More than 80,000 people are sleeping in the open air in freezing temperatures after fleeing a Syrian government offensive in the northern province of Idlib.

Most of that number have absolutely no shelter at all, while close to 20,000 are sleeping underneath trees for the little protection they provide.

At least six children are reported to have died from the cold in recent days, according to the International Rescue Committee (IRC). One family was found dead in the snow after they were unable to find a place to stay.

The scale of the humanitarian crisis has shocked charity workers and officials. Aid organisations were already stretched to breaking point when waves of people began to flee a government offensive to capture the last rebel-held province.

More than 800,000 people have fled their homes since 1 December, the vast majority of them women and children, making it the biggest wave of displacement of the entire war.

Syrian regime bombards Idlib Show all 23 1 /23 Syrian regime bombards Idlib Syrian regime bombards Idlib Members of the Syrian Civil Defence, also known as the White Helmets, recover a wounded boy from the rubble of a building following a regime air strike on a vegetable market in Syria's last major opposition bastion of Idlib AFP via Getty Syrian regime bombards Idlib The regime air strikes killed at least nine civilians, striking bustling areas of Idlib city AFP via Getty Syrian regime bombards Idlib An injured woman waits to receive treatment at a makeshift hospital AFP via Getty Syrian regime bombards Idlib Syrian Civil Defence, also known as the White Helmets, searching through the rubble of a building AFP via Getty Syrian regime bombards Idlib A Syrian boy is evacuated AFP via Getty Syrian regime bombards Idlib A drone picture taken on January 15, 2020, shows members of the Syrian Civil Defence, also known as the White Helmets, searching through the rubble of a building at the site of a regime airstrike on Syria's last major opposition bastion of Idlib - Regime air strikes on Syria's last major opposition bastion killed at least nine civilians, striking bustling areas of Idlib city despite a fresh Russian-sponsored truce, a war monitor said. At least 20 other civilians were wounded in the raids that hit a vegetable market and repair shops in Idlib, capital of the jihadist-held province of the same name, said the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. (Photo by Omar HAJ KADOUR / AFP) (Photo by OMAR HAJ KADOUR/AFP via Getty Images) OMAR HAJ KADOUR AFP via Getty Images Syrian regime bombards Idlib The wreckage of a car AFP via Getty Images Syrian regime bombards Idlib A Syrian boy cries as he is evacuated AFP via Getty Images Syrian regime bombards Idlib Rescuers search for survivors EPA Syrian regime bombards Idlib A drone picture taken on January 15, 2020, shows members of the Syrian Civil Defence, also known as the White Helmets, searching through the rubble of a building at the site of a regime airstrike on Syria's last major opposition bastion of Idlib - Regime air strikes on Syria's last major opposition bastion killed at least nine civilians, striking bustling areas of Idlib city despite a fresh Russian-sponsored truce, a war monitor said. At least 20 other civilians were wounded in the raids that hit a vegetable market and repair shops in Idlib, capital of the jihadist-held province of the same name, said the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. (Photo by Omar HAJ KADOUR / AFP) (Photo by OMAR HAJ KADOUR/AFP via Getty Images) OMAR HAJ KADOUR AFP via Getty Images Syrian regime bombards Idlib A Syrian boy grimaces in pain after he was wounded in the airstrikes AP Syrian regime bombards Idlib A Syrian youth stands at the site of a regime air strike in Ariha town AFP via Getty Syrian regime bombards Idlib Rescuers search for survivors under the rubble of a collapsed building EPA Syrian regime bombards Idlib A Syrian walks on the rubble of a building following a regime air strike on Ariha town in Syria's last major opposition bastion of Idlib on January 15, 2020. - Regime air strikes on Syria's last major opposition bastion killed at least nine civilians Wednesday, striking bustling areas of Idlib city despite a fresh Russian-sponsored truce, a war monitor said. (Photo by Omar HAJ KADOUR / AFP) (Photo by OMAR HAJ KADOUR/AFP via Getty Images) OMAR HAJ KADOUR AFP via Getty Syrian regime bombards Idlib Firefighters try to extinguish flames EPA Syrian regime bombards Idlib Emergency services look for survivors AP Syrian regime bombards Idlib Emergency services look for survivors after airstrikes in the city of Idlib, Syria, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2020. Syrian government warplanes struck a market and an industrial area Wednesday in the last territory in the hands of rebel groups in the country's northwest, killing at least 15 people, opposition activists said. (AP Photo/Ghaith Alsayed) Ghaith Alsayed AP Syrian regime bombards Idlib A boy wounded in airstrikes is treated in a hospital AP Syrian regime bombards Idlib Syrian White Helmet civil defense workers extinguish a burning car Syrian Civil Defense White Helmets via AP Syrian regime bombards Idlib A Syrian walks on the rubble of a building AFP via Getty Syrian regime bombards Idlib People walk past destruction by the government airstrikes in the town of Ariha, in Idlib province, Syria, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2020. Syrian government warplanes struck a market and an industrial area Wednesday in the last territory in the hands of rebel groups in the country's northwest, killing at least 15 people, opposition activists said. (AP Photo/Ghaith Alsayed) Ghaith Alsayed AP Syrian regime bombards Idlib People walk past destruction by the government airstrikes in the town of Ariha, in Idlib province, Syria, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2020. Syrian government warplanes struck a market and an industrial area Wednesday in the last territory in the hands of rebel groups in the country's northwest, killing at least 15 people, opposition activists said. (AP Photo/Ghaith Alsayed) Ghaith Alsayed AP Syrian regime bombards Idlib People look at destruction by the government airstrikes in the town of Ariha, in Idlib province, Syria, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2020. Syrian government warplanes struck a market and an industrial area Wednesday in the last territory in the hands of rebel groups in the country's northwest, killing at least 15 people, opposition activists said. (AP Photo/Ghaith Alsayed) Ghaith Alsayed AP

“Unimaginably, an already catastrophic situation in northwest Syria is getting even worse,” said Misty Buswell, from the IRC.

“As people lose their homes, see their children killed by airstrikes or before their eyes as they desperately try to keep them warm, it is not only the humanitarian situation in Idlib that is at breaking point, but the people there too,” she added.

With temporary camps full, mosques and schools had opened their doors to provide shelter. But they too are now full and people have nowhere to go.

A blanket of snow in some parts of Syria’s north has exacerbated the situation. As temperatures drop to -11 degrees Celsius, people are burning clothes, tyres and plastic bags to stay warm.

Mark Cutts, the UN deputy regional humanitarian coordinator for the Syria crisis, described the new displacement in Idlib as an “exodus” as he called for international action on the crisis.

“We’ve been calling repeatedly in the Security Council for the protection of the civilian population,” he told The Independent this week.

“What’s this world coming to if we’re not able to protect 3 million civilians – mostly women and children – who are trapped in a war zone?” he asked.

The battle in Idlib has pitted an array of nationalist and jihadist rebel groups, some of which are supported by Turkey, against the Syrian government and its backers Russia and Iran.

Russian and Syrian government airstrikes have targeted hospitals and emptied entire towns and cities of people. The fighting has taken a devastating human toll over the past year. According to the United Nations, at least 1,710 civilians have been killed in northwest Syria, including 337 women and 503 children in northwest Syria.

Civilians flee from Idlib to find safety inside Syria near the border with Turkey (AP)

The Syrian government has vowed to bring the entire country back under its control, and is currently focusing its fire on Idlib. In recent days, government troops captured a strategic highway that runs between Aleppo and Damascus and came into direct confrontation with Turkish forces, which are stationed at observation points near the frontlines.

Ankara is desperate to avoid another wave of refugees crossing into Turkey, and has sought to push back against the Syrian government offensive.

Thirteen Turkish military personnel have been killed by Syrian government shelling in the past 10 days, while Turkey claimed to have killed dozens of Syrian soldiers in response.