Video of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11" class="extiw" title="w:Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> launch, taken from the base of the Launch Umbilical Tower on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Launcher_Platform" class="extiw" title="w:Mobile Launcher Platform">Mobile Launcher</a>. Camera E-8 captured this footage on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_mm_film" class="extiw" title="w:16 mm film">16 mm film</a> at 500 frames per second. This footage takes place within approximately 30 seconds of real time.
<p>The initial flames are the result of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kerosene" class="extiw" title="w:kerosene">kerosene</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/liquid_oxygen" class="extiw" title="w:liquid oxygen">liquid oxygen</a> being released from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_V" class="extiw" title="w:Saturn V">Saturn V</a> rocket's fuel tanks and being ignited by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hypergolic_propellant" class="extiw" title="w:hypergolic propellant">hypergolic</a> cartridges, which spin up the turbines and drive fuel to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocketdyne_F-1" class="extiw" title="w:Rocketdyne F-1">F-1 engines</a>. After reaching full thrust, the downward force of the exhaust creates a low pressure area which pulls the billowing gas below the vehicle and into the flame trench.
</p><p>To the right of the vehicle are two tail service masts (a third is on the opposite side of the rocket), and equidistant around the rocket are four hold-down arms. At T-0, the hold down arms release the rocket, and the tail service masts begin to swing up into protective hoods.
</p><p>During the launch, ice that had formed around the rocket (due to the extremely cold liquid oxygen inside) can be seen falling off. The dark material seen leaving the engines during liftoff is cooler exhaust gas from the turbines being ejected through the engine nozzle, the idea being that the cooler gas would act as an insulator for the nozzle against the extreme temperatures of the ignited fuel.
</p><p>Surfaces and equipment on the Launch Umbilical Tower and Mobile Launcher were painted with an ablative material which would burn off under the heat of the launch and protect the underlying surfaces. Throughout the latter part of the video, this ablative material can be seen charring and burning.
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During launch, the pad's Water Deluge System discharged some 300,000 gallons of water onto the surfaces of the Mobile Launcher and Launch Umbilical Tower, and into the flame trench, to both cool the pad and dampen the acoustic shock waves produced by the engine exhaust. During launch, much of the water boiled away as steam, though it can be seen cascading on the pad's surface in the latter part of the video.
NASA/Kennedy Space Center
1969-07-16
<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eB82KvuesQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eB82KvuesQ</a>