<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockcroft-Walton_generator" class="extiw" title="w:Cockcroft-Walton generator">Cockcroft-Walton</a> voltage multiplier circuit, also called the Greinacher multiplier.  When an alternating voltage is applied, it produces a DC output voltage equal to <b><i>V</i><sub>o</sub></b> = 2<b><i>NV</i><sub>p</sub></b> = <b><i>NV</i><sub>pp</sub></b> where <b><i>V</i><sub>pp</sub></b> is the peak-to-peak input voltage and <i><b>N</b></i> is the number of stages.  This diagram shows a 4 stage circuit, with output <b><i>V</i><sub>o</sub></b> = 4<b><i>V</i><sub>ip</sub></b>  It was invented in 1932 by physicists <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" class="extiw" title="w:John Douglas Cockcroft">John Douglas Cockcroft</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Thomas_Sinton_Walton" class="extiw" title="w:Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton">Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton</a>. The Cockcroft-Walton circuit is widely used to produce high voltages in CRT television set anode supplies, photomultiplier tube power supplies, copiers, laser printers, electrostatic precipitators, and Cockcroft-Walton particle accelerators
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