id
stringlengths 2
8
| url
stringlengths 31
389
| title
stringlengths 1
250
| text
stringlengths 2
355k
|
|---|---|---|---|
17339612
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiawhtu
|
Taiawhtu
|
Taiawhtu is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
26718779
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potamogeton%20richardsonii
|
Potamogeton richardsonii
|
Potamogeton richardsonii is a species of aquatic plant known by the common name Richardson's pondweed. It is native to much of northern North America, including all of Canada and the northern and western United States. It grows in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and streams. This perennial herb grows a narrow, mostly unbranched stem from a mat of rhizomes in the substrate. It reaches about a meter in maximum length. The leaves are up to 13 centimeters long and about 3 wide with crinkly pointed or rounded tips. The inflorescence is a spike of flowers arising from the water surface on a peduncle.
References
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Washington Burke Museum
richardsonii
|
17339619
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris%20Talansky
|
Morris Talansky
|
Morris "Moshe" Talansky () is an American businessman and Orthodox rabbi who co-founded the New Jerusalem Foundation with Ehud Olmert, the Prime Minister of Israel.
Biography
After graduating from Yeshiva University in 1954, Talansky was ordained as a rabbi and went on to study law at a New York law school. Talansky and his first wife, Marion, have three children: Yitzhak (Alan), a dentist and lecturer at Jerusalem's Machon Lev college and a father of eleven children ; Bracha Tova (Barbara), a psychologist living in Ra'anana; and Ruth, an architect living in the U.S. In 1996, after 40 years of marriage, the couple divorced. Talansky lives with his second wife, Helen, in Woodsburgh, Long Island. He also has an apartment in Wolfson Towers, a high-rise apartment complex overlooking Sacher Park and the Knesset.
Business and fundraising activities
Talansky owns Trans Global Resources, which he founded in April 1998. He is registered as sole shareholder and director of the company, which provides investment consulting and business services. It also deals in real estate investments.
Talansky was executive director of the American Committee for Shaare Zedek Medical Center for over 20 years, raising large sums for the hospital. He stopped working for Shaare Zedek in 1997. Over the years, Talansky made contributions to the campaigns of Rudy Giuliani and George Bush. He mostly donated sums of $1,000. He is a past board member of Yeshiva University.
Olmert-Talansky affair
Talansky is a longtime acquaintance of former prime minister Ehud Olmert. They knew each other before Olmert was elected mayor of Jerusalem. Olmert used to call Talansky "my dear old friend," and his aides referred to him as "Mr. T."
In May 2008, when Olmert was investigated for alleged briberies, Talansky was one of two pivotal witnesses. The other major witness, Olmert's long-time associate and former partner in their Jerusalem law firm, attorney Uri Messer, allegedly handled the transfer of cash between Talansky and Olmert. Talansky was named as one of the contributors to Olmert's mayoral campaign in 1998.
References
External links
If Olmert isn't a criminal he is at least an ingrate
Living people
American financiers
American Orthodox rabbis
Jewish American philanthropists
Yeshiva University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American Jews
|
26718811
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixfold%20Expanse%20of%20Samantabhadra
|
Sixfold Expanse of Samantabhadra
|
The Sixfold Expanse of Samantabhadra () is one of the Seventeen tantras of Dzogchen Upadesha.
Primary resources
kun tu bzang po klong drug pa'i rgyud @ Wikisource in Wylie
ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ་ཀློང་དྲུག་པའི་རྒྱུད @ Wikisource in Uchen (Tibetan Script), Unicode
Notes
Dzogchen texts
Nyingma tantras
|
20477301
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario%20Peak
|
Ontario Peak
|
Ontario Peak, at 8,696 ft, is a high peak in the San Gabriel Mountains of California. Like its neighbor Cucamonga Peak, it is in the San Bernardino National Forest, and in the Cucamonga Wilderness. The peak is named for the nearby city of Ontario about due south, and first appeared in the General Land Office Forest Atlas in 1908.
The most accessible trailhead for hiking Ontario Peak is in Icehouse Canyon. Forest Service Trail 7W07 leads from here to Icehouse Saddle, from which the Ontario Peak Trail leads to the summit. This route is round trip, with of elevation gain.
See also
Mount San Antonio
Pomona Valley
References
Mountains of San Bernardino County, California
San Gabriel Mountains
San Bernardino National Forest
Mountains of Southern California
|
17339629
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talam%2C%20Myanmar
|
Talam, Myanmar
|
Talam is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
26718856
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion%20Integrated%20Rack
|
Combustion Integrated Rack
|
The Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR) is an experiment facility installed in the International Space Station (ISS). It includes an optics bench, combustion chamber, fuel and oxidizer control, and five different cameras for performing combustion experiments in microgravity.
The Fluids and Combustion Facility (FCF) accommodates the unique challenges of working with fluids and combustion processes in microgravity and provides services and capabilities comparable to those found in traditional Earth-based laboratories. The FCF occupies two powered racks on the ISS: the Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR) and the Fluids Integrated Rack (FIR). The FCF is a permanent modular, multi-user facility that accommodates microgravity science experiments on board the ISS. The FCF supports sustained, systematic research in the disciplines of fluid physics and combustion science.
The CIR is used to perform combustion experiments in microgravity. The CIR can be reconfigured easily on orbit to accommodate a variety of combustion experiments. It consists of an optics bench, a combustion chamber, a fuel and oxidizer management system, environmental management systems, and interfaces for science diagnostics and experiment specific equipment. For diagnostic purposes, five different cameras are available for use by the investigator. The CIR features a 100-litre combustion chamber surrounded by optical equipment and diagnostic packages, including a gas chromatograph. Experiments are conducted by remote control from the Glenn Research Center (GRC) Telescience Support Center (TSC).
The CIR has been designed for use with the Passive Rack Isolation System (PaRIS), which connects the rack to the ISS structure using eight spring-damper isolators and a special set of umbilicals. Modelling and analysis show that the PaRIS can attenuate much of the U.S. Laboratory's vibration and provide a much quieter environment than a simple hard-mounted rack. The CIR is the only combustion research facility on board the ISS.
Facility Operations
The Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR) chamber can operate at low (0.02 atm) or high (up to 3 atm) atmospheric pressures. Tools are not required to open the chamber or change or service the eight windows on the chamber. Gases are delivered through the bottles on the front of the rack. The exhaust package features a filter that can recycle the gas used or convert it to an expellable gas. The CIR can be used to explore droplet, solid fuel, and gaseous fuel combustion.
See also
Scientific research on the ISS
Gallery
References
External links
The FCF Combustion Integrated Rack: Microgravity Combustion Science Onboard [sic] the International Space Station - NASA
The Fluids and Combustion Facility: Enabling the Exploration of Space - NASA
ISS Fluids and Combustion Facility - ISS Research Program - NASA, Glenn
Science facilities on the International Space Station
Destiny (ISS module)
|
17339636
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamna%2C%20Myanmar
|
Tamna, Myanmar
|
Tamna, Burma is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
17339645
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurvaston
|
Thurvaston
|
Thurvaston is a small village in South Derbyshire. In 1970 the population (together with Osleston) was put at 200. This represents a general fall since 1871 when the population was just below 400. As at the census 2011 the population is now listed in the civil parish of Osleston and Thurvaston.
History
Recent excavations have revealed extensive archaeological remains dating back from before 1400. In 2006, both Thurvaston and nearby Sutton-on-the-Hill were identified as sites for future housing. This was based on a survey which identified the high cost of housing and the high number of bedrooms per residence compared with the small number of children in the area.
References
External links
Villages in Derbyshire
South Derbyshire District
|
20477323
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Schubert%20%28film%29
|
Franz Schubert (film)
|
Franz Schubert (original German title: Franz Schubert – Ein Leben in zwei Sätzen) is a 1953 Austrian film depicting composer Franz Schubert's life and work.
It was shot at the Rosenhügel Studios in Vienna with sets designed by the art director Leo Metzenbauer.
Plot
Franz Schubert works as an assistant teacher in the school led by his father. In his spare time, however, the young man, who considers Ludwig van Beethoven to be his unattainable role model, devotes himself to writing music. As public acceptance is denied to him, his friends lobby at the music publisher Anton Diabelli for a public performance of Schubert's music. During a reception, at which Schubert performs his Ave Maria, he gets to know singer Therese Grob.
Schubert decides to quit the employment at his father's and, instead, to concentrate merely on music, and moves in his with friends, poets Franz von Schober and Moritz von Schwind and painter Johann Mayerhofer. There, he is inspired to set Johann Wolfgang von Goethes ballad Der Erlkönig to music.
Schubert friends encourage him to play his music in public. Schubert and Therese, who sings his songs, are made one. The two make a living with performing Schuberts songs. Schubert, though, develops doubts, whether he can express himself in songs appropriately, and so decides to turn to writing symphonies and operas. As Schubert applies for the position of a Vice Director of Music, Therese hands over to the Secretary of the Court Theatre Schuberts latest work, the Unfinished Symphony. Disagreements arise during the rehearsals for Schubert's latest opera, as the singer of the leading part considers the music too difficult to sing. Music publishers Tobias Haslinger and Anton Diabelli reject his music. Even his very promising application as a Vice Director of Music proves to be unsuccessful.
Thus, depressed Schubert decides to tour his songs in order to make a living. In this period of time, he writes the Winterreise.
After having returned, Schubert decides to have lessons in counterpoint with Beethoven, but shies away from contacting his idol. Shortly later, while being plagued by health problems, Schubert gets a visit from Beethoven's secretary Anton Schindler. Sickly Beethoven sends some Goethe poems to Schubert to be set in music, as Beethoven regards Schubert to be the better song composer.
As Schubert wants to visit Beethoven, he arrives too late: Beethoven has died. Schubert is one of the torchbearers during Beethoven's funeral. Suffering from more and more serious health problems, Schubert is no longer able to perceive the success of a public performance of his music. He dies one year after his idol.
Cast
Heinrich Schweiger: Franz Schubert
Aglaja Schmid: Therese Grob
Hans Thimig: Father Schubert
Karl Bosse: Heinrich Grob
Maria Eis: Madame Schechner
Rolf Wanka: Franz Schober
Louis Soldan: Moritz von Schwind
Michael Janisch: Bergmann
Anni Korin: Netty
Erwin Strahl: Johann Mayerhofer
Karl Mittner: Ferdinand Schubert
Fritz Hinz-Fabricius: Court opera singer Vogl
Richard Eybner: Secretary of the Court theatre
Chariklia Baxevanos: Young girl
Fritz Imhoff:
Senta Wengraf
Fred Hennings
Otto Treßler
Franz Pfaudler
Alma Seidler
Susanne Engelhart
Karl Ehmann
Marianne Gerzner
Franz Herterich
Gisa Wurm
External links
1953 films
1950s biographical drama films
Austrian biographical drama films
1950s German-language films
Biographical films about musicians
Films about classical music and musicians
Films directed by Walter Kolm-Veltée
Films shot in Vienna
Films set in Vienna
Films set in the 1810s
Films set in the 1820s
Film
Films about composers
1950s historical drama films
Austrian historical drama films
Films shot at Rosenhügel Studios
|
17339647
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangahka
|
Tangahka
|
Tangahka is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
17339658
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangkyin
|
Tangkyin
|
Tangkyin is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
44506192
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Boat%20Race%201951
|
The Boat Race 1951
|
The 97th Boat Race took place on 24 and 26 March 1951. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. After Oxford sank in the first race held on 24 March, a re-row was ordered by the umpire and took place two days later. It was the first time one of the crews had sunk during the race since the 1925 race. In a race umpired by former Oxford rower Gerald Ellison, Cambridge won the re-row by twelve lengths in a time of 20 minutes 50 seconds, taking the overall record in the event to 53–43 in their favour.
Background
The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues"). First held in 1829, the race takes place on the Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities; it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and, as of 2014, broadcast worldwide. Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1950 race by lengths, with Cambridge leading overall with 52 victories to Oxford's 43 (excluding the "dead heat" of 1877).
Cambridge were coached by W. T. Arthur (who rowed for the Light Blues in the 1950 race), Roy Meldrum (a coach for Lady Margaret Boat Club), James Owen and H. R. N. Rickett (who rowed three times between 1930 and 1932). Oxford's coaches were T. A. Brocklebank (who had rowed for Cambridge three times between 1929 and 1931 and who had also coached the Light Blues in the 1934 race), J. L. Garton (who had rowed for the Dark Blues in the 1938 and 1939 races) and J. A. MacNabb (who rowed for Cambridge in the 1924 race). The race was umpired for the first time by former Oxford rower and Gerald Ellison, the Bishop of Willesden, who had competed in the 1932 and 1933 races.
The Light Blues were considered to be firm favourites, yet the rowing correspondent for The Times suggested that "the outcome is anything but certain". The rowing correspondent writing in The Manchester Guardian stated that "if Oxford to-day can make the most of their superiority in weight and good fighting spirit the race is by no means lost to them".
Crews
The Oxford crew weighed an average of 13 st 0.5 lb (82.6 kg), per rower more than their opponents. Cambridge saw four rowers return with Boat Race experience, including their number six Brian Lloyd and stroke David Jennens. Oxford's crew contained three rowers who had taken part in the previous year's race. Five of Cambridge rowers were studying at St John's College, thus rowed for Lady Margaret Boat Club under the supervision of Meldrum. Three participants in the race were registered as non-British. Oxford's number two A. J. Smith was Australian while their cox G. Carver was American; Cambridge's Lloyd was also Australian.
Race
Oxford won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station, handing the Middlesex side of the river to Cambridge. Umpire Ellison started the race at 1:45 p.m, with a strong wind blowing against the tide, creating "sizeable waves". Oxford had already taken on board a considerable amount of water from their row to the stakeboats and had opted for less physical protection against the inclement conditions than their opponents. Both crews started at a relatively low stroke rate to cater for the conditions, with Cambridge moderately out-rating their opponents. The Light Blues took an early lead and appeared to be coping with the conditions better than Oxford, and were over a length ahead by the time they passed the London Rowing Club boathouse. The Dark Blues shipped more water until they became entirely submerged, and were rescued by spectators on the Oxford launch Niceia. Cambridge continued, and headed for the relative protection of the Surrey shore but were caught by the umpire's boat and informed that the race was void.
It was the first sinking in the Boat Race since the 1925 race in which Oxford went down. Since the umpire declared a "no row" and because the reason for the sinking was deemed to be "equipment failure before the end of the Fulham Wall", it was agreed between the umpire, the boat club presidents and the Port of London Authority that a re-row be arranged which would take place on Easter Monday, 26 March 1951.
After the two-day delay, Oxford once again won the toss and once again elected to start from the Surrey station, handing the Middlesex side of the river to Cambridge. Ellison started the re-row at 2:30 p.m, in light rain and a "dead smooth" river. Cambridge made the better start and although Oxford quickly drew level, the Light Blues were clear by the end of Fulham Wall. Poor steering from cox Carver allowed Cambridge to pull further ahead, passing the Mile Post more than two lengths clear, and Harrods Furniture Depository three lengths up. Jennens pushed on and by the time Cambridge passed below Hammersmith Bridge, they were four and a half lengths clear and seven ahead by Chiswick Steps. By Barnes Bridge, the lead was 11 lengths.
Cambridge won by a margin of 12 lengths in a time of 20 minutes 50 seconds, securing their fifth consecutive victory. It was the largest winning margin since the 1900 race and the slowest winning time since the 1947 race. Crowden later noted that while he believed the initially sinking to be more down to "inferior oarsmanship rather than an accident", he was certain that his crew would have failed to finish the course had they been allowed to continue. The rowing correspondent of The Manchester Guardian suggested that "the 1951 race, with anti-climax following disaster, is best forgotten as quickly as may be." The victory took the overall record in the event to 53–43 in Cambridge's favour.
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Official website
1951 in English sport
1951 in rowing
The Boat Race
March 1951 sports events in the United Kingdom
1951 sports events in London
|
6906305
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey%20Saputo
|
Joey Saputo
|
Giuseppe "Joey" Saputo (born September 25, 1964) is a Canadian businessman and the president of CF Montréal soccer team he founded in 1992, and Saputo Stadium, named after his family's dairy products company Saputo Inc. He is also the chairman of the Italian football club Bologna FC 1909.
Family
Saputo is the son of Emanuele "Lino" Saputo, the founder, former chairman & CEO, and majority shareholder of Saputo Inc., a Canadian dairy products company that also markets a range of other items including spaghetti sauce. Saputo previously owned Vachon Inc., the snack company responsible for the Jos. Louis dessert. Joey Saputo has four sons.
Career
Saputo Inc.
In 1985 Saputo began working for the family business, Saputo Inc., a dairy processing company founded by his father Lino Saputo in 1954. In 1990, he was promoted to president and chief operating officer of the Dairy Products Division for the United States. After occupying various positions within the organization, he was named Senior Vice President of Commercial and Business Development in January 2004.
Club de Foot Montréal
When Saputo was the founding president of Montreal Impact in 1992, the Saputo Group was the team's sole owner; however, under his leadership, in 1999, the club was sold to a group of shareholders. In 2002, the team was incorporated as a non-profit organization, and he played a "pivotal role in the re-launch of the club and returned as President. He then spearheaded the construction of Saputo Stadium, the team's new home, inaugurated at Olympic Park, Montreal, on May 19, 2008.
By 2007, he had left the Saputo Group in order to focus on the Impact. In 2012, he led the club's entry into Major League Soccer and oversaw the Saputo Stadium's expansion. Under his leadership, "professional soccer's popularity has soared to unprecedented heights in Quebec", with the Impact having won three championships, two Canadian championships, and reached the finals of the CONCACAF Champions League. In 2021, the Impact were renamed as Club de Foot Montréal.
Bologna F.C.
Saputo is the majority shareholder in a consortium (BFC 1909 Lux SPV SA) that bought the Italian football team Bologna F.C. 1909 on October 15, 2014. He was nominated as the next chairman of the club in an extraordinary general meeting on November 17, 2014, replacing Joe Tacopina, who retained the position until annual general meeting on December 22, 2014.
Other activities
In addition to his work at the Saputo Group and CF Montreal, Saputo has also been involved in managing his family's assets, consolidated under Jolina Capital ("the Saputo family company"), an asset management company where he was president from March 2001 to January 2004. Jolina Capital is a shareholder—and frequently a majority shareholder—in companies spanning sectors as diverse as food, transportation, softwood lumber, and real estate.
Saputo is currently on the board of directors of TransForce, a publicly traded Canadian transport and logistics company, where he has been an independent director since 1996.
Philanthropy
Saputo is involved in the Montreal community and serves on the boards of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre Foundation, PROCURE, an organization that seeks to prevent and cure prostate cancer, the Italian-Canadian Community Foundation (his father immigrated from Montelepre, Sicily, in the 1950s).
References
1964 births
Living people
Anglophone Quebec people
Businesspeople from Montreal
Canadian food industry businesspeople
Canadian soccer chairmen and investors
Canadian people of Sicilian descent
CF Montréal
Bologna F.C. 1909
North American Soccer League executives
Chief operating officers
|
6906309
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRK
|
FRK
|
FRK may refer to:
Federation of Russian Canadians
Finnish Red Cross (Swedish: )
Frankish language
Frégate Island Airport, in the Seychelles
Fructokinase
Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti
Fyn-related kinase
Martin Frk (born 1993), Czech ice hockey player
|
6906338
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRY
|
WRY
|
WRY, or wry, may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Gordon Wry (1910–1985), a Canadian tenor and conductor
Scotch and Wry, a Scottish television comedy sketch show
Wry, the battle cry made by Dio Brando in the JoJo's Bizarre Adventure series
Medicine
Wry neck, a medical condition with an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position
Wry nose, a medical condition with a deviation of the upper jaw and nose
Places
WRY, the Chapman code for the West Riding of Yorkshire, UK
WRY, the IATA code for Westray Airport on Orkney, Scotland, UK
WRY, the National Rail code for Wraysbury railway station in Berkshire, UK
See also
Work (disambiguation)
|
6906343
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Bachand
|
Pierre Bachand
|
Pierre Bachand (22 March 1835 – 3 November 1878) was a lawyer and politician from Lower Canada who studied law with Louis-Victor Sicotte in Saint-Hyacinthe. He was, at various times, deputy protonotary of the Superior Court and assistant clerk of the Circuit Court in his area.
In 1862, he went into partnership and built up a large practice throughout the area. It was a time of rapid economic growth and, through his influence, they founded a Chamber of Commerce in the Saint-Hyacinthe district.
More important to the area was the start of the Banque de Saint-Hyacinthe which Bachand helped found. He was the president until his death.
He was active in politics and ran successfully for the Liberals in the Legislative Assembly of the province of Quebec in 1867 and was unopposed in 1871 and 1875. Although he was an MLA, he was active in important matters on the federal scene. He worked with Honoré Mercier during the time of the “Pacific Scandal” and helped organize the Parti National in 1871.
References
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
1835 births
1878 deaths
Lawyers in Quebec
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
People from Verchères, Quebec
|
44506231
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Boat%20Race%201952
|
The Boat Race 1952
|
The 98th Boat Race took place on 29 March 1952. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. In a race umpired by former Cambridge rower Kenneth Payne, Oxford won by a canvas in a time of 20 minutes 23 seconds. At no point during the contest was there clear water between the boats. The race, described as "one of the closest fought of all time", was their second win in seven years and took the overall record in the event to 53–44 in Cambridge's favour.
Background
The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues"). First held in 1829, the race takes place on the Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities; it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and, as of 2014, broadcast worldwide. Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1951 race by a lengths, and had won the previous five races. They led overall with 53 victories to Oxford's 43 (excluding the "dead heat" of 1877).
Oxford's coaches were A. J. M. Durand (who had rowed for the Dark Blues in the 1920 race), Hugh "Jumbo" Edwards (who rowed for Oxford in 1926 and 1930), R. D. Hill (who rowed in the 1940 wartime race) and J. H. Page. Cambridge were coached by C. B. M. Lloyd (three-time Blue between 1949 and 1951), Roy Meldrum (a coach for Lady Margaret Boat Club), James Owen and Harold Rickett (who rowed three times between 1930 and 1932). The race was umpired for the third time by the former British Olympian Kenneth Payne, who had rowed for Cambridge in the 1932 and 1934 races.
Although Cambridge had arrived at Putney as clear favourites to win, Oxford's improvements during the build-up to the race had shortened their odds: as the rowing correspondent in The Manchester Guardian suggested, "anything might happen". The rowing correspondent for The Times reported that Cambridge were "quoted as even" but would "still start [the] race as favourites". Moreover, the crews were "extraordinarily evenly matched, but Oxford have a very good chance of breaking the run of Cambridge wins."
Crews
The Cambridge crew weighed an average of 12 st 11.5 lb (81.2 kg), per rower more than their opponents. Oxford's crew contained three rowers with Boat Race experience including Christopher Davidge, their stroke, who was making his third appearance in the event. Cambridge saw three participants return, including cox John Hinde. Oxford's number six Ken Keniston was the only participant registered as non-British; the former Harvard University rower was from the United States.
Race
Cambridge won the toss and elected to start from the Middlesex station, handing the Surrey side of the river to Oxford. The weather was inclement, with gale-force winds and snow disrupting the race, and limiting the number of spectators lining the banks of the Thames to a few thousand. Umpire Payne started the race at 3:15 p.m. Cambridge made the cleaner start in the rough conditions, and held a quarter-length lead at the Dukes' Head pub. Despite making a number of spurts, the Light Blues could not pull away from Oxford, the Dark Blues' stroke maintaining a higher stroke rate to keep in touch. Keeping to more sheltered conditions yet in slower water, Cambridge passed the Mile Post with a lead of half a length.
With the bend in the river beginning to favour Oxford, the lead was slowly eroded until both boats passed nearly level below Hammersmith Bridge. Alongside Chiswick Eyot, the Dark Blues were almost half-a-length ahead but not gaining further. Cambridge's cox Hinde pushed the Oxford boat towards the centre of the river and as they passed under Barnes Bridge the Dark Blue lead was down to less than a quarter of a length. Oxford won by a canvas (approximately ) in a time of 20 minutes 23 seconds, the narrowest margin of victory since 1877, and their first win in six attempts. At no point during the course of the race did either boat have a clear water advantage over their opponent. The rowing correspondent for The Manchester Guardian described the race as "one of the closest fought of all time", while Ian Thomson, writing in The Observer suggested it was "one of the most exciting races ever rowed."
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Official website
1952 in English sport
1952 in rowing
The Boat Race
March 1952 sports events in the United Kingdom
1952 sports events in London
|
44506258
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toybox%20Turbos
|
Toybox Turbos
|
Toybox Turbos is a racing video game developed and published by Codemasters. It was released in November 2014.
Gameplay
Toybox Turbos is a racing video game with gameplay similar to the Micro Machines video game series. The game features 18 circuits and 35 vehicles. The game supports local and online multiplayer.
Reception and reviews
The PC version of Toybox Turbos received "mixed or average" reviews according to a review aggregator website Metacritic. Reception towards the PlayStation 3 version was more favourable.
GamesRadar+ gave it , saying "there is something fundamentally fun about racing tiny cars across a breakfast table and pushing your best mate off it onto the floor...[it] offers immediate multiplayer fun thanks to its mix of racing, weapons and forgiving handling...[but] the single-player mode is not as entertaining".
Eurogamer rated it 7/10, stating that the "handling is appropriately chunky, with enough bounce to be fun, but enough traction that you don't feel out of control...the tracks and race types certainly don't offer enough variation that the decision to favour speed over handling, or vice versa, has any real tactical merit...[but] as a budget-priced reminder of simpler times, Toybox Turbos does everything it needed to, but sadly not much more".
References
External links
2014 video games
Codemasters games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
PlayStation 3 games
Racing video games
Video games scored by Mark Knight
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
|
6906354
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona%20Lisa%20%28singer%29
|
Mona Lisa (singer)
|
Kimberly Leadbetter (born November 20, 1979), better known by her professional stage name Mona Lisa, is an American pop and R&B singer-songwriter, actress, model and record producer. She is best known for her debut single "Can't Be Wasting My Time" featuring the hip hop group Lost Boyz, which was featured on the Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood soundtrack, as well as her debut album 11-20-79.
In 2011, her collaboration with labelmate DL, "First Klass (That Lyfe)" was released as a digital single. It's the lead single for the King of Paper Chasin''' soundtrack. Her song, "Once Upon a Time" (written by Dennis Cooper) appeared in the film, The Heart Specialist which was released in 2012.
Discography
Albums
1996: 11-20-79''
Singles
1996 – "Can't Be Wasting My Time" (featuring Lost Boyz)
1996 – "You Said"
1996 – "Our Time to Shine" (with Lil' Kim ("Don't Be a Menace..." soundtrack)
1997 – "Just Wanna Please U" (featuring The LOX)
1998 – "Peach"
2004 – "Girls" (with Cam'Ron)
2007 – "Get At Me" (with Sonja Blade)
2011 – "First Klass (That Lyfe)" (with DL) ("King of Paper Chasin'" soundtrack)
Other appearances
1996 – "Our Time To Shine (Remix)" (with Lil' Kim) "Don't Be A Menace..." Soundtrack (chorus/background)
1996 – "Music Makes Me High" (Lost Boyz "Legal Drug Money" album (chorus/background, uncredited)
1996 – "Renee" Lost Boyz ("Renee" alternate side Ep Single, chorus/background uncredited)
1997 – "Silent Night" ("A Special Gift" compilation)
1997 – "Somehow" (with Voices of Theory & Kurupt)
1998 – "Get'n It On" ("Woo" soundtrack)
2001 – "Fever" (DJ Famous mixtape 15: R&B is Needed)
2009 – "Thug Love" (Head Crack "Handle My Business" album)
2012 – "Once Upon a Time" ("The Heart Specialist" soundtrack)
Videography
References
External links
Official Twitter
Official facebook
Official MySpace
Ontourage Entertainment's Official Site
Triplebeam World Official Site
1979 births
Living people
Actresses from New York (state)
African-American actresses
African-American women singer-songwriters
American women pop singers
American hip hop musicians
People from Union, South Carolina
People from Yonkers, New York
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
21st-century African-American women singers
20th-century African-American women singers
Singer-songwriters from South Carolina
|
20477350
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei%20Kolosov
|
Sergei Kolosov
|
Sergei Afanasyevich Kolosov (; born May 22, 1986) is a Belarusian former ice hockey defenceman. He last played with Generals Kiev of the Ukrainian Hockey League. Kolosov was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL) in 2004, and signed a contract with the team on June 25, 2008.
He played for the Belarusian national team at the 2008, 2010, and 2011 World Championships, as well as the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1986 births
Belarusian ice hockey defencemen
Detroit Red Wings draft picks
Grand Rapids Griffins players
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
MKS Cracovia (ice hockey) players
Living people
Olympic ice hockey players of Belarus
Orlik Opole players
People from Navapolatsk
Sportspeople from Vitebsk Region
|
6906356
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypogastric%20plexus
|
Hypogastric plexus
|
Hypogastric plexus may refer to:
Superior hypogastric plexus
Inferior hypogastric plexus
|
44506270
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most%20Messed%20Up
|
Most Messed Up
|
Most Messed Up is the tenth studio album by American country/rock band Old 97's, first released on April 29, 2014 (see 2014 in music).
Track listing
All tracks by Rhett Miller, Ken Bethea, Murry Hammond and Philip Peeples except where noted.
"Longer Than You've Been Alive" - 5:52
"Give It Time" - 3:23
"Let's Get Drunk & Get It On" - 3:03
"This Is The Ballad" - 2:39
"Wheels Off" - 3:05
"Nashville" (Miller, Bethea, Hammond, Peeples, Jon McElroy) - 2:35
"Wasted" - 2:53
"Guadalajara" - 2:52
"The Disconnect" - 4:00
"Ex Of All You See" - 2:52
"Intervention" - 3:49
"Most Messed Up" - 2:48
Personnel
Old 97's
Rhett Miller - lead vocals, acoustic guitar
Murry Hammond - bass, backing vocals
Ken Bethea - lead guitar
Philip Peeples - drums, percussion
Additional Musicians
Tommy Stinson - electric guitar, backing vocals
Jon Rauhouse - pedal steel
References
Old 97's albums
2014 albums
ATO Records albums
|
20477410
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino%20Hotels
|
Sino Hotels
|
Sino Hotels (Holdings) Limited () is a hotel operator based in Hong Kong but incorporated in the Cayman Islands. It is affiliated with Sino Land Company Limited in Hong Kong and the Far East Organization in Singapore.
Hotels
Hong Kong
Sino Hotels operate 6 hotels in HK :
City Garden Hotel
Hong Kong Gold Coast Hotel
Gold Cost Yacht and Country Club
Island Pacific Hotel
The Royal Pacific Hotel and Towers Hong Kong
The Olympian Hong Kong
The Pottinger Hong Kong
Singapore
In Singapore, Sino Hotels operate the Fullerton brand :
Fullerton Hotel
Fullerton Bay Hotel
Australia
In Australia, Sino Hotels operate one hotel in Sydney.
The Fullerton, Martin Place, Sydney
Board members
Sino Hotels' board consists of 8 directors including the chairman, Robert Ng.
Executive Directors
Robert Ng Chee Siong (Chairman)
Daryl Ng Win Kong (), the eldest son of chairman Robert Ng, (Deputy Chairman)
Non-Executive Directors
Ronald Joseph Arculli
Gilbert Lui Wing Kwong
Independent Non-Executive Directors
Peter Wong Man Kong
Steven Ong Kay Eng
Wong Cho Bau
References
External links
Sino Hotels official website
The Pottinger official website
Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Offshore companies of the Cayman Islands
Hotels established in 1994
Sino Group
Hotel chains in China
Hospitality companies of Hong Kong
Hospitality companies of Singapore
Hotel chains in Singapore
|
44506273
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred%20Heart%20Higher%20Secondary%20School%2C%20Thevara
|
Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School, Thevara
|
Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School (also referred to as S.H School) is located in Thevara, Ernakulam Kerala, India run by the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI), an indigenous Syrian Catholic religious congregation founded in 1831. School Code of Sacred Heart is 07063.
Organizations
Student Police Cadets
N.S.S
Scouts and Guides
Notable alumni
References
Christian schools in Kerala
Primary schools in Kerala
High schools and secondary schools in Kochi
Educational institutions established in 1965
1965 establishments in Kerala
|
17339675
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Security%20Council%20%28Sri%20Lanka%29
|
National Security Council (Sri Lanka)
|
The National Security Council (NSC) of Sri Lanka is the executive body of the Sri Lankan government that is charged with the maintenance of national security with authority to direct the Sri Lankan military and Police.
History
The National Security Council established in June 1999 by an Gazette notification, by President Chandrika Kumaratunga following the military set backs in Operation Jayasikurui taking over direct control of the military from her cousin General Anuruddha Ratwatte, the deputy defense minister. The NSC came to national attention following the 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings, in which Prime Minister Ranil Wickramasinghe claimed that although a member, he was not invited to NSC sessions chaired by President Maithripala Sirisena following the 2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis.
Membership
See also
National security council
References
Military of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
1999 establishments in Sri Lanka
|
17339679
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20Assenza
|
Giovanni Assenza
|
Giovanni Assenza, born in Ragusa on February 22, 1948, is an Italian lawyer.
Biography
GA pursued classical studies at "Liceo classico Umberto I" in Ragusa and obtained a degree in law from the University of Catania in 1976. The same year he became an official of the Ministry of Justice. From 1981 to 1989 he directed the bankruptcy and commercial section of the Court of Ragusa, and since 1989 he has directed the public prosecutor office of Ragusa.
From 1992 to 1996 he served as manager of the Court of Modica, from 1996 to 1998 as manager of Court of Appeal in Catania, and, from 1998 to July 2007, he was appointed director of the Public Prosecutor office in Ragusa. In 2007, Giovanni Assenza was called to the Bar in the forum of Ragusa.
Giovanni Assenza has also carried out teaching work in the school training of the Ministry of Justice, with regard to administrative law, science organisation, public accounting, privacy and information technology.
He is a founder member of the Associazione Dirigenti Giustizia, where he served as chairman, vice chairman and member of the Governing Council. From 2001 to August 2007, he served as General Secretary of the European Union of Rechtspfleger, which appointed him a member of honour during a congress in Stockholm on August 30, 2007.
Giovanni Assenza is member of the Rotary Club of Ragusa and was made a Paul Harris Fellow by the Rotary Foundation of Rotary International.
External links
Associazione Dirigenti Giustizia
E.U.R. European Union of Rechtspfleger
Rotary Club of Ragusa
1948 births
Living people
People from Ragusa, Sicily
20th-century Italian lawyers
Jurists from Sicily
|
20477412
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco%20and%20Vaping%20Products%20Act
|
Tobacco and Vaping Products Act
|
The Tobacco and Vaping Products Act (the Act) is a Canadian law to regulate the production, marketing and sale of tobacco and vaping products. The law replaced the Tobacco Act, Bill C-71 during the 35th Canadian Parliament in 1997, which itself replaced the former Tobacco Sales To Young Persons Act of 1994 as well as the Tobacco Products Control Act of 1989. The Tobacco Act was amended on July 5, 2010 and renamed to Tobacco and Vaping Products Act in 2018 when similar laws concerning vaping products were added.
Purpose
The purpose of the Act is to protect the health of Canadians by imposing limits on the sale and production of tobacco products. It increases awareness of the health risks associated with use of tobacco products. The Act also protects young people by restricting the age of purchase.
Regulations made under the Act
Tobacco (Access) Regulations
The legal age to purchase tobacco products varies with each province. A person may be asked for documentation to verify their age before purchasing a tobacco product. Under the Act, suitable forms of identification include a driver's license, passport, Canadian permanent resident document, certificate of Canadian citizenship with signature, or a Canadian Armed Forces identification card. Forms of identification issued by a provincial, federal, or foreign government with a signature, photo, and date of birth are also accepted. In addition, every retailer must place a sign near the tobacco products. The sign must adhere to the specifications outlined in the Tobacco Act. It must be in a visible location with a surface area no smaller than 600 cm2 with the following text:
"It is prohibited by federal law to provide tobacco products to persons under 18 years of age. Il est interdit par la loi fédérale de fournir des produits du tabac aux personnes âgées de moins de 18 ans.”
Tobacco products labelling regulations (cigarettes and little cigars)
Tobacco products must have legible packaging with text in both of Canada's official languages, English and French. The package must contain health warnings and information on toxic emissions, either in the form of text or pictures and text. They must be displayed on equal opposite sides of the packaging, on the largest visible side, and on the lid. The warnings may also be included on a leaflet that is visible when accessing the product.
Promotion of tobacco products and accessories regulations (prohibited terms)
The Act prohibits the promotion and advertising of tobacco products when the terms "light" or "mild" are used. This applies to products, packaging, and accessories associated with tobacco. A retailer also cannot display these products if "light" and "mild" are on the packaging.
Cigarette ignition propensity regulations
The Act requires that every brand of cigarettes manufactured on or after October 1, 2005, be tested by manufacturers to make sure the cigarette burns up completely less than 25% of the time. The test is to be conducted using 10 layers of filter paper and each cigarette tested must be of the same brand.
References
Canadian federal legislation
Health in Canada
Tobacco control
|
17339687
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangtong
|
Tangtong
|
Tangtong is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
6906424
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic%20library
|
Academic library
|
An academic library is a library that is attached to a higher education institution and serves two complementary purposes: to support the curriculum and the research of the university faculty and students. It is unknown how many academic libraries there are worldwide. An academic and research portal maintained by UNESCO links to 3,785 libraries. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, there are an estimated 3,700 academic libraries in the United States. In the past, the material for class readings, intended to supplement lectures as prescribed by the instructor, has been called reserves. In the period before electronic resources became available, the reserves were supplied as actual books or as photocopies of appropriate journal articles. Modern academic libraries generally also provide access to electronic resources.
Academic libraries must determine a focus for collection development since comprehensive collections are not feasible. Librarians do this by identifying the needs of the faculty and student body and the mission and academic programs of the college or university. When there are particular areas of specialization in academic libraries, these are often referred to as niche collections. These collections are often the basis of a special collection department and may include original papers, artwork, and artifacts written or created by a single author or about a specific subject.
There is a great deal of variation among academic libraries based on their size, resources, collections, and services. The Harvard University Library is considered to be the largest strict academic library in the world, although the Danish Royal Library—a combined national and academic library—has a larger collection. Another notable example is the University of the South Pacific which has academic libraries distributed throughout its twelve member countries. The University of California operates the largest academic library system in the world, managing more than 34 million items in 100 libraries on ten campuses.
History
United States
The first colleges in the United States were intended to train members of the clergy. The libraries associated with these institutions largely consisted of donated books on the subjects of theology and the classics. In 1766, Yale had approximately 4,000 volumes, second only to Harvard. Access to these libraries was restricted to faculty members and a few students: the only staff was a part-time faculty member or the president of the college. The priority of the library was to protect the books, not to allow patrons to use them. In 1849, Yale was open 30 hours a week, the University of Virginia was open nine hours a week, Columbia University four, and Bowdoin College only three. Students instead created literary societies and assessed entrance fees in order to build a small collection of usable volumes, often in excess of what the university library held.
Around the turn of the century, this approach began to change. The American Library Association (ALA) was formed in 1876, with members including Melvil Dewey and Charles Ammi Cutter. Libraries re-prioritized in favor of improving access to materials and found funding increasing as a result of increased demand for said materials.
Academic libraries today vary in regard to the extent to which they accommodate those who are not affiliated with their parent universities. Some offer reading and borrowing privileges to members of the public on payment of an annual fee; such fees can vary greatly. The privileges so obtained usually do not extend to such services as computer usage, other than to search the catalog, or Internet access. Alumni and students of cooperating local universities may be given discounts or other considerations when arranging for borrowing privileges. On the other hand, access to the libraries of some universities is absolutely restricted to students, faculty, and staff. Even in this case, they may make it possible for others to borrow materials through inter-library loan programs.
Libraries of land-grant universities generally are more accessible to the public. In some cases, they are official government document repositories and so are required to be open to the public. Still, members of the public are generally charged fees for borrowing privileges, and usually are not allowed to access everything they would be able to as students.
Canada
Academic libraries in Canada are a relatively recent development in relation to other countries. The very first academic library in Canada was opened in 1789 in Windsor, Nova Scotia. Academic libraries were significantly small during the 19th century and up until the 1950s when Canadian academic libraries began to grow steadily as a result of greater importance being placed on education and research. The growth of libraries throughout the 1960s was a direct result of many overwhelming factors including, inflated student enrollments, increased graduate programs, higher budget allowance, and general advocacy of the importance of these libraries. As a result of this growth and the Ontario New Universities Library Project that occurred during the early 1960s, five new universities were established in Ontario that all included fully catalogued collections. The establishment of libraries was widespread throughout Canada and was furthered by grants provided by the Canada Council and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, which sought to enhance library collections. Since many academic libraries were constructed after World War Two, a majority of the Canadian academic libraries that were built before 1940 that have not been updated to modern lighting, air conditioning, etc., are either no longer in use or are on the verge of decline. The total number of college and university libraries increased from 31 in 1959–1960 to 105 in 1969–1970.
Following the growth of academic libraries in Canada during the 1960s, there was a brief period of sedation, which was a primary result of some major budgetary issues. These academic libraries were faced with cost issues relating to the recently developed service of interlibrary lending and the high costs of periodicals on acquisition budgets, which affected overall acquisition budgeting and, ultimately general collections. Canadian academic libraries faced consistent problems relating to insufficient collections and an overall lack of coordination among collections.
Academic libraries within Canada might not have flourished or continued to be strengthened without the help of outside organizations. The Ontario Council of University Libraries (OCUL) was established in 1967 to promote unity among Canadian academic libraries. The Ontario College and University Library Association (OCULA) is attached to the Ontario Library Association (OLA) and is concerned with representing academic librarians regarding issues shared in the academic library setting.
India
Modern academic libraries
Academic libraries have transformed in the 21st century to focus less on physical collection development and more on information access and digital resources. Today's academic libraries typically provide access to subscription-based online resources, including research databases and ebook collections, in addition to physical books and journals. Academic libraries also offer space for students to work and study, in groups or individually, on "silent floors" and reference and research help services, sometimes including virtual reference services. Some academic libraries lend out technology such as video cameras, iPads, and calculators. To reflect this changing focus, many academic libraries have remodeled as Learning Commons. Academic libraries and learning commons often house tutoring and writing centers and other academic services.
A major focus of modern academic libraries is information literacy instruction, with most American academic libraries employing a person or department of people dedicated primarily to instruction. Many academic institutions offer faculty status to librarians, and librarians are often expected to publish research in their field. Academic librarian positions in the United States usually require an MLIS degree from an ALA-accredited institution. The Association of College and Research Libraries is the largest academic library organization in the United States.
See also
Academic journal
Google Scholar and academic libraries
Internet search engines and libraries
Shadow library
Research library
Research Libraries Group
Research Libraries UK
Library assessment
Trends in library usage
Notes and references
Further reading
Bazillion, Richard J. & Braun, Connie (1995) Academic Libraries as High-tech Gateways: a guide to design and space decisions. Chicago: American Library Association
--do.-- --do.-- 2nd ed. --do.-- 2001
Jürgen Beyer, « Comparer les bibliothèques universitaires », Arbido newsletter 2012:8
Ellsworth, Ralph E. (1973) Academic library buildings: a guide to architectural issues and solutions 530 pp. Boulder: Associated University Press
Giustini, Dean (2011, 3 May) Canadian academic libraries' use of social media, 2011 update [Web log post]. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20110512080605/http://blogs.ubc.ca/dean/2011/05/canadian-academic-libraries-use-of-social-media-2011-update/
Hamlin, Arthur T. (1981). The University Library in the United States: Its Origins and Development. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Hunt, C. J. (1993) "Academic library planning in the United Kingdom", in: British Journal of Academic Librarianship; vol. 8 (1993), pp. 3–16
Shiflett, Orvin Lee (1981). Origins of American Academic Librarianship. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Pub. Corp.
Taylor, Sue, ed. (1995) Building libraries for the information age: based on the proceedings of a symposium on The Future of Higher Educational Libraries at the King's Manor, York 11–12 April 1994. York: Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies, University of York
Types of library
|
23581410
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%E2%80%9374%20Mersin%20%C4%B0dmanyurdu%20season
|
1973–74 Mersin İdmanyurdu season
|
Mersin İdmanyurdu (also Mersin İdman Yurdu, Mersin İY, or MİY) Sports Club; located in Mersin, east Mediterranean coast of Turkey in 1973–74. The 1973–74 season was the sixth season of Mersin İdmanyurdu (MİY) football team in Turkish First Football League, the first level division in Turkey. They have relegated to second division at the end of the season.
The club address was "Azakhan No: 4", Tel.: 1321. Executive committee: Mehmet Karamehmet (president), Mahir Turhan, Ünal Şıhman, Atilla Taşpınar, Kayhan Okdar, Aydın Özlü, Alptekin Ürgüplü, Yaman Atalay, Sadık Eliyeşil, Mehmet Emin Yıldız, Mustafa Elgin, Erol Tarhan, Reşat Çağlı, Sungur Baydur, Kemal Saraçoğlu.
At the start of the season Motrock Ivon was the coach. He managed the team for three games. He was followed by Nazım Koka. He managed the team for 17 games. After 20th round, Toma Kaloperoviç became the coach on 14.03.1974. Kaloperoviç finished the season.
Pre-season
Preparation games: MİY-Sakaryaspor: 0-0; MİY-Kocaelispor: 2-2; MİY-Gaziantepspor: 1-0.
19.08.1973 - Eskişehirspor-MİY.
30.08.1973 - MİY-Adanaspor: 2-0. Goals: Zeki, Burhan.
1973–74 First League participation
First League was played with 16 teams in its 17th season, 1973–74. Last two teams relegated to Second League 1974–75. Mersin İY finished 15th with 8 wins and relegated to second division next year. MİY finished first half at 14th place. Manager Koka set a target for second half for top ten teams, the team couldn't achieve it. Şeref Başoğlu was the most scorer player with 5 goals.
Results summary
Mersin İdmanyurdu (MİY) 1973–74 First League summary:
Sources: 1973–74 Turkish First Football League pages.
League table
Mersin İY's league performance in Turkey First League in 1973–74 season is shown in the following table.
Note: Won, drawn and lost points are 2, 1 and 0. F belongs to MİY and A belongs to corresponding team for both home and away matches. Champions went to ECC 1974-75, and runners-up and second runners-up became eligible for UEFA Cup 1974-75.
Results by round
Results of games MİY played in 1973–74 First League by rounds:
First half
Second half
1973–74 Turkish Cup participation
1973–74 Turkish Cup was played for the 12th season as Türkiye Kupası by 27 teams. Two elimination rounds and finals were played in two-legs elimination system. Top ten first division teams from previous season participated. Mersin İdmanyurdu did not participate in 1973–74 Turkish Cup because they had finished previous season at 11th place. Fenerbahçe won the Cup for the 2nd time. Bursaspor (as the finalist) became eligible for 1974–75 ECW Cup.
Management
Club management
Mehmet Karamehmet was club president.
Coaching team
1973–74 Mersin İdmanyurdu head coaches:
Note: Only official games were included.
1973–74 squad
Stats are counted for 1973–74 First League matches. In the team rosters five substitutes were allowed to appear, two of whom were substitutable. Only the players who appeared in game rosters were included and listed in the order of appearance.
Sources: 1973–74 season squad data from maçkolik com, Milliyet, and Erbil (1975).
Transfer news from Milliyet:
Transfers in: Atıf, Şeref (Sakaryaspor), Kemal (PTT), Hasan (Ankaragücü). Cevher (loaned from Fenerbahçe).
Transfers out: Güray (Adana Demirspor); Tuncay (Trabzonspor).
See also
Football in Turkey
1973–74 Turkish First Football League
1973–74 Turkish Cup
Notes and references
Mersin İdman Yurdu seasons
Turkish football clubs 1973–74 season
|
17339692
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganapathi%20Vignesh
|
Ganapathi Vignesh
|
Ganapathi Vignesh ( born 11 August 1981) is an Indian First Class cricketer. He was part of Indian World Team in the Indian Cricket League Twenty20 competition.
During 2008, Vignesh played half a season playing English club cricket for Birkenhead Park Cricket Club in the Cheshire County Cricket League.Known for his opening bowling and aggressive opening batting he has been selected by Chennai Super Kings for the IPL 2011 edition.
References
Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers
Tamil Nadu cricketers
1981 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Goa cricketers
Chennai Super Kings cricketers
ICL India XI cricketers
Chennai Superstars cricketers
|
23581420
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancery%2C%20Ceredigion
|
Chancery, Ceredigion
|
Chancery (Welsh: Rhydgaled) is a hamlet in Llanfarian community, in the district county of Ceredigion, Mid-Wales, south of the administrative centre Aberystwyth. The hamlet is on the A487 road, about south-west of Llanfarian village.
The Conrah Hotel is an old lodge on the outskirts of the hamlet. A school at Chancery is referred to in a World War II children's evacuation account.
References
Villages in Ceredigion
|
17339700
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Chronology (disambiguation)
|
Chronology is the science of locating events in time.
A chronology is a common term for a timeline.
It can also mean:
Chronology (Bryn Haworth album), a 1989 release
Chronology (Dom and Roland album), a 2004 release
Chronology (Chronixx album), a 2017 release
Chronology, a 1997 compilation by Buzzcocks
Chronology Volume 1, a 2007 album by Christian rock band Third Day
Chronology Volume 2, a 2007 album by Christian rock band Third Day
"Chronology", a composition from Ornette Coleman's The Shape of Jazz to Come
Chronology (video game), a 2014 puzzle-platform game
See also
Chronometry
Horology, the study of time
Timeline (disambiguation)
|
17339704
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20Garcia
|
King Garcia
|
Louis "King" Garcia (August 25, 1905 – September 4, 1983) was a Puerto Rican jazz trumpeter who spent most of his career in the United States.
Garcia played early in his life in the Municipal Band of San Juan, whose director was Juan Tizol's uncle, Manuel Tizol. He moved to the U.S. early in the 1920s, where he played with the Original Dixieland Jazz Band and Emil Coleman. In the 1930s he did work in the studios, including his most important association, which was with Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey. He recorded with the bandleaders both together and separately. He also played with Vic Berton (1935), Richard Himber, Nat Brandwyne, Amanda Randolph, and Louis Prima (1939). In the 1940s he returned to play with Coleman again, and led his own Latin ensemble that decade. By the 1960s he had moved to California and essentially retired due to failing health.
See also
Eugene Chadbourne
External links
[ Louis "King" Garcia] at Allmusic
1905 births
1983 deaths
Puerto Rican jazz musicians
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
20th-century trumpeters
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
|
17339718
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20World%20Yellow%20Pages
|
One World Yellow Pages
|
One World Yellow Pages (One World), is a business-to-business yellow pages directory published by Global Publishers that was launched in April 2008 to provide companies and service providers an opportunity to search, connect, and transact with business partners and supplier contacts around the world.
The One World Yellow Pages directory contains comprehensive business product and supplier information, and was designed to promote and connect small and medium-sized companies, solve language barriers, improve market visibility, simplify sales sourcing, and provide businesses with global trade resources in a single online location.
One World is a wholly owned subsidiary of Global Publishers LLC, a publisher of international print and online business directories. Global Publishers also publishes the Export Yellow Pages, a directory of US companies and export service providers engaged in international trade and export promotion. The Export Yellow Pages is published as part of a public-private partnership with the United States Department of Commerce, and is administered by the Export Trading Company Affairs, International Trade Administration.
One World Yellow Pages' principal business office is located at 5055 N. Lydell Avenue, Suite 2100, Glendale, Wisconsin 53217 (USA).
Export Related Agencies
Department of Commerce (USDOC)
The mission of the USDOC is to "promote job creation and improved living standards for all Americans by creating an infrastructure that promotes economic growth, technological competitiveness, and sustainable development." Among its tasks are gathering economic and demographic data for business and government decision-making, issuing patents and trademarks, and helping to set industrial standards.
International Trade Administration (ITA)
The International Trade Administration is an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that promotes United States exports of nonagricultural U.S. services and goods.
See also
Export
Trade
U.S. & Foreign Commercial Service
International trade
List of countries by exports
External links
One World Yellow Pages official site
Export Yellow Pages official site
United States Department of Commerce website
International Trade Administration website
The U.S. Government’s Export Portal
Publishing companies of the United States
Companies based in Wisconsin
Milwaukee County, Wisconsin
|
20477444
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattru%20Jong
|
Mattru Jong
|
Mattru Jong commonly known as Mattru (sometimes spelled Matru) is the capital of Bonthe District in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone. Mattru Jung is located on the mainland of Bonthe District, along the Jong River, 52 miles southwest of Bo. The town is the seat of Mongerewa Jong Chiefdom, and is the home of Mongerewa Jong Paramount Chief Alie Badara Sheriff III. The town's current estimated population is about 20,000 people. In 2010 it was 8,199, and in the 2004 census the town had a population of 7,647.
The main industries in Mattru Jong are fishing, rice-growing, cassava-farming, and palm oil production. The town is largely inhabited by the native Sherbro and Mende people. The town has several secondary schools, a major hospital and a police station, operated by the Sierra Leone Police Force.
Name and founding legend
The name Mattru Jong is said to be derived from the Mende words "Mo-Tewoo," meaning "Place of the Buffalos." According to legend a hunter from Senehun, a village on the bank of the Jong river, canoed across the river in search of game. He was successful in capturing and slaughtering a large buffalo on the opposite side of the river. As more hunters found out about the location and its plentiful supply of buffalo, people began to settle there, rather than return across the river to Senehun.
Hospital
Mattru Hospital was founded as a dispensary in 1950 by missionary nurses from the United Brethren in Christ (UBC). By 1959 the dispensary had become a 15-bed hospital. The hospital continued to grow in capacity during the 1960s and 1970s, and by 1981 Mattru Hospital had grown to 69 beds, with pediatrics, obstetrics, surgical, and outpatient units, and x-ray and laboratory facilities.
In 1994 the hospital was shut down because of the threat of civil war violence, and international personnel working in the hospital were evacuated from the country. The hospital was destroyed by Revolutionary United Front (RUF) rebels during the war.
After the war, Mattru Hospital was rebuilt and reopened by Doctors Without Borders in 2001. They turned the hospital over to the UBC's Sierra Leone Conference in 2002.
In October 2009 the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) provided funding through the office of Sierra Leone's First Lady, Sia Nyama Koroma to refurbish and "re-brand" the hospital as a "centre of excellence."
On March 31, 2010 President Ernest Bai Koroma visited Mattru Jong Hospital in order to assess its preparedness for the planned April 27, 2010 rollout of free medical services for pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children under the age of five. Staffing, electricity supply and confusion over the hospital's funding status (as a part mission-, part government-run entity) were seen as the major challenges to the hospital's effectiveness.
Civil war
RUF rebels fighting in the Sierra Leone Civil War captured Mattru Jong at the end of January, 1995. They faced little military resistance as the Sierra Leone Army (SLA) had already withdrawn from the town. Earlier in January the RUF had briefly taken over the Sierra Rutile Company mine in Imperi Chiefdom, Bonthe District, about 10 miles north west of Mattru Jong, but it was recaptured by the end of January. Most of the RUF forces who captured Mattru Jong entered from the direction of Imperi Chiefdom but some may have come from Sumbaya, Lugbu Chiefdom, Bo District, about fifteen miles east of Mattru Jong. Upon settling in Mattru Jong, the RUF set up its own governing structures in the town. The RUF stole medical supplies from the hospital and used it as a training base. Another base known as "Camp Lion" was set up at Gambia Palm Oil Plantation, nine miles from Mattru Jong. The RUF remained in Mattru Jong for eight months until it was recaptured by the SLA in October, 1995.
Communications
Mobile phone company Airtel provides coverage of the Mattru Jong area. The service was launched in 2006 by Celtel (now owned by and renamed Airtel). A Western Union branch is located in the town.
Visits by First Lady
Mattru Jong has been visited by Sierra Leone's First Lady, Madam Sia Nyama Koroma once in 2009 and once in 2010. In February 2009 Madam Koroma addressed supporters of the All People’s Congress (APC) at the compound of Late Paramount Chief Goba in Mattru Jong. According to a statement released by her office, some of the issues faced by people in Bonthe district that she had identified during her visit included "improper health care delivery, poor infrastructure, poor water and sanitation and inadequate means to transport their agricultural produce from place to place". In February 2010 it was reported that Madam Koroma would be visiting Bonthe District, including Mattru Jong, as part of an effort to investigate the district's health care needs, especially those of women. A meeting with the board of Mattru Jong Hospital was scheduled and Madam Koroma was also expected to give the keynote speech at a graduation ceremony for nurses who had been trained at the hospital.
A Long Way Gone
The town was featured prominently in the book A Long Way Gone by Ishmael Beah, a memoir of the author's experiences during the Sierra Leone Civil War. Beah and his brother were visiting Mattru Jong with a group of friends when he learned that his home village of Mogbwemo had been attacked by rebels. Beah and his friends remained in Mattru Jong until the rebels arrived there about one month later.
References
Populated places in Sierra Leone
|
44506279
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Boat%20Race%201953
|
The Boat Race 1953
|
The 99th Boat Race took place on 28 March 1953. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. The race, in which the Oxford crew was slightly heavier than their opponents, was umpired by former rower Gerald Ellison. Cambridge won by eight lengths in a time of 19 minutes 54 seconds. It was their sixth win in seven years and took the overall record in the event to 54–44 in their favour.
Background
The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues"). First held in 1829, the race takes place on the Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities; it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and, as of 2014, broadcast worldwide. Oxford went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1952 race by a canvas, with Cambridge leading overall with 53 victories to Oxford's 44 (excluding the "dead heat" of 1877).
Cambridge were coached by James Crowden (who had represented Cambridge in the 1951 and 1952 races), David Jennens (who rowed three times between 1949 and 1951), Roy Meldrum (a coach for Lady Margaret Boat Club) and R. H. H. Symonds (who had rowed in the 1931 race). Oxford's coaches were A. J. M. Durand (who had rowed for the Dark Blues in the 1920 race), Hugh "Jumbo" Edwards (who rowed for Oxford in 1926 and 1930), R. D. Hill (who rowed in the 1940 wartime race) and J. H. Page. The race was umpired for the second time by former Oxford rower and Gerald Ellison, the Bishop of Willesden.
In the build-up to the race, opinions were divided on which crew was favourite to win. According to the rowing correspondent of The Manchester Guardian, upon arrival at Putney, Oxford demonstrated "great superiority" over Cambridge, yet the Light Blues had improved, and had "the pace, if not the form, to win". The Times had declared "Oxford the stronger crew" on the day of the race. Queen Mary had died four days prior to the race; the coxes wore black armbands and the flag post on the umpire's launch was draped in black as marks of respect. The umpire was accompanied on his launch by Lord Tedder, the Chancellor of the University of Cambridge.
Crews
The Oxford crew weighed an average of 12 st 13 lb (81.9 kg), per rower more than their opponents. Cambridge saw two rowers return to their crew: J. S. M. Jones at number two and G. T. Marshall at number four. Oxford's crew contained three rowers with Boat Race experience: A. J. Smith, M. L. Thomas and H. M. C. Quick. Two of the participants in the race were registered as non-British: Oxford's Smith was Australian while Cambridge's L. B. McCagg was from the United States. The rowing correspondent for The Times described Oxford's crew as containing "no outstanding individuals" yet "no weak links". Conversely, Cambridge's crew was "variable" in quality but in former Harvard University rower Louis McCagg, they had the "outstanding oarsman in either crew".
Race
Cambridge won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station, handing the Middlesex side of the river to Oxford. On a poor tide and in a strong south-westerly wind, umpire Ellison started the race at 12 noon. Both crews rated 36 for the first minute, after which the Light Blues held a quarter-length lead. Passing Beverley Brook, the bend in the river began to favour Oxford but Cambridge continued to pull away and were clear by a length as the crews passed the Mile Post. They increased the lead by a further half-length as they passed the Crab Tree pub, and although Oxford made several bursts, they passed below Hammersmith Bridge six seconds behind the Light Blues, and fell in behind them, the "first visible gesture of despair" according to The Manchester Guardians rowing correspondent.
Pushing away from the bridge, Oxford stayed in touch with Cambridge for a brief period, although could not reduce their lead. Rowing into rough water towards Chiswick Eyot, Cambridge moved across to seek shelter closer to the Surrey shore, while Oxford continued in the difficult conditions. A lead of 14 seconds by Chiswick Steps was calmly extended to 20 seconds by the time the crews passed below Barnes Bridge. Cambridge won by eight lengths in a time of 19 minutes 54 seconds, a time which "could have been shortened by at least half a minute had the winners been pressed". It was their sixth victory in the past seven and the fastest winning time since the 1949 race. The rowing correspondent for The Times described the result as a "spectacular reversal of form" having failed to show the pace they demonstrated in practice.
ReferencesNotesBibliography'
External links
Official website
1953 in English sport
1953 in rowing
The Boat Race
March 1953 sports events in the United Kingdom
1953 sports events in London
|
6906443
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froggy%20%28brand%29
|
Froggy (brand)
|
Froggy is a brand name radio format used for a variety of radio stations in the United States, most of which broadcast a country music format, with a few playing adult contemporary. (There was, however, an oldies-themed "Froggy" in Erie, Pennsylvania: the former WFGO; that station has since changed format and calls in 2007. Another oldies-based Froggy station, KFGI in Austin, Texas, changed formats in 1994.) Although the frog logo is shared among these stations, most of them are not associated with one another. The "Froggy" branding is particularly common among country stations currently or formerly owned by Forever Broadcasting or Forever Communications and Keymarketradio LLC, companies founded by Froggy creator Kerby Confer.
Origin
The Froggy format was conceived by Kerby Confer in 1988. Previously, Confer created a variety of country radio station brands such as "Kissin'" (KSSN in Little Rock, Arkansas) and "Beaver" (WBVR-FM in Bowling Green, Kentucky). "Froggy" was first installed on WFRG-FM in Utica, New York on February 1, 1988 with the branding "96 Frog". (The format and call letters have since switched frequencies and the station is now known as "Big Frog 104".) Other Froggy stations soon followed, including KFRG in Riverside-San Bernardino, California and WFGY in Altoona, Pennsylvania. For his work in developing the Froggy format, Confer was inducted into the Pennsylvania Radio Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 2003 and the Country Radio Hall of Fame in 2016.
General theme
The Froggy branded radio station uses jargon saturated with frog-related puns. Station disc jockey pseudonyms and program elements bear names making reference to things such as where the frog lives (in a pond), how a frog moves (hops), what noise a frog makes (cricket or ribbit), and other words that are related to frogs.
Examples of the "Froggy" theme use words like the following:
"Hop-Line", "Frogcast", "Froggy Fotos", "Local Hoppenings", "Hoppy Birthday", "Froggy Fun Fones", "Froggyland", "in the swamp".
Some of the stations incorporate the lingo into their coverage area. For example, WFGE in State College, Pennsylvania refers to Happy Valley, the area in and around State College, as "Hoppy Valley". Most also call their coverage area "Froggyland".
An occasional "ribbit" between songs is used sometimes as a sweeper or in lieu of a jingle or dry segue.
Listeners are encouraged to contact the station: "give us a ribbit on the hoplines".
WFRG-FM in Utica, New York used to close out its weather "frogcast" with a jingle that sang "you sing 10 songs in a row and you're such a good friend of mine", to the tune of Three Dog Night's "Joy To The World", whose first line was "Jeremiah was a bullfrog".
A few Froggy stations in Pennsylvania used a parody of "Mercury Blues": "Hey now Froggy/You sound so fine/Ridin' 'round in my Merc'y 49/Crazy 'bout my Froggy/I'm crazy 'bout my Froggy/Gonna turn up my Froggy, cruisin' up and down the road, uh-huh". These are called "Froggy Songs" that most stations play periodically throughout the day. WFGS in Murray, Kentucky previously offered some of the Froggy songs as free ringtones.
Logo
For the most part, the logo of a "Froggy" branded radio station is a smiling green frog. The font, color, position and angles can vary, however, the frog is generally green with a red tongue. The variations on the logo include the radio station's frequency as well as whether it is referred to as "Frog", "Big Frog", or "Froggyland".
DJ monikers
Many DJs at Froggy-branded stations (known as "frog jocks") use pseudonyms that reflect the branding:
KVOX-FM in Fargo, North Dakota: Hopalong Cassidy, Anne Phibian, Hoppy Gilmore, Lilly Pad, Pete Moss, Jeremiah Bullfrog
WFGY in Altoona, Pennsylvania: Frogman, Kellie Green, Tad Pole, Polly Wogg, Pete Moss, James Pond
WFGE in State College, Pennsylvania: Boss Frog, Ann Phibian, Skeeter, Hopper, Sally Mander, Swampy
WFGS in Murray, Kentucky: Marty McFlies, Gracie Hopper, Heather McRibbits, Kenny Lake
WFRG-FM in Utica, New York: Annie Croakley, David Hopperfield, Joey Buttafroggo, Bean Pole, I. B. Green, Elvis Frogsley, Catfish Crawford
WFRY-FM in Watertown, New York: James Pond & Cricket, Webb Foote, Bud Green, Jumpin' Jay, Pete Moss, Croakin' O Brian, Annie Croakley, Swim Mcgraw
WOGY in Jackson, Tennessee: Tad Pole, Al Gee, Cricket
Many of the Froggy stations that have the country format use the syndicated evening program Lia, often putting "Leapin'" in front of her name to "frogify" her.
List of "Froggy" stations
In other media
The "Froggy" moniker is regularly lampooned on the Glenn Beck Program; Beck's alter ego, "Flap Jackson", is the morning jock at the fictional "109.9 The Big Frog".
On the US television series The Office, there is a Froggy 101 bumper sticker on the wall behind the reception desk and file cabinet, next to the desk of Dwight Schrute. The Office is set in Scranton, Pennsylvania, where WGGY uses the moniker "Froggy 101".
Related brands
Confer's daughter, Kristin Cantrell, established the Bigfoot Country brand for her stations when entering radio ownership. She also eventually acquired a prominent Froggy imitator, The Pig.
See also
KISS-FM, a top 40 radio brand owned by iHeartMedia
Jack FM, an adult hits radio brand
Bob FM, an adult hits radio brand
WEBN, a rock station in Cincinnati that had a frog mascot named Tree B. Frog
WIVK-FM, a country station in Knoxville, Tennessee that uses a frog as its logo, but a different "Froggy" package from other stations
References
External links
American radio networks
Franchised radio formats
|
17339731
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Wijuk%20Koja%C5%82owicz
|
Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz
|
Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz (; ; ; 1609–1677) was a Lithuanian historian, theologian and translator. He was devoted Jesuit and religious polemicist, interested in genealogy and heraldry. He served as a censor, bishops advisor and Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania.
Biography
Albert and his brother Casimir were born in the House of Perkūnas in Kaunas (or Romainiai according to other sources) to a poor Lithuanian noble family. They bore Kościesza coat of arms, but without a cross-bar. He studied rhetoric, philosophy and theology in which mastered title of doctor in 1645. Later he was appointed as a professor of Alma Academia et Universitas Vilnensis Societatis Iesu, teacher of logic, physics, metaphysics and ethic. Together with his brothers he joined Jesuit order and founded its colleges in Kaunas, Vilnius and Polatsk. In 1653 he became rector of Vilnius Academy. He died on 6 October 1677 in Vilnius.
Wijuk Kojałowicz was famous for his rhetoric talent and research in the Lithuanian history. He is considered one of the best and most productive historical writers of the 17th century. Among his forty publications most important is "Historiae Lituanae", which was the first full research on the history of Lithuania.
History of Lithuania
Wijuk Kojałowicz was devoted to the Lithuanian history and his "Historiae Lituanae" is considered, next to Maciej Stryjkowski's "Kronika Polska, Litewska, Żmódzka" and Alexander Guagnini's "Sarmatiae Europaeae Descriptio", as one of the most important studies of history of Lithuania from the mid-seventeenth century. It was used as main source for Lithuanian history until the 19th century.
The study continued the tradition of Lithuanian Chronicles by glorifying the heroic past of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, by voicing the patriotic sentiments and by encouraging Lithuanian nobles to protect the territorial integrity of their fatherland.
Wijuk-Kojałowicz also focused on the imperfection of human memory. Memory is, according to him, a defective instrument, with time it tends to remember incorrectly, incompletely, or not at all. The technology of human memory, in Wijuk-Kojałowicz's view, is always uncertain and doubtful, even the written testimony is bound to mutate and to be distorted. Kojałowicz's implied that the goal of history is nothing else but to preserve memory of all things past. The communal or collective memory is firmest when it is written down:
In the foreword of the first volume of this work entitled "An opportunity to write the history of Lithuania", he admitted that he had not just translated Stryjkowski's history but had revised it "according to the requirements and laws of a written treatise..." . According to Wijuk-Kojałowicz, Stryjkowski's history, that was written in Polish was not accessible to foreign readers, and it also broke rhetorics and history principles in many places. Because of his critical stance towards Stryjkowski's "Kronika..." Wijuk-Kojałowicz revised it so, that it would teach the young not only the history of their country, but also the Latin language.
His goal, as he admitted himself, was to rewrite Stryjkowski's history in Latin according to the rhetoric principles and historical truth. Kojałowicz's history moved away from metaphorical representation favored by Stryjkowski toward a more balanced description. He replaced Stryjkowski's metaphorical style of historical writing preoccupied with analogy and thereby closer to poetry with a rhetoric focused on the mechanics of telling a linear story.
Despite of his critical attitude, Wijuk-Kojałowicz's History of Lithuania reiterated Stryjkowski's chronological and factual errors. As in "Kronika...", the death dates of the Lithuanian Grand Dukes Algirdas and Gediminas were incorrect, and the names of Algirdas's sons and uncles were mixed up. The change of places and names, confused in the course of many centuries, sometimes obscured the truth so that it became impossible to distinguish between truth and the fiction for the states were formed during barbarian times when there were no writers. Because of such reasons there remained very few stories about the origins and customs of the Lithuanians, and thus many widespread stories are questionable or false. Kojałowicz was skeptical about the possibility of history written sine ira et studio, without anger and without preconception, without affection and hatred.
Wijuk-Kojałowicz described the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a state consisting of two states, the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and two nations, the Lithuanian and Polish, which were supposed to have equal rights. He extensively described the Union of Lublin which was, in his opinion, a significant event in the history of the Grand Duchy. The Lithuanian nobles were convinced that they needed this union but its conditions had to guarantee and preserve the dignity of the Lithuanian state and Lithuanian nation:
In his history, Wijuk-Kojałowicz did not fail to record the continuous rivalry between the Lithuanians and Poles for their rights and privileges and their constant distrust of each other.
Wijuk-Kojałowicz regarded the religion as the most important attribute of national belonging. According to him, neither ethnicity nor language distinguished Lithuanians from Ruthenians but their different creed. Roman Christianity became a definitive composite of a noble's identity.
Wijuk-Kojałowicz wrote that:
In Kojałowicz's works, the nation was, first of all, imagined as a community with common interests and a shared past. His ideas about the historical nation were not only a reflection of cultural forces in the state, they were instrumental in forging popular imagination of the historical community of the Grand Duchy. The word "nation" (natio), which he often used, was expressed as a problematic ambivalence in imagining and fictionalizing the community of Lithuania.
Bibliography
"Colloquia Theologi cum Politico de electione prudenti unios verae Christianae religionis, sub nomine sui discipuli" Vilnius 1640
"Primum Societatis Jesu annum secularem Vilnae solennibus feriis celebratum" Vilnius 1640
"Compendium Ethicae Aristotelicae" Vilnius 1645
"Oculus ratione correctus, sux refutatio demonstrations ocularis de Vacuo" Vilnius 1648
"Decem modi colendi Beatissimam Virginem in ejus imagine Lauretana" Vilnius 1648
"De vita et morbius P. Laurentii Bartlii S. J." Vilnius 1648
"Miscellanea rerum ad statum ecclesiasticum in Magno Lithuaniae Ducatu pertinentia" (Synthesis of history and contemporaneity of Christianity in Lithuania) Vilnius 1650
"Historiae Lituanae" (History of Lithuania) (dedicated to the Sapieha family)
vol.1 "Historiae Lithuanae pars prior, de rebus Lithuanorum ante susceptam Christianam religionem conjunctionemque... cum regno Poloniae" 1650 Gdańsk
vol.2 "Historiae Lithuanae pars altera a conjunctione cum Regno Poloniae ad unionem corum Dominiorum libri octo" 1669 Antwerp
"De rebus gestis anno 1648 et sequenti contra Cosacos Zaporovios rebelles" Vilnius 1651
"Instructio circa casus reservatos ad usum cleri Dioecisis Vilnensis" Vilnius 1651
"Fasti Radziviliani compendio continentes gesta Ducum Radziwił" Vilnius 1653, (sponsored and dedicated to Janusz Radziwiłł)
"Colloquia Theologi cum Ministro, de dissidiis in rebus fidei inter Catholicos et Calvinistas" "O niektorych roznicach wiary, ktore między katholikami y ewangelikami zachodza : theologa z ministrem rozmowy ku przestrodze tak katholikow iako y ewengelikow" (About some differences in faith, which are between Catholics and evangelist: theologian with minister conversation to aware as Catholics as well as evangelists) Vilnius 1653
"Instructionum Rhetoricarum partes duae" Vilnius 1654
"Rerum in M. D. Lithuaniae per tempus rebellionis Russicae gestarum commentarius etc.", 1655
"Compendium Vitae Alphonsi Rodriquez Soc. Jesu ex Hispanico" Vilnius 1656
"Colloquia Theologi cum Dissidente in Religione, de sincero, et non adulterato usu Sacrae Scripturae ad probandos artieulos fidei" Kalisz 1667
"Modi Sexaginta Sacrae Oratonis Varie formandae" Antwerp 1668
"Panegyrici Heroum, varia antahac manu sparsi, in anum collecti" Vilnius 1668
"Soli polique decus Sagittae Wołowicianae Ladislao Wołowicz Palatino Witebski" Vilnius 1669
"Kazania o męce Pańskiej, opus posthumum" Vilnius 1675
"Herbarz Rycerstwa W.X. Litewskiego tak zwany COMPENDIUM O Klejnotach albo Herbach ktorych Familie Stanu Rycerskiego W Prowincyach Wielkiego Xiestwa Litweskiego Zazywaja" (An Armorial of the Knighthood of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania which is called COMPENDIUM, in which the Coats of Arms or Heraldry of the Noble Families of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania are Explored), Kraków 1897.
"Herbarz szlachty Wielkiego Ksiestwa Litewskiego zwany NOMENCLATOR" (An Armorial of the Nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania which is called NOMENCLATOR), Kraków 1905.
References
1609 births
1677 deaths
17th-century Lithuanian Jesuits
Polish male writers
Lithuanian nobility
17th-century Lithuanian historians
Historians of Lithuania
Polish nobility
Vilnius University alumni
Vilnius University rectors
|
17339732
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud%20gun
|
Spud gun
|
A spud gun is a small toy gun used to fire a fragment of potato. To operate, one punctures the surface of a potato with the gun's hollow tip and pries out a small pellet which fits in the muzzle. Squeezing the grip causes a small build-up of air pressure inside the toy which propels the projectile. The devices are usually short-range and low-powered.
Early history
The first spud gun was invented during the Great Depression. The original inventor sold his patent to E. Joseph Cossman for US$600 after World War II. Cossman, the brother-in-law of "Uncle" Milton Levine, sold two million spud guns in six months as a result of an advertising campaign.
In Mexico City a company named WELCO created a similar model of a spud gun with a metallic appearance. Tomas Welch, a Mexican Jewish chemical engineer, developed a spud gun named "TIRA PAPAS" (Spanish for "potato shooter").
Notes
Toy weapons
|
44506292
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Stewart
|
Nicholas Stewart
|
Nicholas John Cameron Stewart KC (born 16 April 1947), is a British Barrister, King's Counsel, Bencher of the Inner Temple (since 1999), Deputy High Court Judge (Chancery Division and King's Bench Division since 1991), former Chairman of the Bar Human Rights Commission (1994–98), former President of the Union Internationale des Avocats (2001–02), former narrator of the BBC Radio Series No Further Questions? and current Chairman of the Democratic Progress Institute.
Early life
Stewart was born on 16 April 1947, the son of John Cameron Stewart and Margaret Mary (née Botsford). He was educated at Bedford Modern School and gained an exhibition to read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Worcester College, Oxford.
Career
Stewart was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1971, taking silk in 1987 and being made a Bencher of the Inner Temple in 1999. Since 1991 he has been a Deputy High Court Judge (Chancery Division and King's Bench Division). Stewart is a former Chairman of the Bar Human Rights Commission (1994–98) and a former President of the Union Internationale des Avocats (2001–02). He was lead council to Momčilo Krajišnik, former President of Republika Srpska, who was tried for crimes against humanity at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
Outside of the law, Stewart was a narrator of the BBC Radio Series No Further Questions? and is Chairman of the Democratic Progress Institute.
Personal life
Stewart married Pamela Jean Windham in 1974. Pamela is a forensic psychotherapist of Texan descent. Her sister is the writer and entrepreneur Margaret Heffernan. Nicholas and Pamela have one son, Senan, and two daughters, Rosalind and Olivia. The marriage was dissolved in 2000. Stewart also has a daughter by his partner Dr Tabea Lauktien.
References
External links
Nicholas Stewart QC at the Democratic Progress Institute
Nicholas Stewart QC at www.epguides.com
1947 births
Living people
King's Counsel
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
People educated at Bedford Modern School
|
6906469
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythrophleum%20chlorostachys
|
Erythrophleum chlorostachys
|
Erythrophleum chlorostachys is a species of leguminous tree endemic to northern Australia, from northeastern Queensland to the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Commonly known as Cooktown ironwood, the species is found in wide range of environments from arid savanna to tropical rainforest. The species is a beautiful source of timber, which is exceptionally hard and dense as well as being highly termite resistant. The eastern dragon shaped heartwood skeletons of the Cooktown Ironwood resisting natural degradation add wonder to their landscapes.
Ironwood is semi-deciduous, dropping much of its foliage in response to the prolonged winter dry periods which are the norm within its native range. The foliage of the tree contains toxic levels of alkaloids and has been responsible for numerous deaths of both cattle and horses.
Virtually all culturally modified trees in Eucalyptus tetrodonta woodland on Cape York Peninsula are Cooktown ironwoods. Most of these are 'sugar bag scars' where Aboriginal people have cut through the cambium into the heartwood of the tree to remove honey from native bees. Scars have been made using both stone axes (in pre-contact times) and steel axes (post-contact). These have particular significance to Aboriginal people as the tangible representation of past cultural practices. The large number of hollows found in Cooktown ironwoods at Kakadu National Park are also likely to be culturally modified trees (e.g. Taylor 2002 Figure 6.8).
References
Boland, D.J., Brooker M.I.H, Chippendale, G.M., Hall, N., Hyland, B.P.M., Johnstone, R.D., Kleinig, D.A., Turner, J.D. (1984). "Forest trees of Australia." CSIRO. Melbourne.
Dunlop, C.R., Leach, G.J. and Cowie, I.D. (1995). "Flora of the Darwin region. 2." Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory. Darwin.
Morrison, M., McNaughton, D. and Shiner, J. (2010). "Mission-Based Indigenous Production at the Weipa Presbyterian Mission, Western Cape York Peninsula (1932-66)". International Journal of Historical Archaeology 14:86-111.
Taylor, R. (2002). "Ironwood Erythrophleum chlorostachys in the Northern Territory: aspects of its ecology in relation to timber harvesting". Report to Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia.
chlorostachys
Fabales of Australia
Flora of Queensland
Flora of the Northern Territory
Rosids of Western Australia
Trees of Australia
Drought-tolerant trees
Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller
|
17339757
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangtung
|
Tangtung
|
Tangtung is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
20477460
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Fey
|
Barry Fey
|
Barry Fey (1938 – April 28, 2013) was an American rock concert promoter from Colorado who was best known for bringing prominent music acts to the United States for the first time.
Early life
Music career
Barry Fey's first concert was Baby Huey and the Babysitters in 1965 at the American Legion Hall in Rockford that made only $92. He went on to promote more shows at his college including The Byrds on July 10, 1965, at the Rockford College Gym in Illinois.
In 1966, Fey booked The Association at the University of Denver, CU Boulder, and the University of Montana which would go on to start Fey's reign in the midwest.
Fey partnered with Chet Helms to open a famed Family Dog venue in Denver Colorado in 1967. The first Family Dog show in Denver was Big Brother and the Holding Company with Blue Cheer September 8, 1967.
On September 24, 1967, Fey promoted the "Love In" concert at City Park in Denver with the Grateful Dead. 30,000 fans packed the park, including Timothy Leary, Ken Kesey, Owsley Stanley, Tim Scully and the rest of the "Merry Pranksters" on the Furthur bus. The show gave Denver a firsthand look into the "psychedelic era" of the 1960s.
Fey booked Jim Morrison and The Doors in October 1967 which would mark the first shows The Doors played outside the state of California. The Denver radio Station KIMN advertised The Doors shows as "Feline, Inc" but mispronounced it and promoted it as "Feyline presents The Doors" which is how Fey's company Feyline was born.
Some of the acts Fey booked at The Family Dog included: The Grateful Dead, Jimi Hendrix, Cream, Janis Joplin & Big Brother and the Holding Company, Blue Cheer, Quicksilver Messenger Service, Buffalo Springfield, Van Morrison, Canned Heat, The Jefferson Airplane, Chuck Berry, Tommy Bolin, Frank Zappa and the Mothers Invention & more.
February 14th, 1968, Barry had Jimi Hendrix play at Regis College Field House in Denver. There were 4,700 tickets sold at 3.00$ a piece. After the show Jimi came to The Family Dog and jammed with a 16 year old Tommy Bolin.
September 1st, 1968, Jimi Hendrix Experience, Vanilla Fudge, The Soft Machine and Heir Apparent headlined Red Rocks Ampitheatre in Morrison, Colorado. The show sold out for 5.00$ a ticket. This was the very first of hundreds of Red Rocks shows Feyline would promote at the historic venue. After the concert Barry and Jimi went back to the Cosmopolitan Hotel in Denver. In Jimi's hotel room he would end up writing the lyrics to "Electric Lady-Land" which eventually went double platinum.
On December 26, 1968, Fey promoted the first Led Zeppelin show in North America, which took place at the Denver Auditorium.
June 28, 29 and 30th 1969, Feyline presented the Denver Pop Festival at Mile High Stadium, which featured the final performance of The Jimi Hendrix Experience along with Frank Zappa, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Iron Butterfly, Joe Cocker, Zephyr and many others. 62,000 people were in attendance over the 3 days.
November 7th, 1969, Barry Fey promoted The Rolling Stones at Colorado State University's Moby Arena.
Feyline promoted George Harrison and Ravi Shankar at the Denver Colliseum in 1974.
In 1976, Fey's company Feyline started his Summer of Stars concert series at Red Rocks Amphitheatre.
For three consecutive years (1978, 1979, 1980), Fey was voted promoter of the year by Billboard magazine.
In 1983, Fey, Chris Blackwell, and U2 produced the U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky concert film.
In 1997, Fey was voted into the Touring Hall of Fame by Performance magazine.
Besides concerts Fey has been credited with saving the bankrupt Denver Symphony, and forming the Colorado Symphony Orchestra. He put them on a pay as you go basis, which allowed the symphony to thrive.
When the historic Paramount Theater in downtown Denver was facing destruction, Fey stepped in, and signed a ten-year contract, saving the building.
In 1991, Fey merged with Universal Concerts, which later bought him out in 1997, after a 30-year career. In an interview with Image magazine they called Fey, "Not only the best promoter in the land, but "A National Treasure."
Feyline promoted Paul McCartney at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado May 26th, 1993.
President Bill Clinton videotaped a message of thanks and congratulations upon Fey's retirement in 1997.
Fey came out of retirement to work alongside executives at House Of Blue Concerts from 2001-2004 before retiring for a final time.
In 2009, Fey began his own radio show called "Behind the Scenes with Barry Fey" on Mile High Sports Radio, 1510 AM that discussed the music business and sports with callers.
On January 1, 2010, his official website titled the "Rockfather" was launched, where he announced that he would be teaching a class "Real History of Rock -n- Roll" at the University of Colorado beginning in February and doing speaking engagements worldwide. He also announced that he was in negotiations to write a tell all book about the music business.
On November 1, 2011, Fey announced the completion of his book "Backstage Past" with forewords written by Ozzy Osbourne, Sharon Osbourne, and Pete Townshend.
Life outside of music
In 1983, Fey cleared the path for Major League Baseball in Denver by teaming up with some of his idols Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Willie Mays to produce an old timers baseball game.
In 1998 Fey's love of Horse Racing culminated with his horse Reraise winning the Breeder's Cup Sprint championship. Many who knew Fey say this may have been the happiest day of his adult life.
Death
In spring of 2013, Fey had hip-replacement surgery and struggled afterwards. Unusually dour in the weeks before his death, of the surgery ordeal, Fey said, "They tell you it's a major surgery, but they don't tell you how hard it's going to be." With his son Geoffry taking care of him after the surgery, Fey had arranged for his other sons to also be near him. Fey committed suicide on Sunday, April 28, 2013, quite literally between a breakfast omelet order with son Geoffry and its delivery.
After his death, Fey was inducted into the Denver & Colorado Tourism Hall of Fame. It is the highest award given by Denver's travel industry, honoring outstanding individuals who have played a significant role in making Denver and Colorado world-class convention and tourism destinations.
In March of 2013, the Westword published a series of tribute stories from former assistant Daniela Stolfi-Tow.
The Barry Fey Foundation was formed "to eradicate suicide in our Colorado entertainment community." The planned 30th anniversary Red Rocks showing of U2's "Under a Blood Red Sky", a foundation fundraiser in conjunction with the Denver Film Society, was cancelled so as not to compete with fundraising efforts for the devastating mid-September Colorado floods. They plan to show the film in 2014 as part of the popular Film on the Rocks series.
Years ago, Fey had made a deal with a former mayor of Morrison, home of the Red Rocks Amphitheatre, to be buried at the residents-only cemetery just below his beloved Red Rocks, but the paperwork was lost and the request denied. The back-up plan was to scatter Fey's ashes at Red Rocks.
References
The Denver Post
Denver Biz Journals
Colorado Westword
External links
Music_promoters
American entertainment industry businesspeople
1938 births
2013 deaths
Suicides in Colorado
2013 suicides
|
17339766
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taumangyang
|
Taumangyang
|
Taumangyang is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
17339786
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawngkaw
|
Tawngkaw
|
Tawngkaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
6906486
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20for%20Yesterday
|
Time for Yesterday
|
Time For Yesterday is a science fiction novel by American writer A. C. Crispin set in the fictional Star Trek Universe. It is a sequel to Crispin's earlier novel, Yesterday's Son, and describes a second encounter between the crew of the USS Enterprise and Spock's son, Zar.
The two books followed the original series episode "All Our Yesterdays", and Time For Yesterday is subtitled The Yesterday Saga, Book 2.
Plot summary
The Guardian of Forever has malfunctioned and is emitting waves of accelerated time that are causing premature star deaths throughout the galaxy. After Spock recalls that his son Zar was once able to communicate telepathically with the Guardian, the Enterprise is placed under the temporary command of Admiral Kirk and detailed to transport a powerful telepath to the Guardian. The telepath manages to partially restore the Guardian's time travel functions but collapses in a comatose state. Using the Guardian, Kirk, Spock, and Dr. McCoy travel into the past of the planet Sarpeidon to find Zar, hoping that his powerful telepathy combined with Vulcan shield training will allow him to successfully restore the Guardian to its normal state.
They find Zar in charge of a small, technologically advanced settlement that is about to engage in a battle with an alliance of less advanced but more numerous enemy clans. His death in the coming battle has been foretold by the priestess Wynn, the daughter of one of the enemy clan chiefs, who declares that the alliance will be denied victory only if "he who is halt walks healed" and "he who is death-struck in battle rises whole." "He who is halt" clearly refers to Zar, who walks with a painful limp because of a leg injury he suffered many years before. In order to increase his city's odds of survival, Zar has Wynn kidnapped and betrothed, forcing her father to change sides. The Enterprise men manage to convince him to come back with them and deal with the Guardian, although he insists that he will return afterward to fight in the battle despite the prophecy.
Zar successfully melds with the Guardian and returns its consciousness to its physical structure, along with a burst of energy that turns out to be several beings of pure energy. The Guardian explains that it abandoned its duties to search for its Creators, who long ago evolved into beings of pure energy and entered another dimension. Its fundamental programming required it to answer their summons and bring them home, and the resource drain connected to the search resulted in its apparent malfunction. The Creators are immensely old and senile, and wish to find their home system to die there; but they have forgotten where it is. The Creators assume the form of people drawn from the memories of the Enterprise men in order to converse with them. While some of the beings act in a benevolent manner, a few seem capricious and cruel, and even completely deranged. Eventually, Kirk and the others manage to convince them that their search would endanger intelligent life throughout the galaxy, and they re-enter another dimension via the Guardian. The Guardian, with the assistance of Zar and Spock, is able to force the remaining, less rational Creators to comply.
McCoy convinces Zar to undergo treatment and physical therapy aboard the Enterprise, healing his limp and giving him a greater chance of survival in the coming battle. Zar achieves peak physical condition and is able to walk normally again, fulfilling the first half of Wynn's prophecy. When he returns to Sarpeidon's past, Spock follows him, intending to help save him in the battle. Spock is unable to prevent the death-blow from landing, although he deflects it slightly, and Zar is unconscious but still alive. In order to fulfill the second half of the prophecy, Spock puts on Zar's armor and shows himself to the army, leading them to believe their leader has risen whole from being "death-struck".
Upon seeing this, most of the remaining clans surrender and Zar's army wins the battle. After ensuring that Zar will survive the blow and leaving him to Wynn's care, Spock returns to the present.
Characters
Mr. Spock
Zar
Captain James T. Kirk
Dr. Leonard McCoy
Wynn
Guardian of Forever
Audio version
The book is available in an audiobook adaptation read by James Doohan and Leonard Nimoy.
Release details
1988, USA, Pocket Books , April 1988, Softcover
Background
Crispin said that of the four Star Trek novels she wrote, Time for Yesterday was the one of which she was most proud, "because it was a prequel to Wrath of Khan, my favorite Trek film. Also, it was fun to write a love story for Zar."
Reception
Ellen Cheeseman-Meyer of Tor.com described the "Yesterday Saga" as "both precious and hilarious."
References
External links
Time For Yesterday at Memory Alpha, the Star Trek wiki
1988 American novels
Novels based on Star Trek: The Original Series
Novels by Ann C. Crispin
|
17339806
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawung
|
Tawung
|
Tawung is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
20477483
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarok%20language
|
Tarok language
|
Tarok is a regionally important Plateau language in the Langtang area of southeast Plateau State, Nigeria, where it serves as a local lingua franca. Blench (2004) estimates around 150,000 speakers.
Names for other languages
As the local lingua franca, the Tarok feature prominently in the local ethnic composition of southeast Plateau State. Many Tarok clans can also trace their ancestries back to Chadic-speaking peoples, pointing to a long history of Chadic peoples assimilating into Tarok society. Some Tarok names for neighbouring languages according to Longtau (2004):
Writing system
References
Tarokoid languages
Languages of Nigeria
|
17339812
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theyaw
|
Theyaw
|
Theyaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
6906505
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Puget%20Sound%20Community%20College
|
South Puget Sound Community College
|
South Puget Sound Community College is a public community college in southwest Olympia, Washington. The college contains and is serving about 5,300 full and part-time students as of the fall 2020 quarter.
The school offers transfer associate degree programs, transition studies program, professional technical programs, and corporate and continuing education programs. As of fall 2020, SPSCC offers 78 degrees and certificates in 30 areas. It also offers short-term study abroad program designed by the Washington State Community College Consortium for Study Abroad (WCCCSA).
In 2021, SPSCC was named among the nations' 150 best community colleges by the Aspen Institute, which is determined by student outcomes in learning, completion rates, employments rates and incomes, and equity.
History
South Puget Sound Community College was established in 1962 as Olympia Vocational Technical Institute (OVTI) located at the old Montgomery Ward Building in downtown Olympia. The Olympia school board had been working since 1957 to widen education opportunity in the Olympia area for adults, originally via classes offered at Olympia High School. By 1966, technical training expanded to 14 fields in respect to Olympia citizens' requests. The Community College Act of 1967 gave the Olympia Vocational Institute the option to either remain with Olympia School District or to merge into the community college system. The school decided to join the community college system, merging into district 12 under the control of Centralia Community College, becoming Olympia Technical Community College (OTCC) in 1976.
By 1982, a few hundred students were first awarded Associate of Arts Degree and more programs were added at the school. In 1984, college was renamed South Puget Sound Community College to reflect its progressive record.
Academics
Transfer Degrees
Many SPSCC students transfer to a 4-year university or college as a college junior after earning an Associate’s Degree with 90 credits at SPSCC. Under the direct transfer agreement (DTA), many Washington State colleges, out-of-state colleges accept DTA degree. In the year 2017-2018, 77% of DTA graduates have transferred to public institutions in Washington states, 11% transferred to out-of-state public institutions, and 10% transferred to other private institutions. Direct transfer degree includes Associate in Arts, Associate in Biology, Associate in Business, Associate in Computer Science, Associate in Music, Associate in Nursing, and Associate in Pre Nursing. In addition to those direct transfer degrees, an Associate in Science degree is also offered.
Transition Studies Program
Transition Studies Program courses includes Adult Basic Education (ABE), Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training program (I-BEST), HS+ (High School+), GED preparation classes, and the English as a Second Language (ESL) program.
Professional Technical Program
The Professional Technical Program offers 20 programs designed for gaining technical skills for future careers or to prepare for a new career. After the completion of the program, students can earn Associate in Applied Science degree or a certification.
Corporate and Continuing Education
The Corporate and Continuing Education program offers classes that are dedicated to specific skills such as consulting, personal training, and start-up training for students to learn and acquire in accordance with their interests.
Student media
A student-led magazine, The Sounds, is provided approximately once a month, throughout the school. The change from newspaper to magazine happened in 2019. The Sounds provides news related to Campus life, Community, Arts & Entertainment, and Op-ed.
Hawks Prairie Campus (Lacey Campus)
A satellite campus (referred to as the Hawks Prairie Campus) was located in the neighboring city of Lacey at the Hawks Prairie center until spring of 2015. It has since been replaced by the new Lacey Campus. As well as the programs offered at the Olympia campus, it also offers for-credit courses, and courses that are oriented to varying quarterly and real-life themes. In addition, Center for Business and Innovation (CB&I), dedicated to promoting Business innovation and growth is located in the Lacey campus.
Athletics
South Puget Sound Community College competes in the Northwest Athletic Conference (NWAC) as the Clippers, fielding a men's and women's soccer team, a women's volleyball team and men's and women's teams for basketball.
In 2021, women's soccer team was introduced to SPSCC by the Clipper Athletics Program.
In 2021, students from Women's Volleyball and Men's Soccer were selected for the Northwest Athletic Conference (NWAC) West Region All-Star Teams.
References
External links
Official website
Community colleges in Washington (state)
Universities and colleges in Olympia, Washington
|
44506319
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Boat%20Race%201954
|
The Boat Race 1954
|
The 100th Boat Race took place on 3 April 1954. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. In a race umpired by former Cambridge rower Kenneth Payne, Oxford won by lengths in a time of 20 minutes 23 seconds, taking the overall record in the competition to 54–45 in Cambridge's favour.
Background
The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues"). First held in 1829, the race takes place on the Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities; it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and, as of 2014, broadcast worldwide. Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1953 race by eight lengths, and led overall with 54 victories to Oxford's 44 (excluding the "dead heat" of 1877).
Cambridge were coached by N. B. M. Clack (who had rowed in the 1952 race), James Crowden (who had represented Cambridge in the 1951 and 1952 races) and R. H. H. Symonds (who had rowed in the 1931 race). Oxford's coaches were Hugh "Jumbo" Edwards (a Blue in 1926 and 1930), W. J. Llewellyn-Jones, J. H. Page and A. D. Rowe (who had represented Oxford in the 1948 and 1949 races). The race was umpired for the fourth time by the former British Olympian Kenneth Payne, who had rowed for Cambridge in the 1932 and 1934 races.
During the build-up to the race, the rowing correspondent for The Times had suggested that "until three weeks ago a Cambridge victory seemed almost certain" but practice rows had proved disappointing. The Oxford crew had been struck down by influenza in training, and had to reshuffle their order a month before the race. Although the new order "seemed weak", they made better progress in training than Cambridge, yet the Light Blues, who were described as "well drilled" but with "erratic timekeeping" nevertheless remained "precarious favourites".
Crews
The Cambridge crew weighed an average of 12 st 9.5 lb (80.3 kg), per rower more than their opponents. The Oxford crew saw two members return to the boat, including the cox W. R. Marsh and their boat club president H. M. C. Quick, who was making his third consecutive appearance. Cambridge's crew contained a single participant with Boat Race experience in their stroke and boat club president J. A. N. Wallis. According to the rowing correspondent for The Times, "perhaps the crews have never been more closely matched". Oxford's crew contained four non-British participants, all of them Australian, in E. V. Vine, J. A. Gobbo, J. G. McLeod and Edward Pain.
Race
Oxford won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station, handing the Middlesex side of the river to Cambridge. In a stiff south-westerly wind, umpire Payne started the race at 12:45 p.m. Oxford made a quick start, and according to the rowing correspondent of The Times "literally leaped away, seemingly to row two strokes almost before Cambridge had begun". By the end of the first minute, the Dark Blues were a few feet ahead but with the bend in the river favouring Cambridge, the crews were level by Craven Steps. Despite a push from Cambridge's stroke M. J. Marshall, the Light Blues could not gain any advantage and both crews passed the Mile Post level.
Although rating slightly lower than their opposition, Oxford made the best of the bend in the river at Harrods Furniture Depository to lead by about a canvas-length by the time they passed below Hammersmith Bridge. A strong headwind faced both crews as they rowed into Chiswick Reach and Cambridge struggled in the rough water in the middle of the river. Oxford, whose cox W. R. Marsh had steered towards the shelter of the Surrey shore, gained a length in half a minute, extending out to almost four lengths by Barnes Bridge. Oxford won by lengths in a time of 20 minutes 23 seconds, for their second victory in eight years.
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Official website
1954 in English sport
1954 in rowing
The Boat Race
April 1954 sports events in the United Kingdom
1954 sports events in London
|
17339815
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20Bomb%20%282006%20film%29
|
Time Bomb (2006 film)
|
Time Bomb is a 2006 television film starring David Arquette and Angela Bassett, by CBS Television.
Plot
During a football game in Washington, D.C., a terrorist makes a bomb threat to the DHS, stating that a bomb is in a stadium. Meanwhile, the family of DHS agent Mike Bookman (Arquette), are taken hostage. This brings out issues of suspect and trust amongst colleagues as the terrorist is suspected to be amongst them.
Cast
David Arquette as Mike Bookman
Angela Bassett as Jill Greco
Richard T. Jones as Douglas Campbell
Sabine Karsenti as Deanne Mitchell
Tara Rosling as Lynn Bookman
Simon Reynolds as Richard Zawadski
Gianpaolo Venuta as Agent Brian Goodman
Carlo Rota as Musab Hyatti
Fajer Al-Kaisi as Al-Fatwa
Lynne Adams as FBI Agent Lawton
Devon Goyo as Sean Bookman
Jayne Heitmeyer as Audio Tech Marin
Carlo Rota as Musab Hyatti
References
External links
2006 television films
2006 films
Canadian thriller television films
2006 thriller drama films
American war drama films
American psychological thriller films
Films directed by Stephen Gyllenhaal
2006 psychological thriller films
CBS network films
American thriller drama films
Canadian thriller drama films
English-language Canadian films
Canadian psychological thriller films
2006 drama films
American thriller television films
2000s American films
2000s Canadian films
|
17339823
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa%20G%C3%B3mez
|
María Gómez
|
María Gómez may refer to:
María Cristina Gómez (1942–1989), Baptist primary school teacher and community leader in El Salvador who was abducted and murdered
María Gómez (handballer) (born 1984), Paraguayan team handball player
María Gómez (weightlifter) (born 1975), Mexican weightlifter
|
44506320
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20edulis
|
Pseudonoorda edulis
|
Pseudonoorda edulis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Koen V. N. Maes and René Noël Poligui in 2012. It is found in Cameroon, Gabon and Ivory Coast.
The larvae feed on Dacryodes edulis.
References
Moths described in 2012
Odontiinae
|
6906510
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raid%20%28band%29
|
Raid (band)
|
Raid were a Tennessee based straight edge hardcore punk band that formed after the break-up of the hardcore band One Way. Raid were a part of the Hardline subculture, which combined the tenets of straight edge (a no drugs, no alcohol lifestyle) with militant veganism and environmentalism.
History
Along with the Californian band Vegan Reich and the English band, Statement, Raid helped pioneer the vegan straight edge movement and the hardline lifestyle and ideology.
Their lyrics strongly expressed of their stance against drugs, alcohol, abortion, sexism and racism, and for animal liberation and radical ecology. Their output started as fairly conventional hardcore punk, which gradually evolved to incorporate elements of heavy metal and they effectively became spokesmen for the Hardline movement.
In 1989, they self-released a demo tape and this led to a seven-inch EP called Words of War a year later through Vegan Reich's own label, Hardline Records. The band split as they moved away from the straight edge lifestyle, but not before recording one last session. The recordings were released by Hardline Records as the posthumous Above The Law LP and CD in 1994. This was later re-released in 1995 by Victory Records as the Hands Off the Animals CD.
Members
Steve Lovett – vocals
Jason VanAuken – guitars
Chad Cathy – guitars
Mark Whitlock – bass
Steve Capehart – drums
Discography
Albums
Above the Law (1992)
EPs
Demo (1989)
Words of War (1989)
Hands off the Animals (1995)
See also
Hardline (subculture)
Animal rights and punk subculture
References
External links
Interview at Scribd
Hardcore punk groups from Tennessee
American metalcore musical groups
Straight edge groups
Victory Records artists
|
44506327
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20faroensis
|
Pseudonoorda faroensis
|
Pseudonoorda faroensis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Koen V. N. Maes in 2012. It is found in Cameroon.
References
Moths described in 2012
Odontiinae
|
44506339
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonoorda%20flammea
|
Pseudonoorda flammea
|
Pseudonoorda flammea is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Koen V. N. Maes in 2012. It is found in Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Bas Congo).
References
Moths described in 2012
Odontiinae
|
6906525
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toula%2C%20Zgharta
|
Toula, Zgharta
|
Toula () is a small village in North Lebanon in Zgharta District (or Quadaa). It is above sea level and is primarily a recreational village. Descendants of the original full-time residents of Toula do not reside in Toula during the winter months. Heavy snow fall typically makes Toula's mountainous roads inaccessible. However, Toula's original families occupied the village on a year-round basis. Settling families and early residents developed a climatic tolerance and adapted to Toula's harsh winter months.
Demographics
Toula has an estimated approximate population of 1,000. The last national census was conducted in 1932.
At the beginning of the 20th century, similar to other Lebanese towns and cities, these village residents emigrated to different locations around the world. Significant numbers have emigrated to the United States of America, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Brazil and other countries. A distinctive percentage of current village residents have achieved secondary education and professional school levels. [cite pending] Census reports indicated that a high proportion of these residents hold professional degrees in medicine, law, engineering and education. Additionally, numerous business entrepreneurs are village residents.
Economy
Toula's topography has earned the village a country-wide reputation for its productive fertile soil. Fertile soil and climatic conditions together, produce high quality agricultural products. Representative products are tomatoes, cucumbers, apples, pears, apricots, and grapes. Residents also produce an alcoholic beverage made from high grade varieties of grapes and anise. The alcoholic distilled beverage Arak is produced primarily for use by residents. The aniseed-flavored Arak is the national, cultural drink of Lebanon.
Religion
The village population consists almost exclusively of Lebanese Maronite Catholics, who staunchly preserve their Maronite heritage founded under St. Charbel of Lebanon.
The patron saint of Toula is known as Saint Assia (مار أسيا) . Toulanians build a church in its honor in the middle of the village.
The village is popular for its Saint Assia annual summer festival, held the last Sunday of September. The Saint Assia summer festival is celebrated with an outdoor party, where Arak, Lebanese cultural dancing, tolling the St. Assia Church bell and cultural cuisine, Hrissi, are a part of the festivities.
See also
Arbet Kozhaya
External links
Toula - Aslout, Localiban
Toula Museum of Australia Inc.
Toula Blog
on Zgharta.com
Photos of Toula
Ehden Family Tree
Zgharta District
Populated places in the North Governorate
Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon
|
17339824
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emi
|
Emi
|
is a feminine Japanese given name and is occasionally used as a surname.
Possible writings
Emi can be written using different kanji characters and can mean:
as a given name
, "blessing, beauty"
, "picture, beauty"
, "reflect, look"
, "reflect, beauty"
, "smile"
, "prosperous, beauty"
, "blessing, not yet"
, "blessing, fruit"
, "wisdom, beauty"
The given name can also be written in hiragana or katakana.
as a surname
, "bay, look"
, "bay, beauty"
People with the name
, US based Japanese visual artist, emi-arts.com
, Japanese hurdler
, Japanese singer
, Japanese comedian and stage actress
, Japanese urban music singer-songwriter
, Japanese softball player
, Japanese politician
, Japanese skier
, Japanese gravure idol
, Japanese actress
Emi Lo (born 1991), non-binary Taiwanese-Chinese-American voice actor
, Japanese javelin thrower
, Japanese drummer
, a Japanese voice actress
, a Japanese professional wrestler
, Japanese women's footballer
, Japanese voice actress and singer
, a Japanese ice hockey player
, Japanese curler
, Japanese voice actress
, Chinese-Japanese actress and fashion model
, Japanese singer
, a Japanese voice actress
, Japanese costume designer
, Japanese actress
, Japanese figure skater
, Japanese women's footballer
Fictional characters
, a character in the Tenjho Tenge series
, a character in the visual novel Katawa Shoujo
Emi Yusa, a character in the anime and manga The Devil is a Part-Timer!
Emi Igawa, a character in the anime and manga Your Lie In April
Emi Toshiba, a background character in Konami's Dance Dance Revolution dance game series
See also
Mimasaka-Emi Station, a train station in Mimasaka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
Magical Star Magical Emi, a magical girl anime series
Japanese feminine given names
|
17339828
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingram
|
Tingram
|
Tingram is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
44506345
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipul%20Chettri
|
Bipul Chettri
|
Bipul Chettri is a singer/songwriter who sings in the Nepali language and plays Himalayan folk music with a contemporary touch. His debut album, Sketches of Darjeeling, was released in July 2014 and his follow-up album, Maya in 2016 and six singles 'Basant', 'Gahiro Gahiro', 'Ashish', 'Teesta', 'Mughlan' and Neela Akash in the following years. His latest EP, 'Samaya' was released in 2021.
Early life
Bipul's grandfather was a poet and his grandmother used to play the sitar. His father picked up his parents' talent and used to perform in Darjeeling and Kurseong but passed away when Bipul was very young. Bipul credits his father for his inclination towards music and his choice of becoming a musician.
One of the tracks, "Ram Sailee", from his debut album, is an ode to his father.
Bipul attended St. Augustine's School in Kalimpong, Darjeeling where he was a regular performer as a student and subsequently picked up the western classical guitar as his primary instrument and graduated with a LTCL (Licentiate of Trinity College, London) in Western Classical Guitar from the Trinity Music School of London.
Musical career
Bipul's voice and musical abilities were introduced to the world with his song "Wildfire (Dadelo)". It was recorded and uploaded on SoundCloud in February 2013. This laid the foundation for his debut album Sketches of Darjeeling.
His debut album Sketches of Darjeeling was well received. He was the 'Top Selling Artist for 2014-15, and was in the Top Ten for 2015-16, on OKListen.Com, an indie retail music site in India. He won the 'Pop-Rock Album of the Year' for 'Sketches of Darjeeling', 'Best Pop-Rock Composition of the Year' & 'Best Male Pop Vocal Performance of the Year for his song "Syndicate" at the Hero Hits FM 91.2 Awards.
He released his follow-up album, Maya in 2016 and followed it up with six more singles 'Basant', 'Gahiro Gahiro', 'Ashish', 'Teesta', 'Mughlan' and Neela Akash and his latest EP, 'Samaya' released in 2021.
Discography
Sketches of Darjeeling (2014)
Maya (2016)
Basant (Single - 2017)
Gahiro Gahiro (Single - 2018)
Teesta (Single - 2019)
Mughlan (Single - 2019)
Aashish (Single - 2019)
Neela Akash (Single - 2020)
Samaya (2021)
References
External links
Chettri's Website
Indian male singers
Indian folk musicians
People from Kalimpong district
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Nepali-language singers
Indian Gorkhas
|
26718944
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20ATP%20World%20Tour%20Masters%201000
|
2010 ATP World Tour Masters 1000
|
The twenty-first edition of the ATP Masters Series. The champion of each Masters event is awarded a 1,000 rankings points.
Tournaments
Results
Tournament details
Indian Wells Masters
Singles
Doubles
Miami Open
Singles
Doubles
Monte-Carlo Masters
Singles
Doubles
Italian Open
Singles
Doubles
Madrid Open
Singles
Doubles
Canadian Open
Singles
Doubles
Cincinnati Masters
Singles
Doubles
Shanghai Masters
Singles
Doubles
Paris Masters
Singles
Doubles
References
External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) official website
ATP Tour Masters 1000
|
17339838
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsawlang
|
Tsawlang
|
Tsawlang is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
17339843
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Tate
|
Phil Tate
|
John Philip Tate (28 April 1922 – 9 December 2005) was an English dance bandleader.
Born in Bramley, Leeds, Yorkshire, England, Tate played violin from the age of eight, and was later an autodidact on clarinet and saxophone. He formed his own group, the Five Quavers, while in high school, and played in the RAF Silver Wings Dance Orchestra during World War II. The ensemble proved so cohesive that all twelve of its members decided to continue playing together after the war, under the name Phil Tate & His Orchestra, taking a residency at Leas Cliff Hall in Folkestone. Their instrumentation was unusual, featuring five saxes and three flutes. After appearing in the 1951 film Green Grow the Rushes, they took their next residency at the Hammersmith Palais and signed to Oriole Records.
Tate's orchestra played at the Hammersmith for a full decade, then moved to the Ilford Palais. Tate hosted the BBC show Non-Stop-Pop, where he interviewed The Beatles on 30 July 1963. On radio, he was best known for his 144 appearances in Music While You Work. In 1964, his orchestra took up at the Locarno Ballroom in Streatham; the next year they appeared on the BBC program Music Through Midnight. Tate's most longstanding association came in 1965, when he became musical director for the Miss World Pageant. He disbanded his orchestra in 1967, and ran Mecca Agencies in addition to his duties with Miss World, where he remained until his retirement in 1992.
He served as director of the Music Users' Council from 1992 to 2000, after which he retired.
Tate died on 9 December 2005, at the age of 83.
References
1922 births
2005 deaths
English bandleaders
English pop musicians
People from Bramley, Leeds
Musicians from Leeds
|
6906542
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abi%20Ofarim
|
Abi Ofarim
|
Abi Ofarim, born Avraham Reichstadt (; October 5, 1937 – May 4, 2018) was an Israeli musician and dancer. He is better known for his work in the 1960s as half of the duo Esther & Abi Ofarim with his then-wife Esther Ofarim.
Life and career
Early life
Abi Ofarim was born Avraham Reichstadt in Safed, Galilee, in what was then the British mandate of Palestine on October 5, 1937. Upon Israel's independence in 1948, he attended ballet school and made his stage debut in Haifa in 1952. By the age of 17, he was arranging his own choreography, and by 18 had his own dance studio. He was then recruited to serve in the Israeli army during the Suez crisis and the Sinai war.
Esther & Abi Ofarim
In December 1958, Reichstadt married Esther Zaied. He achieved international fame performing with her as a musical duo Esther & Abi Ofarim in the 1960s, playing the guitar and singing backing vocals. The couple relocated to Geneva, then eventually to Germany. In 1966, they had their first hit in Germany with "Noch einen Tanz". Their greatest success in Germany came the next year with "Morning of my Life", written by the Bee Gees. In 1968, "Cinderella Rockefella" hit the top of the charts in a number of countries including the UK. The duo played live concerts in New York City and London, and they toured Europe before separating in 1969.
Solo career
Abi Ofarim continued performing and recording in Europe. He also worked as a manager, composer, and arranger. In 1970, Ofarim launched his own record production and music publishing company Prom Music. He also worked with Liberty/United Artists Records in Munich. In 1972, he released an album with British singer Tom Winter. In 1975, Ofarim left Prom, selling his interest to ex-partner Yehuda Zwick.
His book, Der Preis der wilden Jahre ("The Price of the Wild Years") was first published in 1982. That year, Ofarim released the album Much Too Much on RCA Records in Germany. He released an album, Too Much Of Something, in 2009.
Beginning in April 2014, Ofarim ran a "Jugendzentrum für Senioren" ("Youth Center for Elderly People") in Munich, a social project against poverty and solitude of the elderly, together with his organization "Kinder von Gestern e. V." ("Children of Yesterday").
Personal life
Relationships and children
Ofarim married Esther Ofarim (née Zaied) on December 11, 1958. After their divorce in 1970, he accused her of "egotism and snobbery." He dated German singer Susan Avilés and actress Iris Berben, before remarrying twice. His third marriage was to Sandra (Sandy) Reichstadt, who he divorced in 2004. Their sons, Gil Ofarim and Tal Ofarim, are also musicians. Gil Ofarim is the front man of the band Zoo Army.
Drug addiction and legal issues
After his divorce from Esther Ofarim, Abi Ofarim developed a cocaine and alcohol addiction. In 1979, he was arrested for possession of narcotics and tax evasion. He spent a month in prison and a year on probation.
Health issues and death
In 2017, Abi Ofarim developed pneumonia. He made a recovery and was able to return to his home in Munich to celebrate his 80th birthday in October 2017.
Ofarim died aged 80 in Munich after a long illness on May 4, 2018.
Discography
Albums
1972: Ofarim & Winter – Ofarim & Winter (CBS)
1982: Much Too Much (RCA)
2009: Too Much Of Something (Sony Music Entertainment Germany)
Singles
1964: "Shake, Shake (Wenn Ich Dich Nicht Hätte)" (Philips)
1971: "Zeit Ist Geld" (Warner Bros. Records)
1973: Ofarim & Winter – "Slow Motion Man" (CBS)
1973: Ofarim And Winter – "Take Me Up To Heaven" (CBS)
1973: Ofarim & Winter – "Speak To Me" (CBS)
1973: Ofarim & Winter – "Why Red" (CBS)
1982: "Mama, O Mama" (RCA)
1982: "Heartaches" (RCA)
1989: Abi Ofarim & Sima – "In The Morning Of My Life" (Polydor)
2007: "Mama, Oh Mama" (White Records)
Esther & Abi Ofarim
References
External links
1937 births
2018 deaths
Mandatory Palestine people
20th-century Israeli male singers
German-language singers
Israeli male dancers
Israeli expatriates in Germany
Israeli military personnel
Israeli guitarists
RCA Records artists
Sony Music artists
Philips Records artists
Warner Records artists
Polydor Records artists
CBS Records artists
People from Safed
|
6906550
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSFT
|
KSFT
|
KSFT may refer to:
KSFT-FM, a radio station (107.1 FM) licensed to South Sioux City, Nebraska, United States
KESJ, a radio station (1550 AM) licensed to St. Joseph, Missouri, United States, which held the call sign KSFT from March 1989 to August 2009
|
26719040
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annemund
|
Annemund
|
Saint Annemund, also known as Annemundus, Aunemundus, Ennemond and Chamond, was an archbishop of the Archdiocese of Lyon. Annemund was a councillor of Clovis II and a friend of Wilfrid of York. The year of his death is variously given as either 657 or 658. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.
Biography
Ennemond Dauphin (Dalfinus) succeeded Viventius as bishop of Lyon between 652 and 654 during the reign of Clovis II.
His father, Sigon, was a prefect in Lyon, while his brother, Dalfin, was Count of Lyons. Late hagiographic texts say his was a Gallo-Roman family, although his name is of German origin, more common in the Burgundian late 5th century. These same texts record that Dauphin's brother was prefect of Gaul. The accounts of his contemporaries Eddius Stephanus (in) and the Venerable Bede however, make no mention of his brother.
Annemund was a councillor of Clovis II and a friend of Wilfrid. Tradition attributes to him the evangelization of the Saint-Chamond area (Castellum Sancti Admundi), whose church still contains one of his relics.
He was the victim of a plot by the mayor of the palace, Ebroin. According to Bede (Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum v.19), this occurred at the order of Queen Balthild. Having been unable to attend a gathering of Frankish officials at Orleans, he was slandered as a traitor to the king. Summoned to court, he was beheaded on September 29, 658 near Chalon-sur-Saône by parties affiliated with Ebroin. His body was brought back to Lyon and is in the Saint-Nizier Church. Genesius succeeded him as Bishop.
Legacy
Ennemond is also revered in Bellegarde-en-Forez and Champdieu. He gave his name to the town of Saint-Ennemond in Allier and Saint-Chamond in the Loire area. One of his relics is preserved in the Church of Saint-Ennemond, Saint-Étienne.
He is enrolled in the Roman martyrology and his feast day is celebrated on 28 September.
It is said that it was Ennemond who first conceived the idea of calling the faithful to church by ringing church bells. Similarly, when his body was returned to Lyon, all churches would have started ringing their bells.
A statue in the Saint-Ennemond church Saint-Étienne is in episcopal robes, holding a codex of the Bible.
References
658 deaths
7th-century Frankish bishops
Archbishops of Lyon
7th-century Christian saints
Year of birth unknown
7th-century archbishops
Medieval Lyon
Year of birth uncertain
|
17339846
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonma
|
Tsonma
|
Tsonma is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
17339854
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumpyaw
|
Tumpyaw
|
Tumpyaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
44506354
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tighnabruaich%2C%20Indooroopilly
|
Tighnabruaich, Indooroopilly
|
Tighnabruaich is a heritage-listed villa at 203 Clarence Road, Indooroopilly, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built around 1889. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.
History
Tighnabruaich is situated in central Indooroopilly, overlooking the Brisbane River. The house was constructed around 1889 as the home of Henry Charles Stanley, the Chief Engineer for Railways in Queensland. It was designed by his own brother, Francis Drummond Greville Stanley, the former Queensland Colonial Architect. The name of the property evoked the village of the same name, in the Kyles of Bute, in Scotland where the brothers were born. The view of Chelmer, across the Brisbane, could occasionally be reminiscent of the other narrow waterway, its steep banks with lush vegetation and its steam-ferry traffic.
The undeveloped estate
The land on which Tighnabruaich is situated was once known as Portion 46, Parish of Indooroopilly. It was originally a 42-acre block with a frontage on the Brisbane River and was first sold, at government auction, on 27 September 1859. The original purchaser was James Henderson, but there is little evidence to suggest that Henderson either farmed, or otherwise developed, this land. In April 1873, the portion was transferred to Louis Stamm, a German-born Brisbane businessman who had pursued a wide-ranging career in Queensland since 1855. Stamm was variously a merchant, a newspaper proprietor and a brewery owner.
Despite having been surveyed into farm allotments in 1858, prior to the original auction, central Indooroopilly did not attract agricultural settlement to the same extent as the surrounding river pockets: Fig Tree Pocket, Long Pocket and Indooroopilly Pocket, now known as St Lucia. The area was steeply ridged, covered in dense scrub and its steep river banks did not provide ready access to river transport, the principal means of communication and trade with Brisbane and Ipswich in the mid-19th century. Much of central Indooroopilly remained undeveloped and isolated until the arrival of the Brisbane to Ipswich Railway into the district, in the mid-1870s.
The impetus of the railway
By October 1873 the Queensland government had determined that the Brisbane to Ipswich railway would cross the Brisbane River at
Indooroopilly. The rail corridor would pass through portion 46 and a railway station would be established on part of this portion. In that month a road – Station Road or Indooroopilly Station Road – was surveyed from Moggill Road to the site of the proposed Indooroopilly Railway Station. The segmentation of portion 46 was formalized on a survey plan dated March 1875. The railway corridor and the new road were transferred to the Queensland government the same year. Louis Stamm retained the remainder of portion 46 on 3 subdivisions.
Another government road was duly built, along the eastern boundary of portion 46, and was named Musgrave Rd. Later, this would be renamed Clarence Rd. and would become the main access road for the new house of Tighnabruaich. In April 1875, the government decided to survey and connect this Musgrave Rd. (Clarence Rd.) to the road to Long Pocket, now Indooroopilly Rd. This connecting road was originally called the Indooroopilly Rd., but is now Lambert Rd. In June 1877, an extension westward of this new road was surveyed, cutting through portion 46, to connect the new settlements in the east of the district to Indooroopilly railway station.
Indooroopilly railway station was opened, under that name, in 1875 and it was soon followed by the first railway bridge across the Brisbane River at
Indooroopilly, in 1876. This provided a considerable impetus for closer residential settlement in the suburb and a small township developed
around the railway station. By the late 1880s, this included a hotel, several shops and a carpenter. In the last quarter of the 19th century a number of fine villas were built along the banks of the Brisbane River, within reasonable proximity to the railway station.
The Stanley brothers
At some period prior to June 1891, Louis Stamm sold re-subdivision 3, of subdivision 1, to Henry Stanley. This was a block of nearly 9 acres, bounded by the railway line to the west, the Brisbane River to the south, Musgrave Road – Clarence Road – to the east and Indooroopilly Station Road – Lambert Road – to the north. This was the plot on which the house known as Tighnabruaich would be built.
Henry Charles Stanley was born in Edinburgh in 1840. He studied engineering at Edinburgh University and subsequently worked as an engineer in Scotland before emigrating in the early 1860s to Queensland where he was employed as an assistant engineer on the construction of the colony's first railway, between Ipswich and Toowoomba. He was then employed as a railway engineer by the Queensland Government from 1 January 1866 and was appointed Chief Engineer for Railways in 1872. He held this position for nearly three decades, until 1901. Before his new house was built, Henry Stanley
lived in the Toowong district, at Ascog in Church Street.
Francis Drummond Greville Stanley was Henry's elder brother and the designer of the house. Francis was born in Edinburgh in 1839 and trained in Scotland as an architect. He emigrated to Brisbane in 1862 and practised privately before gaining employment with the Queensland government in the office of the Colonial Architect, Charles Tiffin, in 1863. Following Tiffin's retirement, Francis Stanley was himself appointed Colonial Architect, from 1 January 1872. He held the position until 1881, but throughout his period of government employment he accepted a number of private commissions. He also continued in private practice in Brisbane, Maryborough and Toowoomba after he left the public service. Stanley was a prolific architect and his work is found throughout Queensland.
If house-design was the speciality of the elder brother, then bridge-building was becoming the speciality of the younger brother. Tighnabruaich's river-frontage overlooked the railway that brought H.C. Stanley to the area, and the Albert Bridge that did so much to assist the development of the district. However, within three years of his taking up residence in the area, that bridge was washed away, in the 1893 Brisbane Floods. It must have given Henry Stanley enormous personal satisfaction to design the replacement bridge and, having done so, to be able to inspect his own bridge each day from his own home, itself a Stanley construction. In 1901, Stanley moved away, with his family, to the district of Hamilton.
The grand residence
Francis Stanley's design for Tighnabruaich was a decorative, two-storeyed timber residence with a single-storeyed timber wing and basement. The roof built with a number of steeply pitched gables and dormer windows, a feature popular in other domestic-scaled Gothic revival buildings, and was clad originally with timber shingles. It is thought that the house was erected around 1889, since Henry Stanley is first recorded as being a resident of Indooroopilly in the postal directories of 1890.
The estate was conceived as having the villa set in a park landscape and so, about the time that Tighnabruaich was being built, the rest of the property was cleared of vegetation, with the exception of a few specimen Eucalypt trees. These were later augmented with some Ficus specimens. A typical late 19th century garden was established in the immediate vicinity of the house and the park design was completed with the planting of an avenue of trees along a circular carriageway that connected the property to Musgrave Road, the later Clarence Road.
In 1891, Henry Stanley entered into a curious financial arrangement with New South Wales grazier Solomon Wiseman, who held title to Tighnabruaich from June that year and who took out a substantial mortgage on the property from the Queensland Investment and Land Mortgage Company. The memorandum of transfer associated with this transaction also records that Stanley had purchased the land from Stamm for £3,100. Wiseman later subdivided the property and four subdivisions fronting Clarence Road were sold around 1900. A Lambert Road subdivision was sold around 1904. Following Wiseman's death in late 1901 the property became the responsibility of trustees. At this time, with the owners of the house, the Stanleys, having left and with Wiseman, the landowner, having died, Tighnabruaich was used briefly as a boarding house for the Bowen House boys' school, located in Ann Street.
The Hemming family
On 6 February 1904, the house was sold to Herbert Brealey Hemming, for the sum of £2200. It was sold with 8 acres, 1 rood and 7.2 perches of land: the total of subdivisions 1-2 and 8-14. Hemming was a leading solicitor in the State of Queensland, an eponymous partner in the distinguished Brisbane legal-practice of Wilson, Newman Wilson and Hemming. He lived at Tighnabruaich, with his family, until around 1915 or 1916. During this period, tennis parties were regular feature of life at Tighnabruaich.
At this time there was also a move to put the large grounds were put to some commercial use. Dairy cattle were grazed on part of the land and part of the basement of the house was given over to a milking-parlour and dairy.
However, as the family grew up, even the house exceeded requirements and they moved out of the main house, to Witton House, newly located on the estate. From around 1915 or 1916, the main house was leased to Mrs Emma McGill, who operated it as a boarding house for a decade, until the mid-1920s. The house then appears to have remained vacant for nearly two decades, from that period onwards until the military requisitioned it for use during the Second World War. There is a suggestion that Tighnabruaich served as a private hospital in the late 1930s, under a Dr. Underwood, but details of this period are sketchy.
An article written for The Queenslander in 1932 described various elements of the grounds of Tighnabruaich, including: some "fine old gum trees" in the cow paddock adjacent to the railway line; entrance gates to Clarence Street giving access to a drive lined by Camphor Laurels; a tennis court to the south east of the drive; hedging, steps to the lower grounds, accessed through a creeper-clad archway; and some "fine Jacarandas and other flowering trees".
Witton House
Mr. Hemming's impressive property portfolio included another house, Witton Manor, which was also located in Indooroopilly, though further
upstream. The grounds of Witton Manor became, for many years, the junior school of St Joseph's College but are now the site of Ambrose Treacy College.
Between 1916 and 1919, Witton Manor was moved – the detail of the not-inconsiderable enterprise is sadly missing – from its original site and onto the extensive grounds of Tighnabruaich. It was positioned in the south west corner of the park, facing the river, and was renamed Witton House. Hemming himself then resided at Witton House from at least 1919 until around 1938. Witton House was eventually demolished in 1967.
Following Hemming's death on 8 March 1942, the Tighnabruaich properties were administered by Queensland Trustees Limited on behalf of the Hemming estate.
The Second World War
From about October 1942, the property was requisitioned for use by the military. Tighnabruaich became the main base of a joint United States-Australian intelligence unit: the Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS), associated with the Combined Services Detailed Interrogation Centre. These units directed the handling of captured Japanese prisoners and documents. During the war many huts and tents were assembled on the grounds for use by American soldiers; brick cell blocks were constructed in the center of the property, north west of the main house, to accommodate Japanese prisoners of war being held for interrogation; two interrogation rooms were erected to the immediate east of the main house; an Orderly's Office was established on the north west side of the main driveway off Clarence Road; a translation room was erected on the tennis court; Witton House functioned as the Sergeants' Mess; and Tighnabruaich was partitioned for office accommodation. The roof of the eastern verandah of Tighnabruaich was removed during this period. ATIS vacated Tighnabruaich about July 1945.
Postwar transition
Toward the end of the war, the Australian Army decided to hold on to Tighnabruaich: the property was transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia on 13 June 1945.
From mid-1945 until July 1946 it functioned as an Australian Women's Army Service barracks. During this period, the main house was used as an officers' mess and Witton House accommodated the non-commissioned officers. The Other Ranks occupied the huts and tents in the grounds.
From 1946 to 1949, the property was used solely for administrative buildings.
In 1949, the main house was converted into two flats to accommodate senior Army officers. At this time, the original eastern verandah was removed to allow for the installation of a staircase to the upstairs flat.
By July 1951 the translators' room had been removed from the tennis court and in 1955 a small timber tennis shed or storeroom was erected adjacent to the court.
From 1951, the estate was divided into separate elements: the main house, and other establishments set up in the grounds. The main house was restored to single occupancy, as a general's residence. Within the grounds stood two separate barracks: Witton Barracks and Indooroopilly Barracks.
Commander's residence
From January 1951 until mid-1998 Tighnabruaich, the main house of the old estate, served as the home of the General of Command, Northern Command, Australian Army, and later: Commander, 1st Division. After 1957, major works were carried out on Tighnabruaich, to restore it to being a prestige residence: suitable as a family home for the general and his dependents, but suitable also for the entertaining of guests, as required of senior army officers. From this period, many of the alterations made between 1942 and the 1950s were replaced with original or reconstructed fabric. A carport was added to the house in 1958 and in 1962 a lavatory was installed on the ground floor, under the main staircase. The outside staircase to the former upstairs flat was removed in 1966 and the eastern verandah was reconstructed. Between January 1951 and March 1998, some 20 generals took up residence in Tighnabruaich, together with their families. During this period a tradition was established, whereby each family planted a tree on the property.
Private house
In 1998, the site was formally subdivided by the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth retained the grounds of the property, but Tighnabruaich house, on a reduced 1.19 hectare plot, was sold freehold to private owners. The grounds associated with Tighnabruaich house retain the river frontage, the early circular carriageway and the mature trees lining this drive, plus the tennis court and the trees planted by the generals resident since 1951. Any military evidence of the Army's presence on this site has since been removed. Tighnabruaich is currently occupied as a private home.
Description
The house of Tighnabruaich occupies a block of 1.19 hectares in central Indooroopilly. The property has frontages to the Brisbane River and to Clarence Road and access to the house is via a circular driveway leading from Clarence Road. The house is a timber-framed building set on brick piers. It is positioned overlooking the river to the south.
The house is asymmetric in both plan and elevation. The main part of the residence is two-storeyed, with a single-storey, 'L'-shaped wing on the western side. The fall of the land towards the river provides space for a brick basement under the single-storeyed section. The whole has a corrugated iron clad roof comprising a series of gables and dormer windows. Single-storey verandahs are found on the northern and southern elevations of the building and along the entire length of the eastern elevation.
The principal point of entry to the building is in the north elevation, where an elaborate covered porch provides shelter for
the main entrance. This consists of a six-panelled cedar door with semi-circular fanlight and sidelights.
Generally the interior of the house has plaster ceilings, timber boarded floors and very fine stained-cedar joinery. The stud walls are clad with chamferboard externally and lath and plaster internally. Most doorways have operable fanlights above.
The ground floor contains a number of large public rooms with bay windows and French doors, arranged around a
central stair hall. An entrance vestibule with a tessellated tiled floor leads to the stair hall through an arched opening filled with a carved timber screen. Plaster archways provide access to the major rooms on the ground floor and these rooms have plaster ceiling roses and deep plaster cornices.
The central stairway is an open well with a half-turn timber flight with landings and has very fine cedar joinery including turned balusters, prominent newel posts and spandrel panelling.
The upper floor of Tighnabruaich has a number of smaller rooms, again opening off the central stair hall and off halls radiating from this. Some of the upper floor rooms have partially raked ceilings of plasterboard, following the line of the roof trusses.
The grounds include large areas of lawn to the north of the house, the early carriageway lined with mature trees and a tennis court to the east of the drive. At the southern end of the site the ground slopes steeply to the river, the bank being heavily vegetated.
Heritage listing
Tighnabruaich was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria:
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history
Tighnabruaich is a large, two-storeyed timber residence constructed around 1889 for Henry Stanley, Chief Engineer for Railways in Queensland, to a design by his brother, the former Colonial Architect Francis Stanley. The place is important in demonstrating the pattern of growth of Brisbane, specifically at Indooroopilly, where middle-class suburban residential development was attracted to the district after the opening of the Indooroopilly Railway Station, in 1875. As one of a group of substantial, late 1880s residences constructed in Brisbane, Tighnabruaich also contributes to our understanding of the nature of the Queensland economic "boom" of this period. The property is also significant for its military associations, initially with the work of a Section of the Allied Intelligence Bureau during World War II and then, during the second half of the 20th century, as the showcase residence of the officers commanding the Australian Army in Queensland.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places
The house in its garden setting remains comparatively intact and a good example of a well-designed 19th century middle-class villa. It is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its class, including planning, use of materials, decorative detailing, riverside location and the retention and layout of the grounds, including the early carriageway, tennis court and plantings. The building is a fine example of the mature domestic work of F.D.G. Stanley and contributes to the body of knowledge about the work of this prolific and influential Queensland architect.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance
The building has aesthetic value as a well-composed, picturesque residence influenced by Gothic revival architecture popular during the second half of the 19th century. It contributes to the townscape of Indooroopilly and is a landmark along the Brisbane-Ipswich railway.
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history
Tighnabruaich has a special association with the Australian Army, as the residence of the generals commanding the Army in Queensland for close to half a century; trees planted by the resident generals remain as evidence of that association.
References
Attribution
Further reading
External links
— 1932 newspaper article on Tignabruaich by Florence Eliza Lord
images:
Photograph album of views of "Witton Manor" and the Indooroopilly area, [ca. 1880-ca. 1907]; UQ eSpace Witton Manor
Queensland Heritage Register
Indooroopilly, Queensland
Houses in Queensland
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
Francis Drummond Greville Stanley buildings
|
17339855
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjuman
|
Anjuman
|
Anjum, Anjom, Anjuman or Anjoman, meaning a gathering or society, may refer to:
Organisations
Anjoman-e Okhovat, a Freemason-like mystical society rooted in Sufism in Iran
Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam, an Islamic intellectual and political organisation based in Lahore, Pakistan
Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala, defunct Islamic organisation based in British Bengal
Anjuman Khudam-ul-Quran, a Muslim educational organisation on the Indian subcontinent
Anjuman (Parsis), the Parsi–Zoroastrian associations that have the authority to manage a Tower of Silence in India
Anjuman Sunnat-ul-Jamaat Association, a Muslim organisation of Trinidad and Tobago
Anjuman Taraqqi-i-Urdu, an organisation for the promotion of Urdu language, Urdu literature and Indian Muslim cultural heritage
Anjuvannam, a medieval merchant guild of West Asian traders (Jews, Syrian Christians, and Muslims) in south India and South East Asia
Deendar Anjuman, an Islamic organization based in Hyderabad, India
Aḥmadiyyah Anjuman-i Ishāʿat-i Islām Lahore, a branch, sect, or faction of the Ahmadiyyah Movement that emerged after a schismatic split occurred around 1914.
People
Anjuman (actress) (born 1955), Pakistani actress
Nadia Anjuman (1980–2005), Afghan poet and journalist
Anjuman Shehzadi (1977–2011), Pakistani stage and film actress
Places
Anjuman Pass, a mountain pass in Afghanistan
Anjuman Valley, a valley in Afghanistan
Anjuman (stream), a stream through that valley
Anjuman, Afghanistan, a village in Afghanistan
Anjuman-i-Khurd, another village in Afghanistan
Anjoman, Iran, a village in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran
Anjoman-e Olya, a village in Zanjan Province, Iran
Anjoman-e Sofla, a village in Zanjan Province, Iran
Films
Anjuman (1970 film), a 1970 Pakistani Urdu film starring Waheed Murad and Rani
Anjuman (2013 film), a 2013 Pakistani Urdu film starring Imran Abbas Naqvi and Sara Loren
Anjuman (1986 film), a Hindi film directed by Muzaffar Ali starring Shabana Azmi and Farooq Shaikh
|
6906551
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Celtiberian%20War
|
First Celtiberian War
|
The First Celtiberian (181–179 BC) was the first of three major rebellions by the Celtiberians against the Roman presence in Hispania. The other two were the Second Celtiberian War (154–151 BC) and the Numantine War (143–133 BC). Hispania was the name the Romans gave to the Iberian Peninsula. The peninsula was inhabited by various ethnic groups and numerous tribes. The Celtiberians were a confederation of five tribes, which lived in a large area of east central Hispania, to the west of Hispania Citerior. The eastern part of their territory shared a stretch of the border of this Roman province. The Celtiberian tribes were the Pellendones, the Arevaci, the Lusones, the Titti and the Belli.
The Romans took over the territories of the Carthaginians in southern Hispania when they defeated them at the Battle of Ilipa in 206 BC during the Second Punic War (218–201 BC). After the war they remained and in 197 BC they established two Roman colonies: Hispania Citerior (Nearer Spain) along most of the east coast, an area roughly corresponding to the modern autonomous communities of Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia, and Hispania Ulterior (Further Spain) in the south, roughly corresponding to modern Andalusia. There were numerous rebellions by many tribes of Hispania, including tribes both inside and outside Roman territory, in most years for a period of 98 years, until the end of the First Celtiberian War in 179 BC. For details of these rebellions see the Roman conquest of Hispania article.
The First Celtiberian War (181–179 BC)
The siege of Aebura (Carpetania) (181 BC)
The praetors Publius Manlius and Quintus Fulvius Flaccus were given military command for Hispania Ulterior and Citerior respectively in 182 BC and this was extended to 181 BC. They received reinforcements of 3,000 Roman and 6,000 allied infantry and 200 Roman and 300 allied cavalry. The Celtiberians gathered 35,000 men. Livy wrote: ‘hardly ever before had they raised so large a force’. Quintus Fulvius Flaccus drew as many auxiliary troops from the friendly tribes as he could, but his numbers were inferior. He went to Carpetania (in south central Hispania, to the south Celtiberia) and encamped near Aebura (Talavera de la Reina, in western part of the modern province of Toledo; it was at the edge of the territory of the Vettones). He sent a small detachment to occupy the town. A few days later the Celtiberians encamped at the foot of a hill two miles from the Romans. The praetor sent his brother, Marcus Fulvius, with two squadrons of native cavalry for reconnaissance with instructions to get as close to the enemy rampart as possible to get an idea of the size of the camp. If enemy's cavalry spotted him he was to withdraw. For a few days nothing happened. Then the Celtiberian army drew up midway between the two camps, but the Romans did not respond. For four days, this continued. After this both sides withdrew to their camps. Both cavalries went out on patrol and collected wood at the rear of their camps without interfering with each other.
When the praetor thought that the enemy would not expect action, he sent Lucius Acilius to go around the hill behind the enemy camp with a contingent of troops of Latin allies and 6,000 native auxiliaries with orders to assault the camp. They marched at night to elude detection. At dawn Lucius Acilius sent Gaius Scribonius, the commander of the allies, to the enemy rampart with his cavalry. When the Celtiberians saw them they sent out their cavalry and signaled their infantry to advance. Gaius Scribonius turned round and made for the Roman camp as per instructions. When Quintus Fulvius Flaccus thought that the Celtiberians were sufficiently drawn away from their camp he advanced with his army, which had been drawn up in three separate corps behind the rampart. Meanwhile, the cavalry on the hill charged down, as instructed, on the enemy camp, which had no more than 5,000 guarding it. The camp was taken with little resistance. Acilius set fire to that part of it which could be seen from the battlefield. Word spread through the Celtiberian line that the camp was lost, throwing them into indecision. They then resumed the fight, as it was their only hope. The Celtiberian centre was hard pressed by the Fifth Legion. However, they advanced against the Roman left flank, which had native auxiliaries, and would have overrun it had the Seventh Legion not come to its aid. The troops which were at Aebura turned up and, as Acilius was at the enemy's rear, the Celtiberians were sandwiched and cut to pieces; 23,000 died and 4,700 were captured. On the other side, 200 Romans, 800 allies and 2,400 native auxiliaries fell. Aebura was seized.
Flaccus campaigns in Celtiberia (180–179 BC)
Quintus Fulvius Flaccus then marched across Carpetania and went to Contrebia. The townsfolk sent for Celtiberian assistance, but it did not come and they surrendered. The Celtiberians had been delayed by incessant winter rain which caused floods and made the roads impassable and the rivers difficult to cross. Heavy storms forced Flaccus to move his army into the city. When the rain stopped the Celtiberians went on the march without knowing about the city's surrender. They saw no Roman camp and thought that it had been moved elsewhere or that the Romans had withdrawn. They approached the city without taking precautions and without proper formation. The Romans made a sortie from the two city gates. Caught by surprise the Celtiberians were routed. Not being in formation made resistance impossible, but it helped the majority to escape. Still, 12,000 men died and 5,000 men and 400 horses were captured. The fugitives bumped into another body of Celtiberians on its way to Contrebia which, on being told about the defeat, dispersed. Quintus Fulvius marched through Celtiberian territory, ravaged the countryside and stormed many forts until the Celtiberians surrendered.
In 180 BC the praetor Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus was assigned the command of Hispania Citerior and the conduct of the war with the Celtiberians. Around this time, messengers arrived in Rome, bringing news of the Celtiberian surrender. They then told the senate that there was no need to send subsidies for the army, as Hispania Citerior was now able to sustain itself, and requested that Flaccus be allowed to bring back his army. Livy wrote that this was a must because the soldiers were determined to go back home and it seemed impossible to keep them in Hispania any longer, to the point where they might mutiny if not withdrawn. Tiberius Gracchus objected to this because he did not want to lose the veterans. A compromise was reached: Gracchus was ordered to levy two legions (5,200 infantry but only 400 cavalry instead of the usual 600) and an additional 1,000 infantry and 50 cavalry plus 7,000 Latin infantry and 300 cavalry (a total of 13,200 infantry and 750 cavalry); meanwhile, Flaccus was allowed to bring back home veterans who had been sent to Hispania before 186 BC, while those who arrived after that date were to remain. He could bring back any excess over Gracchus' assigned force of 14,000 infantry and 600 cavalry.
Since his successor was late, Flaccus started a third campaign against the Celtiberians who had not surrendered, ravaging the more distant parts of Celtiberia. The Celtiberians responded by secretly gathering an army to strike at the Manlian Pass, through which the Romans would have needed to pass. However, Gracchus told his colleague, Lucius Postumius, to inform Flaccus that he had nearly arrived from Rome, and that Flaccus was to bring his army to Tarraco (Tarragona), where Gracchus would disband the old army and incorporate the new troops. In the wake of this news, Flaccus abandoned his campaign and withdrew from Celtiberia. The Celtiberians thought that Flaccus was fleeing because he had become aware of their rebellion and continued to prepare their trap at the Manlian Pass. When the Romans entered the pass they were attacked on both sides. Quintus Fulvius ordered his men to hold their ground. The pack animals and the baggage were piled up in one place. The battle was desperate. The native auxiliaries could not hold their ground against men who were armed in the same way but were a better class of soldiers. Seeing that their regular order of battle was no match for the Roman legions, the Celtiberians bore down on them in wedge formation and almost broke their line. Flaccus ordered the Legion's cavalry to close ranks and charge the enemy wedge with loose reins, breaking the wedge and throwing the enemy into disarray. The apparent success of the tactic inspired the native auxiliary cavalry to also let their horses loose on the enemy. The enemy, now routed, scattered through the whole defile. The Celtiberians lost 17,000 men; 4,000 men and 600 horses were captured; 472 Romans, 1,019 Latin allies and 3,000 native auxiliaries died. The Romans encamped outside the pass and marched to Tarraco the next day. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus had landed two days earlier. The two commanders selected the soldiers who were to be discharged and those who were to remain. Flaccus returned to Rome with his veterans and Gracchus went to Celtiberia.
In his account of this war, Appian wrote that the rebellion was by the tribes which lived along the River Iberus (the Greek name for the Ebro), including the Lusones (a small Celtiberian tribe in the north of Celtiberia, in the high Tajuña River valley, northeast of Guadalajara). He held that the rebellion was caused by the tribes having insufficient land. Whether this was the actual cause of the war is uncertain. He wrote that Quintus Fulvius defeated these tribes. Most of them scattered but those which were destitute and nomadic fled to Complega, a newly built and fortified city which had grown rapidly. They sent messengers who demanded that Flaccus compensate them with a sagos (a Celtic word for cloak), a horse and a sword for every man who was killed in the battle and that the Romans leave Hispania or suffer the consequences. Flaccus said that he would give them plenty of cloaks, followed the messengers and encamped in front of the city. The inhabitants, feeling intimidated, fled and plundered the fields of the neighbouring tribes along their way.
Gracchus and Albinus campaigns in the Celtiberia (179 BC)
In 179 BC, Gracchus and Lucius Postumius Albinus, who was in charge of the other Roman province (Hispania Ulterior), had their commands extended. They were reinforced with 3,000 Roman and 5,000 Latin infantry and 300 Roman and 400 Latin cavalry. They planned a joint operation. Albinus, whose province had been quiet, was to march against the Vaccaei (a people who lived to the east of Celtiberia) via eastern Lusitania and return to Celtiberia if there was a greater war there, while Gracchus was to head into the furthest part of Celtiberia. He first took the city of Munda by storm with an unexpected attack at night. He took hostages, left a garrison and burned the countryside until he reached the powerful town which the Celtiberians called Certima. A delegation from the town arrived while he was preparing the siege machines. They did not disguise the fact that they would fight to the end if they had the strength, as they asked to be allowed to go to the Celtiberian camp at Alce to ask for help. If this was rejected they would consult among themselves. Gracchus gave them permission. After a few days they returned with ten other envoys. They asked for something to drink. Then they asked for a second cup. Livy wrote that this caused 'laughter at such uncultured ignorance of all etiquette’. Then the oldest man said that they had been sent to enquire what the Romans relied on to attack them. Gracchus replied that he relied on an excellent army and invited them to see it for themselves. He ordered the entire army to march in review under arms. The envoys left and discouraged their people from sending aid to the besieged city. The townsfolk surrendered. An indemnity was imposed on them and they had to give forty young nobles to serve in the Roman army as a pledge of loyalty.
After Certima, Tiberius Gracchus went to Alce, where the Celtiberian camp the envoys had come from was. For a few days he just harassed the enemy by sending larger and larger contingents of skirmishers against their outposts, hoping to draw the enemy out. When the enemy responded he ordered the native auxiliaries to offer only slight resistance and then retreat hastily to the camp, pretending that they had been overwhelmed. He placed his men behind the gates of the rampant of the camp. When the enemy pursued the retreating units in a disorderly manner and came to close range, the Romans came out from all the gates. Caught by surprise, the enemy was routed and lost 9,000 men and 320 men and 112 horses where captured; 109 Romans fell. Gracchus then marched further into Celtiberia, which he plundered. The tribes submitted. In a few days 103 towns surrendered. He then returned to Alce and begun to besiege the city. The townsfolk resisted the first assaults, but when the siege engines were deployed they withdrew to the citadel and then sent envoys to offer their surrender. Many nobles were taken, including the two sons and the daughter of Thurru, a Celtiberian chief. According to Livy he was by far the most powerful man in Hispania. Thurru asked for safe conduct to visit Tiberius Gracchus. He asked him whether he and his family would be allowed to live. When Gracchus replied affirmatively he asked if he was allowed to serve with the Romans. Gracchus granted this. From then on Thurru followed and helped the Romans in many places.
Ergavica, another powerful Celtiberian city, was alarmed about the defeats of its neighbours and opened its gates to the Romans. Livy noted that some of his sources held that these surrenders were in bad faith because whenever Gracchus left hostilities resumed and there was also a major battle near Mons Chaunus (probably Moncayo Massif), which lasted from dawn to midday with many casualties on both sides. His sources also claimed that three days later there was a bigger battle which cost the defeated Celtiberians 22,000 casualties and the capture of 300 men and 300 horses, a decisive defeat which ended the war in earnest. Livy also noted that according to these sources Lucius Postumius Albinus won a great battle against the Vaccaei, killing 35,000. Livy thought that ‘it would be nearer the truth to say that he arrived in his province too late in the summer to undertake a campaign’. Livy did not give any explanation for his doubts about this information about Lucius Postumius Albinus. He did not write anything about his campaigns on his own authority either. However, in an earlier passage, Livy wrote that he arrived in Hispania before Tiberius Gracchus, who gave him a message with instructions for his predecessor, Quintus Fulvius Flaccus.
Appian wrote about two more episodes about the campaign of Tiberius Gracchus. He wrote that the city of Caravis (Magallon, in north-western Aragon), an ally of Rome, was besieged by 20,000 Celtiberians. Gracchus was informed that it would fall soon. He hurried there, but he could not alert them that he was nearby. The commander of the cavalry, Cominius, had the idea of wearing a Hispanic sagum (a military cloak), mingling in the enemy camp and making his way to the town. He informed the townsfolk that Gracchus was nearby and told them to hold out a bit longer. Three days later Gracchus attacked the besiegers, who fled. At about the same time, the people of the town of Complega (location unknown) which, had 20,000 inhabitants, went to Gracchus’ camp pretending to be peace negotiators. They attacked unexpectedly, throwing the Romans into disarray. Gracchus quickly abandoned the camp in a feigned retreat, and then turned on them while they were plundering the camp, killing most of them. He went on to seize Complega. He then allocated land to the poor and made carefully defined treaties with the surrounding tribes and the surrounding country, binding them to be friends of Rome.
Gracchus founded the colony (settlement) of Gracchurris (Alfaro, in La Rioja, northern Hispania) in the Upper Ebro Valley. This marked the beginning of Roman influence in northern Hispania. It was thought that this was the only colony he founded. However, in the 1950s an inscription was found near Mangibar, on the banks of the River Baetis (Guadalquivir) which attests that he founded another one. It was Iliturgi, a mining town and a frontier outpost. Gracchus therefore established a colony outside his province as it was in Hispania Ulterior.
Aftermath
Appian wrote that Gracchus' ‘treaties were longed for in subsequent wars’. Unlike previous praetors he spent time negotiating and cultivating personal relations with tribal leaders. This was reminiscent of the friendly relations established by Scipio Africanus during the Second Punic War. Gracchus imposed the vicensima, the requisition of 5% of the grain harvest, a form of tax which was more efficient and less vulnerable to abuse than the usual Roman practice of delegating tax collection to private ‘tax farmers.’ Silva notes this is the first reference to a regulatory collection of revenue. His treaties stipulated that the allies were to provide the Romans with auxiliary troops. They also established that the natives could fortify existing cities, but not found new ones. There is some evidence that he introduced civilian administrative measures, such as the issuing of rights for mining to mint coins and the construction of roads. Gracchus is remembered for his administrative arrangements which ensured peace in the conquered territory for the next quarter of a century.
Apart from a few minor episodes, Hispania remained quiet until the outbreak of the Lusitanian War (155–150 BC) and the Second Celtiberian War (154–151 BC).
Notes
References
Primary sources
Appian, Roman History, The Foreign Wars, Book 6, The Wars in Spain, Loeb Classical Library, Vol I, Books 1-8.1., Loeb, 1989;
Livy, History of Rome from Its Foundation: Rome and the Mediterranean (Books 31–45), Penguin Classics, Reprint edition, 1976;
Secondary sources in English
Curchin, L.A. Romans Spain:Conquest and Assimilation, Routledge, 1991; 978-0415023658
Richardson, J.S., Hispaniae, Spain and the Development of Roman Imperialism,218-82 BC, Cambridge University Press, 2008;
Richardson, J.S., The Romans in Spain, John Wiley & Sons; Reprint edition, 1998;
Silva, L., Viriathus and the Lusitanian Resistance to Rome, Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley, 2013;
Wars involving Spain
180s BC conflicts
170s BC conflicts
2nd century BC in the Roman Republic
Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
181 BC
180 BC
179 BC
2nd century BC in Hispania
|
17339862
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunhpaung
|
Tunhpaung
|
Tunhpaung is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
6906564
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Harrison
|
Michael Harrison
|
Michael, Mike or Mick Harrison may refer to:
Michael Harrison (musician), American composer, pianist and creator of the “harmonic piano,” an extensively modified seven-foot grand piano
Mike Harrison (musician) (1945–2018), English musician, singer with Spooky Tooth
Mike Harrison (album), 1971
Michael A. Harrison, American computer scientist, pioneer in formal languages
Michael Allen Harrison, American New Age musician, songwriter and pianist
Michael Harrison (politician) (born 1958), member of the Tennessee House of Representatives
M. John Harrison (born 1945), British author of science fiction, fantasy and literary fiction
Michael R. Harrison (born 1943), director of pediatric surgery at UCSF
Michael Harrison (writer) (1907–1991), English detective fiction and fantasy author
Michael Harrison, early pseudonym for Sunset Carson, American actor
Mike Harrison (footballer, born 1940) (1940–2019), English footballer
Mike Harrison (footballer, born 1952), English footballer
Mike Harrison (rugby union) (born 1956), English rugby union player
Mick Harrison (rugby league), English rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s
Michael Harrison (cricketer) (born 1978), English cricketer
Michael Harrison (lawyer) (1823–1895), Irish lawyer and judge, Solicitor-General for Ireland
Mick Harrison (comic books), pseudonym of Randy Stradley
J. Michael Harrison (born 1944), American researcher in operations research
Mike Harrison (bishop) (born 1963), Church of England bishop
Michael Harrison (announcer), soldier and BBC radio presenter
Michael S. Harrison, American police officer
|
44506355
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf%20J%C3%A4hnichen
|
Rolf Jähnichen
|
Rolf Jähnichen (born in Helmsdorf on 11 May 1939) is a retired German politician.
Between 1994 and 1999 he was a member of the Regional Assembly in Saxony. Between 1990 and 1998 he served as Saxony's Agriculture minister, with the Environment added to his portfolio in 1998. He retired from his political career in 1999.
Life
Jähnichen, a Roman Catholic, was born a few months before the outbreak of war in a small town in the mining region known sometimes as "Saxon Switzerland" near the frontier with Czechoslovakia. He attended secondary school in Grimma and Leipzig before moving on to study Agriculture at Leipzig between 1957 and 1963. He concluded his studies with agricultural economics, obtaining a doctorate in the subject.
From 1964 till 1970 he was employed by the Leipzig district council in the Agriculture department (where he was responsible for mining). After that, between 1970 and 1990 he was production director and deputy chairman of the Neukirchen Agriculture Co-operative at Borna.
Politics
Rolf Jähnichen joined the Christian Democratic Union (East Germany) in 1981. (Unlike its west German counterpart, the East German CDU, as part of the country's National Front alliance was effectively controlled by the country's ruling SED party.) Between 1984 and 1989 Jähnichen was a member of the local council in his hometown of Zedtlitz, on the edge of Leipzig. Between 1989 and 1990 he was a member of the CDU party executive.
The fall of the Berlin wall in November was the first of a series of events that by August 1990 had led to the end of East Germany as a stand-alone state and the reunification of Germany. During this period, between May and November 1990, Jähnichen served as the first freely elected council leader ("Landrat") in Borna district. Between February 1990 and September 1994 he served as district chairman of the CDU (the eastern and western pieces of which reunited in October 1990).
In October 1994 he was elected to the Saxony regional assembly (Landtag), representing a Leipzig district. He continued to sit as a member of the Landtag till the 2009 when he decided not to seek re-election in the September election. From 2000 he was also a member and chairman of his party's regional Senior Citizens' Committee.
Ministerial office
Between 1990 and 1998 Rolf Jähnichen served as regional Secretary of State for Food, Forests and Agriculture. Following a reconfiguration in 1998 he became Secreatary of State for the Environment and Agriculture. He was succeeded in 1999 by Steffen Flath.
References
1939 births
Living people
People from Stolpen
German Roman Catholics
Christian Democratic Union (East Germany) politicians
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
Ministers of the Saxony State Government
Members of the Landtag of Saxony
|
44506360
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horbach%20%28surname%29
|
Horbach (surname)
|
Horbach is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Andrey Horbach (born 1985), Belarusian footballer
Eugene Horbach (1926–2004), American real estate developer
Lance Horbach (born 1958), American politician
Maksim Horbach (born 1983), Belarusian footballer
|
6906571
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodorovskaya%20Church
|
Fyodorovskaya Church
|
The Fyodorovskaya Church (Фёдоровская церковь) is a penticupolar parish Russian Orthodox church built by ordinary parishioners on the right bank of the Kotorosl River in Yaroslavl between 1682 and 1687. It is dedicated to Theotokos Feodorovskaya, a miraculous icon from nearby Kostroma.
The building is notable as the first church in the region to be returned by the Soviets to the Russian Orthodox Church (in 1987). It served as the cathedral church of the ancient Yaroslavl-Rostov eparchy until the restored Dormition Cathedral was consecrated in 2010. During this period the relics of St. Theodore the Black and other local saints were kept there.
History
A parish chronicle from the 18th century survives. It indicates that it was the Mother of God who appeared to a paralyzed parishioner, Ivan, and commanded the building of a church in Her name. Ivan was instructed to sail down the Volga to Kostroma and ask Guriy Nikitin, a famous icon painter, to make a replica of the miraculous icon of the Theotokos. This new image eventually helped cure Ivan, among many others.
The parishioners decided to model the new church on that of the Ascension of Christ. Its exterior ornamentation is basic but proportions are graceful. The elongated drums and domes are considerably higher than the cuboid structure of the church that supports them. An enclosed gallery and a porch were added to the main cube in the first third of the 18th century.
The interior is of traditional design. It has four piers and is entirely covered in frescoes dating from 1716. The intricately carved icon screen was made in 1705. Some of the icons are noted for their complex calendar and cosmological codes.
The church compound is fenced and has a smaller church with a belfry on the north side. This single-dome Penskaya church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, a patron saint of merchants. There is also a baptistery of recent construction on the grounds.
References
Russian Orthodox churches in Yaroslavl
Russian Orthodox cathedrals in Russia
Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1687
Eastern Orthodox church buildings dedicated to Theotokos
1687 establishments in Russia
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Yaroslavl Oblast
|
44506367
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20C.%20Wiseman
|
Eric C. Wiseman
|
Eric C. Wiseman (born 1955) is a businessman in the apparel industry.
Wiseman was president, chief executive officer and chairman of the board (since 2008) of VF Corporation, replaced by Steve Rendle as CEO on January 1, 2017 while remaining as chairman. He is on the board of directors of Lowe's Companies Inc., CIGNA Corporation, and the Retail Industry Leaders Association (RILA).
Wiseman has a Bachelor's Degree in business and an MBA from Wake Forest University. He is married to Susan Wiseman.
Together with his wife Wiseman donated $1m to expand the 23,000 sq. ft. SciQuarium at the Greensboro Science Center, which "marks the single largest private gift to the center in the history of the 57-year-old organization."
References
American businesspeople
Living people
1955 births
|
44506374
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dak%20Seang%20Camp
|
Dak Seang Camp
|
Dak Seang Camp (also known as Dak Seang Special Forces Camp) is a former US Army and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) base northwest of Kon Tum in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.
History
The 5th Special Forces Group and CIDG forces first established a base at here in 1964 to monitor communist infiltration along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The base was located 10 km from the Laotian border, 23 km northwest of Đắk Tô and approximately 64 km northwest of Kon Tum.
5th Special Forces Detachment A-245 was based here in October 1966.
On 18 August 1968 the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) 101D Regiment, supported by artillery attacked the camp. The attack was beaten back with small arms and artillery fire.
On 1 April 1970 the PAVN attacked the camp starting a siege that lasted until 8 May. At the same time the PAVN attacked the Dak Pek Camp. On 15 April 1970 the 170th Assault Helicopter Company dropped the 3rd Battalion, 42nd ARVN Regiment into a landing zone near Dak Seang, resulting in the loss of two helicopters. Sergeant Gary B. Beikirch a 5th Special Forces Group medic would be awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the siege. SFC Gary L. Littrell would be awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the siege as an advisor to the ARVN 23rd Battalion, 2nd Ranger Group.
On 29 October 1972, following a 1,000+ round artillery barrage, the PAVN attacked the camp forcing its 300 Ranger defenders to abandon it by nightfall.
Shootdowns
2 April 1970: C-7A Caribou #61-2406 was shot down while dropping supplies, killing all three crew
4 April 1970: C-7B Caribou #62-4180 was shot down while dropping supplies, killing all three crew
6 April 1970: C-7B Caribou #63-9746 was shot down while dropping supplies, killing all three crew
15 April 1970: UH-1H #68-16203 was shot down while landing ARVN troops, resulting in two US and two ARVN killed
15 April 1970: HH-3E #66-13280 of the 37th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron was shot down while trying to rescue the crew of UH-1H #68-16203, resulting in one crewman killed
Current use
The base has been turned over to forest and housing adjacent to the Ho Chi Minh Highway.
References
Installations of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam
Installations of the United States Army in South Vietnam
Buildings and structures in Kon Tum province
|
17339863
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram%20route%203%20%28Antwerp%29
|
Tram route 3 (Antwerp)
|
The Antwerp premetro tram route 3 is a tram route connecting Merksem with Melsele in the city of Antwerp. The route is operated by the Flemish transport company De Lijn and historically also by its Antwerp predecessor, MIVA (Maatschappij Intercommunaal Vervoer Antwerpen).
History
Tram 3 is one of the oldest tram lines in Antwerp. The original electric tram route 3 was opened on October 9, 1902 on the Groenplaats - Antwerp South station (Zuidstatie) trajectory. A year later, the route was already extended from the Groenplaats to Antwerp Central Station (Middenstatie). In 1904, the route was once again extended, this time from Antwerp Central Station to the (now demolished) Schijnpoort gate in the Seefhoek neighborhood, via the Carnotstraat, Kerkstraat and Pothoekstraat. In 1906, works start on a third extension, from Schijnpoort to Oude Bareel in Merksem via the Bredabaan, and were finished later that year. Trams servicing the whole route until Oude Bareel used a mixed white/yellow rollsign, while those stopping at Schijnpoort used plain yellow signs.
In 1936, the trajectory of route 4 (Hoboken -Groenplaats) is coupled to route 3 at the request of the Antwerp city council, as a means to decongest the Groenplaats. After the Second World War, however, route 4 is restored in its original state, and route 3 once again runs between Antwerp South Station and Oude Bareel, with route 3 bis having its terminal at the Suikerrui near the Grote Markt.
On March 20, 1962, the first PCC cars are introduced on the route. In 1965, due to the construction of the Antwerp Ring road and the demolition of old Antwerp South Station, the route shortened to the nearby Lambermontplaats. In 1968, the old turning loop at the Raoul Grégroireplein is replaced by a new one at the Van Der Delftstraat at the Schijnpoort/Sportpaleis terminus. On October 5, 1970, route 3 is the last tram route in Antwerp to switch to a one-man steering system. At the same time, the tram cars were fitted with an automatic ticketing system. However, some conductors could still be seen on the trams in the following years, as some of the former conductors were unfit for the supplementary training to be employed elsewhere.
In 1972, works begins on the Antwerp premetro with the construction of a central axis between the Groenplaats and Antwerp Central Station. Due to these works, route 3 is shortened to the Grote Markt, where a temporary turning loop has been built. Also, a temporary shuttle tram route between the Groenplaats and Lambermontplaats is put into service during the works. As of 1973, route 3 no longer used its old trajectory over the Schoenmarkt, Meir and Keyserlei between the Groenplaats and Antwerp Central Station, as these streets were inaccessible due to the premetro works. Instead, the route used a more northern trajectory via the Gemeentestraat, Rooseveldtplaats, Lange Nieuwstraat and Kipdorp toward a new terminus at the Melkmarkt. In 1978, after the finishing of the premetro works, the shuttle route between the Lambermontplaats and Groenplaats is added to route 8, and route 3 is shortened to the Groenplaats.
Also, in 1975, works start on the Bredabaan on the construction of a separate tram lane between Oude Bareel and the Frans de l'Arbrelaan. Initially, it was planned that the buses of the NMVB, which operated the regional network, would also use this separate lane, which led to an increased with as the tram lane to offer the buses the necessary space. However, in 1978, the NMVB decided not to use the central tram lane, and to continue to use the old stops on the exterior lane. The bus routes on the Bredabaan would only much later use the tram stops on the central lane.
In 1994, work officially starts to finish the northern premetro axis running between Antwerp Central Station and the Sportpaleis. During the last weekend of March in 1996, traffic on the route is suspended to allow for the construction of the premetro entrance at the Gabriel Theunisbrug over the Albert Canal. On April 1, 1996, the northern premetro axis is officially opened and put into use by tram route 3, which can now use the underground trajectory instead of its original itinerary over the Pothoekstraat and Kerkstraat. From Astrid station near Antwerp Central Station, the route would use the central premetro axis toward the Groenplaats. Because of the construction of the metro tunnel link with Linkeroever some years earlier, the route was at the same time extended to the Linkeroever terminus, where a new platform was built to accommodate the line.
On February 16, 2002, route 3 was extended from Linkeroever to the Zwijndrecht-Melsele border, a 4,3 km trajectory, where a P+R facility was built. On September 1, 2002, the route was once again extended, this time on a 1,6 km trajectory toward the newly built Keizershoek P+R in Merksem.
Colour
This line's colour on maps is black text on a yellow background.
Route
(40 min, ) via Bredabaan (Merksem) - Frans de l'Arbrelaan - Burgemeester Gabriël Theunisbrug - premetro Northern branch (stations Sport, Schijnpoort, Handel, Elisabeth, Astrid) - premetro Western branch (stations Opera, Meir, Groenplaats, Van Eeden) - Blancefloerlaan - Verbrandendijk - Dorp Oost - (park) - Dorp West - Beversebaan - Park&Ridezone Melsele Kruispunt.
Rolling stock
Most trams on route 3 are of the newer HermeLijn type. The older PCC cars can only sporadically be seen on the route when an event at the Sportpaleis is taking place and extra capacity is needed to transport all the visitors.
Future
During the construction works concerning the elevation of the Gabriel Theunis bridge over the Albert Canal, tram traffic between Merksem and the Sportpaleis will not be possible. The elevation of the bridge to a height of is necessary to allow bigger ships on the canal, as a part of a general program to increase the share of water transport and lower that of road cargo transport in the congested Antwerp region. Works were originally planned to start in 2014, but due to delays only started in April 2019. Planning is now for the bridge to be delivered in April 2021.
In the distant future, the line might be extended to Beveren (to the west) and Brasschaat (to the north). However, the extension to Brasschaat in particular has been subject to considerable controversy, as fears exist among inhabitants that the town might lose it distinct atmosphere, and become too urbanized after the construction of a tramway. Concrete plans for the extension have been prepared, but, as many citizens and local politicians have ousted themselves against the construction of the tramway, including mayor Jan Jambon, its construction in the near future seems highly unlikely.
See also
List of town tramway systems in Belgium
References
External links
www.delijn.be, the operator of all public city transport in Antwerp and Flanders.
Tram transport in Belgium
3
|
17339871
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valao
|
Valao
|
Valao is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
44506380
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadu%20Iravil
|
Nadu Iravil
|
Nadu Iravil () is a 1970 Indian Tamil-language crime thriller film, directed and produced by S. Balachander. The film's story was written by him and dialogue was written by Ve. Laxmanan, who also composed the music. It is based on Agatha Christie's 1939 novel And Then There Were None.
Plot
Dhayanandam is a rich man who takes care of his wife Ponni, they have no children. Dr. Saravanan was the close friend of Dhayanandam, he tells about his blood cancer and he dies in 20 days. All Dhayanandam's assets are going in vain. Dr. Saravanan gives an idea, to call all his relations and they have come. Unfortunately, they are murdered one by one in the night. All are terrified. The suspicion on the murderer shifts onto Dr. Saravanan only for it to be revealed that the real murderer is Dhayanandam's handicapped brother.
Cast
Major Sundarrajan as Dhayanandam
Pandari Bai as Ponni (Dhayanandam's wife)
S. Balachander as Dr. Saravanan
Sowcar Janaki as Ragini
Cho Ramaswamy as Servar Mose
V. Gopalakrishnan as Ranga Rajan, (Somanathan's Son-in-law/Leela's husband)
V. R. Thilagam as Leela (Ranga Rajan's wife)
M. S. S. Pakkiyam as Neelamegham's wife
E. R. Sahadevan as Neelamegham
K. Vijayan as Aravindhan (Vadivambal elder son)
V. S. Raghavan as Jambulingam (Dhayanandam's younger brother / blind man)
Sadhan as Kalyam (Aravindan's younger brother)
Kottappuli Jayaraman as Joseph (Dhayanandam's house servant)
Maali alias Mahalingam (Mohanambal's son)
S.N.Lakshmi as Vadivambal (Dhayanandam's sister)
C. V. V. Banthulu as Somanathan
Kalpana as Anu Radha (Neelamegham's daughter)
S. R. Janaki as Mohanambal (Dhayanandam's sister in law)
Ramanujam as Mottaiyan
Saroja as Pankajam (Mottaiyan's daughter)
Production
After the success of Bommai (1964), S. Balachander launched a film named Nadu Iravil the same year. It was based on the 1939 novel And Then There Were None, by the British writer Agatha Christie. Unlike the novel, it features the characters in an urban house rather than being stranded on an island, but "dutifully follows the same idea of each one dying, with the assets of the deceased out for the taking".
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by S. Balachander, while the lyrics for the songs were written by Ve. Laxmanan.
Release and reception
Though Balachander completed the film in 1964–1965, no distributor was willing to buy it, prompting him to distribute the film himself. Nadu Iravil was eventually released in 1970 and became a major success, prompting several distributors who earlier rejected the film, to return and beg Balachander for distributing it. The Indian Express wrote, "The movie succeeds as a very good entertainer entirely due to the directorial work of S. Balachander and Reddi's camera".
References
External links
1970 films
1970s crime thriller films
1970s Tamil-language films
Films based on And Then There Were None
Films based on British novels
Films directed by S. Balachander
Indian black-and-white films
Indian crime thriller films
|
17339873
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow%20Bird%20%28company%29
|
Yellow Bird (company)
|
Yellow Bird is a Swedish film and television production company. In 2003 Danish producer Ole Søndberg and Swedish author Henning Mankell started a collaboration on a series of television films based on Mankell’s famous fictional detective Kurt Wallander and Yellow Bird was born. The success of the initial Wallander films was followed by Stieg Larsson’s Millennium trilogy, Jo Nesbø’s Headhunters, Liza Marklund’s Annika Bengtzon series as well as the British version of Wallander starring Kenneth Branagh.
Yellow Bird was sold to media conglomerate Zodiak Media in 2007.
Productions
Tjuvarnas jul - Trollkarlens hemlighet
In this feature film adventure, with characters from the popular advent calendar "Tjuvarnas jul", the foundling Charlie meets a mysterious wizard at the carnival. He reveals to her a world of magic and entertainment. The leading roles are played by Tea Stjärne, Gustaf Hammarsten and Elisabet Carlsson. Gustaf Skarsgård plays the role of the Wizzard.
Shooting occurred during autumn/winter 2013 with the premiere in autumn 2014.
Echoes from the Dead
A feature film released in 2013 and based on the debut novel by Johan Theorin. Its premise: Can you ever come to terms with a missing child? Julia Davidsson has not. Her five-year-old son disappeared twenty years ago on the Swedish island of Öland. No trace of him has ever been found. Lead roles are played by Lena Endre, Tord Peterson and Thomas W Gabrielsson.
Headhunters
Headhunters is a feature film released in 2011 and based on the novel by Jo Nesbø. It is a dark comic thriller centered on a corporate headhunter whose life and marriage are suddenly threatened and turned upside-down when he himself becomes hunted by an unknown individual. The lead roles are played by Aksel Hennie, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau and Synnøve Macody Lund.
Wallander
From 2005 to 2006 13 new stories starring Krister Henriksson as Kurt Wallander were produced. The first film is based on the Linda Wallander novel Before the Frost and was released in cinemas. The rest of the films are original stories based on plots written by Mankell with scriptwriting completed by others. Two more were theatrical releases and the rest were released on DVD and shown on TV.
In 2008, a further 13 films were commissioned. Filming began in August 2008, and filming will continue, and releases begin, in 2009.
The first of these films, Hämnden (The Revenge), was a theatrical release on 9 January 2009, directed by award-winning Paris-based Franco-Swedish director Charlotte Brändström. The remaining 12 films will be released on DVD and then be broadcast on TV4 at a later date.
After filming is completed on the 2009 series, Henriksson will not play Wallander again, having only signed the new contract because he thought the 2005 series could have been better.
As a series, Mankell's Wallander has been nominated for The International TV Dagger at the 2009 Crime Thriller Awards, an awards ceremony presented by British television channel ITV3 and the Crime Writers' Association.
Yellow Bird recently co-produced two English-language Wallander series, starring Kenneth Branagh as Wallander, with the British broadcaster, the BBC. Series 1 premiered in the UK in November 2008 and series 2 aired in January 2010.
The first series won several BAFTAs. Branagh’s portrayal won him the award for best actor at the 35th Broadcasting Press Guild Television and Radio Awards (2009).
The Hollywood Foreign Press Association has nominated Branagh for the Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television for his performance in One Step Behind.
Stieg Larsson's Millennium books
Yellow Bird produced three films based on Stieg Larsson's Millennium trilogy. The Millennium books were originally intended to be released as one motion picture and two television mini-series, but popular demand and pressure from the Swedish Film Institute, one of the main financiers behind the films, altered the original plans. The Millennium films have been sold to most European and many Latin American markets. The films also had a US release.
Yellow Bird executive producer Sören Staermose confirmed in an interview with Swedish newspaper Expressen that negotiations are taking place to produce English language Millennium films. This would not be a US remake of the Swedish films but rather new Hollywood films based on the books. In the interview he states that the possible US films might be produced in a similar way as the Wallander TV series starring Kenneth Branagh, shooting in Sweden using English speaking actors. He also states that it is up to the director and says that the story could just as well take place in another country, like Canada.
On December 16, 2009 Svenska Dagbladet reported that Sony Pictures Entertainment was in negotiations with Yellow Bird about the film rights according to Yellow Bird Managing Director Mikael Wallén. Steve Zaillian was in discussions to adapt the first book.
Liza Marklund's Annika Bengtzon series
The company acquired film rights to six of best-selling author Liza Marklund's books featuring the criminal reporter Annika Bengtzon. Plans to produce movies for the Scandinavian and international markets were underway for each of the six titles: Studio Sex, Prime Time, The Red Wolf, Nobel’s Last Will, Lifetime and A Place in the Sun.
Marklund’s Annika Bengtzon series has a following all over the world. The eight books have sold more than nine million copies internationally and have been translated into 30 languages. Liza Marklund is currently working on the ninth book in the series.
Filming was expected to start at the end of 2010 with an estimated budget of approximately SEK 100 million.
Other projects
Yellow Bird has also produced six TV movies about criminal inspector Irene Huss, based on the books by Helene Tursten.
In March 2009 the company acquired the film rights for Norwegian crime writer Anne Holt's books about inspector Yngvar Stubø and Inger Johanne Vik – a psychologist and lawyer with a previous career in the FBI.
In April 2009 the company announced they optioned film rights for Norwegian author Jo Nesbø's most recent novel Headhunters.
The company purchased the rights to Blekingegadeligan, the bestselling book by Danish journalist Peter Øvig Knudsen about The Blekinge Street Gang, a group of about a dozen communist political activists who during the 1970s and 80s committed a number of highly professional robberies in Denmark and sent the money to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The series consists of 8 episodes and was shown on Danish channel DR1 in 2011.
International divisions
Germany
Yellow Bird produced a 2x90 German TV series based on the Henning Mankell novel Kennedy's Brain. The series is made for broadcaster ARD. The leading role is played by German actress Iris Berben. The series also stars Swedish actors Michael Nyqvist and Rolf Lassgård.
In October 2008, Yellow Bird launched "Yellow Bird Pictures", a subsidiary based in Munich, Germany. The start up is a joint venture between Yellow Bird and producer Oliver Schündler. Yellow Bird Pictures will focus on feature films and TV fiction for the German-speaking market. Initial productions will be based on rights that Yellow Bird already controls.
The German subsidiary adapted Henning Mankell's novel The Chinaman.
United Kingdom
In October 2017, Banijay Group (the current parent company of Yellow Bird as a result of acquiring the company's former parent Zodiak Media in February 2016) launched a British counterpart to Yellow Bird named Yellow Bird UK. Yellow Bird UK will focus on developing and creating original ideas with international appeal and a Nordic noir look and feel for British audiences, working with all broadcasters and platforms. Based in central London alongside fellow sister companies BlackLight and Fearless Minds, it will have close ties to the Swedish Yellow Bird.
In December 2019, Netflix announced that Yellow Bird UK would produce an as-yet untitled series on the origin story of music-streaming service Spotify.
United States
On 10 October 2018 (a year after the British division was launched), Yellow Bird teamed up with its fellow American sister company Bunim/Murray Productions to form Yellow Bird US, an American production joint venture based in Bunim/Murray's Los Angeles offices.
In February 2020, Yellow Bird US announced it would adapt Krystal Sutherland's novel A Semi-Definitive List of Worst Nightmares into a TV series.
Notes and references
External links
Official website
Film production companies of Sweden
Film production companies of Germany
Film production companies of the United States
2008 establishments in Germany
Television production companies of Sweden
Television production companies of the United States
Companies based in Stockholm
Companies based in Los Angeles
Swedish companies established in 2003
Entertainment companies established in 2003
Banijay
|
6906579
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Knights%20of%20the%20Fish
|
The Knights of the Fish
|
The Knights of the Fish (Spanish: "Los Caballeros del Pez") is a Spanish fairy tale collected by Fernán Caballero in Cuentos. Oraciones y Adivinas. Andrew Lang included it in The Brown Fairy Book. A translation was published in Golden Rod Fairy Book. Another version of the tale appears in A Book of Enchantments and Curses by Ruth Manning-Sanders.
It is classified in the Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index as type 303 ("The Twins or Blood Brothers"). Most tales of the sort begin with the father catching a talking fish thrice and, in the third time, the animal asks to be sacrificed and fed to the fisherman's wife and horses, and for his remains to be buried underneath a tree. By doing so, twins are born to him and his wife, as well as two foals and two trees.
It is also classified as ATU 300 ("The Dragon-Slayer"), a widespread tale.
Synopsis
An industrious but poor cobbler tried to fish until he was so hungry that he thought he would hang himself if he caught nothing. He caught a beautiful fish. It told him to cook it and then give two pieces to his wife, and bury two more in the garden. He did this. His wife gave birth to twin boys, and two plants sprang up, bearing shields, in the garden.
When the boys were grown, they decided to travel. At a crossroad, they parted ways. One found a city grieving, because every year a maiden had to be offered up to a dragon, and this year the lot had fallen on the princess. He went to see where the princess was, and then left her to fetch a mirror. He told her to cover it with her veil and hide behind it; when the dragon approached, she was to tear the veil off. She did, and the dragon stared at his rival, identical to him. He threatened it until he finally smashed it to pieces, but as every fragment reflected him, he thought he too had been smashed. While it was still baffled, the knight killed it. The king married him to his daughter.
The princess then showed him all over the country. He saw a castle of black marble, and was warned that whoever went to it never returned. He set out the next day. When he blew his horn and struck the gate, a woman finally opened the door. Echoes warned him off. He lifted his helmet, and the woman, who was an evil witch, let him in because he was so handsome. She told him that she would marry him, but he refused. The witch showed him over the castle and suddenly killed him by dropping him through a trapdoor.
His brother came to the city, and was taken for him. He kept quiet, so he could help his brother, and told the princess that he had to go back to the castle. He demanded to know what happened to his brother, and the echoes told him. With this knowledge, as soon as he met the witch, he stabbed her with his sword. The dying witch then pled to him to save her life with magical plants from the garden. He found the bodies of his brother and her previous victims, and restored them to life. He also found a cave full of maidens who had been killed by the dragon, reviving them too. After they all left, the witch died and the castle collapsed.
Motifs
The motif of the demand for sacrifice of youngsters of either sex happens in the Greek myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. However, a specific variant, where the dragon or serpent demands the sacrifice of young maidens or princesses is shared by many tales or legends all over the world: Japanese tale of Susanoo-no-Mikoto and the eight-headed serpent Orochi; Chinese folktale of Li Ji Slays the Great Serpent, attested in Soushen Ji, a 4th century compilation of stories, by Gan Bao.
The myth of Perseus and Andromeda is an archaic reflex of the princess and dragon theme: for disrespecting the Nereids, sea god Poseidon demands in sacrifice the life of the Ethiopian princess Andromeda to the sea monster Cetus. She is thus chained to a rock afloat in the sea, but is rescued by semi-divine hero Perseus. A similar event happens in the story of Trojan princess Hesione.
The many-headed serpent enemy shares similarities with Greek mythic creature Hydra, defeated by Heracles as part of his Twelve Labors. An episode of a battle with the dragon also occurs in several fairy tales: The Three Dogs, The Two Brothers, The Merchant (fairy tale), The Bold Knight, the Apples of Youth, and the Water of Life, The Three Princes and their Beasts, The Thirteenth Son of the King of Erin, Georgic and Merlin, the epic feats of Dobrynya Nikitich, the Polish legend of the Wawel Dragon.
The motif of the birth of twin boys by eating a magical fish shares similarities with a practice involving flower petals, as seen in the ATU 711, "The Beautiful and the Ugly Twin" (Tatterhood).
Variants
Origins
Greek folklorist listed several conflicting theories that different scholars have proposed for the origins of the tale type (ATU 303): some see a possible connection with the Ancient Egyptian story Tale of Two Brothers; suggested a origin in the Byzantine period (300-1500 CE); Wolfgang Hierse indicated the Eastern Mediterranean, during the Hellenistic period.
According to scholar Christine Goldberg, studies on both tale types ATU 300 and ATU 303 using the historic-geographic method concluded that type 300 has "old elements", but the "modern form" originated in medieval times, while type 303 is more recent because it included type 300 within its narrative. Kurt Ranke, for example, supposed that type 303 originated in Western Europe, in France, during medieval times.
Distribution
German scholar Kurt Ranke, who authored one of the definitive studies on the tale type ATU 303, analysed some 770 variants. As researcher Richard M. Dorson put it, the tale type "is well distributed throughout Europe and densely reported from Finland, Ireland, Germany, France, and Hungary.".
Variants are also found in Africa, such as The Twin Brothers from French Congo; Rombao, from Quelimane; and among indigenous peoples of the Americas, such as The Eight-Headed Windigo, from a Chippewan teller.
On a more global scale, Daniel J. Crowley, comparing tale indexes of Indonesia, Africa, Madagascar, British Islands, France, Spain and the Muslim Near East, concluded that the tale type appears "among the most popular and widespread tales on earth".
The birth of the twins (triplets)
Ingestion of fish or aquatic animal
The usual tale involves the birth of twins from the ingestion of the flesh of the fish - a motif that opens the tale type and, according to scholar Patrice Lajoye, with considerable antiquity. French historian François Delpech (fr) noted that the twins or triplets born of the fish show celestial birthmarks on the head - a similar appearance shared by the foals and hounds that are also born through the fish. From the remains of the fish a pair of swords and a bush sprout (which serve as their token of life).
Very rarely, there are born triplets, such as in a variant from Brittany, France, collected by folklorist Adolphe Orain: in Les chevaliers de la belle étoile, instead of the usual twins, three sons are born when their mother is given the flesh of the enchanted eel (which replaces the fish). Each of the brothers is born with a star on the forehead.
Other similar variant is , collected from Bélesta, Ariège, where there are also three sons born from the magical fish.
In Czech fairy tale The Twin Brothers, the enchanted fish is described as a princess cursed into piscian form. When a woman catches her (as fish) to eat, the princess says she will be delivered from her curse "as soon as [her] body has rotted".
The fish is also replaced by three eels in Serbian fairy tale "Три јегуље" ("The Three Eels"), by Vuk Karadzic.
In a Valencian tale collected by Enric Valor i Vives, La Mare dels Peixos ("The Mother of Fishes"), when the fisherman is sailing in the sea, he captures an eel-like, aquatic being with three heads that introduces itself at the "Mother of the Fishes". She tells the fisherman to kill it, and to give one of its heads to his wife, his dogs and his horses.
In an Asturian tale collected by Aurelio de Llano Roza de Ampudia, El pescador y la serena ("The Fisherman and the Mermaid"), the titular fisherman captures a mermaid who tells him to cut her apart in eight parts and give two to his wife. Thus, she will bear twins.
Ingestion of fruit
The aquatic animal is replaced altogether for a fruit in other variants, such as an apple in the Slavonic tale The Brothers; or a mango, which appears in the Indic form of the tale type (according to researcher Mary Brockington).
According to Armenian scholarship, the motif of the apple also appears in Armenian variants: a passing dervish gives the apple to the king's wife so that she may bear twins, but the dervish asks for one of the twins in payment. One of the boys is given to the dervish. After some time, he dips his hair in a magic golden pool, escapes from him with a horse and wears a disguise to work as a king's gardener (tale type ATU 314, "The Goldener", wherein a youth gains golden hair by magic and later works in a menial position). After the boy is petrified by a witch, his twin comes to his rescue (type ATU 303).
In a tale from Dagestan translated into Hungarian with the title Aranyhajú Arszlan ("Golden-Haired Arszlan"), a childless man is given a pair of beans as remedy for his plight by an old hermit, who asks for one of the twins in return. The beans work, and a pair of twins is born, named Arszlan and Batir. Arszlan is given to the hermit, who is in reality an evil creature. The youth escapes with a horse, dips his body in a river of a golden colour and works as gardener in another kingdom (tale type ATU 314).
In an Iranian tale collected by Emily Lorimer and David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer from Bakhtiari with the title The Gazelle Maiden and the Golden Brothers, a childless king with seven wives, named Malik Ahmad, receives a pomegranate from a dervish to give to his wife. She bears twins, and the elder twin, called Malik Mahmad, opts to accompany the dervish as part of his father's deal. On the way to a golden fountain, an old greybeard warns the youth that the dervish will kill him, so he should escape from him with his horse. He follows the man's instructions, bathes in the golden fountain and kills the dervish. He finds work in another kingdom, marries a girl and follows a gazelle to a cave. He enters the cave and sees a beautiful maiden, who reveals she is the gazelle. She challenges the golden twin to a physical battle. He loses and is put away with other prisoners. Far away, his younger twin, Sultan Mahmad, sees the brother's ring turn black and senses his twin is in danger. Sultan Mahmad meets his sister-in-law and puts a sword between them in bed. Later, Sultan Mahmad defeats the strong lady, marries her and releases his twin brother and the prisoners.
Imbibing of water
In an Afro-American variant from Antigua, Black Jack and White Jack, a White lady and a Black lady move to a strange land and walk about with a bottle of water. During three walks, as soon as their bottles are empty, they return home. On the fourth time, they see two ponds, one white and the other black. The White lady drinks from the white pond and gives birth to a White boy, and the Black lady from the black pond, and gives birth to a Black boy.
Birth of lookalike individuals
The ATU 303 type usually involves the birth of twins (or triplets), but in variants there are born two similar-looking individuals from a rich mother (queen, lady) and a poor one (maid, servant), who both ate the magical item that, according to some in-story superstition, is said to have pregnancy-inducing properties, such as a fruit or herb. Despite their different origins, both youths hold great affection and loyalty towards each other. One example is the Swedish folktale Silfver-hvit och Lill-vacker (English: "Silverwhite and Lillwacker").
In a Romanian fairy tale, Der Morgenstern und der Abendstern ("The Morning-Star and the Evening-Star"), a king and a queen have tried to conceive a child, but no such luck. One night, the empress dreams that God told her the method: the king must catch a fish, cook it and give it to the queen, who gives birth to a boy. A maid also tastes the queen's plate and gives birth to another boy. The prince is named Busujok and the maid's son Siminok.
In the Moravian tale Zkamenělí lidé ("The Petrified People"), a princess and her friend, a burgermeister's daughter, drink seawater and become pregnant at the same time. Seven years later, the king suspects foul play and plans execution of the maidens and their incredibly similar children, Petr and Karl. The king prepares a trial by ordeal: both boys should walk on water. Both pass the trial, since they did not sink in the sea.
In a Russian fairy tale, when the fisherman gives the fish for his wife to eat, she shares the food with the mare and the cow. Later, three individuals are born: three half-brothers, one of the human woman, the second of the mare and the third, Cow's Son, of the cow. The cow's son is the strongest and the hero of the tale.
In an Irish tale published by poet W. B. Yeats from an "old man" in Galway, Jack and Bill, the king's wife and a female cook eat a fish and give birth to identical individuals. They become very close friends, but depart to have their own adventures. Jack kills dragons and rescues a princess. He is later killed by a witch in the woods, but Bill saves him soon after. This tale was also published in Yeats's The Celtic Twilight with the name Dreams that have no Moral and in Lady Gregory's The Kiltartan Wonder Book, wherein the heroes are named Seamus and Shawneen.
The names of the heroes
If the characters are named in the tale, both brothers may have water-related names. For instance, in Swedish variant Wattuman und Wattusin (Wassermann und Wasserjunge), in the Brothers Grimm tale Johann Wassersprung und Kaspar Wassersprung ("Johannes Waterspring and Casper Waterspring"), in another German variant Wasserpaul and Wasserpeter, or in a Hungarian variant Vízi Péter és Vízi Pál (vízi means "water" in Hungarian).
In another German variant, The Two Foundlings of the Spring, or, The Story of Brunnenhold and Brunnenstark, an exiled princess finds two babies near a spring and decided that "they shall both take their names from the water": Brunnenhold, with "blue eyes and hair", and Brunnenstark, because he is stronger than his brother. The tale of brothers Brunnenhold and Brunnenstark was also given a somewhat abridged format by 19th century theologue Johann Andreas Christian Löhr, with the name Die Söhne der Quelle.
In a Russian-language Siberian variant titled "Федор Водович и Иван Водович" ("Fyodor Vodovich and Ivan Vodovich", or "Fyodor, Son of the Water, and Ivan, Son of the Water"), a queen gives birth to a daughter, much to her husband's chagrin. The king decides to lock her up in a dungeon with a companion, to protect her from the world. One day, she is allowed to leave the dungeon, and drinks a bit of water from a well. Nine months later, she gives birth to two boys, later baptized as Ivan Vodovich and Fyodor Vodovich (vodo/a means water in Russian).
The adventures of the twins (triplets)
The general narrative of the tale type separates the twins: one defeats the dragon and, after he marries the princess, goes to an illuminated castle (or tower) in the distance, where a witch resides. In Iberian variants, this castle is known as "Castle of No Return" (Spanish: Castillo de Irás y No Volverás) or "Tower of the Ill-Hour" (Portuguese: Torre da Má Hora). Later, his twin (or younger triplet) defeats the witch and rescues the older brother. Before the younger brother goes to rescue his sibling, he meets his sister-in-law, who mistakes him for her husband. To avoid any future complications, the brother lays down a sword between them in the royal bed. This motif is known as "The Sword of Chastity" and scholarship argues that it is "an integral part" of this tale type.
Some versions preserve the motif of the helping animals, attested in the pure form of ATU 300, "The Dragonslayer", where the sole hero is helped by four different animals or by three powerful dogs. One example of the latter type is the Romanian variant Măr și Păr: the prince Măr names his dogs "Florian, Cioban and Frunză de megheran", and the servant's son Păr gives his hounds the names of "Bujor, Rozor and Cetina brazilor".
The dragon of the tale, in Scandinavian variants, is sometimes replaced by a troll that lives in the sea.
In a tale collected from Wallonia, Le Garçon avec Ses Trois Chiens, triplets are born from the ingestion of the fish's flesh. This variant is peculiar in that it inverts the usual narrative: the brothers' petrification by the witch occurs before the episode of the dragon-slaying. The youngest triplet rescues his older brothers and later the princess demanded by the dragon.
A similar inversion of the twins' adventures occurs in Cossack (Ukrainian) tale The Two Princes: the younger twin rescues his older brother from the pagan witch that petrified him and his dog, and later the dragon-slaying episode happens.
In another tale, Die zwei Brüder ("The Two Brothers"), the heroes are born after the ingestion of the fish, one stays home and the other goes around the world. In this story, the episode of the petrification in the castle of the witch happens after the killing of the dragon, but before the revelation of the false hero.
In an unsourced tale published by Andrew Lang in his The Grey Fairy Book, The Twin Brothers, an old woman reveals that the infertility of a fisherman's wife can be cured by ingesting the flesh of a gold-fish, and after some should be given to her she-dogs and mares. Male twins are born, two foals and two puppies - each brother getting a hound and a horse. When the older twin leaves home, he arrives in a kingdom and tries to woo the princess Fairest in the Land, by performing her father's three tasks. Later, he arrives in another kingdom, where a giant has blocked the flow of waters and only releases it once a year when he is given a maiden to devour. A similar version was collected by scholar Giorgos A. Megas in his book Folktales of Greece. This tale was originally collected in German by Austrian consul Johann Georg von Hahn from Negades, with the title Die Zwillingsbrüder.
Some variants skip the birth implement altogether and begin with the twin (triplet) princes going their separates ways at the crossroads, after they gather their animal retinues.
Adaptations
The tale type was adapted into the story Los hermanos gemelos ("The Twin Brothers"), by Spanish writer Romualdo Nogués, with a moral at the end. A second adaptation was published in Spanish newspaper El Imparcial, in 1923, titled El pez y los tres rosales ("The Fish and the Three Rosebushes").
A Hungarian variant of the tale was adapted into an episode of the Hungarian television series Magyar népmesék ("Hungarian Folk Tales") (hu), with the title A kõvé vált királyfi ("The Prince who turned into Stone"). This version replaces the sacrifice of a maiden to a dragon for a fight against an invincible warrior of the enemy army.
See also
The Two Brothers (Grimm fairy tale)
The Gold-Children (Grimm fairy tale)
The Merchant (fairy tale)
The Enchanted Doe
The Twins (Albanian tale)
The Three Dogs
The Sea-Maiden
The Seven-headed Serpent
Princess and dragon and other tales of dragon- or serpent-slaying by a hero (ATU Index type 300, "The Dragonslayer")
Dragonslayer (a heroic archetype in fiction, fantasy and mythology)
Minotaur
References
Bibliography
Amores, Monstserrat. Catalogo de cuentos folcloricos reelaborados por escritores del siglo XIX. Madrid: CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTROPOLOGÍA DE ESPAÑA Y AMÉRICA. 1997. pp. 69-71.
Boggs, Ralph Steele. Index of Spanish folktales, classified according to Antti Aarne's "Types of the folktale". Chicago: University of Chicago. 1930. pp. 40-41.
Further reading
Brockington, Mary (1999). "The relationship of the Râmâyaòa to the Indic form of “The Two Brothers” and to the Stepmother redaction". In: The Epic: oral and written. Ed. by Lauri Honko, John Miles Foley and Jawaharlal Handoo. Central Institute of Indian Languages: Mysore, 1999. pp. 139–150. .
Marc, Claudine. Le Fils du Roi des Poissons. Etude comparative du conte AT 303 et de récits médiévaux. Université de Grenoble, janvier 2000. Doctoral thesis (unpublished).
Ranke, Kurt. Die zwei Brüder: Eine Studie zur vergleichenden Märchenforschung. Helsinki: 1934 (Folklore Fellows Communications, 114).
Rubow, Mette. "Un essai d'interprétation du conte-type AaTh 303: Le roi des poissons ou La bête à sept têtes". Fabula 25, 1-2 (1984): 18-34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/fabl.1984.25.1-2.18
External links
The Knights of the Fish
Reconstruction of the original form of ATU type 303, "The Blood Brothers" by D. L. Ashliman, based on various sources
Knights of the Fish
Knights of the Fish
Knights of the Fish
Knights of the Fish
ATU 300-399
|
17339880
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachao
|
Wachao
|
Wachao is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
23581427
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975%E2%80%9376%20Mersin%20%C4%B0dmanyurdu%20season
|
1975–76 Mersin İdmanyurdu season
|
Mersin İdmanyurdu (also Mersin İdman Yurdu, Mersin İY, or MİY) Sports Club; located in Mersin, east Mediterranean coast of Turkey in 1975–76. At the end of 1975–76 season Mersin İdmanyurdu promoted to First League after two seasons since its relegated from the league in 1973–74 season. It was the second promotion of the team. The 1974–75 season was the sixth season of Mersin İdmanyurdu (MİY) football team in Turkish Second Football League, the second level division in Turkey. They finished 1st in the Red Group.
The president of the club was Kaya Mutlu, mayor of the Mersin city. General captain was Burhan Kanun. Club director was Kazım Tunç.
The manager of the team was Kadri Aytaç, former player of Galatasaray and Mersin İdmanyurdu. They have lost second league championship game against Samsunspor.
Pre-season
The team attended Spor-Toto Cup organized between 02.08.1975 and 30.08.1975 in 7th group together with Adanaspor, Hatayspor, İskenderunspor and Konya İdmanyurdu.
30.08.1975 - MİY-Syria Amateur national football team.
1975–76 Second League participation
In its 13th season (1975–76) Second League was played with 32 teams, 16 in red group and 16 in white group. First teams promoted to First League 1976–77 and last teams relegated to Third League 1976–77 in each group. Mersin İY became 1st with 14 wins and 39 goals in Red Group. Şeref Başoğlu was the most scorer player with 9 goals.
Results summary
Mersin İdmanyurdu (MİY) 1975–76 Second League Red Group league summary:
Sources: 1975–76 Turkish Second Football League pages.
League table
Mersin İY's league performance in Second League Red Group in 1975–76 season is shown in the following table.
Note: Won, drawn and lost points are 2, 1 and 0. F belongs to MİY and A belongs to corresponding team for both home and away matches.
Results by round
Results of games MİY played in 1975–76 Second League Red Group by rounds:
First half
Second half
Championship match
Mersin İdmanyurdu lost the second league championship game against Samsunspor, the White Group's winner.
1975–76 Turkish Cup participation
1975–76 Turkish Cup was played for the 14th season as Türkiye Kupası by 88 teams. First and second elimination rounds were played in one-leg elimination system. Third and fourth elimination rounds and finals were played in two-legs elimination system. Mersin İdmanyurdu participated in 1975–76 Turkish Cup from round 2 and eliminated at round 4 by Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü was eliminated by Galatasaray at semifinals. Galatasaray won the Cup for the 6th time and became eligible for 1976–77 ECW Cup.
Cup track
The drawings and results Mersin İdmanyurdu (MİY) followed in 1975–76 Turkish Cup are shown in the following table.
Note: In the above table 'Score' shows For and Against goals whether the match played at home or not.
Game details
Mersin İdmanyurdu (MİY) 1975–76 Turkish Cup game reports is shown in the following table.
Kick off times are in EET and EEST.
Source: 1975–76 Turkish Cup pages.
Management
Club management
Kaya Mutlu was club president. Burhan Kanun was general captain.
Coaching team
1975–76 Mersin İdmanyurdu head coaches:
Note: Only official games were included.
1975–76 squad
Stats are counted for 1975–76 Second League matches and 1975–76 Turkish Cup (Türkiye Kupası) matches. In the team rosters five substitutes were allowed to appear, two of whom were substitutable. Only the players who appeared in game rosters were included and listed in the order of appearance.
Sources: 1975–76 season squad data from maçkolik com, Milliyet, and Cem Pekin Archives.
News from Milliyet:
Transfers in: Aydın (Ankaragücü); Rüçhan (Fenerbahçe).
Transfers out: Nevruz went to Fenerbahçe in exchange for Rüçhan and some money.
General Captain Burhan Kanun has started an aid campaign for former player Cihat Erbil who was cancered. Mersin İdmanyurdu players also collected an amount. Some firms, citizens and sportsmen including those of neighbour teams Adanaspor and Adana Demirspor contributed too. Cihat had been transferred from Bandırmaspor in 1969.
See also
Football in Turkey
1975–76 Turkish First Football League
1975–76 Turkish Cup
Notes and references
Mersin İdman Yurdu seasons
Turkish football clubs 1975–76 season
|
44506394
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Boat%20Race%201955
|
The Boat Race 1955
|
The 101st Boat Race took place on 26 March 1955. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. The race, in which the Cambridge crew was substantially heavier than their opponents and where there were more non-British participants than ever before, was umpired by former Oxford rower Gerald Ellison. Cambridge won by sixteen lengths, the second largest margin of victory in the history of the Boat Race, in a time of 19 minutes 10 seconds. It was their second win in three years and took the overall record in the event to 55–45 in their favour.
Background
The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues"). First held in 1829, the race takes place on the Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities; it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and, as of 2014, broadcast worldwide. Oxford went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1954 race by lengths, while Cambridge led overall with 54 victories to Oxford's 45 (excluding the "dead heat" of 1877).
Cambridge were coached by J. R. F. Best, G. Bogland-Wood, Thom Langton (who had rowed in the 1937 and 1938 races), Derek Mays-Smith and James Owen. Oxford's coaches were Christopher Davidge (who rowed in the 1949, 1951 and 1952 races and was non-rowing president for the 1951 race), Hugh "Jumbo" Edwards (a Blue in 1926 and 1930), W. J. Llewellyn-Jones and A. D. Rowe (who had represented Oxford in the 1948 and 1949 races). The race was umpired by former Oxford rower Gerald Ellison, the Bishop of Willesden, who had rowed for Oxford in the 1932 and 1933 races.
Prior to the race, the rowing correspondent for The Times suggested "it must be rare for two Boat Race crews to be as dissimilar as are the Oxford and Cambridge crews" who were to race against one another. Oxford were the lighter crew yet demonstrated uniformity and excellent watermanship. Cambridge's style was diverse but demonstrated a "tremendous zest for hard work and hard rowing."
Crews
The Cambridge crew weighed an average of 13 st 2.5 lb (83.5 kg), per rower more than their opponents. Six of the Oxford crew had previous Boat Race experience including their bow James A. Gobbo. Cambridge saw two rowers return, in bow D. K. Hill and number four K. A. Masser. The race saw more non-British participants than ever before: Oxford's crew included four Australians in Gobbo, E. V. Vine, J. G. McLeod and Edward Pain, while Cambridge's had two Harvard University rowers in P. du Bois and Robert Monks. Oxford's Pain was an Olympic bronze medallist in the men's eight at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Race
Oxford won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station, handing the Middlesex side of the river to Cambridge. The umpire Ellison started the race at 2:20 p.m. whereupon Oxford made the better start, rating 40 strokes per minute, and taking a slight lead. Maintaining the higher stroke rate, the Dark Blues passed Craven Steps with a canvas-length lead in a record time. Taking advantage of the bend in the river, Cambridge first drew level before holding a quarter-length lead by the time the crews passed the Mile Post. By Harrods Furniture Depository the lead was just back to a canvas before a mistake in the steering from Oxford's cox Watson on the approach to Hammersmith Bridge saw Cambridge leading by a few feet. A spurt from Oxford's stroke G. Sorrell went unanswered by his crew, and in response, the Light Blue stroke pushed on, taking the Cambridge boat away. By Chiswick Eyot the Light Blues held a three-length lead which they extended to over five lengths by Chiswick Steps.
Rough water in Corney Reach meant both crews had reduced to 28 strokes per minute but Oxford were tiring: their number six McLeod "stopped rowing ... he kept some sort of time, but barely dipping his blade into the water". The rowing correspondent for The Manchester Guardian suggested that he had "got his oar buried, was pounded in the stomach by its handle and virtually stopped rowing". Cambridge passed below Barnes Bridge thirty seconds ahead and had reduced their rating to 26 strokes per minute, 6 fewer than Oxford who continued to struggle. Cambridge won by sixteen lengths, the second largest margin of victory in the history of the Boat Race, bettered only by their twenty-length victory in the 1900 race. The winning time was 19 minutes 10 seconds. It was their second win in three years and took the overall record in the event to 55–45 in their favour.
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Official website
1955 in English sport
1955 in rowing
The Boat Race
March 1955 sports events in the United Kingdom
1955 sports events in London
|
26719065
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkosinathi%20Joyi
|
Nkosinathi Joyi
|
Nkosinathi Joyi (born 1 January 1983 in Mdantsane, South Africa), is a South African professional boxer with a southpaw stance who goes by the nickname of "Mabere". Joyi is the former IBF Minimumweight world champion, he was ranked by BoxRec and The Ring Magazine as the number one boxer in the Minimumweight division. He is also the two-time and current IBO Minimumweight champion.
Professional career
Joyi, who has fought his entire career in South Africa, made his professional debut on 28 April 2002 in Queenstown. He beat Dalisizwe Komani over the six round distance to make a winning start to his career. Joyi won his first minor championship on 24 April 2004, beating Mzikayse Foslare to win the South African minimumweight title.
Minimumweight world title
The first major fight of his career came on 26 June 2009 in East London, where he fought the Filipino boxer Florante Condes in an IBF Minimumweight title eliminator. Joyi won the fight by a wide unanimous decision with scores of: 120–107 (twice) and 119–108. In his next fight, on 26 March 2010 and also in East London, Joyi challenged for the IBF title against the Mexican Raúl García. Joyi once again gained a unanimous points decision and claimed García's title, the scores were 119–109 (twice) and 118–110. On 29 January 2011, Joyi faced former WBC Minimumweight champion, Katsunari Takayama. Joyi appeared to be in full control of the bout until the third round, when an accidental clash of heads opened a deep cut along Takayama's hairline. Since four rounds had not been completed, the bout was ruled a no-contest. Joyi then defeated Takayama via a unanimous decision in a direct rematch on 30 March 2012 in East London. He had reportedly injured his left hand in the second round of that fight. Joyi's promoter Branco Milenkovic has planned to stage a unification match. However, two of the other three champions of the four major sanctioning bodies were Japanese. Although Japan's reigning world champions have been allowed to fight in a unification match with any champion of the four major sanctioning bodies since 28 February 2011, the WBC's Kazuto Ioka and the WBA's Akira Yaegashi were due to fight in their title unification bout. So, they were unavailable until at least June 2012.
In Joyi's first fight outside of South Africa, he suffered an upset knockout loss at the hands of local fighter Mario Rodriguez (14–6–4) in Sinaloa, Mexico on 1 September 2012.
Professional boxing record
See also
List of world mini-flyweight boxing champions
References
External links
|-
|-
1983 births
Living people
South African male boxers
People from Mdantsane
Mini-flyweight boxers
World mini-flyweight boxing champions
International Boxing Federation champions
International Boxing Organization champions
Sportspeople from the Eastern Cape
|
17339883
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Cooley
|
Scott Cooley
|
Scott Cooley (1845 – June 1876) was an Old West Texas Ranger and later outlaw, best known for his association with gunman Johnny Ringo.
Biography
Cooley was born in Texas, and was unofficially adopted as a boy and raised by rancher Tim Williamson. As a child, Tim Williamson and his wife nursed Cooley through a serious illness when he contracted typhoid, and Cooley treated the couple with the utmost respect. He joined the Texas Rangers as a young man. He was well respected as a lawman, and even feared due to his relentless pursuit of outlaws. However, on May 13, 1875, Tim Williamson was falsely arrested in Mason County, Texas for cattle rustling by Deputy Sheriff John Worley (sometimes spelled John Worhle). While Williamson was being escorted to jail by Worley, an angry mob of German cattle ranchers jerked him aside and shot him to death. This event marked the beginning of what would be called the Mason County War, known also as the "Hoodoo War".
When Cooley received the news at the Texas Ranger camp where his Ranger Company was based, he broke into uncontrollable crying, which quickly turned to anger. Cooley blamed Worley for Williamson's death, believing that he was in cahoots with the Germans, as Worley was of German descent. However, he waited for indictments to be passed down from the court against those responsible for Williamson's death, but when none came, he took matters into his own hands. Cooley went to Worley's home, where Worley was working on his well with a helper. Cooley shot and killed Worley on sight. He then scalped him, and displayed the scalp as a prize to the Germans. Cooley then killed German cattleman Charley Bader. By that time gunman Johnny Ringo had joined Cooley, along with several others. Two of Ringo's friends, Moses Baird and George Gladden, were ambushed shortly thereafter by a posse led by Sheriff John Clark, during which Baird was killed and Gladden seriously wounded. That posse included Peter Bader, brother to Cooley's second victim, Carl Bader.
Johnny Ringo and a friend named Bill Williams rode boldly into Mason, Texas on September 25, 1875, riding up in front of the house of James Cheyney, the man who led Gladden and Baird into the ambush. As Cheyney came out, both Ringo and Williams shot and killed him. The two then rode to the house of Dave Doole, and called him outside, but when he came out with a gun, they fled back into town. Four days later, Scott Cooley and John Baird, brother to Moses Baird, then killed German cowboy Daniel Hoerster, and wounded Germans Peter Jordan and Henry Plueneke. The German cattlemen then retaliated, hanging two men they suspected had assisted Cooley. The next day Texas Rangers arrived, finding the town in chaos, and Cooley and his faction gone. Major John B. Jones of the Texas Rangers dispatched three parties to pursue Cooley and his followers. The next day local Sheriff John Clark dispatched a posse of deputies to arrest Bill Coke, suspected of assisting Cooley. Coke was located and arrested, but allegedly "escaped" while on the way to town. Coke was never seen again, and it is suspected that the posse executed him. Charley Johnson, a friend to Bill Coke, then appeared in town looking for blacksmith William Miller, who had been a member of the posse that arrested Coke. He found Miller at his workplace, and shot him down. Badly wounded, Miller was saved only by his wife running outside and throwing herself toward him, at which point Johnson simply walked away.
By this time, killings were almost random. There was no local law enforcement to speak of, as the sheriff was obviously supporting the German cattlemen, and no arrests had been made against either side short of the arrest of Bill Coke. The Texas Rangers were also doing little to help matters, as many were friends to Scott Cooley. Frustrated, Major Jones asked that if any of them felt they could not perform their duty by pursuing Cooley, they should step forward. Fifteen of them did so, willing to accept discharges rather than to pursue Cooley. The Texas Governors office was by this time receiving letters in support of Cooley, stating the local sheriff was in support of the German cattlemen, which was filtering down on Major Jones, prompting him to act swiftly.
At the end of December, 1875, Cooley and Ringo were arrested by Sheriff A. J. Strickland for threatening the life of Burnet County, Texas Deputy Sheriff John J. Strickland. They later escaped from the Lampasas County, Texas jail, with the help of friends, but their arrests essentially stopped the violence. Cooley later escaped a posse near the Llano River, fleeing into Blanco County, Texas, and was never officially seen again. He is believed to have either been wounded by that posse and died shortly thereafter, or to have died due to what was referred to as "brain fever" shortly thereafter. He is believed to have been hiding out at the Nimitz Hotel in Fredericksburg, Texas at the time. However, neither of the reported death scenarios has ever been confirmed.
References
External links
Scott Cooley
Johnny Ringo and the Mason County War
The Mason County War
Members of the Texas Ranger Division
Gunslingers of the American Old West
1845 births
1876 deaths
People from Mason County, Texas
|
26719121
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necklace%20of%20Precious%20Pearls
|
Necklace of Precious Pearls
|
The Necklace of Precious Pearls () is one of the Seventeen tantras of Dzogchen Upadesha.
Translations
The tantra has been translated into English by Christopher Wilkinson in a self-published edition entitled "The Pearl Necklace Tantra: Upadesha Instructions of the Great Perfection"
Primary resources
mu tig rin po che phreng ba'i rgyud @ Wikisource in Wylie
མུ་ཏིག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཕྲེང་བའི་རྒྱུད @ Wikisource in Uchen (Tibetan Script), Unicode
Notes
Dzogchen texts
Nyingma tantras
|
17339888
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopus%20%28comics%29
|
Octopus (comics)
|
Octopus is a supervillain from the comic book The Spirit by cartoonist Will Eisner. He first appeared in The Spirit on July 14, 1946, and became the primary nemesis in later stories.
Fictional character biography
The Octopus has never showed his face in the stories, but readers could always identify the character by the distinctive purple gloves he always wore. A master of disguise, The Octopus was involved in the epic fight with The Spirit, which left Denny Colt temporarily blind.
Appearances
14 July 1946 – "The Postage Stamp"
17 November 1946 – "Return to Caramba"
1 December 1946 – "The Portier Fortune"
6 July 1947 – "Wanted – Mortimer J. Titmouse"
10 August 1947 – "Sign of The Octopus" aka "Klink Versus The Octopus"
17 August 1947 – "The Picnic"
24 August 1947 – "Showdown with The Octopus"
28 December 1947 – "Umbrella Handles"
25 January 1948 – "Montabaldo"
1 February 1948 – "El Espirito"
1 August 1948 – "The Eisner Travel Agency"
31 October 1948 – "Hallowe'en Spirit"
5 December 1948 – "Stop the Plot"
26 December 1948 – "Will Eisner's Almanack" (cameo)
4 February 1951 – "Showdown with The Octopus" (reprint)
11 February 1951 – "Octopus Back in U.S.A."
18 February 1951 – "To The Spirit with Love"
25 February 1951 – "The Portier Fortune" (revised reprint)
18 March 1951 – "Darling Unmasks The Octopus"
15 July 1951 – "Heat" (cameo)
22 July 1951 – "Hospital Zone – Quiet"
25 November 1951 – "I Hate The Spirit Because Contest" aka "The League of Liars" (cameo)
Film
On July 19, 2006, The Hollywood Reporter reported that comic book writer/artist Frank Miller would write and direct the feature film adaptation of The Spirit with Samuel L. Jackson as the Octopus. Unlike the comics his face is seen in the film, depicted with eight "prison tears" under his eyes like octopus tentacles; he brags to have "eight of everything". In another departure from the comic, he holds a love of powerful firearms, including two Desert Eagles, two miniguns, two .500 S&W Magnums, two Sawed-off shotguns, and a pair of four-barreled shotguns. He also wears a series of outlandish costumes such as a long fur coat and hat inspired by blaxploitation films and Russians, a Nazi uniform, and a samurai robe and hairpiece inspired by classic kung-fu movies. The film combines elements of Dr. Cobra from The Spirit comics with the Octopus in that he is revealed to have been responsible for the Spirit's resurrection and immortality thanks to a regenerative formula he invented and injected himself with as well after succeeding. The Octopus is served by Silken Floss and a group of cloned henchmen (all portrayed by Louis Lombardi). His quest in the film is to get his hands on the Blood of Heracles to drink and become a god. Following a fight with the Spirit, the Octopus escapes but ends up with Jason's Golden Fleece desired by Sand Saref, now with the blood. After going to desperate measures trying to find Sand and kill the Spirit, the Octopus hires a beautiful assassin, Plaster of Paris, to take down his nemesis. At the end of the film, the Octopus is finally defeated in a manner similar to his demise in the comic, being blown up by a grenade. However, his severed finger is found by Silken Floss and two of his cloned henchmen, implying he may return.
Project Superpowers
The Octopus is mentioned in Alex Ross and Jim Krueger's Project Superpowers series. In that series he has supposedly been killed by The Flame, and his criminal empire is now run by his widow.
References
Comics characters introduced in 1946
Superhero film characters
Golden Age supervillains
Comic strip supervillains
Fictional serial killers
Male characters in comics
|
44506403
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishq%20Wala%20Love
|
Ishq Wala Love
|
Ishq Wala Love (Marathi: इश्क वाला Love) is a 2014 Indian Marathi language Romantic Drama film written, directed and produced by Renu Desai under Akira Films and Shree Aadya Films banners. The movie is the directorial debut film of Desai and stars Adinath Kothare and Sulagna Panigrahi in lead roles, with Suchitra Bandekar, Leena Bhagwat, Bhargavi Chirmule, Sukanya Kulkarni, Apurva Nemlekar and Vijay Pushkar among others. The film was released in theatres on 10 October 2014.
Cast
Adinath Kothare as Ajinkya
Sulagna Panigrahi as Ovi
Suchitra Bandekar
Leena Bhagwat
Bhargavi Chirmule
Sukanya Kulkarni- Mone
Apurva Nemlekar
Swapnil Bandodkar
Guru Thakur
Mangesh Borgaonkar
Vishwajeet Joshi
Yogesh Jagam
Prashant Tapasvi
Mangesh Desai
Vijay Pushkar as Neel
Shrikar Pitre
Satish Pulekar
Ravi kumar
Production
Ishq Wala Love is produced by Renu Desai under her home banner Akira Films and was presented by Shree Aadya Films. It is the second production venture of Desai after her Marathi film Mangalashtak Once More. The film marks the directorial debut of Desai.
Casting
Amruta Khanvilkar was the first choice opposite Adinath Kothare, but then was replaced by Sulagna Panigrahi. Sulagna Panigrahi has previously acted in few Hindi television serial's and Hindi movie Murder 2. This is Sulagna's debut in Marathi film industry with Ishq Wala Love.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack comprises 11 tracks. The soundtrack was released on 22 July 2014.
The film's songs were composed by Avinash-Vishwajeet, Sagar-Madhur and S. J. Suryah (with whom Renu Desai worked under as a costume designer in Kushi), with lyrics penned by Guru Thakur, Shrirang Godbole, Tanishk Nabar, Sandeep Khare and Sangeeta Barve.
Track listing
Release
The film was released on 10 October 2014 in theaters of Maharashtra.
References
External links
2014 films
2010s Marathi-language films
|
17339891
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachutaing
|
Wachutaing
|
Wachutaing is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
17339900
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachyawn
|
Wachyawn
|
Wachyawn is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
6906589
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20municipalities%20of%20the%20Province%20of%20Vibo%20Valentia
|
List of municipalities of the Province of Vibo Valentia
|
The following is a list of the 50 municipalities (comuni) of the Province of Vibo Valentia, Calabria, Italy.
List
See also
List of municipalities of Italy
References
Vibo Valentia
|
44506420
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Vanthoff
|
Van Vanthoff
|
Percival Evert Russell "Van" Vanthoff (12 January 189430 July 1967) was a senior Australian public servant. He was Director-General of the Postmaster-General's Department from May until December 1958.
Life and career
Van Vanthoff was born in Cobram, Victoria on 12 January 1894 to parents Isaac and Mary Jane Vanthoff.
In World War I, Vanthoff served in the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force.
He was appointed Director-General of Posts and Telegraphs, heading the Postmaster-General's Department, in May 1958. In the role, he oversaw development of an automatic teleprinter switching system for telegraphs, and worked to provide a six-tube coaxial cable between Sydney and Melbourne. Vanthoff retired in December 1958.
Vanthoff died on 30 July 1967 in Richmond, Melbourne.
Awards
In January 1955 Vanthoff was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.
References
1894 births
1967 deaths
Australian public servants
Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire
|
17339906
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakyang
|
Wakyang
|
Wakyang is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township
|
20477490
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Members%20of%20the%20Australian%20Senate%2C%201951%E2%80%931953
|
Members of the Australian Senate, 1951–1953
|
This is a list of members of the Australian Senate from 1951 to 1953. The 28 April 1951 election was a double dissolution called by Prime Minister of Australia Robert Menzies in an attempt to gain control of the Senate and to pass the Commonwealth Bank Bill, if necessary at a joint sitting of both houses. All 121 seats in the House of Representatives, and all 60 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Liberal Party of Australia led by Menzies with coalition partner the Country Party led by Arthur Fadden defeated the Australian Labor Party led by Ben Chifley and gained control of the Senate with 32 seats to Labor's 28.
In accordance with section 13 of the Constitution, terms for senators was taken to commence on 1 July 1950. The first five senators elected in each state were allocated the full six-year terms ending on 30 June 1956 while the other half were allocated three-year terms ending on 30 June 1953.
The Commonwealth Bank Bill was presented to Parliament again on 26 June 1951 and passed both houses.
Notes
References
Members of Australian parliaments by term
20th-century Australian politicians
Australian Senate lists
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.