This is a 33-minute preview of a 2 hr, 14-minute episode.

Discussing Arthur Schopenhauer's On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, published in 1847 (as an expansion of his doctoral thesis from 1813).

What kinds of explanations are legitimate? S. thought that causal and logical explanations are often confused, resulting in philosophical errors. In laying out the four types of explanation -- the four versions of the principle of sufficient reason -- he clearly elaborates his modernized Kantian epistemology. We also discuss his strange notion of "will" that was so influential on Nietzsche and Freud. Plus, we discuss "Action Philosophers!" and "Walking Dead."

Read the book online here or purchase it. We also read this chunk of The World As Will and Representation.

End song: "The Answer," from the forthcoming album Impossible Things by New People.

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