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Hepatitis B virus subtypes and hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients with chronic liver disease or on maintenance hemodialysis in Indonesia.
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA were surveyed in patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and their subtypes and genotypes were determined by serological methods and polymerase chain reaction with type-specific primers, respectively. Of 149 patients with chronic liver disease including 24 with chronic hepatitis, 86 with liver cirrhosis, and 39 with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, HBsAg was detected in 40 (27%) and HCV RNA in 48 (32%); one patient was positive both for HBsAg and HCV RNA. Thus, the cause of chronic liver disease was not identified in 62 (42%) patients. Of 58 patients on maintenance hemodialysis, four (7%) were positive for HBsAg and 44 (76%) for HCV RNA. Subtype adw was found in 34 (74%) of 46 HBsAg samples and adr in five (11%); compound subtypes, such as adyw and adyr were detected in the remaining seven (15%). Among HCV RNA samples from 48 patients with chronic liver disease, 23 (48%) were of genotype II, 17 (35%) of genotype III and one (2%) of genotype V, in a distribution strikingly different from that of 44 samples from patients on maintenance hemodialysis, 39 (89%) of which were of genotype I and only one (2%) of genotype II. Genotypes were not classifiable in seven (15%) patients with liver disease and four (9%) patients on hemodialysis despite high HCV RNA titers in them all. These results indicate that different HCV genotypes prevail in patients with distinct diseases, as well as unclassifiable HCV genotypes in Indonesia. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Correlation of clinical, endoscopic, and histological findings with virulence factors in children with Helicobacter pylori gastritis.
As there are limited data regarding the correlation between virulence factors and clinical, endoscopic, and histological findings in children with Helicobacter pylori gastritis, we aimed to evaluate that probable relationship in pediatric cases. One hundred and fifty-nine children with chronic abdominal pain or dyspepsia were included in this study. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed and multiple biopsy samples were taken from the esophagus, the antrum, and the duodenum. PCR was used for the determination of virulence factors. According to PCR analysis, 98 (61.6%) children were positive for H. pylori. Using histopathological examination and culture, H. pylori was detected in 65 (40.9%) and 51 (32.1%) children, respectively. Peptic ulcer prevalence and histopathological features were not different among cagA, cagE, or iceA1 positive and negative groups (P>0.05). Peptic ulcer prevalence and histopathological findings were more common in iceA2-positive patients (P<0.05). Antral nodularity was more common in cagA-positive patients (P<0.05). Endoscopic and histological features were not different among patients with or without m1 or m2 strains (P>0.05). S1b positivity was associated with a higher esophagitis rate (P<0.05). Among virulence factors, iceA2 was associated with peptic ulcer and milder histopathological findings, and vacAs1 was associated with milder histopathological findings. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Tubal damage in infertile women: prediction using chlamydia serology.
The study explores the relationship between serum chlamydia antibody titres (CATs) and detection of tubal damage in infertile women. The tubal status and pelvic findings in 1006 women undergoing laparoscopy for infertility were related to CAT, which was measured using the whole-cell inclusion immunofluorescence test. A negative correlation between CAT and age was noted. A linear trend between serum CAT and the likelihood of tubal damage, including severe damage, was observed (P < 0.001). Titres in women with tubal damage (median 1:1024; range <1:64-1:4096) were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than in women with endometriosis alone (median <1:64; range <1:64-1:512) or those with a normal pelvis (median <1:64; range <1:64-1:1024). Women with positive titres were more likely to have pelvic adhesions than tubal occlusion unless titres were very high, when tubal damage was likely to be more severe. CATs are of predictive value in the detection of tubal damage and are quantitatively related to the severity of damage. For practical clinical purposes, Chlamydia serology is useful mainly as a screening test for the likelihood of tubal damage in infertile women and may facilitate decisions on which women should proceed with further investigations without delay. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Cytotoxicity, chromosome aberrations and unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured human diploid fibroblasts induced by sodium fluoride.
The effects of exposure of cultured human diploid fibroblasts (JHU-1 cells) to sodium fluoride have been studied with respect to cytotoxicity and induction of chromosome aberrations and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) Cytotoxicity of NaF on JHU-1 cells, as determined by a decrease in colony-forming ability, linearly increased with increasing dose of NaF (50-150 micrograms/ml) or exposure time (1-24 h). Treatment of the cells with 50 micrograms/ml NaF for 24 h resulted in a lethality (approximately 70%) similar to that obtained with 100 micrograms/ml for 12 h. A linear increase in cytotoxicity was observed as a fraction of the product of NaF treatment time and dose. JHU-1 cells treated with 20-50 micrograms/ml NaF for 12 or 24 h were analyzed for chromosome aberrations. A significant increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations at the chromatid level was observed in treated cells in a dose-dependent manner. For detection of UDS, confluent JHU-1 cells were cultured with medium containing low serum and then exposed to NaF in the presence of 10 mM hydroxyurea. Treatment with 100-400 micrograms NaF/ml for 4-24 h reproducibly elicited UDS in a dose-related fashion as determined by direct scintillation counting of [3H]thymidine incorporated into DNA during repair synthesis. These results suggest that NaF causes DNA damage in human diploid fibroblasts in culture. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Pro-thymocyte expansion by c-kit and the common cytokine receptor gamma chain is essential for repertoire formation.
Growth factors have been implicated in thymocyte development, but mutants lacking cytokines, or their receptors, have failed to reveal essential roles for growth/differentiation factors in the thymus. Mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit and the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma c) reduce cellularity, but are permissive for thymocyte development. We now report that thymocyte development is completely abrogated in mice lacking both c-kit and gamma c (c-kit-gamma c-). Thymic hypocellularity is so severe that the T cell receptor repertoire fails to form except for monoclonal or oligoclonal beta chain DJ rearrangements. B lymphopoiesis is only mildly reduced in c-kit-gamma c- as compared with c-kit+gamma c- mice, and hematological values are identical comparing c-kit-deficient and c-kit-gamma c- mice. These experiments reveal essential, overlapping, and synergistic functions for two distinct signaling pathways, one utilizing c-kit and the other cytokine receptor gamma c complexes coupling to Janus kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Molecular profiling techniques and bioinformatics in cancer research.
Our aim was to describe the commonly used molecular profiling techniques in cancer research, to examine their limitations and to discuss the challenges of bioinformatics. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database to identify publications relevant to this review. Citations from these articles were also examined to yield further relevant publications. We describe the use of DNA microarrays, comparative genomic hybridisation, tissue microarrays and digital differential display. The limitations of these technologies, their contribution to cancer research and the challenges of bioinformatics are also discussed. Although these high throughput technologies each have their own limitations they are rapidly developing and contributing significantly to our understanding of cancer genetics. They have also led to the emergence of bioinformatics as a rapidly developing and vital field. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Effects of scopolamine upon delayed radial-arm maze performance in rats].
Behavioral impairment induced by the muscarinic anticholinergic drug, scopolamine (SCP) has been widely used to make preclinical evaluation of nootropic drugs. To further investigate the disruptive effect of SCP on memory-related behavior, male Wistar-Imamichi strain rats were tested in the 8-arm radial maze task with a delay interval between choices 4 and 5. In this task, the animals were first allowed to obtain 4 food rewards out of 8 arms and then removed from the maze. They were replaced on the maze to collect the remaining 4 pellets after a delay interval, during which they were kept in their home cages. In experiment 1, a 1-6 hr delay interval was imposed. SCP (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered immediately after choice 4. In experiment 2, a delay interval was always 4 hr, but SCP was administered 0-2 hr after choice 4. In both experiments, SCP significantly reduced the number of correct choices in choices 5-8, but did not show any effects depending on delay intervals or drug-administration time. These results suggest that the performance deficits induced by SCP might be due to its effects on the primary stage of information processing rather than those on the consolidation or storage process of memory. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Peripheral and central effects of intracerebroventricular microinjection of Hottentotta gentili (Pallary, 1924) (Scorpiones, Buthidae) venom.
Central effects of scorpion venom toxins have been neglected, due both to the common belief that scorpion venoms act by targeting peripheral organs and also to the misunderstanding that these peptides do not cross the brain-blood barrier (BBB). Determining whether scorpion neurotoxicity is restricted to peripheral actions or whether a central mechanism may be partly responsible for systemic manifestations could be crucial in clinical therapy trends. The present study therefore aims to assess histopathological damages in some organs (heart, kidney, liver, and lungs) and the related biochemical impairments, together with a neurobehavioral investigation following an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) micro-injection of Hottentotta gentili (Scorpiones, Buthidae) venom (0.47 μg/kg). I.c.v. injection of venom produced focal fragmentation of myocardial fibers, while lungs showed rupture of the alveolar structure. Concurrently, there was a significant rise in the serum enzymes levels of ASAT, ALAT, CPK and LDH. Meanwhile, we observed behavioral alterations such as a hypoactivity, and in addition the venom seems to have a marked anxiogenic-like effect. The present investigation has brought new experimental evidence of a peripheral impact of central administration of H. gentili venom, such impact was manifested by physiological and behavioral disturbances, the last of these appearing to reflect profound neuro-modulatory action of H. gentili venom. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Synthesis and evaluation of the aldose reductase inhibitory activity of new diaryl pyridazine-3-ones].
It has been possible to prepare from 4,6-diaryl pyridazinones a series of derivatives substituted in the 2-position by chains of various lengths bearing a carboxylic acid function. Pig lens aldose reductase inhibitory activity was evaluated for all compounds. N-acetic acid derivative 3c with a chlorine atom on the phenyl nucleus at the 6-position on the pyridazin ring was the most active pyridazinone with an IC50 value of 1.2 x 10(-5) M. Furthermore, it has been shown that lipophilicity and spatial configuration of the synthesized compounds took a prominent part on enzymatic activity. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Planning and assessing the activity of a school health service based on health and social indicators: the experience of Villeurbanne].
In 1998, the municipality of Villeurbanne decided to review its school health service in order to restructure and adjust its activity to better meet the needs of schools which had evolved and developed differently according to their areas of location. In view of the rarity of available information to measure the needs, an information system was built using a participatory and consensual approach. The system has been operational since the year 2000. It was evaluated in 2003 and then adapted according to the results. It has a variety of uses for planning purposes: to classify the schools according to their requirements, to plan the working time and schedules of the nurses, and to programme and evaluate specific actions. It also allows for mapping the health status of the pupils in Villeurbanne and to describe the service's activity. This article presents the design and construction of the information system and serves as a platform to debate the benefits and limitations of this approach in Villeurbanne. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Effects of antisense c-myb oligonucleotides on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and response to vessel wall injury.
The process of restenosis after arterial balloon dilatation has been demonstrated to involve smooth muscle cell hyperplasia. Initial reports with antisense oligonucleotides directed against the proto-oncogene c-myb suggest marked in vitro specificity and in vivo efficacy. In the present study, we sought to confirm and extend the hypothesis that antisense to c-myb results in a specific antiproliferative effect with a comprehensive assessment by using different oligonucleotide preparations, different species, and tissue and cellular uptake experiments. Phosphorothioate-protected oligonucleotides representing the appropriate sequence for antisense to c-myb and multiple controls were used to inhibit proliferation of platelet-derived growth factor- and fetal bovine serum-stimulated rat, dog, and human aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro and neointimal proliferation in the rat carotid injury model. In vitro experiments using identical culture conditions in rat, dog, and human aortic smooth muscle cells failed to show specificity as well as consistency in growth inhibitory effects that could be attributed to an antisense mechanism. Proliferation of smooth muscle cell growth in culture was consistently inhibited with oligomers containing a contiguous 4-guanosine residue motif. In vivo, the rat carotid injury neointimal hyperplasia was similar for antisense c-myb (0.095 +/- 0.009 mm2) and sense c-myb (0.090 +/- 0.009 mm2). Fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotides were present in tissue after local delivery via pluronic gel, and their activity rapidly declined over a 72-hour period. Our findings point to the potential nonspecificity and lack of consistency of the antisense oligonucleotide to c-myb in vitro and in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The antimicrobial peptide LL37 induces the migration of human pulp cells: a possible adjunct for regenerative endodontics.
The antimicrobial peptide LL37 has multiple functions, such as the induction of angiogenesis and migration. Pulp cell migration is a key phenomenon in the early stage of pulp-dentin complex regeneration. In this study, we examined the effect of LL37 on the migration of human pulp (HP) cells. HP cells at the sixth passage were exposed to LL37. The migration of HP cells was assessed by a wound-healing assay. The phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was analyzed by immunoblotting. LL37 as well as heparin binding (HB)-EGF, which is an agonist of EGFR, induced HP cell migration. LL37 increased the level of phosphorylated EGFR. An anti-EGFR antibody, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and a JNK inhibitor abolished the migration induced by both LL37 and HB-EGF. Furthermore, the two peptides increased the levels of phosphorylated JNK. LL37 activates EGFR and JNK to induce HP cell migration, and it may contribute to enhancing the regeneration of pulp-dentin complexes. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Percutaneous, ultrasound-targeted fine-needle puncture biopsy (liver, pancreas, intestine) and ultrasound-targeted pancreatic duct puncture].
Ultrasonically guided fine-needle aspirations were done in the liver of 42 cases of malignancy established later by autopsy and biopsy. The sensitivity was 95.3%. Only in one case, in a metastasis of renal carcinoma, precise tumour classification was not possible cytologically. Pancreatic malignancies were biopsied in 28 cases with later verified diagnoses at post mortem and biopsy; the sensitivity was 85.7%. One pancreatic head adenocarcinoma tumour classification was not possible cytologically. In 16 cases of gastrointestinal carcinoma verified by operation the sensitivity was 93.8%. In one cirrhotic gastric carcinoma only insufficient cytological material could be aspirated despite several biopsies. There were no false positive results in any puncture. The cytological results in all malignancies (n = 86) agreed in 97.7% with later established histological tumour classifications. Two clinically relevant complications were observed (biliary peritonitis, haemoperitoneum). In 15 percutaneous fine-needle pancreaticographies it has been shown to be an advantage that pancreatic juice can be aspirated prior to contrast medium filling of the pancreatic duct. Hyperinstillation into the organ can thus be prevented. In addition, the pancreatic juice aspirate can be investigated cytochemically. Only part of the patients (indurating changes of the pancreas such as chronic pancreatitis) experienced an unpleasant or painful sensation. For this reason such patients should be given analgesics. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Dark condition normalization of smooth pursuit tracking: evidence of cerebellar dysfunction in psychosis.
Smooth pursuit tracking performance was evaluated in psychotic (n = 20) and normal control subjects (n = 20) during light and dark testing conditions using computer-based analyses of electrographically recorded tracking patterns. Previously reported impaired tracking in psychotics tested under light conditions was reaffirmed. However, the tracking patterns of patients during the dark condition not only resembled those of controls under similar conditions, but were no longer significantly different from controls' light condition performance. Among several possible bases for these results which are considered, the involvement of cerebellar dysfunction in these patients is emphasized. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Review of 6-month mortality following low-probability lung scans.
Ventilation perfusion lung scanning is widely used as a diagnostic method for evaluating patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism (PE). While lung scan interpretation is traditionally performed in terms of probability of PE (usually low, moderate or intermediate, and high), in recent years concern has been raised that the term low probability may be misleading because adverse and even fatal sequelae of PE occasionally occur in such patients. To assess these concerns, a review of mortality in a large series of patients following low-probability lung scans was performed. To determine the 6-month mortality in a consecutive series of patients following low-probability ventilation perfusion (V/Q) lung scans. Records of all patients who had low-probability V/Q scans during a 9-year period (1987-1995) were reviewed. Causes of mortality for those patients who died during the 6-month period after the index scan were established from patients' charts, autopsy reports, and computer record data. Of the total 536 evaluable patients, 83 (15%) died within 6 months of the date of the lung scan; 73 (88%) died while inpatients at the Seattle Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, Wash, and the other 10 (12%) died at other facilities or at home. Pulmonary embolism was not reported as a suspected or probable contributing factor in any of the 83 deaths. Sixty-three patients (76%) who died had a diagnosis of either cancer (n = 32) or advanced cardiovascular disease (n = 31) at the time of their lung scans. Twenty-six patients (31%) underwent autopsies, and PE was not identified on examination of the lungs in any of them. Of the 27 patients who died within 1 month of the scan date, 17 (63%) underwent autopsies. Review of data from all patients with low-probability V/Q scans and a follow-up of 6 months showed no documentation to attribute any deaths to PE. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Otoacoustic emissions as a screening test for hearing impairment in children recovering from acute bacterial meningitis.
To study the efficacy of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) as a screening test for hearing impairment in children with acute bacterial meningitis. Hearing tests were performed before discharge from the hospital in an attempt to improve coverage and avoid delays in the diagnosis of postmeningitic hearing loss. Children with bacterial meningitis were recruited from 21 centers. In the 48 hours before discharge from the hospital, all patients underwent a thorough audiologic assessment consisting of transient evoked OAEs, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), otoscopy, and tympanometry. Hearing loss was defined as ABR threshold >/=30 dB. The results of OAE screening were compared with the gold standard of ABR threshold. Of 124 children recruited, we were able to perform both OAEs and ABRs on 110 children. Seven (6.3%) of the 110 children had ABR threshold >/=30 dB; 2 had sensorineural hearing loss and 5 had conductive hearing loss. At follow-up, hearing loss persisted in both cases of sensorineural hearing loss and no new cases were identified. All 7 children with hearing loss failed the OAE screening test. Ninety-four children with normal hearing thresholds passed the test, and 9 failed. Thus, the screening test had a sensitivity of 1.00 (95% confidence interval, 0.59 to 1.00), a specificity of 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97), a positive predictive value of 0. 44 (0.20 to 0.70), and a negative predictive value of 1.00 (0.96 to 1.00). OAE screening in children recovering from meningitis was found to be feasible and effective. The test was highly sensitive and reasonably specific. Inpatient OAE screening should allow early diagnosis of postmeningitic hearing loss and prompt auditory rehabilitation. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Patient noncompliance with self-administered chemotherapy.
The contribution of patient factors to nonadherence with self-administered cancer chemotherapy along with its prevalence was studied. Fifty-one patients with breast cancer enrolled in protocols that included the orally administered medications Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) and/or prednisone were interviewed and assessed at five points in time over a 6-month period. Two summary measures of patient nonadherence derived by self-report were developed: (1) dosage, the overall percentage of drug missed during 26 weeks of treatment; and (2) behavioral, the percentage of behavioral events or prescribing occasions on which a criterion level of drug was missed. Twenty-two patients (43%) met criteria for noncompliance according to both behavioral and dosage definitions. Univariate analyses showed more nonadherence in the clinic and private community settings than in the academic setting. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses assessed the contribution of patient demographic, psychologic, and physical symptom factors on patient noncompliance. In the regression analyses patient noncompliance was associated with (1) treatment location, more nonadherence in the private community-based treatment sector than in the academic setting; and (2) income, more nonadherence among those having lower incomes. In assessing total dose requirements in clinical research trials, rates of patient nonadherence need to be considered, and treatment location controlled. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Is hand-held dynamometry useful for the measurement of quadriceps strength in older people? A comparison with the gold standard Bodex dynamometry.
The lower limb muscle strength is an important determinant of physical function in older people. However, measurement in clinical and epidemiological settings has been limited because of the requirement for large-scale equipment. A protocol using a novel, versatile hand-held dynamometer (HHD) has been developed to measure the quadriceps strength in a supine position. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of this new methodology for measuring the lower limb muscle strength compared to the gold standard Biodex dynamometer. The supine quadriceps strength was measured twice with each of the Biodex and the HHD in 20 men and women, aged 61-81 years, on their non-dominant leg. The agreement between the peak torques obtained by Biodex and HHD was analyzed. The mean peak Biodex and HHD results were 83.4 +/- (SD) 28.0 Nm and 68.9 +/- 19.6 Nm, respectively. The HHD undermeasured the quadriceps strength by an average of 14.5 Nm (95% CI 8.5, 20.6) compared to the Biodex, and this effect was most marked in the strongest participants. Nevertheless, there was a good correlation between the measures (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001). Classification of individuals into tertiles of muscle strength showed good agreement between the two methods (Kappa = 0.69, p < 0.0001). Our findings suggest that the HHD using a supine positioning offers a feasible, inexpensive, and portable test of quadriceps muscle strength for use in healthy older people. It underestimates the absolute quadriceps strength compared to the Biodex particularly in stronger people, but is a useful tool for ranking muscle strength of older people in epidemiological studies. It may also be of value for quick and objective assessment of physical function in the clinical setting. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Lymphedema in breast cancer survivors: assessment and information provision in a specialized breast unit.
Assessment and adequate treatment of lymphedema is required by the European Society of Mastology. The purpose of our study was the evaluation of self-reported incidences of lymphedema in breast cancer survivors and the effect of providing the patients with information about lymphedema on the extent to which lymph-drainage massage services and compression garments were used. A total of 742 breast cancer survivors were analysed in this questionnaire-based survey. The associations between lymphedema and the patients' medical history; morbidity located in the breast, axilla, and arm; the amount of information the patients had received concerning lymphedema; and the extent to which lymph-drainage massage services and compression garments were analyzed. 31.67% of the patients stated to have lymphedema. Radiotherapy was identified as a significant risk factor. Pain, paresthesia, and functional limitations were associated with the occurrence of lymphedema. The only independent positive predictive factor found to be associated with the use of lymph-drainage massage services (OR 5.74) was the provision of information about the condition. Self-reported assessment of lymphedema is feasible. The observed lymphedema incidence of approximately 30% may be able to serve as a basis for benchmarking in quality-assurance procedures at breast centers. Control mechanisms are required to assess if the indication for lymphdrainage is adequate and the compliance to this subject is sufficient. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Direct from solid natural products to pure compounds in a single step: Coupling online extraction with high-speed counter-current chromatography.
Extraction is the most important step in the purification of bioactive compounds from natural products. This study introduces a simple online extraction strategy coupled with high-speed counter-current chromatography for efficient extraction and purification of bioactive components from solid natural products. For online extraction strategy, 1.0 g of ground Mangnolia officinalis or Piper nigrum was loaded into a guard column, which was then positioned on the manual injection valve instead of the sample loop. Bioactive components were directly extracted by the mobile phase of high-speed counter-current chromatography, and then transferred into high-speed counter-current chromatography for purification. In addition, the compatibility of the developed methodology for direct purification of bioactive components from fresh M. officinalis was successfully demonstrated. Obviously, in comparison with traditional offline heat-reflux extraction, online extraction avoided the instrument, time, solvent, and energy consumption, and purified two phenolic compounds (honokiol and magnolol) from M. officinalis and three alkaloids (piperyline, piperine, and piperanine) from P. nigrum with high extraction efficiency. The superiority of the developed methodology is to establish an easy, rapid, and efficient technique for the purification of a wide variety of bioactive components from solid natural products. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Triazole Bridged Flavonoid Dimers as Potent, Nontoxic, and Highly Selective Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) Inhibitors.
The present work describes the syntheses of diverse triazole bridged flavonoid dimers and identifies potent, nontoxic, and highly selective BCRP inhibitors. A homodimer, Ac22(Az8)2, with m-methoxycarbonylbenzyloxy substitution at C-3 of the flavone moieties and a bis-triazole-containing linker (21 atoms between the two flavones) showed low toxicity (IC50 toward L929, 3T3, and HFF-1 > 100 μM), potent BCRP-inhibitory activity (EC50 = 1-2 nM), and high BCRP selectivity (BCRP selectivity over MRP1 and P-gp > 455-909). Ac22(Az8)2 inhibits BCRP-ATPase activity, blocks the drug efflux activity of BCRP, elevates the intracellular drug accumulation, and finally restores the drug sensitivity of BCRP-overexpressing cells. It does not down-regulate the surface BCRP protein expression to enhance the drug retention. Therefore, Ac22(Az8)2 and similar flavonoid dimers appear to be promising candidates for further development into combination therapy to overcome MDR cancers with BCRP overexpression. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Relationships between anthropometry and retrospective morbidity in poor men in Calcutta, India.
The evaluation of body mass index (BMI) and other anthropometric measures as possible indicators of chronic energy deficiency, by examination of the relationships between these measures and retrospective morbidity in a group of very poor men in Calcutta, India. Anthropometric measurement and retrospective recording of treatment history over the previous year, from health records. A primary care centre, the Middleton Row street clinic. All men attending the clinic for either provision of basic needs (food, clothing, plastic sheeting for building of shelter) or medical treatment during July and August, 1992. 190 men with 1-year retrospective treatment records were measured. None. Values for mean height, weight, arm circumference and triceps skinfold were lower than for any population of Indian males thus far reported. 44% of the men had BMI < 16, retrospective morbidity being two to three times higher in those below this cut-off than those above it. BMI < 16 was associated with greater retrospective morbidity due to respiratory tract infection and tuberculosis. For men aged 18-64 years, weight, height, arm circumference and age were significant discriminators of retrospective respiratory morbidity, while calf circumference, height, weight and age were significant discriminators of retrospective tuberculosis morbidity. Of the derived variables, BMI was a better discriminator of retrospective respiratory morbidity than arm fat area and percentage body fat, and the only discriminator of retrospective tuberculosis morbidity. For men aged > or = 65 years, weight and calf circumference were significant discriminators of respiratory infection, while age was the only discriminator of tuberculosis morbidity. Of the derived variables, BMI alone discriminated retrospective respiratory infection. BMI was the best overall discriminator of retrospective morbidity in this group of poor Calcutta men. Anthropometric criteria were better discriminators of retrospective morbidity in men between the ages of 18 and 64 years than in men aged 65 years and over. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The development of biological explanation: are children vitalists?
Whether and how an understanding of biological explantation changes with development was explored in interviews with 24-first graders, 24 third graders, and 24 adults. Participants were asked about the changeability of biological and psychological characteristics and the causal mechanisms underlying biological, psychological, and mechanical phenomena (using both open-ended and forced-choice questions). In saying how characteristics might be changed, children and adults similarly distinguished between biology and psychology; they also responded similarly to questions about specific processes underlying biological change. Children's attributions of intention or agency to biological organs or body parts (i.e., vitalistic attribution) did not differ from adults', contrary to previous findings. The authors concluded that children's thinking about biology is not necessarily more vitalistic than adults'. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The influence of context on distinct facial expressions of disgust.
Face perception is susceptible to contextual influence and perceived physical similarities between emotion cues. However, studies often use structurally homogeneous facial expressions, making it difficult to explore how within-emotion variability in facial configuration affects emotion perception. This study examined the influence of context on the emotional perception of categorically identical, yet physically distinct, facial expressions of disgust. Participants categorized two perceptually distinct disgust facial expressions, "closed" (i.e., scrunched nose, closed mouth) and "open" (i.e., scrunched nose, open mouth, protruding tongue), that were embedded in contexts comprising emotion postures and scenes. Results demonstrated that the effect of nonfacial elements was significantly stronger for "open" disgust facial expressions than "closed" disgust facial expressions. These findings provide support that physical similarity within discrete categories of facial expressions is mutable and plays an important role in affective face perception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved). | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Higher-Order Fermi-Liquid Corrections for an Anderson Impurity Away from Half Filling.
We study the higher-order Fermi-liquid relations of Kondo systems for arbitrary impurity-electron fillings, extending the many-body quantum theoretical approach of Yamada and Yosida. It includes, partly, a microscopic clarification of the related achievements based on Nozières' phenomenological description: Filippone, Moca, von Delft, and Mora [Phys. Rev. B 95, 165404 (2017)PRBMDO2469-995010.1103/PhysRevB.95.165404]. In our formulation, the Fermi-liquid parameters such as the quasiparticle energy, damping, and transport coefficients are related to each other through the total vertex Γ_{σσ^{'};σ^{'}σ}(ω,ω^{'};ω^{'},ω), which may be regarded as a generalized Landau quasiparticle interaction. We obtain exactly this function up to linear order with respect to the frequencies ω and ω^{'} using the antisymmetry and analytic properties. The coefficients acquire additional contributions of three-body fluctuations away from half filling through the nonlinear susceptibilities. We also apply the formulation to nonequilibrium transport through a quantum dot, and clarify how the zero-bias peak evolves in a magnetic field. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
A retrospective chart review evaluating the association of psychological disorders and vitamin D deficiency with celiac disease.
Data show that deficiencies in Vitamin D have been linked to certain psychological disorders and celiac disease. This study was designed to evaluate the association of psychological comorbidities and vitamin D deficiency with celiac disease. Additionally, any association of psychological comorbidities with gender and age at diagnosis with celiac disease was evaluated. This was a retrospective chart review of a cohort of patients with celiac disease presenting for clinical care at a tertiary care referral hospital. Patient age, age at diagnosis of celiac disease, gender, and 25-OH vitamin D levels were recorded. Self-reported history of any psychological and/or psychiatric disease were also recorded and analyzed. Fifty-one patients with celiac disease were included. Forty-seven percent reported a history of a psychological and/or psychiatric disease of which anxiety, depression, and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder were the most common. Age at diagnosis of celiac disease was significantly lower, by ~10 years, in patients with a coexistent psychological comorbidity (P=0.008). Approximately 41% of patients reported vitamin D deficiency, but their mean age was not significantly different from patients without a deficiency. Celiac disease appears to be diagnosed earlier in patients with associated psychological comorbidity. There was no increased association of vitamin D deficiency and psychological/psychiatric comorbidity in patients with celiac disease. Further research is needed to help us better understand this complex relationship. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Monitoring and survival of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 in the human intestinal tract.
The monitoring and survival of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 in the human intestinal tract was investigated with seven healthy subjects having a low number of fecal lactobacilli. An increase of fecal lactobacilli (10(3.2-5.2) CFU/g feces) was recognized after ingestion of yogurt with SBT2055 by the subjects. A high positive rate of L. gasseri in fecal lactobacilli detected from the subjects (over 70% at 2nd weeks of feeding) was also observed during the ingestion period using the species-specific PCR system. These findings indicate that the SBT2055 strain in yogurt survived in the human intestinal tract and was recovered from human feces. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Influence of two perfusion strategies on oxygen metabolism in paediatric cardiac surgery. Evaluation of the high-flow, low-resistance technique.
Paediatric cardiac surgery is often performed under hypothermic conditions, that is, with a reduced core body temperature. Certain interventions even require the circulation to be stopped. This can only be done at a body temperature of 18 degrees C, with no risk of neurological damage and harm to the brain and other organs. Vasoconstriction is a natural reaction of the body to cold, causing the blood vessels to contract. Such a reaction would lead to a clear rise in blood pressure on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Since the blood pressure is regulated in the arteriolar loop of the capillary system, there is a marked increase in blood pressure and a suppression of free water into the surrounding tissue, which, in turn, may lead to the intra-operative development of oedemas. This study aimed to investigate whether the high-flow, low-resistance (HFLR) technique offers any benefits over conventional methods. This open, prospective, randomised study was to recruit 48 children scheduled to undergo surgery for congenital heart disease. To investigate the two different perfusion strategies, we have measured intestinal perfusion as well as skin perfusion with laser Doppler spectroscopy. To identify the effects on the immune system, selected immunologic parameters of systemic inflammation were additionally measured. Laser Doppler spectroscopy is a method that uses a glass fibre probe to determine the parameters of oxygen saturation of haemoglobin and relative haemoglobin quantity in an illuminated tissue volume, as well as the perfusion parameters of relative blood flow and blood flow velocity in the sample volume of the probe. During the study period, the change in oxygen saturation over time was comparable in both groups. At the end of surgery, the patients of the high-flow group had significantly higher saturation levels in the intestinal mucosa (p<0.05). Over the course of intensive care, the groups did not differ in terms of fluid supply, administration of packed red blood cells, platelet concentrates or fresh frozen plasma. Analysis of urinary output revealed significant group differences. It was higher in the patients of the high-flow group than the normal-flow group (p<0.03), without differences in diuretic administration. Laser Doppler spectroscopy is highly suited to the detection even of the slightest changes in flow characteristics and oxygenation of the skin, musculature and intestinal mucosa during surgery with extracorporeal circulation using CPB. At the same time, the technique of HFLR perfusion was found to have benefits over conventional bypass methods. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Safety of oral terbinafine for toenail onychomycosis.
This open-label multicenter study evaluated the safety and efficacy of 12, 18, and 24 weeks of daily treatment with a 250-mg tablet of terbinafine for onychomycosis of the toenails. The safety data for 1,508 patients with a mean age of 50 years are reported here. Percentages below are based on this denominator. All patients received at least 12 weeks of therapy, with a possible addition of 6 or 12 weeks depending on disease extent. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72. Adverse events were reported in 674 (44.7%) patients; the events were considered unrelated to terbinafine in 557 (36.9%) patients and causally related or of uncertain relationship to terbinafine in 117 (7.8%) patients. Most events involved the skin, the gastrointestinal system, or the respiratory system. Statistically similar results were found for the elderly (over 60 years) and diabetic subpopulations. The study results confirm the safety of terbinafine in the population at large and show no differences for either the elderly or diabetic patients, who are at increased risk for onychomycosis and who frequently take concomitant medications with potential for drug interactions. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
CD44 splice variants in draining lymph nodes precede allograft rejection of endocrine cells.
Upon allogeneic transplantation (Tx) of pancreatic islets under the kidney capsule of diabetic rats, cells from draining lymph nodes and, to a minor degree, bone marrow transiently upregulate CD44 splice variants as detected by RT-PCR using CD44 variant exon specific primers. Maximal expression was on day 5 post Tx in lymph nodes and thus precedes islet rejection sufficiently (in this model by 5 days) to still permit establishing rescue by immunosuppressive therapy. CD44 variant exon sequence could therefore serve as early markers of allograft rejection. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Finite-time compressibility as an agent of frequent spontaneous patch formation in the surface layer: A case study for the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea.
We explore the possibilities for spontaneous formation of surface patches with high concentrations of contaminants through time correlations of the convergence field and the Lagrangian transport. The test area is the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea, where surface velocity fields show extensive convergence. The flow properties are extracted from 3D velocity fields simulated for 1987-1991 using the OAAS model with a resolution of 1 mile. The focus is on the spatial distribution of the areas in which the values of finite-time flow compressibility of surface velocity fields exceed the threshold for clustering of floats. The distribution of such areas is asymmetric, with likely areas of patch formation located predominantly in the southern and eastern regions of the gulf. Out of nine areas of likely patch formation, six are located along the coast in regions of frequent downwelling, while three are identified in the central region of the gulf. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
How the shape of pre- and postsynaptic signals can influence STDP: a biophysical model.
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is described by long-term potentiation (LTP), when a presynaptic event precedes a postsynaptic event, and by long-term depression (LTD), when the temporal order is reversed. In this article, we present a biophysical model of STDP based on a differential Hebbian learning rule (ISO learning). This rule correlates presynaptically the NMDA channel conductance with the derivative of the membrane potential at the synapse as the postsynaptic signal. The model is able to reproduce the generic STDP weight change characteristic. We find that (1) The actual shape of the weight change curve strongly depends on the NMDA channel characteristics and on the shape of the membrane potential at the synapse. (2) The typical antisymmetrical STDP curve (LTD and LTP) can become similar to a standard Hebbian characteristic (LTP only) without having to change the learning rule. This occurs if the membrane depolarization has a shallow onset and is long lasting. (3) It is known that the membrane potential varies along the dendrite as a result of the active or passive backpropagation of somatic spikes or because of local dendritic processes. As a consequence, our model predicts that learning properties will be different at different locations on the dendritic tree. In conclusion, such site-specific synaptic plasticity would provide a neuron with powerful learning capabilities. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Retrospective analysis of 769 cases of sudden cardiac death from 2006 to 2015: a forensic experience in China.
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major health challenge. The records of 769 autopsy cases of SCD examined at Tongji Medicolegal Expertise Center from January 2006 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of the cases was 46 years, excluding 27 victims in whom the exact age could not be confirmed. The highest incidence of SCD occurred among the 40- to 60-year-old group (45.0%). Male preponderance was observed in SCD cases (male: female ratio: 5.0:1), and this preponderance was even higher (8.0:1) in the 10- to 20-year-old and 60- to 70-year-old groups. Death predominantly occurred in hospitals (37.4%) and outdoors (32.5%). The incidence of SCD did not differ significantly between the seasons. Coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) was the main cause of SCD (67.9%), followed by unexplained SCD (6.1%), myocarditis (5.7%), cardiomyopathy (4.7%), rupture of aortic dissection (3.9%), and cardiac conduction system disease (3.9%). In terms of the CAD cases, the mean age was 52.0 years and coronary artery stenosis exceeding 75% accounted for 73.6% of cases. The left anterior descending branch was involved with atherosclerosis in 92.0% of cases. In conclusion, detailed autopsy and forensic pathology examination is key to diagnosing SCD. Making an early diagnosis and performing early intervention of CAD may reduce the mortality of SCD. Additionally, the use of molecular genetic tests plus forensic pathology diagnosis will help further determine the underlying cause of death in individuals with SCD. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Drug therapy of osteoporosis].
It has proved worthwhile to treat osteoporosis simultaneously in two ways. For symptomatic treatment of the pain, passive and active physiotherapy is important, backed up by treatment with analgesic and antirheumatic agents and calcitonin, while any other drugs are given mainly for treatment of the osteoporosis itself. For women in high-risk categories for osteoporosis long-term (10-12 years) preventative treatment with estrogens (plus progesterone) is indicated. When osteoporosis is already apparent on radiological examination, fluoride (+ calcium) is generally given over 3-4 years, while calcitonin therapy is appropriate in acute painful and rapidly progressive osteoporosis with fresh vertebral fractures. In this case both the antiosteoclastic and the analgesic effect of the hormone come into play. Calcium can be used for pre- and postmenopausal prophylaxis and as a supplement to fluoride therapy. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Ultrasound assisted polymerization of N-vinyl imidazole under phase-transfer catalysis condition--a kinetic study.
The kinetics of phase-transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of N-vinyl imidazole (NVI) using potassium peroxy disulfate (PDS) as water soluble initiator and tetraoctylammonium chloride (TOAC) as PTC has been investigated in ethyl acetate/water two phase system assisted by ultrasound irradiation at constant temperature 60 + 1 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. and. The rate of polymerization increases with an increase in concentrations of NVI, PTC and PDS. The order with respect to [NVI], [PTC], and [PDS] were found to be 1.01, 1.03 and 0.52 respectively. Based on the observed results a suitable mechanism has been proposed to account for the experimental observations followed by a discussion on its significance. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast have low Topo IIα expression but frequently overexpress EGFR protein without EGFR gene amplification.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare subtype of breast cancer with basal-like features. Published studies on breast adenoid cystic carcinoma are limited, resulting in relatively scarce information on the value of predictive tumor markers. We studied 20 primary cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast for expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, HER-2/neu, and topoisomerase IIα using immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization methods. Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression were detected in 1 case each. All tumors were uniformly negative for Her-2/neu expression. Androgen receptor and topoisomerase IIα expression were weakly positive in three cases and 7 cases, respectively. Epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression was detected in 13 cases (65% of all cases). Amplification of TOP2A or HER-2/neu gene was not detected in any of the cases. Our study shows that the majority of adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast do not overexpress Her-2/neu, topoisomerase IIα, or estrogen receptor, and thus, they are unlikely to respond to therapies targeting these proteins. However, these tumors frequently over-express epidermal growth factor receptor, indicating a potential benefit from anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy for patients with advanced adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Study on the inclusion interaction of p-sulfonated calix[n]arenes with Vitamin K3 using methylene blue as a spectral probe.
The characteristics of host-guest complexation between p-sulfonated calix[n]arene (SCnA, n = 4, 6) and Vitamin K(3) (VK(3)) were investigated by fluorescence spectrometry and absorption spectrometry using methylene blue (MB) as a probe. Interaction with MB and SCnA led to an obvious decrease in fluorescence intensity of MB, accompanying with shifts of emission peaks. Absorption peaks also showed interesting changes; however, when VK(3) was added, fluorescence intensity and absorbance recovered and a slight and slow red shift was observed. The obtained results showed that the inclusion ability of p-sulphonated calix[n]arenes towards VK(3) was the order: p-sulphonated calix[6]arene (SC6A) >p-sulphonated calix[4]arene (SC4A). Relative mechanism was proposed to explain the inclusion process. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Completely OH-selective FeCl3-catalyzed Prins cyclization: highly stereoselective synthesis of 4-OH-tetrahydropyrans.
The completely OH-selective Prins cyclization has been realized from the enantioselective ene reaction product. A variety of 4-hydroxyl-tetrahydropyrans were exclusively generated via FeCl(3)-catalyzed Prins reaction. Excellent stereoselectivities (up to >99:1 dr and >99.5:0.5 er) were obtained for a remarkably broad range of substrates under mild reaction conditions. The control experiments, including NOE effects and (18)O-labeling studies, as well as DFT calculations were conducted to provide fundamental insights into the mechanism of the reaction. A different [2 + 2] cycloaddition process was suggested to rationalize the observed OH-selectivity. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Comparison of the Prevalence and Predictors of Depression in Taiwanese and American Older Patients With Arthritis.
To compare the prevalence and predictors of depression in Taiwanese and American older patients with arthritis. A secondary analysis was conducted to assess 151 Taiwanese and 70 American arthritic patients in Taipei, Taiwan and Chicago, USA. The prevalence of depression of Taiwanese and American older arthritic patients was 34% and 40%, respectively. Depression was explained by life satisfaction and functional ability in Taiwanese patients, and by life satisfaction and level of pain in American patients. Nurses should assess patients' level of pain and functional ability, as well as their life satisfaction and depression. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The effect of citrus pectin on the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.
The extent of hydrolysis of citrus pectin in the stomach and small intestine was studied by in vivo digestion in ileostomy patients. The effect of citrus pectin on ileostomy losses of fat, nitrogen, starch, sodium and potassium was also investigated as was its effect on the absorption of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron. Six ileostomy patients were studied during 10 d while on a constant low-fibre diet supplemented with 15 g citrus pectin/d on days 5, 6 and 7. The constituents mentioned in (1) as well as neutral polysaccharides, uronic acids and Klason lignin were determined in the ileostomy contents and duplicate portions of the diet. Of the uronic acids derived from the citrus pectin 70-100 per cent was recovered in the ileostomy contents. The wet weight of ileostomy fluid increased by 314 g/24 h and dry weight by 24 g/24 h after consumption of 15 g citrus pectin. During the pectin period there was a significant increase in the amount of nitrogen, fat, ash, Na and K found in ileostomy contents, while the amount of starch was unchanged. During the pectin period the apparent absorption of Fe decreased significantly, while that of P, Ca, Mg and Zn remained unchanged. It is concluded that there is only limited digestion of citrus pectin in the stomach and small intestine. The slight increase in ileal output of nitrogen may either be due to decreased digestion and absorption of fat is more pronounced. In the 3-d study addition of 15 g pectin to the diet did not seem to impair the apparent mineral absorption from the small intestine except in the case of Fe. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Target immunity of Mu transposition reflects a differential distribution of Mu B protein.
A DNA molecule carrying Mu end DNA sequence(s) is a poor target in the Mu DNA strand-transfer reaction, a phenomenon which is referred to as "target immunity." We find that Mu B protein stimulates intermolecular strand-transfer by binding to the target DNA. Our results show that a differential distribution of Mu B protein between "immune" and "non-immune" DNA molecules is responsible for target immunity; in the presence of Mu A protein and ATP, Mu B protein dissociates preferentially from immune DNA molecules. Hydrolysis of ATP is implicated in establishing the differential distribution of Mu B protein between immune and non-immune DNA molecules in the presence of Mu A protein; nonhydrolyzable ATP gamma S can support an efficient strand-transfer reaction even with a target DNA that is immune in a reaction with ATP. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Serotonergic modulation of ethanol-induced electrophysiological depression in young and aged rats.
Ethanol (EtOH)-induced electrophysiological depressions in cerebellar Purkinje neurons have been shown to be potentiated by exogenously applied serotonin (5HT). In this study, we determined whether this modulatory action can be activated by endogenous release from presynaptic serotonergic terminals, and whether such a response is altered by age or rat strain. Extracellular 5HT levels in cerebellar cortex were measured in real time by in vivo chronoamperometry, by using Nafion-coated carbon fiber electrodes, in anesthetized young (3-5 months old) or aged (18-24 months old) Sprague Dawley and Fischer 344 rats. Some animals were prelesioned with 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (5,7 DHT). Single unit electrophysiological activity was recorded from cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Serotonin or its presynaptic antagonist methiothepin was applied directly to cerebellar neurons through multibarrel pipettes. Local application of methiothepin dose-dependently induced 5HT overflow in young Sprague Dawley and Fisher 344 rats. Methiothepin-induced 5HT release was decreased significantly in aged or 5,7 DHT-lesioned rats. Local application of methiothepin or 5HT potentiated EtOH-induced electrophysiological depression of Purkinje neurons in young animals of both strains. Methiothepin-potentiated, EtOH-elicited neuronal inhibition was reduced greatly in aged or 5,7 DHT-lesioned rats. Serotonin-facilitated EtOH responses were reduced in the aged Sprague Dawley rats. EtOH-induced electrophysiological responses in cerebellum can be facilitated by endogenous 5HT release by using a 5HT autoreceptor antagonist. Such actions are attenuated in aged rats perhaps through a presynaptic serotonergic mechanism. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Measuring Cognitive Judgement Bias in Rats Using the Ambiguous-Cue Interpretation Test.
An active-choice, operant, ambiguous-cue interpretation (ACI) paradigm is described that can be used for measuring cognitive judgement bias in rats. In this behavioral test, animals in an operant conditioning chamber are trained to press a lever to receive a food reward when a specific tone is presented, and to press another lever in response to a different tone to avoid punishment by an electric foot-shock. The tones, which serve as discriminative stimuli, acquire a positive or negative valence, and the training continues until the rats demonstrate a stable, correct discrimination between these two stimuli. The animals are tested after they have attained stable discrimination performance. The ambiguous-cue test consists of a discrimination task, as described above, but includes the presentation of additional tones with frequencies that are intermediate between the trained positive and negative tones. The lever-press response pattern to these ambiguous cues is considered an indicator of the rat's expectation of a positive or negative event; in other words, it is a measure of 'optimism' or 'pessimism', respectively. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Dual-phase 3D CT angiography during a single breath-hold using 16-MDCT: assessment of vascular anatomy before laparoscopic gastrectomy.
In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of dual-phase 3D CT angiography (CTA) during a single breath-hold using 16-MDCT in the assessment of vascular anatomy before laparoscopic gastrectomy. The study involved 20 consecutive patients (10 men, 10 women; mean age, 59 years) scheduled for laparoscopic gastrectomy for the treatment of early gastric cancer. A dual-phase contrast-enhanced CT scan using 16-MDCT was obtained before laparoscopic gastrectomy. After rapid infusion of a nonionic contrast agent, arterial and venous phase scans were obtained serially with an interval of 15 sec during a single breath-hold of 31 sec. Three-dimensional CTA images in the arterial phase (3D CT arteriography) and venous phase (3D CT venography) were individually reconstructed using the volume-rendering technique, and then the images were fused together. We evaluated the detectability of the celiac trunk, left gastric artery (LGA), right gastric artery (RGA), left gastric coronary vein (LCV), Henle's gastrocolic trunk, right gastroepiploic vein (RGEV), and accessory right colic vein on 3D CTA to compare with surgical findings. In all 20 patients, 3D CT arteriography and venography clearly showed the celiac trunk, LGA, RGA, Henle's gastrocolic trunk, RGEV, and accessory right colic vein, which were correctly identified during surgery. The branching pattern of the celiac trunk was classified as Michels type I in 19 patients and Michels type II in one patient. Imaging showed the RGA originating from the proper hepatic artery (PHA) in nine patients; from the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) in seven patients; and from the left hepatic artery (LHA) in four patients. In 12 patients, the LCV joined the portal vein (PV) and in eight, the splenic vein (SV). In all patients, the accessory right colic vein joined the RGEV, and Henle's gastrocolic trunk proximal to the joining point flowed to the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). In all 20 patients, the fused image simultaneously showed arteries and veins around the stomach, with no mismatch between the arterial and venous phase images. In 10 patients, the LCV joined the PV after running along the dorsal side of the PHA, common hepatic artery (CHA), or splenic artery (SA). In eight patients, the LCV joined the SV after running along the ventral side of the PHA, CHA, or SA. In two patients, the LCV joined the PV after running along the ventral side of the CHA, which correlated with the surgical findings. Both the sensitivity and positive predictive values of 3D CTA revealed 100% correct identification of the celiac trunk, LGA, RGA, LCV, Henle's gastrocolic trunk, RGEV, and accessory right colic vein. Dual-phase 3D CTA using 16-MDCT clearly revealed individual arteries and veins around the stomach before laparoscopic gastrectomy. The fused image of 3D CT arteriography and venography during a single breath-hold enabled the simultaneous assessment of arteries and veins before laparoscopic gastrectomy. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Ovarian sarcoma with pathologic features of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney.
We report a case of an unusual sarcoma arising in the ovary of an infant girl. Histologically, the tumor was composed of clear, undifferentiated cells set in an arborizing vascular stroma. Immunohistochemical staining was positive only for vimentin. Ultrastructural evaluation demonstrated undifferentiated cells with interdigitating broad cell processes that encompassed irregular electron lucent spaces that contained flocculent extracellular material. Light and electron microscopic features of the tumor resembled a clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. Although the cell of origin is unproven, both tumors may arise from primitive mesenchymal cells that may not be restricted to the kidney. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Carotid endarterectomy combined with myocardial revascularization: report of 27 patients].
Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease that may involve more than one territory. Myocardial infarction can occur after carotid endarterectomy and stroke is a well documented morbidity of coronary artery bypass grafting. To optimize results, we have performed concomitant carotid endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization in selected cases, with severe disease in both territories. During a 13-year period, 27 patients were submitted for this procedure, 21 (77.8%) were male and the average age was 67.6 years (range 59-81). All patients had high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis, five (18.5%) were symptomatic. Coronary artery disease symptoms were: unstable angina in 12 patients (44.4%) and effort angina in 15 (55.6%). Two patients (7.4%) required reintervention for postoperative bleeding. Two cases (7.4%) had transient renal dysfunction. One patient, with multiple organ failure, died on the 16th postoperative day (3.7%). Follow up was obtained in 26 patients (96.3%). Survival at 5 years was 80.6%, 95.7% of those patients were free of any neurologic symptom. Combined carotid and coronary surgery is a safe treatment option for atherosclerosis of multiple territories in selected patients; long term benefits are also obtained. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Psychopathological Symptoms and Satisfaction with Mental Health in Patients with Schizophrenia.
The patient's view of their mental health is a central aspect in research and practice. Yet, little is known about which psychopathological symptoms are linked with patients' satisfaction with their mental health. We aimed to identify these symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. An individual patient data meta-analysis was conducted with data from 2,488 patients from 8 independent studies. Satisfaction with mental health was rated on a 7-point scale, and symptoms were observer-rated using identical items from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale. Mixed multilevel univariate followed by multivariate regression models were used to identify symptoms associated with satisfaction with mental health. In univariate regressions, all subscales - not age and gender - were associated with mental health satisfaction. In the multivariate regression, only affective and negative symptoms were significantly associated with a lower satisfaction with mental health, explaining 22.5% of the variance. Observer-rated psychopathological symptoms are linked to patients' mental health satisfaction. In addition to affective symptoms - which are commonly negatively linked with satisfaction ratings - a higher level of negative symptoms makes patients less satisfied with their mental health, whilst positive and other symptoms do not influence mental health satisfaction. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Co-operative function and mutual stabilization of the half ATP-binding cassette transporters HAF-4 and HAF-9 in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Caenorhabditis elegans HAF-4 and HAF-9 are half ABC (ATP-binding-cassette) transporters that are highly homologous to the human lysosomal peptide transporter TAPL [TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing)-like; ABCB9]. We reported previously that both HAF-4 and HAF-9 localize to the membrane of a subset of intestinal organelles, and are required for the formation of these organelles and other physiological aspects. In the present paper, we report the genetic and physical interactions between HAF-4 and HAF-9. Overexpression of HAF-4 and HAF-9 did not rescue the intestinal organelle defect of the haf-9 and haf-4 deletion mutants respectively, indicating that they cannot substitute for each other. Double haf-4 and haf-9 mutants do not exhibit more severe phenotypes than the single mutants, suggesting their co-operative function. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated their physical interaction. The results of the present study suggest that HAF-4 and HAF-9 form a heterodimer. Furthermore, Western blot analysis of the deletion mutants and RNAi (RNA interference) knockdown experiments in GFP (green fluorescent protein)-tagged HAF-4 or HAF-9 transgenic worms suggest that HAF-4-HAF-9 heterodimer formation is required for their stabilization. The findings provide a clue as to how ABC transporters adopt a stable functional form. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Involvement of meiotic resumption in the disruption of gap junctions between cumulus cells attached to pig oocytes.
The present study was undertaken to examine the mechanisms by which cumulus cells regulate meiotic resumption in pig oocytes using microinjections of lucifer yellow into cumulus-oocyte complexes combined with a fluorescent assay. Some cumulus-oocyte complexes cultured for 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 h were denuded to assess the nuclear status of oocytes; the remaining complexes were injected with lucifer yellow and monitored for the transfer from the oocyte to the surrounding cumulus cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The proportion of oocytes undergoing germinal vesicle breakdown at 16, 24 and 32 h of cultivation was much higher than that of cumulus-oocyte complexes in which all gap junctions within cumulus cells and between cumulus cells and oocyte were disrupted (16 h: 22.7% versus 8.8%, 24 h: 66.7% versus 40.3%, 32 h: 84.0% versus 69.4%), showing that the disruption does not trigger meiotic resumption in the pig oocyte. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.99, P < 0.01) was established between the proportion of germinal vesicle breakdown oocytes and that of cumulus-oocyte complexes exhibiting loss of gap junctions within all cumulus cell layers excluding the innermost layer. From these results, it is concluded that meiotic resumption in pig oocytes is induced by the disruption of gap junctions within cumulus cells, rather than that between the oocyte and cumulus cells, which blocks the conduction of meiosis inhibitory signals from the outer cumulus cells to the oocyte. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Dexamethasone inhibition of prostaglandin production in human term placental cells is protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis dependent.
A key enzyme in the regulation of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis is PG synthase (PGS; cyclooxygenase), which converts arachidonic acid to PGs. Since both PGs and glucocorticoids are elevated before parturition, we studied the regulation of dexamethasone (DEX; 150 nM) on PGF2 alpha synthesis and PGS expression in human placental cells in vitro. Both first trimester and term placental cells were used. DEX reduced PGF2 alpha synthesis in human term placental cells, in contrast to first trimester cells which were unaffected by the same treatment. DEX inhibition of PGF2 alpha production by term placental cells was time and dose dependent. PGS expression was analyzed by [35S]methionine metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation using polyclonal antibodies developed in rabbits against ram seminal vesicle PGS. DEX reduced PGS expression in term placental cells, but not in first trimester cells. In contrast to the effect of DEX on PGF2 alpha, progesterone and estradiol production by cells were unaffected at any stage of gestation examined. DEX inhibition of PGF2 alpha synthesis required de novo biosynthesis of RNA and proteins. These results suggest 1) corticosteroids play a role in the regulation of placental PG synthesis during parturition; 2) the inhibition of PG synthesis and PGS expression by glucocorticoids is RNA and protein biosynthesis dependent; and 3) induction of labor by glucocorticoids is not directly related to changes in placental progesterone or estradiol biosynthesis. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
EMPReSS: European mouse phenotyping resource for standardized screens.
Standardized phenotyping protocols are essential for the characterization of phenotypes so that results are comparable between different laboratories and phenotypic data can be related to ontological descriptions in an automated manner. We describe a web-based resource for the visualization, searching and downloading of standard operating procedures and other documents, the European Mouse Phenotyping Resource for Standardized Screens-EMPReSS. Direct access: http://www.empress.har.mrc.ac.uk [email protected]. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Sacroiliitis in seronegative arthritis. The anatomicopathological aspects and imaging methods compared].
Sacroiliitis is usually the first and main feature of seronegative spondyloarthropathies. In its early stages it is difficult for diagnostic imaging techniques to demonstrate it and specificity is poor. At the same time, there may be few or even no symptoms at all. Therefore, the anatomical damage is quite often diagnosed at an advanced and irreversible stage. This study was aimed at assessing sacroiliac joint impairment during seronegative arthritis by means of diagnostic imaging techniques. The abnormal features of this condition are reported, pointing out the different findings of ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's disease, reactive arthritis and sacroiliitis associated with chronic enteritis--e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, etc. Then, the capabilities and the features of each imaging method (conventional radiology, CT, bone scan, MRI) are reported. Modern techniques are dealt with in depth, especially relative to their capabilities in solving radiographic dilemmas. Technological progress is currently focused on MRI, whose use in early inflammatory sacroiliitis during seronegative spondyloarthropathies remains however in the experimental stage. Therefore, plain radiography is still the method of choice and its findings are used as a diagnostic criterion in unquestionable cases. To conclude, if the peculiar morphologic features of this condition are known and supported by clinical and radiographic findings, the condition can be diagnosed early, which means proper treatment and a lower incidence of highly invalidating sequelae. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Intrauterine air embolism associated with a rectovaginal fistula in a pregnant woman.
Previous case reports have reported maternal and fetal mortality in pregnancies complicated by air emboli induced by various mechanisms. A 33-year-old multiparous woman with a known rectovaginal fistula presented with symptoms of placental abruption. She subsequently was found to have a large intrauterine air embolus. The patient was treated successfully to term by continuously draining the vaginal air with a Malecot catheter. We describe a rare case of an intrauterine air embolism during pregnancy caused by a rectovaginal fistula. Prompt recognition of air within the uterine myometrium and subchorionic space during ultrasonography led to the diagnosis and successful treatment of a potentially fatal complication by using an intravaginal Malecot catheter to release the trapped air. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[A case of anti-aquaporin 4 antibody-positive Sjögren syndrome associated with a relapsed myelitis in pregnancy].
It is known that pregnancy influences the relapsing rate of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, interaction between pregnancy and relapse of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a distinct disease from MS, remains unclear. A 34-year-old woman who 1 year previously had clinical history of Sjögren syndrome complicated by myelitis with the presence of anti-AQP4 antibody in her serum, although there was no optic neuritis involvement, was neurologically normal at time of becoming pregnant. In the 22nd week of her pregnancy, however, she developed abdominal belt-shaped numbness and sensory impairment followed by weakness of bilateral lower limb leading to difficulty of her gait. MR imaging revealed hyperintense lesions within the spinal cord extending from C2 to T2 vertebral level with marked spinal cord swelling, indicating relapse of myelitis associated with anti-AQP4 antibody. She was treated with intravenous corticosteroid with marked benefits for her neurological status; she was able to walk without assistance after the treatment. However, in the 30th week she relapsed with myelitis at T2 to T9 vertebral level on MR imaging. Intravenous steroid administration again elicited improvement. She delivered a baby via Caesarean section at 34 weeks of pregnancy. After delivery, she started taking oral corticosteroid as preventive therapy for further relapse of myelitis; thus far she has had no relapse at 7 months of follow-up. There are few reports regarding the influence of pregnancy on anti-AQP4 antibody-positive myelitis. Although further investigation should be done to clarify the difference of immunological changes during pregnancy between NMO and conventional MS, our case together with previous reports indicate increased risk of relapse during pregnancy in NMO. It is necessary to remain vigilant against possible risk of relapse during pregnancy in patients with NMO and/or positive anti-AQP4 antibody. Intravenous steroid administration seems safe and effective against relapse of NMO during pregnancy. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Pain and allodynia in postherpetic neuralgia: role of somatic and sympathetic nervous systems.
The immediate effects of selective sympathetic and somatic blockades on pain and tactile allodynia in 12 patients with long-standing ophthalmic or high cervical postherpetic neuralgia were compared. For the duration of the somatic blockade, pain was completely abolished in 11 patients and allodynia in 8 patients. In contrast, during the sympathetic blockade only one patient reported total pain relief and three a marginal attenuation of pain while eight remained unchanged; and no patient reported clear alleviation of allodynia. After successful somatic blockade, pain and allodynia reappeared with tactile sensation while thermal sensation was still absent. Pain and allodynia appear to be related to sensory impulses travelling along the large rather than the small diameter fibres; and the sympathetic system may only have a limited role. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Immediate load and esthetic zone considerations to replace maxillary incisor teeth using a new zirconia implant abutment in the bone grafted anterior maxilla.
The goal of this prospective clinical study is to evaluate a new all-ceramic implant abutment made from zirconium oxide during the immediate load of dental implants placed in the block grafted anterior maxilla. This new zirconia abutment gives the clinician the opportunity to provide the patient with an all-ceramic restorative system (abutment and crown) for an optimum esthetic result and a high level of patient satisfaction. A total of 9 hydroxyapatite-coated dental implants were surgically placed in 9 patients and were immediately loaded 5 to 7 days later with a custom composite provisional restoration that was placed out of functional occlusion. Each prefabricated, natural colored zirconia abutment was shaped and connected to the implant with a titanium screw. Provisional restorations were cemented to the zirconia abutment with the use of temporary cement. Twelve weeks later, the provisional restoration was replaced with an all-ceramic restoration. Over a 52-week observation period, no abutment fractures occurred, and no abutment screw loosening was observed. No implants failed. All 9 patients reported total satisfaction regarding esthetic quality of the all-ceramic restorative system (abutment and implant). Preliminary results of this clinical study indicate that this new zirconia abutment offers the clinician and the patient exceptional strength, optimal esthetics, and simplicity. It is of important clinical significance that use of this all-ceramic abutment eliminates the well-known disadvantages of metal abutments. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Conceptual framework from the Paris Psychosomatic School: a clinical psychoanalytic approach to oncology.
This article presents further clinical material from the Paris Psychosomatic School (Aisenstein, 2006). The Freudian foundations of psychosomatics are detailed and post-Freudian developments focusing on the contribution of the Paris Psychosomatic School are outlined, in particular, the somatizing process as a result of regression and the somatizing process as a result of drive unbinding. The authors argue that the latter possibly gives rise to progressive and serious illness leading to death. The relationship of classical psychoanalysis to psychotherapeutic treatment from the angle of the Paris school is commented on. The authors then turn to two clinical presentations of women suffering from breast cancer. The method of evaluating the patients' capacities for undergoing psychotherapeutic treatment and their mental capacity for healing is discussed. The face-to-face psychoanalytic treatment undertaken with the second case is discussed. Finally, the authors recall Freud's insistence after 1920 on the opposition of the life drives and the death drives, which placed self-destruction at the centre of psychic functioning. They conclude that current research in biology and medicine, notably research concerning programmed cell death, will converge with psychoanalytic psychosomatics to illuminate somatizing processes and demonstrate the relevance of psychoanalytic treatment to patients who are capable of mental reorganization in the course of their illness and medical treatment. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Bleeding during anticoagulant and antiaggregation therapy as a cause of acute abdomen].
Pradaxa (dabigatrani etexilati mesilas) belongs to a new group of anticoagulants, its pharmacological properties enabling uniform dosage without a need for monitoring the anticoagulant effect. It is an oral direct thrombin inhibitor. Pradaxa is the first NOAC (new oral anticoagulant) with a specific reversal agent called Praxbind (idarucizumab). Dabigatran is indicated for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in elective hip or knee replacements, for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, as well as for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and also their recurrence in adult patients.Key words: dabigatrani etexilati anticoagulant therapy - thromboembolism idarucizumab. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Preliminary evaluation on safety aspects in mosquito net impregnation with lambdacyhalothrin.
A preliminary evaluation was undertaken on the safety aspects in mosquito net impregnation with lambdacyhalothrin, on the operators and users of the treated nets. The detection by HPLC of one of the principal metabolites of lambdacyhalothrin, 3-phenoxy benzoic acid (3-PBA) in blood samples of the users and operators in very small quantities (0.01 to 0.02 ng/microliters) showed that absorption of the insecticide was minimum. Clinical examination and analysis of different biochemical parameters in blood and serum samples showed in spite of the minimal absorption of the insecticide, there was no immediate adverse effect. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Abolition of feeding intolerance following ophthalmologic examination of neonates.
Administration of mydriatic medication and ophthalmologic examination have previously been associated with feeding intolerance, characterized by large retained gastric aspirates and abdominal distention. In an attempt to eliminate this problem, we instituted a policy of withholding feedings for four hours following ophthalmologic examination. A prospective series of 50 consecutive patients was then followed to determine the incidence of feeding intolerance 24 hours prior to and 24 hours following the examination. All infants had received cyclopentolate hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride prior to the examination. A critical review of the nursing notes revealed no increased incidence in feeding intolerance during the 24-hour period following examination. There were no cases of necrotizing enterocolitis during either period. This study provides evidence that the incidence of feeding intolerance following ophthalmologic examinations might be reduced by withholding feeding for four hours after the examinations. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Kac limit for finite-range spin glasses.
We consider a finite-range spin glass model in arbitrary dimension, where the strength of the two-body coupling decays to zero over some distance gamma(-1). We show that, under mild assumptions on the interaction potential, the infinite-volume free energy of the system converges to that of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick one, in the Kac limit gamma-->0. This could be a first step toward an expansion around mean-field theory, for spin glass systems. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The pattern of metastatic lymph node dissemination from adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction.
The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction is rapidly increasing, and the extent of lymphadenectomy for such tumors remains controversial. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of dissemination by examination of all lymph nodes retrieved from resected tumors of the esophagogastric junction. The endoscopic and pathologic reports of patients who underwent RO resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction between January 1996 and November 1999 were examined. Patients with type 1 tumors (distal esophagus) underwent subtotal esophagectomy with 2-field lymphadenectomy. Patients with type 2 (gastric cardia) tumors underwent transhiatal D2 total gastro-esophagectomy. Lymph node groups were dissected from the main specimens and examined separately. One hundred and four type 1 and 48 type 2 tumors were studied. Median nodal recovery was 23 lymph nodes (type 1, 22 lymph nodes; type 2, 23 lymph nodes). Seventy-eight percent of the type 1 tumors with nodal metastases had dissemination in both the abdomen and mediastinum. The common abdominal sites were the paracardiac and the left gastric stations. Within the mediastinum, paraesophageal, paraaortic and tracheobronchial metastases were more often encountered. Type 2 tumors had positive lymph nodes most frequently in the left and right paracardiac, lesser curve (N1 group), and left gastric (N2 group) territories. Nodal status correlated with increasing depth of tumor invasion (P =.002). The pattern of nodal dissemination for cardia tumors concurs with that described by other studies. The current definition of nodal fields in the abdomen and mediastinum for esophageal tumors relates to experience with squamous carcinomas. Our results demonstrate a different pattern of dissemination for junctional esophageal adenocarcinomas. The nodal stations to be resected in radical lymphadenectomies for such tumors should be redefined. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Correlation between electrogram morphology and standard criteria to validate bidirectional cavotricuspid block in common atrial flutter ablation.
Assessment of a bidirectional conduction block within the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) is critical during radiofrequency (RF) atrial flutter (AF) ablation. We investigated the use of bipolar atrial electrogram (BAE) morphology as an additional criterion identifying CTI block and tested it against two recognized criteria: differential pacing and reversal of the right atrial depolarization sequence during coronary sinus (CS) pacing. An RF ablation procedure was performed during 600 ms CS pacing in 100 consecutive patients with a common AF. BAE recorded along the CTI were continuously monitored. CTI conduction block was achieved by RF ablation in all patients and a clear change in BAE polarity in the Electrogram recorded by the dipoles located on the CTI and immediately lateral to the intended line of block (RS to QR pattern) associated with a confirmed CTI conduction block was observed in all cases. BAE morphology changes predicted bidirectional CTI conduction blocks with a 100% positive and a 100% negative predictive value. At a mean follow-up of 33 +/- 11 months, there was a 5% AF recurrence rate. Our study suggests that morphological changes in BAE recorded at sites lateral and adjacent to the target line of block may be used as a unique and robust criterion to validate CTI conduction block during AF ablation procedure. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Corticosteroid Treatment at Diagnosis: An Analysis of Relapses, Disease Extension, and Colectomy Rate in Ulcerative Colitis.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing disease usually treated with mesalamine. The need of steroid therapy at diagnosis is generally considered as a poor prognostic factor. The aim of our study was to assess whether patients treated with corticosteroids at diagnosis have more clinical relapses, disease progression, or an increased risk of colectomy during a 5-year follow-up. We retrospectively evaluated patients who had received diagnosis of ulcerative colitis with a 5-year follow-up. Relapse was defined as a worsening of symptoms requiring an increase in medical treatment. Progression of disease was defined as a proximal extension of mucosal involvement, comparing the colonoscopy performed 5 years after diagnosis with the first one. The need of corticosteroid treatment at diagnosis was correlated to number of relapses, disease progression, and colectomy rate. We included 230 patients, 116 of them (50%) treated with steroids at diagnosis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that there is a strong correlation between corticosteroid use and number of relapses (p < 0.01), as well as with disease progression (p < 0.05). Seventeen patients (7.4%) underwent colectomy, but the correlation with steroids was not statistically significant. These data provide evidence that the need of corticosteroids at diagnosis is associated with a worse clinical outcome. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles by Chemical Precipitation Method.
Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method using cadmium chloride (CdCl2), sodium sulfide (Na2S) and water as a solvent by varying temperatures from 20-80 degrees C. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. XRD pattern revealed cubic crystal structure for all the synthesized CdS nanoparticles. Raman spectra showed first and second order longitudinal optical (LO) phonon vibrational modes of CdS. The size of CdS nanoparticles was found to be in the range of 15-80 nm by FE-SEM analysis, in all cases. The atomic percentage of cadmium and sulfur was confirmed to be 1:1 from EDS analysis. TEM micrograph depicts the spherical shape of the particles and the size is in the range of 15-85 nm while HR-TEM images of CdS nanoparticles exhibit well-resolved lattice fringes of the cubic structure of CdS. The optical properties of CdS were examined by UV-Visible spectroscopy which showed variation in absorption band from 460-480 nm. The band gap was calculated from the absorption edge and found to be in the range of 3.2-3.5 eV which is greater than the bulk CdS. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Correlation between the ibopamine provocative test and the diurnal tension curve in glaucoma patients.
To correlate the ibopamine provocative test with the diurnal tension curve (highest intraocular pressure-IOP and range) in glaucoma. This is a prospective case series including glaucoma patients from the Federal University of Goiás, Glaucoma Service. Two 2% ibopamine eyedrops were instilled into one or both eyes of each patient, 5 minutes apart. Intraocular pressure was checked before and 30 and 45 minutes after the second ibopamine instillation. Thereafter, the diurnal tension curve of each patient was assessed with five independent measurements (at every 2:30 hours), from 8:00 o'clock AM to 6:00 o'clock PM. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test the linear relation between the intraocular pressure after the ibopamine instillation with the highest intraocular pressure value and the intraocular pressure range in the diurnal curve. Thirty-one eyes from 22 patients were included. There was a significant correlation between the intraocular pressure 30 and 45 minutes after ibopamine instillation and the highest intraocular pressure assessed in the diurnal curve (r=0.356, p=0.04 and r=0.429, p=0.01, respectively). However, no correlation between IOP after the use of ibopamine and the diurnal intraocular pressure range at 30 (r=0.046, p=0.8) and 45 minutes (r=0.109, p=0.5) was observed. The ibopamine provocative test shows a significant correlation with the highest intraocular pressure in the diurnal tension curve in glaucoma patients. However, no correlation was observed with the intraocular pressure range. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Sensory mismatch induces autonomic responses associated with hippocampal theta waves in rats.
Hippocampal (HIP) theta power increases during sensory mismatch, which has been suggested to induce motion sickness with autonomic abnormality (Zou et al., 2009 [29]). To investigate relationships between hippocampal theta rhythm and autonomic functions, theta waves in the HIP and electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded during sensory mismatch by backward translocation in awake rats. The rats were placed on a treadmill affixed to a motion stage that was translocated along a figure 8-shaped track. The rats were trained to run forward on the treadmill at the same speed as that of forward translocation of the motion stage (a forward condition) before the experimental (recording) sessions. In the experimental sessions, the rats were initially tested in the forward condition, and then tested in a backward (mismatch) condition, in which the motion stage was turned around by 180° before translocation. That is, the rats were moved backward by translocation of the stage although the rats ran forward on the treadmill. In this condition, proprioceptive information indicated forward movements while vestibular and visual information indicated backward movements. The theta (6-9 Hz) power was significantly increased in the backward condition compared with the forward condition. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability indicated that sympathetic nervous activity increased in the backward condition. These data (theta power and sympathetic nervous activity) were positively correlated. Furthermore, electrical stimulation of the HIP at theta rhythm (8 Hz) increased heart rate. These results suggest that sensory mismatch information activates the HIP to induce autonomic alteration in motion sickness. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
A new paradigm emerges from the study of de novo mutations in the context of neurodevelopmental disease.
The study of de novo point mutations (new germline mutations arising from the gametes of the parents) remained largely static until the arrival of next-generation sequencing technologies, which made both whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) feasible in practical terms. Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping arrays have been used to identify de novo copy-number variants in a number of common neurodevelopmental conditions such as schizophrenia and autism. By contrast, as point mutations and microlesions occurring de novo are refractory to analysis by these microarray-based methods, little was known about either their frequency or impact upon neurodevelopmental disease, until the advent of WES. De novo point mutations have recently been implicated in schizophrenia, autism and mental retardation through the WES of case-parent trios. Taken together, these findings strengthen the hypothesis that the occurrence of de novo mutations could account for the high prevalence of such diseases that are associated with a marked reduction in fecundity. De novo point mutations are also known to be responsible for many sporadic cases of rare dominant mendelian disorders such as Kabuki syndrome, Schinzel-Giedion syndrome and Bohring-Opitz syndrome. These disorders share a common feature in that they are all characterized by intellectual disability. In summary, recent WES studies of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disease have provided new insights into the role of de novo mutations in these disorders. Our knowledge of de novo mutations is likely to be further accelerated by WGS. However, the collection of case-parent trios will be a prerequisite for such studies. This review aims to discuss recent developments in the study of de novo mutations made possible by technological advances in DNA sequencing. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Developing and validating the French-Canadian version of the practitioner and organizational telehealth readiness assessment tools.
Only one telehealth readiness assessment tool, that of Jennett et al., covers all types of telehealth projects, regardless of health-care provision context. However, this instrument is only available in English and has not undergone psychometric evaluation. We developed a French-Canadian version of the Practitioner Telehealth Readiness Assessment Tool and the Organizational Telehealth Readiness Assessment Tool. Transcultural validity was assessed by nine practitioners and 12 clinical project co-ordinators or administrators. For practitioners and managers, there was no significant difference between the scores of the English and the French versions of the questionnaires. The results showed that the telehealth readiness of co-ordinators or administrators was greater than that of practitioners when the range in scores was taken into account. The French-Canadian versions of the two questionnaires make it possible to assess telehealth readiness among French speakers. However, other studies involving patients will be necessary to validate the Patient-Public Telehealth Readiness Assessment Tool. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
1/f noise in the intensity fluctuations of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers subject to parallel optical injection.
A first analysis of fluctuations of the light intensity of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers operating in a bistable regime reveals the presence of 1/f noise. In this regime the intensity fluctuates between two recently characterized states with residence times {τ_{1}} and {τ_{2}}. We identify three distinct processes. One of them presents a coherence enhancement phenomenon, and in the other two the distribution of residence times in one of the states follows either a power law P(τ_{1})∼τ_{1}^{-2} or P(τ_{2})∼τ_{2}^{-2}, and this is the cause of the 1/f shape in the spectral density of the intensity. The process at the coherence enhancement zone shows 1/f fluctuations in the light intensity and also in the time residence process. It is shown that the origin of these fluctuations is due to a power-law distribution in the time separation between pulses observed in the time residence series. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Enhancement of a tumor allograft in BALB/c x DBA/2 F1 mice by pyran copolymer.
Pyran copolymer (NSC 46015) was evaluated with respect to its effect on the rejection of a murine leukemic allograft by BALB/c x DBA/2 F1 (CD2F1) mice. Significant prolongation of allograft survival with production of progressively growing lethal tumors was found following pyran administration. This phenomenon occurred at nontoxic doses of the drug and appeared to be closely related to the timing of pyran injection. Nonspecifically stimulated lymphocyte blast transformation by concanavalin A was not impaired by pyran when lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to the drug. The mechanism of tumor allograft enhancement remains obscure but may be related to allograft size at the time of pyran administration. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Development and usability testing of a web-based decision support for users and health professionals in psychiatric services.
Shared decision making (SMD) related to treatment and rehabilitation is considered a central component in recovery-oriented practice. Although decision aids are regarded as an essential component for successfully implementing SDM, these aids are often lacking within psychiatric services. The aim of this study was to use a participatory design to facilitate the development of a user-generated, web-based decision aid for individuals receiving psychiatric services. The results of this effort as well as the lessons learned during the development and usability processes are reported. The participatory design included 4 iterative cycles of development. Various qualitative methods for data collection were used with potential end users participating as informants in focus group and individual interviews and as usability and pilot testers. Interviewing and testing identified usability problems that then led to refinements and making the subsequent prototypes increasingly user-friendly and relevant. In each phase of the process, feedback from potential end-users provided guidance in developing the formation of the web-based decision aid that strengthens the position of users by integrating access to information regarding alternative supports, interactivity between staff and users, and user preferences as a continual focus in the tool. This web-based decision aid has the potential to strengthen service users' experience of self-efficacy and control as well as provide staff access to user knowledge and preferences. Studies employing participatory models focusing on usability have potential to significantly contribute to the development and implementation of tools that reflect user perspectives. (PsycINFO Database Record | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Duplication of the inferior vena cava: anatomy, embryology and classification proposal.
A case of a duplicated inferior vena cava (IVC) along with other anatomical vessel variations in a 72-year-old male cadaver is presented. The anomalous vessels involved, besides the IVC, were the left testicular vein and artery, the left suprarenal artery and a superior accessory left renal artery. Based on the gross appearance of the preaortic anastomotic trunk between the left and right IVC as well as on the underlying embryological features, a classification is proposed: incomplete bilateral duplication of the IVC and complete bilateral duplication of the IVC. The latter can be further divided into three types: major, minor and asymmetric. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Cytologic detection of colorectal cancer after administration of oral lavage solution.
Whether malignant cells can be detected in the bowel movements induced by oral gut lavage solution administration was studied in patients with known colonic adenocarcinomas. The induced bowel movements were collected in 27 patients, nine of whom had cancer proven by anatomic pathologic examination. The cells present were recovered with a simple technique and stained by the Papanicolaou method. Malignant cells were identified in the stained preparations in all nine patients with cancer (100% sensitivity), and there were few false positives (94.5% specificity). The authors concluded that if additional studies with greater numbers of subjects confirm the reliability of this technique, a test may be developed that would be useful for either early detection or screening. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Monoclonal antibody based immunoassay for human aminoacylase-1.
Aminoacylase-1 is expressed in a wide variety of cell types. Although the exact role of this enzyme in cellular physiology remains unclear, it has been postulated to function in the salvage of acylated aminoacids. The enzyme is also of interest due to its gene map location on chromosome 3p21, a region deleted in several neoplasms. We have produced mouse monoclonal antibodies and rabbit antisera which recognize human aminoacylase-1. A sandwich ELISA has been developed which allows the measurement of human aminoacylase-1. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Potential role of folate in pre-eclampsia.
Dietary deficiencies of folate and other B vitamin cofactors involved in one-carbon metabolism, together with genetic polymorphisms in key folate-methionine metabolic pathway enzymes, are associated with increases in circulating plasma homocysteine, reduction in DNA methylation patterns, and genome instability events. All of these biomarkers have also been associated with pre-eclampsia. The aim of this review was to explore the literature and identify potential knowledge gaps in relation to the role of folate at the genomic level in either the etiology or the prevention of pre-eclampsia. A systematic search strategy was designed to identify citations in electronic databases for the following terms: folic acid supplementation AND pre-eclampsia, folic acid supplementation AND genome stability, folate AND genome stability AND pre-eclampsia, folic acid supplementation AND DNA methylation, and folate AND DNA methylation AND pre-eclampsia. Forty-three articles were selected according to predefined selection criteria. The studies included in the present review were not homogeneous, which made pooled analysis of the data very difficult. The present review highlights associations between folate deficiency and certain biomarkers observed in various tissues of women at risk of pre-eclampsia. Further investigation is required to understand the role of folate in either the etiology or the prevention of pre-eclampsia. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Maternal uniparental heterodisomy of chromosome 6 in a boy with an isolated cleft lip and palate.
We describe a chromosome 6 uniparental disomy (UPD6) in a boy, discovered during a screening for the genetic cause of cleft lip and palate. In the medical literature, almost all documented cases of UPD6 are paternal in origin, and only four were maternal. We present here a report of complete maternal chromosome 6 uniparental heterodisomy. Haplotype analysis was performed using highly polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) markers that span both arms of chromosome 6. Analysis of these markers revealed the presence of two maternal alleles but no paternal allele, indicating an instance of maternal uniparental heterodisomy. Chromosome analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes confirmed a normal male karyotype. Advanced maternal age at the time of the infant's birth and heterodisomy of markers around the centromere favors a meiosis-I error. No specific phenotype has been reported for maternal UPD6. Therefore, the cleft lip and palate in the present case probably occurred due to other risk factors. This report provides further evidence that maternal UPD6 has no specific clinical consequences and adds to the collective knowledge of this rare chromosomal finding. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Acute renal failure--etiologic and therapeutic considerations. A five-year experience at a single institution.
In the present study we highlight the epidemiology, etiologic spectrum, and evaluation of ARF in adults. We then expand on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of renal failure and discuss the rationale for current therapeutic strategies in ARF patients. A total of 79 patients (45 male, female 34), aged 18-75 years (median age 51.2 +/- 17.7 years) with acute renal failure were studied in 5 years (January 1990 through October 1995). Emergency hemodialysis sessions following an acute anuric episode were instituted in 39 cases (49.3% of all patients). The median number of hemodialysis procedures per patient treated at our institution was 3.2 +/- 1.9. The total number of acute interstitial nephritis-associated ARF was 40. In 30 of them (75%) the acute renal insult included a combination of several therapeutic antimicrobial agents, in 2 cases (5%) ARF followed the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, in 1 (2.5%) it resulted from a combined therapeutic regimen and in the remaining 5 (12.5%) from the application of a single drug. Acute interstitial nephritis developed in 2 patients following a viral infection. In the hemodialysis-treated ARF group 12 patients (29.77%) had interstitial nephritis and 2 patients (5.13%) presented with renal impairment for an unspecified period of time preceding the development of overt ARF. In a subset of this group of patients, ARF occurred in 7 patients (17.95%) following an urologic intervention, in 8 patients (20.51%) as a consequence of thermal or mechanical trauma or intoxication and in 3 cases (7.69%) it resulted from fever of unknown origin. Three patients with postoperative peritonitis and 4 other (10.26%) with postoperative complications were encountered in our series. No cases of septic abortion-related or obstetric-related ARF were recorded. 92.3% of all hemodialysis-treated patients seen at our Institution had received a combination of antibiotics and only 2 patients had been pre-treated with a single antimicrobial agent. Our results underscore the strong tendency towards diversity in the etiologic spectrum of clinical entities causing ARF and the increase in the number of acute interstitial nephritis. These factors highlight the importance of precise dosing and administration of drugs, especially antibiotics, as well as the duration of antibiotic treatment. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Isometric and isokinetic back and arm lifting strengths: device and measurement.
This study was conducted to measure isometric (static) and isokinetic (dynamic) back and arm lifting strengths at 20, 60 and 100 cm s-1 of young adults. Ten male and ten female volunteers without a history of back pain participated. The isokinetic lifting task was achieved by controlled motorized dynamic strength tester (DST). A regression analysis and analysis of variance was carried out on the strength data. The peak static strength values were significantly greater from the peak dynamic strength values. The peak dynamic strength was inversely related to the speed of motion. There were significant differences between the dynamic strengths at different stages of lift. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Extended pancreatoduodenectomy as defined by the International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery is associated with worse survival but not with increased morbidity.
Recently, the International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery presented a consensus statement on the definition of an extended pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Because extended resections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, prognostic factors for outcome are mandatory to optimize patient selection. The aim of this study was to apply the new definition of an extended PD and to assess prognostic factors for short-term complications and survival in patients with PDAC. A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospectively collected database running from 2004 to 2014. Inclusion criteria were all PD resections with histopathology-proven PDAC. Clinical data, operative results, and short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed. We included 177 patients who underwent PD for PDAC in this study. Sixty-six patients (37%) underwent a standard PD and 111 (63%) underwent an extended PD. No differences were found in duration of postoperative stay (median, 13 days) or overall complication rate of 35% (n = 61). Severe complications occurred in 24 patients (13%). Male sex (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% CI, 0.9-6.6) was a prognostic factor for severe complications. There was no in-hospital or 90-day mortality in either group. Multivariate survival analysis showed that poor tumor differentiation (hazard ratio [HR], 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-3.1), lymph node metastasis (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.9), neural invasion (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-3.1), were independent prognostic factors for worse survival. An extended resection was associated with worse survival, but was not an independent prognostic factor (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.3). Extended PD is associated with worse survival but not with increased morbidity. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Candidate tumor suppressor LUCA-15/RBM5/H37 modulates expression of apoptosis and cell cycle genes.
RBM5 (RNA-binding motif protein 5/LUCA-15/H37) is encoded at the lung cancer tumor suppressor locus 3p21.3 and itself has several important characteristics of a tumor suppressor, including both potentiation of apoptosis and inhibition of the cell cycle. Here, we report the effects of both upregulation and downregulation of LUCA-15/RBM5 on gene expression monitored using cDNA microarrays. Many of the genes modulated by LUCA-15/RBM5 are involved in the control of apoptosis, the cell cycle, or both. These effects were confirmed for the most significant genes using real-time RT-PCR and/or Western blotting. In particular, LUCA-15/RBM5 increased the expression of Stat5b and BMP5 and decreased the expression of AIB1 (Amplified In Breast Cancer 1), proto-oncogene Pim-1, caspase antagonist BIRC3 (cIAP-2, MIHC), and CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2). These effects on multiple genes controlling both apoptosis and proliferation are in line with the functional effects of LUCA-15/RBM5 and indicate that it plays a central role in regulating cell fate consistent with its tumor suppressor activity. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Growth Hormone as Biomarker in Heart Failure.
The impairment of growth hormone (GH)/insulin growth factor-1(IGF-1) plays a crucial role in chronic heart failure (CHF). Several studies have shown that patients affected by this condition display a more aggressive disease, with impaired functional capacity and poor outcomes. Interestingly, GH replacement therapy represents a possible future therapeutic option in CHF. In this review, the authors focus on the assessment of the main abnormalities in GH/IGF-1 axis in CHF, the underlying molecular background, and their impact on disease progression and outcomes. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
On-line hierarchy of general linear models for selecting and ranking the best predicted protein structures.
To predict the three dimensional structure of proteins, many computational methods sample the conformational space, generating a large number of candidate structures. Subsequently, such methods rank the generated structures using a variety of model quality assessment programs in order to obtain a small set of structures that are most likely to resemble the unknown experimentally determined structure. Model quality assessment programs suffer from two main limitations: (i) the rank-one structure is not always the best predicted structure; in other words, the best predicted structure could be ranked as the 10th structure (ii) no single assessment method can correctly rank the predicted structures for all target proteins. However, because often at least some of the methods achieve a good ranking, a model quality assessment method that is based on a consensus of a number of model quality assessment methods is likely to perform better. We have devised the STPdata algorithm, a consensus method based on five model quality assessment programs. We have applied it to build an on-line "custom-trained" hierarchy of general linear models to select and rank the best predicted structures. By "custom-trained", we mean for each target protein the STPdata algorithm trains a unique model on data related to the input target protein. To evaluate our method we participated in CASP8 as human predictors. In CASP8, the STPdata algorithm has trained 128 hierarchical models for each of the 128 target proteins. Based on the official results of CASP8 our method outperformed the best server by 6% and won the fourth position among human predictors. Our CASP results are purely based on computational methods without any human intervention. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The molecular setup of the avian head mesoderm and its implication for craniofacial myogenesis.
The head mesoderm is the mesodermal tissue on either side of the brain, from forebrain to hindbrain levels, and gives rise to the genuine head muscles. Its relatedness to the more posterior paraxial mesoderm, the somites, which generate the muscles of the trunk, is conversely debated. To gain insight into the molecular setup of the head mesoderm, its similarity or dissimilarity to the somitic mesoderm, and the implications of its setup for the progress of muscle formation, we investigated the expression of markers (1) for mesoderm segmentation and boundary formation, (2) for regional specification and somitogenesis and (3) for the positive and negative control of myogenic differentiation. We show that the head mesoderm is molecularly distinct from somites. It is not segmented; even the boundary to the first somite is ill-defined. Importantly, the head mesoderm lacks the transcription factors driving muscle differentiation while genes suppressing differentiation and promoting cell proliferation are expressed. These factors show anteroposteriorly and dorsoventrally regionalised but overlapping expression. Notably, expression extends into the areas that actively contribute to the heart, overlapping with the expression of cardiac markers. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Seasonal variation of the preponderance of fly species in Jinhua city area].
The seasonal variation of the preponderant fly species in Jinhua city area was observed and analyzed from June to November in 1998 and from March to November in 1999. The preponderant fly species catching with regular method in Jinhua city area were C. megacephala, M. sorbens, L. seriata and L. cuprina, and A. grahami was also a preponderant species in several other some months. The peak season for C. megacephala was in summer, M. sorbens one peak from summer to autumn, L. seriata and L. cuprina in spring and autumn, and A. graham merely appeared in early spring and late autumn. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Value of assessing left ventricular longitudinal systolic peak strain in differential diagnosis of primary cardiac amyloidosis from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
To analyze the endocardial, myocardial, and epicardial longitudinal systolic strain (LSsys) in the left ventricle (LV) segments and walls in patients with cardiac involvement due to primary amyloidosis (AL-CA) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Twenty patients with biopsy-proven AL-CA, 20 with asymmetric HCM, and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers were analyzed for their clinical characteristics and underwent conventional echocardiography for evaluating LV wall thickness, left atrial and ventricle size, systolic and diastolic function and 2-dimensional velocity vector imaging for evaluating the endocardial, myocardial and epicardial LSsys of the LV segments and walls. AL-CA and HCM patients also underwent cardiac magnetic resonance to evaluate the late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) features. Compared with the control group, AL-CA and HCM groups, with similar clinical symptoms and physical signs, both showed increased LV wall thickness, left atrial diameter, E/A ratio, septal E/e' ratio and the prevalence of granular sparkling. LV segments and walls endocardial LSsys were significantly lower in AL-CA patients than in HCM patients and the control subjects. The endocardial-epicardial LSsys difference in all the left ventricle walls were significantly smaller in AL-CA group than in the control group, but this difference appeared variable in HCM group. The LGE also presented with different features in AL-CA and HCM: AL-CA group showed subendocardial LGE in almost all the LV walls, but HCM group showed patchy LGE with a regional, multifocal distribution. AL-CA is characterized by a significantly reduced endocardial LSsys in the LV segments and an uniform decrease of the endocardial-epicardial LSsys difference in all the LV walls, but the changes in HCM appear variable, and 2-dimensional velocity vector imaging is therefore a useful modality to differentiate AL-CA from HCM. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The high-risk hypertensive patient and the potential for brain imidazoline receptor binding by rilmenidine.
It is a fact that sympathetic outflow is a player in most, if not all, hypertensive conditions. A selective, effective, and relatively benign means of controlling it remains high on every clinician's wish list. In this supplement we examine the neurobiologic and pharmacologic evidence that the wish is nearing fulfillment. Recent evidence has documented the existence of nonadrenergic receptors in the brainstem, other than the well-known alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, that bind the imidazoline portion of vasoactive molecules. Pharmacologic science has wasted little time in developing compounds rich in imidazoline-like structures that, by supplanting norepinephrine (the natural cerebral neurotransmitter for sympathetic nervous system outflow) quiet sympathetic outflow, restrain heart rate and vasomotor influence, and reduce the negative quality-of-life effects induced by earlier centrally acting agents. This is because specific ligands for the imidazoline-preferring receptors appear to lower blood pressure without attendant drowsiness, dry mouth, and impaired mentation. Rilmenidine, the subject of this supplement, is the newest such agent, and the scientists involved in its development and clinical trials have produced heartening data. These developments presage good news in the clinic, and I am excited by their potential, particularly that for gaining deeper insight into human pressor phenomena. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The latest generation in flexible bronchoscopes: a description and evaluation.
Since the introduction of the flexible bronchoscope over 50 years ago, bronchoscopists have seen vast improvement in the technology available for diagnostics and therapeutics in the bronchoscopy laboratory. We set forth to evaluate the latest evolution in flexible bronchoscopes with features designed to improve imaging and airway navigation. The BF-Q190, BF-H190, and/or BF-1TH190 bronchoscopes were evaluated prospectively in 105 patients undergoing bronchoscopy from November 2010 to August 2011 at 2 tertiary care centers in the United States. Data collected from each procedure included method of insertion, airway images, and therapeutic interventions. At the completion of the study, 10 bronchoscopists were surveyed using a 7-point Likert scale to identify the perceived benefits of the design. Insertion methods included nasal, oral, laryngeal mask airway or endotracheal tube, and tracheostomy. Procedures performed included bronchoalveolar lavage, endobronchial biopsy or brushing, transbronchial biopsy, transbronchial needle aspiration or injection, peripheral navigation, and large airway therapeutic interventions. Survey of bronchoscopists revealed that when compared with current bronchoscopes, the features rated as having the most significant impact on functionality are the 210-degree tip angulation (average 2.4/3) and rotational capability of the insertion tube (average 2.4/3). The new-generation flexible bronchoscope offers improvement in image quality, magnification options, unique insertion tube rotation, and an increased 210-degree distal tip angulation over currently available flexible bronchoscopes. The bronchoscopes are an overall improvement to the current generation of bronchoscopes. The increased tip angulation and novel rotating insertion tube add the most to improvement in functionality. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Some magnesium salts and a mixture of magnesium and calcium salts accelerate skin barrier recovery.
The effects of four different magnesium salts on the cutaneous barrier recovery rate after barrier disruption were evaluated. We spread an aqueous solution of each salt on the flank skin of hairless mice, occluded the area with a plastic membrane for 20 min, and then left the skin surface to dry. All of the magnesium salts, except magnesium bis(dihydrogen phosphate), accelerated barrier repair. We next estimated the effects of magnesium chloride aqueous solutions which contained calcium chloride at different molar ratios. When the calcium to magnesium ratio was lower than 1, the mixture accelerated barrier repair. The application of an aqueous solution of 10 mM magnesium chloride and 10 mM calcium chloride was found to hasten the barrier recovery more effectively than a solution of 10 mM magnesium chloride. These results suggest that the effects of these metal ions are different depending on the counter ion and/or the method of application. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The effects of focal articular defects on intra-tissue strains in the surrounding and opposing cartilage.
Focal damage to articular cartilage is commonly found in symptomatic knees and may contribute to patient discomfort and progressive cartilage degeneration. The objective of this study was to quantify changes in cartilage intra-tissue strain and sliding occurring near a focal defect. Pairs of human osteochondral blocks were compressed by 20% of the total cartilage thicknesses, and tissue deformation was recorded by video microscopy. Then, a single, full-thickness defect was created in one block from each pair, blocks were allowed to re-swell, and the pairs were retested. Stained nuclei, acting as fiducial markers, were tracked by digital image correlation and used to calculate cartilage strains and surface displacement. With intact samples, axial strain decreased with depth, as is typical of cartilage, and relatively little sliding occurred between surfaces. With defect samples, axial compression of cartilage at the defect rim rose by approximately 30%, shear in the opposing tissue increased 10-fold to approximately 0.15, and local sliding was elevated to > 50 microm. In vivo, tissue near a defect likely experiences increased overall compression, magnifying these observed in vitro effects. Excessive strains may contribute to cell death, matrix damage, or accelerated wear, and repair efficacy may depend on the ability to alleviate adverse mechanical conditions. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Recurrent vesicourethal stenosis after radical prostatectomy: how to treat it?
Vesicourethral anastomotic stricture and urinary incontinence are severe complications of radical prostatectomy because they cause great impact in the quality of life. Three patients that presented these complications after prostate radical surgery were assessed retrospectively. To treat the stenosis of the vesicourethral anastomosis an urolume was placed and later on, an artificial sphincter AMS 800 was implanted to treat the resulting urinary incontinence. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Risk of developing cytomegalovirus retinitis in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
This study examines the risk of developing cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis as a function of the duration and degree of CD4+ lymphocyte depletion. A retrospective analysis of 135 persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was performed. Kaplan-Meier estimates for the percentage of patients developing CMV retinitis during the 27-month study period were calculated. Twenty-six patients were diagnosed as having CMV retinitis. In 14 of these patients, T cell phenotyping was done within the 3 months preceding diagnosis. The mean CD4+ lymphocyte count for these patients was 15.6 cells/mm3 (range, 2-33/mm3). At 27 months, the percentage of patients developing CMV retinitis with baseline CD4+ lymphocyte counts of 0-50, 51-100, and 101-250 cells/mm3 was 41.9%, 26.3%, and 14.7%, respectively (log-rank test, p = 0.003). The odds ratio for developing CMV retinitis for those with baseline CD4+ lymphocyte counts of 0-50 cells/mm3 compared with those with CD4+ lymphocyte counts of 101-250 cells/mm3 was 4.62 (p = 0.002). Twenty-four patients had CD4+ lymphocyte counts of < or = 50 cells/mm3 for an average of 13.1 months prior to diagnosis. Twenty-two patients had an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness diagnosed for an average of 18.0 months prior to the onset of retinitis. CMV retinitis is most likely to develop in patients with AIDS when the CD4+ lymphocyte count is < or = 50 cells/mm3. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Dual modulation of a potassium channel by the m1 muscarinic and beta2-adrenergic receptors.
Neurotransmitter receptors alter membrane excitability and synaptic efficacy by generating intracellular signals that ultimately change the properties of ion channels. Given their critical role in controlling cell membrane potential, potassium channels are frequently the targets of modulatory signals from many different G protein-coupled receptors. However, due to the heterogeneity of potassium channel expression in vivo, it has been difficult to determine the molecular mechanisms governing the regulation of molecularly defined potassium channels. Through expression studies in Xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells, we found that the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) potently suppresses a cloned delayed rectifier potassium channel, termed RAK, through a pathway involving phospholipase C activation and direct tyrosine phosphorylation of the RAK protein. In contrast, we found that RAK channel activity is strongly enhanced following agonist activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors; this effect requires a single PKA consensus phosphorylation site located near the amino terminus of the channel protein. These results demonstrate that a specific type of potassium channel that is widely expressed in the mammalian brain and heart is subject to both positive and negative regulation by G protein-dependent pathways. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Immunohistochemical study on keratin expression of uterine reserve cells].
An immunohistochemical expression in the reserve cells of the uterine cervix using monoclonal antibodies of cytokeratin which detected the different subtypes of keratin was studied. Although the reserve cells were positive for all the four cytokeratin antibodies (CAM5.2, M-20, M-888, M-630), different immunoreactivity was found as follows: CAM5.2 reacted uniformly and intensely in the cervical glands, but weak in the reserve cells. M-20 reacted similar to that of CAM5.2 in the cervical glands, but was weaker stained in the reserve cells than with CAM5.2. M-888 reacted uniformly and intensely in both the cervical glands and reserve cells. M-630 reacted only in the reserve cells, but seldom in the cervical glands. Hence, CAM5.2 and M-20, which detected No.8 and No.18 of antiserum for low-molecular weight cytokeratin, reacted more weakly in the reserve cells than in the cervical glands, and M-630, which detected No.5 and No.14 of antiserum for high-molecular weight cytokeratin, reacted uniformly and intensely in the reserve cells. That results suggested the reserve cells revealed the expression as the stratified squamous epithelium. As for cell proliferation on the cervical glands and reserve cells, the positive nuclear staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was found in both of them, especially in the cervical glands just above the reserve cells. Therefore, the reserve cells had characteristics of squamous cell epithelium and developed to metaplastic cells. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The increase in gene expression induced by introduction of rare codons into the C terminus of the template.
Short oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) possessing two tandem Arg codons followed by TGA stop codon were inserted near the 3' end of a modified cat gene. It was found that while being decoded in vivo, the AGGAGGTGA oligo increased the yield of gene product and, in addition, caused -1 frameshifting. The 3-10-fold increase of the yield of the polypeptide was accompanied by increased accumulation of corresponding mRNA, indicating a protection from messenger decay. Transformation of the cells by a plasmid overproducing tRNA(4Arg) gene compensates for all the anomalies. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The ADAM metalloproteinases.
The ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are a fascinating family of transmembrane and secreted proteins with important roles in regulating cell phenotype via their effects on cell adhesion, migration, proteolysis and signalling. Though all ADAMs contain metalloproteinase domains, in humans only 13 of the 21 genes in the family encode functional proteases, indicating that at least for the other eight members, protein-protein interactions are critical aspects of their biological functions. The functional ADAM metalloproteinases are involved in "ectodomain shedding" of diverse growth factors, cytokines, receptors and adhesion molecules. The archetypal activity is shown by ADAM-17 (tumour necrosis factor-alpha convertase, TACE), which is the principal protease involved in the activation of pro-TNF-alpha, but whose sheddase functions cover a broad range of cell surface molecules. In particular, ADAM-17 is required for generation of the active forms of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) ligands, and its function is essential for the development of epithelial tissues. Several other ADAMs have important sheddase functions in particular tissue contexts. Another major family member, ADAM-10, is a principal player in signalling via the Notch and Eph/ephrin pathways. For a growing number of substrates, foremost among them being Notch, cleavage by ADAM sheddases is essential for their subsequent "regulated intramembrane proteolysis" (RIP), which generates cleaved intracellular domains that translocate to the nucleus and regulate gene transcription. Several ADAMs play roles in spermatogenesis and sperm function, potentially by effecting maturation of sperm and their adhesion and migration in the uterus. Other non-catalytic ADAMs function in the CNS via effects on guidance mechanisms. The ADAM family are thus fundamental to many control processes in development and homeostasis, and unsurprisingly they are also linked to pathological states when their functions are dysregulated, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, asthma, Alzheimer's disease. This review will provide an overview of current knowledge of the human ADAMs, discussing their structure, function, regulation and disease involvement. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Efficacy and tolerability of MK-0974 (telcagepant), a new oral antagonist of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, compared with zolmitriptan for acute migraine: a randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-treatment trial.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) probably has a role in migraine pathophysiology, and antagonism of its receptors might provide treatment without the vasoconstrictor effects of triptans. We aimed to assess the clinical profile of MK-0974 (telcagepant), an orally bioavailable antagonist of CGRP receptor. In a randomised, parallel-treatment, placebo-controlled, double-blind, trial at 81 sites in the Europe and the USA, adults with migraine diagnosed by International Headache Society criteria treated moderate or severe attacks with either oral telcagepant 150 mg or 300 mg, zolmitriptan 5 mg, or placebo. The five co-primary endpoints were pain freedom, pain relief, or absence of photophobia, phonophobia, or nausea at 2 h after treatment. Analysis was by the full analysis set and multiplicity was controlled for with a step-down closed-testing procedure. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00442936. 1380 patients were randomly assigned to receive telcagepant 150 mg (n=333) or 300 mg (354), zolmitriptan (345), or placebo (348). Telcagepant 300 mg was more effective than placebo for pain freedom (95 [27%] of 353 patients vs 33 [10%] of 343 [p<0.0001]), pain relief (194 [55%] of 353 vs 95 [28%] of 343 [p<0.0001]), and absences of phonophobia (204 [58%] of 353 vs 126 [37%] of 342 [p<0.0001]), photophobia (180 [51%] of 353 vs 99 [29%] of 342 [p<0.0001]), and nausea (229 [65%] of 352 vs 189 [55%] of 342 [p=0.0061]). Efficacy of telcagepant 300 mg and zolmitriptan 5 mg were much the same, and both were more effective than telcagepant 150 mg. Adverse events were recorded for 31% taking telcagepant 150 mg, 37% taking telcagepant 300 mg, 51% taking zolmitriptan 5 mg, and 32% taking placebo. Telcagepant 300 mg is effective as an acute treatment for migraine with efficacy comparable to that of zolmitriptan 5 mg, but with fewer associated adverse effects. Merck Research Laboratories. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Production of angiogenic factors by human glioblastoma cells following activation of the G-protein coupled formylpeptide receptor FPR.
Activation of the formylpeptide receptor (FPR), a G-protein-coupled receptor, by its chemotactic peptide ligand N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF) promotes the directional migration and survival of human glioblastoma cells. fMLF also stimulates glioblastoma cells to produce biologically active VEGF, an important angiogenic factor involved in tumor progression. In this study, we examined the capacity of FPR to regulate the production of another angiogenic factor, the chemokine IL-8 (CXCL8), in addition to its demonstrated ability to induce VEGF secretion by malignant glioma cells. We showed that the human glioblastoma cell line U87 secreted considerable levels of IL-8 (CXCL8) upon stimulation by the FPR agonist peptide fMLF. Tumor cells transfected with small interference (si)RNA targeting FPR failed to produce IL-8 as well as VEGF in response to fMLF. Glioblastoma cells bearing FPR siRNA exhibited reduced rate of tumorigenicity in nude mice and tumors formed by such tumor cells showed less active angiogenesis and lower level expression of both IL-8 and VEGF. These results suggest that FPR plays an important role in the angiogenesis of human malignant gliomas through increasing the production of angiogenic factors by FPR positive tumor cells. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Allying tobacco control with human rights: invited commentary.
The recognition that tobacco control and human rights concerns overlap is quite recent. This commentary reflects upon tobacco control's growth through allying with other domains, and details a particular effort to build alliances between tobacco control and human rights practitioners. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Self-administered instrument to measure the patient's experience of recovery after first-episode psychosis: development and validation of the Psychosis Recovery Inventory.
Patients who are recovering from a first-episode psychosis face specific and complex issues that are related to their illness and treatment experiences, such as the appraisal of the extent of their recovery and the risk of relapse. Currently, no instrument provides a comprehensive assessment of these related attitudes. A novel self-administered rating scale for the measurement of key perceptions during the recovery stage after a first-episode psychosis is presented. The Psychosis Recovery Inventory (PRI) is designed to specifically address a number of closely related issues that are faced by patients who are recovering from a first-episode psychosis. The process of development of the PRI involved the generation of items from qualitative interviews, the construction and refinement of these items and a validation study. The longitudinal stability of the PRI items was assessed in a test-retest reliability study in which 20 patients completed the retest within 4 weeks. The internal consistency and convergent validity of the PRI were evaluated by a comparison of the PRI subscale scores and the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder and Drug Attitude Inventory scores in a sample of 48 first-episode psychosis patients. The validation study shows that the PRI is an instrument with a good test-retest reliability, internal consistency and convergent validity. This pragmatic, low burden, self-administered scale can be applied in clinical and research settings to obtain reliable information on the attitudes of patients on a range of interrelated issues in the recovery stage that follows a first-episode psychosis. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
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