise between spouses regarding the distribution of retirement assets outlined in a prenuptial agreement, leading to conflicts and potential legal disputes. Addressing these differences in expectations and ensuring clear, detailed language within the agreement is crucial to mitigating these challenges and preserving the intended asset allocation.
Furthermore, the limitations of prenuptial agreements in dictating all aspects of retirement planning should be acknowledged. While these agreements can provide a level of protection, they may not encompass every financial aspect of retirement, necessitating additional estate planning and investment strategies to complement the agreement effectively.
Professional Guidance for Crafting Comprehensive Retirement and Prenuptial Plans
Professional guidance for crafting comprehensive retirement and prenuptial plans is essential to ensure that both aspects are aligned effectively for long-term financial security. When navigating the complexities of retirement accounts and prenuptial agreements, seeking assistance from experienced financial advisors and legal professionals is crucial. These experts can offer tailored advice based on individual circumstances, ensuring that all legal requirements and considerations are met.
Working with professionals can help individuals understand the implications of including retirement accounts in prenuptial agreements and how to best protect their assets. They can provide strategic insight into the impact of prenuptial agreements on retirement savings and address any challenges or limitations that may arise. By engaging with knowledgeable professionals, individuals can develop robust plans that safeguard their financial future and mitigate potential risks.
The expertise of professionals in crafting comprehensive retirement and prenuptial plans extends to ensuring that the agreements are fair, voluntary, and legally sound. They can assist in documenting the terms clearly, negotiating on behalf of their clients, and structuring agreements that align with their long-term goals. Ultimately, seeking professional guidance can empower individuals to make informed decisions that secure their financial well-being both during and after retirement.
Case Studies Illustrating Successful Integration of Retirement Accounts and Prenuptial Agreements
Case studies can provide valuable insights into the successful integration of retirement accounts and prenuptial agreements. For instance, a study conducted by [Law Firm X] highlighted how a well-crafted prenup protected an individual’s 401(k) savings in the event of a divorce, ensuring financial security post-retirement. This case exemplifies the importance of considering retirement assets in prenuptial planning.
In another case, a couple utilized a prenuptial agreement to clearly outline the division of their pension plans in the event of a divorce. This strategic approach not only safeguarded their respective retirement funds but also facilitated amicable discussions regarding financial matters, emphasizing the role of communication in such agreements. Such instances underscore the benefits of proactive planning.
Furthermore, a case study involving the incorporation of individual retirement accounts (IRAs) into a prenuptial agreement showcased how couples can customize their arrangements based on their unique financial circumstances. This flexibility allowed the parties to address specific concerns related to retirement savings, demonstrating the versatility of prenuptial agreements in safeguarding assets for the future.
Overall, these case studies demonstrate how the thoughtful integration of retirement accounts into prenuptial agreements can offer couples a structured framework to protect their financial interests and plan for long-term security. By analyzing real-life scenarios, individuals can better understand the practical implications of combining retirement planning with marital agreements, promoting informed decision-making in their own financial planning processes.
Ensuring Long-Term Financial Security Through Thoughtful Retirement and Prenuptial Planning
Planning for long-term financial security through thoughtful retirement and prenuptial arrangements is crucial for safeguarding assets and ensuring future stability. By integrating both retirement accounts and prenuptial agreements, individuals can establish a comprehensive strategy that protects their financial well-being. This proactive approach allows for a clear delineation of assets and potential spousal benefits in the event of divorce or death.
To achieve this goal, individuals should consider the following key steps in their planning process:
- Assessing the current financial landscape and understanding the implications of various retirement savings vehicles.
- Consulting with legal and financial professionals to craft a tailored prenuptial agreement that addresses specific retirement account considerations.
- Regularly reviewing and updating the prenuptial agreement and retirement plans as circumstances change to ensure continued alignment with long-term goals.
By taking a holistic approach to financial planning that incorporates both retirement savings and prenuptial agreements, individuals can proactively safeguard their assets and establish a solid foundation for their future financial security. This comprehensive strategy provides peace of mind and clarity regarding financial matters, enabling individuals to navigate life transitions with confidence and stability.
Including retirement accounts in prenuptial agreements can provide couples with a clear outline of how these assets will be managed in the event of divorce. This proactive approach can help avoid potential conflicts and uncertainties regarding the division of retirement savings, such as IRAs, 401(k) plans, and pension plans, which are common types of retirement accounts that can be addressed in the agreement.
By specifying the treatment of retirement accounts in a prenuptial agreement, couples can establish guidelines for the distribution of these assets, protecting their financial interests and ensuring a fair resolution in case of a marital dissolution. Adhering to legal requirements, such as written documentation, independent legal representation, and a fair and voluntary agreement, is essential to ensure the validity and enforceability of the prenuptial agreement concerning retirement savings.
However, it’s important to acknowledge that prenuptial agreements have limitations and may face challenges regarding retirement accounts. These limitations could include changes in financial circumstances over time, evolving laws, and complexities in valuing and dividing retirement assets. Seeking professional guidance when crafting comprehensive retirement and prenuptial plans can help couples navigate these complexities and safeguard their long-term financial security effectively.
In conclusion, integrating retirement accounts into prenuptial agreements requires careful consideration and professional guidance to ensure comprehensive financial planning. By understanding the legal requirements and challenges involved, individuals can safeguard their long-term financial security through thoughtful retirement and prenuptial planning. Plan wisely for a secure future.
Seeking expert advice and creating tailored strategies can help navigate the complexities associated with merging retirement savings and prenuptial agreements. Establishing a solid foundation through proactive planning empowers individuals to protect their assets and financial well-being, establishing a strong framework for the years ahead. Prioritize informed decisions and proactive planning for a secure financial future. | <urn:uuid:8dbc4739-8747-4593-a002-8080d7e3f1ff> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://familyanddivorcelawyers.com/prenuptial/financial-considerations/retirement-accounts-agreements/ | 2024-04-19T13:23:23Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.932784 | 4,274 |
Liberal reformer Moon Jae-in was sworn in today after winning a snap election to replace impeached President Park Geun-hye. Moon has advocated dialogue with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, in stark contrast to Park’s approach of tough sanctions and aggressive rhetoric.
Speaking at his swearing in ceremony, Moon promised to “resolve the security crisis as soon as possible. Under the right conditions, I will … go to Pyongyang. For peace on the Korean Peninsula, I will do everything that I can do.”
A former special forces soldier and human rights lawyer, Moon came in for criticism during the campaign from hardline conservatives who saw him as weak on North Korea. He has called for a combination of negotiations and economic cooperation alongside military and security measures.
His stance has been compared to the so-called “Sunshine Policy” of the liberal governments of 1998 to 2008. By no coincidence, he was a key adviser to those administrations. During the Sunshine Policy, Seoul actively engaged Pyongyang, which led to closer relations on both sides of the border and saw two South Korean Presidents visit the North Korean capital. However, the approach ultimately failed to halt North Korea’s nuclear weapons program.
Moon, who took office today, is unlikely to get a long honeymoon when it comes to North Korea. Experts have been predicting an imminent nuclear test, North Korea’s sixth, for weeks now, as the country ramps up missile testing and saber rattling. On Sunday, Pyongyang announced it had detained a US citizen on suspicion of “hostile acts” against the regime, days after it accused Seoul and Washington of plotting to assassinate North Korean leader Kim Jong Un using “biochemical weapons.” | <urn:uuid:40cc54d6-0847-46c7-8656-0405ae2c598f> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://familycarefoundation.biz/seouls-policy-on-north-korea-about-to-get-a-major-overhaul/ | 2024-04-19T11:49:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.966347 | 355 |
Hey there foodies! Today, I am excited to share with you my favorite Mutton Biryani recipe. This classic Indian dish is a perfect blend of aromatic spices, tender mutton, and fluffy rice, making it a must-try for any biryani lover. Whether you’re hosting a dinner party or just want to treat yourself to a delicious homemade meal, this recipe is sure to impress. So, get ready to tantalize your taste buds with this mouthwatering Mutton Biryani recipe.
Table of Contents
Many people have a deep affection for Biryani, and I am no exception. Whether it’s chicken, egg, mutton, veg, or fish biryani, I love them all. Everyone has their special recipe for making Biryani. Those who enjoy eating Biryani always explore new ways to prepare it and savour all the different variations. Each city, state, country, or household has its unique style of making this beloved dish.
We’ve included a video link to this Mutton Biryani Recipe to make things easier. We would appreciate it if you could show your support by giving us a star rating. If you have any questions or feedback, please get in touch with us at [email protected].
How to make mutton biryani?
Mutton Biryani Recipe
- bottom vessel
- Big Bottom Vessel of around 2-3 kg
- Pressure Cooker
- Mixer Grinder
- Mixing Bowl
- 750 grams Mutton Cut in medium size
- 750 grams Basmati Rice Soaked in water for 30 mins and drained
- 6 Nos Onions Roughly chopped
- 5-6 Nos Tomatoes Finely chopped
- 3-4 Nos Onions Finely Sliced
- 1.5 tbsp Ginger Garlic Paste
- 3-4 Nos Green Chillies Finely Chopped
- 1 Lemon
- 1 Cup Mint Leaves
- 1/2 Cup Chopped Coriander Leaves
- 1/2 Cup Curd
- 1/2 tbsp Turmeric Powder
- 1.5 tbsp Red Chilly Powder
- 1.5 tbsp Garam masala powder
- Salt as per taste
- 1/2 tbsp Black pepper powder
- Whole Spice – Cloves, Cinnamon Sticks, Green Elachi, Star Anise, Bay Leaf, Black Peppercorns etc
- 4 tbsp Desi Ghee
- Oil for Cooking
- To begin with , We need to first marinate the Mutton with 2 tbsp Curd, 1/2 tbsp Ginger Garlic Paste, Black pepper powder, Garam Masala, Turmeric and Salt
- Mix all the ingredients and let this marination rest for sometime
- Grind the roughly chopped onions in a mixer jar until a fine paste
- Transfer the onion paste to the Biryani vessel without adding Oil and saute it on high flame until all the water from the onion paste is reduced
- Once all the water from onion paste is dried out add 4-5 tbsp of Oil and some whole spices to the onion paste and saute them on low flame until the onion turn golden brown
- While the onion paste is getting sautéed, On another gas we can start frying the sliced onions to crispy brown
- Heat Oil in a Kadhai for deep frying the onions on high flame. Once the oil is hot add the sliced onions and fry them on medium-high flame until they are crispy and brown.
- In the same Oil add the mint leaves (some we can keep for garnishing)
- Fry them on medium flame until crispy and translucent
- By now the onion paste is nicely roasted and golden brown, Time to add the ginger garlic paste and chopped green chillies and saute them until they are aromatic
- Pressure cook the marinated mutton without adding any waterThis step will help us save lots of time as Mutton takes around 45 mins to cook . So meanwhile our biryani masala is getting ready we can pressure cook the mutton for 5-6 whistles.(Do not over cook the mutton , we need to ensure that mutton is cooked 95% rest will be cooked while on Dum.
- Cook the mutton for 5-6 whistles or until the mutton is cooked to perfection, Do not over cook
- Moving back to the biryani masala, The onions and ginger garlic paste has turned aromatic. Now lets add chopped tomatoes and salt, cook on high flame for 5 mins then cover it with a lid and cook it for another 5 mins on low flame until its soft and mushy.
- The cooker has started whistling, Along it to cook for 5-6 whistles and then turn off the heat(Do not open the cooker immediately, wait until it releases all the steam on its own)
- The tomatoes have turned soft and mushy and cooked well.Now we can add all the dry masala – Red Chilly powder, Turmeric and Garam Masala and saute it until aromatic
- In another gas, Heat around 2.5 litres of water in a bottom vessel,Add 2 tbsp Ghee, some whole spices and salt to the water and let it boil on high flame
- Once the water starts boiling add the soaked rice into the boiling water
- Then squeeze one lemon juice and Allow it to cook on high flame for 10-12 mins
- Once the whistle is gone, open the cooker and Mutton has released lots of water/juices
- Now add all the mutton juices to the Biryani Masala and let it cook , This will help in blending all the flavours together
- Then add the mutton pieces and mix it well in the masala
- Along with the mutton pieces add 3/4 part of the crispy fried onions, fried mint leaves and Curd and mix all the ingredients together
- Cover and Cook the mutton in this masala on low heat for 5-10 mins.
- Meanwhile the Rice is cooked to perfection , Around 90% of rice is cooked will be cooked while on Dum
- Transfer the rice into a strainer to drain out all the water away
- Now the Biryani Masala is ready
- Time to layer the drained Rice over the Biryani masala
- Garnish the Biryani with crispy fried onions, chopped coriander leaves and mint leavesThen Sprinkle some garam masala & pour around 2 tbsp of Ghee on the top
- Now to keep it over Dum , Place a thick iron tawa on the gas and keep it on high flame for 5 mins.
- Now place the Biryani Vessel over the Tawa and cover it with a tight lid (You may also place some heavy objects over it to if the lid is not tight)
- Cook it over Dum for 15 mins on the lowest flame
- After 15 mins , Turn off the flame but do not open the lid immediately, Let it stay for 5 mins and then open the lid
- The deliciously tempting Mutton Dum Biryani is ready to be served. | <urn:uuid:fbba5c30-95f7-40f3-9486-c580330385c8> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://famousdishes.in/mutton-biryani-recipe-how-to-make-mutton-biryani/ | 2024-04-19T12:33:13Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.879358 | 1,471 |
No one anticipates encountering a broken window or door panel. And we certainly cannot anticipate the time of year it will happen! If you’re in need of glass repair work for your home or office building, call to talk with one of our associates at Fassezke Glass & Mirror, Inc. We offer affordable repair work with lasting quality and great customer care.
Every glass repair job is unique and requires a different approach. But our team is prepared and experienced with emergency situations and are quick on their feet with boarding up windows or door panels. This quick call to action is to make sure you feel secure and comfortable in your environment while your replacement glass is being processed.
If you live in the Tri-Cities area or beyond and need glass repair, call the experts at Fassezke Glass & Mirror, Inc. Dealing with broken or shattered glass can be difficult if you haven’t dealt with this situation before. However, our professional glass technicians have worked on numerous glass repair jobs and are prepared for any job at any time, and will provide you with the appropriate repair based on industry safety codes. We value your business and look forward to serving you.
- Accept Insurance Glass Repairs
- Board Up – Windows/Door Panels
- Commercial Emergency Repair Services
- Commercial and Residential – Free Estimates | <urn:uuid:a044d185-3c56-4925-bdcb-e13e1e606d37> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fassezkeglass.com/glass/glass-repair/ | 2024-04-19T12:07:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.931993 | 271 |
77 routes · Freeride Skiing · Ski Touring
Sam's is just to skier's left of Nelson's, and the two are very similar. Sam's is a 250 foot shot through the trees that often gets very wind scoured. Because the snow is often very firm in Sam's it can be a good place to check out when avalanche danger is high.
Serious gradient of 30-38 degrees where a real risk of slipping exists.
Best time to visit | <urn:uuid:383d60c9-9c68-40ce-a540-a49db4310ad3> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fatmap.com/discover/route/united-states-of-america/colorado/ski-touring/sam-s/15530 | 2024-04-19T12:31:41Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.942711 | 98 |
In the ever-evolving landscape of digital marketing, salons in Pakistan are recognizing the transformative potential of leveraging Facebook ads to enhance their visibility, attract new clients, and establish a strong online presence.
Facebook, with its extensive user base and sophisticated advertising platform, offers salons a unique opportunity to engage with their target audience in a personalized and impactful way.
In this article, we will explore how Facebook ads can be a game-changer for salons in Pakistan, transforming their marketing strategies and contributing to business growth.
One of the most significant advantages of Facebook advertising for salons in Pakistan is the unparalleled reach offered by the platform. With millions of active users, Facebook provides a vast audience that spans various demographics and regions.
Salons can tailor their ads to specific geographic locations, ensuring that their marketing messages reach the right people in their target communities. This level of reach is unparalleled, allowing salons to connect with a diverse audience and extend their brand visibility beyond traditional marketing channels.
Facebook’s hyper-targeting capabilities empower salons to reach precisely defined audiences based on demographics, interests, and online behaviors. Salons can customize their ads to target individuals who are more likely to be interested in their services, whether it’s haircuts, spa treatments, or beauty enhancements.
This level of precision ensures that marketing efforts are focused on individuals who are not only potential clients but also more likely to convert, optimizing the return on investment (ROI) for the salon.
Visual Storytelling Opportunities:
The beauty industry thrives on visual appeal, and Facebook’s emphasis on visual content aligns perfectly with the nature of salon services. Owners can leverage FB ads for salons to showcase their expertise through visually appealing content, including images and videos of hairstyling, makeup applications, spa treatments, and more. Visual storytelling allows salons to communicate their brand identity, highlight their skilled stylists, and create an immersive online experience that captivates potential clients.
Personalized Engagement with Clients:
Facebook advertising services for salons in Pakistan enable your small business to engage with clients on a personal level, fostering a sense of connection and community. Through targeted ads, salons can share personalized content, promotions, and updates with their audience. This personalized approach helps build stronger relationships with existing clients and encourages repeat business.
Additionally, engaging with clients through comments, messages, and social media interactions enhances the overall customer experience, creating a positive perception of the salon.
Cost-Effective Advertising Solutions:
Compared to traditional advertising methods, Facebook ads offer cost-effective solutions for salons in Pakistan. Salons can set their advertising budgets, control spending, and choose from various ad formats, including image ads, video ads, carousel ads, and more.
This flexibility allows salons with varying budget constraints to optimize their marketing efforts and achieve impactful results without the high costs associated with traditional advertising channels.
Real-Time Campaign Performance Metrics:
Facebook’s advertising platform provides real-time campaign performance metrics, allowing salons to track the impact of their ads and make data-driven decisions. Salons can access insights into reach, engagement, click-through rates, and conversions. This data empowers salon owners and marketers to assess the effectiveness of their campaigns, identify areas for improvement, and refine their strategies to maximize the impact of their marketing initiatives.
Showcasing Expertise and Specializations:
Salons often have unique expertise and specializations that set them apart in the competitive beauty industry. Facebook ads offer a platform for salons in Pakistan to showcase their specific services, whether it’s advanced hairstyling techniques, specialized spa treatments, or the use of premium beauty products. Highlighting these specializations through targeted ads positions the salon as a go-to destination for individuals seeking specific beauty and wellness services.
Driving Appointments and Promotions:
Facebook ads serve as a powerful tool for driving appointments and promoting special promotions or discounts. Salons can create ads that encourage viewers to book appointments directly through the platform, streamlining the appointment booking process. Additionally, promoting limited-time offers, seasonal discounts, or package deals through Facebook ads entices potential clients and encourages them to take advantage of exclusive promotions, driving foot traffic to the salon.
Building a Strong Online Presence:
In today’s digital age, having a strong online presence is essential for the success of any business, including salons. Facebook ads contribute significantly to building and enhancing the online presence of salons in Pakistan. Consistent and strategic use of Facebook ads increases brand visibility, attracts a wider audience, and positions the salon as a reputable and trusted establishment in the beauty and wellness sector.
Staying Ahead in a Digitalized Industry:
Embracing Facebook ads allows salons to stay ahead in a digitalized beauty industry. As more individuals turn to online platforms for beauty recommendations, reviews, and salon discovery, salons that actively engage in digital marketing demonstrate adaptability and forward-thinking.
By aligning with contemporary trends, salons position themselves to meet the evolving expectations of clients in the digital age, staying ahead of competitors who may rely solely on traditional marketing methods. | <urn:uuid:6ec2ec4f-2cee-4f89-ba2f-53c720238c69> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fbads.pk/how-facebook-ads-for-salons-in-pakistan/ | 2024-04-19T11:28:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.917413 | 1,056 |
Beloved Irish writer Marian Keyes pens witty contemporary fiction brimming with heart, humour, and poignant insights. If you’re new to Keyes’ books, deciding where to begin in her extensive catalogue can be tricky. This guide offers the perfect entry points for new Keyes readers based on which themes and plot lines intrigue you most. Learn whether to start with her Walsh family sagas, darkly comic tales or inspiring stories from Marian Keyes’ books.
Read summaries of Marian Keyes’ books across her prolific career. Discover beloved characters you’ll come to cherish and what makes Keyes’ affable writing style shine. With an overview of her ongoing career, see which of her lively books and series will speak to you and tug at your heartstrings.
Explore Literary Feast Of Marian Keyes’ Books Acclaimed Series And Standalone
1. Anybody Out There
Dubliner Anna Walsh, one of five sisters and the fourth in birth order, flees her tumultuous family life for Manhattan in “Anybody Out There”. However, an unexpected inheritance drags her back to confront memories, interfering with relatives and personal secrets. Will Anna manage to reconcile with her past or find a way forward while navigating comical clashes and heartwarming connections within the Walsh clan? Be prepared for a journey filled with joyous laughter, tearful moments as well as sisterly affection in this one of the best Marian Keyes’ books that won the British Book Award. It is ready to transport you directly into Ireland’s pulsating cultural core!
Claire Walsh’s life ruptures like a succulent watermelon on the day she delivers her baby, as her spouse confesses his infidelity and departs. With an infant to raise and a broken heart, Claire returns home to Dublin where she commences on a complex expedition of motherhood, self-exploration, and renewing connections with friends. Amidst tears in moments of hilarity during postpartum hardships involving family uproars and unforeseen romance guarantees plenty of laughter for readers. Marian Keyes’ “Watermelon”, is acclaimed literature that sweetly balances the bitterness; it celebrates unity amongst womenfolk while extolling triumph over adversity through hopefulness at second chances presented by life.
3. Last Chance Saloon
Marian Keyes, winner of multiple awards, immerses us in the lives of the Dillon sisters from Dublin through her book “Last Chance Saloon”. Jess is a successful lawyer whose career and marriage are on the verge of collapse. Jo, known for being wild and carefree has to face an unplanned pregnancy while confronting secrets from her past that have remained buried until now. Meanwhile their menopausal mother Grace battles empty-nest syndrome as well as her desire for new adventures. Amidst the chaos, these strong-willed women encounter moments filled with hilarity whilst dealing with issues such as betrayal, and opportunities for second chances along family ties which can be excruciatingly messy but undeniably beautiful too. Through this journey will they discover themselves again and find peace within Dublin’s lively tapestry?
4. Grown Ups by Marian Keyes
Under the surface of seemingly perfect lives in “Grown Ups”, three brothers and their wives, Casey included, are struggling with unspoken desires and long-held resentments. When a family gathering erupts into chaos, it triggers a chain reaction of deceitful revelations that shatter trust among them all. Johnny- considered to be the ultimate golden boy- faces professional defeat along with marital troubles; Ed -the stoic rock—grapples under pressure as he deals with an illicit attraction; The carefree spirit- confronts his legacy while uncovering old wounds. They must navigate through past hurts resurfacing & painfully honest moments arising if they want to preserve what’s left for future generations. Can this fractured family band together? This is one of the best Marian Keyes’ books that weaves an engrossing tale filled with vulnerability masquerading behind laughter where familial ties will endure their toughest test yet.
5. Rachel’s Holiday (Walsh Family)
Rachel Walsh, aged 27, is struggling to keep up with her lavish lifestyle of designer clothes and nightclub cocktails whilst denying the severity of her addiction. However, when Rachel’s sister sends her off to rehab she is forced into a world of detoxing treatments, soul-searching therapy sessions and communal bathrooms. As Rachel comes face-to-face with heartbreak and attempts to overcome her demons in this institutional environment full of humorous moments; she ponders whether hitting rock bottom will force self-discovery or open doors for unexpected opportunities. Revisit Marian Keyes’ million-copy hit “Rachel’s Holiday” as it celebrates its 25th anniversary edition – experience razor-sharp wit entangled within poignant themes about addiction struggles amidst family chaos resulting in transformative outcomes that are both tear-jerkingly real yet surprisingly uplifting all at once!
Through her perceptive and charming novels, Marian Keyes’s best books unpack serious issues like addiction or grief with fun and compassion. Her relatable characters and witty voice keep you turning pages while thoughtfully exploring relationships, and family and finding inner strength. As an appetizer, try one of the highlighted Marian Keyes’ books here based on your mood or interests to see why Keyes strikes a chord with so many readers. You’ll soon see how her warm, sincere stories entertain and connect us through shared life experiences. To buy Marian Keyes’ books, visit the online store of WHSmith. Besides, for more such informative and insightful blogs, check out our website Feedhour. | <urn:uuid:30f6b19f-db97-4672-bffd-ae8290d0e16b> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://feedhour.com/marian-keyes-books/ | 2024-04-19T12:41:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.929508 | 1,177 |
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.
Tree of Life Yoga Flowy Racerback Tank Top
This is the perfect Soft and Flowy Racerback Tank Top, it’s going be your go to Tank for Yoga
Made from a soft poly-viscose blend in a flattering drapey style. This tank features a scoop neck and a gathered style racerback with Felicita Vibe’s Small Dragonfly printed on the back. | <urn:uuid:a14e0d0c-9de8-4893-a29b-b0d13c68693d> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://felicitavibe.com/product/tree-of-life-yoga-flowy-racerback-tank-top/ | 2024-04-19T11:13:13Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.854165 | 99 |
India, a vibrant and captivating city, welcomes millions of visitors for business, leisure, and entertainment. Surrounded by all this excitement, you can enjoy the company of lovely girls from around the world and make the most of your time here. Let's explore how you can plan an unforgettable date with these incredible girls and fulfill your desires
Are you new to the delightful India of Cheap Escorts services. Let's unravel the details and explore how engaging Cheap Escorts while in India or planning your visit can enhance your experience. What exactly is this service? The key to elevating your companionship and turning up the heat on those steamy nights lies in hiring an Cheap Escorts in India. Our website serves as a beauty directory, where you can browse a curated list of captivating women and select the one (or maybe even two) who instantly captures your heart. But what happens next?
Whether you're on a business trip or exploring the city's wonders, making new friends can be time-consuming and draining. Time is precious, especially when you're here for work. Thankfully, the solution is at your fingertips. You can now access top-notch Cheap Escorts services in India, saving you time and effort. Say goodbye to downloading dating apps, enduring dull conversations, or worrying about scams. All the finest Cheap Escorts in India are conveniently gathered in one place and ready for your companionship.
As one of your favorite and a highly desired independent Cheap Escorts, I understand your wishes. We provide intimate experiences in various appealing settings, enabling you to fulfill your romantic and sensual fantasies with our sexy girls. Real Picture are shown in website, Cheap Escorts starting with sensual oral pleasures before transitioning into passionate intercourse. Get up close to explore my flawless beauty, and you'll be amazed. The smoothness of my legs and the attraction between them will make you feel very happy when we're close in bed.
When you choose an Cheap Escorts in India, you're selecting a hassle-free, enjoyable experience. These professionals are here to provide you with memorable moments, whether it's an engaging conversation over dinner, a night on the town, or simply companionship in the comfort of your space.
Convenience: Forget the complexities of traditional dating. With India Cheap Escorts, you can skip the initial awkwardness and connect with captivating women effortlessly.
Variety: India hosts a diverse range of Cheap Escorts, ensuring you find the perfect companion to match your preferences and desires.
Safety and Trust: Rest assured that all the Cheap Escorts listed here are vetted and reliable, ensuring your safety and peace of mind.
Yes, all the Cheap Escorts listed here are thoroughly vetted to ensure your safety and satisfaction. Can I find Cheap Escorts to match my preferences?
Absolutely! India offers a diverse range of Cheap Escorts, allowing you to find the perfect companion for your desires.
Booking an Cheap Escorts is easy and convenient. Simply browse the listings and choose the girl that appeals to you, then follow the provided booking instructions.
Yes, privacy is our topmost concern when hiring Cheap Escorts within a India.
Last update: 19-04-2024 12:12:54
Age: | 24 |
Measurements: | 162 |
Height: | 57 |
Dress size: | 8 |
Hair Color: | Caramel |
Eye Color: | Brown |
Availability: | Incall, Outcall |
Phone: | +9198******54 |
Tell the girl that you are calling from Femaletopescorts.com to increase your chances of getting a
We don’t recommend to make any pre-payments and deposits.
DURATION | INCALL | OUTCALL |
2 | 25000 | 35000 |
1 | 12000 | 15000 |
Hello my honey. I'm Nami. I'm from Thai.I'm 24 years old . I love taking my sexy body to arouse the most original emotions in you. You will feel great when touching the smooth skin, big breasts, lovely body. My seductive lips will walk on your body, starting with a nuru massage, slowly followed by your flexible tongue that will make you feel uncontrollably happy. I want to give you the latest and greatest feeling you've never experienced from other girls. I live in my own apartment: clean, private, and safe. We will fully enjoy the relaxing moments together. I like to feel and enjoy with you, I'm not the one who pushes and ends quickly. Come to me!?? You will love the feeling of being with me not only once but also wanting more. I am sure of that. You will love me at first sight. ?I provide the service by myself: my photos are real, friendly, private, and enthusiastic. Please call me guys. I will take care and give you a great service when you come to India.?? Hope we will have the earliest appointment.??? Call me or whatsapp by the number on my profile! ???
Notice Regarding Third Party Advertisements: This is an Advertisement and all content is created and provided by the advertiser who is solely responsible for such content including, without limitation, all text, images, and websites. We assume no responsibility or liability for such content or the content or operation of websites that you may link to and visit. We do not endorse, review, or control any websites that are linked to or from an advertisement. Please see Terms and Conditions for additional information about femaletopescorts.com Guide and Ads appearing on our sites.
It is a delight to be with you in India, and I take great satisfaction in being that unique person who goes above and beyond to provide you with the exact experience you are looking for. I am a sen
Hello Gents, i am Nicky your diva, with a friendly and playful personality. You deserve it! If you want exactly what you see then I am the 1 for you, all of my pics are 100% Real, guys, I'm A
People from all over the world visit India for doing business and pleasure. it's a perfect destination for those who are looking for excitement and erotic pleasures.Hiring an India esco
Absolutely gorgeous! Young Inna has star quality. Not only is she gorgeous, but she offers a range of escort services in India which you'll have to experience to believe. Although she's not y
Anywhere India exceptional regions in services: if you are seeking out cute and escort girls to pride yourself self then you've landed at an accurate place. here you get escorts across the gl
I AM ANITA, 22 YEARS OLD FROM India. I am an independent escort who enjoys decency, honesty, cleanliness, humble and discrete men. If you want quality time with me, I do not rush my services
High sexy hot stinging Tanya. I am very beautiful and intelligent. Well as in bed and can support any conversation. I'm a dream that knows how to bring a man pleasure. Her beautiful sports body and
Hello, gentlemen. My name is Nidhi, 30 years old, . If you want to find a happy time in India, please call me. I will make you comfortable and relaxed. If you do not like me it does not matte
My name is Sasha People frequently say that meeting me is like sparking an old friendship, except this buddy is your ideal woman and satisfies all of your sexiest needs.
What makes our escorts in India It's been tried for a few reports that people should carry on with their existence with fun and amusement to amplify th
I'm an escort located in India and from India. I'm only twenty-three years old but I'm a mature and experienced companion that loves to make my clients feel special. Standing at 5'7" with a Regular
Hello, I’m Camila from India, it’s my first time visiting India!!! I’m so excited! I’m very naughty girl with big butt and crazy to make new friends to enjoy g
Hello, gentlemen come to my site I work alone 👉 best service for gentlemen 😋 pussy licking 😘 kissing lips. Sucking no condom 🍆💦💦.shared bath enjoy my best service 😋😋👌💦
Hi boys. I am a very passionate rider of male members. Always active and cheerful. It will not be boring for me, but finish more than once. I have an open mind and am hot and c
Thanks for visiting my profile. They describe me as a nice young lady with a mischievous spirit and a witty sense of humor, you've always caught me smiling because I'm a positive person with
Welcome to my profile, About me, I'm a tall, slender sexy girl, I like to talk to pleasant men, I love sex and a romantic atmosphere, the time spent with me will be hard to forget Me!!😻
Our highly professional, well-maintained, expert, bold, young, talented and experienced escorts have been working here for a long time. Our website has made it easier for you to reach us and
I'm considered unattainable to most men, yet available to those who prefer a warm and meaningful setting with a lady of quality. I pride myself on the ability to cater to affluent gentleman's | <urn:uuid:78bce444-278c-4ca6-9070-2e3820ff53cc> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://femaletopescorts.com/india/cheap-escorts/nami/ | 2024-04-19T12:12:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.930925 | 1,932 |
THE ONLY WAY OF DISCOVERING THE LIMITS
OF THE POSSIBLE IS TO VENTURE
A LITTLE WAY PAST THEM INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE
By gaining experience in the field of computer technology, we have become experts in software development.
As we continue to work in this direction, we aim to improve our skills and knowledge to enhance the quality of people’s live.
Research & development
We are focused on building better services for smart education and expanding opportunities with mobile and desktop software.
We persist in our research to offer quality and affordable education, recognizing that each individual is unique.
Employing the latest technologies in software creation and data processing will enable us to achieve our goals in developing intelligent software.
We also view the effective implementation of AI as a vital tool to enhance our software.
Software development and innovation require collaboration and the sharing of thoughts and concepts with your team and others. I believe that’s how we grow and push boundaries.
Startup CEO | fenls.com | <urn:uuid:efd79e68-4953-455a-a096-ec04a93d6baf> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fenls.com/en/ | 2024-04-19T12:13:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.919406 | 213 |
The story of Vana'diel is rich with love and war, trust and betrayal. However, there is more to the story than what is recorded in the pages of history. In this day, thousands of adventurers roam the land, and each one has countless tales to be told.
This is a place to share those stories.
Contents [hide] | | <urn:uuid:3c9d6649-d5e8-490c-ae47-5f5e687ccc81> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://ffxi.allakhazam.com/wiki/Tales_from_Adventurers | 2024-04-19T13:11:16Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.977247 | 73 |
It is a great way to obtain accustomed to the website as well as have a look at some of the video games without any investment. It can be used your desktop computer, or on your smart device or tablet. It is really uncomplicated to get going as well as participate on the fun; all you need is a web link.
Mr Eco-friendly’s real-time gambling establishment permits you to play table video games like Texas hold’em, Blackjack, Live Roulette, and also Baccarat with specialist live suppliers. You can either select to join a table of other gamers or go one-on-one with the dealership. We have many tables for each and every video game, including Texas Hold ’em, Caribbean Stud Texas hold’em, and special Mr Green branded tables. You will certainly locate that our live online casinos are the closest thing to playing in a traditional gambling enterprise that you will enter the online globe. Genuine cash online gambling enterprises are safeguarded by very advanced protection functions to ensure that the economic as well as individual data of their gamers is kept safely shielded. The legit sites that we provide as the best additionally have a strong credibility for guaranteeing their client information is really risk-free, staying on par with data protection and privacy legislation.
There is, nonetheless, a generous welcome reward on the table for brand-new players, customer support is exceptional, as well as there are lots of financial options. Without a doubt, Europa is just one of one of the most preferred gambling establishment sites in India for Blackjack followers, with the site able to supply more than a couple of variations of the preferred card game. These include 21 Blackjack Charge, Double Activity Blackjack and Blackjack Switch. Yet while PlayOjo focuses on Bingo, there’s also plenty to such as below for slots fans, with Indian players treated to 50 free spins when they develop an account. We additionally like PlayOjo’s tidy interface, its quick withdrawals and wealth of banking choices. Right here, you’ll find a massive choice of video clip texas hold’em and also live dealership games to go alongside all the typical suspects, including Roulette as well as Blackjack.
To establish the position of Indian government, the Supreme Court of India looked for the viewpoint of main federal government hereof however the very same was declined by the central federal government. This has actually made playing of on-line cards games like rummy, online poker, and so on legitimately dangerous. The Canadian criminal code states that only provincial federal governments and also philanthropic organizations licensed by rural governments might operate a gambling enterprise in Canada. It likewise forbids homeowners from taking part in any lotto game plan, the game of chance, or betting activity not qualified or operated by a provincial federal government. In 2010, the British Columbia Lottery Firm launched Canada’s initial legal online casino site, PlayNow, which is offered to citizens of British Columbia. togel online of Quebec additionally operates a lawful online gambling establishment with Loto-Québec.
Manner Ins Which Can Make Budgeting Simple
Although being an Islamic majority, betting in Pakistan is not allowed according to the spiritual practices. There are no precise rules or regulations being made in Pakistan to handle gambling associated circumstances. Still it is not considered as a great practice as well as totally not encouraged by the older generation to their young. Pakistan is a state with rich traditions, culture and a terrific history. It is not uncommon for Pakistani residents to cohabit as large families.
Whats The Difference Between Online Casino And Live Casino Site?
Take a seat at our online tables as well as prepare yourself to discover an on the internet gambling establishment experience like never before. Our thrilling haul of UK online casino video games consists of classic favourites with bold new twists– and also high-paying side bets. Throw in a wide option of leading gambling enterprise table video games and also scratchcards, and you simply could be onto a winner. Free rotates are exactly as the name indicates, rotates that are for free. These perks can include a mix of complimentary rotates and cost-free money.
If you have a site-related concern that needs appropriate resolution, MagicRed has actually put forward the TREATMENT campaign to reveal its dedication towards its consumers. While there’s an online chat as well as e-mail alternative to boot, the absence of a 24/7 support medium could come off as a disadvantage. Using the latest SSL file encryption for economic transactions, Spin Gambling establishment is one betting platform that guarantees protected as well as secure repayments using cards and also eWallets. The site is easy and also easy to browse, so players should not have problem locating their video game of choice. Their online poker video games are very popular, especially if you like competitions. A number of their ports are progressive in nature, yet their pots don’t get to the same excessive elevations that you’ll discover at various other casino sites.
Game Selection – Online gambling establishments are always more fun when there are lots of games to pick from. We wanted to discover online casinos that used a great variety of online casino games, from table games to slot machines, to make sure that there’s something for everybody. Check out famous classics or handle a whole new obstacle with the most effective online casino site games. We have actually got Las vega icons like Baccarat, Keno and Video Casino poker on offer. You can also attempt your hand at Hi-Lo, or roll the dice and also take a chance at the Craps table.
The most current regulation to attend to wagering online was the Federal Information Technology Rules where such prohibited tasks might be blocked by Internet companies within India. It is absolutely as a result of this class, betting has actually become more recognized to the common individuals of the nation currently. Additionally as a result of the reality that there are no correct as well as strong legislations in place to respond to the betting criminal offenses. So, the police have no upright authority regarding place any individual in jail found guilty of gambling. The major debt to raise gambling in Pakistan on a high degree goes to the Pakistan VIP class. They have the best connections with the ideal individuals on federal government seats that matter one of the most in choice making. | <urn:uuid:85e0d957-8f1f-4034-a8ec-320074687276> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fiendthebrand.com/5-importance-online-betting-issues-and-how-to-solve-them/ | 2024-04-19T13:18:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.960033 | 1,292 |
Free Download Google Chrome latest standalone offline installer for macOS. It is a fast and easy-to-use web browser used for accessing the internet and running web-based applications based on the open-source Chromium web browser project.
Overview of Google Chrome for macOS
Google Chrome is one of the most popular web browsers. Whether you're a student, professional, or just a casual internet user, Google Chrome for Mac offers a seamless browsing experience with its robust features, fast performance, and strong security measures.
It will support web applications running alongside other local applications on the computer. Tabs can be put in a web-app mode, where the omnibar and controls will be hidden to allow the user to use the web app without the browser "in the way." Rendering Engine. Chrome uses the WebKit rendering engine on advice from the Gears team because it is simple, memory efficient, functional on embedded devices, and easy to learn for new developers.
Features of Google Chrome for macOS
- Fast Performance: Google Chrome is known for its fast performance, allowing you to load web pages quickly and efficiently, even on slower internet connections. It also has a built-in feature called "Chrome Instant" that predicts and loads web pages in the background, making your browsing experience even faster.
- User-Friendly Interface: It has a clean and intuitive interface, making it easy to navigate and use. Its minimalistic design and simple layout makes it ideal for beginners and experienced users.
- Customization Options: Google Chrome allows you to customize your browsing experience by adding various extensions and themes from the Chrome Web Store. You can personalize your browser with different themes and wallpapers and customize settings according to your preferences.
- Sync Across Devices: If you use Google Chrome on multiple devices, you can sync your bookmarks, history, and settings across all devices using your Google account. This lets you seamlessly switch between your Mac, iPhone, and other devices without losing browsing data.
- Enhanced Security: Advanced security features protect you from malicious websites, malware, and phishing attacks. It has a built-in Safe Browsing feature that warns you about potentially harmful websites, and it automatically updates to the latest security patches to keep your browsing experience safe and secure
Technical Details and System Requirements
- macOS 10.14 or later
- Intel and Apple Silicon processor | <urn:uuid:389aa1ba-67d5-4198-8735-052516911444> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://filecr.com/macos/google-chrome-fo-mac/ | 2024-04-19T11:41:41Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.874035 | 480 |
Tech start-ups like Zoom Video Communications Inc. (NASDAQ: ZM) have had a hard time in 2023, but the story is rapidly changing. Zoom, like others, reported a better-than-expected third quarter, revealing general strength and strength in enterprise business. It's evidence of the ongoing shift to digital and deepening penetration of services that has sustained the business services industry for years.
Because the outlook for tech and tech-centric business services now includes AI, these trends will persist and sustain business for Zoom. As it turns out, Zoom provides utility for companies at scale and has proven to be an effective tool for communications and cost savings. AI-powered tools such as Companion are among the 45 new releases and product offerings issued during the quarter, and they are resonating with users. Wins with companies like Dropbox Inc. (NASDAQ: DBX), Virgin and Amynta Group attest to that.
Zoom Video Communications beats and raises
Zoom Video Communications had a solid quarter with outperformance on the top and bottom lines. The company reported $1.14 billion in net revenue for a gain of 3.6% compared to last year. This is tepid growth but 180 basis points better than expected and compounded by improved profitability. The top-line growth was underpinned by a 7.5% increase in Enterprise business driven by a 13.5% trailing-12-month increase in large customers.
The margin news is better. The company widened the margin at the gross and operating levels to substantially improve the bottom line. GAAP operating margin came in at 14.9%, adjusted at 39.3%, to drive a 66% increase in free cash flow. Free cash flow came in at $453 million, improving the already excellent financial position, with adjusted earnings of $1.29. The $1.29 is up 20% compared to last year and 2000 basis points better than expected.
The best news is the guidance. The company sees its momentum carrying into Q4 and raised the outlook for revenue and earnings. The new ranges are above the high-end of the previous range and well above the consensus figures at the time of the release. The analysts have already begun to raise their estimates for Q4, and the outlook for next year is light. Consensus figures have top-line growth steady near 3% but earnings in contraction, an unlikely event given the trends.
Valuation is no longer a concern for Zoom Video Communications
Valuation was a problem for the Zoom market, but no longer. The 90% decline in share prices has the stock trading at 14x its earnings, with earnings outperforming regularly and guidance on the rise. This plays into the analysts' sentiment, showing the stock at the bottom of its price range.
The analysts' sentiment held steady over the past year at Hold, but the price target fell sharply early in 2023. However, the consensus target bottomed mid-year has been steady since the Q2 earnings release, implying a 25% upside for the stock. More importantly, the low price target of $60 is consistent with the low end of the existing trading range where support is strong. Unless there is some unexpected change in sentiment, the market should continue to consolidate within its range, if not move higher.
The technical outlook: Zoom Video Communications
Zoom Video Communications hit bottom in May and confirmed the bottom recently but remains stuck in a trading range. The floor is near $60, the top near $72.50, and the market is unlikely to break out soon without another catalyst.
The analysts may provide a catalyst if they begin to raise their targets or upgrade sentiment, but there is no evidence yet. As it is, the post-release activity is iffy and suggests a pullback to firm support levels. The market may find support at the 30-day moving average in this scenario. If not, it could retreat to the $60 level, where at least a dead cat bounce should occur. | <urn:uuid:b3e18b7a-7924-4a38-a9ae-d5be6820bb27> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://finance.minyanville.com/minyanville/article/marketbeat-2023-11-21-zoom-video-communications-a-tech-phoenix-ready-to-rise | 2024-04-19T13:40:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.961754 | 810 |
Doctor Anywhere (DA), a regional tech-led healthcare company headquartered in Singapore, announced that it has acquired Catalist-listed Asian Healthcare Specialists , an integrated healthcare provider in Singapore. Asian Healthcare Specialists is a group of 14 medical specialists, with a patient-first
Read MoreIn the face of increasing life expectancy, Singaporeans are confident that personal health and financial technologies will play a critical role in helping them manage their lives, a new study commissioned by Prudential Singapore and conducted by Economist Impact found.
Read MoreThe healthtech Singapore sector has risen consistently over the past years, but the COVID-19 pandemic undeniably accelerated that growth, acting as a catalyst for investment in an already burgeoning sector. In 2021, global healthtech companies raised a record of US$51.3
Read MoreA recently-launched venture capital fund by Philippine-based VC company Core Capital and Malaysia-based VC Gobi Partners made its first two investments in a healthtech startup MariaHealth and an edutech firm called Edukasyon.ph. The VC fund Gobi-Core Philippine Fund (PH Fund)
Read MoreMileslife, an app where users can earn miles from dining and everyday spending, has recently launched their latest initiative – Mileslife Health. The new function rewards users with bonus miles upon completion of activity targets in a bid to motivate
Read MorePrudential announced it has entered into an exclusive partnership agreement with UK-based healthcare technology and services company Babylon Health. Babylon’s artificial intelligence (“AI”) expertise will be made available to existing and new customers of Prudential across Asia marking a step
Read MoreWith healthcare spending at 1.5 percent of Singapore’s gross domestic product a year, , disruptive healthcare startups are shaping the industry. They are also procuring funds from some of the biggest names in venture capital. Just six months ago, Singapore’s | <urn:uuid:7003bd17-649f-423e-b6ba-51c584953f43> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fintechnews.sg/healthtech/ | 2024-04-19T11:36:00Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.940886 | 391 |
Welcome to Five Leaves Bookshop
Regular Opening Hours:
10am to 5.30pm Mon-Sat
Looking for presents? You can use our on-line store to send presents (we’ll even wrap them for you – just make a request in the comments box) Also, do have a look at our Gift Cards and Gift Boxes .
Here’s an introduction to the shop, created by Emily Drummond and friends.
Our current best sellers:
We can order pretty much anything in print, if it’s not already in stock.
We ask mail order customers to pay 10% for postage, minimum £1.00, up to a maximum of £3. Mail order remains post-free for those who are housebound, shielding, on low incomes, or anyone who feels they need help with postage.
We also offer mystery boxes of £50 or £100 of books. You give us a brief, or any exclusions, and we’ll send you a box of books of our choice. We can send them as presents too, including a card.
Email in to [email protected] and we’ll do the rest, letting you know payment options.
Five Leaves is also a publisher – we started that way – and in 2022 we published seven books and five pamphlets. Our dedicated publishing website is at www.fiveleaves.co.uk.
Keep an eye on our events page for details. We have a full, live events programme. Recent highlights included a 200+ audience for the Guardian‘s Marina Hyde, Reading Proud afternoons with LGBT+ writers as well as talks on, well, everything from early women gardeners to a series on the politics of health. Recently, with the Quakers, we organised a half day school on faith and racial justice.
We also ran online events with writers from UNESCO cities of literature Nanjing, Seattle, Quebec, Jakarta and, twice, Lviv. These can be viewed on our online channel.
Five Leaves Art Gallery: In September 2022, Five Leaves Bookshop started its (online) journey around the world’s UNESCO Cities of Literature with a visit to Québec City. One of the cities on the tour was Nanjing in China, where Shreya Sen-Handley met Ding Jie. Both writers are multi-talented – Shreya has written in many formats including memoir, poetry, fiction, plays, opera, and journalism. She has also illustrated children’s books. Ding Jie is not only a novelist, but he is also a fine artist. We have featured some of their artwork in the new Five Leaves Art Gallery.
Covid and events: We have installed a new fresh air ventilation system over the shop floor which changes the air several times an hour. Masks and sanitiser are available near the till if you wish to use them.
The approach and doorway to our shop is level access. Wheelchairs and motorised wheelchairs can reach most parts of the shop. Staff are always happy to pull down items from high shelves. Our toilet is also accessible but only usable at events (there is a public toilet in the next alley to us). Mail order is post-free to those who are housebound or shielding.
One of the few independents to open in any UK city centre this century.
Find us opposite Nottingham Tourism centre – see map on the right. Located in the centre of Nottingham, we specialise in: Cityscape and Landscape, Politics, Fiction and Poetry, LGBTQ+, Counterculture, international writing and we stock many magazines and journals. We have had a Black Writing/Black Lives section since we opened. Our children’s books focus on diversity.
Five Leaves Bookshop set up a national Feminist Book Fortnight for 2018, which included many writers, publishers and about fifty independent bookshops in Britain, Ireland and Italy. Feminist Book Fortnight returned, post-COVID, in 2022 and we have now passed it to other booksellers. More here: https://feministbookfortnight.wordpress.com/
We have been regional finalists for the British Book Awards, Independent Bookshop of the Year eight years in a row, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023. In 2018, 2019 and 2021 we won the Midlands section, in 2018 going forward to win the national final as Independent Bookshop of the Year. This year our fellow regional shortlist members are Burway Books, The Rabbit Hole in Brigg and Wonderland in Retford.
In 2019 we won a Nottingham Rainbow Heritage Award for our support for LGBT+ communities in the city.
In 2022 we won a Nottingham Windrush Award for our support for Black writers.
We also stock:
A wide variety of greetings cards and post cards, Book Tokens and our own Bookshop vouchers. Leading up to Christmas we sell Radical Tea Towels, mugs, the odd set of owls and a flock of literary ducks (or whatever is in this year), diaries, calendars, left wing bric-a-brac.
We have many events planned in the shop and online over the next few months. Please check the events section for regular updates.
We can order any book in print, Most books arrive within 24-48 hours. Books can be ordered in the shop, by phone or by email with payment only on collection. Orders from the USA take a few days longer.
We offer 15% discount to book groups ordering four or more of a title, collected together or individually. Such orders can be monthly or occasionally. We welcome visit buys or more regular orders from institutions.
We can provide bookstalls at conferences and events, not just in Nottingham.
Five Leaves is also a publisher – see our list at www.fiveleaves.co.uk.
Working at Five Leaves:
Unfortunately we are not able to offer opportunities for work experience or internships. Our rare job vacancies are advertised in our emailed newsletter and on social media.
Stocking your book(s) :
We welcome approaches from publishers, but rarely stock self-published material. Approaches should be by email, please.
We are Five Leaves Bookshop, 14a Long Row, Nottingham NG1 2DH, [email protected], 0115 8373097. Our data protection officer is Jane Anger. We collect your personal data to help us order/deliver your purchases. We use your data to fulfil a contract with you or to send you information when you sign up for our mailing list or social media postings. No information is shared with outside parties. We collect customer names and contact details with your consent when we order books for you or when you sign up for our mailings. You have a right to see any information held about you, and to withdraw consent for us to hold this information by, for example, asking to unsubscribe from our mailing list. | <urn:uuid:12225de5-b2aa-4c7b-ae9a-a0f9881b5248> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fiveleavesbookshop.co.uk/ | 2024-04-19T12:25:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.944007 | 1,434 |
Multi-awardwinning Hannah Gadsby transformed comedy with her show Nanette, even as she declared that she was quitting stand-up. Now, she takes us through the defining moments in her life that led to the creation of Nanette and her powerful decision to tell the truth – no matter the cost.
Gadsby’s unique stand-up special Nanette was a viral success that left audiences captivated by her blistering honesty and her ability to create both tension and laughter in a single moment. But while her worldwide fame might have looked like an overnight sensation, her path from open mic to the global stage was hard-fought and anything but linear.
Ten Steps to Nanette traces Gadsby’s growth as a queer person from Tasmania – where homosexuality was illegal until 1997 – to her ever-evolving relationship with comedy, to her struggle with adult diagnoses of autism and ADHD, and finally to the backbone of Nanette – the renouncement of self-deprecation, the rejection of misogyny, and the moral significance of truth-telling.
Equal parts harrowing and hilarious, Ten Steps to Nanette continues Gadsby’s tradition of confounding expectations and norms, properly introducing us to one of the most explosive, formative voices of our time.
Postage is calculated at 10% of your order value, minimum £1.00, up to a maximum of £3.00. There is a free postage option at checkout if you are housebound/shielding, on low income, or need help with postage costs for any other reason. Your order will usually arrive within 2-3 working days. | <urn:uuid:bb95e871-08d5-4fc4-bdb9-6b16830e1718> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fiveleavesbookshop.co.uk/product/ten-steps-to-nanette-a-memoir-situation-2/ | 2024-04-19T13:03:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.957268 | 337 |
It is crucial to share reviews on numerous websites However, not all reviews will affect the company as well as potential clients. Writing reviews in a straightforward manner will more likely garner positive responses. Be specific when reviewing a company and specify the services they provide. For instance, many people seek out full-service movers and that means they’ll handle packing, unpacking, and even putting boxes into the correct place. local move moving companies
If you are writing an moving review, ensure to include all the relevant information, including your date of arrival and time that you were notified of the arriving time for movers and whether you were provided with packing or unpacking aid, and how many employees took care of your belongings. It is important to note the condition of the goods that they move in addition to any damages that were incurred during transportation. Also, you should discuss the total costs that you paid for. It’s a good idea to keep in mind that your report will help the business improve over time.
The report should also contain details on the company’s skills level and the equipment. The review should also mention whether the vehicles are secure and well-maintained. If you have questions about a particular moving company’s efficiency You can inquire with an customer about any ongoing problems they’ve encountered. Make sure you include information on their quality packing services that the business offers. If you’re looking to hire an packing service then you might want to know what the products used are of good quality and what the movers were polite and thorough.
A great moving company review should be frank and honest. People believe reviews and take the recommendations into account when making their choice. Be sure to stay clear of spelling and grammar mistakes since they can take away from the quality of your review. Making mistakes can leave readers in doubt about your review. Should your moving company is unprofessional, you may also find out about them via Google maps. For long distance moves, look for an authentic warehouse.
A reputable moving company will provide references upon inquiry. These could be past customers, professional organizations, or insurance agents. You may also reach out to previous customers of the company to verify its credibility. Check out customer reviews to make an educated choice from the information. If you are able, speak with various moving companies before selecting one. If you have any doubts then don’t be afraid to call several of them directly to discuss your alternatives. Remember, the first impression matters choosing the best moving company can ensure that you’re happy and safe with you new move.
Moving reviews are an excellent source of information when selecting an moving company. If you find that the moving company you choose has been able to provide excellent services for its customers, you’ll find a fair review on their website. A great moving review can inform prospective clients why the previous clients are pleased with the services. A bad moving review can discourage people against hiring companies that take advantage of their clients. And since moving is stressful The best way to safeguard yourself is to read reviews on moving companies. | <urn:uuid:84080fa3-58b3-4ef6-a578-9ea585173e6e> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://flatfeemovers.com/how-to-review-a-moving-company/ | 2024-04-19T11:59:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.963298 | 625 |
When moving within the United States, selecting the most reliable long distance mover is crucial to your relocation success. While the majority of long distance moving companies are reliable, it is important to take care not to be victimized by scammers and rogue movers. Many times, scammers will keep your property hostage for the purpose of obtaining additional charges. To avoid this kind of situation, ensure that you employ a long distance moving company that adheres to these essential guidelines. In this way, you will be certain that you’re receiving the top service that is possible. long distance house movers
When selecting a long distance moving company, be sure to inquire if they offer free on-site surveys. This will give you a opportunity to address any burning questions and gain an understanding of their prices. Ask about extra fees and services, and be mentally prepared to pay for the services. This will help you ensure you don’t get ripped off by a company that has a lower price. If you’re unsure about this, don’t be afraid to speak to at least a few moving companies before settling on one.
Before you decide on a long distance mover, be sure to check out the reviews and references of reviews of past clients. Even if you don’t know anyone personally, it’s still possible to ask for referrals from friends or colleagues. There is also the option of reading online reviews about moving companies to compare services against one another. A professional long distance mover is likely to have a great reputation and many satisfied customers. Be sure to keep reference lists that are thorough and never trust anyone without adequate checks.
In the event that are moving between states the use of hiring a long distance mover is an ideal option. Not only will they help make your relocation considerably easier as well, but they’ll make your belongings more secure and secure. The services of a long distance mover will ensure that your belongings arrive at their new home in one piece, and you’ll be able to rest in mind knowing they’re in good hands. If you’re uncertain about how to locate a long distance moving company, you could always look through the forums on the internet and ask family members and friends for recommendations.
Long-distance movers are more expensive than local ones however, they’re certainly worth the additional expense. Long-distance moves typically involve moving up to 100 miles from your home, and many companies charge a high price in exchange for the service. You may also investigate the reputation of the firm you pick by contacting various companies who specialize in long-distance moves. They might have better reviews than you do however you’ll need to research.
If you’re deciding on an long distance mover, don’t forget to leave a tip for them. It is the practical way to express your appreciation for their hard work. You can tip an long distance mover per hour or even bringing a cooler full of beverages. Inquire with your long-distance moving company how much you should pay each team member, and be sure that it’s not already included in the quote. In this way, you’ll be guaranteed to find the most reliable long-distance mover for the lowest price. | <urn:uuid:f18b65f4-5ee2-4165-8785-464cc39c85d6> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://flatfeemovers.com/how-to-select-an-long-distance-mover/ | 2024-04-19T11:07:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.954086 | 669 |
Garage Floor Tiles
Transform your space today with Australia's leading high strength modular floor tiles.
“Australia’s Best Multi-Purpose Ribbed Modular Floor Tile 2022”
“Australia’s Best Multi-Purpose Ribbed Modular Floor Tile 2023”
Just got my garage done and i'm very pleased with the work done! would 100% recommend them to anyone needing some floor done by them 🙂
Highly recommend this flooring and company. The customer service rep was extremely pleasant and knowledgeable. My entire purchase was completed in under 15 mins via online chat...
Great service, with prompt delivery...Took around 3hrs to lay 210x Tiles, with the Back and Side Tiles to Cut to Size/Fit.
My new garage floor looks amazing with the tiles in grey with a black border! looks amazing. Thanks to the team at Flexspec!
Thanks Flexspec great communication and product easy to install and special thanks to Chris top bloke very helpful cheers I recommend this product and if can’t install yourself you can the get the team to install
Amazing customer service and great products and professional installation! Not to forget the honest advise! The transformation was amazing!
Shop Australia's Largest Range
With a full range of colours for;
Australian Garages, Deckings, Patios, Pool Deckings and more. Fully Compatible Interlocking Systems. Unlimited Design Possibilities
PP Heavy Duty Floor Tiles
Each PP tile is made to interlock with one another for added customisation of your space!
PVC Heavy Duty Floor Tiles
Each PVC tile is made to interlock with one another for added customisation of your space!
Cleaning & Maintenance *NEW
Cutting-edge cleaning solutions for effortless maintenance, ensuring pristine floors with a polished finish.
Own it now, pay later
Explore the Benefits.
GridFlex Pro / 20+ Colours Available
Price Beat Guarantee
If you find a cheaper price online or in-store for an identical or comparable product, we’ll beat it! Simply show the lower price, including any freight or other charges, to one of our team via online chat, and we’ll beat it. *Price beat is not available against our own authorised dealers/distributers.
Unsure if a product qualifies for our price beat guarantee? Follow the guidelines below or see our complete terms here
The product must be equivalent or identical in quality, colour, size and model.
The price must be the final in AUD, include shipping, taxes and any other charges. Doesn't include clearance or closing down sales.
The product must be immediately available to be purchased and delivered within 14 days.
Enter Your Details
And one of our friendly staff will be in touch!
See our recent article on price/quality
*Please be aware of inexpensive imitations, asserting a specific standard but utilising substandard clips, materials, or applying spray-on UV stabilisers instead of mixed. Read more
Highest quality guaranteed with years of experience and 25 years Australian Warranty. Designed for Australia and made to withstand extreme and adverse conditions making it the premium choice. Our exclusive and functional flooring solution is designed specifically to suit the needs of a wide variety of commercial and residential spaces.
Flexspec warrants our products to be free of all defects in material for from date of original purchase, as long as it is operated and maintained according to Flexspec installation instructions. This warranty extends to the original buyer ONLY with original purchase receipt. Flexspec will repair or replace, free of charge, any part proving defective in material.
All expenses related to replacing or repairing the defective product/tile(s) under this warranty shall be assumed by Flexspec.
Our warranty also applies if you purchase from one of our authorised distributors and dealers. View them here
Please note: we are aware of some companies or individuals that purchase tiles from us and resell them at a higher price and/or rebranding our tiles. Please be aware that when purchasing from a non-approved distributor/dealer you must deal directly with them for any warranty claims.
Things to note before purchasing from a non-approved distributor/dealer
Ensure that the company you choose has the capacity to handle future claims before making a decision. While companies or individuals may offer warranties and reassurance, they may not be operational in the coming years to honour their commitments. Please note: Warranty only applies to direct purchases or those made through our authorised distributors/dealers. If purchasing from a non approved dealer/distributor we cannot be held responsible for any issues that arise. For further details, please don’t hesitate to get in touch.
Fake products are those that are counterfeit or imitation versions of our tiles and legitimate products, designed to deceive unsuspecting buyers into purchasing them. We highly recommend only purchasing from our authorised dealers, as occasionally, others have tried to replicate our product and produced an inexpensive imitation, asserting a specific standard but utilising substandard clips, materials, or applying spray-on UV stabilisers instead of mixed. We highly recommend doing your research to avoid issues in the future. Read more
Limitation of Damages
In no event shall Flexspec be liable for consequential damages for breach of this warranty.
For more information please contact us at [email protected]
See what makes Flexspec Australia’s #1 Choice – View Price / Quality Comparison.
Multiple Design Options
Take it With You
Lower Lifetime Costs.
Little maintenance requirements.
Safe & easy DIY.
Climate & heavy loads.
25 Years Warranty
Lifetime warranty on stains.
We've partnered with one of Australia's most iconic brands!
Totalling 1392m2 @ 8,700+ tiles - Stay Tuned!
Latest Articles & Posts
Learn design ideas & more by visiting our blog | <urn:uuid:fc12f519-a0a7-46d3-873b-c9febc571870> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://flexspec.com.au/ | 2024-04-19T11:16:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.918916 | 1,218 |
Florida Giant Dog Rescue is a nonprofit that focuses on rescuing, rehoming, and reducing the number of gentle giant dogs in need with commitment, compassion, and community engagement.
We have rescued over 400 giant dogs since 2019.
Our team is made up of 5 women with full-time careers, who dedicate their time and resources to helping these giants get out of often negative situations and instead get the help, healing, and homes they need.
Florida Giant Dog Rescue operates 100% on donations and grants. If you would like to donate, foster, or fundraise for us, please click below. | <urn:uuid:4d610306-e643-4cdd-bac4-47fa4c4f7f77> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://flgdr.org/about/ | 2024-04-19T12:08:44Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.958153 | 122 |
In the heart of our business is good customer service relationship. Our rule of thumb in this relationship is that every customer deserves the best attention and all customers are treated with the equal amount of respect.
We understand it is a privilege there are customers who are willing to spend their money with us and therefore, their utmost satisfaction is our first priority.
This is why we offer 24 hour support for all our customers. And when we make mistakes, we are ready to learn through the Feedback we get from customers. | <urn:uuid:7b47f09a-25c2-430c-9d85-0dbe4747e588> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://flymymall.com/pages/customer-care | 2024-04-19T12:45:30Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.970586 | 102 |
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome Defined
Mast cells are part of the immune system. They are white blood cells which are located in the parts of the body that deal with the outside world such as the gut, lungs, and skin. For someone with MCAS, the mast cells are overactive and release chemicals that cause allergy like symptoms in the body such as diarrhea, wheezing/trouble breathing, and itchy skin.
The difficulty with MCAS is the people with MCAS are very reactive and they may react to whatever medication or supplement they get.
MCAS Case Study
She realized how much EMF affected her when the power went out in her neighborhood for 8 hours and she felt 50% better with the power outage. Unfortunately the power came back on and she had to deal with the EMF by fixing her body and environment with my help.
Treating MCAS Holistically
Treating the mast cells is the most important thing to do for a person with MCAS. If the mast cells are reactive then it will be very difficult for things to be tolerated. How can a person get treated if they can’t tolerate any medication or supplement? Different treatments can be tried, but if the mast cells aren’t calmed down, the body won’t take the treatment and the treatment will have been wasted.
Everyone who has MCAS does not have the same symptoms as they have different issues causing their MCAS. Because of that, every person with MCAS will be treated differently. They will be on different supplements/medications to calm the mast cells and then they will be on different treatments depending on what the underlying issues for their mast cells are.
Every person is individual and their MCAS is individual as well.
The challenges for people with MCAS are multiple but can be dealt with. People have to realize that they may have MCAS if they have symptoms that are not able to be diagnosed.
They have to get put on a med/supplement that calms the mast cells – that may be baicalin or it may be allergy meds such as loratadine, cetrizine or cromolyn.
They should check if they are EMF-sensitive as that is commonly seen when mast cells are activated. They should catalogue all their symptoms so a healthcare provider can go over their symptoms and figure out what underlying issues they have that set off the MCAS.
MCAS is a complex medical issue but we are getting better at treating it. Calming the mast cell is the first step to making MCAS better. Then different treatments can be done depending on what is going on.
Treatments can be related to food choices, the environment, underlying infection, as well as genetics.
Thank you for joining me in exploring how MCAS can be treated holistically. I hope that you found this info helpful, and wish you the best on your journey towards optimal health.
If you are looking for more support, I would be happy to help you with integrative medical services that can help you toward more wellness. Best of Health to you!
If you’re an existing patient, you can contact me via the Charm portal.
To your health!
Dr. Richard Chen
Focused Wellness Author,
A New Way to Health: Wheel of Health
Buy the book on Amazon | <urn:uuid:6cb829fb-21d7-42db-ae8e-9d325cdbc7e5> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://focusedwellness.net/2023/02/holistic-treatment-for-mast-cell-activation-taking-control-of-your-health/ | 2024-04-19T11:36:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.972384 | 691 |
Source: averie woodard / Unsplash
Although everyone wants a happy life, a good many people spend most of their time being unhappy. They’re stuck in jobs they dislike, relationships they resent, holding grudges that weigh them down, and swept up on a life course they never expected.
They become unhappier with the passage of each year.
Perhaps you can sympathize. After all, nearly all of us have had times when life was headed in the wrong direction, and happiness was about as easy to find as an honest bio on Bumble.
When stuck in this rut, many people are confused about how to make things better.
The root cause of this confusion is often due to their embracing the idea that happiness is found by satisfying one’s most immediate desires.
More money, different sex partners, approval by others, greater personal freedom, a larger home, a nicer car… the list goes on. “If only I succeed at fulfilling these longings, then I’ll be happy.”
None of these desires lead to lasting happiness when they are pursued as ends in themselves.
Something more is needed. Much more.
What is that? A meaningful life. A sense of purpose for your life. When wealth, freedom, influence, and other pleasures are divorced from a greater purpose in life, the happiness they bring is fleeting.
This has been preached by theologians for centuries, and supported by research over the past decade or more.
When the daily pleasures of life are experienced within the larger sense of a purpose-filled life, happiness becomes what we might call “sticky.”
You want sticky happiness. Let’s take a brief look at how this works so you can see why it’s important, and then look at how to make some changes in your life that will lead you in the right direction.
How You Grow Your Happiness Makes A Difference
Both pleasurable activities and meaningful activities give rise to happiness.
But happiness derived solely from pleasure has shallow roots. The frustrations and setbacks of each day easily diminish the sense of reward.
Happiness derived from living a meaningful life has deeper roots. It is not easily changed by momentary ups and downs. Moreover, research shows that happiness built from being engaged in a purpose-driven life enhances the chances of succeeding in other areas of life as well.
The ancient Greeks referred to this type of happiness as eudaimonia.
It cannot be built through efforts aimed at the acquisition of worldly objects. Instead, its foundation is built on wisely using one’s gifts and abilities to advance the good. This approach to life is one that Socrates talked about extensively in Plato’s dialogues.
The opposite of eudaimonic happiness is hedonistic happiness. There are many forms of hedonism, but no matter the specific form, hedonism attempts to build a happy life by maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain.
These are polar opposites: seeking a meaningful purpose-driven life versus the tenacious search to maximize pleasure.
One brings delayed rewards, the other immediate pleasures. One is difficult to pursue, the other very straightforward. The first brings deep happiness, the second brings momentary enjoyment.
One barrier to pursuing sticky happiness is the push from our modern culture to follow the hedonistic path. This is a ubiquitous message that can be found in media, sports, and entertainment.
Another barrier to pursuing sticky happiness is the difficulty many have in discerning what the higher “purpose” of their life might be. Those who belong to a community of faith generally find this much easier to identify as compared to their secular counterparts.
But even within communities of faith, many struggle with this question. Very often this is because they have not yet learned how to use their unique talents and interests in ways that advance the good (the Socratic approach).
What’s more, fully using one’s abilities very often involves significant pain and a sense of privation, at least in the short term. This is a challenge.
Even those born with a wellspring of musical talent, for example, will still need to devote thousands of hours of practice to master their craft.
These hours of practice will require discipline, time away from family, friends, and pleasurable activities. The road to excellence is built on the altar upon which immediate pleasures have been sacrificed.
Tenacity and grit are put to the test. But eventually, these efforts result in the full expression of the musician’s innate abilities and the creation of sublime music. In turn, this leads to a sense of deeply rooted happiness.
Persistent effort directed at achieving a meaningful goal (usually involving the forestalling of immediate pleasures) leads to deeper and longer-lasting happiness than pleasure-directed behavior focused on immediate gratification.
How to Use These Insights to Build a Deeply Rooted Happy Life
Traveling toward a specific destination requires understanding what path you should follow. The journey to a deeply happy life is no different. Below I discuss two simple steps that will get you started.
The first step is to become clear about what deeply matters to you. Not what makes you happy in the moment, but what brings you satisfaction or joy over the long run.
These memories will, obviously, be different for each person. For some, they may be camping trips wherein you taught children how to fish or pitch a tent. For others, they may be days in college when you met with fellow students and excitedly discussed new ideas. A church-sponsored mission trip to build homes in a third-world country. A summer spent backpacking through Europe. An art class where your creativity was experienced more fully than ever before.
Whatever the memory, it is likely to reflect an important part of what makes you feel deeply happy (eudaimonic happiness). That’s why it can still evoke these feelings years later.
Then ask if you have other memories of a similar kind. If the answer is “yes,” then it’s very likely you’ve found a path toward deeper happiness.
The second step is to consider how you can regularly introduce similar activities into your current life.
The person with memories of building homes in Third World countries might sign up for another mission trip. But if the memory was meaningful primarily for having helped others (rather than being engaged in building something) they may also decide to volunteer at the local soup kitchen.
The person whose memories focused on teaching children how to fish and pitch a tent might do well to put a similar effort into teaching his (or her) grandchildren these skills. No grandchildren yet? Then offering free classes for the local Parks and Recreation might be the answer.
No matter what memories you discover linked to purpose-driven happiness, the approach is the same. How can you take the elements that make that memory so meaningful (altruism, teaching the next generation, sharing your gift of creativity, etc.) and employ them in your life now?
To become deeply happy you must focus your efforts on living a meaningful purpose-driven life. This is often difficult. It requires sustained effort and sacrifice. But the longer you apply yourself to the task the more it becomes a part of the fabric of life, and with it, a profound sense of well-being. | <urn:uuid:fdd0a388-df89-4e54-a12a-8563244e4c6f> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fogdawn.com/2023/11/17/finding-your-way-to-a-happy-life/ | 2024-04-19T12:09:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.962904 | 1,509 |
On May 2nd the Fonthill Lions celebrate their 70th anniversary. Lion Fred Arbour with guest speaker, Lion Terry Graham from Newcastle Lions Club.
Fonthill president, Lion Brian Buchanan, Lion Jean Graham holding Gambler and guest speaker Lion Terry Graham.
On April 21st, Lions held their Agriculture Night. Lion Fred Arbour making a presentation to guest speaker, Jerry Winnicki | <urn:uuid:fcb476b3-ed96-4b08-a281-78509ab70849> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fonthilllions.ca/agriculture-night-70th-anniversary/ | 2024-04-19T11:21:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.911941 | 83 |
Stone Soup The Easiest Shrimp Tacos with Sesame Slaw January 12, 2022 Brynn McDowell These easy Shrimp Tacos are packed with flavor and served with a quick sesame slaw that make a perfect meal any night of the week.
Stone Soup Spiced Carrot and Lentil Soup January 5, 2022 Julie Andrews This spiced carrot and lentil soup will warm you up on the coldest of winter days!
Student Scoop Banana Bread Oats Recipe December 22, 2021 Huma Chaudhry Comfort in a bowl, this banana bread oatmeal brings warmth and coziness to your chilly winter mornings.
From the Magazine Cozy Comfort Food December 16, 2021 Food & Nutrition Magazine With colder weather settling in, it’s time for dishes that warm the heart and comfort the soul.
From the Magazine Pumpkin Coconut Curry December 16, 2021 Leanne Ray A seasonal twist on comforting red curry is studded with vibrant and crisp vegetables, lean chicken breast and warm spices.
From the Magazine Savory Penne with Lentils and Kale December 16, 2021 Melissa Altman-Traub A nourishing vegan meal is made in one skillet for a quick weeknight supper.
From the Magazine Sweet Breakfast Couscous December 16, 2021 Beryl Krinsky Sweet and flavorful fruit is combined with couscous, pumpkin seeds and maple syrup for a quick and easy breakfast.
From the Magazine Colorful Couscous Salad December 16, 2021 Mackenzie Burgess Couscous becomes a salad when mixed with colorful vegetables and tossed in a lemon thyme vinaigrette.
Stone Soup Squash Soup December 8, 2021 Christie Gagnon Sweater weather is here! What better time to cozy up with a bowl of homemade soup?
Stone Soup Apple Pumpkin Muffins with Streusel Topping December 1, 2021 Rachel Mariano Full of fall and winter flavors, these muffins are so moist and the perfect texture.
Stone Soup Air Fryer Apple Chips with Chocolate Tahini Dip November 19, 2021 Anne Danahy Tired of the same old chips and dip? Surprise everyone’s taste buds with Air Fryer Apple Chips and Chocolate Tahini Dip.
Stone Soup Warm and Hearty Cinnamon Apple Baked Oatmeal November 17, 2021 Brynn McDowell Hearty rolled oats and warm spices like cinnamon and nutmeg, combine with crisp apples in this Baked Oatmeal dish. Perfect for chilly fall mornings or even a fall snack or dessert.
Student Scoop Heart-Healthy Smoothie November 11, 2021 Cristina Laudisio If you’re looking for a delicious and quick snack, this refreshing smoothie is the perfect option for you!
Stone Soup Roasted Harvest Salad with Honey-Garlic Dressing November 10, 2021 Huma Chaudhry When the air turns cooler, I love bringing warmth and comfort to my home with seasonal dishes like this Roasted Harvest Salad with Honey-Garlic Dressing.
Stone Soup Veggie Quinoa Taco Bake November 5, 2021 Jen Plaggemars This quinoa bake is a combo of fresh veggies and pantry ingredients.
Stone Soup Pumpkin Pie Chickpea Dip with Cinnamon Pita Chips November 3, 2021 Julie Andrews Feast your eyes on fall’s best appetizer or snack — pumpkin pie hummus with cinnamon pita chips.
Stone Soup Gnocchi with Pumpkin Thyme Sauce October 29, 2021 Christie Gagnon This recipe uses pre-made gnocchi, which are shelf-stable and take only 3 to 5 minutes to cook. Dress them up with your favorite sauce and serve with vegetables for a healthy meal.
Stone Soup Pumpkin Cornbread October 27, 2021 Rachel Mariano All things pumpkin are here, including pumpkin cornbread — the perfect addition to your chili (or pumpkin chili, of course)!
Stone Soup Creamy Taco Soup October 22, 2021 Andrea Mathis This Creamy Taco Soup recipe is loaded with veggies, lean ground beef and flavorful spices! It’s super easy to make and comes together perfectly in your slow cooker.
Stone Soup Two-Ingredient Hot Honey October 15, 2021 Anne Danahy Hot honey is a versatile condiment with the perfect blend of sweet and hot. It’s ridiculously easy to make and so good to drizzle on everything. | <urn:uuid:8557dacb-3182-4b5c-b981-1186f08a172e> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://foodandnutrition.org/tag/recipes/page/2/ | 2024-04-19T11:10:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.878948 | 880 |
Whether it is unwrapping that golden Ferrero Rocher wrapper or shaking that container of Tic Tac, Ferrero has delighted candy fans with a wide variety of sweet offerings. During the Sweets and Snacks Expo, the new Ferrero candy revealed innovations that will have people craving another taste of these delicious confections.
For many people, candy is more than just satisfying a craving. It is part of a celebration, can be a taste of nostalgia or just brings that moment of happy to any day.
While many people might recall the iconic phrases of don’t lay a finger on my Butterfinger or cannot have pancakes without a little Nutella topping, those familiar products can evolve in exciting ways. Without losing that element which makes them special, the new Ferrero candy products are reason to see those favorite flavors in a whole new light.
As Jim Klein, Chief Customer Officer, Ferrero U.S. said, “The innovations we’re unveiling at this year’s Sweets & Snacks Expo will excite and attract new consumers, as well as expand our power brands into new categories and consumption moments. Launching impactful innovations and building strong customer partnerships will continue to deliver category growth and drive our success in the US.”
Here are the new Ferrero candy innovations for 2022.
While many Europeans love Nutella B-Ready, the product now comes to the U.S. market. The individually wrapped snack bar is a crispy baked wafter with the always delicious creamy hazelnut Nutella spread.
This new candy offering satisfies to the on-the-go snacking option. Even though Nutella can go on almost anything, the Nutella B-Ready makes enjoying it more convenient.
Ferrero Rocher Premium Chocolate Bars
As the golden wrapper reveals that Ferrero Rocher, everyone knows that there is something special to be enjoyed. With the Ferrero Rocher Premium Chocolate Bars, the flavors are presented in a new way.
Each bite has the crunchy hazelnut pieces that everyone loves. Contrasting the texture is the creamy filling and luscious chocolate. With four flavors, it can be hard to pick a favorite.
Golden Gallery Signature Caramel
Caramel and chocolate have long been a favorite with candy fans. The new Golden Gallery collection highlights that classic combination.
Similar to the other signature collections, the Golden Gallery Signature Caramel will make a delightful gift or just a special present to yourself. And, it might be time to think about those wine and coffee pairings with this new Ferrero candy offering.
Kinder Joy Space & Kinder Joy Avatar
Whether it is people living on the Space Coast or an affinity for exploring the great beyond, space themed food is taking over the shelves. The latest Kinder Joy offerings are looking to the cosmos with its toys. And, later this year, Avatar will be featured in the candy and toy treat.
Tic Tac Strawberry & Cream
While everyone enjoys shaking up a Tic Tac container, the latest flavor continues the fruit-forward story. Although Orange might always be a top flavor choice, the new Tic Tac Strawberry and Cream plays off the classic duality. Sweet, juicy and creamy it will be a whole new experience for those 100 layers of enjoyment.
Fannie May Premium Chocolate Bars & Chocolatier’s Mix Line
In addition to new Fannie May Premium Chocolate Bars, Fannie May is adding to its Chocolatier’s Mix. The new Rocky Road takes the classic flavor combination to a new level. From the fluffy marshmallows to the crunchy nuts, it could be a favorite new topping for that ice cream sundae.
Also, there will be a Caramel Pretzel nut. From the caramel bits to the nuts coated in chocolate, it is a sweet combination. The waffle pretzels add the contrast that makes each bite so satisfying.
The new Ferrero candy will be available over the next several months and into 2024. Be sure to check back for specific release dates. | <urn:uuid:0f551a41-e2a5-4cd2-829d-dbaf226d167e> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://foodsided.com/2022/05/24/new-ferrero-candy-sweets-snacks-expo-22/ | 2024-04-19T12:13:31Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.903333 | 828 |
Modena High | product line Uptown Vintage | Mirror
Mirrors are important for boosting sales and increasing retail space. The round shape enhances the elegant character of your shop design and fits perfectly in the Uptown Vintage style.
We have been making shop fittings for jewelers and opticians since 1958. View our complete range here.
This furniture is part of the Uptown Vintage product line. Watch the video of the complete store layout:
Contact us for a design or quote for a complete shop fitting.
Dimension (W x D x H)
This piece of furniture belongs to the Uptown Vintage collection and has a semicircular edge.
Delivery and assembly
Payment & Security
Your payment details shall be safely processed. After you have approved the quote, you will receive a personal invoice. | <urn:uuid:a43e11e8-96e1-40f0-b8d1-3d4375babb33> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://forbettershops.com/en/products/modena-high-mirror | 2024-04-19T11:47:23Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.900068 | 170 |
It’s hard to imagine a time when there wasn’t an official Father’s Day in America. Mother’s Day was created by Anna Jarvis in 1908 and was made a national holiday by President Woodrow Wilson in 1914.
But Father’s Day came about much more slowly. In fact, it was a woman from Spokane, Washington named Sonora Smart Dodd, who was raised by a widower, that led the way to create a special day for dads. Her grassroots movement to lobby local churches, businesses, organizations and politicians was successful, and the governor of the state of Washington proclaimed the nation’s first “Father’s Day” in 1910.
Unfortunately, it didn’t catch on nationally. Perhaps it was because, as one florist explained, “fathers haven’t the same sentimental appeal that mothers have.”
By 1924, President Calvin Coolidge was urging state governments to observe Father’s Day. However, many men continued to disdain the day. One historian noted that men “scoffed at the holiday’s sentimental attempts to domesticate manliness with flowers and gift-giving, or they derided the proliferation of such holidays as a commercial gimmick to sell more products–often paid for by the father himself.”
During the late 20s and 30s, there was even a movement to get rid of individual holidays for mothers and fathers and combine them into a single holiday, called Parents’ Day.
The Great Depression put an end to the effort to combine and de-commercialize the holidays, as struggling businesses worked hard to make Father’s Day a “second Christmas” for men, promoting goods such as neckties, hats, socks and the like.
Once World War II began, the case was made that celebrating Father’s Day was actually a way to honor the troops and support the war effort. By the end of the war, Father’s Day was certainly a national institution, but still not a national holiday.
That didn’t happen until 1972. While campaigning for his second term, President Richard Nixon signed a proclamation finally making Father’s Day a federal holiday.
Today, there are more than 70 million fathers in the United States.
To the dads out there, we wish you a wonderful and happy Father’s Day. For those who have fathers that are memorialized at Forest Lawn, we invite you to visit your family memorial and reflect upon the great memories you enjoyed together. | <urn:uuid:3953a90b-c45e-40ca-ac7b-de1d128536f7> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://forestlawn.com/es/2016/06/15/fathers-day-2/ | 2024-04-19T11:25:49Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.975612 | 527 |
same error on FileZilla and Atom FTP
Mine is working now
I’m getting the same error. I need help urgently otherwise I will have to move my site.
it has nothing to do with filezilla, it’s a server problem.
Filezilla is just the client
@Admin, please could you advise us on what to do?
This needs to be fixed urgently, I am currently looking to move hosting, if this is not fixed.
Any update to the FTP issues?
I appreciate that this is a free hosting service, but many of us are on tight schedules, and need to get various fixes uploaded to our websites.
I have noticed a major security flaw in mine, yet cannot fix it, due to this issue, which is unacceptable in my opinion, as it keeps happening over the last few days! Every time it is fixed, it just breaks again!
They obviously are working hard to fix it as they have not said anything yet. Please be patient as they are overwhelmed by so many duplicate posts
Mine is now working
I have experienced some downtime in the past few days; with the same problem. This thread will explain what is happening with our servers. This could be the reason why you are receiving this error:
It’s probably due to the recent attack on ifastnets servers. IP addresses 188.8.131.52 & 184.108.40.206
We’re affected by a major ddos attack, which affected many websites, including the ftp client.
I’ve been told that this was caused by maintenance by iFastNet. They were performing rolling updates on the cluster, which caused some hiccups in the load as servers were getting separated from the cluster and rejoined later.
It should be better now though.
I have the same issue right now. I’m unable to connect via FileZilla.
Please look at this.
This topic was automatically closed 30 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed. | <urn:uuid:ecc8db5d-ca8c-4a9f-89e6-55a5da420b55> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://forum.infinityfree.com/t/421-3900-users-the-maximum-are-already-logged-in-sorry/28302/17 | 2024-04-19T12:08:27Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.980378 | 422 |
⁃ all food placed within 5-meter radius of the mandala is cleared of negative energy
⁃ all food within 5-meter radius is charged with healing, beneficial frequencies
⁃ the field works on your body to optimize nutrition, you absorb all beneficial nutrients of food
⁃ eliminates all toxins and non-beneficial ingredients from the food
⁃ you absorb the perfect amount of calories/protein/fat/carbs/vitamins etc from the food
⁃ optimizes your cell hydration and absorption of water
⁃ for best results, keep a copy with you or store in the Mandala Manager
⁃ you can also keep a copy inside or near your fridge/pantry
Wow great, need to wait some time for full effects in the food?
This is great for optimizing nutritional intake from food. But if the food does not contain all the nutrients that the body needs, you’re still lack of enough nutrients.
How about adding the producing of all necessary nutrients in the food? That would be a game changer.
was about to request field for the fridge . is it possible to add also programming to slow down the “aging” a.k.a. oxidation of the fresh produces in the fridge so we can keep them fresh longer?
Between removing destructive energies from the food as well as purging junk & toxins, I bet you’ll find that your food stays fresh longer.
I like this and it got a special place on my fridge and i will keep one with me.
Direct to the restaurant kitchen
I wonder what might happen if all food and drink were also seasoned with a love bomb as a result of the mandala. Maybe it’d taste even better. :'D
will we be able to get these benefits as long as we are within 5-meter radius??
It seems you can eat Junk food without much worry with this mandala right?
No, not even close. It’s not magically changing junk food into vegetables. It’s helping you get the best out of what you have…so the best version of garbage is still going to be garbage.
Not sure, I have it printed and framed in my kitchen. Have not noticed anything different
Anyone have any update/testimonials on this?
does this slow down weight gain fields?
An update recommendation for this great field, could you add a property of cleansing the food from dextrose and maltodextrin? These are synthetic sugars that contain n2n¨0 b 0 't s. | <urn:uuid:81581314-260a-4cb0-aebc-9179e9ff2d67> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://forum.maitreyafields.com/t/dm-nutritional-support/3745 | 2024-04-19T11:46:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.943902 | 532 |
This service is intended for couples who, formally or informally, want to declare their commitment to each other and become a pair. We will create an energetically-programmed field specifically for them, which can be incorporated into rings, medallions, or digital mandalas.
The field includes the energy of:
The highest understanding of partnership
Depending on the circumstances - the highest understanding of a man, a woman, a family, the most harmonious relationship within the couple.
Also whatever this couple needs for their highest good will be included into the field.
This field is perfect for a wedding gift or an engagement present.
How to order:
Send us a photo of you and your partner, your names, and if you have any special requests for the field to custom [!at] maitreyafields.com. Send us also a picture of your wedding or engagement rings or any other item you want this field to be programmed into and we will remotely program them. If you would like to have the field programmed into a Digital Mandala, please let us know.
If you are purchasing the field as a gift, let us know and we will send a certificate that you can print and present to the couple or can email it to them if this is what you prefer. When they wish, they will get in touch with us and send us their request for the field, and we will send it directly to them. Please do not send us photos of the couple for whom the gift is intended. | <urn:uuid:d88cecb8-a825-4353-b244-fc3af2651195> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://forum.maitreyafields.com/t/engagement-wedding-blessing/7238 | 2024-04-19T13:23:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.943617 | 312 |
In full transparency, the following is a media release from Sen. Elizabeth Warren’s office. She was elected by voters in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to serve the state in Washington DC in the US Senate. She is a Democrat. (stock photo)
WASHINGTON DC – U.S. Senators Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) and Tina Smith (D-Minn.), members of the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee, sent letters to three key banking regulators: the Federal Reserve (Fed), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), raising concerns about the ties between the banking industry and crypto firms following FTX’s bankruptcy. The senators are asking each regulator how they assess the banking system’s exposure to crypto risks.
“(I)t appears that crypto firms may have closer ties to the banking system than previously understood,” wrote the senators. “Banks’ relationships with crypto firms raise questions about the safety and soundness of our banking system and highlight potential loopholes that crypto firms may try to exploit to gain further access.”
Earlier this month, FTX, once one of the world’s largest crypto exchanges valued at $32 billion, its sister company Alameda Research, and 130 affiliated companies declared bankruptcy, triggering a crisis in the crypto market – tanking crypto values and dragging other crypto firms down. The senators note that these companies were not deeply integrated into the traditional banking system, sparing millions of people from potential turmoil – though reports show that crypto firms may have closer ties to the banking system than previously known. Alameda, which reportedly funneled $10 billion from the FTX exchange and into its own coffers under a scheme coordinated by Sam Bankman-Fried and other FTX and Alameda executives, made an $11.5 million investment in Washington state-based Moonstone Bank – more than double the bank’s worth at the time – which could be seen as a move to bypass the requirements of having a banking license.
Other federally-regulated banks – including Deltec Bank, Silvergate Capital Corp., and Signature Bank – have all come under scrutiny for relying heavily on crypto customers and are now experiencing increased volatility. Silvergate’s average deposits quarter-to-date are down more than $2 billion since September and deposits from crypto firms accounted for 90% of the bank’s overall deposits.
Given these reports of banks’ relationships with crypto firms and potential loopholes that crypto firms may exploit to gain access to the banking system, Senators Warren and Smith are asking the Fed, FDIC, and OCC to answer a set of questions about their current assessments of the relationships between the banking system and crypto firms, and the risks these relationships pose by December 21, 2022. | <urn:uuid:56762849-c010-4172-8ce5-aeee1b3e66b8> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://framinghamsource.com/index.php/2022/12/08/sen-warren-raises-considers-to-federal-reserve-federal-deposit-insurance-corporation-about-crypto-firms-banks-relationships/ | 2024-04-19T13:25:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.952023 | 576 |
The appeal of Francis' spirituality flows from his selfless conformity to Christ as the human presence of God, corporally identified by his passion with the poor, outcast, and infirm.
Lent is a time when the Church gives us an opportunity to strip away our masks and put away the Pollyannaish platitudes that keep us functioning in the fast lane of life.
Thoraya Maronesy makes films "with strangers, about strangers, for strangers" and this "in order to share real stories and hope that it may lead to positive change."
A new article by fr. Joachim Ostermann has appeared in Church Life Journal on philosophy as an intensely personal pursuit, as something not just learned, but done.
The online Journal of Moral Theology shares articles on the topic of peacemaking published in their journal throughout the years. | <urn:uuid:3669dd2b-7488-4bf9-8723-8bebe45622f4> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://franciscanconnections.com/index.php?start=21 | 2024-04-19T13:08:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.957928 | 174 |
The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
The Bank of North America in Philadelphia, is the oldest Bank in America, having been chartered by Continental Con gress, Decem ber 31st, 1781, and was organized for the specific purpose of aiding the then struggling colonies in their fight for independence, and was of inestimable value in the accomplish 4- J T4-n U*nfrtv*«r f OT its 8H -1164 2M 3-50 ISIS :rn sinci men »so H an page a su ^ S ted* ^ '■/ l i e n a era n v absence of the word National, it is a National Bank, acting under a National charter, and alw ays has been, although it did not accept the provisions of the present law until 1864. Its director ate is composed of men, active in financial and commercial life, who devote sufficient of their time to the work of the Bank, to keep thoroughly in touch with its affairs. ThePhiladelphiaNational Bank P H IL A D E L P H IA O RG A N IZED 1H(K1 I N 1803, when Philadelphia was the capi tal ot the nation, as well as its metropolis, its e x p a n d i n g tr a d e r e q u ir e d additional banking facilities. A t a meeting o f its promi nent citizens, in response to this demand, T H E P H I L A D E L P H LA. B A N K was organized. It at once took a foremost place among the financial institutions o f the country, and has al ways occupied this enviable position. Its directorate has ever b e e n s e le c t e d from Philadelphia’s best citizens and to day comprises men prominent not only in civic life but nat ional affairs. Original Building Capital, §1,500,000 Surplus and Protits, 53,500,000 The com m and that the B a n k has upon the public con fidence is evinced by the fact t h a t it has the largest line o f in Deposits, $4^,000,000 Resources, $50,000,000 d ivid u a l d ep o sits o f any bank in the State o f Pennsylvania. Dividends paid to shareholders, $14, 914, 372 Present Home OFFICERS L E V I L. R U E, . . . President L IN C O L N G O D F R E Y , Vice-President H A R R Y J. K E S E R , . . H ORACE FORTESCUE, D A V I D S. L U D L U M , . Cashier Asst. Cashier • Asst. Cashier N . P A R K E R S H O R F R ID G E , Chairman of the Hoard Erected a . d . 18 -57. jointly by The Philadelphia Kank and The Hank of the United States The Seaboard National Bank o f the Citv o f N ew \ ork t8 Broadway Capital, $ 1 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 Surplus and Profits (earned) $ 1 , 6 5 0 , 0 0 0 Especially equipped for handling out-of-town accounts S. G. NELSON W . K.. C LEV ER LE Y L. N . D eVA U SN E Y - - S. G. B A Y N E , President Vice-President C. C. TH O M PSO N Assistant Cashier J. C. E M E R Y . Assistant Cashier O. M. JEFFER DS W e invite correspondence . . - . . . - . Cashier Assistant Cashier Assistant Cashier THE CONTINENTAL NATIONAL BANK ' CHICAGO | ■ OF E invite Banks and Bankers, M anufacturers, Merchants and Individuals to open accounts with us and avail themselves of our superior facilities. W CAPITAL AND SURPLUS - $7,000,000.00 DEPOSITS $70,000,000.00 O F F IC E R S G EO RG E M. R E Y N O L D S A L E X . ROBERTSON W M . G. SC H K O ED ER B r N J S. M A Y E R HERM AN W ALDECK F. H E L M O R E W IL B E R H A T T E R Y J. R. W A S H B U R N - . - . - - - . - . - President Vice-President Cashier Assistant Cashier Assistant Cashier Assistant Cashier Assistant Cashier Assistant Cashier D IR E C T O R S JOHN C. BLACK, Chairman of the Board. J. O GD EN A R M O U R , I'resident, Armour & Co. A L B E R T J. E A R L IN G , President, Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry. Co. H E N R Y BOTSFO RD, Packer B. A. E C K H A R T , President. Eckhart & Swan Milling Co. W M . C. SEIPP. Capitalist E D W A R D H IN E S , Piesident, Edward Hines Lumber Co. F R A N K H IBB AR D, Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett & Co., Wholesale Hardware F. E. W E Y E R H A E U S E R , Lumberman and Pine Land Owner, St. Paul, Minn. S A M U E L M cROBERTS, Treasurer, Armour & Co. A L E X . R OB ER TSON , Vice-President GEO RG E M. R EY N O LD S. President Brown Brothers & Co. N ew York Philadelphia Boston Alexander Brown C& Sons Baltimore Issue Travelers’ and Commercial Letters of Credit and T ra n sact a G eneral B an k in g B u sin ess I n v e s tm e n t S e c u r itie s Bought and Sold Brown, Shipley & Company London T H E A M E R IC A N B A N K E R S C O N V E N T IO N Y E A R B O O K C O N TA IN IN G T H E BANKING SYSTEMS OF TH E By M AURI CE W ORLD L. MuHLEMAN A R E V IE W OF T H E B A N K IN G SYSTEM S, T H E IR M E TH O D S OF ISSU IN G NOTES, A N D SA FE G U A R D S P R O V ID E D T H E R E FO R : IN C L U D IN G AN A C C O U N T OF T H E FO R M ER CEN T R A L B A N K IN G SYSTE M IN T H E U N IT E D STATES IL L U S T R A T E D W I T H E X T E R IO R A N D I N T E R IO R V IE W S OF THE GREAT B A N K IN G I N S T I T U T IO N S OF PRODUCED THE FROM AND OLD F I N A N C IA L W ORLD RE O R IG IN A L PHOTOGRAPHS I III 111 D E S IG N E D A N D A R R A N G E D BY A lfred 1 F. W h ite i fill III P U B L ISH E D fill ON THE A SSO C IA T IO N iii E81 IH ’f OF TH E T H IR T Y -F O U R T H AT D E N V ER , C O LO RAD O , SEPTEM BER 28 TO O CTOBER 2, 1908 II O C C A SIO N A N N U A L C O N V E N T IO N OF T H E A M E R IC A N B AN K E R S P U B L IS H E D THE BANKING b y LAW JOURNAL 27 T h a m e s S t r e e t , N e w Y o rk Copyright 1908 , by Alfred F. White FOUNDED 1803 has for over one hundred years given par ticular atten tion to com m ercial and bank accou n ts, and still desires to e x ten d to Mercantile and B a n k in g Institutions e v e r y fa cility in dom estic and foreign banking. Resources thirty millions of dollars. IH General Banking Room Ilnitcir States Jjtortgage £ Crust Com png Ne w York " Capital and Surplus, $ 6,000,(XX).(X) A C T S as Correspondent for Banks, Bankers and Trust Companies. Designated Legal Depositary for State, City, Court and Trust A - Funds. Prepares and Certifies to issues of Municipal and Cor porate Bonds and acts as Fiscal Agent. Foreign Exchange bought and sold. DIRECTORS W IL L IA M B. BOULTON DUM ONTCLARKE C. A. COFFIN H ON. GEORGE A. COX C. C. CL’ Y L E R CHARLES D. DICKEY W IL L IA M P. DIXON 73d St. & Broadway ROBERT A. GRANNISS C HARLES M. HAYS W IL L IA M A. JAMISON GUSTAV E. KISSEL L. C. K RAUTH OFF CLARENCE H . MACKAY ROBERT OLYPH ANT 55 Cedar Street JOHN \Y. PATTEN M ORTIM ER L. SCHIFF VA LE N T IN E P. SNYDER EBEN B. THOM AS JAMES TIMPSON AR T H U R TU R N B U LL CORN ELIUS VA N D E R B ILT l-25th St. & hth Avenue BANKERS TRUST COMPANY 7 W all Street, New York Surplus and Profits, $1,1 78,000 Capital, $1,000,000 Directors S T E P H E N B A K E R , President Bank of the Manhattan Co., New York. S A M U E L G . B A Y N E President Seaboard National Bank, New York. II E D W IN M . B U L K L E Y , Spencer Trask & Co., Bankers, New York. J A M E S G . C A N N O N , Vice-President Fourth National Bank, New York. E. C. C O N V E R S E , President, New York. H E N R Y P. D A V IS O N , Vice-Presiden, First National Bank, New York. W A L T E R E. F R E W , Vice-President Corn Exchange Bank, New York. FR E D ’K T . H A S K E L L , Vice-President Illinois Trust & Savings Bank, Chicago. A . B A R T O N H E P B U R N , President Chase National Bank, New York. T H O M A S W . L A M O N T , Vice-President, New York. E D G A R L . M A R S T O N , Blair & Co., Bankers, New York. GATE1S W . M c G A R R A H , President Mechanics’ National Bank, New York. G E O . W . PE1RKINS, J. P. Morgan & Co., Bankers, New York. W IL L IA M H . PORTE1R, President Chemical National Bar.k, New York. DANIILL G . REID, Vice-President Liberty National Bank, New York. E D W A R D F. S W IN N E Y , President First National Bank, Kansas City. J O H N F. T H O M P S O N , Vice-President, New York. G ILBER T G . T H O R N E , Vice-President National Park Bank, New York. E D W A R D T O W N S E N D , President Importers’ & Traders’ Nat. Bank, New York. A L B E R T H . W IG G IN , Vice-President Chase National Bank, New York. SAMUE1L W O O L V E R T O N , President Gallatin National Bank, New York. E D W A R D F. C. Y O U N G , President First National Bank, Jersey City. Particular attention is called to the personnel, character and strength of this Company’s directorate. Interest paid upon inactive deposits. E. C. C O N V E R S J . F. T H O M P S O N , V. P. D. E. P O M E R O Y , T r e a s . H. W. D O N O V A N , ASSt.Treas. E , P re s id e n t T. W. L A M O N T , V.P. B. S T R O N G J r . Sec'y. F. N . B . C L O S E , ASSt. Sec'y. III III! mi ORIGINAL CHARTER 1S29. THE CALLATIN N A T I O N A L BANK of th e c rrr of n e w y o r k . CAPITAL, . . . $1,000,000 SURPLUS AND PROFITS (Earned ) 2,400,000 OFFICERS. SAMUEL W00LVERT0N, Preiidtnt. ALEXANDER H. STEVEHS, Vice-Prttidwrt. 6E0R6E E. LEWIS, Cashitr. HOWELL T . MANSON, Assistant Cashisr DIRECTORS. ADRIAN ISELIN, JR . FREDERIC W. STEVENS. ALEXANDER H. STEVENS. W . EMLEN ROOSEVELT. CHARLES A. PEABODY. SAMUEL WOOLVERTON, CHARLES H. TWEED. THOMAS DENNY. T H K B A N K OF P IT T S B U R G H N A T IO N A L THE B AN K H IS T O R IC A L — F O U N D E D 1810— T H E CAPITAL AND A S S O C IA T IO N OLDEST BANK W EST OF S U R P L U S , $ 5,3 0 0,00 0.00 THE ALLEGHANY M O U N T A IN S G IR A R D N A T IO N A L BAN K Oldest Bank Building in the United States. Erected in 1795 for the First Bank of the United States For over three-quarters o f a century the G I R A R D N A T I O N A L B i\ N K o f Philadelphia has enjoyed the confidence o f the business community o f P hila delphia. Q Its long successful career bears evidence o f conservatism and progressiveness in its management and its name stands as a synonym for strength, safety and solidity throughout the entire country. Q Its equipment for handling bank accounts is unsurpassed. Capital, T w o M illion Dollars. Q Surplus and Profits; T hree M illion E ight Hundred Thousand Dollars. Deposits, Thirty-five M illion Dollars. F R A N C I S B. R E E V E S ................................. President R I C H A R D L . A U S T I N ........................V ice-President T H E O . E. W I E D E R S H E I M . . 2d Vice-President J O S E P H W A Y N E , J r ..........................................Cashier C H A S . M. A S H T O N ................................... Asst. Cashier For over twenty-four years the K E Y S T O N E N A T IO N A L BANK of P IT T S B U R G has enjoyed uniform patronage and prosperity. SFT h e efficient service it renders its clientele, its policy of liberality to legitimate enterprises, com bined with conservatism in the placing of its funds, has inspired confidence, not alone in the immediate vicinity, but throughout the banking and financial world. THE BANK OF COMMERCE, N A T I O N A L A S S O C IA T I O N OF CLEVELAND, WAS O R G A N IZ E D IN 1899. C .H A V IN G A C A P I T A L , S U R P L U S A N D P R O F IT S OF T H R E E SAN D M IL L IO N D OLLARS, E E N M IL L IO N E Q U IP P E D ES OF AND FOR O U T -O F -T O W N CLEVELAND M E R IT RECTORATE AND CAN T H E IR IS ALL BRANCH AND CORRESPONDENCE TRUST F IR M S , C O N N E C T IO N ; IT IS T H O R O U G H L Y B A N K IN G , BANKS, C O R P O R A T IO N S THOU R E SO U R C E S O F E I G H T T R A N S A C T IN G IN V IT E S B E L IE V I N G HUNDRED D O L L A R S , IT L E G IT IM A T E D IA L L Y W IL L FO U R RENDER W IT H C O M P A N IE S , R E Q U IR IN G A C O N F ID E N T L Y S E R V IC E PATRONAGE. COM POSED COR OF THAT C IT S SO M E D I OF C L E V E L A N D ’ S M OST R E P R E S E N T A T IV E B A N K ERS A N D B U S IN E S S M E N ; A N A S S U R A N C E O F A F A IT H F U L P E R FO R M AN C E OF A L L TRU STS. Wt)e J fo u r tl) S t r e e t R a t io n a l Panfe of iPfnlabelpfna has unsurpassed facilities for exte n d in g every form o f financial service. A special ty is made o f bank accounts. Capital a n d surplus o v e r $9,000,000; total resources o v e r 850,000,000. C or respondence invited. R. H. R U SH T O N , President E. F. SH A N B AC K E R , 1st Vice-President B. M. FA IRES, 2nd Vice-President R. J. C LAR K , Cashier W . A. B U L K L E Y , Assistant Cashier F. G. ROGERS, Mgr. Foreign Ex. Dept. MARINE NATIONAL BANK OF BUFFALO Capital - $1,500,000.00 Surplus and Profits, 1,145,926.80 Deposits - 17,521,984.80 STEPHEN M . C LEM E N T JOHN J. A L B R IG H T JOHN H . LA SC ELLE S C LIFF O R D H U B B E L L . H E N R Y J. A U E R - - - . - . - President Vice-President Vice-President - Cashier Assistant Cashier Directors S T E P H E N M. C L E M E N T E. H . H U T C H IN S O N JOHN J. A L B R IG H T G EORGE B. M A T H E W S CHAS. W . G O O D YEA R CHARLES H. KEEP W M . H . G R A T W IC K JOHN H . LA SC ELLE S ED M U ND HAYES W M . A. ROGERS W M . H . H O T C H K ISS M OSES T A Y L O R C O R N E L IU S V A N D E R B IL T OLDEST COMMERCIAL BANK W E HAVE T H E WE FACILITIES FOR IN BUFFALO H AN D LIN G Y O U R B U S I N E S S INVITE C O R R E S P O N D E N C E FR O M BAN KS AND BAN KERS T H E N K W HOM E OK TH E FIR ST N A T IO N A L BANK The F I R S T N A T I O N A L B A N K of CLEVELAND is the largest N ation al B ank in the State o f O h io . C . It has a Capital o f $ 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ; Surplus and P ro fits o f $ 1 ,1 0 0 ,0 0 0 , and T o t a l R esources o f $ 3 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , CL It has a directorate com posed o f fo r ty -s ix representative business men and hankers w h o are a guarantee o f fid elity, and its steady substantial grow th indicates a successful management. C. T h e personal attention o f an official is given all correspondence o f a business nature. T h e fid e lit y TRUST t i t le COMPANY OF and P IT T S B U R G H , was incorporated in 1886. It was the first trust company in Pittsburgh organized under the general Trust Company A ct of 1874. SF The substantial progress it has made is due to the policy it has pursued in carefully conserving the best interests of its clientele. ^ Having a board of directors com posed of some of the leading bankers and busi ness men of Pittsburgh, a capital of two million dollars, surplus and profits over five millions and total assets seventy-three millions, its facilities for transacting a banking and trust company business are unsurpassed. OFFICERS John James John B. • M c G il l , T homas R. . . President Vice-President J. D onnell, J. A. Knox, . Jackso n , . . R o b in s o n , • Secretary Ass't Sec’y-Treas. . . Auditor C. S. Gray, . R o b e r t P it c a ir n , C. E. W il l o c k , Eugene M urray, . Vice-President . . . Treasurer Ass’t Sec’y-Treas. A. P. B exk art, f A „ t TnBt 0 IB cm M. ) M c G if f in , Vice-President and Trust Officer. COLORADO STATE C APITOL D EN VE R Denver, the Convention City, 1908 T H E thirty-fourth annual convention o f the American Bankers Association w ill be held in Denver, the week beginning Septem ber 28, 1908. T h e marvelous progress o f the banking business in the W est during the past ten years and the excellent banking facilities o f Denver, make it the most appropriate city in the country for the con vention o f 1908. T h e bankers o f Denver have prepared an elaborate programme for the entertainment o f the delegates and visitors. Denver is one o f the most modern cities in the world. It is situated in the “ Land o f Sunshine,” one mile above sea level. Government statistics say the sun shines on 304 days a year in Denver. Denver is one o f the four great natural distributing points o f Am erica. It has a population o f about 225,000. Its buildings are built o f stone and brick and are modern and up-to-date. It has two hundred miles o f electric street car service, unsurpassed in the world. Its school system ranks highest in Am erica, and it is the most beautiful and comfortable residence city in the world. Denver’s banking facilities are unsurpassed in Am erica. It has seven national banks, with an aggregate capital o f $3,200,000 and sur plus $2,750,000, and fifteen state banks and trust companies with an aggregate capital o f $2,750,000, m aking a total banking capital and sur plus o f nearly $9,000,000, and deposits approximating $62,000,000. Colorado is the greatest mountain resort state on the American continent. Its scenic wonders are unequaled in the world. It is not only the greatest m ining state in Am erica, but its agricultural interests are far greater than its mineral resources. In 1 907 its mineral production was $48,780,745 w hile its farm products, including sugar beets, was $ 9 5 ,8 9 1,18 7, and its live stock products were $30,020,000. It also produced in refined sugar $20,000,000. Colorado’s population is 20% foreign and 80% native American. On the two follow ing pages w ill be found the leading financial institutions o f Denver, the First National Bank and the International Trust Company. U N IT E D ST A T E S M IN T , D E N V E R FIRST NATIONAL BANK he fir s t n a tio n a l B A N K o f D E N V E R is today one o f the strongest banks in the United States. Its extensive list o f correspondents throughout the country gives it unrivaled facilities for handling a l l business e n tru sted to it. C a p it a l , O n e M illio n D o lla rs Su rplu s, O n e M illio n D o lla r s T Officers I). H . M O F F A T F . G. M O F F A T . . . . President . Cashier TH OS. KEELY . Vice-President C . S. H A U G H W O U T , Asst.Cashier J. C. H O U S T O N , A sst.C ashier Directors D. H . M O F F A T F. G. M O F F A T L . II. E I C I I O L T Z C . S. H A U G I I W O U T J. A . M c C L U R G GERALD HUGHES THOM AS K EELY SPEN CER C . M. M a c N E I LL, Colorado Springs P E N R O S E , Colorado Springs T h e in te r n a tio n a l tr u s t C O M P A N Y IN D E N V E R , is the oldest and largest Trust company in the State of Colorado. SF The substantial pro gress it has made is due to the policy it has pursued in safeguarding the interests of its clientele. It Its directorate consists of leading bankers and financial men of the west. *1F Every department is under the manage ment of a highly specialized officer and its facilities for transacting a banking and trust company business are unsurpassed. ^ Capital and Surplus, Five hundred thousand dollars. D. H . M O F F A T T H E O . G. S M I T H S. G. G I L L - - - - Vice-President - Assistant Secretary - P. E . C L E L A N D President Secretary The Corn Exchange National Bank o f Philadelphia has the facilities for handling your business. Resources Eighteen Million dollars. j]j BENJAMIN G ITH E N S, . . . W M . W . SUPPLEE, . . Vice-President President C H A S. S. C A L W E L L , . . . M. N. W IL L IT S . J r . . . . Cashier Assistant Cashier T he u n io n BANK OF n a tio n a l CLEVELAND has the resources, organiza tion and connections which enables it to be o f the utmost service to Banks, Corporations, Firms and Individuals, whose business it desires, and to whom is ex te n d ed the facilities acquired th rou gh tw enty-five years ol service to the business com m unity. ^ Capital and Surplus, two million, five h un dred thousand d o lla r s ; fifteen million dollars. R esou rces, S S. W A L S H , Chairman o f the Board. B R E C K IN R ID G E JONES, TOM W . BENNETT, C. H U N T President. Real Estate Officer. Assistant Secretary. JO H N D. D A V IS , GEO. K IN G S L A N D , L O U IS W . F R I C K E , / 'ice-President. Assistant Real Estate Officer. A ssistant Secretary. S A M U E L E. H O F F M A N , J A M E S E. B R O C K , W IL L IA M I ’ice-President. Secretary. B ond Officer. H E N R Y SEM PLE AM ES, HUGH R. L Y L E , W M . M cC . M A R T I N , Assistant E xecu tive Officer. Assistant Secretary. Assistant B o n d Officer. F R E D E R IC K V IE R L IN G , HENRY Trust Officer. Assistant Secretary. C. IB B O T S O N , T U R N E R Jr., G. L A C K E Y , CH ARLES W . M O R A T1I Safe D eposit Officer. Directors JOHN' I. BEGGS, President United Railw ays Co. o f St. Louis. President Laciede (.ins L ight Co. W IL B U R F. BOYLE, Boyle Priest. JAM ES E. BROCK, Secretary. M U R R A Y C AR LE TO N , President Carleton D ry Goods Co. C H A R L E S C LAR K , H O R AT IO N . D A V IS , President Smith D avis M fg. Co. JOHN D. D AV IS, I 'ice-President. AU G U STE B. E W IN G , D A V ID R. FR A N C IS, F rancis B ro. & Co. A U G U ST G E H N E R . President G erm an-Am erican Bank. S. E. H O F F M A N , I 'ice-President. B R E C K IN R ID G E JONES, President. W . J. McBRIDE, * ice-Presuient H askell e~= Barker Car Co. N EL SO N W . McLEOD, ice-Pres. Grayson-M cLeod Lum ber Co. SA U N D ER S N OR VE LL, President A orvell-Shapleigh / / iliv. Co. ROBER T J. O 'R E IL L Y , M. D. W M . I). O R T H W E IN , President IVm. D . Orthwein Grain Co. H E N R Y W . PETERS, President Peters Shoe Co. H . C LAY PIERCE, Chairman B oard II ’aters-Pierce O il Co. JOSEPH R A M SE Y, Jr., AU G U ST SC H LA FLY, President Union Trust & Savings Bank. R. H . STOCKTON, President Majestic M fg. Co. JULIUS S. W A L S H , Chairman o f the Board. ROLLA W EL LS, M ayor o f City o f St. Louis. TH E COAL CBb IRON N ATIO N AL BANK O F T H E C IT Y O F N E W YORK Is located directly opposite to the downtown ferries of the Pennsylvania, Lehigh Valley, Baltimore C& Ohio and the N e w Jersey Central Railroads, which are the principal ap proaches to the downtow n commercial district. O ut-of- tow n bankers find it very convenient to deal with this bank which therefore makes a specialty o f serving the interests o f inland institutions w hose business alw ays receives personal attention. T h e Directors and Stockholders o f this bank con sist largely of men prominent in the great railroad, anthracite coal and manufacturing industries o f the East, in addition to a large representation from the diversified commercial interests o f N e w York City. It has a large official staff which has been identified with metropolitan banking and commercial interests for m any years and is thoroughly equipped to handle in its various departments both domestic and foreign banking. Its capital, surplus and profits aggregate over One Million T w o Hundred Thousand Dollars. Total Resources exceeding Six Million Five Hundred Thousand Dollars. T h e officers are M r. John T . Sproull, President; Anthony A . Lism an and David Taylor, Vice-Presidents; Addison H. D ay, Cashier, and H enry J. Dorgeloh, A ssistant Cashier. T HE Omaha National Bank o f Omaha is the largest bank in the State o f Nebraska. SF For many years it has been closely identified with the progress and develop ment o f the great business industries of Omaha, and its name has become a synonym for strength and conservatism throughout the W est. Sf It has an ex tensive clientele in the great agricultural district in which it is located and cor respondents throughout the W est to the Coast, which enables it to offer superior facilities for handling all business in this section. SFIt hasa Capital o f $ 1 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 . Surplus and Profits o f over $ 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 and Deposits of over $ 1 0 , 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 . Officers J. H . M I L L A R D , President W M . W A L L A C E , Vice-President C. F. M c G R E W , W. FRANK B. H. A. BUCHOLZ, W IL C O X , Asst. Cashier Cashier BOYD, Vice-President A sst. Cashier E Z R A M I L L A R D , Asst. Cashier Lobby of The Central National Bank Rockefeller Building, Cleveland, O. Statement of Condition, July 15, 1908 Loans and Discounts . . . $6,103,027.65 United States and Other Bonds . 1,215,932.98 22, 866.60 Overdrafts 50,000.00 Furniture and Fixtures Cash on hand Si ,06 0 ,7 9 1 .21 2,167,906.59 With Banks 50,000.00 With Treasurer of L . S. 3 ,2 78,697.80 $10,670,525.03 Capital Stock Surplus Profits Circulation . Bond Account Deposits $ 1,0 0 0, 000.00 500,000.00 130,430.67 1 ,0 0 0 ,00 0.00 548,500.00 7,491,594.36 $10,670,525.03 J .J . SULLIVAN, Pres. C. A. PAINE, Cashier E. W . O GLEBAY, Vice-Pres. L. J. C AM ERON, Asst. Cash. m THE CAPITAL N ATIONAL BANK O F ST. PAUL is the successor to the business of the Capital B a n k that w as organized in 1880, and the St. Paul National Bank that w as organized in 1883. T Having a directorate com p osed of prom inent bankers and business men and an official staff w h o are thoroughly versant w ith con di tions and credits as w ell as with the require ments of their custom ers, it offers unsurpassed facilities for handling all branches of the bank ing business throughout the Northw est. Every accom m odation and courtesy consistent with sound banking m ethods will be granted. HThe C a p i t a l N a t i o n a l B a n k has a capital of $500,000.00, surplus and profits approxim ately $100,000.00 and deposits o f over $4,000,000.00. Correspondence is Invited. OFFICERS J O H N R . M I T C H E L L , PRESIDENT W A L T E R F . M Y E R S . V IC E -PR E S. WM. H . E. H A L L E N B E C K , C A SH IER E D W . H . M I L L E R , A S S T . CASH IER B. G EERY, E. A . S C H R O E D E R , A S S T . CASH IER V lC E -P R E S. Hon. Hugh McCulloch the first Comptroller of the Currency, addressing the National Banks in 1863, said: “*mO nothing to foster and encourage speculation. Give facilities only to legitimate and prudent transactions. Dis tribute your loans rather than concentrate them in a few hands. Pursue a straightforward, up right, legitimate banking busi ness. Treat your customers liberally, bearing in mind that the bank prospers as its custom ers prosper.” Reproduced from a recent published statement of T he National B ank of the Republic of Chicago E D E S I R E TO IM P R E S S on every banker the fact that our ser vice in the collection of Buffalo items cannot be excelled; that w e are a strong, conser vative Bank governed by careful, prudent, yet p ro g ressive m an agem en t; and th at personal administration by our officers, courtesy, and faith fulness to details are large factors in our methods. C. Confidence, popularity, and steady growth have followed our effort to serve rightly. Entrust to usyour business and you will not regret it. C .W e welcome correspondence with a view to establishing perma nent relations. C. Capital, Surplus and Profits, Five Hundred and Sixty Thousand Dollars; Deposits, Four Million, Three Hundred Thousand Dollars. Officers A. D. B ISSELL, President C. R. H U N T L E Y , Vice-President H O W A R D BISSELL, A ss't. Cashier E. J. N E W E L L , C. G. FEIL, - - Cashier Asst. Cashier First National Bank Minneapolis, Minnesota Capital - - $2,000,000 Surplus and Profits Deposits - 2,062,602 15,000,000 Officers F. M. PR IN CE C. T . J A F F R A Y GEO. F. O R D E D. M A C K E R C H A R President Vice-President Cashier Asst. Cashier E R N E S T C. B R O W N , Asst. Cashier H. A. W IL L O U G H B Y , Asst. Cashier ss W ESTERN TRUST & SAVINGS BANK THE "ROOKERY” CHICAGO Established 1873. Capital, One Million Dollars. OFFICERS JO SEPH E. O TIS, . . President W A L T E R H . W ILSO N , Vice-President L A W R E N C E N ELSON . Vice-President W IL L IA M C. C O O K , . . Cashier A D D IS O N C O R N E A U , . Asst. Cashier A L B E R T E. C O E N , Auditor LO U IS H. S C H R O E D E R , Manager Bond Sales Department J. J. R A H L F , Manager Foreign Exchange Department 1 TRUST DEPARTM EN T W . G. W A L L IN G . . . . Secretary C L A R K S. JENNISON, Ant. Secretary DEPARTM ENTS II COMMERCIAL Accounts of Banks, Bankers, corporations, firms and individuals received on the most favorable terms. Loans made on approved notes and collateral. Time or demand interest bearing certificates of deposit issued. SAVINGS Interest at the rate of 3 per cent, per annum, compounded semi-annually, allowed on savings deposits. BOND Government, Municipal and Corporation bonds bought and sold. We at all times have in this department a choice line of high grade securities for sale. Advice to investors cheerfully given. FOREIGN Letters of Credit and Traveler's Checks issued, available all over the world. Foreign remittances and collections made. Foreign Exchange bought and sold at best rates. TR U S T W e are authorized by law, and are completely equipped, to act as Administrator, Executor, Guardian, Conservator, Assignee and Receiver. Also act as Transfer Agent and Registrar of stock and bond issues. Make investments and act as agent in the collection and disbursement of incomes. Trust funds and trust investments are kept separate from the assets of the Bank. III 111 III 111 III III The above departments are all managed by capable officers, especially qualified and selected with regard to the efficient and intelligent perform ance of the functions connected therewith, consequently giving our cus tomers the highest degree of service. The Peoples State Bank Detroit, Michigan Capital and Surplus, $3,000,000 Accounts of Banks, Bankers, Firms, Corpora tions and Individuals received. W ell established collection facilities. C o rre sp o n d e n ce invited Officers GEORGE H. RUSSEL, . President M. W . O’ BRIEN, Vice-Pres. and Chairman of Board H. C. PO TTER , Jr., . Vice-President GEO. E. L A W S O N , Vice-President R. S. M A S O N , Vice-President F A . SC H U L TE , Vice-President A U ST IN E. W I N G , Cashier H. P. BORGM AN, Cishier Savings Dept. R. W . SM Y LIE , Manager Credit Dept. J. R. B OD DE, . . Assistant Cashier GEO. T. C O U R T N E Y, Auditor Directors R. A . ALG ER GEORGE H. BARBOUR W . T . BAR BO UR H. M . C A M P B E L L B. S. C O L BU R N C. A. D uC H A RM E JEREM IAH D W Y E R H A L E Y FISKE F. J. H ECKER GEO. E. L A W S O N H. B. L E D Y A R D R. S. M ASON FR ED. T. M ORAN M. J. M U R P H Y P. H. M cM ILL A N M. W . O BRIEN H . C. PO T TER , Jr. LOUIS ROTHSCH ILD GEO. H. RUSSEL H E N R Y RUSSEL HUGO SCHERER F. A. SC H U L TE h e fid e lity t r u s t com pany of N ew York, is especially organized and equipped to provide all the facilities of a mod em Banking Institution, handling the accounts of Banks, Trust Companies, Individuals, Firms and Cor porations. SF It seeks to transact business on legitimate, straight forward up-to-date methods. The adoption and maintenance of this policy has gained for the com pany a prestige and standing worthy of an institution many years its senior. It opened for business M ay 22, 1907. On M ay 22, 1908, it had over one thousand accounts on its books, aggregating in deposits $4,208,172, and since that date these figures have shown a gratifying increase. The directorate is composed of thorough, practical business men and bankers whose prominence, strength and influence have ob tained for the company a marked degree of confidence in the business community. TP All communications relative to business receive prompt official attention. T Capital and Surplus, $1,500,000 Officers SA M U E L S. C ONOVER, President W M . H. B A R N A R D , JOHN W . N IX , Vice-Presidents * A N D R E W H. M ARS, Secretary STEP H E N L. VIELE, Assistant Secretary / The Peoples National Bank Pittsburgh, Pa. P I T T S B U R G H owes much o f its marvelous growth to a number o f prominent and successful merchants and manufacturers, who, in the early “ sixties” realized that the city would eventually become a great industrial center, pro vided it was supplied with ample banking capital to meet its growing requirements.CflWith this in view they organized T H E P E O P L E S N A T I O N A L B A N K in 1864, with a Capital o f $ 1 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 —-w ith a u t h o r i t y to increase to $ 2,000,000 — thus showing their wisdom in preparing for the city’s future greatness as a manufacturing metropolis. •J A s an indication o f the B a n k ’ s successful management during the F O R T Y - F O U R Y E A R S o f its existence, it has paid dividends amounting to $ 3 , 80 5,0 00 — and accu mulated a surplus o f $ 1 ,800,000— out o f its earnings. T h e total resources now are $ 16,000,000. W h ile it has never departed from a conservative policy during its history, it has always been progressive and up-to-date in its methods, and today it stands as one o f the foremost banks in the National system. S. R. F L Y N N , P r e s i d e n t G. A . R Y T H E R , C a s h i e r J. A . SPOOR, V i c e - P G. F. E M E R Y , A s s ’ t r e s id e n t C a s h ie r D IR E C TO R S J. OGDEN ARM O UR JAMES H . ASHBY SA M UE L COZZENS S. R. FLYNN A. G. LEONARD EDWARD MORRIS G. A. RYTHER J. A. SPOOR B A N K ’S affiliations suggest its strength and its ability to bring about certain definite results. T H IS F A C T SP E A K S FO R A T H E LIVE STO CK EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO whose close connections with great Live Stock interests make of it an effective vehicle for hand ling to your advantage your live stock funds. Capital Surplus and Profits - $1,250,000.00 350,000.00 Reserve agent for National Banks. Accounts of Banks, Bankers and Corporations Solicited. Located Center W orld’ s Great Live Stock Market Union Stock Yards, Chicago The First National Bank St. Joseph, Missouri C A P IT A L SU RPLU S - - §500,000.00 300,000.00 - This bank is located in the heart of the greatest agricultural district in the world. W e consistently follow a co n serva tive p o lic y and in v ite patronage, fe e lin g co n fid en t that our facilities for rendering prompt and efficient service is unsurpassed. OFFICERS C H A R L ES PASCHE J. T. T R E N E R Y E. C. H A R T W IC \V. F. M A X W E L L - - - President Vice-President Cashier Assistant Cashier HE MERCHANTS N A T IO N A L BANK ^ B U R L IN G T O N , IO W A, established in Eighteen Hun dred and Seventy. Sf Its Cap ital, Surplus and Undivided Profits o f two hundred and thirty thousand dollars with a record o f thirty-eight years o f ever increasing business, offers its services for your Iowa business. J. L. E D W A R D S, JAM ES M OIR, V F. L. H O U K E , W . E. BLAK E , V i c e - P r e s i d e n t A L E X M OIR, V i c e - P r e s i d e n t H. J. H U N G E R FO R D , C a s h i e r C a s h ie r C. L. FU LTO N, A s s t . C a s h i e r P r e s id e n t ic b A sst. - P r e s id k n t D IR E C T O R S T. W . B A R H Y D T , H. A. B RO W N W . E. BLAK E C h a ir m a n JAM ES M O IR W . C. TUBBS W . W . C O P ELAN D A L E X . MOIR N. S. YO U NG J. L. E D W A R D S The Northwestern National Bank Minneapolis, Minn. 11 Capital and Surplus, $4,000,000 Deposits . . . $20,000,000 O F F IC E R S President W M . H. D U N W O O D Y Vice-President M. B. KOO N . Vice-President E. W . D E C K E R . Vice-President JOSEPH C H A P M A N , Jr. Vice-President A . A. C R A N E . I. F. C O T T O N F R A N K E. H O L T O N . CHAS. W . F A R W E L L . W . F. M cL A N E R O B T .E .M AC G R E G O R S. S. C OO K . Assistant Cashier Assistant Assistant Assistant Assistant Cashier Cashier Cashier Cashier Cashier H A T they are Endowments in Chrysalis dis tinguishes the regular life policies of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, from those of all other companies. T Their Complete Metamorphosis from policies payable by their orig inal term s “ at death o n ly ” into Endow m ents payable at a certain and gradually diminishing age, or at prior death, results from their holders exercising their unique contract right of applying their annual dividends to the purpose of thus transforming them. T his “ Accelerative E n dow m en t” feature assures an Independent Old age to the Insured as well as an Independence to H is Family in the event of his early death, at the L o w est of Life Rates. The Vice-President of The Merchants National Bank of Cincinnati endorses this Accelerative Endowment Plan in the following letter: CAPI TAL, SI, 200, 000 SURPLUS, *300, 000 fflrrrhants National IBank C IN C IN N A T I, O. M. E. I NGALLS, PRESIDENT E. C. OOSHORN. VI CE- PRES. GEO. R. BALCH, VICE- PRES. W. W. BROWN, VI CE- PRES. H. C. YERGASON. VICE- PRES. W. P. STAMM. CASMIER C. A. STEVENS. ASS’T CASHIER M ay 4, 1908. Messrs. L. D. Drewry C8, Co., State Agents, The Mutual Benefit L ife Insurance Co. City. Gentlemen : I am today in receipt of your com pany’s check to cover the amount due me under m y policy No. 89,166, issued in 1877, at age 32, for $5,000, which has just matured as an enaowment. I am, naturally, pleased with the result o f this policy, as I took it upon the Ordinary Life plan to furnish me protection at the lowest rate, the pre mium on the $5,000 amounting to $118.50 per year. The dividends have been left with the company from the beginning, to convert the policy into an endow ment, and it matures in 31 years, giving me not only the insurance at the straight life rate, but better than two per cent, compound interest on the money paid in. Very truly yours, W . W . BROWN. T he Accelerative Endow m ent Plan is written only by tEfje illutual Peneftt Htfe 3n£. Co. of Newark, N e w Jersey F R E D E R I C K F R E L I N G H U Y S E N , President Cfje Jftrst J&ittonal panfe of jWtftoaufeee, with a capital and sur plus o f two and one-half million dollars and de posits o f fifteen millions, esteems the patronage o f 44o u t-o f-to w n 55 banks and accords them fair and liberal treatment. XLbe Glev>elanfc XLvu&t Company Cleveland, Ohio Capital, $2,500,000 Surplus, $2,500,000 E S E R V E accounts of Firms, Corporations, and Individuals cordially invited, and, if deposited under savings rules, they will draw 4 per cent, interest. Q Through our bond department, w e handle carefully selected issues of municipal and corporation bonds, yield ing the investor from 4 to 6 per cent, per annum. R Correspondence solicited NATIONAL COPPER BANK of New York Capital, - - $2,000,000 Surplus and Profits, Deposits, 2,38 2,0 0 0 18,000,000 July 15, 1908, Opened for business, May 1, 1907 Directors F. L O T H R O P A M E S , Boston JA M E S M . BECK , Former Assistant U. S. Attorney General JA M E S C. BISHOP, Redmond & Co. C H A R L E S F. B R O O K E R , President American Brass Co. W . R. C R A IG , Craig & Jenks, Cotton Commission Merchants H . O . H A V E M E Y E R , Jr., Brooklyn Eastern District Terminal H. H . H E W IT T , President Magnus Metal Co. JA M E S JO U R D A N , President Brooklyn Union Gas Co. A D O L P H L E W ISO H N , President United Metals Selling Co. W IL L IA M A . PA IN E , President Copper Range Consolidated Co. R O B E R T C. P R U Y N , Prest. Nat. Commercial Bank, Albany, N. Y. H E N R Y H . R O G E R S , Jr., Director Amalgamated Copper Co. F. W . RO EBL1N G , President J. A . Roebling Sons* Co. C H A R L E S H . SA BIN , President G E O R G E R. SH E L D O N , W . C. Sheldon and Co. R. M . S T U A R T -W O R T L E Y , Treasurer United Metals Selling Co. Officers C H A R L E S H . SABIN. JOHN D. R Y A N , - - T H O M A S F. C O L E , - - President Vice-President - Vice-President U R B A N H . B R O U G H T O N , Vice-President W A L T E R F. A L B E R T S E N , JOSEPH S. H O U SE , - - Cashier Assistant Cashier Depositary of the United States, State and City of N e w York T H E G IR A R D T R U S T C O M P A N Y C O R N E R B R O A D A N D C H E S T N U T STR E E TS, P H IL A D E L P H IA , PA. CHARTERED 1836 The i&rgtBlrar mb ®rattafrr (Emnpang of 35 Nassau Street, New York City, represents over T W O B I L L IO N S of capital and offers the best of facili ties as Transfer Agent or Registrar of listed or unlisted securities and attends to payment o f dividends. *][The Company also organizes cor porations under the laws of the lead ing charter granting States of the East, acts as Registered Agent and generally assists in all corporate matters. Transfer Agent Organization Registrar Payment of Dividends T HE NASSAU BANK is one of New Y o r k ’ s old conserva tive banking institutions. was estab lish ed in It 1 8 5 2 , and its founders made a rule, to always con serve the best interests of its clientele, which has been the policy o f each suc ceeding management. It transacts all business that lies in the channel of legitimate banking. of Credit and It issues letters Travelers’ II Hli I . 1' llll i|i] III 111 III . j mi llll Cheques, available in all parts of the world. It is thoroughlv equipped to render firstclass service and invites the accounts of firms, corporations and individuals, offering them as liberal treatment as ll II n il 11 sate banking m e t h o d s w ill perm it. O F F IC E R S W I L L I A M H. R O G E R S - President J A M E S C. B E L L Vice-President JO H N M U N RO Vice-President E D W A R D KARL W . IS. N O B L E H. P. S T U R R D IR E C T O R S JA M E S C. B E LL W I L L I A M H. R O G E R S H E N R Y C. M IL L E R SAM UEL R W EE D JO H N M U N R O iif Cashier Assistant Cashier Assistant Cashier T H E location of the I R V I N G N A T IO N A L E X C H A N G E B A N K , at W est Broadway and Chambers Street, N ew York, in the very center of the great wholesale produce and commission district, naturally makes it S T R IC T L Y A C O M M E R C IA L BANK. <L W ith a directorate of unusual strength, composed of some of N e w Y o r k ’s most substantial business men and bankers, and an official staff of trained men who are familiar with every requirement of its large clientele, the IR V IN G E X C H A N G E is prepared to render such service to banks, merchants, manufac turers and individuals, that once a business relation is established it is seldom, if ever, changed. $2,000,000. €L Capital, Surplus and Profits, $1,290,000, and De posits aggregating $23,000,000. o f f ic e r s L E W I S E. PIERSON - JAMES E. NICHOLS Vice-President BENJ. F. W E R N E R President - Cashier * CHAS. L. FA R R E L L R O L LIN P. G R A N T D A V ID H. G. P E N N Y H A R R Y E . W A R D , Asst. Cashier - Vice-President - Vice-President - Asst. Cashier ^ k > u io m d ] m United States, State and C ity Depository Capital $ 1, 000,000.00 Earned Surplus $ 700,000.00 Officers John B. Purcell, . . . President John M. Miller, Jr., Vice-Pres’t and Cashier Chas. R. Burnett, J. C. Joplin, . W . P. Shelton, . . . . . . Ass’ t Cashier Ass’ t Cashier Ass’ t Cashier Alex. F. Ryland, . . Ass’ t Cashier Correspondence Invited T o Pittsburgh, Dr. V ast natural resources, busy industries, and capable financial management place the whole country in debt to Pittsburgh and pour a steady stream of gold into her coffers. A million dollars a day she pays her laborers,— and collects from the nation she enriches. Fifteen cars are filled with the product of her mines and mills each minute of time, and a waiting country gladly accepts the consignment. T o collect her bills and finance her immense industries she has a hundred banks,— strong, conservative, ably managed. In the front rank of these institutions stands the Mellon N ational Bank— one of the twenty big banks of the country— with its capital of $4,000,000 and resources exceeding $41,000,000. Its officers and directors have been, and now are, active in the organization and management of the principal industries of the C ity. T h e y are men of substance— creditors of the Creditor C ity. T h e Bank controls a large amount of desirable business, and can make an attractive proposition to other banks and trust companies, w ith due profit to itself. W rite for particulars. Mellon National Bank P IT T S B U R G H T H E F I R S T N A T I O N A L B A N K O F ST. P A U L , M I N N . C A P IT A L $ 1,000,000. SURPLUS 5 1,000,000. E. H. BAILEY, President E. N. SAUNDERS, Vice-President W . A. MILLER, Cashier F. A. NIENHAUSER, Assistant Cashier O. M. NELSON, Assistant Cashier The Merchants Exchange National Bank of New York O R three quarters o f a century F this substantial institution maintained the confidence of has the merchants and business men of N ew York from whom it has received its patronage. C. It is strictly a commer cial bank, having no stock brokers accounts or W all Street affiliations, and it has successfully passed through all of the great financial crises that has visited this country since 1 8 2 9 , the year it was organized, which is a g u a r a n te e o f c o n se rv a tism in management. C. It offers its services to o u t -o f -t o w n banks and bankers, assuring them they will receive as liberal t r e a tm e n t as is consistent with ca refu l b a n k in g m ethods. The Corn Exchange National Bank of Chicago Capital $ 3 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 Surplus 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 . 0 0 Undivided Pronts 1 , 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 . 0 0 O # cers -i E R N E S T A. H A M IL L , President C H A U N C E Y J. B L A IR Vice-President C H A RLES L. H U T C H IN S O N Vice-President JOHN C. N E E L Y Secretary D. A. M O ULTO N Vice-President B. C. SA M M O N S Assistant Cashier FR A N K W . SM IT H Cashier JA M ESG . W A K E F IE L D A ss’t Cashier J. E D W A R D M AASS Assistant Cashier Directors C H A R L ES H. W A C K E R C H A U N C E Y J. BLAIR E D W A R D B. BUTLER C LAR E N C E B U C K IN G H A M W A T SO N F. BLAIR C H A R L E S L . H U T C H IN SO N E D W A R D A. SH E D D M A R T IN A. R YE R SO N C H A RLES H. H U L B U R D B E N JA M IN C A R P E N T E R ISAAC G. LOM BARD E D W IN G. F O R EM A N F R E D E R IC K W . CROSBY E R N E S T A . H A M IL L H E C O M M E R C IA L T R U S T C O M P A N Y OF N E W JERSEY T is located in the Commercial Tru st Company Building, adjoining the Pennsylvania Railroad Ferries, Jersey City, N ew J e r se y ; practically within the banking district of N e w York, and affords customers equal facilities and greater advantages than the N e w York banks and trust CL W it h a Capital, Surplus and companies. Profits of over $ 3 ,000,000 and a Board of Directors co m posed of som e of the m ost prominent bankers and business men of this country, it offers to custom ers the advantages o f a general banking and trust company business, together with the m ost m odem Safe Deposit accommodations to be found in the State. The Com pany has special facilities for collecting checks on any part o f the country. Cl Bank accounts and other personal property of corporations of States other than N e w York, doing business in N ew York, and of individuals, are taxable when kept in N e w York. It is therefore evident that it is of great advantage both to individuals and corporations to have Safe Deposit accom modations and Bank Accounts in the Commercial Trust Company of N e w Jersey. Officers JOHN W . H AR D E N BE R G H ROBERT S. ROSS W I L L IA M J. FIE LD JAY S. PERKINS J. RICHARD T E N N A N T President Vice-President Sec’y and Treasurer A ss't Treasurer A s s ’t Secretary Executive Committee C. C. C U Y LE R JOHN W . H AR D E N B E R G H JOHN A. M ID D L E T O N MOSES T A Y L O R P Y N E ROBERT S. ROSS M Y L E S T IE R N E Y JOHN J. VOORHEES GEORGE W . Y O U N G (I mgr & (Hantjmttg, H5ankm M embers N e w York Stock E xc ha nge Mutual Life Building, 59 Cedar Street, N ew York IN V E S T M E N T BONDS IN V E S T M E N T STOCKS W e buy and sell listed and u n lis t e d securities, and give particular care and attention to the orders of individual, National and State Banks, Savings Banks, T ru st Companies and o th e r in v e sto rs. We Invite Your Business T he Chase National Bank of the City of N ew York Capital - $5,000,000 Surplus and Profits Deposits, $5,104,992 (E a m «o - July 15, 1908, $104,558,678 Officers: A. S. C. E. B. H. C. A. H E P BU R N President M IL L E R Cashier SLAD E - Assistant Cashier LE E Assistant Cashier A. H . W IG G IN W . E. PURDY H. M. C O N K E Y A. C. A N D R E W S Vice-President Assistant Cashiei Assistant Cashiei Assistant Cashiei Directors: H. W . C A N N O N , Chairman G eorge F. B aker G ran t J am es B . Sch ley J. H il l A lbert A . Barton H . W ig g in H epburn G eorge John I. W aterbury F. B aker, Jr. W e receive accounts of Banks, Bankers, Corporations, Firms a Individuals on favorable terms, and shall be pleased to meet or correspond with those who contemplate making changes or opening new accounts. Cmpirc Crust Company N ew York City W e grow by doing Note the comparative growth of this Company since its organization. March 19, 1904 December 31, 1904 December 31, 1905 December 31, 1906 December 31, 1907 June 30, 1908 . August 20, 1908 - - - . $1,915,587.18 3,195,465.56 6,551,035.57 6,184,955.78 6,421,510.76 9,632,229.13 12,520,175.32 . - - T h is showing is the result of conservative banking and care ful attention to the business intrusted to us. Our policy has been, and is now, to firmly establish a reputation for safety and conserva tism and to refuse all propositions involving a risk as an inducement to an extensive showing. Our assets are all readily convertible into cash. N e w York is the financial center o f the United States if not of the W o r ld and a correspondent at that center is not only desirable but alm ost a necessity for the satisfactory conduct of banking and fiduciary business. Select your banking institution w isely and then give it your confidence and assistance. It is not only the balances maintained with us by our friends which gives us prestige but it is also the outside influences exerted by them in our favor which benefit us largely. Capital, Surplus and Undivided Profits $ 1,600,000 N E W Y O R K , M a in O ffice, L E ROY W . B A L D W I N , President Br an c he s: 487 Fifth A ve nu e ; 42 Broadw ay H. M. GOUGH, Secretary 242 E. Houston Street L O N D O N , F o r e i g n O f fi c e , 9 N e w B r o a d S t r e e t W . H. PAR KER, London Secretary. H E National Bank of Commerce in N ew Y ork has a thoroughly up-to-date organization and equipment for the transaction of all branches of foreign and domestic banking, and solicits co rrespondence from banks and bankers contemplating opening new or additional accounts in the metropolis. C ,W ith an intimate knowledge of the N ew Y ork requirements of banks throughout the country, assurance is given of fair, intelligent and courteous consideration. C^The combined Capital, Surplus and U ndivided Profits of the Bank is over Forty M illion Dollars. N a t io n a l B a n k of C o m m er ce in N ew Y o rk The Fort Dearborn National Bank of Chicago Totalresources of $ i 3 , 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 , adirectorate composed of p ro m in e n t, suc cessful business men and bankers, and an official staff o f experienced, practical men who make every effort, by cour teous, personal attention, to give cus tomers the most prompt and efficient service, solicits the accounts o f Banks, Corporations, Firms and Individuals. C A P IT A L SURPLUS and $ 1 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 P R O F IT S, $ 400,000 OFFICERS W M . A. T IL D E N N EL SO N N . LA M P E R T , Vice-Pres. C H A R L ES F E R N A L D , - Asst. Cashier President H E N R Y R. K E N T , Cashier C O L IN S. CAM PB ELL, Asst.C'ash. THE FOURTH NATIONAL BANK OF T H E OF NEW OFFERS CI TY YORK TO DE PO SITO RS EVERY FACILITY W HICH THEIR BALANCES, BUSINESS AND RESPONSIBILITY WARRANT. T he Phenix National Bank o f the C ity o f N ew Y o rk Directors Directors A u g u s t B e lm o n t Robert P. Perkins August Belmont & Company President Hartford Carpet Corporation E. W . Bloomingdale Capitalist Henry K . Pomroy Pomroy Brothers Alfred M . Bul l Vice-President G eo.CoffingW arner Attorney D . Crawford Clark Clark, Dodge & Company George E. R oberts E dw in A . P otter President Commercial Nat ional Bank. Chicago President, American Trust & Savings Bank, Chicago F r e d e r i c k D. U n d e r w o o d W i 1 1 r, a m Pierson H am ilton President Erie Railroad Co. J. P. Morgan & Company Richard H . Higgins Irving A . Stearns Harvey Fisk & Sons Capitalist, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Elbert H. G a r y Finis E. M arshall Chairman Board, United States Steel Corporation President Capital, - $ 1 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 Surplus, - 500,000 Officers: Finis E . Marshall Alfred M . Bull B. L. Haskins H . C. H ooley President Vice-President Cashier Assistant Cashier FREDERICK P. M cGLYNN, Asst. Cashier H E N R Y S. B A R T O W , Asst. Cashier HENR Y P. D A V IS O N , Chairman Executive Committee Capital Surplus ■ - - Undivided Profits - $1,000,000 1.500.000 900,000 BOU RSE, P A R IS T HE N E W E N G LA N D N A T IO N A L B A N K of Kansas City, Missouri, con fines itself strictly to co m m ercial banking, believing that by so doing it can 1S51 II best safeguard the interests o f its clientele. C. It has no interests to conserve, save those o f its patrons. II In its directorate are men who control some o f the principal industries o f Kansas Citv and the great Southwest. C, Its equipment for prompt, reliable and efficient service in all departments is first class. Capital and Surplus, $1,000,000.00 Deposits 11,000,000.00 N ew accounts invited Introductory N examination of the monetary and banking systems of the world, brings into prominence the fact that in all the principal countries and in a great majority of the lesser ones, the paper money is issued almost exclusively by central banks, which also act as the depositaries or treasuries of the respective Governments, and each of them serves as the heart of the banking and credit organization. While, as will be seen, there is a marked difference between the charter powers and methods of conducting business in the central institutions of the several countries, the general principles governing the systems are strikingly similar; showing conclusively that the world’s experience has demonstrated the superiority of this plan of centralizing the paper-money issuing powers and the regulation of monetary affairs in general. In only a few instances of importance are Govern ment notes made use of. In Germany and Italy a few other banks are still permitted to issue notes; in Scotland, Ireland and Canada there are a number of such banks without a central institution, but cooperating. In every case branches of the main banks provide for the distribution of the facilities to all parts of the several countries. The Governments retain a greater or less degree of control over these banks; in Russia, Sweden and Bulgaria the institutions are actually owned by the Govern ments; in France, Germany and elsewhere generally, the banks are privately-owned stock corporations, but in numerous instances the principal officers are appointed by the Governments; in England, and in a few other countries, there is no direct official control, but the Governments exercise a supervision, and the banks are conducted in harmony with the governmental policies. In all countries the banks receive and disburse the Government revenues, the public deposits being treated practically the same as other deposits in the banks are; thus the countries have their entire money supply always available for business purposes (loans and discounts), instead of having large amounts period ically locked up idle in the public treasuries, (as is the case in the United States), causing a contraction of the money-means. Since every million dollars of cash stands, under reserve provisions, for about eight millions of deposits (or loans), the importance of this feature to the business interests is apparent. Central banks do not generally receive deposits of individuals or make loans to them; but they do such business for the other banks, holding reserves for them and furnishing them with cash by re-discounting their commercial paper, when needs arise. (Hence such an institution is frequently called a “ bank of banks”.) They also deal in bullion and foreign exchange, and exercise other minor functions. Central banks are usually largely capitalized and carry substantial surpluses: these, with the other funds, give them very considerable primary financial strength, which they are permitted to increase by note-issues under varying regulations. Thus equipped with dominant financial power and the capacity to increase the local money-supply by issuing currency, they are able to determine the current, local discount (interest) rates. The rates fixed by them are those which they exact from the other banks in rediscounting. The usual course pursued is for the other banks, when they have reached the limit of their loaning power, as indicated by their reserves, to resort to the cen tral bank with some of their discounted negotiable paper, duly indorsed by them, and obtain the cash needed to enable them to continue lending. It is a general rule that such paper have not longer than 90 days to run. Thus when business is active and expanding, the central banks in most cases increase their note-issues to meet the additional demand for loans. The discount rate is in general the indicator of the supply of money-means relative to the demand; yet it is to be borne in mind that local conditions affect the local rates; and each country may be said to have its own normal rate. For example Germany’s rate is usually higher than that of England and France; Russia’s is higher than Germany’s. Bulgaria has a normal 7% rate, whereas that of Belgium is nearer 3 ^ % ; Bulgaria is far less developed, has less capital, and hence less banking facilities. It is also to be noted that the quoted rates of central banks are the minimum rates; they may exact more in special cases, and they frequently do so to restrict demands. The note-issuing power, so important in this connection, is regulated sub stantially by the amount of coin (usually gold) in the bank; the rule and prac tice varies quite materially. When, then, a pressure of demands reduces the reserve ratio, (the proportion of coin to notes and deposits), more coin must be obtained and central banks endeavor to obtain it in the markets where the new gold from the mines is purchasable, or from each other, by raising discount rates. Gold usually flows from a place where rates are low to a point where it can earn relatively higher rates; relatively because of the difference in normal rates; thus the 6% rate at St. Petersburg will not necessarily bring gold from Paris where the 3% rate prevails; conditions are adjusted to the normal rates. Discount rates at other banks, (known as “ open market rates”) are usually lower than those at the central bank; they are in competition for individual business. Y e t the rates rise and fall, in general, with the central bank rates. It is obvious that the great banks have, under their charters, important pub lic duties to perform. They are the instrumentalities by means of which the Governments provide the people with tools of exchange and credit facilities. Profit-making is usually regarded as a secondary consideration. Y et the func tions are in most cases so nicely adjusted, that shareholders receive satisfactory dividends. In the following pages the varying systems are discussed; this enables a comparison to be made between them and with the unique system in use here; and there is finally presented an account of our former central bank, in order to recall that at one time our system was in practical harmony with the world’s best. The British Banking System T H E BANK OF EN G LAN D The Bank of England, while not the oldest bank, is the most ancient of the important issuebanks of the world. It is a privately owned stock corporation, first chartered July 27, 1694, upon lines devised by a Scotchman, William Paterson. bullion; but it may increase its bond-secured notes from time to time to the extent of twothirds of the amount of the notes of the other banks permanently retired. The act of 1844 also required the separation The initial capital was £1,200,000 of the note-issuing business of the Bank and and that sum was loaned at 8 % to the Royal its banking business; and a public weekly Treasury, by Paterson and his associates, who report of its condition was prescribed. were then authorized to issue circulating notes The bond-secured notes now amount to £18,450,000; so that the Bank has, since 1844, upon this “ public debt.” The note-issuing power, however, was not exclusive; other banks acquired the right to issue about £4,450,000, exercised this function also. The Bank grew in importance with the devel by means of the discontinuance of the issue of opment of the nation,although not without meet other banks; these latter have still about £500,000 of notes in use at this time. Thus ing reverses in the earlier years. Its capital was the Bank of England notes issued otherwise increased and its charter modified, as occasion required; thus by 1708 the capital stood at have been gold certificates, there being no £4,400,000 and in 1711 it was authorized to authority under the law to increase the amount of paper money except on deposit of coin or issue notes beyond that sum. bullion. By 1816, when But the Government has, upon occa the gold standard was adopted, the capital had sions of trouble, temporarily given the Bank the reached the present figure of £14,553,000. The right to increase the issue beyond the limit (on increased capital was usually loaned to the its credit), in order to stay panics; in 1847, 1857 and 1866 the restriction of the bank act Government, and the great needs of the country during the Napoleonic wars compelled theGovemment to permit the Bank to suspend specie was thus suspended. payments from 1797 to 1821. Notes were at a to allay distrust in the two other years. discount during this period. Troubles also occurred in 1825, 1826, and 1837. Actually the power was used only in 1857; the mere authority served The Bank acts as the Treasurer of the Gov ernment; it holds other (private) deposits as These disturbances led to the revisions of the paper currency laws of the Kingdom; the well, but rather limited in amount, except for first (1829) was to prohibit the issue of notes there; it deals in bullion and foreign exchange; under £ 5 in England; the second (1833) made and is compelled by the act of 1844 to pay £ 3 , other banks, which carry large reserve balances the Bank’s notes legal tender in England and 17s. 9d per ounce for gold of the British stand Wales, (except as to payments by the Bank ard ( .9 1 6 ^ fine) to anyone bringing it to its itself,) so long as they continued redeemable in gold; weekly statements also began at this time offices; it has the right to establish branches, but has, in fact, only eleven. Its loans are chiefly made by re-discounting for other banks. The gold-purchasing function is important, since the money supply can be increased only but were not published. Finally, in 1844, the other banks in England were prohibited from increasing their note-issues and the Bank’s issue power was limited. The restriction is as fol lows: The Bank may have out notes based on public debt to the amount of £14,000,000, or by gaining gold. The absolute Mint price for the metal is £3 17s. io£ d. per oz., ordinarily ex pressed 77s. io£, and this price may be obtained about the extent of its capital; any issues in by any seller of gold at the Mint if he be content excess thereof must be covered by coin and to await his turn in the coining process. The BANK OF ENGLAND difference of i^d. per oz. in the Bank price is the charge exacted for immediate payment. The The ratio of gold to notes was thus fully 67 per cent. It is to be observed that as note issues in Bank may, of course, pay more, and frequently crease the ratio of gold grows larger, since the ad does. ditional issues are allowed only on gold, pound Its price for gold is, in general, indicative of the status of the supply and demand in the world at large. for pound. (The £ is $4.86§.) British colonial possessions pro duce the greater part of the world’s annual out B a n k in g D e p a r t m e n t put of gold; this has contributed largely toward Capital making London the primary market for the metal. Surplus There is no legal reserve requirement for any of the banks. As the reserve depository for the other British banks, the Bank endeavors to main tain in gold and notes 40 per cent, of the deposit liabilities in the banking department; when the ratio falls below that figure it curtails loans by increasing the discount rate; this results in the payment of existing loans and the borrowing elsewhere, which tend to increase the coin in hand. Instead of raising rates the Bank may, if conditions favor, increase its price for gold, thus . £14,553,000 3*167,653 Public Deposits 10,170,059 Other Deposits 46,167,208 Other Items 64,878 Total £74,122,798 Government Securities ^15,237,531 Other Securities and Loans 30,023,299 Bank Notes 27,308,870 Gold and Silver Coin 1,553,098 Total £74,122,798 enabling it to secure the new supplies arriving in London, or drawing it from such other money The Bank’s reserve thus stood at over 51 per centers as show a lower price for the metal. cent.; this is reached by contrasting the notes Sometimes both these devices for protecting its and coin on hand with the total of the two classes reserves are employed. of deposits. Upon the whole this seems a clumsy and ex The size of the reserve ratio obvi ously determined the low discount rate; in fact, pensive method of increasing the money supply; money was so plentiful, in the absence of active for it is obvious that the higher discount rates demand, that it was at the time regarded as cer and the premium upon gold, must be paid by tain that the Bank would soon reduce its rate to a those who are at the time compelled to borrow; point nearer the open market rate, which is prac this operates as a tax upon trade and industry. tically regulated by the other banks. Yet the British appear to be, in general, well sat The Bank is managed by a board of twenty- isfied with their system. Below are given statements of the condition of four directors, who, with the chief officer (gov ernor) and his deputy (not directors), are all the Bank on June 24,1908, at which time its dis chosen by the shareholders. The capital stock count rate was 2% per cent.; in the open market is divided into £100 shares. The voting is not rates were below i£ per cent.; the price of bar by shares; gold was 77s. io^d. the oz. It will be seen that vote, no matter how many shares he may hold; the report of the banking department is rather but no voting right accrues until the holder .has meagre in details. five shares. no shareholder has more than one The Government thus exercises only a very limited supervision over its affairs. There is no further liability upon shareholders Issu e D e p a rtm e n t than the amount of their stock. Notes Issued ^56,3011,515 Government Debt £11,015,100 Dividends have been paid uninterruptedly; prior to 1903 the rate was 10 per cent, for a period covering fourteen Other Securities Gold Coin and Bullion 7,434,900 37,851,515 years; since then it has been 9 per cent. The shares are quoted at about 290. The Bank pays no interest upon deposits; never permits an overdraft; never loans on realestate security of any kind. It manages the pub- lie debt for the Government (for a compensation), leaving £603,800,000 for those of London and and buys and sells Government securities for its making the banking power of the city about customers; it acts as the settling office for the £732,600,000 or approximately $3,600,000,000. London Clearing-House. It never reissues a It is questionable if the London joint-stock and note, no matter how clean and crisp it may be; private banks have more than 5 per cent, of and the notes are printed in its own shop in the actual cash reserves; or, say, £27,000,000; the head office in Threadneedle Street. Bank had £30,746,000; An important factor in the British banking system is the branch-bank feature. While the Bank itself has only eleven branches, the other banks in England and Wales, of which there are 68, have over 5,000 branches. This shows great it would thus appear that the cash held by all of the English banks was not greater than £62,000,000, or less than 9 per cent, upon the deposits reported. It must be borne in mind that the use of checks is much more extensive in Great Britain than concentration in recent years, for in 1896 there anywhere else in the world; hence actual cur were still 144 individual banks; many of them rency (coin and notes) is not required in such have been merged. large volume; the “ deposit-currency” is, hence, the important feature, and adequate coin for re serves against the deposits is essential. T h e O th er B anks Obvi ously the bulk of the business is done by the joint- We must now consider the other banks, which stock banks, and owing to their inadequate pro in fact constitute the major part of the British tection, they fall back upon the Bank in periods system, of which the Bank is the central organ. of pressure for discounts. There are two classes of reporting banks, the count rates are not nearly as stable as they might The result is that dis joint-stock (incorporated) and private; (there be, were the system devised to provide larger re are, of course, many private bankers who do not serves and greater flexibility to note-issues. report). Two of the private banks date from the In the period from 1888 to 1907 the Bank’s 17th century; they are gradually being merged discount rate fluctuated between 2 and 7 per or incorporated, yet their resources at last report, cent., the last-named rate having been compul early in 1908, amounted to over £32,000,000. sorily reached by the Bank during the panic of In the following table the joint stock banks of 1907, when the imperative demand for gold from the country are included with those of London. New York caused a depletion of the Bank’s re Reports are published twice a year of all of serves. This maximum rate had not been these banks, and some furnish more frequent quoted since 1873, when similar disturbances in statements; only a very few, however, report the the United States affected London. actual cash carried, usually including the sums twenty-year period named the changes in the rate During the held at bankers and often money “ on call ” ; thus numbered 115; in only one year, 1895, was there the true net reserve position is not given. no change; the 2 per cent, rate then prevailing In fact the cash reserves of the London joint-stock lasted from February, 1894, to September, 1896, banks is known to be relatively small, which the period of abundant banking means through causes an added burden to the central bank. out the world, consequent upon the greatly di O f the joint-stock banks’ resources £179,000,000 are to be credited to the country banks, thus minished demands due to the depression in busi ness following the panic of 1893. During the B r i t i s h B a n k i n g P o w e r , M a y , 1908 ( I n T h o u s a n d s o f P o u n d s ) Bank of England Capital, Surplus, etc. Deposits Net Circulation Other Items Totals 17^36 49^31 29,514 Other Joint Stock Private Total English Scotch Irish, etc. Total British 107,550 724,684 30,193 167,269 137,743 891,953 353 4,156 26,957 75 29,942 14,060 44,002 81 48,307 1,050 49,438 7,370 56,808 96,562 782,814 32,238 911,614 218,892 1,130,506 85,558 648,596 two years after the Baring failure (1890-91), the tenance of higher rates both for discounts and changes numbered 23; in 1893 there were 12 for gold for the remainder of November and the changes; in most of the years since 1888 there greater part of December, forcing Germany to were 6 or more. give up more of its yellow metal; on December Clearly the discount rate responds to condi 12 the Bank’s gold stood at $166,000,000; loans tions reflected in the banking status; the supply were reduced some $23,000,000; the reserve of metal is generally not so large that a loss of reached 47 per cent. $10,000,000 can be sustained without creating a another $17,000,000 of gold was lost to New’ disturbance in the credit market. York; loans expanded by $13,000,000, leaving The point to In the following fortnight be noted is, however, that the increase in rates the reserve at 40 per cent. constitutes a tax upon business and the insta by this time satisfied; the price of gold was re bility of rates is very undesirable. duced to 77s. iod. If fluctua But New York was tions could be limited, both as to range and fre In Europe banks are required to make special quency, the general welfare would be promoted. arrangements at the end of the year to provide Serious critics in London have for years urged for the annual settlements; they hence expand that the joint-stock bank reserves should be ma loans and deposits very largely, and in some in terially increased, as a partial remedy for the stances note-issues as well. evil. A concrete illustration of the operation of the named course is not usually followed. In England the lastWith an increase of $9,000,000 in gold in the last week of Bank is afforded by the record made during the December, and the demand upon it abating, the New York panic of 1907. Immediately preced Bank reduced its discount rate to 6 per cent., ing the crisis (about the middle of October), the swelled its loans by $39,000,000, and deposits Bank held over 49 per cent, of reserves, with even more, bringing the reserve to less than 36 $169,000,000 of gold, and its discount rate was per cent. 4^ per cent.; yet it was bidding for gold, having (its own parity) and the Bank was getting all the raised the price for the yellow metal to 77s. iofd., new metal coming to the market. The price for gold stood at 77s. 9Jd. By the end of During the week of January 9 the gold stock the month, with its gold reduced by $15,000,000, was back to $169,000,000, the extraordinary or slightly above the Mint parity. its reserve was slightly under 40 per cent., the loans were repaid, deposits fell $48,000,000, and discount rate advancing to 5^ per cent., and the the reserve ratio rose to 48 per cent. bid for gold was 78s. In the first week of N o abundant precaution the discount rate was not vember $14,000,000 more gold left the Bank, and reduced, although gold bars were quoted below Still out of the reserve fell to nearly 35 per cent., which was the Bank’s par. followed by a double rise in the discount rate, gold gain continued and the discount rate was first to 6 per cent., then to 7 per cent.; the price reduced first to 5 per cent, and then to 4 per cent., of gold was raised to 78s. $d. for the reserves were placed at considerably This latter move brought gold from Germany, and thus, despite some shipments to New York, the reserve was increased by $15,000,000. In In the following two weeks the above 50 per cent. London had shipped about $100,000,000 of gold to New Y ork; it recouped itself by drawing the following week, by means of friendly nego half the amount from Berlin, obtaining $16,000,- tiations, gold was obtained from France, but the 000 from Paris, and about $34,000,000 in the demand continued and the $16,000,000 thus open market. added and $6,000,000 of the previous stock went premium for gold (probably something more than out of the Bank. 3 per cent.) the British needs were not supplied The price for gold fell off a While New York paid a heavy Up without a relatively higher interest charge, owing to this time the Bank had not decreased its loans; to the pressure upon the Bank; this was unques little, but discounts remained at 7 per cent. indeed, from October 17 to November 7, these tionably chargeable to the fact that the expansion had grown $42,000,000, but clearly subject to of money and credit is possible only through the higher rates imposed. Pressure from New York compelled the main disturbance gold is in universal demand, and acquisition of gold. During a period of financial SCOTLAND therefore more costly; hence a system resting ex clusively upon gold and providing inadequately for reserves, is more expensive to the people. It was suggested, during the 1907 crisis, that the Government again come to the Bank’s relief, by suspending the restriction upon the note-issue, permitting an expansion by means of credit pa per money. But this step was not taken, prob ably because the open market rate for money (at the other banks), continued considerably below the Bank’s rate; on December 12, for example, it was 5I per cent, or 1J per cent, below the “ offi cial” quotation; indicating that, in the absence of reserve restraints, the joint-stock banks were expanding local credits sufficiently to meet de mands. has a unique system with ten banks of issue, of which the Bank of Scotland, chartered in 1695, is the chief one. The note-issues are regulated by a law of 1845, practically as in England; a fixed amount (£2,676,350) may be issued upon securities; any excess must be backed by coin. Notes may be of denominations as low as £ 1 . Actually, however, the greater part of business is carried on by means of bank credits (checks), which system is more highly developed, so far as the general population is concerned, than elsewhere. The banks are all private corporations; their capital aggregates £9,241,000. There are nearly It is certain that this most recent experience 1,200 branches, by means of which every com of the operation of the system, under special munity, no matter how small, is within easy pressure, was far from satisfactory to the most reach of banking facilities, and the Scotch enlightened practical bankers in England; they people are served as well as human ingenuity have publicly voiced the opinions that there is can devise. need for improvement, particularly to obviate notes are not redeemable at the branches. the disturbances resulting from the operations of the heterogeneous system of the United States. An important feature is that the The margin of note-issues is rarely exhausted and the discount rates, only slightly affected by the fluctuations in London, are quite steady at 4 per cent. Other British Banking Interests In addition to the Scotch and Irish banks, discussed below, British influence is extensively employed in banks in the colonies and depend The condition of the banks early in 1908 was as follows: encies of the empire: India and other Far East ern points, South Africa, Australasia, Canada Capital and Surplus and minor possessions in America. Notes The sys £18,230,000 7.410.000 tems vary to render them adaptable to the con Deposits and Current Accounts ditions in each case. Acceptances 4.623.000 Other Items 2.065.000 Total £141,051,000 The colonial banks which are conducted 108,723,000 largely by means of British capital are specific ally referred to elsewhere. It is here proper to say that reports of thirty-one of these, with about 2,200 branches, show £37,570,000 of Cash in Hand, at Banks, etc. capital and £357,306,000 of resources. Investments There £26,973,000 31.953.000 are also banks under British control operating Discounts 15.970.000 largely in foreign countries; seventeen of these Advances 57.053.000 show capital about £12,000,000 and assets fully Other Items 9.102.000 £125,000,000, the greater part being employed in South America. The ramifications of these banks and their The cash in hand amounted to about£5,400,000. The Bank of Scotland had fully one- branches bring about a very important increase sixth of the aggregate resources. of power to British banking resources and are manifestly not large in ratio, but it is to be hence profits, aiding her foreign and colonial remembered that Scotland is not exposed to in trade enormously. ternational demands for money. The reserves BANK OF IR E L A N D , C O LLE G E IR E L A N D G R E E N , D U B L IN , IR E L A N D The non-issue banks have about £12,000,000 Here, too, a similar system prevails, six banks of the resources; the Bank of Ireland has fully issuing paper money, the chief one being the one-fourth of the aggregate. Bank of Ireland, chartered in 1783. held by issue-banks was about £3,600,000, private corporations, and They are their note-issuing powers are regulated by the law of 1845. They The actual cash showing a low ratio of cash reserves, and that one-half of the notes are credit issues; but the may issue £6,354,494 of notes (as low as £1), law affords a large margin of expansion. upon securities; any excess must be covered by nine banks have more than 600 branches. coin. Balance sheet of the Bank of Ireland for June 30, 1908: The check system is less prevalent than in other parts of the United Kingdom. Notes Capital are redeemable at the branches. There are also three other banks of discount Rest (Surplus) and the aggregate returns of all of them show as Undivided Profits follows, early in 1908: Notes in Circulation Capital and Surplus Deposits and Current Accounts Notes £11,779,000 57,486,000 Public Deposits Deposits and Current Accounts The £2,769,230 1,034,000 179,133 2,594,548 2,915,312 11,084,738 6,582,000 Other Items Total Cash on Hand, at Banks, etc. Investments 678,000 £76,525,000 Cash on hand and at Bank of Eng- £11,528,000 land Cash at Call 19,665,000 Discounts 6,178,000 Advances 38,047,000 Other Items Total 1,107,000 £20,576,961 £i> 593>389 1,276,215 Loans and Discounts 9,549,795 Securities 8,041,490 Real Estate, etc. 116,072 T H E R E IC H SB A N K , BERLIN The Imperial Bank of the German Empire The German Banking System T H E IM PE R IA L BANK OF G E R M A N Y (D IE R E IC H SB A N K ) The Imperial Bank of Germany was estab lished soon after the unification of the Empire and the adoption of the gold standard; it was designed with the purpose of assisting Ger many’s industrial and commercial develop ment. Its charter dates from March 14, 1875; it was, however, the natural successor of the old Bank of Prussia, which had been in exist ence since 1765. It actually began business January 1, 1876. Each of the confederated' states then had its own banks, with note-issuing powers, and it was provided that as these sur rendered their rights of emission they accrued to the central institution. O f thirty-three local banks only four continue at this time to issue notes, one in each of the following named states: Baden, Bavaria, Saxony, Wurtemberg. The Imperial Bank is a privately-owned stock corporation; the management is arranged as follows: a board of curators of Government officials, with the Imperial Chancellor as Chair man, exercises general supervision; a board of directors, (including the President,) appointed by the Emperor, for life, have the immediate direction of the business, in co-operation with a committee chosen by the shareholders. This scheme of management makes it practi cally a Government institution. Shareholders’ representatives have no voice in its policy. The charter is now given for ten-year periods; it expires again in 1911. The Government reserves the right to acquire all the shares at “ book-value ” at the end of any period, in lieu of renewing the charter. The capital of the bank is 180,000,000 marks, divided into 1,000-mark and 3,000-mark shares; it was increased from the original sum of 120,000,000 marks, to 150,000,000 marks in 1901, and to the present sum in 1904. The note-issuing power is regulated in a unique manner; all the (5) banks are permitted to issue notes upon credit to the total amount of about nine marks per capita of population, which sum was last fixed at 541,600,000 marks; in addition they may issue to the amount of gold, silver, treasury notes and other bank notes held; furthermore notes may be issued upon credit to any amount called for by business, sub ject to payment of 5 % tax to the Government, calculated weekly. The amount of the untaxed credit notes allotted to the Imperial Bank is 472,829,000 marks, or say $112,500,000. Thus if the Bank has 1,500,000,000 marks of notes in circulation, and its coin and other notes in reserve amount to 939,000,000 marks; it will have 561,000,000 marks of credit notes, of which 88,171,000 marks would be subject to the tax. O f course a ll notes not covered by cash must be covered with commercial paper having not more than ninety days to run; and at least one-third of the “ cover” must be in cash. In theory the tax rate influences the dis count rate; for there would obviously be no profit in loaning money (notes) at \ % % , and paying a tax upon the notes of 5 % . Yet the Bank, as a public duty, frequently issues taxed notes when its discount charge is less than the tax rate, in order to accommodate business demands. The occasions for the emission of taxed notes come usually in the fall, for crop-moving, and at the end of the year, when annual settlements are made.' Prior to 1895 there were only 16 weeks in which taxed notes were used; subsequently, owing to the expansion of business, the use was much more frequent; thus in 1898 for 16 weeks and in 1899 and 1900 for 20 weeks each; since then the occasions have again been less until the panic period of 1907. The maximum over-issue was 626,000,000 marks at the end of December 1907. The system obviously provides for greater flexibility than that of England, but not as freely as that of France. The bank notes are not legal tender, but are accepted everywhere in the Empire; they are now issued in denomination of 100 and 1,000 marks only. A comparative statement of the Bank’s condition, to illustrate its business, follows, being the average weekly condition for 1896 and the actual condition on February 17,1908: OPEN DEPOSIT ROOM IM P E R IA L B A N K OF G E R M A N Y (in Resources: m ark s, equ al to 23.8 c e n t s ) 1896 1908 891,988,000 928,219,000 Capital 120,000,000 180,000,000 22,235,000 74,089,000 Surplus 30,000,000 64,814,000 Notes of Other Banks 11,083,000 28,749,000 Circulation Coin and Bullion* Treasury Notes Loans and Discounts 752,333,000 1,039,188,000 Securities 6,959,000 38,433,000 1896 Liabilities: 1908 1,083,497,000 i , 3S9,292,ooo 83,188,000 ,7 3 4 ,8 i 6 , ooo 2,218,765,000 Fixed sum of untaxed credit notes permitted 293,400,000 472,829,000 Margin of untaxed notes 135,209,000 144,574,000 50,218,000 O O Other Items 00 531,471,000 17,060,000 W IH 484,259,000 Deposits Other Items Totals i * Partly silver, as explained below. (To estimate amount of untaxed notes de excellence a currency-issuing institution. Its duct from amount of circulation the totals of deposits aside from those of the Government coin, bullion and other notes, then find the and other banks are not very large. difference between the result and the fixed amount of credit notes given above.) The details of the reports of the Bank are not very full; thus, Government deposits are not The Treasury notes referred to are irredeem given separately. able Government issues based upon a gold “ war- The Bank is permitted to carry in its cash a chest” fund held in the fortress atSpandau; substantial amount of silver coin, but it reports they amount to only 120,000,000 marks. the sum only at the end of each year. They are legal tender for all purposes. At the end of 1905 it had 207,000,000 marks out of a The taxing feature provides elasticity to the total of 703,500,000 marks; at the end of 1907 volume of money, since there is no limit within, the silver was 206,600,000 marks and the total reasonable demand, that cannot be supplied at coin 704,000,000. This shows about 26 per the price of the tax; and the tax operates to cent, silver in the reserves, a circumstance not limit demand and to cause contraction when generally given full weight in the discussions of proper needs have been met. the Bank’s condition. To illustrate: Treasury notes and in the statement for the 7th of February, the notes of the four other banks are also available amount of the taxed notes shows 54,000,000 for reserve. marks, so that the contraction in the ten days The Bank has its principal office in Berlin; intervening (to the date of the statement for branches and agencies exist in every section of February 17, 1908, given above) amounted to the empire; in all there are about four hundred about 198,000,000 marks. From December 11, and eighty places of business, at some of which, 1907, to the end of that month, the expansion however, only certain specific lines are trans had been 431,000,000 marks; during the month acted. of January following, the reduction of taxed at branches unless these have the requisite cash notes amounted to 588,000,000 marks (say on hand to spare. $140,000,000). This is clearly a large range of expansion and contraction. For example, notes are not redeemable Dividends may be paid to shareholders up to 3^ per cent.; out of any further divisible profits The use of checks in Germany, while greater shareholders may have one-fourth, the Govern than in France, is far less general than in Great ment taking three-fourths. Britain and the United States. (A recent law were divided 25,406,000 marks, of which the designed to extend their use is about to be put shareholders received 11,076,600 marks, giving into operation.) them a little more than 6 per cent. For this reason the Bank is par Thus in 1905 there In 1906 they received 8.2 per cent., in 1907 nearly 9.9 per ranged between 3 and 7^ per cent., the latter cent. There are nearly 19,000 shareholders,giving being the maximum in its record, made during an average holding of less than 10,000 marks each. the panic of 1907. There were sixty-nine An extensive and most useful branch of the changes in the period; in only two of the years business of the Bank is the free transfers of was there only one change, the average number funds for its customers, from place to place in being over three annually. the Empire, largely by means of book-credits; rate fluctuated between 3.12 and 6.03 per cent., domestic exchange, in other words. The annual average The sum and the mean rate for the double decade was 4.06 handled on this account in 1907 was over 130,- per cent. In twelve of the years the rate reached 000,000,000 marks; this shows an increase of or exceeded 5percent.,thetax limit. Taxed notes 100 per cent, in the eight years ending with that were issued in each of these twelve years, but year. also in the remaining eight when rates were lower. Of the gross business (“ turnover”) of that year, reported as having been 299,000,000- The average rate for 1907 compared with 000 marks, the transfers for the public, counted other chief centers is given as follows: Berlin, upon both sides of the ledgers, obviously con 6.03 per cent.; London, 4.92 per cent.; Paris, stituted over 80 per cent, of the total. 3.46 per cent.; Brussels, 4.94 per cent.; Amster The most interesting question turns upon the dam, 5.10 per cent. discount rate, and the influence thereupon of the unique paper currency system. In general the charge is higher in Germany than in either The Bank reports its condition, briefly, four times each month (not weekly). Reviewing the periodical statements for the dates antecedent England or France, and the fluctuations are to the panic of 1907 and subsequent thereto, we much more numerous than in France, though shall have a pertinent illustration of the manner not nearly as frequent as in England. In the twenty-year period, from 1888 to 1907, the rate in which the system operates. In the table pre sented the statistics are given in millions 0} dollars: Reserves* 1907, Oct. Note Issue Deposits Gold 9 407 128 129 IS 23 380 138 143 131 134 131 133 31 Nov. 8 IS 23 Dec. 30 7 14 Loans Reserve Ratiof Discount Rate 72 79 343 37- 6 % 321 4 0 .9 % 141 82 130 123 73 78 79 309 338 33° 319 129 124 80 310 360 I l6 113 72 349 35i 373 449 113 114 4 0 -5 % 129 117 73 75 330 3i 5 43 - 8 % 39 - 3 % 39*5% 4i - 4% 43 - 2% 39 - 7% 54% 5i % 5i % 320 40 - 5% 120 76 34i 3 8 -6 % ■ Il8 69 442 30 - 9 % 39 - ° % 45 - i % 366 385 372 357 343 122 7 408 134 157 I25 132 72 i5 3 66 136 146 80 35i 302 23 34i 136 163 81 271 23 3i 1908, Jan. Other Cash * Gold is estimated in part. 51 - 1 % Taxed Notes 94 56 3i 6i % 69 7i % 7i % 60 7i % 7i % 7i % 7i % 7i % 7i % 7i % 6i % 6% 42 26 62 48 46 64 149 87 28 none t Reserves of all cash against notes and deposits. The reserve ratio is calculated upon the basis ury notes and notes of other banks held in the of all cash against the notes outstanding and reserves, approximately $30,000,000 in amount, deposits; were the ratio based upon gold alone, were not to be reckoned quite equal to gold. it would obviously be much smaller at each The increase in the discount rate to the highest period, since the Bank held $40,000,000 to $47,- point in the Bank’s record was obviously due to 000,000 of silver continually, and this coin has its serious loss of gold; while it became possible only a limited legal tender power. at the high price offered for money, to recoup The Treas- somewhat from Russia and other points on the serves; for Germany has the largest estimated continent, the drain to London for New York amount of gold in actual use by the people, partly continued so long, that the falling of reserves because no notes are issued below 100 marks. could not be checked. In all, Germany fur The present inactivity in money should also en nished $50,000,000 of its own and the otherwise able the Bank to acquire a large part of the acquired gold, to satisfy the New York demand, world’s new product. via the British center. open to question whether the Bank could succeed Upon the other hand, it is The statements indicate that discounts were in holding the metal, under its present system, materially checked, at a period, too, when they upon occasions when imperious demands arise. were probably needed; almost at the climax of Yet the French Bank did so. the movement of gold outward, the amount of As an additional protection to its gold, the taxed notes outstanding reached the minimum Bank makes it a special feature of its business In practical op to carry a considerable amount in foreign bills eration, under this severe test, the taxed-note for the period (November 23). of exchange, which can manifestly be used to feature clearly failed to provide means for relief; remit in case of demands, say from London; money at 7^ per cent, at the Bank and at 7 per and the purchase of these bills is so arranged cent, in the open market, did not in that week that the maturity dates are graduated, from one bring into use the expansion of notes. to six weeks, for example. It is In times of ordinary probable that the pressing needs for discounts demands this is very useful; but under great were largely satisfied by other banks. pressure for actual gold, this substitute will not The usual annual settlement period was, how suffice; a postponement of the remittance of ever, met in the customary manner; the reserve actual metal, in such circumstances, merely was permitted to decline below 31 per cent., and compels the advance of discount rates (or the the untaxed notes were largely increased; loans price offered for the gold) at the point of expanded more than $100,000,000 during that demand. last week of the year, even at the high rate. It has been suggested that the increase in the Within a fortnight thereafter the reserve was margin of untaxed notes would be an improve speedily replenished and the discount rate began ment. to fall; the taxed notes were retired and there tion, but it must be borne in mind that the re There is some merit in this recommenda was a margin of $15,000,000 of free notes issu serves would have to be increased proportion able, with reserves at 51 per cent., on January 23. ately. Still appreciating its weakness the Bank held zation the untaxed notes allowed amounted to It should be recorded that at its organi rates high to attract gold, for some time there 272,720,000 marks; in 1890 the sum was 288,- after. The experiences of this period made manifest 025,000; in 1900 it was still only 293,400,000 that the system is not perfect in operation. mitted, which soon reached the present fixed Ger marks; in 1901 a material increase was per many requires ample banking facilities and these sum of 472,829,000 marks. should be supplied in a manner which obviates population since the opening of the century has The increase in such disturbances, generated by the defective been considerable; and since the allowance is system in the United States. A commission based upon population, it is not likely that there was therefore appointed by the Government to would be much opposition to the increase of the consider the subject and recommend such untaxed notes by 100,000,000 marks at this time. No re It is proper to note that Germany has experi port has, as yet, been published of the action of enced an enormous expansion of bank credits, this body, which began its sessions in May, 1908. not unlike that which took place in the United changes as might be deemed advisable. The data given indicate insufficient reserves States. Her expanding commerce and indus for a central bank in one of the chief commercial tries have been served in a fairly satisfactory centers of the world. It is probable that this de manner, not the least of the advantages gained fect could be remedied by providing means to through the establishment of the Bank being the gather more of the gold in the country into re uniformity and lower general range of discount rates throughout the empire. But in this age of portant ones, report for the end of 1907 a large intense competition and diminution of the profit volume of means and business. margins, it is imperative that the f l u c t u a t i o n s is over $620,000,000, and the aggregate resources Their capital be also kept within more reasonable range. amount to $2,800,000,000. Rates which would appear moderate in the tions carry nearly one-half these resources, the Five of the institu United States could not be borne, in the long Deutsche Bank heading the list with $445,000,- run, by Germany’s industries, operating as they 000. are, upon a lower profit-margin basis. Hence counts; they rely for rediscounts upon the Im These banks carry the large deposit ac the 7J per cent, rate, which lasted over two perial Bank and have very considerable sums on months at the end of 1907, was a most serious deposit with it as part of their reserves; they re handicap. port about $200,000,000 of cash in hand and at In the discussion of the taxed-credit-note banks and bankers. Even if the major part of system of bank issues, that of Germany has been this sum is cash, the reserves are obviously not the example most prominently before us. large. The merits of her fixed rate have been brought into Included in the above statement are those of contrast with a proposed graduated charge. The the four other issue banks; they have 72,000,000 theory is that when an expansion of notes is marks of capital and issue about 148,000,000 requisite by reason of normal business needs, marks of notes; they had 81,000,000 marks of the tax should be moderate to the end that in cash on hand; deposit liabilities are placed at dustry be not burdened too heavily; but that the 66,000,000 marks. tax should be increased to induce a contraction 68,771,000 marks of notes on credit untaxed, of note-issues when the demands have lessened. paying 5 per cent, on any excess issue over this Such an increase could be regulated either in sum and the cash on hand. accordance with the amount of notes issuable, or in the measure of the time during which notes are permitted to be used, progressing weekly or monthly. They are authorized to issue These returns indicate a banking power of commercial banks of about 14,000,000,000 marks, or approximately $3,300,000,000, or less for the entire country than that of the city of Such a provision would probably be desirable where the banks themselves determine the volume of emissions; but where, as in Germany, the Government, through its officials, controls the volume, it is questionable if the graduated plan would prove more advantageous. T h e O th er B anks London alone. Germany provides by means of separate insti tutions for mortgage loans. Seven of these re port over 3,400,000,000 marks of assets. them dates from 1835. One of For small borrowers, chiefly agricultural, another class of institutions exists. The other banks in the Empire, which are quite numerous and include several very im The balance sheet of the Deutsche Bank for the end of 1907 follows in marks: Capital 200.000.000 Cash Surplus Funds 100.000.000 Due from Banks 56,959,955 Deposits 476,104,010 Securities, Coupons, etc. 95,001,501 Current Accounts 788,301,712 Bills Discounted 786,395,205 Acceptances Advances and Current Accounts 686,852,320 Other Items 263>537>867 43,788,265 Syndicate Interests 135,000,078 Total 1,871,731,854 It will be observed that the cash holdings are not very large. For the rapidly developing foreign business Other Items 86,228,077 25,294,718 banks have been established to operate in Asia, in Brazil, in Chile and other parts of South America. Their assets are fully 450,000,000 marks. The French Banking System T H E BANK OF FRANCE (L A B A N Q U E D E F R A N C E ) The great French banking institution dates second Empire the communists controlled from 1800, although its powers respecting note- Paris, the Bank issues were not important until made so by the although it was compelled to suspend coin pay law of 1803; Napoleon I. receives the credit ments of its notes. for its creation. continued doing business The charter at first ran to The provisions of law governing note-issues 1818, then to 1843, then renewed in 1867, and include no specific restrictions as to reserves; finally in 1897. The capital originally 30,000, the maximum amount of notes issuable is fixed 000 francs was increased from time to time, by law and has been increased as business reaching the present figure 182,500,000 francs needs developed; the original law prescribes that in 1857; shares are 1,000 francs each. Not the notes “shall be so proportioned to the re until 1848 did the actual monopoly of noteissuing center in the Bank; and it was necessary serve cash in the vaults of the Bank and with such regard for the maturing of negotiable in order to acquire this power, to purchase a paper held by the Bank, that the Bank can at number of other banks which had ancient no time be exposed to danger of delaying pay privileges to emit paper money. ment of its obligations when presented.” But The stock of the Bank is all in private hands, it is to be said that France is a bi-metallic but the Government appoints the chief official country; since the law of 1803 both gold and and his immediate assistants; the direction is silver five-franc pieces, are full legal tender; entrusted to a “ general council” of seventeen hence the Bank may redeem its notes in either and three “ censors,” chosen by the share class of coin. holders; but the chief official (governor) has the power to veto the council’s acts. The notes are a legal tender. The discount of notes and bills is limited to paper containing at least three names, and in Having in mind that France has changed general having not to exceed ninety days to run; its form of government many times since the in fact the bulk of the business consists of re establishment of the Bank, the fact that it con discounts for other banks. tinues to exist, more useful and powerful than Following are comparative statements of the ever, is a tribute to the wisdom of its founders condition of the Bank in July 1896 and inJanuary and managers. 1908, showing a marked growth in operations: When after the fall of the B A N K OF FR AN C E — Resources Gold Silver Loans and Discounts Securities Other Items Totals, Liabilities Capital Surplus Circulation Government Deposits Other Deposits Other Items (I n francs equal to 19.3 cts .) 1896 1908 2,050,000,000 1,248,200,000 1,177,200,000 212,600,000 68,900,000 2,676,200,000 917,500.000 4,756,900, ooo 6,349,800,000 1896 1908 182,500,000 42,500,000 3,615,900,000 203,800,000 619,400,000 92,800,000 182,500,000 42,500,000 5,066,900,000 246,100,000 581,100,000 230,700,ooo 2>345 >5 00>000 212,600,000 198,000,000 BANK OF FRANCE, PARTS LA B A N Q U E D E F R A M C E The ratio of gold to notes, in 1896, was fully The marked difference between the constitu 56.7 per cent.; in 1908, being immediately a ft * tion, operation and condition of the Bank of the drain for New York had been experienced, France and of that of England, obviously con and note-issues had reached the maximum, it tributes largely to the stability of the discount was under 53 per cent.; soon after the opening rate. of 1908 the ratio rose to nearly 60 per cent. It that the rate had to be raised to protect reserves. is worth noting that the silver holdings were Thus, in the period of twenty years (1888 to materially lower in 1908 than in 1896. It has seldom happened in recent years 1907) there have been only sixteen changes in the f A glance over these statements illustrates the rate; in twelve of the years there was no change, difference in character between the French and and there was no change whatsoever from May, the British systems; note-issuing for rediscounts 1900, to March, 1907. is the chief function of the Bank of France; to furthermore, the rate rose above 3 per cent, only that end expansion of circulation is freely per during three periods of special pressure: in 1888, mitted, yet the coin in reserve is kept large in when it reached 4^ per cent., in 1899, when it proportion. reached the same maximum, and in 1907, when It is true that deposits in other During the twenty years, banks are more important than those in the 4 per cent, was reached. central institution; but in the aggregate they are out a parallel. The rate fell below 3 per cent, on a number of far less than those in Great Britain. The maximum of notes issuable is now 5,800,000,000 francs, a much larger amount of paper currency than is permitted anywhere else ; but since the use of checks in France is exceedingly limited, more actual money is requisite. For example, the per capita supply is $41, against about $17 in Great Britain. In other words, France uses very little “ deposit money.” The Bank generally does not find it necessary to curtail discounts to maintain its reserve, since it may issue notes so extensively to ac complish the purpose. For that reason the dis count rate has been kept low and remarkably steady. Moreover, in order to protect its gold reserve the Bank may refuse to pay gold upon notes; it may tender silver and exact a premium for gold demanded on notes. T o show how largely distributed the discount operations of the Bank are, the fact may be cited that in one year over 19,000,000 pieces of paper were discounted and rediscounted, nearly half of which consisted of paper of 100 francs or under; and some were as low as 5 to 10 francs each (say $1 and $2), This is a record with The average period of maturity of the paper was twenty-three days. occasions: in 1888 it was at 2\ per cent, for a short period; again at the same figure from 1892 to 1895, falling then to 2 per cent., at which it was quoted until 1898, during the period of world-wide depression in business. Since the latter year it never went below 3 per cent. This stability is obviously another great benefit to the people of France. Even during periods of dis turbance elsewhere, the aberration has been either absent or relatively insignificant. There is in Paris also an “ open market” rate for loans, almost always slightly lower than the official Bank rate. There is a Bank rate for loans upon collateral which, it is noteworthy, is slightly higher than the ordinary rate. It is to the credit of the management that con sideration for the general welfare is the chief mo tive in the conduct of the business; nor is this consideration confined solely to French affairs; for, appreciating that undue disturbances else where would ultimately react upon her own peo ple, the Bank is also conservative in its inter national relations. Upon three occasions has it helped out the London money market when in distress, letting it have gold from its reserves. There is nothing in financial history to com With such a stock of metal and the legal power pare with this in the way of public service; and to control the same, it follows that the Bank is when in addition it is borne in mind that rates sufficiently strong to dominate the foreign ex for discounts are usually lower than in other changes, at times even against London. countries, the extent of the benefit to the people frequently shifted a demand for gold coming of France may be appreciated. from New York, by altering the price of the It has The par of exchange according to the amount of the “ productive” upon the British capital is 25.22$ francs, i.e., the circulation, i.e., the notes not covered by gold exact amount required to equal the £ . and silver; in amount this tax is about 7,000,000 “ Paris-London cheque.” By de pressing the rate sufficiently to cover the cost of francs annually. transfer of the metal and leave a margin for per cent, in 1905 and prior years to 17$ per cent, profit, it brings about a flow to Paris. for 1907. The Bank reports its condition weekly; the head office is in Paris and it operates through 423 Dividends have risen from 13 There are over 29,000 shareholders, so that the average holdings are less than 7 shares. In the following table the operations of the Notes are now issued Bank prior to, during and immediately after, the only in denominations of 50 francs and upward; panic of 1907 are presented to illustrate the fa but there are still some of the smaller notes, for cility with which it adapts itself to conditions. merly permitted, unredeemed. The Bank pays The amounts are expressed in millions of dollars; a very small tax to the Government, regulated the reserve is calculated upon notes and deposits: branches and agencies. 1907, Oct. , Nov. Note-issue 948 Deposits Discounts Gold Silver 3 136 358 10 942 130 328 185 182 17 24 943 932 322 i 8t 3i 965 137 139 155 7 522 523 180 4 8 .5 % 521 180 5 959 943 930 93® 947 535 534 534 537 538 53i 142 526 12 928 I 36 19 26 928 2 927 144 144 385 350 355 339 359 355 339 348 346 968 *55 9 962 16 963 943 14 21 28 Dec. 1908, Jan. 335 23 142 IS® 148 174 l 8l Gold Reserve 49 - 3 % 49 *8 % 49 - 4 % 181 5 0 -1 % 4 8 .0 % 180 4 8 .3 % 180 47 - 9 % 179 47 - 4 % 47 - 8 % 5i 9 179 4 9 .0 % 520 179 4 8 -6 % 5i 9 179 4 8 .5 % 426 516 176 130 377 361 176 ” 5 345 5i 5 5i 5 5i 8 176 117 45 *9 % . 47 - I %* 47 - 7% 176 4 8 .5 % The Bank anticipated disturbances and had, pansion of credits. Discount Rate 3* % 3i % 3* % 3* % 3* % 3* % 4 % 4 % 4 % 4 % 4 % 4 % 4 % 4 % 3* % 3i % 3 % Actually the reserve position earlier in the year, placed its rate slightly above is much stronger than is shown, since the silver in the 3 per cent, which had ruled for seven years the Bank is also available for the purpose. previous. The panic came in New York on October 21. In the last week of that month the Bank increased its discounts $63,000,000, in part by expanding note-issues, in part by the increase in deposits. It was early in November that the advance of $16,000,000 in gold was made to the British market, and on the 14th of that month the Bank was constrained to raise the rate to 4 per cent., in view of the falling reserve ratio. It appears as if the management regarded 48 per cent, the line of apprehension respecting gold reserves; this is very high against both notes and Financing the end of the year needs of the country for settlements, led to an expansion of discounts by $70,000,000 in the last week of 1907, of which fully $41,000,000 was accom plished by means of notes. The reserve ratio fell below 46 per cent., but the Bank can always cotint upon a speedy repayment of loans after New Year’s D ay; and so by the 9th of January, deposit liabilities declining, the rate was reduced to 3$ per cent, and fell to the normal point two weeks later, when the reserve was 48.5 per cent. deposits, yet the policy doubtless serves a useful The noteworthy feature is that the two expan purpose in restraining the tendency to over ex sion operations mentioned were effected without , an increase of specie; indeed, the end of the year generally. operation was carried through with a declining follows: coin balance, both gold and silver having fallen off $3,000,000 each during the operation. Nor was the discount rate altered in the periods. The provision for elasticity of note-issues is clearly en titled to credit for this facility. It is also to be noted that note-issues contract as soon as needs abate; thus, there is no vicious piling up of Capital and Surplus in the United States; in fact, as before stated, speculative loans are charged a higher rate by the Bank than the ordinary mercantile borrowings. The deposit business of the Bank is not large, relatively; and, as the statement shows, public moneys constitute a very substantial part of the amount held. Yet any one may open a deposit account, not less than 500 francs in amount; but the Bank pays no interest and therefore the bulk of the business goes to other institutions. O th er B anks O f these latter no complete official returns are available; yet the reports lacking are those of minor institutions, so that the figures which we have fairly represent the banking power outside the great savings banks. The capital of the re porting commercial banks is given at 930,000,000 francs, their total resources at 6,865,000,000 francs; against this there is cash on hand and at the Bank, only about 402,000,000 francs; a rather slender reserve, but for the constantly available power to rediscount paper at the Bank. T o show the concentration, it is to be remarked that three great institutions, the Credit Lyonnais, the Society GtnJrale and the Comptoir National d’Escomfte, have fully 4,900,000,000 francs of the aggregate resources. These have about 1,200 branches and agencies, some of them abroad. For mortgage loans France provides one great institution, which has nearly 4,600,000,000 francs in assets, the Credit Foncier. French Colonial Banks 44,079,000 Notes 142,428,000 Government Accounts 108,079,000 Deposits and Current Accounts Due to Branches 56,560,000 378,012,000 Other Items 5,725,000 Total means by which the discount rate is inordinately depressed, stimulating speculation, as is the case Its condition, given in francs, is as 734,883,000 Cash 44,020,000 Securities 31,860,000 Loans and Discounts 182,778,000 Current accounts 47,813,000 Due from Branches 382,672,000 Other Items 45,740,000 This shows a small ratio of cash against notes. In T u n is there is a bank created in 1906 with 1.000.000 francs capital and 9,000,000 resources; but the branch of the Bank of Algiers does a larger business. M o r o c c o has a French bank, with capital paid up of 7,700,000 francs, and resources 23,580,000, established in 1907. It issues no notes. For I n d o - C h i n a a bank was organized in 1875 which has 9,000,000 francs of paid-up capital and carries resources of over 200,000,000 francs, of which cash in hand and at banks 35,300,000. It operates throughout the Orient, where its notes, amounting to nearly 53,000,000 francs, circulate quite freely, side by side with those of other banks. R e u n i o n , a small island east of Africa, has a similar bank since 1851; with 3,000,000 francs of capital, its aggregate means reach nearly 18.000.000; it uses over 11,000,000 francs of notes, against which it has 3,800,000 cash. For the other African possessions there is a bank with home office in Paris, capitalized at 1,500,000 francs, total resources about 14,000,000. It uses over 6,000,000 francs of notes in Senegal, Dahomey, Guinea, etc. Cash in hand is in excess of 5,000,000 francs. French interests also extend banking facilities In her growing colonial possessions France has to foreign countries; thus the Imperial Ottoman established banks modeled upon the lines of the Bank (mentioned elsewhere) is partly owned by great Bank. French; and there are several in South America, A l g e r i a has a substantial institution, estab the most important of which is in Argentina, capi lished in 1851, with 25,000,000 francs of capital, talized at 60,000,000 francs gold and having re which does a large business in Northern Africa sources of over 200,000,000 francs gold. THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN BANK, BUDA-PEST Oesterreichisch-Ungarische Bank Austria-Hungary’s System THE AU ST R O -H U N G A R IA N BANK (O E S'I'E R R E I C H I SC H -1TN ( 1A R I SC H E B A N K ) The Austro-Hungarian Bank became the suc may be issued in excess of gold reserves to the cessor, in 1878, of the Austrian National Bank, amount of 470,000,000 kr., and beyond that sum founded in 1816. subject to a 5 per cent. tax. Its special importance dates The gold reserve from the monetary reform of the Empire in 1892, must be not less than 40 per cent.; commercial under which the gold standard was adopted, paper and securities cover the rest. provision made for the retirement of Govern gold in hand amounts to 400,000,000 kr., notes ment notes, and the paper currency, long de may be emitted to 1,000,000,000 kr., of which preciated, restored to parity. The money unit Thus, if 600,000,000 kr. upon credit, but 130,000,000 was then changed from the florin (or gulden) of thereof must pay the tax. 48.2 cts. to the krone (crown) of 20.26 cts. It elasticity; and the fact that the tax is usually This provides for took some years to complete the reform, and paid during crop-moving periods shows wherein there was hence a slight premium on gold up to the plan is useful. a few years ago. The services of the Bank were and are not yet absolutely redeemable in gold. indispensable to the consummation of this re More than half the issue is in 50, 20 and 10 kr. form. The notes are legal tender The Bank rediscounts for other banks freely; Its charter runs to 1910. Its capital is 210,000,000 kr. and its resources but none of the paper may run for more than aggregate 2,800,000,000 (or say, $567,000,000); three months. nearly 2,000,000,000 kr. are held against note- steady, ranging in a series of years from 3^ to 5 Rates for money are fairly issues,the deposits beingrelatively small. The cap per cent.; during our panic they rose to 6 per ital is privately owned, but the emperor appoints cent. the Bank’s governor; the two deputies and half shown by the fact that the rates are often under But the regard for the general welfare is the directors are also Government appointees, 5 per cent, even when the Bank has taxed notes Austria naming part of them, Hungary the other outstanding; thus the tax is not always a charge part. In addition there is close governmental in upon business. spection. Branches exceed 250 in number, being were issued fifty-five times, in amounts ranging located at every important place in the Empire. between 45,000 kr. and 90,000,000 kr. The head offices are in Vienna and Buda-Pest. The note-issuing function is now similar to that of the Imperial Bank of Germany; notes Capital and Surplus 225,305,349 2,028,024,110 Notes Due Abroad Mortgage Bonds Deposits and Current Accounts Other Liabilities Total i 77>3 i 6>6 76 292,671,800 , In eighteen years taxed notes The Bank is authorized to loan upon mort gages to a limited amount. Coin and Bullion Gold Abroad 60.000.000 748,068,094 Mortgages 299,993,894 125 340,400 Advances on Securities 31,290,269 Government Loan About 280,000,000 kr. of the coin consists of 1,380,878,620 Discounts 91 383,971 2,845,992, i 75 A balance-sheet for December 31, 1907, follows, in kronen: Other Assets , 60 . 0 0 0 , c o o 171,7!1,i67 per cent.; then two-thirds of any further excess; silver, which has only a limited legal-tender but 10 per cent, of the profits must go to surplus power. before the second division. The ratio of gold to notes was hence Dividends have re considerably in excess of 50 per cent. The Government shares in the profits of the cently increased from about 4J to 7\ per cent. Bank, receiving one-half the excess over a 4 ports are available; these show capital 430,000,- per cent, dividend, until shareholders have 6 000 kr. and resources 3,850,000,000 kr. Only part of the other discount banks’ re THE STATE (IM P E R IA L ) BANK OF R U SS IA , GOSUDARSTWENNYJ HANK. ST. PETERSBURG Russia’s System THE STATE (IM PERIAL) BANK O F RUSSIA The Bank of Russia, established i860, is cess of the gold on hand; but in the course of owned by the Empire, and is operated as part of financing the recent enormous outlays, gold held its finance department. in foreign banks has also been included as base The capital is 50,000,- 000 rubles, say $25,750,000. The gold standard for notes. While the fixed limit would appear to was adopted in 1897 with a ruble of 51.5 cts., preclude a large measure of elasticity, the foreign in place of the former nominal valuation of 77.2 balances actually help out very materially to cts. increase notes in case of need. legal tender. Actually under the old silver standard the paper currency was for many years depreciated. The notes are By means of large bond-issues the Government From the accompanying statement of condi accumulated a vast hoard of gold which enabled tion, it will be seen that the deposit accounts are the Bank to carry through the reform, and also relatively larger than in most of the other to finance the Empire in its war with Japan. central banks; but rediscounts are quite exten It operates through about 100 branches, the head sive. office being in St. Petersburg. other chief centers; covering a period of years Discount rates range higher than in the While the Bank is thus a State institution, the the range has been from 4^ to 8 per cent.; in the note-issuing function is regulated by law founded panic period in the fall of 1907 the rate rose upon currency-banking principles. (For Finland to 7^ per cent., to restrain exports of gold to notes are issued by another bank.) The normal Germany. limit of note-issues is 300,000,000 rubles in ex tion, in rubles, is for March, 1908: 55,000,000 Capital and Surplus 1,160,000,000 Notes Government Account Deposits and Current Accounts Accounts of Branches Notes on Hand 1,209,243,772 77,512,496 233 j* 3 2>™4 219,378,576 416,112,126 Advances on Securities, etc. 261,345,698 354,107,619 Investments 2,252,164,537 Total Specie on Hand and Abroad Discounts 33,812,678 Other Liabilities The following statement of condi 96,376,023 Accounts of Branches Other Assets 331,653,070 56,654,902 Of the specie, reports indicate that the Bank designed for the promotion of foreign trade, and held very nearly 1,000,000,000 rubles in gold and one particularly for the business with China. 75,000,000 rubles in silver in its vaults; a very Aside from these, special mortgage banks exist, strong reserve position. Other reporting banks show about 1,800,000,- one class for the nobility and one class for the peasants. 000 rubles of resources. One of these is specially FINLAND F in la n d has its own monetary system, the mark equal to the franc being the unit; hence of March, 1908, shows 194,000,000 resources. mk. of It has a central Notes amounted to 96,296,000 mk. and coin bank, established in 1811, owned by the Govern on hand to 24,971,000 mk.,with over 50,000,000 ment, capital 25,000,000 markka; note-issues due from abroad. for expansion. 20 markka are worth 7^ rubles. are limited to 35,000,000 mk. in excess of gold in hand and due from abroad, the This showed a large margin Discount rates are fairly steady, although high, amount in hand not to fall below 20,000,- ranging from 5 to 6£ per cent. 000 mk. report resources about 550,000,000 markka. The Bank’s statement at the end Other banks THE BANK OF JAPAN , TOKYO Nippon Ginko PUBLIC OFFICE, BANK OF JAPAN Japan’s System THE BANK (N IP P O N OF JAPAN G IN K O ) When Japan emerged from her isolation, and is now 49.8 cts.); the Government took a part adopted some of the business methods of the thereof; it appoints the chief officers and selects western world, the monetary and banking sys the directors from among nominees of the share tem of the United States was used as a model holders ; it has the power of vetoing such acts of for her own. directors as may be regarded detrimental to the The monetary unit, the yen, was almost exactly equal to the dollar; the Govern interests of the nation. ment issued notes directly, and also through The Bank acts as treasurer of the Govern national banks upon deposit of bond-security ment and handles its financial operations; it is (1872). An experience of ten years sufficed to the rediscount bank for all other financial insti demonstrate the great defects in such a paper- tutions ; it is especially charged with the regula money system, and, always prompt to adopt tion of the discount rate, and exercises an in corrective measures, the central bank system fluence upon the foreign exchanges. was substituted in 1882. Since that date the issue notes as follows: a. to any amount upon Bank of Japan alone may issue paper currency. coin in bank (silver not to be more than one- It may The purpose of the reform was to provide a fourth) ; b. 120,000,000 yen upon securities or greater measure of elasticity to the currency, commercial paper discounted; c. to a further, hence to the facilities afforded the people; and unlimited amount, subject to a tax of at least the consequent reduction in the discount rates, 5 per cent, per annum. which were pressing upon commerce and in dustry. Thus the currency feature is similar to that of The Bank also aided very materially Germany’s great bank; it permits a very liberal in the consummation of the change to the gold expansion, which proves useful, not only to standard in 1897-8; and was unquestionably an business in general, but to the Government, in indispensable instrumentality in the financing of case of emergency. the war with Russia. dicates how the demands The Bank’s capital is 30,000,000 yen (the yen Year 1897 The following table in have been met, amounts being in yen: Loans, etc. Deposits G o ld on Hand* Notes Out 96.900.000 226,200,000 135.200.000 78,100,000 35,30°,OOO 1900 65.300.000 228,600,000 146,000,000 1903 116.900.000 232.900.000 94,500,000 16,400,000 1906 147.200.000 341.700.000 137.600.000 401,500,000 1907 161,700,000 370,000,000 157.900.000 471,000,000 * T h e silver held was unimportant in amount. It will be observed that after allowing for the nation. As it is, the rates have been reduced credit-note issue of 120,000,000 yen, the amount fully 25 per cent.; the 12 per cent, charge is no of taxed notes has not been large at the dates longer normal in ordinary times, and a given; but during certain seasons each year cent, rate has occurred upon occasions in recent there are substantial increases. The general re sult has been a lowering of discount rates, which would unquestionably have been more marked but for the financial disturbances consequent years. per The fluctuations, which are more serious than is desirable, are generally outside the trade centers and traceable to special causes. In the upon the war with Russia and the enormous centers 6 per cent, money is, in normal times, borrowing which that struggle entailed upon the quite frequent. The coin reserve of the Bank, measured 29.098.000 yen Gold Coin against notes, has been fairly well maintained; Gold Bullion 132.644.000 117.919.000 in 1900, and again in 1904, it fell below 30 per Government Obligations cent.; but it has been above 40 per cent, in the Other Securities more recent years and the latest report shows Commercial Bills upward of 50 per cent. 23,333,° ° ° 66.990.000 369,984,000 Total The detailed statement of the “ cover” behind the notes on Dec. 31, 1907, is given thus: Capital 30,000,000 Surplus 21.500.000 The balance sheet, including the above, for the same date, follows, in yen: Coin and Bullion 172.312.000 Foreign Accounts 276.788.000 Notes Issued 369.984.000 Due from Banks and Agencies 205.338.000 Government Deposits 247.248.000 Loans and Discounts 178.528.000 Deposits and Accounts 224.048.000 Government Bonds 30.665.000 Other Liabilities Total 923.445.000 The Bank pays 12 per cent, in dividends and adds to its surplus every year. The head office of the Bank is in Tokio; it has branches in eight commercial centers, exclusive of Yokohama. 79,995, ° ° ° 10,484,000 Other Resources Total 923,445, ° ° ° Capital and Surplus 38,600,000 Notes (in Manchuria) 6,071,000 Deposits 125,505,000 Bills Payable 128,203,000 Cash O ther B anks 27,071,000 Investments Comprehensive statistics of other banks are furnished by the Government; thus 1,665 ordi Loans and Discounts 16,531,000 106,633,000 Bills Receivable 146,757,000 nary commercial banks show 278,000,000 yen capital, and 951,000,000 deposits upon a “ turn over” of about 13,000,000,000 yen. Total resources exceed 300,000,000 yen. There is a special mortgage bank, 47 agricultural and in This bank also pays 12 per cent, dividends dustrials, and 2 colonials, with an aggregate after setting aside a substantial part of profits annually for surplus. capital of 56,000,000 yen; there are also 519 savings banks (beside the Government system). The Yokohama Specie Bank (Shokin Ginko) was created in 1880 specially for the development of the foreign trade. Its capital has been in creased, from time to time, from 3,000,000 yen to 24,000,000. It has proved enormously use ful, in co-operation with the central bank, in its special field. It has branches in the principal ports of Japan and the rest of the world. It Japan’s banking system, by reason of its specialization of functions into the several classes, with a strong Government central bank as the chief organ, has proved eminentlysuccessful. The aggregate resources of the banks have in creased fourfold in the past decade; the ordinary banks particularly have flourished in a marked degree, as the following comparison shows: does a general banking business, and in addition 1897 eign exchange business is very large. Capital Paid Up At the end of 1907 it reported its condition, in yen, as follows : Surplus Deposits I 9°7 1,281 1,665 Y en Yen 161,442,000 19,465,000 235,5° 7, ° ° ° 277,772,000 OO newly acquired territory in Manchuria; its for Number of Banks OO issues notes payable in silver coin in Japan’s 951, 713,00° The Canadian System Although the Dominion of Canada issues Government legal-tender notes, the amount thereof is limited and well secured by coin; No bank may be established with less than $500,000 capital. Shareholders are liable to an amount equal to the par of their shares. bank-notes constitute by far the greater part of Monthly reports of condition, in very specific the circulating medium; in fact the bulk of the form, are required, including the item of loans Dominion notes is held in the reserves of the to directors or to firms in which directors are partners. banks. There are now thirty-two institutions of issue (three having recently been placed Perhaps nowhere except in Scotland, where a in liquidation); they operate through 1,800 similar system prevails, is the function of cur branches, reaching every hamlet in the country. rency banking so well performed as in Canada; The Government exercises a careful and ef the demands for money vary seasonally, de ficient supervision over the system and the banks termined largely by the crops; and the volume co-operate; so that, although there have been of notes and of credits increases and decreases occasional suspensions of banks, the common in almost absolute harmony with the growth or interest prevented losses to creditors, and notes abatement of demands. have always been fully redeemed. rate shows very narrow fluctuations and is, in Hence, the discount The present bank act dates from 1891; it per general, relatively low; nor is there a marked mits the banks to issue notes to the full amount difference between the rate at the centers and of the capital paid up, solely upon their credit, that prevailing at remote points of the wide with no prescribed coin reserves; there is, how territory of the Dominion. ever, a proviso that 40 per cent, of the reserves Elasticity of note-volume is brought about which they do hold shall be in Dominion notes ; largely by the compulsory redemption feature, and the notes are a first lien upon the assets of which prompts each bank to send notes of the the banks. They are, furthermore, required to others for redemption at once, when the de maintain with the Government a guaranty fund mands for currency slacken, or when it has its equal to 5 per cent, of their issues. own notes available for use. This fund Obviously each is to be used by the Government to redeem notes institution profits more through the use of its of a failing bank, to be replenished pro rata by own notes than from the use of those of other the other banks, and is afterward reimbursed banks. from the sums recovered from the assets. period of lessening demand sets in, the banks Notes of failed banks bear 6 per cent, from suspension But it is also a fact that when the voluntarily retire their notes as they come in. Covering a series of years the discount rate until provision is made for full payment. Bank-notes may not be issued for less than has fluctuated between 4^ per cent, and 6 per (The unit is cent., the lower rate named having prevailed the same as that of the United States, w'hose steadily during a period wrhen the facilities had $5 and only for multiples of $5. gold coin as well as British, is legal tender.) become fully equal to the needs. Severe penalties are imposed for excessive issues temporary upward turn, again to the high point, The recent Numerous redemption centers are was due largely to the rapid industrial and established by the Government, where notes commercial development with which the in of notes. must be redeemed on demand, subject to penalty crease in facilities did not keep pace. of insolvency proceedings. Upon demand of the capital of the banks is the chief determining The holder banks must pay up to $100 in Dominion factor, and there appears to have been need for notes (of $1, $2 or $4) upon any of their liabil an enlargement thereof. ities. item since 1890, when it was $60,000,000, has Loans upon, or purchases of, bank stock The growth in this that been as follows: 1895, $62,000,000; 1900, $65,- mortgages may be taken for pre-existing debts. 200,000; 1905, $83,400,000; 1908, $93,000,000. or mortgages are prohibited, except Bank of M ontreal Montreal, Canada During the panic in the United States in 1907, issue reached the amount of the capital; in the there was very considerable need for additional fall of 1907 the greatest amount of notes out means, which the banks failed to meet fully, and was about $4,000,000 less than the capital. the Government was constrained to emit an Moreover, it is suggested by Canadians that additional the banks would have been able to serve the supply of Dominion notes— an This incident caused public better had they loaned less of their means some discussion of the merits of the system and abroad, meaning chiefly loans in New York at it has been amended so that the note-issue limit call; the amount of “ call loans” elsewhere than extraordinary proceeding. will be extended to reach 115 per cent, of the in Canada in September, 1907, was over $63,- capital and the surplus, during the period of 000,000; in November the sum was still in excess greatest demand, from September to January. of $41,000,000. It is a question if this was needed; the fact is set forth that at no time has the maximum note$96,049,000* Capital Paid Up The following statement shows the condition of the banks on June 30, 1908: Specie $23,888,000 Surplus 71.655.000 Dominion Notes Notes 68.154.000 Five Per Cent. Fund 50.804.000 Deposits on Demand 226.671.000 Bank Notes and Checks Deposits at Notice 399.286.000 Loans, Ordinary Government Deposits 19.609.000 Due to Banks and Branches 26.323.000 6,701,000 Other Items 11.570.000 Excess Assets $926,018,000 Totals It is noteworthy that time deposits are very much larger than other deposits; also that the reserves are only about 10 per cent, upon all 93.907.000 Securities 72.267.000 Due from Banks and Branches 54.085.000 Other Items 27.965.000 Highest E n d 68 October 86 84 73 November 89 84 March 77 71 76 December 86 78 1908 May 78 76 June 76 July August Year Maximum Minimum Ra ng e 7 End 77 April presented, figures indicating millions of dollars: High est February upon demand deposits and notes. years at end of months, the following table is M ont h 1907 January deposits and notes, but upward of 24 per cent, To illustrate the fluctuation of note-issues by 571,627,000 Loans on Call Month 1907 * Including $3,000,000 of one bank in liquidation, 4,044,000 27.431.000 September 73 January 77 7i 76 February 70 67 69 March 71 69 78 73 April 72 68 78 81 77 May 70 68 79 June 70 68 1898 42 35 1899 5° 53 58 37 41 13 19OO 12 ing a capital of $14,400,000 and a surplus of 45 !3 $11,000,000; its total resources exceed $177,000,- 19OI The Bank 0} Montreal, established 1817, is the oldest and the chief one of the institutions, hav 1902 66 49 17 000; thus with slightly more than 15 per cent, 1903 70 55 15 of the capital of all the banks, it has nearly 20 I 9°4 72 15 per cent, of the aggregate resources. 19 125 branches, including three in the United 1905 77 57 58 1906 86 62 24 States, one in Mexico, one in London. 1907 84 68 16 for many years limited its dividends to 10 per This o nly partially reflects the m ovem ent, however; the following figures show the changes cent. It has It has Its circulation is correspondingly large, and it carries by far the largest part of the in a period of eighteen months giving highest Dominion’s public funds, being the Government amount and amount at end of month: depository in chief, and its financial agent. BANK OF IT AL Y, Banca D ’ Italia ROME Italy (B A X C A D ’ IT A L IA ) Italy has the credit of having established the of which is one-fifth of the average discount first banks in Europe, that of Venice in 1156 and rate, not, however, to exceed 1 per cent. Further that of Genoa in 1345. The monetary system issues are permitted on actual coin received and passed through many vicissitudes even after the issues on credit may be made subject to a tax consolidation of the numerous petty states into graduated according to the amount of over the present kingdom. The Government still issues (not covered by coin), the rate varying issues about 430,000,000 lire of legal tender from two-thirds of the discount charge up to notes. twice the charge. The system is bi-metallic, the unit lira, equal to 19.3 cts. Thus the amount of the The Bank of Italy is since issues is regulated by the charges made to bor 1893 the central organ of note-issues, although the Bank of Naples (est. 1539) and that of Sicily, rowers, and naturally this restrains borrowing also, since the tax is necessarily added to the still exercise their ancient issue functions; they charge. are, however, relatively small. in case of need. The chief bank Yet this provides amply for expansion Thus the chief bank, having has a subscribed capital of 240,000,000 lire, but 1,000,000,000 lire in coin, could lawfully issue, only 180,000,000 thereof paid in. subject to tax, 2,500,000,000 lire; but part there The Banks are privately owned, but the Government exercises supervision over all three, of would be taxed fully 10 per cent. Actually the issue would be about 1,400,000,000 lire, but by means of direct appointments of the chief whereof officers only in the two smaller ones. and 630,000,000 (the fixed sum) covered to 770,000,000 fully covered by coin After the reorganization of 1893 the paper 40% ; only 378,000,000 lire taxed at lowest currency continued at a discount for some time; rates. In 1907 the maximum of higher taxed banks are still permitted to redeem their notes notes amounted to less than 49,000,000 lire. in gold at the current rate in the market; occa There may also be an issue for the Govern sionally unfavorable exchanges cause a slight ment’s use, on which only }/5 coin reserve need premium on gold. be held. Discount rates are normally about 5 per cent.; Note-issues are regulated as follows: The maximum ordinary issue is limited to the panic conditions in 1907 increased the rate about thrice the capital of the banks, against to only 5^ per cent. which there must be held 40 per cent, of coin, maintained fairly steady by the system employed. three-fourths of which must be gold. 226.700.000 Capital and Surplus 1.411.600.000 Notes Public Deposits 175.600.000 Other Deposits 212.300.000 45,100,000 Other Liabilities 2.071.300.000 Total Following is a statement of the Bank of Italy The notes not covered by coin are subject to a tax, the rate It appears that 153,000,000 lire of the coin held belonged to the Government. The two Obviously the rate was for the end of 1907, in lire: Gold 896.300.000 Silver and other Cash 135.200.000 Loans 618.900.000 Securities 145.900.000 Current Accounts 64,300,000 Other Resources 210.700.000 lire of of notes the banks held 1,121,700,000 gold and 150,600,000 of silver; a coin ratio notes of nearly 69 per cent., which should preclude out, and 252,000,000 lire of coin; total means depreciation of notes. Other commercial banks 761,000,000 reporting show 1,600,000,000 lire of resources. other banks had 440,000,000 lire. Thus writh lire of 1,851,600,000 ww BANK OF B E LG IU M , BRUSSELS Banque Nationale De Belguique Belgium (B A N Q U E N A T IO N A L S This populous and thriving little kingdom, largely French in language, I)E B K L C .l.’ IQL’ E) The charter requirement contemplates that has the French the coin in reserve shall equal one-third of the monetary system (bi-metallic) and a National notes and other demand obligations, but the Bank similar in its constitution to its great Government reserves the right to suspend this neighbor in Paris. regulation if the Bank has an abundance of It was in 1850 that the present institution took the place of a multiple bills of exchange commanding immediate gold issue-bank system, which had produced cur or a sufficient foreign gold account. rency difficulties. pension of the requirement is quite generally In 1900 the charter was extended to 1929. The Bank is privately The sus exercised, for the coin reserve is usually con owned, but the Government appoints the chief siderably below the ratio fixed; yet the notes officers and thus supervises the business. are at parity, for the Bank is strong in means It carries the Government funds and serves the for speedy liquidation. fiscal it to furnish ample currency through redis department freely whenever required. This credit enables Its notes are legal tender so long as they are counts. redeemed in coin. of 275,000,000 francs, are subject to a tax The head office is in Brussels, and there is a Notes in actual circulation, in excess of £ per cent. In addition the Government branch at Antwerp; thirty-nine agencies afford takes one-fourth of the net profits in excess of facilities at every point of the kingdom. a 4 per cent, dividend and all receipts from Its capital is 50,000,000 francs and the re sources aggregate about 1,000,000,000 francs, the greater part of which is held against notes in circulation, deposits being relatively small. 84,968,110 Capital and Surplus 798,167,760 Notes discounts in excess of 3^ per cent., thus en deavoring to regulate the interest rate. The following balance-sheet is for the end of 1907, in francs of 19.3 cts. each: Coin and Bullion 133,26!,800 Discounts 684,681,787 Current Accounts 93,614,248 Advances on Securities 61,716,731 Government Account 8 ,044,375 16,995,617 Investments 92 , 955.434 29,174,358 1,001,790,110 Total Other Liabilities Total The silver coin held frequently rises to 30,000,- Other Resources 1,001,790,110 of small denominations, 20, 50 and 100 francs. The ratio of coin to notes was less The currency system would thus seem less secure, than 17 percent, at the date of the statement; the so far as specific reserves go, than those of most of 000 francs. note-issues were, however, as usual on the last the leading nations; and this is, in a measure, re day of the year, very large. flected in the fluctuation of the discount rate; the In May, 1908, the notes stood at 727,000,000 francs; gold, 125,- range has been from 3^ to 6 per cent., the latter 000,000; silver, 31,000,000; thus giving the much ratehavingbeen made in the recent panic period. better coin ratio of over 21 per cent, to notes. The usual rate is, however, about 3^ per cent. Yet the ratio of gold holdings is that which After paying the Government about 12,500,- attracts attention; at the last-named date it was 000 francs, 8,300,000 francs remained for divi only a trifleabove 17 per cent., which is lower than dends of 16.6 per cent, in 1907. Depend Other commercial banks do a very extensive ence is placed upon the gold subject to its call in business; the resources of those whose reports are that of any prominent central bank. Paris and London, arising from the large com available aggregating fully 1,800,000,000 francs. mercial credits which the Bank has at those points, There are, also, several important private bank andupon the fact that two-thirds of the notes are ing-houses, not reporting. BANK OF SPAIN , Banco D e Espana M AD R ID Spain (B A N C O D K E S P A N A ) The Bank of Spain has the exclusive power of issuing notes in that kingdom. Thus in case of the issue of the maximum It dates from sum the Bank would have to have against the 1849, although it was not granted the monopoly notes 1,200,000,000 pesetas in coin, of which until 1874. 570.000.000 in gold. It is a private corporation capital ized at 150,000,000 pesetas (equal to francs), say $28,950,000. While the shareholders choose a council which appoints the directors, the gov ernor and the two deputy governors are appointed by the Government; the deputies are, however, Actually the maximum has not nearly been reached; but a very considerable part of the “ cover” for the notes other than coin is in the shape of Government obligations. Further more, the fact that so much of the coin reserve chosen from a list of nominees selected by the is in silver keeps the notes at a discount. council. full legal tender, the people are compelled to re Thus there is joint control. Being The charter of 1874 was for thirty years and ceive them, and suffer from the depreciation, permitted note-issues to only five times the which exhibits itself also in the foreign ex capital; but the needs of the Government, which changes. had for many years a deficit in its revenues, as much as would be necessary (or more) to brought about an enlargement of the issuing cover deficiencies in revenue by additional taxes, power in 1891 and in 1901; the latter due to the and re-establishing parity to the currency. The The people practically pay in this way financial derangement consequent upon the war Bank has, however, with the United States. rate of the premium on gold has declined from The charter was re newed and extended to 1921, on condition that the Bank give further help to the Government; at first the note-issuing right was enlarged to ten times the capital, one-third of the issue to be covered by coin, half the coin to be gold. (Spain is, like France, bi-metallic, and its large silver coins are full legal tender.) The latest extension respecting notes fixes the maximum limit of issue grown stronger, and the 30 per cent, to about 15 per cent. The suspension of specie payments and the power of expansion have enabled the Bank to maintain a fairly steady discount rate at 4^ per cent.; there was no increase during the panic of 1907; the disturbance then was confined to the exchange rate. at 2,000,000,000 pesetas, regulated as follows: In 1895 the Bank had out 987,000,000 pesetas 1.200.000.000 to have behind it one-third in in notes, holding 200,200,000 in gold and 256,- coin, half thereof in gold, the balance to be 350,000 silver; in 1908 the notes were 1,569,- covered by commercial paper and securities. 000,000 pesetas, gold 389,000,000 300.000.000 pesetas additional, fully covered 660.000.000. 500.000.000 pesetas further, to be fully covered At the end of 1907 the balance sheet showed, in pesetas of 19.3 cents each: by metal, half thereof in gold. Capital and Surplus 170,000,000 Notes 1,557,080,000 Cash and Balances Abroad Government Bonds Deposits and Current Accounts 5IO>55^>994 Loans and Advances Treasury Accounts Other Liabilities i 49> ^ 4,I3 I 384,025,206 Advances to Treasury The resources are thus over 2,700,000,000 pesetas; other banks reporting 500,000,000 pesetas; has been the silver coin to notes, and over 24 per cent, of gold alone. by metal, 40 per cent, thereof in gold. dominance and The latter gives a ratio of 66$ of show about central growing; bank’s it now has Other Assets 61 branches and agencies. 1,095,345,802 344,468,953 i , i 52, 042,578 i 5°>387,6i 4 30,181,384 Its shares stand at 440 per cent., dividends having exceeded 20 per cent, for some years. is in Madrid. The head office BANK OF AMSTERDAM, AMSTERDAM Amsterdamsche Bank The Netherlands (DE N E D E R L A N D S C H E BANK) The early commercial development of the The head office of the Bank is at Amsterdam; Netherlands led to the use of banks as early as it has a branch at Rotterdam and eighteen 1609, when the Amsterdam Bank was founded. agencies. The Government uses the offices for the Treasury business. Note-issuing, as now carried on, dates, however, from the establishment of the Netherlands Bank in 1814. The regulation governing note-issues is that Its monopoly as a currency bank was the Bank must have in hand gold and silver received in 1863; the latest renewal of charter equal to 40 per cent, of its notes and other de was given in 1903 and runs to 1918. It is a mand liabilities (deposits, etc.). The expan privately owned and managed bank, but must sion is thus dependent upon its other business; divide profits with the Government after stock but this is generally small, the currency func holders receive 3^ per cent, dividends; yet the tion being the chief one. dividends have been from 8 to 13 per cent, in usually show a considerable margin of power recent years. to issue notes and effect rediscounts for the other banking interests. The Government exercises care ful, yet mild, supervision over its affairs. The country is bi-metallic, the unit (guilder or Thus the reports The condition of the Bank in March, 1908, showed, in florins, thus: florin) being 40.2 cts. Capital 20,000,000 Coin and Bullion 146,058,314 Surplus 5,031,908 Current Accounts 24, 744,762 121,071,728 , 265 947,760 Notes 12,681,627 Current Accounts, etc., 303,661,295 Total Loans and Discounts Investments 8,977,704 Other Resources 2,808,787 Colonial Banks About one-third of the coin and bullion con sists of silver, which is full legal tender. Calcu For the D u t c h E a s t I n d i e s the Bank of lated upon its gold reserve alone, the ratio would Java was established in 1828, as a currency be under the prescribed 40 per cent. and Formerly, even as late as 1899, the silver in the Bank far rediscount institution, operating upon much the same lines as the central bank in the exceeded the gold; there has thus been a material mother country. addition to the reserve strength. florins, its note-issues run as high as 65,000,000 With a capital of 6,000,000 florins; total resources, 78,000,000. Coin held Discount rates, while not usually high (3J was nearly 31,000,000 florins, hence far in ex per cent, being a frequent rate), fluctuate con cess of the 40 per cent, requirement; deposits siderably at times of pressure, having been as were only 4,500,000. high as 6 per cent, in 1907, for which year the and has fifteen branches and agencies. It is located at Batavia average rate was5.1 percent.; for 1905, on the Three other banks with Dutch charters do the other hand, the average was as low as 2 f per deposit business; their resources show about cent. In 1907 the 6 per cent, rate occurred in April, was reduced to 5 cent, later in the month and remained unchanged during the panic period. The gold reserve actually in creased in the period. 220,000,000 capital. florins, upon about 61,000,000 One of these dates from 1824. In D u t c h G u i a n a the Surinam Bank per forms the same functions; it has 700,000 fl. capital, 3,800,000 resources, of which 962,000 coin against 1,324,000 notes in use. Other reporting banks show 435,000,000 The former Dutch (Boer) republics in South florins of resources; many important private Africa had also been provided with a bank banking concerns, chartered in the Netherlands. not reporting, do business. MAIN BANKING ROOM Sveriges Riksbank Scandinavian Union The three States composing this union, formed in 1875, are Sweden, Norway and Denmark. The gold standard was then adopted, with the krone (crown), equal to 26.8 cts., as the unit. Each has a central bank of issue, the notes of which are legal tender. NORGES BANK N o r w a y controls its central bank, the Bank of Norway at Christiania, which was established in 1816, now capitalized at 15,500,000 kr. ment is appointed as in Sweden. SYERIGES RIKSBANK The note- issues may not exceed twice the amount of gold S w e d e n ’ s Royal Bank originated in 1668; it is thus next to the oldest existing issue bank. It owns considerable of the stock and the manage Its in hand and due from abroad; thus here, also, the expansion power is dependent in part upon capital of 50,000,000 kr. is all owned by the foreign exchanges. Government. The directors are elected by the portant ; a considerable number of other banks parliament and the governor is appointed by the serve the commercial interests, with resources of king. about 550,000,000 kr. Its chief office is at Stockholm. Its deposits are not im Until the end of 1903 other banks were also The central bank shows capital and surplus permitted to issue notes and some of their paper 22.577.000 k r.; notes issued, 83,450,000; de still circulates (about 39,000,000 kr.). posits, 9,480,000; total liabilities (and resources), The limit of issue is governed by the amount due the Bank from abroad, hence it deals largely in foreign bills of exchange; the gold in hand is not permitted to fall below 60,000,000 kr. and the issues beyond this and the amount held abroad must be covered by commercial paper. Expansion is thus dependent upon business. The deposits are not large and those held are chiefly Government funds. Following is a statement for Dec. 31, 1907, in kronor: 122.100.000 kr. The gold in hand was 27,400,- 000 k r.; due from abroad, 21,000,000, and notes on hand, 10,000,000. The loans and discounts were 41,500,000 kr., securities held, 10,000,000. Discount rates are somewhat lower than in Sweden, 5 to 6 per cent, being the usual rate. DANSKE N A T IO N A L BANK D e n m a r k has a privately owned central bank, founded in 1818, known as the National Bank, at Copenhagen, operated under close govern Capital, Surplus and Profits Notes Deposits 70,552,115 190,115,534 61,139,290 National Debt Account 48,459,819 Due Other Banks 9,230,270 Other Liabilities 2*645,635 Total 382,143,364 mental supervision. kr. The capital is 27,000,000 Notes may be issued to the extent of 30,- 000,000 kr. on credit, covered by commercial paper; for the rest there must be gold in bank or due it on net balance from other banks. This provision operates quite satisfactorily in ordinary times, discounts being frequently at 4$ per cent.; the usual range is up to 6 per cent., but during Gold Silver, etc. 7°>322>453 Due from Abroad 39,760,626 8,210,467 Loans and Discounts 255,231,031 the 1907 panic Germany was able to compel the Bank to part with gold and rates rose to 8 per cent., seriously restricting discounts. tion is not yet fully normal. The situa With 121,000,000 Securities 6,232,693 Other Assets 2,386,093 kr. in gold in bank at the end of April, 1908. The other banks are important, showing The deposits are not large; the total liabilities, 307,000,000 kr. capital and 2,100,000,000 kr. including capital and surplus, stand at about of resources. Discount rates are high, 5 to 7 per cent, being the recent range. kr. of notes out the Bank held only 67,000,000 190.000.000 kr. Other banks report about 700.000.000 kr. of resources. MAIN BANKING ROOM, NORGES BANK Switzerland (SCH W EIZE RISC H E N A T I O N A L B A N K ) After some unfortunate experiences with local president, elected by this council, must be of the (cantonal or state) banks of issue, the Federal twenty-five Government appointees. Government of this republic assumed the regula- cil elects three directors for six years, who have Thecoun- tion of the currency function of banks in 1875. the direct conduct of the business. There were until recently forty banks issuing issuing is supervised by one at the head office The note- notes under fairly safe restrictions, but they also in Berne; the other business is centered at Zu- combined savings and mortgage-loan business, rich, where the two others are located, and were cantonal, not federal, corporations. The Bank may issue notes without limit, Accordingly the Government by law of 1905 provided it has a gold reserve of 40 per cent, and created a central bank, which actually began commercial paper for the balance, behind them; business in June, 1907. its other demand liabilities must be covered by The head offices are in Zurich and Berne, and there are seventeen such paper also. branches and agencies, which are being increased counts to run more than three months, and It may make no loans or dis to reach every one of the twenty-two cantons, paper must bear two names; stocks are not per- Its charter is for twenty years, and after three mitted as collateral, and bond investments, ex- years it will have the monopoly of note-issuing, cept Government issues, may be only temporary. The other banks must retire their notes in the It may not pay interest on deposits, except interval, in quarterly installments, the National Government funds, and dividends are limited to Bank aiding them in case of need with loans. 4 per cent. O f the profits 10 per cent, (not to The capital is 50,000,000 francs, but only half exceed 500,000 francs annually) go to surplus thereof need be paid in at present; one-fifth was until this equals 30 per cent, of capital; the excess allotted to existing issue banks in proportion to over 4 per cent, dividends then goes to the their note-issues; two-fifths to the cantons Government, which pays two-thirds of it to the (states) according to population; the remaining cantons to reimburse them for loss of tax on two-fifths and so much as was not taken under notes heretofore in use. the allotments, might be taken by Swiss citizens permitted, but the Bank may buy bullion and or other Swiss corporations. The Federal Government took none. No underwritings are exchange and issue gold and silver certificates. The Bank’s notes are not legal tender except in The management is in a council of forty payments to it or to the Treasury, members who are chosen for one year, twenty- Discount rates are low and fairly stable, 3$ to five of whom are appointed by the Government, 4$ per cent, being usual; they rose to 5iper cent, the rest by shareholders, no in the 1907 panic. private share- holder having more than 100 votes, irrespective of shareholdings. The president and National Capital 25,000,000 vice- Surplus .................... 48,500,000 Notes 159,200,000 131,400,000 Deposits at the end of 1907, in francs of 19.3 cts.: Other 231,700,000 National Coin and Bullion Bank Notes 13,100,000 881,500,000 26,700,000 348,700,000 Mortgages 383,000,000 Investments Mortgage Bonds .................... 922,700,000 Other Resources Other Liabilities 3,800,000 120,100,000 this leaves over 48 per cent, in gold to the notes, Other 59,400,000 2,500,000 .................... The National Bank held about 6,000,000 81,300,000 Loans and Discounts 108,300,000 Savings Deposits francs in silver and the other banks 2,000,000; The country is bi-metallic, Following is a statement of the issue banks Totals .................... 962,700,000 3,800,000 155,900,000 18,800,000 I I 3>500>000 214,700,000 2,186,100,000 There are a number of banks in addition whose assets aggregate about 500,000,000 francs. ] |jjjjjj Mir iitil iimni] N A TIO N A L BANK OF GREECE, ATHENS, (E T H N IK E TRAPEZA) GREECE The paper currency here is issued by the The National Bank is privately owned, capital Government, the National Bank and the Ionian 20,000,000 drachmai, upon which dividends of Bank. from 17 to 19$ per cent, have been paid in recent tion, The National is by far the chief institu emitting at times up to 140,000,000 years, showing a very profitable business, with drachmai (equal to 19.3 cts.) of notes; the a wretched money system. Government has 80,000,000 out and the other branches in the several sections of the kingdom, bank less than 4,000,000. the head office being in Athens. The country is bi metallic, but as there is very little coin in reserve (none against Government notes) the money of the country consists of depreciated paper, fluctuating in recent years between 6 and There are forty-two The following statement of the National, in drachmai, is for Dec. 31, 1907. Other banks reporting show about 340,000,000 drachmai of resources, of which the Ionian has about 50,000,000, the Bank of Athens about 170,000,000. 16 per cent. 33,500,ooo Coin Notes 137,500,000 Notes Deposits and Current Accounts 126,000,000 Accounts Abroad 33,900,000 66,300,000 Mortgage Loans 68,700,000 Capital and Surplus Lottery Loan Saving Deposits Government Deposits Other Liabilities Total 9,800,000 per cent, against the notes. 74,300,ooo 17,900,000 Other Loans 117,700,000 4,900,000 Investments 69,700,000 Other Resources 26,100,000 395>9°°,ooo The coin reserve thus figures out less than 2\ Government Loans 3>3° ° , 000 2,200,000 Discount rates are high, but fairly steady, at 6$ per cent. In June, 1908, the gold premium stood at 8$. BANK OF PORTUGAL, LISBON (B A N C O DE PORTUGAL) PORTUGAL The Bank of Portugal is the successor of the of the issue to thrice the metallic reserve; but, in old Bank of Lisbon, founded in 1822; the re fact, conditions, due largely to Government organization took place in 1847, but it was not financial needs, are such that the Bank has for until 1891 that the Bank was given the sole years been permitted to put out notes regardless right to issue notes for a period of forty years. of this restriction, hence they are depreciated, Its capital, 13,500,000 milreis (at $1.08 equals the gold premium ranging at about 15 per cent. $14,580,000) is privately owned, and the di The notes are legal tender. rectors are chosen by the shareholders; the two As in Spain, the circumstances enable the chief officers are, however, appointed by the Bank to maintain a fairly stable discount rate, Government. 5 to 6 per cent, and to pay 9^ per cent, dividends. The head office is at Lisbon; there is one branch and nineteen agencies. The note-issuing franchise limits the amount Capital 13,500,000 Surplus and Profits Notes Out, net 3,340,508 70,967,000 The Bank’s condition at the end of 1907 was, in milreis, as follows: Coin Loans and Discounts Investments Deposits and Current Accounts 3,546,926 Government Debt Other Items 6,321,359 Advance to Treasury Total 97,675,608 The gold held is only about half the total coin, hence the reserve is about 7 per cent. Other Items 9,901,499 30,116,829 5,043,616 21,634,542 25,757,291 5,221,831 Other corporate banks are not important; pri vate banks do a large part of the business. TURKEY cent, steadily. Paper money is not used extensively in the O ttoman E m pire since the retirement of the greatly depreciated Government notes some years ago. The Bank’s resources foot up 204,000,000 levs; its deposits are hence quite considerable, 93,000,000 levs aside from the public deposits. The Imperial Ottoman Bank (es The Bank is at Sophia. EGYPT tablished 1863), an institution controlled by British and French interests, has the right to The British supremacy in the land of the issue notes, but the amount is comparatively Khedive has resulted in the use of paper cur small, and its coin reserve, consisting chiefly of rency issued by one bank, the National, which gold, is usually twice the amount of paper, so is capitalized at £3,000,000 and has a surplus that the notes are practically gold certificates, of more than half that sum. and do not add to the money supply. The up upward of £11,000,000; it carries about statement of the Bank shows for March 31, £6,000,000 of deposits, of which one-fourth is Its resources foot 1908, resources 503,000,000 francs;note issues for the Government. 27,000,000 francs. considerably, in accordance with the demand Other Turkish banks are far less important; The note-issues fluctuate for the cotton crop movement. The total oc the Imperial has over fifty branches, the chief casionally exceeds £3,000,000, but falls to nearly office being in Constantinople. £2,000,000 in the slack season. The statute re quires that the notes be covered to 50 per cent, S ER VI A by coin, the remainder by securities and com Here the National Bank, located in the mercial paper. The Bank has its head office capital city, Belgrade, with capital 20,000,000 in Cairo; Two other dinars (or francs), has the sole note-issuing influence have about £10,000,000 of resources; banks under British power; the country is bi-metallic and the greater numerous foreign banks have agencies. part of the notes is based upon and specifically payable in silver. PERSIA The limit of issue is, as in Roumania, two and one-half times the coin in The Imperial Bank of Persia is a British in reserve; there is also periodically a small pre stitution which is permitted to issue notes, con mium upon gold, usually late in the year. stituting the only paper currency in that country. With about 33,000,000 dinars of notes, probably only It is a British chartered bank with a sixty-year 10 per cent, payable in gold, there is a coin concession from the Shah of Persia. reserve of 9,000,000 dinars gold and 8,000,000 of standard prevails, but the Bank’s reports are silver. The resources total about 60,000,000 rendered in pounds sterling. dinars. Discount rates are steady at about 6 per cent. Other banks are not important. BULGARIA B u l g a r ia has also a National B an k , but its The silver The capital is £650,000, and the note-issues £395,000; de posits, £550,000. Although only about one- half the total resources of £2,200,000 is in loans and discounts, the Bank does a profitable busi ness. The cash held is given as £387,000, but capital of 10,000,000 levs (or francs) is owned by the requirement as to notes is that the coin need the Government, which also issues notes; but be only one-third of the note-issues. the latter are fully covered by coin, while those privilege accorded the Bank the Government of For the of the Bank need be so covered to only 40 per Persia is entitled to 6 per cent, of the profits, cent, of the issue, and are partly payable in sil not, however, less than £4,000 annually. ver. With about 54,000,000 levs in notes, the dends are a little in excess of 6 per cent.; they Divi Bank held 22,000,000 of gold and 18,000,000 in have been at about that figure ever since the silver; yet gold occasionally goes to a small organization in 1889. premium and discount rates are about 7 per Teheran and there are 10 branches. The head office is in BANK OF R O U M A N IA , BUCHAREST (B A N C O N A TIO N A LA A R O M A N IE l) ROUMANIA is by far the most stable of the mainder may be covered by discounted paper. so-called Balkan states from the point of view The notes are not legal tender, but are receiv R o u m a n ia of its monetary system. It has now the gold able for all taxes, and are usually at par; the standard, and established a central bank of exception being when in certain seasons of pres issue in 1880, the National Bank at Bucharest, sure gold and exchange rise to a premium of the capital city. The Government took one- 1 to i j per cent. The discount rate is usually third of the capital 12,000,000 paid in (the lei at 5 to 6 per cent, but rose to 8 per cent, dur is 19.3 cts.); it appoints one-third of the directors. ing the 1907 panic period. The issue power is regulated by the gold in Other reporting banks, show about reserve, which must be at least 40 per cent, of 000,000 lei of resources. the amount of notes out at all times; the re tion at end of 1907 was, in lei: Capital Surplus Notes in Circulation Current Accounts Other Items 12,000,000 Coin on hand 97,194,497 24, 574,391 271,005,760 Gold Abroad 39,384,681 45,221,466 7,o87,375 ___________________________ _____ Total 359,888,992 The gold held was thus less than 40 per Loans and Discounts 89,151,123 Securities 3 1.085,05 5 Current Accounts 93»i78,597 Other Items 9,895,039 fifth of the profits after paying a 6 per cent, cent, of the notes out; but the Bank may count dividend on 30 per cent, of the gold held abroad as part cent, of the reserve. earned nearly 34 per cent, in 1907. 250,- The Bank’s condi The Government receives one- shares and setting aside 20 per of profits to surplus, yet the shares BANK OF BENGAL, CALCUTTA. IN D IA INDIA For a number of years past the paper cur rupees, it had 93,000,000 advanced on securi rency of India has been issued by the Govern ties. ment. for a number of years. The money unit is the rupee, the value of which is arbitrarily fixed at 32.4 cts. But the strictly Indian banks have not been note-issuing institutions. Dividends have been 10 to 12 per cent, The Bank was estab lished in 1809, so that it is about to complete a century of existence. The existing ones are partly con The Bank of Madras , with 6,000,000 rupees trolled by British interests directly and report of capital and 3,600,000 of surplus, carries a their business in pounds sterling; those classi total of resources of 55,500,000 rupees, of which fiable as local include a few important ones. 16.000.000 in cash. All of them operate by means of branches to facilitate business. The £ is fifteen rupees. The Delhi and London has nearly £2,000,000 of resources; the Mercantile has over £6,000,000, and the National, with £800,000 of paid-up capital, shows aggregate means of £13,500,000. The greatest of the Indian banks is the Bank of Bengal, branches. at Calcutta, with a number of Its capital is 20,000,000 rupees and it has a surplus of 15,750,000. Deposits ag The Indian Specie Bank has 7,500,000 rupees capital; it was organized in 1906, and has hence not yet a large business; its resources are upward of 16,000,000. The Bank of Bombay, an important concern, is capitalized at 10,000,000 rupees, and has 9,600,000 of surplus. Deposits are over 93,- 000,000 rupees, of which 11,000,000 are Govern ment funds. The total resources aggregate over gregate 176,000,000, and the resources total 115.000.000 rupees, inclusive of nearly 33,000- 215,000,000 rupees. 000 of cash, a very respectable reserve against the It carried, at the end of 1907, cash to the amount of 46,000,000— a sub stantial reserve fund— and had nearly 28,000,000 in investments. Among its loans of 136.000,000 deposits. Four minor banks reporting show resources of fully 105,000,000 rupees. HONGKONG SHANGHAI B A N K IN G CHINA C O R P O R A T IO N (H O N G K O N G . C H IN A The Russo-Chinese Bank has resources about The “ celestial empire” has neither a welldefined coinage nor currency system. The 160,000,000 rubles; the German Asiatic about 35,500,000 taels. standard is silver, and the tael (a weight), repre The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and sented by a small bar of silver, is the unit, China also does business here, as its name im equal to about 75 cts. A coinage system plies. Its capital is £800,000; surplus, £ 1 ,0 0 0 ,- was adopted some years ago, but not put into 000; note-issues about £500,000 and all assets practical operation to any great extent; a about £18,000,000. national bank was recently organized, has not progressed far. PH ILIPPIN ES but Notes are issued by The old Spanish Filipino Bank continues to Chinese bankers and by British, German, Rus do business here, under the supervision of the sian and Japanese banks. new Government established by the United of these is the By far the greatest Hongkong and Shanghai States. Its capital is 1,500,000 pesos ($750,000), Banking Corporation, capitalized at 15,000,000 and surplus 900,000 pesos. British (silver) dollars, worth in use do not exceed 1,200,000 pesos; included each; it has a surplus of about 50 cts. 25,000,000 and notes 15,700,000 dols. Deposits are 225,000,000, and it has over 50,800,000 dols. of cash on hand. It does business throughout the Circulating notes in its resources of nearly 10,000,000 pesos it had about 1,450,000 of cash. The Hongkong and the Chartered Bank also do a large business, employing about 20,000,000 Orient, and has agencies in the chief commer pesos of means. cial ports of the world where Asiatic trade is International Banking Corporation,with a cap heavy. Its resources total about 300,000,000 dols. A New York institution, the ital of $3,250,000, carries on nearly 10,000,000 pesos. operations of BANK GENERAL B A N K IN G OF NEW SOUTH Sydney, Australia ROOM , BANK WALES OF NEW SOUTH WALES f BANK OF A U ST R A LA S IA , MELBOURNE, A U STR A LIA AU STR ALASIA Australia and New Zealand have twenty-two of £23,000,000; total resources over £34,000,000, banks of issue, some with British charters. But, or more than one-sixth of the total means of all as in Africa, the use of gold is so prevalent that the banks. note-issues are not important in volume. dends The British pound is the standard of value at $4.86§. It has paid 10 per cent, divi regularly for many years; the £ 2 0 shares, all fully paid up, are quoted at £ 4 2 . Treated in the aggregate, their paid-up capital is The Bank of Australasia, Melbourne, dates about £17,000,000, surplus and profits £8,000,- from 1835; its resources exceed £22,500,000, of 000; notes are less than £5,500,000, deposits in which nearly £17,000,000 in loans, £3,750,000 excess of £150,000,000. cash. Of the £200,000,000 of The capital is £1,600,000 and the sur total resources cash, chiefly gold, amounts to plus £1,470,000; notes £505,000. nearly £45,000,000, or nearly 30 per cent, re about 170 branches. serves against deposits and notes. from 11 per cent, to 14 per cent, recently. with population this means a Compared remarkably strong banking position. The Bank of N e w South Wales, organized in It has Dividends were raised The National Bank 0} Australasia, also at Melbourne, has £10,200,000 of resources, of which £7,000,000 is in loans and discounts, 1817, with some 250 branches, is the chief insti £1,650,000 tution, capital £2,500,000 and surplus £1,530,- This bank was organized in 1858, and part of 000; it has over £26,000,000 of deposits and its capital is in preferred shares. only £982,000 of notes out; cash is reported at 150 £6,869,000; the loans and discounts are in excess dividends. cash; branches note-issues and pays are £256,800. It has about 5 per cent, in note-issues, something like the national banks in the United States The most important of the six banks reporting is the Standard, organized 1862, which has nearly half the total resources, its statement showing £26,171,000. This business is done upon a capital of £1,548,000, surplus £1,900,000. Its subscribed capital is, however, £6,194,- 100, the unpaid three-fourths being shareholders’ liability. Dividends are at 14 to 16 per cent., and the shares (£25 paid up) stand at £63. There are about 150 branches and agencies. The Bank o f Africa, established 1879, with £1,000,000 paid up capital £500,000 surplus, and over £6,000,000 of deposits, has only £210,000 of notes out, and nearly £9,000,000 of total resources. There are about 75 branches. There is a substantial bank at Mauritius with £450,000 of means, and one in Nigeria carrying £120,000; for Sierra Leone and the vicinity there is one with over £1,000,000. HEAD OFFICE OF THE BANK OF A F R IC A Cape Town BRITISH AFRICA The British colonial possessions in South Africa have a number of banks which issue notes, but there is no great demand for paper currency in this section of the world, which is the greatest of its gold producers. In all there is only about £1,700,000 of paper in use, and the banks hold several times in gold. the The unit is that amount British pound equal to $4.86$. The following shows the general situation of the banks: Their capital aggregates £4,800,000 and the surplus £3,000,000; their aggregate resources amount to £53,800,000; the cash reported is about £7,000,000. Their business extends throughout the low er part of Africa and the islands adjacent; in addition to a large number of branches there, they have a few in Europe. The banks in Cape Colony proper deposit securities with the Government to cover their THE BANK OF A F R IC A Johannesburg Mexico Like several other countries, Mexico has a may without Federal Government sanction have multiple bank system for issuing notes; yet the branches in other States; the first bank estab National Bank is preeminently the central lished in each State is exempt from federal organ and dominates with a certain measure of taxes; others must pay in addition to general support from the Government. taxes a 2 per cent, capital tax annually. The present system may be said to date from 1896, when There is a Government official attached to revisory federal laws were passed, which sepa each bank who has a supervision over the busi rated banks into classes. ness in general and countersigns the notes. The adoption of the gold standard in 1905 (with a silver currency) Monthly reports of condition are required. served to strengthen it. There must be set aside annually at least 10 per Under this the peso or unit was made equal to 49.8 fcts.; prior thereto cent, of the profits to surplus account. the standard was silver and the peso fluctuated counting of paper is limited to two-name bills Dis in value; at one time (prior to 1875) the old peso running less than six months, unless secured by was worth $1,016. collateral. Mortgage loans are prohibited. Banks of issue are chartered for thirty years; Should the note-issue of a bank exceed the they are required to have at least 500,000 pesos limit of reserves, no further loans may be made; capital, and must deposit in the Treasury, or and if the excess is not retired within forty-five with the National Bank, one-fifth of the capital days the bank may be subjected to enforced with which they begin business, in Government liquidation. bonds. The note-issues are limited to thrice Special features of the law provide for mort the capital in any event; and cash reserves must gage banks and institutions of credit somewhat equal one-half the note-issues and deposits pay like trust companies. able on demand. permitted. No notes under 5 pesos are Notes are not legal tender. They are a first lien upon the assets, and are redeem Discount rates are rather high, 6 to 8 per cent, being a fair average. Following is a statement of the condition of the banks in the* aggregate, for 1907, in able only at the place of issue. State lines are rather closely drawn; no bank pesos: Capital 155,250,000 Bills Discounted 198,874,000 Surplus 54,895,000 Loans 116,566,000 Notes 99,072,000 Mortgages Bonds 18,450,000 Current Accounts 33,426,000 Cash 73,103,000 Other Items 33,926,000 Demand Deposits Deposits and Current Account 348,066,000 709,159,000 Total O f the cash reported 48,600,000 pesos was in gold. Silver is, however, also available for reserves; so that the reserve position was quite In 1897 the aggregate resources were only 131.000.000 pesos; in 1903 the sum reached There has thus been a very marked increase in recent years. There are twenty-six banks of issue, and -six 709,159,000 Total others included in these statements; several of the smaller issue banks have since been merged. The National Bank has over 300,000,000 pesos of resources, or considerably more than strong. 381.000.000. 22,685,000 264,005,000 40 per cent, of the total. The capital has been increased to 32,000,000 pesos, and its surplus is 27,500,000 pesos. agencies. It has 54 branches and Dividends have been 16 to 20 per cent, for a number of vears. THE NATIONAL BANK OF CUBA, HAVANA Banco Nacional De Cuba South America Most of therepublicsof SouthAmerica are pass have its capital increased from 45,000,000 ing through a transition stage in their monetary milreis to 70,000,000, which will bring its re affairs. The central bank plan is being adopted in sources up to 125,000,000 milreis. general, but the completion of the change will be ment takes part of the capital. somewhat delayed in many of them. Banks con do a large business, their resources being fully trolled by foreign interests do a large part of the equal to those locally chartered, say 320,000,000 discounting business, having numerous branches throughout the continent; some of these for milreis for each class. C h i l e has 150,000,000 pesos of Government merly had note-issuing functions as well. notes depreciated to about 44 per cent, (here A r g e n t in a has over 500,000,000 pesos of Government notes, greatly depreciated, but at a fixed valuation of 44 per cent. is 96.5 cts. At par the peso Considerable progress is being made toward the rehabilitation of the currency, the The Govern Foreign banks the peso at par is only 35.6 cts.). A gold fund is being established to bring notes to parity. Banking capital is reported at 80,000,000 pesos, resources about 350,000,000. The Bank of Chile is the central organ, with 30,000,000 pesos Government having a gold fund of nearly 130,- capital, 15,000,000 surplus and 150,000,000 of 000,000 pesos, and the National Bank is being resources. utilized to assist. notes, at 16,500,000 pesos. Its capital of 50,000,000 pesos paper, is being increased to 90,000,000 It reports cash, chiefly Government Foreign banks do a good share of the business. pesos; it will be the central organ of the system, C o l o m b i a has for some time past had the most which includes a number of large foreign-con- depreciated Government currency of recent trolled institutions. Accounts are kept in gold times; it is still rated at 100 for 1 of gold. A and in paper money ; thus the aggregate re central bank with a capital of 8,000,000 pesos sources of the banks were, at the end of 1907, gold has been organized to aid in rehabilitation. approximately 500,000,000 pesos paper and It is privately owned, and may issue notes to 200.000.000 gold; of this the National had 280,- twice the amount of its capital, provided it has 000,000 pesos paper and 30,000,000 gold; its 30 per cent, gold in reserve. cash holdings were 55,000,000 pesos paper and equal to one dollar U. S. The new peso is 18,500,000 gold. Discount rates were 7 per cent. are not numerous, the greater part of the busi B o l i v i a uses bank notes; four banks had the ness being done by private bankers, largely Corporate banks issue right and kept their notes at par in silver foreigners. by adequate reserves. In 1906 the gold stand pesos gold, all resources 1,140,000 pesos gold ard was decreed, and the National Bank is and 55,900,000 of paper; this gives it about gradually becoming the sole note-issuing bank. 6,800,000 pesos at gold values. One bank reports capital 600,000 It has 5,000,000 bolivianos of capital (the unit E c u a d o r has bank notes which stand at par. is 48.7 cts.), and its resources foot up over 20,- Two banks issue them to the amount of 9,500,- 000,000. ooosucres (equal to 48.7 cts.), upon a 50 per cent, Notes out were about bolivianos and cash 4,500,000. 6,500,000 Other banks’ gold reserve. The reports show capital of the notes to the amount of about 3,500,000 bolivi banks 7,600,000 sucres, resources 33,000,000, anos are still in use; their resources are about including 6,200,000 sucres of coin. 13.000.000 bolivianos. Foreign banks do con several agencies of foreign banks in the country. B r a z i l , with about 700,000,000 milreis of about 35,000,000 pesos (the peso at par is 96.5 siderable business. There are P a r a g u a y has also depreciated paper money, Government currency, is planning rehabilitation cts.). upon lines similar to those adopted in Argentina. and it is laboring to correct the currency evil, The paper stands at about 56 per cent.; at par by accumulating some 6,000,000 pesos in gold the milreis is 54.6 cts. to that end. The Bank of Brazil is to A central bank was authorized in 1905, The gold premium was at one tim^ fully 1,000 per cent. Foreigners control the banking almost entirely. Bank sos. resources total about 12,000,000 pe P e r u had such disastrous experiences with H o n d u r a s uses about 500,000 pesos (silver) depreciated paper that the use of notes was of bank-notes fairly covered; bank assets are about 2,500,000 pesos. totally abolished by law. Discount banking is largely in foreign hands. The local reporting shows about 7,000,000 pesos banks show capital £600,000, resources £5,800,- N ic a r a g u a 000. The Peruvian pound is the same as the British, $4.86$. (nominal) of adequate reserves; hence the notes are badly U r u g u a y has superseded the system under depreciated, the premium on gold ranging about 500 per cent. bank-notes out, but very in which three banks (two foreign) issued notes, by limiting the power to its chief institution. G u a t e m a l a has in addition to about 48,000,- The capital of the Bank of the Republic is owned 000 pesos of bank issues, a Government cur chiefly by the Government and it has nearly rency of 6,000,000 pesos; coin in banks is re 11,000,000 pesos of notes out. (Here the peso ported at less than 4,000,000 pesos, hence Against the notes it has over 9,000,- gold is often quoted as high as 1,000 per cent. is $1,034). 000 pesos of coin; part of the notes (about onefourth) are payable in silver. The total re sources of the Bank are about 23,000,000 pesos. P anam a has several small banks, but no note-issues. Foreign banks do a very large part of the busi ness, having resources greater than those of the W E ST INDIES central bank in the aggregate. V e n e z u e l a has also bank notes maintained The islands of the western continent have at par. Three banks of issue capitalized at 19,- the systems of money and banking of the coun tries to which they belong. 250,000 bolivars (equal to 19.3 cts.) show 4,200,000 of notes out and the same amount of coin in hand. Their resources aggregate about 72,000,- 000 bolivars. The Bank of Venezuela is the central organ; its capital is 12,000,000 bolivars; J a m a i c a and the other British possessions, including Guiana, are served largely by the Colonial Bank, established 1836, with a capital of £600,000 and a 25 per cent, surplus. resources 45,000,000. It has usually about £500,000 of notes in use and carries £400,000 of specie in its £3,500,000 of resources; deposits axe at times nearly £2,000,- CENTRAL AM ERICA 000, and it has over £500,000 in bills payable. There are a few minor banks in these col C o s t a R i c a has the best system among these small republics. onies. With the gold standard, the unit the colon of 46.5 cts.,' it has bank-notes G u a d e l o u p e and M a r t i n i q u e each has a maintained at par, issued by three banks; the bank of issue modeled on the French system, amount is limited to twice the coin on hand. each with capital of 3,000,000 francs; their com Capitalized at their re bined note-issues are nearly 13,000,000 francs, Coin holdings and total resources about 31,000,000, including 4,500,000 colones, sources aggregate 17,000,000. are about 2,600,000 colones and notes out 4,200,000. H a i t i has a central bank, S a l v a d o r has the silver standard, the peso fluctuating about 46.5 cts. It uses bank-notes, of which about 4,000,000 pesos are in use, backed by about 1,600,000 of coin (silver). 4,500,000 coin. owned by for eigners, but the arbitrary Government has des troyed its utility. Depreciated Government currency circulates exclusively; gold is at 400 per cent, premium. The Two United States Banks The first United States Bank was organized sidered as one inherent in any bank, for no in 1791, by an act of Congress drawn by Alexan specific authority was given in the charter; der Hamilton, the first and greatest of the there was, however, a proviso that the debts of Secretaries of the Treasury; the charter of the the Bank on account of notes and other items second Bank, granted in 1816, was largely de except deposits were not to exceed the capital. signed upon the same lines, modified in some Thus the limit of issue was under $10,000,000. particulars So long as the notes were redeemable in coin by Albert Gallatin, easily the second in capacity of our long list of finance they were to be received for federal taxes. ministers. count rates were limited to 6 per cent, by the Dis In both cases the charters were for twenty charter; but this restriction was subsequently re years, and were exclusive so far as the federal moved by another act. No complete reports of the condition of the legislature could make them so. Under our composite system of government it was then held Bank are available, although the Treasury was that the States had the unquestionable right to empowered to require them and probably did authorize banks with so. note-issuing powers. From partial reports it appears that there This view, indeed, was the cause of most of the were about $6,000,000 in deposits and $5,000,- currency troubles of the country for over seventy 000 in notes; loans reached $15,000,000, and years. In designing the central banks both Hamilton coin held $5,000,000. and Gallatin had in mind the regulation of the Baltimore, Washington, Norfolk, Charleston, issues of the State banks and not their extinction. Savannah and New Orleans. Jefferson and his political adherents, with the prosperous, exception of those who were under the influence average dividends; the Government sold its of Gallatin, opposed the shares by 1802, realizing a net profit of nearly creation of both The head office was in Philadelphia, and branches existed in New York, The Bank was paying more than 8 per cent, banks, regarding the action unconstitutional; 57 per cent, on the investment, allowing for but Hamilton’s views prevailed with President interest on its bonds issued to buy the shares. Washington in 1791, and the force of circum When, before 1811, the Bank’s charter was stances caused President Madison in 1816 to about to expire, reject Jefferson’s advice. Madison, despite Gallatin’s arguments, vetoed The first Bank was capitalized at $10,000,000, the bill. Congress renewed it, but Immediately upon the expiration of of which the Government took one-fifth, bor the Bank, the State banks in most of the sec rowing the money to pay therefor from the Bank, tions, no longer under restraint, proceeded to upon bonds. The twenty-five directors were inflate their note-issues, and an era of badly chosen by the shareholders, whose voting power depreciated currency followed, which rendered was regulated so that no single shareholder the financing of the War of 1812 vastly more might have more than thirty votes, irrespective difficult. of the number of shares owned. experiences the nation has had; the disasters The Bank was It was one of the most discouraging prohibited from dealing in anything but ex were relatively greater than in later crises, be change and bullion, but it might sell the bonds cause the country was young and not wealthy. received on account of its capital. (In order to By 1816 Madison changed his views and ap help the Treasury to float a loan, it had been proved an act of Congress for the creation of the provided that the major part of the capital was second Bank. to be paid up in Government bonds.) Treasury Government again took one-fifth, paying there The right to issue notes was evidently con appointing (by the President) one-fifth of the inspection was also provided for. Its capital was $35,000,000; the for by borrowing; but it reserved the power of twenty-five directors. The voting of shares was regulated as in the case of the first Bank, foreign holders having no votes; the business and the note-issuing powers were also similarly regu lated, and the discount rate was limited to 6 per cent. and Notes under $5 were prohibited, suspension of payments of notes or the Government bear testimony of these facts. Since its notes alone of all the paper cur rency were receivable for taxes and dues to the federal Government, it was able to induce most of the State banks to keep their currency sound by accepting their notes for the payments to the of Government so long as proper reserves were held 12 per cent, per annum upon the sums in volved. and redemption in specie thus provided for. deposits The was punishable Bank was by a penalty authorized to establish branches where it pleased, provided there was at least one in every State where 2,000 shares of its stock were held. In fact there were five in New England, three in the Middle States, ten in Southern and five in Western States, after 1820; But it refused to do this for State banks mani festing a disregard for ordinary honest principles of banking, thus gradually weeding out the vicious elements, whose worthless notes had been foisted upon the people during the era of inflation. It made special efforts to furnish currency and The facilities to the sections where capital was scarce Government moneys were to be deposited in the and banking means hence deficient; thus its Bank or branches, unless otherwise directed by business in New England, where banks were the Secretary of the Treasury, who was, how numerous, was always far less than that in its the head office was in Philadelphia. ever, required to report to Congress the reasons Southern branches. By far the larger part of its notes were issued in the Southern and Western for any changes. States; and relatively speaking, it is a question The Bank paid the Government $1,500,000 whether at any time since (even to-day) those for the charter and was to do the Government’s sections, always showing a need for greater business without charge. facilities, were as well and as cheaply served as The chaotic monetary conditions retarded they were by the great Bank. the opening of the Bank until 1817, and in But the restraints imposed by the Bank be conjunction with bad management delayed its came irksome to many who were averse to con The con servative banking; this feeling was assiduously stitutionality of the charter was attacked in the cultivated among the people, particularly among highest court, but this question was determined those less prosperous; and presently it became favorably to the institution. a political issue, fathered by President Jackson, efficient operation until after 1819. After these diffi culties had been overcome, the Bank became that the Bank was scourging the people. prosperous and highly efficient, at one time gress in vain endeavored to correct this gross rivaling error; Jackson vetoed the bill to renew the the similar England and France central in institutions of international im Con charter of the Bank, July 10, 1832, and was victorious in the contest before the people in portance. It was, however, at home that its greatest use fulness was shown; it not only regulated the that year. Thus nearly four years before the charter expired, the Bank was doomed, as its paper currency in an admirable manner, but predecessor had been, to be destroyed through the foreign and domestic exchanges and the political fatuity. discount rates as well. ment deposits began to be placed in the State It may be said that never in the country’s history have the people had a sounder currency or more nearly stable money and domestic exchange rates, during the best The writings of banks. That there was some ground for criticism of the Bank’s constitution and management may period of the Bank’s life. be conceded; yet none of these defects were such Gallatin as could not have been adequately remedied by merous executive and than As early as 1833 the Govern as well legislative as nu reports of intelligent legislation. But instead of corrective regulation, destruction had been determined with the Bank question as an issue; but President upon by the Jacksonians; thus the nation was Harrison died before Congress could legislate, wantonly deprived of the very best currency and his successor, Tyler, recreant to the pledges, and banking system it ever had. vetoed repeated bills to create another United The inevita ble result followed: State banks, free from re States Bank. straint, proceeded, with relatively few excep upon our political inertia as a nation, that the tions, to inflate note-issues enormously, in many specters raised by Jackson have prevented the The cur adoption of this, the only practical comprehen the expansion sive solution of our currency evils, as evidenced cases absolutely without reserve. rency soon depreciated and It is an interesting commentary reached the bursting stage in 1837, when the by the experience of other people. country experienced the worst financial crisis in its history. Reports of the second Bank were made periodically; from these a statement of its aver In 1840 the people reversed Jackson, choosing age annual condition for the entire period of its Harrison and Tyler in the campaign that year, life has been prepared, and is here presented: Capital Loans $35,000,000 $39,100,000 Deposits 12.300.000 Securities 9.100.000 Circulation 10.700.000 Specie 6.500.000 Due to Home Banks 700.000 Notes of Other Banks 1.400.000 Due Foreign Banks 800.000 Due from Other Banks 2.400.000 Other Items 4,000,000 Due from Foreign Banks Other Items Total 900,000 4.100.000 $63,500,000 Loans stood highest for the end of any one The charter expired in March, 1836; it con year, at $66,293,000 in 1832, deposits at $22,- tinued, as a State bank, under Pennsylvania 761,000 in the same year, circulation $23,000,000 charter, until 1840, when the losses due to the in 1836, specie at $15,700,000 in 1835. panic compelled liquidation. Courtesy of the Girard National Bank of Philadelphia THE BANK OF T H E U N IT E D STATES PHILAD EL PH IA IN Building now occupied by the Girard National Bank I 795 N. W. HALSEY & CO. Bankers and Dealers in Bonds I N V I T E attention to the superior facilities afforded for the purchase and sale of high grade Investment Bonds and Notes in the various securities markets. W ith an experienced organization and the best of financial, legal and engineering connections, the firm’ s recom mendations are based on expert analysis of dependable information. Detailed lists of Municipal, Railroad and Public Utility Bonds furnished upon application. f Deposits of surplus funds received subject to liberal interest allowance. H Invest ment business of Banks, Trustees and Individuals solicited. Personal Interviews and Correspondence Invited On request, pamphlet, “ Bonds as a Secondary Reserve for Banks ” 4 9 W A L L S T ., N E W Y O R K PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO Boston Correspondent, MERRILL, O L D H A M & CO. Banking in Cuba BANCO N A CIO N A L DE CUBA (N ATIO N A L BANK OF CUBA) Banking in Cuba before the American occu It has only been since the establishment of pation was conducted principally by private the National Bank of Cuba that checks have andwhat are known as merchantbankers, in con been used to any extent, but they are rapidly nection with their other business, and there are growing in favor, as indicated by the increase still some very strong houses of this character. in deposits shown by the statement of this The only two banks which publish state bank from $4,000,000 in 1902 to over $16,- ments of their business in Cuba are the Bank 000,000 in 1908. of Spain for the Island of Cuba and the Na savings department. tional Bank of Cuba. a new departure, organized for the first time in Cuba by this bank. The Bank of Spain was organized in Spanish times, and the Spanish Government transacted its business through it. Of this $1,500,000 is in its The Savings Bank was The number of checks paid over the counter Its nominal capital is $8,000,000 Spanish of the head office of the National Bank of Cuba gold, equivalent, approximately, to $7,200,000 now reaches over 3,000 per day, and the move United States currency, but it carries in its ment of actual cash, as distinct from checks, assets $3,000,000 of its own stock. The stock through the tellers, reaches more than $1,000,- is held principally by Spaniards and its Board 000 per day, principally in coin, as United of Directors is largely composed of the same States bank notes are very scarce. Collections nationality. in Havana run over $1,000,000 per week. The National Bank of Cuba was organized As Cuba’s business is international in its in 1901, and was the fiscal agent and deposit character, so is its banking. ary for the United States Government, and deal in the money of every country of the through it all revenues were disbursed and world in daily transactions over the counter, audited by means of checks on the bank, in the purchase and sale through drafts and The Republic of Cuba adopted the same sys tem of handling its moneys through this bank. The paid-up capital of the National Bank of cable transfers of pounds The bank must sterling, francs, pesetas, marks, liras, yen, Chinese and Mexi can dollars and all other currencies. Cuba is $5,000,000 United States currency. These operations are usually made against Its head offices are in Havana, with fifteen Spanish gold, as the local payments are made branches throughout the Island. in that money. The stock of this bank is held principally in Cuba, the Drafts are drawn on Cuba in Spanish gold or silver and United States cur Its rency, and remitted in the money of the coun Board of Directors is composed of Americans, try from which the drafts come, although some Cubans and Spaniards. bankers require drafts on them payable “ in United States, France and Great Britain. This bank has com bined the National banking system of the Spanish gold at the current rate.” In order United States with the branch banking sys to make the rates, the bank must, therefore, tems of Europe, and its heads of departments keep advised daily by telegrams of the situa have been drawn from the principal banks of tion and markets of every part of Cuba, and the world. Business and correspondence is con by cable, of the principal money centers of ducted in Spanish, English,FrenchandGerman the world. to meet the requirements of the cosmopolitan and international character of its business. The Bank of Havana and branches of the T o indicate the volume of foreign exchange, the turnover of the National Bank of Cuba in the last year amounted to $140,000.00©, Royal Bank of Canada and the Bank of Nova which includes the operations between bank Scotia are also doing business in Cuba. ers. Banking House of Knauth, N achod & K uhne, Leipzig, G erm any. H E Banking House of Knauth, Nachod & Kuhne, T N ew York and Leipzig, was founded in 1852. They were the pioneers in educating the inland banks of the United States to do a Foreign Exchange business. They make a specialty in providing funds for travelers; their letters of Credit being among the best known in the world, and their Travelers* cheques are the most convenient form of procuring ready funds for the traveler that can be secured. They make arrangements with Banks and Bankers, enabling them to draw their own drafts direct on more than one thousand cities in Europe and the Orient. They have a thoroughly organized department for the sale of investment securities, and execute orders on the New York Stock Exchange. They receive deposit accounts, subject to check, on favorable terms and invite correspondence. Members o f the New York Stock Exchange. v | <urn:uuid:5da011dc-7b8c-46f9-81cf-0d71dd92a3bc> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/american-bankers-convention-year-book-containing-banking-systems-world-1056/fulltext | 2024-04-19T12:10:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.945488 | 52,167 |
A typical day for doctors includes visiting patients, documenting notes, and writing prescriptions. However, a typical day for Dr. Thomas M. Prose, owner of General Medicine, P.C., in Novi, Mich., included filing thousands of false claims with Medicare. (Sounds like he wrote a few prescriptions for fraud.)
Since 2016, Prose and 17 other living communities and nursing homes billed Medicare for visits that were unnecessary, not performed, and did not meet the billing codes requirement. The six-year-scheme resulted in Medicare doling out $40 million dollars to the fraudsters. (That’s like winning the lottery but instead of risking the loss of his own money, the doctor was up to no good when he stole American taxpayer money.)
The 96-page complaint from the Department of Justice stated that Prose hired nurse practitioners and doctors to treat patients. The healthcare professionals (if you can call them that) performed tests that were not necessary. Administering these tests allowed the medical practice to reach visit quotas. (It was all about the numbers, not the patients.)
As if that were not bad enough, the fraudsters exaggerated their notes to suggest that the patient visits were more comprehensive. This false information allowed the defendants to use billing codes that would provide higher reimbursement rates. (That’s where the $40 million came from.)
Prose and his accomplices submitted false claims in multiple states including, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Louisiana, Iowa, Ohio, and North Carolina. (It seems like Prose had a goal of committing fraud in every state).
Prose received warnings that the visits did not properly meet the billing codes. Despite this, General Medicine continue finding ways to deceive the system. (One thing you have to admire about criminals is their perseverance.)
Apart from Dr. Prose’s imminent doom, two former General Medicine nurse practitioners are also in trouble. Jami Mayhew pled guilty in 2020 to healthcare fraud and Phillip Greene was indicted in September 2021.
Mayhew admitted to submitting 251 false claims to Medicare. General Medicine paid Mayhew $27 for every false claim she submitted. (Looking back, I bet that this fraudster won’t think that the $6,777she made off of this scam was worth it when she’s peering out from behind jail bars.) As for the leader of this scheme, Prose has not been found guilty. (Now we must wait in anticipation to see if he will join Mayhew in jail.)
Today’s Fraud of the Day comes from a McKnight’s article, “DOJ alleges $40 million Medicare fraud scheme tied to assisted living, nursing homes,” published on April 5, 2022.
A $40 million Medicare fraud scheme involving assisted living communities and nursing homes includes the submission of thousands of false claims across several states over six years, according to the Department of Justice.
The department said Friday that it had filed a 96-page complaint under the False Claims Act against Thomas M. Prose, M.D., owner of Novi, MI-based General Medicine, alleging widespread healthcare fraud involving the submission of thousands of false claims to the Medicare program. The company employed physicians and nurse practitioners to treat long-term care residents and patients in several states, including Illinois and Missouri. | <urn:uuid:f3ba9877-6c74-4fae-8bae-184f312392a0> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fraudoftheday.com/up-to-no-good/ | 2024-04-19T11:09:17Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.962562 | 682 |
CBSE Class 8 Science Notes Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals
Physical Properties of Metals:
- hard to touch.
- lustrous i.e., freshly Cut surfaces of metals have characteristic shining.
- malleable; the property of metals by which they can be beaten mW thin sheets is called malleability.
- ductile; the property of metal by which it can be drawn into wires is called ductility.
- sonorous i.e., metals produce ringing sound when struck on a hard surface.
- Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals like sodium and potassium are soft and can be cut with a knife.
Mercury is the only metal which is found in the liquid state at room temperature.
Physical Properties of Non-metals:
- Non-metals are soft and dull (e.g., coal and sulphur).
- Non-metals are generally brittle, i.e., they break down into a powdery mass on tapping with a hammer.
- They are not sonorous.
- They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals:
Reaction with Oxygen: Both metals and non-metals when burnt in oxygen from their oxides. Oxides of metals are basic in nature while that of non-metals are generally acidic in nature e.g.,
Reaction with Water: Some metals react with water to produce metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Generally, non-metals do not react with water.
Reaction with Acids: Metals react with dii. acids and produce metal salt and hydrogen gas. Generally, non-metals do not react with dil. acids.
Reaction with Bases: Metals react with bases to produce hydrogen gas.
Displacement Reaction: More reactive metals displace less reactive metals from their metal compounds in aqueous solutions.
Uses of Metals and Non-metals
- Metals are used in making machinery automobiles, aeroplanes. trains, satellites, industrial gadgets, cooking utensils, water boilers etc.
- Non-metals are also used in day-to-day life. Some examples are:
- oxygen is essential for life.
- nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used as fertilizers.
- chlorine is used as a water purifier.
Atom: Atom is the smallest particle of matter which cannot be divided further by any physical means. Atoms are the basic units from which molecules and ions are formed.
Conductor: Substances which allow heat/electricity to pass through them are called conductors of heat/electricity
Displacement reaction: More reactive metals displace less reactive metals from their compounds in aqueous solutions.
Ductility: The property of metals by which they can be drawn into wires is called ductility
Elements: Substances whose molecules contain only one type of atoms are known as elements.
Hardness: Metals are hard, on the other hand, non-metals are generally brittle.
Malleability: The property of metals by which they can be beaten into thin sheets is called malleability.
Metals: The materials which are generally hard, lustrous, malleable, ductile, sonorous and good conductors of heat and electricity are called metals
Metalloids: Elements which possess characters of both metals and non-metals are called met.alloids.
Non-metals: Materials which are soft, dull in appearance, brittle, not sonorous and poor conductors of heat and electricity are called non-metals.
Sonorous: Metals are called sonorous because they produce a specific ringing sound. | <urn:uuid:da79f42a-68c7-4e77-a489-ad36b8d045f3> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://free-education.in/courses/class-8th-online-class/lesson/chapter-4-materials-metals-and-non-metals/ | 2024-04-19T12:49:27Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.942419 | 783 |
- A chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give off heat and light is called combustion.
- The burning of wood is an example of combustion.
Combustible and Non-Combustible Substances
- Substances which easily catch fire are combustible substances, such as paper, coal, wood.
- Substances which do not catch fire readily are non-combustible substances, such as sand, water, glass.
History of Wood and Candle Flame
- Any substance, which upon combustion produces a usable amount of energy is known as fuel. For example, fossil fuels, biogas, nuclear energy, etc.
- Fuels can be solid, liquid or gas depending on their state.
- On the basis of their occurrence, it can be either natural or artificial.
The lowest temperature at which a combustible substance catches fire when heated in air is called its ignition temperature.
The substances, which have very low ignition temperature and can easily catch fire with a flame are known as inflammable substances. Examples: diesel, LPG, acetone.
- Fire is the result of a chemical combustion reaction between oxygen and some sort of fuel.
- How long a fire lasts depends on how much fuel and oxygen are available.
For the generation of fire, we need three things to be present simultaneously:-
- Some sort of fuel or combustible material.
- A heat source to raise the temperature of the fuel to its ignition temperature.
- Enough oxygen to sustain combustion. So, if we remove any one of these resources, the fire can be controlled.
- Flame is the visible and gaseous part of the fire.
- What we see as the flame is the light energy released due to the combustion of fuel.
Zones of Candle Flame
Structure of Flame
- The outermost zone is the hottest among all zones and is blue in colour and this is due to complete combustion. It is the non-luminous part of the flame.
- The middle zone of the candle flame is moderately hot and is yellow in colour, and partial combustion of fuel takes place. It is the bright part of the flame.
- The innermost zone of the flame is the least hot and is black in colour. This is due to the presence of unburnt wax vapours.
- Smoke is an example of solid (unburnt particles) dispersed in a gas (air).
- The black colour of smoke is due to the presence of unburnt carbon particles in the smoke.
Types of Combustion
- The type of combustion in which heat and light are released in a very short span of time is called rapid combustion. For e.g. combustion of L.P.G.
- The type of combustion in which substances catch fire on their own, without the application of heat is termed as spontaneous combustion. For e.g. forest fires.
Working of a Matchstick
- The main component of the bulb of a matchstick is red phosphorus which turns into white phosphorus on heating.
- White phosphorus spontaneously ignites, thereby increasing the temperature of the wooden stem to the ignition point and the matchstick starts burning.
Fire can be controlled by removing any or all of the factors of combustion, i.e. fuel, oxygen (air) and ignition temperature (by lowering the temperature).
- The fire extinguisher is a device used by the fire brigade to control fire.
- The role of the fire extinguishers is to cut off the supply of oxygen or bring down the temperature of the fuel or both.
- The ideal fuel is cheap, easily available and readily combustible.
- It has high calorific value.
- It does not produce harmful gases or residues that pollute the environment.
Calorific Value and Efficiency of a Fuel
- The amount of heat energy produced on complete combustion of 1 kg of a fuel is called its calorific value. The calorific value of a fuel is expressed in a unit called kilojoule per kg (kJ/kg).
- Efficiency is that proportion of energy released by a fuel combustion process which is converted into useful work.
- Calorific value is directly proportional to its efficiency. If the value is high, it’s efficiency will also be high. If the value is low, it’s efficiency would also be low.
Harmful Products from Burning of Fuel
- The burning of fuels like wood, coal and petroleum products releases unburnt carbon particles in the air which causes respiratory problems.
- Incomplete combustion of fuels produces a very poisonous gas called carbon monoxide.
- The burning of fuels releases carbon dioxide in air in the environment which causes global warming.
Unburnt Carbon Particles
- Carbon fuels like wood, coal, candle, petroleum release unburnt carbon particles.
- These fine particles are dangerous pollutants causing respiratory diseases, such as asthma.
- Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas, which is produced by incomplete combustion of fuels.
- It is dangerous to burn coal in a closed room as the carbon monoxide produced can kill people sleeping in that room.
- The rise in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere due to the release of carbon dioxide on combustion of fuels is termed as global warming.
- Melting of polar ice-caps or change in the rainfall pattern are the consequences of global warming.
- Acid rains are caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acid.
- It has a very harmful effect on plants, land and aquatic animals and infrastructure. | <urn:uuid:c116012b-2fe8-4a9a-9544-659eea2eb3e8> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://free-education.in/courses/class-8th-online-class/lesson/chapter-6-combustion-and-flames/ | 2024-04-19T13:14:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.924724 | 1,166 |
A member of CBS contributor Frank Luntz's focus group called Hillary Clinton the "worst liar I think I've ever seen" after seeing a clip of her tell Scott Pelley that she had "always tried" to tell the truth.
In the uncomfortable clip last month, Clinton added to Pelley that she did not "believe I ever have" lied to the American people:
Pelley cited former president Jimmy Carter’s 1976 promise to voters when he said, "I will not lie to you," asking Clinton if she would also make such a statement.
"Well, I have to tell you, I have tried in every way I know how, literally from my years as a young lawyer all the way through my time as secretary of state, to level with the American people," Clinton said in response.
"You talk about leveling with the American people. Have you always told the truth?" Pelley then asked.
"I’ve always tried to," Clinton responded. "Always, always."
Appearing a bit puzzled, Pelley pushed Clinton on the question, saying, "Some people are going to call that wiggle room that you just gave yourself. ‘Always tried to.’ Jimmy Carter said, ‘I will never lie to you.’"
"No, I’ve always tried to," Clinton said again, appearing flustered. "You know, you’re asking me to say have I ever. I don’t believe I ever have. I don’t believe I ever have. I don’t believe I ever will. I’m going to do the best I can to level with the American people."
In the clip played on Face The Nation, Luntz asked his focus group what they found wrong with Clinton's statement.
"You could turn off the sound and still see on her face that she was lying," a Republican woman said. "She was the worst liar I think I've ever seen in my life."
"She lied about lying," another woman said, as the group laughed.
The focus group, conducted earlier this week, consisted of Florida voters opposed to both Clinton and Republican Donald Trump. Both candidates are the frontrunners for their party's respective nominations.
Clinton's low marks with honesty and trustworthiness have plagued her throughout the election, particularly with regard to the private email server she used as secretary of state. | <urn:uuid:94cee444-4a79-4911-b033-4934a6ff0ebd> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://freebeacon.com/politics/cbs-focus-group-clinton-worst-liar-ever-seen/ | 2024-04-19T11:26:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.98612 | 502 |
Auto Lemon Kix has one of the most complex and fruity flavour profiles in our autoflower seed collection. You can smell a certain sweet, fruity fragrance reminiscent of a well-known USA brand of small, colourful candies. Expect a rich attractive fruity/skunky scent, a citrus-like taste and a very powerful, long-lasting euphoric high.Auto Lemon Kix has been a household name since its introduction among serious growers looking for the most flavoursome buds. Due to careful crossing and selection, it is fairly easy to grow. She doesn’t need any special growing techniques or feeding schedules to give excellent results. Full organic nutrition works best. Bear in mind that she grows and flowers a little differently to the more standard traditional, compact Indica varieties. This Dutch Passion auto has built up a very good reputation in a short period of time and is considered by many to be one of the best autoflower varieties currently available. If you are looking for a super fruity autoflower strain with a high THC content and a delicious Sativa dominant up-high that lasts for a long time, we recommend that you try these cannabis seeds at least once. Chances are you won’t want to grow anything else after this! Auto Lemon Kix is a plant that reaches medium to tall heights under the right conditions. She grows in the traditional Dutch Passion autoflower way, with a large central main bloom and long outstretched side branches. Some branches need support during the flowering phase to support the weight of the flowers. The Sativa dominant genes ensure abundant growth and a slightly longer flowering phase. Taking around 12 weeks to grow from seed to harvest, this is an autoflower that needs a little longer than the faster Indica dominant autoflower seeds from our collection.
Copyrights Fres.co seedshop 2021
Powered by Oracle art vision | <urn:uuid:dd126530-729d-4595-8ddb-679117c1edb2> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://frescoseeds.gr/en/product/auto-lemon-kix-dutch-passion/ | 2024-04-19T11:50:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.941782 | 382 |
Wakana satin dress is cut from a silk/stretch fabric with a satin surface and features a squared neckline together with an elastic around the waist. The skirt contains a high slit and placed pleats for draping.
The perfect dress for late-night festivities.
• Fitting: True to size, take your normal size. The model is 176cm tall and wears size S.
• Quality: 93% silk, 7% elastane -satin
• Care instructions: If you don’t have any spots, avoid washing and steam your it instead. Did you know a steamer kills 99% of all bacteria? If you need to wash your silk garment we highly recommend dry-clean. This is the safest and best way to make sure it will last for a lifetime. For more info about our care instructions, please click here. | <urn:uuid:bc630ede-7d49-462f-a227-b58d1fcff692> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://friendhs.se/produkt/ahlvar-gallery-wakana-satin-dress-midnight-blue/ | 2024-04-19T12:26:42Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.908463 | 180 |
This report from COFADEH, the most prominent Human Rights organization in Honduras was released on October 22. It includes violations reported to them which happened between July 16th and October 15th. It documents 21 assassination, four of those assassinated were teachers. There were 4,234 denunciations of violation of fundamental liberties and there are 114 people who have been accused of sedition.
https://friendshipamericas.org/sites/default/files/sites/quixote.org/files/II INFORME SITUACIONAL RESUMEN EJECUTIVO COFADEH.pdf, https://friendshipamericas.org/sites/default/files/sites/quixote.org/files/COFADEH-report-en-final.pdf | <urn:uuid:da3c97bf-8e41-4760-9565-63fb9eeb655c> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://friendshipamericas.org/programs/honduras-accompaniment-project/cofadeh-human-rights-report-ii-nov-2009/ | 2024-04-19T11:49:22Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.94656 | 166 |
Jeffrey Bruno’s photos have been lighting up Catholic media and online platforms since he took up a camera and began telling visual stories about what it means to live with faith in the real world.
When independent film maker Michael Hogan asked to join Bruno for a shoot of the Solemn Profession of the Sisters of Life in New York City last year, and then expressed his desire to to a mini-documentary about him, Bruno was surprised.
“When he mentioned that he wanted to do a mini-documentary about me, I was initially taken aback, but it was an opportunity,” writes Bruno, a convert to the Catholic faith, on Facebook. “[It was] An opportunity to evangelize, not only in the traditional sense but in the vocational sense.”
Bruno says he frequently gets messages from people who want to do what he does but don’t know where to start.
“I pray that his film helps,” he writes. “Because the truth is that I’m only one man, and there needs to be an army.”
Whether you’re a budding photographer with a sense of mission, or you’re looking for some inspiration, this 8 1/2-minute documentary on what it means to be a “digital evangelist” will lift your heart and introduce you to a man who’s using his talents to share the Catholic faith on the streets of New York City and beyond. | <urn:uuid:d9629ac4-512c-4399-9c5f-11a03c5dfe88> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://frontity.aleteia.org/2022/09/03/jeffrey-bruno-is-a-digital-evangelist-and-wants-you-to-be-one-too/ | 2024-04-19T12:45:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.96419 | 309 |
The lottery is a form of gambling in which numbers are drawn for a prize. Historically, governments have used lotteries to fund public works such as roads and canals. Private lotteries have also financed many famous buildings, including the Sydney Opera House and the Great Wall of China.
While there are no guarantees that anyone will win, people can improve their chances by buying more tickets and selecting better numbers. They can also avoid superstitions and avoiding lucky stores and times of day to buy tickets. However, the most important factor is dedication and understanding how the odds work.
Harvard statistics professor Mark Glickman suggests playing random numbers rather than relying on significant dates like birthdays or ages, which may have more than one winner. He also recommends buying Quick Picks, which are randomly selected. This way, if you win the Mega Millions or Powerball jackpot, you won’t have to split it with anybody who picked your numbers.
Lotteries are popular as a low-risk investment with the potential to pay off big. However, they can actually cost Americans billions in foregone savings that could be going toward retirement or college tuition. And despite the fact that lotteries are an important source of state revenue, consumers don’t understand that they’re paying an implicit tax on every ticket purchase. As a result, they tend to see purchasing tickets as a social responsibility or a small contribution to the community. In reality, that money would be far better spent building an emergency fund or eliminating credit card debt. | <urn:uuid:18c6d265-1837-4166-8385-7aa06e69d412> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://frrinc.com/2024/02/05/ | 2024-04-19T12:12:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.972872 | 312 |
Use felt to make the cutest phone case! This stylish project is great for teens and no sewing experience is […]
Create a custom felt cover to protect and store your phone. This easy project is appropriate for kids with all levels of […]
Make a fun Halloween spiderweb phone case with simple step-by-step instructions. It’s easy, inexpensive, and is sure to get lots […]
This cute felt container can hold hand-held video games or other electronics. It’s a great sewing project for a beginner.
Using duct tape and color coordinated fabric, we’ll show you how to construct a really cool phone case! Back to […]
Looking for a great gift for the teenagers in your life? These phone cases are easy to make with a […] | <urn:uuid:f95a9230-79b6-4465-acac-00dfaa3ab7ed> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://funfamilycrafts.com/tag/case/ | 2024-04-19T13:10:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.901793 | 159 |
If you are looking to purchase a new PC or planning to upgrade your original one then a single component is going to solve all these issues. The component turns out to be a rog motherboard and it is a vital form of the PC puzzle. It goes on to showcase a variety of components that you will be able to showcase like the processor that you are going to use as part of the new PC. All this is going to give you an idea about the gigabyte budget motherboard that you are expected to use.
The moment you go on to choose a PC, it is necessary that a complementary keyboard is expected to be the next component that would be a part of your build. The selection of a mother board has to be broken down into a series of steps. Even before you go on to choose one it is necessary that you compare all of them to arrive the best option.
When you are going to choose a mother board you need to be aware that it should deal with your present and future requirements. If you feel that you are not going to modify your PC beyond the existing configuration then it is always opted for a gigabyte budget motherboard that will align with your needs. But if you feel that extra support is needed then there is nothing to worry.
Table of Contents
This is the first decision that you need to make when it comes to the choice of a mother board. Here the decision boils down to the choice of a couple of companies AMD and Intel. Both of them go on to provide CPUs of medium to extreme high range. Since both the companies are constantly upgrading their products, this information could go on to become stale quickly
The moment you have gone on to decide which CPU suits your requirements, then you need to choose a mother board that suits the right socket, along with the right type of chip set. It is not that important to figure out what would go in the making of a chip set. But you have to keep in mind that you choose the mother board with the right chip set. Since you are doing considerable research about mother boards you want to ensure that whatever you choose aligns with your needs.
Mother boards are available in a variety of sizes. What it means is that you are going to have some level of flexibility to incorporate it into the environment that you require. If you have ample amount of space you would like to be using a full tower space set, whereas if you are planning a home theatre you want a small space.
For this reason mother boards are available in various sizes along with form factors. Not only it goes on to define the size of the mother board but illustrates the components that it may go on to support. | <urn:uuid:47d91f6e-e470-47a7-b5fb-d7b7d582c29a> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://fushionworld.com/the-protocols-in-place-to-choose-the-right-mother-board/ | 2024-04-19T12:57:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.968976 | 537 |
Giving Tuesday is on a Sunday this year.
Not that Giving Tuesday … the real one. December 31.
Giving Tuesday (the “official” one) is a big day for some organizations.
But not for everyone.
December 31 is a much bigger day. For nearly all organizations, it is by far the biggest online giving day of the year.
If there’s a day you should be worried about being prepared for, it’s December 31.
If you’ve raised a lot on past Giving Tuesdays, keep at it. Think about adding more messaging.
If Giving Tuesday is weak for you, consider giving it a miss. Put whatever time and budget you’ll save into your end-of-year campaign.
If you’re not sure about Giving Tuesday, dip your toe in. Give it a try. It might be worthwhile. If it goes well, do it again next year, maybe even more so. If it doesn’t go well, you are free to away and never think about it again!
But be sure to keep your eyes on the real prize: December 31. | <urn:uuid:afa40de1-5e9c-471a-9796-62fd4742702f> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://futurefundraisingnow.com/2023/11/worried-about-giving-tuesday-maybe-you-shouldnt/?cid=6a0120a59ccea7970b02c8d3a4ab0f200c | 2024-04-19T11:15:42Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.962983 | 238 |
What happens when your biggest customer is in the eye of a hurricane?
Our CEO and inventor Alison Grieve spoke to Insider about the Home Shopping Network (HSN) and its Florida headquarters, which were right in the path of Hurricane Irma.
"Last week we were glued to our tablet screens as the news reports of historically powerful Hurricane Irma came through thick and fast.
We have many personal friends on the East Coast, across Florida and over to Charleston.
I video called our friend Kelly, who had joined me just the other week at the ErgoExpo in Vegas.
Emergency alerts had pinged on our phones to warn us of flash flooding – an occurrence almost unheard of in Vegas but linked to the devastation caused by Hurricane Harvey.
Now she was back in Charleston, huddled in the hallway with her dog, boyfriend, bedding and three suitcases filled with their most valuable possessions as a tornado ripped through a highway just two miles away from them.
The unpredictable Irma took a turn away from its forecast path shortly before the weekend. Instead of a sweep across the Eastern side of Florida and onto Georgia and the Carolinas, Irma swept slightly west, gaining in strength, and heading directly for St Pete, over the water from Tampa.
Why was this particularly concerning for G-Hold? Because our largest customer, HSN, is right bang in the middle of St Pete."
Read the full story | <urn:uuid:6dd47a4f-f0cc-4f64-bb68-cfdfc7b275b8> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://g-hold.com/blogs/news/what-happens-when-your-biggest-customer-is-in-the-eye-of-a-hurricane | 2024-04-19T12:30:31Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.974037 | 287 |
When it comes to the beautiful game of football, there are a lot of players that have left a mark on this sport. However, rarely do any of them can match the charisma and legendary status of the great Diego Maradona. This is exactly what inspired Blueprint Gaming, one of the best creators of branded online slots, to come up with this one-of-a-kind slot experience that is D10S Maradona.
The first thing you will notice when playing the D10S Maradona slot are the visuals that are reminiscent of the 80s and 90s. However, do not let this fool you, since you get the usual high-end graphics, only with a bit of a retro twist that is sure to make even non-football players nostalgic.
This means that everything from the symbols, to the features, is meant to match the excitement of watching the legendary Maradona and his captivating playing style. And speaking of the symbols, needless to say, Blueprint made sure to use all of the clubs that Maradona represented throughout his career as an inspiration to create the lucrative premium symbols, including the jersey from the national football team of Argentina.
And just as exciting are the bonus features of this online slot. To ensure that you get an exciting and absolutely engaging online slot, Blueprint stacked this game with a bunch of unique and absolutely rewarding features that are sure to keep you on the edge of your seat for the duration of your gaming session. Especially the final D10S spin round.
The whole list includes 4 different cash collecting symbols, free spins, multipliers, wilds, sticky wilds… Everything that you need in order to match the excitement and unpredictability of watching the great Maradona play.
Consequently, the best way to experience D10S Maradona is to head to our slots department and read the full review of D10S Maradona. We guarantee that you will absolutely love this classic slot experience, and that is regardless of whether you love football or not.
Read the full review of D10S Maradona | <urn:uuid:7bd6e137-9483-4497-a4f8-ff4d46f861ad> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://gamblersconnect.com/d10s-maradona-by-blueprint-gaming-is-an-homage-to-the-legendary-diego-maradona/ | 2024-04-19T12:38:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.952918 | 426 |
There are many reasons to invest in a garage door that has insulation. Here at Neighborhood Garage Door Service of Sacramento, CA, we have some recommendations to make in regards to the type of insulation that you choose.
Choose the Correct R-Value
What is R-value? It is the standard in which the thermal resistance of different types of construction materials are rated. It will measure the amount of thermal conductivity that is capable of passing through a wall. This applies to both cold air or hot air. When you have a higher R-value on your insulation, it will keep the environment inside of your garage at a better climate.
Why Is Insulation Important?
Many residential homeowners use their garage to store their vehicles. This protects your vehicle from the elements. You may not think that insulation is that important, since many people store their vehicles outside with less problems.
The trouble comes in with the other things that you store inside of your garage. A garage provides a place to keep items that will not fit in your home. If you are storing seasonal clothing, decorations, or other household goods, insulation is very important.
Also, many people use their garage to store tools, lawn equipment, and other outside aids. These items are in need of good insulation as well. When your garage is insulated properly, it cuts down on the moisture and condensation that can get inside. If your area is not well insulated, it can ruin the other items that you are storing.
Two Different Types of Insulation
While there are several different brands on the market, there are two basic types of insulation that you can purchase. Either you will buy something that is made from polystyrene or polyurethane. Of these two types of insulation, polyurethane is the highest quality. It provides better thermal resistance than polystyrene.
Which Should Garage Door Insulation Should I Choose?
There are few things to consider when determining which insulation you should go with for your garage door. Consider these things when making your decision:
As discussed before, the R-value should be taken into account when making a purchase. The higher the value, the better the material will insulate your garage. It is best to go with an insulation that has an R-value of at least 12. This is particularly important for areas that have harsh winters.
Should you go with an R-value of 16 on the insulation, you will find that the garage will not become as cold. Depending on the harshness of the winter, you may not have to heat the room at all. Obviously, those that spend a lot of time in their garages doing work projects may have this concern. If you do not spend time in your garage, then heating will not ever be necessary.
Reduce Electric Bills
The other reason that you should pay particular attention to the insulation you use in your garage, is that it directly affects your electric bills. This is, of course, if your garage is attached to your home. For those that have attached garages, insulation will affect your power bill.
It is best to go with an R-value of 16 to keep your garage at a better temperature during summer or winter. The insulation will keep the trapped heat and cold from entering your home.
Contact Us For Insulation
If you are interested in garage door insulation, please call Neighborhood Garage Door Service of Sacramento, CA for assistance. We are able to help you decide which type of insulation to purchase and make the installation for you. | <urn:uuid:d8526392-7e50-42d6-8b1c-6e3b2d40a605> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://garagedoorservice.com/news-tips/what-kind-of-garage-door-insulation-should-i-have/ | 2024-04-19T11:24:13Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.961041 | 714 |
The European debate on transnational lists has been one of the most recurrent ones over the last years, even before the Conference on the Future of Europe (CoFoE).
In fact, there is no such thing as a single European election every five years but 27 national elections (following 27 different election laws) that are taking place simultaneouly in order to select the 705 members of the European Parliament, with each country electing from 6 (Malta) to 96 MEPs (Germany).
Right before the COFOE, the 2019 elections and particularly Brexit already brought back the proposal of transnational lists, as the 73 EP seats left vacant by the British has to be redistributed.
The principle of the current elections and its flaws
It is clear that there is no such thing as an ideal electoral system and a fortiori in a complex institutional framework as the European one. The current procedures, which are mainly based on the Act concerning the election of representatives to the assembly by direct universal suffrage (adopted in 1976 and amended several times), present a number of critical flaws which have often sparked parliamentary debates.
- First, MEPs are elected from national or sub-national lists, and citizens generally vote for candidates who represent and defend primarily national concerns. As a result, future MEPs tend to prioritise national issues in their programmes and thus exclude the remaining European citizens who are not primarily interested in issues limited geographically to one or another member state.
- Moreover, the number of seats allocated to the deputies does not currently follow the principle of degressive proportionality: this implies that the representativeness of the populations is not fully taken into account, which would constitute the second flaw of the current election system.
- Above all else, the major problems with all types of political elections, including the European ones, is that most people are not well informed about the different programmes and parties and therefore do not have a clear idea of how to vote with a clear conscience.
In short, the current election system does not allow Europeans to make their voices heard sufficiently!
These issues have also been addressed in the framework of the COFOE which could represent a unique opportunity to involve European citizens in shaping our parliamentary democracy pushing for truly pan-EU elections and transnational lists.
What are transnational lists? What would it change in the elections?
The main purpose of transnational lists is to allow voters to vote on the basis of a comparison of candidates’ ideas and political visions, transcending the territorial affiliation and nationality of their representatives.
By having a European transnational debate voters would be brought closer to European challenges. To “Europeanise” the elections, the candidates on the transnational lists would have to address both the voters in their own state and the voters in the rest of the continent presenting projects and programmes that are much more in line with common European targets.
In concrete terms, the adoption of transnational lists would result in an additional constituency to the elections we know today, allocating part of the seats to these lists, European citizens would thus have two votes:
– One to be cast for a candidate on a (sub)national list drawn by national parties (the same way as it this now), and
– One to be cast for a candidate on an EU-wide transnational list drawn by European political parties.
In addition, European political parties should ensure that their transnational lists guarantee fair gender representation and geographical balance in the countries presented on these lists. For example, candidates on a list should have the nationality of at least ¼ of the EU member states (which is the threshold for the creation of a European political group or party) and for every five candidates, no candidate should have the same nationality.
Are transnational lists a good idea?
The subject of transnational lists has been debated at European level since the 1990s and initiatives to introduce them have been rejected several times to date by the oppositions.
According to the latter, the main drawback is that such lists would generate a high risk of misunderstanding on the part of the voter, jeopardising the main objective of “Europeanising” the elections.
Voters could easily be misled and confused by these two separate lists: on the one hand, they will have the impression of casting a ‘European’ vote with the transnational list, but on the other, they will feel that they are casting a ‘national’ vote. Given that the vast majority of seats are allocated by the national list, this will merely reinforce the national character of the elections and thereby ultimately undermine the transnationalist objective.
garagErasmus involvement in the topic
garagErasmus Foundation, with the support of the European Parliament, addressed this issue during the European elections in 2019. We decided to raise students’ interest in Europe and their future as European citizens. To this end, we created the “Erasmus Vote Power” project, which served to provide students on mobility abroad (through various local events in several European countries) with a wealth of information on how to vote properly and to learn more about the European priorities and policies at stake in these elections.
So, in this kind of case, the key is to be well informed at first and then to speak out, to make your voice heard. This is what this Conference on the Future of Europe invites you to do. Thus, if you are interested, we invite you to visit the COFOE website and give your opinion: you can make a difference too!
For more information you can read the EPRS Study “Transnational electoral lists: Ways to Europeanise elections to the European Parliament”, published on February 2021 by Maria Diaz Crego. | <urn:uuid:fefcdaa3-73f2-4908-8987-d2499f7b6748> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://garagerasmus.org/it/transnational-lists-how-to-build-eu-demos/ | 2024-04-19T13:05:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.965561 | 1,171 |
We humans have an innate desire to maintain order in our surroundings, often projecting our obsession onto the natural world. One common manifestation of this is the compulsion to remove fallen leaves from our gardens using an array of machinery and tools. However, it’s essential to remember that everything in nature has its place in the grand cycle.
In Autumn, Rake Fallen Leaves from the Lawn Only
Apart from the undeniable fact that devices like leaf blowers contribute significantly to noise pollution, their impact is even more far-reaching. These mechanical marvels disturb the microorganisms and tiny organisms that reside in the soil, propelling them into the air or, worse yet, vacuuming them up alongside the fallen leaves. Let’s shift our perspective and view our gardens as thriving ecosystems, abandoning the use of such devices.
Fallen leaves are an integral part of nature. They serve as mulch for our vegetable and flower beds, providing insulation against frost for the base of plants and a cozy refuge for hedgehogs. The only place where allowing fallen leaves to remain is not ideal is the lawn, where the grass beneath can become susceptible to fungal diseases and begin to deteriorate. In this specific case, rather than removing them, it’s best to gather the fallen leaves with a trusty rake and relocate them to a more suitable spot.
Of particular value are the leaves from fruit trees, which decompose readily. Leaves from cherry and apple trees, for instance, often transform into humus in just a single winter. The leaves of maple, linden and hazel trees are similarly soft and decompose rapidly.
Reasons to Let Fallen Leaves Be
- Nature’s Protective Blanket: Fallen leaves provide natural protection against frost and function as a natural mulch and cover for delicate plants.
- Haven for Wildlife: Piles of dry leaves become homes for small animals, insects, beetles, spiders and even hedgehogs.
- Nature’s Pantry: Birds find sustenance in the leaf litter as they forage for beetles, worms and caterpillars.
- Soil Superstars: Fallen leaves are a vital nutrient source for earthworms, which play a pivotal role in humus formation and maintaining soil health.
- Eco-Nutrient Cycle: Leaf litter is a crucial element in the closed nutrient cycle. Think of the forests where leaves fall in autumn, decompose and supply trees with essential nutrients.
By simply raking fallen leaves into neat piles, you’re benefiting your garden and all the organisms within, without any unnecessary toil. Furthermore, you’ll save money, as you’ll require less winter protection and fertilizer for your plants. | <urn:uuid:c2a37035-6039-44f2-b689-41de5226ea15> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://garden-guide.com/fallen-leaves-rake-your-lawn-leave-the-rest-to-nurture-your-gardens-natural-balance/ | 2024-04-19T11:18:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.929224 | 551 |
Art is Long, a one-act play that had a staged reading at Sidewalks Theater.
Art Is Long
(An art gallery with modern masters and contemporaries. A spring day. The general atmosphere will intimidate the insecure. Enter Tony and Evie Piscotta, who have recently inherited a large sum of money. Evie is introducing them to culture.)
Tony: You sure it’s all right to just walk in?
Evie: Of course, silly. It’s open to the public.
Tony: There’s nobody else here.
Evie: This is an exclusive gallery. They don’t get lots of people.
Tony: What if they don’t want us?
Evie: Anybody can come in.
Tony: Even a homeless guy off the street?
Evie: That’s not what I meant and you know it. Now don’t be difficult.
Tony: I don’t see why I had to come here. I don’t know shit from shingles about art. I feel uncomfortable in this kind of place.
Evie: There’s no need to be nervous. I know what I’m doing. This won’t take long and you promised to come with me. If we’re going to buy paintings for the new house, it could cost lots of money. I want you making all the decisions with me, so there’s no argument later.
Tony: How many times did I tell you there won’t be any argument.
Evie: That’s what you say now, but later it’ll be different, especially if you don’t like what I pick. Anything we buy we’ll pick together.
Tony: What if you like something and I don’t?
Evie: We’ll discuss it. I’m sure good taste will prevail.
Tony: Did we have to come to this place? There must be other galleries that aren’t as snooty.
Evie: This gallery has an excellent reputation and that’s very important, because a lot of the galleries aren’t honest.
Tony: What do you mean?
Evie: Some of them sell fake paintings.
Tony: So you sue them, or have them arrested.
Evie: Do you want to spend the next three years in court, while the lawyers get rich at our expense? Besides, what if you don’t know?
Tony: Know what?
Evie: That you bought a fake painting.
Tony: Can’t you tell if it’s fake?
Evie: Not always.
Tony: So you take it to an expert.
Evie: Sometimes they can’t tell.
Tony: So you go to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. They’ll tell you if it’s fake or not.
Evie: Even they don’t know sometimes.
Tony: I don’t believe this. You’re telling me that those longhairs at the Metropolitan Museum can’t tell the real thing from a phony?
Evie: That’s right.
Tony: Then who does?
Evie: There’s no one who always knows. But there’s one way to tell.
Evie: If the painting has the right papers.
Tony: You mean like a pedigreed dog?
Evie: That’s right. For a painting it’s called provenance.
Tony: Why can’t some sharp operators fake those?
Evie: They do. That’s why it’s so important to go to the right gallery, where they check all those things before they sell a painting.
Tony: How do they know, if nobody knows for sure?
Evie: That’s their business. They check back all the way to when it was first painted, and they get proof where it was before they got it.
Tony: You’re saying they trace it back to where it was till they got it?
Evie: That’s right.
Tony: How do you know somebody didn’t pull the old switcheroo, when it was supposed to be sitting in Lord Woodpecker’s castle?
Evie: That’s what they check.
Tony: But you just told me nobody could tell for sure if a painting was fake or not, right?
Tony: So if some guy painted a fake Michelangelo and snuck in to the castle and switched it for the real one, how can you tell?
Evie: It doesn’t happen that way.
Tony: Why not? If nobody knows the difference between the real stuff and the fake stuff, what stops them from selling fakes?
Evie: That’s why you go to a reputable gallery. Their business depends on being reliable. If people thought they couldn’t be trusted, no one would buy anything from them.
Tony: You’re telling me we should trust somebody we never met before to sell us a real painting, for a lot of money, and there’s no way we can be sure it’s real?
Evie: You’re twisting everything I’m saying. Now stop being difficult and lets look at paintings. That’s what we came here for.
Tony: I’m just trying to figure out how to protect our money.
Evie: We’ll talk about it later, if we want to buy anything. Look at this painting. It’s by Chagall. . . .
Tony: He must of been drunk when he made it.
Tony: The cow’s purple. Nobody paints a purple cow if they’re sober. And who ever saw a cow with wings, except in a fairy tale.
Evie: He paints what he sees with his artistic vision.
Tony: How much does this flying hamburger factory cost?
Evie: I don’t know exactly, but I’d guess around a hundred and fifty thousand.
Tony: A hundred and fifty thousand what? Meat patties?
Tony: Are you out of your mind?
Tony: Do you think anyone with his lid screwed on would spend that kind of money on a purple cow, that looks like it was painted by my six year old nephew?
Evie: I don’t expect you to understand everything about art right away, but I wish you’d refrain from those vulgar remarks. They show your ignorance.
Tony: I’m the same guy I was yesterday.
Evie: That’s what I’m afraid of.
Tony: What do you mean by that?
Evie: You know.
Tony: If I knew, why would I ask?
Evie: I know you’d like to make me uncomfortable, so I’ll leave the gallery.
Tony: I wouldn’t do that, honey.
Evie: You’ve already done it at the Ballet, the opera, the Honneger Concert. . . .
Tony: Was that the one where those guys were blowing whistles and banging on garbage cans? It sounded like cats fighting in the tin man’s underwear.
Evie: I didn’t think you’d understand atonal music, but you could at least try to appreciate the modern masters.
Tony: That squeaking? You gotta be kidding.
Evie: You promised to try new cultural experiences.
Tony: I thought you meant going to see “Phantom of the Opera” or “Cats.”
Evie: I told you that some of the events would be a little difficult to get used to. . .
Tony: That’s a laugh. The Russians could brainwash anybody with those tortures.
Evie: That’s not fair. I was doing it for us. . . So we could get more out of life. . . . and you turn it into something horrible, as if I wanted to punish you.
Tony: Aw, come on, hon.
Evie: I was trying to broaden your cultural horizons, so you’d be more confident when you meet new people. . . .
Tony: I didn’t mean to upset you. Take it easy. If this is what makes you happy, I’ll go wherever you like. Okay? …Now let’s look at some pictures.
Evie: I never said that I wanted to buy that Chagall. I just wanted to learn about it. I know another gallery where we can get some really nice pictures for a few hundred dollars each.
Tony: That sounds more like it.
Evie: We’ll go tomorrow and buy enough pictures for the whole house.
Tony: I always wanted some sports pictures, you know, like two football teams playing each other in the mud or snow. Everybody cold, wet, filthy….
Evie: I think we want something more elevated.
Tony: Why don’t we talk about it over dinner?
Evie: Alright, let’s go. I know this nouveau cuisine restaurant that you’ll just adore.
Tony: Uh, oh. That means a plate of grass for forty bucks.
Evie: Tony . . . .
Tony: Can’t we get a hamburger somewhere?
Evie: Definitely not. Now come along. (Exit) | <urn:uuid:bac6fbf3-f846-434c-9be8-155e41d1ce96> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://garycbeck.com/blog/2013/04/14/art-is-long/ | 2024-04-19T13:15:13Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.932961 | 2,059 |
Thank You for Considering GSI for Your Next Commercial Inspection or Home Inspection!
We serve the Metro Atlanta area with first-class home and commercial inspections. Our inspections reveal the true condition of your property so you can make an educated decision about your purchase.
My goal is to accurately and objectively help you understand the true condition of your investment.
GSI holds many certifications in the industry and is a BBB accredited business. | <urn:uuid:d35fde55-e219-434b-8e59-00d03bf0bdbf> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://gastateinspections.com/ | 2024-04-19T12:15:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.953907 | 87 |
Asbestos exposure causes considerable health concerns, including the development of serious diseases such as lung cancer and mesothelioma. Individuals who have been injured by asbestos can seek help through Asbestos Trust Funds. Furthermore, California asbestos exposure attorneys are critical in supporting victims in their quest for justice and recompense. Furthermore, in order to obtain the required compensation amount, it is critical to comprehend Asbestos Injury and the Role of Asbestos Trust Funds. Asbestos damage, on the other hand, refers to the adverse effects of asbestos fiber exposure. When breathed or swallowed, these minute fibers can a mass in the body and cause serious health problems. Recognizing the dangers of asbestos, a number of firms that made or utilized asbestos products created California Asbestos Trust Funds. These trust funds are meant to compensate those who have developed asbestos-related ailments. Asbestos attorneys are experts at navigating the complicated legal process involved in gaining access to these trust funds. They help impacted people file claims, gather evidence, and ensure their rights are respected throughout the process.
What’s the compensation for asbestos exposure suggested in the California asbestos litigation?
California asbestos lawsuit acknowledges the seriousness of asbestos exposure and offers options for victims to seek restitution. In these circumstances, asbestos workers’ compensation is paid depending on considerations such as the severity of the sickness, the extent of exposure, and the impact on the victim’s quality of life. Claimants who are successful in their claims may be awarded financial compensation to cover medical bills, lost earnings, pain and suffering, and other damages connected to asbestos-associated illnesses.
How asbestos attorney California assist you in defending claim cases for lung cancer and mesothelioma
If anybody from your personal or social circle is being identified as having lung cancer or mesothelioma as an outcome of asbestos exposure, it is critical that you seek the advice of an expert asbestos lawyer in California. These experts are well-versed in asbestos-related laws and regulations and may offer important advice throughout the litigation process. They may assist in gathering the evidence required to show a relationship between asbestos exposure and the diagnosed illness, assuring a strong case. An asbestos attorney will work hard to achieve reasonable compensation for medical bills, lost pay, mental anguish, and other losses caused by arguing for your rights. Their experience negotiating settlements or representing clients in court can make or break the result of your lawsuit.
Asbestos exposure is a major problem that can cause life-threatening diseases and, in extreme cases, death. In such circumstances, California asbestos exposure lawyers play an important role in aiding victims by providing legal counsel and fighting for their rights. These attorneys help people get the recompense they deserve by utilizing their skills. For a similar concern, or getting the claim amount if you are looking if you are looking for someone who can argue for your legal rights in the courtroom then call today to consult with experienced asbestos lawyers and Workers’ Compensation Attorney Long Beach near you and take the first step towards securing the justice and compensation you need. Contact us at (562) 561-2669 for a free case evaluation. | <urn:uuid:1aedd54b-b400-44a2-b0f2-97a0f9c46b2d> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://gaylordnantais.com/2023/07/24/how-can-i-get-an-asbestos-lawsuit-assessment-from-asbestos-exposure-lawyers/ | 2024-04-19T11:45:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.940027 | 626 |
Mr Gay World 2018 Jordan Bruno has released the first video in a brand new web-series tackling issues within the LGBTI community.
In the opening video, Jordan tackles ‘Bottom Shaming’, a topic that hits at the heart of discrimination in the gay community both online and in the clubs.
“Its an uncomfortable topic, essentially bottom shaming is someone makes fun of and looks down on people who prefer to bottom in bed rather than top,” explains Jordan at the start of his video.
The current Mr Gay World and Mr Gay Pride Australia 2018 goes in search of the reasons to why people are shamed for being a bottom.
“The thing I don’t get is bottoming requires a lot of work and can be painful,” said Jordan.
“You’re also being extremely vulnerable and opening yourself up to someone literally and metaphorically.
“Shouldn’t we admire and reward these traits instead of putting them down, why do we do the opposite.”
Produced by Story One as part of Jordan Bruno’s year as Mr Gay World, Jordan also asks Psychologist Stephen Sharratt why do people bottom shame.
He also goes to the clubs and asks both bottoms and tops their thoughts on why bottom shaming is an issue.
Check out the first in the webseries below on your gay nation.
Last Updated on Oct 15, 2018 | <urn:uuid:352e1a73-0dff-464e-a751-ca25c716d59a> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://gaynation.co/bottom-shaming-mr-gay-world-jordan-bruno-asks-why/ | 2024-04-19T11:44:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.959322 | 295 |
0355L-FRIDAY OUTLOOK & INFO FROM GARFIELD COUNTY EMERGENCY MGMT-4/17/2020
1-The BATTLE OF THE SEASONS continue. It will be windy and chilly today since a cold front pushed in and we can expect another front Saturday. We’ll warm up some on Sunday then next week could be interesting. We’ll see how all that mess develops. This said, here is your countywide forecast from the NWS/NORMAN;
Today-Decreasing clouds. Cooler. Highs in the mid-50s. North winds 10 to 20 mph.
Tonight-Mostly clear. Lows in the lower 30s. Northeast winds around 10 mph in the evening becoming light and variable.
This is directed at those who are wearing gloves, especially those in drive through venues. Any MEDICAL people please correct me if my statements here are wrong or partially wrong. I drive up to a venue to order a meal. I pull forward to pay. I use cash and notice that person I pay is wearing gloves. They have handled money from many folks and now I pay them and they return my change with bills and coin. They have contaminated me with other germs from previous customers. Wearing gloves or not, cross contamination can’t be helped here or can it? Any ideas? I have hand sanitizer in my response vehicle and always have and I use it all of the time. This still doesn’t solve this issue. Even using a debit or credit card is the same thing with most of these venues. They take your card, swipe it and hand it back. There are a few venues with that card machine just under a window but they don’t work most of the time. Is this fixable?
Give me your ideas and suggestions because we will be working on MITIGATION issues that will now include all industries that serve the people. How can we best mitigate this and this actually could relate to all businesses. LET ME KNOW!!
HAVE A SUPER DAY!! | <urn:uuid:3ef631ed-7774-4e9c-83b4-34038146165d> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://gcem.org/friday-april-17-2020/ | 2024-04-19T12:54:29Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.960838 | 427 |
The students of post-graduate departments of P.G. Govt. College for Girls, Sector-11, Chandigarh bade a colourful and emotional farewell to the outgoing PG students on 25-4-2019. The college has post-graduation in English, Economics, Dance, Music Vocal, Music Instrumental, Sociology, Public Administration, Psychology, Fine Arts, Commerce, Information Technology, Chemistry, Botany and Zoology. Principal, Prof. Anita Kaushal was the chief guest. Dean Mr.Kanwar Iqbal and Vice-Principal Dr. Anita Khosla also graced the occasion.
Students from science, commerce and humanities streams participated with great zeal and enthusiasm. First year PG students presented an enthralling medley of song and dance performances which were enjoyed by one and all. The music and dance performances ranged from Punjabi to folk, and Bollywood to western style. The students of the outgoing PG classes shared their sweet memories and narrated their experiences with a nostalgic and poetic touch. The graceful ramp walk in elegant attires was a treat to the eyes of audience. | <urn:uuid:88537587-470f-43b5-87f5-fd97b6e5e4d4> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://gcg11.ac.in/news/farewell/ | 2024-04-19T13:19:26Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.941237 | 230 |
Street Fighter 2 ReAction Figures Regular Edition - ZANGIEF
- Pre Order Price: 820
- Regular Price: 900
- Deposit: 200 (T&C Applies)
- Pre Order Deadline: April 12 or until slots are full
- Estimated Item Arrival: May 2019
Super7's Street Fighter 2 Retro Action Figures are here! The classic arcade fighting game comes to life with these authentically detailed, 3.75" action figures.
Each Street Fighter 2 characters features five points of articulation to recreate the excitement of your favorite fights!
Packaged on traditional blister card featuring all-new artwork by the legendary Ed Repka.
Attention! This is a Pre Order item. This will not be ready for shipping until the item arrives at our warehouse. "Estimated Item Arrival" is an estimate and not guaranteed.
Price of the item is based on current exchange rates and offer from the manufacturer at time of posting. Price may change without prior notice due to change in manufacturer price or severe fluctuation in exchange rates.
The amount you are paying is for the reservation of this item. You will be billed again for your remaining balance once the item arrives.
- No cancellation of Pre orders after the Pre Order Deadline.
- Deposit is non refundable.
- Pre-ordered items must be claimed within 7 days upon item arrival.
- The deposit for the unclaimed item will be forfeited after 7 days upon item arrival and the pre-order reservation will be deemed as void.
*5% surcharge applies for PayPal payments | <urn:uuid:3d4674f3-0972-41af-abff-c750752e1663> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://geekloveph.com/products/street-fighter-2-reaction-figures-regular-edition-zangief | 2024-04-19T12:32:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.895938 | 321 |
Are you launching a tech startup or a small business? Running a large or small business takes knowledge, and being knowledgeable lies in continually learning and understanding what’s relevant.
Startups and small businesses face a lot of challenges and how to overcome these problems constitutes fundamental business skills. Starting your venture with a solid foundation allows your company to grow steadily and reach critical milestones.
Hiring an entrepreneur coach can help you gain the skills needed to succeed and progress your business. You will discover the accountability, resources, and momentum required to maintain forward momentum.
Here are some reasons why you should hire an entrepreneur coach.
Gain a Fresh Perspective
An entrepreneur coach can provide you with a fresh perspective on your business. They can help you see your business differently and offer new insights and ideas.
An entrepreneur coach can help you stay accountable to your goals and help you make progress in your tech business. Having someone to keep you accountable can make a big difference in whether or not you achieve success.
An entrepreneur coach can help you save time by providing guidance and helping you avoid common mistakes. They can also help you make the most of your time by helping you prioritize and focus on the tasks that will move the needle.
Grow Your Business
An entrepreneur coach will help you grow your tech business by teaching you best practices and providing insights on scaling your business. They will also help you build a strong foundation for your business to thrive in the long term.
Hone Your Skills
An entrepreneur coach can help you hone your business skills and acumen. They can also provide you with valuable insights and feedback that you may not be able to get from others.
In addition, an entrepreneur coach can help you create and implement a growth strategy for your business.
Clarify Your Business Idea
For any tech business, it is important to have a clear idea of what the business is and what services it will provide. This cannot be easy to do on your own, and an entrepreneur coach can help.
They will help you to clarify your business idea and make sure that it is something that is feasible and will be successful. They will also help you determine your target market and how to reach them.
Develop a Business Plan and Marketing Strategy
An entrepreneur coach can help you develop these necessary components for your business. They will help you identify your target market, determine your unique selling proposition, and create a marketing strategy to reach your target market.
Provide Emotional Support and Advice
An entrepreneur coach can provide your tech business emotional support and advice. They can help you navigate through challenging times and provide the tools and resources you need to succeed.
A business mentor can also help you identify your strengths and weaknesses and develop a plan to improve your business. It is important to have someone in your corner who believes in you and your business and can offer you impartial advice.
Develop and Implement a Growth Strategy
An entrepreneur coach can help you develop and implement a growth strategy for your tech business. They can help you identify your target market, establish a marketing plan, and set realistic goals.
An entrepreneur coach can also provide guidance and advice on financial planning, business operations, and management. Having an entrepreneur coach can help you maximize your chances for success and take your tech startup to the next level.
Identify and Overcome Barriers to Growth
An entrepreneur coach can help a tech business identify and overcome barriers to growth. They can help you assess your business and develop a plan to overcome these barriers.
An entrepreneur coach can also provide guidance and support as you implement your plan. They can help troubleshoot problems and keep you motivated to grow your business.
Provide you With Invaluable Advice and Guidance
An entrepreneur coach can help you focus on the areas of your business that need attention and create a plan to overcome any obstacles you may face. They can also provide you with the motivation and accountability you need to stay on track.
If you’re interested in connecting with a coach, look for a reputable source. An excellent place to start is https://peakseotraining.com/seo-ppc-training-and-coaching/.
Attract and Retain Top Talent
A good coach will help create a culture of innovation and creativity, attracting the best and brightest employees. They will also help you develop the policies and procedures necessary to keep those employees happy and engaged.
Expand Into New Markets
An entrepreneur coach can help you expand into new markets by providing advice and guidance on entering new markets. They can also provide support in helping you develop new business strategies and plans.
In addition, an entrepreneur coach can offer you resources and connections to help you succeed in new markets.
Help you Raise Capital
An experienced entrepreneur coach can help you do just that. They can help you create a pitch deck that will get the attention of investors, and they can help you hone your presentation skills.
They can also help you connect with the right people, whether it’s potential customers or investors. In short, an entrepreneur coach can be a valuable asset in helping you grow your tech business.
Getting the Right Entrepreneur Coach Matters
If you’re running a tech business, it’s worth considering hiring an entrepreneur coach. They can help you focus on your goals, manage your time, and keep you accountable.
They can also provide valuable insights and advice. But ultimately, it’s up to you to decide if hiring an entrepreneur coach is right for your business.
Did you find this article helpful? Check out the rest of our blog for more! | <urn:uuid:6e0ce963-2fb3-4f4f-a276-ed9b67895bc8> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://geeksaroundworld.com/the-benefits-of-hiring-an-entrepreneur-coach-for-a-tech-business/ | 2024-04-19T11:56:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.9496 | 1,138 |
Embrace the night and conquer the darkness with our comprehensive collection of flashlights & torches for camping. Whether you're a seasoned adventurer or a casual explorer, we offer a diverse selection of lighting solutions to equip you for any outdoor journey.
Experience Unmatched Brightness:
Powerful Lumens: From compact flashlights to multi-beam torches, our collection boasts a range of lumen options, ensuring you have the perfect level of light for any situation.
Long-lasting Performance: Explore flashlights and torches with extended battery life, allowing you to navigate through the night with confidence. Many feature rechargeable options for added convenience and enviromental responsibility.
Durbale Construction: Built to withstand the elements, our flashlights and torches are crafted from high-quality materials, making them reliable companions for all your outdoor adventures.
Features For Every Need:
Waterproof Designs: Conquer any weather condition with our selection of water-resistant and dustproof flashlights and torches, ensuring optimal performance regardless of the enviroment.
Versatile Beam Types: Choose from various beam patterns like spot, flood, or combination beams, allowing you to adjust the light output to specific tasks like navigating trails, setting up camp, or signaling for help.
Additional Features: Explore options with unique features like strobe modes, dimming capabilities, and even headlamps for hands-free illumination, maximizing your comfort and safety. | <urn:uuid:55b44073-33cb-4326-b07d-67afc6e58255> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://geepas.co.uk/collections/flashlights-and-torches-for-camping | 2024-04-19T12:12:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.857124 | 287 |
Reviewing the Income Shift Pro will begin now.
Is Income Shift Pro the best affiliate marketing course available? We’ll find out in this review!
When it comes to starting an online business, many people wonder whether the affiliate marketing business is the best route to go.
Finally, I’ll address some of the most common general inquiries about Income Shift Pro and Affiliate Marketing.
But, before we get too far…
In this Income Shift Pro review, we’ll dive into the pros and cons of the program.
But before that, let’s ask ourselves: Is affiliate marketing even a worthwhile business model?
On the one hand, the promise is great…
You don’t have to create products, worry about fulfillment, customer service, or bad reviews.
Your only job is to get the right customers in front of the right offer, and take a commission when they buy.
And – theoretically – you can do it all in an hour a day from the beach.
Sounds simple, right?
Well, not really. Driving traffic (that’s internet speak for getting customers) is single-handedly the hardest part of the entire marketing process.
Later in this review, we’ll talk about all the different skills you need to drive traffic successfully.
For now, let’s just say the promise doesn’t really match up with reality.
At best, affiliate marketing is a job. You’re working for someone else, selling their products, and at any time, they can change your commission structure or block you from selling their stuff entirely.
In this business, you don’t really own or control anything. Since – for the most part – you’re driving traffic (again, the hardest job of all) and sending it to someone else, you don’t even get to keep the customers, who are the most valuable piece of the puzzle.
At worst, affiliate marketing is a pyramid scheme. There are certain – ahem – programs that charge you a monthly “membership fee”, under the guise that you will learn how to be a “wealthy affiliate marketer”.
Once you join, however, you find out the only way to really make money is by being an affiliate for that program.
That’s pretty much the textbook definition of a pyramid scheme.
Now, let’s say you really want that hour-a-day-work-from-the-beach lifestyle.
What if there was a way you could build a passive income stream that’s actually passive?
An income stream that doesn’t require:
- Thousands of dollars and hundreds of hours before seeing your first dollar
- Doing all the hard work of driving traffic to only get a tiny commission
- Running your business on someone else’s terms
An income stream that brings in consistent revenues every single month (from a couple thousand dollars to well over $10,000)?
An income stream you could actually build in your spare time, and grow as large or as small as you want to, without having to spend hours a day testing, tweaking, and risking your money in the hope you can finally start making sales?
If that sounds like something you’d be interested in, check out Digital Leasing.
This is like taking all the good parts from affiliate marketing (however few there are), and putting aside all the bad.
However, if you’d still like to know more about Income Shift Pro, keep reading.
Income Shift Pro Review: Is Income Shift Pro A Scam Or Legit?
What Is Income Shift Pro?
Using Income Shift Pro, a multilevel marketing company and business opportunity called MyEcon Club, you can better manage and attract new members to MyEcon Club.
Email advertising messages, the ability, and pre-made templates are all included in My Income Shift Pro to help you generate more leads and better manage your leads.
The whole purpose of My Income Shift is to make promoting the MLM companies opportunity significantly easier.
If you’re getting plenty of leads for your business, you can set up follow-up emails so you can stay in touch with them.
What Would You Get From Income Shift Pro?
This is what you will find in the main section of the club membership area:
*The most beneficial aspects of Income Shift Pro
- Marketing education videos
- *Ready-made landing page and capture page templates and login page
- *Email Autoresponder (a method that captures email addresses and directs messages to them automatically)
- *Pre-written email sequences that will instantly head out to your leads
- Leads management system
- SMS Autoresponder
- SMS Blaster (doesn’t appear to be working yet…)
- Plan Tracking
You will receive permission to access the following free training too :
- Craigslist training
- Free site traffic rotator
- A chance to access the support team that has more than 1.5K members
If you’re new to the internet marketing system, much of it is Greek to you!
If you’re considering joining myEcon and Income Shift Pro, you should watch some YouTube and some Facebook videos. There is also a private Facebook community group.
Let’s continue with the income shift pro review.
How Much Does Income Shift Pro Cost?
My Income Shift Pro is affordable in and of itself, with a monthly charge of $25.
To use this, you must join the MyEcon club, which costs the following:
- $47.90 Set-up fee
- $34.95 monthly fee
Total cost: $107.85 at first, plus any additional MyEcom club charges you may pay, including the purchase of the item.
My Income Shift Pro Compensation Plan?
There is no formal compensation scheme for My Income Shift Pro. It is in no manner a commercial opportunity.
What’s Included With Income Shift Pro?
Membership in the Income Shift Pro Club entitles you to the following programs and information. Everything is designed to help you advertise MyEcon Club – Income Shift pro. If you were wondering, it could not be bought and utilized with any other MLM company scheme.
- Digital Marketing Video Teaching the primary techniques
- A Done For yourself System Including other templates and a capture page for creating your own.
- Autoresponder email software program to record email addresses is integrated with landing pages. Your prewritten follow-up sequence of messages designed and “done for you” and shall be sent quickly to your subscribers.
- SMS autoresponder
- An entire program for dealing with your leads.
- Plan tracking
- SMS Blaster To blast out text messages.
Income Shift Pro does look like a “done for you” direct management and generation sales process for MyEcom – which I’ve pointed out previously in this specific review.
MyEcom has items that may be hard to market on account of targeting people on a tight budget with overpriced financial management items which are of poor quality and also offered free of charge.
This is precisely why the emphasis of Income Shift Pro is on recruitment without actual sales management (sales funnel). As a result, the merchandise is hard to offer, and people are being “forced” into recruiting to recuperate losses and make money.
In my perspective, this turns MyEcon into a pyramid scam.
Although Income Shift Pro seems a terrific product that can help you grow your network marketing company…
There is a major shortage of quality training.
Unfortunately, the “done for you” landing pages and follow-up email sequences provided by Income shift pro do not provide you with such training.
Despite some excellent training videos, you’re not going to master the crucial skills with “Done For You” Systems.
There’s no teaching or training you how to construct your own personal higher converting landing pages or even how to compose and develop a good follow-up series.
This is why I am certain that the “done for you,” “business in a box,” and “turn-key” processes do not work in the long run and are only beneficial to the vendor of such things.
After the industry has been saturated and their current product/program has proven useless, a few names and adjustments are made, and the newest “must-have” software/DFY gadget is produced.
Is Income Shift Pro Accredited By The BBB?
One thing I always do is check how the Better Business Bureau rates a company. This allows us to learn how a corporation does business in a legal and specialized manner.
My Income Shift Pro isn’t mentioned in the Better Business Bureau repository. However, MyEcom Club does up in the BBB.
Is Income Shift Pro A Scam?
So, is Income Shift Pro a scam? Not technically. You can make money with this program, but making money with affiliate marketing definitely isn’t as easy as the company makes it sound.
Driving traffic is extremely difficult. In order to do it successfully, you need to at least understand all these things, if not be a ninja at them:
- Google Ads
- Facebook Ads
- Content Writing
- Website Building
- Conversion Optimization
- Email Marketing
- Click Tracking
And a lot more.
There’s a ton of work to be done upfront, no real guarantee of success, and – most importantly – the actual commissions are pretty small.
Now, there’s nothing wrong with front-loading the work and making the money later.
But if you’re grinding it out for 3 months and then your reward is a $50 commission, it’s not really worth it.
What if, instead, you could do that same 3 months of work (in your spare time), and your reward was a $500 to $2,000 payment that came in every single month?
And what if you only needed 1 or 2 of the above skills to get started, instead of mastering all 12 before seeing your first dollar?
And what if you actually didn’t need to wait 3 months? What if you could get started today and have your first payment in a week?
And what if you could double it next week?
Well, that’s the power of Digital Leasing.
Your laptop and an internet connection is all you need.
Some of the most successful students in this program run their entire 6-figure businesses from:
- A camper in the middle of the woods
- A beach chair on the water in Mexico
- A small villa in Greece
They’re able to travel around, living their lives first, and focusing on their income second.
Because even if they stop working for an extended period of time, the money keeps coming in.
So adventure, memories, and experience are the top priority.
And they never have to worry about how to pay for the next trip, or consider asking for time off.
If this sounds more like the type of life you want to lead, just click here to find out more about Digital Leasing.
Are There Alternatives To Income Shift Pro?
Yes, there are plenty of Affiliate Marketing programs and resources to choose from if you want to pursue this business model. Here are just a few:
- CB Engine
- Simple Wifi Profits
- Wealthy Affiliate
- High Ticket Affiliate Programs
- Global Affiliate Zone
What Is My Top Recommendation In Making Money Online In 2024?
Our review team has spent months researching, reviewing, and vetting dozens of business models and thousands of programs.
While there may be no “perfect business”, the research IS conclusive:
Whether you’ve never made a dollar online, or you’ve been in this space for a while but never really “made it,” Digital Leasing is for you.
1) It’s Flexible: got an hour a day? You can do this. Ready to drop everything else and dive in full time? You can do this. Yes, the more time you put in, the faster you see results. But even with a little time each day, you can move the needle in a Digital Leasing business.
And because this system is so flexible, you don’t have to constantly be working to make more money. It’s called PASSIVE INCOME because if you stop working, the money doesn’t.
Imagine taking 3 months off to just tour around Europe, rent a cabin in the woods to write a book, hike the Appalachian Trail, or live on the beach and surf all day.
This is only possible if you have an income stream that’s not tied to your time.
2) You Own & Control EVERYTHING: With Affiliate Marketing, you don’t really own anything. You have no control over the quality of products. You don’t even own customers.
Look at the fine print for most affiliate agreements. At any point, the company can change your commission structure, reduce your profit margins, or kick you out entirely.
With Digital Leasing, you own the assets, which means you have all the power and all the control.
3) Little To No Startup Costs: It’s possible to get into Digital Leasing with zero dollars upfront. Because, using the strategies outlined in this program, you can get a client to pay you BEFORE spending a penny out of your own pocket…even before you do any work.
Even without getting paid in advance, you can have your first Digital Rental Property up, running, and generating profits for less than $100.
4) Easy To Duplicate: Ok, here’s the best part: once you have your first Digital Rental Property up and running, you can literally DOUBLE your income with a few clicks, a couple keystrokes, and a single phone call (and you don’t actually need the phone call).
Remember: each Digital Rental Property is worth $500 to $2,000 a month in semi-passive income (over 95% profit). Every time you decide to create another one and increase your income, it gets easier.
Because you have more knowledge, more experience, more results, and more momentum.
If you wanted to double your income with affiliate marketing, you’d have to double your traffic, double the average order size of each customer, OR double your commission rate. And, guaranteed that’s a lot harder than a few clicks and a few minutes of your life.
5) Make Money Helping Real People: This part is what makes it all worth it. With affiliate marketing, you’re selling the product with the best commission rate, NOT the one that’s going to improve the most people’s lives.
And that makes it pretty hard to sleep at night.
But with Digital Leasing, you’re actually helping people by solving your clients’ biggest problem:
Small, local businesses need more customers, and with Digital Leasing, you are unleashing a flood of happy, paying customers for these businesses.
You make money by helping them make money.
Not a big, faceless corporation either…a small business owner who’s using that money to put food on the table for their family, start a college fund for their kids, or take care of a sick parent.
Once you see how Digital Leasing makes a real impact in the lives of real people, you’ll sleep like a baby with a big smile on your face.
Now, the choice is yours. You could continue browsing, looking at opportunities like Income Shift Pro which could one day make you money.
You could continue researching, never making a decision.
OR, you could take a look inside, consider what you really want, and join a program that makes your dreams a reality. At the same time, joining a community of over 2,000 successful students that are living life on their own terms thanks to Digital Leasing.
A consistent, reliable, semi-passive stream of income that doesn’t depend on you or your time to keep producing profits.
All while genuinely helping real people who are grateful and happy to pay for it.
If this sounds more like what you want out of life (or if you just want some nice side income), click here to learn more about Digital Leasing. | <urn:uuid:d034335e-5b51-4780-b9a0-a87121bb93a6> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://ggmoneyonline.com/income-shift-pro/ | 2024-04-19T12:07:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.937912 | 3,473 |
304 North Cardinal St.
Dorchester Center, MA 02124
Although he has released three songs already, ‘Paradise’ which was released Monday, March 27/ 2023 is the first track released since he was Joined by Stunnas Multimedia.
The West African Musician who has a great taste for delivering the utmost value has inspired the music industry with his sounds.
The lifestyle influencer, husband, Father, Musician, Content Creator, Spiritualist and the Son of the Sun! is here again with a Super banger to inspire the public.
He said his wife inspired the song with her confident and courageous self.
Morganah said he also wrote the song to appreciate his wife for accepting his flaws and loving him unconditionally.
“What inspired the song , it’s my wife’s birthday so I thought what kind I do this this special birthday that can resonate with her even after I die,”he said.
He continued that,”After seeing all the price she’s paid in accepting me for all my imperfections and sacrifices herself to be the mother of my kids, so above all I just thought her courage and confidence alone inspired me enough to write and dedicate this song to honor her and tell the world how much she makes me feel every single day.”
Paradise can be found on all music platforms.
I’m on Instagram as iammorganah. Install the app to follow my photos and videos. https://www.instagram.com/invites/contact/?i=orharcxa4tte&utm_content=3k59yk3
Facebook: @Morganah Music
Ghana| Atinkaonline.com| Porcia Oforiwaa Oforiwaa | <urn:uuid:e9d0a99c-cbbd-4fd8-aabe-ca165a2d0b79> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://ghanastarmusic.net/stunnas-multimedia-new-artist-morganah-has-released-his-first-single-paradise/ | 2024-04-19T12:18:08Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.951819 | 372 |
There are two layers of gesso on each of the four pieces I stretched yesterday, and I’ve been looking at these tall canvases considering how to use them, and I keep coming back to an image of white figures emerging from whiteness, the polar opposite of what I have painted in the dark. Perhaps these are the balance to the darkness of the past work. I can’t help thinking that these images are connected to spiritual reawakening and revitalization. Angels are the messengers of God, traveling between the material world and the divine world with ease, the workers of the divine will.Â
I want to make an exhibit of these white paintings that are displayed opposite their counterpart black paintings, in which the angels emerge and disappear into darkness.Â
I’m not abandoning the cards project, by any means, because I think the angels will be fairly fast projects to complete. I have to find my models for them first, which should be fairly easy here at the university. I’m looking forward to getting started. | <urn:uuid:bef7ab0a-b7de-4b41-a356-b4ca1e60efa0> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://gildedraven.com/angels/ | 2024-04-19T11:16:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.958942 | 215 |
We have exciting news coming your way. Follow our social and stay tuned!!
Bikes - Kids
The Grunge 12" is the bike where your little one learns to pedal. With 12" wheels and a very easy gear to pedal with, your little pedaller will be having a blast on this snazzy looking bike.• Improved Geometry bikes with the LegitFit system feature geometry adjustments to improve ergonomics for youth statures. The result: Increased stability, comfort, and confidence for a wider range of riders.
• Easier Pedalling bikes with the LegitFit system have their pedal positions moved slightly forward. The result: Makes it easier to pedal.
• Better Positioning bikes with the LegitFit system have narrower crank and pedal positions that match the width of a child’s hips. The result: A stronger, more natural pedal stroke. | <urn:uuid:6a6ca28a-5402-4df8-b59e-bf7e90027c5e> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://gippycycles.com.au/collections/bikes-kids/products/gt-grunge | 2024-04-19T11:47:29Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.888291 | 181 |
There are so many words that you can use to describe a city like Florence. The only problem is asking yourself, where to start.
It’s been done before sure by people far more eloquent than me, written in books, plays and Instagram captions. Our small Renaissance enclave is known and loved by so many and its always very interesting to get their take on a place we call home.
For me Florence has always been a place of contemplation. Of intense joy and equally as intense aggravation. Centuries of stories are cloaked within the beige stone of its ancient palazzi but what interests me more is what is happening today. What of this evolution of Florence and its people? What keeps them here and keeps beckoning others to arrive? It’s easy to be nostalgic about the good old days but all we have is here, and now. That’s what calls me to this city, being part of the tomorrow. I have been wanting to include this compilation for some time but instead of only including historic citations from the past, I wanted to include the words from people who live here now as well.
Enjoy this love letter (or pissed off lover’s note) from a wide range of figures throughout history, writers and people who live, breathe and adore Florence today.
“For me, Florence is a patient yet austere teacher. She is sometimes responsible for dealing the most brutal of tests to your earnest of aspirations, knocking you down ruthlessly to remind you of humility until you’ve registered it but is there to comfort you in your most human of moments, whether that’s a glimpse of the Duomo from a tiny adorned street, a sunset you thought could only exist in watercolor masterpieces and the melodic chatter of Florentine amongst a mind boggling meal”
Coral Sisk, freelance writer, owner of Curious Appetite Blog & Curated Food Tours, 2019.
“Per me Firenze è casa. Nonostante sia nata e cresciuta qui, Firenze sa sorprendermi, farmi innamorare, stupirmi e ogni tanto pure arrabbiare. Essendo una città turistica non è sempre semplice vivere la vita e gli impegni di tutti i giorni convivendo con l’euforia dei tanti turisti. Però basta passeggiare tra le sue vie la mattina all’alba o nel cuore della notte per sentirla propria, per sentirsi fortunati a vivere una città di una bellezza che ti toglie il fiato, che sa regalarti ispirazione e bellezza. Firenze è quella città che mi manca sempre quando sono lontana.”
Laura Masi, @Ruberry on Instagram and Florentine Travel Blogger
“And when I thought of Florence, it was like a miracle city embalmed and like a corolla, because it was called the city of lilies and its cathedral, St. Mary of the Flowers.”
Marcel Proust, author, Swann’s Way.
“She is a jewel box of a city — packed with treasures, each more beautiful than the last. She is strong and proud. To be able to walk the same streets that some of the world’s most incredible artists and thinkers once walked never ceases to amaze me. But the thing that makes Florence incredible is that it doesn’t rest on its past greatness, it continues to inspire new thinkers and artists. It is a hub for dreamers and doers, for creatives and connoisseurs.”
Tracy Russo, Political Consultant and Photographer, 2019.
“Florence is growing up. Not that the city has ever been young and insecure in modern times, if anything the Tuscan capital was too self-assured and reliant on its Renaissance roots over a decade when I first set foot here. There’s a fervency of contemporary culture that’s astonishing for a place with a population of less than half a million, something that recently led to Florence being rated as top for its creativity and cultural vibrancy by the European Commission. Florence is growing up, and there are growing pains as graffiti, drug crimes and vandalism are on the rise, issues that the city administration strives to address through vigilance with more police on the streets, improved lighting and CCTV cameras. The balance remains positive nonetheless, and I still remain Florence’s devoted servant.”
Helen Farrell, Editor of The Florentine, 2019.
“Florence est pour moi la ville à laquelle je peux tout pardonner. Bien sûr, la ville est magnifique, possède une renommée mondiale, et a réussi à se transformer de manière positive tout en essayant d’accueillir du mieux qu’elle le peut les hordes de touristes qui viennent l’admirer. Mais cela ne me suffirait pas s’il n’y avait que cet aspect-là. En effet, cette ville est dotée d’une énergie qui exacerbe les sentiments : un jour elle peut nous rendre dingue; un autre, on réalise à quel point on est chanceux d’y habiter et l’on est fier d’en parler dès qu’on s’en éloigne. J’y vis depuis plus de 10 ans maintenant et je ne me lasse toujours pas de son charme qui séduit, agace et fascine tout à la fois. Je crois que c’est pour cela que je m’y sens à l’aise, car finalement est incarne une ville tout simplement humaine.”
Nicolas Pradier, Biomedical Engineer, Husband Extraordinaire
“Rejoice, Florence, seeing you are so great that over sea and land you flap your wings, and your name is widely known in Hell!”
“Florence is beautiful, but I resent when it gets painted as being perfect, because really, how boring. Lately, I have been feeling that what keeps me in Florence is depth. Depth of its history, sure, but also the kind of depth its lifestyle, size, daily frustrations, and strange-but-wonderful population all facilitate: depth of feeling—whatever the feeling may be; depth of relationships; depth of time people are inclined to make for each other; depth of knowledge that people have in their given area of expertise, or the depth of information and commentary they’re willing to share even if they are HARDLY an expert; depth of the Spritz glasses that cost 6ish euro instead of 14. And the depth of your capacity for resilience when you get tested by this city, which you often will. Plus, breadth: breadth of people you can meet and types of interactions you can have; breadth of life experience and learning opportunities offered in what is really a small place, all things considered; and breadth of possibilities, even when not readily apparent. I have trouble with surface level anything, and while Florence and its people certainly know a thing or two about external beauty and superficial sheen, if that were the only way to extract meaning and inspiration from this place, I’d have gotten my fill long ago. Yesterday I was reminded of Florence and the begrudgingly celebratory attitude I often have toward it when I heard Joni Mitchell sing “let’s have another round for the bright red devil who keeps me in this tourist town.”
Mary Grey, Freelance Writer & Journalist, 2019.
“Everything about Florence seems to be colored with a mild violet, like diluted wine.”
Henry James, writer (1869)
“La mia città somiglia ad una anziana signora che profuma di rose e violetta. Passeggia lungo le vie che costeggiano il fiume avvolta nel suo elegante cappotto: sguardo fiero, nobile portamento, appare austera ma chi la conosce sa bene che è di animo semplice e genuino. Firenze porta i suoi anni con disinvoltura perché quando il sole le spende in fronte sorride sguaiata come fosse ancora una bambina.”
Irene Berni, @Valdirose B&B owner, Author, 2019.
“I do not believe Florence’s mission is in the past. Being a center of the Renaissance five hundred years ago is of little use, unless we truly respond to it. If I had one wish for Florence, it would be for the Florentines to come to terms with what they have. Many have not gone to the Uffizi since a field trip in grade school. Many have never stopped for a coffee in the shade of the palazzo Vecchio. These are not ‘tourist spots’. The city’s museums and piazzas are living entities and its loveliest places should be the center of ‘real life’ for everyone. The Florentines will only become ‘true locals’ when they see their city, not as a product or a brand, but as a living entity whose art continues to inspire, decay and seek new dignity.”
Linda Falcone, Director of Advancing Women Artists Foundation, Author, 2019
“Like every love affair, Florence and I tumble into each other and we feel one another deeply, then I am infuriated by all the ways it could be wondrous and isn’t, then I am hit by a light, a scorcio, a discovery, a look up to see something magical under an eave and I surrender again. May the wonderment be eternal!”
Betty Soldi, Illustrator, purveyor of dreams, designer and creator, 2019.
“Among the four old bridges that span the river, the Ponte Vecchio, that bridge which is covered with the shops of Jewellers and Goldsmiths, is a most enchanting feature in the scene. The space of one house, in the centre, being left open, the view beyond, is shown as in a frame; and that precious glimpse of sky, and water, and rich buildings, shining so quietly among the huddled roofs and gables on the bridge, is exquisite”.
Charles Dickens, Writer, Pictures from Italy, 1846.
“The core of the city of Florence has remained unchanged for centuries. You might take a stroll to the grocery store today and walk exactly in the footsteps of someone like Donatello or Michelangelo in the Renaissance.
For some, that fact is just an amusing thought, quickly forgotten. For others this simple walk becomes a pilgrimage, and you question, what is this magic I feel?
Does it come from the curious worn-out gray stone, or the way the light cuts through a narrow street?
Or the calm rythm of green shutters of windows on those sun kissed walls? Nah.
It must be the beauty of the Arno, and it’s graceful bridges that dance into the mist.
No… it must be a symphony of those rooftops that vibrate in unison with Brunelleschi’s Dome!
That’s Florence. It touches your very soul, stirs your senses, brings forth your creativity, and before your know it, you are on a threshold of your own personal Renaissance.
It smacks you awake, and your life is changed forever.”
Paola Vojnovic, Art Historian, 2019.
“Firenze l’è piccina
e vista da i’ Piazzale
la pare una bambina
vestita a carnevale…[…]
Firenze l’è piccina
e l’è anche casa mia…
ce l’ho sempre davanti
anche quando vado via…Florence is small
and seen from the Piazzale
it seems a child
dress up for a parade.
Firenze is small
and is also my hometown
I have it on my mind
even when I travel the world.”
Italian actor Leonardo Pieraccioni, Song, Suggested by Valentina Dainelli of Too Much Tuscany.
“Firenze è una città rocciosa. Non si può dire di averla amata davvero se non si è saputo scoprire il suo lato sarcastico e pungente, ruvido e scostante; se non si è provata l’ebbrezza di saper rispondere a tono alla battuta sempre pronta del panettiere, del macellaio o del cameriere. Chi se ne va dicendo che Firenze è bella ma i fiorentini son difficili ha lasciato una storia d’amore prima che sbocciasse davvero!”
Irene Chellini, traveller, anthropologist, tour guide, 2019.
“More than any other piazza in Italy, the Piazza della Signoria evokes the antique world, not only in the colossal deified statues, the David, the Neptune…, the hideous Hercules and Cacus, but in the sober Loggia dei Lanzi, with its three lovely full arches and its series statuary groups in bronze and marble. Some are antique Greek and Roman; some are Renaissance; some belong to the Mannerist epoch; one to the nineteenth century. Yet there is no disharmony among them.”
Mary McCarthy, writer, The Stones of Florence, 1959.
The Italian way of life cannot be considered a success except by temporary visitors. It solves no problems. It makes them worse.
“The somber stone walls of Le Murate, a former prison built in the 15th century, belie its current incarnation as a welcoming hub of contemporary culture.”
“It’s freezing up here. What did you use to keep warm?”
“Indignation,” said Michelangelo. “Best fuel I know. Never burns out.”
Irving Stone, Writer,
“Under the shadow of a stately Pile,The dome of Florence, pensive and alone, Nor giving heed to aught that passed the while, I stood, and gazed upon a marble stone, The laurelled Dante’s favourite seat. A throne”
William Wordsworth, Writer, Memorials of a Tour in Italy, 1837
“To see the sun sink down, drowned on his pink and purple and golden floods, and overwhelm Florence with tides of color that make all the sharp lines dim and faint and turn the solid city to a city of dreams, is a sight to stir the coldest nature.”
Mark Twain, Writer, The Innocents Abroad, 1869
What I remember most about that time was feeling completely blessed to wake up every morning in Florence. Every day just walking across the river to my etching school, in a converted horse stable, was a revelation. It rained a lot that autumn — practically every day — but even the wet, cold days couldn’t dampen how much I was falling in love with the city. Actually, that cold, dreary weather I think made Florence even more romantic — being rugged up in hats and scarves is something I still prefer to sweltering in unrelenting heat.
Emiko Davies, Cookbook Author, Blogger, Friend.
“On August 19, 1418, a competition was announced in Florence, where the city’s magnificent new cathedral, Santa Maria del Fiore, had been under construction for more than a century”
Ross King, Writer,
Trust me, it’s worth the walk. I regularly drag my humans up to the “highest” hill-too basilica in the city, the 1,000-year-plus San Miniato al Monte overlooking #yourflorence that was once the home of a hermit martyr Sr. Minias. Legend has it that the decapitated body of Minias picked up its head and flew over the River Arno to this hillside hermitage. As you do!
Ginger the Beagle, Beagle in Florence, 2019. | <urn:uuid:7b43e855-b4e6-4c65-900d-daf231dfffbc> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://girlinflorence.com/2019/11/14/quotes-about-florence-from-then-to-now/ | 2024-04-19T11:12:42Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.881348 | 3,636 |
- Corrosion and UV resistant blade retention clips
- 102, 130 and 152mm blade options
- Black clips supplied as standard. White and grey coloured clips available upon request
- Lever-action handle for easy control and locking with Low Profile and Ring handle options available
- Satin chrome keylocks available as an optional extra
- Premium weather seals and overlapping blades combine to form an effective weather barrier
- Choice of glass, aluminium or timber blades
- Fly, barrier and Crimsafe screening options
- 7 year ‘peace of mind’ guarantee
Explore our standard size range and possible configurations to determine the most appropriate window for your home.
Explore our selection of standard anodised finishes and powder coat colours to decide what best suits your colour scheme.
Our matching range of window and door screens allow you to choose the level of protection you want for your home.
Address such issues as heat, noise, safety, security, glare and fading - after all, Your Home, Your Glass. | <urn:uuid:dea063f5-6615-49df-a5cc-438018461434> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://gjames.com/windows/louvre-windows | 2024-04-19T12:21:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.824042 | 205 |
Everything You Need to Know About SBTPG LLC and TPG Products Are you tired of waiting for your tax refunds to arrive? Do you want a hassle-free way to receive your money as quickly as possible? If so, then you may want to consider using TPG products by SBTPG LLC. In this article, we will discuss what TPG products are, how they work, and why you should consider using them. What are TPG Products by SBTPG LLC? TPG products are financial products offered by Santa Barbara Tax Products Group (TPG), a subsidiary of Green Dot Corporation. SBTPG LLC is the company that manages and markets these products to tax preparers and taxpayers. The goal of TPG products is to provide taxpayers with a fast and convenient way to receive their tax refunds. How Do TPG Products Work? TPG offers several different financial products, including the following: Refund Transfers: With a refund transfer, your tax refund is deposited directly into your bank account, prepaid card, or another financial account. This process typically takes less than 21 days, which is the average time it takes for the IRS to process tax refunds. Prepaid Cards: TPG also offers prepaid cards that can be used to receive tax refunds, make purchases, and withdraw cash at ATMs. These cards are a great option for people who do not have bank accounts or prefer not to use them. Advances: If you need your tax refund sooner, TPG offers advances of up to $6,000. These advances are available to people who have already filed their taxes and expect to receive a refund. Check Printing: For people who prefer to receive a paper check, TPG offers check printing services. Your tax refund will be printed on a check and mailed to your address. Why Should You Consider Using TPG Products? There are several reasons why you should consider using TPG products for your tax refunds: Fast and Convenient: TPG products are designed to be fast and convenient, which means you can receive your tax refund as quickly as possible. This is particularly useful if you need the money for urgent expenses or bills. Secure and Reliable: TPG products are secure and reliable, which means you can trust that your tax refund will be deposited into your account without any issues. TPG uses advanced encryption and security technologies to protect your personal and financial information. Flexible: TPG products are flexible, which means you can choose the option that works best for you. Whether you prefer a prepaid card, bank deposit, or paper check, TPG has an option that will suit your needs. Easy to Use: TPG products are easy to use, which means you do not need to be a financial expert to use them. All you need to do is choose the option you prefer and follow the instructions provided by TPG. How to Use TPG Products To use TPG products, you need to follow these simple steps: Choose a Tax Preparer: TPG products are offered through tax preparers, so you need to find a tax preparer that offers TPG products. You can find a list of tax preparers on the TPG website. Provide Your Information: Once you have chosen a tax preparer, you need to provide your personal and financial information. This information will be used to file your taxes and deposit your refund. Choose a TPG Product: You need to choose a TPG product that suits your needs. You can choose from refund transfers, prepaid cards, advances, or check printing. Receive Your Refund: Once your taxes are filed, and the IRS has processed your refund, TPG will deposit the funds into your chosen financial account or send you a paper check. TPG products by SBTPG LLC offer a convenient and fast way to receive your tax refund. Whether you prefer a prepaid card, bank deposit, or paper check, TPG has an option that will suit your needs. TPG products are secure, reliable, flexible, and easy to use, making them an excellent option for anyone who wants to receive their tax refund as quickly and hassle-free as possible. It is important to note that TPG products are only available through tax preparers, so you need to find a tax preparer that offers TPG products. Additionally, there may be fees associated with TPG products, so you should review the fees and terms of service before choosing a TPG product. Overall, if you are tired of waiting for your tax refunds to arrive, TPG products may be an excellent option for you. By using TPG products, you can receive your tax refund quickly and conveniently, allowing you to focus on the more important things in life. | <urn:uuid:0a9b5b36-a4cd-4227-9399-d031f7907fa1> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://globalforexllc.com/understanding-tpg-products-by-sbtpg-llc-your-guide-to-hassle-free-tax-refunds/ | 2024-04-19T13:10:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.966794 | 950 |
There’s an enormous amount of change happening in education right now, change that has both required rapid response and has raised long-term questions about school. Leaders have had to balance supporting students, staff, and community members in the moment while looking ahead and strategizing for the future.
For the last two months, we’ve been working with nearly 150 district and school leaders in GOA’s program Leading Teachers Online. Each month, these leaders gather on Zoom to tackle pressing topics related to this challenging school year. A common concern has been how to both address urgent, immediate needs and to ensure our schools don’t just survive this year, but grow from it. To prepare for our most recent gathering, we asked school leaders to reflect on their first few weeks/months back at school and reflect in a strengths-based way: “What’s something you want to keep post-COVID?”
We found their responses inspiring and helpful. Below are six highlights, including some sample perspectives from participants.
1. Online Family Events
Leaders reported that they had better attendance and engagement at online events for parents/guardians than at pre-COVID in-person events. During a pandemic, it’s easy to see why: in-person events aren’t an option, and more families than ever are at home and using online tools to connect. In general, however, online events offer more flexibility and accessibility for families: it’s less of a time and childcare commitment to attend live, and it’s easy to make materials like recordings available for asynchronous use.
As one participant said, “No driving to school! Some of the technological interactions have now become normative. I foresee us continuing to use Zoom to bring together more people for events than might possibly attend in person.”
2. Online Office Hours
In the same spirit of offering flexibility and accessibility, teachers are offering more open office hours to students to connect in a more informal way. Leaders are imitating this work to support teachers, offering online office hours for teachers to “drop in” and ask questions, give and get feedback, or just talk. Teachers are carrying a heavier load than in normal years, and finding low-stakes, relational ways for them to gather and talk through challenges, share work, and maintain connections to colleagues has been a better strategy for leaders than trying to replicate more cumbersome, evaluative processes like classroom observations.
This participant put it well: “One thing I’d like to keep is the ability to check in with students more frequently by way of virtual one-on-ones, Jamboards, polls, etc. Also, online spaces for faculty to caucus together. Because the school day is so tight, offering times to caucus together is important. And, open Zoom room drop-ins. I can have fifty people stop into a Zoom with me if they want, but I can only fit a handful of people in my office.”
3. Technology for Learning
Leaders report that they have never seen teachers as invested and creative with technology as they are now. This is by necessity, of course, but some of the results are worth keeping: students using technology to create more varied and interesting work, more transparency and intentionality in the design of learning experiences, more student voice and choice, and use of synchronous and asynchronous modes to support flexible and personalized learning. Before COVID, many schools were pursuing initiatives that would help them improve the student learning experience and drive better outcomes, and they have realized that helping teachers build expertise with online spaces and digital tools is a way to achieve those goals.
Consider this school leader’s decision to upgrade technology in response to COVID: “This was an opportunity to abandon our very user-unfriendly LMS and develop Google sites for each course which are visually more appealing, more logically organized/easy to navigate, more convenient for linking to materials in Google Drive or online, and just generally richer, more engaging online learning spaces.”
4. More Equitable Assessments
The move online made urgent a question we’ve always recognized as important, “How do we know students are learning?” When students and teachers don’t share the same physical space and are working on different schedules or even in different time zones, traditional, time-based assessments like tests and quizzes often need to be rethought to reflect a more performance-based approach. Online spaces also offer an opportunity to create more personalized learning pathways for students. Clear, intentional understanding of common learning outcomes was a critical part of designing and validating assessments, and that collaborative work is something school leaders want to keep.
This participant’s response captures many of the ideas about assessment that we are hearing from leaders: “I appreciate that it's a timely opportunity to rethink and clarify what our learning outcomes are, and then to design backwards from there. The idea of what works best (especially as it pertains to assessments) in synchronous and asynchronous experiences is another helpful reframing to determine what is the best use of our time when we have our students in front of us (either in person or virtual).”
5. Online Affinity Spaces
Affinity spaces are intentional opportunities for students as well as teachers to engage, check-in, and share experiences in a safe setting. When classrooms moved online, affinity spaces did as well, allowing important work in schools to continue. Keeping affinity spaces online may make them more accessible and offer another platform for vulnerability for students who feel safer sharing experiences online rather than in-person. Online affinity spaces also open possibilities of having guest speakers or presenters from anywhere in the world as well as connections with students from other schools to broaden support and impact.
Consider how online spaces might support psychological safety: “Our students benefit when they have safe spaces to connect with others who have shared experiences and many of them found it safer to be online than in-person.”
6. The Ability to Change
Frequent change is and will be the norm for the foreseeable future. Many schools are currently transitioning from online to hybrid and in-person, and they need to stay flexible given the uncertainties of this moment. While the ability to pivot and change quickly is invaluable, school leaders must pay extra attention to their teachers’ wellbeing. Teachers often carry the heaviest burden in executing these changes, and schools must reinforce a culture where teachers are listened to and cared for during this time. Nimbleness in the face of change takes practice, communication, and resilience.
We loved this succinct insight from a school leader: “One thing I hope to keep is my ability to change and support my teachers through change.”
What do you want to see your community keep post-COVID? Connect with GOA on Twitter at @goalearning and let us know!
The GOA Design Lab offers strategic solutions and design support to school leaders planning for the future. Learn more about our services. For more free resources on online learning, visit our COVID-19 landing page. | <urn:uuid:3955087f-7231-451b-aff4-55b3b368d793> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://globalonlineacademy.org/insights/articles/six-ideas-school-leaders-want-to-keep-post-covid | 2024-04-19T11:20:27Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.962547 | 1,458 |
How do you handle conflicts at work?
Conflict can be a source of innovation. On the other hand, it could lead to hostile interactions at work.
Lecturer at GLOBIS University, Trond Varlid, reveals how people can more successfully overcome conflicts in the workplace.
Varlid breaks down the common causes of conflict and why managing it is important for aspiring professionals. He discusses the power of empathy and self-awareness as tools for emotional management. Further, he shares psychological factors which influence conflict and discusses an interesting model used for identifying people’s social needs.
Join us to see the full interview and overcome the conflicts you experience today! | <urn:uuid:6214a56e-f6c3-4ee5-8a74-3c4042c7d034> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://globisunlimited.com/course/managing-conflicts-in-relationships/ | 2024-04-19T12:00:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.935972 | 137 |
14.1%. That number may not seem like much out of context, but it means a lot for the future of renewable energy. According to a recent scientific article published by Cell Press, new monolithically-integrated solar flow batteries have set the new record in solar-to-output electricity efficiency at 14.1%.
The breakthrough technology is a result of the efforts of chemistry professor Song Jin (University of Wisconsin-Madison) and electrical engineering professor Jr-Hau He (Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah University of Science and Technology).
Their collaborative work combines the concept of conventional flow batteries with solar cell technology. Moreover, they aim to create a more compact and efficient single unit to integrate with existing renewable energy grids easily.
How Conventional Flow Batteries Work
A flow battery, or redox flow battery, relies on the motion of chemical components dissolved in liquid. A thin membrane usually separates these liquids. However, this is not always the case, as scientists have developed hybrid and membraneless flow batteries.
Either way, these electrochemical cells are used like fuel cells and rechargeable batteries. The two liquids stay dormant in separate tanks until energy is needed. Then, when the fluids flow together into a stack, the battery discharges energy.
To recharge, the battery merely pumps the liquids back into their respective tanks. The longevity of energy storage with this process is almost limitless. However, they are currently too bulky and not incredibly powerful on their own.
The problem with conventional flow batteries is their impracticality. Unlike other forms of battery, flow batteries are still not extraordinarily efficient. This is where solar cells come in.
What Solar Flow Batteries Mean For The Future
Professors Song Jin and Jr-Hau He integrated a solar cell with a flow battery system, thus increasing the overall efficiency while also allowing for a more compact and practical all-in-one unit.
The solar cell used for demonstration purposes is still a pricey one, but that doesn’t scientists cannot develop more economical solar cells. The professors believe it will soon be just as cheap, if not cheaper, than using solar cells and energy storage batteries separately.
Furthermore, these solar flow batteries can operate in three different modes. Not only do they store solar energy, but it can provide power directly from the solar cell. In addition, the batteries can also recharge from any source of electricity.
This makes solar flow batteries very easily integrate-able with existing energy grids. A source-neutral system allows for compatibility with other types of renewable energy as well.
Overall, these solar flow batteries are the next step in the ever-important path towards 100% renewable energy. As renewable energy technology becomes cheaper and more efficient, it becomes more practical.
The U.S. Department of Energy is planning for the future with their Grid Modernization Initiative. Energy stockholders are beginning to weigh the costs of renovating old coal plants vs. implementing new technologies.
The time is now. Renewable energy is our future and businesses, investors, stockholders, and governments across the world are realizing this and investing in the future.
Non-renewables like coal, fossil fuels, and natural gasses are on their way out and the energy industry knows it.
Invest in the Future. Invest in Solar.
In the transition to fully renewable energy, solar energy is a smart and attainable source of power. Solar energy reduces both energy use and consumer costs.
Reduce your carbon footprint. Invest in the future. Go green. Get clean. Save the environment and, consequently, your finances.
The future of renewable energy is ours to create. Installing solar panels and other forms of renewable energy help in the fight for clean
Take the first step in your path towards green energy with renewable solar energy for your commercial property. | <urn:uuid:931d0b08-55a0-4a46-ac47-99b45394be7f> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://goenergylink.com/blog/solar-flow-batteries/ | 2024-04-19T11:23:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.932062 | 778 |
Orders must be placed by 5pm Tuesday or 10pm Wed-Fri the day before pickup.
Pickup Wednesday through Saturday 4-9pm
Order Gallon Gumbo + Whole Desserts
Cooking Classes are taught by gogo! Chef Owner Jon Hebert. The cost includes a demonstration, the recipes and seated dinner. The teaching portion lasts about an hour and fifteen minutes followed by dinner and lively conversation. Your paid ticket is non-refundable but is transferable to another individual should you be unable to attend. BYOB event.
Doors open at 6:00pm –
Classes begin promptly at 6:30pm. | <urn:uuid:6677e0e4-0e42-4929-9c4d-eb14c0932c29> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://gogogumbo.com/ | 2024-04-19T13:14:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.944883 | 134 |
I am Loved
There are no conditions to this love, It does not need to be earned and it cannot be taken away.
I am loved and accepted exactly how I am, Right here and right now. - Louise Hay
- 6.8-oz, 100% combed and ring spun cotton
- Ultra soft 30 single jersey
This is so much more than a cute t-shirt! You're the bomb and you should celebrate all the pieces that make up who you are. Wear your t-shirt proudly knowing that 20% off all profits are donated to rare disease research, awareness and treatment. | <urn:uuid:9d3f71bf-0616-4d01-a44b-61e5f1cb7822> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://goingwiththegagnons.com/products/i-am-loved-youth-t-shirt | 2024-04-19T12:39:16Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.962968 | 125 |
Fees & Rebates Payment Plans, Health Funds & Government Schemes
Zip Money is a fantastic easy to use payment option for all of your dental needs. We understand that some dental treatments occur at a time when finances may not allow you to pay for your treatment on the day.
You can utilise their interest free options also with no deposit for ease of payment now and pay back later.
Click above to access the Zip Money application form.
Afterpay is the leading buy now pay later service that lets you shop your favourite stores, and pay it in four instalments always interest-free. Instantly create your account to shop now and pay later with Afterpay. Instant approval online. Fast sign up. Easy-to-use app.
Dental payment plans are a convenient and affordable way for you to pay for the cost of your dental treatment over time. And what’s more you won’t pay any interest or go through any complicated finance contracts. Now there’s no reason for you to delay your treatment. With no interest and a minimal deposit Denticare plans help with dental care costs
Super when you need it the most. Many people are unaware that you can access your super for dental treatment. SuperCare are here to help with this process and application for the early release of your superannuation. You can release your super for yourself or family members and SuperCare make this process simple and stress free.
We are delighted to be partnered with smile.com.au who are on a mission to make quality dental care accessible to Australia. Get smile.com.au dental cover for under $100 a year to save 15% to 40% off all dental treatments, every time you visit Gold Coast Smiles. Plus, there’s no limits or restrictions – it’s dental cover with total freedom. Now that’s something to smile about!
Click above for for more Smile.com.au information.
Child Dental Benefit Schedule
Medicare offer eligible children aged between 2-17 years $1000 towards general dental treatment over a 2 year period.
This is an excellent scheme offered by the Australian Government for those families on a low income to help with your children’s dental needs. No payment is required on the day we process this directly with Medicare making children FREE on the CBDS Scheme.
To check if you are eligible, simply call the practice with your Medicare details or contact Medicare directly on 132 150.
Gold Coast Smiles proudly support our local veterans by offering treatment to all Gold and White cardholders. Simply bring along your DVA card on the day and we take care of the rest directly with the Department of Veterans Affairs. Call DVA on 133 254. | <urn:uuid:3329742d-f810-4444-b56f-be074cb308ec> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://goldcoastsmiles.com.au/fees-and-rebates/ | 2024-04-19T11:09:13Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.925945 | 560 |
Jason Slowinski, Golden City Manager
Being Jason Slowinski
Our speaker this month is Jason Slowinski, City of Golden’s new City Manager. Slowinski will share stories and tales from his career as a city manager and provide an inside look into some of the more unusual and difficult circumstances and decisions presented to a city manager. Slowinski also will discuss the history of the city manager form of government, how a typical day in the life of a city manager looks, and reasons for pursuing the profession.
Slowinski was appointed as City Manager in September 2015, and he is the 9th person to hold the position in the history of City of Golden. Slowinski lives in Golden with his wife, Stephanie, and two school-aged daughters.
Immediately prior to joining the City of Golden, Slowinski served as Village Manager for Lake Zurich, Illinois and Assistant/Acting City Manager for Des Plaines, Illinois.
Slowinski is recognized as a Credentialed Manager by the International City and County Management Association. He earned a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and a law degree from The John Marshall School of Law in Chicago. He also has completed graduate studies in public administration at Northern Illinois University. | <urn:uuid:cc07b8b6-d4e0-4592-9c7d-8ad516a4d039> | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | https://goldenbeertalks.org/2015/12/ | 2024-04-19T11:34:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817398.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419110125-20240419140125-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.96237 | 256 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.