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Acceleration of recovery after injury to the peripheral nervous system using ultrasound and other therapeutic modalities.
Taken together, these studies show the promise of various therapeutic modalities for the noninvasive treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Further progress on these promising methods requires determining the biologic mechanisms responsible for the ability of these modalities to enhance peripheral nerve recovery. Necessary investigations include validation or refutation of the hypothesis that these therapies act on various aspects of the natural healing process. Examples include cellular and molecular processes involved in promoting Wallerian degeneration and the rate and specificity of axonal regeneration and remyelination and muscle reinnervation, processes that are distributed between the regenerating nerve itself, the pathway of the regenerating axon, and the target of the regenerating nerve. An increased understanding of the biologic mechanisms underlying the enhancement of peripheral nerve recovery after injury would lend greater insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in successful nerve regeneration and muscle reinnervation. This increased understanding may also result in clinically beneficial treatments for peripheral nerve disorders. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Patient characteristics that influence efficacy of prophylaxis with rFVIII-FS three times per week: a subgroup analysis of the LIPLONG study.
Prospective data on the efficacy of secondary prophylaxis in adults with haemophilia A are limited. To analyse bleeding outcomes in the sucrose-formulated recombinant factor VIII [rFVIII-FS (control)] arm of the LIPLONG study, a randomized, double-blind, 52-week trial was conducted in patients with severe haemophilia A receiving prophylaxis with the investigational product BAY 79-4980 or rFVIII-FS. The per-protocol population of previously treated patients with severe haemophilia A without a history of inhibitors (n = 68 males; mean age, 34.4 years) received 25 IU kg−1 rFVIII-FS three times per week for a median of 50.7 weeks. Annualized bleeding rates were assessed and analysed according to predefined target joint status at study start, prestudy treatment type (prophylaxis vs. on demand), age (<30 or ≥30 years), geographical region, bleeding frequency during the previous 6 months and physical activity status during the study using the Student t-test. The annualized median (range) number of bleeds was 2.2 (0.0–23) bleeds per year. The median (range) number of bleeds per year was significantly lower in patient subgroups without vs. with target joints [0.5 (0.0–17.1) vs. 4.2 (0.0–22.8); P = 0.02] and in those with ≤9 vs. >9 bleeds during the previous 6 months [1.1 (0.0–19.2) vs. 5.3 (0.0–22.8); P = 0.01]. Following randomization to prophylaxis with rFVIII-FS, bleeding frequency was effectively reduced. Absence of target joints and prestudy bleeding frequency were predictors of a low bleeding frequency during prophylaxis treatment. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Therapeutic hypothermia for spinal cord injury.
In this article, the role of modest hypothermia for the treatment of experimental and clinical spinal cord injury (SCI) is discussed. While early investigations evaluated the beneficial effects of more profound levels of local hypothermia treatment following SCI, recent studies have concentrated on the benefits of mild hypothermia in protecting and promoting functional recovery in established animal models. In this regard, using preclinical models of both thoracic and cervical contusive SCI, early cooling strategies using systemically administered mild hypothermia (33 degrees C) have been reported to improve locomotive function as well as forelimb gripping strength and coordination. Recently, the effects of modest hypothermia in severely injured SCI patients have also been tested. Modest systemic hypothermia was reported to be both safe and achievable in severely injured SCI patients. This evidence-based review summarizes both experimental and clinical data to support the use of modest hypothermia in the acute SCI setting. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Structural and spectroscopic studies of the native hemocyanin from Maia squinado and its structural subunits.
The dodecameric hemocyanin of the crab Maia squinado contains five major electrophoretically separable polypeptide chains (structural subunits) which have been purified by FPLC ion exchange chromatography. The various proteins have been characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, combined with fluorescence quenching studies, using acrylamide, caesium chloride and potassium iodide as tryptophan quenchers. The results show that the tryptophyl side chains of dodecameric Hc are deeply buried in hydrophobic regions of the hemocyanin aggregates and the quenching efficiency values for the native Hc in comparison with those from the constituent subunits are two to four times less. The conformational stabilities of the native dodecameric aggregate and its isolated structural subunits towards various denaturants (pH, temperature, guanidinium hydrochloride) indicate that the quaternary structure is stabilized by hydrophilic and polar forces, whereby, both, the oxy- and apo-forms of the protein have been considered. The critical temperatures for the structural subunits, Tc, determined by fluorescence spectroscopy, are in the region of 50-60 degrees C, coinciding with the melting temperatures, Tm, determined by CD spectroscopy. The free energy of stabilization in water, deltaG(D)H2O, toward guanidinium hydrochloride is about two times higher for the dodecamer as compared to the isolated subunits. These studies reveal that oligomerization between functional subunits has a stabilizing effect on the whole molecule and differences in the primary structures result in different stabilities of the subunits. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Maintenance of remission and monotherapy status over 66 months in patients with psoriatic arthritis receiving etanercept.
To determine if patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who achieved remission within 6 months with etanercept (ETN) treatment (with or without methotrexate) were able to maintain remission over 66 months. Monotherapy status over the study duration was also monitored. This was a post hoc analysis of PROVE (NCT00938015), a multicentre, observational study into the long-term adherence of ETN performed in rheumatology clinics in Belgium. To be included in PROVE, patients had active PsA and were either already receiving ETN treatment or had recently been prescribed it. Patients who achieved remission (defined as zero joints with synovitis) after 6 months of ETN treatment were monitored for maintenance of remission at each subsequent visit. In addition, patients on ETN monotherapy at Month 6 were observed. 303 patients participated and 156 (51.5%) patients completed 66 months of ETN treatment. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) disease duration was 7.5 (7.4) years and the majority had polyarticular-type PsA (87.1%). Overall, 142 patients achieved remission after 6 months of ETN treatment. Among the 83 patients who were in remission at Month 6 and remained in the study until the end, 72 (86.7%) were still in remission at Month 66. After 6 months, 66 patients were receiving ETN monotherapy and the majority continued with it until Month 66 (n=22/26; 84.6%). Within this patient population, remission was achieved quickly and was sustained in the long-term. Of those patients who were receiving monotherapy, most continued with this treatment strategy for the duration of the study. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Safety in shipping: the human element.
There are numerous diverse papers that have addressed issues within maritime safety; to date there has been no comprehensive review of this literature to aggregate the causal factors within accidents in shipping and surmise current knowledge. This paper reviewed the literature on safety in three key areas: common themes of accidents, the influence of human error, and interventions to make shipping safer. The review included 20 studies of seafaring across the following areas: fatigue, stress, health, situation awareness, teamwork, decision-making, communication, automation, and safety culture. The review identifies the relative contributions of individual and organizational factors in shipping accidents, and also presents the methodological issues with previous research. The paper concludes that monitoring and modifying the human factors issues presented in this paper could contribute to maritime safety performance. This review illustrates which human factors issues are prevalent in incidents therefore this gives shipping practitioners a focus for interventions. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Heat stability of carboxypeptidase R of experimental animals.
Carboxypeptidase N (CPN) and carboxypeptidase R (CPR) are present in fresh serum, and cleave C-terminal arginine or lysine residues from bioactive peptides such as anaphylatoxins and kinins resulting in regulation of peptide activity. Although CPN is present in the active form in plasma, CPR is generated from proCPR by trypsin-like enzymes such as thrombin. CPR regulates not only inflammatory peptides but also restricts fibrinolysis. To elucidate the complex role of CPN and CPR in vivo, studies in animal models will be essential. CPR of guinea pig, rat and rabbit decayed at 37 C rapidly as in the case of human CPR. However, at 25 C, CPR of those species decayed to some extent, although human serum CPR did not decay within 60 min. In the presence of thrombin inhibitor, CPR in the sera of animals tested decayed more rapidly than CPR in serum without thrombin inhibitor suggesting that additional generation of CPR may have been prevented during decay evaluation. However, human serum CPR decayed more rapidly in the absence of thrombin inhibitor indicating that thrombin may accelerate the decay in human serum. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Isolation and partial characterization of the Campylobacter rectus cytotoxin.
Previously, we reported the antigranulocytic activity of Campylobacter rectus media supernatants containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a 104 kDa protein. Here, we monitored the release of protein and LPS through the growth cycle of C. rectus ATCC 33238 and identified the 104 kDa protein as the cytotoxin. LPS in media supernatants was quantitated by a KDO assay; the 104 kDa protein was detected on immunoblots with specific antibody (A104) and quantitated by amino acid analysis of membrane immobilized protein bands. C. rectus cell product release was independent of cell lysis. Over 24 h, the 104 kDa protein was released linearly while LPS was released in two plateaus; both increased in C. rectus culture supernatants 3 h after inoculation achieving maximum concentrations at 21 h of 3.1 micrograms/ml and 14.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. In 2 h, trypan blue viability assays, 37-47 micrograms of 12, 18 and 24 h supernatant protein killed 33-43% of HL-60 cells. Supernatant toxicity was heat sensitive and inhibited by A104. Sequencing the 16 N-terminal amino acids of the cytotoxin distinguished it from described C. rectus proteins. Similarities between epitopes and amino acid compositions of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin and C. rectus cytotoxin were observed. These data indicate that C. rectus secretes a 104 kDa cytotoxin. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Environmental education and nursing: a necessary integration].
Environmental issue should be discussed in educational actions, because this debate leads people to reflect on what is ecologically healthy. It was aimed to reflect on Health promotion, Environmental education and Nursing. This is a reflexive study on environmental health in three groups: Promotion of environmental and human health; Educational actions in Environmental health; and Nursing and Health education. It was verified that environmental education is a theme that includes human well-being, being necessary actions of health promotion that qualify individual and community to practice their empowerment and autonomy. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Insulin enhances amylase and lipase activity in the pancreas of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. An in vivo study.
To analyze the biochemical effect of in vivo insulin therapy on the amylase and lipase activities in the pancreatic acinar cells of streptozotocin-diabetic rats, and to detect any possible regeneration in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans using transmission electron microscopy. Adult male albino Fischer-344 rats were divided into 3 groups, the first group received drug vehicle and served as controls, the 2nd group was made diabetic with a single intravenous dose of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg body weight), while the 3rd group was made diabetic as in its 2nd group but the rats were treated with Lente human insulin. Their body weight, blood glucose and glucosuria were regularly recorded, and blood samples for serum immunoreactive insulin assay were taken from each rat at sacrifice. The largest part of each excised pancreas was homogenized for biochemical assay of amylase, lipase and insulin, while only a small part of the gland was used for morphological survey. The study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. The serum immunoreactive and pancreatic-homogenate insulin levels of the untreated diabetic rats were reduced by 85% and 37% compared with those of the controls. Their pancreatic amylase and lipase levels were also reduced by 66% and 43%. Insulin treatment of diabetic rats resulted in a 65-fold increase in serum immunoreactive insulin, and approximately 61%, 47%, and 25% increase in the pancreatic-homogenate levels of amylase, lipase, and insulin. Electron microscopic examination of the pancreas of untreated and insulin-treated diabetic rats showed no evidence of beta cell regeneration. Inspite of the controversies in an extensively studied field of in vivo and in vitro influence of insulin on pancreatic enzymes, our present biochemical data clearly indicates that in vivo insulin administration has a stimulant effect on both amylase and lipase activity in the pancreatic acinar cells of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. It also proposes that insulin might play an important role in beta cell regeneration although no morphological evidence of beta cell mitosis was demonstrable. We finally suggest that the biochemical assay of pancreatic enzymes might be of value in determining the severity and chronicity of human insulin-dependent diabetes, and can be used as a parameter in evaluating the response to treatment. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Ambulatory diagnoses-cluster statistics of patient visits at a clinic in the Amazon Region of Ecuador.
Mondana Clinic is a small rural clinic located in the Napo river region of the Amazon basin in Ecuador. Since its opening in 1997 the clinic has grown to be the primary health care facility for approximately 3000 individuals. A retrospective study was performed tabulating the ambulatory diagnosis, age, sex, and domicile of patients over a 9 month period in 1999. During the study period there were 765 patient visits that resulted in at least one diagnosis. Of the patient visits, 175 (22.8%) resulted in multiple diagnoses. Women accounted for 58% of the patient visits, which is similar to the 60% of ambulatory patient visits made in the USA by women. The age distribution showed 66% of patients were under 25 years of age. When comparing diagnoses of males with females, several differences were noted. As expected, urinary tract infections were approximately four-fold more common in females than in males. Gastritis and headaches were also more common reasons for patient visits in the female population than in the male. Conversely, lacerations, abrasions, and contusions ranked higher in the male than in the female population for patient visits. This study is the first to provide public health information for this region that will prove useful to the health professionals and funding agencies working in the region. Furthermore, it provides a baseline for comparison with other regions in Ecuador and South America in general, as well as comparisons with data-rich countries such as the USA. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
EGF receptor activation decreases retroviral gene transfer through protein kinase C-delta.
Although much progress has been made in the design of retrovirus vectors, the interactions of recombinant retrovirus with host cells remain largely elusive. The inability of recombinant retrovirus to transduce non-dividing cells prompted several studies to determine optimal cocktails of growth factors and/or extracellular matrix molecules to promote gene transfer to slowly diving cells and stem cells. In contrast to previous reports that growth factors increased gene transfer, we found that treatment of human epidermal keratinocytes and several cell lines with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands EGF, transforming growth factor-alpha, or heparin-binding-EGF decreased gene transfer. Conversely, treatment with an EGFR function-blocking antibody or inhibition of EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation enhanced gene transfer in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, blocking protein kinase C (PKC)-delta but not PKC-zeta, with chemical inhibitors or small interfering RNA reversed the effects of EGF and restored gene transfer, indicating that the effect of EGFR activation is mediated through PKC-delta. Lastly, cell cycle analysis showed that the effect of EGFR activation on retroviral gene transfer was independent of the cell cycle status of target cells. Our results implicate EGFR and PKC-delta in retroviral infection and may have implications for retrovirus gene transfer or design of antiretroviral therapies. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Syntaxin 13 is a developmentally regulated SNARE involved in neurite outgrowth and endosomal trafficking.
In addition to its role in exocytosis, SNAP-25 is essential for axonal outgrowth. In order to identify SNARE proteins involved in neurite growth we have used SNAP-25 antibodies to affinity-purify protein complexes enriched in developing rat brain membrane extracts. We have identified a complex between SNAP-25 and syntaxin 13 predominantly present in brain at embryonic or early postnatal stages. We show that syntaxin 13 is developmentally regulated with a decrease in adult brain. In differentiated neuroendocrine PC12 cells as well as primary cortical neurons the protein is localized to a punctated and tubular staining in the perinuclear region and along processes with high levels in the central region of growth cones. Carboxy-terminally tagged syntaxin 13 was also detected on the plasma membrane by in vivo surface-labelling where it colocalized with SNAP-25. Syntaxin 13 has recently been shown to be implicated in early endosomal trafficking. In our study, colocalization with internalized transferrin in the cell body and along neurites confirmed endosomal location in both compartments. Finally, overexpression of full-length syntaxin 13 enhanced neurite outgrowth in NGF-stimulated PC12 cells, whilst it had no effect on regulated secretion. The data suggest that a syntaxin 13-dependent endocytic trafficking step plays a limiting role in membrane expansion during neuronal development. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Clinically isolated discharges from the nipples. Apropos of 74 cases].
74 cases with discharge from the breasts were treated surgically by pyramidectomy and histology. The histology was studied. The causes were: 1) ectasia (55%), 2) papilloma (30%) and 3), much more rare, cancer (8%). A blood-stained discharge (31 cases, 42%) could be due to these three causes, but the 4 cancers and the 2 borderline lesions belonged to the group of blood-stained discharges. A serious discharge (17 cases, 23%) could be due to ectasia or a papilloma. A thick discharge (16 cases, 21.5%) is always due to ectasia. The lactiferous duct is treated clinically and using X-rays to outline it. X-ray diagnostic methods and cytology are used in making the diagnosis. Clusters of papillae show that there is intra-canular proliferation. The literature is reviewed and a scheme of treatment is outlined. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate during acute kidney injury in man.
During acute kidney injury (AKI), lowered glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is believed to be consequent to reduced renal plasma flow (RPF). We aimed to systematically evaluate the evidence for such an association. Using specific search terms, we systematically interrogated the Pub Med electronic reference database for studies of human AKI where renal plasma or blood flow and GFR were measured; older articles were then identified by screening bibliographies of retrieved reports. We identified 22 articles describing 250 patients (203 native kidney, 47 in renal allograft). Of these studies, 8 articles (110 patients) estimated effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) by clearance techniques and 14 articles (140 patients) estimated true renal plasma flow (TRPF). Mean RPF was 272 mL/min (95% CI 213-331) and GFR 13.9 mL/min (9.9-17.9). Mean TRPF was significantly greater than mean ERPF (344 vs. 180, p=0.004) despite lower mean GFR (8.8 vs. 20.4, p=0.002). There was no significant association between RPF and GFR between studies. Eleven studies presented individual patient data (76 patients: 49 TRPF, 27 ERPF); here, individual patient ERPF was associated with GFR (r2=0.52), but TRPF was not. During AKI in man, there is only a limited association between ERPF and GFR, and no detectable association between TRPF and GFR. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Predictive value of history taking and physical examination in diagnosing arrhythmias in general practice.
Palpitations and light-headedness are common symptoms that may be indicative of cardiac arrhythmias. Effective triage by the GP might prevent delayed treatment or inappropriate referrals. The aim of this study was to determine the capability of GPs to assess the presence of cardiac arrhythmias and which signs and symptoms are used in predicting the presence of arrhythmias and which actually are related to the presence of arrhythmias. A consecutive cohort of 127 patients presenting with palpitations and/or light-headedness to 41 GPs in the Netherlands underwent physical examination, patient history and standard electrocardiogram. The GPs' estimation of the probability of patients having an arrhythmia was compared with the diagnostic result of 30 days of continuous event recording (CER). We assessed discriminating factors that can assist a GP in diagnosing an arrhythmia. No correlation was found between the GPs' assessment of risk and actual diagnoses. GPs were more likely to predict an arrhythmia in patients who suffer from hypertension (P=0.049) or patients with a history of cardiovascular disease (P=0.006). Vasovagal symptoms [odds ratio (OR)=2.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-7.6] and bradycardia (OR=4.2, 95% CI 1.3-14.0) were significantly more common in patients with a CER diagnosis of arrhythmia. Prediction of arrhythmias by GPs based on history taking and physical examination alone is not accurate. These parameters are insufficient to decide which patients need further diagnostic evaluation. A diagnostic facility with low threshold for GPs is essential for an adequate diagnostic process in patients with palpitations and light-headedness. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Sensitive polyneuropathy and diabetic cardiovascular dysautonomy].
We performed a clinical and physiological study in diabetic patients with distal symmetrical sensory neuropathy in an attempt to correlate the extension of sensory loss with alterations of cardiocirculatory tests. These tests included measurement of blood pressure and heart rate in the recumbent and upright positions, Valsalva's manoeuvre and respiratory variations of R-R intervals. We thus studied 56 patients with distal sensory neuropathy. We found that all three tests were impaired in all patients with sensory loss above the knee level. We found a highly significant correlation between the level of sensory loss and impairment of physiological tests (p < 0.001). We conclude that both sensory loss above the knee and impairment of all three cardiocirculatory tests result from a severe neuropathy, but this correlation may not be sufficient to assert that cardiocirculatory impairment that occurs in diabetic neuropathy is a length dependent phenomenon. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
SEN virus seroprevalence in HIV positive patients: association with immunosuppression and HIV-replication.
Patients infected with HIV are often co-infected with other viruses. SEN virus (SENV) was isolated from a HIV positive patient with intravenous drug use and post-transfusion hepatitis. SENV strains D and H seem to be relevant for the development of post-transfusion hepatitis. We compared the prevalence of SENV strains D and H and the viral load of SENV H in HIV-infected patients with healthy blood donors. The results were correlated with clinical markers such as HIV stage, CD4 cell count, HIV-RNA positivity, HAART or the transmission mode in HIV infected individuals. Blood samples of 143 HIV-positive patients were analysed and compared with a control group of 122 healthy blood donors. SENV D and -H was detected by PCR. SENV was detectable in 15.4% (22/143) of HIV-positive patients compared to 10.4% (12/122) in the control group (P=0.18). SENV H DNA-levels were significantly higher in HIV-positive patients (P=0.01). The prevalence in patients with CD4 cells less than 200/mm(3) was 31% (13/42), compared to 12.3% (8/65) in cases with CD4 cells between 200 and 500/mm(3), and 2.8% in cases with CD4 cells above 500/mm(3) (P=0.002 for CD4 cells <200 versus CD4 cells >200, P=0.031 for CD4 cells <500 versus CD4 cells >500). Prevalence of these strains was not significantly influenced by CDC stages. SENV was detected significantly more frequent in patients with detectable HIV-RNA (P=0.005). Patients undergoing HAART were significantly less frequent positive for SENV D or -H (P=0.029) than patients without HAART. In a multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model HIV-RNA positivity and CD4 cell count were identified as independent factors for SENV prevalence. SENV (D and H) prevalence is not significantly higher in HIV-positive patients in comparison to healthy blood donors. SENV prevalence depends on CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Predictors of fatal outcome in acute myocardial infarction.
Myocardial infarction is one of the most common life threatening diagnoses in emergency hospital admissions. Most of the complications occur during the first few hours while the patients are likely to be in the hospital. Although the mortality rate after admission for myocardial infarction has declined significantly over the last two decades but it still remains high. Survival is markedly influenced by age of the patient, presence of different risk factors and complications that patients develop after myocardial infarction. We conducted a study at Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC/NIHD) to document the predictors of mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients with first acute myocardial infarction admitted to the hospital from Feb. 2007 to June 2007 were included in the study. It was a descriptive case series study and data was collected on a pre-designed proforma with convenient sampling technique. Patients were assessed clinically with special emphasis on history of typical chest pain and physical examination. Relevant investigations were carried out to establish the diagnosis. Two hundred and fifty cases were assessed. Mean age was 57.94-14.00 years. Males were 74.4% and Females were 25.6%. Overall in-hospital mortality was 9.2%. Females had a higher mortality (14.06%) as compared to males (7.52%). Mortality was also related with age of the patient and Diabetes Mellitus. Other features adversely affecting the in-hospital mortality included higher Killip class, anterior wall myocardial infarction and higher peak Creatine Kinase (CK) levels. Mortality was also higher in patients who did not receive thrombolytic therapy for different reasons. Patients with certain risk factors are more prone to develop complications and have a higher mortality rate. Identification of some of these risk factors and timely management of complications may reduce mortality. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
White blood cell differential: a call for standards.
The technology available to count and classify white blood cells has rapidly evolved from 1974 to the present. Two previous conferences, the College of American Pathologists Aspen Conference (1977) and Blood Cells in Paris (1980) have considered the technical and medical questions raised by these new technologies. The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) met in November 1984 to continue this debate and to provide a forum for manufacturers, laboratory directors, and government regulatory agencies to establish standards for the performance of the white blood cell differential. The development and clinical evaluation of the current commercially available white cell differential counters is reviewed as background for this meeting. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Local hyperthermia in treatment of experimental liver tumors.
An experimental model for local microwave hyperthermia treatment of liver tumors is presented. Fifty-four Wistar rats were inoculated with a transplantable adenocarcinoma (NGW) in the central liver lobe. Ten to 16 days later 28 of the rats were exposed to local hyperthermia. A master thermistor placed in the liver parenchyma adjacent to the tumor controlled the hyperthermia, and the tumor-bearing liver lobe was maintained at 42.0 degrees C for 1 hour. At laparotomy 7 days after treatment, the tumor volume was measured. Four weeks after tumor inoculation, autopsy was performed. The tumor and the surrounding parenchyma was excised for histopathologic examination. A statistically significant reduction in tumor growth was found after exposure to local hyperthermia, the effect of hyperthermia being most pronounced in moderate-sized tumors (300-500 mm3 or 0.5-0.75 g). In larger tumors (greater than 900 mm3 or greater than 1.1 g) extensive necrosis developed after hyperthermia treatment. This indicates good tumoricidal effect even in large tumors, although this is not obvious if reduction in tumor growth is used as the only parameter to evaluate the effect of hyperthermia. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Physicochemical and structural characterization of iron-sucrose formulations: a comparative study.
Intravenous polynuclear iron formulations are vital components in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia associated with chronic kidney disease as well as other diseases associated with gastro-intestinal and cardio-vascular system. Intravenous iron preparations consist of iron-carbohydrate nanoparticles with iron-oxyhydroxide as a core covered by carbohydrate shell. These preparations should be very well characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties and pharmacological profile in order to establish safety and efficacy. The present research work was aimed to physicochemically characterize a new generic iron-sucrose preparation (IS-Claris) and establish its equivalency with the reference product (Venofer®). Various analytical techniques including gel permeation chromatography (GPC), mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF), absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (proton and (13)C NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed. It was observed that the specifications of IS-Claris obtained through these analyses reflect those of Venofer® and hence the two formulations were considered comparable. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Strabismus after retinal detachment surgery.
Strabismus after retinal detachment surgery is temporary in most cases. Long-term diplopia, however, is seen in 5% to 25% of patients. In most cases the cause is restrictive strabismus due to adhesions, muscle fibrosis, or scarring involving the buckling material. Deviations due to direct muscle injury and "sensory" deviations due to poor vision also occur. Nonsurgical treatments include prisms and botulinum toxin injections. Surgical intervention using adjustable sutures is successful in most cases. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Short-chain arabinoxylans prepared from enzymatically treated wheat grain exert prebiotic effects during the broiler starter period.
Carbohydrate-degrading multi-enzyme preparations (MEP) are used to improve broiler performances. Their mode of action is complex and not fully understood. In this study, we compared the effect of water-soluble fractions isolated at the pilot scale from wheat grain incubated with (WE) and without (WC) MEP. The fractions were incorporated in a wheat-based diet (0.1% w/w) to feed Ross PM3 broilers and compared with a non-supplemented control group (NC). The body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) until d 14 were determined. At d 14, ileal and cecal contents and tissue samples were collected from euthanized animals. The intestinal contents were used to measure the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration using gas chromatography and to determine the abundance and composition of microbiota using 16S sequencing. Villi length of ileal samples was measured, while L-cell and T-cell densities were determined using immuno-histochemistry. The MEP treatment increased the amount of water-soluble arabinoxylans (AX) and reduced their molecular weight while retaining their polymer behavior. The WE fraction significantly (P < 0.05) increased FI by 13.8% and BWG by 14.7% during the first wk post hatch when compared to NC. No significant effect on FCR was recorded during the trial. The WE increased the abundance of Enterococcus durans and Candidatus arthromitus in the ileum and of bacteria within the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, containing abundant butyrate-producing bacteria, in the ceca. It also increased the concentration of SCFA in the ceca, decreased the T-lymphocyte infiltration in the intestinal mucosa, and increased the glucagon-like-peptide-2 (GLP-2)-producing L-cell density in the ileal epithelium compared with WC and NC. No significant effects were observed on villi length. These results showed that AX present in the WE fraction altered the microbiota composition towards butyrate producers in the ceca. Butyrate may be responsible for the reduction of inflammation, as suggested by the decrease in T-lymphocyte infiltration, which may explain the higher feed intake leading to improved animal growth. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Elevated Modified Shock Index Within 24 Hours of ICU Admission Is an Early Indicator of Mortality in the Critically Ill.
To assess whether exposure to modified shock index (MSI) in the first 24 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) admission is associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Adult critically ill patients were included in a case-control design with 1:2 matching. Cases (death) and controls (alive) were abstracted by a reviewer blinded to exposure status (MSI). Cases were matched to controls on 3 factors-age, end-stage renal disease, and ICU admission diagnosis. Eighty-three cases and 159 controls were included. On univariate analysis, lorazepam administration (odds ratio [OR]: 5.75, confidence interval [CI] = 2.28-14.47; P ≤ .01), shock requiring vasopressors (OR: 3.62, CI = 1.77-7.40; P ≤ .01), maximum MSI (OR: 2.77 per unit, CI = 1.63-4.71; P ≤ .001), and elevated acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) III score at 1 hour (OR: 1.41 per 10 units, CI = 1.19-1.66; P ≤ .001) were associated with mortality. Maximum MSI (OR: 1.93 per unit, CI = 1.07-3.48, P = .03) and APACHE III score at 1 hour (OR: 1.29 per 10 units, CI = 1.09-1.53; P = .003) remained significant with mortality in the multivariate analysis. The optimal cutoff point for high MSI and mortality was 1.8. Critically ill patients who demonstrate an elevated MSI within the first 24 hours of ICU admission have a significant mortality risk. Given that MSI is easily calculated at the bedside, clinicians may institute interventions earlier which could improve survival. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Improvement of left ventricular function during combined carvedilol, ramipril and spironolactone therapy after myocarditis in patient treated earlier by chemotherapy due to Hodgkin's lymphoma - 3-years follow-up].
The case of woman with dysfunction of left ventricle (LV) possible due to Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment and following myocarditis is presented. Triple therapy with carvedilol, ramipril and spironolactone was continued to prevent further LV remodeling. During 3-years follow-up repeated echocardiographic examinations revealed gradual improvement of LV function and clinical condition of the patient. Results of current studies suggest benefits of early implementation of aldosterone antagonist therapy in addition to ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptors blockers and beta-blockers in patients with chronic heart failure. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Deviations in cortex sulcation associated with visual hallucinations in schizophrenia.
Hallucinations, and auditory hallucinations (AH) in particular, constitute the most typical and disabling schizophrenia symptoms. Although visual hallucinations (VH) have been largely neglected in psychiatric disorders, a recent review reported a 27% mean prevalence of VH in schizophrenia patients. The pathophysiology underlying VH in schizophrenia remains elusive. Several schizophrenia studies reported a significant effect of age on VH; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia may explain VH occurrence. We analyzed cortex sulcation, a marker of brain development, in healthy controls (HCs) and two subgroups of carefully selected schizophrenia patients suffering from hallucinations: patients with only AH (that is, patients who never reported VH) and patients with audio-visual hallucinations (A+VH). Different cortical sulcation and left-right sulcal asymmetry were found between A+VH and AH patients, with decreased sulcation in both A+VH and AH patients in comparison with the HCs. Although a specific association between VH and neurodegenerative mechanisms, for example, in Body-Lewy Dementia or Parkinson's Disease, has previously been reported in the literature, the current study provides the first neuroimaging evidence of an association between VH and neurodevelopmental mechanisms. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Seminal plasma effects on sperm handling and female fertility.
The components of ruminant seminal plasma and their influence on the fertility of spermatozoa are reviewed. Seminal plasma can both inhibit and stimulate sperm function and fertility through the multifunctional actions of organic and inorganic components. These effects are now better understood because the composition of the seminal plasma, including its protein content and that of other structures, specifically membrane vesicles, has been clarified. Spermatozoa gain motility and fertilizing capacity as they transit the epididymis under the influence of factors produced by that organ. At ejaculation, inhibitory (termed "decapacitation") factors, sourced from the accessory sex glands, bind to the sperm surface. The major proteins isolated and characterised in ram seminal plasma, whose specific functions are yet to be determined, originate from the vesicular gland and comprise a spermadhesin together with proteins with fibronectin-II domains. In vitro handling of spermatozoa in preparation for artificial insemination (AI), involving processes such as dilution, cooling, freezing, re-warming and sperm sexing by flow cytometric sorting, can remove seminal plasma and may modify the proteins bound to the sperm surface. This destabilises the membranes and may pre-capacitate the spermatozoa, shortening their fertilizing lifespan. These changes may be reversible by seminal plasma fractions but responses differ depending on the type of sperm pre-treatment. Fertility after AI of ruminant semen may be improved if the role of seminal plasma proteins and their effect, if added individually or in combination to spermatozoa at different stages of preservation, or other manipulations such as flow cytometric sorting, can be determined. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Vibrio tapetis isolated from vesicular skin lesions in Dover sole Solea solea.
Vibrio tapetis is primarily known as the causative agent for brown ring disease in bivalves, although it has been isolated from cultivated fish during mortalities on farms. Here we describe the first isolation of V. tapetis from wild-caught and subsequently captive-held Dover sole Solea solea. Pathological features consisted of multifocal circular greyish-white skin discolourations evolving into vesicular lesions and subsequent ulcerations on the pigmented side. On the non-pigmented side, multiple circular lesions-white at the center and red at the edges-were evident. Histological examination of the vesicular lesions revealed dermal fluid-filled spaces, collagen tissue necrosis and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, with large numbers of small rod-shaped bacteria. In the deep skin lesions, loss of scales and dermal connective tissue, with degeneration and fragmentation of the myofibres bordering the ulceration, were noted. Serotyping, DNA-DNA hybridization and REP- and ERIC-PCR techniques showed that the retrieved isolates displayed a profile similar to the representative strain of genotype/serotype O2 which originally was isolated from carpet-shell clam Venerupis decussata and to which isolates obtained from wedge sole Dicologoglossa cuneata were also closely related. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Variability among turnip mosaic potyvirus isolates.
ABSTRACT Eight turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV) isolates from the Campania region of Italy were characterized. Experiments based on host range and symptomatology indicated that the isolates were biologically different. In addition, the isolates, with the exception of ITA1 and ITA3, were distinguished from each other by using a combination of monoclonal antibodies recognizing the coat protein. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the coat protein gene revealed that each isolate produced a specific SSCP profile, except for isolates ITA1 and ITA3. This study indicates that (i) even in a small geographical region, there is a great deal of variation in TuMV isolates; (ii) the use of a set of four differential hosts does not always specify the same pathotype in different environments; (iii) the TuMV isolates with the same pathotype on Brassica napus test lines can still differ in host range, symptoms, serology, and SSCP; and (iv) there was perfect correlation between the panel of antibodies and SSCP in differentiating among the isolates; ITA1 and ITA3 were indistinguishable by either assay. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Using 'draw, write and tell' to understand children's health-related experiences.
In recognising the capability and rights of children to express their experiences, 'draw, write and tell' (DWT) has emerged as a participatory qualitative research method. DWT enables children to communicate their experiences by drawing, writing words and telling the story of their pictures in response to interview questions. To discuss the challenges and benefits of using DWT to explore children's experiences of pain. Aspects that affect the quality of data in DWT include the materials used and the influences of the primary caregiver. Experience suggests that if trust between the child and researcher has been established, the duration of the interview is unimportant. While many methods of analysis can be used with data gathered using DWT, it is important to ensure children's perspectives are represented accurately. Furthermore, children's capacity as active participants in research should be reflected. Future studies could examine the potential of using drawings to share information in adult and paediatric clinical settings. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Jugular venous pulse: window into the right heart.
Although physicians began associating conspicuous neck veins with heart disease almost three centuries ago, the jugular venous pulse remains an often ignored component of the physical examination. Many physicians have not invested in the necessary understanding of the technique, and there is a misconception that its examination is difficult and of limited clinical value. When performed properly, evaluation of the jugular venous pulse can be extremely useful in distinguishing the cause of dyspnea and edema. The normal jugular venous pulse is reviewed, and pulse wave abnormalities are described, including ways in which they can provide clues to the diagnosis of certain disease states, ranging from pericardial disease to conduction disturbances. The jugular venous pulse provides a window into the right heart and an occasional glimpse of left heart hemodynamics. By peering through this window, clinicians can gain valuable information in the diagnostic evaluation of the cardiovascular patient. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Application of shock waves in medicine.
Extracorporeal-generated shock waves were introduced approximately 20 years ago to disintegrate kidney stones. This treatment method substantially changed the treatment of urolithiasis. Shock waves have become the treatment of choice for kidney and ureteral stones. Urology, however, is not the only medical field for the potential use of shock waves for problems. Shock waves subsequently have been used in orthopaedics and traumatology to treat various insertional tendinopathies (enthesiopathies) and delayed unions and nonunions of fracture. Shock wave application also has been used in the treatment of tendinopathies in veterinary conditions (race horses). The concept of orthopaedic disorders is that shock waves stimulate or reactivate healing processes in tendons, surrounding tissue and bones, probably through microdisruption of avascular or minimally vascular tissues to encourage revascularization, release of local growth factors, and the recruitment of appropriate stem cells conducive to more normal tissue healing. The current author will give an overview of history and basic research of the application of shock waves in medicine. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Co-evolutionary relationships between the nematode subfamily Cloacininae and its macropodid marsupial hosts.
Morphologically based phylogenies of the cloacinine genera Cyclostrongylus, Macropostrongylus, Pharyngostrongylus, Popovastrongylus, Rugopharynx, Thallostonema, Wallabinema, and Zoniolaimus were constructed and compared with the phylogeny of their respective macropodid hosts. These comparisons show some evidence of co-speciation. However, there was little consistency among trees of different nematode genera, parasite species were scattered amongst hosts and basal parasite taxa were, in some instances, parasitic in hosts belonging to derived clades. A cladistic analysis, using as characters 208 cloacinine nematode species found in 23 species of host, produced a tree largely resembling that of the host tree but with significant differences explainable by host switching among macropodids occupying similar habitat. Nematodes were moderately host-specific, but some species occurred in three or more distantly related host species indicating a degree of host switching. The results are more consistent with the hypothesis of a colonisation of macropodid hosts by cloacinine nematodes rather than a prolonged period of co-speciation although alternative interpretations of the data are also considered. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Synthesis of Reactive Polymers for Acrolein Capture Using AGET ATRP.
Acrolein is a toxic metabolite of the anticancer agent cyclophosphamide (CP). Current strategies to mitigate acrolein toxicity are insufficient, and in this brief article, we report the synthesis of well-defined low molecular weight block copolymers using activators generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP) capable of reacting with the cytotoxic small molecule acrolein. Acrolein reactivity was introduced into the block copolymers via incorporation of either (a) aminooxy or (b) sulfhydryl groups. The cytoprotective effect of the polymers was compared to sodium 2-sulfanylethanesulfonate (mesna) the current gold standard for protection from CP urotoxicity, and we found that the polymers bearing sulfhydryl moieties demonstrated superior cytoprotective activity. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Intermittent oral versus intravenous alfacalcidol in dialysis patients.
Patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) on maintenance dialysis, commonly develop secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy (ROD). Alfacalcidol, taken orally or administered intravenously, is known to reverse these complications. In this study, 19 ESRF patients, who were on dialysis (13 on hemodialysis and six on peritoneal dialysis) for longer than six months and having serum parathormone levels at least four times normal and serum calcium less than 2.1 mmol/L, were randomly allocated to treatment with oral or intravenous (i.v.) alfacalcidol for a period of 12 months. There were six patients on hemodialysis (HD) and three on peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the oral treatment group while in the i.v. group there were seven patients on HD and three on PD. Clinical and serial biochemical assessments showed no statistically significant difference between the orally- and i.v.-treated patients in terms of suppressing secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteodystrophy. However, patients with features of mild ROD on bone histology, had more satisfactory changes in biochemistry when compared to others. Our results further support the use of intermittent oral alfacalcidol in ESRF patients because of its cost effectiveness, ease of administration and convenience, especially for peritoneal dialysis patients. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Management of bacterial endocarditis.
Most cases of bacterial endocarditis involve infection with viridans streptococci, enterococci, coagulase-positive staphylococci or coagulase-negative staphylococci. The choice of antibiotic therapy for bacterial endocarditis is determined by the identity and antibiotic susceptibility of the infecting organism, the type of cardiac valve involved (native or prosthetic) and characteristics of the patient, such as drug allergies. Antibiotic therapies discussed in this report are based on recommendations of the American Heart Association. Treatment with aqueous penicillin or ceftriaxone is effective for most infections caused by streptococci. A combination of penicillin or ampicillin with gentamicin is appropriate for endocarditis caused by enterococci that are not highly resistant to penicillin. Vancomycin should be substituted for penicillin when high-level resistance is present. Resistance of enterococci to multiple antibiotics including vancomycin is becoming an increasing problem. Native valve infection by methicillin-susceptible staphylococci is treated with nafcillin, oxacillin or cefazolin. The addition of gentamicin for the first three to five days may accelerate clearing of bacteremia. Infection of a prosthetic valve by a staphylococcal organism should be treated with three antibiotics: oral rifampin and gentamicin and either nafcillin, oxacillin, cefazolin or vancomycin, depending on susceptibility to methicillin. Vancomycin is substituted for penicillin in patients with a history of immediate-type hypersensitivity to penicillin. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Running Mechanics and Variability with Aging.
As the elderly population in the United States continues to grow, issues related to maintenance of health become increasingly important. Physical activity has positive benefits for healthy aging. Running, a popular form of exercise, is associated with the risk of developing injury, especially in older runners. Initial differences between older and younger runners have been observed, but these were observed without consideration of other differences between groups, such as running mileage. This study aims to compare running mechanics and lower-extremity coordination variability in matched groups of healthy younger and healthy older runners. Three-dimensional kinetics and kinematics were collected while 14 older adults (45-65 yr) and younger adults (18-35 yr) ran overground at 3.5 m·s. Knee, ankle, and hip joint angles and moments were determined. Discrete measures at foot strike (maximum and minimum) were determined and compared between groups. Segment angles during stance were utilized to calculate segment coordination variability between pelvis and thigh, thigh and shank, and shank and foot, using a modified vector coding technique. Knee and ankle joint angles were similar between groups (P > 0.05). Older runners had greater hip range of motion (P = 0.01) and peak hip flexion (P = 0.001) at a more extended hip position than younger runners. Older runners had smaller ankle plantarflexion moment (P = 0.04) and hip rotational moment (P = 0.005) than younger runners. There were no between-group differences in any of the variability measures (P > 0.05). Runners appear to maintain movement patterns and variability during running with increasing age, indicating that running itself may be contributing to maintenance of health among older runners in the current study. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Revision arthroscopic partial meniscectomy of the knee. A retrospective review.
The aim in this study was to find out if there were any revision operations in patients who underwent an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy and we attempted to identify the factor(s) that may be associated with the need for that revision. We reviewed 1,603 patients who underwent an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, and 16 cases of revision were identified (rate 1%). Nine factors were analysed: age, sex, affected knee, affected meniscus, private or National Health Service (NHS) patient, symptoms prior to the most recent meniscectomy, type of tear, history of re-injury and the progression of Outerbridge changes to the articular surfaces. There was a significant risk for a revision meniscectomy in patients with horizontal/partial thickness tears compared to flap tears. No additional factor analysed was significantly associated with a revision procedure. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
MIBG causes oxidative stress and up-regulation of anti-oxidant enzymes in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-BE(2c).
We report the effects of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), a neuroblastoma-seeking agent, on cell proliferation and several oxidative stress-related parameters in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-BE(2c). MIBG inhibited the proliferation of this cell line in micromolar concentrations. Measurements of the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (a measure of the extent of lipid peroxidation) of cells treated with MIBG showed that increasing concentrations of MIBG led to an increase in MDA levels of the cells. This effect was most pronounced after one day of cellular exposure to MIBG and disappeared after 3 days. Disappearance of the elevated MDA levels caused by MIBG is probably the result of increased activity of the H2O2 detoxifying enzymes, catalase and glutathion peroxidase (GPx). The catalase- and GPx-enzyme activity of cells exposed to MIBG steadily increased with time, reaching a maximum after 4 days. Oxidative stress caused by MIBG thus at first leads to cellular damage (lipid peroxidation) but over a longer period does not lead to decreased proliferation rate of the cells, most likely because of cellular adaptation to increased oxidative stress by up-regulation of the H2O2 detoxifying enzymes catalase and GPx. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Is random screening of value in detecting glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism within a hypertensive population?
Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA) is a rare inherited cause for hypertension associated with a significant morbidity and mortality at an early age. Individuals with this abnormality frequently present with severe hypertension which is resistant to standard antihypertensive therapy, a strong family history of hypertension, intracranial haemorrhage, and sporadic hypokalaemia. However many affected individuals may appear phenotypically indistinguishable from normal essential hypertensives but remain at high risk of morbidity and mortality. To determine how effective random or targeted screening of hypertensive patients is for the detection of GRA. A prospective study involving the screening of 300 hypertensive patients chosen at random attending the Aberdeen Hypertension Clinic and, during the same period, the targeted screening of patients with a medical and family history suggestive of GRA. A University hospital with a primary catchment of 500,000 inhabitants and a hypertension clinic population of over 8500 patients. Random screening failed to identify any GRA mutation-positive individuals. Targeted screening of selected individuals revealed two index families and four further families containing 40 mutation-positive individuals. Targeted screening of hypertensive individuals with a family history of hypertension, cerebral haemorrhage, a history of hypertension from an early age, resistant hypertension which has proven difficult to control and hypokalaemia revealed two index cases and four further individuals and 30 hypertensive and 10 normotensive members of their families with GRA. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The use of a variable cut-off value of cervical length in women admitted for preterm labor before and after 32 weeks.
To determine whether the optimal cut-off value to predict low risk of preterm delivery in women admitted for preterm labor should be adjusted for gestational age. A cohort of 333 women with singleton pregnancies admitted with preterm labor and intact membranes between 24 and < 36 weeks' gestation was studied. The women were categorized according to prematurity into one of two groups: those admitted at < 32 weeks (Group 1, very preterm) and those admitted at >or= 32 weeks (Group 2, preterm). Transvaginal ultrasound was performed 24-48 h after admission and cervical length measured. The predictive value of different cut-off points was explored. Outcome variables were spontaneous preterm delivery within 7 days of admission and delivery at < 34 weeks. The mean ( +/- SD) gestational ages at admission and delivery were 31.9 ( +/- 2.6) and 37.5 ( +/- 2.2) weeks, respectively, and the mean ( +/- SD) cervical length was 30.4 ( +/- 8.9) mm. The rates of spontaneous delivery within 7 days and at < 34 weeks were 6.3 and 7.0%, respectively. The cut-off value of 15-mm cervical length showed a sensitivity, negative predictive value and false positive rate for delivery within 7 days of 0, 96.5 and 2.7% in the very preterm group, and 35.3, 94.6 and 4% in the preterm group, respectively. For a cut-off point of 25 mm, these values were 75, 99 and 14.3%, and 70.6, 96.8 and 24.5%. The predictive value of different cut-off points of cervical length is similar at different gestational ages. However, the higher false positive rate after 32 weeks' gestation might justify the adoption of gestational-age related cut-off values in clinical protocols. In women admitted at < 32 weeks' gestation, a cut-off point of 25 mm may be used to predict a low risk of preterm delivery, whereas in women admitted at 32 weeks or later, 15 mm might be more appropriate. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Thoracoscopic lobectomy: a safe and effective strategy for patients with stage I lung cancer.
Thoracoscopic lobectomy is emerging as a potential alternative to thoracotomy for early stage lung cancer. The issues of safety and oncologic efficacy should be analyzed before recommending this procedure for widespread use. Thoracoscopic lobectomy was attempted in 110 consecutive patients (age, 35 to 81 years) with tumors that were judged to be amenable to lobectomy over a 26-month period. Exclusion criteria included tumors greater than 5 cm in diameter, T3 tumors, endobronchial tumors visible at bronchoscopy, the use of induction therapy, extensive N1 disease on computed tomographic scan, and N2 disease at mediastinoscopy. The procedures were performed without rib spreading using two ports and included anatomic hilar dissection and individual vessel stapling. Thoracoscopic lobectomy and mediastinal lymph dissection was successfully performed in 108 patients (98.2%); 2 patients required conversion to thoracotomy to control bleeding in the setting of dense hilar adenopathy. There were no intraoperative deaths and 4 perioperative deaths (3.6%) caused by pneumonia and associated adult respiratory distress syndrome (3 patients) and stroke (1 patient). Major complications included pneumonia (5 patients), stroke (1 patient), and return to the operating room to revise the bronchial closure (1 patient). Minor complications included prolonged air leak (6 patients), atrial fibrillation (4 patients), blood transfusion (2 patients) and ileus (1 patient). Median time to chest tube removal was 3 days, and median length of stay was 3 days. Thoracoscopic lobectomy is a safe and effective strategy for patients with early stage lung cancer. Long-term follow-up is required to determine if recurrence rate and 5-year survival are comparable with thoracotomy for lobectomy. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Personality hardiness, work-related stress, and health in hospital nurses.
Personality hardiness is a set of beliefs about oneself and the world one lives in. Hardier persons take control of their lives, believe that commitment to goals will result in positive outcomes, and perceive daily stressors as challenges. Hardiness has been linked with less stress and fewer health problems among various occupational groups. This study found that among 237 hospital nurses, work-related stress and emotional exhaustion were associated with greater health problems in the form of anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints. Hardier nurses reported less work-related stress, less emotional exhaustion, and less anxiety, depression, and somatization. This article discusses considerations for strengthening future studies concerned with the relationships between personality hardiness, work-related stress, and health in nurses. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Moyamoya disease associated with hereditary spherocytosis.
A 5-year-old girl with hereditary spherocytosis presented with two episodes of transient ischemic attacks within a month. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging angiography revealed a left internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery stenosis, with an extensive vascular mesh in the thalamic area indicative of moyamoya disease. Treatment consisted of supporting cerebral perfusion with blood transfusions, and splenectomy to prevent recurrence. Moyamoya disease is a very unusual cerebrovascular disorder in childhood and its association with hereditary spherocytosis is rarely reported. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Changes in fungiform papillae density during development in humans.
The anterior region of the human tongue ceases to grow by 8-10 years of age and the posterior region at 15-16 years. This study was conducted with 30 adults and 85 children (7-12 year olds) to determine whether the cessation of growth in the anterior tongue coincides with the stabilization of the number and distribution of fungiform papillae (FP) on this region of the tongue. This is important for understanding when the human sense of taste becomes adult in function. This study also aimed to determine whether a small subpopulation of papillae could be used to predict the total number of papillae. FP were photographed and analyzed using a digital camera. The results indicated that the number of papillae stabilized at 9-10 years of age, whereas the distribution and growth of papillae stabilized at 11-12 years of age. One subpopulation of papillae predicted the density of papillae on the whole anterior tongue of 7-10 year olds, whereas another was the best predictor for the older children and adults. Overall, the population, size, and distribution of FP stabilized by 11-12 years of age, which is very close to the age that cessation of growth of the anterior tongue occurs. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Estradiol dimers as a new class of steroid sulfatase reversible inhibitors.
A series of estradiol dimers was synthesized or selected from compounds available in our laboratory and tested for inhibition against steroid sulfatase. Dimers linked by their C17 position, compounds 7 and 8, showed inhibitory potency similar (56% and 54% at 1 microM) to that of our best previously reported reversible inhibitor EM-690 (62% at 1 microM). Docking experiment seems to indicate that C17-C17 dimers bind in a similar way to EM-690 whereas C16-O3 and C16-C16 dimers bind in an upside-down position. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
A comparative molecular analysis of water-filled limestone sinkholes in north-eastern Mexico.
Sistema Zacatón in north-eastern Mexico is host to several deep, water-filled, anoxic, karstic sinkholes (cenotes). These cenotes were explored, mapped, and geochemically and microbiologically sampled by the autonomous underwater vehicle deep phreatic thermal explorer (DEPTHX). The community structure of the filterable fraction of the water column and extensive microbial mats that coat the cenote walls was investigated by comparative analysis of small-subunit (SSU) 16S rRNA gene sequences. Full-length Sanger gene sequence analysis revealed novel microbial diversity that included three putative bacterial candidate phyla and three additional groups that showed high intra-clade distance with poorly characterized bacterial candidate phyla. Limited functional gene sequence analysis in these anoxic environments identified genes associated with methanogenesis, sulfate reduction and anaerobic ammonium oxidation. A directed, barcoded amplicon, multiplex pyrosequencing approach was employed to compare ∼100,000 bacterial SSU gene sequences from water column and wall microbial mat samples from five cenotes in Sistema Zacatón. A new, high-resolution sequence distribution profile (SDP) method identified changes in specific phylogenetic types (phylotypes) in microbial mats at varied depths; Mantel tests showed a correlation of the genetic distances between mat communities in two cenotes and the geographic location of each cenote. Community structure profiles from the water column of three neighbouring cenotes showed distinct variation; statistically significant differences in the concentration of geochemical constituents suggest that the variation observed in microbial communities between neighbouring cenotes are due to geochemical variation. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Deficiency of vascular endothelial growth factor-D does not affect murine adipose tissue development.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D deficiency had no significant effect on total body weight or on subcutaneous (SC) or gonadal (GON) adipose tissue mass of mice kept on a standard fat (SFD) or a high fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. The composition of SC and GON adipose tissues of VEGF-D deficient mice in terms of size and density of adipocytes or blood vessels was also comparable to that of wild-type control mice. Staining of lymphatic vessels in adipose tissue sections did not reveal marked differences between both genotypes. The absence of an effect of VEGF-D deficiency could not be explained by compensatory increases of VEGF-C expression in adipose tissues of the deficient mice. Thus, our data do not support an important role of VEGF-D in (lymph) angiogenesis or in adipose tissue development. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Drotrecogin alfa (activated) inhibits NF-kappa B activation and MIP-1-alpha release from isolated mononuclear cells of patients with severe sepsis.
Non-anticoagulant biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms of action, have been suggested for recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC; drotrecogin alfa (activated)). However, these mechanisms are much less characterized and understood than rhAPC's anticoagulant activity. Aim of the study was to determine the effect of rhAPC on the activity of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) in mononuclear cells isolated from septic patients and to characterize an effect downstream from NF-kappaB activation, such as the release of the NF-kappaB-controlled chemokine Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1-alpha (MIP-1-alpha). Peripheral blood was obtained from 13 septic patients and from 8 healthy controls. Mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation and were incubated with or without rhAPC (10 microg/ml) for 2 h for the measurement of NF-kappaB activity in cell lysates or alternatively for 6 h for the determination of MIP-1-alpha levels in supernatants. NF-kappaB activity was measured by an ELISA-based assay directed against the p50 and the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. RhAPC, at supra-pharmacological concentration (10 microg/ml), significantly inhibited NF-kappaB activity and the release of MIP-1-alpha ex vivo in isolated mononuclear cells from patients with severe sepsis. In mononuclear cells of healthy subjects, however, rhAPC did not change NF-kappaB activity. Basal NF-kappaB activity early in severe sepsis was not predictive for survival. RhAPC at supra-pharmacological concentration (10 microg/ml) inhibits the activity of NF-kappaB in ex vivo isolated mononuclear cells of septic patients as well as the release of MIP-1-alpha, a proinflammatory chemokine regulated by NF-kappaB. These findings may represent immunomodulatory pathways by which rhAPC exerts specific anti-inflammatory activity in vitro in addition to its known anticoagulant and profibrinolytic activity and should be further investigated in an in vivo setting. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Platelet preservation. II. The response of human platelet suspensions to hypotonic stress.
1. Platelet suspensions were exposed to hypotonic stress. Several parameters of the changes in light absorbance were investigated i.a. the initial decrease in absorbance (A min), the maximal rate of the recovery process (V max), and the value of the absorbance two hours after mixing the platelet suspension with the hypotonic solution. 2. The ratio V max/A min appeared to be independent of both platelet concentration and, within a specific range, decrease in osmolarity. 3. Cryoprotectants appeared to disturb the response to hypotonic stress. 4. Cryopreservation caused a decrease in the light absorbance of the platelet suspension, of A min, and of the recovery process. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe condition characterized by chronic obstruction of small pulmonary arteries leading to progressive right heart failure and ultimately death. Inflammatory mechanisms may play an important part in the origin or progression of the disease in a subset of patients. Whereas PAH is well known complication of some connective tissue diseases, it is a rare condition associated with systemic vasculitis. In the present report, we describe 4 cases of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-related systemic vasculitis (3 with Wegener's granulomatosis and 1 with microscopic polyangiitis) associated with PAH. We describe the clinical features of both ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis and PAH. PAH was diagnosed after the onset of the systemic vasculitis in 3 cases. In 1 case, the systemic vasculitis was active at the diagnosis of PAH and treatment of the vasculitis led to a significant improvement of PAH. In the 2 other patients, PAH occurred while the vasculitis was inactive. The remaining patient, for whom Wegener's granulomatosis was diagnosed 2 years after PAH was documented, died because of a vasculitis treatment-related side effect. Systemic vasculitides have to be added to the conditions associated with PAH. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of this association have still to be firmly established. It is probable that some PAH are due, at least in part, to direct pulmonary arteries involvement by the vasculitic process. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Microvascular Replantation of the Avulsed Lip.
Traumatic facial soft tissue injury often creates both aesthetic and functional deficits. In complete lip avulsions, microvascular replantation is a reconstructive option that has the potential to fulfill both of these goals. However, lip replantations remain rare and there are few reports in the literature. The authors aim to present a clinical report of a young male who sustained a human bite injury and underwent microvascular replantation of a completely avulsed lower lip and to review the literature and management of these complex injuries. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Crown component variation in the hominoid lower second premolar.
An exploratory analysis of crown component measurements illustrates a great increase in retrieval of morphological information over the more conventional measurements of maximum dental length and breadth. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
High frequency jet ventilation for severe pulmonary hemorrhage during aortic dissection operation--a case report.
Massive endobronchial bleeding during extracorporeal circulation was encountered in a patient during aortic dissection operation. The use of high frequency jet ventilation resulted in successful staunching of the bleeding, thus avoiding the need of pneumonectomy or lobectomy. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Contribution to the morphology and biochemistry of mustelide blood. 1. Blood specimen collection in various mustelides with special reference to the use of the tissue adhesive "Fimomed"].
An account is given of various techniques of blood sampling in the context of certain mustelids, including cardiopuncture, amputation of tail tip, talon cutting, incision of the ear vein, puncture of the jugular or femoral vein, and catheterisation of the abdominal aorta. Reference is made to details of use of all techniques, characteristics, advantages and potential setbacks, and preferable use of some of the tested methods to collect blood from mustela and martes species. Blood collection from the abdominal aorta may be helpful in obtaining no-haemolysis and no-additive plasma for biochemical multi-screening. Biochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological follow-up checks may be feasible under certain conditions following surgical exposure of the external jugular vein. The use of "Fimomed" (n-butylcyano-acrylate), a tissue adhesive, may help to reduce effort in terms of time and material and consequently, rationalise veterinary hygiene action as a whole, provided that the conditions for its application are observed. The skin adhesive is properly applicable to skin lesions of mustelids. A combination of suturing with adhesive should be used to close laparotomy wounds for better mechanical strength of the abdominal wall. Possible applications of "Fimomed" should be tested with other species as well. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Connexin-26 is a key factor mediating gemcitabine bystander effect.
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue with anticancer activity. Inside the cell, it is sequentially phosphorylated to generate the active drug. Phosphorylated nucleoside analogues have been shown to traffic through gap junctions. We investigated the participation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) as a possible mechanism spreading gemcitabine cytotoxicity in pancreatic tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic cancer biopsies revealed increased connexin 26 (Cx26) content but loss of connexins 32 (Cx32) and 43 (Cx43) expression. Cx26 abundance in neoplastic areas was confirmed by Cx26 mRNA in situ hybridization. Heterogeneity on the expression levels and the localization of Cx26, Cx32, and Cx43 were identified in pancreatic cancer cells and found to be associated with the extent of GJIC, and correlated with gemcitabine bystander cytotoxic effect. The abundance of Cx26 at the contact points in tumoral regions prompted us to study the involvement of Cx26 in the GJIC of gemcitabine toxic metabolites and their influence on the antitumoral effects of gemcitabine. Knockdown of Cx26 led to decreased GJIC and reduced gemcitabine bystander killing whereas overexpression of Cx26 triggered increased GJIC and enhanced the gemcitabine cytotoxic bystander effect. Gemcitabine treatment of mice bearing tumors, with a high GJIC capacity, resulted in a significant delay in tumor progression. Interestingly, gemcitabine administration in mice bearing tumors that overexpress Cx26 triggered a dramatic tumor regression of 50% from the initial volume. This study shows that Cx26 participates in the gap junction-mediated bystander cytoxic effect of gemcitabine and provides evidence that upregulation of Cx26 improves gemcitabine anticancer efficacy. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Poikiloderma with neutropenia: genotype-ethnic origin correlation, expanding phenotype and literature review.
Poikiloderma with neutropenia (PN), is a rare genodermatosis associated with patognomic features of poikiloderma and permanent neutropenia. Three common recurrent mutations of related gene, USB1, were considered to be associated with three different ethnic origins. The most common recurrent mutation, c.531delA, has been detected in seven Caucasian patients in the literature. In this paper, we present review of all patients from the literature and report two additional patients of Turkish ancestry with the diagnosis of PN. The diagnosis of these two PN patients were made clinically and confirmed by molecular analysis which detected the most common recurrent mutation, c.531delA. Genotype-ethnic origin correlation hypothesis, therefore, has been strengthened with this result. Short stature in PN, is a common finding, which until now has never been treated with growth hormone (GH). One of our patients is the first patient with attempted treatment of short stature via GH administration. Finally, both of our patients had high-pitched voice and vocal cord nodules which might be considered as additional clinical findings not associated with PN before. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Using multiple buddy wires to facilitate left ventricular lead advancement in cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Left ventricular lead positioning is always the critical step in cardiac resynchronization therapy because of the complex anatomy of coronary sinus branches. We describe the case of a 46-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy and complete left bundle branch block presenting with heart failure. The placing of the left ventricular lead into the posterolateral branch was hampered by an angulated portion at the proximal branch even with the assistance of anchor wire technique and one to two additional parallel wires' support. The use of three buddy wires facilitated the advancement of the left ventricular lead. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Abnormal neuroleptic/dopamine receptors in schizophrenia.
In order to test the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, the neuroleptic/dopamine receptors in three dopamine-rich regions of 53 postmortem normal human brains and 42 schizophrenic brains were measured using 3H-haloperidol and 3H-spiperone. The binding of 2 nM 3H-haloperidol was significantly elevated in the caudate nucleus (90 +/- 10%) and the putamen (61 +/- 6%) from schizophrenic brains. The binding of 1 nM 3H-spiperone was also elevated by 50 +/- 7% in schizophrenic caudate and 47 +/- 8% in the putamen. The nucleus accumbens from schizophrenic brains revealed an enhanced binding of 110 to 115%. In those schizophrenic patients who had no history of being treated with neuroleptic drugs the brain regions also exhibited significantly higher (29-80%) binding of 3H-neuroleptics. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that schizophrenia may be associated with an overactivity of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Cleft palate fistulas: a multivariate statistical analysis of prevalence, etiology, and surgical management.
A retrospective, multivariate statistical analysis of 129 consecutive nonsyndromic patients undergoing cleft palate repair was performed to document the incidence of postoperative fistulas, to determine their cause, and to review methods of surgical management. Nasal-alveolar fistulas and/or anterior palatal fistulas that were intentionally not repaired were excluded from study. Cleft palate fistulas (CPFs) occurred in 30 of 129 patients (23 percent), although nearly a half were 1 to 2 mm in size. Extent of clefting, as estimated by the Veau classification, was significantly more severe in those patients who developed cleft palate fistula. Type of palate closure also influenced the frequency of cleft palate fistula. Forty-three percent of patients undergoing Wardill-type closures developed cleft palate fistula versus 10, 22, and 0 percent for Furlow, von Langenbeck, and Dorrance style closures, respectively. The fistula rate was similar in patients with (30 percent) and without (25 percent) intravelar veloplasty. Age at palate closure did not significantly affect the rate of fistulization; however, the surgeon performing the initial closure did not have an effect. Thirty-seven percent of patients developed recurrent cleft palate fistulas following initial fistula repair. Recurrence of cleft palate fistulas was not influenced by severity of cleft or type of original palate repair. Following end-stage management, a second cleft palate fistula recurrence occurred in 25 percent of patients. Continued open discussion of results of cleft palate repair is recommended. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Prophylactic antibiotic therapy in surgery: applications in digestive surgery].
Prophylactic use of antibiotic presently constitutes one essential method in the prevention of postoperative infections in digestive surgery. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is based upon well-codified general rules and on indications determined by the type of surgery, the micro-organismal flora in the organ in question and relevant risk factors. An overview of these principles and indications is presented. The options available for different types of digestive surgery (gastroduodenal, biliary, colorectal) are reassessed in light of defined indications and the results of randomized trials. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
OS075. Endothelial-dependent vascular function is significantly impaired in obesity and restored by overexpression of DDAH1: Evidence for the role of ADMA.
Obesity is a significant independent risk factor for preeclampsia. Vascular dysfunction is a central pathophysiological feature of preeclampsia. Vascular dysfunction is common in obesity. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and metabolized primarily by the enzyme DDAH1. ADMA is significantly elevated in obesity and preeclampsia. The focus of this study was to investigate the role of elevated ADMA in obesity-mediated vascular dysfunction. Endothelial-dependent and independent- vascular function of mesenteric arteries was assessed using an isometric myograph. Arteries from pregnant female C57/B6J control lean (n=7), control obese (n=12), DDAH1 overexpressing lean (n=6) and DDAH1 obese (n=10) mice were investigated. Obesity was induced by a high fat diet (42% fat, with adjusted calories, Harlan Teklad) for 8 weeks prior to mating. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA with significance at p<0.05. DDAH1 transgenic mice and control wild-type mice both increased body weight significantly on the high fat diet compared to lean mice (p<0.01). Obese mice also evidenced significantly elevated leptin concentrations (control obese= 4.1ng/ml and DDAH1 obese 3.9ng/ml) compared to lean mice (1.1ng/ml, p<0.05) reflecting increased adiposity. Contractile response to phenylephrine was not different between arteries from all groups of pregnant mice, however tension was greater in arteries from control obese mice compared to control lean mice (p<0.01). Methacholine-induced endothelial-dependent relaxation was significantly blunted in arteries from control obese mice (66±14%) compared to control lean mice (93±2%, p<0.001). In contrast, endothelial-dependent relaxation was intact in arteries from DDAH1 obese mice (90±8%). Endothelial-dependent relaxation was restored in arteries from control obese mice by ex-vivo incubation with L-arginine (91±9%). Endothelial-dependent relaxation was not different between arteries from all groups of mice in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME. Similarly, endothelial-independent relaxation in response to nitroprusside was not different between arteries from all groups of mice. Overexpression of the ADMA metabolizing enzyme DDAH1 is protective of the obesity-mediated loss in endothelial-dependent relaxation. These data suggest that elevated ADMA is a significant contributor to vascular dysfunction in pregnancy. This project supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01-HL091094. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescent and adult psychiatric inpatients--a retrospective chart design.
The knowledge available on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescents is largely anecdotal, or based on findings from adults. The aim of the present study is to compare the use of ECT in adolescent and adult inpatients. We retrospectively analyzed the files of all 36 adolescent (between the ages of 13 and 19) and 57 randomly selected adult inpatients (above the age of 20) treated with ECT in a university-affiliated mental heath center in Israel between 1991 and 1997. Sixty one percent of the adolescents improved by the end of treatment, and 53% were not hospitalized in the subsequent year. The respective percentages among adults were 83% and 49%. Whereas most adults were treated with ECT because of schizophrenic disorders, almost half of the adolescents received ECT for affective disorders. Significantly more adolescents were treated with ECT because of acute life-endangering conditions (catatonia or severe suicidal risk). No significant adverse effects were found in both groups. Our study is based on a retrospective chart review. The adolescent and adult groups are different in psychiatric morbidity, diagnosis and outcome, have not been assessed in a blind manner, and we have not used standardized psychometric batteries for the evaluation of ECT-related memory disturbances. ECT may be an effective, well-tolerated and safe procedure in both adult and adolescent inpatients. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Expressions of epithelial cell adhesion molecule, vimentin and N-cadherin in molecular subtypes of breast cancer and the correlation among them].
To examine the expressions of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), vimentin and N-cadherin in breast cancer and its molecular subtypes, and to explore the correlation among them. Methods: The expressions of EpCAM, vimentin and N-cadherin were detected by immunohistochemistry in 835 patients with breast cancer, and their correlations with clinical pathological features and prognosis were analyzed. Results: The expression rates of EpCAM, vimentin and N-cadherin in the patients were 53.4%, 11.4% and 9.7% respectively, which were increased with the increase in tumor size, histological grade, lymph node size, tumor node stage of metastases classification, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor levels (all P<0.05). The positive expression rates for EpCAM protein in luminal A, luminal B (HER2-), luminal B (HER2+), HER2 overexpression and triple-negative subtypes were 19.2%, 73.0%, 48.9%, 72.2%, and 62.1% respectively; for vimentin were 3.9%, 11.4%, 14.1%, 11.1%, and 20.5% respectively; for N-cadherin were 7.0%, 5.7%, 12.0%, 12.2% and 17.4% respectively, with statistical difference (all P<0.05). EpCAM expression was positively correlated with vimentin and N-cadherin in patients with breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. Conclusion: EpCAM is overexpressed in triple-negative subtype of breast cancer and it is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, which might be related to breast cancer progression and metastasis. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Using conditional maximization to determine hyperparameters in model-based fMRI.
In model-based analysis of fMRI data, a neural or cognitive mathematical model of behavior is used to predict changes in fMRI activity. The model predictions are often applied as a parametric modulation of the main stimulus effect within the context of the general linear model (GLM). Using a mathematical model has become an important method for connecting fMRI signals to behavior because the model represents how stimulus processing leads to behavior, and the parametric modulation represents a specific test about the profile of stimulus-related fMRI activity (for review and discussion, see O'Doherty et al., 2007). However, in some cases the parameters of the mathematical model may be under-determined because there is a range of values that equally well account for behavior, or perhaps an exploratory analysis is desired. Thus, in order to fully gauge the applicability of some mathematical model it would be useful to understand how fMRI analysis depends on those parameters. Here, a conditional maximization procedure is developed to search for parameter values in the mathematical model as hyperparameters in the GLM. Simulations and analysis with real fMRI data show that conditional maximization is an effective and simple procedure for estimating hyperparameters. General recommendations and caveats for using hyperparameters in model-based fMRI analysis are also presented. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Structure and macromolecular assembly of two isoforms of the major sperm protein (MSP) from the amoeboid sperm of the nematode, Ascaris suum.
Ascaris sperm are amoeboid cells that crawl by extending pseudopods. Although amoeboid motility is generally mediated through an actin-based cytoskeleton, Ascaris sperm lack this system. Instead, their major sperm protein (MSP) forms an extensive filament system that appears to fulfil this function. Because their motility appears to be essentially the same as that of their actin-rich counterparts, Ascaris sperm offer a simple alternative system for investigation of the molecular mechanism of amoeboid movement. To examine the structure and composition of the cytoskeleton, we stabilized the extremely labile native MSP filaments by detergent lysis of sperm in the presence of either glutaraldehyde or polyethylene glycol (PEG). Biochemical analysis showed that the cytoskeleton contained two isoforms of MSP, designated alpha- and beta-, that we purified and sequenced. Both contain 126 amino acids and have an acetylated N-terminal alanine, but differ at four residues so that alpha-MSP is 142 Da larger and 0.6 pH unit more basic than beta-MSP. Neither isoform shares sequence homology with other cytoskeletal proteins. In ethanol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD), and other water-miscible alcohols each isoform assembled into filaments 10 nm wide with a characteristic substructure repeating axially at 9 nm. These filaments were indistinguishable from native fibers isolated from detergent-lysed sperm. Pelleting assays indicated a critical concentration for assembly of 0.2 mM for both isoforms in 30% ethanol, but alpha-MSP formed filaments at lower solvent concentration than beta-MSP. When incubated in polyethylene glycol, both isoforms formed thin, needle-shaped crystals that appeared to be constructed from helical fibers, with a 9 nm axial repeat that matched that seen in isolated filaments. These crystals probably contained a parallel array of helical filaments, and may enable both the structure of MSP molecules and their mode of assembly into higher aggregates to be investigated to high resolution. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Treatment strategy for recurrent or residual colorectal tumors after endoscopic resection.
Piecemeal resection of colorectal neoplasms is associated with a higher risk of recurrent or residual tumors, but nearly all such cases can be cured by additional endoscopic resection (ER). Although the adoption of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal neoplasm is continuing, the safety of this treatment for recurrent or residual tumors has not been fully assessed. We evaluated salvage therapy for the treatment of recurrent or residual tumors, and propose an endoscopic treatment strategy for these tumors. This retrospective study was conducted for 60 consecutive patients who had with locally recurrent or residual tumor after ER between January 2004 and October 2005. Endoscopic treatment strategy, treatment results, complications and clinical outcomes were recorded. Among 69 lesions in 60 patients, 67 were treated endoscopically, whereas 2 required surgical treatment. Of these 67, 87% (58/67) were resected by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and 13% (9/67) by ESD. En bloc resection rate was 39% (23/58) in the EMR group and 56% (5/9) in the ESD group. One limitation of this study is that it was a single-center retrospective analysis. ESD is safe and effective for the treatment of recurrent or residual colorectal tumors. However, because of its technical difficulty, the en bloc resection rate is lower than that for the treatment of nonrecurrent lesions. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Color and chemical stability of a variety of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in solution and powder forms.
The color and chemical stabilities of six anthocyanins, including cyanidin 3-glucoside, highly purified and present in semipurified extracts (also containing other anthocyanins) from grape pomace, purple corn, and black rice, were determined in combination with ascorbic acid in solutions at differing pH values (3.0 and 4.0) and temperatures (6-40 °C) and lyophilized powders at different relative humidities (43-98% RH). Color and chemical changes were analyzed using CIELAB measurements and HPLC, respectively. In liquids, stability was inversely related to increasing pH and temperature; for powders, stability was inversely related to RH. The mutual destruction of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in solution was confirmed, with unexpected new findings showing no significant stabilizing/destabilizing effect based upon anthocyanin structure, including differing flavylium core (three types) and type of acylation (two aliphatic, one cinnamic acid), or final extract purity. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The effects of orthotic intervention on nerve conduction and functional outcome in carpal tunnel syndrome: A prospective follow-up study.
To evaluate the effects of using night orthosis for 6 weeks in patients with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), including a follow up after 3 months using electrophysiological and functional outcome measurements. 12 week follow-up prospective study. Twenty-two patients with a total of 36 hands diagnosed as CTS were included. Subjects were informed about using a night orthosis for 6 weeks and were evaluated at the baseline, 6th and 12th week. Median motor distal latency was significantly decreased and median motor compound muscle action potential was significantly increased at the 6th week. Median sensory velocity was significantly increased at the 12th week. No significant difference was found in terms of functional outcome measurements. Electrophysiological follow-up findings support the positive effects of using a wrist orthosis on median nerve conduction for CTS patients. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Effects of anthelmintics on the development of eggs of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in vitro.
Effects of the anthelmintics, pyrantel and levamisole, on egg development of Angiostrongylus costaricensis were studied in vitro. After 7 days, about 80% of eggs developed to first-stage larvae in Ham's F-12 medium with 10% foetal calf serum under 5% CO2. Significant inhibition of development was caused by pyrantel (10(-9) - 10(-8) g ml(-1)) and levamisole (10(-9) - 10(-8) g ml(-1)) (Mann-Whitney U-test; ), and none of the eggs developed to first-stage larvae in higher concentrations of these anthelmintics (10(-7) g ml(-1)). Furthermore, incubation with these drugs at 10(-8) g ml(-1) for at least 3 h or at 10(-4) g ml(-1) for 1 h caused irreversible effects on egg development. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
SoxV, an orthologue of the CcdA disulfide transporter, is involved in thiosulfate oxidation in Rhodovulum sulfidophilum and reduces the periplasmic thioredoxin SoxW.
Proteins of the CcdA/DsbD family have previously been found to be involved in the protein disulfide isomerase and cytochrome c maturation pathways of bacteria. SoxV is a CcdA homologue encoded by a genetic locus involved in lithotrophic thiosulfate oxidation in Rhodovulum sulfidophilum. Mutagenesis studies demonstrate an essential and specific role for SoxV in thiosulfate oxidation. Another protein encoded by the same locus, SoxW, is a periplasmic thioredoxin. SoxW was found to be in the reduced state during growth of R. sulfidophilum in the presence of thiosulfate. Maintenance of SoxW in the reduced state was shown to require SoxV. Nevertheless, SoxW was found to be dispensible for thiosulfate oxidation suggesting that SoxV reduces more than one periplasmic partner protein. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Characteristics of detection of mutants on selective media].
The regularities of formation and appearance of mutants after transfer or plating yeast cells on selective media are analysed. The knowledge of these patterns is necessary for quantitative evaluation of mutants' content in the culture. Mutants formed in a cell culture, prior to transfer onto selective medium, are revealed on this medium as colonies and form a wave in time that is being observed during several days. Due to residual growth of cells, new mutants are formed and revealed as the second wave. Following two waves, an increasing front may approach which is formed from mutants of unknown origin. For evaluation of the number of mutants in the culture, prior to transfer onto selective medium, it is necessary to count up only the "first wave" of mutant colonies' appearance. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Metal contamination of active stream sediments in upper Weardale, northern Pennine Orefield, UK.
In the Upper Weardale area the headwaters of the River Wear bisect the Northern Pennine Orefield, where Pb-Zn-F-Ba vein-type mineralisation has been exploited since the Roman Conquest. The area contains evidence of open pit, underground and hydraulic mining of base metal ores, associated mineral processing and smelting, exploitation of ironstones during the industrial revolution, recent extraction of fluorite and active quarrying. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of modern sediment contamination arising from these past activities. Samples of active stream sediments were collected from all major drainage channels at 1 km intervals. The sediments were analysed for Pb, Zn, Ba, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, As, Sb, Ag and compared to data from earlier regional geochemical surveys of low order drainage samples using ArcView software. The significance of contamination levels was assessed using the Ontario aquatic sediment quality guidelines. Our results indicate widespread contamination of some major drainages by Pb, Mn, Zn and As at concentration levels anticipated to significantly affect use of the sediments by benthic organisms. Furthermore, Pb contamination shows persistence in stream sediments downstream towards agricultural areas of the floodplain and drinking water abstraction points, above which interaction with colliery mine water discharges may occur. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The efficacy of continuous passive motion after total knee arthroplasty: a comparison of three protocols.
We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to determine the efficacy of CPM following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Postoperative outcomes of interest were: swelling, drop in hemoglobin, self-reported pain scores, range of motion, and hospital length of stay. A total of 160 subjects were randomized into one of three treatment groups: CPM device on and moving from the immediate post-operative period, CPM device on and stationary at 90 degree flexion for the first night and then moving throughout the rest of their stay, and no CPM (N = 55, 51, and 54, respectfully). Subjects were followed during the first and second postoperative day until their first follow-up appointment approximately 3-4 weeks post-operatively. Cost of CPM was further evaluated. CPM provided no benefit to patients recovering from TKA. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
A Novel Strategy to Study Electrostatic Effects in Chemical Reactions: Differences between the Role of Solvent and the Active Site of Chalcone Isomerase in a Michael Addition.
The electrostatic behavior of active site residues in enzyme catalysis is quite different from that of water molecules in solution. To highlight the electrostatic differences between both environments, we propose a QM/MM strategy to study the role of the environment in chemical reactions. The novelty of the present communication is that free energy surfaces are generated by means of two distinguished reaction coordinates: a solute coordinate and the electrostatic potential created by the environment. This is applied to analyze the origin of catalysis in the transformation of a chalcone into a flavanone, a Michael addition that requires the desolvation of the nucleophile. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Green fluorescent protein as a marker to investigate targeting of organellar RNA polymerases of higher plants in vivo.
The recent identification of phage-type RNA polymerases encoded in the nuclear genome of higher plants has provided circumstantial evidence for functioning of these polymerases in the transcription of the mitochondrial and plastid genomes, as demonstrated by sequence analysis and in vitro import experiments. To determine the subcellular localization of the phage-type organellar RNA polymerases in plants, the putative transit peptides of the RNA polymerases RpoT;1 and RpoT;3 from Arabidopsis thaliana and RpoT from Chenopodium album were fused to the coding sequence of a green fluorescent protein (GFP). The constructs were used to stably transform A. thaliana. Transgenic plants were examined for green fluorescence with epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Plants expressing the GFP fusions under control of the CaMV35S promoter exhibited a distinct subcellular localization of the GFP fluorescence for each of the fusion constructs. In plants expressing GFP fusions with the putative transit peptides of ARAth;RpoT;1 and CHEal;RpoT, fluorescence was found exclusively in mitochondria, both in root and leaf cells. In contrast, GFP fluorescence in plants expressing the ARAth;RpoT;3-GFP construct accumulated in chloroplasts of leaf cells and nongreen plastids (leucoplasts) of root cells. By demonstrating targeting in plants, the data add substantial evidence for the phage-type RNA polymerases from C. album and A. thaliana to function in the transcriptional machinery of mitochondria and plastids. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Reconstruction of shoulder function using a reflected long head biceps: a moment arm study.
A tendon transfer technique is proposed for the reconstruction of the paralyzed shoulders secondary to brachial plexus injury. This innovative technique does not require bone-to-bone or tendon to-bone fixation, and attempts to overcome other clinical limitations such as those due to insufficient length of donor muscle. The approach is referred to as the reflected long head biceps (RLHB) technique. The long head of biceps tendons is utilized as a bridging tendon graft. Two surgical alternatives, namely the through-deltoid (TD) pathway and the sub-deltoid (SD) pathway, were studied. The moment arms of the transferred tendons were assessed and reported. The TD technique yielded a larger moment than the SD technique. In the plane 30 degrees anterior to the scapular plane, the average moment arms were 3.8cm TD and 3.0cm SD at zero elevation. Such differences tended to further widen with increasing elevation. At 80 degrees elevation, the moment arms became 3.2cm TD and 1.2cm SD. The results supported the clinical feasibility of this RLHB tendon transfer approach. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Unmet need for disability-related health care services and employment status among adults with disabilities in the Massachusetts Medicaid program.
The employment rate among adults with disabilities is significantly lower than that among adults without disabilities. Ensuring access to rehabilitative and other health care services may help to address health-related barriers to employment for working-age people with disabilities. This study examined the relationship of unmet need for 6 disability-related health care services to current employment status among working-age adults with disabilities enrolled in the Massachusetts Medicaid (MassHealth Standard) program. Study participants included 436 MassHealth Standard members aged 19 to 64 who responded to the 2005/2006 MassHealth Employment and Disability Survey. Variables included members' demographic characteristics; Medicaid health plan and Medicare enrollment; members' self-report of potentially disabling conditions and current health status; access to health care as well as need and unmet need for 6 specific disability-related health care services (medications, mental health services, substance abuse services, medical supplies, durable medical equipment, personal assistance services); and current employment status. Fifteen percent of members reported currently working. Logistic regression analysis showed that (controlling for demographics, disability, health status, and other factors) members with greater unmet need were significantly less likely to be working (odds ratio = 0.58; 95% confidence interval = 0.33 to 0.99). Members' experience of unmet need was significantly greater for physical health services (supplies, durable medical equipment, personal assistance services) than for behavioral health services (mental health and substance abuse services) or medications. Working members generally rated services as important to work. Approximately 10% to 22% of nonworking members thought they would be able to work if needs were met. Meeting unmet needs for disability-related health care services may result in modest increases in employment among certain working-age adults with disabilities enrolled in the Massachusetts Medicaid program. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
A revision of the genus Drasteria of Central Asia and Kazakhstan with special attention to the adjacent areas (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).
A revision of the genus Drasteria within Central Asia and Kazakhstan with attention to the adjacent areas is presented. The status and position of all Drasteria taxa known from this area is clarified, the primary types are revised, primary types and their genitalia are illustrated. The following lectotypes are designated: Leucanitis aberrans Staudinger, 1888, Leucanitis tenera var. antiqua Staudinger, 1889, Leucanitis axuana Püngeler, 1907, Leucanitis cailino var. obscura Staudinger, 1901, Leucanitis cailino forma baigacumensis John, 1921, Euclidia сatocalis Staudinger, 1882, Ophiusa astrida Eversmann, 1857, Leucanitis herzi Alphéraky, 1895, Leucanitis chinensis Alphéraky, 1892, Ophiusa flexuosa Ménétriés, 1849, Leucanitis flexuosa var. caspica Staudinger, 1901, Leucanitis indecora John, 1910, Leucanitis kabylaria A. Bang-Haas, 1906, Leucanitis kusnezovi John, 1910, Syneda langi Erschoff, 1874, Leucanitis obscurata Staudinger, 1882, Leucanitis cailino var. picta Christoph, 1877, Leucanitis picta var. radapicta Staudinger, 1901, Leucanitis saisani var. clara Staudinger, 1894, Leucanitis scolopax Alphéraky, 1892, Leucanitis sculpta Püngeler, 1904, Leucanitis pamira John, 1921, Leucanitis sesquilina Staudinger, 1888, Leucanitis sinuosa Staudinger, 1894, Leucanitis tenera Staudinger, 1877. The type locality of Drasteria antiqua corrected to "Chinese Kashgaria". The following synonymy is established: Drasteria flexuosa mongolica (Staudinger, 1896) = D. pulverosa pulverosa Wiltshire, 1969, syn. n.; = D. pulverosa intermedia Ronkay, 1985, syn. n.; D. picta (Christoph, 1877) = Drasteria austera (John, 1921), syn. n. The following new statuses are proposed: D. langi obscurata (Staudinger, 1882), stat. n., D. axuana indecora (John, 1910), stat. n. A new species, Drasteria pseudopicta Matov et Korb, sp. n., from the vicinities of Dosang (Astrakhan Province, Russia) is described. The brief DNA analysis (COI sequence) of the closely related taxa of the Central Asiatic Drasteria is presented. A key to species of the genus Drasteria of the studied area is compiled. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Exercise therapy across the lung cancer continuum.
A lung cancer diagnosis and associated therapeutic management are associated with unique and varying degrees of adverse physical/functional impairments that dramatically reduce patients' ability to tolerate exercise. Poor exercise capacity predisposes to increased susceptibility to other common age-related diseases, poor quality of life, and likely premature death. This article reviews the literature investigating the role of exercise as an adjunct therapy across the lung cancer continuum (ie, prevention to palliation). The current evidence suggests that exercise training is a safe and feasible adjunct therapy for patients with operable lung cancer both before and after pulmonary resection. Among patients with inoperable disease, feasibility and safety studies of carefully prescribed exercise training are warranted. Preliminary evidence in this area suggests that exercise therapy may be an important consideration in multidisciplinary management of patients diagnosed with lung cancer. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The clinical effectiveness of various adhesive systems: an 18-month evaluation.
The aim of this clinical trial was to compare the clinical performance of three different adhesive systems over 18 months in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Thirty patients, with at least three noncarious cervical lesions, were enrolled in the study. One operator randomly restored a total of 90 lesions with resin composite (Herculite XRV). The restorations were bonded with either Optibond FL (OF), three-step total-etch; Optibond Solo Plus (OS), two-step total-etch; or Optibond All-In-One (OA), one step self-etch. The restorations were clinically evaluated at baseline and after six, 12, and 18 months using the eight United States Public Health Services criteria. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests (p<0.05). After 18 months, the retention rate was (OF) 96.5%, (OS) 93.1%, and (OA) 89.7%. Differences among the three adhesive systems for evaluated criteria were not observed in comparison of the mean Alfa score percentages. There was a significant increase in marginal discoloration for (OA) adhesive after 18 months compared with baseline (p=0.011). Other restoration criteria had no statistically significant differences among the three adhesives (p>0.05). With the exception of marginal discoloration, the clinical effectiveness of three types of adhesive systems in NCCLs was acceptable after 18 months. However, using the one-step self-etch adhesive may lead to some marginal discolorations. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Multicentric double-blind study comparing efficacy and safety of minaprine and imipramine in dysthymic disorders.
This multicentre study compares the therapeutic efficacy and safety of minaprine (200 mg) to that of imipramine (50, 75, 100 mg) in the treatment of patients over 40 years suffering from dysthymic disorders as diagnosed according to DSM III. After 4-7 days on placebo, 67 patients were randomly assigned to receive either drug for a period of 6 weeks in a double-blind manner. As rated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and evaluated by exploratory statistics, minaprine showed similar efficacy to imipramine in these patients. Minaprine was better tolerated than imipramine according to the physicians' tolerance rating (p < 0.05) and produced significantly fewer symptoms of the autonomic nervous system as compared to imipramine (p < 0.01). | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Trajectory compensation in an autoresonant trap mass spectrometer.
The auto-resonant trap mass spectrometer, ART-MS, utilizes electrostatic ion trapping within an anharmonic potential well. Ions are detected after mass selective trap ejection with auto-resonant driving employing only low-power rf electronics. We identify the major limiting factor in the mass resolution of these instruments. Whilst keeping in the spirit of maintaining a rapid scan rate, low cost, lightweight instrument, with minimal required machining tolerances, we introduce a method for much improving the mass resolutions of an ART-MS. The addition of two electrodes has enabled an improvement in the mass resolution by a factor of ∼4. The scheme significantly reduces the effects of a finite sized trap and compensates for the influence of radial variation in natural oscillating frequencies within the trap. Compensation can be implemented with a wide range of designs and is not limited by the size of the trap. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Probable identity of Goltz syndrome and Van Allen-Myhre syndrome: evidence from phenotypic evolution.
We describe a girl who was diagnosed with split foot-split hand anomaly prenatally, in whom at birth the diagnosis of Van Allen-Myhre syndrome was made, and who at 8 months of age was recognized to have Goltz syndrome. Based on the evolution of clinical features in this infant, we suggest that our case, as well as that reported by Van Allen and Myhre, is an example of unusually severe Goltz syndrome. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis: present and future therapy including LDL-apheresis.
Atherosclerosis-induced coronary heart disease remains the major cause of death and disability in industrialized countries. Hypercholesterolemia is recognized as a causative factor in the development of atherosclerosis. While the lowering of cholesterol levels as a treatment goal has met with general agreement and acceptance, the preferred methods for doing so are still open to conjecture. This literature review discusses various factors in the hypercholesterolemia-atherosclerosis link and surveys a variety of treatment protocols including diet modification, drug therapy, surgical intervention, and plasmapheresis. Evidence is accumulating to prove that the ideal hypercholesterolemia therapy is one that reduces LDL levels while maintaining or increasing HDL levels. Because LDL-apheresis has this potential, this paper also reviews the various LDL-apheresis methods, including immunoadsorption, chemical affinity, and double-membrane filtration. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[A review of 545 consecutive free flap transfers for head and neck reconstruction in a new microsurgery unit].
To analyze the value of free flap transfers in head and neck reconstruction. Five hundred and forty-five consecutive free flap transfers performed in 507 patients from May 1999 to September 2002 were reviewed. Data concerning the operation included date of surgery, defect description and site, stage and histology of tumor, flap type, recipient vessel and complications. The free fibula flap was most commonly used, followed by free radial forearm flap, rectus abdominis flap, jejunum flap, scapular flap, illiac crest flap, latissimus dorsi flap, and anterolateral thigh flap. The overall success rate of flap was 98.2% (535/545). The overall complication rate was 25.2% (128/507). The vessel thrombosis rate was 4.8% (26/545), and the flap salvage rate was 61.5%(16/26). Free flap transfer in head and neck region is safe and reliable. It is superior to the conventional pedicled flap technique. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Effects of rostro-dorsal deafferentation of the hypothalamus on the onset of puberty in female rats.
Rostro-dorsal deafferentation of the hypothalamus by means of the preoptic-roof cut was performed in immature female rats at 17, 21 or 25 days of age, and the onset of puberty was recorded in these and in sham-deafferentated females. A significant delay of vaginal opening and the first ovulation was found following transection of the stria terminalis and fornix system on day 17 or day 25, whereas treatment on day 21 did not influence the onset of puberty. The findings may be explained on the basis of former results obtained after lesioning of the medial amygdala or ventral hippocampus at different ages. They suggest that the puberty-advancing effect of hypothalamic lesions does not depend upon the interruption of afferents from extrahypothalamic structures, but may be caused by the destruction of hypothalamic neurons and/or intrahypothalamic fibres. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Changes in cerebral oxygen consumption and high-energy phosphates during early recovery in hypoxic-ischemic piglets: a combined near-infrared and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers the ability to assess brain function at the bedside of critically ill neonates. Our group previously demonstrated a persistent reduction in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)) after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in newborn piglets. The purpose of this current study was to determine the causes of this reduction by combining NIRS with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure high-energy metabolites and diffusion-weighted imaging to measure cellular edema. Nine piglets were exposed to 30 min of HI and nine piglets served as controls. Proton and phosphorous MRS spectra, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and CMRO(2) measurements were collected periodically before and for 5.5 h after HI. A significant decrease in CMRO(2) (26 +/- 7%) was observed after HI. Incomplete recovery of nucleotide triphosphate concentration (8 +/- 3% <controls) and reduced ADC (16 +/- 5%) suggested mitochondrial dysfunction. However, CMRO(2) did not correlate with any metabolite concentration during the last 3 h of the recovery period, and no significant changes were found in phosphocreatine and lactate levels. Therefore, the CMRO(2) decrease is likely a combination of impaired mitochondrial function and reduced energy demands during the acute phase, which has been previously observed in the mature brain. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Medicare Program; Final Waivers in Connection With the Shared Savings Program. Final rule.
This final rule finalizes waivers of the application of the physician self-referral law, the Federal anti-kickback statute, and the civil monetary penalties (CMP) law provision relating to beneficiary inducements to specified arrangements involving accountable care organizations (ACOs) under section 1899 of the Social Security Act (the Act) (the "Shared Savings Program''), as set forth in the Interim Final Rule with comment period (IFC) dated November 2, 2011. As explained in greater detail below, in light of legislative changes that occurred after publication of the IFC, this final rule does not finalize waivers of the application of the CMP law provision relating to "gainsharing'' arrangements. Section 1899(f) of the Act, as added by the Affordable Care Act, authorizes the Secretary to waive certain fraud and abuse laws as necessary to carry out the provisions of section 1899 of the Act. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Epidermal growth factor enhancement of HSC-1 human cutaneous squamous carcinoma cell adhesion and migration on type I collagen involves selective up-regulation of alpha 2 beta 1 integrin expression.
Some human neoplasms show aberrant expression or overexpression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, and the degree of the receptor expression is correlated with the malignant phenotype in certain epithelial tumors including squamous carcinoma cells. Since phenotypic transformation of cells could involve quantitative and qualitative alteration of integrin function, the effects of EGF on cell-matrix interactions were studied using HSC-1 cells, a human squamous carcinoma cell line showing EGF receptor overexpression. The EGF-treated HSC-1 cells interacted with matrix proteins differently from the untreated cells, as shown by cell adhesion and phagokinetic track assays. Among fibronectin, laminin, fibrinogen, and type I collagen, fibronectin was the most efficient substratum to promote untreated HSC-1 cell adhesion and migration. Pretreatment of the cells with 50 ng/ml EGF for 18 h selectively increased the number of spread cells and the size of the individual cell migration area on type I collagen by 250 and 400%, respectively. The same pretreatment diminished cell adhesion and migration on other substrata so that the EGF treatment converted type I collagen as the most efficient substratum for cell adhesion and migration of the HSC-1 cells. ELISA and immunoprecipitation studies showed that EGF up-regulated the expression of alpha 2 beta 1 integrin collagen receptor in a time- and dose-dependent manner by stimulating biosynthesis of alpha 2 subunit, but did not up-regulate those of the alpha 3 beta 1, alpha 5 beta 1, or alpha v beta 3 integrins. These results suggest that EGF preferentially enhances HSC-1 cell interaction with type I collagen, leading to the enhanced cellular migratory activity on the substratum, as a result of selective up-regulation of alpha 2 beta 1 integrin expression. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Desgarros del epitelio pigmentario de la retina: factores de riesgo, mecanismo y control terapéutico.
Los desgarros del epitelio pigmentario de la retina (EPR) se asocian en la mayoría de los casos con los desprendimientos vascularizados del EPR debido a una degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE), y normalmente implican una pérdida adversa de la agudeza visual. Estudios recientes indican que ha habido un aumento en la incidencia de desgarros del EPR desde la introducción de fármacos anti-factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular (anti-VEGF) así como una asociación temporal entre el desgarro y la inyección intravítrea. Dado que el número de pacientes con DMAE y el número de inyecciones anti-VEGF va en aumento, tanto la dificultad de prevenir desgarros del EPR como el tratamiento tras la formación de los desgarros han adquirido una mayor relevancia. De forma paralela, la evolución de la imagenología de la retina ha contribuido de manera significativa a comprender mejor el desarrollo de los desgarros del EPR en los últimos años. Esta revisión resume los conocimientos que se poseen actualmente sobre el desarrollo, los factores pronósticos y las estrategias terapéuticas de los desgarros del EPR antes y después de que estos se formen. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Gastro-aortic fistula: an uncommon complication of Nissen fundoplication.
We report a case of and review the literature concerning primary gastro-aortic fistula secondary to erosion of a gastric ulcer into the thoracic aorta in a patient with a previous Nissen fundoplication. Treatment consisted of excision of the fistula with closure of the gastric and aortic defects. This rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding is life threatening, and a high level of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis and initiate early, aggressive surgical treatment. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
New methodologies for the extraction and fractionation of bioactive carbohydrates from mulberry (Morus alba) leaves.
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was applied for the first time to extract bioactive low molecular weight carbohydrates (iminosugars and inositols) from mulberry ( Morus alba ) leaves. Under optimized conditions, PLE provided a similar yield to the conventional process used to extract these bioactives, but in less time (5 vs 90 min). To remove carbohydrates that interfere with the bioactivity of iminosugars from PLE extracts, two fractionation treatments were evaluated: yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) incubation and cation-exchange chromatography (CEC). Both methods allowed complete removal of major soluble carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, galactose, and sucrose), without affecting the content of mulberry bioactives. As an advantage over CEC, the yeast treatment preserves bioactive inositols, and it is an affordable methodology that employs food grade solvents. This work found PLE followed by yeast treatment to be an easily scalable and automatable procedure that can be implemented in the food industry. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Development and characterization of an electrostatic particle sampling system for the selective collection of trace explosives.
Detection of trace explosives residues at people and cargo control points has become a key security challenge. A severe obstacle is that all commercial and military high explosives have low to extremely low vapor pressures which make them very hard to detect. With detectable vapors not being present, explosives detection needs to proceed through a series of sequential steps including particle collection, thermal vapor conversion and vapor detection. The present paper describes the design and test of an electrostatic particle precipitator which allows particle residue to be collected from the environment, the collected particle residue to be separated into high- and low-electron affinity fractions and the high-electron-affinity one to be concentrated onto a small-area collector surface for later vaporization. The selectivity of this particle collection and separation process is demonstrated and a full-chain demonstration of a DNT detection experiment is presented (DNT: di-nitro-toluene). | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Magnetic resonance imaging of myositis ossificans: analysis of seven cases.
Myositis ossificans typically presents as soft tissue swelling with progressive ossification on radiographs. Since magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to evaluate soft tissue masses, we analyzed eight MR examinations in seven patients with myositis ossificans to determine if typical patterns were present. One acute lesion had homogeneous intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Two subacute lesions had low signal intensity margins with slightly increased signal intensity centers on T1-weighted images and very high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Five chronic lesions had two different patterns. All five were well-defined with low signal intensity borders. Three had signal intensity patterns characteristic of fat on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. The other two lesions had intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and slightly increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images. We conclude that typical MR appearances of myositis ossificans do exist. A low signal intensity rim is a common finding. However, these patterns are not unique to myositis ossificans and resemble those that have been reported in other lesions. It is important to be aware of the spectrum of MR findings of myositis ossificans when considering the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue mass. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Lack of association between Helicobacter pylori infection and biliary tract diseases.
There are ambiguous results about the involvement of Helicobacter species in production of hepatobiliary diseases. This study was aimed to investigate any possible association between the presences of Helicobacter spp., their genotypes and occurrence of different biliary diseases. Cultures of 102 bile samples for Helicobacter spp. did not show any growth, but the presence of Helicobacter genus specific DNA (16s rRNA gene) was detected in 3.92% of them. No significant association was found between development of the diseases and presence of the bacteria. All the Helicobacter genus positive samples belonged to H. pylori species and showed vacA+ (s1/m2), cagA- genotypes. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Rehabilitation of medically complex ectodermal dysplasia with novel surgical and prosthodontic protocols.
The functional and aesthetic needs of a 17-year-old patient afflicted with ectodermal dysplasia, chronic long-term immunosuppression, cleft palate, velopharyngeal insufficiency, hypernasality, maxillary hypoplasia, and oligodontia were met with a multidisciplinary team approach. Predictable functional and aesthetic outcomes were obtained with a combination of injection augmentation of the soft palate and nasopharynx and rigid fixation maxillary external distraction with immediate placement and immediate load protocols. No biological or prosthetic complications were noted after definitive rehabilitation with a mandibular implant-retained fixed prosthesis and a maxillary implant-retained detachable prosthesis. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Is omalizumab safe and effective in oncological patients?
A 42-year-old female with a personal history of Grade II infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma, treated under surgical procedure in 2018, whose hormonal profile included estrogen, progesteronic and HER-2 positive receptors, and a Ki67 proliferative index (20-25%), was referred to our dermatological outpatient clinic complaining worsening of her chronic spontaneous urticaria. The patient was under treatment with etuximide, exemestane, anastrozole, and trastuzumab. Our patient reported intermittent episodes of hives of 8 years of evolution with good control with second-generation antihistamines. However, in the past year, the intensity and frequency of the outbreaks was increased with the development of angioedema until completing 23 consultations through the emergency department being treated in all of the episodes with short cycles of oral corticosteroids. This case reported is particularly complex due to different points that we develop below: (a) oncological patient as special population; (b) differential diagnosis with other forms of urticaria such as vasculitis urticaria, inducible urticaria, and autoimmune progesterone dermatitis; (c) spontaneous chronic urticaria of difficult control at labeled dose of omalizumab; (d) concomitant treatment with another biological drug. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in plants.
Eukaryotic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have evolved to transduce environmental and developmental signals into adaptive and programmed responses. MAPK cascades relay and amplify signals via three types of reversibly phosphorylated kinases leading to the phosphorylation of substrate proteins, whose altered activities mediate a wide array of responses, including changes in gene expression. Cascades may share kinase components, but their signaling specificity is maintained by spaciotemporal constraints and dynamic protein-protein interactions and by mechanisms that include crossinhibition, feedback control, and scaffolding. Plant MAPK cascades regulate numerous processes, including stress and hormonal responses, innate immunity, and developmental programs. Genetic analyses have uncovered several predominant MAPK components shared by several of these processes including the Arabidopsis thaliana MAPKs MPK3, 4, and 6 and MAP2Ks MKK1, 2, 4, and 5. Future work needs to focus on identifying substrates of MAPKs, and on understanding how specificity is achieved among MAPK signaling pathways. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
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