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Elgin violent crime up for first half of 2016; drop expected for second half
FBI statistics released this week show that violent crime in Elgin was 28 percent higher in the first six months of 2016, compared to the same period in 2015. However, a police official said the city had a better second half of 2016. Mark Black | Staff Photographer, 2015
Charles Keeshan and Susan Sarkauskas
Updated 1/13/2017 12:35 PM
It was a tale of three cities when it came to the largest suburbs and violent crime in the first half of 2016.
According to statistics released by the FBI this week, the number of violent offenses between January and June 2016 in Aurora dipped slightly compared to the same time frame in 2015 -- from 308 to 306. Naperville saw an increase but a relatively minor one, from 32 to 37.
And then there's Elgin, which saw 124 violent offenses reported in the first half of the year, a whopping 28 percent more than in 2015. That's a larger percentage point hike than in Chicago, which had a 23 percent increase over the same period.
While it wasn't all bad news for Elgin -- cases of both murder and rape declined -- the city saw big spikes in the number of robberies, 20 to 39, and aggravated assaults, 53 to 69.
Elgin is examining the numbers to ensure everything was categorized correctly, Deputy Chief Bill Wolf said, adding that the department will release its annual full-year review next week.
He expects it to show an overall 1 percent or 2 percent decrease in crimes reported to the FBI.
"I think you will see the (FBI report) increase is not that significant," Wolf said. "Our second half was down."
And the number of violent crimes is still nowhere near what it was in 1989, when the town hit 4,905 crimes, according to a 2013 report. By 2015, that dropped to 1,854.
Nationwide, violent crime rose about 5.3 percent in the first six months of last year compared to 2015. The preliminary report included breakdowns by city only for communities of 100,000 or more residents. Figures for smaller towns will come when the FBI issues its full 2016 report in the fall.
Buyer, seller beware
While a drop in violent crime is always good news, there were some worrisome numbers for Aurora in the FBI report. The number of robberies in the city grew from 45 in the first half of 2015 to 59 in the first six months of 2016.
Authorities blame much of the increase on the use of social media and online sites to buy and sell goods with strangers.
"The increase in robberies in the first half of last year was due largely to a spike we experienced with people being robbed after posting items for sale on social media sites such as OfferUp," said city spokesman Dan Ferrelli.
Social media sales might be easier, but they are riskier than shopping in a store, Ferrelli said. Sellers and buyers can remain anonymous, and easily hide their true intention to hold you up and take your money or goods.
Reducing prison populations
Gov. Bruce Rauner's office says he will sign legislation addressing some of his Commission on Criminal Justice and Sentencing Reform's recommendations. -
Shorter sentences for drug offenses and some felonies. More probation and electronic monitoring. Additional rehabilitation programs, especially in high-need communities. No mandatory prison terms based on where a crime took place.
These are among the 27 recommendations issued this month by Gov. Bruce Rauner's Commission on Criminal Justice and Sentencing Reform. Rauner empaneled the commission in February 2015 to examine how the state could reduce its prison population -- which at the time sat at nearly 49,000 inmates -- by 25 percent within 10 years.
"Prison will certainly continue to play an important role in protecting public safety," commission Chairman Rodger A | [
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Have your say on Energy Efficient Mortgages!
February 28, 2018 /in News /by energyeemap
The EeMAP consortium is inviting any interested actor to provide feedback on high-level guidelines for a pan-European 'energy efficient mortgage' pilot scheme.
The Consultation will run until 12 March 2018.
The Energy Efficient Mortgages Action Plan (EeMAP) is aimed at delivering a standardised European framework and data collection process for energy efficient mortgages, with favourable financing conditions for energy efficient buildings and energy saving renovations.
The Energy Efficient Mortgage Process, as shown above in the picture, is designed to provide the necessary scope for lending institutions to adapt the process to their internal practices and national market and legislative context. * B (renovation planning), E, F & G are only relevant in the case of renovation. An audit could involve the issuing of a new Energy Performance Certificate for a residential property, although more comprehensive audits might be considered for commercial properties.
EeMAP not only offers a concrete response to the call for immediate market action on climate, particularly in relation to finance, at December 2017's 'One Planet Summit' in Paris, but will also provide a solid evidence base to support the European Commission's analysis of the risk profile of energy efficient mortgages, as recently highlighted in the Final Report of the High-Level Expert Group on Sustainable Finance.
In the context of the ongoing work of the EU to create a Capital Markets Union, EeMAP will create a solid, new asset class, which can be used for the purpose of energy efficient bond or covered bond funding. The innovation of the initiative is the delivery of a win-win process, with a mechanism to incentivise property owners to improve the energy performance of their buildings and a focus specifically on those aspects of the energy performance of buildings that correlate with key risks metrics used by banks, such as probability of default and loss given default.
The consultation aims at collecting market views on three sets of high-level EeMAP guidelines which set out a European blueprint for the forthcoming pilot scheme at national level:
Implementation Guidelines for Lending Institutions
Building Performance Assessment Criteria
Valuation and Energy Efficiency Checklist
The input collected during the public consultation will help to shape the final energy efficient mortgage framework, as will feedback collected during a series of national expert events across the EU to examine and strengthen the proposed guidelines. The final guidelines will be formally presented on 14 June 2018 at an Energy Efficient Mortgages event in Windsor, UK, which will also mark the official start of the pilot scheme.
The objective of the pilot scheme is to test the energy efficient mortgage product blueprint at national level with key stakeholders such as banks, property valuers, Green Building Councils and energy utilities. Crucially the pilot will also involve collecting and analysing loan data over time to substantiate the correlation between energy efficiency and reduced levels of risk. A large group of pioneer lenders, including major banks, medium size players and local, specialised lenders in Europe have already signalled their interest in being involved in the pilot.
To understand the development of the high-level guidelines, you may wish to review the following reports which the EeMAP Consortium has released:
White Paper: Creating a Green Mortgage for Europe
Review of the State of Play of Green Finance
Review of the State of Play on Building Performance Indicators that Impact Mortgage Credit Risk
Review of the State of Play on Mortgage Lending Valuation and the Impact of Energy Efficiency Value
Review of the Impact of Energy Efficiency on the Probability of Default
Consumer Research Insights
Pilot Scheme Guidelines: https://eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/EeMAP-Energy-Efficiency-Mortgage-Pilot-Scheme-Implementation-Guidelines-Draft-for-Consultation.pdf
Consultation: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/W69XRPQEeMAPPilotPhase
Press Release: Energy Efficient Mortgages initiative seeks market views to shape forthcoming pilot scheme with banks
https://eemap.energyefficient | [
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mortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/EE_process-560x321.jpg 321 560 energyeemap https://eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/EeDaPP_landingpage.jpg energyeemap2018-02-28 13:48:392019-01-17 14:57:43Have your say on Energy Efficient Mortgages!
EeMAP Consortium welcomes E.ON's consumer research
Brussels, 15 February 2018 – For immediate release
Consumer research led by E.ON indicates that Energy Efficient Mortgages could be the answer customers have been looking for.
Access to affordable finance has long since been an obstacle for many customers thinking about an energy efficient makeover for their home. The Energy efficient Mortgage Action Plan (EeMAP) project aims to create a standardised "energy efficient mortgage", providing building owners with the incentives to improve the energy efficiency of their homes or business buildings, or to acquire an already energy efficient property through preferential financing conditions linked to the mortgage.
Today research led by our consortium partner E.ON, reveals the answer to the question of whether customers actually would take up such a product. Consumer studies across Germany, Italy, Sweden and the United Kingdom found a positive customer reaction to the concept of an energy efficient mortgage.
In Italy 80% of people found the idea very or quite appealing, followed by the UK with 66%, with very low outright rejection of the idea. Not surprisingly, the appeal is highest to those customers who are open to making energy efficiency improvements to their properties and to those that would consider taking out a loan to do so.
The one most important reason for finding the product appealing (excluding those that found it unappealing) was the financial benefits. Financing means different things in the study countries, in the UK and Sweden it is about having access to a lower interest rate, while in Italy it is about achieving long term savings. Of almost equal importance to finance as a driver are energy considerations, specifically benefiting from lower energy bills in the long term, particularly in the UK and Italy. The emotional benefit of achieving a warm and comfortable home was also a strongly recognised energy benefit in all countries.
Marco Marijewycz, Market Manager at E.ON Solutions and EeMAP consortium member, who led consumer research, said:
"Our study shows that customers see the benefits of an energy efficiency mortgage as delivering a triple win: lower energy bills, lower mortgage rates and a warm, more comfortable home. This product could also open up new innovative partnerships between lenders and utilities".
Luca Bertalot, EeMAP Coordinator & EMF-ECBC Secretary General, said: "Key to the success of the Energy Efficient Mortgage Initiative is robust consumer demand. The consumer research published today is not only encouraging because of the positive consumer feedback, but it will be invaluable in guiding the preparations for the forthcoming EeMAP pilot phase and in helping banks to understand what consumers do and don't want so that they can design a future energy efficient mortgage product that responds to the needs of the market."
The pilot phase of EeMAP will commence on 14 June 2018. The objective of the pilot scheme is to test the energy efficient mortgage product blueprint at national level with key stakeholders such as banks, property valuers, Green Building Councils and energy utilities. The pilot phase will be underpinned by a standardised framework consisting of high-level guidelines, which went into market consultation earlier this week. A large group of pioneer lenders, including major banks, medium size players and local, specialised lenders in Europe have already signalled their interest in being involved in the pilot.
The consumer research report led by E.ON is available on the EeMAP website.
The EeMAP Initiative – led by the European Mortgage Federation-European Covered Bond Council, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, RICS, the Europe Regional Network of the World Green Building Council, E.ON and SAFE Goethe University Frankfurt aims to create an energy efficient mortgage through which homebuyers are incentivised to improve the energy efficiency of their building or acquire | [
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an already energy efficient property by way of favourable conditions liked to the mortgage. The cornerstone of the initiative is the assumption that energy efficiency has a risk mitigation effect for banks as a result of the impact on a borrower's ability to service his/her loan and on the value of the property, a correlation which the EeMAP Initiative will seek to substantiate.
For more information about the EeMAP Initiative, please visit the EeMAP website: www.eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu
For more information about the Pilot Phase Guidelines and the market consultation, please visit:
https://eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/EeMAP-Energy-Efficiency-Mortgage-Pilot-Scheme-Implementation-Guidelines-Draft-for-Consultation.pdf
https://eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/D2.7_image-742x321.jpg 321 742 energyeemap https://eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/EeDaPP_landingpage.jpg energyeemap2018-02-17 13:50:032019-01-17 13:50:54EeMAP Consortium welcomes E.ON's consumer research
Energy Efficient Mortgages initiative seeks market views to shape forthcoming pilot scheme with banks
Today, the Energy Efficient Mortgages Action Plan (EeMAP) Consortium has launched a major market consultation on guidelines for a pan-European 'energy efficient mortgage' pilot scheme. EeMAP is aimed at delivering a standardised European framework and data collection process for energy efficient mortgages, with favourable financing conditions for energy efficient buildings and energy saving renovations.
Today's consultation aims at collecting market views on three sets of high-level EeMAP guidelines which set out a European blueprint for the forthcoming pilot scheme at national level:
The consultation will run until 12 March 2018. The input collected during the public consultation will help to shape the final energy efficient mortgage framework, as will feedback collected during a series of national expert events across the EU to examine and strengthen the proposed guidelines. The final guidelines will be formally presented on 14 June 2018 at an Energy Efficient Mortgages event in Windsor, UK, which will also mark the official start of the pilot scheme.
Luca Bertalot, EeMAP Coordinator & EMF-ECBC Secretary General, said: "This is an ambitious and exciting initiative with a long-term horizon and a scope of action with the potential to reach 500 million citizens living in different climatic, social and market conditions. We recognise the complexity of the process but at the same time understand the urgent need to provide immediate market solutions to accelerate energy efficiency investment. We are determined to design a market infrastructure which will be adaptable over time, will respond to market and climate conditions and will deliver financial support for citizens to futureproof their houses. At the heart of our project is also a desire which speaks to each and everyone one of us: a desire to ensure the house we raise our families in is a home and the best one it can be."
For more information about the EeMAP Initiative, please visit the EeMAP website: www.energyefficientmortgages.eu
The public consultation is accompanied by a series of national roundtables and by the launch of national market briefing publications by national Green Building Councils across Europe, aimed at helping lenders and actors in the building sector understand the technical building assessment landscape in these countries.
The design of the draft energy efficient mortgage guidelines build on leading research by the EeMAP initiative published in late 2017, including:
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eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/EeDaPP_landingpage.jpg energyeemap2018-02-13 13:50:562019-01-17 13:52:06Energy Efficient Mortgages initiative seeks market views to shape forthcoming pilot scheme with banks
13/02/18 – EeMAP Finnish national workshop in Helsinki
February 13, 2018 /in Past events /by energyeemap
The Finnish Green Building Council hosted a national workshop to bring together expert stakeholders to debate EeMAP's proposals and how to launch energy efficiency mortgage pilots in the Finnish market. The event provided opportunity to explore the formation of a national hub for green mortgages in Finland.
The event took place on 13 February (h. 13.00–16.00) at GBC Finland, Lapinrinne 3, Helsinki.
Click here for full details of the event (in Finnish)
For more information, please contact [email protected]
https://eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/3055886-bridge_city_city-lights_cityscape_dawn_downtown_dusk_light_outdoors_reflection_river_sea_sky_skyline_urban_water_waterfront-1030x579-1.jpg 579 1030 energyeemap https://eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/EeDaPP_landingpage.jpg energyeemap2018-02-13 10:53:102019-01-21 10:54:5913/02/18 – EeMAP Finnish national workshop in Helsinki
Energy Efficient Mortgages Going Global
February 8, 2018 /in News /by energyeemap
Brussels, 8 February 2018 – For immediate release
Today, the Energy Efficient Mortgages Initiative is being presented at a Roundtable on Sustainable Finance & Energy Efficiency in Singapore in collaboration with the National University of Singapore's School of Design and Environment. Attended by Singaporean, European and Asian representatives from a wide range of sectors, the Roundtable is a strong sign of the growing global interest in energy efficiency financing.
Today's roundtable is a standout event in a series of global meetings of the covered bond community in Singapore with issuers and investors from all over the globe in attendance to promote the Capital Markets Union to Asian investors. It therefore provides a perfect opportunity to bring together relevant stakeholders to discuss the state of play of energy efficiency and its financing across the two continents and exchange information and best practice on the ways in which financial actors can play a leading role in this market. In this context, the Energy Efficient Mortgage Initiative will be showcased as an example of how the mortgage sector can take the lead in scaling-up private investment in building energy performance.
Singapore is also a perfect location for the fourth in a series of Energy Efficient Mortgage Initiative Roundtables, since Singapore has declared 2018 as a Year of Climate Action following the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP23) and has pledged to reduce its carbon emission, with energy efficiency being one of the key components identified to reach the targets.
Luca Bertalot, EeMAP Coordinator & EMF-ECBC Secretary General, said: "The interest expressed by the Singapore community in organising and participating in this Roundtable is a testament to the fact that the Energy Efficient Mortgages Initiative is going global. We're excited about the opportunity to present the Initiative to a global audience and describe European efforts to support the transition to a low-carbon, more resource-efficient and sustainable economy by way of the Capital Markets Union and a specific focus on sustainable finance."
The final Energy Efficient Mortgage framework will be formally presented on 14 June 2018 at an Energy Efficient Mortgages St | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.291479 | -0.323803 | -0.077887 | 0.28055 |
akeholder Event in Windsor, UK. This event will also mark the official start of the EeMAP Pilot Phase.
The Energy Efficient Mortgages Initiative consists of two EU funded projects:
The EeMAP Initiative – led by the European Mortgage Federation-European Covered Bond Council, Ca' Foscari University of Venice,RICS, the Europe Regional Network of the World Green Building Council, ON and SAFE Goethe University Frankfurt aims to create an energy efficient mortgage through which homebuyers are incentivised to improve the energy efficiency of their building or acquire an already energy efficient property by way of favourable conditions liked to the mortgage. The cornerstone of the initiative is the assumption that energy efficiency has a risk mitigation effect for banks as a result of the impact on a borrower's ability to service his/her loan and on the value of the property, a correlation which the EeMAP Initiative will seek to substantiate.
The Energy efficient Data Portal & Protocol Initiative (EeDaPP) will support the EeMAP Pilot Phase by designing a market-led protocol, which will facilitate the large-scale gathering and processing of data relating to energy efficient mortgage assets (loan-by-loan), via a standardised reporting template. In the long term, the data will be accessed by way of a common, centralised portal, allowing for continuous tracking of the performance of the energy efficient mortgage assets, thereby also facilitating the tagging of such assets for the purposes of energy efficient bond issuance. The EeDaPP Initiative is led by the European Mortgage Federation-European Covered Bond Council, European DataWarehouse, CRIF, Hypoport, TXS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and SAFE Goethe University Frankfurt.
For more information about the EeMAP & EeDaPP Initiatives, please visit the EeMAP website: www.energyefficientmortgages.eu
https://eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/DVhZ_W2XUAEAnfp-e1530104220476-762x321.jpg 321 762 energyeemap https://eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/EeDaPP_landingpage.jpg energyeemap2018-02-08 13:52:072019-01-17 13:52:58Energy Efficient Mortgages Going Global
Roundtable on Sustainable Finance & Energy Efficiency – Singapore – 8 February 2018
February 8, 2018 /in Past events /by energyeemap
On 8 February 2018 the Energy Efficient Mortgages Initiative was presented at the Roundtable on Sustainable Finance & Energy Efficiency in Singapore in collaboration with the National University of Singapore's School of Design and Environment. The Roundtable is a strong sign of the growing global interest in energy efficiency financing and it brought together Singaporean government representatives and participants from the European and Asian financial, building performance and construction industries.
https://eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/singapore.jpg 683 1024 energyeemap https://eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/EeDaPP_landingpage.jpg energyeemap2018-02-08 10:51:242019-01-21 10:52:28Roundtable on Sustainable Finance & Energy Efficiency – Singapore – 8 February 2018
February 5, 2018 /in Reports /by energyeemap
https://eemap.energyefficientmortgages.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/TechnicalReportonGreenFinance-727x1030-727x321.png 321 727 energyeemap https://eemap.energyefficient | [
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Web Magazine for Information Professionals
Home Coming issue Archive Authors Articles Guidelines
e-Collaboration Workshop: Access Grid, Portals and Other VREs for the Social Sciences
software java framework wiki portal video visualisation e-science e-research research standards
Rob Allan, Rob Crouchley and Michael Daw cover a one-day workshop reporting on the latest developments in e-Collaboration technology and applications.
This workshop was held on 28 June 2006 at Manchester Metropolitan University as part of the 2nd International Conference on e-Social Science hosted by the National Centre for e-Social Science (NCeSS).
The aim of the workshop was to bring together conference attendees interested in e-Collaboration as part of their research activities, to review requirements and to see what is currently going on in various JISC-funded projects. Several of these are funded by the Virtual Research Environments Programme [1]. Fifteen projects were funded in this programme (starting in early 2005), using a range of collaboration tools and online technologies to deliver research services to end-users across a range of disciplines. In addition there is the Access Grid Support Centre and the ReDReSS Training and Awareness Project, both described below. We have attempted to "cross- pollinate" these projects through a number of jointly organised workshops and an online Wiki (itself a form of Web-based collaboration tool) with links to related information [2].
This workshop was broadly scoped into two sessions, one on portals and the other on Access Grid focussing on e-Collaboration as an increasingly vital element of today's complex research activities.
Figure 1: Charles Severance presenting on Collaborative e-Science captured in ReDRESS.
We were very pleased that Charles Severance from University of Michigan was able to attend and present work in the Sakai portal project to support distributed research teams. His stimulating talk, entitled Collaborative e-Science, Evolving Approaches, discussed different ways for scientists to interact in 'virtual collaborations'. Charles explained that early emphasis was being placed on sharing resources with a pre-defined set of Web-based tools, bringing people together interactively later on. During work spanning some 15 years it is clear that re-usable software is necessary to be able to respond quickly to such changing requirements as users adapt their work practices to the technology available. This also demonstrated the requirement to link together many different tools and to put an emphasis on user interfaces. Inter-operability between them rather than reliance on middleware is key to this.
Adrian Fish and Miguel Gonzalez, both of University of Lancaster, described the LUCeS Conferencing Tool which is being included as a component for Sakai. It includes functionality such as video conferencing (via a free, open source Java applet), shared desktop, and whiteboard, chat and "moviecaster" from one simple user interface. This work is being conducted as part of the Sakai VRE Demonstrator, and user requirements have indicated that such tools are useful. Adrian and Miguel demonstrated some of the tools working between two laptop PCs.
Rahim Lakhoo, University of Portsmouth, presented his work in a talk entitled Audio Visual Conferencing Tools, Narada Broker and MAST. This is also part of the Sakai VRE Demonstrator project and is exploring other aspects of video conferencing tools with the aim of linking portal and desktop applications into Access Grid with associated development of video and chat services. These are being developed using the GridSphere portal and Java Media Framework.
Paul Watry, University of Liverpool, described the Cheshire III VRE Project, in particular the MultiValent component which is used for shared interpretation of documents in a variety of formats.
The Access Grid (AG) session began with a presentation from Michael Daw, University of Manchester, on recent updates in the work of the Access Grid Support Centre. This was followed by three talks illustrating the success of the AG in various applications. He first spoke on Memetic as a Virtual Research Environment. Memetic is now being used by several groups to record meetings and other activities taking place in an AG environment. It enables sessions to be marked up by a 'reporter' to act as a record for subsequent analysis. In addition to standard meetings, at which key decision points and supporting information might be recorded, its use is also being explored as an evaluation tool for the performing arts. Examples of dance and music were shown and it was illustrated how the Memetic markup language could be extended to indicate positive or negative socio-emotional areas or task areas | [
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Robin Lewis is a professional NGO worker focusing on humanitarian aid, disaster relief and resilience building. He currently serves as the International Coordinator for Peace Boat, a Japan-based International NGO, and has experience working on humanitarian, disaster relief and youth projects in more than 20 countries around the world.
At the One Young World Summit in Bangkok, I had the honour of joining young leaders from every country in the world in addressing our Heads of Government, calling for them to take serious action on climate change in the run up to the 2015 Paris Climate Conference (COP21). The Call On COP campaign, supported by One Young World Counsellors including former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, Unilever CEO Paul Polman and philanthropist Sir Bob Geldof, gained global media coverage and sent a strong message to our leaders: no more excuses – the time for action is now.
A few weeks later, I had the opportunity to attend the COP21 conference in person, and was extremely fortunate to have the chance to witness this pivotal moment in history first-hand. After weeks of intense negotiations, governments of 195 nations came together to adopt a legally binding agreement to tackle climate change, known as the Paris Agreement. As French Foreign Minister and President of COP21, Laurent Fabius, announced the momentous news, it seemed like the global community heaved a collective sigh of relief. After 20 years of unsuccessful negotiations, it had been accomplished. And with 2015 looking to be the warmest year on record, this agreement could not have come at a more fitting time.
But now that the cries of joy and jubilation from COP21 are beginning to fade, many are asking "what next"? World leaders have committed to taking action, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and transitioning to a greener global economy, but what can we, as young people, do to ensure that sufficient action is taken?
Whilst climate change is undoubtedly one of the key challenges that we face today, I believe that it also presents ample opportunity, especially for millennials. After all, approximately half of the world's population is now under the age of 25. We have unprecedented access to new technologies, ambitious aspirations to change the world, and enjoy levels of connectivity (both online and offline) that previous generations could not have even imagined. And the sad truth is, it is today's young people and our children who will be disproportionately affected if climate change continues on its current course. Therefore, it is our generation who must take the lead.
Whilst there are many One Young World Ambassadors doing incredible work in this field, I wanted to share one example of a project that my organisation is working on, focusing on climate change, natural disasters, and young people.
I work for Peace Boat, a Japan-based International NGO in Special Consultative Status with the UN Economic and Social Council, which carries out its main activities through a chartered passenger ship that travels the world. The ship, which circumnavigates the globe on average 3 times a year, carries up to 1000 people at any given time and visits 60 ports each year. As part of these voyages, we carry out educational programs, seminars and conferences onboard the ship. People from all fields and nationalities come together, explore, and take concrete actions to tackle some of today's most pressing issues. At COP21, Peace Boat announced the launch of its new project to build the world's most environmentally sustainable cruise ship, the EcoShip (see The Telegraph's article here).
My work for Peace Boat specifically involves natural disasters – both in responding to natural disasters and building resilience to disasters through preparedness and training initiatives. Through experiences of working in over 20 countries, I have seen that the threat of climate change is very real. From increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events to desertification and droughts, the linkages between climate change and natural disasters are numerous, diverse and complex.
This is why we launched the "Resilient Youth" programme, implemented in partnership with the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). The programme has brought together emerging leaders in Africa, Asia, Central and South America on our ship to share experiences and best practices related to disaster risk reduction and climate change with one another, whilst traveling to | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 1.938018 | 0.5535 | 1.270616 | 2.055172 |
As sort of an appendix to the "Indie Musicians, Publishing and Song Placement" series of interviews we conducted with several industry professionals last fall, we felt it would be a great idea to get a perspective from someone who helps coordinate connections between musicians and the industry. One such person is Jim Attebery, who coordinates the Durango Songwriters Expo twice a year.
One great way to for artists to network is at industry conferences and events, and among these, the DSE has earned a solid reputation for helping artists connect with industry professionals in a laid-back, intimate setting, with a variety of events including panel discussions, music showcases and song listening sessions where musicians can receive personal critique from industry pros on their music.
Currently, the Durango Songwriters Expo offers conferences in the fall and in late winter/early spring. The next DSE event takes place February 27-March 1, 2014 in the Santa Barbara, California area, at the Marriott Santa Ynez Valley. The event will feature dozens of industry reps including music producers, music supervisors, label representatives and more. In between preparations for the event, Jim Attebery was kind enough to speak with MIMO for a few minutes.
MIMO: Thank you so much for being willing to answer a few questions for us.
Jim Attebery: Yeah, absolutely. Thanks for having me, I appreciate it.
MIMO: A lot of indie musicians are readers of our publication, and we'd like to give them an idea of what the Durango Songwriter Expo is and what it's about. Maybe we could start with a little background—how it got started, and what the basic vision of the DSE is.
for film and TV…been involved in a couple rock bands, done a lot of things. When we moved to Durango, I wanted to try to maintain those relationships since we had a three year old daughter and it was really difficult for me to go back and forth under the circumstances.
I had been to a lot of conferences, and generally most of these conferences were good for disseminating information but they were really too big to be personal and to really give artists/writers any chance to really be heard or network and develop relationships.
the early days in some of the big conferences. So this was set up in such a way that everybody would get heard in listening sessions and get a lot of attention, and everybody would have the chance to either to showcase [their music]. Later on, once we started getting so many good people, the quality of artists over the years as this thing developed has really become an industry standard. The quality of people performing got really, really good.
It came to a point that we couldn't showcase everybody, and so we started the open mics following the showcases on Thursday and Friday nights. There's a lot of great people at the open mics. In fact, we've had a couple people signed deals out of open mics, and so it just became important that we added that to the showcases to give everybody the opportunity for live performance. But essentially the idea and the vision behind everything was to really give people a legitimate opportunity to get heard and meet people that they would otherwise have a very difficult time being able to meet. So that was kind of the vision and the story behind it.
MIMO: What do you think sets the DSE apart from other industry conferences? Is it pretty much the relationship basis that you were talking about?
Jim: Yeah, I think that that's part of it, and I think a big part of it is the spirit and the low-key vibe that kind of permeates the whole event. The industry people love to come to this event because first of all, the talent's really good.
Secondly, it's very comfortable and easy for them. There's a lot of business that takes place too, especially as all these genres have become much more connected, it's a great opportunity for industry people and hit writers to get together. There's been a lot of partnerships, and a lot of writing, hit writing…songs written at this event over the years.
I think that what sets it apart more than anything else is that everybody is very comfortable at this event and knows that it's going to be viable for them, and it's just a very comfortable setting. It inspires people.
MIMO: How many years has the DSE been going on?
Jim: Eighteen. The first eleven started in Durango obviously, and [then] we moved the fall event to the Front Range [Denver]. We started the | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.563185 | -0.669987 | -0.027229 | 0.353913 |
Santa Barbara Wine Country event, the second Expo, nine years ago. So there are two events, two Expos: the one in Colorado in the first week in October, and then the last week in February in the Santa Barbara Wine Country, which is coming up here pretty quickly.
MIMO: In all the time that you guys have been doing this, obviously the music industry has changed a lot. What are your biggest observations about how the industry has changed and how the DSE has adapted to those changes in helping artists connect?
Jim: Well, we certainly had to. As it did evolve and change and technology and etc. changed, we had to increase not only… we changed scope a little bit, industry people who were invited.
We started five to six years ago having a lot of film and TV, music supervisors, ad agencies, video games–we started incorporating all of that stuff because the revenue streams changed with diminishing CD sales. So you had to adapt; we saw this, and I think we're kind of in front of it in the sense of creating viable opportunities, Now obviously we've had a number of people who have got publishing deals at the Expo, and record deals, and that's still a part of it, but you have to address the issue as far as social networking, indie artists, for them to really find a path in understanding the dynamic of what's out there. Because the truth is, it's very difficult for somebody to just go out and tour relentlessly and create a following. It [now] takes all of these things, all of these potential revenue streams. We try to encourage artists that there are a lot of additional revenue streams, and you really need to take advantage of them in order to survive, in order to make your presence felt.
MIMO: Where do you see indie musicians finding the greatest amount of success these days in the industry?
Jim: I see a combination of factors. What we're seeing is people coming to a realization that if they would happen to get a record deal, that's not the end-all. In fact, for some people, it's not the right deal at all. Same thing with publishing deals. Publishing deals can be very viable and oftentimes are, but it has to be the right situation. But let's say even if somebody is not able to get a record deal or a publishing deal, a lot of people aren't exploring those other revenue streams like film and TV, advertising, etc., all those things are really crucially important. I do think whether somebody's doing a completely indie project or whatever they're doing, they have to realize that they have to network, and they have to find like-minded people in the industry, other artists that they can work with, and do everything possible to try to expand their horizons as far as what's available to them…It's just really difficult to do without developing relationships, networking with not only industry pros but other artists and songwriters who can be helpful. As I say, maybe somebody at the Expo who is known really takes a liking to somebody. It happens, it happens quite a bit, and they'll develop [that artist] and maybe have them open for them, stuff like that. So all these things are a direct result of relationships, and having a chance to develop those relationships and network are really a big part of it, I think.
MIMO: The Santa Barbara Wine Country Expo is coming up at the end of February. Let's say I was an unknown artists coming for the first time to a DSE event. What would you suggest that I do to get the most out of it?
Jim: I think a big part of what we do is educational. One of the reasons this event works so well across the board for people… we have a lot of young people who come, and sometimes people will come initially and not even really be heard in listening sessions. They might not be ready to be heard in listening sessions, but they can go to all those listening sessions, get the feel of it, [hear] the feedback from the industry pros and hear the quality of the stuff throughout these listening sessions and live performances. It's really inspiring, and what we've seen for newbies, for people who come to this for the first time, they're just inspired and they learn really quickly. People who come to this event should be coming with the idea, and this goes from hit writers on down, that they should be coming to get better, and that's really the idea behind it. If you come here with the right attitude, to do everything possible to do get better, it's a great, great vehicle for that. We' | [
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Introducing the CPES Advisory Board
The Continuing Professional Education Services, LLC Advisory Board is comprised of experts and distinguished professionals from a variety of fields including legal, environmental consulting, LSRP, development, construction, energy, health & safety, and business advocacy.
Members are invited to serve as representatives of the CPES Advisory Board to aid in achieving the overall mission of CPES to provide accessible, quality, innovative and relevant educational opportunities to a diverse populations of professionals. Members are also contributors and instructors who can provide valuable insight and recommendations based on their first-hand knowledge and business experiences.
The role of the Advisory Board is to provide our organization with pertinent advice and experienced input in the following areas:
Marketing strategies and social media development
Jeff Casaletto, Esq.
Jeff Casaletto represents and advises clients in a wide range of industries, including commercial and residential developers, property owners and property managers, chemical and industrial manufacturers, private equity, and commercial business owners. A significant portion of his practice involves counseling clients, particularly private equity entities, in the purchase or sale of solid waste utilities and related regulatory compliance. Much of Jeff's practice includes counseling clients in the purchase or sale of contaminated real estate and addressing environmental compliance matters that arise in the purchase or sale of businesses.
Jeff's civil engineering background and environmental engineering background provide a unique perspective on environmental legal issues and the practical approach to achieving client goals. The practice of environmental law often involves technical issues that require the expertise and advice of technical consultants. Jeff's background enables him to better communicate and problem solve with environmental consultants and to apply a team approach to all issues, legal and technical. His ability to understand the technical aspects of his environmental matters provides clients with an opportunity to efficiently resolve their environmental issues.
NICHOLAS DeROSE, LSRP
Mr. DeRose graduated from Rutgers Newark Graduate School with a M. S. Degree in Geology in 1981. He has enjoyed a long and fruitful career in the engineering and environmental consulting fields starting in 1978 while still completing his graduate Thesis on the Couther Caribbean Tectonic Plate Boundary.
Since 1985, Nick has been employed at Langan Engineering and Environmental Services where he led the development of the firms Environmental Practice which employs over 250 professionals. He specializes in Site Remediation and the cleanup of Hazardous Waste Sites. Mr. DeRose has directed several landmark "Brownfields" projects for redevelopment of abandoned and underutilized industrial sites.
In 2008, Nick organized the Licensed Site Professional (LSP) Consultants Coalition in New Jersey in response to anticipated legislation to establish an independent LSP regulatory program for remediation cases in New Jersey. In this role, Mr. De Rose led the efforts of the Coalition in a comprehensive legal and technical review of SRRA and in ongoing meetings and discussions with key regulators and legislators. Mr. De Rose also served as the first President of the New Jersey Licensed Site Remediation Professional Association (LSRPA) which is recognized as one of the leading and most respected voices on regulatory and technical issues associated with SRRA and the LSRP Program in New Jersey.
Nick has presented testimony to a U.S. Congressional Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Hazardous Waste regarding federal barriers to environmental cleanups. In 1989, Nick participated in the first joint U.S./U.S.S.R. Symposium on Hydrology in Moscow.
Mr. De Rose has also written extensive comments and provided testimony on behalf of several professional, trade organizations and individual corporations. He also was a member of the Association of Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee E-50 on Environmental Assessment and participated in the drafting of technical guides and standards for Remedial Action Decision-Making, Risk-Based Corrective Action, Remediation by Natural Attenuation and Sustainable Brownfields Development. In addition, he has actively participated in regulatory and legislative reform processes including the Land Recycling Program (Act 2) in Pennsylvania.
Rayna Laiosa, CHMM, CPEA
Rayna Laiosa has more than 20 years of experience in EHS management, with particular focus on environmental compliance and policy | [
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. Currently, she is working for PSEG as Environmental Policy Manager focusing on waste management and site remediation issues. Since 2012, Rayna has been actively participating for PSEG with NJDEP in various stakeholder groups, including the Soil Standards workgroup, Ground Water Quality Criteria and Ground Water Use and Classification workgroups, Remedial Action Permits, and Site Remediation Advisory Group (SRAG). In addition, since 2015 Rayna has been the Technical Chair for the Remediation and Response and Tank Committees for the Utility Solid Waste Activities Group (USWAG) in Washington, DC. In 2019, Rayna was appointed as the Site Remediation Industry Network (SRIN) Chair.
In addition to her work experience, Rayna is a member of the Passaic County Brownfield Commission and Chair of the Hawthorne Environmental Commission and Green Team. Rayna was an Executive Committee Member of the former Economic Development Association of New Jersey (EDANJ), representing the Borough of Hawthorne.
Rayna holds a Masters of Engineering degree from Stevens Institute of Technology and a Bachelor of Science degree from The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey. She is a member of the Alliance of Hazardous Materials Professionals and Board of Environmental, Health, and Safety Auditor organization.
Anthony Russo is president of the Commerce and Industry Association of New Jersey (CIANJ), a business association representing the interests of more than 900 companies. In this capacity, Mr. Russo is responsible for all aspects of the association. Mr. Russo is also the CEO and publisher of COMMERCE Magazine. COMMERCE magazine is a business to business magazine with a readership of more than 40,000 professionals.
Prior to his current position, Mr. Russo served as Executive Vice President of Government Affairs and Communications for CIANJ as well as Deputy Executive Director of the National Lime Association in Washington, DC representing the interests of mining companies producing calcium oxide (aka lime) at the federal level.
Mr. Russo started his career at the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection as a senior engineer issuing water quality permits. He then spent 5 years as an environmental consultant working for two firms, GES and ERM. He began his government affairs career when he served as Director of Regulatory and Legislative Affairs for the Chemistry Council of NJ, representing chemical and pharmaceutical companies in Trenton on legislative and environmental matters.
Mr. Russo is a graduate of the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) with a degree in mechanical engineering.
Stephen J. Souza, Ph.D.
Dr. Stephen J. Souza is the Owner of Clean Waters Consulting, LLC. He is also the Founding Partner of Princeton Hydro, LLC. From its inception in 1998 through 2018, he served as President of Princeton Hydro, retiring from the company in 2019. Over the past 35 years he has dedicated his career to the management and restoration of aquatic ecosystems, in particular lakes, ponds and reservoirs.
Dr. Souza received his B.S. in 1974 from the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, his M.S. in 1976 from Rutgers University, and his Ph.D. in 1981 from the University of Connecticut.
Dr. Souza has served over the past 25 years as an instructor and course coordinator for the Rutgers NJAES Office of Continuing Professional Education, developing and implementing multiple short courses focused on the management and restoration of aquatic ecosystems. He is also an Adjunct Professor at Temple University (Ambler Campus), teaching a graduate studies course in the Department of Landscape and Horticulture (Tyler School of Art and Agriculture). Dr. Souza also conducts a professional continuing education course focusing on green infrastructure stormwater management for Continuing Professional Education Services, LLC (CPES).
Dr. Souza is a past president of the North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) as well as the Pennsylvania Lake Management Society (PALMS). He serves on the Board of Trustees of the Association of New Jersey Environmental Commissions (ANJEC). Dr. Souza achievements include the NJ-American Water Resources Association Peter J. Hom | [
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ack Award (2012), the NALMS Lake Management Success Story Award (2017), the NYS Federation of Lake Association Lake Tear of the Clouds Award (2018) and the NJ Highlands Coalition Life Time Achievement Award (2019). He is a frequent guess speaker for the NJ Coalition of Lake Associations, as well as NJDEP, NYSDEC and other entities dedicated to the protection, restoration and management of water resources. Dr. Souza is a member of American Soc Civil Engineers, American Water Works Association and American Water Resource Association.
Tracy Straka
Tracy Straka is the Executive Vice President at Creamer Environmental Inc., one of the Nation's Top 200 Environmental Firms. Ms. Straka has been with Creamer Environmental, Inc. since its inception 25 years ago, and is responsible for all aspects of the organization's operations. Ms. Straka has been involved with numerous start-ups, acquisition evaluations and corporate reorganizations, has served on and chaired many diverse boards, and actively participates in organizations that support business, environmental, women's leadership, mentoring, education and animal welfare issues. Ms. Straka also volunteers her time to mentor active duty military members who are transitioning to private sector careers. Ms. Straka is the founder and chair of the Environmental Business Council, the state's largest environmental trade association, was the first and only female to chair the Commerce and Industry Association of New Jersey, a 95-year old free enterprise business association. Ms. Straka has been the recipient of numerous awards and recognitions including: one of three Inaugural inductees to CIANJ's Environmental Hall of Fame and Recipient of their lifetime achievement award in 2019, selected by LWE as a Top 25 Leading Women Entrepreneur, Recognized by Gov. Christie as a "Woman of Influence in NJ", and named by NJBIZ as "Best 50 Women in Business. Prior to her employment with Creamer, Ms. Straka was the Vice President of a nationally recognized environmental consulting firm. As that firm's first employee, she was instrumental in its growth and success.
David Sweeney
David Sweeney had been with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection for the past twenty five years. He was the Assistant Commissioner of the Site Remediation Program which oversees the investigation and clean up of contaminated sites in New Jersey. He has recently been working on revisions to the Site Remediation Program's Technical Regulations and associated Technical Guidance documents. These efforts are related to the implementation of the Licensed Site Remediation Professional program. Prior to this he was the Chief of the Bureau of Emergency Response, a Bureau that responds to all major discharges of oil and hazardous materials in New Jersey. He became Chief of BER in the beginning of 2000. Previously he was the Bureau Chief of a group that provides technical support in the areas of geology and hydrogeology for cases in the Site Remediation Program (November 1993 to December 1999). He worked in the Bureau of State Case Management as a Section Chief and Case Manager overseeing waste site remediation from August 1988 to November 1993. His experience involves various complex site remediation cases undertaken in New Jersey including CERCLA, RCRA, ISRA, Spill Act and Voluntary clean ups.
Prior to working at DEP, Mr. Sweeney was employed by the Camden County Health Department for fourteen years. At Camden County he managed environmental programs under the County Environmental Health Act including Emergency Response and was the manager of their environmental laboratory.
Mr. Sweeney's background is in environmental science and public health with a Bachelor's degree in Natural Science. Mr. Sweeney is an instructor at Camden County Fire Academy and holds a level two instructor certification from the Division of Fire Safety. He has instructed hazardous materials courses for the New Jersey State Police and National Fire Academy.
Dennis M. Toft, Esq.
Dennis M. Toft is Chair of the Environmental Law Group with Chiesa Shahinian & Giantomasi PC. He is a renowned environmental lawyer who applies a keen understanding of science and the complexities of regulatory process when addressing the wide range of issues that his clients face. He provides counsel on all aspects | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.131852 | 0.140804 | 0.766721 | 0.444984 |
To get to and from school, walking is definitely the best option! There are many benefits: it's healthier than travelling by car, it improves the safety of pedestrians and road-users, and it respects nearby residents and parking regulations. If you do need to travel by car, please park wisely.
The school officially opens at 8.50am, however the school gates are open from 8.40am and Registration is at 9.00 am. Lessons begin promptly after registration, at 9.00 am.
At Mesne Lea, we believe that math's is best learnt through the children having a deep, conceptual understanding of a range of mathematical ideas. We challenge the children to make connections across distinct mathematical domains. We believe it is important for children to not only be able to find the answers to problems, but to be able to explain the reasoning behind their lines of enquiry using accurate mathematical vocabulary. By celebrating learning and through engaging challenges, we inspire the children to increase their fluency in maths and to become increasingly sophisticated problem solvers. We aspire to deliver the mastery of mathematics for each child in the school.
Nursery will introduce Phase 1 phonics through small focused groups and activities. Phase 1 focuses on children's abilities to tune into sounds, listen to and remember sounds and be able to talk about sounds. The activities are intended to help children to develop these skills in preparation for beginning to hear sounds (phonemes) in words. Parents can help to consolidate this at home through activities such as playing rhyming games and reading rhyming books, playing I spy, and listening to and talking about sounds in the environment.
When appropriate, the practitioners will then introduce the initial sounds from Phase 2.
Reception children will be taught Phase 2 and Phase 3 phonics. If children are capable, they will move onto Phase 4 and 5. The phonic sessions will last 20 minutes and there are also enhanced phonic activities within the indoor and outdoor environment available for the children to explore independently throughout the day. If appropriate for their stage of development, some children may go into Key Stage 1 phonics groups.
The purpose of phase 2 is to teach at least 19 letters, and move children on from oral blending and segmentation to blending and segmenting with letters. By the end of the phase many children should be able to read some VC (e.g. is, it, at) and CVC (e.g. cat, sit, dog, map) words and to spell them either using magnetic letters or by writing the letters on paper or on whiteboards. During the phase they will be introduced to reading two-syllable words and simple captions. They will also learn to read some high-frequency 'tricky' words: the, to, go, no.
The purpose of phase 3 is to teach another 25 sounds, most of them comprising two letters (e.g. th, ee, oa), so the children can represent each of about 42 sounds by a letter, digraph (2 letters) or trigraph (3 letters e.g. igh). Children also continue to practice CVC blending and segmentation in this phase and will apply their knowledge of blending and segmenting to reading and spelling simple two-syllable words and captions. They will learn letter names during this phase, learn to read some more tricky words and also begin to learn to spell some of these words.
Word walls are sent home each week for children to practice words which are appropriate to each child's stage of development, a shared reading book is also sent home which children may begin to read independently as they grow in confidence.
In Key Stage 1 children are streamed into high quality, phased phonics groups, informed by their half-termly assessments. They meet on a daily basis for 25 minutes and though phonics is taught as a discrete lesson, children have the opportunity to consolidate their learning through the continuous provision and literacy lessons in the classroom. Children are expected to complete Phase 4 and Phase 5 during Year 1 in order to meet the requirements of the phonic screening check.
The purpose of phase 4 is to consolidate children's knowledge in reading and spelling words and captions and focus on reading and spelling words with adjacent consonants (e.g. tent, clap).
The purpose of phase 5 is for children to broaden their knowledge of letters and sounds for use in reading and spelling. | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.434125 | 0.256307 | 0.062432 | 2.68761 |
As we spend more and more of our lives indoors, our physical, emotional and mental health is suffering. Turns out a good dose of fresh air can give you a lot more than a rosy glow.
For many of us, a large part of childhood was spent outdoors, climbing trees, beachcombing, catching tadpoles, making mud pies and exploring caves. Physically, this also meant rock-hopping, scrambling up and down hills, riding bikes, running, swimming and climbing.
Nature was compelling and so rich in possibilities that these activities rarely felt like exercise – they were simply fun.
Sadly, this kind of unstructured outdoor play no longer features so prominently in the lives of children. Today's kids spend less time playing outside than their parents did at the same age – a trend attributed to a more protective style of parenting and the lure of electronic devices, among other factors.
A recent study by the University of Sydney found that children on average spend 1.9 hours per day watching TV or playing the computer, while clocking only 36 minutes of daily physical activity.
The result of this largely sedentary, indoor lifestyle was described by author Richard Louv in his book Last Child in the Woods as 'nature-deficit disorder'. Though not an official medical diagnosis, the term refers to the range of health problems that can occur when children – and adults – become alienated from nature. These include a diminished use of the senses, attention difficulties, depression and obesity.
The University of Sydney study found that children as young as six are risking heart problems later in life as a result of too much downtime indoors with electronic devices, with narrowing of blood vessels behind their eyes an early warning sign of heart disease and high blood pressure. Several other studies worldwide have also found this can lead to myopia in children.
On the flip side, studies have shown that people who spend time enjoying the great outdoors reap enormous benefits in terms of their physical and mental health. We all respond well to spending time in a natural environment, whether we're suffering from nature-deficit disorder or not. Aside from the obvious positive effects of breathing fresh air and being physically active, there are benefits for the immune system and physical abilities such as balance and agility being enhanced through activities such as walking on uneven ground.
Simply looking at natural surroundings has been shown to lower blood pressure and ease muscle tension, while also heightening our sensory skills. We spend a lot of time with technology that only engages some of the senses. For example, TV only stimulates sight and hearing. When we are in nature, all our senses are engaged and we truly come to life.
Children with attention deficit disorders have also been proven to mentally benefit from outdoors time, with a recent study by Dr David Katz showing a 33 per cent reduction in medication for ADHD in children who were exercising outdoors.
Interacting with natural environments has also been found to nurture mental health by increasing our capacity to deal with stress, lifting mood and improving self-esteem. For these reasons horticulture therapy programs are increasingly being introduced into aged care homes, psychiatric hospitals and prisons.
Adult-organised sports and outdoor activities for kids are beneficial, but free play is of particular importance for brain development, imagination, dexterity and emotional and physical strength.
when children have access to trees, rocks, bushes and fallen logs their imaginations also have no bounds.
Schools that run outdoor education programmes report a range of improvements in their students' performance and wellbeing, including higher self-esteem and better concentration and communication skills, as a result of weaving positive natural experiences into their education.
Living in urban environments that lack accessible green spaces is one of the biggest factors that disconnect our modern society from nature.
Approximately 90 per cent of Australians live in cities or towns so it is heartening that many of our urban designers are increasingly switching to 'green' designs. Hopefully Australian cities will see a vast increase in bike paths, wildlife corridors and parklands in the coming years.
• Create a garden haven Planting a garden that will attract birds and insects is also a great way to engage children.
• Ditch the gym Go jogging, walking or swimming at the beach, in nearby parks or nature reserves.
• Pack a picnic Head | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 1.65001 | -0.025312 | 1.342345 | 2.424516 |
Bruins vs. Canucks Stanley Cup Betting Odds
Carrie Stroup
Sportsbook.com Stanley Cup betting odds: Line/Total: Vancouver -200, Boston +170/5.5 under -145
After outlasting the other teams in their conferences, the Boston Bruins and the Vancouver Canucks will meet in Game 1 of the Stanley Cup Finals on Wednesday at Rogers Arena in Vancouver. The Canucks are making just their third visit to the Finals in team history, while the Bruins are making their first visit since 1990.
The Bruins relied on a balanced attack of scoring and goaltending to earn 103 points during the regular season, and have showcased both in winning the Eastern Conference. Tim Thomas has been at the top of his game for the majority of the postseason, and when he has faltered (three times allowing five goals against the Lightning in the Eastern Conference Finals), he has made up for it with outstanding performances. Thomas allowed just one goal in the Bruins final three wins against the Lightning, posting a save percentage of .989 over those games, and will need to be just as sharp against the offensive-minded Canucks. Thomas has dominated Vancouver in his career, winning all three of his starts and stopping 97 of the 98 shots they have fired at him. That's a GAA of 0.33 and a save percentage of .990.
Offensively the Bruins have looked to David Krejci and Nathan Horton for goals (18 combined) and to Patrice Bergeron for outstanding overall play (4 G, 11 A). Horton and Krejci have combined for seven of Boston's 12 GW goals so far this postseason. On the downside for the Bruins, they have lost their last five Stanley Cup Finals appearances. Only Philadelphia (six straight) has lost more consecutive (current). Boston has also lost its past eight Stanley Cup Finals appearances against teams from Canada, and is 1-10 all-time against teams from Canada in the Stanley Cup Finals.
After struggling to find their offensive groove for the first two rounds of the postseason, the Canucks finally broke out against the Sharks in the Conference Finals. Vancouver averaged 4.0 goals per game last round, compared to just 2.3 in the first two series. The Brothers' Sedin enjoyed an excellent Conference Finals, combining for three goals and 15 assists. Henrik leads all players this postseason with 21 points (2 G, 19 A) and tied a Vancouver record for most points in a series when he registered 12 against the Sharks. After not scoring a goal in his first nine games this postseason, Ryan Kesler has scored seven goals in his past nine games, and is one behind Daniel Sedin for the team lead. In goal, Roberto Luongo has finally quieted his skeptics, with a Conn Smythe performance so far. Luongo has posted a 2.29 GAA, while stopping 92.2 percent of shots fired at him, and has been in goal for all 12 of the Canucks wins.
Both teams are arguably the best in each conference and this should be an excellent Stanley Cup Finals. Both teams have superb goaltending and both teams can light the lamp very well. The Canucks have won their past seven playoff series openers, which is not only a franchise record, but also the longest current streak of its kind for any NHL team. Since 1995, the only other NHL team to win seven or more consecutive Game 1s was the Red Wings with a streak of nine in a row from 2007 to 2009. Luongo has an 8-1 career record in Game 1 of a playoff series. That's the highest such winning percentage for any goaltender in NHL history with at least five decisions, surpassing Ryan Miller and Johnny Mowers, each 7-1.
- Carrie Stroup, Gambling911.com Senior Reporter
When Will the DraftKings Sports Betting App Be Available in California?
Due to conflicts among the various tribal factions, the DraftKings sports betting app is unlikely to be available in California any time soon. For now, residents and visitors alike can rely on established offshore sportsbooks, many of which have been in business since the late 1990's. | [
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HARARE - After narrowly escaping an assassination attempt in Bulawayo on Saturday, President Emmerson Mnangagwa is due to institute a top-to-bottom review of security agencies' protocols after the bombing incident exposed serious lapses in his close security.
The Daily News can exclusively report that there would be a sweeping overhaul of security agencies' advance work and protective details, better radio technology and more agents by the president's side at all times.
While the protection of the president has primarily been the autonomous duty of the Police Protection Unit (PPU), this role was delegated to the Presidential Guard, which falls under the Zimbabwe National Army, after the fall of former president Robert Mugabe in November last year.
In the wake of the November coup that toppled the long-ruling despot, there were expulsions of high-ranking Central Intelligence Organisation (CIO) officers.
In fact, the army, which deactivated other security agents as it swooped on Mugabe and his allies in a month-long operation code-named Operation Restore Legacy, dealt harshly with members of the police and CIO netted during the coup.
This frayed relations between these critical security organs which had deteriorated due to differences over the protracted Zanu PF succession wrangle.
On Saturday, there were fundamental lapses in Mnangagwa's protective security as seen in failure to conduct a thorough prior inspection of White City Stadium — the venue of Saturday's rally — and the people attending the event.
His security also allowed the president, along with his two deputies — Constantino Chiwenga and Kembo Mohadi — along with other VVIPs to leave the rally together, and failure to deploy counter-assault strategies that allowed the attacker to get away.
The undetected escape of the assassins has been blasted by analysts canvassed by the Daily News as a vivid illustration of the bungling and derelict in the security agencies' duties.
By yesterday, police were still to identify a suspect or motive behind the attacks, and the clues revealed publicly have only deepened the mystery.
Police spokesperson Charity Charamba on Sunday issued an appeal for information, offering an unspecified reward for information leading to the arrest of the perpetrator.
It's not the first time that Mnangagwa's security has been breached.
At a Zanu PF youth interface rally in Gweru earlier this month, a losing Zanu PF councillor from Masvingo, Moses Mavusa, tried to grab his hand on stage, seeking a photo opportunity.
Mnangagwa pushed him aside in a faux pas beamed live on State TV.
The Daily News understands that Mnangagwa's security detail is having a torrid time because he loves to mingle, to get in the middle of huge crowds, and feed off the energy of huge crowds.
Contacted for comment on Sunday, presidential spokesperson George Charamba told the Daily News that the White City Stadium moment left an indelible mark that will permanently change security agencies charged with protecting the president.
He admitted that it was unwise to have the president and his two deputies open to the prospect of an assassination.
"It's too ghastly a thought to contemplate," he told the Daily News.
"And I agree with you but that's the nature of star rallies, they are meant to demonstrate the unity of the leadership, that's how we have always structured them but obviously after Bulawayo, there would have to be a major rethink if not in terms of format, but certainly in terms of the security arrangement. I agree with you, really, we put all our eggs in one basket. That is not something that is normally done," Charamba said.
Charamba said there was an inter-agency security arrangement around the president.
"It's never for any one agency. The only thing that has changed and which you have seen is that the ADC is no longer coming from the police, which by the way was the original plan," Charamba said referring to the Presidential Aide De Camp (ADC).
He admitted the changes were ushered in after Operation Restore Legacy, the military intervention that ousted Mugabe in November last year.
"Well, you always review security arrangements. Let me tell you something, the role of secret service is to get the president | [
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stana-katic.net
Stana Katic Central
TV Equals Exclusive Interview
Yesterday, I had the opportunity to talk to the very charming and witty Stana Katic, one of the Emmy hopefuls this year, who plays Detective Kate Beckett on the hit ABC show Castle. She talked about the Castle season 2 cliffhanger, her approach to her character, acting tips from Nathan Fillion, whether or not Castle will be at Comic Con this year and also what TV show she would like to guest star on. Check out her interview below and enjoy!
How do you feel now that you have a second season under your belt and a third season to look forward to?
Stana Katic: It always really nice to be able to finish something as big as a full season. The year before we had a kind of half season and so to do twenty four episodes was a feat. I think that we all kind of looked at each other at the end and went, 'We really actually finished it?' So it was great.
Then to have a third one to come back to, I mean that makes it that much more special. It's kind of like a family that has finished off something and knows that we're going to go off on summer vacation and then come back together. The pressure is off and you're just excited to get going again and you're telling fun stories.
Season two ended with a cliffhanger in the sense that your character – Beckett – on the verge of expressing her feelings but didn't get to with Castle leaving.
Stana Katic: Yeah and with Castle is bringing back his ex.
Do you think that season three will offer her the opportunity to finish her thought and express herself?
Stana Katic: I don't know. I'm going to have a meeting with writer/creator tomorrow and one of the producers. So I'll find out what the arc is. So I'm not sure exactly on where they're planning on going.
Where would you like it to go?
Stana Katic: I really want to see more of Kate's private life outside of the world of solving crimes. We've seen a little bit of her house. We've seen a guy that she was kind of seeing in the precinct but everything really circles around the precinct and solving crimes. That's great because that's such a big part of her life, but I think that for any female, professional female there are also the other parts that color their lives, like, a group of friends that they have. Maybe she has a best gay-guy friend. That'd be great, adding those kinds of colorful characters to her world.
That really makes sense for anybody that's a professional, a young women in Manhattan. Then I think it'd also be really nice to meet more of her father and their relationship and see her out having fun in Manhattan in the way that Kate Beckett might. I suspect that there is legitimately a lot more Nikki Heat in her than she even necessarily up until now has led on. I think it'd be really nice as an audience, maybe outside of Castle necessarily seeing it, but being able to see it as an audience would be fun.
What was your favorite episode of season two?
Stana Katic: The two different favorite episodes, I really loved the second part of the two-parter (Titled "Boom" – Season 2, Episode 18, Aired 3/29/2010 ). I thought that was really fun. It was really great to see how the build up in the first part of it climaxed in the second of the two-parter and all the action stuff was really fun. It got dark a bit and in spite of the darkness there was a tremendous amount of humor injected here and there. I thought it was really, really neat episode and really exciting as a thing to be a part of. Of course we're exploding apartments and things like that. So all of that stuff was a fun to be a part of, doing fight sequences and all of that.
Then I really loved 'Sucker Punch' (Titled "Sucker Punch" – Season 2, Episode 13, Aired 1/18/2010). I really loved as an actor performing or delving deeper into my character. It was interesting to go into the murder that is at the thrust of why she became a detective. I think those two probably standout for me right now.
Do you feel that there's a difference in your approach to Beckett now as compared to day one with her? | [
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Stana Katic: I think that on day one you're always getting your feet wet and as we've moved forward I've been looking forward to opportunities to showcase other elements to her. I think it was really important for the creators to establish a strong, by the book kind of character initially and they had to keep that going for the first season, in many ways just because you're establishing an audience and just letting people know what the story is about.
Then from there we as a cast and as a group of writers and everyone that's involved in the creative process were able to branch off of that. So I think that through the writing I've been able to explore more vulnerable sides of Beckett as well as the strong and intelligent sides. Then also some of the central sides which I think there's always room to grow even further from that. I hope that we get a chance to do more of that in season three.
Can you talk about working with Nathan Fillion?
Stana Katic: Nathan has been kind of a bit of an older brother show. I came to the project really new. Most of my longer term experience had been with various film projects and so this was the first time that I was involved in something on a couple of months basis where it was day in and day out for many hours and then there's also the added learning curve of press and just all the extracurricular involved in launching a new show. Nathan became the go to person to be like, 'Nathan, what is this all about?' He's already done network television and even soaps and things like that.
I remember that there was this one scene in the first year where the director came up to me and said, 'Stana, I need something from you because I have an act-out here.' I didn't understand what an act-out meant. I thought that an act-out meant like a dance-off or something.
I was like, 'What? You need a barrage of thirty five reactions?' This is what I'm thinking in my head and then the director walks off and I'm like, 'Okay,' and this the first time I've worked with him and of course I'm new to being on a set for that amount of time and am feeling a little bit green. I turned to Nathan and I said, 'Nathan, what is an act-out? Does it mean to do forty different faces?' He started howling.
He said, 'No. It's like a suspended moment at the end of the scene so that they can go into commercials and come back,' and then he gave me this really great thing that I guess soap opera people have. He goes, 'There are three thoughts that soap actors have when they have to do an act out.'
It's, 'Oh my God, I think I left the stove on when I left the house today,' you give that look. Then you're thinking, 'Did I leave the stove off when I left today?' Then the third thought, 'Oh, no. I turned it off when I left the house today.' So those three thoughts can carry you through an act-out apparently.
So he's a lot of fun and obviously he's the older brother character for me as far as learning about the ins and outs of the television world.
You have an upcoming project with Richard Gere and Topher Grace called 'The Double'. Can you talk about the role you're going to play in that?
Stana Katic: I'm going to be a feisty Russian prostitute. We'll start there. This is a story about espionage and the fallout of the cold war and the Ruskie's and the American's. What I can tell you is that first of all it was a fantastic read. I mean that completely sincerely. The script was wonderful. That makes it amazing, to be a part of that project. But nobody is who they seem to be although that may sound like the cliché for any kind of spy thriller.
Truly I was blown away with some of the resolves at the end of the read. I think that my character is a part of trying to bring down this Russian crime syndicate and she's obviously one of the valuable elements to doing that. Richard Gere and Topher and she have some feisty moments. We'll put it like that.
Does that mean you're going to playing with an accent?
Stana Katic: Yes. I love working on characters that are foreign, especially working with Michael Brandt who wrote '3:10 To Yuma' and … is a fantastic creative. I think it'll be really neat | [
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because he's open to anything that an actor can bring to the table. So it would be a lot of fun.
Do you have any other projects coming out that you can talk about?
Stana Katic: I just finished filming 'For Lover's Only' with the Polish Brothers in France and it's a romance, I guess. Maybe even a romantic tragedy. I'm not sure how to term it. But it's this beautiful love story and it took us all throughout the south coast of France, northern parts, Paris. The most wonderful, creative experience I've had thus far this summer.
I'm on my way in the next couple of days to do 'The Double'. I'm looking forward to experiencing that as well but it was just beautiful. Working with these guys, they're so talented and visual. They're way of seeing the world and their way of seeing filmmaking is so inspiring. I had a really beautiful time working with them and just kind of trolling around France with this fantastic crew of creative's.
Can you confirm the rumor that the cast of 'Castle' will be at Comic Con this year?
Stana Katic: Yes. 'Castle' will be at Comic Con this year. I'm going to say yes to it. I might get in trouble but oh well.
Are you going to be there?
Stana Katic: I'm planning on being there, yes.
Have you ever been to Comic Con?
Stana Katic: No, and I would've loved to have gone for 'The Spirit'. To be able to go there with someone like Frank Miller, a project like that I think would've been really special because that is what Comic Con is. It's about comic fans. I'm not sure how 'Castle' ties into that but I think to be a part of that culture [is great].
I just went to the Xbox Premiere and not that Xbox fans wouldn't necessarily be comic book fans but there seems to be a close tie and what a fantastic group of creative individuals. Their thinking is so progressive and the possibilities are endless when you open yourself up to those kinds of worlds, whether they're the virtual worlds of gaming or the worlds of comic books. It's beautiful. So I'd love to go down there and meet a lot of those people. I think it's such a huge honor.
I'm sure you've had a lot of fan interaction but can you think of any that were particularly interesting?
Stana Katic: I had a birthday recently and I have really sweet fans. I know that some people have crazy stories but my fans seem to be really wonderfully nice. So for my birthday I got these amazing gifts. From Italy they sent a book on Caravaggio who's this amazing painter from Italy's past. It was a huge, huge fake portrayal of all of his work. I got a gift of trapeze lessons. Things like that, really creative gifts. I'm just blown away continually by the people that have kind of taken the time to watch some of the things that I do and have expressed an appreciation for it. I'm super honored by all of them.
If you could guest on any other show on television, which one would it be?
Stana Katic: I think first of all 'Breaking Bad' is outstanding. That would just be a wicked show to be a part of. Then of course 'Glee' ran into my mind but no. Even 'True Blood' or something like that, something really dark and crazy and free and a bit of the dangerous. I'd really like to do that. I think I'll rest on 'Breaking Bad' or 'True Blood' or maybe even 'Sons of Anarchy'. That would be wicked.
Stana Katic was born on April 26, 1978 in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. She's best known for her role as Detective Kate Beckett on ABC's Castle. She is also the founder of the Alternative Travel Project and has her own production company, Sine Timore Productions.
Role: Emily Byrne
Release date: Season 2 - June 14
Released On: Amazon Prime
Liberté: A Call To Spy
Role: Vera Atkins
Release date: TBD
Role: Lisa Roberts
Available On: Amazon
Role: Rachel Rozman
Available On: Amazon | iTunes
...there's something so amazing about brave vulnerability. | [
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Should you keep hold of UK investments in Portugal?
Portugal , Investments
Expatriates often prefer to keep UK investments like Premium Bonds, ISAs, savings accounts, bonds and shares, but do they make financial sense for residents of Portugal?
However well we have settled into our new lives in Portugal, most UK nationals living there maintain some British habits. Whether it is a Sunday roast, following the football or watching British soaps, there are some ties we do not want to lose.
The same often applies for UK savings and investments. While many expatriates prefer to stick with what's familiar, just how suitable are these arrangements for Portugal?
Premium Bonds and ISAs
Launched over 60 years ago, around 22 million Britons have £79 billion in Premium Bonds today. Even though they do not provide any interest earnings or capital growth – which means their value will be eroded over time by inflation – the possibility of winning a large prize continues to appeal.
According to MoneySavingExpert's Martin Lewis, while the National Lottery offers a 1 in 45 million chance of winning the jackpot, your chance of becoming a millionaire through a single Premium Bond is 1 in almost 39 billion! Even with the maximum £50,000 invested, chances are just 1 in 64,752.
Despite these slight odds, a key drawcard is that winnings have always been tax-free in the UK. However, once you are resident in Portugal, any bond winnings may become taxable here. Likewise, ISA interest and dividends become subject to Portuguese taxation (and, once non-UK resident, you can no longer make deposits).
Investment income for Portuguese residents is taxed at a flat rate of 28%, but you can opt to pay tax at the scale rates if that proves more beneficial. In this case, the income would be added to your other income for the year and taxed at rates ranging from 14.5% for income up to €7,091 to 48% for income over €80,641.
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Bank interest
Similarly, although bank interest in the UK is tax-free under a certain threshold for UK residents, it is taxable for Portuguese residents. Again, bank interest is either taxed as investment income at 28% or at the scale income tax rates.
But with over 10% of cash held in UK deposits making no interest at all, it may pay to explore alternative structures for your savings.
UK shares, securities and bonds
UK investments such as life assurance bonds, unit trusts and open-ended investment company (OEIC) funds can offer tax relief and other advantages while you are in the UK. For example, long-term UK residents benefit from a 5% tax-deferred allowance on UK investment bond withdrawals.
Once resident in Portugal, however, investments such as these attract the flat 28% tax rate and also Portuguese capital gains tax when sold. Gains are added to other income for the year and charged at the relevant Portuguese income tax rate, although inflation relief is available after two years.
See more about capital gains tax in Portugal
Tax benefits for non-habitual residents
Under the NHR scheme, certain foreign income and gains that may be taxed in the source country (under tax treaty rules) are exempt from tax in Portugal.
UK bank interest and dividends are taxable in the UK (under the UK/Portugal double tax treaty), so do not attract Portuguese taxes for non-habitual residents. This is the case even if the income is not actually taxed in the UK (as can happen under 'disregarded income' rules).
As a result, those benefitting from the non-habitual residence regime can receive UK dividends and bank interest completely tax-free. Note, however, that gains on the sale of UK shares are always taxable in Portugal.
See more about non-habitual residency
Alternative investment structures
Even outside of NHR, highly tax-efficient opportunities are available to residents of Portugal. For example, many expatriates benefit from holding capital in a structure similar to an offshore life assurance policy or bond that acts as an investment wrapper to a conventional portfolio.
The rules differ between the UK and Portugal, but the basics remain the same – no tax is payable on the underlying investment income (interest, divid | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.715341 | 0.258903 | 0.693199 | 0.689105 |
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Preliminaries}
Since the early attempts in the 60's to construct a canonical quantum
theory of general relativity, a persistent problem has been the
definition of well-defined quantum operatorial expressions for the
constraints of the theory. In particular, the realization of the
quantum Hamiltonian constraint (the Wheeler--DeWitt equation), given
its nonlinear structure in terms of momenta, has been particularly
elusive. In terms of the usual canonical variables (metric and
extrinsic curvature), the first impediment found was that the
constraint is highly non-polynomial. The introduction of the Ashtekar
variables \cite{As86} seemed to provide a natural way to construct a
polynomial expression for the Hamiltonian constraint. However, the
formalism presented two significant complications: a) the variables in
question were complex; b) the polynomial Hamiltonian constraint was a
density of weight two. The latter fact is crucial at the time of
promoting the constraint to a quantum operator. Since in a manifold
without a prescribed classical metric (as is the case in quantum
gravity where the metric is a quantum operator) the only naturally
defined density is of weight one (the Dirac delta), most attempts to
regularize \cite{RoSm90,Ga91,BrPu93,RoSm94} the Hamiltonian constraint
produced operators that exhibited dependence on external, artificial
metric structures introduced via the regularization procedure. Such
remnant dependences on fiducial metric structures almost inevitably
imply that the constraint algebra will not be properly implemented at
a quantum level. Since fiducial structures do not transform
appropriately under the action of the diffeomorphism constraint, the
net effect is to make the Hamiltonian constraint not covariant. At
most one could hope for formal consistency, when the algebra was
computed ignoring regulators \cite{GaGaPu}.
An important step forward towards solving the two problems we
mentioned above was a construction due to Thiemann \cite{QSD1}. He
realized that it was indeed possible to construct a polynomial version
of the single-densitized Hamiltonian constraint in terms of
Ashtekar-like variables. To begin with, Thiemann uses the real
connection variables introduced by Barbero \cite{Ba}, thus bypassing
the issues associated with the reality conditions of the traditional
Ashtekar formulation. Barbero's variables consist of an $SU(2)$
connection $A_a^i$ and a set of triads $\tilde{E}^a_i$ (throughout
this paper we denote density weights with tildes). The basic idea to
polynomialize the Hamiltonian constraint is the key canonical
identity,
\begin{equation}
{2 \over G} \{A_a^i,V\} = {\ut{\epsilon}
\raise2ex\hbox{$$}\,{}_{abc} \tilde{E}^b_j \tilde{E}^c_k
\epsilon^{ijk} \over \det{q}},
\end{equation}
where $G$ is Newton's constant, and, \begin{equation}
V = \int d^3x
\sqrt{\ut{\epsilon}
\raise2ex\hbox{$$}\,{}_{abc} \tilde{E}^a_i \tilde{E}^b_j \tilde{E}^c_k
\epsilon^{ijk}},
\end{equation}
is the volume element. In terms of these expressions the
singly-densitized Hamiltonian constraint can be written as a
polynomial operator. To simplify the discussion we focus on
the Hamiltonian of Euclidean general relativity (Thiemann
\cite{QSD1} has shown that an analogous construction is possible
for the Hamiltonian of the Lorentzian theory, which involves an
extra term),
\begin{equation}
\tilde{H} = {\tilde{E}^a_j \tilde{E}^a_k
\epsilon^{ijk} \over \det{q}} F_{ab}^i, \label{classh}
\end{equation}
which can therefore be written as,
\begin{equation}
\tilde{H} = {2 \over G} \{A_a^i,V\} F_{bc}^i \tilde{\epsilon}^{abc},
\end{equation}
In \cite{QSD1}, Thiemann elaborated a proposal for promoting this
expression to a quantum operator acting on diffeomorphism-invariant
wavefunctions associated with cyl | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.686812 | 2.549493 | 0.104125 | 0.896545 |
indrical functions of the
connection (see \cite{AsMaMo} for a quick, physical, description).
The latter are functions constructed by considering gauge invariant
quantities parameterized by multivalently-intersecting graphs
embedded in three dimensions, usually referred to in this context
as spin networks. On the space of cylindrical functions there are
known measures \cite{AsLe} that make states parameterized by
non-diffeomorphically-related spin networks orthogonal. The
proposed Hamiltonian constraint is strictly speaking only defined
on the diffeomorphism-invariant dual of the space of cylindrical
functions constructed using the measure we just referred to.
Thiemann's proposal fulfilled several of the usual expected
requirements for a quantized Hamiltonian constraint of general
relativity. The operator was well defined and finite (even if one
coupled the theory to matter), could be made self-adjoint in a
controlled fashion under the above mentioned measure, and was
covariant under finite diffeomorphisms in a detailed sense. Because
the operator was realized in a space of diffeomorphism-invariant
wavefunctions, the expected result for the commutator of two
Hamiltonian constraints is zero, and indeed this is the result that
is obtained. In this approach there is no implementation of the
infinitesimal generator of diffeomorphisms. Technically speaking,
Thiemann's construction constitutes one of the first-ever
consistent theories of quantum gravity. Consistency is a
prerequisite for any physically relevant theory, but is not a
sufficient condition. It is still to be understood if Thiemann's
proposal embodies the correct physics of general relativity at a
semiclassical level.
A shadow of doubt was cast on the physical relevance of Thiemann's
construction through an argument constructed by Lewandowski and Marolf
\cite{LeMa} (see also \cite{GaLeMaPu} for further
elaboration). Lewandowski and Marolf considered a different space of
wavefunctions on which to define a Hamiltonian constraint. In
particular, the new ``habitat'' (to use their terminology) contains
the diffeomorphism-invariant dual of cylindrical functions we
considered above, but also contains non-diffeomorphism invariant
functions. Better yet, the same construction one followed to promote
the Hamiltonian constraint to an operator in Thiemann's proposal is
applicable in the new habitat. However, a crucial difference that
stems from the correspondence with the classical Poisson algebra of
constraints, is that the Hamiltonian one constructs should not commute
with itself, but yield a commutator that is proportional to a
diffeomorphism (in the new habitat the diffeomorphism constraint is a
well defined operator yielding the natural geometric action). Yet, the
Hamiltonian one obtains applying Thiemann's proposal commutes with
itself, even in the habitat of non-diffeomorphism invariant states. In
fact, it was also shown that several modifications of Thiemann's
construction also produce Hamiltonians with vanishing
commutators. In addition, if one artificially modified the Hamiltonians to
yield a non-vanishing commutator, the end result did not appear to correspond
to the quantization of the right hand side of the classical commutator
\cite{GaLeMaPu}.
Notice that these arguments do not {\em prove} that Thiemann's
construction is incorrect in the diffeomorphism invariant context. It
could still be the case that in that context the theory yields the
correct semi-classical limit. In fact, Thiemann's construction in
$2+1$ dimensions seems to have the same difficulties as in $3+1$
dimensions, and still contains within its space of solutions those of
the more traditional quantizations of $2+1$ gravity\cite{QSD4}. By
carefully choosing an inner product and imposing other restrictions,
the approach can be made to yield only the usual solutions of the
$2+1$ theory. However, it is disturbing that one does not seem to find
a context where this construction reproduces the classical Poisson
algebra with a non-vanishing commutator of two Hamiltonians. The
commutativity might also have implications for the semiclassical limit
of the theory \cite{Sm96}.
In a separate set of developments, that has its roots in formal
calculations performed some time ago in the language of loops and
involving the doubly-densitized Hamiltonian
\cite{BrGaPu9 | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.785984 | 2.476817 | 0.18751 | 0.552498 |
3,BrGaPunpb,GaPubook,FoGaPu}, another space of
wavefunctions has been considered. These are the wavefunctions that
arise when one considers in the space of gauge invariant functions of
a connection the measure given by the exponential of the Chern--Simons
action. The attractiveness of these wavefunctions stems from a large
body of results in Chern--Simons theory that relates these states to
well studied knot invariants (see \cite{Gu93} for references),
including the Vassiliev invariants. In addition, the Chern--Simons
measure is in a formal sense a solution of the Hamiltonian constraint
of quantum gravity with a cosmological constant
\cite{Ko,BrGaPunpb}. Moreover, the space is quite distinct from that
of cylindrical functions in the sense that the Vassiliev invariants
take non-trivial values on infinite sets of loops (or spin networks)
whereas cylindrical functions take non-trivial values on finite sets
of spin networks. Most of the literature on these invariants, however,
has been focusing on the case of loops, whereas the context that is
of interest for quantum gravity requires the use of spin networks.
Part of the problems we had to confront were to suitably generalize
the Vassiliev invariants to the spin network context. Partial progress
along these lines, but with a different motivation, was achieved by
Kauffman and Lins \cite{KaLi} and Witten and Martin \cite{Ma}, but we
still need to elaborate on this to have an appropriate setting for
doing quantum gravity.
Why might it be interesting to consider these states in
addressing the difficulties we
discussed that appear in relation to Thiemann's Hamiltonian?
Essentially because in both the space considered by Thiemann and in
the habitat of Lewandowski and Marolf, gauge invariant operators
involving $\hat{F}_{ab}$ do not have a natural action. In spaces of
these types, the usual way to represent such an operator would be to
use the loop derivative, as is customarily in the non-diffeomorphism
invariant Yang--Mills context. However, it was soon recognized that a
conflict arises between the use of the loop derivative and the
diffeomorphism invariance of the spaces in question. To put it
naively, the action of the loop derivative ``appends a loop of
infinitesimal area'', and in a diffeomorphism invariant context there
is no meaning to ``infinitesimal area'' in terms of functions of loops
or spin nets. In the limit involved in the definition of the loop
derivative, the numerator is either zero or finite and the denominator
goes to zero. This is what one expects when one is considering what is
tantamount to a ``derivative of a step function''. The result should
be a distribution. Finding the correct distribution that represents
the operator is the main problem. In the new space we are proposing,
it turns out that the loop derivative has a well defined
distributional action, which can be derived from the definition of the
invariants in terms of the Chern-Simons formulae.
Another advantage of the kind of states we are considering is that
generically they have support on an infinite number of spin
networks. The loop representation dual of cylindrical functions has
support on a finite number of spin nets only. This might have physical
consequences. For instance, if one considers the computation of the
volume of a finite region, the result will generically vanish for the
loop representation non-diffeomorphism-invariant duals of the
cylindrical functions (unless the volume in question contains at least
one four or higher valent vertex of the finite set of spin networks
characterizing the state). For the Vassiliev invariants, the result of
the action of the volume operator of a finite region is generically
non-vanishing. Thiemann already notices this drawback of cylindrical
functions in the $2+1$ context \cite{QSD4}. Essentially, using
Vassiliev invariants is tantamount to considering infinite
superpositions of cylindrical states. To give an intuitive (and
imprecise) analogy, working with cylindrical functions is like working
with Dirac deltas in one-dimensional calculus. Working with the
Vassiliev invariants is more alike to working with ordinary smooth
functions. We will see in the companion paper that | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.625678 | 2.549493 | 0.142679 | 0.547439 |
these requirements
seem to lead to fruitful developments at least in the context of $2+1$
dimensional gravity.
Having at hand a definition for the loop derivative in this
context, one is in a much better position to achieve a more
realistic quantum operator representing the Hamiltonian constraint.
To illustrate this point, let us recall briefly Thiemann's
construction. It starts from the classical Hamiltonian
(\ref{classh}) which, introducing a simplicial decomposition in
space $\Delta$, can be written as,
\begin{equation}
H = \epsilon^{ijk} {\rm Tr}( h_{\alpha_{ij}} h^{-1}_{e_k(\Delta)}
\{ h_{e_k(\Delta)},V\}).
\end{equation}
where $h_{\alpha_{ij}}$ is a holonomy along one of the triangles of the
tetrahedra of the simplicial decomposition and $e_k$ are edges of the
triangles. This expression obviously represents the Hamiltonian
(\ref{classh}) in the limit in which the tetrahedra of the
discretization become infinitesimal, the holonomy along the closed
loop becoming $F_{ab}$ times the tangent vectors of the edges of the
triangle. This quantity is later promoted to a quantum operator,
essentially by adding hats in all the quantities involved. The
resulting operator acts in the space of diffeomorphism invariant
cylindrical functions. An important point is that in this context
there is no notion of shrinking the simplicial decomposition to
infinitesimal size. In fact, this feature allows to bypass in the
construction the evaluation of an ill defined limit (the one appearing
in the loop derivative) and to simply consider a {\em finite} holonomy
as representing $F_{ab}$. These steps are technically correct, but one
can roughly expect that if one is representing $F_{ab}$ by a finite
holonomy instead of an infinitesimal one, one would encounter
difficulties at the time of computing commutators. A finite holonomy
differs from an infinitesimal one by an infinite number of higher
order terms, that in general will have non-vanishing contributions to
commutators.
\subsection{Strategy}
In this paper we will discuss two main topics: a) the generalization
of the notion of Vassiliev invariant to the spin network context; this will
give a concrete footing to the wavefunctions we will consider in the
companion paper for the action of the Hamiltonian constraint; b)
the definition of a loop derivative and an infinitesimal generator of
diffeomorhpisms in this arena, which are key to defining the constraints
introduced in the companion paper and to the computation of the constraint
algebra.
To put this work in context, we should mention that in a previous
paper \cite{GaGrPu98} we discussed partially the generalization of
Vassiliev invariants to spin networks for the case of trivalent
intersections only. This paper expands and supersedes the discussion
of the previous one. In particular we will discuss several points
which included incorrect interpretations in our previous work. In it,
we mostly concentrated on the definition of the expectation value of a
Wilson loop based on a spin net in a Chern--Simons theory. We
conjectured how one could obtain framing independent invariants
assuming factorizability, and using the notion of primitive Vassiliev
invariants. Further work showed that one cannot really assume
factorizability for intersections of valence four and higher,
and therefore a small set
\footnote{Specifically, formulas (18) and (30) do not hold.} of the
results of our previous paper do not hold in general, but only for
trivalent intersections. We clarify these issues in the current
paper. In our previous work we also started analyzing the definition
of a diffeomorphism constraint, and, as a warm-up for our current
calculations, the definition of a doubly-densitized Hamiltonian
constraint. However, the final result was dependent on the
regularization and the additional fiducial structures it introduces,
and therefore there was no chance that the operator introduced could
have the correct commutator algebra. Nevertheless, the operator had
some appealing properties, for instance it had the expected
\cite{BrGaPunpb} solution with a cosmological constant (the suitable
generalization of the Kauffman bracket), and annihilated all states
based on trivalent intersections | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.813155 | 2.466435 | 0.323346 | 1.083747 |
\cite{GaGrPu98}.
In this paper we will extend the definition of Vassiliev invariants to
four-valent spin networks. The four valent case presents considerable
technical challenges, since most literature on spin network invariants
has heavily concentrated on trivalent vertices \cite{Wi89npb,Ma,KaLi}. In
particular the whole issue of constructing framing-independent spin
network invariants starting from Chern--Simons theory has received
virtually no attention (see \cite{GaGrPu97} for first
attempts). Notice that in principle these are the invariants of most
interest for the gravitational case, where wavefunctions are supposed
to be invariant under diffeomorphisms. The crucial need for results
involving four valent intersections stems from the fact that the
volume operator vanishes on states with trivalent intersections. We
will also see, in the companion paper, that the Hamiltonian constraint
vanishes on the framing independent Vassiliev invariants based on
trivalent intersections (we will, however, be able to do calculations
involving the Hamiltonian constraint on related types of wavefunctions
on which the action is non-vanishing even for trivalent spin
networks). We will also show that one can introduce ambient and
regular isotopic invariants in this context, that they are loop
differentiable, and that one can define a suitable diffeomorphism
constraint (infinitesimal generator of diffeomorphisms) on them. We
will also present explicit Feynman-diagrammatic expressions for the
Vassiliev invariants and show that they are finite and well defined
for spin networks. The latter definition has as a by-product that one
can explicitly compute the loop derivative of these invariants without
recurring to formal manipulations involving the path integral.
In the companion paper we will further elaborate by defining a
single-densitized version of the Hamiltonian constraint in terms of
the loop derivative we define here, we will present several
non-diffeomorphism invariant ``habitats'' where the diffeomorphism
constraint is non-vanishing and we will discuss in detail the
constraint algebra, showing that no anomalies are present. We also
discuss a first application of this construction in the $2+1$
dimensional context.
The organization of this paper is as follows. In the next section
we will briefly introduce the notion of Vassiliev invariants in the
context of ordinary loops. In section III we will discuss in detail
the generalization of Vassiliev invariants to (up to four-valent)
spin-networks and show that one can construct both ambient an regular
isotopic invariants. In section IV we will analyze the loop
differentiability of the invariants and the definition of an
infinitesimal generator of diffeomorphisms on them (diffeomorphism
constraint). We will summarize the results and conclusions
in section V, and also we include an appendix where the action of
the loop derivative over framing independent Vassiliev invariants
is studied.
\section{Vassiliev invariants for loops}
\subsection{Review of perturbative Chern-Simons theory for ordinary
loops}
We start by recalling several results we will need from ordinary
loops in order to generalize them later to spin networks. It
is well known that in the context of loops, the expectation value of a
Wilson loop (trace of the holonomy) in a quantum Chern-Simons theory
is related to Vassiliev invariants \cite{BaNa,KaBa}. This expectation
value can be evaluated in various ways. One possible strategy is to
evaluate it perturbatively, taking advantage of the
fact that Chern-Simons theories are perturbatively renormalizable
\cite{GuMaMi}. In fact, it is in the perturbative context where
Vassiliev invariants arise in the most natural way. Let us therefore
consider the expectation value of a Wilson loop $W_A(\gamma) = {\rm
Tr(P}\exp \oint_\gamma dy^a A_a(y))$, where $\gamma$ is a loop in three
dimensions \footnote{The constant $\kappa$ is more commonly written as
$\kappa=4\pi i/k$, where $k$ is usually taken as an integer for the
expression to be invariant under large gauge transformations.},
\begin{equation}
<W(\gamma)> = | [
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13,
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29905,
2042,
29912,
29963,
465,
309,
10384,
15939,
1934,
363,
12104,
29913,
13,
13,
29905,
7235,
29912,
1123,
1493,
310,
22786,
1230,
678,
824,
29899,
8942,
787,
6368,
363,
29871,
15311,
13,
417,
3554,
29913,
13,
13,
4806,
1369,
491,
17386,
292,
3196,
2582,
591,
674,
817,
515,
15311,
13,
417,
3554,
297,
1797,
304,
2498,
675,
963,
2678,
304,
10917,
14379,
29889,
29871,
739,
13,
275,
1532,
2998,
393,
297,
278,
3030,
310,
12104,
29892,
278,
23227,
995,
310,
263,
13,
29594,
1100,
2425,
313,
15003,
310,
278,
8753,
21926,
29897,
297,
263,
12101,
678,
824,
29899,
8942,
787,
6368,
13,
275,
4475,
304,
478,
465,
309,
10384,
15939,
1934,
320,
2036,
29912,
29933,
29874,
13695,
29892,
29968,
29874,
29933,
29874,
1836,
910,
23227,
13,
1767,
508,
367,
19030,
297,
5164,
5837,
29889,
3118,
1950,
13705,
338,
304,
13,
24219,
403,
372,
22786,
6703,
29892,
5622,
10631,
310,
278,
13,
17028,
393,
678,
824,
29899,
8942,
787,
25841,
526,
22786,
6703,
4325,
2759,
13902,
13,
29905,
2036,
29912,
9485,
21870,
29924,
29875,
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2114,
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3030,
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502,
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13,
3200,
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2919,
22931,
29304,
29889,
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13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
29966,
29956,
1194,
4283,
15410,
353
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.55911 | 2.497582 | 0.570811 | 1.129282 |
\int DA W_A(\gamma) e^{-{1 \over \kappa} S_{CS}(A)}
\equiv E(\gamma,\kappa,G),
\end{equation}
and,
\begin{equation}
S_{CS}(A) = \int d^3 x {\rm Tr}(A\wedge \partial A +
{2 \over 3} A \wedge A \wedge A),
\end{equation}
This construction defines a regular isotopic knot invariant
\footnote{We are using the following
normalization for the Lie algebra generators
$A_a(x)=A_{ax}^{\alpha}T^{\alpha}$: ${\rm
Tr}[T^{\alpha}T^{\beta}]=\delta^{\alpha\beta}/2$, and $[T^{\alpha},
T^{\beta}]=if^{\alpha\beta\gamma}T^{\gamma}$ with
$f^{\alpha\beta\gamma}$ the structure constants of the group G.}
$E(\gamma,\kappa,G)$.
This invariant is given by a power series in $\kappa$ and depends
on the gauge group $G$ of the Chern--Simons theory in question. For
$G=SU(2)$ the invariant that appears is (up to a normalization
factor) the Kauffman bracket knot polynomial evaluated for a
particular value of its variable $q= \exp(\kappa)$. One recovers
the power series if one expands the polynomial in terms of
$\kappa$. The coefficients of the power series expansion are linear
combinations of Vassiliev knot invariants\footnote{Originally,
Vassiliev invariants were only considered for the ambient isotopic
case, a straightforward generalization can be done for regular
isotopy (framing dependent invariants).}.
To evaluate the path integral perturbatively, one needs to fix a gauge
and introduce ghosts. It has been established \cite{GuMaMiplb} that if
one considers up to three-point functions, the contributions of the
ghosts produce no radiative corrections. We will therefore ignore them
here, since at the order of perturbation we will work they play no
role. Explicit calculations of the Feynman diagrams
up to higher orders including ghost
contributions are available in the literature in the context of loops
\cite{GuMaMiplb}. The first relevant Feynman diagram for this theory
corresponds to the two point Green function,
\begin{equation}
<A_a^{\alpha}(x)A_b^{\beta}(y)> =
\kappa (\delta^{\alpha\beta})( g_{ax\,by})=\kappa
(\,\raisebox{-3mm}{\psfig{file=dot2.eps,height=5mm}}\,)
(\,\raisebox{-3mm}{\psfig{file=prop.eps,height=6mm}}\,).
\end{equation}
The wavy line represents the propagator,
\begin{equation}
g_{ax\,by}\equiv\frac{1}{4\pi}
\epsilon_{abc} {(x-y)^c\over |x-y|^3},
\end{equation}
and the dotted line represents the invariant tensor
$\delta^{\alpha\beta}$. We also have the vertex,
\begin{equation}
{1 \over \kappa} (i f_{\alpha\beta\gamma})(-\epsilon^{abc}\int d^3x)
={1\over \kappa}
(\,\raisebox{-11mm}{\psfig{file=vertdot.eps,height=20mm}}\,)
(\,\raisebox{-10.5mm}{\psfig{file=prueba2.eps,height=20mm}}\,),
\end{equation}
The Lie algebra generators $T^{(R)}_{\alpha}$ (in a given
representation $R$ associated with the weight of the line going from
$A$ to $B$ in the spin net) are represented by the following diagram,
\begin{equation}
(T^{(R)}_{\alpha})^A_B=
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=gen2.eps,height=11mm}},
\end{equation}
and from now on we will drop the superscript $(R)$ in the
understanding that it is obvious that the $T$'s are representation
dependent. In order to evaluate the expectation value of the Wilson
loop, we start by considering the expansion of the path-ordered
exponential,
\begin{ | [
320,
524,
21330,
399,
29918,
29909,
1194,
4283,
29897,
321,
3426,
29912,
29896,
320,
957,
320,
9876,
29913,
317,
648,
9295,
2119,
29909,
2915,
13,
29905,
9402,
382,
1194,
4283,
2053,
9876,
29892,
29954,
511,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
392,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
29903,
648,
9295,
2119,
29909,
29897,
353,
320,
524,
270,
29985,
29941,
921,
2802,
1758,
1605,
2119,
29909,
29905,
17864,
320,
3846,
319,
718,
13,
29912,
29906,
320,
957,
29871,
29941,
29913,
319,
320,
17864,
319,
320,
17864,
319,
511,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
4013,
7632,
17645,
263,
4943,
338,
327,
459,
293,
889,
327,
22619,
13,
29905,
20273,
29912,
4806,
526,
773,
278,
1494,
13,
8945,
2133,
363,
278,
7326,
9623,
1176,
4097,
13,
29938,
29909,
29918,
29874,
29898,
29916,
3892,
29909,
648,
1165,
6292,
2312,
29913,
29911,
3311,
2312,
1042,
29901,
7555,
1758,
13,
2308,
4400,
29911,
3311,
2312,
29913,
29911,
3311,
3571,
6525,
2013,
4181,
3311,
2312,
29905,
3571,
6822,
29906,
1628,
322,
11970,
29911,
3311,
2312,
1118,
13,
29911,
3311,
3571,
6525,
29922,
361,
3311,
2312,
29905,
3571,
29905,
4283,
29913,
29911,
3311,
4283,
1042,
411,
13,
29938,
29888,
3311,
2312,
29905,
3571,
29905,
4283,
1042,
278,
3829,
17727,
310,
278,
2318,
402,
5003,
29871,
13,
29938,
29923,
1194,
4283,
2053,
9876,
29892,
29954,
4935,
13,
4013,
22619,
338,
2183,
491,
263,
3081,
3652,
297,
779,
9876,
29938,
322,
7111,
13,
265,
278,
22931,
2318,
395,
29954,
29938,
310,
278,
678,
824,
489,
8942,
787,
6368,
297,
1139,
29889,
1152,
13,
29938,
29954,
29922,
14605,
29898,
29906,
1262,
278,
22619,
393,
5692,
338,
313,
786,
304,
263,
4226,
2133,
13,
19790,
29897,
278,
476,
28411,
1171,
4105,
3522,
889,
327,
10159,
19030,
363,
263,
13,
1595,
16311,
995,
310,
967,
2286,
395,
29939,
29922,
320,
4548,
1194,
9876,
4935,
3118,
337,
1111,
874,
13,
1552,
3081,
3652,
565,
697,
1518,
4167,
278,
10159,
297,
4958,
310,
13,
4535,
9876,
1504,
450,
16127,
310,
278,
3081,
3652,
13184,
526,
5608,
13,
510,
2109,
800,
310,
478,
465,
309,
10384,
889,
327,
15939,
1934,
29905,
20273,
29912,
23182,
635,
29892,
13,
29963,
465,
309,
10384,
15939,
1934,
892,
871,
5545,
363,
278,
25040,
338,
327,
459,
293,
13,
4878,
29892,
263,
20837,
2498,
2133,
508,
367,
2309,
363,
4943,
13,
275,
327,
2270,
313,
1341,
11500,
14278,
15939,
1934,
467,
1836,
13,
13,
1762,
14707,
278,
2224,
10160,
22786,
6703,
29892,
697,
4225,
304,
2329,
263,
22931,
13,
392,
14944,
330,
23525,
29889,
739,
756,
1063,
7841,
320,
2036,
29912,
9485,
21870,
29924,
29875,
572,
29890,
29913,
393,
565,
13,
650,
1136,
11376,
701,
304,
2211,
29899,
3149,
3168,
29892,
278,
20706,
310,
278,
13,
29887,
23525,
7738,
694,
17937,
1230,
14515,
1953,
29889,
1334,
674,
5480,
11455,
963,
13,
4150,
29892,
1951,
472,
278,
1797,
310,
22786,
362,
591,
674,
664,
896,
1708,
694,
13,
12154,
29889,
12027,
4019,
17203,
310,
278,
5169,
948,
1171,
7936,
25402,
29871,
13,
786,
304,
6133,
11299,
3704,
330,
3069,
13,
1285,
3224,
29879,
526,
3625,
297,
278,
12845,
297,
278,
3030,
310,
12104,
13,
29905,
2036,
29912,
9485,
21870,
29924,
29875,
572,
29890,
1836,
450,
937,
8018,
5169,
948,
1171,
13722,
363,
445,
6368,
13,
2616,
3636,
29879,
304,
278,
1023,
1298,
7646,
740,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
29966,
29909,
29918,
29874,
3311,
2312,
2119,
29916,
29897,
29909,
29918,
29890,
3311,
3571,
2119,
29891,
15410,
353,
259,
13,
29905,
9876,
3441,
4181,
3311,
2312,
29905,
3571,
1800,
29898,
330,
648,
1165,
5940,
1609,
1800,
2013,
9876,
13,
1194,
2053,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29941,
4317,
3331,
567,
1003,
29912,
1445,
29922,
6333,
29906,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29945,
4317,
4229,
29892,
29897,
13,
1194,
2053,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29941,
4317,
3331,
567,
1003,
29912,
1445,
29922,
7728,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29953,
4317,
4229,
29892,
467,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
1576,
281,
5301,
1196,
11524,
278,
13089,
1061,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
29887,
648,
1165,
5940,
1609,
1012,
9402,
29905,
1154,
29912,
29896,
1157,
29946,
29905,
1631,
29913,
13,
29905,
5463,
648,
10736,
29913,
426,
29898,
29916,
29899,
29891,
4887,
29883,
29905,
957,
891,
29916,
29899,
29891,
15333,
29941,
1118,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
392,
278,
270,
15048,
1196,
11524,
278,
22619,
12489,
13,
4535,
4181,
3311,
2312,
29905,
3571,
4311,
1334,
884,
505,
278,
12688,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
29912,
29896,
320,
957,
320,
9876,
29913,
313,
29875,
285,
1665,
2312,
29905,
3571,
29905,
4283,
1800,
29898,
2612,
5463,
998,
10736,
1012,
524,
270,
29985,
29941,
29916,
29897,
13,
3790,
29896,
29905,
957,
320,
9876,
29913,
13,
1194,
2053,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29896,
29896,
4317,
3331,
567,
1003,
29912,
1445,
29922,
369,
1594,
327,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29906,
29900,
4317,
4229,
29892,
29897,
13,
1194,
2053,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29945,
4317,
3331,
567,
1003,
29912,
1445,
29922,
558,
434,
2291,
29906,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29906,
29900,
4317,
4229,
29892,
511,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
1576,
7326,
9623,
1176,
4097,
395,
29911,
7650,
29934,
2915,
1665,
2312,
1042,
313,
262,
263,
2183,
13,
276,
26081,
395,
29934,
29938,
6942,
411,
278,
7688,
310,
278,
1196,
2675,
515,
13,
29938,
29909,
29938,
304,
395,
29933,
29938,
297,
278,
10917,
7787,
29897,
526,
9875,
491,
278,
1494,
13722,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
29898,
29911,
7650,
29934,
2915,
1665,
2312,
28813,
29909,
29918,
29933,
29922,
13,
29905,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29945,
4317,
3331,
567,
1003,
29912,
1445,
29922,
1885,
29906,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29896,
29896,
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13,
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355,
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29913,
13,
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393,
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512,
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23227,
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310,
278,
13015,
13,
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29892,
591,
1369,
491,
13858,
278,
13184,
310,
278,
2224,
29899,
21693,
13,
735,
1112,
2556,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.328159 | 2.663698 | 0.235927 | 0.524671 |
eqnarray}
W_A(\gamma) &=&{\rm Tr}\left[ 1 + \oint_\gamma dx^a A_a(x) +
\oint_\gamma dx^a
\int_o^x dy^b A_b(y) A_a(x) \right. \nonumber\\
&&\left. + \oint_\gamma dx^a \int_o^x dy^b \int_o^y
dz^c A_c(z)A_b(y)A_a(x)+\cdots\right].\label{patho}
\end{eqnarray}
If one takes the expectation value of the left hand side, one obtains
in the right hand side a power series in terms of $\kappa$. To zeroth
order one gets,
\begin{equation}
<W(\gamma)>^{(0)} = {\rm dim} R_G,
\end{equation}
which is the dimension of the representation of the group $G$ we are
considering. To first order in $\kappa$ we get,
\begin{equation}
<W(\gamma)>^{(1)} =
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=gaupun.eps,height=15mm}}\,\,
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=gauond.eps,height=15mm}}\,\,\equiv
r_{11} \alpha^{11}(\gamma)\,,
\end{equation}
where the bold face line represents the Wilson loop $\gamma$, and,
\begin{equation}
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=gaupun.eps,height=15mm}}=
{\rm Tr}[T_{\alpha} T_{\beta}] \delta^{\alpha\beta},
\end{equation}
and,
\begin{equation}\label{numero}
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=gauond.eps,height=15mm}}\,\, =
\oint_\gamma dx^a \int_o^x dy^b \,g_{ab}(x,y)=
{1 \over 8 \pi} \oint_\gamma dx^a \oint_\gamma dy^b \epsilon_{abc}
{(x-y)^c\over |x-y|^3}\equiv\varphi(\gamma).\label{linknumb}
\end{equation}
The first order contribution factorizes in the product of two
factors\footnote{We use a double index notation because at a given
order there usually appear more than one factor. The first index
denotes the order in the expansion in $\kappa$, the second denotes
which factor within a given order.}: $r_{11}$, which is group and
representation dependent, and $\alpha^{11}(\gamma)$, which depends
only on integrals of the propagator along the Wilson line. They
are called respectively the ``group'' and the ``geometric''
factors. The group factors are given in general by the trace of a
product of Lie algebra generators contracted with the invariant
tensors of the group. They can be thought of as the insertion at
points in the Wilson line of the Lie algebra generators, and the
evaluation of the resulting net for a flat connection. This
diagrammatic representation of the group factors is usually called a
``chord diagram''. The geometric factor $\alpha^{11}(\gamma)$
corresponds to the self-linking number $\varphi(\gamma)$ of the
loop. The factorization in terms of a group and a geometric factor is a
general property of the perturbative expansion of $<W(\gamma)>$.
For second order in $\kappa$ we have the following contributions,
\begin{equation}\label{2orden}
<W(\gamma)>^{(2)} =
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=cir2parp.eps,height=15mm}}\,\,
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=parond.eps,height=15mm}}
+\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=cruzpun.eps,height=15mm}}\,\,
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=circ2cru.eps,height=15mm}}
+\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=cir2trip.eps,height=15mm}}\,\,
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=circ2tri.eps,height=15mm}}\,,
\end{equation}
with,
| [
9441,
29913,
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29956,
29918,
29909,
1194,
4283,
29897,
7878,
29987,
741,
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390,
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9927,
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585,
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4317,
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648,
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320,
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370,
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3892,
13,
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320,
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472,
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297,
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13089,
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13015,
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29889,
2688,
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598,
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4954,
479,
14066,
4907,
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17028,
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29889,
450,
2318,
13879,
526,
2183,
297,
2498,
491,
278,
9637,
310,
263,
13,
4704,
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7326,
9623,
1176,
4097,
8078,
287,
411,
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22619,
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575,
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278,
2318,
29889,
2688,
508,
367,
2714,
310,
408,
278,
4635,
291,
472,
13,
9748,
297,
278,
13015,
1196,
310,
278,
7326,
9623,
1176,
4097,
29892,
322,
278,
13,
24219,
362,
310,
278,
9819,
7787,
363,
263,
12151,
3957,
29889,
910,
13,
6051,
14442,
29885,
2454,
8954,
310,
278,
2318,
13879,
338,
5491,
2000,
263,
13,
16159,
305,
536,
13722,
29915,
4286,
450,
26224,
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2312,
998,
29896,
29896,
4678,
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1262,
13,
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3636,
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304,
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2324,
292,
1353,
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13,
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450,
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2133,
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263,
13,
17492,
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395,
29966,
29956,
1194,
4283,
15410,
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13,
13,
2831,
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29938,
591,
505,
278,
1494,
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29892,
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29912,
2573,
1012,
1643,
29912,
29906,
10934,
29913,
13,
29966,
29956,
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567,
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1445,
29922,
19052,
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29886,
29889,
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8499,
29955,
4317,
3331,
567,
1003,
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862,
898,
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8961,
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3545,
29922,
29896,
29945,
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930,
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29955,
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3331,
567,
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3331,
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13
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.223171 | 2.279554 | -0.739587 | -0.038199 |
\begin{eqnarray}
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=cir2parp.eps,height=15mm}} &=&
{\rm Tr}[T_{\alpha} T^{\alpha} T_{\beta} T^{\beta}]\equiv r_{21},\\
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=cruzpun.eps,height=15mm}} &=&
{\rm Tr}[T_{\alpha} T_{\beta} T^{\alpha} T^{\beta}],\\
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=cir2trip.eps,height=15mm}} &=&
{\rm Tr}[T_{\alpha} T_{\beta} T_{\gamma}] if^{\alpha\beta\gamma}
\equiv r_{22}.\label{3pgfloop}
\end{eqnarray}
The analytic expression of the geometric factors are obtained
directly from the diagrammatic representation. For example,
\begin{equation}
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=circ2cru.eps,height=15mm}}={1\over 4}
[\oint_\gamma dx^a \int_o^x du^b \int_o^u
dy^c \int_o^y dw^d g_{ac}(x,y)g_{bd}(u,w)+ \mbox{\footnotesize{c.p.
}}],
\end{equation}
where $c.p.$ means to consider terms obtained by cyclic permutations
of the first term in the indices $(ax)(bu)(cy)(dw)$.
The three chord diagrams included in (\ref{2orden}) are
not all independent. They are related by the so called ``STU''
relations \cite{BaNa},
\begin{equation}
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=cruzpun.eps,height=15mm}}=
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=cir2parp.eps,height=15mm}}+
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=cir2trip.eps,height=15mm}}\,,
\label{stu}
\end{equation}
which stems from the commutation relation of the group generators.
These relations allow to eliminate all overlapping diagram in terms
of a combination of non-overlapping diagrams. Proceeding in this
way one can define a canonical basis for the group factors
\cite{AlLaPe}. In terms of this basis, the second order
contribution can be written in the following way,
\begin{equation}
<W(\gamma)>^{(2)}=
r_{21} {1 \over 2} [\alpha^{11}(\gamma)]^2+r_{22}
\alpha^{22}(\gamma),\label{invloops}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\alpha^{22}(\gamma)\equiv
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=circ2tri.eps,height=15mm}}\,\, +
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=circ2cru.eps,height=15mm}}\,.\label{17}
\end{equation}
In the above result two things should be noticed. The first is
that, via the application of the STU relations, the geometric
factors associated with the independent group factors will include
in general a contribution coming from the overlapping diagrams. In
particular, the combination of geometric factors associated with
$r_{21}$ factorizes in a product of first order contributions,
\begin{equation}
\alpha^{21}(\gamma)\equiv
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=parond.eps,height=15mm}}\,\, +
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=circ2cru.eps,height=15mm}}={1\over
2}\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=gauond.eps,height=15mm}}^2
\label{factloop}
\end{equation}
Moreover, applying recoupling \cite{DeRo} identities
\footnote{For general results about the
application of recoupling theory to the factorization property of
group factors, see equations (\ref{fierz}) and (\ref{recoup})
below.} one can show that
\begin{equation}
r_{21}=\frac{1}{ | [
29905,
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29912,
9441,
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774,
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6034,
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7240,
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8264,
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1270,
5033,
28012,
4935,
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297,
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599,
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577,
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1445,
29922,
29883,
582,
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29886,
348,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29896,
29945,
4317,
28419,
13,
29905,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29955,
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.191648 | 2.08229 | -0.376739 | 0.169241 |
<W(\gamma)>^{(0)}}[r_{11}]^2,
\end{equation}
so the first term in (\ref{invloops}) equals the square of the
first order contribution $[W(\gamma)>^{(1)}]^2/2<W(\gamma)>^{(0)}$.
The second observation is that, as $r_{ij}$ depend on the group and
representation chosen, this implies that the geometric factors
$\alpha^{ij}(\gamma)$ embody the invariance under diffeomorphisms
individually. That is, each $\alpha^{ij}(\gamma)$ is an independent
knot invariant. We can also reach some conclusions concerning the
nature of the constructed invariants. In principle, the integrals
involving wavy lines have to be regularized to avoid having
propagators with two of their ends evaluated at the same point
\cite{GuMaMi}. In the context of knot theory this regularization
corresponds to a framing of the knot. A possible framing consists,
for instance, in prescribing a copy of the loop infinitesimally
displaced away from the original one along a vector field on the
manifold, and evaluating the various integrals along the separate
loops. This procedure is not needed for all invariants. For instance,
if we in detail look at $\alpha^{22}(\gamma)$ we notice that in the
evaluation of the integrals involved, the two ends of each propagator
can never coincide. In the first term, one of the ends is always at
the vertex, in the second term the ordering of the integrals prevents
the ends from coinciding, if they do, one of the accompanying
integrals is evaluated along a loop of zero length and vanishes. We
refer to this case as saying that there are no ``collapsible''
propagators. The invariants that do not require the framing procedure
are true diffeomorphism invariants of loops, and are called in the
knot theory language {\em ambient} isotopic invariants. The invariants
that require of the framing procedure are invariants of ``ribbons''
(instead of loops), and are called {\em regular} isotopic invariants.
The explicit expressions for the higher order contributions
are progressively more complicated as $\kappa$ increases.
However, at any order one can apply essentially the same procedure
we discussed above to isolate the independent group factors, and
the geometric factors associated with them. The
expectation value can therefore be generically written as,
\begin{equation}
<W(\gamma)> = \sum_{i=0}^\infty \sum_{j=1}^{d_i} r_{ij}
\alpha^{ij}(\gamma) \kappa^i \,,
\end{equation}
where $d_i$ is the number of independent invariants at order
$\kappa^i$. The invariant associated with $<W(\gamma)>$ is a
regular isotopic invariant, that is, it is framing dependent. One
can extract the framing dependence in terms of an overall phase
factor \cite{Wi89cmp}, and be left with a framing independent
invariant $J(\gamma)$ defined by,
\begin{equation}
\exp\left(-\kappa{<W(\gamma)>^{(1)} \over <W(\gamma)>^{(0)}}\right)
<W(\gamma)> = J(\gamma).\label{expon}
\end{equation}
For the case of $SU(2)$, $J(\gamma)$ is the Jones polynomial for a
particular value of its variable $q=\exp(\kappa)$ and expanded as a
power series in terms of $\kappa$. We will return to this issue in
terms of spin networks later.
\subsection{Vassiliev invariants}
Let us now show that the invariants that appear at order $\kappa^i$
in the perturbative evaluation of the expectation value of the
Wilson loop are Vassiliev invariants of order $i$.
This is a well known
result in the case of ordinary loops (see for instance
\cite{KaBa}). To do this, we recall the definition of Vassiliev
invariants \cite{Va}. Given a knot invariant $v^n(\gamma)$, one starts
by introducing a ``Vassiliev'' intersection (which we will illustrate
with a black square in diagrams), defined as,
\begin{equation}
v^n(\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{ | [
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327,
22619,
395,
29894,
29985,
29876,
1194,
4283,
5767,
697,
8665,
13,
1609,
4547,
3277,
263,
4954,
29963,
465,
309,
10384,
4907,
17686,
313,
4716,
591,
674,
28475,
13,
2541,
263,
4628,
6862,
297,
7936,
25402,
511,
3342,
408,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
29894,
29985,
29876,
1194,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29955,
4317,
3331,
567,
1003,
29912
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.499334 | 2.248407 | -0.194447 | 0.567677 |
file=vasint.eps,height=15mm}}) \equiv
v^n(\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=upcross.eps,height=15mm}}) -
v^n(\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=dwcross.eps,height=15mm}}).
\end{equation}
The invariant $v^n(\gamma)$ is called {\em Vassiliev invariant of
order $n$}, if and only if when evaluated with any knot with $n+1$
Vassiliev intersections, it vanishes. One can immediately see that it
also vanishes for all knots containing more than $n+1$ intersections.
This is the reason the invariants are sometimes called ``of finite
type''. This is also related to the observation that the Vassiliev
intersection can be viewed as the action of a differential operator.
We will see later on that this abstract differential operation ends
up remarkably being link to the loop derivative.
To see that the invariants we constructed via perturbation theory are
Vassiliev invariants, we need certain properties of the path integral
that can be derived by variational techniques
\cite{Sm88,CoGuMaMi,BrGaPunpb,KaBa,GaPucmp}. For the sake of brevity we will
not repeat the whole argument here. We will just recall that one can
convert an upper in an under crossing in the expectation value by
considering the action of the loop derivative (which appends a small
loop). If one does this, one derives the following identity,
\begin{equation}
<W(\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=vasint.eps,height=15mm}})> \equiv
<W(\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=upcross.eps,height=15mm}})> -
<W(\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=dwcross.eps,height=15mm}})> =
\kappa <h(\gamma_1) T_{\alpha} h(\gamma_2) T^{\alpha}> +O(\kappa^2)
\end{equation}
The meaning of this equation is as follows: any crossing divides
a loop $\gamma$ into two subloops, $\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$, according
the connectivity of the loop. The invariant
of the right is constructed replacing the holonomy along the whole
loop by a holonomy divided into the subloops with insertions of the
Lie algebra generators. If one now considers $n$ Vassiliev
intersections, one can repeat the above construction for each
intersection, i.e.,
\begin{equation}
<W(\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=vasint.eps,height=15mm}},\stackrel{n
\,times}{\ldots},\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=vasint.eps,height=15mm}})>
= \kappa^n <h(\gamma_1) T_{\alpha_1} h(\gamma_2)
T_{\alpha_2} \cdots h(\gamma_k)
T^{\alpha_1}h(\gamma_{k+1})\ldots>+O(\kappa^{n+1}),
\end{equation}
where now $\gamma_1, \gamma_2, \ldots$ are the arcs that join one
crossing with the following. The generators are inserted in each
crossing starting from the origin. Notice that each crossing is
traversed twice, and that the two generators associated with a given
crossing are contracted between themselves. We see that the left
hand side of the above equation has vanishing coefficients up to
order $n$, that is, the coefficients of the expansion up to order
$n$ behave like Vassiliev invariants of order equal or less than
$n$. A similar behavior is observed for the case of spin networks.
\section{Vassiliev invariants for spin networks}
\subsection{Diagrammatic notation for the expectation value of a
Wilson net}
A spin network \cite{RoSm95} is constructed considering a graph
$\Gamma$ (with multivalent intersections) embedded in a three
dimensional manifold. The graph is composed by a set of edges
$\{e_j\},\,(j=1,\ldots,N(\Gamma))$, which are analytic oriented
open paths that intersect only in the initial and final points. The
intersection point | [
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450,
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1298
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.073435 | 2.103055 | -0.384977 | 0.446249 |
of three (or more) edges defines a tri (or
multivalent) vertex $v$. We denote $N(\Gamma)$ the number of edges,
and $V(\Gamma)$ the number of vertices of the graph. Associated
with each edge $e_i$ in the graph is a representation labelled by
$J_i$ of an element of the gauge group $G$. For instance, given a
connection, one can construct these elements by considering the
holonomy along the given edge in a given representation. The group
elements are ``intertwined'' into gauge invariant objects through
contraction at the vertices of the network with the invariant
tensors of the group. Given a graph $\Gamma$ and an assignment
$\vec{J}=(J_1,\ldots,J_{N(\Gamma)})$ of representations to each edge
plus a set of intertwiners $\vec{I}=(I_1, \ldots,I_{V(\Gamma)})$,
one can construct starting from a connection an object we call
``Wilson net'', $W_A (s)\equiv W_A (\Gamma,\vec{I},\vec{J})$, in
the following way,
\begin{equation}\label{wnet}
W_A (s)\equiv \left[ \prod_v {I_v}^{C_1\ldots C_{n_v}}_{B_1\ldots
B_{m_v}}\right]\left[\prod_e
U(e)^{B_e}_{C_e}\right].
\end{equation}
We will use the compact notation $s$ denoting the graph,
intertwiners and spin weights together. In the above expression,
all the matrix indices of the holonomies $U(e)$ are contracted with
the indices of the intertwiners $I_v$ in a way which depends on
the connectivity of the net. The edges of the net are oriented
according to the following conventions,
\begin{equation}
U(e)^{B_e}_{C_e}= \raisebox{-11mm}{\psfig{file=hol.eps,height=22mm}},
\end{equation}
and,
\begin{equation}
{I_v}^{C_1\ldots C_{n_v}}_{B_1\ldots B_{m_v}}=
\raisebox{-11mm}{\psfig{file=intert.eps,height=22mm}}.
\end{equation}
The invariant tensor ${I_v}^{C_1\ldots C_{n_v}}_{B_1\ldots
B_{m_v}}$ can be expressed in a basis of $n_v+m_v-2$ Clebsch-Gordan
intertwiners\footnote{In general, a $n+m$-valent intersection can
be thought of as the limit where the intermediate lines are of
vanishing length, of $n+m-2$ trivalent intersections
connected by additional links, in a choice of basis such that the
intermediate links are assigned a definite spin value.}. This
construction is feasible for any group, but we will
concentrate in the following sections
on $SU(2)$ and the representations will be labelled by
integers. A more elaborate labeling is needed for other groups.
Spin networks were originally introduced in the $SU(2)$ context by
Penrose \cite{Roger}.
We now wish to compute the expectation value of a Wilson net in a
Chern-Simons theory,
\begin{equation}
<W(s)> = \int DA W_A(s) e^{-{1 \over \kappa} S_{CS}(A)}
\equiv E(s,\kappa). \label{intspin}
\end{equation}
This integral has been studied by Witten and Martin \cite{Ma} and
Kauffman and Lins \cite{KaLi}, establishing the crossing relations
(skein relations) and recoupling relations for networks including up to
trivalent intersections. Their calculations were based on the use of
monodromies and the tangle group, respectively. For trivalent vertices
we have also shown in a previous paper \cite{GaGrPu97} that one can
extract the framing factor and construct ambient isotopic
invariants.
Here we would like to study if analogous results can be found in the
case of four-valent intersections, and also perform perturbative
studies of the path integral with the aim of constructing explicitly
| [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.288083 | 2.424906 | 0.148059 | 0.719462 |
ambient invariants. We therefore proceed as in the case of loops, to
consider order by order the perturbative evaluation of expression
(\ref{intspin}). The general form of the perturbative expansion can
be easily deduced from the definition (\ref{wnet}). We first introduce
a convenient diagrammatic notation. The holonomy associated with a
generic edge $e$ is written in the following form, introducing a
diagrammatic notation for the explicit expression of the path ordered
exponential in terms of the connection,
\begin{equation}
U(e)^{B_e}_{C_e}=
\raisebox{-11mm}{\psfig{file=hol.eps,height=20mm}}=\delta^{B_e}_{C_e}
+ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}
\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=dibujo1.eps,height=14mm}}\,
\raisebox{-5.8mm}{\psfig{file=dibujo2.eps,height=14mm}}\,
A^{\alpha_1}_{a_1 x_1}\ldots A^{\alpha_n}_{a_n x_n},
\label{holdia}
\end{equation}
where,
\begin{equation}
\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=dibujo1.eps,height=14mm}}\,
= (T^{(J_e)}_{\alpha_1}\ldots
T^{(J_e)}_{\alpha_n})^{B_e}_{C_e},
\end{equation}
and,
\begin{equation}
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=dibujo2.eps,height=14mm}}\,
=\int_e dy_n^{a_n} \int_o^{y_n} dy_{n-1}^{a_{n-1}}\ldots
\int_o^{y_2} dy_1^{a_1} \delta(x_n-y_n)\ldots\delta(x_1-y_1).
\end{equation}
For the readers familiar with the extended loop formalism
(\cite{GaPubook} chapter 2), the above multitangent corresponds to
$X(e)^{a_1x_1\cdots a_n x_n}$ in such a notation. In the above
expressions, we have adopted the usual ``generalized Einstein
convention'' of extended loops, in which a summation is implied by
any repeated index $a_i$ and an integral over the three manifold
is implied by any repeated index $x_i$.
Some general results about the factorization of the geometric
factors (see equation (\ref{factloop})) can be derived from the
following property of these fields,
\begin{equation}
\sum_{P(1\ldots m,m+1\ldots n)}
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=ac1.eps,height=14mm}}\,
=\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=ac2.eps,height=14mm}}\times
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=ac3.eps,height=14mm}},
\label{ac}
\end{equation}
where $P(1\ldots m,m+1\ldots n)$ is any permutation of the indices
which preserves the ordering of the subsets $(1\ldots m)$ and
$(m+1\ldots n)$ between themselves. This equation express the
``algebraic constraint'' of the multitangent fields, first studied
in \cite{DiGaGr}. Introducing (\ref{holdia}) in (\ref{wnet}), we
get the following diagrammatic expression for the expectation value
of the Wilson net,
\begin{eqnarray}
<W_A (s)>&=&
\sum_{n_1=0}^{\infty}\ldots
\sum_{n_{N(\Gamma)}=0}^{\infty}
W_{A={\rm flat}}\left(
\,\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=dibujo10.eps,height=13mm}}\,
\ldots \right) \left[
\raisebox{-5.5mm}{\psfig{file=dibujo20.eps,height=13mm}}\,
\ldots\right]\times\nonumber\\
&&\times
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747,
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.098568 | 2.35223 | -0.641856 | 0.150268 |
A^{\alpha_1}_{a_1 x_1}\ldots A^{\alpha_{n_1}}_{a_{n_1}
x_{n_1}}) \ldots >,
\label{diawn}
\end{eqnarray}
Notice that in the above equation one takes a sum for each edge of
the net. In general, $W_{A={\rm flat}}(s)$ defines the ``chromatic
evaluation'' of the spin network $s$. This quantity is evaluated
replacing in the functional integral all the holonomies by identity
matrices, $U(e)^{B_e}_{A_e}\rightarrow \delta^{B_e}_{A_e}$ for all
$e$. The resulting expression can be computed using recoupling
theory. Then, in (\ref{diawn}) $W_{A={\rm flat}}(
\raisebox{-0.3mm}{\psfig{file=dibujo11.eps,height=3mm}}\, \ldots)$ has
the following meaning: take the chromatic evaluation of the spin
network replacing the holonomy $U(e_i)$ by a product of Lie algebra
generators $T_{\alpha_1}\ldots T_{\alpha_{n_i}}$ in the
representation $J_i$ if $n_i\neq 0$, or by the identity matrix if
$n_i=0$.
At this point it is that the convenience of the notation we introduced
becomes clear, we see in equation (\ref{diawn}) that the expression
for the expectation value of the Wilson net becomes really compact,
involving a chromatic evaluation of a diagram times another diagram
contracted with the propagators. This is quite analogous to what
happened in the case of ordinary Wilson loops. To generate from
(\ref{diawn}) the perturbative series one has to introduce the Feynman
rules to express the Green functions $<(A^{\alpha_1}_{a_1 x_1}\ldots
A^{\alpha_{n_1}}_{a_{n_1} x_{n_1}}) \ldots >$ in terms of wavy lines
(the propagator and the vertex)\footnote{As in the case of loops, we
will ignore the ghosts. It one wishes to include them, one has to
incorporate in the analysis the ghost's propagator and the ghost's
vertex.} and dotted lines (the invariant tensors of the group). We
immediately see that a mechanism similar to that observed in the case
of loops operates here: the contraction of the invariant tensors with
$W_{A={\rm flat}}(
\raisebox{-0.3mm}{\psfig{file=dibujo11.eps,height=3mm}} \ldots)$
generates dotted diagrams (the group factors), whereas the contraction
of the two and three point propagators with the multitangent fields
generates wavy diagrams (the geometric factors). We schematically
represent this procedure in the following way,
\begin{equation}
W_{A={\rm flat}}\left(
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=dibujo10.eps,height=13mm}}\ldots \right)
\cdot[\delta^{\alpha_1\alpha_{n_1}}\ldots]\equiv
r\left(\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=dibujo3.eps,height=13mm}}\ldots
\right)\equiv r(\mbox{\footnotesize{dotted diagram}}),
\end{equation}
and,
\begin{equation}
\left[\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=dibujo20.eps,height=13mm}}\ldots\right]
\cdot(g_{a_1 x_1 a_{n_1} x_{n_1}}\ldots)
\equiv\left(
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=dibujo4.eps,height=12mm}}\ldots \right)
\equiv (\mbox{\footnotesize{wavy diagram}}),
\end{equation}
These relations define the group and geometric factors for spin
networks. Notice that in the above examples we have chosen a
specific way to connect the indices $\alpha_1, \alpha_{n_1}$ and
$a_1 x_1, a_{n_1} x_{n_1}$. In general, the application of the
Feynman rules produce, for a given number of indices, a
superposition of diagrams | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.301774 | 1.994041 | -0.90546 | -0.106502 |
with different connectivities of the
dotted (or wavy) lines. Therefore, we can schematically write
(ignoring the ghosts as we discussed before),
\begin{equation}
<W(s)>=\sum_{m=0}^{\infty}\sum_{\{\mbox{\scriptsize{diagrams}}\}}
r[(\mbox{\scriptsize{dotted diagrams}})^{(m)}]
(\mbox{\scriptsize{wavy diagrams}})^{(m)}\, \kappa^m,
\label{exwn}
\end{equation}
The index $m$ gives the order of the perturbative expansion, and
for a fixed $m$ we sum over all the diagrams that contributes to
this order. Each term factorizes in the product of a dotted diagram
(the group factor) and a wavy diagram (the geometric factor), both
having the same connectivity (i.e., in both diagrams the connection
of the dotted and wavy lines are identical).
In principle, the group factors can be evaluated using recoupling
theory. For $SU(2)$ one uses the following version of the Fierz
identity (the standard identity between the Lie algebra generators
and the Clebsch--Gordan coefficients in the fundamental
representation),
\begin{equation}
T^{(J)}_{\alpha} T^{(K)}_{\alpha} =
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=fierz1.eps,height=12mm}} =
(-1)^{2(J+K)+1}\Lambda_{JK}
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=fierz2.eps,height=12mm}},\label{fierz}
\end{equation}
where $\Lambda_{JK}=\Lambda_{J}\Lambda_{K}$ and
$\Lambda_{J}=\sqrt{J(J+1)(2J+1)}$. The Fierz identity allows
to rewrite any dotted diagram in terms of the chromatic evaluation of
a new spin network where the dotted lines are substituted by edges
of spin one. In general, the group factors satisfy some identities
which are characteristic of spin networks and which play an
important role at the time to identify the topological invariants
associated with the perturbative expansion. To introduce these
identities, let us consider a generic dotted diagram and let us
isolate from it a single dotted line connecting two edges $e$ and
$e'$. We draw this single line enclosed into a circle. We also draw
one of the vertices of the selected edges, for example, the origin
of $e'$, which we assume to be four-valent. The dotted lines
outside the circle remain fixed as we move the generator starting
from $e'$ all around the vertex. Then it is easy to prove that,
\begin{equation}
r\left(\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=gauss1.eps,height=15mm}}\right)-
r\left(\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=gauss3.eps,height=15mm}}\right)+
r\left(\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=gauss4.eps,height=15mm}}\right)
-r\left(\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=gauss2.eps,height=15mm}}\right)
\equiv 0
\label{gauss}
\end{equation}
where $r$ is any of the group factors we have considered (we omit
indices since the expression is valid at any order). For a given
diagram, one can perform these movements with all the dotted lines of
the graphs producing a linear system of equations for the group
factors (of course, not all the possible movements generate
independent equations). This set of identities is valid for any group,
and they are rooted in the gauge invariance property of the Wilson
net. For this reason, we call these identities the Gauss' law for spin
networks.
Another set of identities, called ``STU relations'' arise from the generator algebra,
\begin{equation}
\raisebox{-2mm}{\psfig{file=stu1.eps,height=10mm}}
\end{equation}
The STU identities, together with Gauss' law, form a set of linear
identities that can be solved order by order in the perturbative
expansion, allowing to find all group factors in terms of a reduced
set of ``independent factors''.
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.534656 | 2.196495 | -0.130003 | 0.84342 |
The zeroth order contribution of (\ref{exwn}) is given by the
chromatic evaluation of the net, which we usually denote in the
form,
\begin{equation}
<W(s)>^{(0)} = W_{A={\rm flat}}(s)\equiv E(s,0)
\end{equation}
In the following subsections we are going to study the detailed
structure of the group and geometric factors for the first and
second order in $\kappa$.
\subsection{The first order contribution}
Considering equation (\ref{exwn}) to first order in $\kappa$ we have,
\begin{equation}
<W(s)>^{(1)} =
\sum_i \sum_{j\leq i}
r\left(\raisebox{-4mm}{\psfig{file=rij.eps,height=9mm}}\right)
\raisebox{-4mm}{\psfig{file=aij.eps,height=10mm}}
\equiv
\sum_i \sum_{j\leq i}
r_{ij} \varphi_{ij},
\label{25}
\end{equation}
where by $i$ and $j$ we denote any pair of edges of the spin network
(they can also be the same edge). We usually use the compact notation
$r_{ij}$ for the first order group factors, and $\varphi_{ij}$ for a
wavy diagram connecting the edges $e_i$ and $e_j$.
We notice a difference with the case of loops. In that case there
exists only one group factor, $r^{11}_G$, at first order. Here we have
a number of first order group factors equals to
$N(\Gamma)(N(\Gamma)+1)/2$. These quantities are not all independent
due to the Gauss constraints (\ref{gauss}). The Gauss identities
generate for a given graph a linear system of equations which allows
to express some of the $r_{ij}$ in terms of a small subset, which we
call the set of ``independent'' group factors (IGF). The determination
of the IGF allows to construct the topological invariants associated
with the spin network. As in the case of loops, the linear
combinations of geometric factors that multiply each group factor are
(regular) knot invariants.
It is clear that the IGF set is not unique (we can
choose different free parameters to express the solutions of the
Gauss identities).
Let $\mbox{IGF}=\{z_i\}$, $i=1\ldots d(s)$, be the free
parameters with respect to which the linear system of Gauss
equations is solved. The number $d(s)$ of parameters depend
on the particular spin network being considered. Then, (\ref{25})
can be rewritten in the following way,
\begin{equation}
<W(s)>^{(1)} = \sum_{i=1}^{D(s)} z_i {\cal I}_i(\varphi)
\end{equation}
where the ${\cal I}(\varphi)$'s represent knot invariants formed by
the linear combination of
geometric factors associated with each independent parameter.
Let us illustrate the procedure with an example.
For the net shown in figure \ref{ejemplo}, $d(s)=6$ and we choose
$\mbox{IGF}=\{r_{12},r_{13},r_{14},r_{23},r_{24},r_{34}\}.$
\begin{figure}
\centerline{\psfig{figure=ejemplo.eps,height=30mm}}
\caption{A spin net with a four-valent and a trivalent vertices.}
\label{ejemplo}
\end{figure}
Then one gets
\begin{eqnarray}
<W(\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=ejred.eps,height=10mm}})>^{(1)}&=&
-r_{12}(\varphi_{11}+\varphi_{22}-\varphi_{12})
-r_{34}(\varphi_{33}+\varphi_{44}-\varphi_{34})\nonumber\\
&&+\sum_{i=1}^{2}\sum_{j=3}^{4} r_{ij}(
\varphi_{ii}+\varphi_{jj}-\varphi_{55}+
\varphi_{i5}+\varphi_{j5}+\varphi_{ij}).
\end{eqnarray}
The invariants have a simple geometric interpretation in terms of
linking numbers of loops constructed with the edges of the | [
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313,
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467,
450,
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306,
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.10536 | 1.801969 | 0.014015 | 0.714403 |
graph.
It is immediate to see that each of the above linear superposition of
geometric factors combine to give the self-linking number of a
closed path $\gamma$ with support in the net,
\begin{equation}
<W(\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=ejred.eps,height=10mm}})>^{(1)}=
-r_{12}\varphi(\gamma_{12})-r_{34}\varphi(\gamma_{34})
+\sum_{i=1}^{2}\sum_{j=3}^{4} r_{ij}
\varphi(\gamma_{ij5}),
\label{28}
\end{equation}
with\footnote{Overbars denote edges traversed in opposite
directions, and the $\circ$ operation is the usual composition law
of open paths.},
\begin{eqnarray}
\gamma_{ij}&\equiv&e_i\circ\bar{e}_j\label{gammaij}\\
\gamma_{ij5}&\equiv&e_i\circ e_j\circ e_5 \label{gammaij5}
\end{eqnarray}
For any other IGF, the invariants are written as a combination of
the above self-linking numbers. Notice that in this example all the
first order invariants are framing dependent.
\subsection{The second order contribution}
Considering the contribution to second order in $\kappa$ in
(\ref{exwn}) we have,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{secondorder}
&&<W(s)>^{(2)} = \sum_i \sum_j^i \sum_k^j
r\left(\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=3patasd.eps,height=12mm}}\right)\left[
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=3patasw.eps,height=12mm}}\right]+\\
&&\sum_i \sum_j^i \sum_k^j \sum_l^k
\left\{
r\left(\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=4patasd1.eps,height=14mm}}\right)
\left[\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=4patasw1.eps,height=14mm}}\right]+
r\left(\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=4patasd2.eps,height=14mm}}\right)
\left[\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=4patasw2.eps,height=14mm}}\right]\right.
\nonumber\\
&&\left.+
r\left(\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=4patasd3.eps,height=14mm}}\right)
\left[\raisebox{-7mm}{\psfig{file=4patasw3.eps,height=14mm}}\right]\right\}.
\nonumber\end{eqnarray}
Guided by the case of ordinary loops, we would like to study if it is possible to extract a pre-factor that is dependent on framing, therefore isolating a framing-independent knot invariant in this expression. In the case of ordinary
loops the exponential of the first order contribution was the prefactor that
allowed to isolate the Jones polynomial. Here we would like to check if this
is possible for spin nets up to second order in the expansion, for four
valent intersections. We will see that, as we independently proved in our
previous paper, it is possible to extract the prefactor for trivalent vertices,
but it is not possible for four and higher valent intersections. This was
already anticipated in the work of Labastida, who noted that it does not
hold for multiloops, which are a particular case of spin networks.
Using the Gauss and STU identities and the algebraic constraint we discussed
before, and observing that,
\begin{equation}
r\left(\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=rec1.eps,height=12mm}}\right)=
{1 \over E(s,0)}
r\left(\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=rec2.eps,height=12mm}}\right)
r\left(\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=rec3.eps,height=12mm}}\right),
\label{recoup}
\end{equation}
and introducing | [
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1132,
29913,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
13,
392,
4547,
3277
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.429901 | 1.500883 | -0.947601 | -0.18366 |
the ``shifted'' four-point group factors
$\tilde{r}$, defined in the
following way,
\begin{equation}
\tilde{r}(
\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=rtilde.eps,height=13mm}})=
r(\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=rtilde.eps,height=13mm}})-
\frac{1}{E(s,0)}r(
\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=rtilde2.eps,height=13mm}})
r(\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=rtilde3.eps,height=13mm}}),\label{rtilde}
\end{equation}
it is found that,
\begin{eqnarray}
<W(s)>^{(2)} &=& \frac{1}{2E(s,0)}[<W(s)>^{(1)}]^2 \nonumber\\
&&+
\sum_i \sum_j^{i-1} \left\{
\tilde{r}\left(
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=rt2edges.eps,height=12mm}} \right)
\frac{1}{2}[\varphi_{ij}]^2
+r\left(
\raisebox{-6.5mm}{\psfig{file=r2edges.eps,height=12mm}}
\right)\rho_{ij}\right\}
\nonumber\\
&&+ \sum_i\sum_j^{i-1}\sum_k^{j-1} \left\{\tilde{r}\left(
\raisebox{-5.5mm}{\psfig{file=rt3edges.eps,height=12mm}} \right)
\varphi_{ij}\varphi_{jk}+\hbox{cyclic permutations in i,j,k}\right\}
\nonumber\\
&&+\sum_i
r\left(\raisebox{-6.5mm}{\psfig{file=r1edge.eps,height=12mm}}\right)
\rho_{i}
+
\sum_i\sum_j^{i-1}\sum_k^{j-1}r\left(
\raisebox{-6.5mm}{\psfig{file=3patasd.eps,height=12mm}}\right)
\rho_{ijk},
\label{so}
\end{eqnarray}
The quantities $\varphi_{ij}$ are the first order
geometric factors linking the edges $e_i$ and $e_j$, and,
\begin{equation}
\rho_{i}\equiv
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=rho1ed1.eps,height=12mm}}
+\raisebox{-6mm}{\psfig{file=rho1ed2.eps,height=12mm}},
\end{equation}
\begin{eqnarray}
\rho_{ij}&\equiv&
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=rho2ed1.eps,height=12mm}}
+\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=rho2ed2.eps,height=12mm}}
\\
&&+\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=rho2ed3.eps,height=12mm}}
+\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=rho2ed4.eps,height=12mm}}
+\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=rho2ed5.eps,height=12mm}},
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
and,
\begin{equation}
\rho_{ijk}\equiv
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=3patasw.eps,height=12mm}}
+\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=rho3ed1.eps,height=12mm}}
+\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=rho3ed2.eps,height=12mm}}
+\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=rho3ed3.eps,height=12mm}}.
\end{equation}
Looking at equation (\ref{so}) we see that we have not achieved the
desired result. If we look at the first term in the right hand side of
this equation we identify the expansion to second order of the
exponential of the first order correction, exactly like in the case of
loops. | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.779043 | 1.21537 | -1.440737 | -0.610872 |
However, there remain framing dependent contributions in the
other terms, therefore one will not be able to extract the framing
dependence in an overall prefactor, as happened in the case of
loops. The additional framing dependence arises for instance in the
terms involving
$\varphi_{ij}$ or $\rho_{ijk}$ when the edges $i,j,k$
share a common vertex.
A remarkable exception happens in the case of trivalent
intersections. In this case the group factors $r$ that appear in the
above mentioned terms vanish identically. This can be seen
straightforwardly applying recoupling at the vertex. In the case of
trivalent vertices this yields only a prefactor and the two terms involved
in the definition of the $\tilde{r}$, equation (\ref{rtilde})
vanish. In the case of higher order vertices, the application of
recoupling leads to a sum of terms and therefore the two terms in
(\ref{rtilde}) are different. This fact will also appear at the root
of our proof that the loop derivative annihilates trivalent framing
independent invariants, as we will discuss later on.
\subsection{Topological invariants for spin networks}
The analysis of the higher order contributions can be performed
using the same techniques we have developed at first and second
order. The results can be summarized as follows. To any order in the
perturbative expansion, there exist a number of independent group
factors for a given group $G$, $z_a^{(n)}(\vec{J},\vec{I},G)$, based
on solving the Gauss and STU relations. In terms of these the
perturbative expansion can be written as,
\begin{equation}
<W>^{n}=\sum_{a=1}^{d^n(s)} z_a^{(n)}(\vec{J},\vec{I},G) {\cal
I}_a^{(n)}(\Gamma)
\end{equation}
where the ${\cal I}_a^{(n)}$ are (regular or ambient) isotopic
invariants of the embedding of the spin network $\Gamma$,
and $d^n(s)$ is the number of independent group factors at
$n-th$ order for a given spin network $s$. This is
a difference with the case of ordinary loops, where the expressions
are given once and for all loops. This is related to the fact that
the spin nets are a much more general object.
The regular or ambient isotopy properties of
the invariants can be analyzed systematically, and, to any order in
$\kappa$, the invariants are grouped in two categories: framing
independent and framing dependent. The framing dependent part
cannot be exponentiated like in the case of loops. The general
result can be written in the following way,
\begin{equation}
<W(s)> = \sum_{i=0}^\infty
\sum_{a=1}^{d^{\rm fd}_i(s)}z_{ia}^{\mbox{\scriptsize{fd}}}
(\vec{J},\vec{I},G)
\,{\cal I}_{ia}^{\mbox{\scriptsize{fd}}}(\Gamma)\, \kappa^i +
\sum_{i=0}^\infty \sum_{b=1}^{d^{\rm fi}_i(s)}
z_{ib}^{\mbox{\scriptsize{fi}}}(\vec{J},\vec{I},G)
\,{\cal I}_{ib}^{\mbox{\scriptsize{fi}}}(\Gamma)\, \kappa^i.
\label{decomp}
\end{equation}
In spite to this
dependence with the particular spin network considered, the
invariants have the following property: given an embedding
$\Gamma$, let $\Gamma'\in \Gamma$ be a subgraph obtained by
removing some of the edges of $\Gamma$. Then, the invariants ${\cal
I}(\Gamma')$ are obtained from ${\cal I}(\Gamma)$ putting zero all
the wavy diagrams with legs attached to any of the suppressed
edges.
The specific expression of the invariants ${\cal I}_{fd}$ and ${\cal
I}_{fi}$ that appear in expression (\ref{decomp}) and their quantity
$d_n^{fi}(s)$, depend on the choice of independent invariants picked
to solve the constraints among the group factors. We will give a
procedure that generates, for a given spin network, a basis of
independent invariants that are framing-independent.
A general invariant of $n-th$ order is in | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.254119 | 2.08229 | -0.293186 | 0.598034 |
general
given by a linear combination,
\begin{equation}
{\cal I}^{(n)}(\Gamma)= \sum_{a=1}^{d^n(s)} c_a {\cal I}_a^{(n)}(\Gamma),
\end{equation}
where the ${\cal I}_a$'s have the following expression,
\begin{equation}
{\cal I}_a^{(n)}(\Gamma)=\sum_i D_{ia}^{\rm fi} \alpha^{(n){\rm
fi}}_i(\Gamma)
+\sum_i D_{ia}^{\rm fd} \alpha^{(n){\rm fd}}_i(\Gamma),
\end{equation}
where the $D_{ia}^{\rm fd, fi}$ are well defined numbers that depend
on the connectivity of the spin net and the $\alpha$'s are products of
multitangents contracted with the geometric portion of the Feynman
diagrams (propagators and vertices) and can either be framing
dependent or independent. We can therefore conclude that an invariant
will be framing independent if the choice of coefficient $c_a$'s is
such that,
\begin{equation}
\sum_{a=1}^{d^n(s)} c_a D_{ja}^{\rm fd}=0.
\end{equation}
One now solves this system of equations, which will lead to expressing
some of the $c_a$'s in terms of a set of independent $c_a$'s. For each
of these independent $c_a$'s one has an independent invariant.
Let us consider a concrete example of this procedure. We will carry
out the computation for the spin network of the figure (\ref{ejemplo}).
The invariants that appear at second order in the calculation have the
generic form,
\begin{equation}
{\cal I}^{(2)}(\Gamma)= c_1 \rho(\gamma_{12}) + c_2 \rho(\gamma_{31})
+\sum_{i=1}^2 \sum_{j=i}^4 c_{ij} \rho(\gamma_{ij5}),
\end{equation}
where $\gamma_{ij}$ are the subloops of the spin network we defined in
equations (\ref{gammaij},\ref{gammaij5}). The quantities $\rho$ are
closely related with the second coefficient of the Alexander-Conway
polynomial \cite{GuMaMi}. These were the expressions one directly got
when one performed the calculation in the case of loops. In the case
of spin networks one gets combinations of these invariants evaluated
in sub-loops that form the spin network. The expression is manifestly
framing independent since the coefficients of the Alexander-Conway
polynomial are framing-independent. We see that (at least up to this
order in the perturbative expansion) the use of spin
networks does not introduce new topological invariants, but just
combinations of invariants evaluated in the various subloops that form
the spin network.
Finally, we show that the invariants we have obtained are the
natural generalization to the spin network context of Vassiliev
invariants. To see this, consider an arbitrary net, and construct
the Vassiliev intersection. Following the same type of argument as
we did in the case of ordinary loops one immediately obtains, using
variational techniques,
\begin{eqnarray}
\left<W\left(\raisebox{-7mm}
{\psfig{file=svasint.eps,height=15mm}}\,\,\right)\right>
\label{vasivasi}
&\equiv&
\left<W\left(\raisebox{-7mm}
{\psfig{file=supcross.eps,height=15mm}}\,\,\right)\right> -
\left<W\left(\raisebox{-7mm}
{\psfig{file=sdwcross.eps,height=15mm}}\,\,\right)\right> \nonumber=\\
&&= \kappa
< \ldots h^{(J_j)}(e_{1j}) T^{(J_j)}_{\alpha} h^{(J_j)}(e_{2j})\ldots
h^{(J_k)}(e_{3k}) T^{(J_k)}_{\alpha}h^{(J_k)}(e_{4k})\ldots>
\end{eqnarray}
where the indices in parenthesis refer to the representation in which
one is considering the holonomies and the Lie algebra basis
elements. We therefore reach the same conclusion as in the case of
lo | [
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505,
7625,
526,
278,
13,
25047,
2498,
2133,
304,
278,
10917,
3564,
3030,
310,
478,
465,
309,
10384,
13,
262,
5927,
1934,
29889,
1763,
1074,
445,
29892,
2050,
385,
11472,
7787,
29892,
322,
3386,
13,
1552,
478,
465,
309,
10384,
17686,
29889,
12206,
278,
1021,
1134,
310,
2980,
408,
13,
705,
1258,
297,
278,
1206,
310,
15311,
12104,
697,
7389,
4017,
29879,
29892,
773,
13,
5927,
1288,
13698,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
9441,
29913,
13,
29905,
1563,
29966,
29956,
29905,
1563,
1194,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29955,
4317,
29913,
13,
741,
567,
1003,
29912,
1445,
29922,
29879,
4428,
524,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29896,
29945,
4317,
4229,
2053,
2053,
1266,
2144,
1266,
29958,
29871,
13,
29905,
1643,
29912,
4428,
440,
6840,
29913,
13,
11035,
9402,
29987,
13,
29905,
1563,
29966,
29956,
29905,
1563,
1194,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29955,
4317,
29913,
13,
741,
567,
1003,
29912,
1445,
29922,
12587,
19128,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29896,
29945,
4317,
4229,
2053,
2053,
1266,
2144,
1266,
29958,
448,
13,
29905,
1563,
29966,
29956,
29905,
1563,
1194,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29955,
4317,
29913,
13,
741,
567,
1003,
29912,
1445,
29922,
4928,
29893,
19128,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29896,
29945,
4317,
4229,
2053,
2053,
1266,
2144,
1266,
29958,
320,
13621,
29922,
1966,
13,
12774,
29922,
320,
9876,
13,
29966,
320,
7796,
298,
7650,
29967,
29918,
29926,
22302,
29872,
648,
29896,
29926,
1800,
323,
7650,
29967,
29918,
29926,
2915,
1665,
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298,
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29926,
22302,
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13,
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9441,
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13,
3062,
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16285,
297,
3847,
29882,
6656,
2737,
304,
278,
8954,
297,
607,
13,
650,
338,
13858,
278,
8753,
4917,
583,
322,
278,
7326,
9623,
8405,
13,
17664,
29889,
1334,
5480,
6159,
278,
1021,
15997,
408,
297,
278,
1206,
310,
13,
417
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.098568 | 2.341847 | -0.318516 | 0.53732 |
ops: an invariant with $n$ Vassiliev crossings is of order
$\kappa^n$ meaning that the first $n-1$ coefficients in the series
expansion vanish for spin networks with $n$ crossings. Therefore, they
are Vassiliev invariants of order up to $n-1$.
\section{The diffeomorphism constraint}
\subsection{Loop differentiability}
We now have succeeded in setting a suitable ``arena'' where we can
start discussing the constraints of quantum gravity. The arena will be
the space of Vassiliev invariants, and in order to implement the
constraints as quantum operators we will take advantage of the fact
that these invariants are loop differentiable. This is a result we
introduced in a previous paper \cite{GaGrPu98}, we only recall the
appropriate formula here. The result appears simply by applying the
definition of loop derivative \cite{GaPubook} to the path integral
defining the expectation value of the Wilson loop. One acts with
the loop derivative on the Wilson net in the path integral. One
obtains as a result a Wilson net with an $F_{ab}$ inserted at the
point where the loop derivative acted. One then re-expresses the
$F_{ab}$ in terms of a functional derivative of the exponential of
the Chern--Simons form with respect to the connection. This
functional derivative is integrated by parts to act on the Wilson
loop again. The result is the expectation value of a Wilson net
with the insertion of two Lie algebra generators,
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\Delta_{ab}(\pi_o^x) E(\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=der1.eps,height=11mm}},
\kappa) = -2 \kappa \sum_{k}
\epsilon_{abc} \int_{e_k} dy^c \delta^3(x-y) \times
\label{tata}\\
&&< \cdots U^{(J_j)}(e_{v_j}^o) U^{(J_j)}(\pi_o^x) T^{(J_j)}_{\alpha}
U^{(J_j)}({\pi^{-1}}{}_o^x) U^{(J_j)}(e_o^{v'_j})\cdots U^{(J_k)}
(e_{v_k}^y)T^{(J_k)}_{\alpha} U^{(J_k)}(e_y^{v'_k}) \cdots>,\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where $v_j$ and $v'_j$ are the start and end points of edge
$e_j$. The loop derivative depends on a path $\pi_o^x$ going from
the basepoint $o$ to a point $x$, and this operator acts on the
space of spin networks with a fixed basepoint $o\in\Gamma$. The links
involved in the formula are shown in the figure.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centerline{\psfig{figure=fig3.eps,height=30mm}}
\caption{The basic configuration that defines the loop derivative.}
\label{loop}\end{figure}
Using (\ref{fierz}) one can rearrange the above expression in the
following way,
\begin{equation}
\Delta_{ab}(\pi_o^x) E(\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=der1.eps,height=11mm}},
\kappa) = \kappa
\sum_{k} (-1)^{2(J_j+J_k)} \Lambda_{J_j J_k} \epsilon_{abc}
\int_{e_k} dy^c \delta^3(x-y)
E\left(\raisebox{-5.7mm}{\psfig{file=der2.eps,height=15mm}} \,\,,
\,\kappa\right).
\end{equation}
We now replace the two parallel lines in terms of a sum of
irreducible representations. The resulting expression can be cast
using recoupling identities\footnote{The recoupling relations
reduce the sum over the irreducible representations to a single
term with spin one. This is a difference with our
previous result -equation (28)- of reference \cite{GaGrPu98},
where we used a slightly different version of the Fierz identity.
The one we are using here is more useful in
calculations.} as,
\begin{equation}
\Delta_{ab}(\pi_o^ | [
3554,
29901,
385,
22619,
411,
395,
29876,
29938,
478,
465,
309,
10384,
4891,
886,
338,
310,
1797,
13,
4535,
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29985,
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937,
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13,
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505,
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297,
4444,
263,
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4954,
279,
2386,
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988,
591,
508,
13,
2962,
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292,
278,
11938,
310,
12101,
20953,
29889,
450,
564,
2386,
674,
367,
13,
1552,
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310,
478,
465,
309,
10384,
15939,
1934,
29892,
322,
297,
1797,
304,
2334,
278,
13,
13646,
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408,
12101,
12768,
591,
674,
2125,
10631,
310,
278,
2114,
13,
5747,
1438,
15939,
1934,
526,
2425,
17473,
519,
29889,
29871,
910,
338,
263,
1121,
591,
13,
524,
3518,
1133,
297,
263,
3517,
5650,
320,
2036,
29912,
29954,
29874,
3338,
29925,
29884,
29929,
29947,
1118,
591,
871,
17386,
278,
13,
932,
6649,
403,
7063,
1244,
29889,
450,
1121,
5692,
3763,
491,
15399,
278,
13,
16553,
310,
2425,
16291,
320,
2036,
29912,
29954,
29874,
21076,
2550,
29913,
304,
278,
2224,
10160,
13,
1753,
2827,
278,
23227,
995,
310,
278,
13015,
2425,
29889,
3118,
14741,
411,
13,
1552,
2425,
16291,
373,
278,
13015,
7787,
297,
278,
2224,
10160,
29889,
3118,
13,
711,
2408,
29879,
408,
263,
1121,
263,
13015,
7787,
411,
385,
395,
29943,
648,
370,
1042,
15478,
472,
278,
13,
3149,
988,
278,
2425,
16291,
27320,
29889,
3118,
769,
337,
29899,
17073,
267,
278,
13,
29938,
29943,
648,
370,
1042,
297,
4958,
310,
263,
13303,
16291,
310,
278,
25658,
310,
13,
1552,
678,
824,
489,
8942,
787,
883,
411,
3390,
304,
278,
3957,
29889,
910,
13,
2220,
284,
16291,
338,
23387,
491,
5633,
304,
1044,
373,
278,
13015,
13,
7888,
1449,
29889,
450,
1121,
338,
278,
23227,
995,
310,
263,
13015,
7787,
13,
2541,
278,
4635,
291,
310,
1023,
7326,
9623,
1176,
4097,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
9441,
29913,
13,
29987,
11035,
5268,
648,
370,
4678,
1631,
29918,
29877,
29985,
29916,
29897,
382,
1194,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29945,
4317,
3331,
567,
1003,
29912,
1445,
29922,
672,
29896,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29896,
29896,
4317,
11656,
13,
29905,
9876,
29897,
353,
448,
29906,
320,
9876,
320,
2083,
648,
29895,
29913,
13,
29905,
5463,
648,
10736,
29913,
320,
524,
648,
29872,
29918,
29895,
29913,
13475,
29985,
29883,
320,
4181,
29985,
29941,
29898,
29916,
29899,
29891,
29897,
320,
3706,
13,
29905,
1643,
29912,
29873,
532,
9952,
13,
12774,
29966,
320,
9572,
501,
7650,
29967,
29918,
29926,
22302,
29872,
648,
29894,
29918,
29926,
2137,
29877,
29897,
501,
7650,
29967,
29918,
29926,
2915,
1194,
1631,
29918,
29877,
29985,
29916,
29897,
323,
7650,
29967,
29918,
29926,
2915,
1665,
2312,
29913,
13,
29965,
7650,
29967,
29918,
29926,
22302,
741,
1631,
3426,
29896,
7585,
2403,
29877,
29985,
29916,
29897,
501,
7650,
29967,
29918,
29926,
22302,
29872,
29918,
29877,
998,
29894,
15972,
29926,
11606,
9572,
501,
7650,
29967,
29918,
29895,
2915,
13,
29898,
29872,
648,
29894,
29918,
29895,
2137,
29891,
29897,
29911,
7650,
29967,
29918,
29895,
2915,
1665,
2312,
29913,
501,
7650,
29967,
29918,
29895,
22302,
29872,
29918,
29891,
998,
29894,
15972,
29895,
1800,
320,
9572,
29958,
2053,
13621,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
9441,
29913,
13,
3062,
395,
29894,
29918,
29926,
29938,
322,
395,
29894,
15972,
29926,
29938,
526,
278,
1369,
322,
1095,
3291,
310,
7636,
13,
29938,
29872,
29918,
29926,
1504,
450,
2425,
16291,
7111,
373,
263,
2224,
779,
1631,
29918,
29877,
29985,
29916,
29938,
2675,
515,
13,
1552,
2967,
3149,
395,
29877,
29938,
304,
263,
1298,
395,
29916,
1628,
322,
445,
5455,
14741,
373,
278,
13,
3493,
310,
10917,
14379,
411,
263,
4343,
2967,
3149,
395,
29877,
29905,
262,
29905,
6642,
1504,
450,
2988,
13,
262,
1555,
1490,
297,
278,
7063,
526,
4318,
297,
278,
4377,
29889,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
4532,
4400,
29882,
29962,
13,
29905,
5064,
1220,
741,
567,
1003,
29912,
4532,
29922,
1003,
29941,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29941,
29900,
4317,
930,
13,
29905,
6671,
29912,
1576,
6996,
5285,
393,
17645,
278,
2425,
16291,
5003,
13,
29905,
1643,
29912,
7888,
1012,
355,
29912,
4532,
29913,
13,
15156,
3441,
999,
29912,
29888,
15952,
1800,
697,
508,
18983,
3881,
278,
2038,
4603,
297,
278,
13,
23031,
292,
982,
29892,
13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
29905,
5268,
648,
370,
4678,
1631,
29918,
29877,
29985,
29916,
29897,
382,
1194,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29945,
4317,
3331,
567,
1003,
29912,
1445,
29922,
672,
29896,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29896,
29896,
4317,
11656,
13,
29905,
9876,
29897,
353,
29871,
320,
9876,
13,
29905,
2083,
648,
29895,
29913,
8521,
29896,
8940,
29906,
29898,
29967,
29918,
29926,
29974,
29967,
29918,
29895,
2915,
320,
9099,
648,
29967,
29918,
29926,
435,
29918,
29895,
29913,
29871,
320,
5463,
648,
10736,
29913,
13,
29905,
524,
648,
29872,
29918,
29895,
29913,
13475,
29985,
29883,
320,
4181,
29985,
29941,
29898,
29916,
29899,
29891,
29897,
13,
29923,
29905,
1563,
1194,
23469,
774,
2251,
8499,
29945,
29889,
29955,
4317,
3331,
567,
1003,
29912,
1445,
29922,
672,
29906,
29889,
8961,
29892,
3545,
29922,
29896,
29945,
4317,
930,
320,
2053,
12985,
13,
15013,
9876,
29905,
1266,
467,
13,
29905,
355,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
4806,
1286,
5191,
278,
1023,
8943,
3454,
297,
4958,
310,
263,
2533,
310,
13,
381,
29622,
22540,
29889,
450,
9819,
4603,
508,
367,
4320,
13,
4746,
1162,
283,
10335,
2893,
1907,
29905,
20273,
29912,
1576,
1162,
283,
10335,
5302,
13,
17469,
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13,
29905,
463,
29912,
2573,
29913,
13,
29905,
5268,
648,
370,
4678,
1631,
29918,
29877,
29985
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | -0.200988 | 2.144584 | -0.583576 | 0.136986 |
x) E(\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=der1.eps,height=11mm}},
\kappa) = \kappa
\sum_{k} (-1)^{2(J_j+J_k)} \Lambda_{J_j J_k}
\epsilon_{abc} \int_{e_k} dy^c \delta^3(x-y)
E\left(\raisebox{-5.9mm}{\psfig{file=der3.eps,height=14.5mm}} \,\,,
\,\kappa\right).\label{deltae}
\end{equation}
For future reference, we would like to introduce a formula for the
loop derivative when the path $\pi$ added is of infinitesimal
length. This is useful in the definition of the Hamiltonian
constraint. It could arise when the point $x$ is infinitesimally
separated along the same edge as the origin $o$ or it could correspond
to two infinitesimally adjacent edges (for instance incident on a
vertex). More precisely, in both the diffeomorphism and Hamiltonian
constraint one has the loop derivative evaluated along an
infinitesimal path multiplied times a regularized Dirac Delta
function. In that case one can rearrange the above expression in terms
of a chord diagram,
\begin{equation}\label{deltavasi}
\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow 0} \epsilon^2
\int d^3x \chi_\epsilon(x,o)\Delta_{ab}(\pi_o^x) E(
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=der1.eps,height=11mm}},\kappa)
=\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow 0} \epsilon^2
\kappa \sum_{k} \epsilon_{abc} \int_{e_k} dy^c
\chi_\epsilon(o,y)
E\left(\raisebox{-5.7mm}{\psfig{file=der4.eps,height=14.5mm}} \,\,,
\,\kappa\right),
\end{equation}
where $\chi$ is a (symmetric, $\chi_\epsilon(x,y)=\chi_\epsilon(y,x)$)
regulator such that $\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow 0}
\chi_\epsilon(x,y) = \delta^3(x-y)$. We will derive in the appendix the
rather remarkable result that the kind of derivative we considered in
the previous formula annihilates the framing-independent Vassiliev
invariants if the spin networks consider have trivalent or lower
intersections. This will allow us, in the companion paper, to find
large families of solutions to all the constraints of quantum gravity,
albeit with vanishing volume.
Notice that formula (\ref{deltae}) implies, if we analyze it order by
order in $\kappa$, that the loop derivative of a Vassiliev invariant
of order $n$ (the coefficient of $\kappa^n$ in the expansion) is
proportional to a Vassiliev invariant of order $n-1$. That is, the
loop differentiation operation lowers the order of a Vassiliev
invariant by one.
As an instructive example of the consistency of the formalism, we can
compare the result predicted for the loop derivative of the first
order term in $\kappa$ by equation (\ref{deltae}) and the direct
computation of the loop derivative of expression (\ref{25}),
\begin{equation}
\Delta^{(e)}_{ab}(\pi_o^x) <W(s)>^{(1)} =-{1 \over 2}
\Delta^{(e)}_{ab}(\pi_o^x) \left(\sum_{e_i,e_j \in s} r_{ij}
\int_{e_i}dy^c \int_{e_j} dz^d \epsilon_{cdf} \partial^f
{1 \over 4\pi |y-z|}\right)
\end{equation}
where we denoted that the loop derivative acts along the edge $e_i$ by
a superscript. The loop derivative will only act on the loop
dependence of the right-hand-side, i.e., on the integrals. To evaluate
this action, we recall the well known result (i.e. \cite{GaPubook}),
\begin{equation}
\Delta_{ab}^{(e)}(\ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.173287 | 2.243216 | -0.595681 | 0.206555 |
pi_o^x) \int_e dy^c F_c(y) = \partial_{[a} F_{b]}(x),
\end{equation}
and therefore get,
\begin{equation}
\Delta^{(e_k)}_{ab}(\pi_o^x) <W(s)>^{(1)} = -
\sum_{e_j\in s} r_{kj}
\int_{e_j} dz^d \partial_{[a} \epsilon_{b]df} \partial^f
{1 \over 4\pi |x-z|}
\end{equation}
which we can rearrange as,
\begin{equation}
\Delta^{(e_k)}_{ab}(\pi_o^x) <W(s)>^{(1)} =
\sum_{e_j \in s} r_{kj}
\left(
\int_{e_j} dz^c \epsilon_{abc} \partial_f \partial^f
{1 \over 4\pi |x-z|}-
\int_{e_j} dz^f \epsilon_{abc} \partial_f \partial^c
{1 \over 4\pi |x-z|}\right).
\end{equation}
The last term gives the integral along an edge of a quantity
differentiated with respect to the integration variable. This gives
contributions only at the ends of the edges, and it gives the same
contribution per each incoming edge. Recalling that the summation of
all $r_{ij}$'s for each vertex vanishes, the last term vanishes
when added along the whole spin network, vertex per vertex. The
remaining term gives the final result,
\begin{equation}
\Delta^{(e_k)}_{ab}(\pi_o^x) <W(s)>^{(1)} =
\sum_{e_j\in s} r_{kj}
\epsilon_{abc} \int_{e_j} dy^c \delta^3(x-y).
\label{deltagauss}
\end{equation}
This expression coincides with the right hand side of (\ref{deltae})
evaluated to first order in $\kappa$. The group factors $r_{ij}$
are given in (\ref{deltae}) by the chromatic evaluation of the
invariant $E$, which is what one gets at zeroth order in $\kappa$.
It is worthwhile emphasizing that although expressions like
(\ref{deltae}) can be viewed as ``formal manipulations'' in the path
integral that one uses to motivate certain results, yet the
perturbative Feynman-diagrammatic calculations yield order by order
results that are consistent with the formal manipulations. We will not
discuss in detail similar calculations for invariants of higher order,
but they can be checked in detail using the formulae for loop
derivatives of multitangents, see for instance \cite{GaPubook}.
An interesting observation is that if we go back to expression
(\ref{tata}) we see that the loop derivative introduces in the spin
network two Lie algebra generators contracted. This is precisely the
same contribution we got in (\ref{vasivasi}) for the Vassiliev
derivative. This points out to a very appealing connection between the
loop derivative and the Vassiliev derivative. It therefore highlights
why Vassiliev invariants play a special role among knot invariants
from the point of view of quantum gravity: they are naturally
``differentiable'' knot invariants, and the derivative in question is
nothing else but the loop derivative. This is consistent with the fact
that the loop derivative ``lowers the order'' of a Vassiliev
invariant, as we saw before in the example of the invariant of order
one being related to the zeroth order invariant. Freidel was the first
to notice, and is currently studying the implications of this
connection \cite{Fr}.
\subsection{The diffeomorphism constraint and the loop derivative}
To define a diffeomorphism constraint we will formally integrate by
parts the expression of the constraint in the connection
representation acting on a state given by the loop transform. In terms
of the new variables, the diffeomorphism constraint is given
classically by $C(\vec{N}) = \int d^3x N^a(x) \tilde{E}^b_i
F_{ab}^i$. If one wishes to promote this to a quantum operator one | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.19774 | 2.21726 | -0.516331 | 0.227425 |
needs to choose a factor ordering and a regularization. We will choose
the factor ordering in which the triad is at the left. In this factor
ordering, the operator formally fails to generate diffeomorhpisms on
the wavefunctions in the connection representation. This can be
amended if one regularizes the operator by point-splitting the
operator $E$ and $F$ and using a symmetric regularization
\cite{BrGaPunpb}. We will therefore operate with such an operator on
a state in the loop representation defined via the loop transform,
\begin{eqnarray}
C(\vec{N}) \Psi(s) &=& \int DA (C(\vec{N}) \Psi(A)) W_A(s) \\&&=
\int DA \int d^3x \int d^3y
\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow 0} {(N^a(x)+N^a(y))\over 2}
\chi_\epsilon(x,y) \left({\delta \over \delta A_b^{\alpha}(x)} F_{ab}^{\alpha}(y)
\Psi(A)\right)
W_A(s),\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where again $\chi$ is a (symmetric, $\chi_\epsilon(x,y)=\chi_\epsilon(y,x)$)
regulator such that $\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow 0}
\chi_\epsilon(x,y) = \delta^3(x-y)$, and the symmetric
regularization refers to taking the symmetric average of the vector
$\vec{N}$ at the points $x$ and $y$. This expression is not gauge
invariant due to the point splitting. This can be fixed by introducing
small pieces of holonomies along paths $\pi_y^x$ that connect the
points $x$ and $y$ and inserting them to get a gauge invariant
expression.
If one now formally integrates by parts the functional derivative and
represents the $F_{ab}$ using the loop derivative, we get,
\begin{equation}
C(\vec{N}) \Psi(s) = \sum_{k}
\int DA \Psi(A)
\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow 0} \int d^3x \int_{e_k} dy^b
{(N^a(x)+N^a(y))\over 2}\chi_\epsilon(x,y) \Delta_{ab}(\pi_y^x) W_A(s).
\label{diffwil}
\end{equation}
We therefore identify the following operator as the infinitesimal
generator of diffeomorphisms in terms of spin nets,
\begin{equation}
C(\vec{N}) \Psi(s) = \sum_{k}
\lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow 0} \int d^3x \int_{e_k} dy^b
{(N^a(x)+N^a(y))\over 2}\chi_\epsilon(x,y) \Delta_{ab}(\pi_y^x)
\Psi(s).
\end{equation}
The last expression should be understood as a shorthand notation for
(\ref{diffwil}). This means that the limit should be taken before
evaluating the functional integral, otherwise we would fall in the
usual pitfall of not having a defined action for a loop derivative on
a knot invariant. This action {\em is defined} by formula
(\ref{diffwil}) for the invariants in question, replacing $\Psi(A)$ by
the exponential of the Chern--Simons form. The last expression has
been well known for some time to correspond to the infinitesimal
generator of diffeomorphisms on Wilson loops evaluated along smooth
loops. In the case of spin networks, the expression displaces each
edge infinitesimally. The vertices are left fixed, but are reconnected
to the shifted edges by retraced paths. Due to the gauge invariance of
the intertwiner operators, the functions behave as if the vertex had
been shifted along with the edges.
In our previous work in terms of loops \cite{GaPubook,GaGaPu} we have
used an (unregulated) diffeomorphism constraint that looked slightly
different than the one we consider here, but that coincides in the
limit, when acting on functions on which the loop derivative yields a
smooth result, like for instance holonomies of smooth connections. The
main difference is that in | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.09186 | 2.139393 | -1.048021 | 0.055402 |
the regulated operator the path $\pi$
extends out of the original loop and tends to it in the limit, whereas
in the unregulated expressions one simply took the path directly along
the loop.
The formula (\ref{diffwil}) involves evaluating the loop derivative
for an infinitesimal path. To evaluate this, it is convenient to go
back to (\ref{tata}), and notice that the addition of the two Lie
algebra generators in the two nearby points corresponds to a chord
diagram in which a dashed line starts and ends in a given edge of the
spin network. Another possibility is if the action is close to a
vertex. In that case one can have the insertion of the two Lie algebra
generators in two different links adjacent to the vertex. Concretely,
we get,
\begin{eqnarray}
&&C(\vec{N}) E\left(
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=dif1.eps,height=11mm}}\, , \kappa\right)
= -{\kappa \over 2} \lim_{\epsilon\rightarrow 0} \int_{e_j} dy^b
\int_{e_j} dx^c ({N^a(y) + N^a(x)\over 2})\epsilon_{abc} \chi_\epsilon(x,y)
E\left(\raisebox{-5.5mm}{\psfig{file=dif2.eps,height=13mm}}\, ,
\kappa\right) =0\label{writh1}\\
&&C(\vec{N}) E\left(
\raisebox{-5mm}{\psfig{file=dif3.eps,height=11mm}}\, , \kappa\right) =
0
\label{writh2}
\end{eqnarray}
where we see that the contributions vanish in the first expression due
to the contraction of the $\epsilon_{abc}$ with a symmetric expression
in $b,c$. In the second expression, given the action on an edge $i$,
the contribution arising from connecting that edge with another edge
$j$ is equal and opposite to that arising from considering the action
on the edge $j$ and considering the connection with the edge $i$, and
they therefore cancel each other as well. This is all only true
because we have chosen a symmetric regularization, otherwise the
expression would not be symmetric under the interchange of $b$ and
$c$.
We should notice that this is a major departure from what we did in
our previous paper \cite{GaGrPu98}. There we did not choose the
symmetric regularization, and the diffeomorphisms did not vanish on
these invariants. At that point we interpreted the action of the
constraint as associated with the change in the value of the framing
invariants due to the addition of ``writhes'' by the diffeomorphism.
It should be noted that there is some ambiguity in what one means by
diffeomorphism in the case of framing dependent invariants, i.e., if
one is talking of diffeomorphisms of ``ribbons'' or of loops with no
width. Choosing the invariants to be diffeomorphism invariant is in
line with adopting the point of view that one is considering
diffeomorhpisms of ``ribbons''.
What we find here is that the motivation for the symmetric
regularization that came from the connection representation has a
natural counterpart in loops: in the connection representation the
regularization ensured that the constraint generate diffeomorphisms,
and therefore that the Chern--Simons state be annihilated by the
constraint. The same is true in the loop representation. With this
regularization, the loop transforms of that state are diffeomorphism
invariant. In other words, in this regularization, the diffeomorphism
considers the framing dependent objects as invariants. All
coefficients in the expansion of the expectation value of the Wilson
loop, and in particular all the independent components of each
coefficient (the Vassiliev invariants) we discussed before, are
annihilated by the diffeomorphism constraint. That is, in the
regularization chosen, both the framing independent and the framing
dependent invariants are annihilated by the diffeomorphism
constraint. It is still open to question if the use of
framing-dependent objects is warranted in quantum gravity, where the
whole formalism has been from the outset set up in terms of loops
without any | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.400162 | 1.910983 | -0.731517 | 0.289404 |
Canada's Negative Identity
by Pierre Langelier, contributing to Ocean Drive
It is only for God (the bestower and creator of forms), and perhaps for angels and intelligences, at once to recognize forms affirmatively from the first glance of contemplation; Man, at least, is unable to do so, and is only allowed to proceed first by negatives, and then to conclude with affirmatives, after every species of exclusion [Francis Bacon, Novum Organum, 1620, Book 2, aphorism 15].
In the complete grasp or experience of truth no negative judgment would remain. The aim of negation is elimination. In complete knowledge no trace of it survives [J.D. Mabbott, 1929].
There can be no discussion of Canadian identity without acknowledging the importance of geography, specifically its proximity to the United States. Historically, this relationship has involved an element of polarity according to two definitions of the word; both in terms of attraction and diametrical opposition. The former definition, what George Grant would call the "continental pull," is perhaps an inevitable result of setting up camp next to a hegemon. This first polarity is reflected by the irresistible attraction of Canadians towards American consumerism and culture — if indeed we are to consider both of those as separate. The second polarity, or diametrical opposition, could be misconstrued as a knee-jerk reaction to the first if it were not, in some ways, prior to it. This opposition is illustrated by the common saying that Canadian identity can be defined as simply "not being American."
The foundation of Lower and Upper Canada, from 1791 onward, was based on an affirmation; namely that their respective traditions were something worth protecting, thus limiting personal freedom in the name of collective good was justified. This is hardly a revelation.
What is interesting — and troubling — is the way in which a positive identity characterized by the importance placed on institutions in preserving a central ethno-cultural tradition as opposed to the American principles of unrestrained individualism has eroded, leaving only that vestigial opposition
Indeed, the central fact of 20th century Canadian history is the reversal from a positive to a negative identity. We could go as far as to say that its History is, in fact, a History of negation: the rejection of the American ideal, followed by a double deracination; the emancipation from — or negation of — the European motherland, coupled with the rejection of the very idea of a core European identity by Pierre Trudeau and his successors.
Negative identity, according to developmental psychology, is closely associated with adolescence and consists in defining oneself by what one was not, as opposed to what one is. To quote the actor Mike Myers: "Canada is the essence of not being. Not English, not American, it is the mathematic of not being." We have clearly entered into the vaporous realm of pure ontology.
Of course, the meaning of non-being or negation has preoccupied a great many thinkers over the years in a wide variety of disciplines; from philosophy to proposition logic to linguistics and psycho-linguistics. In The Sophist, for example, Plato inferred that "When we say not-being, we speak...not of something which is the opposite of being, but only of something different."1
It follows, then, that the negative proposition "A is not B" (Canada is not America) presupposes the existence of the variable C (an undefined Canadian identity) which is incompatible with, or other than, B. A number of questions arise from this apparently simple observation. Who is in charge of defining B — the America that Canada is supposedly not — and, consequently, to whom does it devolve to define C?
Arguably, the antipodal inversion from a positive to a negative identity has articulated itself around a central pivot; namely the structuralizing virtue of institutions. From the belief that institutions served to preserve a positive identity, Canada has now come to view the institutions themselves as constitutive of identity.
In a 2011 study, the Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP) points to a number of surveys as proof that "Multiculturalism has become part of the Canadian identity" with respondents ranking it, along with health care and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, among the most important national symbols.2 Another poll commissioned by the Association of Canadian Studies claims that 94% of | [
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respondents viewed health care as an "important source of collective pride." Interestingly, the editor of the IRPP study, Jeffrey G. Reitz, speculates that "Canadian pride in multiculturalism may be to some extent reinforced by its role in defining Canadian identity vis-à-vis the United States."
As an intellectual exercise, let us assume these findings are actually representative of broad public opinion. The belief that multiculturalism, healthcare, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms are central to national pride is indicative of Canadians viewing their identity as a de-personalized externality. To reiterate, this implies that A (Canada) is not B (America) because C (institutions exist that are in opposition to B). We are left with a perversion of the original ideal, concerning the structuralizing importance of institutions as a mechanism of differentiation; of course in this case the institutions serve to preserve a negative, as opposed to a positive, identity. This conflation of institutions and identity, indeed, this identification with the very institutions that seek to suppress them is, for Whites, a form of Stockholm syndrome in the strictest sense.
All the above also applies, in a similar vein, to Quebec; the dynamic between it, the Rest of Canada and the United States could be described, then, as a trilinear polarity, once again both in terms of attraction and opposition. Once the affirmation of a central ethno-cultural (and thus exclusive) identity became (or was made to become) unacceptable, nationalist discourse shifted towards the French language as an inclusive constitutive element: language being, of course, yet another institution. A national identity based solely on a shared language is necessarily a negation of both race and culture; it is then an only slightly more stringent form of multiculturalism.
The way in which Canadian identity, today, is constructed via institutional mediation; that is, as an internalization of externalities, suggests that, in the void left by the erosion of White racial consciousness, we have conceded to institutions, to paraphrase Shakespeare, the duty to "give to airy nothing a local habitation and a name."3
This hunkering down — on multiculturalist policies or on the French language — can be interpreted not only in terms of polarity but also ontologically; as attempts to ward off the specter of non-being. According to the Aristotelian Law of Contradictions, the propositions A is B (Canada is America) and A is not B (Canada is not America) cannot simultaneously be true; whether or not classical logic is applicable to questions of collective identity, it certainly holds that the existence of such a paradox is far from conducive to any lasting sense of national unity. For Hegel as for many philosophers, "an unresolved contradiction is a sign of error;" contradictory opposites, if left unchecked, lead to a sort of phase cancellation, borrowing a phenomenon from acoustics, and the ensuing silence of non-being.4 Therefore, the hegemony of multiculturalist doctrine — and its unilingual variant in Quebec — is a synthetic solution, in Hegelian dialectical terms, derived from the conflict between a thesis and its antithesis. Obviously it was but one possible synthesis among many.
National identity, in a sense, is a zero sum game. As Spinoza famously said, Omnis determinatio est negatio — every determination is a negation. Ethnic pluralism is the affirmation of the Many through the negation of the One. Undoubtedly, the ideological subversion of a nation-concept is most effective when it is formulated in familiar terms — if it is articulated around a central pivot, origin myth or institution which creates the illusion of continuity. In all European nations as well as its former colonies, it is increasingly clear that egalitarianism has been an ideological dead end and a testament to finite minds and the inherent fallibility of Man. May this negation be a temporary setback on the path towards our ultimate affirmation.
[1] Plato, "The Sophist," 257B. Quoted by Laurence Horn, A Natural History of Negation, 2001, p. 5
[2] Jeffrey G. Reitz, Pro-immigration Canada. Social and Economic Roots of Popular Views, IRPP, 2011
[3] A Midsummer Night's Dream 5.1.7
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Tonka toys for big boys – the Barbarian does the lot
Mitsubishi L200 Double Cab 2.5 DI-D Barbarian road test and review
The Barbarian graphics are hard to miss on the L200's flanks.
Like Tonka toys for grown-ups, Mitsubishi's Barbarian is big and brash, will go anywhere and do anything. Wheelworldreviews.co.uk editor DAVID HOOPER spent a week getting to know one.
PICK-UP trucks were once the exclusive steeds of tradesmen – but not any more! Today they have become something of a fashion statement, blinged up to their headlights with chromed shiny bits and bold graphics.
While many are still used as reliable workhorses, the rise of the "Lifestyle" sector has seen more and more of them find homes in private hands, rather than on the books of businesses, although being classed as a commercial vehicle does mean business owners can reclaim the VAT.
This rise in popularity has seen vehicles like Mitsubishi's L200 range take a sharp turn upmarket – where there was once vinyl seats, or hard-wearing cloth materials, there is now leather. Where once upon a time hairy builders covered in brick dust would stick their arms out of an open window, there is now air conditioning.
The L200 is a big vehicle – so long it would only just fit on my drive, and I nearly stuck the towbar through my garage door on more than one occasion. It's strong too, capable of towing an impressive 2,700Kg.
The Barbarian model I've been testing is towards the top of the range, sitting just above the popular Warrior as part of Mitsubishi's "High Series". You can have one with either an open back, or various covers, like the one on my test truck which encloses the load bay and is hinged at the rear, opening on gas struts, or more substantial designs that make them look like estate cars on steroids.
You really can't miss the Barbarian graphics, but you also get 17in alloy wheels chrome trim everywhere, surrounding the rear lamps, door mirror casings and handles, a sporty front grille and a reversing camera, which proved very useful indeed as it was quite difficult to see, especially with passengers on board, where the back of the truck was.
The camera was integrated with the Kenwood hi-fi and sat nav system, which I didn't fin
d the most intuitive system to use, and the writing on the buttons was so small it was almost impossible to see – especially when driving.
In the front, I found the seats quite comfortable, although my rear passengers were beginning to get restless after an hour or so on the road, mainly due to the more upright seating position provided in the rear cab, but at least they had comfortable leather seats upon which to perch.
Power comes from Mitsubishi's well-proven 2.5-litre DI-D DOHC diesel engine and a five-speed manual gearbox as standard, or a fully automatic INVECS-II option which was fitted to my test car. The engine in the Barbarian produces 175bhp and 258lb ft of torque. The vehicles are also equipped with a proper four-wheel-drive system with 2WD high, 4WD high and 4WD low ratios, plus a locking rear differential.
Once installed behind the wheel, the Barbarian proved to be as easy to drive as your average family car. Due to the height of the vehicle, the seats are set quite low, and you sit with your legs out in front of you, but it's not at all uncomfortable.
The power steering is low geared, which takes a little bit of getting used to. I found myself hav
ing to increase the steering angle to make the Barbarian go where I intended it to, but this was just a case of getting used to a different vehicle.
The automatic gearbox was an unexpected bonus, and worked smoothly enough, although as with all automatics, was rarely in the right gear at the right time, especially when tackling bends and roundabouts, but taking charge of the gear changes myself by way of nudging the gear selector up or down, improved matters.
From June, Mitsubishi will be offering a "Black" version of the Barbarian, which as its name | [
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Blue Jays expect pitcher Carlos Ramirez to keep rolling
Steve Buffery
Feb 18, 2018 • Last Updated February 18, 2018 • 4 minute read
Blue Jays' Carlos Ramirez prepares to pitch at spring training in Dunedin, Fla. on Sunday, Feb. 18, 2018. Photo by Frank Gunn /The Canadian Press
DUNEDIN, Fla. — Pete Walker is the Blue Jays' pitching coach not their publicity director. But he did think there was a very significant under-reported story from last season.
The story of right-handed pitcher Carlos Ramirez.
The Jays, of course, did not have a good season in 2017, going 76-86 after making the playoffs two years in a row. But there were some highlights — Justin Smoak's break out, Marcus Stroman's performance, the way relief pitchers Ryan Tepera, Danny Barnes and Dominic Leone developed.
But the biggest feel-good story was probably the break out year Ramirez enjoyed.
The story isn't new but hasn't lost its lustre. The Jays signed the native of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic as an international free agent outfielder in 2009 but he never really found his stride at the plate.
In 2014, the organization asked the 6-5, 205 pound righty to try pitching. A potential star was born.
The transition was pretty consistent from the start and Ramirez had an excellent 2016 campaign, but really exploded on to the scene as a pitcher last year. He started the season in Double A New Hampshire where he pitched 23.2 innings in 18 appearances without giving up an earned run, striking out 29. After being promoted to Triple-A Buffalo, Ramirez allowed only six hits, three walks and not a single run in seven appearances (14 IP).
Then it was up to Toronto as a September call-up, making his major league debut against the Baltimore Orioles, pitching two perfect innings with two K's. In 12 appearances with the Jays, the lanky right-hander pitched to a 2.70 ERA in 16.2 innings, giving up only six hits and three walks. He didn't give up a run until his eighth appearance.
Needless to say, Ramirez has soundly placed himself in a position to make the big team out of spring training.
"There were a few good stories from last year and he was one of them," said Walker. "What he did didn't seem to be talked about too much but it certainly deserved to be. The numbers he put up and the streak that he had at the Double-A, Triple-A and even the big league level was unreal.
"It was unbelievable what he did and to match that again would be remarkable. And if he comes close, it would be great for us," Walker added.
Ramirez has above average stuff, a fastball-slider guy with good movement and a natural tail to his 92-93 mph fastball. But what makes the 26-year-old truly effective is the deception in his delivery.
"He's long, so that ball seems to get on you quicker than the velocity shows," said Walker. "I think it's the length and the release. His release point is a little closer than most. He gets down that slope pretty good and I think that makes a difference. He hides it well, he's kind of arms and legs coming at you. And the way he can spin a baseball is exceptional. That ball keeps going on his breaking ball. And when you see major leaguers not getting good swings on somebody, you know something's up. From the naked eye watching from him behind, you see good action but until you see someone swing and miss like that at the major league level, you know you got something special."
"The hitters don't pick up on the ball," added Jays manager John Gibbons. "Especially that little slider, they swing through that thing, they don't read it. Of course (a lot of the MLB hitters) don't know him yet either. But there's just something different about him. A big part of pitching is deception and my impression was they had trouble picking the ball up, which is always going | [
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The Real Hot 100 Billboard 200 Pop Latin R&B/Hip-Hop Podcasts Chart Beat
Zac Brown Reveals Diplo & Skrillex-Influenced Dance-Pop Project Sir Rosevelt: Interview
9/30/2016 by Steve Baltin
Andy Sapp
Zac Brown of Zac Brown Band photographed in 2014.
"I'm sick of being in a bucket."
Country star Zac Brown dropped a surprise on fans this morning: three tracks by new project Sir Rosevelt, a trio featuring with Niko Moon and Ben Simonetti that combines southern pop with dance grooves.
Partly inspired by watching artists like Jack U, the dance music super pairing that unites Skrillex and Diplo, Brown says he has found an outlet to explore styles and sounds that go beyond the roots foundation that multi-platinum Zac Brown Band -- which, he reassures, isn't going anywhere and in fact has a new album on the way -- is known for.
In his first interview on Sir Rosevelt, Brown explains the origins of the trio, how the band fits into his musical pantheon and why he is excited to stretch beyond the country bucket.
When you have played Sir Rosevelt for people do they know it's you?
Some people do, some people don't. It's fun, we get to explore all the other influences that we like and I think it's just got a lot more international appeal. It's not shoved in a bucket like country music is.
Turn it up and watch @SirRosevelt's debut music video, Sunday Finest! #NewMusicFriday pic.twitter.com/6KHPP0egHd
— Sir Rosevelt (@SirRosevelt) September 29, 2016
Is there a song that defined the sound of this record early on?
When we started creating it we got the first few tunes done and we were literally dancing around the bus excited about it. We just kept going and going and evolving, getting better at it as time went on. And the songs were better too. Then when we had a few people that came on the bus and heard it they were like, "Whoa." So it's been very reactive, people liked it a lot. I played it in all different walks of life. I played it for my super hick buddies I go camping with and [they] were straight white people dancing to it.
Are there artists that you admire in the way they have evolved?
We started listening to Jack U, Diplo and Skrillex, and I love listening to that music. So both of those guys and their production styles, I can definitely say the more EDM style was influenced by them and Avicii, DJ Snake, Calvin Harris, people that are a little more open with sounds and borrow from different vocalists. There are three of us that sing in Sir Rosevelt, so it allows us to come from different angles on the vocals. We'll be able to play a residency in Vegas and we'll be able to do late-night TV, we'll be able to play with a big band as well. There are really no rules for it. We had kind of an absurd song on the record called "Robert Baker," and that might end up being one of the most popular songs because there are no rules to it. Curiosity as artists leads us to different things and different places and I think this will go a lot of places ZBB hasn't gone.
Are there songs you're excited to play live?
"Sunday Finest," we just shot the video for that, it's going to be really amazing. The image campaign for Sir Rosevelt and all that stuff, it's just different. Sir Rosevelt is a little more of a persona and we dress up, three-piece Tom Ford suits and it's a little more refined visually. I want our stage performance to be art as well, so you're entertained by the music and helping make people dance. But you're also intrigued and what you're looking at is very interesting, the fact we can perform and sing live is going to be a big strength compared to a normal DJ.
Are there artists that have really inspired the visual and stage show?
Absolutely, the people like David Gilmore, Pink Floyd, that there was this art that was happening with the build in the live performance of the show, David Byrne and Talk | [
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ing Heads. Visually a lot of the electronic artists have really interesting video and interesting things like that. We want to bring something really fresh to the table for what accompanies our live performance. We're definitely gonna have dancers and have that energy onstage. And there are gonna be props as well, they'll be part of the art.
Do you think fans will be accepting of the style switch?
We're still gonna make the down the middle music that's Zac Brown Band. When we cover a Chainsmokers song in our live show with ZBB people are dancing and going crazy. I think it's up to us to make sure what we're doing has that mojo in it that makes people feel something, regardless of their background. Some people are gonna hate anything, they're gonna hate when anybody tries to go or do anything and that's usually the people who don't ever create anything themselves.
Does having both projects stimulate you more musically?
Absolutely, it was necessary because after I played 90 something shows last year I was really burnt playing the majority of the same songs every night. This gave me a feeling like I had the first time I ever had a band and we were in a garage playing music together, the first time two or three instruments lock together and people start singing. There's no fluff on the Sir Rosevelt record. They're all really good in different veins, different colors and stories. You're having a party, put this record on.
What do you take from this record and what did you learn from it?
It's definitely looking at a timeline when we go back and listen to where we started and the stuff that we were excited about really early on are kind of our least favorite now. I feel like reflectively when we look back that there's a lot more to come, that we can do a lot more and develop this live show. Just for example, the video we made for "Sunday's Finest" is the greatest music video that I've ever made. We'll be somewhere between a DJ and a live band and I think we do both of those things well.
Will we ever see ZBB and Sir Rosevelt share a bill?
Yeah, absolutely, and also we've paid for all that production with Zac Brown Band, it'd be easy for Sir Rosevelt to play the after party because somebody is gonna go drink somewhere anyway.
Who would be the dream artists to do remixes off this album?
Definitely Sonny, I'd love have Skrillex on this stuff. I've already hit Diplo up about it, I've been waiting to hear back from him. Drake would be another guy we'd love to work with one day and then DJ Snake, Calvin Harris, there are just a bunch of them that make legitimate music like that.
What is the timeline for when people will hear this?
Well, pretty soon. First we're gonna announce the new Zac Brown Band record that's coming because I don't want anybody to be running around scared that I've quit my band. So this is just another brand that's exploring a different sound and music, a lot more world-type stuff too. You can't really take Zac Brown Band and go play Germany and Switzerland because when we're forced to be called something, which people generally call us a country band, it closes the doors in some places. Even though our touring is unrivaled and we've been extremely blessed in those categories this won't have that kind of stigma to it. It's hard to crossover once some people coin you as something, so it would take a different persona like this for us to get a fresh look in other areas.
Is this a way to make a fresh start out of the country world as a musician and personality?
Yeah, and this is the outlet I get to do that because we're criticized and given one-star reviews now for people saying this isn't country. Well, we had to pick one category on iTunes to release our record, we had to pick country. So people got our last record, would listen to "Heavy Is The Head," the song we did with Chris Cornell. They would listen to that record, say, "This isn't country, one star." Its either good or it's not, I'm sick of being in a bucket, here's Sir Rosevelt.
Where would be the ultimate party to play this and the scenario with which you are doing it?
Coachella, a lot of | [
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Castro embodied the weakness of strongmen
Non Semper Fidel
26 November 2016 By Martin Langfield
Charismatic Cuban leader Fidel Castro, who has died aged 90, resembled other paternalistic strongmen of right and left in his outsized ego, which ultimately stymied his people. Cubans, like other Latin Americans, need institutions more than saviors.
Castro showed that revolutions are like startups. Founders often need to step aside if their creation is to prosper. When the boss clings to power, the dream may wither and die. The self-belief that led Castro to think in 1956 that a ragtag band of rebels under his command could overthrow Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship within a couple of years was not that different to the "reality-distortion field" sometimes attributed to Apple co-founder Steve Jobs. The latter had to step away from his creation in disgrace before eventually returning to the helm an arguably wiser man. Castro stayed put for five decades.
Fidel, indeed, became a brand. He inspired millions of Latin Americans and others around the world to fight injustice and abuse of power in their home countries, and rightly so. Improvements in healthcare and education under the Cuban revolution were commendable. A generation of more moderate leftist leaders in the region, who have combined concern for the poor with less violent, more pragmatic means, owes him much.
But like all strongmen and purveyors of magical political fixes to complex problems, Castro also infantilized his people. Improving social conditions went hand in hand with draconian restrictions on the press and individual freedoms, as though only the ubiquitous father figure – often not even named in Cuba but represented by a hand gesture indicating his famous beard – knew best. He rarely held a conversation he didn't want to dominate.
Cuba's government, now led by Fidel's 85-year-old brother Raul, claimed in 2014 that the island's economy had suffered to the tune of $117 billion over 55 years because of the U.S. embargo against its communist policies. Breakingviews calculated at the time that a more free-market approach might have allowed Cuba to attain Puerto Rico's annual GDP per capita of $27,000, some four times higher than the revolution had by then achieved.
Castro was worshipped by the late Venezuelan leftist caudillo Hugo Chavez, whose incompetent successor Nicolas Maduro is tanking the economy of a nation with the world's largest oil reserves. Maduro's government responded recently to opposition efforts to force a referendum that might oust him by shutting the process down on grounds of alleged fraud. Chavistas have hollowed out or greatly weakened the Andean country's institutions such as courts and parliament. Raul Castro has pledged to step down as Cuba's president in 2018, finally ending the brothers' personalization of the country's leadership institutions. Maduro would serve his country's poor best by pondering the weakness of strongmen such as Fidel, and then imitating Raul.
Context News
Fidel Castro, the Cuban revolutionary leader who built a communist state on the doorstep of the United States and for five decades defied U.S. efforts to topple him, died on Nov. 25, aged 90.
Then Cuban President Fidel Castro glances over his shoulder during the May Day commemoration at Revolution Square in Havana, in this May 1, 2004 file photo. Picture taken May 1, 2004. REUTERS/Rafael Perez/Files
Breakingviews is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.
Reuters: Former Cuban leader Fidel Castro dies aged 90
Latam's poor need institutions more than saviors
Cuba's coming boom: A cautionary Caribbean tale
Cuba's policies worse for GDP than U.S. embargo
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Football at the 1904 Summer Olympics
Title: Football at the 1904 Summer Olympics
Subject: Football at the Summer Olympics, Canada men's national soccer team, Great Britain Olympic football team, List of Olympic venues in discontinued events, 1904 in association football
Collection: 1904 in Association Football, 1904 Summer Olympics Events, 1904–05 in American Soccer, Football at the 1904 Summer Olympics, Football at the Summer Olympics, International Association Football Competitions Hosted by the United States, Soccer in St. Louis, Missouri
at the Games of the III Olympiad
Francis Field
36 from 2 nations
Medalists
Galt F.C.
Christian Brothers College
St. Rose Parish
At the 1904 Summer Olympics, a football event was contested. Only three club teams competed. Medals were awarded at the time, at least to the Canadian team. The 1904 contest is considered to be an official contest by the IOC but not by FIFA.
The 1904 Games were spread over several months, linked to the St Louis World's Fair, and football was the last sport to be contested, in November. The tournament was played as a straight round robin, although the game between Christian Brothers College and St. Rose Parish was replayed twice due to two 0-0 draws.
Medal table 1
Medal summary 2
Men's football 3.1
Squads 4
Canadian team Galt F.C. won the Gold Medal.
1 Canada (CAN) 1 0 0 1
2 United States (USA) 0 1 1 2
According to a report in the Toronto Mail and Empire newspaper of November 18, 1904, medals were awarded to the players in St. Louis. The report states that "Immediately after the game, the Galt aggregation, numbering about 50 persons, retired to the office of James E. Sullivan, chief of the Department of Physical Culture, where they received their prize. After a short talk by Mr. James A. Conlon, of the Physical Culture Department, Mayor Mundy, of the City of Galt, presented each player on the winning team with a beautiful gold medal." The medal awarded to Fred Steep of Galt, held by The Soccer Hall of Fame and Museum in Vaughan, Ontario, clearly shows that the medals were made in St. Louis, Missouri.
Medal summary
Men's football Galt F.C.
Canada Christian Brothers College
United States St. Rose Parish
1 Galt F.C. Canada 2 0 1.000 11 0
2 Christian Brothers College United States 1 1 .500 2 7
3 St. Rose Parish United States 0 2 .000 0 6
Galt Football Club 7–0 Christian Brothers College
Gordon McDonald 2'
Alexander Hall 3'
Frederick Steep
Thomas Taylor
Galt Football Club 4–0 St. Rose Parish
Thomas Taylor 2'
Albert Hendersen
William Twaits
St. Rose Parish 0–0 Christian Brothers College
November 21[1]
(scorers unknown)
Galt F.C. had little difficulty with either of the American squads, defeating them both without being scored upon. The American teams played two scoreless draws before Christian Brothers College finally won a match against St. Rose, 2-0.
Galt Football Club - Players Albert Ernest Linton George Ducker John B. Gourlay Albert Johnston Robert "Bobby" George Lane Thomas "Tom" Taylor Otto Christman Frederick William Steep William Twaits Albert Henderson Gordon McDonald John "Jack" Fraser Parnell Orde Gourlay Alexander Noble Hall
Team Manager: Louis Blake Duff
^ That match was not part of the Olympic tournament; it only counted for the Christian League, to which both teams belonged, RSSSF
RSSSF
Events at the 1904 Summer Olympics (St. Louis)
Basketball (demonstration)
Gaelic football (unofficial)
Football at the Summer Olympics
List of medalists
United States men's national soccer team matches
FIFA Confederations Cup Final
CONCACAF Gold Cup Finals
Olympic Games Final
United States v England (1950)
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Tag: Android smartphone
Gionee M6 could revolutionize Android smartphone security
Amanda Giasson | July 15, 2016
The new smartphone from Gionee will be equipped with a new encrypted chip for higher security.
Gionee M6 has a hardware security solution that could result in this Android phone solving privacy problems. Shenzhen-based Chinese smartphone manufacturer Gionee is the creator behind the new yet-to-be-released smartphone. The company is working on solving mobile security privacy issues by focusing on hardware instead of software. Gionee intends to achieve this goal with a new encrypted chip that will be incorporated directly into the design of the M6 smartphone.
Gionee claims that no other smartphone manufacturer works on hardware encryption.
Recently there have been may rumors regarding Gionee developing hardware security tech. Now, the company's vice president Yu Lei confirmed that they are releasing the new Gionee M6 with an encrypted chip.
The basic idea behind this type of hardware encryption is that it is self-contained. It has the potential to minimize the attack surface for a device.
The company claims that its new security system will not be compromised like software level security. Software security is at a greater risk of attack because encryption takes place at the operating system level.
According to a news article from Hindustan Times, a source from Gionee said that "Most smartphone companies, such as those building Android phones, tend to focus their privacy and security efforts on the software side."
The source pointed out that although some companies have implemented certain hardware security measure, such as Apple's Touch ID, such features are still inefficient when it comes to protecting information stored on the smartphone.
"As soon as someone manages to pass through the lock screen, the information can be freely viewed," said the source.
Gionee M6 is expected to be priced lower than its competition.
Gionee has not yet released the price of their new device, which is expected to launch in China on July 26. It is likely that the Gionee M6 will be more affordable than its competitors the Turing phone, Blackphone and Blackphone 2. If this is the case, it would mean that more consumers would have access to an Android phone with high security.
Presently, less than 10% of Android smartphones are sufficiently encrypted. Millions of current Android devices are infected with malware strains. If the Gionee's M6 encryption chip works as well as they claim, this could be very good for Android's mobile security future.
BlackBerry PRIV available for pre-order in Canada
BWild | October 29, 2015
The first Android based smartphone from the vendor can now be purchased by Canadians.
Canadians have now become the first consumers to be able to buy a BlackBerry PRIV in advance of its release, which is expected to occur in mid-November, though the company has yet to officially release a launch date.
The PRIV will be the first BlackBerry handset to be based on Google's Android operating system.
This device has now been opened up for preorders within the Canadian market. Though there is no date published for the release of the BlackBerry PRIV, the company is hoping that consumers will start to get on board in buying the device ahead of time, when they know that there is an imminent launch date ahead – even if they don't know exactly when that will be. This will represent the first time a smartphone from the company will be running on an operating system that was developed by a company other than itself.
The company is hoping that the BlackBerry PRIV will help to revive its floundering handset sales.
Since there is a relatively small BlackBerry customer base at the moment, the majority of developers have stopped creating mobile apps for that operating system. Instead, they have chosen to develop apps for Apple's iOS and for Google's Android, where the markets are exponentially larger. This drop in app available has caused BlackBerry to lose a tremendous amount of interest from customers.
Recently, it attempted to create a new appeal for its devices by making it possible for Android apps to be run on BlackBerry 10 through the Amazon app store. However, that didn't produce the results for which they were hoping.
Now, the BlackBerry PRIV will take this effort a step further by dropping the BlackBerry operating system and using Android, instead, while still providing the hardware features that consumers have come to enjoy from | [
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Trade Mark Infringement – Muslim Dating App Meets its Match []
Cristiane Teixeira FlirtWith review 0 Comment
A recent Intellectual Property Enterprise Court has decided that 'Muzmatch', an online matchmaking service to the Muslim Community has infringed Match's registered trade marks.
The decision by Nicholas Caddick Q.C was that Muzmatch's use of signs and its name amounted to trade mark infringement and/or passing off of Match's trade marks. This case follows successful oppositions by Match to Muzmatch's registration of its , and unsuccessful attempts by Match to purchase Muzmatch between 2017 and 2019.
In the list of the keywords used, Muzmatch used the words 'muslim-tinder', 'tinder' and 'halal-tinder' which were accepted by Muzmatch during the litigation to have infringed Match's trade marks of the Tinder brand including the word mark 'TINDER'
Match is one of the largest and most recognisable dating platforms in the UK. It first registered a word mark 'MATCH' in 1996 and also owns other dating-related brands including Tinder and Hinge with other TNS report to illustrate its goodwill and reputation and 70% of people surveyed would be able to recall Match if prompted, 44% unprompted and 31% of people would name Match as the first dating brand off the 'top of their head.'
Muzmatch is a comparatively niche but growing dating platform, which aims to provide a halal (i.e. in compliance with Islamic law) way for single Muslim men and women to meet a partner. Muzmatch is comparatively much smaller and was founded in 2011 by Mr Shahzad Younas and now has had around 666,069 sign-ups in the UK alone.
The Court considered that the marks 'Muzmatch' and 'MATCH' and each company's graphical marks, had a high degree of similarity in the services provided. The marks were also similar in nature orally and conceptually and the addition of the prefix 'Muz' did not distinguish the two marks, nor could the lack of the suffix '' or stylistic fonts/devices.
The key issue of the case relates to the idea of the term 'Match' which is used by both marks to describe the nature of the business: match[ing]. Muzmatch argued that as both marks share this descriptive common element, so it is difficult to conclude that there is a likelihood of confusion between the two marks as the term just describes what each business does.
The Court found that finding that there is a likelihood of confusion for a common descriptive element is not impossible, as the descriptive element can be used distinctively. The average consumer would conclude that the portion 'Match' is the badge of origin for Match due to its reputation as a brand and the very substantial degree of distinctiveness in the dating industry. An average consumer would have seen the word 'Match' as the dominant element in the Match trade marks and Match is often referred to as just 'Match' in advertisements.
Aside from its marks, Muzmatch utilised a Search Engine Optimisation strategy from whereby it utilised a list of around 5000 keywords which would take a user to a landing page on the its website. Muzmatch's SEO use was also found to cause confusion based on some of its keywords including 'UK Muslim Match', which again uses the term Match distinctively, therefore a consumer may confuse a link to 'UK Muslim Match' with 'Match'.
An average consumer would conclude that Muzmatch was connected in a material way with the Match marks, as if it was targeted at Muslim users as a sub-brand, so this confusion would be trade mark infringement under S10(2) of the Trade Marks Act 1994.
The Court also considered that Muzmatch had taken unfair advantage of Match's trade marks and had therefore infringed those marks under S10(3) of the Trade Marks Act 1994. This was due to the reputation of Match's trade marks and because a consumer would believe that Muzmatch was a sub-brand of Match.
The Court rejected Muzmatch's defence of honest concurrent use and found that Match would also have an alternative claim in the tort of passing off.
Therefore, the Court found that there was likely to be confusion between Muzmatch and Match because of the distinctive nature of the term 'Match' in the world of | [
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DANIEL SLOSS: SOCIO
THE NEW COMEDY SPECIAL FROM THE CREATOR OF NETFLIX DARK and JIGSAW and DANIEL SLOSS: X
Filmed in 2019, Paramount Theatre Austin Texas… and finally released in 2022
Press Quotes | Images | Video | Gigs | Links | News
Daniel Sloss by Gavin Evans
Internationally acclaimed and award-winning Scottish comedian, Daniel Sloss started writing and performing stand-up aged only 16. He has two hour-long Netflix specials: Daniel Sloss: Live Shows ( DARK and Jigsaw ) in 190 countries and in 26 languages. A concert film of his tenth solo show Daniel Sloss: X , filmed during its global juggernaut of a tour, spanning an extraordinary 300 performances around the world, has been released on HBO in the USA and Canada and on the big screen in Vue Cinemas across the UK. To date, Daniel has appeared on The Graham Norton Show , USA's Conan ten times, performed live in 50 countries and his work has seen him hailed worldwide as one on the most ground-breaking and successful comedians of his generation, both on and off screen. He is 30.
[Click on any of the headings below to expand their text.]
Biog continued
By the time he was 21 years old, Daniel had recorded his first DVD (2Entertain) and made television appearances including UK's Sunday Night at the Palladium , BBC's Stand Up For Sport Relief (with Tyson Fury) Michael McIntyre's Comedy Roadshow , Set List , Paul O'Grady Show (Daniel's TV debut, aged 18), Russell Howard's Good News as well as had his own BBC show, The Adventures Of Daniel . He also wrote, produced and starred in a six-part internet sitcom M.U.F.F and, in 2012, gave a prestigious TEDx talk on censorship. He has featured on USA UTV's The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson and appeared a record-breaking ten times on Conan .
In August 2008, aged 17, Daniel became one of the youngest-ever finalists in the UK's premiere comedy competition So You Think You're Funny? . In 2009, his first solo show, Teenage Kicks , premiered at the Edinburgh Fringe, sold out the entire run, and transferred to London, where he made his debut at the prestigious Soho Theatre, becoming the youngest stand-up to perform solo both at the theatre and in the West End. That September, still just 18, he also made his national television debut as the first stand-up to perform on Channel 4's Paul O'Grady Show .
In 2010, his new solo Fringe show My Generation was a smash-hit, selling out every performance. His 2011 follow-on, The Joker , sold an astonishing 10,000 tickets, subsequently touring for 50 dates across the UK in a tour produced by Live Nation, after they took him on as their youngest solo comedy client. In 2011, he was also hailed as the Best New Comedian at the Scottish Variety Awards .
In March 2012, he recorded his debut live stand-up DVD, Daniel Sloss—Live! , (at Glasgow's Kings Theatre) which was released on BBC Worldwide's 2Entertain in the autumn. His 2012 Fringe show, The Show , was a sold-out smash-hit at the Edinburgh International Conference Centre (EICC), remarkably playing to over 10,000 people.
Similarly, 2013's Stand-Up repeated the Edinburgh success at EICC, and both the 2012 and 2013 shows each toured the UK, with over 50 dates each.
In December 2013, after being spotted at the Edinburgh Fringe, Daniel made the first of many appearances on US late-night TV show Conan , as well as guesting on cult TV favourite The Pete Holmes Show .
His 2014 show Really…?! had its world premiere at the Edinburgh Fringe, with another extended run at the EICC | [
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due to demand. Daniel subsequently embarked on a major European autumn tour, performing 20 shows across 15 countries, as well as UK theatre dates including two shows at London's Royal Albert Hall, Elgar Room. He ended the year filming the Internet sitcom M.U.F.F which he co-created, co-produced and also starred in.
2014 also saw Daniel offered a talent deal with Conan O'Brien's production company, Conaco and Warner Brothers Studios. Returning to LA in September, Daniel appeared on Comedy Central's @Midnight , CBS network's The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson and back in the UK on ITV's Sunday Night at the Palladium .
2015 began with Daniel's return to the Austrian Comedy and Snowboarding "Altitude Festival", and working in LA for pilot season. In August, his new solo hour DARK was hailed by audiences and press alike for its masterful handling of challenging subject matter and again sold over 10,000 tickets at his eighth season at the Edinburgh fringe (for the fifth consecutive year). He then embarked on his biggest tour to date, performing DARK for over 80 dates across the UK and throughout 16 countries in Europe.
In January 2016, Daniel extended DARK to a 90-minute version for its season in London at the Soho Theatre before taking it to the USA. He appeared on Conan for a fifth time, performed a run of DARK in LA at the Westside Comedy Theater, and made his solo debut in New York with an off-Broadway season of DARK in the Soho Playhouse, to great acclaim, being featured on the front page of the New York Times Arts section.
DARK transferred to Australia and New Zealand for sold-out seasons (winning the 2016 Sydney Comedy Festival Best of the Fest Award [International]), Perth, Auckland, and, for Daniel's long-awaited debut at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival. The four-week MICF season of DARK sold out. Extra shows sold out as fast as they could be added and he featured on Australian TV galas, including the MICF Oxfam Gala, NZ Comedy Fest's Best Bits gala and on Sydney Comedy Festival's Cracker Night .
After a brief trip to the US for seasons in San Francisco and Madison, and making a record-breaking sixth appearance on Conan , Daniel returned to the UK in order to appear at the Glastonbury and Latitude Festivals, before returning to Montreal's Just For Laughs Festival for TV galas and to perform a season of DARK prior to the 2016 Edinburgh Fringe, where he unveiled his next new show Daniel Sloss—So? .
The August 2016 premiere of Daniel Sloss—So? at the EICC was another huge hit, exceeding previous audience figures and receiving universal press acclaim. Daniel toured So? extensively (over 120 dates) throughout the UK and Europe in the autumn of 2016, finishing up with a week-long pre-Christmas season at London's Soho Theatre.
January 2017 saw Daniel make his seventh appearance on Conan in January 2017, followed by a second off-Broadway season at the Soho Playhouse with Daniel Sloss—So? , as well as a week of late-night sets at the Comedy Cellar and Gotham comedy clubs. This was followed by a three-month tour of Australia and New Zealand, where his sold-out festival seasons and TV appearances received arve reviews and culminated in Daniel Sloss—So? being filmed before a packed house at Sydney's Enmore Theatre.
Returning to the UK, he featured on Comedy Central's Drunk History re-telling the story of William Wallace (hilariously portrayed by Keith Allen), and on Dave Channel's competitive gaming show, Dara O'Briain's Go 8 Bit . He returned to Glastonbury and premiered his new show, Daniel Sloss—Now , at 2017's Edinburgh Fringe (EICC), making his tenth appearance at the world's biggest arts festival.
His hilariously no-holds-barred performance on Comedy Central's Roast Battle , pitted against comedian Desiree Birch, was the most watched episode of the | [
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show's inaugural season.
This was followed by the 2017 autumn tour of Daniel Sloss—NOW —his biggest to date, with over 150 shows spanning the UK and stretching across 25 European countries, followed by three months touring America, as well as all around Australia. He also made his solo debut at the New York Comedy Festival, a guest of Conaco, and performed NOW .
In February 2018, Daniel taped DARK in Los Angeles at the Belasco Theater. Part of a two-specials deal with Netflix; it was announced in May that DARK , along with sequel show So? (now retitled Jigsaw ) was to stream worldwide on the platform in the summer of 2018.
2018 also saw Daniel performing his eighth set on Conan and opening for Dave Chappelle's two shows in San Francisco, as well as performing at that city's Sketchfest Comedy Festival, touring NOW to Cleveland, Madison, Denver and more. He returned to New York for a second season of DARK , again at the Soho Playhouse, prior to its being filmed.
From April to June, Daniel toured NOW across Australia and, upon his return to the UK, battled comedian Phil Wang in Comedy Central's Roast Battle Series 2 , the only two comedians to make a return appearance.
In August 2018, Daniel premiered his tenth solo full-length show, Daniel Sloss: X . This was his his 11th season at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, this time in an expanded venue capacity, playing to his biggest houses yet, to great press and audience acclaim and tackling his most challenging material to date.
On 11th Septemeber 2018, his 28th birthday, Netflix released both two-hour-long specials, Daniel Sloss: Live Shows ( DARK and Jigsaw ) in 190 countries and in 26 languages.
The specials each received critical acclaim but the "Jigsaw-effect" has sparked debate across the globe, becoming something of a cultural phenomenon, with a rising tally of breakups referenced on the Daniel Sloss Twitter page. As of January 2021, the tally stands at 120,000 breakups, 300 divorces and 350 cancelled engagements.
The live tour of Daniel Sloss: X sold out every show across 25 European countries as well as throughout the UK, with extra shows (in increasingly large venues) selling out as fast as they were added and with the tour being extended to run through 2019.
The 2018 live tour of Daniel Sloss: X sold out and, with the release of the Neflix shows, extended throughout all of 2019, becoming a global juggernaut that spanned 300 performances across 40 countries, including shows at the London Palladium, Japan, Hong Kong (during the riots), Singapore, and even playing a 3,500 seat arena in Moscow (Russia's biggest ever English-language comedy show that was also simultaneously translated over headsets). In August he brought the show back to where it all began with three encore shows to packed houses in Edinburgh's 3,200 seat Playhouse Theatre.
2019 also saw Daniel make a guest appearance on the Ricky Gervais is Deadly Sirius Podcast , made a return appearance on Bert Kreisher's Bertcast podcast, curated a season of films at Edinburgh's prestigious Filmhouse, the home of the Edinburgh International Film Festival, and in something that, in his wildest dreams, he never thought would happen, was turned into an official Marvel superhero by their graphic artists.
He performed two separate (and sold out) off-Broadway encore seasons of Daniel Sloss: X (February, three weeks performing two shows a day) and of Daniel Sloss: NOW (June, two weeks). These were in fact warm-ups for Daniel to get ready to tape two new comedy specials. X was filmed in Sydney's Enmore Theatre on 27th April, premiering on HBO in the USA and Canada on 2nd November, to great acclaim and subsequently making history with its UK release, becoming the first comedy special to make its national debut on the big screen, at Vue cinemas across the country in February 20 | [
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20.
The taping of NOW was co-produced by MZA and Live Nation Productions, the latter's first non-music production since the multi award-winning A Star Is Born . Retitled SOCIO for release, the second show at the Austin taping of SOCIO at the Paramount Theatre featured an extraordinary interaction with a far-right heckler in an electrifying and hilarious live comedy experience that was all caught on camera.
Whilst in New York with is 2019 X tour, Daniel was offered a major book deal with prestigious Penguin Random House imprint Knopf. Originally due to be published in the autumn of 2020, the book's release was delayed as a result of the global pandemic and Everyone You Hate is Going to Die will be now be simultaneously published by Knopf in the USA and Canada, and in UK and Australasia by William Heinemann, on 12th October 2021.
2020 started with great promise with the premiere of his 11th new show— Daniel Sloss: HUBRIS , which ran for a month in an off-Broadway theatre in New York and for a week-long season in Los Angeles. Phillip DeFranco, the YouTuber with over one billion views to his name, invited Daniel to be a guest on his A Conversation With… podcast, which was released in March.
Then, just as the Australian tour was about to start, the global pandemic hit and shut down the world's live entertainment industry. The UK went into a four-month total lockdown, during which Daniel took part in the first Saturday Night Live at the Stand , a live-streamed weekly comedy show based at the (empty) Edinburgh Comedy Club, which ran for most of 2020, and also the USA's comedy marathon livestream Comedy Gives Back fundraiser (alongside Hannibal Buress, Bill Burr, Whitney Cummings, Jimmy Fallon, Gilbert Gottfried, Ken Jeong, Bert Kreischer, Howie Mandel, Patton Oswalt, Ray Romano, Bob Saget, Adam Sandler and more…)
On the first weekend in July, at the opening weekend of the UK's first legal outdoor venue since Covid-19 hit, Daniel became the world's first stand-up comedian to tour again, initially performing three full-length shows at the Drive-In Club in London's Brent Cross. 600 people a night, safely bubbled in their cars, had the show broadcast via their radios honking and flashing their appreciation of what were Daniel's only drive in shows but which led the way for other sites to open across the country.
August 2020 saw the unimaginable happen, with none of the annual festivals in Edinburgh able to take place for the first time since the inception of the International and the Fringe in 1947.
Thanks to the resilience and imagination and of course extraordinary skills of people working in both the arts as well as the television industries, Daniel was invited to take part in some extraordinary mid-pandemic programming—the Edinburgh Festival Fringe's innovative four-episode weekly Fringe on Friday streamed shows, as well as The Edinburgh International Festival's My Light Shines On special programme. BBC's Edinburgh Nights filmed a special show covering all the Covid-cancelled August festivals, and Daniel was interviewed as an alumnus of the Edinburgh Fringe.
All through September, October and into November, right up until the UK locked down again, Daniel toured the UK nonstop, playing indoor venues, including comedy clubs, theatres and music venues (and indeed reopening many of them) with socially distanced audiences and with COVID-secure protocols in place. In some cities, he did as many as six performances, as dates sold out as fast as they could be added, and he ended the run with two performances at The London Palladium, who were able to accommodate over 1000 people with their strict COVID-19 protocols and having been the government pilot shows, which enabled them to become the first indoor venue to re-open in the country. The audiences wore masks, and safely being with so many other people all laughing together at a live show reduced many to tears at the end, as the first "normal" shared entertainment experience since March. The Palladium shows were followed by another five London shows at The Clapham Grand, with the last performance becoming the | [
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last live event anywhere in the UK before the third major lockdown came into effect on 5th November.
Early December also saw Daniel perform two shows in Inverness on the first weekend that indoor comedy shows were permitted in Scotland (however still only in the Highlands) since March. These were his last live events of the year and he subsequently increased his presence on Twitch, regularly playing online games and chatting with fans.
On 15 January 2021 Daniel made his first appearance on BBC's The Graham Norton Show , guesting alongside Rebel Wilson, Keeley Hawes, M. Night Shyamalan, Noel Clarke and more, and, because of the COVID-19 need for a virtual audience, getting to sit in the red chair as celebrity stand-in for the members of the public that Graham chatted to. The hilarious book cover for Everyone You Hate Is Going To Die was revealed on the show, and Daniel shared stories of touring in places like Russia—and drive-in car parks. Daniel also recorded his second A Conversation With podcast with Philip DeFranco.
With no UK live shows being permitted in January and February, April 2021 sees Daniel's rescheduled Australian tour on track to still take place with that country's quarantine procedures having successfully controlled the virus to the extent that live indoor entertainment is possible to stage safely and is happening. It is hoped that Daniel's UK shows can go ahead in the summer, and this will be followed by Europe-wide touring, and then the book release on 12th October, which will be supported by a substantial USA tour in October-November.
Daniel's comedy specials can be seen in 190 countries (in 26 languages) and his online stand-up clips have garnered well over 100 million views.
©MZA 2021. All rights reserved.
CONTENTS OR PARTS THEREOF MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION.
At 27, Scotland's Daniel Sloss has, incredibly, now racked up his tenth Fringe outing. Tackling taboos (death, grooming) has become his forte and this latest continues the trend. "X" is a stunner of a show.
✶✶✶✶✶ Mail On Sunday
Dirty, sweet and clever
– New York Times
Simply world class… hilarious… An endearingly unabashed blend of arrogance, awkwardness and self-effacing anecdotes delivered with precision timing, perfectly-placed silence and (the) unfettered confidence… Nothing is off limits… Sloss skilfully weaves sensitive subject matter into a hilarious tapestry of politically incorrect and sexually inappropriate zingers… his humour intelligently and ironically calling out the hypocrisy of human nature.
✶✶✶✶ Herald Sun , Australia
Hilarious…There is something effortlessly charming about Daniel Sloss… Devastatingly intelligent… he makes you think about yourself and your relationships, and then side-swipes you with a brilliant gag. While you will come away thinking about your life choices, you will also come away with sore ribs from laughing… Sloss is a festival highlight. See him.
✶✶✶✶✶ The Age , Australia
Charming, self-deprecating and genuinely funny
– Time Out , London
Brilliant… a master craftsman… Sloss works best by creating moments of near unbearable tension and then puncturing them with a welcome but unexpectedly sharp barb. To be this good at 27 is a rare thing, and if Sloss can continue to evolve his material in intriguing and novel ways, he could become one of the greats.
✶✶✶✶ Time Out , Australia
Brilliantly dark
– Sunday Times , UK
Nothing short of hysterical… Stunning
– Sunday Express , UK
Dazzling wit
– Telegraph , UK
Irreverent wit and devastating… an intelligent, razor sharp performer who looks like Macaulay Culkin on speed and readily goes where other comedians fear to tread
– Adelaide Advertiser , Australia
Stunningly poignant… finely honed | [
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skill… deeply dark comedic style… more than a little bit evil… Sloss proves you don't need a university education to know how to do your research and construct an intelligent argument. In fact, he is brilliantly skilled at doing just that and making it achingly funny at the same time.
✶✶✶✶½ Theatre People
Daniel Sloss is a born comedian… he's a master at rewinding to the original thread without missing a beat… remarkable… rapid-fire delivery… It's incredible to watch
✶✶✶✶½ The West Australian
Dark AF stand-up; snowflakes beware, this is no safe space…comedy provocateur… Sloss is clever, studious and even philosophical
✶✶✶✶✶ TheMusic.com.au
I've never seen a comedian I've wanted to kiss and punch in equal measures. The handsome young Scotsman revels in the nihilistic and politically incorrect—here's one who eats outrage for breakfast… Sloss was hailed as one of the highlights of last year's Melbourne Comedy Festival, and it's easy to see why. Provocative, punchy and smirking with black humour, Sloss rails against a slew of hefty topics: religion, disability, death, politics, and reserves a particularly fervent hatred for vegans. He is astute in so many ways: his cynical self-awareness of his middle class white man status, his description of the dogged tunnel vision of the easily offended, and his bemusement at his fellow left-wingers for their apathy and in-fighting… Brilliant
– Australian Stage , UK
It's a testament to Sloss' skill that the audience follow him through each set up, across the expertly wound tension and into the cutting punchlines… He has tight, near-perfect control of his pacing and delivery, knowing how to read reactions and pop the pressure at the last possible second. The observational aspects of the show provide an excellent foil to the narrative beats Sloss hits… Now is 70 minutes of traditional stand up brought near the peak of its form. Intelligent and incisive, Sloss' stand up leaves the audience wondering about their own relationship to logic and emotion. His talent comes in being able to combine the two into genuinely hilarious comedy.
– Popculture-y.com
Sloss is on red-hot form this year… not only do the jokes pour out, he slyly and unexpectedly introduces serious ideas into the debate… A stand-up veteran at 24, his handling of provocative topics is maturing fast so that, even as circumstances pile up in his sex stories and the laughter rises to hysteria, he's totally in control of the shifts in tone
– Sunday Herald , UK
Meteoric… Has them rolling in the aisles… Sloss is blessed with a sharp mind and a potent stage persona.
✶✶✶✶ The Scotsman
A genuine twinkle in his eye and a sharp line in observational humour… Sloss demonstrated a genuine affection for the crowd… The humour is funny, intelligent and charming. As is Sloss.
✶✶✶✶ Edinburgh Evening News
Unstoppable… The road to playing a venue like a conference centre for a full month should take comedians at least half a career to achieve. The Fifer Viking [Daniel Sloss] has got there in about half an hour. And he's even stuck on some extra shows for his drooling masses.
– The List
Makes Inglorious Bastards seem like Best Exotic Marigold Hotel
– Bruce Dessau on Daniel's six-part Internet sitcom M.U.F.F.
He has a confidence and talent that's shocking for a 19-year-old
– Michael Mcintyre, Radio Times , September 2010
✶ Winner 2016 Sydney Comedy Festival Best of the Fest Award [International]
✶ Winner 2011 Scottish Variety Awards Best New Scottish Comedian
GETSLOSSED channel
@Daniel_Sloss on
Daniel Sloss on
Sloss and Humphries On The Road podcast
Daniel Sloss on Spotlight
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 1.55763 | -0.476292 | 0.038224 | 0.109792 |
Passaic Strike Anniversary
Some Lessons in Militant Labor Leadership for the Future
First Published: The Militant, New York, Vol. 3, No. 8, February 15, 1930, p. 3.
Source: The Militant. Original bound volumes of The Militant and microfilm provided by the Holt Labor Library, San Francisco, California.
Transcription/HTML Markup: Andrew Pollack in 2008.
Proofread: Einde O'Callaghan (September 2012).
Experience is the capital of the labor movement no less than of other human enterprises. The generalizations by which we steer toward communism are not drawn out of thin air but are the concentrated experience of the international working class. Marxism established its place as the only valid theory of the proletariat because it alone stood this test. Experience is the laboratory of the science of revolution. Those who discover and invent tactics without the aid of this laboratory and in defiance of it, substitute guesswork for science and thereby confuse and weaken the workers' movement.
This is the present-day practice. It accounts for the orgy of experimentation in all fields of activity which is running through the party like a virulent influenza. The results of this experience, though limited, are fresh and rich, and much can be learned from it to the advantage of the workers' movement. Moreover, there is no better nor easier way to teach the workers than by examples near at hand. American experience has a tenfold value for the education of the American workers, including the Communists. What we have we should treasure – and study.
The anniversary of the great Passaic strike, which has just passed by the party unnoticed, is a case in point. That was the first large-scale experience of the party in the direct organization of the workers for economic struggle; it was the biggest job and was carried through in the most workmanlike and responsible manner. Would not the manifold experience of this strike be an excellent source of study for the industrial work of the party today, especially in regard to the organization of the unorganized?
Our leaders evidently do not think so. The Passaic strike occurred before the "third period." Therefore it doesn't count. Therefore forget it; or, if it is mentioned at all, refer to it, as Browder did in an article some time ago, as a "shameful page in our history." Such a remark serves only to establish the measure of Browder. It does not in any way affect the validity of the methods employed in the Passaic strike. They stand out with conspicuous import and merit against the dubious tinkering which is being passed off by the Browders as trade union tactics.
The management of the Passaic strike was a brilliant illustration of the effectiveness of united-front tactics, which were, are, and will be the heart and core of the communist struggle for the masses. The united front, the guiding line in all phases of the direction of the Passaic strike, was vindicated in all of them on a scale which looms colossal in contrast to the sad results which have followed its rejection.
A few of the outstanding features can be mentioned:
The strike was a genuine movement of the workers. The great majority of the workers employed in the mills were drawn into the struggle and held solidly together for months. It was a strike which paralyzed the mills and never had the character of a putsch or flare-up. The masses were in it and behind it. The Communists held the unquestioned leadership although there was but a handful of Communists in the mills when the strike began. By their services and skill the Communists led the workers with a moral authority that needed no mechanical manipulation; moral authority, which, in the final analysis, is the rock on which real leadership is based. Under such conditions every step, every turn in tactics required by changes in the situation, could be and was executed with the knowledge and consent of the masses of the strikers. Compare this demonstration of real leadership with some of the recent exploits and "forced marches" of the party under the new line, such as the disgraceful exhibition in the Illinois coal field. Cannot something be learned from this comparison?
The reactionaries were isolated and nonparty forces effectively utilized in the Passaic strike. The reactionaries were busy with efforts to disrupt the Passaic strike no less than in others. But here the Communists, by their tactics, cut the ground from under their feet and robbed them of all influence. The most important weapon in | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 1.084861 | 0.872755 | 0.806172 | 1.028092 |
this fight was the slogan of unity. This slogan has more power to move the masses than any other, and in Passaic the Communists kept it always in their hands; and with it kept the leadership, despite all the machinations of the reactionaries.
The Communists appeared before the strikers, as they were in fact, the champion of a united struggle, and thereby held their allegiance.
Side by side with this isolation of sabotaging representatives of the AFL there was a skillful and successful utilization of nonparty elements in the leading bodies, both from the ranks of the strikers and from the outside. Notable among the latter was Elizabeth Gurley Flynn. This practice contributed not a little to the broadening of the base of the leadership and the strengthening of its support from below. It is a prerequisite for success in mass organizations at the present stage of development in America. The problem presents itself in every struggle that breaks out of the narrow circle of immediate party influence. The present leadership does not understand this. They cannot even find room for dissenting factions of the Communist movement in the unions they control. They knew no way to deal with the independent opinions of such an honest and influential militant as John Watt except to frame him up and throw him out. They do not know how to disarm and isolate reactionary disrupters with the slogan of unity. These are some of the reasons why they stage putsches instead of real mass struggles like the Passaic strike.
The Passaic strike mobilized nonparty mass support on a national scale. This was before the three million organized workers in America were given up as "social fascists." The conservative trade unions were deeply penetrated with the issue of Passaic. The left wing gained access to more unions on this occasion than on any other in its history with the exception of the Sacco-Vanzetti campaign. Conferences on a scale for which the present-day caricatures offer no standard of measurement were organized throughout the country. In many cases even the most conservative officials were forced into line by the sweeping appeal of the issue. Funds to the extent of hundreds of thousands of dollars for the support of the strike, which came through these conferences, were an indication of their mass support. All this work was most effectively stimulated by a vast propaganda conceived in terms of a mass movement. A weekly bulletin scattered broadcast, an illustrated pamphlet, even motion pictures were employed to dramatize the struggle before the workers.
All this work and its results did much to popularize the Communists as serious workers in the labor movement. The Passaic strike, which was made known to everybody, was a crushing answer in itself to the accusation that the "reds" are impractical theorists who are incapable of constructive organization work. Communist ideas found a readier acceptance from workers who saw the Communists competently promoting and organizing such a big movement.
It will be worthwhile for the Communist and left-wing workers to compare this mobilization with the almost total lack of it in recent struggles led by the party, and to ask the reason for the difference. The answer lies primarily in the difference in the methods and conceptions. The results of the new tactics cannot bear comparison with the results of Passaic. But are not results the best criterion by which to measure tactics?
The Passaic strike movement was conducted without any advice from the Executive Committee of the Communist International. This is mentioned not as a virtue but as a state of affairs which the crusade against "Trotskyism" had brought about in the leading organ of the world party. This was the biggest task our inexperienced party had ever undertaken in the domain of mass work, and for this there was no international advice. The Comintern building was swarming with functionaries who had nothing else in the world to do but give advice and instructions, but in this case they had none. The party had to go on its own resources. The ECCI about that time was burning up the cables with ambiguous decisions on such questions as the removal of party headquarters from Chicago to New York, but the Passaic strike was overlooked. Of course the party was not entirely without help. It had the basic Lenin teaching on the united front, which was not yet prohibited, and this was sufficient. Lately the ECCI has remedied the neglect of Passaic and has been giving the party much instruction on the trade union struggle. Unfortunately, it has all been bad.
Was the affiliation of the Passaic union to the United Textile Workers a mistake in principle? This opinion is the contribution of Los | [
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An open and safe Europe – what next?
Due to the expiration of the Stockholm Programme at the end of 2014, the European Council will adopt in June strategic guidelines indicating the way forward in the area of Justice and Home Affairs in the EU. In the context of the debate on the future of Home Affairs policies, EU Commissioner for Home Affairs Cecilia Malmström hosted the conference "An open and secure Europe-what next?" that was held on January 29th and 30th, 2014. This conference brought together representatives of Member States, Members of the European Parliament and national Parliaments, other EU Institutions, international organisations, civil society organisations...
One of the topics of the conference was the Legal Routes to Access Asylum in Europe.
Commissioner Malmström opened the conference by declaring that "we will need to step up our efforts to avoid last year's tragedy in Lampedusa from happening again. We need a Europe that is open to the world, a Europe that ensures the human rights of any individual fleeing conflict and persecution. Today asylum seekers have to rely far too often on traffickers in order to reach Europe. There are basically no legal ways to get to Europe. We need to reflect on how we can ensure a more orderly arrival of those people who have strong claims to reach Europe safely."
Michael Diedring, Secretary General of the European Council on Refugees and Migrants – ECRE, said that "legal and safe channels for migrants and asylum seekers will literally be the difference between life and death". Diedring argued that, in order to ensure maximum impact, all channels for facilitating access to protection should be used simultaneously, including the suspension of visa restrictions for nationals and residents of countries experiencing a significant upheaval or humanitarian crisis and more flexible family reunification rules.
António Guterres, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees at the beginning of his speech, said: "Although it is true that the number of asylum seekers in the 28 Member States has increased in 2013, they still only make up a small proportion of the global refugee population. Some 43,000 Syrian refugees claimed asylum in one of the European countries, some of whom had already been legally residing in the EU. This compares to over 1.7 million new arrivals registered in countries neighbouring Syria during the same period, meaning Europe received some 2.5 % of the refugees that the countries in the immediate region had to cope with last year."
"First, and most important, is ensuring effective access for for refugees that seek protection in the EU countries. 25 years after the fall of the Berlin wall, we see new walls being erected in Europe to prevent irregular migration, which too often also prevent people fleeing war or persecution from seeking safety. Therefore, I appeal to Member States to respect the principles underpinning the Common European Asylum System, which are based not on walls, fences and additional administrative barriers, but on the human rights values of this continent", said António Guterres.
"What I am also concerned about is the large number of readmission agreements with countries located just at the external EU border that lack the capacity to offer effective reception and protection to refugees", added António Guterres.
"Second, there needs to be more respect for the principle of free movement for asylum seekers that is contained in the recast directive on reception conditions. Detention should be used only as a last resort and on the basis of an individual assessment, and only if alternatives cannot be applied effectively", said United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
António Guterres also said that: "There must be more effective intra-European solidarity on asylum matters. Although European countries also suffer the burden of the global economic crisis, Europe has a collective responsibility to provide protection to those who have lost it in their own countries. It should use the capacities of other actors, particularly local authorities and NGOs which often provide the most effective services in terms of reception and integration. Solidarity measures must also contain more effective early warning and emergency response, which – if it had existed a few years ago – could have helped to prevent what is currently happening in Greece and Bulgaria. Current dysfunction of the asylum system in European countries not only limits protection, but it | [
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Sell it!
Some people are put off by the French tendency toward self-criticism and self-deprecation, but I find it somewhat charming. When I got to Saint-Amand-de-Coly (officially one of the "most beautiful villages in France"), I went straight to the massive Abbey of Saint-Amand in the middle of town. It's a medieval wonder combining a long religious history with a commanding presence as a military fortress. But I was brought up short by its historical marker, which describes, in big letters,
"the grandeur and the decadence of an abbey. […W]ars, epidemics, and the abuse of the Abbey's provisional management mark the steps of a progressive decline."
Well, who wouldn't want to know more after a rousing introduction like that?
Arriving in Saint-Amand-de-Coly
As I drove south from Limoges to the village, I contemplated again one of the great mysteries I've found in traveling the back roads of central France. My destination is on the official list of "plus beaux villages" in France, deep in the Dordogne (only 25 minutes from Sarlat-le-Caneda), one of the country's most popular tourist regions, at the height of the summer season… so the road should be packed with other cars, right?
In fact, as I worked my way around the narrow "D" roads on the way to Saint-Amand, I drove for long periods without every seeing another vehicle in any direction. That's been true for my trips to other remote "most beautiful villages" like Apremont-sur-Allier and Arlempdes. So how is it possible to drive for so long with no one else in sight, but to find the parking lot in Saint-Amand full and the village buzzing with tourists?
The great Abbey of Saint-Amand
I don't have a ready answer, but I know it happens more often than you'd think. In fact, only about 400 people live in Saint-Amand-de-Coly, but they host more than 12,000 tourists every year. The most obvious draw is the medieval Abbey in the town's center. It's a great hulk of a building, like a medieval aircraft hangar, and its story is the whole story of the village itself.
Saint Amand was one of the many "evangelizing hermits" who roamed western Europe in medieval times. Born in the 6th century C.E., this young noble went into a monastery in Genouillac before he decided that he was called to the more solitary life of a hermit. He found a cave to his liking near the river Coly, and spent his life working to convert the local population.
(This Saint Amand, though, is not the "famous" Saint Amand who was sent by the Pope as a missionary to Flanders. That's too bad, in a way – the "famous" Amand must have had an interesting life, since he was the patron of "wine makers, beer brewers, merchants, innkeepers, bartenders, and Boy Scouts." In fact, the local sources don't have any biographical details about this village's namesake, and I couldn't find him in any of the online Catholic directories of saints, so it's possible he was venerated locally for his work here but not actually recognized as an "official" saint.)
In any case, as the town's markers drily put it, "as in so many other places, the humble shelter of a hermit and the tomb of a Saint mark the start of a monastery and a village." In fact, we know there was a monastery here as early as 1048 C.E., but Saint Amand's real moment in the historical sun began around 1120 when construction of this Romanesque building started.
The long decay
The 12th and 13th centuries were relatively good times for the abbey – a future Pope visited in 1304, and the monks built a hospital here in 1381. Inevitably, though, the Hundred Years' War took a heavy toll on this little community (as it did on so many other places in the Dordogne); by 1450 the great Romanesque building was heavily damaged and only one monk remained.
They did try to rebuild, and in fact many of the | [
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Day 1 & 2 Tickets on Sale NOW!
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Video – Days 3 & 4
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Corset Night
Turilli / Lione Rhapsody
Turilli / Lione RhapsodyDeron Blevins2020-01-15T23:34:27-05:00
Fabio Lione – Vocals
Luca Turilli – Guitar, Keyboards, Piano
Dominique Leurquin – Guitar
Patrice Guers – Bass
Alex Holzwarth – Drums
Band Info:
Year Formed – 2018
Country – Italy
Record Label – Nuclear Blast
www.tlrhapsody.com
Rebirth and Evolution
From Chaos to Eternity
The Frozen Tears of Angels
Triumph or Agony
Symphony of Enchanted Lands II
Power of the Dragonflame
Rain of a Thousand Flames
Symphony of Enchanted Lands
Legendary Tales
When it comes down to the genre defining albums, there is no denying that it is often an iconic duo weaving it's inexplicable and extraordinary magic. And when it comes down to Symphonic Metal, there is no way around the creative chemistry of Luca Turilli and Fabio Lione. Whenever and wherever guitarist, keyboardist and composer Turilli and vocalist Lione have been working together, the result was something extraordinary. Something both metal and rock lovers around the globe loved, cherished and memorised forever.
Now, after eight long years, the two brothers in arms are finally back together again. Not to warm up old stories, mind you. But to start an exciting new chapter on their journey that will take the trademark sound of their old bands not only to another level, but to an altogether different universe. Turilli/Lione Rhapsody is a dream come true for every fan of cinematic, bombastic, epic Symphonic Metal. No, it is much more than that, although even that would have been enough by far to please the crowds. This band is a redefinition of their Italian trademark sound and a modern interpretation of their old virtues and roots. And while a lot of bands claim to do that, Turilli/Lione Rhapsody actually do. It's a fact: Symphonic Metal never sounded so fresh, so original, so dramatic and so weightless as it does on "Zero Gravity (Rebirth and Evolution)", proof not only of their unparalleled talent but also of their untiring mission of reinventing themselves, of pushing forward, of reviving a genre that was stagnating at best.
What began in 1997 with the immortal "Legendary Tales" directly leads to "Zero Gravity (Rebirth and Evolution)", an impressive debut album and a milestone in their career. It's all there: The guitar work, the dramatic arrangements, the powerful choruses, the memorable melodies and profoundly meaningful lyrics. Yet, it's all decidedly 2019 without neglecting the strength and charisma of their varied and stunning accolades – a journey full of discoveries, surprises and unforgettable moments.
Thus, the subtitle "Rebirth and Evolution" becomes much more than a simple addendum. "It means everything to us", Luca Turilli states. "This is the mantra of our band, our DNA." It is important to keep in mind that even though Turilli and Lione are united again, they are not the same persons any more. "This is why we wanted a fresh start, a new chapter. With our trademarks, of course, but also with a much broader vision." This incarnation named Turilli/Lione Rhapsody is a new peak in a career that was given birth during last year's farewell tour celebrating 20 years of Rhapsody. For the first time after seven years, Turilli and Lione were performing together again, alongside former Rhapsody members Dominique Leurquin, Patrice Guers and Alex Holzwarth. And the rest is history.
"The friendship was stronger than ever", Fabio Lione says, "which is wonderfully strange because me and Luca didn't see each other for seven years." The tour turned out to be an amazing success on a personal as well as a professional level, | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 1.099465 | -0.636569 | -0.415013 | -0.865112 |
Q: Transforming list of dict to dict of values I have a list of dictionaries for different attributes in the form
attribute = [{user_id1:Value},{user_id2:Value};{User_id3:value3}]
these are my list
a = [{6: 81}, {7: 79}, {8: 67}]
b = [{6: 68}, {7: 77}, {8: 71}]
c = [{6: 71}, {7: 86}, {8: 68}]
d = [{6: 71}, {7: 86}, {8: 68}]
e = [{6: 67}, {7: 59}, {8: 85}]
f = [{6: -72}, {7: -71}, {8: -66}]
What I would need to do is to create a list a value for each user for example:
list_user_id_6 = [81,68,71,71,67,-72]
list_user_id_7 = [79,77,86,86,59,-71]
list_user_id_8 = [67,71,68,68,85,-66]
edit:
To explain what I did, I have a survey django app, and I am using Chart.JS to render the results, which have to be in the form :
a = [number1,number2,number3]
Now those numbers are a calculation from multiple users values that are part of a team, so I created a method that for each member of a particular team I extract some value make a calculation to give me a score and then I append that score in a list with the member_id in the form {id:score}
each a,b,c,d has a calculation method to create a score
this is an example of one of the method:
def get_chunk_score2(self, format=None, *args, **kwargs):
current_response_list = get_current_team(self)
chunk_list = []
for resp in current_response_list:
current_response = list(resp.values())[0]
answer_question1 = current_response.answers.get(question_id = 2)
answer_question2 = current_response.answers.get(question_id = 3)
json_answer_question1 = json.loads(answer_question1.body)
json_answer_question2 = json.loads(answer_question2.body)
answer_key_question1 = list(json_answer_question1.keys())[0][0]
answer_key_question2 = list(json_answer_question2.keys())[0][0]
if answer_key_question1 == "1" or "3":
score1 = list(json_answer_question1.values())[0]
else:
score1 = -list(json_answer_question1.values())[0]
if answer_key_question2 == "1" or "3":
score2 = list(json_answer_question2.values())[0]
else:
score2 = -list(json_answer_question2.values())[0]
chunk_score = math.ceil((score1+score2)/2)
chunk_list.append({current_response.user_id:chunk_score})
return chunk_list
ps: like you can see I am a few month in the world of coding so any tips is welcome to progress;)
how can I properly do it ?
thx you very much
A: You may want to store your list in a new dict:
a = [{6: 81}, {7: 79}, {8: 67}]
b = [{6: 68}, {7: 77}, {8: 71}]
c = [{6: 71}, {7: 86}, {8: 68}]
d = [{6: 71}, {7: 86}, {8: 68}]
e = [{6: 67}, {7: 59}, {8: 85}]
f = [{6: -72}, {7: -7 | [
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Gorgeous! Hershman 5 Piece Dining Set best design By Sol 72 Outdoor. Hershman 5 Piece Dining Set very well made, sleek and simple. Complete your living room furniture with a modern Hershman 5 Piece Dining Set. Its cute sturdy, attractivce and it looks expensive and a best value for the money. Hershman 5 Piece Dining Set is one of the most comfortable, cozy, beautiful look and exotic Hershman 5 Piece Dining Set especially for the price and made of superior products. Great quality, easy to assemble, delivery on time and in perfect condition. Hershman 5 Piece Dining Set is good merchandise at fair prices and amazing free shipping. Guarantee damaged claim by offering to send parts or to keep the item at a discounted price. Great buy would definitely recommend. Shop with our low-price guarantee and find great deals on Hershman 5 Piece Dining Set and more!. Reading the reviews helped you purchase.
An elegant and stylish dining table can get the best out of any meal you like with family or friends. Within the particular the event of friends, they will most likely assess you because when and also classy your dining area- dining table- appears. Are you thinking of purchasing new furnishings for the kitchen or dining room? This article will help you to sample the very best ten best contemporary platforms in 2018 evaluations. A few of the elements that established the rankings of these products include, although not restricted to, versatility, design, comfort and ease, dimension, supplies used, and whether or not the table includes chairs. The types of materials mostly considered are steel and wooden as the size is a stride of methods many people a particular table can accommodate easily.
Although this reclining loveseat comes with a heftier price tag, its classic style, options for customization and automated lying program allow it to be worth the dough. Its handcrafted wooden body is cushioned with lower blend cushions for a softer really feel than youd receive from higher-denseness foam soft cushions, and the upholstery will come in a whopping 72 colour and fabric combos. The availability of a lot of options makes it extra easy to pair this lying loveseat with various designs, supplies, accents and dcor styles. In addition, if you have kids or pets (or both!), you have the option to select a stronger, stain-resistant material. One client discussed that the Sunbrella fabric materials has organized nicely against her children and pets. This lying loveseat may have a traditional, aged-college look, but its built-in tech is anything but. Not only does it come with an automatic reclining program (that provides you with a full lie down, with your foot rest totally parallel towards the seat), but it has a USB interface for using or simply charging your iPad, iPhone, Amazon kindle or laptop.
The Bridgewater is a couch style that's primarily casual and certainly comfy. This style is the darling of numerous a designer because you can use it to create a informal, pleasant room. Bridgewater sofas are flexible, with respect to the upholstery you choose. Done in a neutral fabric, this kind of couch does not contend with other elements within the room which may be more remarkable, such as art work or any other large functions. Much more formal fabric will yield a far more stately style of sofa. Numerous characteristics distinguish Bridgewater sofas: Typically they have reduced hands and a high back again, which contributes to the sporadic look. Most also have a customized skirt that conceals the thighs and loose soft cushions for the seat and back. This particular design was designed to accommodate slipcovers, which also lend an informal atmosphere to the couch.
Carolina Light Gray Fabric Sofa Sofa is well known for its spectacular comfort and remarkable style. It has a modular design that allows for many agreement choices to suit your needs.The set functions gentle fabric and pushes soft cushions to bring about the desired comfort and ease. More importantly, its of the good dimension to support you along with the group of buddies. Depending on the available space and your desired form, you are able to combine the I seats to create a remarkable form. Its recommended for those with small rooms and requires a sofa.
This set of RTA sofas is available in different furniture textures. Some of | [
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them include glued leather-based, linen, corduroy, linen consistency, polyester. You just need to choose the correct tapestry in importance for your balanced needs. Obtainable materials offer an simple-to-thoroughly clean element. A attribute that implies its versatility to face up to drinks and food. The luxurious seat and back again cushions vote in favor of a cutting-edge appear. The sq . molded equip that begins just over them improves the elegance. You have the comforts and gentle styles that strike your entry.
While the back of this sofa hints at the Chesterfield, with its rows of tufting, a tuxedo couch has cleaner, much more angular outlines. It is stated to possess been the bellwether of more contemporary designs within the 1920s. Although some say this sofa design took its title from Tux Park in New York, it's also said to be named after the traditional extravagant men's suit. You can identify a tux couch by its arms that are identical height as the back. The tufting on the back of the sofa and its rectangle-shaped silhouette are also classic characteristics. Cushions add comfort and ease to this high-equipped design. Also, while the sofa over from Upcountry is upholstered in leather-based, this well-liked style is often completed in textiles of all kinds, such as the really trendy purple velvet.
This sofa is appreciated for its unique style and comfort. Its striking pazazz-arm couch with seats offers you maximum room for stretching and using your room. So generally the modern sofa chaise adds to the beauty of this set. The set also includes cushion leading arms padded back again and chairs for maximum comfort and ease. The couch also includes a corner-obstructed wooden frame that provides the sofa sufficient toughness. The sofa measures 89 inches wide by 62 in . in depth by 4 in . in height which makes it suitable for moderate dimension rooms. You may need to do minor putting together eg from the thighs.
This established accompanies the complete utility of Person Couch with an exemplary couch design. It includes tight arms, firm chair cushions and complete-dimension mat with inner comes. It's eliminated beneath to clean it and remove it having a easy lifting device. This sleeping pad is strengthened with a durable steel edge. is really a measuring guideline and has a Bisexual-falling apart highlight. Among the deserving things to mention is the consolation! Place this super comfortable couch inside your comfortable family room. Apart from giving an all natural and tasteful air, it provides a beautiful personality to your site visitors. You may make your buddies stay for a enjoyable night of movies. The couch has carcasses with blocked corners and faux-finishing on its legs. The cushions are, nevertheless, adjusted and can include great versatility. It's wrapped with a heavy polyethylene dietary fiber having a drawstring edge.
This RTA loveseat provides different types of upholstery depending on the materials. That significantly incorporates linen and velvet. Advanced tones, Marzipan, Stoneware-Light tan and Rye-Brown enhance the style of the sofa. Choose the shading and the materials that depends on the stylistic design of your living space. Not only the shading, the material can also reflect the main difference in fashion. Make sure that the material you choose fits the theme of your space. This loveseat ballots in favor of combining the present style by having an exemplary style. It's been moved up by the hands that start to pass through the couch. With this blend, you only witness improved comfort and stylish style when lights the patches.
Typically now used in houses with a living room or open floor plan, they are often big configurations that chair plenty of visitors. In smaller areas, they can be useful for seating in an region that has a strange part or other space limitation. The opportunity to combine corner models, end models and lying areas based on room and person preference makes this couch style extremely versatile. Sofa sofas are also available in a multitude of designs, from ultra contemporary or extremely luxe, to more family-friendly contemporary styles.
This group of RTA sofas is available in different furniture smoothness. A number of them incorporate bonded leather-based, linen, corduroy, linen consistency, rayon | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | -0.173818 | -1.772131 | -2.323003 | -1.567435 |
'Tis the night before Christmas…and we've finally reached the twelfth post in my festive bakes series!
It's been a while coming. It's also been fun. I didn't quite appreciate the volume of stuff I would be producing, but I know for next year! I will most likely mull over this project in the gap between Christmas and New Year, but at this stage I can say in confidence that it was great fun to do the series, and it's great that it's over. If for no other reason than I can stop buying sugar, marzipan and nuts, and instead focus on savoury dishes again. Whew!
Most of the posts in this series have been about baking, so I wanted to do something a little different. And given that chocolate and Christmas seem to go so well together, what about some truffles to capture the flavours of the season?
I have to admit to a fondness for fancy chocolate shops. When I pass one, I like to duck in, and I'm always impressed not just by the aromas or the flavours of what is on offer, but the work that has clearly gone in to making something look beautiful. And I think you have to appreciate it – good chocolate is an experience for all the senses.
I was also planning to write a little about "my favourite chocolate shop" but, in all honesty, there are several in London and Brussels that I love to go to, and it's not really fair to have to choose between them. Different people are doing different things so why limit yourself to just one?
That said, one of my favourites is Paul A Young, who runs a shop in Islington. I've got his book on all things chocolate (truffles, cakes, tarts, pasta…yes, chocolate pasta!). The book includes some stunning recipes that look very well-suited to the festive season. I would love to try his "Three Kings" bar of dark chocolate made with gold, frankincense and myrrh. In fact, I'd originally planned to make it as my final post, but I ran into a few issues – I could not source essential oils in time (i.e. I spent 10 minutes around Covent Garden and the ones at Neal's Yard said you should not ingest them) and I rather balked at the idea of buying gold just to eat.
So….instead…I've opted to make festive truffles infused with spice.
Now, in making these, I had an aim – to make silky-smooth truffle. What I have noticed with spiced truffles is that when someone has just tipped ground spices into the mixture, this can make an otherwise smooth ganache a little "gritty". Not inedible, but not as smooth as you would like. What I've done to address that is to make a spice-infused syrup, which is strained, and thus has all the flavour but none of the bits. I brought a pan of water to the boil, added some sugar and two teaspoons of spice, cooked for a minute, then left to sit overnight. The next morning – very spicy syrup! By leaving the mixture to sit, you also allow the spice powder to settle, so when you come to strain it, you have very little by way of "bits". So there is a little trick here – if you're making a mixture that needs 200ml of liquid, boil up 250 or 300ml, so that you get mostly liquid, and don't need to tip the wet spice powder into the strainer. This keeps the bits out, and keeps things "clear" (ha ha!).
You could use any sort of spices you like in these truffles, but I kept to the festive theme and used a spoonful of my speculaaskruiden mixture and an extra teaspoon of cinnamon. I felt the cinnamon was needed to add some sweetness as well as to balance the stronger flavours of cloves and anise, which are fine in a biscuit but can become too much in a truffle. If you want to try something else, you can use cinnamon on its own, or something more unusual such as star anise, black pepper and cardamom. Intrigued?
The ganache part is actually very easy. Just chop up the chocolate into fine pieces, then pour | [
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Данијел Шарић (Добој, 27. јул 1977) катарски је рукометни голман српског порекла.
Клупска каријера
Шарић је каријеру почео у Слоги из Добоја. Играо је затим и за Борац из Бања Луке након чега је прешао у Црвену звезду. Као играч београдских црвено-белих освојио је две титуле првака и два купа СР Југославије. Након Звезде игра за Синтелон из Бачке Паланке са којим осваја куп СР Југославије 2000. године.
Током 2003. године одлази у Шпанију где је прво заиграо за екипу Кантабрије, да би потом наступао за Алкобендас, Адемар Леон, Портланд Сан Антонио из којег је 2009. године прешао Барселону. За најбољег играча шпанског првенства је проглашен 2011. године, најбољи голман је био 2011. и 2012, најбољи голман Купа АСОБАЛ био је 2011, док је 2012. проглашен за најбољег голмана Суперкуп АСОБАЛ. Играч каталонског клуба је остао до 2016. године и у том периоду је поред многобројних трофеја у домаћим такмичењима освојио и две титуле првака Европе.
Репрезентација
СРЈ / СЦГ
Шарић је на почетку каријере играо за репрезентацију СР Југославије. Био је на ширем списку селектора Веселина Вујовића за Олимпијске игре 2000. у Сиднеју, али није успео да уђе у коначан састав и оде на ОИ. Иста ситуација се десила и пред Светско првенство 2001. у Француској, када га је тадашњи селектор Бранислав Покрајац ставио на списак, али Шарић ипак није заиграо на првенству. И у наредном периоду је био на списковима националног тима, али ипак није добио прилику да игра на великим такмичењима.
Деби на великим такмичењима је имао на Светском првенству 2005. у Тунису где је репрезентација СЦГ освојила 5. место. Играо је и на Европском првенству 2006. у Швајцарској где је СЦГ освојила 9. место. То првенство је остало упамћено због тога што је неколико репрезентативаца оптужило селектора Вујовића да је тражио од њих да пусте Хрватску у мечу који није имао резултатски значај за СЦГ. Након тог првенства Шарић је одлучио да не брани више за репрезентацију.
Након распада државне заједнице Србије и Црне Горе, Шарић је у неколико наврата добијао позив да игра за репрезентацију Србије али је одбијао да се одазове.
Босна и Херцеговина
Шарић је у октобру 2009. године, заједно са још једним бившим репрезентативцем СР Југославије Небојшом Голићем, добио позив да игра за репрезентацију Босне и Херцеговине који је и прихватио. Као један од разлога играња за | [
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БиХ је навео то што је пријатељ са тадашњи селектором Војиславом Рађом. Шарић је требало да наступа у квалификацијама за Светско првенство 2011. у Шведској али је у јануару 2010. стигло обавештење од Европске рукометне федерације да нема право наступа за БиХ јер не испуњава одређене чланове правилника о регистрацији за национални тим БиХ с обзиром на то да је пре тога наступао за селекцију Србије и Црне Горе. У септембру 2010. је ипак добио дозволу ЕХФ-а да игра за репрезентацију БиХ. За Босну и Херцеговину је играо током 2010. и 2011. године у квалификацијама за Европско првенство 2012. године у Србији. Селекција БиХ је заузела последње место у својој квалификационој групи и није се пласирала на шампионат Европе. Шарић је за национални тим БиХ наступио на само седам утакмица, да би у наредним годинама одбијао позив да игра. Током 2015. године је у једном интервјуу изјавио да је играње за Босну и Херцеговину била грешка.
Катар
Током 2013. године неки медији су објавили вест да ће Шарић играти за репрезентацију Катара. Он је то тада демантовао рекавши да је завршио са играњем за репрезентације. Ипак у октобру 2014. године је објављено да ће Шарић ипак заиграти за селекцију Катара. Са репрезентацијом Катара је заиграо на Светском првенству 2015. године. Селекција Катара је са Шарићем на голу направила историјски успех пласманом у финале Светског првенства. Ипак у финалном мечу су изгубили од репрезентације Француске па су морали да се задовоље сребрном медаљом.
Шарић је са Катаром изборио пласман на Олимпијске игре 2016. у Рију, где је заузео осмо место. Играо је и на Светском првенству 2017. у Француској (8. место) и на Светском првенству 2019. у Данској (13. место).
Трофеји
Црвена звезда
Првенство СР Југославије (2): 1996/97, 1997/98.
Куп СР Југославије (2): 1994/95, 1995/96.
Синтелон
Куп СР Југославије (1): 1999/00.
Барселона
Лига шампиона (2): 2010/11, 2014/15.
АСОБАЛ лига (6): 2010/11, 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16.
Куп АСОБАЛ (6): 2009/10, 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16
Суперкуп Шпаније (6): 2008/09, 2009/10, 2012/13, | [
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Q: Under which area of Artificial Intelligence is my knowledge store? I've a maturing idea regarding a knowledge store.
For the purposes of this question, the store would be used by a police force for the recording and querying of crimes. I believe that historically, police forces used to hold vast index card systems, allowing cross-correlation and querying.
The knowledge store would contain a collection of known facts, collated in a way that supports unknown future questions.
Obviously if I knew the future questions "how many crimes this month", "what tool is most commonly used for breaking and entering" it would be fairly straightforward to store, collate, and present the data.
My requirement for unknown future questions presents the problem.
I imagine a series of authors collating details of crimes. They'd submit details, making heavy use of relationships: "crime occurred in the evening", "burglar used a brick", "crime committed by Person_A". The when considering a crime, the user would enter "brick" and be presented with collated knowledge related to that concept.
*
*frequently used at night
*frequently used in opportunist burglary
*frequently used in in assault
*most common entry object used in Neighbourhood D
*most used object by Person_A, Person_B
The user would then browse/wander through the information set learning more about past crimes.
The underlying information store seems close to that in a Graph Database - but I don't want to "sleepwalk" into using one of those if there's a more natural, AI based solution that not only solves the storage/retrieval problem but which also provides expert-system style deductions.
A: Sounds like a job for Prolog
If you decide to implement this system using Prolog, then this article will help you with choosing an appropriate data store. It dates back to 2002 but Prolog has been around a lot longer than that so the information should still be useful.
A: Description Logic is fine for this job. So using OWL and a reasoner is a good approach. In a simplified explanation, OWL full is almost as powerful as first order logic and so you won't need more. The question is which OWL version is suitable for your task, e.g., powerful enough and at the same time very efficient for interference with a reasoner.
Take care that using OWL and a reasoner is still a young topic. The tools seem to me a bit like in beta. (hard to find up to date information. you cool tool can be discontinued in 5-6 months). You will need to be very familiar with logic (first order and description logic) to make anything that will work. just a warning :-)
Prolog is not so popular any more (unfortunately so or not?), so I guess it is harder to find up-to date material and tools for Prolog for this task. (although Prolog is very good! really!)
EDIT regarding comment:
Running queries on relations is not so interesting, as it is not a big improvement over relational data bases. RDF and sparql is just a a nice way to combine different sources of data around the web.
Her is one example in pseudo logic/code:
Forall x element burglers :
used_brick(x) and left_fingerprints(x) => opportunist_burgler(x)
(the above rule would be stored in some OWL format)
So if a burgler used a brick left fingerprints, this implies that he is a opportunistic burgler.
So if your data store has the following information:
used_brick(john).
left_fingerprints(john).
then you run your OWL reasoner (e.g., at night if you have a lot of data).
this will result in the following data being added to your data store:
opportunist_burgler(john).
Now if you query your data set "give me all opportunist burglers", as a result "john" will pop up. In your data set, it is not stored that 'john' is a opportunist, this is inferred from you OWL rules.
Now you can solve the same problem in the statistic software R, and use descriptive statistics as well as statistics test, e.g., clustering, principal components, anova, etc., and hook the R software to your web app. Then you could also use 'Bayesian interference' and 'Bayesian graphs' | [
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If you're not using the party, let us borrow it
December 1, 2002 11 min read
Memo the the aimless Democrats
You know that we progressives had a rough election when one of our bright spots was in the Oklahoma referendum to ban cockfighting—which, by gollies, we won with 56% of the tally. O, Progress!
Enjoying Hightower? How about a weekly email that gives you the full scoop?
Don't despair, though, for the future is not as horrifyingly bleak as many think. In fact, buried in the
blitz of bad Election Night news about the Republican sweep and the subsequent demise of the Democratic Party is a nugget of good news—at least in the sense that there's something down in there that progressives can build on. This something can be summed up in one word: Turnout.
First, let's take a squint at Bush's "sweep." We know it was a sweep because the media establishment has told us so. Breathlessly and practically in unison, puff-headed pundits have pontificated about the brilliance of W's 15-state barnstorming trip aboard Air Force One in the last days of the campaign, and about how Bush now not only has majorities in the Senate and the House but—most glorious of all—HE HAS A MANDATE.
Really? Let's do the numbers. His big sweep actually hands him a mighty short broom. The GOP added only five House seats and two Senate seats on November 5, leaving them with razor-thin majorities in both houses. Yes, say the Bushites, but a majority is a majority and "The People" have spoken, so stand back, you wimpy losers, because, like it or not, here we come with our mandate to do the people's will!
Before King George II dons the crown and the ermine robe, however, he might want to examine how many Americans truly back him. He could ask Curtis Gans, whose Committee for the Study of the American Electorate does superb, in-depth, incisive, independent (and therefore, largely unreported) analyses of election results.
CSAE tells us that the great majority of "The People"—121 million out of 200 million Americans of voting age (61%)—were somewhere between so discouraged and so disgusted by the execrable content and vituperative conduct of the overall 2002 campaign that they chose not to vote at all. In races for Congress, which is the arena where Bush lays claim to his mandate, the turnout numbers are more pathetic, with only 35% of eligible voters having the stomach to make a choice.
Now, here comes the part Bush really despises: Of this participating 35% of the electorate, MOST voted for the congressional candidates of either the Democratic Party (16%) or other parties (2%)—not the party of George W.
Thus, the good news about W and the Republicans is that, while they won a plurality of the one-third of the electorate that actually voted, they are hardly the all-conquering political Godzilla that they and the fawning media would have us believe they are.
Nor are increasing numbers of Americans swarming to the banner of the Bushpublicans, as conventional media wisdom insists. Indeed, because they are financially and ideologically fused to Big Money and narrow, right-wing constituencies, they already are getting all of the votes they're likely to get.
The 17% slice of eligible voters that Republican congressional candidates won this year, for example, is exactly the same percentage they won back in 1982 during the Reagan infatuation, and it's nearly three points less than they got in 1994, when Newt Gingrich surged to power.
Now, just as Newt did in his famous four-year flame-out, the Bushites are poised to push a corporatist and extremist agenda that is anti-working families, anti-poor people, anti-women, anti-environment, anti-liberty, and pretty damned much anti-everyone who doesn't fit comfortably inside their 17% core group.
Also, they've just elected "Toxic Tom" De | [
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Lay to be their majority leader and their loudest voice in the House. This guy is not only a rabid right-winger and notorious corporate bagman, he's a delusional, ego-bloated nutball—Newt without the charm. This blowhard declared that the Lord God Almighty is behind the GOP win and is using Tom himself as a godly instrument to promote "a biblical worldview" in American politics.
Of course, Karl Rove and the other PR meisters of the White House will do all they can to put layers of rouge and powder over the ugliness of their program, but the ugly goes bone-deep, so it will shine through for the people to see. This is not a group determined to erect the welcoming Big Tent of political and economic inclusiveness.
Is the party over?
The question is not who they are or what they're going to do—that's pretty obvious. The question is who we are, what are progressives going to do?
For the sake of argument, let's set aside third-party options for the moment and focus on the possibilities of the once-proud Democratic Party. What are we to make of its 2002 election debacle? Here again, there's hope in the horror, based on that key factor of turnout.
There are two ways to proceed from the wreck of 2002. One is to keep sliding down the slippery slope that the Democratic Leadership Council has had the party on since the mid-1980s. The DLC was created at the urging of a group of mostly conservative Southern Democrats who argued that the party needed to jettison its New Deal baggage and embrace corporate globalization as the wave of the future.
This bunch looks at the 16% of the vote that the party just won, versus Bush's 17%, and thinks, well, if Democrats would get even more "moderate" and bag more television money from the corporate interests, then it could possibly siphon off a percent or two of the Republican vote and eke out a plurality.
The other way ahead is for the party to lift its eyes from the statistical charts tracking the whims of suburban swing voters, look beyond the ZIP codes of wealthy donors, and stride with outstretched arms toward that wealth of popular support available among the vast majority of Americans who are presently shut out of the process and have no political home.
In other words (WARNING: Wild and Crazy Idea Coming Up), why not go fishing in the deep pool where two-thirds of the fish are, rather than in the shallow puddle of the Republican Party?
In his voter analysis this year, Gans reports that the embarrassing failure of the Democrats to win in the midst of national corporate scandals and spreading economic distress is a direct result of the party's failure over the past several elections to put forward ideas, programs, and messages that would rally these people, not into a feeble plurality, but into a governing majority.
"Their lack of idealism has cost them the young, whose allegiance they had enjoyed from the 1930s through the early 1970s. Their lack of evident and continuing commitment to the concerns of those at the bottom of the income scale has led to the withdrawal of the poor from the political process. Minorities now feel taken for granted," and, says Gans, the worst is that the main strength of the Democratic Party, the very reason for its existence—"the belief in the ability of popular government to act in the interest of the general welfare"—is "almost totally absent from their advocacy."
The Wellstone exception
Paul Wellstone, my longtime personal friend and a beacon of progressive light for all of us, used to delight in declaring, with an impish twinkle: "I'm in the Democratic wing of the Democratic Party." The party as a whole has to get back there if it's to have a future that includes being a majority with the power to govern as actual Democrats.
Meanwhile, Washington's political class is clueless, wasting its time and ours in a meaningless cat fight over whether the party should now move to the left or to the right.
The Wellstones (both Paul and Sheila, his wonderfully spirited wife who was also an organizer and solid progressive activist) understood the rather straightforward political math of reaching out to the discarded voters.
Of course, Paul was dismissively labeled a " | [
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liberal" by the simpleton political class, but back in Minnesota he was able to shed that ill-fitting suit by constantly focusing on issues and values that are grounded in the real-life experience of ordinary people. These people mostly don't call themselves liberal, conservative or anything. They're mavericks, anti-establishment independents, none-of-the-abovers, and mad-as-hellers.
I was with Paul and some 1,200 of his romping, stomping supporters at a Rolling Thunder/Fair Trade rally in Duluth about three weeks before he and Sheila were killed. Duluth, hard up against Lake Superior, is in a region populated by iron-ore workers, dairy farmers, strong families, hunters, and churchgoers. Democratic Party pollsters and consultants tend to write off this region, but Paul never did, and such non-conformity is one reason he was six points up in the polls and was going to win his re-election fight.
This region is economically depressed—thanks in big part to the trade, farm, and other elitist economic policies pushed by both Republicans and Democrats in faraway Washington.
Paul fought tenaciously for these hard-hit folks, battling the monopolistic dairy corporations and unequivocally taking on the corporate globaloneyists who're squeezing the lifeblood out of the people and their communities. He knew these good people, knew their needs and aspirations, because he'd spent hours around their kitchen tables, in the union halls, at farm meetings, and in their cafes.
They didn't know him as a liberal—all they knew was that Paul was on their side. Because he'd stood with them, they had a real reason to stand with him, a reason to vote on the basis of something besides abortion and gun control . . . or to vote at all.
But Wellstone's way of high-touch politicking on grassroots issues and principles, rather than basing his campaigns on targeted polls and money, is the exception, much disfavored by the DLC geniuses who run the party.
Their strategic advice to dozens of Democratic congressional candidates this year was to run as all-out backers of Bush's Iraq Attack and to portray themselves as don't-rock-the-boat "Bush Democrats" on everything from tax breaks for the rich to Homeland Security.
Democrat Mary Landrieu, for example, running for re-election to the Senate from Louisiana, boasted in her campaign ads that she voted with the Republican president 74% of the time. This in a state where nearly half of the population today lives on less than $15,000 in annual household income.
Not surprisingly, Democrats stayed home in droves, and Landrieu was forced into a runoff by a practically unknown, novice Republican candidate. As a prominent black state senator said, explaining the poor turnout for Landrieu: "One Republican Party is enough. Two Republican parties is almost unconstitutional.
Time for regime change
There's an old Texas saying: When you find that you've dug yourself into a hole, the very first thing to do is quit digging. The DLCers have dug the party into a bottomless hole requiring ever more money to run campaigns that produce ever-declining turnouts—a sure formula for continuing Democratic failures.
To become relevant and vibrant again, the party has to return to its populist roots, literally and figuratively moving out to the countryside. This is, after all, where the people reside, where the strength of sheer numbers offers an enormous advantage, and where bold ideas can find the fertile soil needed to flourish.
The party should sever its servile ties to Washington's avaricious K Street lobbyists (who only consider Democrats their back-up party, not their first choice) and, instead, throw in wholeheartedly with the exciting grassroots groups all across America that are battling all manner of corporate greed. Recruit fresh candidates from this activist base, build an integrated political organization block by block, create a two-way communications network using everything from the Internet to speakers' bureaus, train and place thousands of young organizers, develop a massive small-donor funding base, and commit to a long-term, patient strategy of winning from the ground up.
For openers, national Democratic | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 1.03052 | 0.30173 | 0.474425 | 0.377945 |
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Nick's Flick Picks: The Blog
A film blog under the influence
Update to the DVD Spotlight
This week's selection for the DVD Spotlight is Martha Fiennes' Onegin, a gorgeous and beautifully judged rendering of Pushkin's classic novel in verse. Sadly, Onegin suffered the same inglorious fate of several other Ralph Fiennes films that bowed so close to the end of December that Stateside audiences barely noticed them: the same was true of the exemplary Oscar and Lucinda, the terrific-until-it-collapses The End of the Affair, the intriguing but annoyingly hermetic Spider, and last year's wildly uneven but nonetheless worthwhile The White Countess, notable mostly for a strong score and creative sound design. Ralph has really gotta get on the phone with his distributors and ask them what exactly it is about his aquiline beauty and finely-etched acting that makes them think "let's bury this film after Christmas."
Anyway: Onegin is on my mind because I recently enjoyed a high-definition broadcast of the Metropolitan Opera's terrific production of Tchaikovsky's opera, beamed right into the AMC Rivers East 21 in Chicago, Illinois. The opera production was superb; in fact, the acting as well as the singing by Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Renée Fleming, Ramón Vargas, and Elena Zaremba was all so strong, the stylized lighting and sets were so gorgeous, and the conducting of Valery Gergyev was so luscious that Eugene Onegin ranks easily as the richest experience I've had in a movie theater in 2007. Liv Tyler plays a much more remote Tatyana in the movie than Fleming does onstage, and Fiennes is a less domineering Onegin than Hvorostovsky is, but the film is still a pristine and affecting piece of work, lit to chilly perfection by the superb cinematographer Remi Adefarasin (The House of Mirth, Elizabeth). If you missed Onegin in theaters—and Samuel Goldwyn virtually guaranteed that you did—check it out on DVD, and follow up with my review!
Labels: 1990s, Ralph Fiennes
posted by NicksFlickPicks at 5:13 PM 2 comments
New: DVD Spotlight
One new feature of my revised website is a weekly "Spotlight Review" of a film on DVD, where I showcase a full review of a film available on DVD. These choices may be selected for their topical relevance to recent news, or because I've recently revisited the film, or because the filmmakers or actors have another film in current release, or simply because I feel like sharing some love (or venting some opprobrium). Last week, I linked to my review of The Devil Wears Prada, since it was the last DVD review I composed before the site entered its winter hibernation; I also couldn't help stumping for Silkwood, to showcase the difference between good Meryl and great Meryl. Now, in its second week, the Spotlight shines, if that's quite the right word, on Freedom Writers, a good-hearted but gummy-headed 2007 release starring an eager but awkward Hilary Swank. Freedom Writers bows this week on DVD.
Photo © 2007 Paramount Pictures/MTV Films
Labels: Best Actress, Hilary Swank, Meryl Streep, Movies 2007
As someone who mostly grew up in Virginia and who once upon a time knew lots of people who went to Virginia Tech, and also as someone who works on a college campus, I'd like to take a moment to express my condolences to the students, faculty, staff, and administration of Virginia Tech, and also to the community of Blacksburg. I hope they will all be able to support each other through the severe and baffling aftermath of yesterday's devastating losses.
I am also saving thoughts for the families of yesterday's victims, and in a distant but important way for everyone who attends a college, or works at one, or in any way supports a student or a university service. We all deserve each other's sympathy, fellowship, and compassionate attention. We can always stand to remind ourselves of the precious value of a campus | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.944932 | -1.133621 | -0.798315 | -0.768507 |
, and of the depth of our commitment to ideas, to the ideal of improved understanding, and to each other. For some of us, the impact of yesterday's violence was very immediate. For most of us, we shudder to realize the arbitrariness of that violence: how easily our own selves or our own communities could have woken today to the scale of mourning that Virginia Tech is experiencing, and how much we have in common with the mourners. How abruptly and profoundly yesterday's events may have diminished our sense of safety, but hopefully awoke our spirit of camaraderie.
I ask us all, on any campus, to remember to be solicitous of each other, and to be grateful for our various privileges, our protections, and our civility, for the care we extend to others and for that which we receive. From the Gwendolyn Brooks poem on my office door: "We are each other's harvest: / We are each other's business: / We are each other's magnitude and bond."
Labels: Soapbox
Best Actress Update: 5 More Down, 75 to Go
Jane Alexander in Testament (1983) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(Lost to Shirley MacLaine in Terms of Endearment)
The major disappointment of this batch is Jane Alexander's proficient but doomed work in Testament. When I say "doomed," I don't mean the plot of this post-apocalyptic family drama so much as the flat, slipshod direction that zombifies most of the cast, bungles all the edits, and refuses any trace of style. It's clear that the script is aiming for a ground-level view of massive cataclysm; occasionally, a terse vignette like that of a mother sewing up a dead child's body in her own bedroom curtains is allowed to do its chillingly intimate work. Much more often, though, Testament botches its aspirations toward subtlety with moist speeches, heavy symbolism, and scenes that push way too hard to underline director Lynne Littman's clunky interpretations of the patchy script. Within that context, Alexander saves what scenes she can, and her sour, haunted watchfulness is an interesting, unsentimental basis for the character when the director lets her get away with it. But in other moments, even Alexander is sunk by false theatricality (a stagy search for a teddy bear, an unpersuasive collapse into despair followed by an overly rhetorical kiss), and neither the dialogue nor the filmmaking supplies her with the tools to create a sustained, interesting performance. I know a lot of people love Testament, and love Alexander in it, but I have to demur on both counts. Fellow nominee Meryl Streep in Silkwood runs circles around her for multifaceted revelation of character and for conjuring the pure terror of nuclear contamination.
Greer Garson in Blossoms in the Dust (1941) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(Lost to Joan Fontaine in Suspicion)
In her first of several teamings with director Mervyn LeRoy, and at the outset of a remarkable string of five consecutive Best Actress nods, Garson plays Edna Gladney, a Midwestern debutante who becomes a champion of orphans (though she hates the word!) and "illegitimate" children (though she hates the word!) in Fort Worth, Texas. As so often, there is something so precious and safe about Garson's radiant refinement—her gleaming smiles, her flaming red hair, her accent incongruously posh by way of Wisconsin—that one feels a bit duped in praising or enjoying her work, as though one has fallen for a crashingly obvious marketing ploy. But radiant she is, and particularly once the script catches up with her age, her emotional generosity, ease of movement, and expressive face and voice go an incredibly long way toward selling the treacly script. She also interacts beautifully with Felix Bressart, a gem as a loyal and wisecracking pediatrician, and on the few occasions when Blossoms allows Edna a moment of unsavory affect (envy, annoyance, self-pity), Garson's smart enough to underline it and spry enough to win us right back.
Susan Hayward | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 1.76956 | -0.030503 | -0.657652 | -0.249433 |
in My Foolish Heart (1949) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(Lost to Olivia de Havilland in The Heiress)
Hayward, predictably, is at her best as the taunting alcoholic we meet in the suburban frame story, slurring out some delicious dialogue without too much focus-pulling or fussy mannerism. (Some of the choicest bits include "Who said, 'To forgive is divine'? Probably not somebody I'd care to meet, anyway" and, on the subject of jealous husbands, "They want to think you've spent your whole life vomiting every time a boy came near you.") Still, the very ordinariness that grounds Hayward's work whenever she plays an addict or a rager (which was often) works against her when she's cast as a co-ed, a romantic dreamer, or the very kind of average gal she very much looks to be. She's trapped by unimaginative casting in a thin role throughout much of My Foolish Heart's extended flashback narrative, made worse by Mark Robson's stolid direction, which shares none of Hayward's enthusiasm for the character's darker shadings. Thus, we're only interested when she's nursing a cocktail or cozying up to a witty father (a terrific Robert Keith) who shows, as they say, a little too much friendly interest in his daughter.
Carol Kane in Hester Street (1975) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(Lost to Louise Fletcher in One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest)
Two things can happen in years when Oscar faces a paucity of obvious choices: either the voters challenge themselves to nominate strong work in the kinds of movies and roles they would usually avoid (Keisha Castle-Hughes in Whale Rider, Samantha Morton in In America) or they pad the field with serviceable but unremarkable efforts that achieve little for Oscar besides filling the five-wide quota (Miranda Richardson in Tom & Viv, Susan Sarandon in The Client). Carol Kane's nod, garnered in a year so thin that former winners filed a protest, somehow falls on both sides of this fence. On the one hand, it's lovely to see Oscar pay such headlining attention to a modest, stylistically distinctive, culturally specific tale about Jewish immigrants and forced assimilation, even if nothing in Hester Street, only partially by design, accedes much beyond the thematic or narrative sophistication of The Jazz Singer. Kane isn't the helium-voiced, helium-minded daff we've come to know. She's lonesome, panicked, and finally angry, and she delivers almost her entire performance in Yiddish, to boot. However, she's also a bit overstated in her tremulousness, and she doesn't find much in her character beyond what is asked by the mannered direction and the quaint, predictable screenplay. Like her fellow nominee Glenda Jackson in Hedda, Kane stitches some smart, powerful moments into a somewhat routine performance, in a movie that vacillates between trying too hard and not trying enough.
Barbara Stanwyck in Stella Dallas (1937) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(Lost to Luise Rainer in The Good Earth)
What is it about Barbara Stanwyck that makes every one of her superb performances something of a surprise, no matter how many of them she gives? That low, husky voice, that downturned mouth, the narrow eyes, the nearly immobile features of her improbable face, the Brooklyn-bred, working-class butchness that pervaded her whole persona—all of these imply typecasting limitations that simply prove irrelevant to her greatest work, ranging all the way from film noir to screwball comedy to Westerns to melodramas to social realism to thrillers to B-movie macabre. Here, her flinty toughness offers an ideal through-line beneath her engaging, cackly impatience as Stella Martin, then her marital ambivalence as Stella Dallas, and finally her nimble balancing of the dear and the grotesque as one of Hollywood's most famously self-sacrificing mothers...though there's also a mean streak, a brutal c | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 1.639142 | -0.000005 | -0.165755 | -0.668108 |
unning, and an obliviousness to Stanwyck's Stella that tend to vanish from popular memories of the character. Laserlike with her smart, forceful gestures and insinuations, keeping the movie alive even when the direction is flat, and interacting exquisitely with all of her co-stars, Stanwyck hits one of her highest peaks.
The Pick of This Litter: You can practically pull out the scenes that got Alexander, Hayward, and Kane nominated, the last two in very dubious years for the category, but none of their performances dig deeply enough, largely because the films won't allow it. Before we feel too sorry for them, though, let's realize that Stella Dallas is no slam-dunk on the page except that Barbara Stanwyck makes the sauciness, the humor, the resentment, the intelligence, and the idiocies of her character so vivid and so bizarrely credible.
(Images © 1983 Paramount Pictures, reproduced from MovieGoods.com; © 1941 MGM Pictures, reproduced from FilmPosters.com; © 1949 Samuel Goldwyn Co./RKO Radio Pictures, reproduced from Carteles de Cine; © 1975 Midwest Films/Home Vision Entertainment, reproduced from Rotten Tomatoes; © 1937 Samuel Goldwyn Co., reproduced, oddly enough, from Stuff Kids Like)
Labels: 1930s, 1940s, 1970s, 1980s, Barbara Stanwyck, Best Actress, Greer Garson, Oscars, Susan Hayward
posted by NicksFlickPicks at 7:40 AM 2 comments
The Revisions Continue...
Before... After!, with updates to the new style and color palette, illustrated and reformatted full reviews (though I only wrote seven of these last year!), easy links for sorting by title or by letter grade, quick navigation to previous and subsequent years, and, as always, a no-frames version. My beloved also tells me that he likes being able to resize the frame borders, so he can maximize his reading window, and what am I if not accommodating?
Also, though this is something of an afterthought: Before... After!, notable for prettier pictures and a new e-mail destination. The NicksFlickPicks account has been screwy for months, devouring who knows how many e-mails I never saw, so I'm steering people away from it.
Finally, if on an unrelated note, happy birthday to Dr. S, a clever, sexy, talented, and incandescent MemoryChick who never, ever needs a redesign.
Labels: Blog Buddies, Site Features
Nick's Flick Picks Goes Under the Knife
The problem was bigger than Botox could solve. No mere nose-job did I need. Only an all-encompassing, LaToya-scale transformation was adequate to the problems facing Nick's Flick Picks, or the Fug Girls would be after my website for sure. And indeed, like some lank, shapeless, natural-fibered poncho that Chloë Sevigny might tie off with a lariat and accent with some wristbands and teal jellies on her feet, my site was fugging. We all knew it. So much text and so little pretty. Yards of empty space on both sides of your screen, especially now that all of our laptops have extra-wide Cinemascope monitors. And yes, I know: the white-on-black text. As you're still observing on this blog. Maybe in small doses, anyone can read anything, but with all that blinding-white Times New Roman spreading across the screen during one of my XXL film reviews? The one way my web-design filled available space was by swelling the screen with text that a lot of people had trouble reading.
I am the first to admit that the makeover is not yet complete, and that it's pretty badly dated. If I told you the programs I still use to write my html and make my graphics, you would weep a salty tear. STILL! Check it out:
Before... After! and After, and After, sexing up the joint with some graphics, and divvying out the reviewed movies, even those with only capsule or blog or externally-hosted reviews, from the ch | [
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aff I just grade, or that I have seen but not graded. (You can still peruse those titles at the bottom of each page, in case you're wondering whether I've seen something.)
Before... After! Still bringing sexyback with the illustrations, even though The Movies of 2007 is so far the only yearly index that is fully up-to-date with the new style templates. But check it out: you can instantly sort 2007 releases by title, grade, or the order in which I saw them (the default option, so those of you who check frequently can see what's new up top). Lo and behold, too, six of the eleven movies I've seen so far in 2007 have reviews up: from the engagingly sluttish Black Snake Moan through the fascinating but inconsistent Zodiac to the overrated The Lives of Others and the horrendous Alpha Dog, a certain contender for worst-of-year dishonors. Note, too, that for those of you allergic to framesites, you can always take the other train; it leaves from the same station, with all the same goodies on-board, though it isn't as pretty.
I didn't save a "Before" of my Full Reviews page, but here's the After, for easy skimming without cycling through all the alphabetical pages.
Once more, I know I still have lots more work to do simply to integrate the new features and design components, to say nothing of retroactively restoring all of the previous pages. Headline features like the soon-to-resume favorites countdown, the Top 100, and the almost-finished Best of 2006 will be brought up to speed soonest, and everything else will follow as quickly as I can manage. I hope you'll enjoy the new layout, though; that you'll let me know of any changes or tweaks you suggest; and that you'll get back in the habit of reading the main site once I'm back in the habit of writing and maintaining it.
And with that, in my best Helen Mirren voice: ladies and gentlemen, I give to you, Nick's Flick Picks!
Labels: Site Features
NICK DAVIS
THE FAVORITES
VISIT NICK–DAVIS.COM...
Follow @NicksFlickPicks
The Desiring-Image: Gilles Deleuze and Contemporary Queer Cinema ($30/pbk). By Nick Davis. Oxford University Press, 2013. The book that earned me tenure at Northwestern. Offers a new theoretical model of queer film, born from Gilles Deleuze's rarely-integrated notions of cinema and desire. Chapter-length readings of Dead Ringers, Naked Lunch, Shortbus, The Watermelon Woman, Brother to Brother, Beau travail, and Velvet Goldmine, plus other films along the way! Written for a scholarly audience but hopefully interesting to anyone curious about recent cinema, ideas about desire, or LGBT aesthetics and politics. "Important and needed work...Deeply original." —D.N. Rodowick, "Seductive in its intellect and humbling in its prose." —Michele Aaron
Reading the Bromance: Homosocial Relationships in Film and Television ($32/pbk). Ed. Michael DeAngelis. Wayne State University Press, 2014. Academic pieces that dig into recent portraits in popular media, comic and dramatic, of intimacies between straight(ish) men. Includes the essay "'I Love You, Hombre': Y tu mamá también as Border-Crossing Bromance" by Nick Davis, as well as chapters on Superbad, Humpday, Jackass, The Wire, and other texts. Written for a mixed audience of scholars, students, and non-campus readers. Forthcoming in June 2014. "Remarkably sophisticated essays." —Janet Staiger, "Essential reading for anyone interested in contemporary models of gender and sexuality." —Harry Benshoff
Fifty Key American Films ($31/pbk). Ed. Sabine Haenni, John White. Routledge, 2009. Includes my essays on The Wild Party, The Incredibles, and Brokeback Mountain. Intended as both a newcomer's guide to the terrain and a series of | [
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short, exploratory essays about such influential works as The Birth of a Nation, His Girl Friday, Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song, Taxi Driver, Blade Runner, Daughters of the Dust, and Se7en.
The Cinema of Todd Haynes: All That Heaven Allows ($25/pbk). Ed. James Morrison. Wallflower Press, via Columbia University Press, 2007. Includes the essay "'The Invention of a People': Velvet Goldmine and the Unburying of Queer Desire" by Nick Davis, later expanded and revised in The Desiring-Image. More, too, on Poison, Safe, Far From Heaven, and Haynes's other films by Alexandra Juhasz, Marcia Landy, Todd McGowan, James Morrison, Anat Pick, and other scholars. "A collection as intellectually and emotionally generous as Haynes' films" —Patricia White, Swarthmore College
Film Studies: The Basics ($23/pbk). By Amy Villarejo. Routledge, 2006, 2013. Award-winning film scholar and teacher Amy Villarejo finally gives us the quick, smart, reader-friendly guide to film vocabulary that every teacher, student, and movie enthusiast has been waiting for, as well as a one-stop primer in the past, present, and future of film production, exhibition, circulation, and theory. Great glossary, wide-ranging examples, and utterly unpretentious prose that remains rigorous in its analysis; the book commits itself at every turn to the artistry, politics, and accessibility of cinema.
Most recent screenings in each race;
multiple nominees appear wherever they scored their most prestigious nod... and yes, that means Actress trumps Actor!
* Denotes a recent reappraisal
Picture Noms % Seen:
Friendly Persuasion
Director Noms % Seen:
I Want to Live!
Actress Noms % Seen:
A Star Is Born ('54)
The Country Girl
The Letter ('29)
Actor Noms % Seen:
The Affairs of Cellini
Sup Actress Noms % Seen:
Sup Actor Noms % Seen:
Juarez
Cinematography Noms % Seen:
King Kong ('76)
Screenplay Noms % Seen:
The Strange Love of Martha Ivers D
The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer* B
Boomerang! C+
This Blog Sponsored by...
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Dangerous Liaisons: What's Coming in 2018
On & On: What's Left in the Movie Year
Cannes '96, Expert Witness #7: Amir Soltani
Cannes '96, Expert Witness #6: Stephen Cone
Cannes '96, Expert Witnesses #4 and #5: Joe Reid a...
Cannes '96, Expert Witness #3: Noah Tsika
Cannes '96, Expert Witness #2: John Alba Cutler
Cannes '96, Expert Witness #1: Hélène Zylberait
Cannes 1996: Day 1: May 9
Lineup Announcement: Cannes 1996
Watch this space! Chicago has a new, exciting, important, and totally accessible cadre of queer film critics who are joining forces to bring screenings, special events, and good, queer-focused movie chats to our fair city. Read our mission! Stay tuned for events! Cruise the website, and help get this great new group off the ground by enrolling as a friend (it's free!) and by asking how you can help.
since 5. | [
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Suscipe Domine Traditional Catholic Forum »
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RULE/MARTYROLOGY THREAD
Pages: 1 [2] 3 4 ... 145
Author Topic: RULE/MARTYROLOGY THREAD (Read 189856 times)
OmniaInstaurareInChristo
St. Joseph's Workbench
Religion: Traditional Catholic
Re: RULE/MARTYROLOGY THREAD 5/16 & 5/17
The reading appointed from the Rule of St. Benedict for May 16:
What Kind of Man the Abbot Ought to Be (cont.)
Above all things, that the Abbot may not neglect or undervalue the welfare of the souls entrusted to him, let him not have too great a concern about fleeting, earthly, perishable things; but let him always consider that he hath undertaken the government of souls, of which he must give an account. And that he may not perhaps complain of the want of earthly means, let him remember what is written: "Seek ye first the kingdom of God and His justice, and all these things shall be added unto you" (Mt 6:33). And again: "There is no want to them that fear Him" (Ps 33[34]:10). And let him know that he who undertaketh the government of souls must prepare himself to give an account for them; and whatever the number of brethren he hath under his charge, let him be sure that on judgment day he will, without doubt, have to give an account to the Lord for all these souls, in addition to that of his own. And thus, whilst he is in constant fear of the Shepherd's future examination about the sheep entrusted to him, and is watchful of his account for others, he is made solicitous also on his own account; and whilst by his admonitions he had administered correction to others, he is freed from his own failings.
Martyrology-May 17th
Roman Martyrology-May 17th- on this date in various years-
At Villareal in Spain, St. Paschal of the Order of Friars Minor, confessor. He was a man remarkable for innocence of life and the spirit of penance, whom Pope Leo XIII declared to be the heavenly patron of Eucharistic Congresses and of societies formed to honour the Most Blessed Sacrament.
At Noyon in France, the holy martyrs Heradius, Paul, and Aquilinus, with two others.
At Chalcedon, the holy martyrs Solochan and his companions.
At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Adrion, Victor, and Basilla.
Also St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who was subjected to various kinds of tortures in Africa by the judge Proculus, in the reign of Valerian, and then put in a boat filled with pitch and oakum, to be burned to death on the sea. But the flame turned on those who kindled it, and the saint yielded her soul to God in prayer. Her body was, by Divine Providence, carried in the boat to the island of Ischia, near Naples, where it was received by the Christians with great veneration. A church was afterwards erected in her honour at Naples by Constantine the Great.
And elsewhere in divers places, many other holy martyrs, confessors, and holy virgins.
R. Thanks be to God.
Of Calling the Brethren for Counsel
Whenever weighty matters are to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and make known the matter which is to be considered. Having heard the brethren's views, let him weigh the matter with himself and do what he thinketh best. It is for this reason, however, we said that all should be called for counsel, because the Lord often revealeth to the younger what is best. Let the brethren, however, give their advice with humble submission, and let them not presume stubbornly to defend what seemeth right to them, for it must depend rather on the Abbot's will, so that all obey him in what he considereth best. But as it becometh disciples to obey their master, so also it becometh the master to dispose all things with prudence and justice.
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3 The Vigil of Pentecost.
At Camerino, the holy martyr Venantius, who, at fifteen years of age, along with ten others, ended a glorious ordeal by being beheaded under Emperor Decius and the governor Antiochus.
The birthday of St. John I, pope and martyr, who was called to Ravenna by the Arian king of Italy, Theodoric, and died there after being in prison a long time for the true faith. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th of May, the day on which his revered body was taken to Rome and buried in the basilica of St. Peter, prince of the apostles.
At Spoleto, St. Felix, a bishop who obtained the palm of martyrdom under Emperor Maximian.
At Heraclea in Egypt, Bishop St. Potamon, first a confessor under Maximian Galerius, and afterwards, a martyr under Emperor Constantius, and the Arian governor Philagrius. Athanasius and Epiphanius, Fathers of the Church, have sung the praises of this holy man.
In Egypt, St. Dioscorus, a lector, who was subjected by the governor to many and diverse torments, such as the tearing off of his nails and the burning of his sides with torches; but a light from heaven having prostrated the executioners, the saint's martyrdom was finally ended by having red-hot metal plates applied to his body.
At Ancyra in Galatia, the martyr St. Theodotus, and the holy virgins Thecusa, his aunt, Alexandra, Claudia, Faina, Euphrasia, Matrona, and Julitta. They were at first taken to a place of debauchery, but the power of God prevented them from evil, and they later had stones fastened to their necks and were plunged into a lake. For gathering the remains and burying them honorably, Theodotus was arrested by the governor, and after having been horribly lacerated, was put to the sword, and thus received the crown of martyrdom.
At Upsal in Sweden, St. Eric, king and martyr.
At Rome, St. Felix, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, celebrated for his evangelical simplicity and charity. He was inscribed on the roll of the saints by the Sovereign Pontiff Clement XI.
« Last Edit: May 17, 2013, 12:16:36 AM by OmniaInstaurareInChristo »
Of Calling the Brethren for Counsel (cont.)
Therefore, let all follow the Rule as their guide in everything, and let no one rashly depart from it.
Let no one in the monastery follow the bent of his own heart, and let no one dare to dispute insolently with his Abbot, either inside or outside the monastery. If any one dare to do so, let him be placed under the correction of the Rule. Let the Abbot himself, however, do everything in the fear of the Lord and out of reverence for the Rule, knowing that, beyond a doubt, he will have to give an account to God, the most just Judge, for all his rulings. If, however, matters of less importance, having to do with the welfare of the monastery, are to be treated of, let him use the counsel of the Seniors only, as it is written: "Do all things with counsel, and thou shalt not repent when thou hast done" (Sir 32:24).
For 2013 The day of Pentecost, when the Holy Ghost came down upon the disciples at Jerusalem in the form of fiery tongues.
The birthday of St. Peter of Moroni who, while leading the life of an anchoret, was created Sovereign Pontiff and called Celestine V. He later abdicated the pontificate, and led a religious life in solitude, where, renowned for virtues and miracles, he went to the Lord.
At Rome, the saintly virgin Pudentiana, who, after numberless tribulations, after burying with respect many martyrs, and distributing all her goods to the poor for Christ's sake, departed from this world to go to heaven.
In the same city, St. Pudens, senator, father of the virgins Pudentiana and Praxedes. He was clothed with Christ in baptism by | [
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the apostles, and preserved the robe of innocence unspotted until he received the crown of life.
Also at Rome, on the Appian Way, the birthday of the Saints Calocerus and Parthenius, eunuchs. The former was chamberlain of the wife of Emperor Decius, and the latter chief officer in another department. Because they refused to offer sacrifice to idols they were tortured in many cruel ways, and finally when their necks were broken with cudgels, they gave up their souls to God.
At Nicomedia, the martyr St. Philoterus, son of the proconsul Pacian, who after suffering much under Emperor Diocletian, received the crown of martyrdom.
In the same city, six holy virgins and martyrs. The principal one, named Cyriaca, having boldly reproved Maximian for his impiety, was severely scourged and lacerated, and then consumed by fire.
At Canterbury in England, St. Dunstan, bishop.
In Brittany, St. Ivo, priest and confessor, who for the love of Christ, defended the interests of orphans, widows and the poor.
At Fucecchio in Etruria, St. Theophilus of Curte, confessor and priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who was canonized by Pope Pius XI.
The Instruments of Good Works
(1) In the first place to love the Lord God with the whole heart, the whole soul, the whole strength...
(2) Then, one's neighbor as one's self (cf Mt 22:37-39; Mk 12:30-31; Lk 10:27).
(3) Then, not to kill...
(4) Not to commit adultery...
(5) Not to steal...
(6) Not to covet (cf Rom 13:9).
(7) Not to bear false witness (cf Mt 19:18; Mk 10:19; Lk 18:20).
8 To honor all men (cf 1 Pt 2:17).
(9) And what one would not have done to himself, not to do to another (cf Tob 4:16; Mt 7:12; Lk 6:31).
(10) To deny one's self in order to follow Christ (cf Mt 16:24; Lk 9:23).
(11) To chastise the body (cf 1 Cor 9:27).
(12) Not to seek after pleasures.
(13) To love fasting.
(14) To relieve the poor.
(15) To clothe the naked...
(16) To visit the sick (cf Mt 25:36).
(17) To bury the dead.
(18) To help in trouble.
(19) To console the sorrowing.
(20) To hold one's self aloof from worldly ways.
(21) To prefer nothing to the love of Christ.
At Aquila in Abruzzi, St. Bernardin of Siena, priest of the Order of Friars Minor, who added to the glory of Italy by his preaching and his example.
At Rome, St. Plautilla, wife of a consul, sister of the consul Flavius Clemens, and mother of the holy virgin Flavia Domitilla, both martyrs. She was baptized by the apostle St. Peter, and after giving an example of all the virtues, she rested in peace.
Also at Rome, on the Salarian Way, the birthday of St. Basilla, virgin, who was of a royal family and betrothed to a nobleman. When she refused to marry him, he accused her of being a Christian. Emperor Gallienus gave orders that she should accept the person to whom she had been engaged, or die by the sword. Being informed of this, and answering that she had for her spouse the King of kings, she was pierced with a sword.
At Nimes in France, St. Baudelius, martyr. Being arrested, but refusing to sacrifice to idols, and remaining immovable in the faith of Christ, despite blows and tortures, he gained the palm of martyrdom by his praiseworthy death.
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.594431 | 0.50678 | 0.529119 | 0.714403 |
At Edessa near Aegea in Cilicia, the holy martyrs Thalaleus, Asterius, Alexander, and their companions, who suffered under Emperor Numerian.
In Thebais, St. Aquila, martyr to the faith, whose body was torn with iron combs.
At Bourges in France, St. Austregisil, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Theodore, bishop.
The Instruments of Good Works (cont.)
(22) Not to give way to anger.
(23) Not to foster a desire for revenge.
(24) Not to entertain deceit in the heart.
(25) Not to make a false peace.
(26) Not to forsake charity.
(27) Not to swear, lest perchance one swear falsely.
(28) To speak the truth with heart and tongue.
(29) Not to return evil for evil (cf 1 Thes 5:15; 1 Pt 3:9).
(30) To do no injury, yea, even patiently to bear the injury done us.
(31) To love one's enemies (cf Mt 5:44; Lk 6:27).
(32) Not to curse them that curse us, but rather to bless them.
(33) To bear persecution for justice sake (cf Mt 5:10).
(34) Not to be proud...
(35) Not to be given to wine (cf Ti 1:7; 1 Tm 3:3).
(36) Not to be a great eater.
(37) Not to be drowsy.
(38) Not to be slothful (cf Rom 12:11).
(39) Not to be a murmurer.
(40) Not to be a detractor.
(41) To put one's trust in God.
(42) To refer what good one sees in himself, not to self, but to God.
(43) But as to any evil in himself, let him be convinced that it is his own and charge it to himself.
Martyrology-May 21st
Roman Martyrology-May 21st- on this date in various years-
St. Valens, bishop, who was put to death along with three children.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the holy martyrs Secundus, a priest, and others, whom the Arian bishop George ordered to be barbarously slain during the holy days of Pentecost, under Emperor Constantius.
In Morocco, the birthday of the holy martyrs Timothy, Polius, and Eutychius, deacons, who merited to be crowned together for spreading the word of God in that region.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Polyeuctus, Victorinus, and Donatus.
At Cordova, the martyr St. Secundinus.
The same day, the holy martyrs Synesius and Theopompus.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Nicostrátus and Antiochus, tribunes, with other soldiers.
At Alexandria, the commemoration of the saintly bishops and priests, who were banished by the Arians, and merited to be numbered among the holy confessors.
At Nice in France, St. Hospitius, confessor, distinguished by the virtue of abstinence and the spirit of prophecy.
(44) To fear the day of judgment.
(45) To be in dread of hell.
(46) To desire eternal life with all spiritual longing.
(47) To keep death before one's eyes daily.
(48) To keep a constant watch over the actions of our life.
(49) To hold as certain that God sees us everywhere.
(50) To dash at once against Christ the evil thoughts which rise in one's heart.
(51) And to disclose them to our spiritual father.
(52) To guard one's tongue against bad and wicked speech.
(53) Not to love much speaking.
(54) Not to speak useless words and such as provoke laughter.
(55) Not to love much or boisterous laughter. | [
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(56) To listen willingly to holy reading.
(57) To apply one's self often to prayer.
(58) To confess one's past sins to God daily in prayer with sighs and tears, and to amend them for the future.
(59) Not to fulfil the desires of the flesh (cf Gal 5:16).
(60) To hate one's own will.
(61) To obey the commands of the Abbot in all things, even though he himself (which Heaven forbid) act otherwise, mindful of that precept of the Lord: "What they say, do ye; what they do, do ye not" (Mt 23:3).
Martyrology-May 22nd
Roman Martyrology-May 22nd- on this date in various years-
At Rome, the holy martyrs Faustinus, Timothy, and Venustus.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Castus and Aemilius, who met their martyrdom by fire, St. Cyprian says that there were overcome by the first trial, but that in the second God made them victorious, so that those who had first weakened in the face of the fire were made mightier than the flames.
At Comana in Pontus, under Emperor Maximian and the governor Agrippa, the holy martyr Basiliscus, who was forced to wear iron shoes pierced with heated nails, and who endured many other trials. He was finally beheaded and thrown into the river, which gained for him the crown of martyrdom.
In Corsica, St. Julia, virgin, who won her crown by being crucified.
In Spain, St. Quiteria, virgin and martyr.
At Ravenna, St. Marcian, bishop and confessor.
At Pistoia in Tuscany, the bishop, blessed Attho, of the Order of Vallombrosa.
In the diocese of Auxerre, Abbot St. Romanus, who ministered to St. Benedict in his cave. Going later to France, he built a monastery there, and leaving many disciples and imitators of his sanctity, went to rest in the Lord.
At Aquino, St. Fulk, confessor.
At Auxerre, St. Helen, virgin.
At Cassia in Umbria, St. Rita, a widow and nun of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, who, after being disengaged from her earthly marriage, loved only her eternal spouse Christ.
(63) To fulfill daily the commandments of God by works.
(64) To love chastity.
(65) To hate no one.
(66) Not to be jealous; not to entertain envy.
(67) Not to love strife.
(68) Not to love pride.
(69) To honor the aged.
(70) To love the younger.
(71) To pray for one's enemies in the love of Christ.
(72) To make peace with an adversary before the setting of the sun.
(73) And never to despair of God's mercy.
Behold, these are the instruments of the spiritual art, which, if they have been applied without ceasing day and night and approved on judgment day, will merit for us from the Lord that reward which He hath promised: "The eye hath not seen, nor the ear heard, neither hath it entered into the heart of man, what things God hath prepared for them that love Him" (1 Cor 2:9). But the workshop in which we perform all these works with diligence is the enclosure of the monastery, and stability in the community
Martyrology-May 23rd
Roman Martyrology-May 23rd- on this date in various years-
At Langres in France, the martyrdom of the holy bishop Desiderius, who visited the king to offer entreaties in behalf of his people who were mistreated by the Vandal army. He was immediately condemned to beheading, and willingly presenting his head to receive the blow of the sword, he died for the sheep committed to his charge and departed for heaven. With him suffered many of his flock, who are buried in the same city.
In Spain, the holy martyrs Epitacius, a bishop, and Basileus.
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In the territory of Lyons, St. Desiderius, bishop of Vienne, who was crowned with martyrdom by being stonedd at the order of King Theodoric.
In Africa, the holy martyrs Quintian, Lucius, and Julian, who merited eternal crowns by their sufferings, during the persecution of the Vandals.
In Cappadocia, the commemoration of the holy martyrs who died by having their legs crushed, in the persecution of Maximian Galerius. Also in Mesopotamia, those martyrs who, at the same time, were suspended in the air with their heads downward, suffocated with smoke, and consumed by a slow fire, thus fulfilling their martyrdom.
At Synnada in Phrygia, St. Michael, bishop.
The same day, St. Mercurialis, bishop.
At Naples in Campania, St. Euphebius, bishop.
At Rome, St. John Baptist de Rossi, priest and confessor, a man illustrious for his patience and his zeal in preaching the Gospel to the poor.
At Norcia, Saints Eutychius and Florentius, monks, mentioned by the blessed Pope Gregory.
« Last Edit: May 21, 2013, 10:01:05 PM by OmniaInstaurareInChristo »
Of Obedience
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This becometh those who, on account of the holy subjection which they have promised, or of the fear of hell, or the glory of life everlasting, hold nothing dearer than Christ. As soon as anything hath been commanded by the Superior they permit no delay in the execution, as if the matter had been commanded by God Himself. Of these the Lord saith: "At the hearing of the ear he hath obeyed Me" (Ps 17[18]:45). And again He saith to the teachers: "He that heareth you heareth Me" (Lk 10:16).
Such as these, therefore, instantly quitting their own work and giving up their own will, with hands disengaged, and leaving unfinished what they were doing, follow up, with the ready step of obedience, the work of command with deeds; and thus, as if in the same moment, both matters -- the master's command and the disciple's finished work -- are, in the swiftness of the fear of God, speedily finished together, whereunto the desire of advancing to eternal life urgeth them. They, therefore, seize upon the narrow way whereof the Lord saith: "Narrow is the way which leadeth to life" (Mt 7:14), so that, not living according to their own desires and pleasures but walking according to the judgment and will of another, they live in monasteries, and desire an Abbot to be over them. Such as these truly live up to the maxim of the Lord in which He saith: "I came not to do My own will, but the will of Him that sent Me" (Jn 6:38).
At Antioch, the birthday of St. Manahen, foster-brother of Herod the Tetrach. He was a doctor and prophet under the grace of the New Testament, and his remains now lie in the city of Antioch.
Also, blessed Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, mentioned by the evangelist St. Luke.
At Porto, the birthday of St. Vincent, martyr.
At Nantes in Brittany, in the time of Emperor Diocletian, the blessed martyrs Donatian and Rogatian, brothers, who, because of their constancy in the faith, were sent to prison, stretched on the rack, and lacerated. Finally, they were pierced through with a soldier's lance, and then beheaded.
In Istria, the holy martyrs Zoellus, Servilius, Felix, Silvanus, and Diocles.
Also, the holy martyrs Meletius, who was a military officer, and two hundred and fifty-two of his companions, who achieved their martyrdom by various kinds of deaths.
Also, the holy martyrs Susanna, Marciana, and Palladia, wives of the soldiers just mentioned, who were put to death with their young children.
At Milan, St. Robust | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.802287 | 0.60022 | 0.456493 | 0.269166 |
ian, marytr.
At Brescia, St. Afra, martyr, who suffered under Emperor Hadrian.
In the monastery of Lerins, St. Vincent, a priest eminent for learning and sanctity.
At Morocco in Africa, the passion of blessed John of Prado, priest and martyr of the Order of Friars Minor. While preaching the Gospel, he was bound, imprisoned, and scourged; and after enduring with fortitude many other torments for Christ, fulfilled his martyrdom by fire.
At Bologna, the translation of St. Dominic, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
Of Obedience (cont.)
This obedience, however, will be acceptable to God and agreeable to men then only, if what is commanded is done without hesitation, delay, lukewarmness, grumbling or complaint, because the obedience which is rendered to Superiors is rendered to God. For He Himself hath said: "He that heareth you heareth Me" (Lk 10:16). And it must be rendered by the disciples with a good will, "for the Lord loveth a cheerful giver (2 Cor 9:7). " For if the disciple obeyeth with an ill will, and murmureth, not only with lips but also in his heart, even though he fulfil the command, yet it will not be acceptable to God, who regardeth the heart of the murmurer. And for such an action he acquireth no reward; rather he incurreth the penalty of murmurers, unless he maketh satisfactory amendment.
At Salerno, the death of blessed Pope Gregory VII, a most zealous protector and champion of Church liberty.
At Rome, on the Via Nomentana, the birthday of blessed Urban, pope and martyr, by whose exhortation and teaching many persons, among whom were Tiburtius and Valerian, received the faith of Christ and suffered martyrdom for it. He himself endured many afflictions for the Church of God, and was crowned with martyrdom by being beheaded in the perscucution of Alexander Severus.
At Jarrow in England, the death of St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor and doctor of the Church, well known for his sanctity and scholarship. His feast, however, is celebrated on the 27th day of May.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi, a virgin of the Order of the Carmelites, who is famed for her holy life. Her feast is observed on the 29th of May.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Pasicrates, Valentio, and two others crowned with them.
At Milan, Bishop St. Denis, who for the Catholic faith was exiled into Cappadocia by the Arian emperor Constantius, where he yielded his soul to God in a manner almost like that of the martyrs. His revered body was sent to blessed Bishop Ambrose at Milan, by Bishop Aurelius, with the help, it is said, of St. Basil the Great.
At Florence, the birthday of St. Zenobius, bishop of that city, renowned for the sanctity of his life and his glorious miracles.
In England, St. Aldhelm, bishop of Sherburn.
In the territory of Troyes, St. Leo, confessor.
At Paris, St. Madeleine-Sophie Barat, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, who devoted her labours for the Christian education of girls. She was added to the list of holy virgins by Pope Pius XI.
At Veroli in Campania, the translation of St. Mary, the mother of James, whose revered body is noted for many miracles.
At Assisi in Umbria, the translation of St. Francis, confessor, in the time of Pope Gregory IX.
Of Silence
Let us do what the Prophet saith: "I said, I will take heed of my ways, that I sin not with my tongue: I have set a guard to my mouth, I was dumb, and was humbled, and kept silence even from good things" (Ps 38[39]:2-3). Here the prophet showeth that, if at times we ought to refrain from useful speech for the sake of silence, how much more | [
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ought we to abstain from evil words on account of the punishment due to sin.
Therefore, because of the importance of silence, let permission to speak be seldom given to perfect disciples even for good and holy and edifying discourse, for it is written: "In much talk thou shalt not escape sin" (Prov 10:19). And elsewhere: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue" (Prov 18:21). For it belongeth to the master to speak and to teach; it becometh the disciple to be silent and to listen. If, therefore, anything must be asked of the Superior, let it be asked with all humility and respectful submission. But coarse jests, and idle words or speech provoking laughter, we condemn everywhere to eternal exclusion; and for such speech we do not permit the disciple to open his lips.
For 2013 The Feast of the most holy and undivided Trinity, and the Octave of Pentecost.
At Rome, St. Philip Neri, priest and confessor, founder of the Congregation of the Oratory, celebrated for his virginal purity, the gift of prophecy, and miracles.
Also at Rome, St. Eleutherius, pope and martyr, who converted to the Christian faith many noble Romans. He sent Saints Damian and Fugatius to England, and they baptized King Lucius, his wife, and almost all his people.
At Canterbury in England, St. Augustine, bishop, who was sent there with others by blessed Pope Gregory, and who preached the Gospel of Christ to the English nation. Celebrated for virtues and miracles, he went peacefully to his rest in the Lord. The 28th of May is observed as his feast.
At Athens, during the persecution of Hadrian, the birthday of blessed Quadratus, a disciple of the apostles, who collected by his zealous work the faithful who had dispersed through terror, and presented to the emperor a book which was an excellent apology of the Christian religion, worthy of an apostle.
At Rome, the holy martyrs Simitrius, priest, and twenty-two others who suffered under Antoninus Pius.
At Vienne, St. Zacharas, bishop and martyr, who suffered under Trajan.
In Africa, St. Quadratus, martyr, on whose feast day St. Augustine preached a sermon.
At Todi in Umbria, the birthday of the holy martyrs Felicissimus, Heraclius, and Paulinus.
In the territory of Auxerre, the passion of St. Priscus, martyr, along with a great multitude of other Christians.
In the city of Quito in Ecuador, St. Maria Ana de Jesù de Paredes, a third order Franciscan, well known for her austerity and charity towards her neighbour. Pope Pius XII numbered her in the book of Virgins.
Of Humility
Brethren, the Holy Scripture crieth to us saying: "Every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted" (Lk 14:11; 18:14). Since, therefore, it saith this, it showeth us that every exaltation is a kind of pride. The Prophet declareth that he guardeth himself against this, saying: "Lord, my heart is not puffed up; nor are my eyes haughty. Neither have I walked in great matters nor in wonderful things above me" (Ps 130[131]:1). What then? "If I was not humbly minded, but exalted my soul; as a child that is weaned is towards his mother so shalt Thou reward my soul" (Ps 130[131]:2).
Hence, brethren, if we wish to reach the greatest height of humility, and speedily to arrive at that heavenly exaltation to which ascent is made in the present life by humility, then, mounting by our actions, we must erect the ladder which appeared to Jacob in his dream, by means of which angels were shown to him ascending and descending (cf Gen 28:12). Without a doubt, we understand this ascending and descending to be nothing else but that we descend by pride and ascend by humility. | [
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The erected ladder, however, is our life in the present world, which, if the heart is humble, is by the Lord lifted up to heaven. For we say that our body and our soul are the two sides of this ladder; and into these sides the divine calling hath inserted various degrees of humility or discipline which we must mount.
St. Venerable Bede, priest, confessor, and doctor of the Church, who went to heaven on the 25th of May.
St. John I, pope and martyr. His birthday is observed on the 18th of May, but his feast is celebrated today because of the translation of his revered body.
At Silistria in Bulgaria, during the reign of Emperor Alexander, the martyrdom of blessed Julius, a veteran soldier in retirement, who was arrested by the officials and presented to the governor Maximus. Having denounced the idols in his presence, and confessed the name of Christ with utmost constancy, he was condemned to capital punishment.
In the district of Arras, St. Ralph, martyr.
At Sora, in the time of Emperor Aurelian and the proconsul Agathius, St. Restituta, virgin and martyr, who overcame in a trial for the faith the violence of the demons, the affections of her family, and the cruelty of the executioners. Being finally beheaded with other Christians, she obtained the honour of martyrdom.
At Orange in France, St. Eutropius, a bishop illustrious for virtues and miracles.
At Wurzburg in Germany, St. Bruno, bishop and confessor.
Of Humility (cont.)
The first degree of humility, then, is that a man always have the fear of God before his eyes (cf Ps 35[36]:2), shunning all forgetfulness and that he be ever mindful of all that God hath commanded, that he always considereth in his mind how those who despise God will burn in hell for their sins, and that life everlasting is prepared for those who fear God. And whilst he guardeth himself evermore against sin and vices of thought, word, deed, and self-will, let him also hasten to cut off the desires of the flesh.
St. Augustine, bishop of Canterbury and confessor, whose birthday is mentioned on the 26th of May.
In Sardinia, the holy martyrs Aemilius, Priamus, and Lucian, who gained their crowns after being in the combat for Christ.
At Chartres in France, under Emperor Domitian, St. Caraunus, martyr, who was beheaded, and thus acquired the glory of martyrdom.
Also the martyrdom of the Saints Crescens, Dioscorides, Paul, and Helladius.
At Thecua in Palestine, the saintly monks who became martyrs by being killed by the Saracens, in the time of Theodosius the Younger. Their venerable remains were gathered by the inhabitants and preserved with greatest reverence.
At Corinth, St. Helconides, martyr, who was first subjected to torments in the reign of Emperor Gordian, under the governor Perennius, and then again tortured under his successor Justin, but was delivered by an angel. Her breasts were cut away, she was exposed to wild beasts and to fire, and finally her martyrdom was fulfilled by beheading.
At Paris, St. Germanus, bishop and confessor, whose fame for holiness, merit, and miracles has been handed down to us by the writings of Bishop Fortunatus.
At Milan, St. Senator, bishop, who was very well known for his virtues and his learning.
At Urgel in Spain, Bishop St. Justus.
At Florence, St. Podius, bishop and confessor.
At Novara, St. Bernard of Mentone, confessor. On Mount Jou in the Alps of Valais in Switzerland, he founded the famous monastery and hospice. Pope Pius XI appointed him the heavenly patron not only of those who live in or travel across the Alps, but of all mountain climbers.
Let a man consider that God always seeth him from Heaven, that the eye of God beholdeth his works everywhere, and that the angels report them to Him every hour. The Prophet telleth us this when he showeth God thus ever present in our thoughts, saying: "The searcher of hearts and reins is | [
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God" (Ps 7:10). And again: "The Lord knoweth the thoughts of men" (Ps 93[94]:11) And he saith: "Thou hast understood my thoughts afar off" (Ps 138[139]:3). And: "The thoughts of man shall give praise to Thee" (Ps 75[76]:11). Therefore, in order that he may always be on his guard against evil thoughts, let the humble brother always say in his heart: "Then I shall be spotless before Him, if I shall keep myself from iniquity" (Ps 17[18]:24).
St. Mary Magdalene of Pazzi of the Order of Carmelites, and virgin. Her birthday was mentioned on the 25th of May.
At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, the birthday of St. Restitutus, martyr.
At Iconium in Lycaonia, in the time of Emperor Aurelian, the martyrdom of the Saints Conon and his son, a child twelve years of age, who were laid on a grate over burning coals sprinkled with oil, placed on the rack, and exposed to the fire. Finally their hands were crushed with a mallet, and they breathed their last.
In the district of Trent, in the time of Emperor Honorius, the birthday of the holy martyrs Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, who were persecuted by the heathens of Anaunia, and obtained the crown of martyrdom, all of which is told by Paulinus in the Life of Ambrose.
At Camerino, the passion of fifteen hundred and twenty-five holy martyrs.
At Caesarea Philippi, the holy martyrs Theodosia, mother of the martyr St. Procopius, and twleve other noble women, whose lives were ended by their being beheaded in the persecution of Diocletian.
At Treves, blessed Maximinus, bishop and confessor, who received with honour the patriarch St. Athanasius when he was banished by the Arian persecutors.
At Verona, St. Maximus, bishop.
At Arcano in Lazio, St. Eleutherius, confessor.
We are thus forbidden to do our own will, since the Scripture saith to us: "And turn away from thy evil will" (Sir 18:30). And thus, too, we ask God in prayer that His will may be done in us (cf Mt 6:10). We are, therefore, rightly taught not to do our own will, when we guard against what Scripture saith: "There are ways that to men seem right, the end whereof plungeth into the depths of hell" (Prov 16:25). And also when we are filled with dread at what is said of the negligent: "They are corrupted and become abominable in their pleasure" (Ps 13[14]:1). But as regards desires of the flesh, let us believe that God is thus ever present to us, since the Prophet saith to the Lord: "Before Thee is all my desire" (Ps 37[38]:10).
For 2013 The Feast of the most Sacred Body of Christ..
Pope St. Felix I, martyr, whose birthday is commemorated on the 30th of December.
At Torres in Sardinia, the holy martyrs Gabinus and Crispulus.
At Antioch, Saints Sycus and Palatinus, who endured many torments for the name of Christ.
At Ravenna, St. Exuperantius, bishop and confessor.
At Pavia, St. Anastasius, bishop.
At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the Saints Basil and his wife Emmelia, parents of St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Peter of Sebastopol, bishops, and St. Macrina, virgin. They lived in exile in the deserts of Pontus during the reign of Galerius Maximian, and after the persecution they died in peace, leaving their children as heirs of their virtues.
At Seville in Spain, St. Ferdinand III, king of Castile and Leon. He was surnamed the Saint on account of his eminent virtues; he was celebrated for his zeal in | [
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Home » Blog » What Are PAYG Instalments And Who Needs To Pay Them?
What Are PAYG Instalments And Who Needs To Pay Them?
You must have often heard about the term PAYG instalments in your professional dealings, or as a business owner, or from several bookkeepers. The abbreviation stands for Pay As You Go (PAYG) and the instalments are a system for making regular payments towards your expected yearly income tax liability in Sydney.
It is applicable to those individuals and trusts that are making an income from a business and/or an investment which is $4000 or more. It basically assists in meeting the income tax obligations of people and businesses. If you hire a professional bookkeeper in Sydney, he/she can take care of this responsibility, which needs to be reported in the business activity statement (BAS).
Paying these instalments does not mean that you are exempted from the tax. You do have to pay the yearly tax return in the usual manner with the help of your bookkeeper. It is quite easy to manage the PAYG obligations by creating a myGov account which is linked to the ATO website.
If you think that you do not have the time to view and pay the instalments online, you can take help from seasoned bookkeepers who can take up this responsibility and do the needful.
Who Is Required To Pay The PAYG Instalments?
The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) informs an individual if he/she is liable to pay the PAYG instalments or not. They take the responsibility of sending across an activity statement or an instalment notice if you are required to make the payment.
The ATO takes the decision by evaluating the information submitted by your bookkeeper in the most recent income tax return. Individuals or trusts have to pay the instalments if they have reported their gross business or investment income to be $4000 or more in the last tax return filed by their bookkeeper. The threshold for non-residents is $1 or more.
The PAYG instalment is not applicable to you if the tax payable on the latest notice of assessment is below $1000, or the notional tax is lower than $500, or you are eligible for the seniors and pensioners tax offset. The bookkeeping companies in Sydney inform their clients about all these criteria. Whether you are in Randwick, Parramatta or Chatswood, you need to follow the obligations to avoid penalties.
In case you are a company or a superfund in Sydney, you will have to pay PAYG instalments if the instalment rate calculated by the ATO is above 0% and the notional tax is $500 or above. A company or super fund also needs to pay if the instalment income incorporated in the latest income tax evaluation is $2 million or above, or if you are the head of a consolidated group.
Your bookkeeper will keep you updated about the requirements depending on your circumstances and avoid the risk of delayed payment. Please note that notional tax is an estimate of your tax payable without including the capital gains tax. Employees in Sydney do not have to worry about PAYG because the taxes are withheld from their salaries routinely.
You automatically become a part of the PAYG instalments system after your bookkeeper files the tax return in Sydney which indicates that a business or investment income is higher than $4000.
You can also willingly opt to enter the system if you are in Parramatta, Randwick or Chatswood and believe that you will be making a profit from your estimated business or investment income after the applicable tax deductions made by your bookkeeper. When you voluntarily enter the instalments system, you happen to reduce the probability of paying a huge tax at year end.
It is usually a good decision if you have just started out as a business owner. Your bookkeeper will assist you in calculating the amount of PAYG instalments to be paid. If you are making the payment on your own in Sydney, you can utilise the PAYG instalments calculator to arrive at the figure or utilise the service of your bookkeeper.
There are different calculators for individuals, companies and super funds, so choose accordingly. The ATO keeps track of your situation and removes you from the instalments system automatically if you no longer meet the entry thresholds.
When your bookkeeper calculates you instalment amount, they will help you in making changes to the amount if it is too much or too less for the year. For this, the bookkeeper will first calculate the | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | -0.520243 | -0.418541 | -0.551298 | 0.53985 |
ushinkygh
[Pdf/ePub/Mobi] SANTUARIO - WILLIAM FAULKNER descargar ebook gratis
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Free new downloadable books Rebel (English literature)
Par ushinkygh dans Accueil le 10 Juin 2021 à 15:49
Rebel by Marie Lu
Publisher: Roaring Brook Press
Download Rebel
Respect the Legend. Idolize the Prodigy. Celebrate the Champion. But never underestimate the Rebel. With unmatched suspense and her signature cinematic storytelling, #1 New York Times–bestselling author Marie Lu plunges readers back into the unforgettable world of Legend for a truly grand finale. Eden Wing has been living in his brother's shadow for years. Even though he's a top student at his academy in Ross City, Antarctica, and a brilliant inventor, most people know him only as Daniel Wing's little brother. A decade ago, Daniel was known as Day, the boy from the streets who led a revolution that saved the Republic of America. But Day is no longer the same young man who was once a national hero. These days he'd rather hide out from the world and leave his past behind. All that matters to him now is keeping Eden safe—even if that also means giving up June, the great love of Daniel's life. As the two brothers struggle to accept who they've each become since their time in the Republic, a new danger creeps into the distance that's grown between them. Eden soon finds himself drawn so far into Ross City's dark side, even his legendary brother can't save him. At least not on his own . . .
REBEL - Ensemble for Baroque Music
Named after the innovative French Baroque composer Jean-Féry Rebel, the New York-based Baroque ensemble REBEL has earned an impressive The Rebel (book) - Wikipedia
The Rebel (French: L'Homme révolté) is a 1951 book-length essay by Albert Camus, which treats both the metaphysical and the historical development of Rebel | Definition of Rebel at Dictionary.com
Rebel definition, a person who refuses allegiance to, resists, or rises in arms against the government or ruler of his or her country. See more. Rebel Rebel Records - CLOSED - 13 Photos & 61 Reviews - Music
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A rebel is a participant in a rebellion. Rebel or rebels may also refer to: Contents. 1 People; 2 Organisations and brands. 2.1 Vehicles. 3 Sport; 4 Books; 5 Film Rebel (wrestler) - Wikipedia
Tanea Brooks (born September 8, 1978) is an American professional wrestling manager, professional wrestler, model, actress, and dancer. She is best known Rebel (1985) - IMDb
This drama is set in World War II Australia, where an American Marine, Rebel is recuperating from wounds suffered in battle. He is weary of war and is intent on Rebel! A Queer Dance Party Tickets, Sat, May 18, 2019 at 10:00 PM
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REBEL MIAMI - 7648 Biscayne Blvd, Miami, Florida 33138 - Rated 4.8 based on 17 Reviews "Even though I graduated University of Miami a few years ago, Rebel Wellness Zone | Student Wellness Center | University of
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.665351 | -1.364626 | -1.526812 | -1.134215 |
Chicago, Illinois (United States)
Sighted on Sunday 26. April 2020
Reported on Sunday 26. April 2020
Shape: Fireball | Duration: 03:00:00
Me and my wife were waking west looked at a bright star near the moon and in the sky we could see about 50 shooting starts traveling as fast a plain at about 20-30 thousand ft it looked like in a straight line from west to east start3e at 2 o'clock in front of me and stopped at 10 o'clock behind me tried to video it my phone was frozen my wife tried to play facebook live buy you really cant see it look like it was traveling as fast as you would emagin santa's slay moving i asume it was a saqtlight breaking up but the light lasted a long time and it was to slow moveing for a shooting stare
Libertyville Illinois 2021-10-19 Comet 2 minutes
Park Forest, IL 2021-06-16 pyramid 6-8 mins
Orland Park 2020-10-12 Orb 15min
Huntley, Illinois (United States) 2020-06-04 Circle 00:08:00
Lombard, Illinois (United States) 2020-05-24 Disc 00:40:00
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-05-24 N, A 00:00:15
McHenry, Illinois (United States) 2020-05-15 Circle 00:02:00
Mokena, Illinois (United States) 2020-05-15 Sphere 00:01:00
Tower Lakes, Illinois (United States) 2020-05-09 Cylinder 00:02:00
Union Grove, Wisconsin 2020-05-07 [email protected] [email protected]
Lowell, Indiana (United States) 2020-05-06 Other 00:09:00
Crown Point, Indiana (United States) 2020-05-02 Other 02:00:30
Lockport, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-29 Circle 00:06:00
Leland, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-26 Star-like 00:00:40
Michigan City, Indiana (United States) 2020-04-26 Circle 00:02:00
Hebron, Indiana (United States) 2020-04-26 Star-like 00:00:15
Lemont, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-26 Star-like 00:02:00
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-26 Bullet, Missile 00:00:10
Manteno, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-26 Circle 00:00:45
Dyer, Indiana (United States) 2020-04-26 Sphere 02:00:00
Waukegan, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-19 Oval 07:23:00
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-18 Circle 00:00:30
Homewood, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-16 Circle 00:01:00
Grayslake, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-09 Oval 00:10:40
Homewood, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-09 Square, Rectangular 00:00:00
North Barrington, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-07 Oval 00 | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -2.121271 | -2.010923 | -0.632442 | -2.382016 |
:01:07
Hammond, Indiana (United States) 2020-03-29 Disc 00:02:00
Mount Prospect, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-21 Unknown 00:35:00
Lake Villa, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-21 Star-like 00:25:00
Lake Zurich, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-21 Circle 00:10:00
Pingree Grove, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-21 Disc 04:00:00
Cicero, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-15 Boomerang 00:05:00
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-13 Unknown 00:30:00
Riverside, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-06 Circle 00:10:00
Des Plaines, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-06 Flash 00:05:00
Libertyville, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-06 Star-like 00:30:00
Wauconda, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-05 Triangle 00:00:00
Racine, Wisconsin (United States) 2020-02-25 Star-like 00:04:00
Racine, Wisconsin (United States) 2020-02-25 Circle 00:10:00
Harvard, Illinois (United States) 2020-02-24 Circle 00:06:00
Lake Villa, Illinois (United States) 2020-02-14 Circle 01:00:00
Johnsburg, Illinois (United States) 2020-02-11 Circle 00:05:00
Wheeling, Illinois (United States) 2020-02-08 Drumbell 00:00:45
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-02-02 Triangle 00:05:00
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-01-31 Other 00:00:05
60451 2020-01-19 Circular 1-10 minutes
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-01-15 Sphere 00:03:00
Marengo, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-27 Teardrop 00:00:07
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-22 Star-like 00:10:00
Bolingbrook, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-22 Unknown 00:20:00
Griffith, Indiana (United States) 2019-12-22 Circle 10:00:00
Downers Grove, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-22 Unknown 00:06:00
Joliet, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-22 Star-like 00:20:00
Palatine, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-22 Unknown 00:10:00
De Motte, Indiana (United States) 2019-12-22 Star-like 00:10:00
Schaumburg, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-22 Circle 00:02:00
Crystal Lake, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-12 Triangle 00:05:00
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -2.06693 | -2.195209 | -0.85794 | -2.296004 |
For your convenience, many of the map files (shapefiles) that we use in our daily work are offered here for free download. Users are free to utilize this data as they wish with the understanding that Johnston County is not legally responsible for the information represented in these files. The coordinate system of these shapefiles is North Carolina State Plane. The units are feet, and the datum is NAD83.
This data is intended for experienced users who have GIS software. If you simply wish to view/query/print our maps, please use our live internet mapping application, MapClick.
ArcExplorer, a free shapefile viewer, can be downloaded by clicking here.
QGIS, a free shapefile viewer plus create edit and publish, can be downloaded by clicking here.
From the 'Map' pull down menu select 'Tools'.
In the dialog box, pick 'ESRI Shape' and choose the file you wish to open. Select the defaults for the remaining questions.
All shapefiles are regularly updated and are re-posted to this web page on a monthly schedule, typically the the first or second week of each month. Download instructions are located at the bottom of this page.
2001 Color Aerial Photos 275MB This color aerial of Johnston County was flown in February, 2001. It is in Mr. Sid format. It has a scale of 1:400 and a 4 foot pixel size. This is a very large file. Attempt to download only if you have a high speed internet connection.
1.06MB This line file shows Johnston County Airport footprint.
1.06MB This line file shows Johnston County 2017 Building footprints.
Cell Towers 3.62KB This is a point file of telecommunication towers in Johnston County.
1.06MB This polygon shapefile contains census block information for Johnston County (Population, ethnicity, etc).
Address Points 1.49MB Address Points data including Street Prefix, Name, Type, Suffix community, etc.
Centerlines 1.49MB Road lines accompanied by various attribute data including Street Prefix, Name, Type, Suffix, To and From address ranges, etc.
City Limits 140KB City Limits as defined by municipalities in Johnston County.
Contours - 10ft 33.9MB 10 foot elevation contours - the original source for this data was the USGS.
Contours - 2ft 35.8MB 2 foot elevation contours - the original source for this data was the NCDOT.
County Boundary 90KB This file consists of a single polygon representing the boundary of Johnston County.
Fire Districts 298KB Polygon shapefile delineating fire districts in Johnston County.
Fire Taxing Districts as of January 1 298KB Polygon shapefile delineating fire taxing districts in Johnston County.
2018 Flood Zones 6.42MB The new flood data was adopted by Johnston County June 20,2018. This file shows the Floodway, the 100 Year Flood and 500 Year Flood polygons.
Highway 70 Bypass 23KB This line file was digitized from NCDOT information. Please be aware that lines may change depending on issues encountered during planning and construction. Construction is slated to begin in the summer of 2005 and is expected to last three years. Please contact NCDOT (919-733-2520) for additional information.
Hydrology 2.61MB Line file depicting water features in Johnston County.
Land Cover 13.5MB Polygon file defining the landcover in Johnston County. Shows forested, cleared, marsh, and water areas. This data was digitized from 2001 aerial photography.
Major Roads 75.4KB Line file showing major roads in Johnston County including SR1001, SR1002, SR1003, SR1006, SR1007, SR1008, SR1009, SR1010, SR1934, NC210, NC222, NC231, NC242, NC264, NC27,US301, NC39, I40, NC42, NC50, NC5 | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | -1.303436 | -0.35787 | 0.705751 | 0.108843 |
5, US70, US701, I95, and NC96.
Mobile Home Parks 5.71KB Point file showing mobile home parks. Attribute information includes NCPIN, Mobile Home Park name, number of lots, Owner, and Lat/Long.
Railroads 4.23KB Line file showing railways in Johnston County.
Rescue Districts 368KB Polygon shapefile delineating rescue districts in Johnston County.
Schools and School Districts 1.38MB Point file showing school sites in Johnston County. Includes names of schools. Also three other files showing the elementary, middle, and high school districts.
Soils 39.5MB Polygon file showing a soil survey in Johnston County. This file includes soil name abbreviations.
Subdivisions 27KB This file depicts each subdivision with a single point and the full name of the subdivision.
Tax Map Index 46KB Johnston County, for mapping purposes, is divided into 264 sections. Each of these sections is 10,000x10,000 feet. This file shows an index and corresponding map number of these mapsheets.
Tax Parcels 14.1MB This polygon file includes all current property in Johnston County, along with various attributes such as parcel number, ncpin, mapsheet, owner, mailing address, Deed book and page, acreage, and market value.
2018 Tax Parcels 14.6MB This polygon file includes all 2018 property (before tax revaluation) in Johnston County, along with various attributes such as parcel number, ncpin, mapsheet, owner, mailing address, Deed book and page, acreage, and market value.
2010 Tax Parcels 14.6MB This polygon file includes all 2010 property (before tax revaluation) in Johnston County, along with various attributes such as parcel number, ncpin, mapsheet, owner, mailing address, Deed book and page, acreage, and market value.
2002 Tax Parcels 18.5MB This polygon file includes all 2002 property (before tax revaluation) in Johnston County, along with various attributes such as parcel number, ncpin, mapsheet, owner, mailing address, Deed book and page, acreage, and market value.
Tax Assessment Attributes 3.72MB This is a download for JUST the tax assessment attributes. If you wish both the map and the attributes together, please download the Tax Parcels layer above. If the parcel contains a site address it will appear at the end of each row in the spreadsheet.
Town Planning Boundaries 37KB Polygons showing Extra-Territorial-Jurisdictions (ETJ) for all municipalities in Johnston County.
Townships 592KB Polygons and accompanying names of all townships in Johnston County.
Water Districts 477KB Polygons showing water districts in Johnston County.
Voluntary Agriculture Districts 706KB Voluntary Agriculture Districts in Johnston County.
Voting Districts 706KB Voting district boundaries in Johnston County.
Weather Data 706KB Weather Data in Johnston County. For additional information,updates to the weather information or additional shapefiles and metadata.
Zip Codes 600KB This file shows the zip code boundaries in Johnston County.
Zoning - County 3.3MB This file shows the zoning districts in Johnston County. ***Please check with Johnston County Planning Department (919-989-5150) to ensure the zoning listed on individual parcels in the county reflects the most recent data!*** To see the zoning in the County in its entirety, please also download Zoning - IHI Districts, and Zoning - Municipal Transition DistrictsThese two files contain overlay zoning, which add additional rules to certain zoned areas.. A list of zoning district definitions can be found here.
Zoning - IHI Overlay Districts 19KB This layer shows the IHI overlay districts in Johnston County. This zoning adds additional rules to the underlying zoning.
Zoning - GB_HCO Wilson's Mills General Business Highway Corridor Overlay 2.05KB This layer shows the GB-HCO | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | -1.811526 | -0.305958 | 0.582019 | -0.54415 |
Online poker was my main gig back then and the poker bonuses back then were unbelievable. Party Poker, Empire Poker, Ultimate Bet and many other poker sites (many of which are now defunct) gave out so much money that it was a simple thing to build a sizable bankroll doing nothing but playing breakeven poker.
I've read many accounts from casino players who were around in those days and they say the situation was similar back then for them as well. In their case, they could claim casino bonuses, play smart blackjack to clear those bonuses and easily earn a few thousand in a good month.
Reality had to hit sooner or later, and it did. Those early bonuses were practically giving away money and it was not a sustainable business model for operators. The free money party began winding down as terms and conditions pages grew longer and longer. Bonuses didn't die out altogether, but there is no doubt the gravy train has slowed way down since then. There is still some value to be found, but you need to look for it now.
No-deposit bonuses may be going through the same thing right now. If you've been paying attention, you may have noticed recently that no-deposit casino bonuses are becoming harder and harder to find. It's probably not your imagination.
Changes to UK gambling tax rules have effectively made it more expensive for casino sites licensed in the UK to offer no-deposit bonuses. The issue was brought to my attention by a post published by James Stevens of ThumpsUpBonus over at Journalism.co.uk.
The Finance Bill of 2017 changed the rules last year to apply the Remote Gaming Duty (RGD) to free plays and bonuses offered by online casinos. This brings the way no deposit bonuses are taxed more in line with how free bets offered by online bookmakers are treated under the Remote Betting Duty.
Previously, free plays were treated under a more generous tax structure compared to fee bets. HMRC included this change in an early version of the Finance Bill last year, but then stripped out the provision later much to the delight of operators. However, the provision was reintegrated into the Finance Bill and took force on 1 August 2017.
UK operators now have to pay a tax on free plays (no deposit bonuses) and can no longer treat free plays as paid out winnings for tax purposes. The result of this change is significant; HRMC estimated last year that the change would result in collecting an additional £45 million in tax in the first year and £110 million by 2020/21.
So, if you have noticed a slowdown in no-deposit bonuses since last August, you probably aren't imagining it. It has become significantly more expensive for operators to offer free play bonuses and less beneficial in their tax calculations.
If no-deposit bonuses really are declining in number, is it really such a loss?
No-deposit bonuses have never been my favourite type of offer due to the terms and conditions associated with them. Rarely do you find an offer that is truly no-deposit, as in you can claim the bonus, win some money and then cash it all out without ever depositing a single thing.
Nearly every no-deposit bonus I've ever played with or reviewed has required a deposit at some point. Usually, you read through the terms and conditions to find out you do actually have to deposit at some point if you want to withdraw any winnings. And even then, some casino sites actually subject anything you win with the free money to wagering requirements.
Win limits are also quite common with no-deposit offers. Think you're going to just claim free bonuses and give the progressive machines a spin until you hit a big jackpot? Think again – many free plays limit your winnings to some predetermined amount.
The news isn't all bad, though. Players are catching on to the sneaky tricks so many casinos sites used in the past to give us backhanded bonuses and the industry knows it. For example, PlayOJO was established in 2017 with a business model based on transparency and simplicity.
PlayOJO offers a new take on new player bonuses. Rather than giving new customers a watered-down "free money" offer full of terms and conditions, PlayOJO instead gives new players up to | [
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1629,
304,
3394,
278,
5240,
866,
402,
11500,
360,
329,
29891,
313,
29934,
29954,
29928,
29897,
304,
3889,
13582,
322,
10814,
6394,
12520,
491,
7395,
3209,
8226,
29889,
910,
23522,
278,
982,
694,
19754,
277,
10814,
6394,
526,
8818,
287,
901,
297,
1196,
411,
920,
3889,
1010,
29879,
12520,
491,
7395,
3143,
29885,
21079,
526,
14914,
1090,
278,
5240,
866,
6313,
1259,
360,
329,
29891,
29889,
13,
6572,
16604,
29892,
3889,
13582,
892,
14914,
1090,
263,
901,
1176,
681,
8818,
3829,
9401,
304,
27684,
1010,
29879,
29889,
379,
29924,
10363,
5134,
445,
1735,
297,
385,
4688,
1873,
310,
278,
4231,
749,
6682,
1833,
1629,
29892,
541,
769,
10076,
2986,
714,
278,
25161,
2678,
1568,
304,
278,
15319,
310,
12768,
29889,
2398,
29892,
278,
25161,
471,
337,
14146,
630,
964,
278,
4231,
749,
6682,
322,
3614,
4889,
373,
29871,
29896,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
29889,
13,
19960,
12768,
1286,
505,
304,
5146,
263,
8818,
373,
3889,
13582,
313,
1217,
19754,
277,
10814,
6394,
29897,
322,
508,
694,
5520,
7539,
3889,
13582,
408,
12530,
714,
281,
2559,
886,
363,
8818,
11976,
29889,
450,
1121,
310,
445,
1735,
338,
7282,
29936,
379,
29934,
12513,
15899,
1833,
1629,
393,
278,
1735,
723,
1121,
297,
6314,
292,
385,
5684,
15151,
29946,
29945,
7284,
297,
8818,
297,
278,
937,
1629,
322,
15151,
29896,
29896,
29900,
7284,
491,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
29914,
29906,
29896,
29889,
13,
6295,
29892,
565,
366,
505,
10548,
263,
5232,
3204,
297,
694,
29899,
311,
1066,
277,
10814,
6394,
1951,
1833,
3111,
29892,
366,
3117,
9455,
29915,
29873,
6382,
2827,
372,
29889,
739,
756,
4953,
16951,
901,
19390,
363,
12768,
304,
5957,
3889,
1708,
10814,
6394,
322,
3109,
7795,
5611,
297,
1009,
8818,
17203,
29889,
13,
3644,
694,
29899,
311,
1066,
277,
10814,
6394,
2289,
526,
4845,
2827,
297,
1353,
29892,
338,
372,
2289,
1316,
263,
6410,
29973,
13,
3782,
29899,
311,
1066,
277,
10814,
6394,
505,
2360,
1063,
590,
15381,
568,
1134,
310,
5957,
2861,
304,
278,
4958,
322,
5855,
6942,
411,
963,
29889,
390,
598,
368,
437,
366,
1284,
385,
5957,
393,
338,
19781,
694,
29899,
311,
1066,
277,
29892,
408,
297,
366,
508,
5995,
278,
28920,
29892,
5401,
777,
6909,
322,
769,
274,
1161,
372,
599,
714,
1728,
3926,
19754,
11407,
263,
2323,
2655,
29889,
13,
29940,
799,
368,
1432,
694,
29899,
311,
1066,
277,
28920,
306,
29915,
345,
3926,
5318,
411,
470,
9076,
287,
756,
3734,
263,
19754,
277,
472,
777,
1298,
29889,
26991,
29892,
366,
1303,
1549,
278,
4958,
322,
5855,
304,
1284,
714,
366,
437,
2869,
505,
304,
19754,
277,
472,
777,
1298,
565,
366,
864,
304,
28679,
738,
281,
2559,
886,
29889,
1126,
1584,
769,
29892,
777,
3209,
1789,
11840,
2869,
4967,
3099,
366,
5401,
411,
278,
3889,
6909,
304,
281,
1875,
292,
11780,
29889,
13,
17734,
13071,
526,
884,
3755,
3619,
411,
694,
29899,
311,
1066,
277,
16688,
29889,
25086,
366,
29915,
276,
2675,
304,
925,
5995,
3889,
10814,
6394,
322,
2367,
278,
6728,
573,
14884,
263,
10917,
2745,
366,
7124,
263,
4802,
28015,
17765,
29973,
25086,
1449,
785,
1784,
3889,
13582,
4046,
596,
281,
2559,
886,
304,
777,
4450,
300,
837,
1312,
5253,
29889,
13,
1576,
9763,
3508,
29915,
29873,
599,
4319,
29892,
2466,
29889,
7412,
414,
526,
4380,
292,
373,
304,
278,
269,
484,
557,
29891,
534,
7358,
577,
1784,
3209,
8226,
11840,
1304,
297,
278,
4940,
304,
2367,
502,
1250,
3179,
287,
10814,
6394,
322,
278,
13661,
9906,
372,
29889,
1152,
1342,
29892,
7412,
29949,
29967,
29949,
471,
7841,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
411,
263,
5381,
1904,
2729,
373,
1301,
862,
3819,
322,
23205,
29889,
13,
13454,
29949,
29967,
29949,
16688,
263,
716,
2125,
373,
716,
4847,
10814,
6394,
29889,
390,
1624,
1135,
6820,
716,
20330,
263,
4094,
287,
29899,
3204,
376,
9021,
6909,
29908,
5957,
2989,
310,
4958,
322,
5855,
29892,
7412,
29949,
29967,
29949,
2012,
4076,
716,
10769,
701,
304,
29871
] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.040151 | -0.338727 | 0.259238 | -0.328172 |
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