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56565804
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarh%20Rajyotsava
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Chhattisgarh Rajyotsava
|
1 November of every year is celebrated as Chhattisgarh Rajyotsava (Chhattisgarh Foundation Day) as on this date in the year 2000 Government of India officially declared it to be an independent state. The mythological name of Chhattisgarh is Kaushal Rajya (the grandmother of Lord Shri Ram). The President of India gave his consent to Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2000 on 25 August and then Government of India set 1 November 2000 as the day Madhya Pradesh would be divided into Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Since then, the state government organises 5 days festival starting 1 November of every year in the capital of Chhattisgarh, Raipur. The event is organised in Naya Raipur at Rajyotsava Ground, in which a series of cultural events are organised. The 5 days festival showcases a cultural extravaganza that depicts culture and tradition of Chhattisgarh and the role of tribes that the state inherit. The event has been witnessed by many political figureheads as well as Indian celebrities including Narendra Modi, Pranab Mukharjee, vocalist Sukhwinder Singh, KK (Singer) and many others.
References
External links
Feature Article on Frontline
Chhattisgarh State Industrial Development Corporation Limited
Festivals in Chhattisgarh
Indian state foundation days
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44507246
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphrosyne%20dealbata
|
Euphrosyne dealbata
|
Euphrosyne dealbata, commonly known as copperweed or woolly marsh elder, is a species of plant in the family Asteraceae. It is found in western North America where it is native to northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Durango, Zacatecas), and the south-western United States (New Mexico, western Texas, and Cochise County in southeastern Arizona).
References
Flora of the Southwestern United States
Flora of Mexico
Heliantheae
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56565810
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sattar%20Oraki
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Sattar Oraki
|
Sattar Oraki (), (born 5 May 1969 in Ahvaz) is an Iranian composer. He has scored Academy Award-winning movies such as A Separation and The Salesman. Oraki is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
Filmography
Killing a Traitor 2022
Aghazadeh (TV series) 2020
Privacy 2017
Ghahreman-e akhar (Documentary) 2017
The Elephant King 2017
I Motherhood 2017
Fasl-e Narges 2017
Vilaieha 2017
Mermaid 2016
The Salesman 2016
Ferris wheel 2016
A House on 41st Street 2016
Se Mahi (TV Movie) 2015
Dorane Asheghi 2015
Panj Setareh 2014
Toward Freedom 2014
A House Beside Clouds 2014
Cherknevis (Video) 2014
Az Iran, yek jodaee (Documentary) 2013
Trapped (2013 film) 2013
Maybe There 2013
Esterdad 2013
Ekbatan 2012
Yek satr vagheiat 2012
Shabake 2012
Kooche melli 2011
Nadarha 2011
A Separation 2011
Empty Paper Bag (Short) 2010
Nasepas 2010
Whatever God Wants 2010
The Strangers 2009
Rismaneh baz 2008
Sang, kaghaz, gheichi 2007
Composing for singers
Salar Aghili For the Constitutional Days
Salar Aghili For the song of the mother
Salar Aghili as For the song endless way
Reza Yazdani For your wife song
Awards
honorary diploma (Celebration of critics and authors 2017)
Statue of the best music video (Iranian Cinema Celebration 2013)
Simorgh Candidate for Fajr Film Festival 2016
Simorgh Candidate for Fajr Film Festival 2014
Simorgh Candidate for Fajr Film Festival 2013
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Iranian composers
|
17341062
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Romanian%20football%20transfers%202008%E2%80%9309
|
List of Romanian football transfers 2008–09
|
This is a list of Romanian football transfers for the 2008–09 transfer windows. Only moves featuring at least one Liga I club are listed.
Transfers
This list is incomplete. Please feel free to expand
Notes and references
Romania
Transfers 2008
2008-09
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20478853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alier%20Ashurmamadov
|
Alier Ashurmamadov
|
Alijor Aşurmamadov (; born on 20 August 1970) is a former Tajikistani footballer who played for FC Lokomotiv Moscow, FC Anzhi Makhachkala, and FC Irtysh. He was a member of the Tajikistan national football team.
Career
Managerial
On 23 January 2018, Panjshir appointed Ashurmamadov as their manager.
Career statistics
International
International goals
Honours
Pamir Dushanbe
Tajik League (1): 1992
Tajik Cup (1): 1992
Varzob Dushanbe
Tajik League (2): 1999, 2000
Tajik Cup (1): 1999
References
External links
1970 births
People from Khatlon Region
Living people
Soviet footballers
Tajikistani footballers
Tajikistani expatriate footballers
Tajikistan international footballers
CSKA Pamir Dushanbe players
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan
Tajikistani expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Soviet Top League players
Russian Premier League players
Vakhsh Qurghonteppa players
Association football forwards
Tajikistan Higher League players
CSKA Pamir Dushanbe managers
Tajikistani football managers
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44507253
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vor%20Arneths%20Grab%2C%20WAB%2053
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Vor Arneths Grab, WAB 53
|
(Facing Arneth's tomb), WAB 53, is an elegy composed by Anton Bruckner in 1854, for men's voices and three trombones.
History
Bruckner composed the elegy Vor Arneths Grab, WAB 53, for the funeral of Michael Arneth, the prior of the St. Florian Abbey. The work, which was written together with the Libera me, WAB 22, was performed on 28 March 1854 at the cemetery of the abbey.
The elegy was performed a second time for the funeral of Magistrate Wilhelm Schiedermayr on 23 September 1855.
The original manuscript of the elegy is stored in the archive of Wels. The work, which was first published in band II/2, pp. 184–188 of the Göllerich/Auer biography, is put in Band XXIII/2, No. 9 of the .
Am Grabe is a revised a cappella setting of the elegy, was performed on the funeral of Josephine Hafferl.
Text
The elegy uses a text by Ernst von Marinelli.
{|
|
|style="padding-left:2em;"|Brothers, dry your tears,
Still the hard pain of your sorrow,
Love can also show
In the intimacy of resignation.
While this is the last look
On the corps and the coffin,
The soul which they contained,
triumphs by trust in God.
Therefore, let us praise the Lord,
Who elects the most noble
And for us, the poor orphans,
also holds the Heaven open!
We want to promise at the tomb
Trust, justice and pious devotion,
That the blessed one above,
Once our spirit will have risen,
Will lead us to the Father.
|}
Music
The 28-bar-long work in F minor is scored for choir and 3 trombones. The setting of the first two strophes (bars 1 to 8) is identical. It is followed (bars 9 to 16) by the setting of the third strophe, and, after two instrumental bars, ends (bars 19 to 28) with the setting of the last strophe.
Although it is a funeral song, it displays little of the mournful character one might expect. The text and the music, with largely diatonic harmony and a predominance of major sonorities, focus instead on confidence about resurrection and salvation. Like the concomitant Libera me, the work contains portents of Bruckner's mature style and has thus a significant place in Bruckner's musical development.
Discography
There are three recordings of Vor Arneths Grab:
Jürgen Jürgens, Monteverdi-Chor, Bruckner - Music of St Florian Period (II) – CD: BSVD-0111 (Bruckner Archive), 1985
Thomas Kerbl, Chorvereinigung Bruckner 08, Anton Bruckner Männerchöre – CD: LIVA 027, 2008
Łukasz Borowicz, Anton Bruckner: Requiem, RIAS Kammerchor Berlin, Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin – CD: Accentus ACC30474, 2019
References
Sources
August Göllerich, Anton Bruckner. Ein Lebens- und Schaffens-Bild, – posthumous edited by Max Auer by G. Bosse, Regensburg, 1932
Keith William Kinder, The Wind and Wind-Chorus Music of Anton Bruckner, Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, 2000
Anton Bruckner – Sämtliche Werke, Band XXIII/2: Weltliche Chorwerke (1843–1893), Musikwissenschaftlicher Verlag der Internationalen Bruckner-Gesellschaft, Angela Pachovsky and Anton Reinthaler (Editor), Vienna, 1989
Cornelis van Zwol, Anton Bruckner 1824–1896 – Leven en werken, uitg. Thoth, Bussum, Netherlands, 2012.
Crawford Howie, Anton Bruckner - A documentary biography, online revised edition
External links
Vor Arneths Grab f-Moll, WAB 53 Critical discography by Hans Roelofs
Jonas Rannila with the Manifestum Men's Choir: Vor Arneths Grab (WAB 53)
Weltliche Chorwerke by Anton Bruckner
1854 compositions
Compositions in F minor
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20478855
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Charasse
|
Gérard Charasse
|
Gérard Charasse (born 26 March 1944 in Le Vernet, Allier) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Allier's 4th constituency (from 1997 to 2012). Then major boundary changes in 2011 reduced Allier's parliamentary entitlement from 4 constituencies down to 3 - the old 3rd constituency was in effect abolished, its name and substantially its place being taken over by the pre-2012 4th constituency. Charasse then successfully took the 3rd constituency (from 2012 to 2017). He was a member of the Radical Party of the Left; he lost his seat in the 2017 Parliamentary Elections.
References
1944 births
Living people
People from Allier
Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Radical Party of the Left politicians
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
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20478860
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Cherpion
|
Gérard Cherpion
|
Gérard Cherpion (born 15 March 1948 in Dombasle-sur-Meurthe, Meurthe-et-Moselle) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents Vosges's 2nd constituency, and is a member of the Republicans.
On 24 February 2022, he announced he would stand down at the 2022 French legislative election.
References
1948 births
Living people
People from Meurthe-et-Moselle
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
The Social Right
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Regional councillors of Grand Est
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26720552
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport%20in%20Malta
|
Sport in Malta
|
Sports in Malta include association football, basketball, athletics, rugby, tennis, cycling, and others.
Football
Association football (soccer) is the most popular sport in Malta. The national stadium is called Ta' Qali Stadium. The national football team has won several matches over big opponents that reached the final phases in World Cups, such as Belgium and Hungary. Recently a large number of football grounds have been built throughout the island. The top football league in Malta is called the Maltese Premier League, and consists of 14 teams. Futsal is also very popular.
Hockey
Maltese National Hockey League is the official field hockey league in Malta, with 4 teams participating in the National League. The current champions are Sliema Hotsticks Hockey Club.
The National Hockey Stadium is located in Paola, Kordin.
The Malta National Hockey Team participates in several international fixtures each year.
Waterpolo
Water polo is also very popular in Malta. The Malta men's national water polo team has achieved some great results against strong teams, and has competed in the Olympics twice. Maltese clubs participate in the European Club competitions organised by LEN, are seen as being in the top 10 water polo leagues in Europe.
Boċċi
Boċċi is the Maltese version of the Italian game of bocce, French pétanque and British bowls. Other than certain differences in rules and the ground on which the game is played, one of the most obvious differences between Maltese boċċi and foreign equivalents is the shape of the bowls themselves which tend to be cylindrical rather than spherical in shape. Many small clubs (usually called Klabbs tal-Boċċi in Maltese) can be found in Maltese and Gozitan localities, and are usually well-frequented and are quite active on a local and European level. Even the emigrants to Canada, Australia, and The United States have taken the game with them and now forms an important part of their social scene.
Rugby
Rugby league is played, primarily due to return migration of Maltese Australians bringing it back with them. In July 2022, the national men's team was ranked 10th in the world. The national team are known as the Malta Knights, and boast players currently playing in the Super League in England such as Jarrod Sammut, Jake Mamo, the most famous player to come from Malta would be former South Sydney Rabbitohs, Mario Fenech. In 2016 Malta Rugby League had 285 players, with the large majority based in Australia.
Rugby union is also played in Malta, In October 2021 the national men's team was ranked 41st in the world. They have recently been achieving success, defeating teams including Sweden, Croatia and Latvia. In 2018, Malta achieved its largest win against Andorra, that of 89-3. As of 2016 Malta Rugby Union had 2,480 registered players.
Motorsport
Motorsport includes drag racing represented by the Malta Drag Racing Association, with recent high ranking Maltese dragsters in official FIA European championships. There is also autocross (ASMK), hill climb (Island Car Club), motocross, karting and banger racing championships.
Basketball
In 2020, Malta got its first-ever female head coach leading a men’s Division One basketball team. It was Silvia Gambino who started the position at Mellieħa S.C. Libertas.
Volleyball
Malta has a first division for women's volleyball teams. The president of the national federation MVA has been Jesmond Saliba.
Snooker
Malta also hosts a snooker round, the Malta Cup, which became a non-ranking event. In 2008 Malta's Tony Drago was a member of a victorious European Mosconi Cup team, which was played in Portomaso, Malta. Claudio Cassar was World Blackball Champion in 2014.
Boxing
Boxer Jeff Fenech is of Maltese descent. Recently contact sports such as Boxing and Kickboxing have become increasingly popular.
Watersports
Malta is a good place for surfing and offers a lot of different surf spots. During winter time most of the beaches transform into surfer hangouts.
Cricket
Malta are an affiliate member of the ICC & has full Twenty20 International status. Home games are played at Marsa. In 2020 there was a T20 summer domestic league consisting of 12 teams, and in 2019 a 50-over winter league which comprised 5 teams.
Along with other sports, tennis is a popular activity in Malta and Gozo. The islands offer a wide range of options for both beginners and elite players. Clubs are spread out across Malta and games are being played on a regular basis all year around.
There are over 1,200 rock climbing routes in Malta. The island offers a mixture of both trad climbing and sport climbing and also offers a good variety of bouldering and deep water soloing. The geography and small size of the island makes the climbing easily accessible. The sport is growing in popularity with local communities, as well as tourists and visitors.
List of sports teams in Malta
See also
Malta Olympic Committee
Maltese National Regatta
Maltese National Badminton Championships
Malta Sailing Federation
Handball Malta and Malta Handball Association
Aquatic Sports Association of Malta
References
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20478864
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Gaudron
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Gérard Gaudron
|
Gérard Gaudron (born May 26, 1949 in Évans, Jura) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1949 births
Living people
People from Jura (department)
Politicians from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
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44507265
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narasingha%20Malla%20Deb
|
Narasingha Malla Deb
|
Narasingha Malla Deb, O.B.E. (22 January 1907 – 11 November 1976) was a member of the Parliament of India and the 18th Raja of Jhargram, which he led from 1916 until the abolition of zamindaris by the West Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act of 1950.
Early years and accession
Narasingha Malla Deb's ancestors traveled from Rajasthan with Man Singh to conquer the Bengal region on behalf of the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. They defeated the local Malla tribal rulers and took the name Malla Deb. The family belonged to the Chauhan clan of Rajputs.
Narasingha was the only son of Chandi Charan Malla Deb, the titular Raja of Jhargram, and his wife, Rani Kumud Kumari, the princess of Dhalbhumgarh. His father died when he was a child, and Narasingha assumed his titles and responsibilities after nine years of control by the Court of Wards. He was enthroned shortly afterward.
He and his sister, Vishnupriya, were raised by their mother. The governor of Bengal appointed Professor Debendra Mohan Bhattacharya of Dacca to groom Narasingha as a zamindar. As a child, he was sent to Midnapore Collegiate School and then to Presidency College in Kolkata, where he obtained a degree in history.
With his full name and title, Narasingha was known as Raja Bahadur Narasingha Malla Ugal Sanda Deb,OBE, Zamindar, Jhargram.
Work as Zamindar
From 1922 to 1950, with Professor Battacharya as administrator, Jhargram developed into a township, and many educational institutions were established. The Kumud Kumari Institution was founded in 1924. In 1925, an annual sports fund was created to encourage athletic activities and to construct a football stadium and the Jhargram Club. Malla Deb established Jhargram Agricultural College, which was later renamed Jhargram Raj College, as well as Vidyasagar Polytechnic for industrial training. He provided funds to set up Sri Ramkrishna Saradapeeth Girls High School and Bharat Sevashram Sangha. In 1931, he commissioned a new palace on 23 acres of land; it is a prominent example of Indo-Saracenic architecture. During World War II, he constructed Dudhkundi Airfield for the United States Air Force and provided the Allied forces with elephants, vehicles, and other help.
With the consent of the governor of Bengal, Malla Deb established a hospital for lower-class residents of Jhargram in his late father's name: Chandi Charan Charitable Hospital. Later, similar hospitals were established in every tehsil to serve nearby villages. The zamindar donated land to the Roman Catholic Church of India and to the Muslim community to build Nurrani Jama Masjid, a mosque, in Jhargram. In 1947, more land was acquired, and the Rani Binode Manjuri Government Girls' School—now one of the premier schools in Midnapore—was built.
In Midnapore, he founded the Tuberculosis Chest Clinic and the Homeopathic College, and gave donations for the construction of the Vidyasagar Memorial and the purchase of books for a library. He also bore all of the expenses to build the Midnapore Club and Jhargram Stadium. (It was renamed Aurobinda Stadium after his death.) Between 1928 and 1950, he contributed hundreds of thousands of rupees to welfare causes. In 1947, he gave 10,000 bighas of land to poor farmers, making him the single largest land donor in West Bengal. His beneficiaries ranged from the Kolkata Bangiya Sahitya Parishad to New Delhi Kali Bari.
After losing his zamindari, Malla Deb served for two terms as a member of the Legislative Council of Bengal. He also served in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament.
Personal life
In 1930, Malla Deb married Binode Manjari Devi, daughter of the Lal Saheb Girish Chandra Bhanja Deo of Mayurbhanj, a major feudal state in Odisha. They had two children: a son, Yuvraj Birendra Bijoy Malla Deb, born in 1931, and a daughter, Rajkumari Savitri Devi, born in 1943. After his first wife died in 1944, he married Rupa Manjari Devi, with whom he had two daughters: Rajkumari Gayatri Devi and Rajkumari Jayshree Devi.
He was an angler and hunter, for which he won trophies that are still kept in the Jhargram Palace. He went to Odisha for hunting with his friend Zaminder Krishnananda Hota, Zaminder of Dubrajpur He was also a photographer and won international prizes from the United States, Switzerland, Singapore, and the Soviet Union. He had a deep knowledge of Vaishnav Sangeet music and organized regular concerts at the palace.
Malla Deb died on 11 November 1976 in Kolkata.
Legacy
Malla Deb was known for working to rehabilitate Bengali Hindus from East Bengal in Jhargram and Midnapore during the partition of India. After India gained its independence, he owned businesses in Kolkata and large real estate properties in Kolkata, Midnapore, and Digha. His son Yuvraj Birendra Bijoy got involved in politics and was a two-time member of the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal from Jhargram's Vidhan Sabha constituency, representing the Indian National Congress. His son Shivendra Bijoy Malla Deb—Narasingha Malla Deb's grandson—is a social worker and politician associated with the All India Trinamool Congress, and the chairman of Jhargram Municipality.
Honours
King George V Silver Jubilee Medal
Officer of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, bestowed on him by King George VI on 12 June 1941.
Raja title , conferred upon him by Lord Wavell the Viceroy of India on 8 June 1944
See also
Jhargram Raj
Jhargram Palace
Jhargram Raj College
References
1907 births
1976 deaths
Members of the Parliament of India
West Bengal politicians
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44507267
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aporodes%20dentifascialis
|
Aporodes dentifascialis
|
Aporodes dentifascialis is a moth of the family Crambidae. It was described by Hugo Theodor Christoph in 1887 and is found in Azerbaijan.
External links
Moths described in 1887
Odontiini
Moths of Asia
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20478867
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Hamel
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Gérard Hamel
|
Gérard Hamel (born February 21, 1945 in Sourdun, Seine-et-Marne) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Eure-et-Loir's 2nd constituency from 1993 to 2012 as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1945 births
Living people
People from Seine-et-Marne
Politicians from Île-de-France
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Debout la France politicians
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Mayors of places in Centre-Val de Loire
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44507277
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horcher
|
Horcher
|
Horcher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Darrell Horcher (born 1987), American mixed martial artist
Paul Horcher (born 1951), American politician
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20478874
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Lorgeoux
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Gérard Lorgeoux
|
Gérard Lorgeoux (born August 21, 1943 in Plumelin) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Morbihan's 3rd constituency from 2002 to 2012
as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1943 births
Living people
People from Morbihan
Politicians from Brittany
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
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26720553
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riviera%20Nayarit%20Classic
|
Riviera Nayarit Classic
|
The Riviera Nayarit Classic was an annual golf tournament for professional women golfers on the Symetra Tour, the LPGA Tour's developmental tour. It was the first full-field event on the Symetra Tour to be played outside the United States. It is played at El Tigre Golf and Country Club in Nuevo Vallarta, Nayarit, Mexico.
The tournament was a 54-hole event, as are most Symetra Tour tournaments, and included pre-tournament pro-am, in which local amateur golfers can play with the professional golfers from the Tour as a benefit for local charities.
Tournament names through the years:
2010: Riviera Nayarit Classic
2011: Santorini Riviera Nayarit Classic
2012: Riviera Nayarit Classic
Winners
Tournament records
References
External links
Symetra Tour official website
Former Symetra Tour events
Golf tournaments in Mexico
Sport in Nayarit
Recurring sporting events established in 2010
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2012
2010 establishments in Mexico
2012 disestablishments in Mexico
Defunct sports competitions in Mexico
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20478878
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Millet
|
Gérard Millet
|
Gérard Millet (born January 20, 1939 in Melun, Seine-et-Marne) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Seine-et-Marne department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1939 births
Living people
People from Melun
Politicians from Île-de-France
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Knights of the National Order of Merit (France)
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20478884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Voisin
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Gérard Voisin
|
Gérard Voisin (born August 18, 1945 in Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Saône-et-Loire department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1945 births
Living people
People from Mâcon
Politicians from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Union for French Democracy politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
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20478887
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Cuq
|
Henri Cuq
|
Henri Cuq (12 March 1942 – 11 June 2010) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Yvelines department, and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1942 births
2010 deaths
Politicians from Toulouse
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Government ministers of France
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deaths from cancer in France
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26720557
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renato%20Anselmi
|
Renato Anselmi
|
Renato Anselmi (26 October 1891 – 3 October 1973) was an Italian fencer. He won a gold and two silver medals at three Olympic Games in the team sabre competitions.
References
External links
1891 births
1973 deaths
People from Marigliano
Italian male fencers
Olympic fencers of Italy
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Olympic silver medalists for Italy
Olympic medalists in fencing
Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from the Province of Naples
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20478892
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Nayrou
|
Henri Nayrou
|
Henri Nayrou (born 21 November 1944 in Suc-et-Sentenac, Ariège) is a French journalist and politician who has been president of the departmental council of Ariège since November 2014. A member of the French Socialist Party, he represented the 2nd constituency of Ariège in the National Assembly from 1997 to 2012.
References
1944 births
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians
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6907585
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet%20germicidal%20irradiation
|
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
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Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet (ultraviolet C or UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying nucleic acids and disrupting their DNA, leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions. UVGI is used in a variety of applications, such as food, air, and water purification.
UV-C light is weak at the Earth's surface since the ozone layer of the atmosphere blocks it. UVGI devices can produce strong enough UV-C light in circulating air or water systems to make them inhospitable environments to microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, molds, and other pathogens. UVGI can be coupled with a filtration system to sanitize air and water.
The application of UVGI to disinfection has been an accepted practice since the mid-20th century. It has been used primarily in medical sanitation and sterile work facilities. Increasingly, it has been employed to sterilize drinking and wastewater since the holding facilities are enclosed and can be circulated to ensure a higher exposure to the UV. UVGI has found renewed application in air purifiers.
History
In 1878, Arthur Downes and Thomas P. Blunt published a paper describing the sterilization of bacteria exposed to short-wavelength light. UV has been a known mutagen at the cellular level for over 100 years. The 1903 Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded to Niels Finsen for his use of UV against lupus vulgaris, tuberculosis of the skin.
Using UV light for disinfection of drinking water dates back to 1910 in Marseille, France. The prototype plant was shut down after a short time due to poor reliability. In 1955, UV water treatment systems were applied in Austria and Switzerland; by 1985 about 1,500 plants were employed in Europe. In 1998 it was discovered that protozoa such as cryptosporidium and giardia were more vulnerable to UV light than previously thought; this opened the way to wide-scale use of UV water treatment in North America. By 2001, over 6,000 UV water treatment plants were operating in Europe.
Over time, UV costs have declined as researchers develop and use new UV methods to disinfect water and wastewater. Several countries have published regulations and guidance for the use of UV to disinfect drinking water supplies Examples include the US. and in the UK.
Method of operation
UV light is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays. UV is categorised into several wavelength ranges, with short-wavelength UV (UV-C) considered "germicidal UV". Wavelengths between about 200 nm and 300 nm are strongly absorbed by nucleic acids. The absorbed energy can result in defects including pyrimidine dimers. These dimers can prevent replication or can prevent the expression of necessary proteins, resulting in the death or inactivation of the organism.
Mercury-based lamps operating at low vapor pressure emit UV light at the 253.7 nm line.
Ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-C LED) lamps emit UV light at selectable wavelengths between 255 and 280 nm.
Pulsed-xenon lamps emit UV light across the entire UV spectrum with a peak emission near 230 nm.
This process is similar to, but stronger than, the effect of longer wavelengths (UV-B) producing sunburn in humans. Microorganisms have less protection against UV and cannot survive prolonged exposure to it.
A UVGI system is designed to expose environments such as water tanks, sealed rooms and forced air systems to germicidal UV. Exposure comes from germicidal lamps that emit germicidal UV at the correct wavelength, thus irradiating the environment. The forced flow of air or water through this environment ensures exposure.
Effectiveness
The effectiveness of germicidal UV depends on the duration a microorganism is exposed to UV, the intensity and wavelength of the UV radiation, the presence of particles that can protect the microorganisms from UV, and a microorganism's ability to withstand UV during its exposure.
In many systems, redundancy in exposing microorganisms to UV is achieved by circulating the air or water repeatedly. This ensures multiple passes so that the UV is effective against the highest number of microorganisms and will irradiate resistant microorganisms more than once to break them down.
"Sterilization" is often misquoted as being achievable. While it is theoretically possible in a controlled environment, it is very difficult to prove and the term "disinfection" is generally used by companies offering this service as to avoid legal reprimand. Specialist companies will often advertise a certain log reduction, e.g., 6-log reduction or 99.9999% effective, instead of sterilization. This takes into consideration a phenomenon known as light and dark repair (photoreactivation and base excision repair, respectively), in which a cell can repair DNA that has been damaged by UV light.
The effectiveness of this form of disinfection depends on line-of-sight exposure of the microorganisms to the UV light. Environments where design creates obstacles that block the UV light are not as effective. In such an environment, the effectiveness is then reliant on the placement of the UVGI system so that line of sight is optimum for disinfection.
Dust and films coating the bulb lower UV output. Therefore, bulbs require periodic cleaning and replacement to ensure effectiveness. The lifetime of germicidal UV bulbs varies depending on design. Also, the material that the bulb is made of can absorb some of the germicidal rays.
Lamp cooling under airflow can also lower UV output. Increases in effectiveness and UV intensity can be achieved by using reflection. Aluminum has the highest reflectivity rate versus other metals and is recommended when using UV.
One method for gauging UV effectiveness in water disinfection applications is to compute UV dose. EPA published UV dosage guidelines for water treatment applications in 1986. UV dose cannot be measured directly but can be inferred based on the known or estimated inputs to the process:
Flow rate (contact time)
Transmittance (light reaching the target)
Turbidity (cloudiness)
Lamp age or fouling or outages (reduction in UV intensity)
In air and surface disinfection applications the UV effectiveness is estimated by calculating the UV dose which will be delivered to the microbial population. The UV dose is calculated as follows:
UV dose (μW·s/cm2) = UV intensity (μW/cm2) × exposure time (seconds)
The UV intensity is specified for each lamp at a distance of 1 meter. UV intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance so it decreases at longer distances. Alternatively, it rapidly increases at distances shorter than 1m. In the above formula, the UV intensity must always be adjusted for distance unless the UV dose is calculated at exactly from the lamp. Also, to ensure effectiveness, the UV dose must be calculated at the end of lamp life (EOL is specified in number of hours when the lamp is expected to reach 80% of its initial UV output) and at the furthest distance from the lamp on the periphery of the target area. Some shatter-proof lamps are coated with a fluorated ethylene polymer to contain glass shards and mercury in case of breakage; this coating reduces UV output by as much as 20%.
To accurately predict what UV dose will be delivered to the target, the UV intensity, adjusted for distance, coating, and end of lamp life, will be multiplied by the exposure time. In static applications the exposure time can be as long as needed for an effective UV dose to be reached. In case of rapidly moving air, in AC air ducts, for example, the exposure time is short, so the UV intensity must be increased by introducing multiple UV lamps or even banks of lamps. Also, the UV installation must be located in a long straight duct section with the lamps perpendicular to the airflow to maximize the exposure time.
These calculations actually predict the UV fluence and it is assumed that the UV fluence will be equal to the UV dose. The UV dose is the amount of germicidal UV energy absorbed by a microbial population over a period of time. If the microorganisms are planktonic (free floating) the UV fluence will be equal the UV dose. However, if the microorganisms are protected by mechanical particles, such as dust and dirt, or have formed biofilm a much higher UV fluence will be needed for an effective UV dose to be introduced to the microbial population.
Inactivation of microorganisms
The degree of inactivation by ultraviolet radiation is directly related to the UV dose applied to the water. The dosage, a product of UV light intensity and exposure time, is usually measured in microjoules per square centimeter, or equivalently as microwatt seconds per square centimeter (μW·s/cm2). Dosages for a 90% kill of most bacteria and viruses range between 2,000 and 8,000 μW·s/cm2. Larger parasites such as cryptosporidium require a lower dose for inactivation. As a result, US EPA has accepted UV disinfection as a method for drinking water plants to obtain cryptosporidium, giardia or virus inactivation credits. For example, for a 90% reduction of cryptosporidium, a minimum dose of 2,500 μW·s/cm2 is required based on EPA's 2006 guidance manual.
Strengths and weaknesses
Advantages
UV water treatment devices can be used for well water and surface water disinfection. UV treatment compares favourably with other water disinfection systems in terms of cost, labour and the need for technically trained personnel for operation. Water chlorination treats larger organisms and offers residual disinfection, but these systems are expensive because they need special operator training and a steady supply of a potentially hazardous material. Finally, boiling of water is the most reliable treatment method but it demands labour and imposes a high economic cost. UV treatment is rapid and, in terms of primary energy use, approximately 20,000 times more efficient than boiling.
Disadvantages
UV disinfection is most effective for treating high-clarity, purified reverse osmosis distilled water. Suspended particles are a problem because microorganisms buried within particles are shielded from the UV light and pass through the unit unaffected. However, UV systems can be coupled with a pre-filter to remove those larger organisms that would otherwise pass through the UV system unaffected. The pre-filter also clarifies the water to improve light transmittance and therefore UV dose throughout the entire water column. Another key factor of UV water treatment is the flow rate—if the flow is too high, water will pass through without sufficient UV exposure. If the flow is too low, heat may build up and damage the UV lamp.
A disadvantage of UVGI is that while water treated by chlorination is resistant to reinfection (until the chlorine off-gasses), UVGI water is not resistant to reinfection. UVGI water must be transported or delivered in such a way as to avoid reinfection.
Safety
To humans
UV light is hazardous to most living things. Skin exposure to germicidal wavelengths of UV light can produce rapid sunburn and skin cancer. Exposure of the eyes to this UV radiation can produce extremely painful inflammation of the cornea and temporary or permanent vision impairment, up to and including blindness in some cases. Common precautions are:
Warning labels warn humans about dangers of UV light. In home settings with children and pets, doors are additionally necessary.
Interlock systems. Shielded systems where the light is blocked inside, such as a closed water tank or closed air circulation system, often has interlocks that automatically shut off the UV lamps if the system is opened for access by humans. Clear viewports that block UVC are available.
Protective gear. Most protective eyewear (in particular, all ANSI Z87.1-compliant eyewear) block UVC. Clothing, plastics, and most types of glass (but not fused silica) are effective in blocking UVC.
Another potential danger is the UV production of ozone, which can be harmful when inhaled. US EPA designated 0.05 parts per million (ppm) of ozone to be a safe level. Lamps designed to release UV and higher frequencies are doped so that any UV light below 254 nm wavelengths will not be released, to minimize ozone production. A full-spectrum lamp will release all UV wavelengths and produce ozone when UV-C hits oxygen (O2) molecules.
The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Committee on Physical Agents has established a threshold limit value (TLV) for UV exposure to avoid such skin and eye injuries among those most susceptible. For 254 nm UV, this TLV is 6 mJ/cm2 over an eight-hour period. The TLV function differs by wavelengths because of variable energy and potential for cell damage. This TLV is supported by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and is used in setting lamp safety standards by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. When the Tuberculosis Ultraviolet Shelter Study was planned, this TLV was interpreted as if eye exposure in rooms was continuous over eight hours and at the highest eye-level irradiance found in the room. In those highly unlikely conditions, a 6.0 mJ/cm2 dose is reached under the ACGIH TLV after just eight hours of continuous exposure to an irradiance of 0.2 μW/cm2. Thus, 0.2 μW/cm2 was widely interpreted as the upper permissible limit of irradiance at eye height.
According to the FDA, a germicidal excimer lamp that emits 222 nm Far-UVC light instead of the common 254 nm light is safer to mamallian skin.
To items
UVC radiation is able to break down chemical bonds. This leads to rapid aging of plastics, insulation, gaskets, and other materials. Note that plastics sold to be "UV-resistant" are tested only for the lower-energy UVB since UVC does not normally reach the surface of the Earth. When UV is used near plastic, rubber, or insulation, these materials may be protected by metal tape or aluminum foil.
Uses
Air disinfection
UVGI can be used to disinfect air with prolonged exposure. In the 1930s and 40s, an experiment in public schools in Philadelphia showed that upper-room ultraviolet fixtures could significantly reduce the transmission of measles among students. In 2020, UVGI is again being researched as a possible countermeasure against COVID-19.
UV and violet light are able to neutralize the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Viral titers usually found in the sputum of COVID-19 patients are completely inactivated by levels of UV-A and UV-B irradiation that are similar to those levels experienced from natural sun exposure. This finding suggests that the reduced incidence of SARS-COV-2 in the summer may be, in part, due to the neutralizing activity of solar UV irradiation.
Various UV-emitting devices can be used for SARS-CoV-2 disinfection, and these devices may help in reducing the spread of infection. SARS-CoV-2 can be inactivated by a wide range of UVC wavelengths, and the wavelength of 222nm provides the most effective disinfection performance.
Disinfection is a function of UV intensity and time. For this reason, it is in theory not as effective on moving air, or when the lamp is perpendicular to the flow, as exposure times are dramatically reduced. However, numerous professional and scientific publications have indicated that the overall effectiveness of UVGI actually increases when used in conjunction with fans and HVAC ventilation, which facilitate whole-room circulation that exposes more air to the UV source. Air purification UVGI systems can be free-standing units with shielded UV lamps that use a fan to force air past the UV light. Other systems are installed in forced air systems so that the circulation for the premises moves microorganisms past the lamps. Key to this form of sterilization is placement of the UV lamps and a good filtration system to remove the dead microorganisms. For example, forced air systems by design impede line-of-sight, thus creating areas of the environment that will be shaded from the UV light. However, a UV lamp placed at the coils and drain pans of cooling systems will keep microorganisms from forming in these naturally damp places.
Water disinfection
Ultraviolet disinfection of water is a purely physical, chemical-free process. Even parasites such as Cryptosporidium or Giardia, which are extremely resistant to chemical disinfectants, are efficiently reduced. UV can also be used to remove chlorine and chloramine species from water; this process is called photolysis, and requires a higher dose than normal disinfection. The dead microorganisms are not removed from the water. UV disinfection does not remove dissolved organics, inorganic compounds or particles in the water. The world's largest water disinfection plant treats drinking water for New York City. The Catskill-Delaware Water Ultraviolet Disinfection Facility, commissioned on 8 October 2013, incorporates a total of 56 energy-efficient UV reactors treating up to a day.
Ultraviolet can also be combined with ozone or hydrogen peroxide to produce hydroxyl radicals to break down trace contaminants through an advanced oxidation process.
It used to be thought that UV disinfection was more effective for bacteria and viruses, which have more-exposed genetic material, than for larger pathogens that have outer coatings or that form cyst states (e.g., Giardia) that shield their DNA from UV light. However, it was recently discovered that ultraviolet radiation can be somewhat effective for treating the microorganism Cryptosporidium. The findings resulted in the use of UV radiation as a viable method to treat drinking water. Giardia in turn has been shown to be very susceptible to UV-C when the tests were based on infectivity rather than excystation. It has been found that protists are able to survive high UV-C doses but are sterilized at low doses.
Developing countries
A 2006 project at University of California, Berkeley produced a design for inexpensive water disinfection in resource deprived settings. The project was designed to produce an open source design that could be adapted to meet local conditions. In a somewhat similar proposal in 2014, Australian students designed a system using potato chip (crisp) packet foil to reflect solar UV radiation into a glass tube that disinfects water without power.
Wastewater treatment
Ultraviolet in sewage treatment is commonly replacing chlorination. This is in large part because of concerns that reaction of the chlorine with organic compounds in the waste water stream could synthesize potentially toxic and long lasting chlorinated organics and also because of the environmental risks of storing chlorine gas or chlorine containing chemicals. Individual wastestreams to be treated by UVGI must be tested to ensure that the method will be effective due to potential interferences such as suspended solids, dyes, or other substances that may block or absorb the UV radiation. According to the World Health Organization, "UV units to treat small batches (1 to several liters) or low flows (1 to several liters per minute) of water at the community level are estimated to have costs of US$20 per megaliter, including the cost of electricity and consumables and the annualized capital cost of the unit."
Large-scale urban UV wastewater treatment is performed in cities such as Edmonton, Alberta. The use of ultraviolet light has now become standard practice in most municipal wastewater treatment processes. Effluent is now starting to be recognized as a valuable resource, not a problem that needs to be dumped. Many wastewater facilities are being renamed as water reclamation facilities, whether the wastewater is discharged into a river, used to irrigate crops, or injected into an aquifer for later recovery. Ultraviolet light is now being used to ensure water is free from harmful organisms.
Aquarium and pond
Ultraviolet sterilizers are often used to help control unwanted microorganisms in aquaria and ponds. UV irradiation ensures that pathogens cannot reproduce, thus decreasing the likelihood of a disease outbreak in an aquarium.
Aquarium and pond sterilizers are typically small, with fittings for tubing that allows the water to flow through the sterilizer on its way from a separate external filter or water pump. Within the sterilizer, water flows as close as possible to the ultraviolet light source. Water pre-filtration is critical as water turbidity lowers UV-C penetration.
Many of the better UV sterilizers have long dwell times and limit the space between the UV-C source and the inside wall of the UV sterilizer device.
Laboratory hygiene
UVGI is often used to disinfect equipment such as safety goggles, instruments, pipettors, and other devices. Lab personnel also disinfect glassware and plasticware this way. Microbiology laboratories use UVGI to disinfect surfaces inside biological safety cabinets ("hoods") between uses.
Food and beverage protection
Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a rule in 2001 requiring that virtually all fruit and vegetable juice producers follow HACCP controls, and mandating a 5-log reduction in pathogens, UVGI has seen some use in sterilization of juices such as fresh-pressed.
Technology
Lamps
Germicidal UV for disinfection is most typically generated by a mercury-vapor lamp. Low-pressure mercury vapor has a strong emission line at 254 nm, which is within the range of wavelengths that demonstrate strong disinfection effect. The optimal wavelengths for disinfection are close to 260 nm.
Mercury vapor lamps may be categorized as either low-pressure (including amalgam) or medium-pressure lamps. Low-pressure UV lamps offer high efficiencies (approx. 35% UV-C) but lower power, typically 1 W/cm power density (power per unit of arc length). Amalgam UV lamps utilize an amalgam to control mercury pressure to allow operation at a somewhat higher temperature and power density. They operate at higher temperatures and have a lifetime of up to 16,000 hours. Their efficiency is slightly lower than that of traditional low-pressure lamps (approx. 33% UV-C output), and power density is approximately 2–3 W/cm3. Medium-pressure UV lamps operate at much higher temperatures, up to about 800 degrees Celsius, and have a polychromatic output spectrum and a high radiation output but lower UV-C efficiency of 10% or less. Typical power density is 30 W/cm3 or greater.
Depending on the quartz glass used for the lamp body, low-pressure and amalgam UV emit radiation at 254 nm and also at 185 nm, which has chemical effects. UV radiation at 185 nm is used to generate ozone.
The UV lamps for water treatment consist of specialized low-pressure mercury-vapor lamps that produce ultraviolet radiation at 254 nm, or medium-pressure UV lamps that produce a polychromatic output from 200 nm to visible and infrared energy. The UV lamp never contacts the water; it is either housed in a quartz glass sleeve inside the water chamber or mounted externally to the water, which flows through the transparent UV tube. Water passing through the flow chamber is exposed to UV rays, which are absorbed by suspended solids, such as microorganisms and dirt, in the stream.
Light emitting diodes (LEDs)
Recent developments in LED technology have led to commercially available UV-C LEDs. UV-C LEDs use semiconductors to emit light between 255 nm and 280 nm. The wavelength emission is tuneable by adjusting the material of the semiconductor. , the electrical-to-UV-C conversion efficiency of LEDs was lower than that of mercury lamps. The reduced size of LEDs opens up options for small reactor systems allowing for point-of-use applications and integration into medical devices. Low power consumption of semiconductors introduce UV disinfection systems that utilized small solar cells in remote or Third World applications.
UV-C LEDs don't necessarily last longer than traditional germicidal lamps in terms of hours used, instead having more-variable engineering characteristics and better tolerance for short-term operation. A UV-C LED can achieve a longer installed time than a traditional germicidal lamp in intermittent use. Likewise, LED degradation increases with heat, while filament and HID lamp output wavelength is dependent on temperature, so engineers can design LEDs of a particular size and cost to have a higher output and faster degradation or a lower output and slower decline over time.
Water treatment systems
Sizing of a UV system is affected by three variables: flow rate, lamp power, and UV transmittance in the water. Manufacturers typically developed sophisticated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models validated with bioassay testing. This involves testing the UV reactor's disinfection performance with either MS2 or T1 bacteriophages at various flow rates, UV transmittance, and power levels in order to develop a regression model for system sizing. For example, this is a requirement for all public water systems in the United States per the EPA UV manual.
The flow profile is produced from the chamber geometry, flow rate, and particular turbulence model selected. The radiation profile is developed from inputs such as water quality, lamp type (power, germicidal efficiency, spectral output, arc length), and the transmittance and dimension of the quartz sleeve. Proprietary CFD software simulates both the flow and radiation profiles. Once the 3D model of the chamber is built, it is populated with a grid or mesh that comprises thousands of small cubes.
Points of interest—such as at a bend, on the quartz sleeve surface, or around the wiper mechanism—use a higher resolution mesh, whilst other areas within the reactor use a coarse mesh. Once the mesh is produced, hundreds of thousands of virtual particles are "fired" through the chamber. Each particle has several variables of interest associated with it, and the particles are "harvested" after the reactor. Discrete phase modeling produces delivered dose, head loss, and other chamber-specific parameters.
Reduction Equivalent Dose
When the modeling phase is complete, selected systems are validated using a professional third party to provide oversight and to determine how closely the model is able to predict the reality of system performance. System validation uses non-pathogenic surrogates such as MS 2 phage or Bacillus subtilis to determine the Reduction Equivalent Dose (RED) ability of the reactors. Most systems are validated to deliver 40 mJ/cm2 within an envelope of flow and transmittance.
To validate effectiveness in drinking water systems, the method described in the EPA UV guidance manual is typically used by US water utilities, whilst Europe has adopted Germany's DVGW 294 standard. For wastewater systems, the NWRI/AwwaRF Ultraviolet Disinfection Guidelines for Drinking Water and Water Reuse protocols are typically used, especially in wastewater reuse applications.
Background
Currently, the world is facing a food crisis due to poor agricultural practices, unfavorable weather conditions for agriculture, and natural disasters, among other forces that are beyond human control. Agricultural practices in the current times majorly rely on innovation and technology, and agricultural researchers have been so keen to study and propose the most efficient ways of production (Spindler et al., 2020). With the current rate at which the global population is increasing, there is a great need to increase food production to be able to feed the world, and one of the ways is by increasing the rate at which good is grown and harvested. Various methods have been proposed by researchers, including the use of greenhouses and genetic modification of plants and animals to be able to resist such things as diseases, increase growth rate and reduce maturity time. Some studies have suggested cross-breeding. However, most of these methods have proven to be less sufficient and have led to such things as undesired mutations (Spindler et al., 2020). Therefore, it is important to consider the safety of consumers in proposing and developing agricultural practices, and that is why it is important to grow food organically for human consumption. The use of ultraviolet light is one of the methods that have been studied and proven to be safer for the production of food for human consumption compared to the use of natural light.
Naturally, seeds need light for germination. Plants need light for photosynthesis and growth. Natural light is the light that directly comes from the sun and hits the surface of the earth, including farmlands (Spindler et al., 2020). Plants naturally use natural sunlight. Ultraviolet light constitutes about 10 percent of the total radiation output that comes from the sun (Spindler et al., 2020), and this is specifically the light that plants need to manufacture food through photosynthesis and germinate. Therefore, when plants grow naturally, they only receive about 10 percent of the total light that comes from the sun, which the seeds may use for germination (Garcia et al., 2019). However, agricultural researchers have determined that pure ultraviolet light may have catalytic characteristics for the growth and germination of seeds (Proietti et al., 2021). Therefore, experts have found ways of creating ultraviolet light using high temperatures on spectrums and by using the excitation of atoms through a discharge of gases in tubes in the spectrum of different wavelengths. Ultraviolet light has many applications, but its use in agriculture has been extensively exploited to increase food production.
Catalonia is one of the autonomous regions in Spain that is known for its rich agricultural industry, especially in the production of fruit and vegetables. The agricultural fields of Catalonia are about 60 thousand hectares, and because of its Mediterranean climate, the region is well endowed with natural resources, but the most applied agricultural practices are integrated (Spindler et al., 2020). One of the major fruit grown in the field is the tomato, and while most farming practices depend on natural light, some farmers have adopted the use of ultraviolet light to speed up the process of seed germination and growth (Proietti et al., 2021). However, more research needs to be conducted on how ultraviolet light may be more effective in the germination of tomato seeds in the region as compared to the use of natural light, while other factors are kept constant.
See also
HEPA filter
Portable water purification
Sanitation
Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures
Solar water disinfection
References
External links
International Ultraviolet Association
Radiobiology
Ultraviolet radiation
Hygiene
Waste treatment technology
Sterilization (microbiology)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keating%20residence%2C%20Indooroopilly
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Keating residence, Indooroopilly
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Keating House is a heritage-listed villa at 10-12 Westminster Road, Indooroopilly, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built . It is also known as Louis Stamm residence. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 May 1999.
History
This residence on Westminster Road, Indooroopilly, was constructed in about the 1890s as the home of Louis Stamm, a Brisbane-based business man. The building is thought to have been designed by prominent local architect, Richard Gailey. The building was last occupied as a residence in c. 1999.
During the 1880s and 1890s Indooroopilly developed as a fashionable suburb with the construction of a number of substantial residences. Louis Stamm, who later built the residence on Westminster Road, purchased a 42-acre block at Indooroopilly on 21 April 1873 only two years before the opening of the Indooroopilly railway station. The coming of the railway provided the major impetus to the development of the suburb. By the late 1880s government and social facilities, including a school, an hotel, shops and a carpenter were established in Indooroopilly.
Louis Stamm is variously described in sources as a merchant, newspaper proprietor and brewery owner in Queensland. He is listed in the Queensland Post Office Directories simply as a Justice of the Peace. Stamm subdivided the Indooroopilly property which included land adjacent to the railway station in 1875, the year that train services were established, and land was sold from this original allotment during the next twenty years encouraging further growth of the suburb. Major suburban residences including Ross Roy, Claude William Chambers' own house dating from 1897; Henry Hunter's own house designed by him on Clarence Road in 1888; William Archdall's house on Station Road by Hunter and Corrie of 1891; Warwillah (Glencairn) for FC Bolton designed by Charles McLay in 1892; Riverton for James Cannan and Tighnabruaich for Henry Charles Stanley both designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley in the late 1880s; Newlands for Newman Wilson designed by Alexander Brown Wilson in 1889 and a number of houses designed by Oakden, Addison and Kemp including Warranoke for Gilson Foxton, Robert Rendle's house and George Henry Male Addison's own house, Fernbrook, all dating from the late 1880s-early 1890s.
This residence, which Louis Stamm constructed for his own use in the 1890s belongs to the tradition of these other houses. Louis Stamm is thought to have commissioned local architect, Richard Gailey to design the building. Gailey was commissioned for the design of a number of substantial residences in the late nineteenth century, including Moorlands, Glen Olive (his own house) and Verney. A description of early large homes in Indooroopilly appeared in the Brisbane Courier of 15 August 1931 which after listing a number of the houses mentioned above describes the house of Louis Stamm:
"...while the home of Mr LJ Keating, on Westminster-road was constructed to the design of the late Mr Richard Gailey and is considered to be one of the outstanding examples of residential architecture in Brisbane. It was built by Mr Keating's grandfather, the late Mr L. Stamm about 35 years ago and used to be occupied by the late Dr Hawkes, Mr HR Boer (at one time Attorney General), Mr T Daley, solicitor and other prominent citizens."
It seems that Louis Stamm may never have lived in this house, as his residence is listed most often as at 25 Herbert Street, Spring Hill. Stamm was an early Chairman of the Indooroopilly Divisional Board when it separated from Taringa Division and Toowong Division. By 1885 Stamm retained only of his original Indooroopilly allotment and this was mortgaged to Henry Love who subdivided it in the late 1880s. Stamm retained lots 71, 72 and 73 of Portion 46 and this transfer from Love was recorded in 1898. Stamm is thought to have built the house at about this time. The residence appears to have been leased to a number of people during the years from its construction to the 1920s when the Keating family moved there.
Stamm died in 1903 and the house and land were passed to his daughter Mary Louisa Keating, who had married Andrew Keating in 1884. Mary Louisa and Andrew had two children, Louis Joseph and Margaret Francis. Louis Keating and his wife, Eileen Matilda, moved into the residence on Westminster Road in 1924. Eileen Matilda died and Louis remarried, Eileen Phillis. Following the death of Louis Keating, Eileen Phillis Keating remained at the residence until early 1999.
During the 1920s or 1930s the house seems to have been extensively renovated. Much of the interior fittings and finishing of the present building, particularly on the ground floor, along with some external detailing, appear to date from this period rather than from the late 1900s from which the shell of the house dates.
The property was unoccupied after 1999 and was sold by the Public Trustee in 2002 to Amalek Pty Ltd. In 2008 Amalek were served with a maintenance notice to repair doors and windows, clear the drains and fence and mow the yard. As the building had not been well-secured, vandals had broken in resulting in damage and theft, allowing for subsequent rain damage. It was the first application of changes made by the Queensland Government to the Queensland Heritage Act 1992 to allow the government to force owners to maintain their heritage properties or pay a fine up to $75,000.
Description
The Keating Residence, Indooroopilly, is a substantial rendered brick two-storeyed house, prominently sited on a principal thoroughfare from Indooroopilly Railway Station to the Indooroopilly Shopping Centre. The building is apparent from many surrounding streets and is distinguished from other development in the area by its age and unusual architectural treatment.
The residence is a two-storeyed building, with unusual external features such as a pyramidal roofed tower on the principal elevation and extending its octagonal plan form down through the corner of the building. The building is essentially rectangular in plan with one of the short faces of the plan from facing Westminster Road being the principal facade of the building. The octagonal tower element projects from the south eastern corner of the plan.
The building has a complex roof structure, dominated by the tower element which is higher that the other roof elements. The entire roof and the awnings which line the faces of the building are clad with corrugated iron sheeting. A number of gabled projections extend from the face of the building. The gable ends are treated with diagonally battened panels incorporated into which are fine finials and drop mouldings. Variously sized gabled projections occur on each of the four faces of the building, from various points. This asymmetrical massing contributes to the overall picturesqueness of the structure.
Access is provided to the building from a two part stair extending from the Westminster Road footpath to the entrance door. The Westminster Road boundary of the property is bordered by a large rendered masonry fence which acts as a retaining wall, braced by a number of piers. The fence is capped with a row of face bricks. Centrally positioned in this fence is a wrought iron gate providing access to a series of concrete stair rendered with a red colouring. These stair reach a concrete landing level with the surrounding landform and from here a second series of concrete steps lead to the front door. This second series are flanked by a short rendered masonry wall with face brick capping.
The southern elevation which is the principal facade, has a central entrance bay, with the tower element to the east and a gabled projection to the west. The central entrance, to which access is provided via the already mentioned stairs, is a single timber framed and glazed door with an elliptical fanlight above. The glazing in these features and in most other openings throughout the building is arctic glass. The tower element is lined on both storeys with round arched window openings fitted with casements and a round arched transom above. Below the windows, which are separated by simple moulded pier-like elements is a concrete panel with six rectangular perforations, filled with glass bricks on the inside face. The ground floor of tower windows are shaded by an awning supported on oversized brackets and extending from the front door around to the eastern facade of the building. The gabled projection on the southern face of the building features a ground floor bay window which has a steeply pitched hipped awning supported in similarly oversized brackets. The upper floor of the gabled element features a central three part window opening, again shaded by an awning.
The entire building is lined with a series of concrete rendered mouldings, at base level forming a plinth; at the level of the sill of the ground floor windows; at the level of the base of the round arched windows above the ground floor windows; at the line of the first floor; at the line of the sills of the first floor windows and, again, at the top of these windows, below the arched transoms. This banding is variously smooth rendered and moulded. The western, eastern and northern faces of the building, continue the banded mouldings, fenestration patterns and gable detailing.
Internally, the two floors of the building are arranged around a central hall which continues northward from the position of the front door to the rear of the building. On the ground floor the front door provide access to a large porch area which incorporates the area of the tower element. The large proportion of window openings in the walls ensure that this porch area and a similar area on the first floor are naturally lit and ventilated. The flooring in the porch is of terrazzo tiles which have been formed into patterns reflecting the unusual planform of the spaces. French doors open onto the porches from internal rooms.
A large nineteenth-century doorway opens from the ground floor porch to the hallway of the house. It is thought that this was the original entrance to the building when the porches were only semi-enclosed prior to the renovations of 1920s. This doorway comprises a single timber panelled and moulded door flanked by sidelights and a transom panel above. The sidelights and transom feature leadlight panels. This door leads onto the hall, in the vicinity of the timber dog-leg stair. The stair features turned newel and balusters and is clad with stained timber boarding on the underside.
The hall of the ground floor, like most of the rooms on this floor is lined with timber panelling to a height of about . The hall features a number of plaster rendered archways supported on piers. The ceiling of the hall is plastered and without cornices.
The first room on the west of the hall from the doorway is a study, which has a large bay window into which is fitted a window seat. The three windows within the bay are fitted with leadlight panels. The walls of the study are lined with timber panelling surmounted by a plate rail supported on timber brackets aligned with the framing of the wall panelling. The ceiling of this room is lined with pressed metal, with a central panel, borders and cornices. Like this room the drawing room on the ground floor is lined with timber panelling with a plate rail and has elaborate pressed metal ceilings. A white marble fireplace and a large three part window opening with leadlight panels are features of this room. The dining room on the ground floor, which is in the north eastern corner of the building, is the only room on the ground floor which survives with a nineteenth century interior. The room has plaster walls, a plaster moulded cornice, a white marble fireplace with cast iron grate and surrounds and a tiled hearth.
The rooms on the upper floor have been more recently renovated, with s wall veneer panelling on all walls and plaster walls and ceilings. The windows are framed in original moulded timber framing. The ceiling of the first floor hall has been recently repaired with plasterboard.
Heritage listing
Keating Residence, Indooroopilly was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 May 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
The residence at 10-12 Westminster Road was constructed in the late 1890s and demonstrates the development of Indooroopilly at this time when a number of substantial, architect designed residences were built on large allotments.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
The building is an outstanding example of late nineteenth century architecture in its picturesque massing, unusual detailing and garden setting. The interiors of the house are of particular significance, with intact fittings and fixtures dating from the 1920s. In particular the timber wall panelling, pressed metal ceilings, carpeting, fixed furnishing and other fittings on the ground floor of the residence are of particular interest.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The residence has aesthetic and social value as a local landmark. The building is prominently sited on a principal thoroughfare and is distinguished by its unusual architectural treatment and age from the surrounding development.
References
Attribution
External links
Queensland Heritage Register
Heritage of Brisbane
Indooroopilly, Queensland
Houses in Brisbane
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
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17341064
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Snowden
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Christopher Snowden
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Sir Christopher Maxwell Snowden, (born 1956) is a British electronic engineer and academic. He is a former Vice-Chancellor of Surrey University (2005 to 2015) and of the University of Southampton (2015 to 2019). He was president of Universities UK for a two-year term until 31 July 2015 and is currently chairman of the ERA Foundation.
Biography
Early career
Snowden studied electronic and electrical engineering at the University of Leeds, gaining a BSc in 1977, an MSc and a PhD in 1982. His PhD involved microwave oscillators for radar applications and semiconductor device modelling. He conducted his PhD research at Racal-MESL Ltd near Edinburgh in Scotland as well as at the University of Leeds.
From 1977-78, Snowden was an applications engineer for Mullard Applications Laboratory. He lectured at the Department of Electronics in the University of York from 1982-83. From 1983-2005 he was a member of staff at the University of Leeds, his former alma mater, working in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, becoming professor of microwave engineering in 1992. He was head of the school from 1995–98 and briefly acted as warden of Bodington Hall. Whilst at Leeds he was a founder of the Institute of Microwave and Photonics and had 50 PhD students under his supervision. He also worked at M/A-COM in the US between 1989-91 as senior staff scientist in the Corporate Research and Development Centre, based just outside Boston.
In 1998, he was appointed to the board of Filtronic plc as Executive Director of Technology, where he initiated the Global Technology Group. He was subsequently appointed joint chief executive officer of Filtronic plc in 1999. As the company grew in 2001 he became chief executive officer of Filtronic ICS.
He was also a visiting professor at Durham University until 2005 and a visiting scientist at the Delft University of Technology from 1996-1998.
University of Surrey
Snowden was President and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Surrey from 2005 to 2015.
In 2009 he announced 65 job cuts, just weeks after the University announced it had successfully bid for £600,000 funding to help people at risk of losing their jobs during the recession. He was later criticized for proposing further job cuts despite the university being in £4m surplus at the time. Under his leadership, Surrey considered introducing metric measurement of staff performance based on the number of students achieving 60% or above and later considered a new threshold that staff needed to reach in student evaluations (3.8/5) if they were to avoid being targeted for special measures, the latter prompting UCU to consider a vote of no confidence in Snowden.
The University achieved 4th place in the 2016 Guardian University League Table rising from 6th place in 2015. Surrey was named University of the Year in The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2016. It came top in the 'best teaching' and 'best student experience' categories. This was despite an ongoing dispute with students and the UCU over cuts across the University.
Universities UK
Snowden was president of the 134-member Universities UK group (UUK), from 1 August 2013 to 31 July 2015. He succeeded Eric Thomas, the vice-chancellor of the University of Bristol and was succeeded by Dame Julia Goodfellow. From November 2012 to August 2013 Snowden held one of the vice-president positions of UUK, representing England and Northern Ireland, and from 2009 to 2011 he chaired their Employability, Business and Industry Policy Committee.
University of Southampton
On 20 March 2015, the University of Southampton announced that Snowden would become its new Vice Chancellor following the retirement of Professor Don Nutbeam, a move which took effect from October 2015.
In 2017, Snowden spearheaded the biggest investment program in Southampton's 155-year history, with a plan to invest over £600 million over the next decade. To do this, the University raised a £300 million bond.
In June 2017 Snowden spoke out against the Teaching Excellence Framework which had given Southampton University a Bronze rating, calling it "fundamentally flawed" and having "no value or credibility".
In 2018 the University of Southampton was awarded Silver rating, Snowden released a statement thanking those within the institution who had contributed and stating the rating was an assurance to students that their experience at the University of Southampton will translate into excellent graduate outcomes.
Snowden retired from his role at Southampton in Spring 2019. He will be succeeded as Vice-Chancellor by Professor Mark Smith.
Criticism of salary
From June 2017 Snowden's salary became part of the UK wide debate on Vice Chancellor's pay which had been started by criticism of the pay of Dame Glynis Breakwell Vice Chancellor of the University of Bath. Snowden's salary of £433,000 was among the higher salaries in the UK Higher Education sector and drew specific criticism from then Universities Minister Jo Johnson and Labour Peer Lord Adonis. In March 2018 The Guardian, in an article about UK Vice Chancellors pay, highlighted that Snowden's salary as the head of University of Southampton, was higher the chief executives of Southampton City Council(£166,786) or University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust(£195,000)
There was additional criticism of a substantial pay increase, including by UCU general Secretary Sally Hunt. However this was later clarified as being the difference between Snowden's payment for his first 10 months in his role in 2015-16 compared to his salary first full 12 months in employment in the academic year 2016-17.
The Chair of the University of Southampton's Council Gill Rider defended Snowden's level of remuneration as reflecting his experience.
Research
Snowden's research interests are in the areas of microwave, millimetre-wave and optoelectronic devices and circuits. He pioneered the application of numerical physical device models to comprehensively describe electron transport in microwave transistor operation and in particular investigating device-circuit interaction properties. This allowed transistor designs to be significantly improved and optimized. This work was specifically recognized in his election as a Fellow of the Royal Society and as a Fellow of the IEEE.
His early work was focused on two-dimensional numerical modelling. In particular, he worked on hot-electron effects in short-gate length field effect transistors (FETs), where he showed that the high energy electrons in transistor substrates contributed significantly to the conduction current. He also contributed to the development of new non-linear laser diode models which found particular application in emerging high data rate communication systems.
During the mid-1980s, along with colleagues in Lille and Duisburg universities, he explored the potential for a new class of physical model which became known as the quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) approach. This was shown to be extremely effective at modelling field-effect transistors such as the popular metal semiconductor FET (MESFET). Snowden's models were shown to have the ability to accurately predict the DC and RF performance based on the physical geometry and material properties available from fabrication data. Moreover, the Q2D model can be solved over 1000 times faster than full two-dimensional models, making it suitable for computer aided design applications. These models were widely used around the world in industry and academia. The models were used to develop high performance microwave transistors with highly predictable characteristics which went on to be manufactured in high volumes by several companies. One of the most successful was the 'hi-lo-hi' pulse-doped microwave transistor which achieved high breakdown voltages and was particularly suited to high volume manufacturing.
Snowden went on to apply this technique to high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), between 1995 and 2005 utilizing highly effective quantum charge-control models. It was shown to be an effective method for modelling and designing AlGaAs/GaAs HEMTs and the important pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (pHEMTs) based on InGaAs/GaAs systems. New designs of power pHEMT (some with capabilities of over 100 W at 2 GHz) were developed and fabricated using this knowledge, which achieved high breakdown voltages whilst retaining excellent signal gain at microwave frequencies. pHEMTs are widely used in communication applications and many billions of circuits based on pHEMT integrated circuits have been used in products such as mobile phones, radar and satellite receivers. More recently, since 2008 he has applied new Q2D models to laterally diffused MOS power transistors (LDMOS) for high power amplifiers in communications systems, achieving similar high levels of accurate prediction and speed advantage.
During the period 1990 to 1997 Snowden developed a new electrothermal physics-based equivalent circuit model for heterojunction bipolar transistors which was suited to power amplifier applications (widely used in cellular handsets). He was awarded the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Microwave Prize in 1999 for this work described in his 1997 paper "Large-signal Microwave Characterization of AlGaAs/GaAs HBT's Based on a Physics Based Electrothermal Model' (IEEE TMTT, MTT-45, pp. 58–71, 1997).
Snowden went on to develop further models based on incorporating the interaction between thermal effects and electronic behavior, which proved to be important in accurately modelling power transistor and in power amplifier designs. Subsequently, he developed this into fully integrated models incorporating electromagnetic effects into the physical models and demonstrating the significance of this type of global model for millimetre-wave circuits.
He also developed several novel techniques for integrating microwave, millimeter-wave and optical circuits and during his time at M/A-COM whilst working as Senior Staff Scientist he extended their glass microwave integrated circuit (GMIC) technology to photonics, introducing the concept of embedding light guides in the GMIC to allow photonic circuits and interfaces to solid-state lasers, detectors and high speed processors. He first presented these concepts at the 1991 IEEE LEOS conference and the concept was subsequently developed for use at 622Mbit/s in synchronous optical network (SONET) applications.
Snowden has written eight books including Introduction to Semiconductor Device Modelling, Introduction to Semiconductor Device Modelling and Introduction to Semiconductor Device Modelling He published one of the first interactive circuit analysis software packages for personal computers with Wiley in 1988. He has acted as editor for four journals and three special issues as well as the EEE Wiley book series. He has chaired a number of major international conferences including the 2006 European Microwave Conference.
Fellowships, memberships, societies and companies
Snowden is past-president of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) (2009–10). and until August 2013 he was vice-president of the Royal Academy of Engineering where he chaired the Academy's Engineering Policy Committee. In 2014 he was invited to be Deputy Chairman of the 2015 judging panel for the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering (QEPrize) and is now the Chair.
Snowden was appointed by the Prime Minister to his advisory Council for Science and Technology (CST) in 2011. He is also a member of the UK Government's Foresight Advisory Board.
Snowden was a member of the governing body of the UK's Innovate UK (previously known as the Technology Strategy Board (TSB)) 2009-2015. He was a member of the Council for Industry and Higher Education (CIHE) (CIHE), and is a current member of the Leadership Council for the National Centre for Universities and Business (NCUB). Between 2006 and 2012, he was a Member of the Council of the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).
He is a Fellow of the Royal Society (2005) and was a member of their Council (2012–13). He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (2000), the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) (1993), the IEEE (1996) and the City and Guilds of London Institute (2005).
He has been a member of Foresight Committee panels on Communications and Media, and Exploitation of the Electromagnetic Spectrum. He was a member of the UK's National Advisory Committee on Electronic Materials 2002-7. He was a member of the supervisory board of the Electromagnetic Remote Sensing Defense Technology Centre from 2002-5. He has appeared before the UK's House of Commons Select Committee on several occasions.
He was Chairman of the Daphne Jackson Trust from 2005 to 2009 and was a patron of the Trust until 2015. He was a patron of Surrey Youth Focus and Transform Housing & Support until 2015. He was a Governor of the Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation UK until 2011.
He has been a non-executive director of companies such as Intense Ltd, CENAMPS Ltd and SSTL. He was a Board member of the European Microwave Association from 2003-7, where he was also Vice-Chair for a period. He was Chair of HERO Ltd from 2006-9 and a Member of the governing board of the Engineering Technology Board from 2007-9.
He was a member of the South East England Science, Engineering and Technology Advisory Council (SESETAC) until 2011.
Honors and awards
He was awarded the IEEE Microwave Prize in 1999 for his research paper on microwave power transistors for communicating applications and the IEEE Distinguished Educator Award in 2009 by the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT).
The Royal Academy of Engineering awarded him their Silver Medal for 'Outstanding personal contributions to the UK microwave semiconductor industry' in 2004.
In 2009 he received the IEEE MTT Distinguished Educator Award for outstanding achievements as an educator, mentor and role model of microwave engineers and engineering students.
Snowden was knighted in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to engineering and higher education.
References
External links
Vice-Chancellor's Office – University of Surrey
EPSRC
1999 Microwave Prize at the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society
Announcement of becoming the Vice-Chancellor in July 2004
Independent August 1999
1956 births
Living people
People associated with the University of Surrey
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Knights Bachelor
British electronics engineers
English engineers
Vice-Chancellors of the University of Southampton
Academics of the University of Leeds
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20478900
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Plagnol
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Henri Plagnol
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Henri Plagnol (born February 11, 1961 in Paris) is a French politician who has served on the National Assembly. He represented the Val-de-Marne department, from 1997 to 2002, and again from 2007 to 2012. Throughout his legislature tenure, Plagnol has been affiliated with the Union for French Democracy, the Union for a Popular Movement and the Union of Democrats and Independents.
Plagnol served as deputy mayor of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés from 1997, and contested the office in 2008, after Jean-Louis Beaumont chose not to run for reelection. Plagnol remained mayor until 2014, when he lost reelection to Sylvain Berrios.
References
1961 births
Living people
Politicians from Paris
Union for French Democracy politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Union of Democrats and Independents politicians
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
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26720574
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayele%20Seteng
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Ayele Seteng
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Ayele Seteng (born 11 April 1955) is an Ethiopian-born Israeli long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon.
Personal life
He was born and raised in Ethiopia, and is of Beta Israel heritage. In 1991 he emigrated to Israel. He is also known as Haile Satayin, a variant of "Ayele Seteng". The different existing versions of his name are due to transliteration.
He stands tall and weighs about .
Career
Ayele Seteng won national Israeli titles before competing internationally. He achieved his personal best times on the track during the mid-1990s: 14:00.49 in the 5000 metres, achieved in 1996; and 29:04.08 in the 10,000 metres, achieved in 1995. He later converted fully to road running, and to some extent cross-country running.
He competed at the World Cross Country Championships in 1997, 1999 and 2000 without any success. One of his first marathons took place at the 2002 European Championships, where he finished 32nd. In 2004 he finished 12th at the 2004 World Half Marathon Championships and 20th at the 2004 Olympic Games. In 2005 he finished 26th at the 2005 World Half Marathon Championships, and 21st at the 2005 World Championships. He finished 18th at the 2006 European Championships, 19th at the 2007 World Championships and 69th at the 2008 Olympic Games.
At 49 years and 141 days, competing on behalf of Israel at the 2004 Summer Olympics, he was the oldest track and field athlete competing at the 2004 Olympics. At 53 years and 136 days, competing on behalf of Israel at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, he was the oldest athlete competing at the 2008 Olympics. He is reported to have once said "My age is old, but my heart is young."
His personal best times on the road are 1:03:43 in the half marathon, achieved in March 1997 in Tel Aviv; and 2:14:21 in the marathon, achieved in October 2003 in the Venice Marathon. Both these results are Israeli records.
"Running Movie" (Original title in Hebrew: Seret Ratz), a documentary directed by Omer Peled and produced by Gidi Avivi in 2011, follows Ayele Seteng, the oldest marathon runner to compete in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, and reveals his efforts to participate in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.
See also
List of Israeli records in athletics
References
External links
1955 births
Living people
Ethiopian Jews
Ethiopian emigrants to Israel
Citizens of Israel through Law of Return
Israeli male long-distance runners
Israeli male marathon runners
Olympic athletes of Israel
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Israeli people of Ethiopian-Jewish descent
Sportspeople of Ethiopian descent
Jewish male athletes (track and field)
Israeli Jews
World Athletics Championships athletes for Israel
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17341065
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Jenks
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Dave Jenks
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Dave Jenks (July 9, 1942 – September 14, 2021) was an American author and business person.
In 2003, with the release of The Millionaire Real Estate Agent, co-authored by Gary Keller and Jay Papasan, Jenks became a best-selling author when the book spent time on BusinessWeek's best-seller list. In 2005, they co-authored their second book, The Millionaire Real Estate Investor, which reached The New York Times best-seller list, as well as BusinessWeek's best-seller list.
History
Prior to joining Keller Williams in 1996, Jenks was president and CEO of Century 21 South Central States, based in Dallas, Texas. Jenks has been in the real estate industry since 1981, has taught for the Dale Carnegie Institute, and owned his own training company, The Leadership Connection Inc.
Jenks died on September 14, 2021, after filing a do not resuscitate order. He had been suffering from a melanoma and COVID-19 when he died.
References
1942 births
2021 deaths
American businesspeople
American business writers
American business theorists
Colgate University alumni
Michigan State University alumni
University at Albany, SUNY alumni
People from Lockport, New York
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20478906
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henriette%20Martinez
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Henriette Martinez
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Henriette Martinez (born July 10, 1949 in Laragne-Montéglin, Hautes-Alpes) was a member of the National Assembly of France. She represented Hautes-Alpes' 1st constituency, as a member of the Rally for the Republic from 1993 to 1997 and again as a member of Union for a Popular Movement from 2002 to 2012.
References
1949 births
Living people
People from Hautes-Alpes
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Popular Right
Mayors of places in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Women mayors of places in France
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians
20th-century French women politicians
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26720600
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnel%20Polytechnic
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Agnel Polytechnic
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Agnel Polytechnic is a polytechnic college which has adopted the education system from Maharashtra Board of Technical Education (MSBTE) located in Vashi [Juhu Nagar] the heart of Navi Mumbai, a satellite city to the metropolis of Mumbai in Maharashtra, India. It is the 'first and only' educational institution accredited by the National Board of Accreditation in Navi Mumbai. The technical institute offers diploma courses in the fields of electronics and telecommunications engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering and automobile engineering. The college is dominantly controlled by the principal Mrs Saly Antony. It is a part of the Father Agnel Ashram's family of educational institutions spread across India subsidiary to the Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology. It is popularly known as the 'Fr. Agnel Polytechnic.'
Campus
Agnel Polytechnic is located in the Agnel Technical Education Complex, Sector - 9A,Juhu Nagar Vashi. It stands besides the biggest Mosque in Navi Mumbai. The whole campus is designed for the urban outlook. It mainly consists of the engineering college, the Central Library and then the Polytechnic, canteen, workshop, quarters and Father Saturnino Almeida's residence, Omkar all the way around the large campus. It is the largest campus in Navi Mumbai. College staff are given the facility to stay in the quarters with their families.
Student activities
The Agnel council was formed in the year 2004. From this year onwards various events are being conducted by the staff and students of the institute for the overall development of the students, for example, Technocratz (Technical event), Zest (Sports festival), Resonance (Cultural festival) and other activities such as alumni meet. This also includes an Agnel Social Cell to enable the students to understand and serve the society.
See also
University of Mumbai
Agnel Ashram
Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues College of Engineering (FCRCE)
External links
Agnel Polytechnic, Vashi
Agnel Student Council
Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology (FCRIT), Vashi
Education in Navi Mumbai
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu%20dress
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Jammu dress
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The people of Jammu have the following traditional clothing:
Ghagra choli
It is traditional for women to wear ghagra choli and the scarf ensemble which was also popular in the Punjab. It is still traditional for women to wear the kurta with a lehnga,< as an alternative to the suthan and kurta.
Peshwaj
The traditional ghagra choli was then replaced by the peshwaj for women which flows to the ankles which would sometimes be worn with a suthan (very loose pants with many folds). The men would wear the Jamma (Mughal style shirt) with the suthan.
Suthan and kurta
The traditional dress for men and women is to wear the suthan and kurta but the styles are gender-specific.
Dogri suthan
The traditional Dogri suthan is wide at the top, roomy at the legs and has numerous pleats at the ankles.
Modern suthan
However, the modern style of suthan worn in Jammu is a remnant of the tight suthan which was once popular throughout the Punjab region. It is very loose at the top but is very tight from the knees to the ankles.
However, the style is now more popular in Jammu and Himachal Pradesh as the tight suthan is useful in the hills. When worn by men, the drawers are called ghuttana and when worn by women, the suthan (in a variety of colours). When the tight part of the suthan, up to the knees, has multiple close fitting folds, the suthan is referred to as Dogri pants or Dogri suthan, in Jammu and churidar suthan in Himachal Pradesh. It is also worn in the hilly area of the Punjab region. In Jammu, members of all communities wear the suthan.
The traditional Dogri kurta for men is open at the front and flares out from the waist to the knees. The kurta for women tends to be long and cut straight, a style adopted from neighbouring Punjab, as local culture shares an affinity with the Punjab region, especially the southern area.
Churidar pajama
The churidar pajama, also called churidar suthan, which forms part of the traditional attire of men and women in Punjab is a combination of the tight suthan of the Punjab region and the traditional Dogri loose suthan. Accordingly, the churidar pajama is believed to be derived from the suthan. The Churidar pajama is popular all over the sub-continent and was developed in the Punjab region, and is associated with the Punjab.
References
Culture of Jammu and Kashmir
Indian clothing
Indian fashion
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20478909
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermore%20v.%20Waite
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Livermore v. Waite
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Livermore V. Waite is an 1894 California Supreme Court ruling that limits the power of the legislature in making amendments to the California Constitution by ruling that the power to change to the constitution cannot be delegated to any individual, as the sovereign power rests with the people
The decision was met with the full concurrence of the court, with the majority opinion authored by Justice Harrison and the concurring opinion authored by Justice Paterson.
Background
In the session of congress prior to this case, congress approved by a two-thirds majority in each house, an amendment to the constitution changing section 1 of article XX of the constitution to change the capital of California from Sacramento to San Jose pending a two-thirds approval by the electorate, a donation of ten acres in San Jose to the state, and one million dollars for the move. It also authorized the Governor, Secretary of State, and Attorney General to approve the site and upon approval and transferring the one million dollars into the state treasury, the legislature would provide for the erection of the building, and the removal of the capital at Sacramento.
As a taxpayer and citizen, Horatio Livermore brought action against the secretary of state to restrain from publishing in the statutes, and sending to the county clerks of the state, the proposed senate constitutional amendment because he felt that congress had out stepped its authority in making this amendment, and that it would be inoperative if approved by the people. This would result in an improper expenditure of public money.
The lower court ruled in the plaintiff Livermore's favor, to which the defendant Waite appealed and the Supreme Court affirmed the decision, finding the amendment to be unconstitutional.
Opinion
The constitution can be changed in two methods, a revision to the constitution by delegates in a convention with the purpose of revising the entire document, in which the limitations are set only by the United States Constitution.
The second is by adoption by the people of more limited amendments that have been passed two-thirds majority of the legislature.
The court provided a definition under Article XVIII of an amendment and a revision:
The very term "constitution" implies an instrument of a permanent and abiding nature, and the provisions contained therein for its revision indicate the will of the people that the underlying principles upon which it rests, as well as the substantial entirety of the instrument, shall be of a like permanent and abiding nature. On the other hand, the significance of the term "amendment" implies such an addition or change within the lines of the original instrument as will effect an improvement, or better carry out the purpose for which it was framed.
The court decided that by making the amendment conditional pending the approval was of the new location of the capital by the Governor, Secretary of State, and Attorney General, their votes superseded the vote of the people, and that in effect, the vote of the people would was simply a manner in which to send it to a higher power for approval. This amendment would not become operational on popular approval, but on conditions not specified there. This meant that the proposition was not passed in accordance with either method in the Constitution for amendment or revision, therefore rendering it unconstitutional.
Significance
In August 1999, the Alaska Supreme Court used the ruling in Livermore v. Waite in the case Bess v. Ulmer noting "it is helpful to look to the law of California, a state which has considered the issue carefully over a period of nearly one hundred years. A line of California Supreme Court cases, beginning with Livermore v. Waite, has outlined the parameters of the procedures for constitutional change in that state."
Notes
1894 in California
1894 in United States case law
California state case law
U.S. state separation of powers case law
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26720611
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido%20Balzarini
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Guido Balzarini
|
Guido Balzarini (21 October 1874 – 1935) was an Italian fencer. He won a gold medal in the team sabre competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1874 births
1935 deaths
Italian male fencers
Olympic fencers of Italy
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Olympic medalists in fencing
People from Terni
Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from the Province of Terni
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20478920
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Institute%20of%20Technology%20and%20Evaluation
|
National Institute of Technology and Evaluation
|
The , or NITE is an Independent Administrative Institution, established by Japanese government, aiming to contribute to the "safety and security of life" supported by reliable technology and information.
History
The predecessors of NITE were five Inspection Institutes of the Japanese government, such as the Export Silk Fabrics Inspection Institute established in 1928, Machinery and Tools Inspection Institute in 1948. After several reorganization steps, they were integrated into the International Trade and Industry Inspection Institute in 1984. It was reorganized into the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation in 1995 and established as an incorporated administrative agency in 2001 remaining under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
Missions
To establish intellectual foundations for the development of the economy as well as for the safety and security of society.
NITE works toward the mission by technical evaluation of industrial products, and preservation and distribution of products’ information, in the following four fields.
1. Biotechnology field
The Department of Biotechnology (DOB) manages NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), which works as a national culture collection in Japan. It is dedicated to the acquisition, characterization, identification, and preservation of microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, fungi and microalgae, and distribution of those microbes together with their genetic information to the universities, research institutions and industries. It also manages a patent depositary for biological material under the Budapest Treaty. Based on the principles of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), DOB has been conducting collaborative research with a number of Asian countries in conservation and sustainable use of microbial resources. It also works for biosafety following by the guidelines of Cartagena Protocol.
2. Chemical management field
The Chemical Management Center of NITE undertakes a central role in the comprehensive chemical management. The three main aspects of the center's activities are 1) Support for the enforcement of laws and regulations related to the risk management of chemical substances, 2) Arrangement and provision of comprehensive information, by developing databases, to provide knowledge required for implementing chemical management system, 3) Development and management of risk assessment of chemical substances.
3. Accreditation field
The International Accreditation Japan (IAJapan) is an accreditation body that was established following a comprehensive review of accreditation programs for testing and calibration laboratories operated at NITE. The establishment of IAJapan is based on the perception that it is the duty of the government accreditation body to respond to requests from industries, academies, and the government administrations. Accreditation programs currently operated in IAJapan include MLAP (Specified Measurement Laboratory Accreditation Program), JCSS (Japan Calibration Service System), JNLA (Japan National Laboratory Accreditation System) and ASNITE (Accreditation System of NITE).
4. Consumer products safety field
The Products Safety Technology Center of NITE collects accidents information on consumer products, investigates their causes and makes the results available to the public. It also conducts product tests to identify the safety and quality performances, and on-site inspections to confirm businesses’ compliance with the laws and regulations on product safety. The results are periodically stored in an accident information database, which is made available to the public on the website. The Center also contributes to the development of standards in the area related to the consumer safety, in collaboration with universities and research institutes.
References
External links
NITE Official Web site
Economy of Japan
2001 establishments in Japan
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44507307
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%20Books%20Be%20Books
|
Let Books Be Books
|
Let Books Be Books was founded in March 2014 as a campaign to persuade publishers of children's books to stop labelling and promoting books as 'for boys' or 'for girls'. The campaign, which is led by parents and traces its origins to a thread on the on-line forum Mumsnet, is a spin-off of the Let Toys be Toys campaign, which seeks to get toy manufactures to stop gendering their products.
In its founding statement, the campaign said: “Children are listening, and take seriously the messages they receive from books, from toys, from marketing and the adults around them. Do we really want them to believe that certain things are off-limits for them because of their gender? They’re not ‘getting it wrong’ if a girl likes robots, or if a boy wants to doodle flowers. [...] It's time that publishers Let Books Be Books and leave children free to choose their interests for themselves”.
Response from authors
Prominent authors supporting the Let Books Be Books campaign include former children's laureates Anne Fine and Malorie Blackman, the poet laureate Carol-Ann Duffy, and Philip Pullman.
Anne Fine told UK newspaper The Guardian: "You'd think this battle would have been won decades ago. But even some seemingly bright and observant adults are buying into it again […] There are girls of all sorts, with all interests, and boys of all sorts with all interests. Just meeting a few children should make that obvious enough. But no, these idiotic notions are spouted so often they become a self-fulfilling societal straitjacket from which all our children suffer".
Also speaking to The Guardian, Pullman, author of the His Dark Materials trilogy, said: "I'm against anything, from age-ranging to pinking and blueing, whose effect is to shut the door in the face of children who might enjoy coming in. No publisher should announce on the cover of any book the sort of readers the book would prefer. Let the readers decide for themselves".
Response from publishers
In the week following the campaign's launch, Parragon Books responded on Twitter, tweeting: "Feedback on gender-specific titles is important to us. We have no plans to create new titles referring to boy/girl in the UK". In the same week, publisher Usborne announced that a plan to "discontinue publication of titles such as these was decided some time ago”, adding that the company took "feedback on gender-specific titles very seriously” and that it had "no plans to produce any titles labelled 'for girls' or 'for boys' in the future".
On Sunday 16 March, the literary editor of the UK newspaper the Independent on Sunday, Katy Guest, announced: ”Gender-specific books demean all our children. […] So I promise now that the newspaper and this website will not be reviewing any book which is explicitly aimed at just girls, or just boys. Nor will The Independent’s books section. And nor will the children’s books blog at independent.co.uk”.
However, Michael O'Mara, owner of Buster Books defended his company's gender-specific titles, such as The Beautiful Girls' Colouring Book and The Brilliant Boys' Colouring Book, to The Independent on Sunday in March 2014, saying: ”It's a fact of life how a very large percentage of people shop when buying for kids, do it by sex. We know for a fact that when they are shopping on Amazon, they quite often type in 'books for boys' and 'books for girls’”.
In November 2014, Ladybird Books signed up to the Let Books Be Books campaign and announced that it was "committed" to avoiding gendered titles and would be removing such labelling in reprinted copies. The publisher added: "Out of literally hundreds of titles currently in print, we actually only have six titles with this kind of titling". Its parent company, Penguin Random House Children's division, will also be following suit.
Other publishers who have informed Let Books Be Books that they will no longer be publishing gender-specific titles include Dorling Kindersley, Chad Valley and Miles Kelly Publishing.
See also
Gender neutrality in children's literature
Gender polarization
Gender stereotypes
Let Toys Be Toys
Pinkstinks
References
External links
Let Books Be Books
Advocacy groups in the United Kingdom
Gender and society
Parents' organizations
Gender-related stereotypes
Children's literature organizations
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20478929
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown%20Woodland%20Historic%20District
|
Downtown Woodland Historic District
|
The Downtown Woodland Historic District is a historic district in Woodland, California. The district encompasses roughly and 59 contributing buildings. It is a California Historical Landmark and is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.
Contributing properties
Historic district contributing properties include:
Hotel Woodland
Porter Building
Woodland Opera House
Woodland Public Library
The Jackson Building
See also
California Historical Landmarks in Yolo County, California
National Register of Historic Places listings in Yolo County, California
Index: Historic districts in California
References
Woodland, California
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California
History of Yolo County, California
Geography of Yolo County, California
National Register of Historic Places in Yolo County, California
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6907587
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20NFL%20Today%20personalities
|
List of NFL Today personalities
|
Notes and references
NFL Today personalites
NFL Today personalities
NFL Today personalities
|
17341092
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling%20at%20the%201920%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20Greco-Roman%20light%20heavyweight
|
Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman light heavyweight
|
The men's Greco-Roman light heavyweight was a Greco-Roman wrestling event held as part of the Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event. Light heavyweight was the second heaviest category, including wrestlers weighing up to 82.5 kilograms.
A total of 18 wrestlers from 11 nations competed in the event, which was held from August 16 to August 20, 1920.
Results
Gold medal round
Silver medal round
References
External links
Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics
|
56565825
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%20FIBA%20World%20Championship%20squads
|
1986 FIBA World Championship squads
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The 1986 FIBA World Championship squads were the squads of the 1986 FIBA World Championship, which was held in Spain, between 5 and 20 July 1986. Each one of the 24 teams at the tournament selected a squad of 12 players, for a total of 288 players.
Group A
Nilo Guimarães
Maury Ponickwar
Gerson Victalino
João José Vianna
Rolando Ferreira
Paulinho Villas Boas
Jorge Guerra
Marcel Ponickwar
Marcelo Vido
Silvio Malvesi
Oscar Schmidt
Israel Andrade
Richard Dacoury
Stéphane Ostrowski
Hervé Dubuisson
Frederic Hufnagel
Valéry Demory
Jacques Monclar
Jean-Luc Deganis
Eric Beugnot
Georges Vestris
Patrick Cham
Christian Garnier
Daniel Haquet
(Coach: Jean Galle)
Nikos Galis
Panagiotis Giannakis
Fanis Christodoulou
Michalis Romanidis
Nikos Filippou
Liveris Andritsos
Nikos Stavropoulos
Argiris Kambouris
Argyris Pedoulakis
Panagiotis Karatzas
Dimitris Dimakopoulos
Christos Christodoulou
(Coach: Kostas Politis)
Hur Jae
Park In-kyu
Lee Min-hyun
Cho Yoon-ho
Han Ki-bum
Lee Mun-kyu
Kim Hyun-jun
Kim You-taek
Kim Sung-wook
Lee Won-woo
Lee Chung-hee
Goh Myong-hwa
(Coach: Kim In-kun)
Ernesto Malcolm
Mario Butler
Rolando Frazer
Reggie Grenald
Rodolfo Gill
Fernando Pinillo
Braulio Rivas
Adolfo Medrick
Cirilo Escalona
Mario Gálvez
Enrique Grenald
Daniel Macias
(Coach: Frank Holness)
Group B
Jean-Jacques
David Dias
Manuel Sousa
Aníbal Moreira
Adriano Baião
Josué Campos
José Carlos Guimaraes
Zezé Assis
Ademar Barros
Paulo Macedo
Coach: Victorino Cunha
Daniel Scott
Félix Morales
Raúl Dubois
Pedro Abreu
Luis Calderón
Noangel Luaces
Eduardo Cabrera
Luciano Rivero
Roberto Simón Salomón
Leonardo Pérez
José Carlos Caballero
Pedro Cobarrubia
(Coach: Juan Carmelo Ortega Díaz)
Doron Jamchi
Mickey Berkowitz
Adi Gordon
Tomer Steinhauer
Howard Lassoff
Hen Lippin
Motti Daniel
Nir Rechlis
Ari Rosenberg
Doron Shefa
Larry Bird-Curtis
Ofer Yaakobi
(Coach: Zvi Sherf)
Arvydas Sabonis
Valdis Valters
Alexander Volkov
Vladimir Tkachenko
Tiit Sokk
Alexander Belostenny
Rimas Kurtinaitis
Valdemaras Chomičius
Sergei Tarakanov
Valeri Tikhonenko
Sergei Grishaev
Andris Jekabsons
(Coach: Vladimir Obukhov)
Horacio López
Ramiro Cortés
Álvaro Tito
Joe McCall
Juan Mignone
Horacio Perdomo
Gabriel Waiter
Luis Larrosa
Luis Pierri
Carlos Peinado
Hebert Núñez
Gustavo Sczygielski
(Coach: Ramón Etchamendi)
Group C
Antonello Riva
Walter Magnifico
Roberto Brunamonti
Pierlo Marzorati
Roberto Premier
Ario Costa
Renato Villalta
Augusto Binelli
Romeo Sacchetti
Sandro dell'Agnello
Enrico Gilardi
Fulvio Polesello
(Coach: Valerio Bianchini)
Federico Lopez
Ramón Rivas
Jerome Mincy
Angelo Cruz
Felix Rivera
Edgar de Leon
Wesley Correa
Jose Sosa
Orlando Febres
Frankie Torruellas
Mario Morales
Francisco de Leon (Coach: Angel Cancel)
4. Muggsy Bogues
5. Tommy Amaker
6. Steve Kerr
7. Kenny Smith
8. Sean Elliott
9. Derrick McKey
10. Rony Seikaly
11. David Robinson
12. Tom Hammonds
13. Brian Shaw
14. Armen Gilliam
15. Charles Smith
(Coach: Lute Olson)
Gunther Behnke
Chris Welp
Michael Koch
Hansi Gnad
Ralf Risse
Armin Andres
Jan Villwock
Rainer Greunke
Holger Arpe
Armin Sowa
Lutz Wadehn
Burkhard Schröder
(Coach: Ralph Klein)
Group D
4. Esteban Camisassa
5. Héctor Campana
6. Diego Maggi
7. Hernán Montenegro
8. Carlos Romano
9. Marcelo Milanesio
10. Sergio Aispurúa
11. Miguel Cortijo
12. Sebastián Uranga
13. Gabriel Milovich
14. Luis Oroño
15. Fernando Borcel
(Coach: Flor Meléndez)
Gerry Besselink
John Hatch
Gordon Herbert
Gerald Kazanowski
Howard Kelsey
Barry Mungar
Dan Meagher
Eli Pasquale
Tony Simms
Jay Triano
David Turcotte
Greg Wiltjer
(Coach: Jack Donahue)
Rik Smits
Jelle Esveldt
Ronald Schilp
Cock van de Lagemaat
Raymond Bottse
Rene Ebeltjes
Chris van Dinten
Hans Heijdeman
Erik Griekspoor
Emill Hagens
Marco de Waard
Peter van Noord
(Coach: Ruud Harrewijn)
Gilbert Gordon
Peter Pokai
Stan Hill
Neil Stephens
Dave Edmonds
Ian Webb
Dave Mason
Tony Smith
Colin Crampton
Frank Mulvihill
Glen Denham
John Rademakers
(Coach: Robert Bishop)
References
1986 FIBA World Championship at basket-stats.info
External links
FIBA Basketball World Cup squads
1986 FIBA World Championship
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6907588
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving%20Wiltsie
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Irving Wiltsie
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Irving Day Wiltsie (14 November 1898 – 24 November 1943) was a United States Navy captain who was killed in action in 1943 while commanding an escort carrier in the Gilbert Islands location, in the Central Pacific during World War II. He was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously, the second highest combat decoration for valor after the Medal of Honor.
Biography
Born in Hartford, Connecticut, Wiltsie graduated in the United States Naval Academy class of 1921. He then served at sea in a succession of ships, including Arizona (BB-39), Wyoming (BB-32), Raleigh (CL-7), and Cleveland (CL-21). Next he underwent flight instruction at NAS Pensacola, Florida, from 1925 to 1927 and was designated as a Naval Aviator. He subsequently served in seaplane aviation units embarked aboard Milwaukee (CL-5), Memphis (CL-13), and Texas (BB-35) before he returned to NAS Pensacola as an instructor. After another tour of sea duty—in Louisville (CA-28)—Wiltsie commanded the Naval Reserve Aviation Base at Minneapolis, Minnesota, from 29 June 1935 to 4 June 1937. He later commanded the bombing squadrons attached to Saratoga (CV-3) from June 1937 to June 1939, before he served at the Naval Air Station San Diego, California. He subsequently joined Yorktown (CV-5) as navigator on 27 June 1941 and received a promotion to commander on 1 July.
Wiltsie remained in Yorktown until her loss at the pivotal Battle of Midway from 4 to 6 June 1942. During the early stages of the action, Wiltsie displayed "outstanding professional ability" as he provided complete and accurate navigational information to air plot, thus enabling the carrier's air group to pinpoint their targets.
During the Japanese torpedo attacks on 4 June, when "Kates" from the carrier Hiryū located Yorktown and carried put a successful attack against her, Wiltsie, on instructions from the captain, conned the ship from his battle station in the conning tower and was later deemed directly responsible for the ship's evading a pair of torpedoes. When injuries sustained during the attack incapacitated the carrier's executive officer, Commander Wiltsie assumed these duties and directed the organization of a salvage party which fought valiantly to save the ship.
When Yorktown eventually succumbed to her damage and the coup de grace administered by Japanese submarine I-168, Wiltsie directed the salvage party and the wounded to rescuing vessels alongside the doomed carrier.
Wiltsie was promoted to captain in September 1942 and commanded the seaplane tender Albemarle (AV-5) from 6 October 1942 to 12 June 1943. After this tour, he supervised the fitting-out of escort carrier Glacier (CVE-33) at the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Company and went on to supervise the same kind of activities of Liscome Bay (CVE-56). Captain Wiltsie would command this escort carrier from August 1943 until the ship's loss off Makin, in the Gilbert Islands, the following November.
In the predawn darkness of 24 November, Japanese submarine I-175 torpedoed Liscome Bay—the flagship of Rear Admiral Henry M. Mullinnix—which caused a mass detonation of aircraft bombs and ammunition and started fires fed by aviation gasoline. The flames spread rapidly, and the carrier rocked with explosions. Wiltsie immediately left the bridge and proceeded along the starboard gallery deck level to ascertain the damage to his ship, as communications had been severed early on. Despite the tremendous structural damage and raging fires, the captain headed aft to determine the full extent of the damage. Damage control efforts failed, however, and the carrier sank in less than 30 minutes thereafter, carrying down with it Captain Wiltsie, Admiral Mullinix, and 644 officers and men, including Third Class Cook Dorie Miller, who was awarded a Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism on a battleship during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
The citation for Captain Wiltsie's posthumous Navy Cross noted his "calm, courageous action and valiant devotion to duty" which inspired the surviving members of the crew.
Namesake
USS Wiltsie (DD-716) was named for him.
References
Noles, James L. (2004). Twenty-Three Minutes to Eternity: The Final Voyage of the Escort Carrier USS Liscome Bay, University of Alabama Press.
1898 births
1943 deaths
United States Navy personnel killed in World War II
Captains who went down with the ship
Military personnel from Hartford, Connecticut
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
United States Navy officers
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20478989
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mingo%20%28footballer%29
|
Mingo (footballer)
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Carles Domingo Pladevall (born 10 June 1977), known as Mingo, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a left back.
A FC Barcelona youth product, he appeared in 279 Segunda División matches over 11 seasons, mainly with Gimnàstic (five years) and Barcelona B (three). He added in 134 and one goal in La Liga, where he represented the former club and also Sporting de Gijón, Rayo Vallecano, Betis and Albacete.
Club career
Born in Hostalric, Girona, Catalonia, Mingo began his football career in FC Barcelona's youth system. Playing alongside Albert Celades and Iván de la Peña, he won the 1994 División de Honor and the Copa del Rey Juvenil; already a senior, he spent three seasons with the club's B-team.
Mingo was released in the summer of 1997, moving to Sporting de Gijón and making his La Liga debut that season as the Asturias side were finally relegated. After two seasons he returned to the top flight with Rayo Vallecano, where his good performances attracted attention from Real Betis, with a good first campaign being followed by two subpar ones (in his last year, however, he scored his first goal in the top level, a 2–1 away win against RCD Espanyol on 25 January 2004).
In 2004, Mingo moved to Albacete Balompié, playing one season each in the first and second divisions – in his second year, he was sent off three times. In 2006–07 he returned to his region of birth, signing with Gimnàstic de Tarragona and appearing in 16 league games in a season that ended in top-tier relegation.
Veteran Mingo was regularly used by Nàstic in the following four second division campaigns, featuring in a minimum of 21 and a maximum of 29 league matches. He was released at the end of 2011–12, with the club suffering relegation.
Honours
Spain U18
UEFA European Under-18 Championship: 1995
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
People from Selva
Sportspeople from the Province of Girona
Spanish footballers
Footballers from Catalonia
Association football defenders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Tercera División players
FC Barcelona C players
FC Barcelona Atlètic players
Sporting de Gijón players
Rayo Vallecano players
Real Betis players
Albacete Balompié players
Gimnàstic de Tarragona footballers
Spain youth international footballers
Spain under-23 international footballers
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56565833
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassach%20%28Fils%29
|
Nassach (Fils)
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Nassach is a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Its upstream is called Lochbach. It is a right tributary of the Fils near Uhingen.
See also
List of rivers of Baden-Württemberg
References
Rivers of Baden-Württemberg
Rivers of Germany
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17341094
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodbourne%20Heights%2C%20Baltimore
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Woodbourne Heights, Baltimore
|
Woodbourne Heights, Baltimore is a community in northern Baltimore, Maryland. It is served by the Woodbourne Heights Community, the Woodbourne-McCabe Neighborhood and the Beauregard Neighborhood Associations.
Points of interest
Woodbourne Heights, Baltimore includes several historically and culturally significant places of interest including: Chinquapin Park, the McCabe Mansion, the Belvedere Square Shopping Centers and City Garden plots on Woodbourne Avenue.
Demographics
According to the 2000 US Census, 2,880 people live in Woodbourne Heights/Woodbourne McCabe, Baltimore with 92% African-American and 5% White. The median family income is $40,948. 85% of the houses are occupied and about 50% of those are occupied by the home's owner.
Schools
Woodbourne Heights, Baltimore has three public elementary schools: Yorkwood and Leithwalk elementary schools. The area is served by the Chinquapin Middle School. High school students generally attend Mervo, City, DuBois or Lewis high schools.
Notes
Neighborhoods in Baltimore
Northern Baltimore
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56565836
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chehales%20Tapscott
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Chehales Tapscott
|
Chehales Tapscott (born July 20, 1990), nicknamed Chey, is an American professional basketball player for Ibaraki Robots in Japan. On November 1, 2013 he was selected in the fourth round (61st overall) of the 2013 NBA Development League Draft by the Maine Red Claws.
Career statistics
|-
| align="left" | 2014-15
| align="left" | Nara
| 52 || || 35.2 || .499 || .293 || .663 || 9.4 || 2.5 || 1.5 || 0.7 || 18.5
|-
| align="left" | 2015-16
| align="left" | Oita
| 50 || 50 || 36.5 || .513 || .366 || .735 || 12.0 || 3.1 || 2.1 || 0.5 || 22.7
|-
| align="left" | 2016-17
| align="left" | Kagawa
| 59 || 57 || 29.3 || .451 || .309 || .716 || 9.3 || 3.2 || 1.8 || 0.7 || bgcolor="CFECEC"| 19.5
|-
| align="left" | 2017-18
| align="left" | Ehime
|60|| || 29.0|| .492|| .317|| .792|| 9.3||4.1 || 1.1|| 0.6|| bgcolor="CFECEC"|22.1
|-
References
External links
Portland State Vikings bio
1990 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American expatriate basketball people in Japan
American expatriate basketball people in Luxembourg
American men's basketball players
Bambitious Nara players
Ehime Orange Vikings players
Forwards (basketball)
Kagawa Five Arrows players
Kumamoto Volters players
Portland State Vikings men's basketball players
Sportspeople from Hillsboro, Oregon
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56565853
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassach
|
Nassach
|
Nassach may refer to:
Nassach (Fils), a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, tributary of the Fils
Nassach (Main), a river of Bavaria, Germany, tributary of the Main
Nassach, a village belonging to Spiegelberg, a town in Baden-Württemberg in Germany
Nassach, a village belonging to Aidhausen, a municipality in Bavaria in Germany
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17341119
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capt.%20John%20Mawdsley%20House
|
Capt. John Mawdsley House
|
The Captain John Mawdsley House, located at 228 Spring Street, is one of the oldest houses in Newport, Rhode Island.
The earliest rear part of the house was built on Spring Street before 1680, probably by Jireh Bull. Bull married Godsgift Arnold, daughter of Gov. Benedict Arnold. Captain John Mawdsley, a privateer, lived in the house in the eighteenth century and constructed the large front addition to the house. The Mawdsley House is located on 228 Spring Street and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The house was owned by Historic New England (SPNEA) until it was sold in the late twentieth century.
See also
List of the oldest buildings in Rhode Island
Henry Bull House
Jireh Bull Blockhouse
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
Images
External links
Houses completed in 1680
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Houses in Newport, Rhode Island
Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island
Historic district contributing properties in Rhode Island
1680 establishments in Rhode Island
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44507312
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular%20Front%20%28UK%29
|
Popular Front (UK)
|
The Popular Front in the United Kingdom attempted an alliance between political parties and individuals of the left and centre-left in the late 1930s to come together to challenge the appeasement policies of the National Government led by Neville Chamberlain.
The Popular Front (PF), despite not having the formal endorsement of either the Labour Party or the Liberal Party, fielded candidates at parliamentary by-elections with success. There was no general election to test the support of the PF, and therefore the opportunity for it to form a government.
Origins of the Popular Front
The Popular Front was launched in December 1936 by the Liberal Richard Acland, the Communist John Strachey, Labour's economist G. D. H. Cole, and the Conservative Robert Boothby. Acland and Boothby were both serving in the House of Commons at the time.
Richard Acland
Richard Acland was a new Liberal member of parliament who had gained Barnstaple from the Conservatives at the 1935 election. He quickly became an influential figure on the left of the Liberal Party, advocating closer ties with the Labour Party and electoral co-operation with them at constituency level. He also became an outspoken supporter of a Popular Front, and then one of its founders.
John Strachey
Strachey was elected as a Labour Member of Parliament for Birmingham Aston in 1929, serving until 1931. He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Oswald Mosley and resigned from the Parliamentary Labour Party in 1931 to join Mosley's New Party. Following the New Party's drift towards fascism, he resigned to become a supporter of the Communist Party, contesting the Aston constituency as an independent.
As the author of The Coming Struggle for Power (1932), and a series of other works, Strachey was one of the most prolific and widely read British Marxist-Leninist theorists of the 1930s. In 1936 with the publisher Victor Gollancz he founded the Left Book Club.
G. D. H. Cole
Cole was an Oxford academic, writer and political theorist who favoured libertarian socialism. He was a notable figure in the Labour Party. In 1936 Cole began calling for a Popular Front movement in Britain, where the Labour Party would ally with other parties against the threat of fascism.
Robert Boothby
Boothby had been the Scottish Unionist Party Member for Aberdeen and Kincardine East since 1924. He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Chancellor of the Exchequer Winston Churchill from 1926 to 1929.
United Front
The PF campaign was preceded by the United Front campaign. The campaign for a United Front, sought to get co-operation between the Labour Party, the Independent Labour Party and the Communist Party of Great Britain. A major part of that unity campaign was to have electoral co-operation against the National Government at a future general election. In 1931 the ILP had disaffiliated from the Labour Party and at the 1935 General Election the ILP and the Labour Party had fielded candidates against each other that had resulted in cases of the National Government candidate winning due to a split left vote. Within the Labour Party, one of the leading figures in support of the United Front was Sir Stafford Cripps. By 1937 the Labour Party showed little indication for resolving this issue and those within it ranks such as Cripps faced expulsion as a result.
Sir Stafford Cripps
He was Labour MP for Bristol East and Solicitor General in the last Labour government of 1931. He had not given up on trying to unite the left and saw that supporting the Popular Front would achieve the same aims. In putting the case for a Popular Front, he argued that the Labour Party acting alone would not be able to defeat the National Government.
Party responses to the Popular Front
Communist Party
The Communist Party of Great Britain took its lead from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). The view of the CPSU in the mid-to-late 1930s was that Communist parties across Europe should form Popular fronts to work with all other anti-Fascist parties to oppose Fascism. The CPGB was happy to fall in line with this position.
Independent Labour Party
The ILP, who had chosen not to affiliate with the Labour Party during the 1930s, had been supporters of the United Front with Socialists and Communists. However, they did not support the Popular Front as it was to include the Liberal Party. At the 1937 ILP Conference they voted to oppose a Popular Front but to continue to support a United Front. At their 1938 Conference, leader James Maxton re-affirmed his party's opposition to the Popular Front. The ILP remained an opponent of any co-operation with capitalist parties, even after war broke out in 1939. When all the political parties agreed to a wartime electoral truce, the ILP refused to agree.
Labour Party
The Labour Party National Executive published a letter on 13 April 1938, opposing the Popular Front.
Co-operative Party
The Co-operative Party, which was affiliated to the Labour Party, held its 1938 Conference during April. Party Chairman Alfred Barnes personally endorsed the Popular Front and 2 days later, the conference voted in favour of the Popular Front. However, when the Co-operative Party met in 1939 for its Conference, this position was narrowly overturned.
Labour Party Conference 1939
Liberal Party
The attitude of the Liberal Party gradually changed during this period. At the 1935 General Election, former party leader David Lloyd George, through his Council of Action had demonstrated a willingness to support both Liberal and Labour candidates. After the 1935 elections Lloyd George and his parliamentary group returned to the mainstream Liberal Party and continued with the Council of Action.
The first time the Liberal Party formally considered the Popular Front was at a meeting of their executive committee on 20 October 1936. They had received the proposal to support the Popular Front from writer and philosopher Aldous Huxley. Their response was to recommend to the Liberal Party Council that the front not be supported. They stated that the executive did not think that an electoral pact with Labour was possible and arguably desirable. At the meeting of the Party Council on 18 January 1937, this position was agreed. In April 1937 the issue was debated at the Union of University Liberal Societies Conference. Once again the front was rejected.
Popular Front by-elections
At the 1937 Combined English Universities by-election former Liberal MP Thomas Edmund Harvey gained the seat from the Conservatives standing as an Independent Progressive, seeking to rally anti-government supporters on the left. The success of this campaign caused many left leaning academics to consider if candidates standing under a similar platform could be as successful in non-University seats. Throughout the parliament, the National Government would frequently find themselves only opposed by one opposition candidate, either Labour or Liberal. Some of these candidates sought to campaign on the Popular Front platform, with varying degrees of support from other parties. There were few specific cases of an anti-government candidate standing on a Popular Front platform as opposed to a party platform. In such cases these candidates ran as Independent Progressive.
Oxford
The 1938 Oxford by-election was held on 27 October 1938. The Liberal Party had selected Ivor Davies, a 23-year-old graduate of Edinburgh University, despite the fact that he was the candidate for Central Aberdeenshire at the same time. The Labour Party selected Patrick Gordon Walker, who had contested the seat at the 1935 general election. On 13 September, Davies offered to stand down from the by-election if Labour did the same and backed a Popular Front candidate against the Conservatives. Eventually, Gordon Walker reluctantly stood down and both parties supported Sandy Lindsay, who was the Master of Balliol, as an Independent Progressive.
The Conservatives held the seat with a reduced majority of 3,434 or 12.2%.
Bridgwater
The 1938 Bridgwater by-election was held on 17 November 1938.
Vernon Bartlett was a journalist and broadcaster with extensive experience of foreign affairs. He was approached by Richard Acland, Liberal MP for Barnstaple, a seat bordering Bridgwater, about standing as an anti-appeasement candidate in the by-election. Bartlett agreed to do so providing he had the support of the Liberal and Labour parties. The Bridgwater Liberal Party unanimously backed Bartlett's candidature. Before the by-election vacancy was known, the local Labour Party had already re-adopted Arthur Loveys their previous candidate, to contest a General Election expected to occur in 1939. Loveys withdrew and Labour generally supported Bartlett, although many in the Labour Party were unenthusiastic about co-operation with the Liberals. Some Labour voters were reluctant to support Bartlett, believing he was really a Liberal candidate. However, he did receive a letter of support from 39 Labour MPs just before polling day.
Bartlett won the seat with a majority of 2,332 or 6.3%. He hailed the result as a defeat for Chamberlain, saying that it showed people understood the dangers of the Government's foreign policy.
Westminster Abbey
The 1939 Westminster Abbey by-election was held on 17 May 1939. The Labour candidate in 1935, William Kennedy, had been re-selected to contest the next General Election, however, the Labour party decided not to contest the by-election. The Communist party, who had not contested the seat before, chose Dr. Billy Carritt, to stand. In an attempt to revive the Popular Front strategy, Carritt stood as an Independent Progressive. Carritt attracted the highest ever percentage poll of any anti-Conservative candidate in this seat. The performance revived interest nationally in electoral co-operation to defeat National Government candidates at a General Election.
Popular Front in the constituencies
Despite the defeat of the Popular Fronters at the Labour Conference, co-operation between constituency Labour and Liberal organisation continued to grow through the year. It was widely anticipated that Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain would call a general election in 1939 and all political parties were going through the process of selecting local candidates.
Tiverton
Tiverton had been a Conservative seat since they took it from the Liberals in 1923. No Liberal or Labour candidate had stood since 1929. The Liberals had selected a candidate, A. Turner, back in 1938. There was no Labour candidate in place. The former Liberal MP for Tiverton was the North Cornwall Liberal MP, Sir Francis Acland. He was the father of PF founder, Richard Acland. The Aclands had a strong influence over the Tiverton Liberal Association. The Tiverton Liberals were open to the idea of supporting an Independent Progressive, if such a candidate were supported by the local Labour party. It was thought that another Liberal, Michael Pinney, would appeal more to the local Labour Party. By March 1939 Pinney had agreed to stand as a Popular Front candidate and Turner had agreed to withdraw in his favour. In April 1939 the local Liberals and the local Labour Party both formally endorsed Pinney. In May 1939 the national Labour Party decided to bar the Tiverton division from the party.
Aftermath
Calls for a Popular Front ceased when Britain declared war on Nazi Germany. However, it was becoming increasingly recognised that during wartime, it was better to have a broad based government that could command all-party support. By May 1940 Winston Churchill had become Prime Minister and had included in his new government other Conservative anti-appeasers and the leaders of the Labour and Liberal parties. The Communist Party's support for co-operation fluctuated depending on the foreign policy of the Soviet Union. John Strachey left the party and re-joined the Labour Party. The ILP was to take a semi-anti-war position. In 1940 Cripps was appointed by Winston Churchill as Ambassador to the Soviet Union. In 1942 Acland broke from the Liberals to found the socialist Common Wealth Party with J. B. Priestley, opposing the war-time electoral truce between the major parties. At the 1945 General election, there were a handful of instances of Labour not running candidates in Con/Lib constituencies, but essentially there was no electoral co-operation between Labour, Liberal and Communist or even in Bridgwater where Labour decided to oppose Vernon Bartlett standing for re-election as a Progressive.
References
1936 establishments in the United Kingdom
Defunct political party alliances in the United Kingdom
1936 in British politics
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44507316
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hord
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Hord
|
Hord is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Brian Hord (1934–2015), British surveyor and politician
Chad Hord (born 1976), American racing driver
Donal Hord (1902–1966), American sculptor
Oscar B. Hord (1829–1888), American politician and lawyer
Roy Hord Jr. (1934–2002), American football player
See also
Horde (disambiguation)
Hoard (disambiguation)
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44507335
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape%20lace
|
Tape lace
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Tape lace is made with a straight tape which is bent into the shape required and sewn into position. Various needle lace fillings may be used to fill the gaps. The tape is usually machine made. This type of lace is also known as mixed tape lace, or mixed lace, as it uses more than one technique: one in making the tape, and a different technique for the fillings and joins.
This should be distinguished from bobbin tape lace, which is a type of bobbin lace where the tape and the rest of the lace is made at the same time using bobbins, so only one technique is used.
The 19th century tape laces varied from well-worked versions with a variety of filling stitches to those where the tapes were simply joined with a few needle-made bars.
Making tape laces was a popular craft and patterns were widely available in shops and magazines. However, tape lace was also developed on a professional basis in some places, such as Branscombe in Devon.
Types of tape lace include Renaissance, Battenberg and Princess.
References
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17341131
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%20Was%20All%20a%20Dream%20%28Lil%27%20Keke%20album%29
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It Was All a Dream (Lil' Keke album)
|
It Was All a Dream is the third studio album by American rapper Lil' Keke from Houston, Texas. It was released on July 13, 1999 via Jam Down Records. It was reissued in 2003 by another Houston-based record label Rap Classics. The album features guest appearances from 8Ball, Big Hawk, Big Pokey, B-Legit, Juvenile, Krazy, Madd Hatta, South Park Mexican, and more.
Track listing
Charts
References
External links
1999 albums
Lil' Keke albums
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44507345
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling%20Plaza
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Sterling Plaza
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The Sterling Plaza (also known as the California Bank Building) is a historic building in Beverly Hills, California.
Location
The building is located at 9429–9441 on Wilshire Boulevard, in the City of Beverly Hills, California.
History
Construction was completed in 1929. It was designed by the architectural team John and Donald Parkinson in the Art Deco style. With seven stories, it is high.
It was built for the California National Bank of Beverly Hills. As a result, it was first known as the California Bank Building. The building was completed just before the Wall Street crash. It was later acquired by Louis B. Mayer, the head of MGM.
In the 1990s, the building was acquired by Donald Sterling and renamed the Sterling Plaza. In 1976, he leased the California Bank Building on Wilshire Boulevard in Beverly Hills, and renamed it Sterling Plaza. The Art Deco landmark was built in 1930 by MGM cofounder Louis B. Mayer. In 2000, Sports Illustrated senior writer Franz Lidz revealed that Sterling had a 99-year lease with the Mayer estate that required him to pay a relatively small annual fee and 15% of any rental income, which was why Sterling had remained the sole tenant. "With no other tenant," Lidz reported, "the Mayer estate faces another 75 years with virtually no income from its Sterling Plaza property. By sitting and waiting, Sterling may force a fire sale."
References
Buildings and structures in Beverly Hills, California
Buildings and structures completed in 1929
Art Deco architecture in California
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56565878
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina%20Blagojevi%C4%87
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Katarina Blagojević
|
Katarina Blagojević (née Jovanović; 31 October 1943 — 15 November 2021), also known as Katarina Blagojević-Jovanović () was a Serbian chess player who held the title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM, 1986). She shared 4th–5th place in the Women's World Chess Championship Candidates Tournament in 1964. She was a three-time winner of the Yugoslav Women's Chess Championship (1961, 1972, 1974) and won a team silver medal and bronze individual medal at the Women's Chess Olympiads in 1963 and 1966, respectively.
Career
An established star since the early 1960s, Katarina was joined in that status by her two younger sisters — first by the middle, future WIM Ružica, in the late 1960s, while the youngest, future WIM and top-20 player, Gordana, soon followed in the early 1970s — and they became known in the chess world as the Jovanović sisters. Each sister won a Yugoslav women's national championship and played in Interzonal Tournaments. When all three qualified for a zone tournament in the early 1970s, it was the first such occurrence in the history of international chess, and it caused FIDE to draft a new paragraph about family relationships to avoid potential situations of matches being thrown by one to help another. They were the most famous trio of sisters in the chess world before the emergence of the Polgar sisters (Susan, Sofia, and Judit Polgár).
From the early 1960s to mid-1970s, she was one of the leading Yugoslav women's chess players. Katarina Blagojević won the Yugoslav Women's Chess Championship three times, in 1961, 1972 and 1974. With ŠK Red Star Belgrade, she won the Yugoslav League five times, in 1967, 1968, 1970, 1975 and 1976. The winner of many international chess tournaments, including three consecutive wins in Hoogovens Beverwijk tournament (1960, 1961, 1962), and the win in Amsterdam in 1963.
In 1964, Katarina Blagojević achieved the greatest success in her chess career, when she shared 4th–5th place in the Women's World Chess Championship Candidates Tournament in Sukhumi.
Katarina Blagojević played in two Women's World Chess Championship Interzonal Tournaments:
In 1971, at Interzonal Tournament in Ohrid finished in 9th place;
In 1973, at Interzonal Tournament in Menorca shared 10th–11th place.
She also won the European Zonal 1 in 1975 in Karlovy Vary, but didn't play in the subsequent Interzonal Tournament. Katarina Blagojević played for Yugoslavia in five Women's Chess Olympiads:
In 1963, at first reserve board in the 2nd Chess Olympiad (women) in Split (+2, =2, −0) and won the team silver medal,
In 1966, at first reserve board in the 3rd Chess Olympiad (women) in Oberhausen (+6, =2, −1) and won the individual bronze medal,
In 1969, at first reserve board in the 4th Chess Olympiad (women) in Lublin (+4, =3, −2),
In 1972, at second board in the 5th Chess Olympiad (women) in Skopje (+5, =4, −2),
In 1974, at second board in the 6th Chess Olympiad (women) in Medellín (+7, =3, −2).
She played in the traditional USSR vs Yugoslavia match, defeating Tatiana Zatulovskaya 2½–1½ in 1970.
In 1964, Katarina Blagojević was awarded the FIDE Woman International master (WIM) title and in 1986, she was awarded FIDE Woman Grandmaster (WGM) title for her previous results.
Her highest ranking on the FIDE women's rating list was No. 14 in July 1972, while her highest Elo rating was 2340 in January 1990.
For her silver medal in the Olympiad, the Government of Serbia awarded her National Sports Recognition in 2007, including sports pension, of which she donated 10000 dinars to help victims of 2014 floods in Serbia.
References
External links
Katarina Blagojević chess games at 365Chess.com
1943 births
2021 deaths
Sportspeople from Belgrade
Serbian female chess players
Yugoslav female chess players
Chess woman grandmasters
Chess Olympiad competitors
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44507380
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic%20Alliance%20Party%20%28Solomon%20Islands%29
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Democratic Alliance Party (Solomon Islands)
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The Democratic Alliance Party is a political party in the Solomon Islands led by Steve Abana.
The DAP supports maintaining the country's alliance with Taiwan.
History
In the 2014 general elections, the party won seven seats, becoming the largest party in Parliament.
References
Political parties in the Solomon Islands
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23582180
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20mini%20trampoline
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Double mini trampoline
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Double Mini Trampoline, sometimes referred to as Double Mini or DMT, is a Gymnastics discipline within Trampolining. Participants perform acrobatic skills on an apparatus smaller than a regular competition trampoline. The apparatus has both an angled section and a flat section. Unlike Individual Trampoline, where scoring is predominantly determined by Execution, Time of Flight and Difficulty, the Difficulty in DMT plays a more prominent role in the final score.
A DMT routine or pass consist of two phases. The first phase is called a "Mount"; during this phase the athlete jumps onto the angled part and flips off of it onto the flat part. The first phase can also be performed by jumping, without flips or twist, onto the flat part and then commencing the first flip or twist. In this case the first phase is called a "spotter". The second phase starts on the flat part and is called a "dismount"; the athlete lands the first flipping sequences from phase one and immediately launches into a second series of flips and twists before landing on a mat.
The athletes are judged on Difficulty and Execution. There are both Individual and Team competitions in the sport.
DMT is governed by the FIG, the International Federation of Gymnastics, and is included as an event within Trampoline Gymnastics. Although not an Olympic event yet, Elite DMT athletes compete at International level and can compete in various events organised by the FIG as well as at the World Games.
History
DMT can be sourced back to 1970 when its inventors Robert F Bollinger and George Nissen combined two Mini trampolines with a small table and mat to cover in between. Later Robert F Bollinger combined the two Mini trampolines to create one 430 cm long Double Mini Trampoline and also designed the rules for competition and terms such as the mounter and spotter passes and he established its own difficulty system roughly based on the system used for diving. Robert F Bollinger was part of George Nissen's trampoline act and just as Nissen can be seen as the father of trampoline, Robert F Bollinger can be seen as the father of Double Mini Trampoline.
The first record of a Double mini competition comes from the Trampoline Gymnastics World Age Group Competitions in 1973 held in London, England. Athletes competing had little experience in the new apparatus and Robert F Bollinger jumped in and provided personal training on the Friday afternoon for the athletes wishing to compete the following day. Double mini was first introduced into the Trampoline World Championships, only six years after its invention, in the 1976, 9th Trampoline World Championships in Tulsa.
The DMT as we see it today is wider than the one Robert F Bollinger and George Nissen first created, and the change came mid 1990 when Horst Kunze, then President of the FIG Trampoline Technical Committee, asked Eurotramp Trampoline company if they could produce a DMT with a wider frame. This resulted in a wider DMT with a bed of 92 cm, which Horst Kunze states gave a real boost to the discipline. Since then this has been the international standard.
Skills
Some common skills performed at international level competitions are:
A Comprehensive list of skills can be found in FIG Code of Point Difficulty.
Full-In Full-Out
Also known as Double-Twisting Double Back
A somersault commonly used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a double somersault with a double twist, full twist in the first somersault and full twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.
Triple Back Somersault
A somersault commonly used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a triple somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked, piked or, uncommonly, straight.
Miller
Also known as Full in Double-Full Out or Triple-Twisting Double back
A somersault used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a double somersault with a triple twist. This skill is named after world champion Wayne Miller (USA). This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.
Full-In Half-Out
Also known as Full-Half, Full-In Barani-Out or Full-Barani
A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a double somersault with a one and a half twist, full twist in the first somersault and half twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.
Fliffis
Also known as Half-Out
A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a double somersault with a half twist, no twist in the first somersault and half twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.
Triffis
Also known as Half-out Triffis or 'TriffA somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a triple somersault with a half twist, no twist in the first two somersaults and a half twist in the third somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked or piked.
FIG Code of Point Difficulty
The difficulty in double mini is based upon a bonus system, where the number of rotation and twists are multiplied and then the position is added. The positions are tuck, pike and straight which are represented by "O" for Tuck, "<" for Pike and "/" for Straight
The FIG numeric system works as follows, first number is the amount of 1/4-rotations second number is the amount of 1/2-twist, the twists are divided into where in the skill they occur.
Example: Full-In Half-Out (8 2 1) has a total of 8 1/4-rotations corresponding to the first 8 then it has 2 1/2-twits in the first somersault corresponding to the 2 and 1 1/2-twits the second somersault corresponding to the 1'''
Below is a table showing the skill followed by its FIG numeric system its position and its corresponding difficulty (Diff).
*Alternatively "Full in Double-full out" can also be done as "One and a Half twist in One and a Half twist out (8 3 3)"
**Alternatively "Miller plus (Miller+)" or referred to in layman's terms as "Killer"
Table is based upon FIG Code of point 2017-2020 and is valid though 31 December 2021''
FIG World Championship results
Men's Individual
Result are correct according to FIG's database as well as official records from the competition
Women's Individual
**Bianca Budler and Bianca Zoonekynd is the same person
Result are correct according to FIG's database as well as official records from the competition
References
Trampolining
Gymnastics
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56565885
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina%20Jovanovi%C4%87
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Katarina Jovanović
|
Katarina A. Jovanović (8 April 1869 – 31 May 1954) was a Serbian translator, literary historian, publicist, philosopher, journalist and humanitarian. She translated into German Petar II Petrović Njegoš's masterpiece "Mountain Wreath" (Gorski Vijenac).
Biography
Katarina A. Jovanović was born in Belgrade, 8 April 1869. She spent most of her life abroad, having lived only 16 years in Serbia. Never forgetting her homeland, Katarina started her humanitarian work during the Balkan Wars. Thanks to her work, the Swiss Red Cross sent its mission and hospital in 1914, when the World War I broke out. She participated in the founding of the Department for Serbian Soldiers at the Swiss Red Cross and the “Zurich Bureau for the Location of Missing Persons”, which was re-established during the World War II. She helped locate the missing, and organized distribution of humanitarian aid for the sick, wounded and imprisoned Serbian soldiers, their families and the families of the soldiers fighting at the Salonika front. Jovanović also helped Serbian schoolchildren and students, orphans and all those who found themselves far away from their homeland. Her kindness earned her the nickname “Little Mother” (Mamica). She died in Zurich on 31 May 1954.
References
1869 births
1954 deaths
20th-century Serbian philosophers
Writers from Belgrade
Serbian translators
Serbian literary historians
Public relations people
Serbian women philosophers
Journalists from Belgrade
Serbian humanitarians
20th-century Serbian women writers
Serbian women in World War I
Women literary historians
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44507388
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20Religion%3A%20Ethics%20for%20a%20Whole%20World
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Beyond Religion: Ethics for a Whole World
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Beyond Religion: Ethics for a Whole World is a 2011 book by 14th Dalai Lama. It is about Secular ethics use in our everyday life. Those are ethics that can be used by both religious and non-religious people. There are many suggestions about getting rid of destructive emotions and helping other people. In this book there is justified the importance of compassion.
References
Books by the 14th Dalai Lama
Philosophical literature
2011 non-fiction books
Ethics books
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44507394
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dochow
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Dochow
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Dochow may refer to:
Dochowo, a Polish village
Saint Dochow or Dogwyn, a Welsh saint
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6907589
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh%2C%20My%20Nola
|
Oh, My Nola
|
Oh, My NOLA is an album from Harry Connick Jr. with his big band. The album was released in 2007, and contains well-known songs associated with New Orleans, as well as 4 new songs composed by Connick, who sings and plays the piano, conducts, arranges and orchestrates the album.
A portion of the royalties of Oh, My NOLA will be donated to Musicians' Village in New Orleans. He was honored with a "Strength and Spirit Award" from Redbook magazine in October 2006, for contributing proceeds from various music sales, and for his work on the Musicians' Village.
The album was released at the same day as his big band instrumental album Chanson du Vieux Carre.
The album debuted at #1 on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums, and at #11 on the Billboard 200, with 44,000 copies sold.
A concert tour, the My New Orleans Tour, started on February 23, 2007 in North America, went on to Europe, and continued to Asia and Australia in 2008.
Track listing
"Working In The Coal Mine" (Allen Toussaint) – 3:36
"Won't You Come Home, Bill Bailey?" (Hughie Cannon) – 3:56
"Something You Got" (Chris Kenner) – 3:24
"Let Them Talk" (Sonny Thompson) – 5:01
"Jambalaya (On the Bayou)" (Hank Williams) – 3:40
"Careless Love" (Martin Kaelin, Mac Rebennack) – 4:13
"All These People" (Harry Connick Jr.) – 4:12 – featuring Kim Burrell
"Yes We Can Can" (Allen Toussaint) – 4:32
"Someday" (Dave Bartholomew, Pearl King) – 2:38
"Oh, My NOLA" (Connick) – 3:58
"Elijah Rock" (traditional) – 4:43
"Sheik Of Araby" (Harry Smith, Francis Wheeler, Ted Snyder) – 4:57
"Lazy Bones" (Hoagy Carmichael, Johnny Mercer) – 3:47
"We Make A Lot Of Love" (Connick) – 3:31
"Hello Dolly" (Jerry Herman) – 4:25
"Do Dat Thing" (Connick) – 5:33
Bonus tracks
Borders: "Just Come Home"
Wal-Mart: "Take Her To The Mardi Gras" (Connick)
Japan release: "Just Come Home", "Take Her To The Mardi Gras"
Charts
Credits
Musicians
Vocals: Harry Connick Jr., Kim Burrell
Piano: Harry Connick Jr., Jonathan Batiste
Organ: Harry Connick Jr.
Keyboards: Kim Burrell, Jonathan Batiste, Harry Connick Jr.
Background Vocals: Jonathan Batiste, Bill Huntington, Evan Vidar, Jonathan DuBose Jr., The Honolulu Heartbreakers
Trombone: Craig Klein, John Allred, Lucien Barbarin, Troy Andrews, Mark Mullins
Bass Trombone: Joe Barati
Trumpet: Roger Ingram, Derrick Gardner, Joe Magnarelli, Leonard Brown, Mark Braud, Wynton Marsalis
Tuba: John Allred
Bass: Neal Caine
Guitar: Jonathan DuBose Jr., Evan Vidar
Alto saxophone: Charles Goold, James Greene
Baritone saxophone: David Schumacher
Tenor saxophone: Jerry Weldon, Mike Karn, Geoff Burke
Banjo: Bill Huntington
Flugelhorn: Joe Magnarelli, Roger Ingram
Drums: Arthur Latin II
Percussion: Arthur Latin II
Other
Arranger: Harry Connick Jr.
Conductor: Harry Connick Jr., John David Miller
Orchestration: Harry Connick Jr.
Soloist: Charles Goold, Jerry Weldon, Lucien Barbarin, Mark Braud
Coordination: Maria S. Betro
Music Preparation: Geoff Burke
Copyist: Geoff Burke
Engineer: Vincent Caro
Mixing: Vincent Caro
Producer: Tracey Freeman
Assistant Engineer: Hyomin Kang, Rick Kwan
Art Direction: Arnold Levine
Design: Arnold Levine
Mastering: Vlado Meller
Digital Editing: Alex Venguer, Anthony Ruotolo, Bryant Pugh
Art Producer: Mary Ellen Stefanides
Executive Producer: Ann Marie Wilkins
Cover Photo: Palma Kolansky
References
External links
Audio samples at Harry Connick Jr.'s official Sony website.
2007 albums
Columbia Records albums
Harry Connick Jr. albums
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23582187
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subalaya
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Subalaya
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Subalaya is a town in the Birmaharajpur subdivision of Subarnapur district, Odisha, India. It is located on an island in size at the confluence of the Mahanadi river and Surubalijora.
This town is home to Subalaya High School and Subalaya College.
References
Cities and towns in Subarnapur district
Islands of Odisha
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6907591
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFGI
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WFGI
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WFGI may refer to:
WFGI-FM, a radio station (95.5 FM) licensed to Johnstown, Pennsylvania, United States
WFGI (AM), a radio station (940 AM) licensed to Charleroi, Pennsylvania, United States
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17341143
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAQs%20%28film%29
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FAQs (film)
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FAQs is a 2005 LGBT-themed independent film written and directed by Everett Lewis. The film tells the story of a group of young queer kids who have been discarded by straight society. They come together to form a de facto family under the wing of an African American vigilante drag queen named Destiny.
FAQs premiered at the 2005 Philadelphia International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival and had a limited theatrical release in 2006. While mainstream critics praised a number of the performances and certain aspects of the film, generally critical response was negative.
Plot
After filming a porn video and being ripped off by the producer (Arthur Roberts), India (Joe Lia) meets a street hustler. Moments later they are attacked by a pair of gay bashers. They split up and run and the bashers pursue India in their Jeep. They stop short at the sight of India standing next to Destiny (Allan Louis) a vigilante African American drag queen pointing a gun at them. Destiny vandalizes the Jeep and takes the coat from one of the bashers. Destiny invites the homeless India to live with her. There he meets Lester (Minerva Vier), a young lesbian and another of Destiny's "orphans."
The next morning, upon learning that Destiny is a porn director India panics and plans to leave. He tells Destiny about being ripped off and she asks if he wants to kill the producer. He says yes, and that he wants to kill all straight people. India goes to the producer's home with a gun. He finds the producer and pulls the trigger, but the gun is not loaded.
A few days later, as they discuss plans to foment the collapse of the straight world, Destiny, India and Lester meet Spencer (Lance Lee Davis), a graffiti artist and self-proclaimed "bomber," They immediately "adopt" him. After spending the night together, Spencer and India discover the basher's address inside his coat and decide they want to go bash him.
As Destiny and her friend Matinee (Tara Nova) socialize in Destiny's car, Officer Vic Damone (Vince Parenti) comes to warn them that the police are on the lookout for roving bands of vigilante drag queens and to watch out for themselves. Destiny (realizing that Vic is attracted to her) advises him that they're already always watching out for themselves.
Spencer and India are approached on the street by a photographer. As the pair pose together nude on a bed, Spencer recites a litany of injuries he has received at the hands of his parents and other straights. India tries to comfort him but Spencer says he no longer has feelings and doesn't let anyone in. India vows to protect him from the straights.
The next morning, on the way to the basher's house, India discovers a detonator in Spencer's backpack. Spencer tells him that he plans to blow up his parents. India tries to dissuade him but Spencer is not convinced that bombing straights isn't the way to go.
India and Spencer spot the basher in his neighborhood and argue over whether they should bash him as Spencer wants or try to "save" him as India wants. India has adopted Destiny's theory, that all gay bashers are themselves repressed gays who need to be saved.
India returns the basher's jacket. The basher, Guy (Adam Larson), admits that he's gay. He packs his things and tells the other basher, his roommate Quentin (Josh Paul) that he's gay, he loves him and believes Quentin loves him too.
Quentin has a gun to his head, contemplating suicide, but is interrupted by his brother. Quentin angrily acknowledges that he is gay and drives away.
Destiny tells Vic she's in love with him and Vic tells Destiny he's in love with her too. As Vic leaves for work, he passes India, Spencer and Guy with his gun pointed in their general direction. They confront Destiny about being involved with a cop, until Destiny realizes who Guy is and orders him out. India and Spencer threaten to leave with him, but Guy agrees to go. India appeals to Destiny and she relents. India and Spencer chase after him but can't find him. Meanwhile, Guy returns to the apartment and apologizes for attacking them. Destiny accepts him and Lester nicknames him "Killer."
India wants to make plans for the evening with Spencer but Spencer already has plans, to blow up his parents. India begs him not to go, saying that he won't come back from it.
Destiny interrupts another gay bashing. The basher strikes her with a baseball bat and Destiny shoots him. Later, Vic comforts her and Destiny tells him he has to be careful around her kids. They all have "police stories."
Quentin, in response to a message from Guy, arrives at Destiny's apartment, where he finds Guy in bed with India and Spencer. Quentin orders him to come away with him, giving him the choice of "straight or dead." The boys argue that Quentin is in love with Guy and Quentin breaks down, admitting how much in love with Guy he is. Quentin again points the gun at his own head but Guy stops him and they kiss.
India appeals again to Spencer not to blow up his parents. He says that if Spencer really wants to kill them, he will help, but if Spencer really wants to blow them away, he will stay with India. "All we have to do is kiss, because when two guys kiss it's like a bomb going off in the straight world. Our kisses are louder than bombs." Spencer admits that he has fallen in love with India but is terrified because he's losing control. But he also feels safe, like he's home. India tells him that wherever they are, as long as they are together they're home. They kiss, and with each kiss they call out a target that their kiss has destroyed like a bomb, finally declaring that they will blow up the whole straight world.
Cast
Joe Lia as India
Allan Louis as Destiny
Lance Lee Davis as Spencer
Adam Larson as Guy
Josh Paul as Quentin
Arthur Roberts as Pornographer
Minerva Vier as Lester
Vince Parenti as Officer Vic Damone
Tara Nova as Matinee
Critical response
FAQs was generally poorly received by mainstream critics. The Los Angeles Times, while calling Louis' Destiny a "striking mix of Grace Jones and Catwoman," found that the "campier aspects are not enough to make up for its lapses into melodrama and just plain silliness." The Philadelphia City Paper largely concurred, finding the film hard to take seriously with its premise that every gay basher is really a closet homosexual and the concept of Destiny's character completely unbelievable. While finding a "reasonable tale" in Lewis' story and praising the performances, particularly those of Louis and Lia, nonetheless the conclusion is that the film is "awash in aimless, campless hyperbole and hysteria." The LA Weekly offered kudos to Lewis for his "adept[ness] at modulating both tension and free-flowing interpersonal relationships" and praising cinematographer Kelly, but notes that the film "seems less comfortable in its own skin than his other work...the dialogue is blunter, and harder for his amateur cast to pull off, while Lewis’ stridency, however justified, ultimately jars against the film's tender, all-is-love fantasia."
Notes
External links
2005 films
American LGBT-related films
Films directed by Everett Lewis
American vigilante films
2000s vigilante films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
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23582194
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuadoran%20spiny%20pocket%20mouse
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Ecuadoran spiny pocket mouse
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The Ecuadoran spiny pocket mouse (Heteromys teleus) is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is endemic to central western Ecuador, where it is found at elevations from sea level to 2000 m on the coastal plain and western slopes of the Andes. The species is nocturnal and lives in dry tropical evergreen forests of the southernmost extension of the Choco; it creates well-defined runways, and is often found near streams. It is threatened by deforestation and fragmentation of its remaining habitat.
References
Heteromys
Mammals of Ecuador
Mammals described in 2002
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56565896
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Lugard%20Brayne
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Frank Lugard Brayne
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Frank Lugard Brayne (6 January 1882 – 3 April 1952) was an administrator in the Indian Civil Service (ICS) during the British Raj era. A nephew of Lord Lugard, who was zealous in his attempts to improve what he considered to be a "backward" Africa (to fight against slavery and human sacrifice), Brayne had a similar evangelical outlook and was considered to be a maverick in the ICS. He attracted the opprobrium of both his colleagues and Indian people themselves in his attempts to improve the life of villagers in the Punjab Province of India.
Life
Frank Lugard Brayne was born on 6 January 1882. A son of the Reverend R. T. W. Brayne, he attended Monkton Combe School before being admitted to Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he held a scholarship.
Brayne passed the competitive examination for appointment to the Indian Civil Service (ICS) in 1905. He was sent to the Punjab, where he worked for some time as secretary to Delhi Municipality during the period when the planning of New Delhi was underway. During World War I, he served with the 18th Lancers of the British Indian Army, being mostly based in the Middle East. He was appointed a temporary lieutenant in June 1915, and the Kingdom of Serbia awarded him the Order of St. Sava, fifth class, in 1917.
He was awarded the Military Cross in 1919 while serving as a temporary lieutenant in Egypt. The citation for that award was:
After the war, Brayne returned to the Punjab and in 1920 he married Iris Goodeve, a daughter of Edgar Goble. He became district officer of Gurgaon, some from Delhi, at a time when the area, comprising a population of around 700,000, was suffering greatly from a recent influenza epidemic, a failed monsoon and the return of soldiers from the war. To counter the deprivation, Brayne initiated what became known as the Gurgaon Scheme, in which he hoped to alleviate the plight of peasants in all its aspects by encouraging and facilitating the idea of self-help. He wrote several books about this, including Village Uplift in India, Socrates in an Indian Village, Socrates Persists in India, and Socrates at School, as well as one comparing rural life in India with that of England. The scheme was not a success.
Clive Dewey argued, in his book Anglo-Indian Attitudes: The Mind of the Indian Civil Service, that Brayne's approach to rural uplift was bound to fail, because Indian peasants did not share Brayne's evangelical values – not least his belief that poverty-stricken cultivators in famine-stricken areas could revolutionise their standard of living by working harder and practising thrift, without any assistance from the state. His conclusions, which were supported by years of research in Indian archives and by extensive interviews with Brayne's contemporaries, were accepted by several members of the ICS and have been endorsed by subsequent historians. Philip Mason, himself a former member of the ICS, and the author of the most famous history of the service, described Brayne as being More recently, Atiyab Sultan said that Brayne's interventionism had a "missionary zeal" and that his methods were "more prescriptive" than those of Malcolm Lyall Darling, who was another somewhat maverick British administrator in Punjab.
One of Brayne's sons, Thomas Lugard Brayne, became embroiled in a controversy in The Times Literary Supplement and the Telegraph following the publication of Dewey's book in 1993. He believed that Dewey had seriously misrepresented his father, unreasonably portrayed the character of the ICS itself, and misled the Brayne family, whose collection of private papers he used. In his rejoinders, Dewey pointed out that when he asked for permission to use Brayne's papers, he believed that Brayne's Gurgaon Experiment had been a success, because he only had Brayne's vainglorious accounts of his own achievements to go on; and he only lost confidence in Brayne's form of "rural reconstruction" after the overwhelming mass of evidence showed how dismally it had failed. It was impossible, he maintained, to take Brayne at his own valuation. Brayne boasted that he could 'do anything with propaganda' – and propaganda is what his work remained. At best, it raised the official awareness of the problems of the peasantry, without providing effective solutions.
By 1937, Brayne was Commissioner for Rural Reconstruction in the Punjab and in 1940 he was Financial Commissioner (Development) there. In December 1941, he was appointed as a 2nd lieutenant, having retired from the ICS to become welfare officer and then Commissioner for Resettlement of Soldiers in Punjab.
Brayne returned to England prior to Indian independence. He settled at The Glebe, a farm in Ashill, Norfolk, where he attempted to apply his theories of agriculture to an area of . He died on 3 April 1952 at The Glebe, at which time his military rank was stated as being Colonel. He was survived by his wife, four sons and two daughters.
Awards
Aside from being awarded the Military Cross, Brayne was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1941, having been made a Companion of the Order of the Star of India in 1937. He also held the Volunteer Decoration. His wife, Iris Goodeve Brayne, had been awarded the Kaiser-i-Hind Medal in 1928.
See also
Mark Lugard Brayne
References
Citations
Further reading
1952 deaths
Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
Economy of British India
Companions of the Order of the Star of India
Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
Recipients of the Military Cross
British Indian Army officers
Indian Army personnel of World War II
People from Ashill, Norfolk
Recipients of the Order of St. Sava
Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
People educated at Monkton Combe School
20th-century English writers
20th-century English male writers
English farmers
English evangelicals
History of Punjab
1882 births
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6907593
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFGI-FM
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WFGI-FM
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WFGI-FM (95.5 FM, "Froggy 95.5") is a Froggy branded country music formatted radio station in Pennsylvania serving the Johnstown area. The station is owned and operated by Forever Media Inc.
History
The station began at 96.5 (now WKYE) as WJNL-FM in 1973 as the sister station to WJNL. They played easy to listen to music and had news updates hourly. It was known as this until it was purchased in 1996 by Clear Channel Communications. Then it became "96.5 the Mountain" with the callsign WMTZ and began playing country music. In 2005, Clear Channel decided to leave the Johnstown market and sold its station properties to Altoona-based Forever Broadcasting. Forever wanted to expand its Froggyland into the Pittsburgh area and the 96.5 signal was not able to do so. The 95.5 signal was able to with no problem, so in February 2005 the station became Froggy 95 (as it is still today).
Signal abilities
WFGI-FM has a very strong signal that can be heard as far west as western suburbs of Pittsburgh and even eastern Ohio and as far east as Mifflin County, where it starts conflicting with WMRF on 95.7 FM from Lewistown. In recent years however the coverage area has faded, due to short space same and adjacent stations (e.g. WZWW on 95.3 FM from Bellefonte) and also weather conditions having effect on coverage presumably from flora.
Multipath issues
WFGI-FM has always suffered from signal degradation in the city of license, primarily because of the excessive height above the city as well as multipath caused by the local terrain of the Allegheny plateau. There are multiple areas in Johnstown that cause that station to have multipath.
Weekday Programming
5 a.m. to 10 a.m. - The Morning Splash with Boss Frog and Bo Moore
10 a.m. to 3 p.m. - Russell Croak
3 p.m. to 7 p.m. - Gator
7p.m. to 12 a.m. - The Lia Show (referred to as Hoppin Lia)
Saturday Programming
7 p.m. to 12 a.m. - The Lia Show (referred to as Hoppin Lia)
Sunday Programming
8 a.m. to 12 p.m. - Bob Kingsley's Country Top 40 with Fitz
8 p.m. to 10 p.m. - The Road with Steve Stuart
External links
FGY
Radio stations established in 1971
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44507400
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunga%20Forest%20Botanical%20Reserve
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Bunga Forest Botanical Reserve
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The Bunga Forest Botanical Reserve conserves mist-forest along the southern slopes of the Bvumba Mountains in the Eastern Highlands, Zimbabwe. It is the largest conserved area in the Bvumba highlands, and can be accessed from various points along the circuitous Burma Valley Road. The forest was logged for timber up to the mid 20th century.
Flora
Syzygium guineense predominates the primary forest, and Dracaena fragrans is common in its shaded undershrub. Pioneer plants include Aphloia theiformis, Macaranga mellifera and Maesa lanceolata. Albizia gummifera and A. schimperiana dominate the lower slopes and western rain shadow. Bracken-briar on the forest verges is populated by Pteridium aquilinum, Smilax anceps, Buddleja salviifolia, besides Vangueria and Vernonia species.
Fauna
Marshall's pygmy chameleon is present, as is several range-restricted birds, including Swynnerton's robin, Stripe-cheeked greenbul, Chirinda apalis and White-tailed crested-flycatcher.
Vicinity
The Vumba Botanical Gardens, Leopard Rock Hotel, White Horse Inn, Seldomseen Cottages, Genaina Guest House and coffee shop are all in its immediate vicinity. Banti Forest Reserve is situated some 22 km to the south.
References
External links
Topographic map of the area
Eastern Highlands
Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic
Mutare District
Protected areas of Zimbabwe
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44507407
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilwar
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Dilwar
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Dilwar may refer to:
Dilwar Khan (1937–2013), Bangladeshi poet
Dilwar Khan (1585-1666), Muslim ruler of Sandwip
Dilwar Hussain (born 1970), British academic and consultant on social policy, Muslim identity and Islamic reform
Dilwar, a 2019 Bhojpuri movie starring Sanjay Pandey
Saint Dilwar, a Welsh saint
See also
Dilawar (disambiguation)
Delwar Hussain, an English writer, anthropologist and correspondent for The Guardian
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56565910
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Beno%C3%AEt%20Alphonse%20R%C3%A9vial
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Louis Benoît Alphonse Révial
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Alphonse Révial, real name Marie Pauline Françoise Louis Benoît Alphonse Révial (29 May 1810 – 13 October 1871) was a 19th-century French tenor and singing professor.
Biography
Born in Toulouse, Révial entered the Conservatoire de Paris on 23 October 1829. He obtained the second prize in singing at the 1831 competition, the first prize in 1832.
On 15 April 1833, he made his debut at the Opéra-Comique in Daniel-François-Esprit Auber's Fra Diavolo. The first role he created was in the Prison d'Édimbourg, by Michele Enrico Carafa, on 20 July 1833. For a few years he was the first tenor of Opéra-Comique; On 23 March 1835, he premiered the role of Prince Yang in Aubert's Le cheval de bronze; on 23 January 1836, the role of count Léoni in Auber's Actéon.
After the debut of Gustave-Hippolyte Roger, Révial could not stay; he retired in April 1838, and left for Italy, where he worked to perfect his organ and his vocalization mechanism. In 1840 he sang in the theatre of Varese, as the first tenor. Returning to Paris at the beginning of 1841, he appeared in concerts in a few cities in France and London, then he was hired as the first tenor of the Hague Theatre in 1842.
Returning to Paris in 1843, he renounced the stage and successfully began teaching. In July 1846, he was appointed singing teacher at the Conservatoire de Paris. He remained so until 1868. Among his main students were MM. Merly, Marc Bonnehée, Wicart, Moreri, Victor Capoul, Pedro Gailhard, Renard, Mrs Marie Cico, Brunet-LafleurCaroline Girard, Dérasse, and Juliette Borghèse.
Révial died in Étretat on 13 October 1871 at age 61.
Notes and references
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Louis Benoît Alphonse Révial on www.artlyriquefr.fr
1810 births
1871 deaths
Musicians from Toulouse
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
French operatic tenors
19th-century French male singers
Conservatoire de Paris faculty
French music educators
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56565936
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Ledge%20Historic%20District
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River Ledge Historic District
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The River Ledge Historic District is a primarily residential historic district located along Jefferson, Scott, and Lincoln Streets between Franklin and Maple Streets in Grand Ledge, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
History
The Grand Ledge area was first settled in the 1840s. In 1849, a dam and sawmill were constructed across the Grand River at the site, and in 1850 the first commercial establishment in the town opened. In 1853, the first portion of the new settlement was platted; by 1860 about 225 people lived in Grand Ledge. It was about this time that development in the River Ledge Historic District began, as Jefferson became one of the most prestigious streets to live on. In 1869, the Ionia and Lansing Railroad was constructed through Grand Ledge, bringing a trade catering to visitors, as well as a new manufacturing base, to Grand Ledge. Along with the new prosperity came accelerated development in the district, as well-to-do local businessmen and manufacturers began constructing houses.
Some of the earliest residents of the district include Edmund Lamson, the founder of Grand Ledge and the first village president; Frank D. Fitzgerald, Governor of Michigan from 1936 to 1939; Edward A. Turnbull, owner of the Grand Ledge Chair Company; hardware dealers Hillard J. Babcock and Sylvester B. Granger; grocer George Coryell; building contractor Elmer Edwards; and doctors Abraham DeGroff and Andrew G. Stanka.
Gtowth in the district continued to accelerate through the nineteenth century, with the period of most growth occurring between about 1895 and 1920. Development began to slow then, with the last historically significant structure in the district, the public library, constructed in 1931.
Description
The River Ledge Historic District contains 282 buildings, of which 235 contribute to the historic nature of the district. All but eight of the buildings were constructed as housing, and nearly all of the houses are single family residences. The structures in the district date from the 1850s to the 1920s, and include a broad range of architectural styles, including Greek Revival and Gothic Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow/craftsman. The district contains the hares of many prominent citizens of early Grand Ledge, as well as several historic civic and church buildings.
Some of the significant structures in the district include:
Summers House (520 E. Jefferson): Builtin 1874, this house has paired-bracket eaves, and is one of the best examples of Italianate architecture in the neighborhood.
Edmund Lamson House (405-407 W. Jefferson): An L-shaped, upright-and-wing-type house, with Gothic-arch-head windows.
Sheets-Fitzgerald House (219 W. Jefferson): Built in 1907 and designed by Lansing architect Edwin A. Bowd, this Colonial Revival house has triangular and segmental-arch pedimented dormers, keystones over the windows, and a paneled-pilaster front porch.
First Baptist Church (now Church of Christ) (205 W. Scott): Built in 1874, this church is a brick, Gothic structure with a 1931 tower addition at the corner.
First United Methodist Church (411 Harrison): Built in 1911 on the same site as its 1874 predecessor church, this building is a brick Gothic structure.
Trinity Episcopal Church (201 E. Jefferson): Built in 1911/13, this church is a brick, Gothic structure with corner tower.
Free Methodist Church (now First United Methodist Church annex) (406 S. Bridge): Build about 1900, this is a stucco-clad structure with a corner tower.
Public library (131 E. Jefferson): The Ladies Library Association first began advocating for a library building in 1911; this structure was finally constructed in 1931. It is a red-brick, Renaissance Revival-style structure with a green tile roof, and a large rear wing added in 1958.
References
National Register of Historic Places in Eaton County, Michigan
Victorian architecture in Michigan
Colonial Revival architecture in Michigan
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56565937
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide%20of%20Forcalquier
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Adelaide of Forcalquier
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Jeanne, Dauphine d'Auvergne (11th-century - after 1129) was a suo jure reigning countess of Forcalquier in 1110-1129
She was the daughter of William Bertrand of Provence. She married Ermengol IV, Count of Urgell.
References
Counts of Forcalquier
11th-century births
1129 deaths
11th-century women rulers
12th-century women rulers
11th-century French people
11th-century French women
12th-century French people
12th-century French women
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56565965
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopsgate%20House%2C%20Egham
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Bishopsgate House, Egham
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Bishopsgate House is a large house in Englefield Green, Egham, Surrey, England. Its 42-acre estate lies close to one of the entrances to Windsor Great Park. It was built immediately to the south of the old Bishops Gate House that was demolished in the twentieth century.
History
In 1863, Bishops Gate House was home to Charles Joyce, a member of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, and in 1872, a four and a half year lease (then renewable yearly) was granted to Richard James Ashton.
During the Second World War, the house was the headquarters of 4 Wireless Group of the Royal Corps of Signals, who occupied a number of large country houses in the Egham area.
Bishopsgate House was built in the later twentieth century and is "one of several British homes" of the Saudi billionaire Walid Juffali and his second wife Christina Estrada, until his death in July 2016, who acquired it from his parents in about 2001. There were "three butlers, six gardeners, five maids, two laundry girls, two drivers, two personal assistants, two nannies and an estate manager on the staff". Juffali's art collection, estimated at £4 million, which includes art installations and sculpture in the garden and fittings from the house, will be auctioned onsite by Bonham's on 26 March 2018.
References
Country houses in Surrey
Borough of Runnymede
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44507417
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%20Grabe%2C%20WAB%202
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Am Grabe, WAB 2
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(At the grave), WAB 2, is an elegy composed by Anton Bruckner in 1861, for men's voices a capella.
History
Am Grabe is a revised a cappella setting of the elegy Vor Arneths Grab, WAB 53. The elegy was performed on the funeral of Josephine Hafferl on 11 February 1861.
The original manuscript is stored in the archive of the Liedertafel Frohsinn. The song, which was edited first by Wöß, Universal Edition, in 1924, is put in Band XXIII/2, No. 13 of the .
In addition, an autograph slight revision of the song has been found on an undated copy of the manuscript (Mus.Hs. 2104).
Music
The 21-bar-long, a cappella setting discarded the fourth strophe of Marinelli's text. The voice score of the first two strophes (bars 1-8) is almost identical to that of Vor Arneths Grab. The score of the third strophe is 5 bars longer. From bar 15 the score is different and ends at bars 19-21 alike bars 26-28 of the original setting.
A score with another text by Gottfried Grote has been issued by Schott Music in 1961.
There is also an arrangement by Jeff Reynolds for 4-part trombone ensemble (with optional contrabass trombone part).
Discography
There is only one recording of the full setting of Am Grabe:
Łukasz Borowicz, Anton Bruckner: Requiem, RIAS Kammerchor Berlin, Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin – CD: Accentus ACC30474, 2019 - revised version (Cohrs edition, based on manuscript Mus.Hs. 2104).
NB: On CD LIVA 027, only the first two strophes were recorded.
References
Sources
August Göllerich, Anton Bruckner. Ein Lebens- und Schaffens-Bild, – posthumous edited by Max Auer by G. Bosse, Regensburg, 1932
Anton Bruckner – Sämtliche Werke, Band XXIII/2: Weltliche Chorwerke (1843–1893), Musikwissenschaftlicher Verlag der Internationalen Bruckner-Gesellschaft, Angela Pachovsky and Anton Reinthaler (Editor), Vienna, 1989
Cornelis van Zwol, Anton Bruckner 1824–1896 – Leven en werken, uitg. Thoth, Bussum, Netherlands, 2012.
Crawford Howie, Anton Bruckner - A documentary biography, online revised edition
External links
Am Grabe f-Moll, WAB 2 Critical discography by Hans Roelofs
A live performance of Am Grabe by the Wagner Society Male Choir of Japan, 11 December 1988, can be heard on YouTube: Am Grabe, WAB 2 - with Gottfried Grote's text
Weltliche Chorwerke by Anton Bruckner
1861 compositions
Compositions in F minor
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17341153
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artnet
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Artnet
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Artnet.com is an art market website. It is operated by Artnet Worldwide Corporation, which has headquarters in New York City, in the United States, and is owned by Artnet AG, a German publicly traded company based in Berlin that is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. The company increased revenues by 24.3% to 17.3 million EUR in 2015 compared with a year before.
Company history
The company was founded as Centrox Corporation in 1989 by Pierre Sernet, a French collector who developed database software which allowed images of artworks to be associated with market prices. Hans Neuendorf, a German art dealer, began to invest in the company in the 1990s; he became chairman in 1992 and chief executive officer in 1995. In the same year the name was changed to Artnet Worldwide Corporation. It was taken over by Artnet AG in 1998. Neuendorf's son Jacob Pabst became chief executive officer in July 2012.
Website
Artnet operates an international research and trading platform for the art market, including works of fine art, decorative arts and design. It provides services that promote accessibility, allowing users to research art, contact galleries directly, and to attain price transparency in the art market. The platform caters specifically to art dealers, as well as buyers.
In 2008, Artnet launched the first online auctions platform exclusively for works of art. In 2015, artnet.com saw a 120% increase in new registrations, rising sell-through rates and a notable increase in numbers of lots sold.
In October 2008, Artnet launched a French website, artnet.fr. It also included a French language magazine which offers a critical overview of the French art market.
In February 2014 the company launched Artnet News, a 24-hour news site. Benjamin Genocchio, former editorial director of Louise Blouin Media, was appointed editor-in-chief. In November 2017 Genocchio was accused by multiple women of sexual harassment, primarily originating during his time as editor-in-chief at Artnet.
Services
The primary service of this business is Artnet online auctions. The Artnet Fine Art and Design Price Database and the Artnet Decorative Art Price Database contain over 10 million auction sale results dating back to 1985 from over 1700 international auction houses. Market value and long-term price developments of artworks can be researched online.
An additional key product is the Artnet online Gallery Network, an online platform that connects galleries and collectors from around the world. With over 35,000 artists and 2,200 international galleries worldwide, it is the largest network of its kind, drawing a broad audience and generating inquiries from both serious collectors and first-time buyers.
Subscribing galleries can list works for sale on the site.
Collaborations
In 2004, Artnet and the international auction house Sotheby's began a collaboration.
A collaboration with Art Basel/Art Basel Miami Beach was launched in 2007.
References
External links
Companies based in Berlin
Companies based in New York City
Online databases
Art websites
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56565984
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daria%20Obratov
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Daria Obratov
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Daria Obratov (; born 12 December 1989) is a Croatian luger. She competed in the women's singles event at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
She used to play handball in her youth, but after knee injury and 8 operations, she took up luge. She failed to qualify to 2010 and 2014 Olympics.
By qualifying for the 2018 Winter Olympics she became the first Croatian luger to compete at the Winter Olympics. She finished 27th in the singles category.
Seven months later, in September 2018, she announced plans to leave Croatia to continue training in the Netherlands and also compete for that country.
Her first competition for Netherlands was the 2018–19 Luge World Cup where she finished 29th overall.
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
Croatian female lugers
Dutch female lugers
Olympic lugers of Croatia
Lugers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Split, Croatia
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17341173
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20College%20for%20Women%20Dhoke%20Kala%20Khan
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Government College for Women Dhoke Kala Khan
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Government College for Women Dhoke Kala Khan is situated in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. It was established for women in 2004, and is located just a kilometer away from Faizabad, Islamabad.
Science is taught at intermediate level and arts at graduation and intermediate level.
The students are around 500 and the number of staff is 15.
Government College for Women Dhoke Kala Khan, Rawalpindi was inaugurated by Sheikh Rasheed Ahmad. The then Federal Minister who made a lot of girls schools in Rwp. Source : Junaid Sultan Resident of Dhok kala Khan Rawalpindi.
See also
Government College Asghar Mall Rawalpindi
External links
A news
Public universities and colleges in Punjab, Pakistan
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56566015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tereza%20Noskov%C3%A1
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Tereza Nosková
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Tereza Nosková (born 3 April 1997) is a Czech luger. She competed in the women's singles event at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
References
1997 births
Living people
Czech female lugers
Olympic lugers of the Czech Republic
Lugers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Jablonec nad Nisou
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56566017
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96lschnitz
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Ölschnitz
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Ölschnitz may refer to:
Ölschnitz (Red Main), headstream of the Red Main, Bavaria, Germany
Ölschnitz (White Main), headstream of the White Main, Bavaria, Germany
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44507418
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedosyne
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Hedosyne
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Hedosyne is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae.
There is only one known species, Hedosyne ambrosiifolia, native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico: Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Zacatecas, New Mexico, western Texas, southern Arizona. The species is sometimes referred to by the common name ragged marsh-elder.
References
Monotypic Asteraceae genera
Flora of the Southwestern United States
Flora of Northeastern Mexico
Heliantheae
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17341179
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%20Homestead%20Farm%20and%20Museum
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1812 Homestead Farm and Museum
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The 1812 Homestead Farm and Museum, sometimes known as the 1812 Homestead or the 1812 Homestead Inn, is a historic house located in Willsboro, New York, that currently operates as a living history museum.
Originally constructed in 1813 as an inn, the homestead now offers tours and programming allowing the visitors to experience what life was like at that time and educates visitors on 19th-century heritage. It is also the current home of the Burt School, which was originally located in Essex.
References
External links
1812 Homestead Educational Foundation
Hotel buildings completed in 1813
Museums in Essex County, New York
Historic house museums in New York (state)
Houses in Essex County, New York
Living museums in New York (state)
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44507421
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Murray%20Phillpotts
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Louis Murray Phillpotts
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Brigadier General Louis Murray Phillpotts, (3 June 1870 – 8 September 1916) was a senior British Army officer during the First World War.
Early life
Louis Murray Phillpotts was born on 3 June 1870 in Lamerton near Tavistock in Devon. His father, the Reverend Henry Phillpotts (1833-1919) (eldest son of Archdeacon William Phillpotts and grandson of Henry Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter) was at that time vicar of Lamerton. Louis was educated at Bedford School (under the headmastership of his uncle James Surtees Phillpotts) and at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.
British Army
Louis Phillpotts received his first commission as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery on 14 February 1890, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant on 14 February 1893. He served during the Second Boer War, between 1899 and 1901, where he fought in the Battle of Modder River (November 1899) and took part in the Relief of Kimberley in February 1900. He was promoted to the rank of captain on 23 January 1900, and served as a divisional adjutant in South Africa in 1901. Promotion to the rank of major followed on 3 July 1907. He served during the First World War, was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in October 1914, and to the rank of brigadier general in 1915.
Phillpotts was invested as a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order in September 1901, and as a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in June 1916.
Family life
Philpotts married Amy Anne Charlotte Duckett in 1909 and they had a son in Henry in 1910. Philpotts was killed in action in France on 8 September 1916, aged 46.
References
1870 births
1916 deaths
People from the Borough of West Devon
People educated at Bedford School
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
British Army personnel of World War I
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
British Army generals
Royal Artillery officers
British military personnel killed in World War I
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17341180
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaking%20in%20Strings
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Speaking in Strings
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Speaking in Strings is a 1999 documentary film directed by Paola di Florio. The film is based on the life of Italian-born violinist Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg, and it received a nomination for Best Feature Documentary Film at the 72nd Academy Awards.
Content
The film is based on the life and career of Italian-born classical violinist Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg, and provides an insight into the style of the artist - who is noted by critics for pouring her own emotions into her musical performances. The film started from Salerno-Sonnenberg's birth in Rome, and followed her story as she moved to United States at age 8 and was brought up by her mother in New Jersey. She grew up with her brother who is also a musician. The film concentrates on the violinist's difficult childhood as she had to experience scorn and laughter by her friends when she played a recording of Brahms in front of the class. This is among the incidents that caused the artist to develop her overly emotional performing style and personality as she became a professional violinist and rose to stardom. In the documentary, Salerno-Sonnenberg talks about periods of depression in her life and her suicide attempt; she also discusses her views on how music is connected to human emotions.
Production and release
The documentary was directed by Paola di Florio, a childhood friend of Salerno-Sonnenberg. Salerno-Sonnenberg appeared as herself in the film. Speaking in Strings was co-produced by two companies, Asphalt Films and CounterPoint Films.
Speaking in strings premiered at Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah in 1999. This same year, the documentary appeared in several film festivals, including Florida Film Festival, Mill Valley Film Festival, Newport International Film Festival, and Seattle International Film Festival. The film was released theatrically on October 29, 1999. A DVD version was released on June 26, 2001.
Reception
Box office
The film earned $1,519 in its opening weekend in one theater, and went on to gross $6,859 domestically within two weeks from release.
Critical reaction
The documentary received mixed response from critics. It got a score of 56 out of 100 based on 10 reviews at Metacritic, and 3.5 out of 4 stars at TV Guide. In general, critics agreed on the point that the film lacked information on the private life of Salerno-Sonnenberg, particularly her romance relationship which was mentioned during the documentary. Edward Guthmann of San Francisco Chronicle gave generally positive reviews, stating that the film "takes us inside Salerno-Sonnenberg's experience, challenging us to respect a woman so naturally intense that she can't help wearing out friends and colleagues, and alienating members of her audience."
Meanwhile, San Francisco Examiner 's critic Allan Ullrich criticised that, due to the musical excerpts used in the documentary, "the movie can't help looking like a prolonged promotional video." Critic Robert Hilferty of Village Voice called the documentary "a clumsy labor of love with unforgivable lapses", and noted that it "fails to show why Salerno-Sonnenberg's controversial interpretations are so original and valid." However, he added that it "sometimes rises to a compelling portrait of a neurotic personality". According to Hilferty, the documentary leaves an impression that music is the factor that "ruined" the life of the violinist.
Nominations and awards
Despite the mixed reviews by critics, Speaking in Strings received a nomination for Best Feature Documentary at the 72nd Academy Awards. The film won a Jury Award for Documentary Competition at the Newport International Film Festival and the same year, won a cable Ace Award.
References
External links
Speaking in strings at Internet Movie Database
Speaking in Strings at CounterPoint Films
Speaking in Strings at Seventh Art Releasing
1999 films
American documentary films
Documentary films about classical music and musicians
1999 documentary films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
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23582208
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldivians
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Maldivians
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Maldivians (; ދިވެހިން, dhivehin) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group and nation native to the historic region of the Maldive Islands comprising what is now the Republic of Maldives and the island of Minicoy in Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. All Maldivians share the same culture and speak the Maldivian language which is a member of the southern group of Indo-Aryan languages. For ethnographic and linguistic purposes as well as geo-political reasons, anthropologists divide the Maldivian people into 3 subgroups.
Subgroups
The main group of Maldivians, numbering more than 250,000. This is the group inhabiting the numerous atolls stretching from Ihavandhippolhu (Haa Alif) to Haddhunmathi (Laamu) in Maldives. They constitute over 70% of the total population of all Maldivians. In a larger scale, the third group also comes under this group. From this group comes the standard dialect of Maldivian language which is spoken in the Maldives capital Male' along with the central atolls. Slightly differing variants which are very closely related to the former are spoken in rest of the islands from the far north of Maldives down to Laamu Atoll.
The southern group of Maldivians, living in the three southernmost atolls of the equatorial zone (Huvadhu, Fuvahmulah and Addu atolls) in Maldives. This group numbers approximately 60,000 and constitute about 20% of the total population of all Maldivians. The earliest known settlements have been found in this region. According to researchers, this group of Maldivians have the closest proximity to the original Maldivian people in terms of linguistics as well as ethnicity. Each of the 3 atolls of this region speak their own distinctive forms of the Maldivian language (Huvadhu bas, Mulaku bas, Addu bas), which are significantly different from the rest and as researchers suggest having a closer affinity to what may have been the original.
The people of Minicoy (Malikun) – Mahls, numbering about 10,000. The island of Minicoy lies in the northern end of the atoll chain inhabited by Maldivians and is the northernmost group of the Maldivian people. They are only about 3% of the total amount of Maldivians. Although the people of Minicoy are identical to the main group of Maldivians from the first group in terms of ethnicity and linguistics and in a larger scale comes under that group, the day to day politics of Minicoy and after on the secession of the island from Maldivian rule and affiliating with the Indian government, thus acquiring a non-Maldivian citizenship has made this group to be labelled as one among the subgroups of Maldivians. Due to reasons such as politics, having to live in great isolation from the remaining Maldivian people, the Minicoians are steadily undergoing a process of acculturation. This group has its own dialect (called Maliku bas or Mahl) which retains some features of an older Maldivian, and shows Malayalam influences as well. Still, the dialect is mutually intelligible with the standard Maldivian dialect and is more related to the slighter variants of northern Maldives from the first group.
Myths and legends
There is no historical evidence about the origin of Maldivians; there is also no indication that there was any negrito or other aboriginal population, such as the Andamanese. No archaeology has been conducted to investigate the prehistory of the islands. There is, however, a Tamil–Malayalam substratum, in addition to other later cultural influences in the islands.
Bengali, Odia and Sinhalese people have had trading connections to Dhivehi people in the past.
Conjectures have been made by scholars who argue that the ancestors of Maldivian people arrived to the Maldives from North West and West India, from Kalibangan between 2500 and 1700 BC and that they formed a distinct ethnic group around the 6th century BC.
Myths of origin
According to Maldivian folklore the main myths of origin are reflecting the dependence of the Maldivians on the coconut tree and the tuna fish.
A legend says that the first inhabitants of the Maldives died in great numbers, but a great sorcerer or fandita man made coconut trees grow out of the skulls of the buried corpses of the first settlers. Therefore, the coconut tree is said to have an anthropomorphic origin according to Maldive lore for this reason. The word naashi (coconut shell) is also the word used for skull in Dhivehi language.
The coconut tree occupies a central place in the present-day Maldive national emblem.
The tuna fish is said to have been brought to the Maldivian waters by a mythical seafarer (maalimi) called Bodu Niyami Kalēfanu who went close to the Dagas (the mythical tree at the end of the world) to bring this valuable fish.
Legend of the first settlers
One of the earliest people who settled in the Maldives were from the Malabar Coast of India and northwestern shores of Sri Lanka, and are of Tamils and Malayalis ancestry, which is clear through strong Tamil–Malayalam substratum in language and culture. The Giraavaru people are considered as one of the earliest settlers. They were technologically advanced people, building sailing boats called dhonis.
These people used words such as varam for the islands in which they lived. Examples given in the old manuscript are: Noḷivaram, Kuruhinnavaram, and Girāvaram. Many of the old terms used by Maldivian fishermen come from the Dravidian languages, leading one to the assumption that these terms were brought by people from southern coastal India in ancient times. Historical records show that in the southern and central atolls of the Maldives, occupations such as farming and weaving were important in the early days.
A short time after the arrival of the Indo-Aryans and the introduction of the Hindu religion, a prince of India is said to have arrived in the Maldives. This is the period calculated earlier from oral tradition, and the story also corresponds to that from the Mahavamsa chronicle of Sri Lanka, about the king's son who was exiled from his country and arrived in Lanka, one of his ships losing its way and arriving in the Maldives. In the Maldivian legend, the prince who arrived in the Maldives, was the son of Brahmaditiya, king of Kalinga (Brahmadatta, King of Kalinga at the time of Buddha's death c. 500 – 350 BC), a kingdom on the south-east of India (modern Orissa). King Brahmaditiya was displeased with his son and sent him to Dheeva Maari (Maldives). The name of this prince was Sri Soorudasaruna.
Sri Soorudasaruna established a kingdom of the Adeetha Vansha Dynasty (Solar Dynasty) in Dhiva Maari, a short period before the reign of Emperor Ashoka in India. This would place the establishment of the first kingdom in the Maldives circa the 4th century BC. The tradition then states that Emperor Ashoka established his kingdom in Pataliputra in India, and that his people went preaching the religion and teachings of Buddha to a place called Bairat, to the west of Pataliputra. A group of people came to the Maldives from Bairat in order to teach the religion of Buddha. These people are said to have arrived in these islands during Ashoka's reign, probably when he sent Buddhist missionaries to all the neighbouring countries, in the 3rd century BC. At the time the Buddhist missionaries arrived in the Maldives, the country was called Dheeva Mahl.
Around the 2nd century AD there was an influx of Arab traders who travelled and stopped by at the Maldives en route to the Far East – their first record of the Maldives islands, which they called Mahal Dibiyat, is from the Arab travellers. Maldives provided enormous quantities of cowry shells, an international currency of the early ages. The cowry is now the symbol of the Maldives Monetary Authority. Mahal Dibiyat is the name given to the islands by medieval Arab travellers.
Abu al-Barakat Yusuf al-Barbari, a North African Arab, is credited with converting the Maldivians to Islam in 1153.
Legend of the first ruling dynasty
The myth of the origin of the ruling dynasty is the story of a prince named Koimala. In the Muslim traditions recorded in the Lōamāafāanu and Rādavaḷi chronicles all the pre-Muslim royalty are represented by a king, whose successor was converted to Islam. The name Koimala Kalo is also suggestive: koi or koyi in Maldivian language means son, lad or prince (derived from Malayalam koya, son, prince, master, cf. the Dravidian root kō, king). The component malā may or may not be derived from māla as in Māla-dīv, but, if so, the name would mean 'prince of the Maldives'. The term kalō is a common word of man, used as a term of endearment. The title of former Maldivian kings was kattiri bovana mahaa radun, 'Kattiri' (ކައްތިރި) meaning Kshatriya in Maldivian language.
One oral tradition says that the Giraavaru people are the indigenous people of the Maldives who were in the islands before Koimala arrived. They are of Tamil origin, and the earliest island community of the Maldives; their presence predates Buddhism and the arrival of Indo-Aryans in the archipelago. This may be the reason that the Dhivehi kinship system is partly of Dravidian origin, and bears evidence of some matriliny, like the Nayar and other matrilineal groups of Kerala. Some of the kinship terms are clearly derived from Malayalam.
Five versions of the myth are given here and their significance in terms of culture history explained.
1. The following version was recorded by Bell in 1922:
Once upon a time, when the Maldives were still sparsely inhabited, a prince of royal birth named Koimala, who had married the daughter of the king of Ceylon, made a voyage with her in two vessels from Srendib [Sri Lanka] Island. Reaching the Maldives they were becalmed and rested a while at Rasgetheemu island in North Maalhosmadulu Atoll.
The Maldive Islanders, learning that the two chief visitors were of Ceylon Royal descent invited them to remain; and ultimately proclaimed Koimala their king at Rasgetheemu, the original 'King's Island'.
Subsequently, Koimala and his spouse migrated thence to Male' and settled there with the consent of the aborigines of Giraavaru Island, then the most important community of Male' Atoll.
The two ships were dispatched to Lanka, and brought over other people of 'the Lion Race' (Sinhalese).
To Koimala and his queen was born a male child who was called Kalaminja. He reigned as a Buddhist for twelve years, and was then converted to Islam, ruling for thirteen years more before finally departing for Mecca.
This ruler's daughter married the chief minister and reigned as a nominal Sultana. She gave birth to a son also called Kalaminja, who, in turn, married a lady of the country.
From them the subsequent rulers of the Maldives were descended.
2. According to this version, which Maloney heard in Male', Koimala's parents came from India, not Sri Lanka: The Indian king was angry with his son, and sent him off with his wife in two boats; they had 700 soldiers. They came to Rasgetheemu in Raa Atoll, and when he became king there, people called that island Rasgetheemu "King's Landing". Then the king and queen came to Male', and Koimala was born from that Indian couple.
3. The following variant Maloney heard in Noon Atoll: "... When Koimala and his wife came, there were already people here. Because she was a princess of royal lineage, people asked her husband to rule. Koimala sent ships to Sri Lanka and brought back more people. It is said that a beautiful woman named Malakamana from the Maldives was one of the early people who settled Sri Lanka."
4. A myth Maloney heard in Manadhoo, Noon Atoll, is, in condensed form, as follows:
One day, while a hunter king of Sri Lanka was hunting, he caught a man-beast in his net. The man-beast couldn't walk, so the king taught him to do it. The man-beast then married the king's daughter, but he made political trouble in Sri Lanka, so was forced to leave. He and the princess arrived in Rasgetheemu and they lived there for some time, where the locals there asked them to rule them.
5. Another version Maloney heard in Hulhumeedhoo, Addu Atoll, in the far south of the country, is as follows:
There was a king of India who was a hunter. Once, while out hunting with a net, he saw a creature which is like a human, but which walked on all fours, and which disturbed the people. This creature would also take hunters' nets and steal their prey, so the king couldn't get any catch. The king considered how he might capture this creature. He made big weights for his net, which no ordinary human could lift, and which would prevent the creature from taking the hunting net. One day, the king, with the help of many men, put the net over the creature, which could not get out because of the large stone weights. The king took the creature to the palace and looked after him well, and because he knew no language, the king taught him language, which took a long time. The creature started helping the king by showing him treasures in the forest, and the king came to respect him.
The king had a daughter who fell in love with this creature (in an alternate version, the king forced his daughter to marry the creature). The king, being angry, put the couple on a ship and sent them off into exile. Their ship came to Laam (Hadummati) Atoll (towards the south), where the exiled pair saw a crow which cried. They thought the crow was not a good omen, and it was therefore undesirable to land there, so they went on to Male'. They settled in what is now Sultan Park (site of the former palace) and started a kingdom.
After fifteen years, a jinni began to come from the ocean every once a month and disturbed the people... (from here follows the story of the saint who came and dispelled the jinni and caused all the people to become converted to Islam from Buddhism and Hinduism).
Gujaratis
Maloney says Gujarat, with its indented coastline and its proximity to the old navigation routes of the Mesopotamian and Indus civilisations, has apparently maintained a tradition of navigation over the past 4000 years. Certainly the earliest Buddhist literature indicates active seafaring from its ports. It was from Gujarat that North Indian civilisation impinged upon the Maldives and Sri Lanka. From Gujarat, North Indian civilisation also expanded to Java and other parts of South-east Asia. The export of this civilisation to all coasts of South Asia and South-east Asia began about 500 B.C., but during the Mauryan period and the diffusion of Buddhism, sea traffic in the Bay of Bengal supplemented and, to some extent, surpassed that originating along the coasts of Western India.
Three Jataka tales cited above seem to refer to the Maldives, particularly the comment that exiles from Bharukaccha went to a thousand islands [Laccadive and Maldive islands] where they found standing room, and that these were near an island named for coconuts [Kerala]. This suggests that not only did seafarers emanating from Bharukaccha and Suppara visit the Maldives, but Gujaratis actually settled there in pre-Buddhist times. The other Jataka tales suggest that ships from Gujarat going to South-east Asia stopped in the Maldives, and that merchants in search of treasures sailed in several seas called – maala (or maara).
The Maldives might well have been settled parallel with the arrival of Indo-Aryan speakers in Sri Lanka, as suggested in the above interpretations of the Sri Lanka myths and the Koimala story.
Mariners from the north-western coasts of the peninsula, from the time they commenced sailing to southern India, must have on occasion been blown over to the Maldives—unmanned canoes and rafts from Kerala even now get wafted there from time to time – and the dangers of shipwreck vividly described in several of the Jātakas might have arisen from contact with some of the thousands of reefs in the Maldives, which sailors have long dreaded. It may be, therefore, that shipwrecked Gujaratis, as well as exiles, were early settlers on the islands of the Laccadive-Maldives archipelago.
Geographic distribution
Maldives
All Maldivians are native to the historic region of the Maldive Islands comprising what is now the Republic of Maldives and the island of Minicoy in Union territory of Lakshadweep, India. The secession of Minicoy from Maldivian rule and affiliating with the Indian government gradually led to the emergence of a Maldivian population of Indian citizenship who came to be known as Mahls.
Being the heartland of Maldivian people, more than 97% of all Maldivians are from the Maldives. For all the Maldivian communities across the world (including the people of Minicoy) their origin lies in the Maldives. The Maldivian community of the Maldives consist of the two major groups from the three subgroups of Maldivians: The main group of Maldivians, the southern group of Maldivians (also known as Suvadivians) and the Mahls (ethnic Maldivians from Indian island of Minicoy).
Southern group of Maldivians
As a result of some political activities which occurred in the South during the early 1960s, the term Suvadivian has been adopted by some authors to refer to the southern group of Maldivians. From 1959 to 1963 there was a short-lived breakaway government named United Suvadive Republic which was formed by the Southerners, from which the name originated though there are no such native names. The names Suvadive and Suvadivian suggest that the origin of the names lye in the ancient name for the three southernmost atolls of Huvadhu, Fuvahmulah and Addu which was Suvadiva.
The Suvadivians, living in the three southernmost atolls of the equatorial zone (Huvadhu, Fuvahmulah and Addu atolls) number approximately 60,000 and constitute about 20% of the total population of Maldivians. According to researchers, this group of Maldivians have the closest proximity to the original Maldivian people in terms of linguistics as well as on ethnic grounds. The reason behind this suggested by researchers and proven from historical records is that there were less interference from the outside world to this group. Unlike the other group of Maldivians, this group was not affected by the Portuguese rule in the Maldives as it does not exceed the Suvadiva channel. Also there were no interference from traders and travellers as much as in the case of the other.
Each of the 3 atolls of the Suvadiva region speak their own distinctive forms of the Maldivian language (Huvadhu bas, Mulaku bas and Addu bas), which are much different from the rest and as suggested by researchers, having a closer affinity to what may have been the original. Thus, the native features of the original Maldivian people are preserved in this group greater than any other group of Maldivians.
Main group of Maldivians
Unlike the southern minority, this group of Maldivians were subject to foreign intercourse. There were numerous occasions of reported interference from outsiders such as traders, travellers, etc... Also, the Portuguese rule and many other factors pushed this group into a state that imported materials got mixed into their linguistics as well as ethnic background to a large extent.
India
The secession of Minicoy from Maldivian rule and affiliating with the Indian government gradually led to the emergence of a Maldivian population holding Indian citizenship. This group of Maldivians consist of the people of Minicoy and migrant communities from Minicoy across India and elsewhere. Except for the people from Minicoy, there is no community of ethnic Maldivians with Indian citizenship. This group of Maldivians are officially referred as Mahls. The people locally identify themselves as Malikun. The Mahls make up the third subgroup of Maldivians.
People of Minicoy (Malikun) – Mahls
Mahls are the third subgroup of Maldivians centred in the island of Minicoy making up the only community of ethnic Maldivians in India. This group has its own dialect (called Maliku bas or Mahl) which retains some features of archaic Maldivian language, and shows Malayalam influences as well. Still, the dialect is mutually intelligible with the standard dialect of Maldivian and is more related to the slighter variants of northern Maldives.
In case of linguistics and ethnic grounds, this group of Maldivians are identical to the main group of Maldivians in the Maldives. However, the secession of Minicoy from Maldivian rule and gradually becoming part of India, thus becoming the only group of ethnic Maldivians with a non-Maldivian citizenship made anthropologists to label the Mahls among the subgroups. The isolation of this group from the rest of the Maldivians and the acculturation process which the Mahls are undergoing as a result of this as well as the change in nationality is one of the reasons for separation of this group from the main group of Maldivians. The origin of this group like any other group of Maldivians lie in the Maldives. The story of the Tivarun, the linguistics of the people in Minicoy and many other factors prove this side of the story.
Mahls are the only community of ethnic Maldivians (excluding migrant communities) outside the Republic of Maldives. They make up about 3% of the total population of all Maldivians.
Most Mahls live in their native land of Maliku (Minicoy). Mahls are 15.67% of the total population of Lakshadweep emerging as a separate ethnic group among the rest of the population. All Mahl communities in India emerged from Minicoy.
There are Mahl communities (migrant communities from Minicoy) in other parts of India too. A number of Mahls have settled in the districts of Kozhikode, Malappuram, Ernakulam and Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) in the southern state of Kerala. The ancestors of present Mahl communities in Kerala migrated from Minicoy and settled there in the 17th century, when the islands of Lakshadweep came under the rule of Ali Rajahs/Arakkal Bheevi of Kannur.
Since 1957, this group of Maldivians in Minicoy are totally off-limits for their Maldivian counterparts in the Maldives. The direct transport between Minicoy and the Maldives was forbidden by the Indian government. Thus, this Indian group of Maldivians are steadily undergoing a process of acculturation owing to lack of contact with the remaining Maldivian people and pressure to use other languages such as Malayalam, English and Hindi. This proves to have a big influence upon the culture, linguistics and other day-to-day affairs of this group of Maldivians.
Emigrant communities
A significant number of Maldivian emigrant communities can be found in several countries. The emigrant communities could only be located from the Maldivian side as it is only the Maldivians who are all of the same ethnicity unlike India where the presence of thousands of cultures and ethnicities make the records more stringent on this matter. Since ethnic Maldivians of Minicoy are only no more than 0.0015% of the total population of India compared to 100% for their counterparts in the Maldives, it is only from the Maldivian embassies across the world that this information could be gathered.
Sri Lanka
There are approximately 20,000 people of Maldivian ethnicity living in Sri Lanka, as of 2013.
Genetics and Research Studies
In 1899, Professor John Stanley Gardiner visited Maldives, during which time; he collected anthropometrical data of a number of Maldivians from many islands. Analysis of this data by Dr. Wynfrid Duckworth, suggested that there were three major sources of immigration into the country. These are:
The peninsula of Hindustan with Ceylon,
The coast of Arabia and possibly of Africa,
The western shores of the Malay Peninsula, and the islands of the Malaya Archipelago.
(Duckworth 1912: 8–30).
In 1997, a Maldivian NGO, Society for Health Education, conducted a study on the mutations of thalassaemia found in the Maldives. This study showed one mutation that probably originated in the Middle East, another mutation which could have been derived from Portuguese or Algerians, and another which probably originated from South Asia and Malays. The observations are consistent with the historical records of Maldives, showing that early travellers from India, Indonesia, North Africa, the Red Sea and Persian Gulf areas, settled in the Maldives. (Firdous et al. 1998:148,149). Thalassaemia is the commonest genetically transmitted blood disease found in Maldives, and the results of this study suggest that many of the people now living in the Maldives had ancestors who came from the above-mentioned countries.
Anthropological studies, as well as ethnographic and linguistic researches, suggest that in terms of ancestry Maldivians share similar genes principally with the Sinhalese of Sri Lanka as well as western Indian populations, such as Marathis, Konkanis and Gujaratis with traces of Arab, Malay, southern Indian and North African genes in the population.
In 2013, genetic study about the Maldivian population by department of Human Genetics, Liden University, which was published online on the American Journal of Physical Anthropology has revealed very interesting facts about the genetic origin of Maldivian people.
The research studied autosomal DNA-, mitochondrial DNA-, and Y-chromosomal DNA markers in a representative sample of 141 unrelated Maldivians, with 119 from six major settlements. The researchers found a total of 63 different mtDNA haplotypes that could be allocated to 29 mtDNAs, mostly within the M, R and U clades. They also found 66 different Y-STR haplotypes in 10 Y chromosome haplogroups, predominantly R1a1, R2, H, L and J2. The study concluded that their new genetic data agree with the commonly reported Maldivian ancestry in South Asia, but furthermore suggest multiple, independent immigration events and asymmetrical migration of females and males across the archipelago.
The genetic study confirmed that the most likely origin of the Maldivian population is in South Asia with possible gene flow from the Middle East. Also it has pointed out that the Dhivehi language of the Maldives being the southernmost Indo-Aryan language, and sharing of specific haplogroups with Indo-Aryan populations mostly from India and from Sri Lanka, could point to a common origin of these populations.
Culture
Language and literature
Maldivians have strong feelings towards the Maldivian language. It has historically been, and to large extent still is, central to the Maldivian identity. Unlike the other languages of South India, it is an Indo-European language, while other South Indian languages are Dravidian languages. However the language shows some influences of neighbouring Dravidian languages on it, and have a number of loanwords from Dravidian vocabulary.
Religion
The Maldivians are entirely Muslims, adhering to the Sunni school of thought. In the Maldives which is the heartland of Maldivians and home for more than 97% of the Maldivian people, the national religion is Islam. Islam is the country's state religion as well as the backbone of the society with daily life in the country being regulated according to the tenets of Islam and government regulations too being based on the regulations of Islamic law (Shari'a). The law of the country prohibits the practice of any other religion by the country's citizens. In general all Maldivians from the island of Minicoy too are Sunni Muslims.
Visual art and architecture
Most traditional Maldivian art is influenced by Perso-Arabic tradition in some form and usually centres on Islam, since all the Maldivians are Muslims. The skill of visual art and architecture among the Maldivians is centered in the Maldives since the people of Minicoy are mainly sailors.
Various fine art practices exist in the Maldives at present. Primary among them is drawing and painting. Sculpture and crafts that overlap with art making also exist in the country. However, due to various limitations, they have not flourished as art forms. Painting and drawing also exist in similar circumstances. Lack of avenues in which to exhibit, and lack of arts education and training, combined with a growing understanding that these arts are best served in the tourist souvenir trade, has hampered a healthy development of these arts.
However, with the establishment of private galleries and with various exhibitions organized by the government and the artists themselves, in the last 15 years, the awareness that painting can be an expressive art form apart from also being a lucrative commercial activity has provided encouragement for several young Maldivians to pursue painting, and to an extent sculpture and other public and commercial art forms. Renewed interest in these arts have also led to various individuals to pursue on their own whatever education they can obtain, whether through distance learning courses from foreign universities, or via books and magazines. In addition, privately funded students have also been obtaining arts education and training at undergraduate and graduate levels in international universities.
More indirectly, artists also get the opportunity to meet foreign artists through the tourism trade when foreign artists visit the country as tourists. This provides the much needed contact with artists that is so necessary to the development of any art form.
Until recently, fine arts in the Maldives have been usually defined as the various crafts and skills of craft making. These include the use of locally found materials to produce decorative and functional objects such as mats, hand held or displayed objects, etc. The present situation of the arts has come about because of a lack of critical and theoretical interpretation and a lack of dialogue and discourse in an organized, sustained or documented form.
Performing arts
The traditional Maldivian performing arts have Indian and even African roots.
Martial arts
Martial arts among Maldivians are known as hevikamuge kulhivaruthak, while gulhamathi hifun is traditional wrestling among Maldivians.
Festivals
Most of the Maldivian festivals are related to Islam, however there are some festivals which belongs to old Maldivian traditions, like kite flying festival. Naming a newborn child, Mauloodhu (a prayer accompanied with festive meal), Eid festival and circumcision of male child are few events that take place where the taste of rich cultural 'cocktail' can be experienced.
A traditional meal called Keyn is prepared for the above Mauloodhus consisting of a number of courses. A single Keyn would serve 10 – 12 people and includes rice, curries, salads, grilled fish, coconut cream, coconut syrup, bananas, puddings and other delights.
Keyn is set out in a very large wooden dish called a Malaafaiy. The outside of this dish is placed within the dish and small individual plates are filled with curries, salads, and other items and set around the rice. This would be covered with the lid and wrapped in a white cloth and tied at the top. At the meal times this would be carried into the Mauloodh Haruge (dining hall specially made for this event) and placed on straw mats for service. Individual plates and other food items in individual dishes are placed as well. Beverages are individually set in glasses. Water is served in a ceramic jug. Food is consumed using the fingers of the right hand. At the end of the meal hand is washed using a copper jug into a copper basin. 10 December is marked as Kandu Rōdi duvas and 14 April as Gamu Rōdi duvas on which date Maldivian language day is marked from 2011 onwards.
Dress
Traditionally Maldivian men wear a Mundu with a shirt, it is very similar to that of Malayali people. Maldivian women wear a red-top called a Libaas and a long black skirt.
Cuisine
Rice, the major staple food in most Maldivian households, is usually cooked and served with Garudiya (Tuna Fish soup). Here are some of the speciality cuisines.
Bocholhi
Made of rice flour, coconut – semi-firm (grated) and coconut palm syrup by mixing all the ingredients until freed from lump and cooked over a moderate heat until the mixture is thickened.
Godhan Furhu Boa Folhi
Made of flour, coconut – semi-hard (blended to a smooth paste), eggs, coconut cream, jasmine water, coconut palm syrup, cinnamon powder, cardamom powder and oil by mixing all the ingredients apart from the oil together. Cooked over a moderate heat and once the top of the pancake dries up, turned over and cooked.
Han’dulu Aurus
Made of rice (soaked overnight), washed and blended to a smooth paste), coconut palm syrup, Jasmine water and jasmine flowers by placing all the ingredients apart from the flowers in a thick-bottomed pan and cooked over a moderate heat by stirring constantly to avoid the mixture getting stuck to the bottom. Wrapped entirely with banana leaf and placed jasmine flowers over the sweets. This sweet will keep for two to three months without spoiling.
'
Han’dulu Furhu Kubus
Made of Patna Rice (soaked overnight, washed and blended to a smooth paste), coconut – semi-firm (grated), coconut palm syrup, caster sugar, banana leaf by cooking over a moderate heat the grated coconut, palm sugar and caster sugar until the mixture has thickened. Removed from heat and allowed cooling and added in the blended rice and kneaded thoroughly and combined all the ingredients well. Divided the mixture into eight portions and placed each portion on a banana leaf and wrapped entirely to seal and wrapped a second banana leaf around it and secured well.
Dug a suitable hole in the ground in which all the wrapped dough pieces could be placed neatly. Placed coconut fibres and coconut shells and burned them in the dug hole and removed the charcoals.
Placed banana leaves within the hole and placed the wrapped dough in the heated hole and placed neatly one against another.
Covered the dough parcels placed in the hole with another large piece of banana leaf and covered the leaf with two-inch white sand. Placed the charcoals and coconut fibres and coconut shells over it and burned the coconut fibres and shells for half an hour.
Left the cooked kubus parcels overnight in the hole. In the morning scraped off the burnt ashes and charcoals aside and the sand covering the banana leaf and slowly lifted the wrapped kubus parcels.
Hukkaru
Made of coconut palm syrup by boiling the syrup over a moderate heat and cooked by stirring continuously until it starts to thicken. Removed from heat and whisked until frothy and cooled.
Huni Folhi
Made of Patna Rice flour, coconut – semi-hard (grated), coconut palm syrup by cooking all the ingredients over a moderate heat in a thick-bottomed pan stirring continuously.
When the mixture starts to come loose from the side of the pan removed from heat and taken a tablespoonful of the cooked mixture, spread on a cork wood leaf. Smoked and dried the leaves spread with the sweet over the fireplace.
Karukuri Banbukeyo
Made of fried bread fruit (crushed coarsely), coconut palm syrup, jasmine water by bringing the syrup and the jasmine water to boil and cooked it over a moderate heat until it comes to ribbon stage. Added in the crushed breadfruit into the sugar and coated well. Removed from heat, allowed cooling and kept in an airtight container.
Karukuri Ala
Made of fried taro (crushed coarsely), coconut palm syrup and jasmine water by boiling the syrup and the jasmine water and cooked it over a moderate heat until it comes to ribbon stage. Added in the crushed taro in to the sugar and coated well. Removed from heat, allowed cooling and kept in an airtight container.
Kulhi Bis Fathafolhi
Made of Patna Rice flour, coconut (grated), Rihaakuru, Rihaakuru Bondi (blended), eggs, onion (sliced thinly), curry leaves (chopped), cherry pepper, juice of two limes, ginger, salt to season and oil by crushing the onion, curry leaves, cherry pepper, ginger with salt. Added and mixed the rice flour and coconut to make sandy texture. Formed a bay in the center of the rice mixture and add in the eggs and Rihaakuru and Rihaakuru Bondi. Mixed/kneaded the dough and divided the dough into 15 gram balls. Spread each ball to about ¼ inch thickness. Cut using a round cutter of 3 – inch diameter and pre-heated oil.
Meeraa
Made of coconut sap (collected at noon) by boiling the sap over a moderate heat and cooked by stirring continuously until it comes to ribbon stage. Removed from heat, greased a large tray and taken a spoonful of the cooked thickened syrup and placed it over the greased sheet in strings.
Thela Kubus
Made of Patna Rice flour, coconut palm syrup, eggs and coconut oil by whisking the egg and the syrup and added in the rice flour and beaten further. Poured a table spoonful of the mixture into the oil and deep-fried until golden.
Thelli Keyo
Made of plantain (peeled and cut length-wise) and oil by frying the bananas until crisped. Drained on absorbent kitchen paper and kept airtight container.
Veli Hakuru
Made of coconut palm syrup by boiling the syrup over a moderate heat and cooked by stirring continuously until it starts to crystallise. Removed from heat, allowed cooling and put into jars and seal well.
Other Cuisines Regularly Cooked
Falhoa Aurus
Naaroh Faludha
Fuppi Baiy
Gerhi Banbukeyo
Gerhi Kattala
Kaliyaa Kuri Kattala
Varukuri Baiy
Communities
Maldivian names
A generation ago, most Maldivian people were not commonly known by their birth names. Instead they were called by an alternative name such as Dohuttu, Lahuttu, Tutteedi, Kudamaniku, or Don Goma. The rationale behind this practice was that if the evil spirits did not know one's real name, one would be free from their spells. However ancient Maldivian naming system is similar to that of Gujaratis and Marathas. Even now some people follow that system. For example, the first name of historian Mohamed Ibrahim Lutfy is "Mohamed;" "Ibrahim" is his father's name, and "Lutfy" is the family name.
Frequent Maldivian family names include Bee, Beefan, Boo, Didi, Fan, Fulhu, Kader, Kalaminja, Kalinga, Kalo, Kavah, Kavya, Koi, Koya, Manik, Manika, Manike, Manikfan, Naha, Raha, Rana, Tarkan, Thakhan, Thakur, Thakurfan, Veer.
See also
Maldivian folklore
Minicoy
Giraavaru people
Notes
References
Further reading
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
External links
Maldives Ethnography, by Xavier Romero-Frias
A Guide to Mahl Language, Minicoy
Clarence Maloney, his vision, his work and the ancient underlying cultural influences in the Maldives
01
Ethnic groups in the Indian Ocean
Indo-Aryan peoples
Ethnic groups in India
Ethnic groups in Sri Lanka
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23582220
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterotubal%20junction
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Uterotubal junction
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The uterotubal junction is the connection between the endometrial cavity of the uterus and the fallopian tube (uterine tube) at the proximal tubal opening, the beginning of the intramural part of the fallopian tube. Histologically, the endometrial epithelium changes over to ciliated tubal epithelium.
Function
Patency of the uterotubal junction is necessary for normal reproduction. The tubes can get blocked here by infection (salpingitis) and surgical intervention may be necessary.
Mouse studies have indicated that selective passage of individual spermatozoa may occur at this junction, with abnormal morphology being identified as a significant selection criterion, leading to predominantly normal sperm passing towards the ovum. Absence of the protein calmegin has also been suggested as a critical factor for reliable sperm passage.
Other
The uterotubal junction is accessible by hysteroscopy and the entry point for tubal cannulation and falloposcopy. Contraceptive methods have been developed to block the uterotubal junction.
References
Pelvis
Uterus
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17341195
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative%20Bank%20of%20Tarlac
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Cooperative Bank of Tarlac
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The Cooperative Bank of Tarlac (CBT) is a cooperative bank in the Philippines, operating out of the province of Tarlac. Its main base is Tarlac City, with branches in Paniqui, Concepcion, Capas and Camiling. The bank, formerly the Cooperative Rural Bank of Tarlac, was established in 1977 following the merger of 108 cooperatives and samahang nayons in the province into one financial institution. It provides banking services not only to the residents of Tarlac and its farmers in particular, but also to cooperatives that likewise operate in the province.
In 2009, the provincial government of Tarlac was commended by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo for providing the level of assistance that it did to the bank, which was unmatched by any other local government unit.
On 24 October 2014 the Monetary Board made a resolution prohibiting the bank from continuing its business. It was then put under the receivership of the state-run PDIC.
References
External links
Cooperative Bank of Tarlac
Cooperative banking in Asia
Banks of the Philippines
Banks established in 1977
Tarlac City
Cooperatives in the Philippines
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17341212
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson%20Cruz%20%28disambiguation%29
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Nelson Cruz (disambiguation)
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Nelson Cruz (born 1980) is a baseball outfielder from Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic.
Nelson Cruz may also refer to:
Nelson Cruz (pitcher) (born 1972), baseball pitcher from Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
Nelson Cruz (athlete) (born 1977), long-distance runner from Cape Verde
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56566032
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20FIFA%20World%20Cup%20qualification%20%E2%80%93%20UEFA%20Group%206
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1982 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 6
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1982 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group 6 consisted of five of the 34 teams entered into the European zone: Scotland, Sweden, and Portugal, Northern Ireland and Israel. These five teams competed on a home-and-away basis for two of the 14 spots in the final tournament allocated to the European zone, with the group's winner and runner-up claiming that spot.
Standings
Results
Goalscorers
3 goals
Benny Tabak
Rui Jordão
John Robertson
2 goals
Gidi Damti
Gerry Armstrong
Humberto Coelho
Manuel Fernandes
1 goal
Moshe Sinai
Noel Brotherston
Billy Hamilton
Sammy McIlroy
Jimmy Nicholl
Minervino Pietra
Kenny Dalglish
Joe Jordan
David Provan
Gordon Strachan
Paul Sturrock
John Wark
Hasse Borg
Bo Börjesson
Thomas Larsson
Tony Persson
Sten-Ove Ramberg
Jan Svensson
1 own goal
Gabriel Mendes (playing against Sweden)
Notes
External links
Group 6 Detailed Results at RSSSF
6
1979–80 in Israeli football
1980–81 in Israeli football
1981–82 in Israeli football
1980–81 in Portuguese football
1981–82 in Portuguese football
1980–81 in Scottish football
1979–80 in Northern Ireland association football
1980–81 in Northern Ireland association football
1980 in Swedish football
1981 in Swedish football
Qualification group
Qual
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26720630
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby%20Niveditha
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Baby Niveditha
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Niveditha Vijayan credited as Baby Niveditha is a former Indian child actress who works predominantly in Malayalam films. She who the Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist in 2009 for her acting in Kaana Kanmani and Bhramaram.
Personal life
She is born as the second child to Vijayan and Praseetha who has settled in Abu Dhabi. She has an elder sister named Niranjana Vijayan who is also an actress.
Filmography
Awards
References
External links
Actresses from Kannur
Indian child actresses
Living people
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Indian film actresses
21st-century Indian child actresses
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Child actresses in Malayalam cinema
Year of birth missing (living people)
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56566033
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katar%C3%ADna%20%C5%A0imo%C5%88%C3%A1kov%C3%A1
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Katarína Šimoňáková
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Katarína Šimoňáková (born 31 January 1998) is a Slovak luger. She competed in the women's singles event at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Slovak female lugers
Olympic lugers of Slovakia
Lugers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
People from Spišská Nová Ves
Lugers at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics
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17341227
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Baptist%20Yi%20Kwang-nyol
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John Baptist Yi Kwang-nyol
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John Baptist Yi Kwang-nyol (c. 1800 – July 20, 1839) was one of the 103 Korean Martyrs. His feast day is July 20, and he is also venerated along with the rest of The Korean martyrs on September 20.
John embraced Roman Catholicism with his elder brother when he was 28 years old. His fervor attracted the attention of the catechists, who sent him to Beijing to negotiate affairs of religion. The priests of the capital, in admiration of his piety, conferred upon him baptism and the other sacraments. John Baptist, after his return to his country, abstained from eating meat throughout the rest of his life, and made a resolution to live in celibacy. He was noted for his holy exterior appearance. He was martyred at the age of 39, severely tortured with torturing instruments and at last beheaded with an axe.
References
Bibliography
The Lives of the 103 Martyr Saints of Korea: Saint John Baptist Yi Kwang-nyol (1795~1839), Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea Newsletter No. 56 (Fall 2006).
1800 births
1839 deaths
19th-century Christian saints
19th-century executions by Korea
19th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Executed Korean people
Korean Roman Catholic saints
People executed by Korea by decapitation
Christian martyrs executed by decapitation
Catholic martyrs
Canonizations by Pope John Paul II
Joseon Christians
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26720632
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Shkoder
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Siege of Shkoder
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The siege of Shkoder may refer to:
The siege of Shkodra (known also as the siege of Scutari) in 1478–79, a siege by Ottoman forces upon the Venetian-controlled Albanian fortress at Shkodra.
The siege of Shkodra (known also as the siege of Scutari) in 1912–13, a siege by predominantly Montenegrin forces upon the Ottoman-controlled Albanian fortress at Shkodra.
Note: The city called Shkodra has been known by many names throughout history: Shkodra, Shkodër, Skadar, and Scutari are the most common. The current English (and Albanian) spelling is Shkodra. Shkodër is the indefinite nominative form of the name in Albanian, and is sometimes written as Shkoder in English. Scutari was the old Italian and Venetian name for the city. Skadar is the Serbian and Montenegrin name, and is also used in reference to the neighbouring lake.
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56566048
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Life%20of%20Sir%20William%20Petty%2C%201623%E2%80%931687
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The Life of Sir William Petty, 1623–1687
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The Life of Sir William Petty 1623-1687 is a book, written by Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice, and published in 1895. It is a biography of Sir William Petty, the 17th-century scientist, known for his inventions, his charting of large parts of Ireland, in the Down Survey, and his publications on many different topics, like "political arithmetic" and political economy.
Bibliographical information
335 p.
Fitzmaurice founded his biography of Sir William Petty largely on the manuscripts in the so-called 'Bowood' papers. The papers originally belonging to Sir William Petty passed to his grandson, John Petty, 1st Earl of Shelburne (1706-1761), who bought Bowood House in Wiltshire, England in 1754.
The letters written by Sir William Petty to Sir Robert Southwell (1635-1702) were later added to the Bowood papers by the 3rd Marquis of Lansdowne.
Apart from the Bowood papers, Fitzmaurice also studied manuscripts in the British Museum, in the Bodleian Library and in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin.
The biographer: Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice
Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice (1846-1935), also named Edmond George Petty-Fitzmaurice, was a descendant of William Petty and a liberal politician. He also published a biography of his great-grandfather, William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne in 1912, biographies of Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville (in 1905) and of Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (in 1901), and some theatre plays.
The biography
The biography is chronological. In the first chapter the life of Petty up to 1652 is summarized. It ends with his application as surgery-general in Cromwell's Irish army.
In the second and third chapter, which cover a total of 80 pages, an extensive description is given of the Down Survey, the cadastral survey carried out by Petty in 1655 and 1656, and especially on the long aftermath of that survey. After the survey Petty was accused of fraud and bribery, and it took him years to clear his name.
The next chapters cover the period from 1660 to 1678, in which Petty published much of the works that, centuries later, brought him fame among economists and statisticians. A separate, central chapter (Chapter 7) is devoted to his "Political Arithmetic" (and his opinions concerning political economy).
The last three chapters give an overview of the period from 1678 until Petty's death in 1687.
Critical reception
The Life of Petty was reviewed in different journals.
wrote a review in Die Neue Zeit, 1896.
He was happy to see that a biography on William Petty had appeared: 'Finally, more than two hundred years after his death, the most genial of the English political economists of the seventeenth century has found his biographer', writes Cunow in his review in Die Neue Zeit in 1896. But, does he write subsequently, the (large amount of) work that is done by Fitzmaurice, does not provide a satisfactory result and does not offer a clear image of the character (of Petty). Questions like 'what where the influences that worked on Petty's intellectual development?' are not answered and only on very few places insight is given into the depth of Petty's ideas ('Ideenwelt'). Neither gives Fitzmaurice an account of the less attractive sides of Petty's character, like his ruthless addiction to profitmaking.
Cunow also makes some remarks concerning Bevan's Sir William Petty: A Study in English Economic Literature (1894).
wrote a review in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science of 1896, together with a review of .
Hull finds a sharp distinction between the first six chapters (1623-1678) and the last chapters. In the first chapters Fitzmaurice "writes chiefly from sources already well known (…).. Relatively little that is new appears." Whereas the latter part of the book is largely based on (until then less known) Petty's correspondence with Sir Robert Southwell (1635-1702) and on several unprinted letters to Lady Petty.
wrote a review in The American Historical Review, 1895. He thought that a reader will profit of this book, full of information, and giving abundant means of arriving at a fair estimate of Petty's character, "only in proportion to what he already knows of the period; and even those who have some tolerable acquaintance with the time will find themselves at a loss to explain many of the allusions with which Petty's papers are bestrewn. The note on pages 296, 301,–"the allusion is not clear,"–might stand with equal propriety at the foot of many other pages."
References
Bibliography
(see also: this page (visited 2018-08-27).)
(also includes a review of )
1895 non-fiction books
Books about William Petty
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17341232
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miantonomi%20Memorial%20Park
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Miantonomi Memorial Park
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Miantonomi Memorial Park is a public park between Hillside Avenue and Girard Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island.
The Narragansett Indians used the area around the park for hundreds of years and the park (and the hill it is on) is named after Sachem, or Chief, Miantonomi. This hill was Miantonomi's seat of power until it was purchased by English colonists in 1637. The settlers used the hill as a lookout and in 1667 built a beacon on the hill. During the American Revolutionary War fortifications were built on the hill, fragments of which still survive. In 1921, the City of Newport received the property from the local Stokes family.
Miantonomi Memorial Park's became part of the Aquidneck Land Trust through an easement in 2005.
Tower
The Park Commission built a stone tower in 1929 as a World War I memorial. On September 27, 2017, the Miantonomi Memorial Park Tower was named an official WWI Centennial memorial and will receive grant funds towards restoration and maintenance.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
External links
Park Information
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Parks in Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Newport, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island
1637 establishments in Rhode Island
Geography of Newport, Rhode Island
Tourist attractions in Newport, Rhode Island
Protected areas of Newport County, Rhode Island
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26720642
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8rkapp
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Sørkapp
|
Sørkapp ("South Cape") is the southernmost point on Sørkappøya, south of Spitsbergen, the largest island in the Svalbard archipelago, Arctic Norway. It was originally named Point Lookout (1612). The cape itself is long. The point is bordered by the Greenland Sea to the west, the Norwegian Sea to the south and the Barents Sea to the east. The point is within the Sørkapp Bird Sanctuary.
The distance to mainland Norway at Ingøy is about 640 km and to Bear Island about 230 km.
References
Peninsulas of Svalbard
Ramsar sites in Norway
Sørkappøya
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56566051
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ver%C3%B3nica%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Ravenna
|
Verónica María Ravenna
|
Verónica María Ravenna (; born 19 February 1998) is an Argentine luger. She competed in the women's singles event at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
Early life
When she was six years old, she moved to Vancouver, Canada, with her family.
Career
She began her sport career when she was eleven years old, after learning about luge in while visiting the Whistler Sliding Centre during a school visit. In 2014 she suffered a clavicle fracture, which prevented her from joining the Canadian youth team. The following year, she received an invitation from the Argentine Luge Federation to represent her birth country in the 2014-2015 world cup hosted in Oberhof, Germany.
She participated in the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics that took place in Lillehammer, Norway, she was the Flag bearer during the closing ceremony. She finished in the seventh place and won an Olympic diploma.
Then she competed in the 2017 FIL World Luge Championships hosted in Innsbruck, Austria, where she finished in the 23rd place in the mayors category and in the tenth place in Sub 23. She also took part in the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 world cup editions where she finished in the 35th place and 58th place respectively. In 2018, he was ranked 25th in the youth world championship held in Altenberg, Germany.
Pyeongchang 2018
She qualified for the 2018 Winter Olympics hosted in Pyeongchang, South Korea, after a quota place was released. She competed for the first time in the women's singles event in Luge. Verónica was the second Argentine woman to compete in luge in an Olympic Games, after the participation of Michelle Despain in the 2006 Winter Olympics.
At 19 years old, she was the youngest of the Argentine delegation and the only one that competed in an ice sport. She finished in the 24th place, the same rank than her predecessor, Michelle Despain, achieved during the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Gallery
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Argentine female lugers
Olympic lugers of Argentina
Lugers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Argentine emigrants to Canada
Lugers at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics
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17341236
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16%20%40%20War
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16 @ War
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"16 @ War" is the debut single from Karina from her debut album First Love. It is produced by Tricky Stewart and The-Dream, and written by them. It has spent 8 weeks on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and peaked at #51. It debuted at #93. The song expresses hardships of life from a sixteen-year-old girl's point of view.
Charts
References
2008 debut singles
Karina Pasian songs
Def Jam Recordings singles
Songs with feminist themes
Songs written by The-Dream
2008 songs
Song recordings produced by Tricky Stewart
Songs written by Tricky Stewart
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26720643
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentino%20Argento
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Valentino Argento
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Valentino Argento (1901 – 8 September 1941) was an Italian fencer. He competed in the team foil competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1901 births
1941 deaths
Fencers from Naples
Italian male fencers
Olympic fencers of Italy
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
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23582224
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Darroch
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Kim Darroch
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Nigel Kim Darroch, Baron Darroch of Kew, (; born 30 April 1954) is a former British diplomat. He served as the British Ambassador to the United States between January 2016 and December 2019, and previously as National Security Adviser and UK Permanent Representative to the European Union.
On 10 July 2019, following the leak of diplomatic cables in which he had been critical of the Trump presidential administration, he resigned from his position as HM Ambassador in Washington. Darroch concluded his post in December 2019 upon retirement from HM Diplomatic Service after a career spanning 40 years of public service.
Early life
Nigel Kim Darroch was born in the village of South Stanley in County Durham, England, on 30 April 1954, to Alastair Macphee Darroch and Enid Darroch. He was educated at Abingdon School and at Durham University (Hatfield College), from where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in zoology in 1975. Darroch was an avid fives player in his youth, representing his school and later Durham University.
Career
Darroch joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) in 1976. He was appointed to the Diplomatic Service in 1980 to serve as a First Secretary in Tokyo from 1980 to 1984. He served in a number of posts, including as desk officer for the Channel Tunnel project and co-secretary of the UK-French Channel Tunnel Treaty Group, as private secretary to David Mellor and then The Lord Glenarthur as the FCO's Minister of State from 1987 to 1989, and as Counsellor for External Affairs at the British Permanent Representative to the European Union for a year before being promoted to Director as head of the FCO's press office in 1998.
In 2000, Darroch moved back to policy work as Director of EU Comd, and in 2003 promoted further to be Director-General, Europe. In 2004, he transferred to 10 Downing Street, as Head of the Cabinet Office European Secretariat, where he served as the Prime Minister's principal advisor on European affairs. After three years, Darroch was appointed to replace John Grant in Brussels, as British Permanent Representative to the European Union in 2007 for a four-year term.
On 24 June 2011, it was announced that Darroch would replace Peter Ricketts as National Security Advisor in January 2012, with Jon Cunliffe selected as Darroch's replacement as Permanent Representative to the European Union.
Ambassador to the United States
On 7 July 2015, the Foreign Office announced that Darroch would be replaced by Mark Lyall Grant in September 2015. On 20 August 2015, the Foreign Office announced that Darroch's new role would be as the Ambassador to the United States, replacing Peter Westmacott on 28 January 2016.
In November 2016, following the US election, a memo by Darroch to Prime Minister Theresa May was leaked in which he said the President-elect of the United States, Donald Trump, could be influenced by the British government. The following week, Trump tweeted that Nigel Farage should serve as British ambassador to the United States. Downing Street said that there was no vacancy and that the UK had "an excellent ambassador to the US". Darroch was in London the next day for consultations with May that were said to have been long-planned.
Cables leak and resignation
On 7 July 2019, secret diplomatic cables from Darroch to the British government, dating from 2017 to 2019, were leaked to Steven Edginton, a 19-year-old "freelance journalist" and Brexit Party employee. Darroch assessed the Trump administration as "inept and insecure". In response, Nigel Farage said Darroch was "totally unsuitable" for office, and Trump tweeted that Darroch was "not liked or well thought of within the US" and that "we will no longer deal with him". The Prime Minister, Theresa May, expressed support for Darroch and ordered a leak inquiry. It led to a criminal investigation by Scotland Yard.
On 10 July, Darroch resigned as Ambassador to the United States. He wrote that "the current situation is making it impossible for me to carry out my role as I would like". Previously, Boris Johnson, the frontrunner in the election to replace May, had declined to publicly support Darroch. Consensus among political commentators in the UK was that this made Darroch's position untenable. In the House of Commons, both May and the leader of the opposition, Jeremy Corbyn, praised Darroch's service and deplored that he had to resign under pressure from the United States. A spokesman for the Prime Minister said that it was an ambassador's job to provide "an honest and unvarnished view" of the US administration. Darroch remained in the post until the end of the year.
Later career
In 2020, Darroch wrote Collateral Damage: Britain, America and Europe in the Age of Trump.
On 19 September 2021, Darroch became Chairperson of non-partisan, internationalist campaign group, Best for Britain.
Honours
Darroch was appointed a Companion of Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1997 New Year Honours, and promoted to Knight Commander of the same order (KCMG) in the 2008 Birthday Honours.
He was nominated as a life peer in Theresa May's 2019 Resignation Honours List. He was created Baron Darroch of Kew, of St Mawes in the County of Cornwall on 11 November 2019. He made his maiden speech in the House of Lords on 26 November 2020, with a speech on the UK-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement.
Personal life
In 1978, Darroch married Vanessa, now a teacher at the British International School of Washington. They have two children, Simon, a paleontologist based at Vanderbilt University who also studied at Durham, and Georgina, a botanist at Kew Gardens.
The Times reported on allegations about a 2018 "passionate affair [lasting] at least several months" with a US journalist. The journalist denied the scoops originated with the ambassador.
See also
List of Old Abingdonians
List of Durham University people
List of heads of missions of the United Kingdom
References
External links
UK Government press release announcing Darroch's appointment to UKREP
1954 births
People from Stanley, County Durham
Living people
People educated at Abingdon School
Alumni of Hatfield College, Durham
Crossbench life peers
Diplomatic peers
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Permanent Representatives of the United Kingdom to the European Union
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the United States
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
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56566063
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah%20Prock
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Hannah Prock
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Hannah Prock (born 2 February 2000) is an Austrian luger. She competed in the women's singles event at the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Olympics She took her first podium finish in the Luge World Cup in January 2019 when she finished third at a competition at Königssee. She is the daughter of former luger Markus Prock and the cousin of ski jumper Gregor Schlierenzauer.
References
External links
Hannah Prock Beijing 2022 Olympics Profile
2000 births
Living people
Austrian female lugers
Olympic lugers of Austria
Lugers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Innsbruck
21st-century Austrian women
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17341245
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magasa%2C%20Crete
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Magasa, Crete
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Magasa () is a Neolithic settlement on the eastern part of the island of Crete in present-day Greece. Magasa is notable as a Neolithic Cretan settlement for some use of large room sizes in its multi-roomed residences. The ben-and-but style of housing design with some use of mud-dried brick has been noted as similar to that found in Neolithic Knossos.
See also
Lato
Kydonia
References
Sources
British School at Athens, British School at Athens Managing Committee (1894) The Annual of the British School at Athens, Macmillan Publishers
C. Michael Hogan, Knossos fieldnotes, Modern Antiquarian (2007)
Arnold Walter Lawrence and Richard Allan Tomlinson (1996) Greek Architecture, Yale University Press, 243 pages
Neolithic settlements in Crete
Former populated places in Greece
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23582251
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20permanent%20representatives%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%20to%20the%20European%20Union
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List of permanent representatives of the United Kingdom to the European Union
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The Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the European Union was the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative to the European Union, and head of the United Kingdom Representation to the European Union (UKREP), while the United Kingdom was a member state of the European Union. Their official title was Her Britannic Majesty's Permanent Representative to the European Union. Since the UK left the EU on 31 January 2020, the role was replaced with the British Ambassador to the European Union.
List of heads of mission
Permanent representatives to the European Communities
1973–1975: Sir Michael Palliser
1975–1979: Sir Donald Maitland
1979–1985: Sir Michael Butler
1985–1990: Sir David Hannay
1990–1992: Sir John Kerr
Permanent representatives to the European Union
1992–1995: Sir John Kerr
1995–2000: Sir Stephen Wall
2000–2003: Sir Nigel Sheinwald
2003–2007: Sir John Grant
2007–2012: Sir Kim Darroch
2012–2013: Sir Jon Cunliffe
2013–2017: Sir Ivan Rogers
2017–2020: Sir Tim Barrow
References
External links
UK Permanent Representative to the European Union, gov.uk
Permanent Representation of the United Kingdom, EU Who is who
Europa (EU official website) - UK - Brexit
European Union
United Kingdom
United Kingdom and the European Union
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26720656
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldo%20Boni
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Aldo Boni
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Aldo Boni (11 March 1895 – 1982) was an Italian fencer. He competed at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics.
References
1895 births
1982 deaths
Italian male fencers
Olympic fencers of Italy
Fencers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
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44507429
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%20imperdonable%20%282015%20TV%20series%29
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Lo imperdonable (2015 TV series)
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Lo imperdonable (English: Unforgivable) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Salvador Mejía Alejandre for Televisa. Based on the telenovela La mentira (1998).
Ana Brenda Contreras and Iván Sánchez star as the protagonists, with Sebastián Zurita, Gaby Mellado, Claudia Ramírez and Sergio Sendel star as the co-protagonists, while Grettell Valdéz, Juan Ángel Esparza and Guillermo García Cantú star as the antagonists.
Plot
Martín San Telmo comes to a small, remote town called Mina Escondida where his wanted half-brother, Demetrio, lives and works in a gold mine; upon arrival, Martín discovers that Demetrio has committed suicide after being betrayed by a heartless and ambitious woman who only played with his emotions. Little by little, and thanks to the help of the inhabitants (which initially were hostile to him but later became his friends), Martin manages to determine what led Demetrio to commit suicide so tragically.
Martin's investigation leads him to Mexico City, to a millionaires' mansion, of the Prado Castelo family, who own one of the most important jewelry companies in the country. According to information that Martin has managed to discover, the woman for whom Demetrio took his life is living in that house and her name begins with the letter V. He knows this because she had left Demetrio a necklace with the initial V and the Prado Castelo surname recorded in it.
Martin meets two young women there, Verónica and Virginia Prado Castelo, both nieces of the family: innocent and fragile Virginia and Verónica, who is strong and courageous. Without knowing which is the guilty one, Martin concludes, after a series of coincidences and rumours, that the woman who he seeks is Veronica. Thus, begins his revenge plan: first to flirt with Verónica, seduce her and make her fall in love with him, and finally marry her.
After the wedding, Martin almost kidnaps her and takes her to Mina Escondida where Demetrio committed suicide, determined to make her life miserable and take revenge for the suicide of his brother.
Little does he know, like Verónica, they are actually victims of Virginia Padro Castelo, an evil and ambitious woman whose angelic face hides a wicked spirit. The purpose of Virginia's marriage to Emiliano, her cousin, the only son of Jorge and Salma Prado Castelo, is to change her status and become Mrs. Prado Castelo by double-entry and thus gain all the wealth of the family.
When Martin discovers the truth, everything will seem lost as Verónica abandons him because of his distrust and will be left looking the fool for believing people who only have bad intentions. For this reason, Martin will have to fight very hard to regain the love of his life.
Cast
Cast was confirmed on April 17, 2015.
Main cast
Ana Brenda Contreras as Verónica Prado Castelo
Iván Sánchez as Martín San Telmo
Sergio Sendel as Emiliano Prado Castelo
Grettell Valdéz as Virginia Prado Castelo
Juan Ferrara as Jorge Prado Castelo
Claudia Ramírez as Magdalena Castilla de Botel
Guillermo Capetillo as Padre Juan
Alicia Machado as Claudia Ordaz
Gaby Mellado as Ana Perla Sánchez
Sebastián Zurita as Pablo Hidalgo
Guillermo García Cantú as Aarón Martínez
Supporting cast
Marcelo Buquet as Aquiles Botel
Mar Contreras as Nanciyaga
Juan Ángel Esparza as Manuel Sánchez Álvarez
Paty Díaz as Raymunda Álvarez
Gabriela Goldsmith as Montserrat
Roberto Ballesteros as Joaquín Arroyo
Jackie Sauza as Mariana
Delia Casanova as Matilde
Michel Duval as Teo
Camil Hazouri as Polo
Ricardo Franco as Julio
Elsa Cárdenas as Jovita
Patsy as Salma Prado Castelo
Salvador Sánchez as Crescencio Álvarez
Osvaldo de León as Dr. Daniel
Pablo Montero as Demetrio Silveria
Gonzalo Vivanco as Pierre Dussage
Raúl Magaña as Alfredo
Tania Lizardo as Blanca Arroyo Álvarez "Blanquita"
Danna García as Rebeca Rojo
Diego Olivera as Jerónimo
Mexico broadcast
As of April 20, 2015, Canal de las Estrellas is broadcasting Lo imperdonable weeknights at 9:25pm, replacing Hasta el fin del mundo. Univision aired Lo imperdonable in the United States on May 18, 2015 weeknights at 9pm/8c replacing Hasta el fin del mundo. The last episode was broadcast on November 2, 2015 with Pasión y poder replacing it the next day.
Soundtrack
List of confirmed songs.
References
External links
Mexican telenovelas
Televisa telenovelas
Spanish-language telenovelas
2015 Mexican television series debuts
2015 telenovelas
2015 Mexican television series endings
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