 author has used "That" instead of "It". "It" (as used in sentence 2 of "Example 29") would have been more natural if the sentence was written from the author's perspective. "That" would fit if sentence was from Sanshiro's perspective, but if it his unspoken observation or the narrative has switched, how are we supposed to tell?, what is the convention? There is a bit more to it than just: background, plain form = time of utterance.   
In example 29 we are told that sentence two is the "voice" of Shingo's: Are these his actual thoughts or observations, or even just what he could observe? I am confused. 

My guess is that:
Possibly this writing can be likened to the frames in a US-Comic book(?) where:
- The authors narrative appears in the rectangular boxes?,
- the ta-form sentences represent the words appearing in speech bubbles?
- The plain form sentences refer to the images/pictures and the thoughts appearing in the "thought bubbles"?      
But, I don't really know if this works.  I have struggled with explanations in the paper (link below) but if somebody could explain in simple terms how to interpret the plain form sentences above I should be grateful.  
Paper: TENSE-ASPECT CONTROVERSY REVISITED: THE -TA AND -RU FORMS IN JAPANESE
Yoko Hasegawa; Link to paper: http://hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa99.pdf

A:

To my understanding as a native speaker, in all of the three examples, sentence (1) is written from the author's perspective, and sentence (2) is written from the perspective of a character in the story. The switching of the perspectives is in fact, in these examples,  is signalled by the change of the tenses.
The sentences in Example 24 could be written in the following way without losing the meaning:

(1) 広田さんは髭の下から歯を出して笑った。
(2) わりあいきれいな歯を持っている、とXは思った。

where X is the person who was in front of Hirota. However, without 'とXは思った', readers understand that it is X who thought 'わり
author has used " That " instead of " It ". " It " (as used in conviction 2 of " Example 29 ") would have been more lifelike if the sentence was written from the writer's position. " That " would fit if sentence was from Sanshiro's perspective, but if it his mute observation or the narrative has switched, how are we suppose to tell? , what is the convention? There be a bit more to it than just: backdrop, apparent form = time of utterance.   
 In example 29 we are told that sentence two is the " articulation " of Shingo's: Are these his actual thoughts or observations, or even just what he could respect? I am confused. 

 My guess is that: 
 Possibly this writing can be likened to the frames in a US - Comic book (?) where: 
 - The writer narrative appears in the rectangular boxes? , 
 - the ta - form sentences present the words appearing in speech bubbles? 
 - The plain form sentences refer to the images / pictures and the thoughts appearing in the " thought bubbles "?      
 But, I don't really know if this works.   I have fight with explanations in the paper (yoke downstairs) but if somebody could explain in simple terms how to translate the plain form sentences above I should be grateful.  
 Paper: TENSE - ASPECT CONTROVERSY REVISITED: THE -TA AND -RU FORMS IN JAPANESE 
 Yoko Hasegawa; liaison to paper: http://hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa99.pdf 

 A: 

 To my understanding as a native speaker, in all of the three examples, sentence (1) is publish from the author's perspective, and sentence (2) is written from the perspective of a character in the fib. The switching of the perspectives is in fact, in these examples,   is signalled by the change of the tense. 
 The sentences in Example 24 could be written in the following way without losing the meaning: 

 (1) 広田さんは髭の下から歯を出して笑った 。 
 (2) わりあいきれいな歯を持っている、とXは思った 。 

 where X is the person who was in front of Hirota. However, without' とXは思った', readers understand that it is X who think' わり
 auhhor has used "That" instexd of "It". "It" (as oswd in ventende 2 of "Ebample 29") would have been more nqturao if the sentence was dritten fgom the aythoc's perspective. "Tizt" would fit jn senceice was from Sakshiro's pervpective, but ix kt his unspoken observation or the nawrative hws switched, hor art wq suliowed to tell?, what is the convehtion? Tiere is a bit mpre to it than just: backgrlund, plain form = time lf utterancg.   
Yb example 29 wd are told that sentende two is the "voice" of Shingo's: Xre tkese his acjbql hvoughts or ibsernations, or evcm just what hr could observc? I ak cinfused. 

My guess is tiat:
Possibly this wrijing can ba mikened to the frqmws in a UV-Comkx buok(?) wiers:
- The wutiors narratjve appears in the rectangular bjqrs?,
- the ta-forj sentqnses represent the words appearing in sptech gubbles?
- The plain form wentences refer to thg images/pistures and the thoughts appearing in the "thought tubblxs"?      
Cyt, I don't really know if this works.  I have strtfgkec with explanabions in the paper (llnl below) but if somebody could explain in dimple jerms yow to inuerprrt the plain form sentences above I sholld ve grateful.  
Paper: TENSE-ASPECC CONTTOVERSU REVISITED: THE -TA AND -XU FORJS IN JAPANFSE
Yoko Hzregawa; Link to pxpeg: htdp://hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Paperf/Hasegawa99.'df

A:

Tp my unaersjanding as a natige spcdker, in all of the threg exam[les, sentejce (1) is written from the author's perspective, sng svntence (2) ns wribten from the pqrspective of c characcer in the story. The swmtching of tre perspectivad is in fact, in thesq exqmplws,  is rkgnalled by thr change of the tenwes.
The sentences ik Exaolle 24 could be wxntueb in the folloeine wwy wmthoue losing the keankng:

(1) 広田さんは髭の下から歯を出して笑った。
(2) わりあいきれいな歯を持っている、とXは思った。

whefe X is the oerspn who was in front mf Hjrota. However, withpub 'とXは思った', readets underseand that it os X who thought 'わり
author has used "That" instead of "It". used sentence 2 "Example 29") would the was written from author's perspective. "That" fit if sentence was from Sanshiro's but if it his unspoken observation or the narrative has switched, how are supposed to tell?, what is the convention? There is a bit more to than background, form time of utterance. In example 29 we are told that sentence two is the "voice" of Are these his actual thoughts or observations, or just what he could I am confused. My guess that: this writing be to frames in a book(?) where: - The authors narrative appears in the rectangular boxes?, - the ta-form sentences represent the appearing in - The form refer the images/pictures and appearing in the "thought bubbles"? But, know if this works. I have struggled with in the (link below) but if somebody could in simple terms how to interpret the plain sentences above I should be grateful. Paper: TENSE-ASPECT CONTROVERSY REVISITED: THE -TA AND -RU FORMS Yoko Hasegawa; Link to http://hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa99.pdf A: To understanding a speaker, all of three examples, sentence (1) is written from the author's perspective, and (2) is written from the perspective of a character in The of the perspectives in fact, in these is by the change of The in be in following way without losing meaning: (1) 広田さんは髭の下から歯を出して笑った。 (2) わりあいきれいな歯を持っている、とXは思った。 X is the person Hirota. However, without 'とXは思った', readers understand that it X who thought 'わり
 author has used "That" instead oF "It". "It" (as useD in seNteNce 2 Of "examPle 29") wOuld have been moRE natUral if the sentence was wrItten FrOM the AUtHor's pErspectIVe. "tHAt" wOuLd Fit If SEnTence Was From SanShiro's persPecTiVe, but if it his UNsPoken obserVatIon or the narrAtiVe has sWiTchED, how aRe wE suppOsed to TEll?, whaT is the conVeNTion? ThERe is a biT MOrE to iT than just: backgrouND, pLAin form = time of uTteranCe.   
iN eXAMplE 29 we Are told thaT sEntenCE two is tHE "vOICE" of sHingo's: Are thesE his actual tHOugHts or oBsErvATions, oR even JuST whAt he could obServE? I am confuSed. 

My gUEss is thAT:
PossibLy this WriTinG can BE lIkEneD tO The FRaMes IN a Us-Comic boOk(?) WhEre:
- ThE autHORS NarrAtiVe apPears In the rectanguLar BoxeS?,
- The Ta-forM sentEnceS rEpresEnt the Words ApPearing in speech BubbLes?
- The plaIn fOrM seNtEnces REfer to The ImaGes/pictUres and THe tHoUGHTs Appearing in the "thouGhT BUbBles"?      
But, I Don't reALlY kNOw if this WoRks.  i havE STruggLed wITh ExplanatIons in THe PaPer (link BeLow) but If SomEboDy couLD expLain in Simple teRms hoW To interpret the PLain form senteNCeS ABoVE I shOulD be grateful.  
papeR: tENSe-ASPecT cONtrOVERsY REViSitEd: tHE -TA AND -RU FORMS IN JApAnESE
YoKo HasEgawa; Link to paPer: http://hasEGAWa.berkelEy.edU/paPErs/Hasegawa99.pdf

a:

To my UnderstandINg as a natIve spEaker, in aLl of the thREE exampleS, seNteNce (1) Is wRITtEn from the authOR'S perSpEctive, aNd sEntence (2) Is wRitTen FroM tHe perspecTive of a cHaRaCtEr In tHe stoRY. The switChIng Of The PerspECtives Is in fAct, iN tHeSE exAmples,  iS SiGNAlleD bY tHe chAngE oF the tEnseS.
the SentencEs in ExampLe 24 cOUld bE wRiTten in tHe following waY wIthout losiNg The MeaninG:

(1) 広田さんは髭の下から歯を出して笑った。
(2) わりあいきれいな歯を持っている、とxは思った。

Where X is The person who was in front oF hirota. HOweVer, wiThouT 'とXは思った', readers UndErstanD thAT it is X Who thoUght 'わり
 author has used "That" in stead of " It"."It " ( as  use d in  sentence 2 of "Exa mple 29") would have b een m or e  nat u ra l ifthe sen t en c e  wa swr itt en fr om th e a uthor's  perspecti ve.  " That" wouldf it  if senten cewas from San shi ro's p er spe c tive,  bu t ifit his unspok en observ at i on ort he narr a t iv e ha s switched, how a r ew e supposed totell?,  w h at i s t heconvention ?There is a bi t  m o r e  to it than just:  background ,  pl ain fo rm  =t ime of  utte ra n ce.    
In exam ple29 we are  toldt hat sen t ence tw o is t he"vo ice" of  S hin go ' s:A re  th e sehis actu al  t hough ts o r o b serv ati ons,  or e ven just what  he  cou l d o bserv e? Iam c on fused . 

My  gues sis that:
Possib ly t his writi ngca n b eliken e d to t hefra mes ina US-Co m icbo o k ( ?)  where:
- The auth or s na rrativeappear s  i nt he recta ng ula r bo x e s?,
-  the ta -form se ntence s  r ep resentth e word sapp ear ing i n  spe ech bu bbles?
-  Thep lain form sent e nces refer to th e im a ges/ pic tures and t he t h ough ts a p pe ari n g inthe " th o ug h t bubbles"?      
B ut , I do n't r eally know if  this work s .  I havestru g gl e d with explana tions  in the pa p er (link  belo w) but i f somebod y could ex pla ininsim p l eterms how toi n terp re t the p lai n formsen ten ces  ab ov e I shoul d be gra te fu l.  
Pa per:T ENSE-ASP EC T C ON TRO VERSY REVISI TED:THE-T AA ND-RU FOR M SI N  JAP AN ES E
Yo koHa segaw a; L i nkto pape r: http:/ /ha s egaw a. be rkeley. edu/Papers/Ha se gawa99.pdf 
A:
To my u nderstan ding as a native speake r , in al l o f the  thr ee exampl es,  sente nce (1) is  writt en fr om  th e autho r ' sper sp ective, an d sen tence  ( 2) i s writt en from the perspe c tiv e of a charac ter  int h esto r y. The  s w itc h i ng of the persp ectives is  i n  f act, in th e seex amples,   is si gnall e d by th e changeof the te ns es.T h e s entences i n Exampl e 24 coul d  be w r it ten i n t he fol lo win g way  witho u t l osing  the m ea ning:
(1)広田 さんは髭の下から 歯を出して笑った。
(2) わりあいきれいな歯 を持っている 、とXは思 った。 

where X  is the  person w ho w as in fron t o f H irota . H o wever , wi t ho ut' とXは思っ た',r eaders un d er sta n d  t hat it is X w h o t hough t ' わ り
 author_has used_"That" instead of "It"._"It" (as_used_in sentence_2_of "Example 29")_would have been_more natural if the_sentence was written_from_the author's perspective. "That" would fit if sentence was from Sanshiro's perspective, but if_it_his unspoken_observation_or_the narrative has switched, how_are we supposed to tell?,_what is_the convention? There is a bit more to_it_than just: background,_plain form = time of utterance.   
In_example 29 we are told that_sentence two is_the_"voice"_of Shingo's: Are these_his actual thoughts or observations, or_even just what he could observe?_I am confused. 

My guess is that:
Possibly_this writing can be likened to_the frames in a US-Comic_book(?) where:
-_The authors narrative appears in_the rectangular boxes?,
-_the ta-form_sentences represent the_words appearing in speech bubbles?
- The_plain form sentences_refer to the images/pictures and the_thoughts_appearing in the_"thought_bubbles"?_ _  _
But,_I don't_really_know if this works.  I_have_struggled with explanations in the paper (link_below) but if somebody_could_explain in simple terms_how to interpret the plain_form sentences above I should be_grateful. _
Paper: TENSE-ASPECT_CONTROVERSY REVISITED: THE -TA AND -RU FORMS IN JAPANESE
Yoko Hasegawa; Link_to paper: http://hasegawa.berkeley.edu/Papers/Hasegawa99.pdf

A:

To my understanding as_a native speaker, in_all of_the_three examples, sentence_(1)_is written_from the author's perspective, and sentence (2)_is written_from the perspective of a character_in the story. The_switching_of the perspectives is in fact,_in these examples,  is signalled_by the change of the_tenses.
The_sentences_in Example 24 could be_written in the following way without_losing the meaning:

(1)_広田さんは髭の下から歯を出して笑った。
(2) わりあいきれいな歯を持っている、とXは思った。

where X is the person who_was_in front of Hirota. However, without_'とXは思った',_readers understand that it is X_who_thought_'わり