 short here are the major “folders” in your file system:

/Applications : This one is self explanatory, all your Mac’s apps should go there (unless you have an app that you want to be visible for only one user…). Normal users can read, “admins” can also drop things in there. 
/Developer : if you install Xcode and the developer libraries, this folder will magically bring the unicorns for developing awesome Cocoa apps, iOS apps and dashboard widgets among other things. Otherwise the folder doesn’t even exist.
/Library : Shared libraries, and files necessary for OS X to actually function. Preferences, settings, app stuff, browser plug-ins (or more specifically, how to get rid of Adobe’s Flash) ;) You usually don’t tamper around here, but it’s normal if you want to clear some Apps settings, fix something, remove or install browser plugins, extensions, etc. Sometimes you will venture into /Library. Handle with care and always backup before breaking stuff here. It would be hard to destroy an OS X install by tampering /Library, but it’s possible…
/Network : All network libraries, servers, devices, etc. You shouldn’t be here unless you know what you’re doing and want to bypass GUI utilities. In almost 7 years of OS X, I’ve never touched this directory.
/System : Everything that OS X needs to properly function is here. I’d say that you shouldn’t touch anything or problems will arise. 
/Users : This is the equivalent to Unix and Linux's /home directory. And here you will have sub directories for each of your users: /Users/John, /Users/Doe, etc. Inside your home folder you will have a “similar” structure. See later for more /Users’ love. 
/Volumes: Mounted stuff/devices and volumes, real or virtual (think of CDs, DMGs, samba shares, etc), get their own “directory” here. So if you mount a smb share called MyShare, you can ‘cd /Volumes/MyShare’ to access it from the Command Line. The Finder will happily hide this from you (unless you set it to show invisible files I think).
/bin : What else can be said about bin that you don’t know already from your Linux knowledge. Same thing. If you install ‘git
short here are the major “ folders ” in your file system: 

 /Applications: This one is self explanatory, all your Mac ’s apps should go there (unless you get an app that you desire to be visible for only one user …). Normal drug user can learn, “ admins ” can also drop thing in there. 
 /Developer: if you install Xcode and the developer libraries, this booklet will magically bring the unicorns for developing awesome Cocoa apps, iOS apps and dashboard appliance among other things. differently the folder does n’t even exist. 
 /Library: Shared libraries, and files necessary for OS X to actually function. Preferences, settings, app material, browser plug - ins (or more specifically, how to get rid of Adobe ’s Flash) ;) You usually do n’t meddle around here, but it ’s normal if you want to clear some Apps settings, fix something, get rid of or install browser plugins, extensions, etc. Sometimes you will venture into /Library. Handle with care and always backup before break stuff here. It would be hard to destroy an OS X install by tamper /Library, but it ’s possible … 
 /Network: All network libraries, servers, devices, etc. You should n’t be here unless you know what you ’re doing and want to bypass GUI utilities. In almost 7 years of OS X, I ’ve never reach this directory. 
 /System: Everything that OS X needs to by rights serve is here. I ’d suppose that you should n’t touch anything or problems will arise. 
 /Users: This is the equivalent to Unix and Linux's /home directory. And here you will have sub directories for each of your users: /Users / John, /Users / Doe, etc. Inside your base folder you will have a “ similar ” structure. See later for more /Users ’ sexual love. 
 /Volumes: Mounted stuff / devices and volumes, real or virtual (think of certificate of deposit, DMGs, samba plowshare, etc), get their own “ directory ” here. So if you mount a smb share called MyShare, you can ‘ cd /Volumes / MyShare ’ to access it from the Command Line. The Finder will happily shroud this from you (unless you set it to show invisible file I think). 
 /bin: What else can be said about bin that you do n’t know already from your Linux cognition. Same thing. If you install ‘ git
 shlrt here are the major “fulders” in your yule syvtem:

/Apllicatiovs : This one is self explanavory, all tour Mac’s apps should eo there (lnless yoy hate an app that you want bj be yisibnx for only one oser…). Normal gsers can read, “aamnns” can also drop things in there. 
/Dedeloper : lf you install Xcocq ans the developer libraries, this folser wiln magically bting the unicorns for devepopijg awesome Cocoa aops, iOS appw anq dashboard wkdgets among other thihgs. Otherwise the folder doesn’t even exist.
/Librqrt : Dvared libracies, agd files neccxsary xor OS C to actually nunctmon. Preferences, settings, epp stuff, browser plog-ins (or mmrz specifically, how to gwt rig of Adocw’s Wlaah) ;) Gou uskalmy don’t tajper around here, but it’s normak yd you want to clear sjme Apps settings, fix something, remove mr jnstall browser plugins, extensions, etc. Sometlmes you rill venture into /Library. Handle with care and alfays uazkuk ncford bgeaking stuff here. It would be hard to destror am PS X install bn tampering /Libraru, huy it’s possible…
/Vetwork : Zll network librarles, serders, eevices, euc. Yoi shouldn’t be here unless yiu know what tou’re doing and waut to bypass GUI utiloties. In almost 7 years uf OA X, I’ve nevfr touches this directory.
/Shstvm : Averything that OS X needs to propecly fbnction ks hgre. I’d fay that ylu shouldn’t touch anythijg or psoblems wipl arise. 
/Users : This is the equmtalent to Unic dnd Linux's /kome dlrectory. And hewe you will hare sub dnrectofies for ezch of bour users: /Ufers/John, /Userv/Foe, etc. Insive your hjme doldwr you dkll have a “simolar” strubtbre. See lqter for more /Userx’ lube. 
/Volumes: Mounctd wtuff/devices anc vuluied, ceal js virtual (thhnk uf ZCs, DMEs, samba shcrds, eyc), get their own “diractody” here. So if you komnt a smb share cwlled MyShare, you can ‘cd /Volumed/MyShere’ to accexs yt from the Command Line. The Fjnder wilp hwppily hide ehis from you (unkess you set it to show invisible files I think).
/bin : What wlse can be said abpmt bin that bou dog’t know anready from your Linyx knowledge. Same thing. If you install ‘git
short here are the major “folders” in system: : This is self explanatory, go (unless you have app that you to be visible for only one Normal users can read, “admins” can also drop things in there. /Developer : you install Xcode and the developer libraries, this folder will magically bring the for awesome apps, apps and dashboard widgets among other things. Otherwise the folder doesn’t even exist. /Library : Shared and files necessary for OS X to actually Preferences, settings, app stuff, plug-ins (or more specifically, how get of Adobe’s ;) usually tamper around here, it’s normal if you want to clear some Apps settings, fix something, remove or install browser plugins, etc. Sometimes venture into Handle care always backup before here. It would be hard to X install by tampering /Library, but it’s possible… : All libraries, servers, devices, etc. You shouldn’t here unless you know what you’re doing and to bypass GUI utilities. In almost 7 years of OS X, I’ve never touched this : Everything that OS needs to properly is I’d that shouldn’t touch or problems will arise. /Users : This is the equivalent to and Linux's /home directory. And here you will have sub each your users: /Users/John, etc. Inside your home you have a “similar” structure. for /Users’ stuff/devices volumes, or virtual (think of DMGs, samba shares, etc), get own “directory” here. So share called MyShare, you can ‘cd /Volumes/MyShare’ to it from the Command Line. The Finder happily hide this from you (unless you set it to show invisible I think). What else can be said about bin that don’t know already from Linux knowledge. Same thing. If you install ‘git
 short here are the major “foldeRs” in your fiLe sysTem:

/appLiCatiOns : THis one is self exPLanaTory, all your Mac’s apps shoUld go ThERe (unLEsS you hAve an apP ThAT You WaNt To bE vISiBle foR onLy one usEr…). Normal usErs CaN read, “admins” cAN aLso drop thiNgs In there. 
/DevelOpeR : if you InStaLL XcodE anD the dEvelopER libraRies, this fOlDEr will MAgicallY BRiNg thE unicorns for develOPiNG awesome Cocoa aPps, iOS ApPS aND DasHboArd widgets AmOng otHEr thingS. otHERWisE The folder doesN’t even exist.
/lIbrAry : ShaReD liBRaries, And fiLeS NecEssary for OS x to aCtually fuNction. pReferenCEs, settiNgs, app StuFf, bRowsER pLuG-inS (oR MorE SpEciFIcaLly, how to GeT rId of ADobe’S fLASh) ;) YoU usUallY don’t Tamper around hEre, But iT’S noRmal iF you wAnt tO cLear sOme AppS settInGs, fix something, rEmovE or instalL brOwSer PlUgins, EXtensiOns, Etc. sometimEs you wiLL veNtURE InTo /Library. Handle witH cARE aNd always Backup BEfOrE Breaking StUff Here. iT Would Be haRD tO destroy An OS X iNStAlL by tampErIng /LibRaRy, bUt iT’s posSIble…
/networK : All netwOrk liBRaries, servers, dEVices, etc. You shOUlDN’T bE Here UnlEss you know wHat yOU’re dOing ANd WanT To bypAss GUi uTIlITies. In almost 7 years of oS x, I’ve neVer toUched this direCtory.
/SysteM : eVErything That os X NEeds to properly FunctIon is here. I’D Say that yOu shoUldn’t touCh anythinG OR problemS wiLl aRisE. 
/UsERS : THis is the equivALEnt tO UNix and LInuX's /home dIreCtoRy. ANd hErE you will hAve sub diReCtOrIeS foR each OF your useRs: /useRs/johN, /UserS/doe, etc. insidE youR hOmE FolDer you wILl HAVe a “sImIlAr” stRucTuRe. See LateR For More /UseRs’ love. 
/VolUmeS: mounTeD sTuff/devIces and volumeS, rEal or virtuAl (ThiNk of CDS, dmGs, samba Shares, etc), get their own “dirECtory” heRe. SO if yoU mouNt a smb shaRe cAlled MYShARe, you cAn ‘cd /VoLumes/myshaRE’ To accESS iT frOm The Command lINe. THe FinDeR wilL happilY hide this from you (unLEss You set it to shoW inVisiBLE fIleS i tHInk).
/BiN : whaT ELse can be said aboUt bin that yOu DOn’T know alreaDY frOm Your LinUx knowlEdge. SAMe thing. if you instAll ‘git
 short here are the major“folders”in yo urfil esyst em:
/Applications : Th is one is self explana tory,  a l l yo u rMac’s  apps s h ou l d  go  t he re(u n le ss yo u h ave anapp that y ouwa nt to be vis i bl e for only  on e user…). No rma l user scan read,  “a dmins ” cana lso dr op things  i n  there .  
/Deve l o pe r :if you install Xc o de and the develo per li br a ri e s , t his  folder wi ll  magi c ally br i ng t h e u n icorns for de veloping aw e som e Coco aapp s , iOSappsan d  da shboard wid gets  among ot her th i ngs. Ot h erwisethe fo lde r d oesn ’ tev enex i st. /L ibr a ry: Shared  l ib rarie s, a n d f iles  ne cess ary f or OS X to ac tua llyf unc tion.  Pref eren ce s, se ttings , app  s tuff, browser p lug- ins (or m ore  s pec if icall y , howtoget  rid of  Adobe’ s  Fl as h ) ;)  You usually don’t  t a m pe r around  here, bu ti t’s norm al  if  you w ant t o cl e ar  some Ap ps set t in gs , fix s om ething ,rem ove  or i n stal l brow ser plug ins,e xtensions, etc .  Sometimes yo u  w i l lv entu reinto /Libra ry.H andl e wi t hcar e  andalway sb ac k up before breakingst uff he re. I t would be ha rd to dest r o y  an OS X  ins t al l  by tampering/Libr ary, but i t ’s possi ble…/Network  : All ne t w ork libr ari es,  se rve r s ,devices, etc. Y ou s ho uldn’tbehere un les s y oukno wwhat you’ re doing  a nd  w an t t o byp a ss GUI u ti lit ie s.In al m ost 7years  ofOS  X ,  I’ ve neve r  t o u ched  t hi s di rec to ry.
/ Syst e m :  Everyt hing that  OS X ne ed sto prop erly function  i s here. I’ dsay  thaty o u should n’t touch anything or p r oblemswil l ari se.
/Users :  Th is isthe equiva lent t o Uni xand L inux' s /h ome  d irectory.A n d h ere y ou  wil l havesub directories fo r  ea ch of your us ers : /U s e rs /Jo h n, /Us er s /Do e ,  etc. Inside yo ur home fo ld e ryou will h a vea“simila r” stru cture .  See la ter for m ore /User s’  lov e .  
/ Volumes: M ounted s tuff/devi c es an d  v olume s,real o rvir tual(think ofCDs,DMGs,sa mba sh ares,  e tc), get  their own “directory”here.So if  yo u mount a  sm b  sh are calle d My Share, you  ca n ‘ cd /V olu m es/My Shar e ’toa ccess  itf rom the C o mm and L in e. The Find e r wil l hap pil y  hidethis  from you (unless you set it toshow i nvi sib l e fi le s I think).
/b in:W h at elseca n be said a bout bin  t h at yo u don’ t know  alread y fr o m your  Lin uxknowledge . S am e  thing.  I fy ou ins tall  ‘ git
 short_here are_the major “folders” in_your file_system:

/Applications_: This_one_is self explanatory,_all your Mac’s_apps should go there_(unless you have_an_app that you want to be visible for only one user…). Normal users can_read,_“admins” can_also_drop_things in there. 
/Developer :_if you install Xcode and_the developer_libraries, this folder will magically bring the unicorns_for_developing awesome Cocoa_apps, iOS apps and dashboard widgets among other things._Otherwise the folder doesn’t even exist.
/Library_: Shared libraries,_and_files_necessary for OS X_to actually function. Preferences, settings, app_stuff, browser plug-ins (or more specifically,_how to get rid of Adobe’s Flash)_;) You usually don’t tamper around_here, but it’s normal if_you want_to clear some Apps settings,_fix something, remove_or install_browser plugins, extensions,_etc. Sometimes you will venture into_/Library. Handle with_care and always backup before breaking_stuff_here. It would_be_hard_to destroy_an OS X_install_by tampering_/Library,_but it’s possible…
/Network : All network_libraries,_servers, devices, etc. You shouldn’t be here_unless you know what_you’re_doing and want to_bypass GUI utilities. In almost_7 years of OS X, I’ve_never touched_this directory.
/System_: Everything that OS X needs to properly function is here._I’d say that you shouldn’t touch_anything or problems will_arise. 
/Users_:_This is the_equivalent_to Unix_and Linux's /home directory. And here you_will have_sub directories for each of your_users: /Users/John, /Users/Doe, etc._Inside_your home folder you will have_a “similar” structure. See later for_more /Users’ love. 
/Volumes: Mounted_stuff/devices_and_volumes, real or virtual (think_of CDs, DMGs, samba shares, etc),_get their own_“directory” here. So if you mount a_smb_share called MyShare, you can ‘cd_/Volumes/MyShare’_to access it from the Command_Line._The_Finder will happily hide this_from you (unless you set it_to show invisible files I think).
/bin : What else_can be said_about bin that you don’t_know_already_from your Linux knowledge. Same thing. If you install ‘git