Civil ensign of the <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Parma_and_Piacenza&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (page does not exist)">Duchy of Parma and Piacenza</a>. Used from 1851 to 1859.
See <i><b>file history</b></i> for details.
<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://digilander.libero.it/breschirob/parma.html">[1]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/Flags/it-parma.html">Flags of the World:Parma (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbvex.it/parma.html"><i><b>Bandiere degli Stati preunitari italiani: Parma.</b></i></a>