Broader measures of unemployment favored by President Donald Trump are unlikely to see much improvement in coming years, according to a new WSJ survey of economists.

Mr. Trump frequently criticized the official jobless rate on the campaign trail. His Treasury secretary nominee, Steve Mnuchin, outlined a wider report card of labor-market health to Congress.

Many economists share Mr. Mnuchin’s view that it is time to pay more attention to such broader measures, which could become an increasing focus of markets and policy makers.

"In a complex economy, there should never be just one summary statistic,” said Diane Swonk, founder of economics consultancy DS Economics.

To learn more about the prospects for these alternate gauges, The Wall Street Journal surveyed economists on a range of variables highlighted by Mr. Mnuchin.