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ents (amendment) act 2002 came into force from 20th may 2003
The patents (amendment) act 2005 effective from 1st january 2005
In India the Law relating to Patents is governed by the Patents Act 1970 along with the recent Amendment . The Indian Patents Act defines an invention as follows:
Invention means any new and useful:
i) Art, process, method or manner of manufacture,
ii) Machine, apparatus or other article,
iii) Substance produced by manufacture and includes any new & useful improvement of any of them and an alleged invention.Therefore, in order to be patentable, an invention must possess the following characteristics:
a) It should relate to a manner of manufacture.
b) The manner of manufacture should be novel.
c) It should be the outcome of inventive activity.
d) It should have utility.
e) It should not be contrary to law and morality.
The Indian Patents Act also lays down some norms as to which inventions are not patentable. Following inventions are not patentable:
a) An invention which is frivolous or which claims anything obvious or contrary to well established natural laws.
b) An invention, the primary or intended use of which would be contrary to any law or morality or injurious to public health.
c) The mere discovery of a scientific principle or the formulation of an abstract theory.
d) The mere discovery of any new property or new use for a known substance or of the mere use of a known process, machine or apparatus unless such known process results in a new product or employs atleast one new reactant.
]e) A substance obtained by a mere admixture resulting only in the aggregation of the properties of the components thereof or a process for producing such substance.
f) The mere arrangement or rearrangement or duplication of known devices each functioning independently of one another in a known way.
g) A method or process of testing applicable during the process of manufacture for rendering the machine, apparatus or other equipment more efficient or for the improvement or restoration of the existing machine, apparatus or other equipment or for the improvement or control of manufacture.
h) A method of agriculture or horticulture.
i) A process for the medical, surgical, curative, prophylactic or other treatment of human beings or any process for a similar treatment of animals or plants to render them free of disease or to increase their economic value or that of their products.
j) An invention relating to atomic energy.
Brief about Indian Patent System
After 1972 The Act remained in force for about 24 years without any change till December 1994. An ordinance effecting certain changes in the Act was issued on 31 st December 1994, which ceased to operate after six months. Subsequently, another ordinance was issued in 1999. This ordinance was subsequently replaced by the Patents (Amendment) Act, 1999 that was brought into force retrospectively from 1st January, 1995. The amended Act provided for filing of applications for product patents in the areas of drugs, pharmaceuticals and agro chemicals though such patents were not allowed. However, such applications were to be examined only after 31-12-2004. Meanwhile, the applicants could be allowed Exclusive Marketing Rights (EMR) to sell or distribute these products in India, subject to full filment of certain conditions.
The second amendment to the 1970 Act was made through the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2002 (Act 38 0f 2002). This Act came into force on 20th May 2003 with the introduction of the new Patent Rules, 2003 by replacing the earlier Patents Rules, 1972
The third amendment to the Patents Act 1970 was introduced through the Patents (Amendment) Ordinance, 2004 w.e.f. 1st January, 2005. This Ordinance was later replaced by the Patents (Amendment) Act 2005 (Act 15 Of 2005 ) on 4th April, 2005 which was brought into force | -0.958342 | 0.732078 | 0.643312 | 0.802908 | [
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from 1-1-2005.
THE PATENTS (AMENDMENT) ACT 1999.
The Patents Amendment Act 1999 was passed in March 1999 to confirm with these international obligations and has retrospective effect from 1st January 1995. This act was published in The Gazette of India, on Friday, March 26, 1999. As " The Patent (Amendment) Act 1999, (No. 17 of 1999).
The main features of the amendments are as follows:
1. SHORT TITLE AND COMMENCEMENT.-
(1) This Act may be called the Patents (Amendment) Act, 1999.
(2) It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 1st day of January, 1995.
2. AMENDMENT OF SECTION 5.-
Section 5 of the Patents Act, 1970 (39 of 1970)(hereinafter referred to as the principal Act) shall be renumbered as sub-section (1) thereof and after sub-section (1) as so renumbered, the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:-"(2) Not withstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), a claim for patent of an invention for a substance itself intended for use, or capable of being used, as medicine or drug, except the medicine or drug specified under sub-clause (v) of clause (l) of sub-section (1) of section 2, may be made and shall be dealt, without prejudice to the other provisions of this Act, in the manner provided in Chapter IVA.".
3. INSERTION OF NEW CHAPTER IVA.-
After Chapter IV of the principal Act, the following Chapter shall be inserted, namely:
CHAPTER IVA- EXCLUSIVE MARKETING RIGHTS
24A. Application for grant of exclusive rights.-
(1)Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) of section 12, the Controller shall not, under that sub-section, refer an application in respect of a claim for a patent covered under sub-section (2) of section 5 to an examiner for making a report till the 31st day of December, 2004 and shall, where an application for grant of exclusive right to sell or distribute the article or substance in India has been made in the prescribed form and manner and on payment of prescribed fee, refer the application for patent, to an examiner for making a report to him as to whether the invention is not an invention within the meaning of this Act in terms of section 3 or the invention is an invention for which no patent can be granted in terms of section 4.
(2)Where the Controller, on receipt of a report under sub-section (1) and after such other investigation as he may deem necessary, is satisfied that the invention is not an invention within the meaning of this Act in terms of section 3 or the invention is an invention for which no patent can be granted in terms of section 4, he shall reject the application for exclusive right to sell or distribute the article or substance.
(3)In a case where an application for exclusive right to sell or distribute an article or a substance is not rejected by the Controller on receipt of a report under sub-section (1) and after such other investigation, if any, made by him, he may proceed to grant exclusive right to sell or distribute the article or substance in the manner provided in section 24B.
Explanation. It is hereby clarified that for the purposes of this section, the exclusive right to sell or distribute any article or substance under this section shall not include an article or substance based on the system of Indian medicine as in clause (e) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970 (48 of 1970) and where such article or substance is already in the public domain.
24B. Grant of exclusive rights.-
(1)Where a claim for patent covered under sub-section (2) of section 5 has been made and the applicant has,-
(a) where an invention has been made whether in India or in a country other than India and before filing such a claim, filed an application for the same invention claiming identical article or substance in a convention | -1.158315 | -0.430487 | -0.19555 | 0.766489 | [
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country on or after the 1st day of January, 1995 and the patent and the approval to sell or distribute the article or substance on the basis of appropriate tests conducted on or after the 1st day of January, 1995, in that country has been granted on or after the date of making a claim for patent covered under sub-section (2) of section 5; or
(b) where an invention has been made in India and before filing such a claim, made a claim for patent on or after the 1st day of January, 1995 for method or process of manufacture for that invention relating to identical article or substance and has been granted in India the patent there for on or after the date of making a claim for patent covered under sub-section (2) of section 5,
and has received the approval to sell or distribute the article or substance from the authority specified in this behalf by the Central Government, then, he shall have the exclusive right by himself, his agents or licensees to sell or distribute in India the article or the substance on and from the date of approval granted by the Controller in this behalf till a period of five years or till the date of grant of patent or the date of rejection of application for the grant of patent, whichever is earlier.
(2)Where, the specifications of an invention relatable to an article or a substance covered under sub- section (2) of section 5 have been recorded in a document or the invention has been tried or used, or, the article or the substance has been sold, by a person, before a claim for a patent of that invention is made in India or in a convention country, then, the sale or distribution of the article or substance by such person, after the claim referred to above is made, shall not be deemed to be an infringement of exclusive right to sell or distribute under sub-section (1):
Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply in a case where a person makes or uses an article or a substance with a view to selling or distribute the same, the details of invention relatable thereto were given by a person who was holding an exclusive right to sell or distribute the article or substance.
24C. Compulsory licenses.-
The provisions in relation to compulsory licenses in Chapter XVI shall, subject to the necessary modifications, apply in relation to an exclusive right to sell or distribute under section 24B as they apply to, and in relation to, a right under a patent to sell or distribute and for that purpose the following modifications shall be deemed to have been made to the provisions of that Chapter and all their grammatical variations and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly, namely:
(a)throughout Chapter XVI,
(i) working of the invention shall be deemed to be selling or distributing of the article or substance;
(ii) references to "patents" shall be deemed to be references to "right to sell or distribute";
(iii) references to "patented article" shall be deemed to be references to "an article for which exclusive right to sell or distribute has been granted";
(b)three years from the date of sealing of a patent in section 84 shall be deemed to be two years from the date of approval by the Controller for exclusive right to sell or distribute under section 24B;
(c)the time which has elapsed since the sealing of a patent under section 85 shall be deemed to be the time which has elapsed since the approval by the Controller for exclusive right to sell or distribute under section 24B;
(d)clauses (d) and (e) of section 90 shall be omitted.
24D. Special provision for selling or distribution.-
(1) Without prejudice to the provisions of any other law for the time being in force, where, at any time after an exclusive right to sell or distribute any article or substance has been granted under sub-section (1)of section 24B, the Central Government is satisfied that it is necessary or expedient in public interest to sell or distribute the article or substance by a person other than a person to whom exclusive right has been granted under sub-section (1) of section 24B, it may, by itself or through any person authorized in writing by it in this behalf, sell or distribute the article or substance.
(2) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette and | -1.172012 | -0.879487 | -0.533583 | 0.925172 | [
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at any time after an exclusive right to sell or distribute an article or a substance has been granted, direct, in the public interest and for reasons to be stated, that the said article or substance shall be sold at a price determined by an authority specified by it in this behalf.
24E. Suits relating to infringements.-
All suits relating to infringement of a right under section 24B shall be dealt with in the same manner as if they were suits concerning infringement of patents under Chapter XVIII.
24F. Central Government and its officers not to be liable.-
The examination and investigations required under this Chapter shall not be deemed in any way to warrant the validity of any grant of exclusive right to sell or distribute, and no liability shall be incurred by the Central Government or any officer thereof by reason of, or in connection with, any such examination or investigation or any report or other proceedings consequent thereon.''.
4. OMISSION OF SECTION 39.-
Section 39 of the principal Act shall be omitted.
5. AMENDMENT OF SECTION 40.-
In section 40 of the principal Act, the words and figures "or makes or causes to be made an application for the grant of a patent outside India in contravention of section 39" shall be omitted.
In section 64 of the principal Act, in sub-section (1), in clause (n), the words and figures "or made or caused to be made an application for the grant of a patent outside India in contravention of section 39" shall be omitted.
7. AMENDMENT OF SECTION 118.-
In section 118 of the principal Act, the words and figures "or makes or causes to be made an application for the grant of a patent in contravention of section 39" shall be omitted.
8. INSERTION OF NEW SECTION 157A.-
After section 157 of the principal Act, the following section shall be inserted, namely:-
"157A. Protection of security of India.-Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Central Government shall,-
(a) not disclose any information relating to any patentable invention or any application relating to the grant of a patent under this Act, which it considers prejudicial to the interest of security of India;
(b) take action including the revocation of any patent which it considers necessary in the interest of security of India:
Provided that the Central Government shall, before taking any action under this clause, issue a notification in the Official Gazette declaring its intention to take such action.
Explanation.- For the purposes of this section, the expression "essential security of India" means any action necessary for the security of India which-
(i) relates to fissionable materials or the materials from which they are derived; or
(ii) relates to the traffic in arms, ammunition and implements or war and to such traffic in other goods and materials as is carried on directly or indirectly for the purpose of supplying a military establishment; or
(iii) Which is taken in time of war or other emergency in matter of international relations.".
9. REPEAL AND SAVINGS.-
(1) The Patents (Amendment) Ordinance, 1999 (Ord. 3 of 1999), is hereby repealed
(2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action taken under the principal Act, as amended by the Patents (Amendment) Ordinance, 1994 (Ord. 13 of 1994), which ceased to operate, or under the Patents (Amendment) Ordinance, 1999 (Ord. 3 of 1999), shall be deemed to have been done or taken under the corresponding provisions of the principal Act, as amended by this Act.
(3) All applications made in respect of claims for patent of invention specified under sub-section (2) of section 5 of the principal Act, from the date of cesser of the Patents (Amendment) Ordinance, 1994 (Ord. 13 of 1994) till the date on which this Act received the assent of the President (both days includive) shall be deemed to have been validly made as if the provisions of the principal Act, as amended by this Act, had been in force at all material times.(The Patent Amendment act | -1.087092 | -0.625218 | -0.362942 | 0.998011 | [
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You are here: Home » Accountant Costa del Sol » Judgment Court of Justice of the Europan Union and adaptation of the Spanish Inheritance and Donation Tax Law, for non residents
Judgment Court of Justice of the Europan Union and adaptation of the Spanish Inheritance and Donation Tax Law, for non residents
The Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union dated 3rd September 2014, Case C-127/12 (http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?docid=157285&doclang=ES) states contrary to the principle of free movement of capital, the different tax treatment of donations and inheritance between inheritors and donees residents and non-residents in Spain, between grantors residents and non-residents in Spain and between donations and similar provisions of Real Estates situated in Spain and outside.
The judgment does not refer to the powers attributed to the Autonomous Communities (generally with a more favourable fiscal impact to the taxpayer), but rather to national legislation which was applicable to non-residents in this matter.
By Spanish Law 26/2014 of 27 November (published in the Official Gazette of 28th November 2014), is adjusted the legislation of Inheritance and Donations (Law 29/1989) to the premises stated in the Court of Justice of the European Union.
Focusing on inheritance assumptions, which are those most frequently, resolved in Arcos and Lamers Asociados, the adaptation of national law to European judgment will mean the following:
In the event of acquisition of goods and rights by inheritance, legacy or any other Title of succession if the deceased had been resident in a Member State of the European Union(1) or European Economic Area(2), other than Spain, the taxpayers are entitled to the application by the regulation approved by the Autonomous Community where the highest value of the assets and rights of the estate located in Spain are. If there were not any good or right located in Spain, shall apply to each taxpayer with the rules of the Autonomous Community in which he resides.
In the event of acquisition of goods and rights by inheritance, legacy or any other Title of succession, if the deceased had been resident in one Autonomous Communities, non-resident taxpayers who are resident in a Member State of the European Union or the Space European Economic shall be entitled to the application by the regulation approved by that Autonomous Community.
To these effects, it is understood that the Spanish residents, are resident in one Autonomous Community when they remain a greater number of days in the period of the five previous years, counted from date to date, that finish the day before of the taxable date.
This adaptation of the Law of Inheritance and Donations to the judgment of the European Court is important, so that the Spanish Tax Authorities should update the appropriate tax forms as at 1st January 2015, due to the fact that presently the autonomous bonuses are not included in the current tax forms.
At our Spanish law firm in Marbella, Málaga, Spain, Arcos & Lamers Asociados, we have a team of experts to advise you on the process of Inheritance matters and the settlement of the corresponding Spanish Inheritance taxes. Ensure your peace of mind!
Contact one of the English speaking lawyers of our firm in Spain now!
(1).- Germany, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Netherlands, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Portugal, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Romania, Sweden.
(2).- Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway.
Féliz Ruiz, lawyer in Marbella.
Inheritance Marbella, Non Residents in Spain, Spanish Inheritance Tax, Spanish Will, Tax Advice Marbella,
Accountant Costa del Sol
Accountant in Marbella
Accountant Marbella
Accountants in Marbella
Arcos- | -0.446426 | -0.438098 | -0.414935 | 0.433513 | [
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Level: The Escape
Author(s): SaifAhmed777
High Priestess 4 4 5 5
Jose 5 5 5 6
manarch2 3 3 3 4
MichaelP 6 5 4 5
Orbit Dream 5 6 5 6
Phil 7 6 6 8
Rambo 5 4 3 5
Ryan 5 5 5 6
(8 reviews) 5.00 4.75 4.50 5.63
"This level can be a little too tedious for its own good at times, the main culprits being the long crawlspace passage and the boring long ladder climbs. Also, while the environment is functional and, at the bare minimum, does its job, that's about all I can say on that score. However, there are some enjoyable and quite creative spins on well-worn traps and manoeuvres like the boulder/trigger tile puzzle and the motorbike sequences which are really effective. Not bad for a first effort." - Ryan (31-Dec-2017)
"Gameplay & Puzzles: There are some jumps that are interesting, the boulder puzzle is good and I liked the bike rides as they are challenging, but there are very, very long passages and crawlspaces, boring. Enemies, Objects & Secrets: Few enemies (why to find ammo after killing the last one), only a few objects that feel a bit out of place and one good secret. Atmosphere, Sound & Cameras: The atmosphere is strange and not realistic, too boxy in parts and in others random. The sound work is poor and cameras are absent. Lighting & Textures: The lighting is quite nice in some rooms and the textures are well chosen, there are not so many mistakes here and some rooms look nice. Total: 4,25/10, some nice ideas but poor atmosphere." - Rambo (30-Aug-2014)
"I'm rather surprised at the low scores this level has received in the few reviews thus far submitted. I was also surprised to learn that this is the builder's maiden effort, which to me was more fun to play than many other first levels. The gameplay is familiar and therefore predictable - push a lever, open a door somewhere, go there, etc. However, each new area offers something fresh (and frequently exciting). You get an extended jaunt on the motorbike, requiring that you conquer not one but two fairly challenging courses. Enemies are few in number, but the fun lies in evading the traps you encounter along the way. The vast hub area was not unreasonably vast, but some of the ladders are longer than necessary and there's one inexcusably lengthy winding crawlspace ordeal that must be negotiated in both directions. In all I spent just under an hour here, and I felt that the positives outweighed the negatives. Hopefully the builder will continue to work on his skills." - Phil (28-Dec-2013)
"a fairly undemanding, short adventure but as others have stated, a little tedious in terms of having to keep ascending and descending ladders to open doors on different tiers of the main hall. I particularly liked the ambient feel of TR2's Floating Islands outside of the Main Hall. I have to admit I was unable to play out the tiniest last bit due to the fact that I abandoned the motorcycle after pulling the external lever after the ramps :D However I felt qualified in submitting a review anyway as I actually had to play most of this level twice on two different computers so had a very extensive exploration of the environments. I think this builder shows great promise and it did provide some intrigue as to what was lying in wait behind all of the closed doors. A good mixture of most elements of Tomb Raider with lava, boulders, a maze and of course the bike. The two serpents are easy to kill from a safe distance (but take a fair few rounds) and I found it easier to kill the four soldiers from the top platform with only one small medipack required throughout the level. Good effort but let down by the ladders and the long crawlspace." - High Priestess (07-Dec-2013)
"This is a debut that is not without its moments and would be quite an enjoyable raid if it were not for the rather ted | -0.29131 | -0.723983 | -0.586765 | -1.086337 | [
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This is the sixth installment of the blog series Submitting Like A Man (SLAM), created by writer Mya Kagan. The project examines what happens when Mya resubmits scripts to previously rejected opportunities, this time using a man's name. For more on SLAM, check out submittinglikeaman.com or follow @theSLAMblog or @Mya_Mya.
Ladies and gentleman, we have a winner. This is not a "royal we"; we refers to Max and I. We got our first notification that Max's resubmission fared better with his dude name than my original application did with its lady label.
Before you get too excited (or too depressed), I will clarify that Max did not get a full acceptance—he was named a finalist. But when I applied to this same competition, I was flat-out rejected. So I consider him being a finalist to be a distinctly different outcome from my own same experience with this competition, especially because of some details I'll get into shortly.
But first and foremost, a refresher on my stance about "interpreting" this project: SLAM is art, not science. Many factors in each submission cannot be controlled—presumably different readers, perhaps different needs or wants on the part of the organization, and certainly different fellow applicants in the pool. As such, I stand by my opinion that a singular disparity between Max and I is not enough to make a statement about gender bias on the whole, and anything I say about this competition and its differing results is not something I am glomming onto gender bias at large or our industry in general.
That being said, the disparity is not as cut and dry as "Max was a finalist when Mya was not," and I do think there's a possibility that in this particular case, there may have been gender bias at play—subconscious or otherwise. Obviously, it's impossible to "know" in any sort of empirical way, but I couldn't help ponder it, and I finally figured out my feelings about it while writing and rewriting this blog post (I know, so meta).
For starters, it seems like at least one reader may have been the same for both evaluations; the organization is small, and the Artistic Director, who I'll call Kathy, appears to be a reader every year. I can't be certain if every reader evaluates each script or if they're divvied up, but it's feasible Kathy would have read my scripts both times. And I agree it seems unlikely that Kathy, a woman, would have been biased against another woman's script, and/or may have favored a man's script. But it's been shown, to the surprise and dismay of many, that in some cases female Artistic Directors have been less likely to select work by female writers, and that's the sneaky thing about bias—we're all unintentionally susceptible to it.
Another thing that was not the same was the notification. I knew that in my original submission, I'd gotten a form email saying I was not selected. So it gave me pause when Max got a personal email written specifically to him. Not only was it a personal message, but the body of the email sang praises of both scripts Max submitted, particularly the one which was placed as a finalist, and talks about how Kathy and the other judges "loved" the play.
I searched my email to double check the notification I'd gotten when I applied and compare the two. I wondered if they had also loved my scripts and waxed poetically about them? It seems like something I would've remembered. And my hunch was correct: It was indeed a form email. It did not praise my scripts; it did not even mention the plays (or me) by name. Whereas Max's email was warm and encouraging, filled with affection for the plays and (by extension) Max as their author, my email was strictly pragmatic.
Of course, there are a variety of things that could account for this discrepancy. Maybe only finalists and winners get personal notes, or perhaps the theatre changed their notification process and now all applicants get personalized emails. Or perhaps when I applied, my scripts were likewise loved, but everyone was scrapped for time and nobody shared it with me. But I can't help suspect at least little bit of bias, mostly because I've heard it before—that men are more likely to be kindly encouraged or even simply responded to at all—even when they're being rejected. Take, for example, Catherine Nichols | 0.84689 | -0.491369 | 0.417587 | -0.280563 | [
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, who sent out query letters for her novel using a man's name she refers to as "George." She says of the experience, "Even George's rejections were polite and warm on a level that would have meant everything to me." It's true in classrooms too, where it's been shown that male students are more likely to be praised and encouraged.
However, to make matters more confusing in this debate of Bias vs. No Bias, there's an important element on the side of No Bias: The very same notification email that praised Max also listed all the winners of the competition. The second and third places were each awarded to men, but the first place winner was a woman.
With all these factors on both sides of the Gender Bias Equation, you can probably see why I was initially so perplexed on how to feel. And it could be argued that I'm over-scrutinizing items that are small, anecdotal, or speculative. But here's the thing: Anecdotal or not, this experience doesn't exist in a vacuum. It exists in a world in which this "equation" is reinforced by a much larger one that makes even less sense, where 51 percent of the population is women but only about 20 percent of our writers in theatre and television are female. For me, even as an optimist, that reality is what tips the scale of this experience towards the side of bias. It's a tough call to make, because I don't want to seem like I'm looking for every possible opportunity to cry discrimination. And the organization picked a woman as their first place winner, so it's clear they don't have any kind of complete and absolute, balls-to-the-wall bias. (Pun intended.) But I do think that even if being a woman did not necessarily hurt, being a man helped. That doesn't mean I'm asserting this outcome was definitive partiality, but as a part of the larger experience of my life as a writer and a woman and (now) a "fake man," I can't say it feels like coincidence.
I submitted a piece to one competition and was rejected. My collaborator (it was a musical) wanted to submit again a year later. I didn't see the point, but allowed the piece to be submitted again. And, wouldn't you know it, we won -- not only the competition, but an Equity production -- the shows first. What was the difference? The readers? Probably. The other musicals that were submitted? More than likely! So, I suspect that the outcome each year had far more to do with the other contenders than any other factor… But, that's just a guess!
I agree that those things are definitely big factors in any evaluation. In fact, I've often resubmitted work as myself (not Max) to the same competitions many years in a row for that very reason -- you never know what being in a different applicant pool with a different set of readers will bring.
With all we know about implicit bias, it's baffling that there are still organizations that are NOT using blind submissions for such competitions. Blind auditions for orchestral musicians have been a 'best practice' in that arts field for DECADES: http://www.nber.org/papers/.... Any literary manager who is organizing an "open competition" like the one described here ought to take the extra steps to make it a blind review process. (I realize this doesn't solve the issue of plays that land on the desk via an agent, but at least would help remove bias from the jurying of competitions).
I don't want to discount the thoughts expressed or the experiment as a whole because I love it, but it's exceedingly common to only personalize notes to finalists.
Yes, I do agree. What I should have made more clear was that the personalized email "Max" received was formatted partially like a form-letter notification of the winner info/finalist status, with the personalized portion praising the scripts coming at the end like an aside. Almost as if they were just going to send a form-letter, but liked the work so much they just couldn't resist adding this note about it. So to a large extent it was the style of the personalized note that made it stand out.
Aha! Yes, this is the one I've been waiting for. Sending a hug. Because if my emotions are churning at reading this, I think you too might need hugs from friends, tea-and-cake (the equivalent of your choice!), and | 1.216702 | -0.264407 | 0.610341 | -0.314868 | [
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Ron's View
Home > Baseball > Whither Career RBIs?
Whither Career RBIs?
August 11, 2009 Leave a comment Go to comments
With the advent of modern statistical measurements, the significance of RBI (runs batted in) has been questioned. I have no interest in joining the debate. I will accept the RBI as a valuable measure. It remains one of the three standard numbers attached to any batter, along with batting average and home runs. My interest in this post is in the question of why the number of RBIs a batter accumulates in a season is closely watched, but little attention is paid to one's career RBI total. In contrast, career home runs are an obsession among fans and career batting average is another of the key statistics used to measure a batter's career. Any serious fan and many casual fans can name the top 3 or 5 home run hitters of all time, along with their totals. Many can name the top career batting averages and who has them. But RBIs? Why are they such significant seasonal measures but little discussed as career measures?
Before turning to the numbers, let's think about what career RBI total might be a sign of excellence, or greatness. A review of career greatness thresholds in other categories might served as a guide. Hits? 3000 of course. Home runs? 500 has been the standard, though 600 may be the new standard. Switching to pitching, we would look for 300 wins. And maybe 3000 strikeouts. In looking over these numbers, I realized a good rule of thumb might be that the career thresholds are on the order of 15 times the number widely accepted as a mark of seasonal excellence.
Let's try this rule out. We look for 200 hits in a season. 200 x 15 = 3000. Yup. Wins? 20 in a season of course, and 20 x 15 = 300. Strikeouts? Same thing — 200 x 15 = 3000. Oddly enough, there's no clear threshold for home runs in a season, all the more since the decade of home run inflation that we have just recently come out of. Maybe 35, or 40. Our rule would convert 40 home runs in a season to 600 in a career. The old standard of 500 career home runs would correspond to 33 1/3 home runs in a season.
Let's apply the rule of thumb to RBIs. The mark of excellence for a season is 100. 100×15 = 1500. So 1500 RBIs might be a reasonable baseline for career excellence. How many have achieved this mark. Turning to the list, we find 50 players, the 50th being Mickey Mantle at 1509. But maybe a threshold that lets 50 players in is too large. That's far more than the number of batters with 300 hits (27) or 500 home runs (25). Maybe we should aim for 120 RBIs per season, or 1800 in a career if one averages 120 over 15 years. How many have 1800? Just 18, the last one being Ken Griffey, who just had 2 RBIs last night against the White Sox to reach a career total of 1809. (In fact, it's Griffey's performance last night that got me started on this, as I decided to check where he is on the career list in what may be his final season.)
Notice that the thresholds we've discussed in other statistical categories are round numbers (in base 10), such as 3000 and 2000 and 500. The round number that jumps out as a natural one in the career RBI category is 2000. And this is an interesting one to explore, as we see when we review the list of top career RBI totals. Let's look at the top 25. (The third, Cap Anson, played his entire career before 1900, so we may wish to omit him.)
1. Hank Aaron 2297
2. Babe Ruth 2217
3. Cap Anson | 0.025598 | 1.093785 | 0.846211 | 0.112244 | [
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2076
4. Barry Bonds 1996
5. Lou Gehrig 1995
6. Stan Musial 1951
7. Ty Cobb 1937
8. Jimmie Foxx 1922
9. Eddie Murray 1917
10. Willie Mays 1903
11. Mel Ott 1860
12. Carl Yastrzemski 1844
13. Ted Williams 1839
14. Rafael Palmeiro 1835
15. Dave Winfield 1833
16. Al Simmons 1827
17. Frank Robinson 1812
18. Ken Griffey 1809
19. Manny Ramirez 1766
20. Honus Wagner 1732
21. Frank Thomas 1704
22. Reggie Jackson 1702
23. Cal Ripken 1695
24. Gary Sheffield 1671
25. Alex Rodriguez 1669
Omitting Anson, we find that only two players reached 2000 RBIs (and got well past it), Hank Aaron and Babe Ruth. It would seem to be akin to getting 700 career home runs. And look how close Bonds and Gehrig were to 2000! Gehrig had two near misses — the well known career home run total of 493, just short of the 500 total that only Babe Ruth had at the time, and the career RBI total of 1995. Which gets back to my point: why does no one pay attention to these numbers? Who was tracking Bonds' RBI totals just two years ago, asking if he would reach the rare level of 2000? I don't recall reading about it. Yet, he came even closer than Gehrig, and certainly would have passed 2000 if any team had chosen to sign him last year. The 1900 club is pretty exclusive as well, yet I don't recall a fuss when Murray or Bonds reached it.
Who's next? Even if Griffey sticks around for another season, he won't reach 1900. Ramirez is the obvious candidate to be the third post-1900 player to reach 2000. And Rodriguez would appear to be a shoo-in, barring major injury. The only other active players in the 1500 club are Jim Thome at 1557 and Carlos Delgado at 1512. Both are too old to advance to 2000. Even 1800 may be out of reach. So keep an eye out for Manny and A-Rod as they climb the RBI list.
What's that? What about Albert Pujols? Yes, right. He's tied for 202nd place with Jose Cruz at 1077. A 2000 RBI-er for sure, again barring major injury. He should be the fourth or fifth player to reach that plateau. It's difficult to spot anyone else who is on track. Surely someone is, but we'll have to wait a few more years for him to emerge.
Categories: Baseball
Tour de France Wrap-up Hobbesian Calculus
A Visit to APO
Ruby and Charlee Turn One
Ball retriever
Thanks for Nothing
Bar Cantinetta
Seattle Sommeliers
Miró at SAM, 2
Shoot the Moon
When You Know You're Old
The Morgan Library
La Grenouille, 3
Chicken Parm Pizza
Archive by Month Select Month May 2014 (6) April 2014 (9) March 2014 (11) February 2014 (9) January 2014 (11) December 2013 (14) November 2013 (4) October 2013 (14) September 2013 (19) August 2013 (14) July 2013 (7) | -0.538194 | 1.07767 | -0.601982 | -0.890259 | [
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Categories Select Category Advertising (4) Animals (25) Animation (3) Architecture (24) Art (66) Arts (7) Automobiles (20) Baseball (55) Big Ships (3) Biography (13) Birds (8) Blog (5) Books (216) Business (23) Cartoons (9) Cats (18) Clothing (8) Cognition (1) Communication (2) Computing (22) Crosswords (5) Culture (52) Cycling (34) Dance (2) Design (8) Dogs (1) Economics (15) Economy (14) Education (25) Environment (5) Family (82) Film (10) Flying (7) Food (113) Football (5) Foreign Policy (3) Fraud (1) Games (2) Garden (6) Geography (7) Golf (35) Government (20) Health (2) History (99) Hockey (5) Holidays (5) House (25) Humanities (2) Humor (11) Israel (1) Journalism (62) Labor (4) Language (59) Law (66) Libraries (1) Lies (4) Life (72) Logic (3) Magazines (3) Math (49) Measurement (1) Media (9) Medicine (4) Money (3) Movies (12) Museums (53) Music (54) Newspapers (20) Obituary (38) Philosophy (4) Photography (5) Photojournalism (2) Politics (280) Puzzles (2) Regulation (1) Religion (24) Restaurants (131) Science (23) Security (14) Shopping (2) Skiing (3) Society (11) Sports (130) St | -1.952727 | -1.737199 | -1.882784 | -2.461812 | [
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Investment Strategies Fiduciary Management Responsible investing
About Kempen
Contact Careers News & Knowledge
News and Knowledge
Monthly Commentary October 2019
To news & knowledge overview
UK Economic Outlook: RIP to RPI
September was a fairly quiet month in financial markets. UK government bond yields were broadly unchanged as were international equities. This therefore gives me some time to focus on one of my (many) pet peeves. The RPI inflation index, how it is calculated and how it is used was once again in the news as the Chancellor announced another review into potentially reforming the calculation of inflation. This had, at least initially, a very significant impact on market based measures of inflation and the pricing of index-linked gilts.
The precise formula used to calculate inflation and what inflation measure to use may seem incredibly esoteric but it has far reaching and significant real world impacts not least for pensioners and holders of index linked gilts. There are two main measures of inflation in the UK the Retail Price Index (RPI) and the Consumer Price index (CPI) whilst the different indices include different things (RPI for example includes mortgage interest payments) the main and most consistent difference between the two is due to differences in the formulas used to calculate the final number. In one infamous example the price of certain items of women's clothing increased by 400% between 2010 and 2017 according to the RPI and by 20% according to CPI all based on the same underlying data.
It should be noted that there is no 'correct answer' to what the true representation of inflation is. Both sets of statistics are constructs designed to replicate imperfectly something that is inherently unobservable. However a judgement can be taken and the judgement of the Consumer Prices Advisory Committee (CPAC) is that "the formula used in RPI should not be used in any index aiming to achieve a good estimate of changes in consumer prices" and further that it "is not suitable for use". As such the Office for National Statistics removed it is as an official statistic in 2013. And yet it continues to be used.
Which brings us, in a somewhat circuitous manner and via some arcane statistical miscellanea to what happened to index-linked gilt yields at the start of September. Sajid Javid announced that RPI would be reformed, over the next 10 years, in line with the CPIH index that uses the CPI formulas but like RPI and unlike the main CPI index takes account of housing costs and so is very similar in terms of content to RPI. Given that this would reduce the measured level of RPI going forward it would also reduce cashflows to holders of index linked gilts as such prices fell and 30-year yields rose by 0.2%. The differences between CPIH and RPI can be seen in Figure 1.
The reform of RPI has real and significant impact for pension investors but the impact will depend on the individual schemes' liabilities (the degree to which they are exposed to RPI rather than CPI), investment strategy and funding position. At one extreme a fully funded scheme that is mostly exposed to RPI and has hedged all its inflation risk will not be impacted, the gains from having to pay a lower level of inflation to its members will be offset by losses on its index linked gilt portfolio. At the other extreme a poorly funded scheme that has hedged a minimal amount of its liabilities will be significantly better off as the gains from lower payouts to members will not be offset by losses on the hedge portfolio. Most schemes with RPI based liabilities should end up better off this is because most schemes are less than 100% funded even if they are fully hedged on a funded basis. For example a scheme that is 90% funded and has hedged 100% of its funded liabilities still has 10% of its liabilities that are unhedged as such it would register a gain on 100% of its liabilities but a loss on only 90% of its assets.
Of course, many schemes already formally switched their indexation measure to CPI following the CPAC decision in 2013; this latest news affects those who were unable to do so as their scheme rules prevented them doing so (their rules may have specifically referenced RPI rather than a more loosely defined infl | 0.319565 | 0.052087 | 0.290775 | 0.568785 | [
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Gratis download Guerrilla War Amrit Maan Ft DJ Goddess Deep Jandu Sukh Sanghera Speed Records Gta Version MP3, Grootte: 3. 79 MB, Duur: 2 minutes and MP3 file name: MuchhTeMashook28fullSong29AmritMaan7CJsl. Guerrilla War Amrit Maan Ft DJ Goddess Deep Jandu Sukh Sanghera Sach Te Supna Full Audio Song Amrit Maan Punjabi Song Collection Speed Punjabi mp3. 192 Kbps. Guerrilla War Full Song HD Amrit Maan mp3. 192 Kbps Amrit Maan, Download free all Amrit Maan new punjabi single tracks, Amrit Maan top 20. All Amrit Maan Songs Albums. Guerrilla War Amrit Maan Single 30 Mar 2018. Muchhal AZLyricsPro. Com Guerrilla War Lyrics Guerrilla War Lyrics Punjabi Song Guerrilla War Lyrics Punjabi Song Amrit Maan Amrit Maan, Mohali, India. By Amrit Maan Download Mp3 Song. Rakhi Aa By Amrit Maan Free Mp3 Music. Maan, Guerrilla War Mp3 belongs to Amrit Maan and Muchh Te Mashook Remix Song Amrit Maan Latest Punjabi Song 2016 Speed Records mp3. Free Muchh Te Mashook Remix Song Amrit Maan Latest Punjabi Guerrilla War DHOL REMIX Amrit Maan Rokitbeats Deep Jandu Latest Punjabi Songs 2017 mp3. Gratis Guerrilla War DHOL REMIX Amrit Maan Rokitbeats Free Download all songs from Artist: Amrit Maan, Genre: World, Total Album: 17, Total Track:. Guerrilla War feat DJ Goddess Deep Jandu Single; Amrit Maan Play full-length songs from Sach Te Supna Single by Amrit Maan on your phone, computer and home. Peg Di Waashna Remix by Amrit Maan. Guerrilla War Song Sandle Sandle Nara Vich Tara Name Likh Liya Mp3 HD Download, Guerrilla War Dhol Remix Amrit Maan Rokitbeats Deep Jandu 13. Sapna 16 Mar 2018. Trending Nakhra Mp3 Song Download Amrit Maan djpadhala Com. Singer: Amrit Maan. Lyrics Trending Nakhra Song Amrit Maan. Thokna Mp3 Song Download Amrit Maan Guerrilla War Mp3 Song Download Amrit Album: Punjab-Di-Shaan-Amrit Maan; Artist: Amrit Maan 3. Sach Te Supna. Guerrilla War. Artists: Amrit Maan. Punjabi Heartbroken Songs. Music Director: 8 okt 2016. Song: Guerrilla War Singers: Amrit Maan Musicians: Deep Jandu Lyricists: Amrit MaanGet lyrics and full audio of Guerrilla War song here Download Amrit Maan-Guerrilla War Mp3. We have about 24 matching results to play and download. If the results do not contain the songs you were looking for Desi da drum amrit maan latest punjabi song 2015 speed records mp3 indir, desi da drum amrit maan latest punjabi song 2015. Guerrilla War Amrit Maan ft You can download top 20 songs by Amrit Maan here. These are the best hit songs by Amrit Maan all time. Guerrilla WarAmrit Maan 7. Desi Da DrumAmrit Download Top 20 Amrit Maan songs available on Mr-Punjab. Com for free. Amrit Maan Top 20. All Amrit Maan Album Songs. Guerrilla War Amrit Maan R Muchh Te Mashook Remix Song Amrit Maan Latest Punjabi Song 2016 Speed. GUERRILLA WAR BY AMRIT MAAN BHANGRA STYLE REMIX DHOL BY 11 juni 2018. Desi Da Drum-Amrit Maan-Punjabi Song Collection-Free Download Mp3 Song. Guerrilla War | -2.44581 | -2.756066 | -2.811048 | -2.404582 | [
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Why Your Small Business Needs a Team Playbook (And a Sneak Peek of Our Own)
Employee playbooks aren't just for big businesses. Even small companies benefit from documenting and sharing their process. I'm sharing our Proposify team playbook-in-progress to inspire you to create your own: what to include, what not to include, and how to make sure it continues to evolve over time.
When you're a brand new business just starting out, perhaps with only a co-founder and an employee or two, things can be pretty easy. People iron out ideas and processes organically.
But start adding some heads to your company and you'll find things can get more complicated and redundant, with different employees asking the same questions, and sometimes getting a different answer each time.
"What's our refund policy?"
"What are the steps we go through when onboarding a new client?"
"Do we offer discounts? Would we add a credit or a coupon?"
"What happens if a user reports a bug?"
"What are our login credentials for testing out the Hubspot integration?"
"Who is responsible for updating the knowledge base when we release a new feature?"
"Where should I store my design files, in Trello, Dropbox or Slack?"
The redundancy of answering the same questions every week compounds for every new employee who joins your team.
This is where a team playbook (or guidebook or handbook, whatever you want to call it) comes in very handy to help streamline your business.
I recently wrote one for Proposify, and while it's a work in progress, I thought I'd share some of what's in it to inspire you to get a bit more rigorous with your business processes.
But first, there are some things you shouldn't bother including.
What your playbook shouldn't include
I didn't want our playbook to read like the text in an insurance booklet or car ownership manual.
This is not meant to be a rule book. There's nothing in here about HR issues, such as vacation time, or flex hours. It doesn't contain anything about stock options or health benefits or dress codes.
The playbook is meant to be a resource for running the business. If all the founders and managers fly south to drink mojitos in a tiki bar for two weeks (Hmmmm, this gives me an idea...), the playbook can be referenced by the rest of the employees to help them operate the business in our stead.
What your playbook should include
Your mission is the most important thing to internalize yourself, and communicate to your team.
In his Ted Talk, How great leaders inspire action, leadership expert Simon Sinek repeated the phrase "People don't care what you do, they care why you do it."
A revenue goal is a milestone, not a mission. If you say your mission is to do $10M, then what happens after you reach that goal? How do you inspire people to keep working at your company?
"A revenue goal is a milestone, not a mission."
Big, lofty, non-financial goals, on the other hand, keep people inspired even if your company is growing and making lots of money.
It's why Facebook holds to their mission of "making the world more connected", or why Uber wants to "make transportation as accessible as running water." (Here are more mission statements for inspiration)
Think about why do you do what you do, what you want to ultimately achieve, and write it down.
Our playbook contains a few paragraphs about our mission and a slide deck with our brand strategy.
Customer personas
Knowing who we do it for is as important as knowing why we do it.
Understanding what commonalities exist among the majority of our customers helps us stay laser focused as we develop product features and craft marketing campaigns.
We bake customer development into our process every day, and have personas that define who our customers are. Refining these personas is an ongoing process, and we make sure everyone on the team has access to them.
Core benefits and features
As we just went over, outlining the "why" and "who" is super important, but naturally the "what" comes next. What value do we offer our customers?
We don't include an exhaustive list of every feature we offer, but rather the core benefits of using our product, and what basic features create those benefits. Every new feature you design into the product should fall over one of these core benefits (like, save time, close more deals, streamline your process).
What | 0.940028 | -0.116232 | 1.693316 | -0.298772 | [
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if you're a service company, like an inbound agency? Then replace "features" with "services", but still keep them anchored under core benefits.
Pricing and billing policies
Pricing can change in any business so keeping the current pricing updated in your playbook is a good practice.
In our playbook, we include FAQs related to billing, such as how to respond to customers who want discounts and refunds, and different situations that may call for it.
Here are a handful of the common scenarios in this section:
When a user wants their trial extended
When they ask about how we compare to competitor X
How to communicate pricing changes
When they ask for their account to be cancelled
When to fire a customer
How to apply coupons and credits in our billing software
Regardless of what type of business you run, customer service should be one of the main pillars your business is built on.
What are your standards for how your employees treat customers?
In our case, we focus our service standards around four core qualities: Empathy, speed, friendliness, and clarity. Then we outline what we measure to gauge how we're doing, for example, average customer ratings, average handle time, or amount of replies per ticket.
We monitor the support queue on a regular basis, so if a customer has waited longer than a few hours for a response to their email marked "urgent" and no one has helped them yet, we'd push the support team to not let that slip through the cracks. The fact that our standards are documented make it easy to know what is and isn't expected so everyone is on the same page.
We also require every employee, regardless of role or department, to do one support day each month, where they do nothing other than respond to tickets and live chats. When everybody on the team does support, everybody understands the customer, and the product, more deeply.
Do your people know what to do when shit hits the fan?
In a SaaS business the proverbial shit hitting the fan might be if you wake up to 50 emails from customers saying your site is down.
If you're a service business, it might be if a client calls you saying their website went down right before a big event, or a marketing campaign you executed is getting major backlash on Twitter.
Whatever the case, there should be clear steps on what to do to resolve the situation. Our playbook includes these emergency steps in the event our product goes down:
Notify the team (guidebook lists personal email and cell number of all team members)
Convene on Slack #general channel
Respond to every customer who brought up the issue
Post status to Twitter - includes example tweets
Update status page
Email all customers if the issue affects more than 10% - includes example emails
Post-issue communication - how to handle post-mortem communication once the issue is solved
No one wants to think about bad things happening, but being prepared is a better strategy than burying your head in the sand and hoping it will never happen.
How feedback is collected and used
Especially if you're a SaaS business, collecting and reviewing customer feedback is basically your R&D. It's how you learn what value your product provides, and where your best customers feel it should improve.
We receive customer feedback every day from a variety of sources. People might post to Twitter, email support, leave a review on another website, write a blog post, fill out a survey… the list goes on.
@proposify Just have to love these guys. Nick told me the exact place to fix the content library issue I had. Took about 30 seconds, 🍻🍻🍻🍻🍻
— Jesse Beaty (@jessefbeaty) May 26, 2016
@proposify Can't sign a proposal I've just sent out… What is this madness? "An error occurred accepting the proposal"
— Matt Davies (@matticism) May 11, 2016
Your software has made my life easy. It's almost as if you designed it for me. Just landed a project after easily building using @proposify.
— Dave Shrein (@daveshrein) May 13, 2016
We outline how feedback should be collected, organized, and managed.
We also include links to Trello where our support people can add cards for common customer suggestions.
We have a Slack channel dedicated to customer development, where we post | 0.486665 | 0.171612 | 1.414329 | -0.196018 | [
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The easy way to hire the best live Soul, RnB & Motown Bands in Derby
Soul & Motown Bands For Hire in Derby
133 Local Soul, RnB & Motown Bands To Hire For Events In Derby
133 Local Soul, RnB & Motown Bands To Hire For Events In Derby.
Find 133 of the best Soul & Motown Bands for hire in the Derby area, locally sourced by our entertainment experts. Mixing R&B, funk, soul, classic pop & Motown with a big band sound that includes hits by Aretha Franklin & James Brown to Otis Redding & Wilson Pickett - These bands make a big impact! We'll help you find the best Derby Soul Band for weddings, corporate events & parties. Also see tribute bands, function bands, wedding bands & party bands.... More
Refine your search for Soul Bands in Derby
Motown ()
Soul ()
Rhythm and Blues ()
With Full Live Band ()
Bristol Soul
Always kick-starting the party, Bristol Soul are a stylish, cool & exciting 6-piece band with a real passion for performing. Putting their unique spin on the biggest Pop, Funk & Soul tunes, the band cover artists such as Estelle, Prince, Tina Turner, Lionel Richie, Mark Ronson, Bruno Mars and tons more!...
Fee for Derby
Diva Divine
5 stars - Diva Divine are Highly Recommended 67 Reviews
Number of members: 1 Staffordshire
Diva Divine tributes a wide range of songs from the 60's to present day. With impeccable vocals, stunning costumes & plenty of audience participation! Her huge repertoire includes the best Soul, Motown, Disco, Rock & Roll and Jazz Hits that were made famous by artists like Aretha Franklin, Whitney Houston, The Supremes, Stevie Wonder, Candi Staton, Rihanna, The Beatles, Madonna, The Jackson 5, Alicia Keys & many more!...
The Dreams
5 stars - The Dreams are Highly Recommended 5 Reviews
Number of members: 3 West Midlands
The Dreams are an all singing all dancing vocal trio! With a range of shows available covering Motown right though to the latest pop hits, The Dreams are a sassy, vibrant vocal act that will wow any audience with their amazing voices and slick routines!...
The Hot Keys
5 stars - The Hot Keys are Highly Recommended 71 Reviews
The Hot Keys have been raising the roof on parties up & down the UK with their unique sound & energetic sets! From party classics to jazz standards, The Hot Keys are one of the most exciting & original function bands around!...
Minnie And The Moochers
5 stars - Minnie And The Moochers are Highly Recommended 8 Reviews
Bring the very best Blues, Motown & Soul to your event, Minnie And The Moochers perform your favourite classics with music from all the greats including Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin, Stevie Wonder, James Brown, Otis Redding & more!...
Souled Out Duo
The Souled Out are a vocal and piano duo who have been playing the finest venues around the country, bringing a mix of acoustic Soul, Motown and pop hits, as well as offering a more chilled jazz set when preferred....
The Motownettes
5 stars - The Motownettes are Highly Recommended 3 Reviews
Number of members: 3 Greater Manchester
Performing the very best Soul & Motown hits with style, full choreography, incredible harmonies & stunning outfits, The Motownettes will have your dance floor full from their first note! Featuring an authentic set of Motown & Soul, followed by a party set of fun 70s & 80s hits, this incredible trio are a must have choice for any party!...
5 stars - Gold are Highly Recommended 66 Reviews
Number of members: 6 South Yorkshire
Gold are a premium quality function band available with 6, 7, 8 or 9 members. This international party band is made up of the highest quality professional musicians, who specialise in performing choice party tracks from a wide range of genres including Funk, Soul, Motown, Rock, Indie, Pop and Disco....
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5 stars - Soul Satisfaction are Highly Recommended 4 Reviews
Number of members: 6 West Yorkshire
Graduates of Leeds College Of Music, Soul Satisfaction are a professional 6 piece band specialising in Funk, Soul, Motown & Pop! With a pure soulful sound and a stunning female vocalist Soul Satisfaction guarantee to provide you with top class music....
The Divine Soul Collective
5 stars - The Divine Soul Collective are Highly Recommended 27 Reviews
Playing an accessible and lively soul based set, their playlist spans from the early 60's Motown sounds, the 70's funk and disco era, right up to the contemporary Soul hits of the modern era. Artists such as:- Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, Sister Sledge, Earth Wind & Fire, Jocelyn Brown, Beyoncé, Mary J Blige, Bruno Mars and many more. Guaranteed to get every generation up onto the dance floor... And keep them there!...
The UK Commitments Tribute
5 stars - The UK Commitments Tribute are Highly Recommended 9 Reviews
Number of members: 11 Staffordshire
The UK Commitments Tribute experience. Join them in their overarching quest to bring soul music to a troubled world. The UK Commitments Tribute are a eleven piece soul collective to reignite the fire in your heart and soul. Living out The Commitments dream through the music of Wilson, Otis, Aretha, Martha, Percy and the soul greats....
5 stars - Brown Sugar are Highly Recommended 12 Reviews
Brown Sugar are known for their powerhouse sound, high energy sets & first class customer service. Covering music from the greats across the decades, like Aretha to Stevie, Bruno & more, this 4 piece band have a whole host of previous clients who absolutely rave about them!...
5 stars - BackBeat are Highly Recommended 63 Reviews
An electric group of 5 young, cool, professional musicians. Their ever expanding repertoire covers a huge range. From Soul, Funk, Motown & Disco to Rock & Pop, all your favorite party classics & latest modern day hits guarantee to get the party started!...
Lady Soul
5 stars - Lady Soul are Highly Recommended 19 Reviews
Lady Soul are the latest big thing to hit the private & corporate circuit. With a powerful brass section & stunning female vocals, they perform the best classic & modern Soul from artists such as Adele, Etta James, Amy Winehouse & more!...
The Urban Executives
The Urban Executives are a collective of passionate, talented and experienced musicians who's number one priority is to captivate and entertain every last audience member. A perfect blend of contemporary R&B, Soul and Pop, to ensure a packed dance floor at every occasion!...
Soul Stew
5 stars - Soul Stew are Highly Recommended 4 Reviews
Number of members: 7 Northumberland
Soul Stew's repertoire utilises the raw funk of King Curtis, the heavy bass of James Brown and the household hooks of Stevie Wonder plus many more! A dedicated band who love what they do, Soul Stew's passion for performing shines through at every event and is guaranteed to make your night!...
5 stars - Melodies are Highly Recommended 4 Reviews
An exciting 5 piece function band collective that can cater for all occasions! Made up of top London session musicians, Melodies perform a high quality Funk, Soul, Pop & Rock set with a great look and highly professional attitude....
The Vibratones
Number of members: 5 Somerset
The Vibratones are ready to make your party incredible! Oozing an authentic sound, incredible musicianship and an exciting on-stage vibe, the band perform the very best music from Stevie Wonder, James Brown, The Beatles and more!...
...and over 2,277 Soul Band reviews. Read more here.
Blue Twist
5 stars - Blue Twist are Highly Recommended
"Blue twist were absolutely fantastic, they came and played for our wedding last weekend. They really created a fantastic atmosphere, everyone was up and dancing. We loved all the..."
Josh P booked Blue Twist for their Wedding in Derbyshire
5 stars - Minnie And The Moochers are Highly Recommended
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the moochers were absolutely fantastic. Throughout the performance, from first dance to the very end, there wasn't a second when the dancefloor wasn't filled with guests..."
Sam E booked Minnie And The Moochers for their Wedding in Derbyshire
20 years providing you with the very best Soul, RnB & Motown Bands in Derby
Everything you need to know to hire Soul, RnB & Motown Bands for your event
What is a Motown or soul wedding band?
Soul, RnB and Motown has deep-seated roots in African-American music of the 40s and 50s, such as gospel and jazz. As such, the sound is expressive and genuine, often reflecting the pride, strength, joy, sorrow, triumphs and failures of life. It can be lively and optimistic one moment, and slow and regretful the next, but always served in fabulous style.
A soul band is a live music group dedicated to performing popular soul and Motown hits for special occasions, like weddings, private parties and corporate events. Typically featuring a strong lead singer with backing vocals, drums, guitars, percussion, keyboards, and occasionally with a horn or string section, they usually range in size from 3–5 performers, right up to the impact of a big band, with 10+ members.
They can perform a range of music to reflect the atmosphere you'd like to create at your event - from old classics to contemporary hits - and most offer the option to tailor their set to suit. Think Percy Sledge, James Brown, Aretha Franklin, Stevie Wonder, Jill Scott, Joss Stone, and Beyoncé.
They are a self-contained entertainment package, providing everything needed for a booking, without the need to hire additional sound and lighting equipment. Often travelling over a wide geographical area, their performances are designed specifically for private events.
What music will they play?
Old classics or modern hits, soul and Motown bands will perform the best range of music to get you and your guests moving. Think music from the likes of:
Percy Sledge
Check out the repertoire for each band on their individual profile pages. Many will offer the option to tailor their set list to your specific passions!
Popular types of Motown wedding band
Take jazz music, add a strong beat coupled with lyrics about life, love and freedom, and you have Rhythm and Blues music. Nowadays, RnB is a genre in its own right, sprouting sub-genres such as funk, ska, and hip-hop. This genre is home to artists as disparate as Stevie Wonder, Tina Turner, Whitney Houston, The Rolling Stones, Michael Jackson, Jay Z, Mary J. Blige and Justin Timberlake.
Born out of jazz and rhythm and blues in the late 1950s, soul music also has links to American gospel, combining powerful rhythms and strong, emotive vocals. Artists in this field include Aretha Franklin, James Brown, Jackie Wilson, Marvin Gaye, Luther Vandross, Sam Cook and Joss Stone.
Calling themselves 'the new definition of soul', this style of music was named after Detroit-based record label, Motown Records. Founded in 1958, the Motown record label created a new sound by merging soul and new pop, which proved extremely popular, filling dance-floors in night clubs and discos ever since. Motown artists include artists like Smokey Robinson and The Miracles, Diana Ross and The Supremes, the Four Tops, The Temptations, The Pointer Sisters, the Jackson 5, and Lionel Ritchie.
Classic Pop
Usually containing between from 3–10+ members, often with female lead vocals and more prominent use of keyboards or a brass section. Most of our soul, RnB and Motown bands will perform a range of classic pop and Motown hits, to modern pop and RnB artists like Rhianna, Amy Winehouse, Pharrell, Taylor Swift and Beyoncé.
Do you have a soul or Motown tribute band near me?
Our bands headline at a variety of occasions across the UK and internationally – from private parties and weddings to corporate events. They most frequently perform in:
Perthshire area
Are they suitable for my event?
Soul bands specialise in fantastically fun, spirited performances, certain to fill the dance floor! They are usually | 0.457902 | -0.331555 | -0.351211 | -1.16763 | [
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the headline evening entertainment, but can provide several options for your own event, be it a:
Private dinners
Bar Mitzvah or Bat Mitzva
Our bands come in all shapes and sizes, from sole soul singers and dynamic duets performing with backing tracks, to impressive 10-piece big bands with a lively brass section that will blow you away! Many offer flexibility for your event, and many solo artists also offer a live band option. You can scale most options up or down, depending on your budget and event requirements. You may want a lower-key version of your chosen band's set for your wedding ceremony or afternoon drinks reception, for example, adding members in the evening for a larger line-up, making your party an energetic event after the lights go down!
Soul music is all-inclusive, and a great choice if you want all your guests to get up and enjoy themselves - whatever their age! They're also great for exciting corporate events, fun cocktail parties, and can even provide walk-on music for awards ceremonies.
How much do soul bands for hire cost?
The cost of a Motown or soul band will vary, depending on line-up and the options each band offers.
In the last 12 months, the average price of a 5-piece band is around £1,600.
This table shows the cost ranges for different types of acts:
Type of Artist
Solo singer £390 – £720
Duo artists £660 – £780
3-piece bands £610 – £1,200
7-piece bands + £1,270 – £3,620
Big Bands £1,740 – £7,500
Booking a band who are local to your venue is one way to reduce costs, as their travel time will be minimal. The home town location of all Alive Network bands are displayed on their profile pages, and your Entertainment Coordinator can also recommend the best bands closest to your venue.
How long will they play for?
Most bands offer performances made up of two 45- or 60-minute sets, with a break of around 30 minutes in-between. In fact, many offer the flexibility of several set choices, such as one longer set or three shorter sets, so they can tailor their performances to your individual event. For example, at a wedding drinks reception, your band could perform a 40-minute set of lovely laid-back soul music, then take a break to reappear on-stage for the loud and lively party set later on, at your evening reception.
Some bands also offer the option of after-midnight finishes, if you'd like to continue the party into the wee small hours. The booking options for each artist can be found on their profile page, and our Event Coordinators will be happy to discuss the options available.
How much space will they need?
The performance space needed will depend on the format of band you choose, how many members it has and the number and type of instruments they use, as well as their sound equipment. Also, our bands specialise in providing a fantastic visual, as well as musical, performance so they're likely to need plenty of room to move around to get your guests hyped up!
If you have a large space to fill, you may wish to opt for the impact of a big band with plenty of gusto. However, smaller bands and artists can also do an excellent job of delivering an energetic performance and getting the room jumping at a large venue.
This table gives a rough guide to the space a live soul artist will need to perform in:
Solo singer 2 × 2 metres
Duo artists 3 × 2 metres
3-piece band 3 × 3 metres
5 and 6-piece band 5 × 3 metres
7-piece band and bigger 5/6 × 4 metres
If your band features dancers or backing singers, remember to ensure there's plenty of space at your venue so the band can give their peak performance. Your dedicated Event Coordinator can provide you with specific measurements for your chosen band.
How long will it take for them to set up?
It usually takes anything from 60 – 90 minutes for a band to unload, set up and perform their vital sound check. This will depend on how close they can park relative to the performance area – some busy inner-city hotels require bands to load in via a supplier's entrance, using a shared | 0.559258 | -0.638648 | -0.105196 | -1.07333 | [
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Last edited by Zulull
2 edition of lives and times of John Garzia found in the catalog.
lives and times of John Garzia
Billye Jones
Published 2005 by Teach"s Cove Publishers in Bath, N.C .
Garzia, John, -- ca. 1690-1744.,
Church of England -- Clergy -- Biography.,
St. Thomas Church (Bath, N.C.) -- History.,
Episcopal Church -- North Carolina -- History.,
Church of England -- Relations -- Catholic Church.,
Bath (N.C.) -- History.,
North Carolina -- Biography.
Includes bilbiographical references (p. 153-155)
Other titles Lives and times of John Garzia :
Statement Billy E. Jones ; Lorraine Hale Robinson, editor.
Genre Biography.
Contributions Robinson, Lorraine Hale.
Pagination xiii, 156 p. :
Long Ago and Today is about a young boy named Adam and his great-grandma. Adam asks his great-grandma what it was like when she was his age. Many things were different for her, but one thing was the same: they were both lucky enough to be well loved. Complete summary of John Irving's The World According to Garp. eNotes plot summaries cover all the significant action of The World According to Garp. On Andy García (nickname: Andy) was born in Havana, Cuba. He made his 20 million dollar fortune with Internal Affairs, Desperate Measures, Just Like Mona. The actor is married to Marivi Lorido Garcia, his starsign is Aries and he is now 64 years of age.
Its either her or me
The theatrical candidates
The code of civil procedure of North Carolina
Mapping the social body
Pertelot, a sequel to Chanticleer
The law of virtual worlds and Internet social networks
Trade, money and wealth in the Canadian economy
Technology & technical education in China
Hindu belief and practice
Our missionary year 1903-4
new calendar for the twentieth century.
Harlequin Tom Tittlemouse, and the eleven dancing princesses; or, Deedle Deedle Dumplin and the silver frog
Swami Vivekananda bibliography
Dieric Bouts
Ellies Journey
lives and times of John Garzia by Billye Jones Download PDF EPUB FB2
The Lives and Times of John Garzia; CIRCA ; A priest catcher priest who became a saint [Billy E. Jones] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The Lives and Times of John Garzia; CIRCA ; A priest catcher priest who became a saint [Paperback] [Jan Jones, Billy E., and Lorraine Hale Robinson.
The lives and times of John Garzia. Bath, N.C.: Teach's Cove Publishers. Image Credits: St. Thomas Episcopal Church at Bath, ca. North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Library via.
A sweeping saga of intrigue and romance set during lives and times of John Garzia book Italian Renaissance, The Secret Book of Grazia dei Rossi is an unforgettable tale, told through the eyes of Grazia dei Rossi, a young Jewish woman torn between duty and forbidden romance and who wins our hearts with her recorded secrets of love/5(45).
Lives and Times of John Garzia, The () Here are some other books by the author: Non-Fiction • Learning to Protect Your Back, Creek House Publications,et al. N.C. Locations Associated with Robinson, Lorraine Hale Resided in: New Bern (City/Town) Taught at: East Carolina University North Carolina Wesleyan College Studied at: East.
A fascinating investigation the lives of four priest hunters – Sean na Sagart, Edward Tyrrell, Barry Lowe and John Garzia. Ireland in the aftermath of Cromwell – during this period Catholicism and Irish nationalism became inexorably linked and priests were outlawed.
The Priest Hunters shines a light on these men who hunted them. Few American lives are stranger, more action-packed, or wilder than that of Hunter S.
Thompson. Born a rebel in Louisville, Kentucky, Thompson spent a lifetime channeling his energy and insight into such landmark works as Fear and Loathing | -0.826853 | -0.413029 | -0.358186 | -0.967812 | [
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in Las Vegas - and his singular and provocative style challenged and revolutionized writing.
Now, for the first time ever, Jann Wenner/5. John Green's first novel, Looking for Alaska, won the Michael L.
Printz Award presented by the American Library Association. His second novel, An Abundance of Katherines, was a Michael L. Printz Award Honor Book and a finalist for the Los/5. Music and lyrics by Neil Berg, with additional lyrics by Bernie Garzia; book by Mr. Garzia and Ray Roderick.
Lamb's Theater, W. 44th St. () (). Alicia Garza (born January 4, ) is an American civil rights activist and editorial writer from Oakland, has organized around the issues of health, student services and rights, rights for domestic workers, ending police brutality, anti-racism, and violence against trans and gender non-conforming people of color.
Her editorial writing has been published by The Guardian, The Born: January 4, (age 38), Los Angeles, California. Music and lyrics by Neil Berg, with additional lyrics by Bernie Garzia; book by Mr. Garzia and Ray Roderick. Directed by Mr. Roderick. Lamb's Theater, W.
44th St. () (). Rev. John Gill Landrum () was born in Williamson (now Rutherford) County, Tennessee, the son of Rev. Merriam Landrum and Delilah Jackson Landrum. He married Elizabeth Montgomery, daughter John and Margaret Montgomery, in in South Carolina.
They had seven children. She died in He married 2) Nancy Miller Earle, daughter of Theron and Hannah Earle, in Patrisse Khan-Cullors is an artist, organizer, and freedom fighter from Los Angeles, CA.
Co-founder of Black Lives Matter, and Founder of Dignity and Power Now she is a New York Times Best Selling Author, Fulbright scholar, popular public speaker, and Sydney Peace Prize awardee.
Patrisse recently toured her multimedia performance art piece. Stage NOTES 4 StageNOTES spoke with the creators of The Prince and the Pauper about what went into making the musical.
Neil Berg(Music and Lyrics), Bernie Garzia(Book and Lyrics), Ray Roderick (Book and Direction), and John Glaudini (Music Supervisor) talked about bringing Mark Twain's. T his autumn, the BBC's drama serial based on Vasily Grossman's epic novel of Stalingrad, Life and Fate (), comes to Radio 4.
It will have Author: Francis Spufford. Today I switched lives with my Twin. Im ready to be fabulous like ms.
mayratouchofglam. Had so much fun swapping routines. Thanks to Google Home for sponsoring this video. #ad #GoogleHomeHub And.
Full text of "The lives and times of the popes: including the complete gallery of the portraits of the pontiffs reproduced from "Effigies pontificum romanorum Dominici Basae": being a series of volumes giving the history of the world during the Christian era, retranslated, rev.
and written up to date from Les vies des papes" See other formats. By Alicia Garza. I created #BlackLivesMatter with Patrisse Cullors and Opal Tometi, two of my sisters, as a call to action for Black people after year-old Trayvon Martin was post-humously placed on trial for his own murder and the killer, George Zimmerman, was not held accountable for the crime he committed.
Full text of "The Lives and times of the Roman Pontiffs from St. Peter to Pius IX" See other formats. The book begins as Eribon returns to the area of his childhood, in and around the north-eastern city of Reims, after the death of his violent and homophobic father.
Andrés Arturo García Menéndez (born Ap ) is an American actor and director. He is known for his appearances in successful s and s Hollywood films, including The Godfather Part III, The Untouchables, Internal Affairs and When a Man Loves a the s, he starred in Ocean's Eleven and its sequels, Ocean's Twelve and Ocean's Thirteen, and in The Lost : Andrés Arturo García Menéndez, Ap.
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Revelation 3. He who overcomes will thus be clothed in white garments; and I will not erase his name from the book o.
Literature by Genre in State: North Carolina. records returned. Title Pub Year ISBN Authors/s "Deliver us from This Cruel War": The Civil War Letters of.
A fascinating investigation the lives of four priest hunters Sean na Sagart, Edward Tyrrell, Barry Lowe and John Garzia. Ireland in the aftermath of Cromwell during this period Catholicism and Irish nationalism became inexorably linked and priests were outlawed. The Priest Hunters shines a light on these men who hunted : Irish American Book Company.
DOWNLOAD NOW» This book focuses on the authority and status of the author of Luke-Acts. What authority did he have to write a Gospel, to interpret the Jewish Scriptures and traditions of Israel, to interpret the Jesus traditions, and to update the narrative with a second volume with its interpretation of Paul and the other apostles who appear in the Acts narrative.
The laws encouraged the emergence of a small number of professional priest-hunters. Among those who acquired prominence in this profession were Edward Tyrrell, executed for bigamy inand a Portuguese Jew named John Garzia who, to the embarrassment of the government managed, into catch Archbishop Byrne of Dublin.
Journal of the American Revolution is the leading source of knowledge about the American Revolution and Founding Era. We feature smart, groundbreaking research and well-written narratives from expert writers.
Our work has been featured by the New York Times, TIME magazine, History Channel, Discovery Channel, Smithsonian, Mental Floss, NPR, and more. It was Friday 21 October when in Zagreb Croatia, accompanied by the Croatian Catholic University rector Zeljko Tanjic, the well-known British historian, publicist, writer and an important adviser to the former United Kingdom Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher – Robin Harris, presented a copy of his new book "Stepinac – His Life and Times" to the president of Croatia, Kolinda Grabar.
Now when they saw the boldness of Peter and John, and perceived that they were unlearned and ignorant men, they marvelled; and they took knowledge of them, that they had been with Jesus.
Peter and John were thought to be unlearned, ignorant men, yet their lives revealed that they were men who had been with Jesus. Open Library is an initiative of the Internet Archive, a (c)(3) non-profit, building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital projects include the Wayback Machine, and tten works: Building Classic Small Craft: Complete Plans and Instructions for 47 Boats.
The Saturday night line-up will feature returning series Iyanla: Fix My Life and the new arrival The Book of John Gray. OWN released both a press release and a.
Stepinac often had limited room for manoeuvre. A deeply spiritual man and never regarding politics as his metier, he had to calculate the best way to save lives when violence threatened, and to preserve the Faith—and loyalty to the Holy See—when Tito worked to destroy both.
Pope Saint John Paul II beatified Stepinac in /5(4). A site dedicated to book lovers providing a forum to discover and share commentary about the books and authors they enjoy. Author interviews, book reviews and lively book commentary are found here. Content includes books from bestselling, midlist and debut authors.
Other than Johnthis passage is by far the most important from John's narrative. This study will allow the group to focus on the preeminence of Jesus of Nazareth.!Not only is Jesus the Way to God, but he is also God made Size: KB. The World According to Garp Summary.
Everything starts with Jenny Fields. Jenny was a feminist before feminists were cool—she's a working nurse with zero interest in men. She does, however, have interest in becoming a mother. Enter the poor Technical Sargent Garp, a.
The World According to Garp is John Irving's fourth novel, about a man, born out of wedlock to a feminist leader, who grows up to be a writer. Published inthe book was a bestseller for several years.
It was a finalist for the National Book Award for Fiction inand its Author: John Irving. BYRNE--Mark James, 55, passed away in Montreal, Canada on | -0.188842 | -0.373635 | -0.126437 | -0.240648 | [
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Q: Should it be "bachelor's program" or "bachelor program"? I know it should be written "bachelor's degree",
but what a study program that leads students to a bachelor's degree?
Should it be "bachelor's program" or "bachelor program" ?
OTOH, it feels not right to use the genitive since there is no possessive here, is it?
OTOH, I have seen a lot of people writing "bachelor's program".
PS:
I know a similar question has been asked here:
Should it be bachelor programme, bachelor's programme, bachelor program... or what?, but my question did not get answered there.
Also, this question ( Bachelor's in Mathematics or Bachelor of Mathematics? ) really asks about a "bachelor's degree" (which is a degree of a bachelor, hence genitive possessive makes sense to me).
PPS:
I also used Google to get a feeling for the frequency of "bachelor's program" and "bachelor program". At least for the former I see mostly non-US and non-British institutions, which indicates to me that the genitive might not be the correct grammar.
A: I think it's likely that a fair number of native speakers share your belief that "bachelor's program" improperly suggests that a bachelor "owns" the program. That's probably why "bachelor program" is sometimes used, even though "bachelor's program" is more common.
My own take on this is different. When I use the phrase "bachelor's program," I am not suggesting "ownership" of the program at all. (If I were, I'd use the plural possessive and write "bachelors' program.") To see what's really going on, it might be helpful to start with the following two sentences:
He got his bachelor's degree from Harvard, but his doctorate from Yale.
He got his bachelor's from Harvard, but his doctorate from Yale.
These two sentences are equally grammatical and have the same meaning, though the first is slightly more formal than the second. The only difference is that in the second sentence, the word "bachelor's" is being used as shorthand for "bachelor's degree." Note that "bachelor's" retains its possessive form, even though it is now serving as the object of the verb "got."
Now consider this sentence from an article on a website called Coursera
How important [face-to-face interaction] is might depend on certain factors like your major and what sort of experience you want out of a bachelor's degree program.
Here, "bachelor's degree" is an attributive noun phrase modifying "program." That's perfectly grammatical, and the phrase "bachelor's degree program" is quite common. (In fact, Google's Ngram Viewer* suggests that it is more common than either "bachelor's program" or "bachelor program," at least in print.)
However, "bachelor's degree program" is also somewhat unwieldy, and it becomes increasingly awkward with repetition. Probably for that reason, the article's author occasionally shortens the phrase by omitting the word "degree," as in
The average public online bachelor's program tuition costs $38,496 for in-state students and $60,593 at private ones, according to US News—that's total, not per year
and
Students typically need 120 credits to graduate from a bachelor's program in the US (roughly 180 credits at a school under a quarter system).
Here, since "bachelor's" is directly followed by "program," it may appear that "bachelor's program" refers to a program that is "owned" by a bachelor. However, I would argue that in fact, what is really happening is analogous to what we saw in our earlier example about the fellow with the degrees from Harvard and Yale. That is, the "bachelor's" in "bachelor's program" is shorthand for "bachelor's degree." As such, even though it retains its possessive form, it is really functioning not as a possessive but as an attributive noun modifying "program."
At least, that's what's going on when I use the phrase "bachelor's program" myself, and | 0.158628 | -0.917986 | 0.886791 | -0.136512 | [
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Odd Books
Reviews and News of Very Strange Books
Odd Books Index
Amanda McKittrick Ros
Webster Edgerly
Unpoetry
Odd Books ›
The Great Expose #1
Annie R Patterson
Edition / Year:
Lone Voices
It is unusual to find an address label on the dust jacket of a book: it is even more unusual to find that the address label has been franked by the postal service, showing that it has been used as an envelope: it is still more unusual to discover that a letter from the author has been typed on the inside of the jacket. But Annie R Patterson, who wrote The Great Exposé #1 , is (or was) a most unusual person.
According to her own strangely-written account Mrs Patterson was privileged to stand at the periphery of many terrifying events. Evil conspirators and their associates confided their plottings to her in a surprisingly frank and open way. Even while she was locked up for five years in a Mexican jail they contrived to ensure that she was kept up-to-date with their shadowy misdeeds.
A plausible explanation would be that they knew her prose style and assumed that no one would be able to make enough sense of her ramblings to threaten them with exposure.
Her first brush with the evil underworld came in 1959, in Fullerton, California. She says she had made 3 million dollars by selling Las Vegas casinos to Joseph Kennedy and, wanting to invest it in a worthwhile project, decided to build a hospital and give a job in it to a cancer specialist she is taken with. (In case the name she gives is his real one, I'll call him Dr X). All this on the first page, on which she also contrives to mention Howard Hughes, for no obvious reason at the time.
The hospital plan comes to naught, due to the activities of various greedy lawyers and doctors, and - more particularly - an attempt at blackmail by Dr X's wife. All these are after Mrs Peterson's money. The end result is the abandonment of the plan. This is a tragedy, because concidentally Howard Hughes has developed skin cancer and the hospital is his final hope! The fact that he didn't actually die until 1976, of heart failure, should surely not lead one to doubt Mrs Patterson.
In the middle of all this Mrs Patterson decides to take a trip to New York. Robert F Kennedy recommends that she get in touch with someone called "Ralph". Before long she is involved in a plot to smuggle guns to Africa, suckered in by the ludicrous cover story that they are going to Catholic Sisters in the Phillipines.
Anyone who manages to get even this far (chapter 2) is worthy of some respect. The unfortunate reader is faced not only with Mrs Patterson's impenetrable, malapropistic, prose style but her frequent allusions to obscure details of American political affairs. Time and space mean little to her either, as her narrative hops back and forth through the sixties and seventies. It is also hard to tell when she was present at events or merely read about them in the newspaper. "I informed so and so about such and such" is a frequent formula, which usually merely means that she wrote so and so a letter.
You may get some idea of her very special writing style from this paragraph about an incident connected with the Watergate scandal:-
Could the recent scandal in Washington be the result of an honest man's efforts not to be bribed or not to even associate himself with any conflict of interest in, a then pending, anti-trust suit? Could the person, John Mitchell, U.S. Attorney General, have "OFFENDED A LADY" for the lack of better and more specific phraseology of saying "scorned a woman." I consider the latter a far more appropriate manner of speaking in view of the image of Mrs. D. Beard, lobbyist for ITT. according to the news media. She was called a coarse and rough woman; and judging by her language there was little left to the imagination of the public. If we are to believe she is capable of such erroneous and character assassination as is presently evidenced by the farce upon the decency of the justice Department, we must by virtue of the account, consider her no less capable of negating the truth for any reasons whatsoever. In retrospect to all the | 0.860587 | 0.782216 | -0.180966 | 0.055014 | [
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lobbying and her maneuvering, Mr. Mitchell conducted himself as a gentleman under all conditions. By the words of Mr. Mitchell, he asked to be excused from discussing any phase of the conflict of interest concerning the anti trust suit pending in the court in connection with I.T.T. when approached by Mrs. Beard. He could not, by virtue of his respect and courtesy due his host and hostess, demand Mrs. Beard be thrown out of the house. Yet, his request as a gentleman as well as one in a very precarious position politically, to Mrs. Beard that he please not be requested or expected to discuss the situation was given no consideration by her. She flaunted her person in an acerbated manner during the hours she was the guest of others which was, in effect, prostituting the graciousness of her host and hostess to have taken advantage of their hospitality for such purpose.
(Imagine ploughing through some 400 pages of this stuff.)
Mrs Patterson is a Nixon groupie, and will not hear anything wrong about him. Watergate was part of a gigantic plot by Nelson Rockefeller to bring about the end of democracy and establish himself as the absolute ruler of the USA. He was also behind the assassination of JFK. If your appetite for the evil deeds of liberal politicians is not sated, you will also want to know that George Wallace was shot on the orders of Hubert H Humphrey.
The rants of Mrs Patterson are interspersed with clippings from newspapers and other sources, which are intended to bolster her argument but which only serve to add to the general air of mania emanating from her book. Perhaps the weirdest of these are found on the last few pages: adverts for Miami Beach hotels and some unfunny and irrelevant cartoons from the Miami Beach Herald which I think are meant to show what a great paper it is. Miami Beach is where Mrs Patterson lived, so these pages seem to have been included in a display of local patriotism.
As to who Mrs Patterson is or was, the dust jacket tells us that she was born "Annie R Edmond de Rothchild, in Greenwood, South Carolina". After a religious upbringing and education, she became a beautician. She married and moved to California where she worked as an "economist" for Klauber Wagenheim [sic - should be "Wangenheim"] and Company. Confusingly she then says it was after this she went to UCLA and graduated with a degree in economics, in 1939. After working, travelling and raising one son, she claims that "during the past several years, approximately fifteen or twenty I have been in business financing. I represented private capital in both the United States and foreign countries. I was both a national and international financier".
If this does not stretch your credulity, given Mrs Patterson's tenuous aquaintance with logic and literacy, then her assertion that she "interceded with China in [sic] behalf of the United States and to bring a cessation to the war" might give you pause, as might this:-
Above all else, I served five years in a Mexican prison for no other reason but that I confiscated the nuclear films showing the farce of the Missile Settlement but none dared accuse me ... to admit there were such films. So, I was accused of misuse of a credit card.
Most intriguing, though is the final paragraph of the jacket blurb:-
I have written the lyrics for twelve songs for disc recordings. The music will be set and the recordings ready for sale for the Christmas season, titles - "To My Son, Burr", "God Is The Way" - music to be modern gospel. Ask your record dealers for the recordings.
Naturally I would love to hear what these songs sound like, if they were ever recorded. Oh yes, finally, that letter typed on the inside of the dust jacket: it is in Mrs Patterson's own phrase "a dilly" (strange spellings and typos all in original, I swear):-
[Handwritten address]
Dear Ruth,
I was robbed of all data but I had copied all addresses with no identification on them as to what they were. I have had all names and addresses and had all book orders destroyed. I can wrote a paperback on how I have been opposed. Had 1,500 books stolen from me through BOOK RATE from the Post Office...
I received the books Dec | 0.261354 | 0.381115 | -1.074991 | 0.147363 | [
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] | 1,329,990 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 13 | 14 |
. 8 1974 and sent advertising as is this to you to know if you were as yet at this address. Will you please acknowledge this notice so that I mau ship your book. Honey this is better than was the the original because I lost the option on 300,00 acres of land in N.C. onwhich we located the greatest oil find south of ALaska... read how Nixon was framed and how he will not refute my story... learn how he was given shots to force him to sign the ALaskian pipeline bill--- God, we are already in communism.. see Jimmy Hoffa is gone.. over the farce of the NEW YORK race tracks... Hoffa was involved but stole the date to prevent testifying of Sam before the FBI MAFIA committee.... and, was planning to have it used for the blackmail of Rcokefellow and Jevits to assure him of a victory in Supreme COurt so that he could defeat Fitzsimmons in the TEAMSTER election... and, then.... AH, HA... I suspect they used Fitzsimmons to get Hoffa.... the natural one for the job.... Read beginning on page 304-1A the chapter I have added since the resignation of Mr Nixon and why Ford was appointed... my next book is NIXONS COPPER COFFIN.... and it is a dilly.... I will expose my own hometown cligue Judeg WALTER HOFFMAN and others out to get Nixon and Askew [sic, for Agnew] before even Askew was VP... to have killed him after he appointed Rockefellow V.P. after Ford was forced out. Nixon rated on Askew to prevent his death--- at least he walked out a live man if supposedly disgraced... Nixon was a good man--- Ohm what I know... WHAT I KNOW because I was taken into it to carry votes in m y home-town Virginia... I wept... actually wept when I learned who and what were my lifetime friends... sure I was in the affluient group all my life... but, now I knew and how it hurt... the sellout of the USA for oil withwhich to take away our cars... schools bused from out of the state by another year--- government-supported schools... too far for home commuting-- must remain away from home MOnday through Friday--- God, help us the beginning of COMMUNE for them and then the mass transit.... I am frightened to death for this nation.
Please notify me immediately if at this address, please. Will be in New York very soon now... would love to call you and maby visit with you.. will be on radio and TV... give me your telephone number of you have no objections if it is unpublished.... Your priviledge to refuse if you like and no offense....
Lovingly, ANNIE R PATTERSON
[signed]
(originally from Miami Beach Fla. remember your wonderfully incouraging letters and your order for the book --- USA I LOVE YOU, 4 Assassinations. _..... $14.95 ... you have paid.
Which seems to suggest that Ruth Matthews had originally sent $14.95 for a book called "USA I Love You, 4 Assassinations" - a wonderful title, incidentally - and instead, after some years had passed, she got first the dust jacket of this book with the above letter typed on it, then the book itself. A uniquely strange marketing technique, but well suited to the merchandise. I also have the letter which accompanied the book, dated a week later, in which she again suggests the idea of visiting Mrs Matthews in New York and describes her hopes of the book being made into a film: if it ever is, then to get a visual style to match the original, it surely should be filmed in thick fog.
File under:
right-wing politics
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Scribbled by Alfred Armstrong 14 years 11 months ago
Chemistianity
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Popular Fallacies Explained and Corrected
A Love Letter to Charlotte Church
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Buy Lessons in Acting from Lulu.com.
I love poetry, but I can say,
Mythbusters: Laundry Edition
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I knew right away that this
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Home>Words To Live By
What's in a phrase? Readers share inspiring quotations that help them through hard times.
Bob L. faces a lot of stress. At his demanding job as a lawyer for a large corporation. At parties and get-togethers he attends with his wife, where his social anxiety rears up even with friends. In his own mind, because he's constantly questioning his abilities and other people's reactions.
To survive "the anxiety, fear and self-flagellation," he says, "I rely heavily on a number of mantras."
Bob, who lives in Ashburn, Virginia, often finds comfort in reminders that what he's experiencing is only temporary: "This too shall pass," for example, and meditation-based phrases such as, "Just this moment, just this breath."
The Serenity Prayer, with its message of calm acceptance, is another constant.
The mantras don't eliminate his "crummy feelings," Bob points out, and they don't always move him to a better place. "Yet they are very important to me, one of many tools in my arsenal for dealing with anxiety, fear, self-judgment, anger, frustration, depression, confrontation and undesirable feelings and behavior."
Encouraging ourselves with worthy words seems to be a basic human inclination. Just look at the brisk trade in motivational office posters and products, the countless web pages devoted to inspirational quotes, and volume after self-help volume of affirmations.
In coping with bipolar, many of us turn to sayings that urge us to step back from current turmoil, make peace with our situation, and focus on the promise of a better future.
I have two things I rely on, the Serenity Prayer and also this little saying: "Serenity is not absence of the storm, but peace within the storm."
—Michael, MT
When we asked readers for their "words to live by," endurance emerged as a strong theme—including variations of Friedrich Nietzsche's phrase, "That which does not kill us makes us stronger."
"It helps me to know I can survive anything if I can remember it is only temporary," explains Pamela of Tennessee.
Pop singer Kelly Clarkson uses the phrase as a springboard in the title track of her hit album Stronger. That song—a paean to coming triumphantly through a breakup—and the Helen Reddy classic "I Am Woman" helped Maria of Pennsylvania, get through "an especially painful year."
"Both sets of lyrics helped me to claim my power in situations where I felt powerless," says Maria. "And while my 12-step program tells me I am powerless over people, places, and things, I still need to recognize my resilience and strength in situations which have caused me great pain."
For help in facing adversity, Dean of California, turns to rocker Kenny Loggins. Dean uses the Loggins song "I'm Alright" as a "kind of an anthem" to let friends and family know—and to remind himself—that he will, in fact, be alright. But it's the stirring lyrics of "This Is It," with the exhortation to "stand up and fight," that help him bear up when life threatens to overwhelm him.
"It was written as [Loggins] sat in his father's hospital room about to go into a life-threatening procedure," Dean explains. "His father did not believe he would survive it. This is Kenny's response, and it speaks strongly to me."
Keep planting seeds
When my 19-year-old son is struggling with his bipolar disorder, he often lashes out in desperation for help. Since he's of the age where he doesn't like to listen to his parents, my husband and I have relied on providing our son with outside services such as doctors, counselors, life coaches and support groups. When times are difficult, I think to myself:
"Keep planting seeds."
—Donna, MA
"Just when the caterpillar thought its life was over, it became a butterfly."
I am a peer support worker in a Safe Beds program for people in crisis, and I wrote this quote where our clients can reflect on it. To me it means keep going, you never know what's around the corner. Be hopeful, recovery is possible.
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L., ON
I keep a card near my computer that reads: "Of all the forces that make for a better world, none is so powerful as hope. With hope one can think, one can work, one can dream. If you have hope, you have everything." It came on a "thinking of you" card sent to me from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York.
—Nancy, MI
The granddaddy of all "I can get through this" sayings comes, like the Serenity Prayer, from Alcoholics Anonymous and its 12- step offspring: "One day at a time."
"These words have saved me from a relapse more than once," reports Holly C. of Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania, who is living in recovery from bipolar disorder, alcohol abuse and prescription drug addiction.
"It is important for me to live in the moment and concentrate on what is in front of me, and not get caught up in the 'what-ifs' and things I can't do anything about," she reflects. "I can do the footwork and make plans for the future, but I can only do it in this one 24-hour period that God has put in front of me, today."
Renee of Lincoln Park, Michigan, spins the thought out in her own version: "One breath, one step, one day at a time I shall conquer!"
Renee has the phrase posted all over—on her fridge, the phone, the mirror in her bathroom, the TV, even in the car.
It reminds her how far she's come from an abusive childhood, foster care and teen pregnancy.
She has learned how to manage her bipolar, anxiety, ADHD, and several other diagnoses. She also worked her way back to physical fitness after losing 250 pounds since bariatric surgery in 2008.
"I just ran my second 10k and my seventh 5K," she reports. "I have turned my illnesses around from mental disorders that controlled me to having control over my mental disorders…. I have learned that through counseling and self-mindfulness I can get through anything."
To get through hard times, I imagine Dory, the blue fish from Disney's Finding Nemo. She sang a song of perseverance that had the words,
"Just keep swimming, keep on swimming, just keep swimming, swimming, swimming."
Dory is a very resilient character. She inspires me to keep on going. —M. Giesbrecth, Nanaimo, BC
"If you are going through hell, keep going." —Winston Churchill
I try to remember this quote when I feel like things are as bad as they can possibly be. It gives me strength, and makes me chuckle. I think most of us with bipolar disorder have felt during the lowest times of depression or during the most chaotic, wildest, disturbing moments of mania that we are in fact in hell. The simple advice to keep going is, at least in part, what can get me through. —Lara, Dallas, TX
It's just a moment
My inspirational phrase comes from U2's song "Stuck in a Moment You Can't Get Out Of." I will listen to the song over and over to get me through hard times, whether it's helping my partner deal with her manic or depressive episodes, or through my own personal challenges of depression and binge eating disorder.
The entire song is an encouragement to just pick yourself up and keep moving, get out of this dark moment and look for something better. The very last line is the one that resonates so powerfully that I want to have it tattooed on my skin: "
It's just a moment; this time will pass." —J.E., Tulsa, OK
People of faith (Judeo-Christian, that is) often turn to The Word—verses and psalms that carry the reminder of God's comfort or the promise of a greater meaning behind life's tribulations.
"The Old Testament is a great source of comfort to me at all times," says Kathy of Oregon. If nothing else, the many scriptures about suffering remind her that she's not alone, "that everyone has some discomfort, or these verses would not be [there] for all to read."
She often recites Psalm 51:10 to herself ("Create | 1.18383 | -0.447946 | 0.691501 | -0.88213 | [
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in me a pure heart, O God, and renew a steadfast spirit within me") to keep herself focused on staying healthy. When depression or mania do strike, 1 Peter 5:10 ("And the God of all grace … will himself restore you and make you strong, firm and steadfast") gives her hope.
It's a message that, "God is always with me, and I can count on him that I will be given what I need to recover or be in remission," she explains.
Lorna of Manitoba, spent several difficult years denying her bipolar diagnosis and several more trying to get her illness under control. Verses that spoke to a divine plan beyond her understanding sustained Lorna even when she felt abandoned in her trouble.
One of her favorites was Proverbs 3:5-6 ("Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways submit to him, and he will make your paths straight"). Another was Romans 8:28 ("And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him …").
Lorna has been in recovery for the past year, no longer plagued by outsized anger, panic attacks, extreme spending, and manic energy. She feels that everything she and her family went through served to deepen her relationship with God and reveal her mission in life: ministering to people with mood disorders through a faith-based support group, "so they, too, can have a 'new beginnings' story."
Of course, the this is not the sole source of spiritual inspiration. For example, Charles P. ' mantra is an ancient name for God commonly attributed alternately to Sufi tradition or ancient Egypt.
"I chant the word Hu, either silently or, if no one is around, out loud … It always calms me down and lets me see that from the big picture, what is going on right now is not necessarily a big deal," explains Charles, who lives in North York, Ontario. "It puts me in touch with divine love."
'Triumph in our troubles'
During the trials of my depression, I focus on God's promise and what is positive in my life. Romans 5:3 helps me to persevere during my mood cycles:
"Let us exult and triumph in our troubles and rejoice in our sufferings, knowing that pressure and affliction and hardship produce patient and unswerving endurance." —Lyn Grose, Goodrich,
With God's help
"Lord, it is through your love and understanding that we are able to turn our difficulties into opportunities for growth and promise. Amen."
I believe that you can always find positives and meaning when experiencing a negative or disastrous situation. Not immediately… patience and resolve allow you to find the benefits over the next month or two, given appropriate reflection! —Bruce, Phoenix, AZ
"For I know the plans I have for you," says the Lord, "plans for good and not for evil, to give a hope and a future." (Jeremiah 29:11)
This verse has sustained me since my diagnosis of bipolar II nearly seven years ago. Family and close friends have kept this verse in front of me at every turn—through bookmarks, emails, text messages, cards and more. It's taken a long time, but I can finally say that I truly "feel" this verse. I do indeed believe that all that has occurred over the past few years is for a purpose, a greater plan, and those pieces are finally starting to fall into place for me. —Adele Seebold, York, PA
Stella N. uses a "found phrase" to remind her that she has something to give back. Something her mother told her helped the Williams Lake, British Columbia, resident recover after her first psychotic episode: "You are my inheritance to the world." Stella N. says hearing those words made her determined to get better, then help others.
"I knew my mother had spent half of her life putting her best in to me and I couldn't let it go to waste," says Stella N., who worked as a mental health educator for the Canadian Mental Health Association and is now a registered nurse. She adds, "I think of those words if I start to feel sorry for myself."
Taking a slightly different tack from inspirational sayings and scripture, affirmations serve the role of personal cheerleader or coach.
One day during a bad bout of depression, Chelsea Strangeway of Madison, Wisconsin, wrote herself a message | 1.416675 | -0.495398 | 0.99585 | -0.296496 | [
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] | 1,329,995 | 2,048 | CommonCrawl | 19 | 18 |
Clemente's legacy remains vibrant source of inspiration
Throughout 2021, we have examined the career and life of Roberto Clemente from many perspectives. What's left now is the question that comes up inevitably: 50 years after his remarkable play in the 1971 World Series, what is his true legacy? Clemente himself was asked that question toward the end of his career. He responded: "I would like to be rem...
Winter warrior Bob Nardella
After decades as a standout hockey defenseman and accomplished assistant coach, as well as more than 20 years as the owner of his own business, Bob Nardella has concluded that the surest path to success is as a team player. "It doesn't matter if you're a janitor or a VIP executive — you have to work together to be successful," says the 53-year-old,...
Sports Hall to honor Colangelo, others at gala
The National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame will present multisport luminary Jerry Colangelo with the Mario Andretti Lifetime Achievement Award at a gala and induction ceremony at the Westin O'Hare. The event has been moved from Nov. 13 to Dec. 10. "When the hall of fame needed help making the move to Taylor Street, Jerry Colangelo was there....
Nardella selected for National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame
When Chicago Wolves assistant coach Bob Nardella was growing up in Melrose Park, the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame was located next door in Elmwood Park. His father, Robert, relished taking his son to the institution's conventions hosted in Rosemont. "It was a big thing for my father," Nardella said. "He took me all the time. There...
Robert Allegrini (President of the National Italian American Foundation)
It's not easy to take over the reins of NIAF at this time, with a pandemic that is still doing damage and casualties, and that has left major economic and social problems in the United States. Several programs of the National Italian American Foundation, as well as other national and local Italian American and non-Italian American organizations, ha...
Little Guy Soccer founder joins youth soccer hall of fame
Little Guy Soccer founder Edward Merante has been inducted into the New York State West Youth Soccer Association's Hall of Fame in recognition of his more than five decades of service to young people and youth soccer programs. Based in Corning, NYSWYSA is affiliated with U.S. Youth Soccer and the United States Soccer Federation. The announcement...
MidVille's Scala joins NY baseball royalty
Young players and their parents may know Dom Scala for the instructional camps he has hosted for years to help hone skills and minds for baseball. Yankees fans from the 1970s and '80s may remember his headshot in the team yearbook and the praise heaped on him by broadcaster Phil Rizzuto for his hard work as a bullpen catcher and coach. "Phil Rizzut...
Italian American Baseball Foundation and National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame announce partnership
The Italian American Baseball Foundation and National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame have formed a partnership based on their collective interests in promoting and building Italian American heritage through sports. Both organizations have agreed to a partnership founded in education and community. The immediate goal will be to host youth base...
Many Upset That Joe DiMaggio Statue Is Gone From Plaza In Little Italy; Sports Hall Of Fame Says It's Theirs And Has Moved With Them
Where have you gone, Joe DiMaggio? A nation turns its lonely eyes to you. Woo, woo, woo. What's that you say, Mrs. Robinson? Joltin' Joe has left and gone away. Hey, hey, hey." Simon & Garfunkel sang those words more than half a century ago, and DiMaggio died in 1999. But the words have taken on a literal meaning again – as a statue of Joltin' Joe...
Matt Biondi - a swimmer, a teacher, a leader
When discussing the life and swimming career of Matt Biondi, one could write almost endlessly about his accomplishments in the pool - but that would be selling short Matt Biondi, the man, and all that went into his successes in and out of the water. In the 1984, 1988 and 199 | 0.225057 | 0.073575 | -0.109952 | -1.22486 | [
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Systematic bias in perceptions of product success
History of Wayne county
fiscal impact on the Disability Insurance Fund of extending disability benefits to individuals granted family leave
Hollywood scapegoat
Nylon plastics.
Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy
Provenance and annotation of data and processes
Putting on the screws
Victoria at Table With Family and Friends
Return to the Center
Provence, from minstrels to the machine
All of a piece
NMR and the periodic table
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Teton damfailure
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Contemporary southern politics
Published 1988 by Louisiana State University Press in Baton Rouge .
Southern States -- Politics and government -- 1951-
Statement edited by James F. Lea.
Contributions Lea, James F.
LC Classifications F216.2 .C59 1988
Download Contemporary southern politics
Download PDF Download RTF Download FB2 Download EPUB
Wilhoit, F. Congress and massive resistanceFeagin, J. Civil rights voting by southern CongressmenSpicer, G. Federal judiciary and political change in the SouthVines, K. Federal district judges and race relations cases in the SouthJewell, M.
State legislatures in southern politicsBlack, E. Southern governors and political change. The Dynamics of Southern Politics Causes and Consequences by Seth C. Mckee is a very thorough study of what makes the Southern United States different from the rest of the United States and how that difference effects political competition.
The book starts with several chapters on the history of political competition in the Southern United States/5(5). A central story of contemporary southern politics is the emergence of Republican majorities in the region's congressional delegation.
Acknowledging the significance and scope of the political change, James M. Glaser argues that, nevertheless, strands of continuity affect the practice of campaign politics in important ways.
Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for The Hand of the Past in Contemporary Southern Politics at Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users.5/5. "Glaser has succeeded in admirable capturing important parts of the mosaic of realignment in the South, and Race, Campaign Politics, and the Realignment in the South is a valuable addition to the literature of contemporary southern politics."—Dan T.
Carter, Journal of Southern History. A central story of contemporary southern politics is the emergence of Republican majorities in the regions congressional delegation. Acknowledging the significance and scope of the political change, James M.
Glaser argues that, nevertheless, strands of continuity affect the practice of campaign politics Contemporary southern politics book important ways. This epic list of 50 must-read books about American politics explores topics from a broad range of voices and perspectives, from feminism to fascism, parties to polling, and tribalism to globalism.
These 50 best books should help Contemporary southern politics book get up to speed with American politics. The ALL NEW Don't Think of an Elephant!:Author: Sarah S. Davis. Insomniac City: New York, Oliver, and Me by Bill Hayes. "Bill Hayes came to New York City in with a one-way ticket and only the vaguest idea of how he would get by.
But, at forty-eight years old, having spent decades in San Francisco, he craved change. Grieving over the death of his partner, he quickly discovered the profound. A Reading Guide for Those in Despair About American Politics Nearly three dozen book recommendations to help make sense of the state of U.S.
democracy, from academics, comedians, activists, and. At worst, poor southern whites are aligned with racism, bigotry, and right-wing extremism, and, at best, regarded as the passive victims of wider, socioeconomic policies.
In Poverty Politics: Poor Whites in Contemporary Southern Writing, author Sarah Robertson pushes beyond these stereotypes and explores the impact of neoliberalism and welfare Author: Sarah Robertson. To many observers, the veneer of contemporary Republicanism makes modern southern politics appear little different than the brand of conservatism that prevails across the mountain states, Southwest, Midwest and even large pockets of the presumably communist Pacific Northwest | -0.25022 | 0.231598 | 0.341499 | 0.298242 | [
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.
Writing Southern Politics is the most comprehensive review of the large body of post--World War II literature on southern politics.
Since the publication of V.O. Key Jr.'s landmark work, Southern Politics in State and Nation (), scholars have produced an astounding number of books, monographs, professional journal articles, and research Cited by: 3. Book > Textbooks > Southern Politics The Dynamics of Southern Politics discusses how this region remains exceptional while also addressing how that exceptionalism is eroding.
Author Seth McKee tells a historically rich story going back to the end of the Civil War, tracks electoral changes to the present, and explores some of the most.
First published inThe Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of Southern Africa provides a guide to the often confusing politics of Southern Africa. The book identifies and explains political figures, organisations, systems and terminology from the region in a clear and practical way.
It covers eleven countries: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South. Deep Roots shows that the entrenched political and racial views of contemporary white southerners are a direct consequence of the region's slaveholding history, which continues to shape economic.
Pat Conroy's Favorite Southern Novels Bestselling author Pat Conroy picks his favorite contemporary Southern novelists, from Ron Rash to his own wife. His new book. Writing Southern Politics is the most comprehensive review of the large body of post—World War II literature on southern politics.
Since the publication of V.O. Key Jr.'s landmark work, Southern Politics in State and Nation (), scholars have produced an astounding number of books, monographs, professional journal articles, and research. Writing Southern Politics is the most comprehensive review of the large body of post–World War II literature on southern politics.
Since the publication of V.O. Key Jr.'s landmark work, Southern Politics in State and Nation (), scholars have produced an astounding number of books, monographs, professional journal articles, and research Cited by: 3. The Modern Period The Future Prospects 5 Religion and Southern Politics Southern White Evangelicals The Carter Presidency Ronald Reagan, George H.
Bush, and the New Religious Right The Christian Coalition The Southern Baptist Controversy Compassionate Conservatism The Presidential Election The African American. It went through five editions, the last published posthumously inbut was not further revised by other authors after his death.
His Southern Politics in State and Nation () was a microscopic examination, state by state, of Southern politics using interviews and statistics.
The book is one of the most influential books on the town: Lamesa, Texas. Federalism and Contemporary Political Problems November 14 & 15, The conference will bring together scholars from the fields of political science, economics, and law, as well as policy practitioners, to discuss how contemporary politics are shaped by the relationship between the federal and state governments, and how that relationship.
Description. In Contemporary Southern Identity, Rebecca Bridges Watts explores the implications of four public controversies about southern identitydebates about the Confederate flag in South Carolina, the gender integration of the Virginia Military Institute, the display of public art in Richmond, and Trent Lott's controversial comments regarding Strom Thurmond's.
Join authors Maya Sen, Associate Professor of Public Policy, HKS, and Matt Blackwell, Assistant Professor of Government, Harvard, in discussion about their recent book, Deep Roots: How Slavery Still Shapes Southern Politics. Orlando Patterson, John Cowles Professor of Sociology, Harvard, will moderate.
Deep Roots: How Slavery Still Shapes Southern Politics. Studies of several historical and contemporary leaders - Lincoln, de Gaulle, Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi - illustrate the significance of moral capital for political legitimation, mobilizing support, and the creation of strategic opportunities.
In the book's final section, Kane applies his arguments to the American presidency from Kennedy to Clinton. He was previously Reader in European Politics at the University of Hull.
Among his publications are Politics of Southern Europe (), The Developing Place of Portugal in the European Union (), The New World Architecture () and Contemporary Spanish Politics (Second Edition, ). Deep Roots shows that the entrenched political and racial views of contemporary white southerners are a direct consequence of the region's | 0.031676 | 0.411556 | 0.858893 | 0.618211 | [
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slaveholding history, which continues to shape economic, political, and social spheres.
Today, southern whites who live in areas once reliant on slavery—compared to areas that were not—are more. Contemporary Spanish Politics. DOI link for Contemporary Spanish Politics. Contemporary Spanish Politics book. Contemporary Spanish Politics. The author gives fresh insight into the formal and informal workings of this dynamic southern European democracy.
Thoroughly examining Spain's historical background, political culture, core Cited by: Contemporary Spanish Politics gives fresh insight into the formal and informal workings of this dynamic southern European thoroughly discusses the history, politics, institutions, parties, economy and foreign policy of Spain at an introductory level ideal for an undergraduate by: Table of Contents.
State Terrorism in the Social Sciences: Theories, Methods and Concepts Ruth Blakeley 's Dread: Contemporary State Terrorism in the Sudan David Mickler Terrorism and the Military in Pakistan Eamon Murphy and Aazar Tamana 's Other Terrorism Challenge Sandra Nasr 5.'We have no orders to save you': State Terrorism, Politics.
In doing so, it provides a new foundation for the comparative study of Islam, politics, and religious change in the contemporary world.
While focusing primarily on Pakistan, Zaman takes a broad approach that considers the Taliban and the `ulama of Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, India, and the southern Philippines.
It was fortunate timing, because after working on the book for years, I now had some free time to get involved in contemporary politics. To the extent that there is a connection between these things, it might have to do with my sense of slaveholders as a nineteenth-century ruling class.
Book Description. Contemporary Consumer Culture Theory contains original research essays written by the premier thought leaders of the discipline from around the world that reflect the maturation of the field Customer Culture Theory over the last decade.
The volume seeks to help break down the silos that have arisen in disciplines seeking to understand consumer culture. Modern Politics The collections that make up Modern Politics at the Rose Library document the birth of the Sunbelt South, and the politicians, individuals and organizations who shaped and created the South's contemporary political landscape.
The apparent partisan stability of contemporary southern politics belies a complex and dynamic process that makes it doubtful one party can persist as the dominant force in the most diverse region of the United States This truly ain't your daddy's Dixie." This article appears in the Fall issue of Southern Cultures.
The full issue is. An introduction to African politics, this course will provide for its participants a general survey of the main issues regarding politics in the continent. Areas covered range from political system types, political economies, and political cultures of diverse.
Since support for the Republican Party is notoriously low among black voters, this means that the party's contemporary base consists of white, Southern voters. Before the s, Republicans didn. This family saga tells the story of three generations of a modern British family, brought together again during a time of crisis, all of whom have been burned by love and must figure out how to move forward.
Full of interesting, well-developed, flawed-but-likable characters. It's one of the top novels in the BBC's Big Read.
More info →. Prayer, Pop and Politics: Researching Religious Youth in Migration Society edited by Katharina Limacher, Astrid Mattes, and Christoph Novak, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht unipress, Vienna University Press,Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Soci pp., € (hb), ISBN (hb), ISBN All three components of the long southern strategy – racial resentment, Christian fundamentalism and patriarchy – were necessary for Republicans to build a solid red base in the old Confederacy.
Academics, journalists, politicians and voters need to know, and better understand, this history and its impact upon contemporary American politics. Madeline ffitch (Stay and Fight), Jeff Mann (LGBTQ Fiction and Poetry from Appalachia), and Valerie Nieman (To the Bones) discuss their fiction and what it means to write about contemporary Appalachia, from nuanced politics to difficult stereotypes.
Book. Search the world's most comprehensive index of full-text books.iTunes is the world's easiest way to organize and add to your digital media collection. We are unable to find iT | 0.213415 | 0.044925 | 0.564689 | 0.358074 | [
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Jeremy Gardiner and Chris Smishek had already beaten up another man before descending on Asher. The second victim recovered from his injuries. At the time of the incident, the teens were quoted as saying they had "thought he was a fag."
The sexual inclinations of the victims in these beatings is unimportant. What is far more important is the guilty minds of the assailants who both come from well-connected Saskatchewan families.
Gay bashing in Saskatoon has been and continues to be a frequent occurrence. When the phenomenon was being brought to light in Winnipeg and other Canadian and U.S. cities a decade or more ago, it was not raised here. The same media managers reported on Satanic abuse charges salaciously and slavishly gobbled up the juicy tidbits offered by the hysterical promoters of the false allegations. The accused, were after all not well-connected -- in fact, many were demonstrably low-class. When policemen were charged in the Martensville affair, the media took a bit more notice, although the events surrounding the most expensive criminal trial Saskatchewan has yet run were most certainly destructive to everyone concerned.
Anti-homosexual bigotry has been around Saskatoon as long as I can remember. When I first went to university to study English, Dr. Peter Millard was expected to succeed the current head of the department but was passed over because he was gay. After an acrimonious decade, during which those who had rallied to his defence and had been mollified by an arrangement of rotating heads, he finally got the position. He didn't want to talk about it. A cultured and gentleman, Dr. Millard passed away this winter.
I have heard so many personal testimonials from people who have been physically brutalized because they were gay that I have no difficulty stating that Saskatoon has a serious problem. Several of the incidents I have learned of were committed by police. So, alongside the First Nations people (15% of Saskatoon) we have the gay community which is dumbstruck and terrified, living in continual fear. I have tried very hard to get some of the victims to come forward, especially the ones who have sought redress and ended up doubly brutalized, but they are too scared.
The movie Norma Rae has a haunting theme song with the recurring lines: "And sometimes what's good gets a little bit better, and sometimes what's bad get's gone." I occasionally find myself humming that piece but when I come to the last line, I find myself changing it to "and sometimes what's bad gets worse." That about sums up the decline of this beautiful city over the last decade and a half -- from poem to ugly cliché.
Judy Asher was glad she wasn't home Thursday when the message from the National Parole Board arrived, telling her that the man who took her son's life less than four years ago is getting out of jail to work in Alberta.
"I'm just glad that he's not going to be here in the city," she said in an interview.
"You think that you've prepared yourself, and then well . . . all I guess I can say is that we are upset, but that's just natural. We knew that it was coming, but it's still just a shock."
Scott Asher was just 23 when Jeremy Gardiner and another middle-class teen, Chris Smishek, both 17 and drunk, descended on him with a red oak cricket bat in the Broadway area one night in early June 1998.
An hour before, they'd launched a similar random attack with the same paddle on another man in City Park. The other victim survived his head injuries. Asher went into a coma and died three days later.
The memories are still close to the surface for his family.
"You go through the same emotions every time," Judy Asher said. "Maybe other people think we should be hardened to it by now, but you aren't."
Charged with second-degree murder, Gardiner and Smishek both pleaded guilty to manslaughter in a plea bargain in 1999. Smishek was ordered to serve 3 1/2 years, and was paroled in 2000.
Gardiner, who delivered the fatal blow, got 4 | 0.657875 | 0.464379 | -0.34392 | 0.058916 | [
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Friday, Apr 29, 2016, 8:00 am
Community Override: When State Legislatures Preempt Democracy
By Thomas Linzey
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Hundreds gather in Chapel Hill, North Carolina to protest the state legislature's passing of House Bill 2. (newsobserver.com)
In March 2016, the North Carolina legislature exercised its broad preemption powers, overriding community lawmaking in the state by making it legal to discriminate against the LGBT community.
Specifically, the legislature passed a law, House Bill 2—which Governor Pat McCrory then signed—prohibiting communities from adopting stronger anti-discrimination laws than those in place at the state level. The legislature's actions came in response a number of cities in the state, including Charlotte, Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill, enacting anti-discrimination laws at the local level.
The new state law preempts—and thus overrides and nullifies—those protective local laws. This means that the state legislature deliberately and knowingly eliminated protections for the LGBT community in North Carolina.
The fallout has been significant. From Bruce Springsteen to Pearl Jam, to Ringo Starr to Cirque du Soleil, a slew of businesses and entertainers have canceled events and operations in North Carolina in response to the new law. As similar bills advance in other states, there is a heightened awareness of the power of state governments to preempt community lawmaking.
Despite the headlines, however, what's really unusual about the response to the North Carolina legislature's action is that it was noticed at all.
The power of state preemption
For well over a century, no legal principle has been worshipped more than that of state preemption—the authority of a state legislature to nullify the authority of people at the local level to adopt certain laws.
While most may believe that such a power—tremendous as it is—finds its authority within state constitutions, it doesn't exist there. Concocted purely by the courts over a hundred years ago, the power of preemption was ushered in the door by another, longstanding legal principle—that because municipal corporations (our cities, towns, and counties) are created by the state, their powers can be changed at the whim of the state that created them.
How state preemption is used
This may come as a surprise to many, but these doctrines—state preemption of local laws, and the state's unbridled authority to define the scope of community lawmaking authority—have been used extensively over the last century by those powerful enough to wield them.
Thus, agribusiness corporations have used state legislatures to adopt "right to farm" laws that protect factory farm operations and the planting of GMO crops from interference by local lawmaking. Oil and gas corporations have used legislatures to adopt laws that forbid communities from banning drilling and fracking. Water bottling corporations have used state lawmaking to prohibit communities from banning corporate water withdrawals.
And the list goes on. As with North Carolina's House Bill 2, state legislatures have also used state preemption to prohibit communities from increasing the minimum wage, creating municipal broadband systems, passing gun control measures, creating sanctuary cities for immigrants and refugees, and banning plastic bags, and establishing medical and parental leave laws. According to the group Grassroots Change, at least 29 state legislatures entertained preemption bills in 2015 alone.
While political commentators often recognize that the preemptive actions of state legislatures have a negative effect—foreclosing municipal authority in certain areas of law—most fail to acknowledge that preemptive laws also have a proactive effect. That is, such state laws forcibly mandate that communities accept activities and policies that the legislature has preempted the locality from acting on—such as fracking, water bottling operations, or lower minimum wages. In a sense, preemption laws actually legalize those activities and policies, much in the same way that the North Carolina legislature legalized discrimination against the LGBT community.
Communities rejecting state preemption
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] | 1,330,014 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 6 | 2 |
« WWII Mystery
Korean Ship Suspected To Be Carrying Military Contraband Leaves Port »
October 22nd NFL Dirty Bomb Threat
Adnan Al-Shukri Juma, Al Qaeda, Second Wave Attacks
The original warning appeared on a now–closed web-site, titled The F*cked Society, reports Rusty Shackleford.
On Sunday, October 22nd, 2006, there will be seven "dirty" explosive devices detonated in seven different U.S. cities; Miami, New York City, Atlanta, Seattle, Houston, Oakland and Cleveland. The death toll will approach 100,000 from the initial blasts and countless other fatalities will later occur as result from radioactive fallout.
The bombs themselves will be delivered via trucks. These trucks will pull up to stadiums hosting NFL games in each respective city. All stadiums to be targeted are open air arenas, excluding Atlanta's Georgia Dome, the only enclosed stadium to be hit. Due to the open air, the radiological fallout will destroy those not killed in the initial explosion. The explosions will be near simultaneous, with the cities specifically chosen in different time zones to allow for multiple attacks at the same time.
The 22nd of October will mark the final day of Ramadan as it would fall in Mecca. Al-Qaida will automatically be blamed for the attacks. Later, through Al-Jazeera Osama bin Laden will issue a video message claiming responsibility for what he dubs "America's Hiroshima".
In the aftermath civil wars will erupt across the world, both in the Middle East and within the United States. Global economies will screech to a halt. General chaos will rule.
AP reported the story, including expressions of skepticism from the authorities.
The warning, posted Oct. 12, was part of an ongoing Internet conversation titled "New Attack on America Be Afraid." It mentioned NFL stadiums in New York, Miami, Atlanta, Seattle, Houston, Oakland and Cleveland, where games are scheduled to be held this weekend.
The Homeland Security Department alerted authorities and stadium owners in those cities, as well as the NFL, of the Web message but said the threat was being viewed "with strong skepticism." Officials at the NCAA, which oversees college athletics, said they too had been notified.
Homeland Security spokesman Russ Knocke said there was no intelligence that indicated such an attack was imminent, and he said the alert was "out of an abundance of caution."
"The department strongly encourages the public to continue to go about their plans, including attending events that involve large public gatherings such as football games," Knocke said.
The FBI also expressed doubt about the threat.
"While the credibility of the threat is questionable, we have passed the information on because it has been carried in some open source reporting," said FBI spokesman Richard Kolko. He said the FBI was discussing the threat with the NFL as "part of our routine discussions this week."
The nation's alert level remains at yellow, signaling an elevated risk of an attack. The threat level for airline flights is at orange, a higher level, where it has been since a foiled plot to bomb U.S.-bound commercial jets was revealed on Aug. 10.
This one does not seem terribly credible, but a little heightened security would not be a bad idea.
UPDATE 10/20
FoxNews reports:
Federal authorities said Friday they have charged a 20-year-old Wisconsin grocery store clerk with making a hoax threat that said seven football stadiums across the nation would be targeted by terrorists with radiological"dirty bombs"this weekend.
Jake J. Brahm, of Wauwatosa, Wis., surrendered to the U.S. Marshal's Service in Milwaukee on Friday morning. He was charged in a sealed criminal complaint filed Thursday in Newark, U.S. Attorney Christopher Christie said…
Brahm was scheduled to make a court appearance later Friday in Milwaukee.
He was first taken into custody by police in Wauwatosa on Wednesday, based on information authorities received that Brahm was the source of the Internet threat to bomb football stadiums, federal authorities said.
FBI agents interviewed him that night, and the FBI said Thurs | -0.941906 | 0.752671 | -1.00144 | -0.111474 | [
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Serious Concerns Over Pacific Pink Salmon in Irish Waters
NASCO has raised concerns about the potential for spread and establishment of Pacific pink salmon in rivers throughout the North Atlantic region
Inland Fisheries Ireland issues an urgent appeal for anglers to remove and report any catches
Inland Fisheries Ireland (IFI), the state agency responsible for the conservation and protection of freshwater fish and habitats, is issuing an alert for reports of any sightings of Pacific pink salmon.
At the recently held North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organisation (NASCO) meeting, serious concerns were raised that pink salmon may spread to and establish in rivers throughout the wider Atlantic region. These concerns are raised after an explosive growth in their stocks was observed in northernmost Norwegian rivers in 2021.
In some rivers there, pink salmon now appear to outnumber co-existing native Atlantic salmon stocks despite having persisted at relatively low levels for many decades prior to this. Stocking programmes undertaken in rivers in the adjacent far northwest of Russia since the 1950s until 2001 are believed to be responsible for the initial spread of pink salmon to the region. Since 2017, the fish has been increasingly detected in unprecedented numbers in river systems and coastal areas of the North Atlantic, including Ireland, albeit at relatively low levels here to date.
Also known as humpback salmon, pink salmon are a migratory species of salmon, native to river systems in the northern Pacific Ocean and nearby regions of the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean. Although a single specimen was first recorded in Ireland in 1973, until 2017 individuals have been rarely encountered here. As pink salmon predominantly have a two-year lifecycle, there is potential for the species to reappear in Irish rivers again in 2023 and every second so called 'odd' year thereafter. However, they can also turn up in 'even' years and a single specimen was reported in the River Suir in 2018.
Members of NASCO, of which Ireland is an active participant under the auspices of the European Union, have now agreed to cooperate to better understand the threats posed to native Atlantic salmon stocks and consider appropriate mitigation measures to address this increasingly concerning issue.
Francis O'Donnell CEO of Inland Fisheries Ireland said: "We are appealing to anglers and the general public to remain vigilant and report the presence of any Pacific pink salmon encountered in Irish river systems. The threat of pink salmon means that our already critically endangered Atlantic salmon are on the verge of a very serious ecological crisis. The species is already under threat from declining water quality, loss of habitat, and the impacts of sea lice and salmon farm escapes on native stocks. We will have to consider robust mitigation measures that may prove costly and labour intensive."
Dr Cathal Gallagher, Head of Research and Development at Inland Fisheries Ireland said: "The sudden increase in pink salmon stocks in northern Norway seen in 2021 and increased reporting of this non-native species in Irish rivers in recent years is of particular concern to IFI. The presence of large numbers of pink salmon in Irish rivers could negatively impact some of our native species such as Atlantic salmon and sea trout as well as estuarine and coastal marine fish species and their associated ecosystems. Despite only very limited information being currently available to comprehensively assess such threats, climatic and environmental conditions in Ireland are considered amenable to facilitate the potential establishment of Pacific pink salmon populations in our river systems."
Inland Fisheries Ireland is appealing to anglers to report catches of pink salmon to Inland Fisheries Ireland's 24-hour confidential hotline number – 0818 34 74 24 or 0818 FISH 24. As these fish die after spawning, some dead specimens could also be encountered along Irish rivers. Anyone who catches a pink salmon is asked to:
Keep the fish and do not release it back into the water (even in rivers only open for catch and release angling)
Record the date & location of capture, and the length and weight of the fish
Report it to any IFI office or via the 24-hour confidential hotline number – 0818 34 74 24 or 0818 FISH | 0.409963 | 1.623811 | 1.003458 | 0.394493 | [
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La Belle Poule est, avec son sister-ship l'Étoile, une goélette à hunier, appelée aussi goélette paimpolaise. Elle a été construite en 1932 à Fécamp dans les chantiers navals Chantelot et Lemaistre en Seine-Maritime. C'est une réplique des goélettes de Paimpol qui pêchaient la morue au large de l'Islande, d'où également, l'appellation de "goélette islandaise".
Histoire
Avec l'Étoile, elle participa à la Seconde Guerre mondiale dans les Forces navales françaises libres et les 2 goélettes arborent légitimement le pavillon de beaupré à la croix de Lorraine des FNFL (d'autres bâtiments de la Marine Nationale arborent aussi ce pavillon de beaupré, mais seulement parce qu'ils reprennent le nom d'un bâtiment ayant appartenu aux FNFL).
Toujours en service, elle sert actuellement à l'entraînement des futurs chefs du quart passerelle de la Marine nationale et participe souvent aux rassemblements de gréements traditionnels, notamment à l'Armada de Rouen en 1989, 1994, 1999, 2003, 2013 et 2019. Un timbre a même été émis à l'occasion de sa participation à l'Armada du siècle en 1999.
En 2018 elle participa à la tall ship regatta en terminant second derrière l'arawak.
Bâtiments ayant porté le même nom
De plus, elle est l'héritière d'une tradition de frégates de la Marine royale puis Nationale dont le nom serait issu d'un bateau corsaire célèbre sous François , la Belle Paule.
La première fut une frégate de 26 canons, armée en 1765 à Bordeaux, et qui participa au premier combat de la guerre d'indépendance des États-Unis,
La deuxième portait 40 canons et fut construite à Nantes entre 1801 et 1802. Capturée en 1806 par les Anglais, elle fut débaptisée pour servir dans la Home Fleet.
La troisième a été lancée en 1834. Ce fut elle qui ramena les cendres de l'Empereur de Sainte-Hélène en 1840.
Caractéristiques
Indicatif visuel : A 650
Hauteur du grand mât :
Coque en bois de chêne doublée de cuivre pour les œuvres vives
Mâture en pin d'Oregon collé
Nombre de voiles : 12 (clin foc, grand foc, petit foc, trinquette, misaine, hunier, voile d'étai, grand-voile, flèche, auxquelles s'ajoutent fortune, voile de cape et foc ballon)
Vitesse maximale sous voiles : 11,5 nœuds par grand vent
Postérité littéraire
Honoré de Balzac cite la Belle Poule dans Le Bal de Sceaux (1830), Béatrix (1839), Ursule Mirouët (1842). Dans chaque roman, il fait référence au bâtiment d'une époque différente. Par exemple dans Béatrix, il évoque la seconde : Dans Ursule Mirouët, c'est sur la première que l'amiral de Kergarouët accomplit les exploits qui sont racontés à sa petite nièce :
Notes et références
Voir aussi
Bibliographie
L'Étoile et la Belle Poule, les goélettes de l'école navale, Jean-Yves Béquignon et André Rozen. Paru le 01/01/2000- Éditeur: Institut océanographique -
Articles connexes
Liste des navires de la marine nationale française
Les autres voiliers-école de la Marine :
La Grande Hermine
Étoile
Mutin
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The Supreme Court and Blairism
So now we have had the decision of the "Supreme Court" on Boris Johnson's proroguing of Parliament. In which, on very thin grounds, the Supreme Court has dismissed one of the key provisions in our Constitution.
This is Article 9 in the Bill of Rights which says as follows (the significant bits of which I have underlined):-
"Bill of Rights1688 CHAPTER 2 1 William and Mary Session 2:-
".....That the Freedome of Speech and Debates or Proceedings in Parlyament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any Court or Place out of Parlyament...."
To understand why the "Supreme Court" has ruled in this way it is necessary to consider its purpose.
The purpose behind the creation of both the Judicial Appointments Commission & Supreme Court was to entrench Blairism into the UK's Constitution.
The members of the Supreme Court are of course also appointed by the Judicial Appointments Commission which was specifically and openly set up by Tony Blair and his friend Lord Irvine, his Lord Chancellor, to, as Lord Irvine, put it to "ensure that nobody with Reactionary Views can be appointed or promoted" as a Judge.
In order to achieve this, the Judicial Appointments Commission has made it clear that, in order to get appointed or promoted as a Judge, you must "demonstrate a life time's commitment to Equality and Diversity". This of course means that every appointment is likely to be of a Left-wing, Multiculturalist, Internationalist, Europhile.
It was as part of this drive that the now Lord Justice Hickinbottom when he was the "Judicial Lead for Diversity" gleefully told the solicitors Law Society Gazette that he suggested "Creating a judicial career fast-track (to) help improve diversity on the bench"
Ever since 2004 the Judicial Appointments Commission has continued to appoint and to promote wherever possible only those who are multi-culturalist activists.
The effect of this can easily be seen if you look at the backgrounds of the eleven Supreme Court "Justices", as reported in The Slog, as follows:-
"Lady Brenda Hale (Chair) is a lifetime academic and former Law Professor who went straight into being a Judge with no history in commercial law at all. She is a feminist, a great believer in diversity, and a lifelong liberal. I would be amazed if she voted any other way than Remain.
Lord Robert Reed (Deputy) is a Scot who also sits on the EU's European Court of Human Rights. He was an expert advisor to the EU/Council of Europe Joint Initiative with Turkey. No prizes for guessing where Rabbie's sympathies lie.
Lord Brian Kerr is the former Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, and the first Catholic ever appointed to that post. In 2014, he had this to say in a lengthy interview:
"The Law has changed enormously since the enactment of the Human Rights Act. The central point about the Act is that it has given judges free access to the rich vein of jurisprudence that is provided by the Strasbourg Court…..we now have the ability to draw on jurisprudence from all over the Council of Europe on matters that critically affect the balance of power between the citizen and the state and I think that that can only be a good thing."
Lord Nicholas Wilson is left of centre and on the record as saying, ""In pursuit of its economic policy, the UK government has recently felt the need to dismantle much of our welfare state, namely social security and the National Health Service." He is a passionate supporter of the ECHR in Strasbourg. The activist site Divorce & the City is currently preparing to impeach Lord Wilson for alleged corruption and 'pro State' bias. He is, reputedly, not a fan of Boris Johnson or Brexit.
Lord Robert Carnwath is an unknown quantity who appears never to have expressed an opinion about anything, except he sits on the advisory council of the English School in Poland.
Lord Patrick Hodge is another Scot. He was a civil servant in the 1970s, and then Counsel to the Department of Energy from 1989 to 1991, and to the Inland Revenue from 1991 to 1996. Ergo, | 0.111717 | 0.527947 | -0.25959 | 0.880949 | [
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chummy with the unelected State, 99.99% of whom are anti-Brexit. I'd imagine he's also a wow at parties.
Lady Jill Black is unique in the Supreme Court in not having been to Oxbridge. You can see from this just how inclusive the Court is, and thus totally in touch with the average person.
Lord David Lloyd-Jones is another scholar who wound up a judge. He was a Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge from 1975 to 1991. From 1999 to 2005, he was a visiting professor at City University, London, and was then put onto The Bench. He has always specialised in international and EU law. Only two months ago, in a Supreme Court hearing involving Kuoni Travel, Lloyd-Jones ruled that EU Law had primacy in the case. He gave the judgement in Welsh, which was a first. Highly unlikely to have voted to leave a Union in whose law he specialises, one could reasonably argue.
Lady Mary Arden became a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague in 2011, and sits as a judge of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg blah blah yawn etc. In 2015 she published a book about the impact of the EU and the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg on the domestic law of the UK. In his preface to the book, the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales noted:
Not a Leaver then, we suspect. This is all getting terribly predictable, isn't it?
Lord David Kitchin coxed the team that won the 1975 Boat Race for Cambridge. More pertinently, he has for many years been a strong advocate of more harmonisation of the Law between EU jurisdictions. In May this year, he gave an interview offering the following opinion in relation to patent law, in which he is a specialist:
"The situation is improving and that is because there is now much more discussion and communication between judges in different countries. Judges now meet regularly to discuss these and other difficult issues. We consider each other's judgments; all of us attach importance to the decisions of the Technical Boards of Appeal and the Enlarged Boards of Appeal at the European Patent Convention….there might not be jurisdiction to make references to the EU Court of Justice in these cases, or any cases after Brexit."
And so this would be a bad thing, wouldn't i? Get real: Lord Kitchin is a Good European who lectures about legal alignment in the EU.
Lord Philip Sales really is a case of leaving the best until last. Sales has had something of a meteoric rise: he is the youngest of the Supreme Court judges, and was a practising barrister at 11 King's Bench Walk – according to The Guardian 'a network of old boys and cronies' that enabled him to be appointed First Counsel at the Treasury…a department of State with a long and grubby history of undying support for the EU. The recommendation that he be appointed came from Lord Irvine and Tony Blair's old chambers.
Philip Sales is New Labour through and through. In 2016, he was a member of the Court of Appeal which ruled that 130,000 Labour members who joined the party after 12 January 2016 would not be able to vote in the leadership contest. This overruled the previous High Court decision to allow the 130,000 disenfranchised Labour Party members to vote in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election. In short, it was a bid by the Blairites to keep Corbyn out.
Finally, he was one of the three judges forming the High Court in proceedings concerning the use of the royal prerogative for the issue of notification in accordance with Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union. His role in this judgment meant that he appeared in an infamous front-cover of the Daily Mail – Enemies of the People – as a solid-gold Remainer."
(The original of this useful article can be found here >>> https://hat4uk.wordpress.com/2019/09/25/exclusive-why-this-supreme-court-was-never-going-to-find-bojos-pr | 0.190815 | 0.758938 | -0.392425 | 0.602603 | [
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Marie-Jacqueline Chantal née en décembre 1885 et morte à une date indéterminée après 1944, est une chanteuse lyrique et une actrice française.
Biographie
Après avoir réussi le concours d'entrée au Conservatoire de Paris, Jacqueline Chantal entre en 1905 dans la classe de chant de Rose Caron où elle obtient un premier accessit l'année suivante, puis dans la classe d'opéra de Jacques Isnardon où elle obtient un second prix en .
Par la suite, Jacqueline Chantal va entamer une carrière assez discrète de chanteuse lyrique soprano, notamment à l'Opéra-Comique, jusqu'au début des années 1930. Elle obtient en 1931 son tout premier rôle au cinéma dans Mistigri, un film d'Harry Lachman avec Noël-Noël et Madeleine Renaud dans les rôles principaux. Elle apparaîtra ensuite dans une quarantaine de longs-métrages jusqu'en , date de sortie de son dernier film, Le Voyageur sans bagage de Jean Anouilh.
C'est à partir de cette année-là que l'on perd définitivement sa trace. Elle avait alors 58 ans.
Filmographie
1931 : Mistigri de Noël-Noël
1932 : La Femme nue de Jean-Paul Paulin
1933 : Quatorze Juillet de René Clair
1933 : Vacances conjugales de Edmond T. Gréville : la dame au collier volé
1933 : Ciboulette de Claude Autant-Lara : une invitée chez Olivier Métra
1933 : Madame Bovary de Jean Renoir
1934 : Cessez le feu de Jacques de Baroncelli
1934 : L'Aventurier de Marcel L'Herbier : une invitée
1934 : Le Bonheur de Marcel L'Herbier : une dame au tribunal
1935 : Bout de chou de Henry Wulschleger
1935 : Justin de Marseille de Maurice Tourneur
1935 : Le Roi des Champs-Elysées de Max Nosseck : la mariée
1935 : Dédé de René Guissart : une vendeuse
1935 : Divine de Max Ophüls
1935 : Amants et voleurs de Raymond Bernard
1935 : Les Sœurs Hortensias de René Guissart
1936 : Les Hommes nouveaux de Marcel L'Herbier : l'infirmière
1936 : Samson de Maurice Tourneur : Lady Huxley
1936 : L'Appel du silence de Léon Poirier
1937 : Vous n'avez rien à déclarer ? de Léo Joannon : la femme de ménage
1937 : L'Habit vert de Roger Richebé : la voyageuse du train
1937 : Forfaiture de Marcel L'Herbier : une dame à l'audience
1937 : Gribouille de Marc Allégret
1938 : Clodoche de Raymond Lamy
1938 : Accord final de Ignacy Rosenkranz : la concierge
1938 : Katia de Maurice Tourneur : une surveillante
1938 : Les Nouveaux Riches de André Berthomieu
1938 : Nuits de princes de Vladimir Strizhevsky
1938 : La Rue sans joie de André Hugon
1938 : L'Accroche-cœur de Pierre Caron
1938 : Belle Étoile de Jacques de Baroncelli : une visionnaire
1938 : Le Dompteur de Pierre Colombier
1939 : Le Bois sacré de Léon Mathot
1939 : Sur le plancher des vaches de Pierre-Jean Ducis : une employée
1943 : | -0.042029 | -0.376545 | -1.450355 | -0.572079 | [
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Q: Is there a way to run Python on Android? We are working on an S60 version and this platform has a nice Python API..
However, there is nothing official about Python on Android, but since Jython exists, is there a way to let the snake and the robot work together??
A: Pygame Subset for Android
Pygame is a 2D game engine for Python (on desktop) that is popular with new programmers. The Pygame Subset for Android describes itself as...
...a port of a subset of Pygame functionality to the Android platform. The goal of the project is to allow the creation of Android-specific games, and to ease the porting of games from PC-like platforms to Android.
The examples include a complete game packaged as an APK, which is pretty interesting.
A: As a Python lover and Android programmer, I'm sad to say this is not a good way to go. There are two problems:
One problem is that there is a lot more than just a programming language to the Android development tools. A lot of the Android graphics involve XML files to configure the display, similar to HTML. The built-in java objects are integrated with this XML layout, and it's a lot easier than writing your code to go from logic to bitmap.
The other problem is that the G1 (and probably other Android devices for the near future) are not that fast. 200 MHz processors and RAM is very limited. Even in Java, you have to do a decent amount of rewriting-to-avoid-more-object-creation if you want to make your app perfectly smooth. Python is going to be too slow for a while still on mobile devices.
A: One more option seems to be pyqtdeploy which citing the docs is:
a tool that, in conjunction with other tools provided with Qt, enables
the deployment of PyQt4 and PyQt5 applications written with Python
v2.7 or Python v3.3 or later. It supports deployment to desktop
platforms (Linux, Windows and OS X) and to mobile platforms (iOS and
Android).
According to Deploying PyQt5 application to Android via pyqtdeploy and Qt5 it is actively developed, although it is difficult to find examples of working Android apps or tutorial on how to cross-compile all the required libraries to Android. It is an interesting project to keep in mind though!
A: Cross-Compilation & Ignifuga
My blog has instructions and a patch for cross compiling Python 2.7.2 for Android.
I've also open sourced Ignifuga, my 2D Game Engine. It's Python/SDL based, and it cross compiles for Android. Even if you don't use it for games, you might get useful ideas from the code or builder utility (named Schafer, after Tim... you know who).
A: Scripting Layer for Android
SL4A does what you want. You can easily install it directly onto your device from their site, and do not need root.
It supports a range of languages. Python is the most mature. By default, it uses Python 2.6, but there is a 3.2 port you can use instead. I have used that port for all kinds of things on a Galaxy S2 and it worked fine.
API
SL4A provides a port of their android library for each supported language. The library provides an interface to the underlying Android API through a single Android object.
from android import Android
droid = Android()
droid.ttsSpeak('hello world') # example using the text to speech facade
Each language has pretty much the same API. You can even use the JavaScript API inside webviews.
let droid = new Android();
droid.ttsSpeak("hello from js");
User Interfaces
For user interfaces, you have three options:
*
*You can easily use the generic, native dialogues and menus through the
API. This is good for confirmation dialogues and other basic user inputs.
*You can also open a webview from inside a Python script, then use HTML5
for the user interface. When you use webviews from Python, you can pass
messages back and forth, between the webview and the Python process that
spawned it. The UI will not be native, but it is still a good option to
have.
*There is some support for native Android user interfaces, but I am not
sure how well it works; I just haven't ever used it.
You can mix options, so you can have | -0.176942 | 0.490343 | 0.937516 | 0.134356 | [
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a webview for the main interface, and still use native dialogues.
QPython
There is a third party project named QPython. It builds on SL4A, and throws in some other useful stuff.
QPython gives you a nicer UI to manage your installation, and includes a little, touchscreen code editor, a Python shell, and a PIP shell for package management. They also have a Python 3 port. Both versions are available from the Play Store, free of charge. QPython also bundles libraries from a bunch of Python on Android projects, including Kivy, so it is not just SL4A.
Note that QPython still develop their fork of SL4A (though, not much to be honest). The main SL4A project itself is pretty much dead.
Useful Links
*
*SL4A Project (now on GitHub): https://github.com/damonkohler/sl4a
*SL4A Python 3 Port: https://code.google.com/p/python-for-android/wiki/Python3
*QPython Project: http://qpython.com
*Learn SL4A (Tutorialspoint): https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sl4a/index.htm
A: Termux
You can use the Termux app, which provides a POSIX environment for Android, to install Python.
Note that apt install python will install Python3 on Termux. For Python2, you need to use apt install python2.
*
*Some demos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqqsl72mASE
*The GitHub project: https://github.com/termux
A: Kivy
I wanted to add to what @JohnMudd has written about Kivy. It has been years since the situation he described, and Kivy has evolved substantially.
The biggest selling point of Kivy, in my opinion, is its cross-platform compatibility. You can code and test everything using any desktop environment (Windows/*nix etc.), then package your app for a range of different platforms, including Android, iOS, MacOS and Windows (though apps often lack the native look and feel).
With Kivy's own KV language, you can code and build the GUI interface easily (it's just like Java XML, but rather than TextView etc., KV has its own ui.widgets for a similar translation), which is in my opinion quite easy to adopt.
Currently Buildozer and python-for-android are the most recommended tools to build and package your apps. I have tried them both and can firmly say that they make building Android apps with Python a breeze. Their guides are well documented too.
iOS is another big selling point of Kivy. You can use the same code base with few changes required via kivy-ios Homebrew tools, although Xcode is required for the build, before running on their devices (AFAIK the iOS Simulator in Xcode currently doesn't work for the x86-architecture build). There are also some dependency issues which must be manually compiled and fiddled around with in Xcode to have a successful build, but they wouldn't be too difficult to resolve and people in Kivy Google Group are really helpful too.
With all that being said, users with good Python knowledge should have no problem picking up the basics quickly.
If you are using Kivy for more serious projects, you may find existing modules unsatisfactory. There are some workable solutions though. With the (work in progress) pyjnius for Android, and pyobjus, users can now access Java/Objective-C classes to control some of the native APIs.
A: Check out enaml-native which takes the react-native concept and applies it to python.
It lets users build apps with native Android widgets and provides APIs to use android and java libraries from python.
It also integrates with android-studio and shares a few of react's nice dev features like code reloading and remote debugging.
A: Using SL4A (which has already been mentioned by itself in other answers) you can run a full-blown web2py instance (other python web frameworks are likely candidates as well). SL4A doesn't allow you to do native UI components (buttons, scroll bars, and the like), but it does support WebViews. A WebView is basically nothing more than a striped down web browser pointed at a fixed address. I believe the native Gmail app uses a WebView instead of going the regular widget route.
This route would have some interesting features:
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] | 1,330,027 | 1,024 | StackExchange | -1 | -1 |
*
*In the case of most python web frameworks, you could actually develop and test without using an android device or android emulator.
*Whatever Python code you end up writing for the phone could also be put on a public webserver with very little (if any) modification.
*You could take advantage of all of the crazy web stuff out there: query, HTML5, CSS3, etc.
A: Not at the moment and you would be lucky to get Jython to work soon. If you're planning to start your development now you would be better off with just sticking to Java for now on.
A: QPython
I use the QPython app. It's free and includes a code editor, an interactive interpreter and a package manager, allowing you to create and execute Python programs directly on your device.
A: Here are some tools listed in official python website
There is an app called QPython3 in playstore which can be used for both editing and running python script.
Playstore link
Another app called Termux in which you can install python using command
pkg install python
Playstore Link
If you want develop apps , there is Python Android Scripting Layer (SL4A) .
The Scripting Layer for Android, SL4A, is an open source application that allows programs written in a range of interpreted languages to run on Android. It also provides a high level API that allows these programs to interact with the Android device, making it easy to do stuff like accessing sensor data, sending an SMS, rendering user interfaces and so on.
You can also check PySide for Android, which is actually Python bindings for the Qt 4.
There's a platform called PyMob where apps can be written purely in Python and the compiler tool-flow (PyMob) converts them in native source codes for various platforms.
Also check python-for-android
python-for-android is an open source build tool to let you package Python code into standalone android APKs. These can be passed around, installed, or uploaded to marketplaces such as the Play Store just like any other Android app. This tool was originally developed for the Kivy cross-platform graphical framework, but now supports multiple bootstraps and can be easily extended to package other types of Python apps for Android.
Try Chaquopy
A Python SDK for Android
Anddd... BeeWare
BeeWare allows you to write your app in Python and release it on multiple platforms. No need to rewrite the app in multiple programming languages. It means no issues with build tools, environments, compatibility, etc.
A: There is also the new Android Scripting Environment (ASE/SL4A) project. It looks awesome, and it has some integration with native Android components.
Note: no longer under "active development", but some forks may be.
A: From the Python for android site:
Python for android is a project to create your own Python distribution including the modules you want, and create an apk including python, libs, and your application.
A: Chaquopy
Chaquopy is a plugin for Android Studio's Gradle-based build system. It focuses on close integration with the standard Android development tools.
*
*It provides complete APIs to call Java from Python or Python from Java, allowing the developer to use whichever language is best for each component of their app.
*It can automatically download PyPI packages and build them into an app, including selected native packages such as NumPy.
*It enables full access to all Android APIs from Python, including the native user interface toolkit (example pure-Python activity).
This used to be a commercial product, but it's now free and open-source.
(I am the creator of this product.)
A: Yes! : Android Scripting Environment
An example via Matt Cutts via SL4A -- "here's a barcode scanner written in six lines of Python code:
import android
droid = android.Android()
code = droid.scanBarcode()
isbn = int(code['result']['SCAN_RESULT'])
url = "http://books.google.com?q=%d" % isbn
droid.startActivity('android.intent.action.VIEW', url)
A: Yet another attempt: https://code.google.com/p/android-python27/
This one embed directly the Python interpretter in your app apk.
A: You can run your Python code using sl4a. sl4a supports Python, Perl, JRuby | -0.660438 | 0.226226 | 0.427732 | -0.23764 | [
-0.9008159308206988,
-0.4200598552421338
] | [
0.12863644400541305,
0.32381495936817234
] | [
0.455630197662526,
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Alibaba (BABA:NASDAQ) shares plummet on weak growth forecast
November 21, 2021 November 21, 2021 globalstocksnews
Shares of Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. (BABA:NASDAQ) plummeted by 11.13% after the retail behemoth released disappointing earnings results and slashed its growth expectations for this fiscal year. Alibaba's income for the quarter fell by 87% on an annualized basis. In the July-September quarter, net income attributable to shareholders was 5.37 billion yuan, or $833 million as of Sept. 30, down from 28.77 billion yuan ($4.46bn) in the same period last year.
The company's earnings fell by 27% year-over-year to $34.84 bn in the September quarter. The Asian e-commerce giant also issued weak guidance for the next quarter. Alibaba said it expects its fiscal 2022 revenue to increase by 20% to 23%, down from its forecast of about 30% in May.
In its earnings call on Thursday, Chief Executive Daniel Zhang said profits fell for the recent quarter, hurt by losses arising from changes in prices for investments in publicly traded companies, as well as higher investments in what it considers key strategic areas.
To ward off competitors, the corporation has increased investment in expanding its e-commerce platforms in sectors such as inexpensive items and live streaming. Alibaba announced in May that it will reinvest any additional revenues towards growing its company, attracting new customers, and assisting merchants on its platforms.
Alibaba also blamed the bleak forecast on a downturn in consumer spending in the world's second-largest economy and a plethora of e-commerce competitors, as Chinese consumers spend less in an increasingly competitive e-commerce sector. In August, retail sales, a crucial indicator of Chinese consumption, increased 2.5 percent, the slowest rate of growth in a year. They did, however, post better growth of 4.9 percent in October, above experts' estimates.
"We feel these two explanations are the things we should examine," Zhang said. The meaning of e-commerce is changing all the time. Anyone may try something in e-commerce as long as they have some traffic." Alibaba will continue to invest in sectors that drive development, such as domestic consumption, foreign business, and cloud computing, according to Mr. Zhang.
As rivals like ByteDance Ltd.'s short-video platform Douyin and discount-shopping app Pinduoduo Inc. (PDD:NASDAQ) have made gains with Chinese customers, Alibaba has confronted an increasingly congested e-commerce scene in China. While Alibaba's flagship Taobao and Tmall shopping sites have long been the go-to destinations for customers, rivals have gained traction by offering novel and engaging ways to shop, such as through gaming, videos, and text messaging.
Despite the Chief Executive's best efforts to blame the firm's bad financial performance on sluggish consumer spending and rising competition, it appears that the corporation is skirting around the core reason of its dismal top and bottom lines. Alibaba has been subjected to a ruthless onslaught by Beijing after its founder, Jack Ma, publicly chastised Chinese officials. The choice to exclude the impact of China's crackdown on the company's financial performance suggests that it is still reeling from Beijing's tightening grasp.
Alibaba was fined a record $2.8 billion in April after Beijing's top market regulator decided it had misused its dominating market position during an antitrust inquiry. The government has set new standards for tech platforms to follow when it comes to anti-competitive business activities including deceiving customers or blocking rivals' links.
Blomberg intelligence reports that Alibaba has lost $344bn in the last year. Despite a 30% recovery in the last month, the stock is still about 40% lower than its October 2020 peak. However, despite the gloomy forecast, Wall Street still holds a positive outlook on the stock. According to data released by CN | -0.29268 | 0.185937 | -0.72499 | -0.035384 | [
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Federal Grand Jury Indicts Michael Avenatti on 36 Counts, Which Includes 34 New Charges
Posted by Mary Chastain Thursday, April 11, 2019 at 12:00pm | 4/11/2019 - 12:00pm
The new indictment alleges he stole millions from a mentally ill, physically disabled client.
A federal grand jury in Los Angeles indicted celebrity lawyer Michael Avenatti with 36 counts that include "fraud, perjury, failure to pay taxes, embezzlement and other financial crimes."
The DOJ wrote in its press release that Avenatti faces 10 counts of wire fraud, 19 tax-related charges, two counts of bank fraud, and four bankruptcy fraud charges, and embezzlement charges.
**This is a breaking story. I will add more information once officials release the indictment and speak to the press….
Avenatti already faces in California. In March, the Department of Justice charged Avenatti with federal bank fraud and wire fraud charges.
The new indictment has 36 charges, which means Avenatti faces 34 new charges. The DOJ provided a summary of these charges:
The criminal charges in the indictment address four areas of wrongdoing: the embezzlement of millions of dollars that should have been paid to clients, the failure to file income tax returns and failure to pay the IRS millions of dollars in taxes, the submission of fraudulent loan applications that included tax returns never filed with the IRS, and the concealment of assets from the Bankruptcy Court.
"These four areas of criminal conduct alleged in the indictment are all linked to one another because money generated from one set of crimes appears in other sets – typically in the form of payments to lull victims and to prevent Mr. Avenatti's financial house of cards from collapsing," said United States Attorney Nick Hanna.
"The financial investigation conducted by the IRS details a man who allegedly failed to meet his obligations to the government, stole from his clients, and used his ill-gotten gains to support his racing team, the ownership of Tully's coffee shops, and a private jet," said Acting Special Agent in Charge Ryan L. Korner with IRS Criminal Investigation in Los Angeles. "Individuals who intentionally thwart the IRS and fail to meet their tax obligations will be caught and they will be held accountable"
The most heartbreaking account comes from Client 1, who is mentally ill and "became a paraplegic as a result of the [Los Angeles] county violating his constitutional rights." The DOJ wrote that LA county gave the man a $4 million settlement in January 2015, but Avenatti kept it from him to use "portions of the settlement to finance his coffee business or pay personal expenses." They allege "Avenatti concealed the receipt of the settlement from Client 1 and instead gave him periodic 'advances' of no more than $1,900 and paid the rent for his assisted living facility, according to the indictment."
If convicted, Avenatti faces "333 years in federal court plus an additional two-year mandatory consecutive sentence for the aggravated identity theft charge." Officials scheduled his arraignment on April 29.
Previous Reporting
From The Los Angeles Times:
Avenatti stole millions of dollars from five clients and used a tangled web of shell companies and bank accounts to cover up the theft, the Santa Ana grand jury alleged in an indictment that prosecutors will make public Thursday.
One of the clients, Geoffrey Ernest Johnson, was a mentally ill paraplegic on disability who won a $4-million settlement of a suit against Los Angeles County. The money was wired to Avenatti in January 2015, but he hid it from Johnson for years, according to the indictment.
In 2017, Avenatti received $2.75 million in proceeds from another client's legal settlement, but concealed that too, the indictment says. The next day, he put $2.5 million of that money into the purchase of a private jet for Passport 420, LLC, a company he effectively owned, according to prosecutors.
At the time, Avenatti and his businesses owed millions of dollars in back taxes, the government claimed, and his | -0.161191 | 1.014998 | -0.584466 | 0.133055 | [
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] | 1,330,029 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 11 | 19 |
Newport Beach law firm, Eagan Avenatti, was weeks from bankruptcy.
Yes, the indictment alleges that Avenatti stole money from a mentally ill, physically disabled person.
It looks like the new charges give more power to the way Nick Hanna, U.S. Attorney for the Central District of California, described Avenatti at a press conference in March. He called Avenatti "a corrupt lawyer who instead fights for his own selfish interests by misappropriating close to a million dollars that rightfully belonged to one of his clients."
Avenatti spoke to CNBC:
Reached for comment, Avenatti told CNBC in a text message, "For 20 years I have represented Davids vs. Goliaths and relied on due process and our system of justice."
"Along the way, I have made many powerful enemies. I am entitled to a FULL presumption of innocence and am confident that justice will be done once ALL of the facts are known," Avenatti added.
In a tweet, Avenatti said, "I intend to fully fight all charges and plead NOT GUILTY. I look forward to the entire truth being known as opposed to a one-sided version meant to sideline me."
Avenatti is out on $300,000 bail. He also faces charges in the Southern District of New York. Prosecutors allege Avenatti attempted "to extract more than $20M in payments from a publicly traded company by threatening to use his ability to garner publicity to inflict substantial financial & reputational harm on the company if his demands were not met."
The charges include conspiracy to transmit interstate communications with intent to extort, conspiracy to commit extortion, and extortion.
The federal prosecutors wrote in documents that Avenatti and a client claimed "they had evidence that Nike had funneled money to recruits in exchange for their commitments to college teams sponsored by Nike and that they would release them in order to damage Nike's reputation and market capitalization unless Nike paid them between $15 and $25 million." The document stated the alleged crime took place in March.
60 60 Comments California, DOJ, Los Angeles, Michael Avenatti
RT @authorclaire1: Schadenfreude: https://t.co/UM9xsGdc9M
@Stephanie P McKean
Schadenfreude: https://t.co/UM9xsGdc9M
@Claire O'Sullivan
RT @jpr9954: Federal Grand Jury Indicts Michael Avenatti on 36 Counts, Which Includes 34 New Charges https://t.co/mER8mLnSHZ
@Jana Shellman
Federal Grand Jury Indicts Michael Avenatti on 36 Counts, Which Includes 34 New Charges https://t.co/mER8mLnSHZ
RT @mchastain81: Federal Grand Jury Indicts Michael Avenatti on 36 Counts, Which Includes 34 New Charges https://t.co/kV8asu1Vvd
Federal Grand Jury Indicts Michael Avenatti on 36 Counts, Which Includes 34 New Charges https://t.co/kV8asu1Vvd
RT @TheNewsGuy: #MichaelAvenatti - new charges with 36 counts including "fraud, perjury, failure to pay taxes, embezzlement and other finan…
@Lara White
#MichaelAvenatti - new charges with 36 counts including "fraud, perjury, failure to pay taxes, embezzlement and oth… https://t.co/zwkBCMR7KQ
@Dennis Robbins
Seems this sleazeball is a bigger sleazeball than we thought #CreepyPornLawyer https://t.co/23T8eGVNow
@Greg"Smirk This" F. 😏😏😏Learn to code!!
Federal Grand Jury Indicts Michael Avenatti on 36 Counts, Which Includes 34 New Charges https://t.co/kV8asujwTN
Stan25 | April 11, 2019 at 12:36 pm
Where are the prosecutions of Jessie Jackson | -0.982847 | -0.585824 | -1.747095 | -0.993338 | [
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and Al Sharpton on these same charges? Now don't get me wrong here, this guy is going to get what he deserves, but will he serve any hard time? It is very doubtful.
snopercod | April 11, 2019 at 5:24 pm
And where is the prosecution of Hillary (and others). This is just a distraction.
JusticeDelivered | April 12, 2019 at 11:06 am
maybe Avenatti and Hillary should be placed in the same cell?
OleDirtyBarrister | April 12, 2019 at 3:15 pm
Placing Cohen and Avenatti in the same cell would be the ticket. And maybe put them next door to cellmates Manafort and Greg Craig. Then, on the other side of Avenatti and Cohen you have John Brennan and Jim Comey, and Jim Clapper and Stzock immediately across the deck.
Terence G. Gain | April 12, 2019 at 7:32 am
He will die in prison.
Same Same | April 11, 2019 at 12:40 pm
"Sleaze." "Democrats." These I'm used to seeing together. "Indicted" is a nice addition.
NotCoach | April 11, 2019 at 12:55 pm
Just the one issue with the paraplegic is enough to make me think he deserves nothing but the best treatment from the feds.
Conservative Beaner | April 11, 2019 at 7:51 pm
And even better treatment from any potential cellmate.
NGAREADER | April 11, 2019 at 12:56 pm
How's a guy supposed to buy fuel for that jet?
What a sleeze.
One must steal big to pay for TWO jets and pay to operate both. In addition to the house rental at $100,000 per month, the exotic cars, the spending sprees, failed business ventures, a racing hobby, the wife, and a mistress.
MajorWood | April 12, 2019 at 5:56 pm
I am starting to wonder if the recent picture of the black hole is just an image of the spot where Avenatti's soul was supposed to be located.
redc1c4 | April 11, 2019 at 1:01 pm
ain't this 'bout a DAMN shame?
guyjones | April 11, 2019 at 1:05 pm
Put mendacious, avaricious and narcissistic Avenatti up there with Jussie Smollett in the Sociopath Hall of Fame. These reprobates have no conscience.
alaskabob | April 11, 2019 at 1:24 pm
Just looking at him makes me want to hose down with Lysol. He gives slime a bad name.
Unfortunately, there will be nothing left for the clients that really needed their awards. No "Club Fed" for him… he needs the "big house" life style for many many years… if he is (snicker) guilty.
Gremlin1974 | April 11, 2019 at 1:18 pm
What you mean Creepy Porn Lawyer is also evil…..noooooo, say it ain't so.
OldProf2 | April 11, 2019 at 1:24 pm
"If you want to make crime pay, go to Law School."
(Whitey Bulger, RIP)
A similar and memorable line was proffered by novelist Mario Puzo, in "The Godfather." In the novel, Puzo is describing Don Corleone's rationale for encouraging his adopted son, Tom Hagan, to become a lawyer:
"A lawyer with his briefcase can steal more money than a hundred men with guns."
jakee308 | April 11, 2019 at 1:36 pm
He's like the poster boy for bad lawyer jokes.
He actually makes some lawyers look good.
Has anyone filed a complaint with the California Bar Association? Not a good look if no one has. | -1.826717 | -1.688852 | -2.542207 | -1.715218 | [
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Misappropriation of money from clients: it happens.
Stealing from disabled clients and then hiding it for years?
Yeah he needs to lose his license NOW.
Firewatch | April 11, 2019 at 1:48 pm
and both of his thumbs
Isn't it a shame how 99% of the lawyers give the whole profession a bad name?
Misappropriating money from clients is not a mistake. It is theft.
Vicky060 | April 11, 2019 at 1:43 pm
I wonder if this will effect presidential run?
G. de La Hoya | April 11, 2019 at 7:17 pm
Do you think he and Stormy, you know 😉 Made for TV movie in the works perhaps. I don't think Libby sick weirdo Stephen King could write a story this well 🙂
ghost dog | April 11, 2019 at 1:43 pm
100% Guarantee he cuts a deal to avoid spending the rest of his life in prison.
But what deal? What can he offer that the prosecutors want? At this point he would have to cross some pretty powerful people in order to get off, and that might not be a safe move. Of course, up until recently he has seen himself as bulletproof, so maybe he still thinks that there are enemies out there to be made w/o consequences. As I have said before, my training would have me placing him in the high risk for self harm category. His "moment of clarity" will happen in very murky waters.
Didn't say get off. He will take 20 years or so and not risk a trial. He has nothing to offer. With 20 he could be out in 9 to 11 years with accumulated "good time". He's facing the probability if convicted on both coasts of consecutive and not concurrent sentences. He's beyond screwed.
Stan25 | April 11, 2019 at 3:00 pm
Narcing out highly placed people could earn him a place along side of Seth Rich and a few others who did just that. Come to think of it, it couldn't happen to a nicer guy.
It is probably that he will cut a deal and plea to charges. But he will still have to do some substantial time if a plurality of the charges in CA can withstand a motion to dismiss and appeal thereon.
It is probable that he will cut a deal and plea to charges. But he will still have to do some substantial time if a plurality of the charges in CA can withstand a motion to dismiss and appeal thereon.
bw222 | April 11, 2019 at 1:54 pm
CNN's Brian "The Missing Link" Stelter once declared that Avenatti would make an excellent presidential candidate – back in the days when CNN and MSNBC had him on over 100 times in 90 days.
I am still trying to figure out what dumbass at CNN decided that the ugly, chubby, balding Stetler would be a good talking head for a news network.
George Costanza, perhaps? 🙂
stevewhitemd | April 11, 2019 at 3:10 pm
Anyone ask Mr. Stelter about this today?
navyvet | April 11, 2019 at 1:57 pm
"If convicted, Avenatti faces '333 years in federal court…'"
So, who is being punished here? The judges and juries?
dmi60ex | April 11, 2019 at 2:02 pm
Trumpenfruede
amwick | April 11, 2019 at 5:04 pm
Jay H | April 11, 2019 at 2:10 pm
This may adversely affect his run for President.
He might still have hope if he runs as a "Socialist Democrat". He could choose a strategy of arguing that Trump is more corrupt than he is and will make sure Trump is tried for criminal violations.
4fun | April 11, 2019 at 9:53 pm
He'll dominate in the Chicago primary.
#BASTARD!
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] | 1,330,029 | 3,072 | CommonCrawl | 18 | 15 |
looking at substantial time, more time than possible for incarceration at a minimal security work camp for white collar criminals.
Is David Chase going to cast him for a role in the forthcoming The Many Saints Of Newark? It is a movie about the early days of the Soprano clan, when Johnny and Junior were in their prime.
floridaman | April 11, 2019 at 2:31 pm
I think I'll make a large schadenfreude shake and watch the show.
Max17 | April 11, 2019 at 6:57 pm
On the up side, by next week he will be leading the pack to be the Democrat presidential nominee.
Barry | April 11, 2019 at 9:43 pm
I don't understand how ragspierre's highly respected lawyer keeps getting charged with crimes.
You think maybe that was a bit misleading? I wonder why.
TheFineReport.com | April 11, 2019 at 10:48 pm
Did Rags ever do any adult scenes with Stormy? If so, can you provide a link?
Perhaps Rags and Avenatti are cut from the same cloth, the main difference being that Avenatti is a tiny bit smarter 🙂
Ragspierre | April 12, 2019 at 12:59 pm
Or perhaps I'm cut from the same cloth as Prof. Bill. I keep looking for the least sign of your vaunted intelligence.
There ain't none…
What we do know for sure is that your Great Goad Cheeto did what I would never, and have never done.
I've never cheated in a relationship, never pursued a porn star, and never paid one one dime to cover it up, SwineReports.
I don't understand how you keep chanting that damned lie, you POS.
I said that he was a highly effective trial advocate. This is a simple statement of bald fact.
How the fluck else did he win multi-million dollar litigation AND settlements, you dope?
AND, as I've ALSO pointed out factually, a LOT of really effective trial advocates are terrible, awful, really bad people who I despise.
Barry | April 13, 2019 at 12:04 am
No, the "bald fact" is, he's a crook that stole his client's money. His real quality for you was he and you share a Trump hatred.
You're a pair, Rags & Avenatti.
Ragspierre | April 13, 2019 at 8:09 am
You're just a stupid liar who knows it and likes it. The Jussie Smollet of LI.
You were trying to tell us Avenatti was a good guy, all because he was in on the crooked cabal you neverTrumpers were pushing to take out an elected president.
He's a crooked swindler, not an "effective litigator".
He's going to jail.
You knew nothing other than he was a Trump hater like you. So you pushed him as being a good lawyer and he isn't, he's a damn crook.
You are the most corrupt commenter on LI.
Ragspierre | April 13, 2019 at 4:40 pm
More of your ridiculous, stupid lies.
I never said what you lie about. You lie to uphold your cult leader. That's all you do.
Several things can be true at once. A very effective trial counsel, or an effective mob lawyer like Roy Cohn, can be a crook as well.
Ask Duh Donald.
More of your BS. Other lawyers reputations, particularly when made up by another pathetic lawyer, have nothing to do with Avenatti, a corrupt criminal, AKA Creepy Porn Lawyer. Your attempt to inflate his status for reasons anti-Trump were a failure and seen by everyone for what they were.
Avenatti is a crook, going to jail. A man that robbed his clients including disabled ones. He was not an effective trial lawyer, he was a conman, like you.
Just like Jussie, you make shit up to suite your lying meme.
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Dallas considered one of 8 cities fit for Amazon's second headquarters
Posted 2:48 pm, September 27, 2017, by Digital News Desk and CNN, Updated at 02:46PM, September 27, 2017
When Amazon announced plans to open a second headquarters in North America last week, cities were quick to express interest in hosting its new facilities.
Mayors from Toronto to Tulsa, Oklahoma rushed out responses, calling their cities prime candidates.
"This is a transformational opportunity unlike any that we've ever seen," Pittsburgh Mayor William Peduto said in a statement.
It's no surprise cities would clamor at this possibility; after all, Amazon will spend billions of dollars developing the headquarters and hire 50,000 workers.
While many would love to call their city a home for Amazon, some locations make more sense than others.
Given Amazon's interest in a sizable city with good transportation, strong schools and a talented workforce, here are cities the tech giant should consider:
Texas is notoriously business friendly and home to four of the five fastest growing regions of the country, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Dallas/Fort Worth earned a spot on the real estate group CBRE's rankings of the geographic locations with the most tech talent this year. While many cities are suffering a brain drain — when locally educated workers move elsewhere — Dallas' was bested only by San Francisco in terms of attracting tech talent. Its cost of living is also significantly lower than other tech hotspots, such as San Francisco and New York.
Dallas is just one of more than a dozen cities to be included in a regional pitch to lure Amazon HQ2 to North Texas, according to Dallas Business Journal.
Austin has a booming population and tech sector. It already has offices for tech companies such as Apple, Google, Facebook, Microsoft and Samsung. There are 425,000 college students in the region, according to the Austin Chamber of Commerce, providing a strong base for recruiting new employees.
The city's culture, lifestyle and temperate climate also make it an appealing destination.
"People who prefer warmer weather and less rain can go to HQ2 Austin, rather than HQ1 in Seattle. it would certainly make a lot of sense," said Madhavan.
Amazon said its second headquarters should have easy access to an airport with direct flights to Seattle, New York, San Francisco and Washington D.C. Atlanta has the advantage of being a major air travel hub that's within a two-hour flight from 80% of the U.S. population, according to the city government.
Atlanta is also already home to many corporate headquarters, which could help with recruiting.
"Let's say you need a specialist, such as a chief financial officer, and you're able to say that [your company is] located in a city with multiple company headquarters, that makes it a more attractive job offer," Ravi Madhavan, a professor at University of Pittsburgh business school, told CNN Tech. "In the back of their mind, [job candidates] might think, 'What if this doesn't work out?'"
Another Atlanta advantage is the presence of Georgia Institute of Technology, a natural place for recruiting future workers given its strong engineering program. For example, NCR Corporation, which makes payment terminals and other consumer technologies, is relocating its offices near the campus. It believes the location will help attract talent.
Jeffrey Hu, a business professor at Georgia Tech, said the city's growing entertainment industry could also be appealing to Amazon. The tech company has expanded rapidly into video with Prime Video, and more films were produced in Georgia than California in 2016. Investment bank J.P. Morgan estimated Amazon will spend $4.5 billion on content in 2017.
Amazon has asked interested cities to share how it may acquire software engineers, and Pittsburgh has a great answer: pull talent from Carnegie Mellon University. Each year the local university graduates a fresh crop of world-class engineers. The University of Pittsburgh — which has a computer science department — would be another place nearby to recruit.
But the city has a significant drawback: It lacks direct flights to Seattle, a requirement in Amazon's request. However, its airport, which scaled back flights in recent years, could become a valuable resource. Amazon has shown an interest in building out its logistics capabilities | 0.500362 | 1.226292 | 0.572297 | -0.12318 | [
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, which includes air travel for Amazon planes, and Pittsburgh International Airport could handle that type of growth, according to Madhavan.
Amazon may be a U.S.-based company, but the company is considering all of North America for its second headquarters. Experts say Canadian cities could be appealing, especially with recent visa issues and immigration uncertainty in the U.S. Tech companies such as Amazon rely on foreign countries to find technical talent.
Toronto is Canada's largest metro area and provides a wealth of nearby tech talent, including the University of Toronto. It's also only 70 miles from the highly regarded University of Waterloo. Its mayor has already promised to lead a push to bring Amazon to the city.
Amazon requested that interested cities provide incentives from the state and local community. Boston has previously welcomed new headquarters such as GE and iboss Cybersecurity and has shown a willingness to help pay for them. In January 2016, GE's corporate headquarters move to Boston came with $150 million in government incentives.
Meanwhile, an Amazon presence in Boston would make it easy to recruit top talent from MIT and Harvard. But like Washington, D.C. and the Bay Area, it's an expensive city. The website Expatistan, which crowdsources the cost of living, ranks Boston as the eighth most expensive North American city.
The San Francisco Bay Area is an obvious candidate for its wealth of tech talent, and San Jose is no stranger to welcoming tech companies to its downtown. In June, the city announced a potential partnership with Google for more than 6 million square feet of office space — an effort that would create 20,000 jobs. The project is in its early stages.
Amazon has stressed its interest in its second headquarters having to a downtown area, with mass transit on site. But Mayor Sam Liccardo told CNN Tech the city wouldn't offer any financial incentives to Amazon.
"Every major city in this country is engaged in a war for talent," Liccardo said. "Far more than subsidies or pretty buildings or charismatic mayors, what encourages an employer to plant a seed and to water the seed in any community is the availability of talented creative people."
He also cautioned against building public transportation to a large open acre site, like Amazon has requested. Generally, public transportation is built to alleviate stresses on existing road infrastructure — not to bring people to a single company. That's a much harder sell to taxpayers, who will foot the bill.
The nation's capital ranked no. 4 on CBRE's 2017 rankings of cities with the top tech talent.
But the city has more to offer Amazon: The company, along with other tech businesses, may face antitrust concerns in the coming years. An Amazon headquarters near the federal government could be a chance to build better connection with national leaders.
The location could also be appealing to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, who owns The Washington Post and recently purchased the city's largest home for $23 million.
Indiana man's head crushed in fatal forklift accident at Amazon center, coroner says
Walmart wants to send someone to stock your fridge — even when you're not home
Amazon starts bidding war among cities for second headquarters
Topics: amazon, Business, Real Estate
Watch MOM for a chance to win a trip to L.A.!
Watch for the keyword during MOM at 5:30 & 10 PM weeknights on CW33!
Now that Christina's remains have been found, what's next for Enrique Arochi?
White woman uses tanning injections to turn herself black
Janet Jackson's Ex-Husband Claims They Have a Secret Daughter
7 Best Tattoo Artists In Dallas Who Are Insanely Talented
Happy Birthday! Betty White turns 98
Alyssa Nakken becomes first full-time female coach in MLB history
66,000 missing boxes of cookies leave central Texas Girl Scouts scrambling to fill orders
White Settlement church shooting sparks more discussion about 'good guys with guns'
Nexstar Charitable Foundation and CW33 donate $100,000 to benefit Dallas schools damaged by tornadoes
Dad picks up daughter from airport in elf costume and goes viral
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Roger Henry Brough Whittaker (born 22 March 1936) is a British singer-songwriter and musician, who was born in Nairobi to English parents. His music is an eclectic mix of folk music and popular songs in addition to radio airplay hits. He is best known for his baritone singing voice and trademark whistling ability as well as his guitar skills.
He is widely known for his version of "Wind Beneath My Wings" (1982), as well as his own compositions "Durham Town (The Leavin')" (1969) and "I Don't Believe in If Anymore" (1970). American audiences are most familiar with his 1970 hit "New World in the Morning" and his 1975 hit "The Last Farewell", which is his only single to hit the Billboard Hot 100 (it made the Top 20) and also hit No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. He is also known for his renditions of "Ding! Dong! Merrily on High" and "The Twelve Days of Christmas". His final top-charting hit was "Albany", which reached No. 3 in West Germany in 1982.
Childhood and beginning
Whittaker's parents, Edward and Vi Whittaker, were from Staffordshire, England, where they owned and operated a grocery shop. His father was injured in a motorcycle accident and the family moved to a farm near Thika, Kenya, because of its warmer climate. His grandfather sang in various clubs and his father played the violin. Roger learned to play the guitar.
Upon completing his primary education, Whittaker was admitted to Prince of Wales School (now Nairobi School). Upon completing his high school education, he was called up for national service and spent two years in the Kenya Regiment fighting the Mau Mau in the Aberdare Forest. In 1956 he was demobilised and decided on a career in medicine. He enrolled at the University of Cape Town in South Africa. However, he left after 18 months and joined the civil service education department as a teacher, following in his mother's footsteps.
Recording and performing career
To further his teaching career, Whittaker moved to Britain in September 1959. For the next three years, he studied zoology, biochemistry and marine biology at University College of North Wales and earned a Bachelor of Science degree while singing in local clubs, and released songs on Flexi discs included with the campus newspaper, the Bangor University Rag.
Shortly afterwards, he was signed to Fontana Records, which released his first professional single, "The Charge of the Light Brigade", in 1962. (On the labels of the Fontana singles, he is billed as "Rog Whittaker".) In the summer of 1962, Whittaker performed in Portrush, Northern Ireland. He achieved a breakthrough when he was signed to appear on an Ulster Television show called This and That. His second single was a cover version of "Steel Men", released in June 1962.
In 1966, Whittaker switched from Fontana to EMI's Columbia label, and was billed as Roger Whittaker from this point forward. His fourth single for the imprint was "Durham Town (The Leavin')", which in 1969 became Whittaker's first UK Top 20 hit in the UK Singles Chart. Whittaker's US label, RCA Victor, released the uptempo "New World in the Morning" in 1970, where it became a Top 20 hit in Billboard magazine's Easy Listening chart. That same year, his downbeat theme song "No Blade of Grass", written for the film adaptation of the same name that was sung during both the opening and ending titles, became his first film credit.
In the early 1970s, Whittaker took interest in the Nordic countries when he recorded the single "Where the Angels Tread" (Änglamarken) to the music of Evert Taube in 1972. In 1974 he performed at the Finnish Eurovision qualifications. The song "The Finnish Whistler" he performed became famous in Finland as it was used as a title music for the popular Finnish Yle television cooking programme Patakakkonen.
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In 1975, EMI released "The Last Farewell", a track from his 1971 New World in the Morning album. It became his biggest hit and a signature song, selling more than 11 million copies worldwide. In 1979, Whittaker wrote the song "Call My Name" which reached the final of the UK Eurovision selection, A Song For Europe, performed by Eleanor Keenan and came third. Whittaker recorded the song himself and the single charted in several European countries. He established himself in country music with "I Love You Because" getting "into the lower reaches of the country chart" in late 1983.
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Whittaker had success in Germany, with German language songs produced by Nick Munro. Unable to speak German, Whittaker sang the songs phonetically. He appeared on German and Danish TV several times, and was on the UK Top of the Pops show ten times in the 1970s. Whittaker's German-language songs were not initially well received by the critics, who derided the songs as "meaningless folk music". Notwithstanding, Whittaker released 25 albums in Germany and managed to grow a considerable fan base within the country, where he feels he has his most loyal fans, saying "The past few decades have been wonderful … My relationship with the German fans is great."
In March 2006, Whittaker announced on his website that a 2007 Germany tour would be his last, and that he would limit future performances to "occasional concerts". Now more fluent in German, he was seen singing and was interviewed in German on Danish TV in November 2008. In a 2014 interview, Whittaker reiterated that he had retired from touring in 2013, but claimed that he had written 18 new songs for an album and said "I still whistle very well".
Personal life
Before moving on to a career in music, Whittaker studied medicine and trained as a teacher in his native Kenya. He also completed his National Service in the Kenya Regiment. He said that he was "stupid, selfish and angry" in his youth and that the army "made a man" out of him.
On 1 April 1989, Whittaker's parents (still living in Kenya) were subjected to a brutal attack by a gang of four men in which his mother was tortured for eight hours and his father was murdered. His mother moved back to England after the incident. Roger Whittaker said about the incident, "It will affect me for the rest of my life, but I believe we should all live without hate if we can".
In 1964, Roger met Natalie O'Brien, and they married in August. She has been Whittaker's manager since 1989. They have five children: two sons and three daughters (Emily, Lauren, Jessica, Guy and Alexander). Jessica became a presenter on VH-1. They now have 11 grandchildren. In 1986, he published his autobiography, So Far, So Good, co-written with his wife.
Tours
In 1976, Whittaker undertook his first tour of the United States. In 2003, he again toured Germany. After recovering from heart problems at the end of 2004, he started touring in Germany in 2005, and then in the UK from May to July.
Awards
In his career to date, Whittaker has earned over 250 silver, gold and platinum awards. He was part of a successful British team that won the annual Knokke Music Festival in Belgium, and won the Press Prize as the personality of the festival. He was awarded a 'Gold Badge Award', from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) in 1988 and earned a "Golden Tuning Fork" (Goldene Stimmgabel in Germany) in 1986, based on record sales and TV viewer votes.
He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1982 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at RAF Northolt.
Discography
New World in the Morning (1971)
The Magical World of Roger Whittaker ( | 0.623633 | 0.90756 | -0.607808 | -0.754337 | [
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https://piction.clevelandart.org/cma/ump.di?e=DBB800D6C32DAD707EC786A8930E84896F5B4D38CF493D735680E47D123D832E&s=24247294&se=910053968&v=0&f=1958.336_o2.jpg
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https://piction.clevelandart.org/cma/ump.di?e=8C84913988C5A1451663BA50A1EF5E1C6478A31E624C33618863765B5DD67BC5&s=24247294&se=910053968&v=0&f=%5C1958.336det03_o2.jpg
Ewer (Suichū)
織部手付水注
Japan, Momoyama period
Glazed stoneware with iron oxide underglaze slip (Mino ware, Oribe type)
Diameter of mouth: 12.7 cm (5 in.); Container: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.)
Oribe wares are named for the tea master Furuta Oribe, who initiated the flamboyant designs that characterize them.
This ewer was made to replenish the jar that holds water for rinsing teabowls and filling the iron kettle at tea gatherings. Highly abstracted pine trees, cascading ivy, stripes, and grids make up the designs in underglaze iron oxide, while the overall surface alternates between a transparent glaze and a green glaze characteristic of some Oribe tea wares.
?-1958
(Hollis & Company, Cleveland, OH, sold to Mrs. R. Henry Norweb as a gift for the Cleveland Museum of Art)
Mrs. R. Henry [Emery May Holden] Norweb [1895-1984], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art
Lee, Sherman E. Japanese Decorative Style. Tokyo: Makoto Nakao, 1962. Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 54, p. 54
Lee, Sherman E. A History of Far Eastern Art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964. Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 495, fig. 652 | -0.543331 | -0.779212 | -1.267746 | -1.047967 | [
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Jimmy Butler's Sweet Charity: How Drives and Free Throws Unlocked the Chicago Guard's Offense
Gary Dineen/NBAE via Getty Images
by Kirk Goldsberry
If the only thing Jimmy Butler could do was this …
or this …
… he would have a career in the NBA. Yet the fourth-year Marquette product has become much more than a defensive menace. Over the past few seasons, he has gradually morphed into a multifaceted offensive weapon, making him perhaps the best all-around player on a team that has a decent chance to get to the NBA Finals (if it can just get past these pesky Bucks). You'd be hard-pressed to find a more rapid case of player development outside of Kawhi Leonard in San Antonio.
In a few short years, Butler has become a much more effective jump-shooter and a terrific attacker. Looking at Butler's shot chart from just two years ago, it's hard to believe it shows the same player who is now scoring 26.6 points per game in the postseason. When Derrick Rose suffered his first major knee injury, the 2012-13 season became a huge opportunity for Butler, then in his second campaign, to emerge as a key contributor for the Bulls. The reality was that Butler just wasn't ready, and he put up only 8.6 points per game, while typically shooting from only a few discrete locations on the court. He was a low-usage, low-efficiency scorer.
That's the shooting chart of a very raw offensive player. There's no activity near the elbows or above the break, two zones where many wing players make their hay. Fast-forward to this season, and suddenly Butler is among the most versatile and unique scorers in the Eastern Conference. It's a remarkable transformation — not only has he developed a much more diverse scoring portfolio, he's become much more efficient at the same time.
Just a few years ago, Butler was a train wreck beyond the arc (compared to other shooting guards). Now he's doing stuff like this:
Still, as impressive as that shooting growth has been, the biggest element of Butler's offensive evolution doesn't show up on a shot chart. At some point in the last year or so, he has cracked the code to the NBA's most efficient scoring action: getting to the line.
A routine shooting foul elevates the value of an average NBA possession more than almost any other single action. Last week, I described how just getting Kyle Korver an average look transformed the Hawks into an insanely efficient offense. Generally speaking, anytime the Hawks get Korver any kind of shot, they score an incredible 1.34 points per possession.
Butler is a phenomenal foul shooter — anytime he draws a shooting foul, he gets his team 1.67 points per possession.1 It may not be pretty, but it's definitely effective. And the good news for Bulls fans is that very few young players get to the line as much or knock down their free throws as much as Butler.
During the regular season, Butler drew a whopping 5.2 fouls per game. Only five NBA players shot more free throws per contest:
Most Free Throws per Game
James Harden: 10.2
Russell Westbrook: 9.8
DeMarcus Cousins: 9.2
LeBron James: 7.7
DeMar DeRozan: 7.2
Jimmy Butler: 7.1
Whether we want to admit it or not, the league's best players are also its best ref-whisperers. Butler went to the stripe more often than many superstars, including hack magnets like Blake Griffin, Dwight Howard, and Anthony Davis. While those wonky foul stats may seem trivial at first glance, don't be fooled. All of those trips to the line represent something really meaningful. At the very least they indicate that Butler has become quite difficult to guard, but they also tell us that he has a mature awareness of the charity stripe's value. And if we know anything about Butler, it's that the dude likes to get buckets.
Butler's development is evidence of the ripple effects that stem from becoming a better jump-shooter. NBA defenders love to sag off of guys who can't shoot, which in turn makes it very difficult to attack the basket. By impro | 1.01399 | 1.018579 | 0.704182 | 0.001686 | [
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Free, Fair and Fearless
Quick Bits
Qawwali Queen Shakeela Bano Bhopali's life: Unravelling the mystique & misconceptions
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Shams Ur Rehman Alavi
NewsBits.in
Shakeela Bano Bhopali, the famous Qawwali exponent, was a unique performing artiste of her era. Her phenomenal rise, the impact of her live performances that enchanted an entire generation and whose fans included the movie moguls, celebrities and the ordinary man on the street alike, are well-known.
She also acted in movies and was a poet too. But the girl who came from a humble background in Bhopal, and attained immense fame, paid a price for her career. Her fans included reigning stars as well as litterateurs, political figures and she would feature on cover pages of magazines like The Illustrated Weekly of India.
However, her personal life was the casualty. In her hometown, there were speculatious about her marital life and rumours were floated in her lifetime (that continued even after her death). A successful woman whose events in Mumbai were as much successful as in Dubai and London, there was envy and she faced constant character assassination.
Also, somewhere lost in the entire story was the man who fell in love with Shakeela. 'Bano Ka Babu' or Bano's Babu takes the reader to a unique journey, the story starts in the era when Bhopal was a princely state and the last ruler, Nawab Hamidullah Khan was at the helm.
Author Rafi Shabbir pieces together this story, spread across Bhopal and Mumbai, which reveals a lot about the real Shakeela and her soulmate Babu. The book's forte is its lucid language that holds the reader, other than the information about Shakeela's life. Besides, the innocence of the characters is infectious.
The book also tells about those who were struggling to make both ends meet in Bollywood in the era and Shakeela would deliberately play cards with them, just to lose. The aim was that they could get money without knowing that she had thrown away the game in order to help them in a way that this didn't hurt their self-respect.
Some of these people are now considered legendary figures in Bollywood. Despite fame and glamour, her successs in Bollywood and the concerts that were held in India and abroad, and her becoming the reigning Qawwali Queen, Shakeela comes out as a woman who never forgot her roots.
Also, she never forgot Babu. The books is interspersed with interesting facts, anecodes about poetry, 'chaar bait, hockey--all the passions for Bhopalis. Rafi Shabbir has also managed to obtain rare documents. Posters of the movies in which she acted, are also included in the book.
The mystery surrounding Shakeela's marriage, the misconceptions about her life and the affect on her voice during the gas disaster, are also part of this book that has been published by AISECT publication, Bhopal. The author deserves praise for the book that focuses on a woman who revolutionised the world of Qawwali and performing arts.
Journalist for more than 20 years. Had started his career with National Mail in the nineties. Worked as Special Correspondent with Hindustan Times, as an Assistant Editor with DB Post, later Contributing Editor with The Huffington Post, writes for First Post, The Wire, Newsd & several other major publications.
Toxic liquor leads to death of 11 persons in Madhya Pradesh, several hospitalized
BHOPAL: Eleven persons have died after consumption of toxic liquor in Morena district in the Gwalior-Chambal region of northern Madhya Pradesh.
This incident occurred on January 11. The deaths were reported mainly from Manpur and Pahawali that are not far from the district headquarters in Morena.
Apart from those who died, several other people are undergoing treatment in the hospital. The local officials said that a probe is on and those involved in sale and production of spurious liquor, are being arrested.
Just a few months ago, 11 people were killed after consumption of spurious liquor in Ujjain district. The incident had occurred in October, 2020. Despite claims of action against liquor mafia, such incidents continue. The | 0.563367 | 0.5942 | -0.13579 | -0.625163 | [
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] | 1,330,050 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 13 | 14 |
Upgrade Specialist in Another World Vol 1 Chapter 60
Book 1 Chapter 60: Bloodhowl Wolf King's adopted son Hong Yin
After the old man backed off nearly ten meters, he stopped moving, having neutralized the impact force of the Ninefold Fist Force, and shook his hands. Unexpectedly, he seemed not injured at all!
However, instead of attacking again, he suddenly waved his hands, saying: "Wait, wait! Let's stop fighting! Let's stop fighting! I…"
But before he could finish what he was saying, two streaks of cold light were shot at him and they arrived in the blink of an eye!
The old man's eyes widened. He conveniently waved his hand in front of him and caught hold of the two daggers. Looking at Bai Yunfei in front of him, who was holding two other daggers staring hard at him, the old man said with some amazement: "Such a ruthless brat. I already told you to stop fighting, why did you still attack?!"
Despite these words, Bai Yunfei did not relax at all. He was still staring expressionlessly at the opponent, ready to shoot the daggers in his hand out anytime. At the same time, he slowly retreated. Only when there was a distance of about twenty meters between them did he slowly asked: "Who are you actually? Why did you attack me without reason?"
Hearing his words, the old man seemed to be embarrassed for a moment then waved his hands, saying: "Er, never mind, little brother. I just wanted to confirm one thing. I had no ill intentions."
Bai Yunfei frowned slightly, asking: "What did you want to confirm?"
"Well, I just wanted to confirm a bit the two soul techniques you used just now." The old man said smilingly: "Now I've already confirmed that they are indeed the Wave Treading Steps and the Overlapping Waves Art…"
"You know about these two soul techniques?" Upon hearing the old man's words, Bai Yunfei was stupefied then said in amazement: "You know senior Ge Yiyun?"
"Oh? My senior brother even told you his name?" This time that old man was a bit astounded.
"You're his junior brother?"
"Yeah, correct."
Bai Yunfei fell silent. He did not know if what the old man said was true, but at least he had no malice. Simply judging from the fact that he had been able to take his own Ninefold Fist Force with ease, he could tell that he himself was no match for him. It was probably because the old man had intended to test him that he had been able to detect him.
After keeping silent for a while, Bai Yunfei put away the daggers, but he was yet to relax his guard completely. He asked: "Why did you find me, senior?"
"Why?" The old man was slightly dumbfounded, but after thinking for a bit, he said in a somewhat embarrassed manner: "Er, actually there was no reason. It was just that in the evening in the city I saw that you seemed to use the Wave Treading Steps when fighting those men of the Long family so I came to confirm it a bit, and to conveniently ask about my senior brother's whereabouts."
"As his junior brother, why don't you know his whereabouts?" Bai Yunfei asked doubtfully.
"My senior brother doesn't like to stay in touch with other people. Plus, I'm not powerful enough to work out where he's gone to…" The old man said in frustration.
Bai Yunfei frowned slightly, saying: "I don't know where senior Ge Yiyun has gone to at all. But he should still be in this Qingyun Province. Several days ago I ran into him on a mountain to the south of Cuiliu City."
Seeing a thoughtful expression show up on his face, Bai Yunfei did not want to stay longer. He folded his hands in salute, saying: "Senior, if you don't have anything else to say, I'll take my leave now."
As the old man watched Bai Yunfei gradually go away, there was a trace of astonishment on his face. He then shook his head lightly, saying to himself: "It seems this brat still doesn't trust me. Does he | 0.018407 | -0.720122 | -0.790932 | -0.344947 | [
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have to be so vigilant? How can an elder of the Fate School like me possibly fool you? Really… But this also means that there's something special about him. At least being careful in everything can't go wrong.
"Senior brother has been traveling the world for over two years. How many people who can neutralize our school's tribulation has he found, I wonder…? Several months ago, a secular disciple reported that he had gone into Qingyun Province but there's been no news about him ever since. From what this brat said, he should still be in this place. But why? What is he looking for that he's been staying here for several months? Is there something that requires him to put in so much time?"
The more the old man guessed, the more doubtful his face looked. In the end, he let out a soft sigh, turned around and disappeared into the night.
Under the night sky, a tall and straight silhouette was standing on a relatively high roof, looking thoughtfully into the distance at an alleyway more than a thousand meters away. What he was fixing his eyes on was none other than the alleyway where Bai Yunfei and the old man had just met.
Judging from his appearance, he should be no more than thirty years old. His body was tall and straight, his robe silver and his hair long. Although he could not be considered handsome, there was an air of heroism about him. On his shoulder, there was unexpectedly a palm-sized white little animal that looked like a rat.
This man stared into the distance for a long time. In the end he withdrew his eyes. Just when he was about to turn around and leave, the expression on his face suddenly changed. He turned around abruptly.
A person was already standing on the roof behind him and this person was none other than the old man who had just talked with Bai Yunfei!
"Brat, you've been watching for so long. What's this all about? Me, or that little fella?" Seeming to have already anticipated the opponent's actions, the old man said solemnly while staring expressionlessly at him.
That man was startled at first, but he immediately reacted. Taking two steps backwards, he saluted the old man respectfully and said: "I am Hong Yin. It is an honor to meet you, senior Qin Zheng."
"Oh, you recognize me?" The old man was slightly surprised.
"Twenty years ago, my foster father took me with him and paid a visit to the Fate School, and I had the good fortune to see you once." That young man named Hong Yin still said respectfully, then gave a little compliment, "Who would have thought you would still be as gracious as before after twenty years?"
The expression on Qin Zheng's face became much more relaxed. He asked: "Twenty years ago? Your foster father is…"
"Bloodhowl."
The moment Qin Zheng heard this name, he was obviously startled a bit. He then frowned slightly and asked doubtfully: "You're the adopted son of the Bloodhowl Wolf King? Are you that rumored person? Have you got anything to prove this?"
Right after these words were said, seeming to notice Qin Zheng's doubtful tone, the little animal on Hong Yin's shoulder arched its back slightly and squeaked at him a couple of times. Apparently it was somewhat angry.
"Oh? This is… a River Churning Rat! Plus… one in the middle phase of level five!" Earlier, Qin Zheng had not cared about this little animal at all, but now he immediately said in a somewhat amazed manner after observing it attentively for a while.
Hong Yin gave a smile then stroked the little animal on his shoulder to calm it down and replied: "You're so observant, senior. He is my friend, Xiao Tang."
Afterwards, with a shake of his hand, a white dagger appeared in his hand. Actually, it was somewhat inappropriate to call it a dagger because if one looked at it carefully, they would find that it looked more like a tooth of a certain animal.
"I think this object should be enough to prove my identity, right?"
At first Qin Zheng was somewhat astounded because Hong Yin had called the soul beast his friend. Now, seeing this dagger, he raised his eyebrows again, saying in slight amazement: "Blood | 0.671571 | -0.09564 | -0.536357 | 0.001686 | [
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Morning Buzz: Packers back on the practice field
Rounding up news and views on the Green Bay Packers from around the web.
Morning Buzz: Packers back on the practice field Rounding up news and views on the Green Bay Packers from around the web. Check out this story on packersnews.com: https://pck.rs/2OObllq
Aaron Nagler, Packers News Published 8:34 a.m. CT Aug. 6, 2018
Green Bay Packers Family Night practice at Lambeau Field
Green Bay Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers (12) has pumped after hitting the net during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers wide receiver DeAngelo Yancey (10) during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers offensive tackle David Bakhtiari (69) walks off the field during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers wide receiver Marquez Valdes-Scantling (83) drops a fourth down pass in the end zone during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers wide receiver Equanimeous St. Brown (19) stretched for a pass during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Receiver Adonis Jennings (13) can't quite make a catch during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers (12) throws long from the pocket during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers offensive tackle Jason Spriggs (78) blocks during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers running back Ty Montgomery (88) runs past safety Jermaine Whitehead (35) during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers offensive guard Justin McCray (64) blocks defensive tackle Montravius Adams (90) during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers linebacker Clay Matthews (52) rushes against offensive tackle Jason Spriggs (78) during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers wide receiver Equanimeous St. Brown (19) takes a hit from Green Bay Packers defensive back Demetri Goodson (39) during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers quarterback DeShone Kizer (9) runs to the goal line during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis | -1.678792 | -1.534858 | -2.232785 | -2.347351 | [
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., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers tight end Jimmy Graham (80) makes a catch during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers wide receiver Geronimo Allison (81) makes leaping catch during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Head coach Mike McCarthy watches a play during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers tight end Jimmy Graham (80) signals first down during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers cornerback Jaire Alexander (23) breaks up a pass to wide receiver J'Mon Moore (82) during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers wide receiver Equanimeous St. Brown (19) catches a touchdown against cornerback Herb Waters (26) during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers defensive back Tramon Williams (38) breaks up a pass to wide receiver J'Mon Moore (82) during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers quarterback Tim Boyle (8) raises his arms in victory during a drill lduring Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers (12) during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers (12) consoles wide receiver Equanimeous St. Brown (19) after he dropped a pass during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers quarterback Tim Boyle (8) high fives with quarterback Aaron Rodgers (12) during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers linebacker Clay Matthews (52) and cornerback Jaire Alexander (23) laugh during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers wide receiver Davante Adams (17) catches a pass during Green Bay Packers Family Night Saturday, August 4, 2018 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wis., Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin,
Green Bay Packers wide receiver Equanimeous St. Brown (19) during Green Bay Packers Training Camp Thursday, August 2, 2018 at Ray Nitschke Field in Ashwaubenon, Wis(Photo: Jim Matthews/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin, )
The Packers return after an off day on Sunday with a 12:15 p.m. practice on Ray Nitschke Field.
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] | 1,330,065 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0 | 3 |
We'll start with Ryan Wood's chronicling of the personal journey by linebacker Ahmad Thomas to find his birth parents.
From Ryan:
Thomas expected the reunion to bring closure. It instead became the start of two new, meaningful relationships, growing his family. He remains in frequent contact with both. Skyler said she anticipates hosting them in Green Bay again.
More surprising than Thomas' connection with his parents is their own relationship. Michael and Michelle, always searching for each other, were married at a courthouse in April. A wedding is planned for next year, Thomas said.
He doesn't have to wonder anymore. His yearning has subsided, replaced with answers. Looking back, Thomas is glad he sent that email.
"I feel like I do know who I am because my family shaped that," Thomas said, "but at the same time I didn't know what I was. So that was important to me to tell my kids, like, 'This is what you are.'"
Packers young and old alike appreciate the St. Norbert experience:
The tradition dates back to the '50s. https://t.co/Dm2WpC8i4z
— Green Bay Press-Gaz. (@gbpressgazette) August 4, 2018
Elsewhere, NFL Network reported that the Packers left tackle is dealing with a sprained ankle:
#Packers LT David Bakhtiari, carted away from practice last night with his shoe off, suffered just a sprained left ankle, source said. He'll miss some practice time, but it doesn't sound too serious.
— Ian Rapoport (@RapSheet) August 5, 2018
Really nice story from Jason Wilde on Aaron Rodgers' memories of being booed on Family Night:
In the @WiStateJournal ~ #Packers Aaron Rodgers recalls being booed at #FamilyNight a decade ago.
"I was disappointed, because I wanted so badly to be the guy and play well and be someone that the fans enjoyed watching. But I realized it wasn't about me." https://t.co/zZfOVqQEwz
— Jason Wilde (@jasonjwilde) August 5, 2018
Montravious Adams turned some heads on Saturday night:
On @CheeseheadTV: Why Not Montravius Adams? https://t.co/eBaqSEAbERpic.twitter.com/PnYbI7ULFf
— Cheesehead TV (@cheeseheadtv) August 5, 2018
Lombardi Ave. takes a crack at predicting the initial 53 man roster:
Predicting the #Packers 53-man roster a week into training camp https://t.co/ndskY7kncJ
— Lombardi Ave (@lombardiave) August 4, 2018
The Packers Wire takes stock after Family Night:
Stock up, stock down after Packers' Family Night Scrimmage https://t.co/5K7xgwqBWn
— The Packers Wire (@ThePackersWire) August 5, 2018
The Packers continue to chase the Bears for most Hall of Famers:
After yesterday's enshrinement ceremony, the Bears and Packers lead the NFL with the most Hall of Famers. pic.twitter.com/z8MR3Psxm9
— FOX Sports: NFL (@NFLonFOX) August 5, 2018
Ty Montgomery talks running back by committee:
"I've heard coach talk about a running back by committee." - @_WiFi_Ty_ on the @packers' rushing attack this season.
(via @TomPelissero)#NFLTrainingCamppic.twitter.com/wcc7Nrxmbd
— NFL Network (@nflnetwork) August 5, 2018
Pack-A-Day podcast touches on several Packers topics:
*Episode 12*@SconnieSports shares his notes from family night and discusses Jerry Kramer's induction into the hall. He also touches base on why @leap36 should be the next Packer inducted and talks about the incredible camp @timboyle_7 is having.https://t.co/q3Px3dm | -0.2105 | -0.225908 | -0.622272 | -1.421264 | [
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Clearwater education works because students take primary responsibility for their learning and their school. Each day, students make decisions about how to spend their time, how to reach their goals and how to get along with other members of the community. They gain skills that are essential in the workplace, family and society and graduate prepared to take on the challenges they will face throughout their lives.
The Clearwater School is part of an international movement of Sudbury schools. The Sudbury model runs counter to the prevalent education system based on top down management, mandatory coursework and standardized testing. Yet Sudbury graduates are consistently successful in their adult lives—pursuing higher education and entering creative and entrepreneurial careers. They take on difficult challenges with confidence, achieve their personal goals and most importantly, make sure they lead meaningful lives. Sudbury students are characteristically articulate, compassionate individuals who know how to work with others, think critically, engage their creativity and solve problems—the skills most valued by employers and centers of higher learning.
Given the unique nature of the Sudbury model, most prospective parents and students need to evaluate whether The Clearwater School is a suitable choice. The track record of Sudbury schools, the professionalism of Clearwater staff and contact with students offer reassurance of Clearwater's effectiveness. In addition, there is a growing body of literature—anecdotal and empirical—that documents the benefits of the Sudbury model. Below are summaries of relevant discoveries in psychology, human development and learning theory, as well as links and references for further reading.
The drive for mastery is as essential to human development as are the drives for nourishment, rest and comfort. The Sudbury model of education makes a point of not interfering with children's motivations. As a result, Sudbury students gain knowledge and skills with intensity and efficiency. Just as babies are motivated to babble, then speak, Sudbury students are motivated to read and write in order to communicate effectively. With the same determination that babies take a step, fall, get up and start over again until they master walking, Clearwater students learn to draw, master games, or study history.
Psychological and developmental research has shown that human beings construct their own knowledge through active exploration and experimentation. Newborn babies are highly capable and genetically wired to learn quickly and efficiently through interactions with people, objects and events in their environment. Children of all ages construct knowledge by discovering new information, comparing that information to what they already know and building new theories and ideas about their world and how it works. Sudbury schools provide the perfect environment for active exploration. Children are expected to move around freely, try new activities, find out how things work and interact with others of varied ages. They can test out theories about how computers work, what insects do, or how to treat other people. Since there are no grades or tests, they are able to learn from experience—mistakes and successful ventures alike.
Developmental research by the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, suggests that learning requires social interaction. Children are influenced by adults and peers in their environment and actually learn most efficiently from individuals who are close to (but slightly above) their own ability level. In traditional schooling, social interactions are not only discouraged, but often prohibited. Age groups and ability groupings limit friendships and student opportunities to interact with younger and older individuals. In contrast, students at Sudbury schools have daily contact with children and adults of vastly different ages – a school design that reflects the natural composition of families, workplaces and communities. Social interaction is the heart of the school and learning happens in every interaction through talking, playing and exchanging ideas with one another—students and staff members alike.
Within the Clearwater community, each person is required to take responsibility for his or her actions. From the earliest age, children make decisions about how to spend their time, gaining a sense of authority over their education. In schools where education is defined by arbitrary requirements, grades and high stakes test scores, children learn to abdicate personal responsibility to outside authorities. Sudbury schools define education as preparation for life. Children are expected to grow into competent adults. They learn through daily practice to develop tenacity, initiative, creativity, problem solving, confidence and compassion.
Traditionally, schools have been one of the least democratic institutions in our country. The public school system emphasizes conformity and following authority, at the expense of learning to think critically and take initiative. Students must obey rules that are imposed on them, with little opportunity to influence the | 2.06864 | 1.19406 | 3.539699 | 0.613008 | [
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The Black Panthers on PBS Tonight
Watch the full-length version of #BlackPanthersPBS Feb 16, 9p/8c on @IndependentLens @RepBarbaraLee @RepBobbyRush pic.twitter.com/YWzPd80ZC5
— Indie Lens Pop-Up DC (@ILPopUpDC) February 12, 2016
We would not have a movement without all the artists and activists who supported us. #ErickaHuggins #arts #BlackPanthersPBS
— Independent Lens|PBS (@IndependentLens) February 7, 2016
All former Panthers are involved in social service [today]. There's a sense of service to the people. #OmarBarbour #BlackPanthersPBS
"Although the Panthers remained an all-Black org we forged coalitions w/whites Latinos Indians & Asians" ~Kathleen Cleaver #BlackPanthersPBS
— ColorOfChange.org (@ColorOfChange) February 15, 2016
We had organizational discipline.We had organizational restraint.We were more than a protest organization. @RepBobbyRush #BlackPanthersPBS
11:19 am Michon African American, civil rights, Community Organizers, Culture, Eclectique Citizen, History, Politics, Television
ITVS, PBS, The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution
Vera J. Katz & Liz Lerman in Conversation (October 24) at The Potter's House
E. Ethelbert Miller likes to "conversate" with people who have ideas not just jobs. He's pulled together two women who've never shared ideas in the same room before: Vera J. Katz and Liz Lerman. Many people may not know them up front and personal, but have experienced their work and its results. Just tune into network television/feature film, Broadway (Katz), see intergenerational arts, communities growing in motion, science (Lerman).
Read more below.
Saturday, October 24 at 3:30 PM Vera J. Katz and Liz Lerman come together for the first time in conversation about method, techniques, and journeys as master teachers, artists, and mentors in their disciplines – theater and dance. The conversation will be moderated by E. Ethelbert Miller writer and literary activist. The public conversation takes place at The Potter's House (1658 Columbia Road, NW, Washington, DC). The event is hosted by E. Ethelbert Miller presented in partnership with Mosaic Theater Company of DC, and Michon Boston Group LTD engagement strategists. There is no admission fee. RSVP Requested. http://katz-lerman-inconversation.eventbrite.com
Both Vera J. Katz and Liz Lerman have their unique approaches to philosophies about the theater and dance mediums. They have empowered students and artists who often come from communities outside their own culture and experiences. Their work with artists explore the depths of identity, culture, and social justice.
"Katz and Lerman continue to touch lives and shape history. There is much to learn from these women. They are teachers whose contributions extend beyond the classroom, workshop and stage. An afternoon of reflections and memories might just be the beginning of a new cultural blueprint," says Miller who is also board chair at the Institute for Policy Studies.
Shortly after the assassination of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the riots that followed in 1968, Katz arrived on the Howard University campus to teach drama. It was a turbulent time of public grief, outrage, and protest on and off campus; not the time when Howard's theater students could eagerly embrace a Jewish American woman professor.
Nearly 10 years later Lerman was completing her Master of Arts degree at George Washington University. She was also putting together a unique modern dance company and named it Dance Exchange. For Lerman, the MA degree was a way to get a stipend. The company was, in her words, "holding commitment to concert and community."
Today Katz is professor emeritus of Howard, gives private coaching, and teaches drama part time at the Ellington School of the Arts to a new generation of thespians. Katz has been called by former students Debbie Allen and Phylicia Rashad for dramaturgy and creative | 0.864696 | 0.432148 | 0.980632 | -0.175207 | [
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counsel. She is also putting the finishing touches on her memoir to include her unique techniques that have brought success to many African American actors appearing on stage, television, and film today: Taraji P. Henson ("Empire"), Anthony Anderson ("Blackish"), Chadwick Boseman ("42," "Get On Up"), Wendy Raquel Robinson ("Steve Harvey Show"), just to name a few.
Lerman's vision broadened the reach of dance beyond the studio and stage. Her dancers toured nationally and internationally. They were multi-generational tapestry engaging the public in shipyards, synagogues, playgrounds, street corners in motion with geneticists and physicists, as well as health care workers and patients.
Washington, DC is no longer the city Vera J. Katz found in 1968 or the DC of 1976 when Liz Lerman launched her dance company. In 2002 Lerman received a genius award from the MacArthur Foundation, and published a collection of essays, Hiking the Horizontal: Field Notes from a Choreographer in 2011. Harvard University invited her to be an artist in residence, initiating new projects including the National Civil War Project, and the Healing Wars. Both projects explore the impact of war on humanity through arts and science. After 34 years Dance Exchange has been turned over to a new generation and Lerman has moved her life to Baltimore, Maryland.
The conversation is a time for Katz and Lerman to assess the changes in art, culture, identity, and the city of Washington, DC. It is a master class in the meaning of art in life and the life theater and dance has brought to so many.
6:18 am Michon Black, Community Organizers, Culture, Dance, Jewish, People, Stage, The Arts, Women
Dance, DC, Ethelbert Miller, Liz Lerman, Michon Boston Group, Mosaic Theater Company of Washington, The Potter's House, theater, Vera J. Katz
David Simon's "Show Me a Hero" premieres on HBO August 16
From David Simon (HBO's "Treme" and "The Wire") and Paul Haggis ("Crash"), the HBO Miniseries presentation SHOW ME A HERO debuts its first two parts back-to-back SUNDAY, AUG. 16 (8:00-10:00 p.m. ET/PT), followed by two parts on both of the subsequent Sundays – Aug. 23 and 30 – at the same time. In addition to Simon and Haggis (who directs all six parts), the miniseries is executive produced by Nina K. Noble, Gail Mutrux and William F. Zorzi.
Based on the nonfiction book of the same name by Lisa Belkin, the miniseries explores notions of home, race and community through the lives of elected officials, bureaucrats, activists and ordinary citizens in Yonkers, NY.
That's the HBO blurb. Look out for my next post on eclectique916.com. HBO granted me a preview of the miniseries. Lisa Belkin's book has been rereleased in paperback by Hacchette Book Group with the miniseries tie in that includes actor Oscar Isaac as Nick Wasicko (youngest Mayor in the U.S.) on the bookcover.
11:14 am Michon African American, civil rights, Community Organizers, Culture, Eclectique Citizen, Hispanic, housing, Jewish, Justice and the Law, Neighborhoods, New York, People, Television, The Economy, Urban Planning, White/Euro American
David Simon, HBO, Lisa Belkin, Oscar Isaac, Show Me a Hero
Michaela Brown, 22, of West Balt and a Morgan St junior, on youth "solidarity" march: "Young people have power too." pic.twitter.com/M0zaWHD2Ud
— Kevin Rector (@RectorSun) April 29, 2015
I spend more time on social media than on this blog. I could be more consistent here as I am there. So here are a few of my thoughts and notices re recent events from Freddie Gray's death, to the marches, and the riots in West Baltimore as shared on social media. [Edits as needed]
The mixed blessing in Baltimore is no shots were fired.
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People set up community activities yesterday. Schools were closed. The libraries were open. Performers took to the streets. Community organizers moved as many people possible at 9 PM to meet the curfew. There was a little scuttle and tear gas at 10:30, but not what we saw Monday.
All that to say Baltimore has always had a certain "can do" spirit. It's just been beaten out of them due to extreme poverty, neglect, and systematic racism. Add drugs. "The Wire" was the warning shot sent by the series's creators to show the impact of all this on urban communities. Unfortunately it wasn't received in a way that made leadership pro-active. "The Wire" became just another entertaining gritty HBO series. Some people will argue that it hurt the city — as you can see it is always referenced when you say "Baltimore".
But I believe the true B'more spirit will prevail. And they need help.
Quote of the Day: "If our society really wanted to solve the problem, we could, but it requires everybody saying this is important … and that we don't just pay attention to these communities when a CVS burns. And we don't just pay attention when a young man gets shot or has his spine snapped." President Barack Obama
…which I believe connects in some way with what was discussed during this interview with David Simon by the President in March:
This one went viral:
Certainly We Can Be More Better than we've been!
2:48 pm Michon African American, Baltimore, civil rights, Community Organizers, Eclectique Citizen, Justice and the Law, Television
Can Resilience Rebuild?
The day before the 2nd anniversary of the Hurricane Sandy disaster, I attended a reception and screening of the documentary THIS TIME NEXT YEAR at the National Building Museum in Washington, DC. Though the film website opens with a word about "climate change," the film itself makes no mention or claims about "why" Sandy happened, but what happened after in the community of Long Beach Island. Filmmakers Jeff Reichert and Farihah Zaman were present for the Q&A. Also joining them was Joe Mangino, a businessman and subject in the film, who "stepped up" and initiated a community rebuilding effort on Long Beach Island that's now evolved into a non-profit. This event was an opportunity to reinforce a message about "resilience." Resilience is actually the theme of the documentary and part of an impact campaign to get coastal communities via schools thinking about and acting on preparing for a natural disaster. [That goes for any community. Washington, DC, usually on the tail end of tropical storms and hurricanes, is now a candidate for earthquakes.]
The filmmakers, who took up residency at Long Beach Island to make the film, seem keenly aware of the precarious situation that can happen at any moment to any person. Reichert remembers the family trips, holidays and vacations on Long Beach Island; Zaman is originally from Bangladesh.
Long Beach Island is located along the New Jersey shore. It's the place for summer flings and all the recreational activities that a beach community provides. In fact, before Sandy, life was a beach for many of the residents. It's a different reality today. The people are still recovering from the hurricane damage. Resilience, which is part of a community effort, has helped them through the worst. And ironically Sandy created a bridge between some of the more affluent north island residents, and their middle class neighbors on the other end.
Hurricane Sandy hit the northeastern coast including New York City with such a force, it put the whole nation on notice and exposed the vulnerability of our infrastructure in one of its most densely populated areas. The American Society of Engineers has given the U.S. an overall D+ on their infrastructure report card. They estimate that $3.6 trillion is needed for investment. If the infrastructure is weak in normal situations, what about during natural disasters. Are we ready for that? Are we "on our own"?
Californians are probably the most astute people in terms of disaster preparedness. They know "The big one's comin'" It's just a matter of when. I have friends with barrels of supplies including canned food, some cash, and water stored without being labeled as a paranoid survivalist waiting for the apocal | 1.137261 | 0.952326 | 0.87411 | -0.019125 | [
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> Home / College / Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (DYPUHF)
Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (DYPUHF)
Distt. Solan , Himachal Pradesh
Established: 1985, Affiliated to the Panjab University
Course interested in BTech BSc (Hons) MSc MBA Diploma Program (DP)
Updated On - Tuesday, 04 January 2022
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (DYPUHF), Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
Location: The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
Nauni Solan
Distt. Solan Himachal Pradesh 173230
Phone: 01792-252363(O), 252357(O), 252343(R)
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Website: http://www.yspuniversity.ac.in
Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech)
Course Type: Degree
Fees: Rs. 70,000/- Appx Annual
Seats:40
Study Mode: Full Time
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.- Hons)
Seats:60 each stream
Master of Science (M.Sc.)
Diploma Program (DP)
Course Type: Diploma
Notification 2022
Bathinda, Punjab
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University
Ph.D Admission 2022
Arunachal University of Studies
Namsai District, Arunachal Pradesh
Sangareddy District, Telangana
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Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh
Al Ameen College of Pharmacy
Al Falah School of | -1.300761 | -0.642173 | -0.007234 | -1.172833 | [
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Diocese of Cochin
On the Malabar coast, India
Cochin, Diocese of (COCHINENSIS), on the Malabar coast, India. The diocese was erected and constituted a suffragan of the Diocese of Goa, of which it had previously formed a part, by the Bull "Pro excellenti praeeminentia," of Paul IV, February 4, 1558 (cf. Bullarium Patronatus Portugalliae Regum, I, 193). It was later reorganized according to the Concordat of June 23, 1886, between Leo XIII and King Luiz I of Portugal, and the Constitution "Human Salutis Auctor" of the same pope, September 1, 1886. It is suffragan to the patriarchal See of Goa (cf. Julio Biker, Colleccao de Tractados, XIV, 112-437). The diocese consists of two strips of territory along the sea-coast, the first about fifty miles long, by eight in its broadest part, the second thirty miles in length. There are two important towns, Cochin and Alleppi (Alapalli), in which the higher educational and charitable institutions of the diocese are situated.
I. HISTORY.—The chief religions professed in Malabar at the arrival of the Portuguese were: Hinduism, Christianity (the Christians of St. Thomas or Nestorians), Islam, and Judaism, the last represented by a large colony of Jews. From these the Catholic community was recruited, mostly from the Nestorians and the Hindus. Islam also contributed a fair share, especially when Portugal was supreme on this coast; among the Jews conversions were rare. To Portugal belongs the glory of having begun regular Catholic missionary work in India, and Cochin has the honor of being the cradle of Catholicism in India. The first missionaries to India were eight Franciscan friars, who set sail from Lisbon on the fleet of Pedro Alvarez Cabral (q.v.), March 9, 1500: Father Henrique de Coimbra, Superior; Fathers Gaspar, Francisco da Cruz, Simdo de Guimaraens, Luiz do Salvador, Masseu, Pedro Netto, and Brother Joao da Vitoria. Three of them were slain at Calicut in the massacre of November 16, 1500. The survivors arrived at Cochin on or about the 26th of that month, and settled there (except the superior, who went back with the fleet to obtain more help for the mission), thus laying the foundation of the Diocese of Cochin (Histor. Seraf. Chron. da Ordem de S. Francisco na Provincia de Portugal, III, 489, 494, 495). They were followed by large contingents of zealous missionaries, who worked from the city of Cochin as a center. The harvest of souls was rich, the Christians multiplied along the coast and in the interior, and in course of time a bishop was assigned to them.
The Nestorian Christians in the vicinity of Cochin naturally attracted the attention of the missionaries, and Fathers Simao de Guimaraens and Luiz do Salvador were soon occupied in refuting their errors and reforming their discipline and customs (Hist. Seraf., III, 497). These two missionaries were the pioneers of the Faith among the Nestorian Christians. Members of the same order continued this missionary work till the middle of the sixteenth century, when these missions were handed over to the Jesuits, who continued the good work with such earnestness and zeal that most of the Nestorian Christians were converted before 1600. The chief public record of their conversion is to be found in the proceedings of the Synod of Diamper (or Udiamperur), held in June, 1599, by Aleixo de Menezes, Archbishop of Goa, Metropolitan and Primate of the East ("Bull. Patron. Port. reg.", a collection of papal and royal documents pertaining to the Portuguese missions in India, App. torn. I, 147 sqq.; see also "Subsidium ad Bull. Patr. Port.", Alleppi, 1903). In December, 1502, the Nestorian or Syrian Christians (they used the Syrian language | 0.461326 | 1.204804 | 0.420123 | 0.65463 | [
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in their liturgy) presented to Vasco da Gama, who had arrived at Cochin, the scepter of their former kings, and applied to him for assistance against their Mohammedan neighbors. Gama formally accepted the scepter in the name of the King of Portugal. The Syrian bishop of those Christians promised obedience to the pope through the Franciscan missionaries, and two Nestorian priests accompanied Gama to Lisbon en route for Rome. Thus began the protectorate of the Portuguese over the Syrian Christians, a protectorate which lasted for 160 years (cf. Joao de Barras, "Asia", December I, bk. V, ch. viii; also "Historia Serafica"). Till 1542 the Franciscans were the only regular missionaries in India, though they had the cooperation of some secular priests, as Father Pedro Gonsalves, Vicar of Santa Cruz church in the city of Cochin, and Father Miguel Vaz, a zealous preacher of the Faith, as well as of some isolated members of other religious communities, who had come out as chaplains to the fleets ("Commentarios do Grande Affonso d'Albuquerque", 3d ed., 1774, I, ch. v, 19-20, and "Ethiopia Oriental", II, bk. II, ch. i).
Among the pioneer priests of Cochin mention should be made of the Franciscans Joao d'Elvas and Pedro d'Amarante, who till 1507 preached the Gospel at Vypeen, Palliport, Cranganore, and other important places; Father Manuel de S. Mathias, with his eleven companions, who labored for the conversion of the pagans at Porrocad, Quilon, Trivellam, and elsewhere; Father Vincent de Lagos, who in 1540 established the college of Cranganore to train the Nestorian Christians in the purity of Catholic Faith, a college highly praised by St. Francis Xavier, and the first built in India. In 1542 it had eighty students (Amado, Hist. da Egreja em Portugal e colonias, Vol. VII, Pt. II, 117-21).
After St. Francis Xavier's arrival in India, May 6, 1542, the Society of Jesus quickly spread over India, and the members were always most successful in the missions under their charge. St. Francis often visited Cochin, where the citizens gave him the church of Madre de Deus, and asked him to establish in the city a residence of the Society. It was accordingly founded by Father Balthazar Gago, S.J., in 1550. In the same year Father Nicolao Lancelot, S.J., built the residence and college of Quilon, and Affonso Cipriano, S.J., the residence of Mylapore; soon after the residence and college of Punicail were established, and the residence of Manar. In 1560 the King of Portugal built for the Society of Jesus the college of Cochin, and in 1562 a novitiate of the Society was established there. In 1601 the Jesuit Province of Malabar was founded, and Cochin was made the residence of the provincial. Among the early Jesuits must be mentioned in addition to St. Francis Xavier, foremost of missionaries, Fathers Mansilha, Criminal, B. Nunes, H. Henriques, F. Peres, F. Rodrigues; Brothers Adam Francisco, N. Nunes. Later, the Dominicans, Augustinians, and other orders followed the Society of Jesus to India. The Dominicans built their monastery and college at Cochin in 1553; some years later their example was followed by the Augustinians, and still later by the Capuchins. Cochin thus became the stronghold of the Faith, and it was the missionaries of Cochin who carried the Gospel through-out all Southern India and Ceylon, everywhere establishing missions, and building churches, charitable and educational institutions, all of which were endowed by the kings of Portugal.
Apart from the heroic zeal of the priests, the most powerful element in the propagation of the Faith was the protection the Portuguese Government always accorded to the converts. It provided them with good situations, employing them in civil offices, freed them from the molestations of their masters | 1.005772 | 1.487724 | 0.828458 | 0.878348 | [
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, elevated them in the social scale, exempted them from the operation of Hindu law, appointed for them a judicial tribunal composed of Catholics, which in rural districts was presided over by the local priest. It induced the rajahs to treat the converts kindly, and obliged them to allow their converted subjects all the civil rights, e.g. of inheritance, which their Hindu relatives enjoyed. ("Colleccao de Tractados", treaties made with the rajahs of Asia and East Africa, passim in the first thirteen vols.; also "Archivo Portuguez Oriental", Nova Goa, 1861, Fasc. III, parts I and II passim; "Oriente Conquistado", Bombay reprint, 1881, I, II; P. Jarric, S.J., "Thesaurus Rerum Indicarum", Cologne, 1615, I, III, on the Malabar Missions of the Society.)
The above-mentioned Bull of Paul IV, by which the diocese was constituted, raised the collegiate church of the Holy Cross (Santa Cruz), the parish church of Cochin, to the dignity of cathedral of the diocese, and established therein a chapter consisting of five dignitaries and twelve canons. At the same time the pope gave the patronage of the new diocese and see to the kings of Portugal (Bull. Patr. Port. Reg., I, 194).
Until 1506 Hindu law, which was rigorously observed, forbade the use of lime and stone in other constructions than temples. Hence the early Portuguese, to avoid displeasing the rajah, built their houses of wood. Finally the viceroy, Francisco de Almeida, induced the Rajah of Cochin to permit him the use of lime and stone, and on May 3, 1506, the first stone for the fortress and city was laid by the viceroy with great pomp. It was the feast of the Finding of the Holy Cross, which thus became the patronal feast of the city, and gave to the parish church its title. The church of the Holy Cross (Santa Cruz) was begun in, or rather before, 1506, for in 1505 we find Portuguese soldiers contributing towards the construction of the church of Cochin 1000 xerafins (about $150, a large sum four hundred years ago), the result of an auction of the rich booty of a naval combat (Gaspar Correa, "Lendas da India", I, 522; II, 182). Some years later this church was raised to collegiate rank, endowed by the king, and provided with a vicar and six beneficed ecclesiastics. It was a magnificent building, the mother church of the ancient Diocese of Cochin, which the Malabar, Coromandel and Fishery Coasts, and Ceylon once obeyed, and under whose teaching and discipline they flourished. There are now not less than eleven bishoprics in the territory of the original Diocese of Cochin. The first Bishop of Cochin was the Dominican, Father Jorge Themudo, an illustrious missionary on this coast. The Brief "Pastoralis officii cura nos admonet" of Gregory XIII, December 13, 1572, permitted the Bishop of Cochin, on occasion of the vacancy of the See of Goa, to take possession of that see and administer it till the Holy See provided for the vacancy. This is why many bishops of Cochin were appointed archbishops of Goa.
In 1577 Brother Joao Gonsalves, S.J., engraved at Cochin, for the first time, the Malealam type, from which was printed the first Malealam book, "Out-lines of Christian Doctrine", written in Portuguese by St. Francis Xavier for the use of children. In 1578 Fr. Joao de Faria, S.J., engraved at Punicail the Tamil type, with which the "Flos Sanctorum" was printed in Tamil for the Fishery Coast (Paulinus a S. Bartholomaeo, "India Orient. Christiana", Rome, 1794, 179 sqq.; "Oriente Conquistado", Vol. I, Pt. I, Cong. I, Div. I | 1.096171 | 1.745574 | 0.369398 | 1.169701 | [
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, § 23).
Cochin was taken, January 6, 1663, by the Dutch, after a siege of six months. The city was reduced in size; the clergy were expelled; the monasteries and colleges, bishop's palace and 2 hospitals, 13 churches and chapels, were razed to the ground. The church of St. Francis of Assisi, belonging to the Franciscan monastery, was spared by the conquerors and converted to their own religious use. When the English expelled the Dutch, October 20, 1795, they kept this church for the same purpose; it stands today a witness to the events of the past four centuries, and is considered the oldest existing church in India. The magnificent cathedral was turned by the Dutch into a warehouse for merchandise. In 1806 it was blown up by the English.
From 1663 until the diocese was reorganized in 1886, the bishops of Cochin resided at Quilon. In 1896 work was begun on the Cathedral of the Holy Cross of Cochin by Bishop Ferreira, amid great sacrifices. In April, 1897, when almost complete, the building collapsed, entailing a heavy loss. Bishop Ferreira died at Goa, May 4, the same year. Bishop Oliveira Xavier took charge of the diocese in March, 1898, removed the debris of the fallen building and successfully carried the work to completion. The cathedral was opened for Divine worship, August 9, 1903. Brother Moscheni, the famous Italian painter of India, belonging to the Jesuit mission of Mangalore, was secured to decorate the church, but had hardly finished the sanctuary when he died, November 14, 1905. The cathedral was consecrated November 19, 1905, by Bishop Pereira of Damaun, Archbishop ad honorem of Cranganore.
II. RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS.—The Church of Cochin has suffered some rigorous persecutions. The most severe was that of 1780, commenced by Nagam Pillay, Dewan of Travancore, in which 20,000 converts fled to the mountains, to escape his cruelties, and many died as martyrs. Father Joao Falcao, S.J., was the only priest left to console the sufferers. There were other less severe persecutions in 1787, 1809, and 1829 (Paulinus a S. Bartholomaeo, "India Orient. Christiana", 165 sqq.; also "Church History of Travancore", Madras, 1903, Introduction, 55). Ina general way there has always been a kind of mild persecution or animosity on the part of Hindu Governments and authorities against Christians. The growth of the Catholic Church is at present affected especially by the "Law of Disability" in force in the Native States of Malabar, by which a convert becomes a stranger to his family, and forfeits all rights of inheritance. The government schools, in which the young are reared in religious indifferentism, form also a remarkable hindrance to conversions, especially among the higher classes.
III. STATISTICS.—In all, twenty Bishops of Cochin have actually taken possession of the see ("Mitras Lusitanas no Oriente", I, III; "Annuario da Arch. de Goa", 1907). The total population of the diocese is 398,000; Catholics, 97,259. The number of conversions averages 300 a year. The diocese contains 30 parishes, 9 missions, 77 churches and chapels, 62 secular priests (5S natives of India), 4 Jesuits; 8 Anglo-vernacular parochial schools, with an attendance of 480 boys and 128 girls, 77 vernacular parochial schools, with an attendance of 6592. The Sisters of the Canossian Congregation number 15 in two convents. The following educational and charitable institutions are at Cochin: Santa Cruz High School for boys, under the Jesuit Fathers, and St. Mary's High School | 0.500362 | 1.502049 | 0.43534 | 0.63642 | [
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Many people in IT, even at Redgate where I work, see the job title "Editor" and think I spend most of my time fixing spelling mistakes, adding Oxford Commas, and thwarting an author's ambitions to end a sentence with a preposition. They are sometimes bemused, therefore, when they learn how long a proper technical edit can take, and what's involved.
Punctuation and grammar are only a very small part of it, and certainly not the part I find fun or interesting. Not that the rest of the job is full of glamour, but it can be challenging and rewarding.
I devote a lot of energy to pinning down text to only the specific, precise and meaningful. I spend too much time asking authors to explain to me the precise subject to which their "it" refers, and gently discouraging use of non-specific nouns such as "thing". Even the best authors find the occasional slide towards the non-specific hard to resist. I've lost count of how many times an author has suggested that the reader "test out different scenarios in their own environments". I used to agonize over exactly what "scenarios" played out in this author's "environment", but I've since learned that it's a greater kindness just to hit the delete key.
I also test code, challenge lazy technical assertions that don't seem substantiated by fact. I remove hyperbole; an author may wish to refer to a "game changing" or "groundbreaking" new feature, but post-edit they find that it's just a "new feature", after all. Not that I take (much) satisfaction from dampening high enthusiasm, but it needs to come out naturally in the proof of what the feature can do. I restructure and reconstruct to bring clarity and order to the author's sometimes brilliant but often chaotic ideas.
It can be hard and occasionally frustrating work for both editor and author (ask Grant Fritchey). What's the payoff? I like to tell the story, as it's a touchstone for me as an editor, of Woody Allen at his most daring and misanthropic, working away on a messy, chaotic and seemingly ill-fated film called 'Anhedonia'. In the quiet period after the shooting stopped, his editor, Ralph Rosenblum, helped Woody find amidst the chaos a very funny and moving story. The film was released as Annie Hall.
It's a process that applies to technical text too, at least when I'm the editor. Gradually, through a series of many incremental adjustments, the text becomes more specific, and "embodied in the particular". It gains clarity, loses its ability to mislead or confuse. In the best cases, what emerges from this process, shining into the light, is the real "story" that the author wanted to tell. The thoughts, ideas and experience it contains are revealed for all.
Just occasionally it's a story a lot of people wanted or needed to hear, and the results have sometimes been spectacular. The article or book reaches hundreds of thousands of readers. Reputations are made, MVP awards bestowed.
In fine art, a large part of training is given over to explaining your work and, in effect, promoting it. Similarly, all sorts of techniques and rules go into explaining technical concepts, and putting your views across with clarity. I wonder occasionally why such skills aren't part of IT career training. If you're interested in improving these skills, through technical writing, let us know. They are surprisingly relevant for all development work.
Tony Davis is an Editor with Red Gate Software, based in Cambridge (UK), specializing in databases, and especially SQL Server. He edits articles and writes editorials for both the Simple-talk.com and SQLServerCentral.com websites and newsletters, with a combined audience of over 1.5 million subscribers. You can sample his short-form writing at either his Simple-Talk.com blog or his SQLServerCentral.com author page.
As the editor behind most of the SQL Server books published by Red Gate, he spends much of his time helping others express what they know about SQL Server. He is also the lead author of the book, SQL Server Transaction Log Management.
In his spare time, he enjoys running, football, contemporary fiction and real ale.
(editor) You're hired as proofreader, sir.
I do try to include the Oxford comma, though. Not seeing it when it should be there always irks me.
I couldn't agree more – you | 1.570079 | 0.16803 | 1.115053 | 0.152565 | [
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can't just slap a few words down on a web page or Word doc & say "done".
Any well written piece is a lot of work – blogs, documentation, even whole organisation e-mails. Often ignored technical writers & editors need a pat on the back.
I'm one of those technical people who find it very hard to express myself clearly. Good writing requires order, sequence, and a strong narrative, whereas most people want to write in either a clenched-teeth textbook strangulated style, or else, by contrast, want to emulate 'Catcher in the Rye' with flashbacks, asides and alternative universes. Paradoxically, well-ordered writing is very tedious to read. A good bit of writing, whether a short note, article or book, usually represents a titanic struggle between order and disorder -editor and author. It is in the interest of the reader that neither side should dominate. I have to say that Tony has many times transformed my work into a far more palatable form. Like all good editors, he has the knack of working out what I really meant to say. He is also deft in placing those Oxford commas.
When I'm writing documentation, I write for an audience of people who are interested but new to the field, for example, the newly-started DBA. I can't expect this person to know the business logic, nor to immediately understand why I've used the construct that I have used. However, I assume that they know they basics — they know what tables, joins, views, inserts, updates & deletes are.
I work on the principle that if I can't explain something simply and clearly, then I don't really understand it myself.
p.s. I find the artificial distinction between «it's» and «its» annoying. The apostrophe indicates that a letter (most probably an «e» or a schwa) has been dropped sometime in the past. Genitives have an apostrophe to indicate the dropped letter and the contraction of «it is» has an apostrophe to indicate the dropped «i».
p.p.s. My working definition of an editor is one who reads texts like Fowler's and applies it to their daily work.
That's great! To find out more about becoming a Simple Talk author, drop an email over to [email protected].
As a developer who sometimes writes technical articles, I am aware of the conflict between brevity and detail, and the art of extracting meaning from chaos. I am very thankful for some of my co-workers who have agreed to edit my writings. One more vote for '… improving these skills, through technical writing…'. Cheers.
If you're interested in writing for us, send an email over to [email protected].
This post goes a long way to proving the old adage… that there is dignity in all work. Surely that must be true if it is true of technical editing.
I jest, of course. There is indeed dignity in a respect for one's trade and a commitment to quality. Simple-Talk has always set itself apart from other technical publications in terms of quality. Having a skilled and committed technical editor has surely played a significant role in your success.
Your post got me thinking about "editing" in the IT world. Not articles, but projects. How often have would-be authors (users) come up with ideas for articles (projects) that sound OK at first, but rapidly wonder all over the place and loose there way. There needs to be an edit process. Truth be told, I'm old school. I come from an era where we had specifications and they got edited, but those things take time. Now-a-days there's a lot of winging it going on and not so much editing. Articles (projects) don't read quite as well as they once did. Many more short stories being written and not so many good novels. I think we've lost something along the way.
My English degree has been a thousand times more valuable in my work as a DBA than my minor in computer science.
I disagree with the Oxford comma. Fite me IRL.
Those silly images of JFK, Stalin, etc. Are not arguments. They don't say what the pictures represent. Two things: b and c. Add a third? Put it plus a comma: a, b and c. End of story.
I guess I'm sort of odd as a developer, as I actually ENJOY documenting the work I do. For me, producing clear, conc | 1.150958 | -0.524943 | 0.937516 | -0.229186 | [
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\section*{\label{sec:level1} Outline of our paper}
\section{Introduction}
Inertial cavitation is the process in which a bubble experiences rapid, unsteady expansion and collapse due to abrupt pressure changes.
Initially studied in the context of fluids and hydrodynamics applications, accurate modeling of inertial cavitation required models incorporating significant governing physics to be predictive, leading to incorporation of pressure gradients~\cite{plesset_1949}, weakly compressible behavior~\cite{keller-miksis_1980}, heat~\cite{nigmatulin-etal_1981} and mass transfer~\cite{kreider-etal_2011}, non-linear oscillations~\cite{prosperetti-etal_1988}, and other fluid constitutive properties~\cite{street-larock_1968, fogler-goddard_1970, tanasawa-yang_1970}.
As the application space of inertial cavitation theory continued to evolve, soft solids with significant fluid content (such as those in the human body) became an important application space, particularly in the contexts of high-rate injury and ultrasound-based tissue surgery.
For example, if the human body is subjected to a ballistic, blast, or crash event, inertial cavitation is a cause of finite, high-rate deformation and damage in soft tissues \cite{brennen_2014,brennen_2015}.
In recent years, inertial cavitation has also been carefully harnessed to achieve targeted tissue destruction in the form of shock wave lithotripsy \cite{bailey-etal_2003} and histotripsy \cite{xu-etal_2005,parsons-etal_2006}.
To effectively navigate the boundary between beneficial medical procedures and harmful cavitation-induced injuries, an understanding of the bubble-soft tissue interaction is not only important, but must be understood well-enough to adjust a procedure in near-real time.
Fortunately, we can leverage the past incorporation of viscoelastic fluid (which we will refer to generally as soft material) behavior into modeling inertial cavitation dynamics as a starting point.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{figures/220608-IMR-reduced.pdf}
\vspace{-1em}
\caption{Inertial microcavitation rheometry (IMR) combines laser-induced cavitation (LIC) experiments with a Rayleigh-Plesset-like model incorporating material behavior to inversely determine finite, high-rate viscoelastic material properties.
}
\label{fig:IMR}
\end{figure}
The inertial cavitation problem is commonly modeled by a system of governing equations including conservation of energy, mass, and momentum.
Depending on the complexity of the material and bubble behavior, simplifications may be made.
Incorporating appreciable material compressibility requires directly solving the balance of mass, energy, and momentum in the material-plus-bubble system, performed well in practice using interface-capturing methods~\cite{shyue_1998,saurel-abgrall_1999,abgrall_1996}.
Higher-order accurate numerical methods, e.g., Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) methods~\cite{jiang-shu_1996}, have been applied to capture nonlinear waves (e.g., shocks) for high-fidelity bubble dynamic simulations in a liquid ~\cite{johnsen-colonius_2006, coralic-colonius_2013, beig-johnsen_2015} and near surface \cite{rodriguez-etal_2019}. Phase change at the bubble-material interface has been incorporated with the use of fully-Eulerian Multi-component Flow Code (MFC) and a high-order accurate, shock- and interface-capturing numerical solver~\cite{bryngelson-etal_2020, coralic-colonius_2013}.
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] | 1,330,087 | 0 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
multi-scale cavitation dynamics with linear elastic bubble surroundings has also been achieved with MFC ~\cite{rodriguez-johnsen_2019}.
In material systems well-modeled by limited compressibility and relatively low Mach numbers during bubble collapse, this set of governing equations reduces to a 1D spherical problem.
In the fully incompressible case, momentum is described by the well-known Rayleigh-Plesset equation \cite{rayleigh_1917, plesset_1949}, while incorporation of limited compressibility leads to the Keller-Miksis \cite{keller-miksis_1980} relation.
Embedded in the Keller-Miksis equation is a driving pressure differential, which in turn relies on the integral of the stress field in the material.
Thus, our description of inertial cavitation in soft biological tissues further requires an understanding of the associated finite viscoelastic behavior at high rates.
In general, this is a challenge; biological materials are notoriously difficult to characterize due to a confluence of experimental challenges including a high level of compliance, spatial heterogeneity and rate-dependence of mechanical properties, and drastically different behaviors between \textit{ex-} and \textit{in-vivo} samples.
Past efforts to model the inertial cavitation in soft tissues and polymeric materials have ranged from simple, linear viscoelastic models \cite{yang-church_2005, hua-johnsen_2013} to models accounting for nonlinear viscosity \cite{allen-roy_2000, warnez-johnsen_2015} and nonlinear elasticity \cite{gaudron-etal_2015, yang-etal_2020}.
To incorporate biomechanically relevant viscoelastic models in the prediction of material response to inertial cavitation, a robust experimental characterization procedure is necessary to calibrate those constitutive models.
Pressure-induced cavitation rheology was introduced by Crosby and co-workers as an approach to probe the local elastic properties of soft materials.
A cavity of air or immiscible liquid is injected in the characterized media via a syringe pump and the elastic modulus is determined according to the pressure and bubble radius at the onset of mechanical instability.
The technique has been successfully applied to characterize elastic modulus and surface energy of soft matter including gels \cite{zimberlin-etal_2007, kundu-crosby_2009}, biological tissues \cite{zimberlin-etal_2010}, and individual cell spheroids \cite{blumlein-etal_2017}.
Extensions of the the pressure-induced cavitation rheology have been developed in recent years to investigate dynamic fracture \cite{milner-hutchens_2019,milner-hutchens_2021} and viscoelasticity at moderate strain rates up to $1 ~\rm{s}^{-1}$ ~\cite{chockalingam_2020}.
However, the applicability of these techniques to characterize material viscoelasticity at a higher range of strain rates is limited by the increased contribution from inertia and cavity asymmetry not captured by the governing theories.
The inertial microcavitation rheometry (IMR) technique as illustrated in Figure 1 has been demonstrated as a powerful alternative approach to characterize the local, rate-dependent properties of soft materials subjected to finite deformation at high strain rates exceeding \SI{e-3}{\s^{-1}} ~\cite{estrada-etal_2018, yang-etal_2020}.
In this approach, a laser-induced cavity is generated in a soft, transparent hydrogel or liquid and the bubble kinematics are recorded by an ultra-high-speed camera.
Coupled with the Keller-Miksis-based spherical inertial cavitation bubble model developed by Johnsen and coworkers \cite{warnez-johnsen_2015, gaudron-etal_2015, barajas-johnsen_2017}, the viscoelastic | 1.161915 | 1.573674 | 1.642591 | 2.397548 | [
1.301622159009308,
1.0222083714935608
] | [
1.48414228005687,
1.6632051381878419
] | [
1.652735961643901,
1.6324460334408268
] | [
2.6368740715594843,
2.158221942200954
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | 1,330,087 | 1,024 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
properties of the cavitated media are inversely characterized for a chosen material model.
As is typical for inverse characterization techniques, IMR requires extensive numerical simulations to achieve calibration of material parameters.
Simulations according to the inertial cavitation bubble model are repeated with varying material properties until the simulated bubble kinematics achieve a least-squares minimum in comparison to the experimental measurement.
The computational portion of this framework becomes increasingly time-consuming for complex viscoelastic models, as the required number of simulations scales exponentially with the number of independent parameters in the constitutive model.
Yet, soft polymers and tissues typically display viscoelastic behaviors that cannot generally be captured by the simple Kelvin-Voigt models used in our prior work \cite{estrada-etal_2018}.
The presence of complex microstructural features in the materials contribute to multiple inherent time scales and typically require a multi-term Maxwell rheological model with additional parameters per timescale \cite{bonfanti-etal_2020, chockalingam_2020}.
The inverse characterization of such advanced viscoelastic models cannot realistically proceed in a brute-force manner.
The present study approaches the aforementioned challenges by presenting a reduced-order approach to IMR.
Based on the observation that elastic effects in inertial cavitation are independent of bubble size while viscous effects are amplified at smaller length scales, an initial estimate of material parameters is obtained with a small number of simulations for only the first oscillatory cycle of the cavitation process.
Additionally, a subset of Schlieren imaging is incorporated in the experimental procedure to capture shock wave formation during the high-speed initial collapse of the cavitated bubble, thereby improving the time resolution for the estimated duration of the initial collapse.
The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated with reproduction of numerically-simulated inertial cavitation kinematics and accelerated experimental characterization of benchmark materials.
\section{Theory and Methods}
\subsection{Theoretical framework of bubble dynamics}
The inertial cavitation dynamics is described with a theoretical framework established in our previous work~\cite{estrada-etal_2018}.
Briefly, we consider the ensuing time evolution of a spherically symmetric bubble with limited compressibility, which is described by the Keller-Miksis equation ~\cite{keller-miksis_1980, barajas-johnsen_2017,estrada-etal_2018}, i.e.:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
& \(1-\frac{\dot{R}}{c}\)R\ddot{R} + \frac{3}{2} \(1-\frac{\dot{R}}{3c}\)\dot{R}^2 \\
&= \frac{1}{\rho}\(1+\frac{\dot{R}}{c}\) \(p_b - \frac{2\gamma}{R} + S - p_{\infty}\) + \frac{1}{\rho}\frac{R}{c}\dot{\overline{\(p_b - \frac{2\gamma}{R} + S \)}},
\end{aligned}
\label{eq:keller-miksis}
\end{align}
where $R(t)$ is the evolving bubble radius; overdots denote derivatives with respect to time; $\rho$ is the mass density of the surrounding material, which is assumed to be constant; $c$ is the longitudinal wave speed, which is assumed to be constant and equal to the speed of sound in water; $\gamma$ is the surface tension between the gaseous bubble contents and the surrounding medium; $p_b$ is the internal bubble pressure; $p_{\infty}(t)$ is the far-field pressure, which is assumed to be atmospheric; and $S$ is the stress integral of the deviatoric Cauchy stress $\bn{s}$ in the surrounding material, which is generally defined as:
\begin{align}
S &= \int_{R}^{\infty} \frac{2}{r}\(s_{rr}-s_{\theta\theta}\) dr,
\label{stress_intg}
\end{align}
where $s_{rr}$ and $s_{\theta\theta}$ are the radial and polar components of $\bn{s}$, respectively.
The deviatoric part of Cauchy stress is defined as $\bn{s} = \bn{\sigma} + p | 0.975639 | 0.428567 | 1.302735 | 2.55363 | [
1.2687499487133378,
0.6825288651018683
] | [
0.8824910767368046,
-0.025357613987222766
] | [
1.6324460334408268,
0.9730233668409168
] | [
2.5744411851214153,
2.532819260829369
] | 1,024 | [
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] | 1,330,087 | 2,048 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
\bn{I}$, where $\bn{\sigma}$ is the total Cauchy stress and $p = -\textnormal{tr}\(\bn{\sigma}\)$ is the hydrostatic pressure.
The initial growth phase of the bubble involves complex plasma physics causing significant thermodynamics changes inside the bubble \cite{akhatov-etal_2001}. Rather than model this process directly, the initial growth phase is only considered insofar as providing a reference state and experimentally informed growth rate for the material.
As in our prior work, we use the approximated state of the bubble at maximum expansion (i.e., the bubble is at ambient temperature and homobaric) and the amount of non-condensible gas at equilibrium to inform the remaining initial model parameters\cite{estrada-etal_2018}.
\subsubsection{Finite deformation constitutive equations for the surrounding medium}
The deformation kinematics of the viscoelastic medium surrounding the bubble is treated in a similar manner as in our previous work~\cite{estrada-etal_2018}.
We denote the equilibrium radius of the spherical bubble as $R_0$ and the referential radial coordinate for a material point in the medium to be $r_0$, where $r_0\in[R_0,\infty)$, is measured from the center of the bubble.
The time-dependent radius of the bubble wall is denoted as $R(t)$, while the deformed coordinate of a material point $r_0$ is denoted as $r(r_0,t)$.
Near-field incompressibility and spherical symmetry is assumed.
Introducing the hoop stretch, $\lambda = r/r_0$, we have the deformation gradient
\begin{align}
\[\bn{F}\]& = \begin{bmatrix} \lambda^{-2} & 0 & 0\\ 0 & \lambda & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \lambda \end{bmatrix},
\label{defm_gr2}
\end{align}
and the following incremental relation ~\cite{zhu-etal_2011,estrada-etal_2018}:
\begin{align}
\frac{dr}{r} &= \frac{d\lambda}{\lambda(1-\lambda^3)}.
\label{r_incr}
\end{align}
The stress field $\bn{s}$ and spatial stress integral $S$ resulting from the above deformation field varies according to the constitutive model assumed. Constitutive models considered in the present study are discussed below. Schematics of the constitutive models are presented in Figure \ref{fig:viscoelastic_schematics}.
\paragraph{Finite-deformation Kelvin-Voigt model}
The finite deformation Kelvin-Voigt model consists of a Neo-Hookean elastic response in parallel with a Newtonian viscous response.
The deviatoric stress response to material deformation is additively decomposed into elastic and viscous parts, $\bn{s} = \bn{s}^e + \bn{s}^v$.
This allows us to additively construct the stress integral term in the Kelvin-Voigt equation.
For an incompressible Neo-Hookean elastic material, we consider the strain energy density function
\begin{align}
\psi(\bn{F}) &= \frac{G}{2} \[ \textnormal{tr}\(\bn{FF}^T\)-3 \],
\end{align}
where $G$ is the ground-state shear modulus.
The non-zero components of the elastic deviatoric stress $\bn{s}^e$ are then
\begin{align}
s^e_{rr} = -2s^e_{\theta\theta} = \frac{2G}{3}\[ \lambda^{-4} - \lambda^2 \].
\end{align}
Then, using Equation \ref{r_incr} to perform a change of variables, the stress integral defined in Equation \ref{stress_intg} is evaluated for the Neo-Hookean elastic medium:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
S^e
&= 2G\int_{R/R_0}^{1} \(\lambda^{-5}-\lambda^{-2}\) d\lambda\\
&= \frac{G}{2}\[\(\frac{ | 0.108977 | -0.172189 | 0.686428 | 2.168627 | [
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] | 1,330,087 | 3,072 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
R_0}{R}\)^4+4\frac{R_0}{R}-5\].
\end{aligned}
\label{eq:nh_stressint}
\end{align}
For an incompressible Newtonian fluid, the Cauchy stress is expressed as
\begin{align}
\bn{\sigma} = 2\mu\bn{D} - p_0\bn{I},
\end{align}
where $\mu$ is the viscous shear modulus, $p_0$ is a hydrostatic pressure, and $\bn{D}$ is the rate of deformation tensor:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
\bn{D} &= \frac{1}{2} \(\dot{\bn{F}}\bn{F}^{-1}+\bn{F}^{-T}\dot{\bn{F}}^T\), \\
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
Noting that $\textnormal{tr}(\bn{D})=0$, the non-zero components of the viscous deviatoric Cauchy stress $\bn{s}^v = \bn{\sigma} - \textnormal{tr}\(\bn{\sigma}\)\bn{I}$ are then
\begin{align}
s_{rr}^v &=-2s^v_{\theta\theta}= -\frac{4\mu\dot{R}R^2}{r^3}.
\label{eq:newton_stress}
\end{align}
The corresponding viscous contribution to the stress integral is then:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
S^v
= -\frac{4\mu\dot{R}}{R}
\end{aligned}
\label{eq:newton_stressint}
\end{align}
Combining the elastic and viscous contributions, the overall stress integral in the finite deformation Kelvin-Voigt material is
\begin{align}
S = S^e + S^v &= \frac{G}{2}\[\(\frac{R_0}{R}\)^4+4\frac{R_0}{R}-5\] - \frac{4\mu\dot{R}}{R}
\end{align}
\paragraph{Standard nonlinear solid model}
The standard nonlinear solid model is a finite deformation generalization of the standard linear solid model, consisting of a Neo-Hookean elastic response in parallel with a Maxwell element.
The Neo-Hookean component corresponds to a ground-state equilibrium response, while the Maxwell component generates a non-equilibrium, time-dependent stress response with fading memory.
The deviatoric Cauchy stress is again additively decomposed into equilibrium and non-equilibrium parts, $\bn{s} = \bn{s}^{eq} + \bn{s}^{neq}$.
Schematically, a Maxwell element consists of an elastic spring in series with a viscous dashpot.
Under finite deformation, this results in a deformation gradient multiplicatively decomposed into elastic and viscous parts, i.e.:
\begin{align}
\bn{F} = \bn{F}^e \bn{F}^v,
\end{align}
which leads to a scalar decomposition of hoop stretch $\lambda = \lambda^e \lambda^v$ for the cavitation problem considered in the present study.
For ease of mathematical manipulation, we introduce the logarithmic Hencky strain ~\cite{hencky_1928, hencky_1931, holzapfel_2000}:
\begin{align}
\bn{E}^e &= \frac{1}{2}\ln{\(\bn{F}^{eT}\bn{F}^{e}\)}
\end{align}
and, accordingly, express the free energy density function of the elastic spring as
\begin{align}
\psi\(\bn{E}^e\) &= G_1 |\textnormal{dev}\(\bn{E}^e\)|^2,
\end{align}
where $G_1$ is the associated shear modulus of the elastic Hencky spring.
The non-zero components of the deviatoric Cauchy stress are:
\begin{align}
s^{neq}_{rr} = -2s^{neq}_{\theta\theta} &= -4{G_1}\ln{\lambda^e}.
\end{ | 0.345589 | -0.00387 | 0.777733 | 2.355926 | [
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] | 1,330,087 | 4,096 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
align}
For the viscous part of the Maxwell element, we adopt the Newtonian fluid formulation presented in Equation \ref{eq:newton_stress}, with viscous modulus again written as $\mu$. Given stress equivalence in the elastic and viscous parts of the Maxwell element, we have the following relationship between the elastic, viscous, and total stretch:
\begin{align}
\frac{\dot{\lambda}}{\lambda} - \frac{\dot{\lambda}^e}{\lambda^e}
= \frac{1}{\tau_1} \ln{\lambda^e}
\label{maxwell_evol}
\end{align}
where $\tau_1 = \mu/G_1$ is an inherent time scale describing the relaxation of the Maxwell element. Equation \ref{maxwell_evol} can be rewritten in the form of stress evolution:
\begin{align}
\dot{s}^{neq}_{\theta\theta} + \frac{1}{\tau_1}s^{neq}_{\theta\theta} = 2{G_1}\frac{\dot{\lambda}}{\lambda},
\label{max_evol_alt}
\end{align}
To obtain the stress integral, we perform the following operation on the stress evolution equation:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
\frac{d}{dt}\(e^{t/\tau_1} s^{neq}_{\theta\theta}\) &= e^{t/\tau_1}\[\frac{s^{neq}_{\theta\theta}}{\tau_1} + \dot{s}^{neq}_{\theta\theta}\] \\
s^{neq}_{\theta\theta}(t) &= \int_{-\infty}^{t} e^{(z-t)/\tau_1}\[\frac{s^{neq}_{\theta\theta}(z)}{\tau_1} + \dot{s}^{neq}_{\theta\theta}(z)\] dz \\
s^{neq}_{\theta\theta}(t) &= -4G_1 \int_{-\infty}^{t} e^{(z-t)/\tau_1}\(\frac{\dot{\lambda}(z)}{\lambda(z)}\) dz
\end{aligned}
\label{eq:maxwell_stress}
\end{align}
Accordingly, the stress integral in the Keller-Miksis equation can be evaluated for the Maxwell element:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
S^{neq}
&= -12{G_1}\int_{R}^{\infty} \frac{1}{r(t)}\[{\int_{-\infty}^{t} e^{(z-t)/\tau_1}\frac{v_r(z)}{r(z)} dz}\] dr,
\end{aligned}
\label{maxwell_stress-int-1}
\end{align}
where $v_r(z)$ is the radial velocity.
It can be seen from Equation \ref{maxwell_stress-int-1} that the Maxwell element experiences an exponentially decaying stress response to deformation.
During the characteristic time scale of $\tau_1$, the stress response to an instantaneous strain drops to $1/e$ of its initial value. The numerical evaluation of the stress integral is discussed further in the Numerical Methods section.
\paragraph{Fractional viscoelasticity}
Another form of material with fading memory is the fractional viscoelastic ``springpot''.
This model reflects a power-law viscoelastic response corresponding to a broad, continuous distribution of relaxation time scales in the material~\cite{bonfanti-etal_2020}.
The fractional Kelvin-Voigt model, consisting of a Neo-Hookean spring and a fractional viscoelastic springpot in parallel, has previously been applied to model gels~\cite{bouzid-etal_2018,choudhury-etal_2012,meral-etal_2010} and biological tissues~\cite{zhang-etal_2008,kiss-etal_2004,zhang-etal_2020}.
Similar to the standard nonlinear solid model, the deviatoric Cauchy stress in the fractional Kelvin-Voigt model is additively decomposed into equilibrium and non-equilibrium parts, $\bn{s} = \bn{s}^{eq} + \bn{s}^{neq | 0.67979 | 0.021646 | 1.10998 | 2.251871 | [
0.5565187256339824,
0.8030603028537592
] | [
-0.3664723587267242,
0.40976513127103886
] | [
1.0541830796532135,
1.1657776847701213
] | [
2.3247096393691384,
2.1790329043469767
] | 1,024 | [
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] | 1,330,087 | 5,120 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
}$.
Here we adopt the Caputo definition of fractional derivative~\cite{caputo_1967, caputo-mainardi_1971}:
\begin{align}
D^{\alpha}y(t)=\frac{d^\alpha}{dt^\alpha} y(t) &= \frac{1}{\Gamma\(1-\alpha\)} \int_{-\infty}^{t} \frac{d}{ds} y(s) (t-s)^{-\alpha} ds,
\label{eq:fd_stress}
\end{align}
which exhibits a form of convolution integral similar to the governing equation of the aforementioned Maxwell element, with a power law function describing the fading memory.
We consider a finite viscoelasticity model based on this concept of fractional derivative, previously studied by Haupt and Lion~\cite{haupt-lion_2002}.
The constitutive relation is described as
\begin{align}
\bm{\sigma} = \mu_{\alpha} \bn{F}D^{\alpha}\(\bn{I}-\bn{F}^{-1}\bn{F}^{-T}\)\bn{F}^T - p_0\bn{I},
\end{align}
where $\mu_\alpha = G_0\tau_0^{\alpha}$ is a viscoelastic shear modulus with a unit of $\rm{Pa}\cdot{s}^{\alpha}$.
By considering the $\alpha=0$ and $\alpha=1$ cases, we see that the fractional viscoelastic material transitions between a Neo-Hookean solid and Newtonian fluid:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
\bm{\sigma} &=\mu_{\alpha}\bn{F}\bn{F}^T - p_1\bn{I} & \(\alpha = 0,~\textnormal{elastic solid}\)\\
\bm{\sigma} &=2\mu_{\alpha}\bn{D} - p_2\bn{I} & \(\alpha = 1,~\textnormal{Newtonian fluid}\).
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
It can be seen that the viscoelastic modulus becomes an elastic modulus at the purely elastic extreme---i.e., $\mu_{\alpha=0}=G_e$.
At the purely viscous extreme, the viscoelastic modulus becomes a viscous modulus---i.e., $\mu_{\alpha=1}=G_0\tau_0=\mu_v$.
Therefore, the viscoelastic modulus can also be viewed as a quantity that transitions between $G_e$ and $\mu_v$ as the material behavior transitions between pure elasticity and pure viscosity.
For the inertial cavitation problem considered in the present study, the non-zero components of the deviatoric Cauchy stress can be evaluated for a fractional viscoelastic material:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
s^{neq}_{\theta\theta} = -\frac{s^{neq}_{rr}}{2} = &\frac{\mu_{\alpha}}{3} {\big[} D^{\alpha}(1)\(\lambda^2-\lambda^{-4}\) \\
& + D^{\alpha}\(\lambda^4\)\lambda^{-4}-D^{\alpha}\(\lambda^{-2}\)\lambda^2 \big{]}
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
in which the term $D^{\alpha}(1)$ is equal to zero when the material is non-elastic---i.e., $\alpha\neq 0$. For brevity, we neglect the purely elastic case and evaluate the stress integral for cases in which $0<\alpha\leq 1$:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
S^{neq}
&= \mu_{\alpha}\int_{R}^{\infty} \frac{1}{r(t)}\[D^{\alpha}\(\lambda^{-2}\)\lambda^2- D^{\alpha}\(\lambda^4\)\lambda^{-4} \] dr
\end{aligned}
\label{fd_stress-int-1}
\end{align}
The numerical evaluation of the stress integral is discussed further in the Numerical Methods section.
The stress integral expression for the ground-state Neo-Hookean, Newtonian, Maxwell, and springpot responses, developed above, are summarized in Table \ref{tab:stress-integral_summary}.
\begin{table*}[t]
\caption | 0.863326 | 0.143857 | 0.937516 | 2.314304 | [
1.0769953886535113,
0.6496566548058981
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0.17519278711946573,
0.11252078677362556
] | [
1.013603223247065,
0.8614287617240091
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2.449575412245277,
2.1790329043469767
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] | 1,330,087 | 6,144 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
{Stress integral due to different material models.}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{2}
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\cline{1-3}
Material model & Parameters & Stress Integral, $S$ \\ \cline{1-3}
Neo-Hookean & $G$ & $\frac{G}{2}\[\(\frac{R_0}{R}\)^4 + 4\frac{R_0}{R} -5 \] $ \\
Newtonian & $\mu$ & $ \frac{-4\mu\dot{R}}{R}$ \\
Maxwell & $\mu$, $G_1 = \mu/\tau_1$ & $-12{G_1}\int_{R}^{\infty} \frac{1}{r(t)}\[{\int_{-\infty}^{t} e^{(z-t)/\tau_1}\frac{v(z)}{r(z)} dz}\] dr$ \\
Springpot & $\mu_\alpha$, $\alpha$ & $\mu_{\alpha}\int_{R}^{\infty} \frac{1}{r(t)}\[D^{\alpha}\(\lambda^{-2}\)\lambda^2- D^{\alpha}\(\lambda^4\)\lambda^{-4} dr \]$
\\ \cline{1-3}
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:stress-integral_summary}
\end{table*}
\begin{figure}[tp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{figures/Updated_Figures/Figure_2.pdf}
\vspace{-1em}
\caption{Spring and dashpot models of viscoelastic materials investigated in this work, including (a) Kelvin-Voigt, (b) Fractional Kelvin-Voigt, (c) Standard Non-linear solid, and the (d) Generalized Maxwell models.}
\label{fig:viscoelastic_schematics}
\end{figure}
\subsubsection{Bubble internal pressure}
Following previous works~\cite{barajas-johnsen_2017, estrada-etal_2018}, we treat the bubble contents as a mixture of water vapor and non-condensible gas in a homobaric state and assume they follow the ideal gas law.
The mass diffusion of the bubble contents is assumed to obey Fick's law, i.e.:
\begin{align}
j_v = -j_g &= -{\rho_m}{D}\fracp{k}{r},
\end{align}
where $j_v$ and $j_g$ are the radial mass fluxes of the water vapor and non-condensible gas, respectively; $\rho_m$ is the density of the mixture; $D$ is a constant binary diffusion coefficient; and $k = \rho_v/\rho_m$ is the mass fraction of the vapor.
The heat transfer of the bubble contents is assumed to obey Fourier's law, i.e.:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
\rho_m & \[k\(\fracp{h_v}{t} + v_m\fracp{h_v}{r}\) +\(1-k\)\(\fracp{h_g}{t}+v_m\fracp{h_g}{r}\)\] \\
&= \dot{p}_b + \frac{1}{r^2}\fracp{}{r}\(r^2 K \fracp{T}{r}\) - j_v \fracp{}{r}\(h_v - h_g\),
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
where $h_v$ and $h_g$ are the specific enthalpies of the water vapor and non-condensible gas; $v_m(r,t)$ is the radial mixture velocity; $T(r,t)$ is the temperature, which is assumed to be equal between the water vapor and non-condensible gas for a given radial coordinate $r$ and time $t$; and $K(T) = AT+B$ is the thermal conductivity of the mixture, which is assumed to scale linearly with temperature, following the approach of Prosperetti et al.~\cite{prosperetti-etal_1988}.
\subsection{Numerical Methods}
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] | 1,330,087 | 7,168 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
figure}[tp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{figures/Updated_Figures/Figure_3.pdf}
\vspace{-1em}
\caption{(a) Illustration of spatial mesh deformation during cavitation, with numerical integration error increasing during bubble collapse due to elongated mesh. (b) Illustration of convergence for the numerical solution over different spatial mesh densities for $\mu_\alpha = 1.0 {\rm{Pa}}\cdot{\rm{s}}^\alpha$, $\alpha = 0.7$. From dark purple to light green, the number of elements in the mesh varies from 75 to 8553, with 8 total increments. The selected mesh with 2145 nodes was sufficient to within
0.1\% error for spatial integration using trapezoidal method.}
\label{fig:num_meth}
\end{figure}
\subsubsection{Non-dimensionalization}
To obtain a generalized description of the cavitation process and clarify the interactions between material parameters, we perform non-dimensionalization of the governing equations as in prior work~\cite{estrada-etal_2018,barajas-johnsen_2017}.
The system is non-dimensionalized using the maximum bubble radius $R_{\max}$, the far-field pressure $p_{\infty}$, the surrounding material density $\rho$, and the far-field temperature $T_{\infty}$.
A characteristic velocity $v_c = \sqrt{p_{\infty}/\rho}$ is defined accordingly, allowing for dimensionless quantities to be constructed as summarized in Table \ref{tab:nondim}.
The dimensionless Keller-Miksis equation describing the evolution of the dimensionless bubble radius $R^*(t^*)$ is:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
\(1-\frac{\dot{R}^*}{c^*}\) R^* \ddot{R}^* &+ \frac{3}{2}\(1-\frac{\dot{R}^*}{3c^*}\)\dot{R}^{*2} \\
= \(1+\frac{\dot{R}^*}{c^*}\) & \(p_b^* - \frac{1}{\textnormal{We}R^*} + S^* -1\) \\
&+ \frac{R^*}{c^*} \dot{\overline{\(p_b^* - \frac{1}{\textnormal{We}R^*} + S^*\)}}
\end{aligned}
\label{nondim_km}
\end{align}
\begin{table*}[t]
\caption{Dimensionless quantities.}
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\cline{1-3}
Dimensional & Dimensionless & \\
quantity & quantity & Name \\ \cline{1-3}
$t$ & $t^{*} = tv_c/R_{\max}$ & Time\\
$R$ & $R^{*} = R/R_{\max}$ & Bubble-wall radius\\
$R_0$ & $R_0^{*} = R_0/R_{\max}$ & Equilibrium bubble-wall radius\\
$c$ & $c^{*} = c/v_c$ & Material wave speed\\
$p_b$ & $p_b^{*} = p_b/p_{\infty}$ & Bubble pressure\\
$\gamma$ & $\textnormal{We} = p_{\infty}R_{\max}/(2\gamma)$ & Weber number\\
$S$ & $S^* = S/p_{\infty}$ & Stress integral\\
$G$ & $\textnormal{Ca} = p_{\infty}/G$ & Cauchy number\\
$\mu$ & $\textnormal{Re} = \rho v_c R_{\max}/\mu$ & Reynolds number\\
$G_1/\mu$ & $\textnormal{De} = \mu v_c/(G_1 R_{\max})$ & Deborah number\\
$\mu_{\alpha}$ & $\textnormal{Ze} = {p_{\infty}^{1-\alpha/2}}{\rho^{\alpha/2}}{R_{\max}^{\alpha}}/\mu_{\alpha}$ & Zener number\\
$\textnormal{D}$ & $\text | -0.549665 | -0.711168 | -0.192776 | 1.357 | [
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] | [
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] | [
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] | 1,330,087 | 8,192 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
normal{Fo} = D/(v_c R_{\max})$ & Mass Fourier number\\
$T$ & $T^* = T/T_{\infty}$ & Temperature\\
$K$ & $K^* = K/K(T_{\infty})$ & Mixture thermal conductivity\\
$K(T_{\infty})T_{\infty}$ & $\chi = K(T_{\infty})T_{\infty}/(p_{\infty} v_c R_{\max})$ & Lockhart-Martinelli number\\
$p_{v,sat}(T_{\infty})$ & $p_{v,sat}^* = p_{v,sat}(T_{\infty})/p_{\infty}$ & Vapor saturation pressure
\\ \cline{1-3}
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:nondim}
\end{table*}
\subsubsection{Integral Evaluation}
Given that the history of bubble radius is evaluated numerically, numerical integration must be performed both spatially and temporally to evaluate the stress integral term $S$ when the Maxwell and springpot viscoelastic models are used.
For the Maxwell model, Equation \ref{maxwell_stress-int-1} may be rewritten as
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
S &= -12{G_1}\int_{R}^{\infty} \frac{1}{r(r_0,t)} q(r_0,t) dr , \\
q(r_0,t) &= {\int_{-\infty}^{t} e^{(s-t)/\tau_1}\frac{v_r(r_0,s)}{r(r_0,s)} ds}.
\end{aligned}
\label{eq:maxwell-nondim}
\end{align}
Assuming a temporal increment of $\Delta t$ between two consecutive time steps, the updated value of $q(r_0,t+\Delta t)$ is
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
q(r_0,t+\Delta t) & = {\int_{-\infty}^{t+\Delta t} e^{(s-t-\Delta t)/\tau_1}\frac{v_r(r_0,s)}{r(r_0,s)} ds}\\
& = q(r_0,t) e^{-\Delta t/\tau_1} + {\int_{t}^{t+\Delta t} e^{(s-t-\Delta t)/\tau_1}\frac{v_r(r_0,s)}{r(r_0,s)} ds}.
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
For the purpose of numerical integration, only the most recent value of $q(r_0,t)$ needs to be tracked. The computational cost of the time integration for the Maxwell model does not increase with the duration of cavitation history simulated.
For the fractional viscoelastic model, Equation \ref{fd_stress-int-1} is numerically integrated to evaluate the stress integral. In particular, the fractional derivative functions, corresponding to gradual relaxation of stress, are evaluated through numerical time integration. Here, we evaluate the fractional derivative of a function $y(t)$ over non-uniform time steps according to a procedure introduced by Zhang et al.~\cite{zhang-etal_2014}:
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
D^{\alpha}(y) &= \frac{1}{\Gamma(1-\alpha)}\int_{-\infty}^{t} \frac{dy}{ds} (t-s)^{-\alpha} ds\\
&\approx \frac{1}{\Gamma(2-\alpha)}\sum_{k = 1}^{n} \dot{y}_k \Psi_k
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
\begin{align}
\Psi_k &= \[(t-t_{k-1})^{1-\alpha}-(t-t_k)^{1-\alpha}\]
\end{align}
in which the property $\Gamma(x+1) = x\cdot\Gamma(x)$ is used. Correspondingly, the stress integral for the fractional viscoelastic model is rewritten in its approximate form as
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
S &\approx \frac{\mu_{\alpha}}{\Gamma(2-\alpha)}\int_{R}^{\infty} \frac{1}{r(r | -0.480079 | -0.635514 | 0.196934 | 1.648353 | [
-0.8186354050807731,
-0.14152351604808905
] | [
-0.38795990170244077,
-0.883068704434578
] | [
0.0498316336010429,
0.3440355925456181
] | [
1.4194327860171347,
1.8772739532296423
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | 1,330,087 | 9,216 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
_0,t)} \\
& \[ \lambda^2(r_0,t) \(\sum_{k=1}^{n} \Psi_k \dot{\overline{\lambda^2}} \) - \lambda^{-4}(r_0,t) \(\sum_{k=1}^{n} \Psi_k \dot{\overline{\lambda^{-4}}} \) \] dr
\end{aligned}
\label{eq:fd-nondim}
\end{align}
Evaluation of $\Psi_k$ must be performed for all $k \in [1,n]$ at the $n$-th temporal step. As a result, the computational cost of the time integration of models incorporating fractional elements increases with the number of temporal steps taken.
For the non-dimensionalized form of the Keller-Miksis equation, we define a dimensionless fractional modulus and name it the \textit{Zener number}:
\begin{align}
\rm{Ze} & = \frac{{p_{\infty}^{1-\alpha/2}}{\rho^{\alpha/2}}{R_{\max}^{\alpha}}}{\mu_\alpha}
\end{align}
For the cases where $\alpha = 0$ and $1$, the Zener number is equivalent to the Cauchy number and Reynolds number, respectively.
Since the stress integral is evaluated across the deformed radial coordinate $r(r_0)$, a spatial mesh of $r_0$ must be selected such that the evaluation of Equations \ref{eq:maxwell-nondim} and \ref{eq:fd-nondim} remains accurate for the typical range of $\lambda$ and $\dot{\lambda}$ observed in IMR. As illustrated in Figure \ref{fig:num_meth}, the spacing between consecutive spatial nodes increases when the cavitated bubble collapses. We note that, due to spherical symmetry, we need only refine the mesh in 1D; Figure \ref{fig:num_meth} shows a 2D representation for ease of visualization.
For the trapezoidal method, the numerical integration of a twice-continuously differential function $f(r)$ across a single spatial mesh between $r = r_a$ and $r = r_b$ has the error~\cite{kreyszig_2011}
\begin{align}
\int_{r_a}^{r_b}f(r) dr - T(f(r)) = - \frac{f''(r_c)}{12} h^3 = \epsilon \int_{r_a}^{r_b}f(r) dr
\end{align}
where $r_c \in [r_a,r_b]$, $h = r_b - r_a$ is the mesh size, and $T(f(r))$ is the numerical approximation. Accordingly, the spatial mesh size at coordinate $r$ must satisfy
\begin{align}
h(r) = \sqrt{12 \epsilon_0 f(r)/f''(r)}
\end{align}
to achieve an overall numerical error of $\epsilon \approx \epsilon_0$. In the present study, a spatial mesh of $r_0 \in [R_0,100~R_0]$ with 2,145 nodes is selected so that $\epsilon_0 = 10^{-3}$ is enforced for both the integrands in Equations \ref{eq:nh_stressint} and \ref{eq:newton_stressint} (i.e., the purely elastic and viscous extreme cases) when $R/R_0 > 0.1$.
\subsection{Experiments}
The working principle of the microcavitation experiments follows the spirit of that introduced by Estrada et al.~\cite{estrada-etal_2018}, with three main advancements of (1) split-view imaging (green), (2) shadowgraphy and ghost imaging (blue), and (3) incident beam shaping, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:Setup}.
During each experiment, a single microcavitation bubble was generated via one pulse of a user-adjustable 1–50 \SI{}{\milli\joule}, frequency-doubled Q-switched \SI{532}{\nano\meter} Nd:YAG laser (Continuum, San Jose, CA).
Single-sensor, two-perspective imaging was performed at approximately 1 million frames per second (Mf | 0.29765 | -0.462607 | 0.544399 | 1.970923 | [
0.26340818382824766,
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] | [
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] | [
0.5012825361194428,
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] | 1,330,087 | 10,240 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
ps) using a Shimazdu HPV-X2 (Tokyo, Japan).
By illuminating and imaging the laser-induced-cavitation bubble dynamics with two orthogonal imaging paths, we ensure the setup is generating spherically symmetric bubbles. The use of a spatial light modulator(SLM) (Holoeye, Berlin, German) allows for higher control over the last pulse shape and energy.\cite{quinto2010}
Using our own custom Inertial Cavitation Acquisition (InCA) software, collected images from the axial and transverse perspectives can be separately analyzed for bubble kinematics.
For the present study, the average spherical radii over time were used to perform viscoelastic model calibration.
To measure the wave speed in the medium, we deployed two imaging techniques simultaneously: laser shadowgraphy~\cite{traldi2018schlieren} and ghost-imaging~\cite{agrevz2020high}.
Shadowgraphy (a form of Schlieren) imaging is performed by manipulating the backlighting path to capture variation in density due the compressive shockwave, allowing us to capture the physical location of the pressure wave during cavitation and collapse of the bubble. Ghost imaging is achieved by triggering the strobed backlight a user-defined number of times per camera exposure, usually 2 or 3 per frame.
Polyacrylamide gels for characterization purposes were prepared at a concentration of 10/0.06\% acrylamide/bisacrylamide according to previously developed protocols~\cite{tse2010preparation, estrada-etal_2018}.
The polyacrylamide gels were cast in square 5mL polystyrene spectrophotometer cuvettes and cured for 45 minutes.
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{figures/Setup.pdf}
\caption{The experimental setup generates, records, and profiles single laser-induced microcavitation (LIC) bubble events in soft hydrogels and materials using a combination of a class-4, frequency-doubled Q-switched 532 nm Nd:YAG pulsed laser, high speed imaging camera and a spatial light modulator.}
\label{fig:Setup}
\end{figure}
\section{Reduced-order modeling}
In our previous work~\cite{estrada-etal_2018}, viscoelastic model calibration was achieved by sweeping over a realistic range of parametric values and evaluating the least-squares error between the bubble deformation history in each simulation and the experimental data.
This procedure becomes cost prohibitive as the total number of parameters increases for advanced viscoelastic models reflecting complex time-dependent behaviors.
Therefore, it is beneficial to (a) decrease the total number of material parameters that require calibration and (b) reduce the range of parameteric values in which sweeping is performed.
The former motivates the use of a constitutive model such as the fractional viscoelastic springpot, which captures power-law stress relaxation with much fewer parameters than the generalized Maxwell framework.
The latter can be achieved by developing a physics-based reduced-order model for the bubble radius evolution, which would produce an initial estimate of the viscoelastic model parameter values.
In this section, we present such a reduced-order procedure, which will be referred to as RO-IMR from here onward.
\subsection{Effect of elasticity, viscosity, and viscoelasticity on initial collapse duration}
First, we consider the inertial cavitation in a Neo-Hookean elastic solid.
By re-arranging the Keller-Miksis equation (i.e., Equation \ref{eq:keller-miksis}), we can express the instantaneous acceleration of the bubble wall as
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
\displaystyle
\ddot{R} &= \frac{1}{\(1-\frac{\dot{R}}{c}\)R} \left[ \frac{1}{\rho}\(1+\frac{\dot{R}}{c}\) \(p_b - \frac{2\gamma}{R} + S - p_{\infty}\) \right.\\
& \left. + \ | 0.514744 | 0.491351 | 0.742225 | 1.684773 | [
0.9564639509016203,
0.07302329919741991
] | [
1.2764293646249427,
-0.29372807261101685
] | [
0.993313295043991,
0.49113757201790575
] | [
1.7315972182074808,
1.6379478885503769
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] | 1,330,087 | 11,264 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
frac{1}{\rho}\frac{R}{c}\dot{\overline{\(p_b - \frac{2\gamma}{R} + S \) }}- \frac{3}{2} \(1-\frac{\dot{R}}{3c}\)\dot{R}^2 \right]
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
in which only $S$ and $\dot{S}$ depend on the elastic modulus $G$, as shown in Equation \ref{eq:nh_stressint}. Accordingly, we propose a linearized approximation of the form
\begin{align}
\frac{\ddot{R}(G)}{\ddot{R}^{inv}}
= 1 + \frac{G}{G_0}
\end{align}
where $\ddot{R}^{inv}$ is the acceleration when the cavitating medium is inviscid ($G = 0$) and $G_0$ is a scaling parameter.
We denote the time elapsed between when the bubble wall reaches the maximum radius of $R_{\max}$ and when it decelerates to a velocity of zero as the initial collapse time $\check{t}_1$.
We surmise that the collapse process is analogous to the dynamic motion of a simple gravity pendulum with length scale $l$ subjected to acceleration $g$. The pendulum completes a cycle of swinging over a time period of $T\approx2\pi\sqrt{l/g}$.
Assuming accordingly that $\check{t}_1 \propto 1/\sqrt{\ddot{R}(G)}$ for the collapsing bubble, an approximate scaling law for the initial collapse time is proposed as
\begin{align}
\check{t}_1(G) = \check{t}_1^{inv}\(1+\frac{G}{G_0}\)^{-1/2}
\label{NH-scaling}
\end{align}
where $\check{t}_1^{inv}$ is the initial collapse time in an inviscid material.
To validate the scaling law, simulations were performed for cavitation in a Neo-Hookean elastic material with elastic modulus $G$ ranging from $10^3$ to $10^7$\SI{}{\pascal} with $R_{\max} = \SI{100}{\um}$.
The time history is shown in Figure \ref{fig:RO_scaling_nh+newtonian}a, indicating a monotonic decrease of $\check{t}_1(G)$ following the increase of $G$.
The linear relation between $\sqrt{\check{t}_1^{inv}/\check{t}_1(G)} - 1$ and $G$ shown in Figure \ref{fig:RO_scaling_nh+newtonian}c confirms the effectiveness of the proposed scaling law.
\begin{figure}[tp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{figures/Updated_Figures/Figure_5.pdf}
\vspace{-1em}
\caption{Time history of bubble evolution for a (a) Neo-Hookean model with elastic modulus ranging from $10^3$ (${\rm{Ca}} = 100$) to $10^7$ Pa (${\rm{Ca}} = 0.01$) and (b) Newtonian model with viscous modulus ranging from $10^{-4}$ (${\rm{Re}} = 10^4$) to 1 \SI{}{\pascal.\second} (${\rm{Re}} = 1$).
Scaling of initial collapse time $\check{t}_1$ for the corresponding (c) Neo-Hookean and (d) Newtonian materials.
}
\label{fig:RO_scaling_nh+newtonian}
\end{figure}
Similarly, we propose a scaling law for the initial collapse time in Newtonian viscous fluid:
\begin{align}
\check{t}_1(\mu) = \check{t}_1^{inv}\(1-\frac{\mu}{\mu_0}\)^{-1/2}
\label{eq:NewtRO}
\end{align}
Here, the addition of viscosity dampens the system and extends the initial collapse time.
The validity of the scaling is confirmed in Figure \ref{fig:RO_scaling_nh+newtonian}. | 0.471599 | -0.114721 | 0.574834 | 1.866868 | [
0.4140724810181113,
0.5291252170540072
] | [
-0.24168792946670314,
0.012245586220281325
] | [
0.5114275002209799,
0.6382395514901934
] | [
2.0541671314708383,
1.679569812842423
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | 1,330,087 | 12,288 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
We further extend the scaling law to the cases of the Maxwell and the fractional viscoelastic models.
Given a constant relaxation parameter, $\tau_1$ or $\alpha$, we expect the initial collapse time $\check{t}_1$ to follow the relation
\begin{align}
\check{t}_1(\mu,\tau_1) &= \check{t}_1^{inv}\(1-\frac{\mu}{\mu_0}\)^{-1/2} && \textnormal{(Maxwell model)} \label{eq:maxwell_scaling}\\
\check{t}_1(\mu_\alpha,\alpha) &= \check{t}_1^{inv}\(1 - \frac{\mu_\alpha}{\mu_{\alpha 0}}\)^{-1/2} && \textnormal{(Springpot model)}
\label{eq:fd_scaling}
\end{align}
For the case of the fractional viscoelastic model, the transition of $\alpha$ from $1$ to $0$ corresponds to a transition from a Newtonian fluid to a Neo-Hookean solid.
As shown in Fig. \ref{fig:RO_scaling_fd}, a springpot model with a large $\alpha$ will slow down the initial collapse process and increase $\check{t}_1$ with increasing $\mu_\alpha$, similar to a Newtonian model. A springpot model with a small $\alpha$ will speed up the initial collapse process and decrease $\check{t}_1$ with increasing $\mu_\alpha$, similar to a Neo-Hookean model. In Equation \ref{eq:fd_scaling}, the scaling parameter $\mu_{\alpha0}$ will be a positive value for a large $\alpha$ and a negative value for small $\alpha$.
It should be noted, however, that the proposed scaling law for $\check{t}_1$ is only effective for materials with a low to moderate level of viscosity.
In the case of a Newtonian fluid, as seen in Figure \ref{fig:RO_scaling_nh+newtonian}, high viscosity leads to overdamping of the dynamic system.
As a result, the bubble wall radius no longer oscillates over time but instead gradually relax from $R_{\max}$ to $R_{eq}$.
For the Maxwell viscoelastic model, the fading memory of the material contributes to a more complex time-dependent response.
It is observed that the deviation from the scaling law generally occurs at $\rm{Re}<10$.
For cavitation experiments with $R_{\max} \approx 100{\ }\rm{\mu m}$, this imposes an upper bound of $\mu \approx 0.10$ Pa$\cdot$s for accurate reduced-order calibration of Maxwell models.
This upper bound for $\mu$ increases linearly with $R_{\max}$ of the performed experiment.
For a Kelvin-Voigt framework, we expect the combined effect of the material parameters to be multiplicative, i.e.
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
\check{t}_1(G, \mu) &= \check{t}_1^{inv}\(1+\frac{G}{G_0}\)^{-1/2}\(1-\frac{\mu}{\mu_0}\)^{-1/2}.
\end{aligned}
\label{eqn:KV-scaling}
\end{align}
\begin{figure}[tb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{figures/Updated_Figures/Figure_6.pdf}
\vspace{-1em}
\caption{
Time history of bubble evolution for Maxwell models with viscous modulus ranging from $10^{-4}$ (${\rm{Re}} = 10^4$) to 1 Pa$\cdot$s (${\rm{Re}} = 1$) and relaxation time scales of (a) $\tau = 10^{-6}~\rm{s}$ (${\rm{De}}=0.1$), (b) $\tau = 10^{-5}~\rm{s}$ (${\rm{De}}=1$), and (c) $\tau = 10^{-4}~\rm{s}$ (${\rm{De}}=10$).
(d) Scaling of initial collapse time $\check{t}_1$ with the viscous modulus for Maxwell models with $\rm{De}$ ranging from $10^{-3}$ to $1 | 0.493514 | -0.004765 | 0.600196 | 2.012545 | [
0.7263584788298286,
0.2606688329702501
] | [
-0.0002888138488867053,
-0.009241956755435298
] | [
0.851283797622472,
0.34910807459638665
] | [
2.1790329043469767,
1.8460575100106076
] | 1,024 | [
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] | 1,330,087 | 13,312 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
0^{3}$.
}
\label{fig:RO_scaling_maxwell}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[tb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]
{figures/Updated_Figures/Figure_7.pdf}
\vspace{-1em}
\caption{
Time history of bubble evolution for fractional viscoelastic springpot models with nondimensional modulus $\rm{Ze}$ ranging from 1 to $10^{4}$ and $\alpha$ values of (a) 0.5 and (b) 0.9.
(c) Scaling of initial collapse time $\check{t}_1$ with $\rm{Ze}$ for springpot models with $\alpha$ ranging from 0.01 to 0.5. (d) Scaling of initial collapse time $\check{t}_1$ with $\rm{Ze}$ for springpot models with $\alpha$ ranging from 0.7 to 0.99.
}
\label{fig:RO_scaling_fd}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Model calibration according to initial collapse time}
The non-dimensionalized parameters summarized in Table \ref{tab:nondim} show that the dimensionless elasticity of the system $\textnormal{Ca} = p_{\infty}/G$ is independent of the bubble size scale $R_{\max}$, while the dimensionless viscosity $\textnormal{Re}$ scales with $R_{\max}$ when $\mu$ is held constant.
That is, the same material displays stronger viscous effects (i.e., lower $\textnormal{Re}$) when the cavitating bubble is smaller, causing the dimensionless governing equation \ref{nondim_km} to evolve differently.
Taking advantage of this effect, a Kelvin-Voigt model, consisting of a Neo-Hookean spring and a Newtonian dashpot in parallel, can be calibrated according to experiments performed at two different length scales $R_{\max}^{A}$ and $R_{\max}^{B}$.
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
\(1+\frac{G}{G_0^A}\)\(1-\frac{\mu}{\mu_0^A}\) &= \(\frac{\check{t}_1^{A,inv}}{\check{t}_1^A}\)^2\\
\(1+\frac{G}{G_0^B}\)\(1-\frac{\mu}{\mu_0^B}\) &= \(\frac{\check{t}_1^{B,inv}}{\check{t}_1^B}\)^2\\
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
The exact solution to this pair of equations is
\begin{align}
\begin{aligned}
G &= \frac{\pm a + b - c_A + c_B}{2(\mu^A_0 - \mu^B_0)}\\
\mu &= \frac{\pm a + b + c_A - c_B}{2(G^A_0 - G^B_0)}
\end{aligned}
\label{eqn:ro_calib}
\end{align}
where
\begin{align*}
a &= {\Big{[}} \(-G_0^A \mu_0^B + G_0^B \mu_0^A + c_A - c_B \)^2 \\
& - 4 \(\mu_0^A - \mu_0^B \) \(G_0^B c_A - G_0^A c_B\) {\Big{]}}^{1/2} \\
b &= G^A_0 \mu^B_0 - G^B_0 \mu^A_0 \\
c_A &= G^A_0 \mu^A_0 \[1-\( \frac{\check{t}_1^{A,inv}}{\check{t}_1^A} \)^2\] \\
c_B &= G^B_0 \mu^B_0 \[1-\( \frac{\check{t}_1^{B,inv}}{\check{t}_1^B} \)^2\].
\end{align*}
This results in two sets of solutions. Only one set of solution corresponds to realistic, positive values of $G$ and $\mu$.
Therefore, an approximation of $G$ and $\mu$ can be achieved with inertial cavitation experiments at two length scales, | -0.265287 | -0.777422 | 0.029859 | 1.461055 | [
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] | 1,330,087 | 14,336 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
$R_{\max}^{A}$ and $R_{\max}^{B}$, and three numerical simulations of the bubble dynamics at each scale to retrieve the values of $\check{t}_1^{inv}$, $G_0$, and $\mu_0$.
For the standard nonlinear solid and fractional Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic models, the third parameter---i.e., $\tau_1$ for the Maxwell element and $\alpha$ for the springpot---is identified through a manual refinement process.
Specifically, the rate-dependent element in the generalized Kelvin-Voigt model will be perturbed from the pure Newtonian fluid case by increasing $\tau_1$ for the Maxwell case or $(1-\alpha)$ for the springpot case from the Newtonian limit value of $0$.
According to the oscillation behaviors demonstrated in the RO-calibrated model, the third parameter is refined over a small number of iterations until the possible range of the parametric value is narrowed down to a sufficiently small range.
The effectiveness of the proposed scaling law and RO calibration procedure is verified in the Results section through inverse characterization of simulation and experiment data.
\subsection{Shadowgraph imaging}
Due to the high deformation rate immediately before and after $\check{t}_1$, a shockwave is formed at the bubble wall and propagates toward the far-field. The emission of shockwaves during bubble collapse has been reported previously in laser-induced cavitation experiments\cite{ohl-etal_1999, lindau-lauterborn_2003, supponen-etal_2017}.
Based on the relative position between the traveling shock front and the rebounding bubble wall, as captured by the shadowgraphy system in the first frame after $\check{t}_1$ at time $\check{t}_1 + \Delta{t}_s$, we can estimate the distance traveled by the shock wave during $\Delta{t}_s$ and accordingly estimate $\Delta{t}_s$.
This allows for $\check{t}_1$ to be estimated at a level of precision finer than the camera frame rate and, as a result, drastically reduces error from the experimental quantification of the collapse time.
We discuss this further in the following section.
\section{Results}
\subsection{Reproduction of IMR simulation}
To verify the effectiveness of the proposed RO calibration approach, we select arbitrary sets of viscoelastic material parameters within the ranges of our common material behavior, perform simulation of the corresponding cavitation process at two scales of $R_{\max}$, and then apply the RO framework to estimate the input material parameters.
Given that the target cavitation process is computationally generated, the RO-IMR procedure should ideally reproduce the input material parameters and the corresponding bubble dynamics.
\begin{table*}[t]
\caption{Input parameters and estimated viscoelastic moduli of simulation reproduction cases for Kelvin-Voigt model.}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\begin{tabular}{lllllll}
Case & $R_{\max}^A$ [\SI{}{\micro\meter}]& $R_{\max}^B$ [\SI{}{\micro\meter}] & $G$ [\SI{}{\pascal}]& $\mu_\alpha$ [\SI{}{\pascal \s}]& Estimated $G$ [\SI{}{\pascal}] & Estimated $\mu$ [\SI{}{\pascal \second}]\\ \cline{1-7}
1 & 200 & 400 & $4.800\times10^3$ & $1.090\times10^{-1}$ & $4.814\times10^3$ & $1.060\times10^{-1}$\\
2 & 200 & 400 & $4.800\times10^1$ & $1.090\times10^{-1}$ & $1.158\times10^2$ & $1.112\times10^{-1}$\\
3 & 200 & 400 & $4.800\times10^4$ & $1.090\times10^{-1}$ & $4.814\times10^3$ & $7.642\times10^{-2}$\\
4 & 200 & 40 | -0.033811 | -0.117575 | 0.335159 | 1.502677 | [
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] | 1,330,087 | 15,360 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
0 & $4.800\times10^3$ & $1.090\times10^{-3}$ & $4.780\times10^3$ & $7.161\times10^{-4}$\\
5 & 200 & 400 & $4.800\times10^3$ & $3.270\times10^{-1}$ & $6.199\times10^3$ & $3.662\times10^{-1}$\\
6 & 100 & 500 & $4.800\times10^3$ & $1.090\times10^{-1}$ & $4.947\times10^3$ & $1.114\times10^{-1}$\\
7 & 250 & 300 & $4.800\times10^3$ & $1.090\times10^{-1}$ & $4.859\times10^3$ & $1.069\times10^{-1}$\\
\cline{1-7}
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:sim-reprod_nhkv}
\end{table*}
\begin{figure}[tp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{figures/Updated_Figures/Figure_8.pdf}
\vspace{-1em}
\caption{Reproduction of simulated bubble dynamics for Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic materials: effect of $G$ and $\mu$ on RO approximation. (a) Case 1: $G = \SI{4.8}{\kilo\pascal}$, $\mu=\SI{0.109}{\pascal.\second}$; (b) Case 3: $G = \SI{48}{\kilo\pascal}$, $\mu=\SI{0.109}{\pascal.\second}$; (c) Case 4: $G = \SI{4.8}{\kilo\pascal}$, $\mu=\SI{0.00109}{\pascal.\second}$; (d) Case 5: $G = \SI{4.8}{\kilo\pascal}$, $\mu=\SI{0.327}{\pascal.\second}$. Blue circles denote the target bubble dynamics for length scale A and red squares denote the target bubble dynamics for length scale B. The solid curves are the bubble dynamics of the consitutive model calibrated from RO-IMR. The dashed curves correspond to the bubble dynamics of inviscid fluid at the two length scales.
}
\label{fig:sim-reprod_nhkv_moduli}
\end{figure}
First, we examine the finite deformation Kelvin-Voigt model using combinations of input parameters as summarized in Table \ref{tab:sim-reprod_nhkv}.
The results for Cases 1 through 5 are presented in Figure \ref{fig:sim-reprod_nhkv_moduli}.
The parameters used in Case 1 reflect the typical range of bubble size achieved in IMR experiments and the typical magnitude of material moduli measured in soft biological tissues.
At this scale, the RO-IMR procedure is capable of reproducing the viscoelastic model within small errors of 0.30\% and 2.7\% for $G$ and $\mu$, respectively. In Case 2, an elastic modulus of $G = \SI{48.0}{\pascal}$ is used. In this case, the influence of $G$ is significantly lower and much more challenging to capture with the RO-IMR procedure. Consequentially, the error of the $G$ estimation is over 140\%, while the error of the $\mu$ estimation is only 3.2\%. Similarly, when the viscous modulus $\mu$ is set to a low value for Case 4, the viscous contribution is difficult to discern. However, for both Cases 2 and 4, the time histories of the bubble radius are reproduced accurately, since the error in material moduli do not contribute significantly to the bubble dynamics.
For Case 3, a high value of $G$ was considered. The proposed scaling law relating $\check{t}_1$ to $G$ is less effective when the modulus | -0.830106 | -0.576424 | -0.638758 | 0.873145 | [
-1.6020897504680642,
-0.0581231231292114
] | [
-1.080037848378647,
-0.0728092713919303
] | [
-1.3653908585633794,
0.08787524898180694
] | [
0.08753120867165798,
1.6587588506964
] | 1,024 | [
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] | 1,330,087 | 16,384 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
is high.
As a result, the RO-IMR procedure not only underestimates $\mu$ by an error of 29.9\%, but is also unable to reproduce the bubble dynamics accurately.
Similar results are observed in Case 5, where a high value of $\mu$ was considered.
As the smaller size scale tested, the bubble oscillation is effectively suppressed after the first cycle due to the high viscosity.
Here, $G$ and $\mu$ are over-estimated by RO with errors of 29.1\% and 12.0\%, respectively.
Figure \ref{fig:sim-reprod_nhkv_size} compares the bubble dynamics simulated for Cases 1, 6, and 7, for which the viscoelastic parameters $G$ and $\mu$ are the same but the pairings of $R_{\max}$ differ.
No significant differences can be observed in the performance of the RO-IMR procedure for these cases.
However, this is due to the fact that an exact value of $\check{t}_1$ is obtained from each target simulation and used to calibrate the viscoelastic model.
In typical experimental characterization of materials with IMR, the accuracy of $\check{t}_1$ measured is limited by factors including camera frame rate and noise in collected data.
To illustrate this effect, we re-run Cases 1, 6, and 7 but with perturbed input values for the collapse times.
The collapse time $\check{t}_1^A$ for the smaller length scale is increased by 1\% while the collapse time $\check{t}_1^B$ for the larger length scale is lower by 1\%.
In this case, the combination of $R_{\max}^A = \SI{200}{\um}$ and $R_{\max}^B = \SI{400}{\um}$ (Case 1) estimates the viscoelastic parameters to be $G = \SI{7.65}{\kilo\pascal}$ and $\mu = \SI{0.166}{\pascal.\second}$, the combination of $R_{\max}^A = \SI{100}{\um}$ and $R_{\max}^B = \SI{500}{\um}$ (Case 6) estimates the viscoelastic parameters to be $G = \SI{6.37}{\kilo\pascal}$ and $\mu = \SI{0.128}{\pascal.\second}$, and the combination of $R_{\max}^A = \SI{250}{\um}$ and $R_{\max}^B = \SI{300}{\um}$ (Case 7) estimates the viscoelastic parameters to be $G = \SI{15.20}{\kilo\pascal}$ and $\mu = \SI{0.304}{\pascal.second}$.
By comparing the predicted bubble dynamics shown in Figure \ref{fig:sim-reprod_nhkv_size}, the advantage of having a large difference between $R_{\max}^A$ and $R_{\max}^B$ becomes even clearer.
\begin{figure}[tp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{figures/Updated_Figures/Figure_9.pdf}
\vspace{-1em}
\caption{Reproduction of simulated bubble dynamics for Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic materials: effect of $\check{t}_1$ estimation error on performance of RO-IMR. (a) $R_A = \SI{200}{\um}$ and $R_B = \SI{400}{\um}$, exact input of $\check{t}_1$ (Case 1) and (b) input of $\check{t}_1$ with 1\% error; (c) $R_A = \SI{100}{\um}$ m and $R_B = \SI{500}{\um}$ m, exact input of $\check{t}_1$ (Case 6) and (d) input of $\check{t}_1$ with 1\% error; (e) $R_A = \SI{250}{\um}$ and $R_B = \SI{300}{\um}$ m, exact input of $\check{t}_1$ (Case 7) and (f) input of $\check{t}_1$ with 1\% error. Blue circles denote the target bubble dynamics for length scale A and red squares | -0.080209 | 0.011798 | 0.015592 | 1.346594 | [
-0.11770400429065747,
-0.04271427455297534
] | [
-0.15338755755086764,
0.17698341570077544
] | [
-0.000893186906642478,
0.03207794642335302
] | [
1.2841615320679847,
1.409027304944123
] | 1,024 | [
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] | 1,330,087 | 17,408 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
denote the target bubble dynamics for length scale B. The solid curves are the bubble dynamics of the constitutive model calibrated from RO-IMR. The dashed curves correspond to the bubble dynamics of an inviscid fluid at the two length scales.
}
\label{fig:sim-reprod_nhkv_size}
\end{figure}
To further illustrate the effect of collapse time measurement error on the performance of the RO calibration procedure, the expected error of $(G,\mu)$ estimated from various combinations of errors in $\check{t}_1^A$ and $\check{t}_1^B$ ranging between $\pm 1\%$ is calculated according to Equation \ref{eqn:ro_calib} and shown in Figure \ref{fig:sim-reprod_nhkv_map}.
When the difference between $R_{\max}^A$ and $R_{\max}^B$ are larger, the RO-IMR procedure is more resilient to error in the measurement of collapse time.
When $R_{\max}^A$ and $R_{\max}^B$ are too close to each other, an error less than 1\% in the collapse time measurement may lead to no physical solution for the system according to the RO-IMR procedure.
Next, we perform an iterative solution to reproduce the simulated bubble dynamics of an example standard nonlinear solid material with parameteric values of $G = \SI{4.8}{\kilo\pascal}$, $\mu = \SI{0.109}{\pascal.\second}$, and $\tau_1 = \SI{2.5e-6}{\second}$.
The relaxation time scale is assumed to be $0$ during the initial iteration, corresponding to the Maxwell element behaving as a Newtonian fluid.
Due to the fading memory effect of the Maxwell element, the standard linear model typically exhibits a higher peak radius during the second oscillation cycle, $\hat{R}_2$ as compared to a Kelvin-Voigt model with similar behavior during the initial collapse.
Within a moderate range of $\tau_1$, the amplitude of $\hat{R}_2$ increases monotonically with $\tau_1$.
Therefore, if the simulated bubble dynamics underestimates $\hat{R}_2$ during a previous RO iteration, the relaxation time scale is increased during the succeeding iteration.
On the contrary, if $\hat{R}_2$ is over-estimated during a previous iteration, the relaxation time scale is decreased during the next iteration.
An accurate estimate of $\tau_1$ is thereby achieved by gradually narrowing down the range of possible values across multiple iterations, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:sim-reprod_sns}.
As shown in Table \ref{tab:sim-reprod_sns}, the estimated values of viscoelastic parameters also converge to the target values following additional iterations.
To further evaluate the goodness-of-fit achieved by the iterative solution process, the least-squares error is evaluated between the target and estimated bubble dynamics.
The error measure is defined as
\begin{align}
e = \sum_{k = 1}^{n} \(\tilde{t}_k^* - t_k^*\)^2 + \(\tilde{R}_k^* - R_k^*\)^2
\end{align}
where $t_k^* = t_k/t_c$ and $R_k^* = R_k/R_{\max}$ are the normalized time and radius at the $k$-th experimental measurement and
$(\tilde{t}_k^*,\tilde{R}_k^*)$ is a point on the simulated bubble dynamics curve that is closest to $({t}_k^*,{R}_k^*)$.
For the present study, the least-squares error is evaluated between the first three peaks of the bubble oscillation, such that $t_1 = 0$ and $t_n$ corresponds to the end of the second rebound.
As the relaxation time scale $\tau_1$ converges toward the target value through iterations, the least-squares error of the bubble dynamics also decreases.
A similar example case is conducted for the fractional Kelvin-Voigt model, with target parameters of $G = 4.8$ kPa, $\mu_\alpha = 0.327 ~\rm{Pa\cdot s^\alpha}$, and $\alpha = 0.86$.
Similar to the iteration procedure for the standard non | 0.217524 | -0.370725 | 0.59766 | 1.632745 | [
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] | 1,330,087 | 18,432 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
linear solid model, an initial iteration is performed assuming $\alpha = 1$, corresponding to a Kelvin-Voigt model with no fading memory.
As $\alpha$ is decreased, the behavior of the springpot deviates from those of a pure Newtonian fluid, and the second peak amplitude $\hat{R}_2$ increases.
Therefore, the trial value of $\alpha$ can be adjusted in a manner similar to the adjustment of $\tau_1$ discussed above for the standard nonlinear solid model.
An accurate estimate of $\alpha$ is thereby achieved by gradually narrowing down the range of possible values across multiple iterations, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:sim-reprod_fkv}.
As shown in Table \ref{tab:sim-reprod_fkv}, the estimated values of viscoelastic parameters converge to the target values following additional iterations while the least-squares error also decreases.
\begin{table*}[t]
\caption{Iterative solution for standard nonlinear solid model example, $G = \SI{4.8d3}{\pascal}$, $\mu$ = \SI{0.109}{\pascal.\s}, $\tau_1$ = \SI{2.5d-6}{\s}.}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\begin{tabular}{llllll}
Iteration & Trial $\tau_1$ [s] & Estimated $G$ [\SI{}{\pascal}] & Estimated $\mu$ [\SI{}{\pascal \s}] & Least-squares error, A & Least-squares error, B \\ \cline{1-6}
1 & 0 & $3.806\times10^3$ & $5.139\times10^{-2}$ & 4.766 & 0.308\\
2 & $1.0\times10^{-7}$ & $3.832\times10^3$ & $4.860\times10^{-2}$ & 3.376 & 0.174\\
3 & $1.0\times10^{-6}$ & $4.077\times10^3$ & $6.165\times10^{-2}$ & 0.689 & 0.004\\
4 & $3.0\times10^{-6}$ & $4.602\times10^3$ & $9.495\times10^{-2}$ & 0.124 & 0.119\\
5 & $2.5\times10^{-6}$ & $4.477\times10^3$ & $8.609\times10^{-2}$ & 0.019 & 0.083\\
\cline{1-6}
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:sim-reprod_sns}
\end{table*}
\begin{table*}[t]
\caption{Iterative solution for fractional Kelvin-Voigt model example, $G = \SI{4.8d3}{\pascal}$, $\mu_\alpha = \SI{0.327}{\pascal.\second^{\alpha}}$, $\alpha = 0.86$.}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\begin{tabular}{llllll}
Iteration & Trial $\alpha$ & Estimated $G$ [\SI{}{\pascal}] & Estimated $\mu_\alpha$ [\SI{}{\pascal.\second^{\alpha}}] & Least-squares error, A & Least-squares error, B \\ \cline{1-6}
1 & 1 & $4.512\times10^3$ & $4.958\times10^{-2}$ & 4.787 & 2.337\\
2 & 0.9 & $4.739\times10^3$ & $1.878\times10^{-1}$ & 0.459 & 0.200\\
3 & 0.8 & $4.942\times10^3$ & $8.074\times10^{-1}$ & 0.415 & 0.3 | -0.698789 | -0.5654 | -0.231691 | 1.185309 | [
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] | 1,330,087 | 19,456 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
36\\
4 & 0.86 & $4.784\times10^3$ & $3.256\times10^{-1}$ & 0.003 & 0.001\\
\cline{1-6}
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:sim-reprod_fkv}
\end{table*}
\begin{figure}[tp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{figures/Updated_Figures/Figure_10.pdf}
\vspace{-1em}
\caption{Reproduction of simulated bubble dynamics for Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic materials: effect of $\check{t}_1$ measurement error for different combinations of maximum radial length scales $R_A$ and $R_B$ of (a) \{200, 400\}\SI{}{\micro\meter}, (b) \{100, 500\}\SI{}{\micro\meter}, and (c) \{250, 300\}\SI{}{\micro\meter}, respectively.}
\label{fig:sim-reprod_nhkv_map}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[tp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{figures/Updated_Figures/Figure_11.pdf}
\vspace{-1em}
\caption{Reproduction of simulated bubble dynamics for standard nonlinear solid viscoelastic materials by iterating value of relaxation time scale $\tau_1$: (a) $\tau_1 = 0$, (b) $\tau_1 = 1\times10^{-6}{\rm{s}}$, (c) $\tau_1 = 3\times10^{-6}{\rm{s}}$, (d) $\tau_1 = 2.5\times10^{-7}{\rm{s}}$. Blue circles denote the target bubble dynamics for length scale A and red squares denote the target bubble dynamics for length scale B. The solid curves are the bubble dynamics of the consitutive model calibrated from RO-IMR. The dashed curves correspond to the bubble dynamics of inviscid fluid at the two length scales.}
\label{fig:sim-reprod_sns}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[tp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{figures/Updated_Figures/Figure_12.pdf}
\vspace{-1em}
\caption{Reproduction of simulated bubble dynamics for fractional Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic materials by iterating value of relaxation time scale $\alpha$: (a) $\alpha = 1$, (b) $\alpha = 0.9$, (c) $\alpha = 0.8$, (d) $\alpha = 0.86$. Blue circles denote the target bubble dynamics for length scale A and red squares denote the target bubble dynamics for length scale B. The solid curves are the bubble dynamics of the consitutive model calibrated from RO-IMR. The dashed curves correspond to the bubble dynamics of inviscid fluid at the two length scales.}
\label{fig:sim-reprod_fkv}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Characterization from experimental data}
To demonstrate the capability of the RO-IMR calibration approach to accelerate viscoelastic material characterziation, the procedure was applied to microcavitation experiments on polyacrylamide specimens.
A total of $n = 5$ inertial cavitation experiments were performed on polyacrylamide specimens.
The maximum radius $R_{\max}$ of the cavitated bubble ranged between 298.3 and 365.4 $\rm{\mu}m$ and the circumferential stretch of the bubble at peak radius ranged between 5.99 and 6.37.
The measured bubble kinematics are shown in Fig. \ref{fig:exp_raw-data}.
The experiments were characterized to a Neo-Hookean Kelvin-Voigt model using standard IMR in least-squares fitting mode. Each forward simulation took approximately \SI{30}{s} on a consumer personal laptop, on the order of 200 forward simulations are needed for calibration. The results for Neo-Hooke | -0.657185 | -0.705125 | -0.442199 | 0.810712 | [
-1.2350167354963963,
-0.07935309227869218
] | [
-1.1158504200048414,
-0.294399558329008
] | [
-1.1168392380757208,
0.23244098742871028
] | [
0.38929015978899256,
1.232134126702927
] | 1,024 | [
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446
] | 1,330,087 | 20,480 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
an Kelvin-Voigt fitting are shown in Table \ref{table:IMRresults}.
For the RO-IMR characterization procedure, six combinations of length scales were generated, in which the two experiments with smaller values of $R_{\max}$ (viz., Experiments 2 and 5) were grouped individually with the three experiments with larger values of $R_{\max}$ (viz., Experiments 1, 3, and 4).
\begin{table}[t]
\caption{IMR best-fit parameter and least-squares error (LSQe) values for experiments 1-5 on polyacrylamide fit to a Neo-Hookean Kelvin-Voigt model.}
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
Expt. & $G$ [\SI{}{\kilo\pascal}] & $\mu$ [\SI{}{\pascal.\s}] & log$_{10}$(LSQe) \\ \hline
1 & 13.8 & 0.17 & $-1.790$ \\
2 & 10.8 & 0.078 & $-1.746$ \\
3 & 12.5 & 0.14 & $-1.825$ \\
4 & 11.2 & 0.12 & $-1.832$ \\
5 & 13.0 & 0.11 & $-1.304$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table:IMRresults}
\end{table}
A reduced-order fitting to the experiments is performed first for the finite deformation Kelvin-Voigt model.
The two experiment combinations involving Experiment 4 were both found to result in negative values of viscous modulus $\mu$.
Accordingly, we concluded that the initial collapse time measurement for Experiment 4 violated the scaling law---i.e., the viscous effect of the material increased with larger bubble size, resulting a negative solution for $\mu$.
The existence of non-physical solution to the RO-IMR procedure is also influenced by the fact that the length scales for the five experiments did not vary significantly, with the largest $R_{\max}$ being only 22.5\% larger than the smallest case.
As discussed earlier, the RO-IMR procedure is more sensitive to errors in $\check{t}_1$ measurement when $R_{\max}^A$ and $R_{\max}^B$ are closer to each other.
For the four remaining combinations of experiments, calibration for the standard nonlinear solid and fractional Kelvin-Voigt models were performed iteratively.
The calibrated parameters and corresponding least-squares errors are summarized in Table \ref{tab:exp-fit}.
In general, the RO-IMR procedure successfully reproduces bubble dynamics with the initial collapse process and estimated collapse time matching well with the shadowgraphy-estimated collapse time measurement.
For all the experiments considered, the second peak $\hat{R}_2$ is underestimated by the calibrated Kelvin-Voigt model, suggesting non-negligible contribution from the fading memory of the material at the time scale investigated.
Addition of Maxwell- and springpot-type relaxation mechanisms in the constitutive relation indeed improved the match of $\hat{R}_2$.
\begin{table*}[t]
\caption{Reduced-order viscoelastic model calibration from experiment data.}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\begin{tabular}{clllll}
Combination & Viscoelastic model & $G$ [\SI{}{\kilo\pascal}] & $\mu$ [\SI{}{\pascal.\second^{\alpha}}] & Least-squares error, A & Least-squares error, B \\ \cline{1-6}
& Kelvin-Voigt & 15.56 & 0.144 & 0.248 & 0.085\\
& SNS, $\tau_1 = 1.0 \times 10^{-7}$ s & 15.50 & 0.133 & 0.124 & 0.047\\
1 & SNS, $\tau_1 = 1.0 \times 10^{-6}$ s & | -0.108116 | 0.219063 | 0.498746 | 1.601529 | [
-0.18995438317034208,
-0.026278169404990216
] | [
0.4527402172224721,
-0.014613842499364454
] | [
0.6382395514901934,
0.35925303869792374
] | [
1.6587588506964,
1.5442985588932732
] | 1,024 | [
512,
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] | 1,330,087 | 21,504 | ArXiv | -1 | -1 |
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