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7fb8a42b-2574-49f6-bf60-439ad7a8adbe | A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency depament complaining of frequent nose-bleeds. What is the most likely site of acute epistaxis? | Turbinate | Septum | Maxillary sinus | Ethmoid sinus | 1b
| single | The most common source of epistaxis is Kisselbach's vascular plexus on the anterior nasal septum. Predisposing factors include foreign bodies, forceful nose-blowing, nose-picking, rhinitis and deted septum | Surgery | Facial Injuries and Abnormalities |
171893b3-0b02-4886-a6c9-ddd5b4d5be2b | Linitis plastica is a type of : | Gastric ulcer | Ca stomach | Duodenal ulcer | None of the above | 1b
| multi | Linitis plastica is a subtype of gastric cancer that is characterized by diffuse infiltrating adenocarcinoma without obvious caers and ulcers. It is thought to originate from parietal cell poion of gastric mucosa. Because of its diffuse nature ,this form of gastric cancer ususally involves the whole stomach. Ref : Clinical Scenarios in Surgical Oncology edited by Vijay P. Khatri | Surgery | null |
d4ee997e-1c66-4f12-80e4-328b5c58d73d | True about genital infection is? | Thin frothy secretions associated with mondial infection | Patients and partners are given metronidazole for mondial infection | Tetracycline is drug of choice for trichomonas vaginalis | Clue cells are associated with gardenella vaginalis | 3d
| multi | ANSWER: (D) Clue cells are associated with Trichomonas vaginalisREF: Shaw 14th ed p. 132Drug of choice for various genital infections in women:Chlamydia : azithromycin + contact tracing , in pregnancy erythromycin is 1st DOC , amoxicillin is 2ndTrichomonas : metronidazole to both the partnersBacterial vaginosis: metronidazoleCandida: oral fluconazole or ketoconazole , topical miconazole or teraconazoleGonorrea: ceftriaxone , ofloxacin , ciprofloxacinHerepes simplex: acyclovirSome important points about genital infections: Bacterial vaginosisTrichomoniasisMoniliasisOrganismGardenella vaginalis, hemophillus vaginosis, mobilincus, ureplasma ureolyticum, mycoplasma hominisTrichomonas vaginalisCandida albicansDischargeThick, grey white discharge , sticking to vaginal walls with bad odourYellowish green frothy discharge with dysuria and pruritus with bad odourWhite cottage cheese with itching and burningDiagnosisWhiff test on KOH, Clue cells on microscopy with | In WBC and clumps of bacteriaTrichomonas on saline wet mountHyphae and buds on 10% KOH | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Symptoms Associated with Genital Infections |
f44e035d-1bbd-4532-ab5b-8ede8b50f985 | Long acting glucocoicoid is ? | Dexamethasone | Triamcenolone | Prednisolone | Hydrocoisone | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dexamethasone | Pharmacology | null |
c0cd281b-eef0-429e-bd6c-8f73af4f8f1d | An emergency room physician examines a patient who has fallen from a motorcycle and injured his shoulder. The clinician notices a loss of the normal contour of the shoulder and a abnormal-appearing depression below the acromion. Which of the following injuries did the patient most likely sustain? | Avulsion of the coronoid process | Dislocated shoulder joint | Fracture of the midshaft of the humerus | Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus | 1b
| multi | The abnormal depression described is a characteristic tip-off for a dislocated shoulder joint. This is impoant to remember, as it may help you make a rapid diagnosis.Avulsion of the coronoid process of the ulna (at the elbow) can occur following a severe contracture of brachialis.Fracture of the midshaft of the humerus may produce a "bend" in the upper arm.Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus can lacerate the axillary branch of the posterior cord ( also called axillary), causing paralysis of the deltoid. Ref: McMahon P.J., Kaplan L.D. (2006). Chapter 4. Spos Medicine. In H.B. Skinner (Ed), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Ohopedics, 4e | Anatomy | null |
1a84297e-5c01-4cca-9241-3f13978026de | Given below shows an examination technique. The structure being examined originated from:- | Popliteal Aery | Anterior Tibial Aery | Post Tibial Aery | Dorsal Arch of Foot | 1b
| single | In the video ,structure being examined has originated from Anterior Tibial Aery =Dorsalis Pedis Aery Pulse can be palpated readily lateral to the Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendon (or medially to the Extensor Digitorum Longus Tendon) on the dorsal surface of the foot, distal to the dorsal most prominence of the navicular bone which serves as a reliable landmark for palpation. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial aery. =Popliteal Aery is palpated at popliteal fossa =Post Tibial Aery-The posterior tibial aery pulse can be readily palpated halfway between the posterior border of the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon | Anatomy | Blood supply, canals and triangle of lower limb |
0584cae7-42db-4782-9ab6-4496f639703f | False about sjogren's syndrome | Kerato conjunctivitis sicca | Periductal and Perivascular lymphocytic infilteration | Parotid gland biopsy preferred | MALToma is most common lymphoma | 2c
| multi | Biopsy from Lip is preferred. | Medicine | null |
ecc6f4a8-9d72-4c0c-8ace-d3bf5dcb1c4a | Proposed guideline values for Radioactivity in Drinking water is | Gross a activity 1.0 Bq/L and Gross b activity 10.0 Bq/L | Gross a activity 1.0 Bq/L and Gross b activity 0.1 Bq/L | Gross a activity 0.1 Bq/L and Gross b activity 1.0 Bq/L | Gross a activity 10 Bq/L and Gross b activity 1.0 Bq/L | 2c
| single | Key guideline aspects of WHO recommended drinking water quality: –
Colour < 15 true colour units (TCU)
Turbidity < 5 nephlometric turbidity units (NTU)
pH: 6.5 – 8.5
Total dissolved solids (TDS) < 600 mg/litre
Zero pathogenic microorganisms
Zero infectious viruses
Absence of pathogenic protozoa and infective stages of helminthes
Fluorine < 1.5 ppm (0.5 – 0.8 ppm: Optimum level)
Nitrates < 50 mg/litre
Nitrites < 3 mg/litre
Gross alpha radiological activity < 0.5 Bq/litre (New Guideline — WhO)
Gross beta radiological activity < 1.0 Bq/litre (New Guideline — WhO). | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
50b0b136-937b-4408-86e2-a18d77e6ab92 | In conductive deafness of right ear, Weber's test will show? | Lateralised to right side | Lateralised to left side | Normal | Centralised | 0a
| single | In middle ear pathology usually there is conductive deafness. With a unilateral conductive hearing loss, the tone is perceived in the affected ear. With a unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, the tone is perceived in the unaffected ear. | ENT | null |
823f1bec-b55b-41e9-abe5-a0e858ce1776 | Thromboangitis obliterans is associated with ? | HLA B27 | HLA - DR4 | HLA - B5 | HLA - DR2 | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., HLA - B5 Thromboangitis obliterans (Berger disease) Thrombangitis obliterans is a distinctive disease that is characterized by segmental, thrombosing acute and chronic inflammation of medium sized and small sized aeries, and sometimes secondarily extending to veins and nerves. Thromboangitis obliterans occurs almost exclusively among heavy-cigarrete-smoking persons. It is more common in men but incidence is increasing in women because of increasing smoking habit in women. o Buerger disease is associated with HLA B-5 and HLA-A9. In thrombongitis obliterans there is acute and chronic segmental inflammation of vessels with accompanied thrombosis in the lumen. Typically, the thrombus contains microabscesses with a central focus of neutrophils surrounded by gran u lomatous inflammation. Later, the inflammatory process extends into contiguous veins and nerves and in time all three structures (aeries, veins and nerves) become encased in fibrous tissue, a characterstic that is very rare with other form of vasculitis. Clinical manifestations Thrombangitis obliterans affects vessels of upper and lower extremities. Symptoms are due to vascular insufficiency, i.e. Ischemia of toes, feet and fingers that can lead to ulcer and frank gangrene. Due to neural involvement, there may be severe pain, even at rest. | Pathology | null |
d261323e-8dad-4231-810c-c468027569e9 | All are histiocytosis except - | Letterer siwe syndrome | Chloroma | Hand schuller christian triad | Eosinophilic granuloma | 1b
| multi | null | Pathology | null |
a2f140b3-6f92-49a1-af76-0e68444173cf | Anti-D should be given following Rh+ delivery within: | 6 hours | 24 hours | 72 hours | 7 days | 2c
| single | 72 hours | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
6d2dfefa-1324-4ce6-a0c5-5fbbe8d09219 | Erythema nodosum is seen in all Except | Salicylate poisoning | Typhoid | Tuberculosis | Leprosy | 0a
| multi | Drugs causing it are: Levofloxacin Medroxyprogesterone Minocycline Naproxen OC Penicillin Phenytoin Trimethoprim Sulfasalazine Sulphonamides *Erythema nodosum is a skin condition where red lumps appear on the shins and less commonly forearms and thighs. Often it may be the first sign of a systemic disease such as tuberculosis, bacterial or deep fungal infection, sarcoidosis (11-25%), inflammatory bowel disease or associated with pregnancy (2-5%) *Erythema nodosum has recently been recognised in association with salmonella infection .Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an immune-mediated complication of leprosy, characterized by the presence of multiple inflammatory cutaneous nodules and systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise, ahritis, iritis, neuritis and lymphadenitis Ref: Harrison 20th edition pg 1234 | Dental | All India exam |
3110facf-3a67-4a68-a82d-fd0b1f2001a1 | Platelets in stored blood do not live after | 24 hours | 48 hours | 72 hours | 96 hours | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 72 hours Platelets are provided as a pooled preparation from one or several donors, usually as a 6-unit bag, which is the usual amount given to an average-sized adult. Each unit contains approximately 8 x 101deg platelets and should increase the platelet count by about 7000-10,000/ pL in a 75kg adult. Platelets stored at room temperature can be used for up to 5 days and have a life span of 8 days. Those stored at 4degC are useful for only 24 hours (only 50-70% of total platelet activity is present at 6 hours) and have a life span of only 2-3 days. ABO compatibility should be observed for platelets, but is not essential. For each donor used, there is a similar risk of transmitting hepatitis and HIV as for one unit of blood. Platelet should be administered through a 170pm filter. | Medicine | null |
d133ec16-3763-4312-96d9-b2d4fc1fa053 | Fallen fragment sign is a feature of | Simple bone cyst | Aneuurysmal bone cyst | Giant cell tumor | Fibrous dysplasia | 0a
| multi | Fallen fragment sign and hinged faragemnt sing are signs of simple bone cyst SIMPLE BONY CYST : ACTIVE : Develop in patients under 10 years of age * Cyst arises adjacent to growth plate & may grow to fill most of metaphysis Bone may be slightly expanded within coical shell * May cause pathologic fracture PASSIVE : Passive cysts patients are usually over 12 years of age &; become increasingly separated from gmwth plate (more ) than 1-2 an) have thicker bony wall than active lesions may show evidence of healing or ossification less likely to result in fracture CAUSES : * The cause of a unicameral bone cyst remains unknown. Theories have been proposed but none have been definitively proven. * One of these theories is that the cysts result from a disorder of the growth plate. * Another is that the cysts result from problems with circulation that are caused by a developmental anomaly in the veins of the affected bone. * The role trauma plays in the development of these cysts is unknown. Symptoms: * Unless there has been a fracture, bone cysts arc without symptoms. * They may occasionally be discovered by chance on x-rays obtained for other reasons. * There is no mass or tenderness unless there is a fracture. * There may be an abnormal angulation of the limb secondary to the fracture or shoening of the limb if the adjacent growth plate is involved. Location lesion appears to arise from the growth plate & in early stages, lesion is lies adjacent to growth plate; typically the simple bone cyst will have a central location, whereas an ABC will have a slightly eccentric location; predilection for the metaphysis of long bones; - proximal humerus (SO% of cases) - proximal tibia - proximal femur (40%) - foot:Calcaneal Bone Cysts Radiographs show a central, well marginated & symmetric radiolucent defect in metaphysis metaphyseal bone does not remodel normally metaphysis is broader than normally seen but not broader than with width of epiphyseal plate thin rim of non reative bone borders the unicameral bone cyst Refer textbook of musculoskeletal tumor p 112 | Anatomy | Skeletal infections |
d62fc2c1-44e4-4c05-a182-c6e262450782 | Hepatomegaly with liver pulsations indicates | TR | MR | Pulmonary hypeension | MS | 0a
| single | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1548 AyatoSys pulsqtpuls of liver and marked hepatomegaly are characteristic features of tricuspid regurgitation. | Medicine | C.V.S |
fc066eb2-f672-4727-a4d8-bf9f1063df3a | The Alkayat and Bramely approach to the TMJ is a modification of the: | HemicoronaL approach | Retroauricular approach | Preauricualr approach | Risdon's incision | 2c
| single | null | Surgery | null |
d4fca8ed-a3c3-4227-9294-5a1cd92d6a2f | Rise in BBT after ovulation is by : | 0.5 degree Fahrenheit | 1.0 degree Fahrenheit | 0.5 degree Celsius | 1.0 degree Celsius | 0a
| single | Ans:A.)0.5 degree Fahrenheit. Before ovulation, there is only a small amount of progesterone present in your body and your basal body temperatures (your resting temperatures) are in the lower range. After ovulation, when there is increased progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum, temperatures become elevated. The temperature elevation that occurs after ovulation is sufficient to be measured with a BBT thermometer . The rise in temperature is usually about 0.4 degrees Fahrenheit or 0.2 degrees Celsius. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
f3b48a53-7f67-4ec9-880c-b84293b27f62 | Treatment of choice in 65 year old female with impacted neck of humerus is: | Triangular sling | Arm chest strapping | Ahroplasty | Observation | 0a
| single | A i.e. Triangular sling | Surgery | null |
33860565-6383-42b3-928d-75ce858ce0a4 | Ectopic rest of normal tissue is known as - | Choristoma | Hamaoma | Pheudotumor | Lymphoma | 0a
| single | Choristomas, forms of heterotopia, are closely related benign tumors, found in abnormal locations. The two can be differentiated as follows: a hamaoma is an excess of normal tissue in a normal situation (e.g. a bihmark on the skin), while a choristoma is an excess of tissue in an abnormal situation (e.g. pancreatic tissue in the duodenum). | Pathology | General pathology |
7b5854a9-ba69-482b-9f76-9a49efef85db | Regarding Chronic Viral Hepatitis - | Hepatitis A virus infection is a common cause in children | Morphological classification into Chronic Active Hepatitis and Chronic Persistent Hepatitis are important | Fatty change is pathognomic of Hepatitis C virus infection | Grading refers to the extent of necrosis and inflammations | 3d
| single | Classification of hepatitis
In the new classification system of Hepatitis, Grading refers to the assessment of necroinflammatory activity.
Chronic hepatitis represents a series of liver disorders of varying causes and severity in which hepatic inflammation and necrosis continue for at least 6 months.
Earlier chronic hepatitis was categorized into three types depending upon histopathological features. These are
Chronic persistent hepatitis
Chronic lobular hepatitis
Chronic active hepatitis
Now, this categorization has been replaced by more informative classification based upon a combination of clinical serological and histological variables.
Now the classification is based upon —
It's cause
Its histologic activity or grade
It's a degree of progression or stage
(a) Classification by cause —
In this, the hepatitis is classified according to the cause - such as viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, drug-associated hepatitis.
(b) Classification by Grade —
This classification is based upon an assessment of necroinflammatory activity.
An assessment of following histological features is made on liver biopsy -
Periportal necrosis
Piecemeal necrosis
Bridging necrosis
Portal inflammation
(c) Classification by stage —
This classification is based upon the degree of fibrosis.
It reflects the levels of progression of the disease.
Staging is based upon the degree of fibrosis as follows
0 = No fibrosis
1= Mild fibrosis (limited to portal tract)
2 = Moderate fibrosis (Portal and periportal fibrosis)
3 = Severe fibrosis including bridging fibrosis
4 = Cirrhosis | Pathology | null |
a63f9b16-59a0-4402-b1d5-b12d30b89fc0 | Administration of disulfiram in an alcoholic can cause all these side effects except: (E. REPEAT 2010) | Flushing | Headache | Hypertension | Nausea | 2c
| multi | Ref: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics by Goodman and Gillman, 12th edition. Page 644 and KD Tripathis Essentials of Pharmacology, 6th edition. Page 3H6Explanation:DISULFIRAMDisulfiram irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. This action is also brought about by its metabolites such as dieth y 1th iomethyl car ba mate.Patients taking disulfiram must avoid alcohol including disguised forms such as fermented sugar, cough syrups, after shave lotions.The daily dose of disulfiram is best taken in the morning since the urge to abstain from alcohol is maximum at that moment.Disulfiram can cause acneiform eruptions, restlessness, headache.Adverse Effects in Alcoholicso Flushing.o Burning sensationo Throbbing headacheo Perspirationo Uneasinesso Tightness in chesto Dizzinesso Vomitingo Visual disturbanceso Mental confusiono Postural faintingo Circulatory collapse.Drugs Causing 'Disulfiram like reaction' in AlcoholicsCefoperazone.Moxalactam.Cefamandole.Metronidazole.Satranidazole.Procarbazine.Chlorpropamide. | Pharmacology | Adverse Drug Effect |
8589bfdf-a5e8-4c2b-9b2c-6e5d7fa018ad | Which of the following cellular body is NOT found in nucleus? | P-bodies | Nucleolus | Cajal bodies | Interchromatin granule clusters | 0a
| single | Even if you don't know about all the options and you just know about P body you can answer this question. The P body is a cytoplasmic organelle involved in mRNA metabolism. Here is where miRNA-mRNA complexes are temporarily stored. They can either undergo degradation or mRNA can be released back for translation. Nucleolus is the pa of nucleus and is the site of rRNA formation. Cajal bodies are regions within the nucleus that are enriched in proteins and RNAs involved in mRNA processing. They are the main sites for the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Nuclear speckles, also known as interchromatin granule clusters, are nuclear domains enriched in pre-mRNA splicing factors. | Biochemistry | Organelles |
815278a4-83e1-4975-87d3-e24c6f40fd93 | Which is the only phacomatosis to be inherited on an autosomal recessive basis: | Ataxia-telangiectasia | Sturge-Weber syndrome | von Hippel lindau syndrome | Neurofibromatosis | 0a
| single | Ans. Ataxia-telangiectasia | Medicine | null |
a99baba6-bb97-4bb0-a2c8-3e165f18203a | What is torsional limit? | Amount of apical pressure that can be applied to a file to the point of breakage | The beginning of plastic deformation of the instrument | Amount of rotational torque that can be applied to a “locked” instrument to the point of breakage | Amount of force necessary so that a file does not return to its original shape upon unloading of the force | 2c
| single | Torsional limit is the amount of rotational torque that can be applied to a "locked" instrument to the point of breakage (separation).
Obviously, an instrument should have sufficient strength to be rotated and worked vigorously without separating in the canal.
Smaller instruments (less than size 20) can withstand more rotations without breaking than larger (greater than size 40) instruments.
Ref :Principles and Practice of Endodontics, Richard E Walton, 3rd edition, pg no:156 | Dental | null |
0d016065-bf04-4122-8243-6d2be310c274 | Nucleus accumbens is related to which of the following? | Basal ganglia | Brain stem | Thalamus | Cerebellum | 0a
| single | Ans. a (Basal ganglia). (Ref. Ganong, Physiology 21st ed., 265)NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS# Nucleus accumbens is located at the base of the striatum, and is a part of basal ganglia.# Addiction is associated with the reward system, particularly with nucleus accumbens.# The medial frontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala are concerned with memory, and they all project to the nucleus accumbens.# Drugs that block the postsynaptic D3 receptors reduce the rate of self-stimulation and these receptors are mainly located at nucleus accumbens. | Anatomy | Cerebellum and Brainstem |
4aa47177-69b5-418d-9888-4f7d6da4f27a | The following is not one of the 4 key cell cycle regulators which are dysregulated in a variety of human cancers | P16/INK4a | Cyclin D | P21 | RB | 2c
| single | . | Pathology | General pathology |
f3e47a23-03c0-4478-8640-efd90dc95be6 | Ghons focus lies at ? | Left apical parenchymal region | Right apical parenchymal region | Sub pleural caesous lesion in right upper lobe | Sub pleural caesous lesion in left upper lobe | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Right apical parenchymal regionPrimary T.B. includes :?An area of grey white (size of approx. 1-1.50 cm) inflammatory consolidation - called ghon's focus. o Lymph node.Lymphatics and lymphatic channel.Cavity and fibrosis is seen in secondary T.B.Inhaled tubercule bacilli implanted in the distal air spaces of the lower pa of upper lobe or upper pa of the lower lobe, close to the pleura. This area is about 1 to 1.5 cm with caseating necrosis known as Ghon's focus.Primary complex or Ghon's complex of tuberculosis consists of 3 components :Pulmonary compound or Ghon's focus.Draining lymphaticsCaseating hilar lymphnodeAssman's focusThe initial lesion in secondary tuberculosis at the apex of lung (infraclavicular) without any lymph node involvement is called Assman's focus.Ghon's complexThe initial lesion in primary tuberculosis at the periphery of the lung along with the enlarged peribronchial lymph node is called Ghon's complex. | Pathology | null |
f088fc3c-6c39-4d13-82a7-46a89faf91ba | Which is case based online TB notification system developed by the central TB Division | Nischinth | Nikshay | laksha | Yaksma | 1b
| single | Case Notification can be done online through NIKSHAY, Which is case based online TB notification system developed by the central TB Division. Ref: Pg.no: 318;IAPSM Textbook of Community Medicine. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
db533381-1477-4fac-b2cf-79b1b91396d2 | Which of the following statement is TRUE about NPU (net protein utilization), used in protein quality assessment? | It is the ratio of energy from protein to total energy in diet | It is the ratio between nitrogen retained by the body and total nitrogen intake multiplied by 100 | It is the amount of one amino acid per gram of a protein divided by the amount of same amino acid per gram of egg protein | If the NPU is high the amount of protein requirement in diet is high | 1b
| multi | Net Protein Utilization (NPU) is the ratio between nitrogen retained by the body and total nitrogen intake multiplied by 100. It is a product of digestibility coefficient and biological value divided by 100. It gives a more complete expression of protein quality than the amino acid score. In calculating protein quality, 1 gram of protein is assumed to be equivalent to 6.25 g of N. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine, 19th Edition, Page 503. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
bc5a099c-2609-49f9-8163-e6148c3569cf | Which of the following statements about pulmonary hamartoma is true? | It is the most common benign tumor of lung | More common in males | Chest X-ray shows "Pop corn calcification" | All are true | 3d
| multi | null | Surgery | null |
54f65873-b2d3-4556-ac81-cc5df04ef2cf | What is the APGAR score of a child born blue with HR 70/ mt, floppy with feeble cry and grimacing on nasal suction? | 3 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 0a
| single | APGAR is used to quantitatively evaluate newborns condition after bih by giving scores between 0 and 2 in each of 5 different categories assigned at 1 and 5 minutes of life. The 5 criteria used were hea rate, respiration's, muscle tone, reflex irritability and color. APGAR score for HR less than 100 is 1, grimace on nasal suction score is 1, feeble cry score is 1, floppy score is 0 and blue color score is 0. So the total score is 3. Signs 0 1 2 Heabeats per minute Absent Slow (<100) >100 Respiratory effo Absent Slow, irregular Good, crying Muscle tone Limp Some flexion of extremities Active motion Reflex irritability No response Grimace Cry or cough Color Blue or pale Body pink, extremities blue Completely pink Ref: Raab E.L., Kelly L.K. (2013). Chapter 9. Normal Newborn Assessment & Care. In A.H. DeCherney, L. Nathan, N. Laufer, A.S. Roman (Eds), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Obstetrics & Gynecology, 11e | Pediatrics | null |
23800c7d-f450-4618-8ad1-dec07afbca40 | Combined oral pill reduces the risk of ? | Breast cancer | Ovarian cancer | Cervical cancer | Vaginal cancer | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b i.e., Ovarian cancer Functional ovarian cyst o Endometrial carcinoma o Benign breast disease (fibroadenosis) Ovarian malignancy o Urerine fibroid o Premenstural tension & dysmenorrhoea Pelvic inflammatory disease o RA o Osteoporosis Ectopic pregnancy o Colon cancer o Acne | Pharmacology | null |
f4ce2f0d-e160-45bf-bc71-5197853e18c1 | Normal serum, Ca and alkaline PO4 are in | Cherubisnri | Hypothyroidism | Hyperparathyroidism | Paget's disease | 0a
| single | null | Pathology | null |
c8a8d554-a164-4fe5-a238-0b9d45f2b43e | Which of the following is true about Nephron function: | Ascending thick limb is permeable to water | Descending thin limb is impermeable to water | Osmolality of intra-tubular content in DCT is more than surrounding interstitution | Osmolality of intratubular content in PCT is isotonic to surrounding interstiti um | 3d
| multi | D i.e. Osmolality of intratubular content in PCT is isotonic to surrounding interstitiumAt the end of proximal tubule 60-70% of filtered solute is reabsorbed & also 60-70% of filtered water is reabsorbedQ. Thus in the proximal tubule, water moves passively out of the tubule, along osmotic gradients set up by active transpo of solutes and Isotonicity is maintainedQ.Intratubular content in DCT is HypotonicQ This is because of two factors:a) The distal tubule, paicularly its first pa, is relatively impermeable to water.b) The ascending limb of loop of Henle and the DCT have a strong & active system of reabsorption of solutes. Active transpo of Nat, co- transpo of Kt /C1 occurs out of thick ascending limb, thereby diluting the contents of DCT. Thus while most of the solutes are reabsorbed, water remains behind, causing dilution of tubular fluid.Permeability and transpo, in various segments of nephronSegmentsPermeabilityActive transpoof N a+OsmolalityH20UreaNaC1* Proximal tubulePermeablePermeablePermeablePresentIsosmoticQ* Loop of Henle - Thin descending limb4+++-0HypeonicQ- Thin ascending limb0+4+0Hypotonic- Thick ascending limb0+-+-4+Hypotonic* Distal convoluted tubule+-+-+-3+HypotonicQ* Collecting tubule - Coicle tubule3+*0+-2+Isotonic- Outer medullary poion3+*0+-1+ - Inner medullary poion3+*3++-1+Hypeonic* Indicates presence of vasopressinQ.The segments of nephron that are impermeable to water: Thin ascending limbQ - Thick ascending limbQ.- 1st pa of distal tubule (DCT)Q | Physiology | null |
9f4fdb68-9c73-4aab-9ca1-0795a41db7f3 | Praziquantel is used for the treatment of | Strongyloidiasis | Trichomoniasis | Schistosomiasis | Rhinosporidiosis | 2c
| single | Platyhelminthes (flukes & tapeworms) DOC for all the platyhelminths is praziquantel DOC for Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) is triclabendazole DOC for dog tapeworm is albendazole DOC for trichomoniasis is metronidazole Surgery is done for rhinosporidiosis Nematodes DOC for nematodes is albendazole DOC for filaria is diethyl carbamazine DOC for strongyloidiasis & onchocerca volvulus is Ivermectin | Pharmacology | FMGE 2019 |
b8bbbd76-f7be-4655-a714-06392a42c9a9 | All of the following muscles forms the boundary of the suboccipital triangle found in the suboccipital region of the neck, EXCEPT: | Obliquus capitis superior muscle | Obliquus capitis inferior muscle | Rectus capitis posterior major muscle | Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle | 3d
| multi | The suboccipital triangle is bounded by rectus capitis posterior major and the obliquus capitis superior and inferior muscles. The floor of this triangle is formed by the posterior occipitoatlantal membrane and the posterior arch of the C1 veebrae.Contents of the triangle are:Veebral aerySuboccipital nerveGreater occipital nerveRef: Moon D.A., Foreman K.B., Albeine K.H. (2011). Chapter 1. Back. | Anatomy | null |
eebb0b50-dd7b-40ab-9430-0f60818b102c | A ranula is most appropriately described by which of the following statements? | It is a type of Epulis | A form of thyroglossal cyst | A cystic swelling in the floor of mouth | A type of mucus retention cyst | 2c
| multi | Ranula is a cystic swelling in the floor of the mouth due to the obstruction of one or more ducts of the sublingual gland. It does not always represent a mucus retention cyst, it is more commonly a mucus extravasation cyst. It is neither a type of Epulis nor a type of thyroglossal cyst. Ref: The Medical Student's Vade Mecum: or Manual of Examinations upon Anatomy. By George Mendenhall, Page 362; A Manual of Examinations By John Livingston Ludlow, Page 355; Bailey 25th Edition, Page 754; Colour Atlas of oral Diseases' by Laskaris (Threme) 1999, Page 88 | Surgery | null |
9dd42e5f-7689-4b21-a5bd-0b56a54ea09e | Wire loop lesion seen in lupus nephritis is due to | Capillary wall thickening | Basement membrane thickening | Subepithelial deposits | Sclerosis of mesangium | 0a
| multi | Subendothelial immune complex deposits may create a circumferential thickening of the capillary wall, forming "wire loop" structures on light microscopy. This condition is seen in lupus nephritis. 50% of SLE patients have clinically significant renal involvement Currently there are six pattern of glomerular disease Where, Class 1(Minimal mesangial lupus nephritis) is least common and class 4(Diffuse lupus nephritis) is most common | Pathology | Auto Immune Disorders Introduction |
5ed21383-a10e-4460-83d9-bcba068f9674 | Not true regarding suprachoroidal hemorrhage: | Shallowing of anterior chamber | Expulsion of intraocular contents | Bleeding from sho posterior ciliary aery into suprachoroidal space | Self resolving | 3d
| multi | Suprachoroidal hemorrhage needs immediate management. Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage Rare dreaded complication of intraocular surgery. Bleeding from long or sho posterior ciliary aery into suprachoroidal space. Risk Factors: Uncontrolled hypeension, advancing age, systemic cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, vitreous loss, increased axial length. Signs Shallowing of AC. Vitreous extrusion. Posterior segments contents may extrude through incision. Tense eyeball. Management Immediate termination of surgery AC is filled with viscoelastic IV mannitol Close the incision Systemic steroids Drainage of suprachoroidal bleed | Ophthalmology | Cataract Surgery |
ac47df4c-9a66-44f9-b67b-16953833820d | In Adenoids hyperophy, treatment is | Nasal decongestants | Antibiotics | B-blockers | B2-agonists | 0a
| single | When symptoms are not marked, breathing exercises, decongestant nasal drops, and antihistaminics. When symptoms are marked adenoidectomy is done. (Ref: Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, PL Dhingra; 7th edition, pg no. 276) | ENT | Pharynx |
62400aaa-4f1e-4fc9-b2a3-093c34c51c19 | Simplest and most common method to measure variation is: | Mean | Median | SD | Range | 3d
| single | Range: The difference between the smallest and largest value results in a set of data.
Simplest and most common method to measure variation is range.
Reference: Essentials of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Soben Peter, 4th ed page no 395 | Dental | null |
8614a4fa-7e45-450c-9fc3-44ffdf2b6d8f | The most common type of congenital atresia is | Proximal blind end, distal end communicating with trachea | Distal blind end, proximal end communicating with trachea | Proximal and distal ends open and communicating with trachea | Both ends bleed | 0a
| multi | Type C is the most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula. It involves proximal esophageal atresia with distal TEF. | Pediatrics | null |
de5c9f90-b4f2-4538-9bba-7ec59139b776 | In Indoor air pollution, carbon monoxide is produced by - | Combustion equipment | Stove | Gas heaters | All of the above | 3d
| multi | Indoor air pollution originates from both outdoor and indoor sources, is likely to contribute to population exposure than the outdoor environment. The indoor environment represents an impoant microenvironment in which people spend a large pa of the time. Carbon monoxide, an indoor pollutant source include fuel/tobacco combustion. Combustion equipment, stoves, gas heaters all act as a source of carbon monoxide. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 796 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health |
305a31db-f7e9-49c1-9a5d-b94a210bedaa | Hay's sulpher test is used to detect which of the following ? | Bile salts in urine | Reducing sugar in urine | Ketone bodies in urine | Urobilinogen in urine | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bile salts in urineTestsUsed forRothera's test (nitroprusside test) Ketone bodies in urine :- acetone and acetocetate Gerhardt's test (ferric chloride test) Ketone bodies in urine :- acetoacetate. Benedict's test Reducing sugars in urine Fehling's test Reducing sugars in urine Hay's sulpher test Bile salts in urineFouchet's (borium sulphate test) Bile pigment : bilirubin Gmelin's (nitric acid) test Bile pigment : bilirubin Vanden Bergh test Bile pigment : bilirubin Ehrlich's test Bilinogens (stercobilinogen, urobilinogen) Schlesinger's test Bilins (stercobilin, urobilin). Ehrlich's aldehyde test Porphobilinogen and urobilinogen in urine | Biochemistry | null |
8e412bc1-b871-4c09-9a69-407089314770 | Commonest cause of rupture of spleen is | Chronic malaria | Infectious mononucleosis | Leukemia | Chronic kala azar | 2c
| single | spontaneous splenic rupture, which remain widely accepted to date: Mechanical effect of distention secondary to leukemic infiltration of the spleen, paicularly the capsule; splenic infarct with capsular hemorrhage and subsequent rupture; Ref Davidson edition23rd pg812 | Medicine | G.I.T |
632476ad-001b-4cd7-aa9a-30b5825b81cd | Left renal vein crosses aoa: | Posterior at level of superior mesenteric aery | Anterior above the level of superior mesenteric aery | Anterior below the superior mesenteric aery | Anterior below the inferior mesenteric aery | 2c
| multi | C i.e., Anterior below the superior mesenteric aery | Anatomy | null |
d78f6470-7851-4412-98b6-a286818093e1 | There is a case of infanticide. During the post-moem examination, the doctor performs Breslau's second life test. This test detects changes in which of the following organ | Brain | Hea | Lung | Stomach and intestine | 3d
| single | Ans. d. Stomach and intestine Breslau's Second Life Test (Stomach Bowel test) Principle: It assumes that a live born child would respire and therefore would also swallow some air into the stomach and bowelQ. Thus detecting the presence of air in stomach and intestine (positive test) proves live bih (even in absence of positive hydrostatic lung test if there had been some obstruction in respiratory However, negative test (absence of air in stomach and bowel) does not always mean still-bih since air does not necessarily enter stomach in adequate amounts during act of breathing. Procedure: The stomach and intestine are removed separately after tying double ligature at each end, place them both in water. They float in water if respiration has taken place, otherwise they will sink No medicolegal value Because air may be swallowed by child in attempting to free the air passage of fluid obstruction in case of still-bih. It is useless in putrefaction Other Tests in Infanticide For Lungs Static test or Fodere's testa: Weight of lung before (30-40 g) and after 66 gm) is measured. The increase in weight of lung is due to increased blood flow Ploucquet's testa: Weight of lung is doubled after respiration (Before respiration-1/70 of body weight, after respiration-1/35 of body weight) Hydrostatic test (Raygat's test)a: It is based on a fact that on breathing, the volume of lungs is increased, which more than compensates the weight of additional blood, due to which their specific gravity is diminished. For Middle Ear Werdin's test: Before bih, the middle ear contains gelatinous embryonic connective tissue. With respiration, the sphincter at the pharyngeal end of eustachian tube relaxes and air replaces the gelatinous substance in few hours to five weeks. This is not reliable | Forensic Medicine | null |
f3658b79-bceb-4664-9ede-25365152ba2c | Epiphora seen in all except: | Lefort 2 | Zygomatic complex fracture. | Lefort 3 | Nasal complex fracture. | 1b
| multi | null | Surgery | null |
95cf3f18-23ff-47c2-b318-e97bc774fa9d | Microspherocytosis in peripheral blood smear are seen in- | Congenital spherocytosis | Autoimmune acquired haemolytic anaemia | Thalassemia | All of the above | 3d
| multi | Spherocytosis is characterized by presence of spheroidal rather than biconcave disc shaped red cells. Spherocytes are seen in hereditary spherocytosis ,autoimmune hemolytic anaemia and in ABO hemolytic disease of newborn like Thalassemia Reference: textbook of Pathology ,7th edition Author: Harsha Mohan, page number 269 | Pathology | Haematology |
975e70c3-c06a-4d9a-b3c8-f5d5b4ce66b2 | The femoral hernia - Base of the sac lies at (Saphenous opening - Landmark). Related to pubic tubercle | Below and lateral | Below and medial | Above and lateral | Above and medial | 0a
| multi | Ans. (a) Below and LateralRef: Bailey and Love 27th edition Page 1035* Hernia appears below and lateral to Pubic tubercle and lies in upper leg rather than lower abdomen.* Please note Femoral hernia is seen below the inguinal ligament. | Surgery | Hernia |
eae3b67e-8648-4e2e-9c8f-59a92bacf93a | Secondary attack rate of peussis in unimmunization household contacts of peussis | 30% | 40% | 60% | 90% | 3d
| single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 90% SAR of some impoant infectious diseases Measles Rubella Chicken pox Peussis Mumps 80% 90 - 95% -- 90% -- 90% 86% | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
7027c2ce-1a54-4f5b-9473-7c2238e86e3d | All off the following are components of nephrotic syndrome except - | Edema | Hypercoagulability | Hypocholesterolemia | Infection | 2c
| multi | null | Medicine | null |
d4bc2db7-2248-49cf-bab9-b9077a1d2075 | A 25yr old male presented to OPD with complain of recurrent oral ulcers and congested eyesOn enquiry he has h/o prior hospital admission for venous thrombosis What is the condition he is suffering from | SLE | Reiter's syndrome | BEHCETS DISEASE | Wegner's Granulomatous | 2c
| single | Behcet&;s Disease: A delay in the diagnosis of Behcet&;s disease is common. Knowing what to look for can help you take control of the disease Eye Inflammation -Occurs in more than 50% of patients and can result in blurry vision, sensitivity to light pain and redness. Can lead to blindness if untreated. Mouth Sores - One of the most common and earliest signs . Look like canker sores on lips , tongue, cheek lining or the roof the mouth. Skin Sores Occur in 60-90% of patients. Can look like bumps resembling acne anywhere on the skin or as red, tender nodules on the legs, arms, face and neck. Genital Sores Appear in about 75% of people. Tend to be larger and deeper than oral sores and often scar. Joint Pain & Swelling - Ahritis or spondylitis affect 50% of patients. Can affect an individual or multiple joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. REF : HARRISONS 21ST ED | Medicine | All India exam |
e69985aa-39d2-4eef-9e51-9d727f2167a4 | Most common site of carcinoma of paranasal sinus is? | Frontal | Ethmoid | Maxillary | Sphenoid | 2c
| single | Ans. (c) MaxillaryRef: Dhingra's 4th ed p-195 | ENT | Nose and PNS |
215a54ec-ede2-47da-a6fc-bdd10bb55df2 | Criteria to diagnose PID include all of the following except: | Uterine tenderness | Cervical motion tenderness | Nausea and Vomiting | Adnexal tenderness | 2c
| multi | Criteria for the diagnosis of PID: - Minimum Criteria 1) Lower abdominal tenderness 2) Adnexal tenderness 3) Cervical motion tenderness. Additional criteria 1. Culture and senstivity of Endometrial biopsy Vaginal swab Cervical swab Culture media for Gonorrhea: Thayer Main media Chlamydia: Mc Coy cell lines (PCR preferred) 2. | ESR/CRP 3. | TLC 4. Fever>100.4degF Elaborate criteria 5. Diagnostic Laproscopy : gives direct evidence, if done, is the best way to diagnose PID 6. USG: documents pelvic/ tubo ovarian abscess Discharge criteria Temperature<99.5degF | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Genital Tract Infections (Too hot to handle!) |
539dbfbc-0806-4ffe-a1e6-e533d5734b0b | Tumor induced hypoglycemia is seen in all , EXCEPT: | Mesenchymal tumors | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Adrenal carcinoma | Lymphoma | 3d
| multi | Tumor induced hypoglycemia Mesenchymal tumors, hemangiopericytomas, hepatocellular tumors, adrenal carcinomas produce excessive amounts of insulin-like growth factor type II (IGF-II) precursor, leading to insulin-like actions and hypoglycemia. Ref: Harrison,E-18,P-830 | Medicine | null |
9e3ed819-0878-4455-88e4-2fbc54d5552f | Which of the following are not included under 10 chemicals of major public health concern by WHO: | Arsenic | Asbestos | Dioxin | Radium | 3d
| single | Many chemicals can, when properly used, significantly contribute to the improvement of our quality of life, health and well-being. But other chemicals are highly hazardous and can negatively affect our health and environment when improperly managed.10 chemicals or groups of chemicals of major public health concern are: Air pollution Arsenic Asbestos Benzene Cadmium Dioxin and dioxin-like substances Inadequate or excess fluoride Lead Mercury Highly hazardous pesticides Ref : | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
2b0be795-63e7-4eea-9fa5-c24080448861 | A neonate having congenital diaphragmatic hernia developed respiratory distress. Breath sounds were decreased on the left side. After bag and mask ventilation. ET tube was put and the maximal cardiac impulse shifted to the right side. What should be the next step in management ? | Confirm the position of endotracheal tube by x-ray chest | Remove tube & Reattempt intubation | Naso gastric tube inseion | Chest x-ray | 1b
| multi | The tube is inseed into the nose or mouth and slid into the stomach. The formula is then put into the tube and flows through it into the stomach. A nasogastric tube with a guide wire is a soft silicone tube that may be left in place for up to a month. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | Pediatrics | New born infants |
12296266-9971-474b-8ebe-c3a07f71883d | Megaloblastic anemia is due to? | Folic acid deficiency | Vitamin B6 deficiency | Defect in RNA synthesis | Defect in protein synthesis | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Folic acid deficiency * Megaloblastic anemia is an anemia which results from inhibition of DNA synthesis during red blood cell production.* It is characterized by many large immature and dysfunctional red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow, and also by hypersegmented neutrophills.* Vit B12 and folic acid are required for DNA synthesis. Any factor that results in deficiency of vit B12 or folic acid will lead to defective DNA synthesis. Inadequate DNA synthesis results in defective nuclear maturation. However, the synthesis of RNA and proteins is not altered, so cytoplasmic maturation proceeds in advance of nuclear maturation - Nuclear/Cytoplasmic asynchrony that results in formation of megaloblasts.Important causes of megaloblastic anemiaVitamin BJ2 deficiency* Decrease intake: Inadequate diet, vegetarianism.* Impaired absorption : Intrinsic factor deficiency (pernicious anemia, gastrectomy), intestinal diseases (crohn's disease, ileitis, ileal resection, lymphoma, systemic sclerosis), fish tapeworm infestation (D. latum), blind loop syndrome (bacterial overgrowth), diverticuli of bowel, chronic pancreatitis.* Increased requirment: Pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, disseminated cancer.Folate deficiency* Decrease intake: Inadequate diet, alcoholism, infancy.* Impaired absorption : Malabsorption state, intestinal diseases.* Increased requirment: Pregnancy, infancy, disseminated cancer.* Others : Hemodialysis, antifolate drugs (methotrexate, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, trimethoprim, primidone, triametrene, azathioprine.Rare causes* These are : Hereditary orotic aciduria, hypothyroidism, Di-Gueglielmo syndrome, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, thiamine and pyridoxine deficiency. | Pathology | Blood |
a4aa1d86-c6fa-4fed-b38a-745db30d5896 | Hypoglycemia is a recognized feature of all of the following conditions, except - | Uieinia | Acromegaly | Addison's disease | Hepatocellular failure | 1b
| multi | null | Medicine | null |
4ed53669-818e-4a3c-87d0-7ebae729cd64 | Sinusoidal heart rate pattern is seen in: | Placenta previa | Vasa previa | Battledore placenta | Succenturiate placenta | 1b
| single | Sinusoidal Pattern:
Stable baseline heart rate of 120 to 160 beats/min with regular oscillations.
Amplitude of 5 to 15 beats/min (rarely greater).
Long-term variability frequency of 2 to 5 cycles per minute.
Fixed or flat short-term variability.
Oscillation of the sinusoidal waveform above or below a baseline.
Absence of accelerations.
Causes of Sinusoidal Pattern:
Serious fetal anemia due to Rh-isoimmunisation/rupture vasa previa / feto maternal hemorrhage / twin to twin transfusion.
Drugs — Meperidine, morphine, alpha prodine and butorphanol.
Amnionitis.
Fetal distress (+/–).
Umbilical cord occlusion. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
f8266a58-ee21-4053-ab67-6534c473efa3 | ECG change seen in hypocalcemia: (Repeat 2011) | QT prolongation | Prolonged PR interval | Shortened PR interval | QT Shortening | 0a
| single | Ans: A (QT prolongation) Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18ed.Explanation:Clinical Manifestations of HypocalcemiaPatients with hypocalcemia may be asymptomatic if the decreases in serum calcium are relatively mild and chronic.Moderate to severe hypocalcemia is associated with paresthesias, usually of the fingers, toes, and circumoral regions due to increased neuromuscular irritability.Chvostek's sign (twitching of the circumoral muscles in response to gentle tapping of the facial nerve just anterior to the ear) may be elicited.Carpal spasm may be induced by inflation of a blood pressure cuff to 20 mmHg above the patient's systolic blood pressure for 3 min (Trousseau's sign).Severe hypocalcemia can induce seizures, carpopedal spasm, bronchospasm. laryngo- spasm, andECG: Prolongation of the QT interval.Clinical Manifestations of HypercalcemiaMild hypercalcemia (up to 11-11.5 mg/dL)It is usually asymptomaticRecognized only on routine calcium measurements.Vague neuropsy chiatric symptoms, like trouble concentrating, personality changes, or depressionAssc with peptic ulcer disease or nephro-lithiasis, and increased fracture risk.More severe hypercalcemia (>12-13 mg/dL)CNS symptoms: Lethargy, stupor, or comaGastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, anorexia, constipation, or pancreatitis).Decreased renal concentrating ability, causing polyuria and polydipsia.Bone pain or pathologic fractures (in longstanding hyperparathyroidism).ECG changes: Bradycardia. AV block, and Short QT interval | Medicine | C.V.S. |
850f236c-636e-4fc7-80b9-23d4918b131d | Most commonly injured organ in blunt trauma of abdomen is - | Liver | Spleen | Small intestine | Pancreas | 1b
| multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Spleen "The spleen is the intra-abdominal organ most frequently injured in blunt trauma"- Sabiston 18/e* Blunt trauma: In blunt trauma the organs most commonly injured are the solid organs:# Spleen (MC)# Liver# Kidney* In addition to spleen, liver and kidney, extreme blunt force to the upper abdomen may fracture the Pancreas, which is susceptible to injury because of its position overlaying the rigid vertebral column. | Surgery | Trauma |
be70420b-7736-4e1a-8a8b-7f964ec858a1 | Which of the following is NOT TRUE about primary HSV infections? | Primarily affects the anterior portion of the mouth | Causes acute gingivits | Occurs as epidemic | Shows prodromal symptoms | 2c
| multi | null | Pathology | null |
f2d8ca39-c3cb-496c-878a-34fb412d91e8 | Burn involving one lower limbs in adult correspondence to area: | 4.50% | 9% | 13.50% | 18% | 3d
| single | Ans: D (18 %) Determination of Burn Size Sabiston 19th/523# Burn size is generally assessed by the so-called rule of nines . In adults, each upper extremity and the head and neck are 9% of TBSA, the lower extremities and the anterior and posterior aspects of the trunk are 18% each, and the perineum and genitalia are assumed to be 1% of TBSA.# Another method of estimating smaller burns is to consider the area of the open hand (including the palm and extended fingers) of the patient to be approximately 1% of TBSA and then transpose that measurement visually onto the wound for a determination of its size. This method is helpful when evaluating splash burns and other bums of mixed distribution. Figure (L & B 26th/389): The Lund and Browder chartAge in year0151015AdultA Head986543B Thigh234444C leg223333 Adult Body% of totalPartBSAArm9%Head9%Neck1%Leg18%Anterior trunk18%Posterior trunk18% Fig: Relative percentage of area affected by growthFig. Estimation of burn using the rule of nine (From American Burn 4s- sociation: Advanced burn life support providers manual, Chicago 2005, American Bum Association)Child Body% of totalPartBSAArm9%Head & Neck18%Leg14%Anterior trunk18%Posterior trunk18% | Surgery | Initial Care of the Burn Patient |
851ad153-10a8-4bd6-bb0f-8ce62374d0e1 | Extensive abrasions are found all over the body of a pedestrian lying by the road side. What is the likely cause ? | Primary Impact Injury | Secondary Impact Injury | Secondary Injury | Postmortem artifact | 2c
| multi | In secondary injury, when the body is rolled over after the impact, the skin may show abrasions of more than two surfaces (front, back and sides). | Forensic Medicine | null |
107b3190-6205-4818-87ef-b5bca3fc465a | Qualitative data presentation diagrams are all except: | Pie diagram | Pictogram | Spot map | Frequency polygon | 3d
| multi | Data Presentation | Dental | null |
fa0cd48b-e903-4467-a64f-9acab04f3d36 | Amyloidosis of hea presents with - | Arrhythmia | AV block | |Ed mass/voltage | AS | 0a
| single | Cardiac amyloidosis may affect the way electrical signals move through the hea (conduction system). This can lead to abnormal heabeats (arrhythmias) and faulty hea signals (hea block). The condition can be inherited. This is called familial cardiac amyloidosis Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 456 | Medicine | C.V.S |
7dd15b49-5150-4f85-b214-f5d7483c0a0b | All can occur due to blunt trauma of eye except - | Berlin's edema | Angle recession | Sympathetic ophthalmitis | Rosette cataract | 2c
| multi | 1. Lids: Ecchymosis, Black eye, avulsion of the lid, traumatic ptosis. 2. Orbit: Fracture of the orbital walls, orbital haemorrhage, orbital emphysemas. 3. Lacrimal apparatus: Laceration of canaliculi, dislocation of lacrimal gland. 4. Conjunctiva: Subconjunctival haemorrhage, chemosis, lacerating tears of the conjunctiva. 5. Cornea: Abrasion, paial or complete corneal tear, deep corneal opacity. 6. Sclera: Scleral tear. 7. Anterior chamber: Traumatic hyphaema, Collapse of the anterior chamber following perforation. 8. Iris, pupil and ciliary body: Traumatic miosis, traumatic mydriasis, radiating tears in iris stroma, iridodialysis, traumatic aniridia, traumatic cyclodialysis, traumatic uveitis. 9. Lens: Vossius ring, Concussion cataract, Early rosette cataract, Late rosette cataract, Total cataract, Subluxation of the lens, Dislocation of the lens. 10. Vitreous: Traumatic vitreous degeneration, Traumatic vitreous detachment, Vitreous haemorrhage. . Retina: Commotio retinae (Berlin's oedema), retinal haemorrhages, retinal tears, retinal detachment, traumatic macular oedema, traumatic macular degeneration. sympathetic Ophthalmities is seen in perforating injuries. Ref.. Khurana 6/e p564 | Ophthalmology | Ocular trauma |
4918392d-6ba5-4553-9bf2-cc4b5744244e | A 40-year-old woman is suspected of having a carotid body tumor. Which one of the following is most characteristic of such a tumor?Carotid body tumor | They secrete catecholamines. | They are more common at sea level. | They arise from structures that respond to changes in blood volume. | They arise from the structures that respond to changes in PO2. | 3d
| single | Carotid body tumor is the most common type of paraganglioma in the head and neck region, followed by the glomus jugular tumor. Carotid body tumor grows slowly, rarely metastasizes, and may secrete catecholamines. The tumor usually is supplied by the external carotid artery, and dissection to remove it off the carotid bifurcation may be difficult and cause bleeding. Malignancy occurs in 6% of patients. | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
aa61320f-a139-4ff6-b1a0-251125bf76e1 | Neuroendocrine cells in the lungs are: | Dendritic cells | Type I pneumocytes | Type II pneumocytes | APUD cells | 3d
| single | APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) cells are neuroendocrine cells found in respiratory system, G.I. tract and other organs; they manufactrure amines (e.g. 5-HT). These cells form carcinoid tumors. | Physiology | Respiratory System Pa 1 |
2c9629ac-1c00-4a49-b0b1-68248bd55d70 | Dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor is: | Clozapine | Bupropion | Zolpidem | Miazapine | 1b
| single | Bupropion This inhibitor of DA and NA uptake has excitant rather than sedative propey. It is metabolized into an amphetamine like compound. It has been marketed in a sustained release formulation as an aid to smoking cessation. In clinical trials it has been found to yield higher smoking abstinence and quitting rates than placebo. Bupropion may be acting by augmenting the dopaminergic reward function. Better results have been obtained when it is combined with nicotine patch. The nicotine withdrawal symptoms were less severe in bupropion recipients. However, long-term efficacy is not known, and it can cause insomnia, agitation, dry mouth and nausea, but not sexual side effects. Seizures occur in over dose; the dose of 150 mg BD should not be exceeded. Ref: K D Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
fb4a2117-c18b-4156-ac0d-36c146d4d741 | Complication of blood transfusion can be all except - | Hyperkalemia | Citrate toxicity | Metabolic acidosis | Hypothermia | 2c
| multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Metabolic acidosis The question is most probably about complications of massive blood transfusion.Massive Blood Transfusion * Massive blood transfusion is generally defined as transfusion of one to two volumes of patient's own blood volumes (For most adults that is equivalent to 10-20 units.)Complications of Massive Blood TransfusionCoagulopathyThe most common cause of bleeding following massive blood transfusion is dilutional thrombocytopeniaClinically significant dilution of the coagulation factors is unusual in previously normal individuals.Citrate ToxicityCitrate is used as an anticoagulant in the stored blood.Citrate has a property to bind calcium, this calcium binding by the citrate preservative can become significant following transfusion of large volumes of blood or blood products.Hypocalcemia results in some patients after massive transfusion, to prevent this, the transfusion rate should not exceed 1 unit every 5 minutes.Citrate also has an affinity for magnesium ion and the occurrence of hypomagnesemia in the setting of massive transfusion is seen (rarely).HypothermiaBlood is stored at a temperature of 2degC-6degC. So massive blood transfusion can result in hypothermia.Massive blood transfusion is an absolute indication for warming all blood products and intravenous fluids to normal body temperature.Hypothermia due to massive transfusion can result in ventricular arrhythmia.Acid-Base BalanceThe stored blood is acidic for two reasons.Due to the citric acid (the anticoagulants) Due to release of metabolic products by the anaerobic glycolysis of red cells (CO2 and Lactate).Despite the Stored Blood Being Acidic, Significant metabolic acidosis due to transfusion is not common.- Once the resuscitation is complete and normal perfusion is restored, any metabolic acidosis present, typically resolves, and progressive metabolic alkalosis supervenes as citrate and lactate contained in transfusion and resuscitation fluids are converted to bicarbonate by the liver. The most consistent acid base abnormality after massive blood transfusion is postoperative metabolic alkalosis.Serum Potassium ConcentrationThe extracellular concentration of Potassium in stored blood steadily increases with time due to lysis of RBC's.The amount of extracellular potassium transfused with each unit is typically less than 4m Eq per unit. Hyperkalemia can develop regardless of the age of the blood when transfusion rate exceeded 100ml/min.Oxygen Affinity Changes * 2, 3 DPG is greatly reduced in RBC's after about 3 weeks of storage, this increases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen and adversely affects oxygen delivery to tissues.Acute Respiration? Distress SyndromeCoagulation Factor Depletion | Medicine | Transfusion |
94d0150b-987c-47c8-b917-80c0d0f02824 | Regarding Clostridium perfringens gas gangrene, false is - | Common cause of gas gangrene | Nagler reaction positive | Most common toxin is hyaluronidase | Food poisoning strain of Cl. perfringens produces heat resistant spores | 2c
| multi | Ans. is. 'c' i.e., Most common toxin is hyalronidase . The most common and most impoant toxin produced by CL perfringensis a- toxin (lecithinase). Clostridium perfringens food poisoning . Some strains of type A Cl. perfringens produce poisoning. They are characterised by the marked heat resistance of their spores and the feeble production of alpha and theta toxins. . Food poisoning is due to production of heat labile enterotoxin. . The food sources primarily involved are meat, meat products and poultry. . Incubation period is 8-24 hours. . Nausea, diarrhea and epigastric pain are the usual symptoms. Fever and vomiting are uncommon. | Microbiology | null |
d00d9e5b-8e3f-437c-b269-24ea9efc3552 | Mark the false statement among given options regarding malaria species : | P. vivax infects RBC's < 14 days | P. falciparum infects young RBC's only | P. ovale selectively infect reticulocytes | P. malariae infects old RBC's. | 1b
| multi | Plasmodium species P. falciparum infects RBC's of all ages P. vivax infects RBC's < 14 d. P. malariae infects old RBC's. P. ovale selectively infect reticulocytes. | Microbiology | Parasitology Pa 1 (Protozoology) |
b8fbf315-07b4-4587-8b4a-d9cb786bf049 | Pseudotumor cerebri is seen in | Obese women in the age group 20-40 yrs | Obese males 20-40 yrs. | Thin females 50-60 yrs. | Thin males 50-60 yrs. | 0a
| single | * Pseudotumour cerebri(idiopathic intracranial hypeension) usually occur in obese young women . Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2456 | Medicine | C.N.S |
e9ad66fe-0c0c-46c3-98d8-2032a5e0d0dd | A young child presented with history of passage of dark colored with urine with reduced urine output. He has a past history of abdominal pain, fever, and bloody diarrhea for 4 days which resolved on its own. There is absence of peripheral edema or rashes. Investigations show anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Which of the following findings is most expected finding in this patient? | Elevated haptoglobin level | Elevated serum indirect bilirubin | Elevated thrombin and prothrombin time | Low fibrinogen and elevated D-dimer level | 1b
| single | - Child given is presenting with classical history of hemolytic uremic syndrome In HUS, there is initial history of diarrhea caused d/t E-coli which causes damage to endothelial cells resulting in thrombotic microangiopathy affecting kidney. Typical Causative agent: Escherichia coli strain O157:H7 infection; Endothelial damage by Shiga-like toxin Characterized by triad of Renal failure, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia Peripheral findings - Presence of Schistocytes. As it causes hemolytic anemia, | in haptoglobin level & | in serum indirect bilirubin is seen Low fibrinogen and elevated D-dimer level is usually seen in DIC | Pathology | Hemolytic Anemias: Basic concepts and classification |
2a71a98d-c29e-4205-b367-d31be86f878b | A child draws circle at – | 12 months | 24 months | 30 months | 36 months | 3d
| single | null | Pediatrics | null |
29b33ed2-8f01-4c5e-aff0-6ae15aab11eb | Neonatal septicemia is most commonly caused by ? | Group B Streptococci | E.coli | Streptococcus viridans | Staphylococcus aureus | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Group B streptococci | Pediatrics | null |
70b42e7e-af39-4be5-a23a-8aa080f4c8af | All are true about pulmonary embolism,except - | Chest pain is the most common symptom | Most commonly presents within 2 weeks | More is the survival time, more is the chance of . recovery | Arises from leg veins | 0a
| multi | null | Medicine | null |
c2a11f8f-f100-4662-ade5-2ed49f003e34 | All the following are true regarding blood supply to the kidney, EXCEPT? | It is a type of poal-circulation | Stellate veins drain superficial zone | Its segmental aeries are end-aeries | The renal aery divides into five segmental aeries before entering the hilum | 0a
| multi | Blood supply to the kidney: The renal aery arises from the aoa at the level of the second lumbar veebra. Each renal aery usually divides into five segmental aeries that enter the hilum of the kidney. Lobar aeries arises from each segmental aery, one for each renal pyramid. Each lobar aery gives off two or three interlobar aeries. The interlobar aeries run toward the coex on each side of the renal pyramid. At the junction of the coex and the medulla, the interlobar aeries give off the arcuate aeries, which arch over the bases of the pyramids. The arcuate aeries give off several interlobular aeries that ascend in the coex. The afferent glomerular aerioles arise as branches of the interlobular aeries. Venous drainage: The renal veins arise from three sources venae stellate, interlobular veins and venae rectae. | Anatomy | null |
db88be30-8b40-4025-b452-17c59a344a96 | Best IOL is: | Ant chamber | Post chamber | Iris suppoed | Angle suppoed | 1b
| single | B i.e. Posterior chamber Classical signs of aphakia are - a deep anterior chamber, iridodonesis (tremulousness of iris), only 2 images on Purkinje's test, dark (jet black) papillary reflexQ and highly hypermetropic small disc on fundus examination with markedly defective vision for both far and near d/t high hypermetropia and absence of accommodationQ. A scar mark around limbusQ is found in surgical aphakia. Because of high hypermetropia, an aphakic eye requires the correcting spectacle lens of about 10-11 D worn in the usual position if the eye were previously emmetropic. The retinal image of aphakic eye wearing spectacles is about 25% (quaer) magnified/ larger than the emmetropic image. Hence vision of even 6/6 with 10-11 D glasses is not quite as good as it seems. Because of the disparity of images, correcting unilateral aphakia with spectacles when there is good vision in other eye 1/ t an intolerable diplopia. With contact lenses, a comfoable binocular vision may be attained in aphakia. However, posterior chamber intraocular (in bag) lens implantation is the best available method of correcting aphakiaQ - The optical rehabilitation of aphakia is best done by IOL implants and best site for intraocular lens implants is posterior chamber or within capsular bag Q and this is the normal anatomical position. Whereas anterior chamber lens has more complications like corneal endothelial damage, secondary glucoma, uveitis etc. - With incision in upper pa of cornea, the sutureless phacoemulsification produces 0.5-1D 'against the rule' astigmatism (since cornea is flattened in veical meridian) whereas, extra capsular cataract extraction (ECCE) performed with sutures produces 1 D to 3 D 'with the rule' astigmatism (which gradually reduces after suture removal & thee after). Aphakia Aphakia means absence of crystalline lens from eye. However from optical point of view, it may be considered a condition in which the lens is absent from the pupillary area. Causes of aphakia are - congenital absence of lens, surgical aphakia (most common), traumatic absorption or extrusion of lens and posterior dislocation of lens Optical changes of aphakia eye are: - Total power of eye is reduced to +44 D from + 60 D Q - Eye becomes highly hypermetropic (10-11 D) Q - All accommodation is lost Q - The anterior focal point becomes 24 mm (15 nun for normal eye) in front of the cornea - The posterior focal point becomes 31 mm (24 mm for normal eye) behind the cornea i.e. about 7 mm behind the eye ball (anteroposterior length of eye ball is 24 mm) Signs of aphakia are - deep anterior chamber, jet black pupil, iridodonesis (i.e. tremulousness of iris) and purkinje's image test shows only two images (normally four images are seen). Main symptoms of aphakia is marked defective vision for both far and near d/t high hypermetropia and loss of accommodationQ. Erythropsia and cynopsia (seeing red & blue images) occurs d/t excessive entry of UV and infrared rays in absence of lens Features Aphakia Pseudoaphakia (Ae-phakia) Definition Absence of It is correction of crystalline lens aphakia with an from it normal aificial intraocular position (pupillary lens (i.e. presence of area) in eye. an IOL implant). Surgical scar Limbal scar may be Mostly seen (unless seen in surgical but very small) near absent in congenital absence of lens limbus Anterior Deep (>4 mm) and Normal or slightly chamber wide deep ( Iridodonesis Tremulousness of Usually absent or very iris characteristically present & is inarkedQ mild Purkinje Only 2 images are All 4 images (just like image test seen with absence of 3rd & 4f5 images normal are seen) Pupil Jet black papillary Black in color but reflexQ when light is thrown shining reflexes are observed in pupillary area and presence of IOL is confirmed Fundus Hypermetropic Relatively normal examination small discQ sized disc Retinoscopy High Refractive status is & Refraction hypermetropiaQ variable and may be and astigmatism. 1. Emmetropia (ideal) Roughly + 10 to + occurs if exact 11D cylindericalQ power IOL glasses are required implanted; patient in previously needs plus (+) emmetropic eyes. glasses for near An addition +3 to vision only +4 D is required for 2. Consecutive near vision to myopia occurs compensate for when implanted IOL accommodation over corrects the refraction of eye; patient require glasses for distant vision/ myopia and may or may not need glasses for near vision. 3. Consecutive hypermetropia occurs when under power IOL is implanted; patient requires plus (+) glasses for distance vision & additional + 2D to + 3D for near vision. | Ophthalmology | null |
96eea8f3-3fd7-4e2e-b965-0b0a38a7f042 | Most common cause of urinary retention in children includes | Posterior urethral valves | Urethral stenosis | Urethral aplasia | Ectopic ureteric opening | 0a
| single | (A) Posterior urethral valves # Posterior urethral valves: These constitute an important cause of distal urinary tract obstruction in boys.> Dribbling, abnormal urinary stream, palpable bladder and recurrent UTI are the usual presenting features.> The presence of severe obstruction in the urinary tract in utero may lead to renal dysplasia.> Mild to moderate impairment of renal function may be present at birth.> The diagnosis is made on MCU, which shows dilated posterior urethra and valves at its junction with anterior urethra. | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
4da05b93-ba48-4e84-bddf-55483d8955a9 | Spectacle shown below is used in | Bifocal for presbyopia | Bifocal for adult aphakia | Bifocal for pediatric aphakia | Progressive bifocal for presbyopia | 2c
| single | Ans. (c) Bifocal for pediatric aphakiaRef: Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Motility Disorders by Alec M. Ansons, Helen Davis 3/e, p. 36These are straight type/ executive type bifocals with a central lie dissecting the visual axis, such that the top of the reading segment passes just below the middle of the pupil when the eye is in the primary position. Indicated in*Aphakia in children*As low vision aids in children*In selected cases of treatment od accommodative esotropia with convergence excessBifocals preferred in presbyopia/adults are usually D shaped | Ophthalmology | Elementary Optics |
57ea40be-5600-44ce-bf9f-19681c720643 | Not a treatment option for psoriasis - | Retinoids | Methotrexate | Cyclosporine | Oral corticosteroids | 3d
| multi | Ans is 'd' i.e. Oral corticosteroids Treatment options for psoriasisSystemic medicineso Acitretino Cyclosporineo Razoxaneo Biological therapieso Colchicineo Antithyroid drugs (methimazole, propylthiouracil)o Methotrexateo Hydroxyureao Mycophenolate mofetilo Goldo Zidovudineo AzathioprineTopical medicines for psoriasiso Emollientso Dithranolo Salicylic acido Tazaroteneo Topical corticosteroidso Taro Vit D and Analogueso Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus | Unknown | null |
632165f8-b2fa-4fac-9d71-91368d100870 | A patient at 22 weeks gestation is diagnosed as having IUD which occurred at 17 weeks but did not have a miscarriage. The patient is at increased risk of : | Septic aboion | Future infeility | Consumptive coagulopathy with hypofibrinogenemia | Ectopic pregnancy | 2c
| single | Dead fetus if retained for more than 4-5 weeks, release thromboplastin which leads to DIC Ref: Datta Obs 9e pg 304. | Anatomy | Abnormal labor |
5adb902b-138f-4776-9960-4ac6b5258624 | An agent added to local anesthetics to speed the onset of action is: | Methylparapben | Bicarbonate | Fentanyl | Adrenaline | 1b
| single | * LAs are weak bases. These require penetration inside the neuron for their action. For entry in the neuron, LAs have to cross the neuronal membrane. * Unionized drugs (lipid soluble) can easily cross the membrane, therefore addition of NaHCO3 in the local anaesthetic solution (weak bases are un-ionized in the alkaline medium) makes them rapid acting. * Adrenaline increases the duration of action by causing vasoconstriction. * Methylparapben is the preservative added in LA solution. | Pharmacology | Anaesthesia |
a8dfe724-5dc9-42ed-9ddf-a54261dd295e | Shaking palsy is associated with poisoning with : | Lead | Mercury | Arsenic | Strontium | 1b
| single | B i.e Mercury | Forensic Medicine | null |
9fb1cb24-5cdb-4546-b177-315c55166bc7 | About the treatment of esophageal cancer, false statement is: | 5% of patients survive 5 years after the diagnosis | The efficacy of primary radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinomas is similar to that of radical surgery | Surgical resection of all gross tumor is feasible in only 45% of cases | Chemotherapy is highly effective and sometimes curable | 3d
| multi | ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA: The prognosis is poor. 5% of patients survive 5 years after the diagnosis Surgical resection of all gross tumor is feasible in only 45% of cases About 20% of patients who survive a total resection live 5 years. The efficacy of primary radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinomas is similar to that of radical surgery Combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy seems to be beneficial. For the incurable patient with esophageal cancer, dysphagia, malnutrition, and the management of tracheoesophageal fistulas are major issues. Ref: Harrison, E-18, P-765 | Surgery | null |
9f21fc0b-e389-4b03-b3ec-0e9ad6335ca3 | Aery to bleed in duodenal ulcer haemorrhage - | Splenic aery | Gastroduodenal aery | Left gastric aery | Sup. mesenteric aery | 1b
| single | Gastro duodenal aery is the most common aery involved in duodenal ulcer hemorrhage. Also, remember A peptic ulcer is the most common cause of massive upper gastrointestinal bleed (Duodenal ulcers > Gastric ulcers) Bleeding ulcers in the duodenum are usually located on the posterior surface of the duodenal bulb. Ref : Bailey & Love 25/e p1045 | Anatomy | G.I.T |
d37d68b2-301a-407a-b495-fb37c94e2254 | In PCR, DNA polymerase is used in | DNA replication | DNA Elongation | DNA Mulitiplication | All | 2c
| multi | All PCR applications employ a heat-stable DNA polymerase, such as Taq polymerase (an enzyme originally isolated from the bacterium Thermus aquatics).This DNA polymerase enzymatically assembles a new DNA strand from DNA building blocks, the nucleotides, by using single-stranded DNA as a template and DNA oligonucleotides (also called DNA primers), which are required for initiation of DNA synthesis. | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids |
ac5b8795-5e6d-4abd-890f-58e120cb2718 | Abdominal pain in Henoch Schonlein purpura is due to - | Mucosal erosions and swelling of the G1 mucosa | Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | Volvulus | Associated pancreatic inflammation | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mucosal erosions and swelling of the GI mucosa Abdominal pain in HSPo The second most frequent symptom of Henoch-Schonlein purpura is abdominal pain, which occurs in up to 65 percent of cases. The most common complaint is colicky abdominal pain, which may be severe and associated with vomiting. Stools may show gross or occult blood; hematemesis may also occur. The pain may mimic that of an acute abdomen. Severe cases may proceed to intussusception, hemorrhage and shock. Younger children are less likely to exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopic evaluation often shows mucosal erosions and swelling | Pediatrics | Urinary Tract |
3dc7cfae-f1fa-4b38-9b68-c95eebbad9ff | An 8 year old child has shown of lack of interest in studies for last 6 months. He has frequent quarrels with his parents and has frequent headaches as anexcuse to avoid school. What would be the most appropriate clinical diagnosis in this patient? | Rule out migraine | Rule out depression | Rule out an oppositional defiant disorder | Leave him as normal adolescent problem | 2c
| single | Since the person in the question is showing a hostile behavior which is impairing his academic activities for the last 6 months, the most appropriate next step would be to rule out Oppositional defiant disorder.Oppositional defiant disorder is a recurrent pattern of negativistic, hostile or defiant behavior that lasts longer than 6 months and creates disturbances in at least one of the domains of child functioning including social, academic or occupational impairment. The symptoms of this disorder is usually evident around 6-8 years. Ref: Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition, Page 3586, 3580. | Psychiatry | null |
2a8e61f3-085c-4603-b331-de0078d6e5f9 | A 12-year-old boy had a gradually progressive plaque on a buttock for the last 3 years. The plaque was 15 cm in diameter, annular in shape, with crusting and induration at the periphery and scarring at the centre. The most likely diagnosis – | Tinea corporis | Granuloma annulare | Lupus vulgaris | Borderline leprosy | 2c
| multi | This boy has
Annular plaque
On buttock
Crusting at periphery
Scarring at centre
These suggest the diagnosis of lupus vulgaris.
Annular lesions
When the lesions of a skin disease are arranged in ring shape, they are called annular lesions. | Dental | null |
8645b537-d9e7-4c02-9cab-4b8243d03a55 | Mortality rate of measles in developing countries- | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 10% o Measles-associated mortality is usually higher among the very' young and very old.o Mortality in developing countries may be as high as 10 to 15% due to one or several factors, including the early age of infection, malnutrition, diarrhea, concomitant-secondary bacterial infections, and lack of access to good medical care.o Most common cause of death is pneumonia in children and encephalitis in adults. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Demography |
d6769ec4-39f6-42e1-9ac0-18c66834f738 | Which of the following deciduous molars bears the
greatest resemblance to a premolar | Maxillary first | Maxillary second | Mandibular first | Mandibular second | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null |
1616a1f9-40d0-4c00-a173-e4c6034e812d | Most common site of berry's aneurism is - | Trifurcation of internal carotid artery | Junction of anterior cerebral and anterior communicating artery | Bifurcation of basilar artery | Middle cerebral artery | 1b
| single | Ans. is' b' i.e., Junction of anterior cerebral and anterior communicating artery Most common sites of Berry's Aneurysma. Junction of anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteryb. Bifurcation of MCAc. Trifurcation of CIAd. Bifurcation of basilar artery | Surgery | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
d6580615-593b-4dd2-9b96-b00ae36f18b2 | Smoothest and maximum polishability is the property of: | Traditional composite | Microfilled composite | Hybrid composite | Small particle filled composite | 1b
| multi | These properties are due to low filler loading, hence microfilled composites are principally used for anterior esthetic restorations. | Dental | null |
9aedd786-31d8-4f3a-b9fa-70695b268688 | Which of the following is the most common cause of late neurological deterioration in a case of cerebro- vascular accident - | Rebleeding | Vasospasm | Embolism | Hydrocephalus | 1b
| single | null | Medicine | null |
Subsets and Splits