Trials made on steel gun tube samples. The steel was produced with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessemer_process" class="extiw" title="en:Bessemer process">Bessemer process</a>. No crack appeared.
Henry Bessemer (1813-1898)
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sirhenrybessemer00bessrich">Sir Henry Bessemer, F.R.S An autobiography p.194</a>