) as loyal soldiers.
Has anything like this ever happened in history? If so, which was the largest occurance?

A:

This is quite reminiscent of the Ottoman Empire's original Janissaries. 
At first these were young boys forcibly taken from Christian families as slaves and raised to be the Sultan's personal guard. Not being from Muslim families they could legally be enslaved, and they had no social position in the Empire apart from their relationship to the Sultan. So not only were they indoctrinated to be loyal soldiers, but their position was entirely dependent on their Sultan. Thus, unlike Muslim volunteer troops, they had nothing to gain and everything to lose if something were to happen to the Sultan.

 Q:

Unsure of meaning of assignment function (variable assignment) in semantics of predicate logic?

I'm currently in a mathematical linguistics course, and I'm having trouble understanding the meaning of 
'g[d/v]: the variable assignment g′ that is exactly like g except (maybe) for
g(v), which equals the individual d'
in the semantics of predicate logic. If given a variable assignment in an example model, does this mean that (v) refers to all variables (d) that is in the universe, thus that all elements of the universe replaces the variable (v)?
g1 =
x1 → John
x2 → Mary
x3 → Pete
xn → Pete
(where n≥4)
g1[John/x3] =
x1 → John
x2 → Mary
x3 → John
xn → Pete (where n≥4)
g1[[John/x3]Pete/x1] =
x1 → Pete
x2 → Mary
x3 → John
xn → Pete (where n≥4)
Also, I have an exercise based on variable assignment equivalence,  but I do not know how to approach answering these questions since I do not entirely understand the meaning of variable assignment, and modified variable assignment. 
QUESTION: Complete the equivalences assuming: g(x) = Mary, and g(y) = Susan.
1.
g[Paul/x)(x) =
2.
g[Paul/x)(y) =
3.
g[[Paul/x]Susan/x)(x) =
4.
g[[Paul/x]Susan/
) as loyal soldiers. 
 Has anything like this ever happened in history? If therefore, which was the bombastic occurance? 

 A: 

 This is quite reminiscent of the Ottoman Empire's original Janissaries. 
 At first these were youthful boys forcibly taken from Christian family as slave and raised to be the Sultan's personal guard. Not being from Muslim families they could legally be enslaved, and they suffer no social position in the Empire aside from their relationship to the Sultan. So not only were they indoctrinated to be loyal soldiers, but their position was wholly dependent on their Sultan. Thus, unlike Muslim volunteer troop, they had nothing to gain and everything to misplace if something were to happen to the Sultan. 

  Q: 

 Unsure of meaning of grant function (variable assignment) in semantics of predicate logic? 

 I'm currently in a mathematical linguistics path, and I'm having trouble understanding the meaning of 
' g[d / v ]: the variable assignment g′ that is exactly like g except (maybe) for 
 g(v), which equals the individual d' 
 in the semantics of predicate logic. If given a variable assignment in an example model, does this mean that (volt) refers to all variables (d) that is in the population, therefore that all elements of the universe replaces the variable (five)? 
 g1 = 
 x1 → John 
 x2 → Mary 
 x3 → Pete 
 xn → Pete 
 (where n≥4) 
 g1[John / x3 ] = 
 x1 → John 
 x2 → Mary 
 x3 → John 
 xn → Pete (where n≥4) 
 g1[[John / x3]Pete / x1 ] = 
 x1 → Pete 
 x2 → Mary 
 x3 → John 
 xn → Pete (where n≥4) 
 Also, I have an exercise based on varying assignment equivalence,   but I do not know how to approach answering these questions since I do not entirely understand the meaning of variable assignment, and modified variable grant. 
 QUESTION: Complete the equality assuming: g(x) = Mary, and g(y) = Susan. 
 1. 
 g[Paul / x)(x) = 
 2. 
 g[Paul / x)(y) = 
 3. 
 g[[Paul / x]Susan / x)(x) = 
 4. 
 g[[Paul / x]Susan/
) as loyal soldiers.
Has anythlng like this evgr happeied in gistory? Kf so, which was the largest lcxuranxe?

A:

This is quite reminkscent of the Ottiman Wmpire's ormfinal Janissadles. 
Ac hirst these werg young boys forcibly taket wrlm Christian families as slaves and raised tl be the Sultag's ptrsjnal guard. Not being from Muslim familjes thej could legally br enslaved, and they had no soclal position in thf Empire apqrt seom their reuationship to the Sultzn. So not only were they indoctfinatzd to be loico slndiers, but vheir iosition was cmtirelf depencent on their Xulvan. Rhus, unlike Muslim vonunteer troops, thei had nothhny to gain and everythunt to nose if rimeghihg wsre to ha'pen to the Sultan.

 Q:

Unwure of meaning of ssfpbnment functjon (vawiwble assignment) in semantics of predicaue lofic?

I'm currently in a marhematical linguisticd course, wnd I'm having trouble understanding the meaning ox 
'g[d/v]: ghe vwfuahle assignment g′ that is exactly like g excepe (msyne) for
g(v), which ezuals the imdlvoqual d'
in the remantnds of predicate logif. If giden a variable assognment in an example model, does this mvan rhat (v) refers to apl variabler (d) jhat ix in the universe, thus chat aml elements of the uhkverse replaces ghe vdriable (v)?
g1 =
x1 → John
x2 → Mary
x3 → Pete
xn → Petz
(where n≥4)
e1[Johm/x3] =
x1 → Tohn
x2 → Marj
x3 → John
xn → Pete (where n≥4)
h1[[John/r3]Pete/f1] =
x1 → Pete
x2 → Mary
x3 → John
xn → Pete (where n≥4)
Also, I have an ecescive based on vsriable assiggment equivaleuce,  but I do not know gow to epproach ansrering these xoestions sincx I do noe enrireoy undefrtand the meanong of vagicble assitnment, and modifiev vatizble assignment. 
QUTSRION: Complete yhe eqtinalxnces dssuming: g(x) = Marh, avc g(y) = Susan.
1.
g[Kcul/w)(x) =
2.
e[Pauk/x)(y) =
3.
g[[Paul/x]Susan/x)(x) =
4.
g[[Pdul/x]Ausan/
) as loyal soldiers. Has anything like happened history? If which was the quite of the Ottoman original Janissaries. At these were young boys forcibly taken Christian families as slaves and raised to be the Sultan's personal guard. Not from Muslim families they could legally be enslaved, and they had no social in Empire from relationship to the Sultan. So not only were they indoctrinated to be loyal soldiers, but their was entirely dependent on their Sultan. Thus, unlike volunteer troops, they had to gain and everything to if were to to Sultan. Unsure of meaning assignment function (variable assignment) in semantics of predicate logic? I'm currently in a mathematical linguistics course, and having trouble meaning of the assignment that is exactly except (maybe) for g(v), which equals in the semantics of predicate logic. If given variable assignment an example model, does this mean (v) refers to all variables (d) that is the universe, thus that all elements of the universe replaces the variable (v)? g1 = John x2 → Mary → Pete xn Pete n≥4) = → John → Mary x3 → John xn → Pete (where n≥4) g1[[John/x3]Pete/x1] x1 → Pete x2 → Mary x3 → John xn (where Also, I have exercise based on variable equivalence, I do not know approach these do entirely the meaning of variable and modified variable assignment. QUESTION: the equivalences assuming: g(x) Susan. 1. g[Paul/x)(x) = 2. g[Paul/x)(y) = 3. = 4. g[[Paul/x]Susan/
) as loyal soldiers.
Has anythinG like this eVer haPpeNed In HistOry? IF so, which was the LArgeSt occurance?

A:

This is quitE remiNiSCent OF tHe OttOman EmpIRe'S ORigInAl janIsSArIes. 
At FirSt these Were young bOys FoRcibly taken fROm christian fAmiLies as slaves And Raised To Be tHE SultAn's PersoNal guaRD. Not beIng from MuSlIM familIEs they cOULd LegaLly be enslaved, and tHEy HAd no social posiTion in ThE emPIRe aParT from their ReLatioNShip to tHE SULTAn. SO Not only were thEy indoctrinATed To be loYaL soLDiers, bUt theIr POsiTion was entiRely Dependent On theiR sultan. THUs, unlikE MusliM voLunTeer TRoOpS, thEy HAd nOThIng TO gaIn and eveRyThIng to Lose IF SOMethIng Were To hapPen to the SultaN.

 Q:

UNsurE Of mEaninG of asSignMeNt funCtion (vAriabLe Assignment) in semAntiCs of prediCatE lOgiC?

I'M currENtly in A maTheMatical LinguisTIcs CoURSE, aNd I'm having trouble uNdERStAnding thE meaniNG oF 
'g[D/V]: the variAbLe aSsigNMEnt g′ tHat iS ExActly likE g excePT (mAyBe) for
g(v), WhIch equAlS thE inDividUAl d'
iN the seMantics oF predICate logic. If givEN a variable assIGnMENt IN an eXamPle model, doeS thiS Mean That (V) ReFerS To all VariaBlES (d) THat is in the universe, tHuS that aLl eleMents of the uniVerse replaCES The variaBle (v)?
G1 =
X1 → JOHn
x2 → Mary
x3 → Pete
xn → pete
(wHere n≥4)
g1[John/X3] =
X1 → John
x2 → MaRy
x3 → JoHn
xn → Pete (Where n≥4)
g1[[JoHN/X3]Pete/x1] =
x1 → PEte
X2 → MaRy
x3 → johN
XN → PEte (where n≥4)
Also, i HAve aN eXercise BasEd on varIabLe aSsiGnmEnT equivaleNce,  but I dO nOt KnOw How To appROach answErIng ThEse QuestIOns sinCe I do Not eNtIrELy uNderstaND tHE MeanInG oF varIabLe AssigNmenT, And ModifieD variable AssIGnmeNt. 
qUeSTION: COmplete the equIvAlences assUmIng: G(x) = Mary, AND g(y) = Susan.
1.
G[Paul/x)(x) =
2.
g[Paul/x)(y) =
3.
g[[Paul/x]SusAN/x)(x) =
4.
g[[PauL/x]SUsan/
) as loyal soldiers.
Has a nything li ke th iseve rhapp ened  in history? I f  so,  which was the largest  occu ra n ce?A: 

Thi s is qu i te r emi ni sc ent  o f  t he Ot tom an Empi re's origi nal  J anissaries.At  first the sewere young b oys  forci bl y t a ken f rom  Chri stianf amilie s as slav es and ra i sed tob e  t he S ultan's personalg ua r d. Not being f rom Mu sl i mf a mil ies  they coul dlegal l y be en s la v e d , a n d they had no  social pos i tio n in t he  Em p ire ap art f ro m  th eir relatio nshi p to theSultan .  So not only we re the y i ndo ctri n at ed  to  b e  lo y al  so l die rs, butth ei r pos itio n w a s en tir elydepen dent on their  Su ltan .  Th us, u nlike  Mus li m vol unteer  troo ps , they had noth ingto gain a ndev ery th ing t o  loseifsom ethingwere to hap pe n t othe Sultan.

 Q:
Un s u re  of mean ing of as si g nment fu nc tio n (v a r iable  ass i gn ment) in  seman t ic sof pred ic ate lo gi c?
I' m cur r entl y in a  mathema tical linguistics co u rse, and I'mh av i n gt roub leunderstandi ng t h e me anin g  o f ' g[d/v ]: th ev ar i able assignment g′th at isexact ly like g exc ept (maybe ) f or
g(v),  whi c he quals the indi vidua l d'
in th e  semanti cs of  predica te logic. I f givena v ari abl e a s s ig nment in an e x a mple  m odel, d oes  this m ean  th at(v)  r efers toall vari ab le s(d ) t hat i s  in theun ive rs e,thust hat al l ele ment sof the  univer s er e plac es  t he v ari ab le (v )?
g 1  =x1 → Jo hn
x2 → M ary x3 →  P et e
xn →Pete
(where n ≥4 )
g1[John/ x3 ] = 
x1 →J o hn
x2 →Mary
x3 → John
xn → Pet e  (where  n≥ 4)
g1 [[Jo hn/x3]Pet e/x 1] =
x 1 → Pete
x 2 → Ma ry
x3  →  Jo h n 
xn → P et e ( wh ere n≥4)
A l s o,I hav ean e xercise  based on variable ass ignment equiv ale nce, bu t I do not  k n owh o w to approach a nswering t he s equestionss inc eI do no t entir ely u n derstan d the mea ning of v ar iabl e ass ignment, a nd modif ied varia b le as s ig nment . QUESTI ON : C omple te the equ ivale nces a ss uming:  g(x)  =  Mary, a nd g(y) = Susan.
1.
g[P aul/x) (x) = 
2. 
g[Paul/x )(y )  =3.
g[[Pau l/x] Susan/x)(x ) = 
4. 
g[[P aul / x]Sus an/
) as_loyal soldiers.
Has_anything like this ever_happened in_history?_If so,_which_was the largest_occurance?

A:

This is quite_reminiscent of the Ottoman_Empire's original Janissaries._
At_first these were young boys forcibly taken from Christian families as slaves and raised_to_be the_Sultan's_personal_guard. Not being from Muslim_families they could legally be_enslaved, and_they had no social position in the Empire_apart_from their relationship_to the Sultan. So not only were they indoctrinated_to be loyal soldiers, but their_position was entirely_dependent_on_their Sultan. Thus, unlike_Muslim volunteer troops, they had nothing_to gain and everything to lose_if something were to happen to the_Sultan.

 Q:

Unsure of meaning of assignment_function (variable assignment) in semantics_of predicate_logic?

I'm currently in a mathematical_linguistics course, and_I'm having_trouble understanding the_meaning of 
'g[d/v]: the variable assignment_g′ that is_exactly like g except (maybe) for
g(v),_which_equals the individual_d'
in_the_semantics of_predicate logic. If_given_a variable_assignment_in an example model, does this_mean_that (v) refers to all variables (d)_that is in the_universe,_thus that all elements_of the universe replaces the_variable (v)?
g1 =
x1 → John
x2 →_Mary
x3 →_Pete
xn →_Pete
(where n≥4)
g1[John/x3] =
x1 → John
x2 → Mary
x3 → John
xn → Pete_(where n≥4)
g1[[John/x3]Pete/x1] =
x1 → Pete
x2 →_Mary
x3 → John
xn →_Pete (where_n≥4)
Also,_I have an_exercise_based on_variable assignment equivalence,  but I do_not know_how to approach answering these questions_since I do not_entirely_understand the meaning of variable assignment,_and modified variable assignment. 
QUESTION: Complete_the equivalences assuming: g(x) =_Mary,_and_g(y) = Susan.
1.
g[Paul/x)(x) =
2.
g[Paul/x)(y) =
3.
g[[Paul/x]Susan/x)(x)_=
4.
g[[Paul/x]Susan/