id
stringlengths 2
8
| url
stringlengths 31
389
| title
stringlengths 1
250
| text
stringlengths 2
355k
|
|---|---|---|---|
44501636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927%20in%20Sweden | 1927 in Sweden | Events from the year 1927 in Sweden
Incumbents
Monarch – Gustaf V
Prime Minister – Carl Gustaf Ekman
Events
The Volvo car manufacturing company was founded in Gothenburg, as a subsidiary to the Swedish ball bearing factory AB.
Forex Bank established
The Norra Kvill National Park established.
Arts and culture
The comic strip Kronblom was created by Elov Persson
Births
30 January – Olof Palme, politician (died 1986)
30 April – Lars Hall, modern pentathlete, Olympic champion 1952 and 1956 (died 1991).
7 May – Åke Hansson, footballer
25 June – Kjell Tånnander, Swedish decathlete
22 November – Gullan Bornemark, musician
Deaths
7 July – Gösta Mittag-Leffler, mathematician (born 1846)
19 August – Johan Edman, tug-of-war competitor (born 1875).
2 October – Svante Arrhenius, scientist (born 1859)
24 December – Karl Oskar Medin, paediatrician (born 1847)
References
Years of the 20th century in Sweden |
20476815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Bwakira | Nicolas Bwakira | Nicolas Bwakira (November 10, 1941 – March 5, 2021) was a Burundian diplomat, international civil servant and pan-africanist. During his long and exemplary career, Ambassador Nicolas Bwakira took on senior roles and responsibilities at various institutions, including the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), the University of South Africa (UNISA), the African Union, the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) and the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI). Ambassador Bwakira fought the good fight as a pan-Africanist and international civil servant in the service of Africa and its people, especially for those in Namibia, Angola, Somalia and, more recently, the Lake Chad Basin. The quest for peace was his lifelong passion. From the time of his posting in Angola in 1976, he developed a special connection with southern African countries, among which Namibia. From 1976 to 1990, Namibian refugees and Namibia’s independence featured prominently in his professional career. In his role as Coordinator for the return of Namibian exiles, he was instrumental in negotiating a total blanket amnesty with the apartheid government as a condition for the return of Namibian exiles. Later, as Director for Africa (UNHCR, Geneva), he negotiated a total blanket amnesty with the apartheid government, as a pre-condition of the return of South African exiles members of liberation movements.
While a man of great stature, responsibility, and accolade, Ambassador Nicolas Bwakira embodied the highest attributes of humility, service, and commitment to addressing the needs of the most vulnerable populations. For over half a century, Ambassador Nicolas Bwakira gave himself and worked for the less fortunate, in the humanitarian field. Over the years, he mentored many selflessly. He was a pan-Africanist who left a mark which will be difficult to erase. Ambassador Bwakira’s contribution to peace and security will be enshrined in the post-independence diplomatic history of Africa.
Early life
Ambassador Nicolas Bwakira was born on November 10, 1941 in Kabuye, Mugongo-Manga Commune, Bujumbura Province. He attended primary school in Ijenda, Mugongo-Manga and went to begin secondary school at the Petit Séminaire of Mugera. He moved to Bujumbura to attend high school, first at the Athenée Royal and then at the College du Saint Esprit where he obtained his high school diploma. He was awarded a scholarship to attend university in France, where he first studied Law at the University of Nancy before moving to Paris to complete his undergraduate degree in Law at the Université de Paris, Sorbonne. He pursued graduate studies in International Public Law at the same institution. While he was a student in Paris, he participated in the demonstrations of “May 1968”.
Career at the United Nations High Commission for Refugees
Ambassador Nicolas Bwakira joined the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) at its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland as a legal advisor in 1970. He viewed this appointment as temporary and intended to return and serve his native Burundi; in the end, he would spend thirty-two years in various roles at the UNHCR. From 1971 through 1975, Ambassador Bwakira became the UNHCR deputy regional representative for Africa and head of the liaison office with the Organization of the African Unity (OAU) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. From 1976 to 1978, Ambassador Nicolas Bwakira was the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) representative in Angola and at the same the UN coordinator of humanitarian program for rehabilitation and reintegration of refugees and internally displaced persons in Angola. It was during this period that he developed a special connection with the plight of refugees and exiles in South Africa, who were fighting for their full rights and total liberation, especially in Namibia, Angola, and South Africa.
From 1978, Ambassador Nicolas Bwakira worked at the UNHCR headquarters as head of Central and West Africa Desk until 1982 when he was posted to Ethiopia again as United Nations High Commission for Refugees representative for Africa and UNECA. In 1988, Bwakira returned to the UNHCR headquarters as deputy director for Africa. The process leading to Namibia’s independence was unfolding and he was appointed the UNHCR coordinator for the return of Namibian exiles and coordinator for UN humanitarian operations in Windhoek, Namibia where he coordinated the repatriation of over 43 000 Namibians in 1989. Prior to the return of exiles, Bwakira undertook a mission to northern Namibia to assess the safety and security of returning exiles. He detested the intimidating presence and mischievous behaviours of Koevoet members who were transformed into the South West Africa Police (SWAPOL).
After leaving Namibia in 1990, Ambassador Nicolas Bwakira returned to the UNHCR headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland as director for Africa, where he was involved in the negotiations for the return of South African exiles. There, he demonstrated his negotiation talents and diplomatic acumen. In 1994, Ambassador Nicolas Bwakira was appointed UNHCR regional director for the SADC region, based in Pretoria, South Africa until his posting to the UN Headquarters in New York, US as Director of the UNHCR Office at the United Nations Headquarters. He retired from the United Nations High Commission for Refugees in 2002. Throughout his career, Ambassador Bwakira was committed to peace and the protection of refugees and asylum-seekers; his resolve to improve their lives was legendary.
Namibia Independence
Ambassador Nicolas Bwakira contributed immensely to Namibia's transition to independence, he oversaw the return of Namibia exiles in his role as UNHCR Deputy Director for Africa in 1989. Ambassador Bwakira came to Namibia in 1989 as part of the United Nations Transitional Assistance Group (UNTAG). Prior to that, Ambassador Nicolas Bwakira had interacted with Namibian refugees in Angola where he was stationed as the UNHCR representative for Angola. When the first fight carrying Namibians arrived at the then JG Strydom airport, now Hosea Kutako International Airport, Ambassador Bwakira was there to satisfy himself that exiles were safely back to their motherland. A moving picture in The Namibian newspaper of 13 June 1989 showed Ambassador Bwakira holding a hand of an exiled child, walking her to the terminal. Ambassador Bwakira performed his tasks with utmost diligence and accomplishment. His eldest daughter Carine, then a high school learner came to visit him. Carine had long known President Nujoma whom she fondly called "my President" during her father’s posting in Angola. She had the posters of President Nujoma and Che Guevara hanging in her room. During her visit to her father in 1989, Carine spent six weeks in Namibia and had an opportunity to meet “her President”.
Director of International Relations and Partnerships at UNISA
After retiring from UNHCR in 2002, Ambassador Nicolas Bwakira joined the University of South Africa (UNISA) as the Director of International Relations and Partnerships until 2007. Under the leadership of the Principal & Vice-Chancellor Dr. Barney Pityana, he helped to extend the reach of distance education to African countries, which culminated with the opening of the UNISA-Ethiopia Regional Centre in Addis-Ababa and the establishment of the South Sudan civil servant training program. Ambassador Bwakira went on to serve on the international advisory board for the South Sudan Center for Strategic and Policy Studies (CSPS), a think-tank institution that aspires to be a leading research institution in the region and internationally in the fields of strategic and policy studies.
African Union Special Envoy to Somalia and Head of AMISOM
From 2007 to 2009, Ambassador Bwakira was appointed as the Special Envoy of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission to Somalia and Head of the African Union Mission in Somalia AMISOM. His efforts in mediation between different Somali stakeholders and mobilizing the international community to support the restoration of peace in Somalia have had a lasting impact. In very trying circumstances, he strategically positioned the Mission for the daunting tasks it was set to perform. This ensured the Liberation of the capital Mogadishu and the consolidation of the position of the fledgling Somali state institutions in the ensuing years. AMISOM remembers Ambassador Bwakira for his mediatory role between the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia and other Somali stakeholders and his tireless effort in mobilizing regional and continental leaders and the international community at large, to better understand the plight of the Somali People and generously support the efforts for the restoration of peace and security in the country.
Roles as Advisor and Trustee
Upon stepping down from his distinguished career with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, and having served as the African Union Special Envoy for Somalia, in addition to numerous other roles, Ambassador Bwakira joined the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) as a Senior Advisor in 2014. His diplomatic prowess, extensive network, and a humanitarian spirit paired with sensitivity for advancing gender equality and engaging with youth as a new generation of peace-makers incomparably contributed to advancing CMI’s mediation and dialogue efforts in the African continent. Ambassador Bwakira was passionate about women empowerment; seeing men and women as equal partners in the quest for peace was particularly dear to his heart, and a fundamental principle for work. Ambassador Bwakira worked for many years to support women’s leadership in the South Sudan's fragile peace process. He also contributed significantly to CMI’s dialogue efforts in Central African Republic and the Lake Chad Basin and in solidifying CMI’s partnerships with the African Union and sub-regional institution.
Ambassador Bwakira was also a long-standing member of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) Board of Trustees where he consistently advocated for those in Africa who are marginalized and vulnerable. He is remembered by the ISS colleagues for his inquisitive mind and energy, his meticulous preparations, and contribution to the work of the ISS.
Ambassador Bwakira was a member of the Africa Humanitarian Action (AHA) international Board of Trustees since its inception in 1994, offering his counsel tirelessly up until his formal retirement from the board at AHA's 25th anniversary in 2019. During the AHA's 25th anniversary markings held in Kigali, Rwanda, Ambassador Bwakira delivered the event's closing remarks, highlighting the role of African NGOs and the need for strengthened solidarity and collaboration between all stakeholders to find durable solutions to forced displacement in Africa. Ambassador Bwakira was a thoughtful and meticulous person, a humanitarian at heart and an ardent pan-Africanist. His voice and committed support for African NGOs, as a critical component in the humanitarian sector will be greatly missed.
References
1941 births
2021 deaths
Burundian diplomats |
44501638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Partida%20Guzm%C3%A1n | Martha Partida Guzmán | Martha Rocío Partida Guzmán (born 12 January 1978) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. From 2008 to 2009 she served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Nayarit.
References
1978 births
Living people
Politicians from Nayarit
Women members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians
21st-century Mexican women politicians |
23576842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheung%20Wing-fat | Cheung Wing-fat | Cheung Wing-fat (), also known as Mars (), is a Hong Kong actor, action director, stuntman and martial artist. He is one of Jackie Chan's best friends.
Early life
Cheung Wing-fat was born in Hong Kong in 1954. He got the nickname "Weird Fire Star" after being involved in a car accident leaving him with two scars on his head. While working as a stuntman on a film in Thailand he got promoted to a supporting actor and needed a stage name. He picked "Mars" based on his nickname. He became a student of Madame Fan Fok Wah (粉菊花, aka Fen Juhua) in The Spring and Autumn Drama School. He practiced every day from 5am to 9pm.
Film career
Mars started acting in 1966 at the age of 12. He started out as an extra and later in supporting roles. Lackey and the Lady Tiger (1980) is only the film in which he played the leading role.
In 1971, Mars got his nickname "Mars" from a stunt co-ordinator who suggested it to him since his nickname on stage was Martian Monster, and he ended up with the name Mars after filming The Rescue.
In 1979, he joined the Jackie Chan Stunt Team and focused more on being a stuntman and action director rather than an actor. Being a very close friend of Chan, Mars has worked with Chan in numerous films starting with The Young Master (1980). He played a major supporting role in Chan's hit films, Project A, Project A II, Police Story and Police Story 2. Mars also had minor villain roles in Chan's other hit films, Crime Story, Drunken Master II and Thunderbolt. He also acted in many of Chan's other films and was also a stuntman in his films.
Ever since working in Jackie Chan's 1996 film Mr. Nice Guy, he has been using his real name instead. He had become a senior member in both Jackie Chan's and Sammo Hung's stunt team.
Filmography
Young and Furious (Part 1) (1966) - young child (uncredited)
The Golden Cup, the Wandering Dragon and the Decree to Kill (1966) - young child
The Monkey Goes West (1966) - Little Underwater Turtle Demon Child
The Golden Cup and the Wandering Dragon (1966) - young child (extra)
Come Drink With Me (1966) - one of the little kids (uncredited)
The One Armed-Swordsman (1967) - street kid that gets mask stolen
Blue Skies (1967) - musical troupe dancing child (extra)
Golden Swallow (1968) - Chang Shun's son
The Rescue (1971) - Tartar soldier (extra)
The Eunuch (1971) - soldier (extra) / (uncredited)
Trilogy of Swordsmanship (1972) - Shi's soldier fellow (cameo)
The Black Tavern (1972) - Officer Hai's servant
The Casino (1972) - casino thug (extra) (uncredited) / stunts (uncredited)
The Hurricane (1972) - Neng's thug / stunts
The Brutal Boxer (1972) - Chin / stunts
Tough Guy (1972) - extra (uncredited)
Fist of Fury (1972) - Japanese Person (uncredited) / stunts
Fist of Unicorn (1972) - Stuttering boy
Back Alley Princess (1973) - extra (uncredited)
Honor and Love (1973) - cameo
Dynamite Brothers (1973) - Tuen's henchman in the final fight (uncredited) / stunts (uncredited)
Fist to Fist (1973) - extra (uncredited)
Enter the Dragon (1973) - Han traitor (uncredited) / stunts (uncredited)
The Rendezvous of Warriors (1973) - extra (uncredited)
The Awaken Punch (1973) - (uncredited)
Little Tiger of Canton (1973) - cameo / stunts (as Fo Sing)
The Bastard (1973) - Gu's thug (extra) / stunts
The Rats (1973) - cameo
Village on Fire (1973)
The Young Tiger (1973) - Angry Thug in army pants (as Huo Hsing)
Ambush (1973) - Lao Er of Ximen Tigers
Village of Tigers (1974) - Ba clan member
Virgins of the Seven Seas (1974) - Pirate killed on ship
The Thunder Kick (1974) - (as Fo Sing)
The Shaolin Boxer (1974) - Chuan's student
Supermen Against the Orient (1974) - Thug (uncredited) / stunts
Super Kung Fu Kid (1974) - cameo / stunts
Village of Tigers (1974) - Hero Bao's Friend
Bloody Ring (1974) - cameo
The Mandarin Magician (1974) - (as Fo Sing)
The Skyhawk (1974) - woodland attacker / stunts (as Fo Sing)
The Bod Squad (1974) - (as Huo Shing)
Hong Kong Superman (1975) - extra(uncredited) / cameo / stunts
The Young Dragons (1975) - Lui Fu's thug / stunts
The Valiant Ones (1975) - Japanese swordsman pirate
The Golden Lion (1975) - Golden Lion gang member
Bruce Lee and I (1976) - Little Boy
Bruce Lee - True Story (1976) - Charlie
The Private Eyes (1976) - robber (as Fo Sing)
The Magic Blade (1976) - stunts
Shaolin Plot (1977) - Monk (as Fo Sing)
Last Strike (1977) - extra (uncredited)
The Iron Fisted Monk (1977) - Shu-Liu worker
Broken Oath (1977) - One of Chou's Guards
Soul Brothers of Kung Fu (1977) - cameo
The Pilferer's Progress (1977) - Hitman
He Has Nothing But Kung Fu (1977)
Strife for Mastery (1977) - cameo / stunts
The Amsterdam Kill (1977) - cameo
Enter the Fat Dragon (1978) - opening dream sequence fighter / stunts
Strike and Sword (1978) - thug
Bruce Li - The Invincible Chinatown Connection (1978) - teacher with mask
Warriors Two (1978) - Thunder's men/Civilian (2 roles) / stunts
The Legendary Strike (1978)Game of Death (1978) - Thug (extra) (uncredited) / stunts / stunt doubleIron Maiden - (as Fo Sing)Dirty Tiger, Crazy Frog (1978) - 3 Tricks Kid partner / Casino FighterNaked Comes the Huntress (1978) - MonkFists and Guts (1979) - extra (uncredited)Last Hurrah for Chivalry (1979) - Pak Chung Tong's manHis Name Is Nobody (1979) - person in restaurant (cameo)The Challenger (1979) - Fair croupier (as Fo Sing)Odd Couple (1979) - PotatoCrazy Couple (1979) - extra (uncredited) / stuntsThe Wickedness in Poverty (1979) - Toilet waste carrier (cameo)The Incredible Kung Fu Master (1979) - one of Yang Wei's men (cameo) / stunts Crazy Partner (1979) - cameoThe Dragon, the Hero (1979) - Defeated Fighter (cameo) / stuntsKnockabout (1979) - Tiger (as Fo Sing)Itchy Fingers (1979) - Mr Liu's thug / stunts (uncredited)Lackey and the Lady Tiger (1980) - Big BrotherThe Young Master (1980) - extra (uncredited) / stunts (uncredited)The Legal Illegal (1981) - cameoReturn of the Deadly Blade (1981) - One of the Tun brothersGame of Death II (1981) - guard in the cave / stunts (uncredited)Dragon Lord (1982) - Chin / CowboyThe Trail (1983) - Fatty / action director / stunt co-ordinatorProject A (1983) - Mars / Jaws / stunts / stunt double for Jackie Chan / assistant action directorWinners and Sinners (1983) - Robber stealing Archie's briefcase (cameo)Wheels on Meals (1984) - extra (uncredited) / action director / stunt co-ordinator / stunt double for Jackie ChanPom Pom (1984) - Motorcycle Cop (cameo)The Protector - martial arts co-ordinator
Police Story (1985) - Inspector Kim / action director / stunt unit / stunts (uncredited)
Armour of God (1986) - extra (uncredited) / stunts(uncredited) / stunt double for Jackie Chan (uncredited)
Naughty Boys (1986) - Sheng
Project A Part II (1987) - Mars / Jaws / stunts / stunt double for Jackie Chan / action director
Magic Story (1987) - Taoist priest
The Inspector Wears Skirts (1988) - Member of Tiger Squad
Spooky, Spooky (1988) - East Bay Cop Mars
Police Story 2 (1988) - Inspector Kim
Dragons Forever (1988) - stunts / stunt double for Benny Urquidez
Miracles (1989) - Police Sergeant / stunts
The Inspector Wears Skirts II (1989) - Mars
Undeclared War (1990) - Tiger (as Fo Sing) / stunts
Stage Door Johnny (1990) - Kuo
The Banquet (1991) - Man at Table (as Sing Feng)
Armour of God II: Operation Condor (1991) - extra (uncredited) / stunts (uncredited)
Angry Ranger (1991) - extra (uncredited) / stunts
Twin Dragons (1992) - Street Goon (uncredited) / stunts (uncredited)
Police Story 3: Super Cop (1992) - Hsiung (uncredited) / stunts (uncredited)
Crime Story (1993) - Bank Robber (uncredited) / stunts
Once a Cop (1993) - Jewelry store customer (as Fo Sing) / stunts (uncredited)
Drunken Master II (1994) - Fight Spectator in the crowd/Thug in final fight (2 roles)(uncredited) / stunts (as Fo Sing) / assistant action director
The Wrath of Silence (1994) - Detective / action director
Red Zone (1995) - Prison Guard with Food
Thunderbolt (1995) - Saw's thug (uncredited) / stunts (as Chiang Wing Fat)
Rumble in the Bronx (1995) - stunts (uncredited)
How to Meet the Lucky Stars (1996) - Mahjong Player / action director
Police Story 4: First Strike (1996) - stunts (uncredited) / stunt double for Jackie Chan (uncredited)
Once Upon a Time in China and America (1997) - extra (uncredited) / stunts (as Chiang Wing Fat)
Mr. Nice Guy (1997) - extra (uncredited) / stunts (as Chiang Wing Fat) / stunt double for Jackie Chan / action director
Double Team (1997) - stunts (uncredited)
Till Death Do Us Part (1998) - Bill's man / stunts
Rush Hour (1998) - Juntao's Man in Hong Kong (uncredited) / stunts (uncredited)
Knock Off (1998) - stunts (uncredited) / assistant action director (uncredited)
Gorgeous (1999) - Masked Metal Bat Thug (uncredited) / stunts (uncredited)
Jackie Chan: My Stunts (1999) - Himself (Jackie Chan Stunt Team) / stunts (uncredited)
Moonlight Express (1999) - Officer Tung's detective
No Problem (1999) - cameo / stunts
Prostitute Killers (2000) - One of Brother Shark's men / stunts
Rush Hour 2 (2001) - extra (uncredited) / stunts (uncredited)
Virtues of Harmony (TV series) (2002) - Chan Wan (cameo)
Born Wild (2001) - action director
Inner Senses (2002) - action director
No Problem 2 (2002) - stunts (as Jiang Wing-Fat) / assistant action director
Give Them a Chance (2003) - action director
Shanghai Knights (2003) - Torch Thug (uncredited) / stunts (uncredited)
Around the World in 80 Days (2004) - Scorpion / stunts (uncredited)
New Police Story (2004) - extra (uncredited) / stunts (uncredited)
Kung Fu Mahjong 3 - The Final Duel (2007) - Uncle Pao / action director
Bullet & Brain (2007) - Inspector Wong / action director
I Corrupt All Cops (2009) - Det. Sgt Major at meeting / action director
72 Tenants of Prosperity (2010) - action director
The Other Truth (TV series) (2011) - Lo Yiu Fat (Episode 20–25)
When Heaven Burns (TV series) (2011) - Leslie (cameo) (Episode 10)
Brother's Keeper (TV series) (2013) - Brother Babi
Bet Hur (TV series) (2017) - Slaughter city bodyguard
See also
Jackie Chan Stunt Team
Jackie Chan
References
External links
Hong Kong Cinemagic: Mars
Mars
1954 births
Living people
Hong Kong male film actors
Hong Kong martial artists |
20476830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowe%20Lake | Mowe Lake | Mowe Lake is a lake that is located in northern Delta County, Michigan in the Hiawatha National Forest. It is just south of the county line with Alger and Schoolcraft countries and about a half mile north of trail 2225 on trail 2692 (commonly referred to as Mowe Lake Road) passed the small ponds. There are primitive campsites and a small boat launch. Other nearby lakes include Hugaboom Lake, Blue Lake, Corner-Straits Chain of lakes, Ironjaw Lake, and Round Lake.
See also
List of lakes in Michigan
References
Lakes of Delta County, Michigan
Lakes of Michigan |
20476846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwakira | Bwakira | Bwakira may refer to:
Nicholas Bwakira, a Burundian diplomat
Bwakira, Rwanda, a town in Western Province, Rwanda |
44501639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah%20Vance | Elijah Vance | Elijah Vance (1801–1871) was a Democratic politician from Butler County, Ohio. He was Speaker of the Ohio Senate in 1835 and 1836.
Elijah Vance was born at Bel Air, Maryland on February 1, 1801. He came to Ohio in 1816, and lived at Cincinnati. He moved to Lebanon, Ohio in 1821. He studied law under Francis Dunlavy, and was admitted to the bar in 1826. He moved to Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio and practiced law.
Vance was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives from Butler County for the 31st and 32nd General Assemblies, (1832 to 1834). He was elected to the Ohio Senate for the 33rd to 36th General Assemblies, (1834 to 1838). For the 34th and 35th General Assemblies, (1835 to 1837), he was President of the Ohio Senate.
Vance was Prosecuting Attorney of Butler County from 1839 to 1843, and was elected Common Pleas Judge in 1843. In 1850, he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention. He was prosecuting attorney again from 1865 to 1870. He was also a member of the local board of education, and a trustee of Miami University.
Vance died January 11, 1871. He is buried at Greenwood Cemetery (Hamilton, Ohio).
Notes
References
Ohio Constitutional Convention (1850)
Presidents of the Ohio State Senate
Members of the Ohio House of Representatives
Miami University trustees
Politicians from Hamilton, Ohio
19th-century American politicians
1801 births
1871 deaths
County district attorneys in Ohio
Burials at Greenwood Cemetery (Hamilton, Ohio) |
23576855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro%20Gaxiola | Álvaro Gaxiola | Juan Álvaro José Gaxiola Robles (26 January 1937 – 18 August 2003) was a Mexican diver. He competed at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Olympics in the 3 m springboard and 10 m platform and won a silver medal in the platform in 1968, in Mexico City. He also finished fourth in the springboard in 1960.
Gaxiola lived for many years in the United States and returned to Mexico only in the 1990s. He competed in diving for Ann Arbor High School and then for the University of Michigan, where he studied civil engineering.
Gaxiola died of cancer in his native Guadalajara, aged 66. He was survived by wife Sylvia Wydell and three children, Ingi, Michelle, and Annika.
References
1937 births
2003 deaths
Mexican male divers
Olympic silver medalists for Mexico
Sportspeople from Guadalajara, Jalisco
Divers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Divers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Divers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic divers of Mexico
Michigan Wolverines men's swimmers
Olympic medalists in diving
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games gold medalists for Mexico
Pan American Games silver medalists for Mexico
Pan American Games medalists in diving
Divers at the 1963 Pan American Games
Divers at the 1959 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1959 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1963 Pan American Games |
23576863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971%E2%80%9372%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 1971–72 Libyan Premier League | The 1971–72 Libyan Premier League was the 8th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963.
Overview
It was contested by 11 teams, and Al-Ahly (Benghazi) won the championship.
League standings
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
Libya
Premier League |
20476859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rustam%20Saparow | Rustam Saparow | Rustam Saparov (born April 10, 1978) is a retired Turkmenistani footballer.
Career
During 2007, Saparov played 14 times for Uzbek League club FC Nasaf.
Career statistics
International
Scores and results list Uzbekistan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Saparow goal.
References
External links
Living people
1978 births
Turkmenistan footballers
2004 AFC Asian Cup players
Turkmenistan international footballers
Association football midfielders |
20476877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otoe%20Reservation | Otoe Reservation | The Otoe Reservation was a twenty-four square-mile section straddling the Kansas-Nebraska state line. The majority of the reservation sat in modern-day southeast Jefferson County, Nebraska.
As early as 1834, the Oto relinquished land to the government in fulfillment of a treaty. It extended two miles (3 km) south of the state line its full length, into Washington and Marshall counties, Kansas. In Nebraska it extended into Jefferson County, which was earlier called Jones County, and Gage County. Altogether it comprised 250 sections totaling . The Glenwood, Paddock, Liberty Township and Barneston Townships are wholly within the historic boundaries of the reservation. It also included sections of the Elm, Sicily, Wymore, and Island Grove Townships.
Although the Oto were originally located throughout southeastern Nebraska, their main town was once located along the Platte River near present-day Plattsmouth in the eastern part of the state. The Moses Merrill Mission was located in this area. When the Nebraska Territory was formed in 1854, the Oto resigned their remaining land claim with the exception of a section near the Big Blue River. This became the Otoe Reservation.
In 1879, a new treaty with the federal government gave it the legal control to allow the Otoe to sell the reservation for tribal annuities, and relocate to "Indian country"Oklahoma. In the fall of 1882, the rest of the tribe moved to Red Rock, Oklahoma, the reservation was disbanded, and the "undeveloped" land was put for sale. The few remaining Otoes were of mixed background and quickly integrated with the new settlers, most notably the Barnes's of French and Otoe background.
On May 31, 1883, of the Oto and Missouri Indian Reservation in Kansas and Nebraska were opened for settlement at a public sale. When the Oto were removed, the southeast corner of Jefferson County was opened to settlement and the community of Diller was formed.
In 1886 the tribe shared an agent with several other local tribes, including the Ponca and Pawnee. The agency was located on the Oto Reservation. The present-day town of Barneston was settled at the site of one of the largest Oto villages through the 19th century. The Indian agency and a trading post were located there. Barneston was founded by a French fur trapper who married to an Oto woman.
See also
Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians
Native American tribes in Nebraska
Notes
Otoe
Former American Indian reservations in Nebraska
Jefferson County, Nebraska
Gage County, Nebraska
Washington County, Kansas
Marshall County, Kansas |
20476906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leighton%20Hall%2C%20Lancashire | Leighton Hall, Lancashire | Leighton Hall is a historic house to the west of Yealand Conyers, Lancashire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.
History
It was the seat of the 1642–1673 Middleton Baronetcy of Sir George Middleton, who was High Sheriff of Lancashire for 1661. He was succeeded by his grandson, George Middleton Oldfield, who died at the hall in 1708. It then passed to his son-in-law Albert Hodgson, who had married Oldfield's daughter Dorothy. Hodgson became involved in the Jacobite rising of 1715, during which he was taken prisoner, and the house burnt with Hodgson's possessions confiscated. When the hall was sold at public auction in 1722 it was bought by a friend, a Mr Winkley from Preston, who allowed Hodgson to live in the partly ruined house after his eventual release from prison. The estate then came into the possession of wealthy George Towneley of Towneley Hall in Burnley, through his marriage to Hodgson's daughter Mary in the 1750s.
The present house was built for Towneley in 1759–61 in Georgian style to a design by John Hird, and the woods replanted and park laid out in 1763. The couple had no children, and the estate was inherited by George's nephew John, who sold it 1805. In 1822 the property came into the possession of Richard Gillow, the grandson of furniture manufacturer Robert Gillow, who Gothicized the façade in 1822–25 using local white limestone. In 1870 his son, Richard Thomas Gillow, commissioned the Lancaster architects Paley and Austin to add a three-storey wing containing a billiard room below, and guest rooms above. Richard died in 1906, leaving the hall in a neglected condition and was succeeded by his grandson, Charles Richard Gillow, who died in 1923. Charles' widow continued to live at the hall until her own death in 1966 at the age of 96. The property then passed via her daughter Helen to her grandson, Richard Gillow Reynolds who, with his wife Susan, is the current owner.
In October 2021, the building was one of 142 sites across England to receive part of a £35-million injection into the government's Culture Recovery Fund.
The hall was featured in the 1984 ITV TV adaptation of the Sherlock Holmes story The Adventure of the Dancing Men, as Ridling Thorp Manor.
See also
Grade II* listed buildings in Lancashire
Listed buildings in Yealand Conyers
List of non-ecclesiastical works by Paley and Austin
Notes
This work has been attributed to Robert Roper.
References
External links
Leighton Hall – official website
The DiCamillo Companion – history
IMDb – movies and TV
Country houses in Lancashire
Grade II* listed buildings in Lancashire
Grade II* listed houses
Houses completed in 1761
Houses completed in 1870
Georgian architecture in England
Gothic Revival architecture in Lancashire
Historic house museums in Lancashire
Gardens in Lancashire
Buildings and structures in the City of Lancaster
Paley and Austin buildings
1761 establishments in England |
44501641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%202003%20European%20Youth%20Summer%20Olympic%20Festival | Athletics at the 2003 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival | The athletics competition at the 2003 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival was held from 28 to 31 July. The events took place at the Charléty Stadium in Paris, France. Boys and girls born 1986 or 1987 or later participated 31 track and field events, with similar programmes for the sexes with the exception of no steeplechase event for girls.
Medal summary
Men
Women
References
Results
2003 European Youth Olympics. World Junior Athletics History. Retrieved on 2014-11-24.
European Youth Olympics. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-11-24.
2003 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival
European Youth Summer Olympic Festival
2003
2003 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival
2003 European Youth Summer Olympics Festival |
44501642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Corson%20Niederman | James Corson Niederman | James Corson Niederman (born November 27, 1924) is an American epidemiologist whose research identified the Epstein-Barr virus as the cause of infectious mononucleosis in a study published in 1968.
Early life and education
James Corson Niederman was born on November 27, 1924, in Hamilton, Ohio. He graduated from Kenyon College in 1946, and received his medical degree from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 1949. Currently, he is a residential college associate at the Yale School of Public Health.
Medical research
Beginning in the late 1950s, Dr. Niederman and Robert W. McCollum collected sera from Yale University freshmen. Students who tested positive for EBV antibodies never developed infectious mononucleosis (IM). The pre-illness samples of students, who later developed infectious mononucleosis tested negative for EBV antibodies. Therefore, the presence of EBV antibodies indicated immunity from infectious mononucleosis. The study demonstrated that EBV is not simply a passenger virus, it is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis. This was a remarkable discovery, since at the time the cause of IM was a mystery.
See also
Epstein-Barr virus
References
Living people
1924 births
American public health doctors
American virologists
Kenyon College alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Yale University faculty
Yale School of Medicine faculty
People from Bethany, Connecticut |
44501663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leticia%20Avil%C3%A9s | Leticia Avilés | Leticia Avilés is an Ecuadoran evolutionary biologist and ecologist who studies the evolution of social behavior and the evolution of life history traits in metapopulations. Her methods include a combination of theory and empirical work, the latter using social spiders as a model system. Her research on these organisms has addressed questions such as why some spiders live in groups, why do they exhibit highly female-biased sex ratios, and why have they evolved a system where individuals remain in the natal nest to mate from generation to generation.
Career
Avilés is perhaps best known for having recognized the importance of social spiders as model systems to address basic questions in ecology and evolution. In the process she discovered a number of social spiders previously unknown to science, including a nomadic social spider whose colonies reproduce by fission—Aebutina binotata, a social lynx spider—Tapinillus sp., and a social theridiid whose colonies exhibit a boom and bust pattern of growth and adult females occur in two distinct size classes—Theridion nigroannulatum. Her theoretical work has addressed questions such as the importance of multilevel selection in the evolution of female-biased sex ratios, why strongly inbred systems may evolve, and the importance of ecology and nonlinear dynamics in social evolution. One of Avilés's theoretical papers addresses the question of how cooperation among nonrelatives can be maintained despite the presence of freeloaders. Today, Avilés is a professor in the Department of Zoology at the University of British Columbia in Canada, where she does research in ecology and evolution.
Education
Avilés is a native of Ecuador.
Undergraduate: Licentiate in Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito.
Ph.D: Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 1992.
Postdoctoral Fellow: Research Training Group in the Analysis of Biological Diversification, University of Arizona, 1992–1994.
Awards
2001 Fellow Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin for Research
1992 Young Investigator Award, American Society of Naturalists for Research
References
Further reading
"Department of Zoology." Leticia Avilés. University of British Columbia, 20 May 2014. Web. 19 Oct. 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231221/http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/person/laviles
"Avilés Laboratory". UBC Biodiversity Research Center, n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. http://blogs.ubc.ca/avileslab/.
"USA Science & Engineering Festival – Role Models in Science & Engineering Achievement." Leticia Avilés. USA Science and Engineering Festival, 2012. Web. 18 Oct. 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140730232132/http://www.usasciencefestival.org/schoolprograms/2014-role-models-in-science-engineering/1065-leticia-aviles.html
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Ecuadorian biologists
Ecuadorian women scientists
Women evolutionary biologists
Harvard University alumni
University of Arizona alumni
21st-century Ecuadorian women |
20476907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspector%20General%20of%20the%20Department%20of%20State | Inspector General of the Department of State | The inspector general of the Department of State heads the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of State and is responsible for detecting and investigating waste, fraud, abuse, and mismanagement in the United States Department of State. In the department, the inspector general has a rank equivalent to assistant secretary.
List of inspectors general of the Department of State
Obama and Trump administrations
Harold W. Geisel served as acting inspector general during Hillary Clinton's service as Secretary of State., which lasted until February 1, 2013. There was no permanent inspector general at the State Department while Clinton was Secretary, nor did President Barack Obama nominate anyone for that position. Later in 2013, Obama nominated Steve A. Linick, and the Senate confirmed Linick to the role.
Linick served as inspector general for the balance of Obama's term, continuing into the presidency of Donald Trump. On Friday, May 15, 2020 at 10 p.m., the White House announced that Linick had been removed. The White House said Trump had dismissed Linick at the request of Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. Linick had been conducting several investigations into actions by Pompeo. Trump appointed Stephen Akard, who was concurrently serving as the director of the State Department's Office of Foreign Missions, as acting inspector general. Akard served as acting inspector general less than three months before resigning. Deputy Inspector General Diana Shaw then became acting inspector general.
References
External links
State Department Historian on the Inspector General of the Department of State
Inspector General's Website
United States Department of State agencies
State Department |
44501674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efra%C3%ADn%20Pe%C3%B1a%20Damacio | Efraín Peña Damacio | Efraín Peña Damacio (born 10 July 1964) is a Mexican politician from the Party of the Democratic Revolution. From 2008 to 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Guerrero.
References
1964 births
Living people
Politicians from Guerrero
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Party of the Democratic Revolution politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians |
20476929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martti%20Olavi%20Siirala | Martti Olavi Siirala | Martti Olavi Siirala (November 24, 1922 – August 18, 2008) was a Finnish psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and philosopher. He was inspired by psychoanalysis, the anthropological medicine of Viktor von Weizsäcker and the existential philosophy of Martin Heidegger. The outcome was a unique synthesis theory that Siirala called social pathology.
Siirala studied psychoanalysis in Zürich under the guidance of Medard Boss and Gustav Bally. There he met also colleague and lifetime friend Gaetano Benedetti. Siirala was also the founding member of Finnish Therapeia-foundation, an alternative psychoanalytic training institute established 1958. Especially in the early years Siirala was actually the principal of the foundation, both at a theoretical and practical level.
Anthropological basis
In the tradition of philosophical anthropology man is seen as a unity. No sharp distinction is to be seen between body and soul. Also man is seen as member of his society, believing that one needs contacts to others for his own welfare. Siirala accepted these theses, mostly under the influence of von Weiszäcker.
Siirala saw human illness as meaningful reactions to the patient's life situations, both present and past. Also Siirala considered bodily and mental illnesses as alternative reactions. Mentally ill people he described as placeless, meaning that they have no real place among other men, their acceptance or respect. The origins of problems of this kind Siirala saw as mostly social.
Handling children with problems in speech development in Medicine in Metamorphosis, Siirala's attitude comes clear. Here we can think about the symptom of stuttering. From traditional point of view there is child who tries to speak, but some, probably neurological problem disturbs this process. From Siirala's point it is just that this child stutters, speak this way, and he does this as a total reaction of his whole life situation: 'A child is born into a family and a national and human network that extends across the generations'.
Social pathology
In modern psychiatry there is a tradition of returning patient's illness back to one specific reason. Sometimes this cause is to be found in genetics, sometimes elsewhere. From Siirala's point of view there is not a single cause but rather a net of causes: hence his opposition to what he called 'the delusion that we have reduced diseases to mere object-things, entities that can be studied in isolation...the delusion of reductive reification'. Tracking these causes starts from man, but leads to his social environment, in the end to the whole society.
Freud thought psychological symptoms to be overdeterminded. It can be said that Siirala took the idea but expanded it to social field. For some patient we may think maybe of genetic fault or traumatic childhood. But we must think also patients parents childhood, the phenomena of transgenerational transmission, the teachers and social workers who have ignored the problem and so on.
Siirala distinguishes two major factors in this collective pathology. The first is the delusional possession of reality. By that Siirala means an attitude where one's own assumptions are considered the only one, a position where things are already known - so there seems to be no real need to orient towards the subject. Thus for Siirala 'a central feature of the delusions of the healthy seems to be the unconscious assumption that they possess reality, the criteria of what is worth notice'.
The second is often latent despair, a hopelessness attitude. These factors can be seen for example in the history of psychiatry. Some decades ago it was already known that schizophrenia is an incurable state or condition. Therefore no real therapeutic actions were done, and patients stayed ill: a Self-fulfilling prophecy.
Siirala wrote here about transfer, a social pathological formation of non-articulated life. When there is no room to people to react to problems they encounter, it has effects that harm the whole society. However, these transfers or burdens are not delivered equally. On the contrary, they often fall on the shoulders of this or that particular person, who then becomes ill. Here, Siirala maintains, the mentally or physically ill one - the Identified patient - gets ill for his society. In Siirala's view, then, 'many symptoms of schizophrenia may be precipitated by...the people around him, in an attempt to overcome tendencies in him which disturb their view of reality. This, as with many of Siirala's writings, is disturbing and provocative...[but] can never be healthily ignored'. The corollary is that the real subject of illness is not therefore the particular individual who is driven into isolation - "placelessness" - but the society that has driven him there.
Siirala has accordingly been linked with figures like Harold Searles or Harry Stack Sullivan in his belief that the delusions of patients are 'expressions that reflect what has been dissociated, hidden, and overlooked in life'. A similar link appears in 'the psychological literature on Invisible Loyalties (Boszormenyi-Nagi & Spark 1973) and anonymous social burdens (Siirala, M. 1983)'.
Psychotherapy
Siirala calls therapy the new, sharing transfer of social burden. The so-called transference of psychoanalysis is seen not only as projecting feelings to the therapist, but also as the sharing of this burden. Thus 'in order to be creative, the therapist must identify himself with the patient, share his sufferings so that he attains his goal'. This may also cause some pain to the therapist, but can at the same time make things happen that are at first sight impossible. Epistemologically Siirala stresses that therapist must keep all possibilities open, and not hang on to some preconceived theory like the oedipal theory of psychoanalysis.
In many points Siirala comes close to Ronald David Laing, a famous anti-psychiatrist from the 1960s. Indeed the work, 'Medicine in Metamorphosis' was published originally in a series edited by Laing. Both were interested in social origins of schizophrenia. On the other hand, Siirala never stops considering his patients as ill. Also he sees that they need the right kind of psychiatric treatment to gain again some kind of place among other men.
See also
Parentification
References
Selected bibliography
Die Schizophrenie des Einzelnen und Der Allgemenheit. Wanderhoek & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1961.
Medicine in metamorphosis. Tavistock, London 1969.
From Transfer to Transference. Therapeia-Foundation, Helsinki 1983.
Further reading
Ihanus, Juhani: Controversies and Conflicts in the Institution of "Open" Psychoanalysis: Cases from the History of the Therapeia Foundation. International Forum of Psychoanalysis. Vol. 11, N. 4, pp. 256–263, 2002.
Ihanus, Juhani: Vastaanottoja: Therapeia 40 vuotta. In Finnish. Therapeia, Helsinki 2000.
Ihanus, Juhani & Siltala, Pirkko: Martti Siirala (November 24, 1922 – August 18, 2008): A seeker of human understanding and a unique language. International Forum of Psychoanalysis. Vol. 20, N. 2, pp. 119–124, 2011.
External links
Therapeia Foundation
German publisher
1922 births
2008 deaths
People from Liperi
20th-century Finnish philosophers
Psychoanalysts
Existentialists
Finnish psychiatrists
Philosophical anthropology |
44501715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971%20Labour%20Party%20deputy%20leadership%20election | 1971 Labour Party deputy leadership election | The 1971 Labour Party deputy leadership election took place in November 1971 after left-wingers Michael Foot and Tony Benn challenged sitting deputy leader Roy Jenkins.
Candidates
Roy Jenkins, incumbent Deputy Leader, Member of Parliament for Birmingham Stechford
Michael Foot, Shadow Leader of the House of Commons, Member of Parliament for Ebbw Vale
Tony Benn, Chairman of the Labour Party, Member of Parliament for Bristol East
Results
As a result of the first round, Benn was eliminated. The remaining two candidates were left to face each other in a second round a week later.
Sources
http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~tquinn/labour_party_deputy.htm
1971
Labour Party deputy leadership
Tony Benn
Labour Party deputy leadership election |
20476981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arif%20Mirzo%C3%BDew | Arif Mirzoýew | Arif Mirzoýew (born January 13, 1980) is a professional Turkmen football player, currently playing for FC Altyn Asyr.
International career statistics
Goals for Senior National Team
References
Living people
1980 births
Turkmenistan footballers
Turkmenistan expatriate footballers
Turkmenistan international footballers
2004 AFC Asian Cup players
Sportspeople from Ashgabat
Footballers at the 2002 Asian Games
Association football forwards
Asian Games competitors for Turkmenistan
Expatriate footballers in Azerbaijan
Expatriate footballers in Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan expatriate sportspeople in Azerbaijan
Turkmenistan expatriate sportspeople in Uzbekistan
Neftçi PFK players
Qarabağ FK players
FC Nisa Aşgabat players
FK Dinamo Samarqand players |
23576876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codes%20in%20the%20Clouds | Codes in the Clouds | Codes in the Clouds are an English post-rock band formed in July 2007. Consisting of Dartford, Kent natives Stephen Peeling, Ciaran Morahan, Jack Major and Joe Power, the group's music is instrumental post-rock. They are signed with the independent London-based label Erased Tapes Records.
Discography
Studio albums
Paper Canyon (2009)
Paper Canyon Recycled (2010)
As the Spirit Wanes (2011)
Codes in the Clouds (2019)
Piano Re-Works (2020)
Demos and EPs
Distant Street Lights / Fractures (2007)
Members
Stephen Peeling (guitar)
Ciaran Morahan (guitar)
Jack Major (drums)
Joe Power (bass)
Pete Lambrou (guitar)
See also
List of post-rock bands
References
External links
Facebook page
Bandcamp page
Tumblr site
Musical groups established in 2007
English post-rock groups
Erased Tapes Records artists
2007 establishments in England |
20476982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermedia%20%28disambiguation%29 | Intermedia (disambiguation) | Intermedia is a concept in the arts.
Intermedia, "across multiple channels" in Latin, may refer to:
Intermedia (hypertext), a hypertext system at Brown University
InterMedia Partners, a private equity investment firm focused on leveraged buyout and growth capital investments in the media sector
Intermedia (production company), a film studio
InterMedia Entertainment Company, a production company founded by Fred Silverman in 1982, later renamed The Fred Silverman Company
European research Network of Excellence, project INTERMEDIA-NoE (2006–10 – 2010–09)
Intermedia (artists' association), formerly a loose association of Vancouver artists; founded in 1967 by Jack Shadbolt, Glenn Lewis, and others
InterMedia, Russia's international media news agency
and also:
División Intermedia, the second-tier football league in Paraguay
Kansai Intermedia, a Japanese company broadcasting the FM radio FM Cocolo
La intermedia, a rural municipality and village in Jujuy Province in Argentina
Oracle interMedia, a feature providing multimedia utilities in an Oracle database environment
Precis Intermedia Gaming, a publishing company distributing PDF-based and traditional printed role-playing games
Biology
Thalassaemia intermedia, a form of the inherited autosomal recessive blood disease Thalassaemia
Anatomy
Massa intermedia, the medial surface of the thalamus
Pars intermedia, the boundary between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary
Taxonomy
Acacia aneura var. intermedia, a perennial shrub or tree variety native to Australia
Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia, the common fiddleneck or intermediate fiddleneck, a plant species found in western North America
Balaenoptera musculus intermedia, a subspecies of the blue whale found the Southern Ocean
Forsythia × intermedia, the border forsythia, an ornamental deciduous shrub species of garden origin
Hamamelis × intermedia, the hybrid witch hazel, a plant species
, the lavendin, the most cultivated lavender species for commercial use
Meleagris gallopavo intermedia, the Rio Grande wild turkey, a bird subspecies
Pleurothallis renipetala var. intermedia, a synonym for Acianthera crinita, an orchid species
Python molurus intermedia, a subspecies of the snake Python molurus
Rhea americana intermedia, a subspecies of the greater rhea found in Uruguay and extreme southeastern Brazil
Tiliqua scincoides intermedia, the Northern blue-tongued skink, a lizard species native to Australia
See also
intermedium
intermedius |
20477004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironjaw%20Lake | Ironjaw Lake | Ironjaw Lake is a lake that is located in south-western Schoolcraft County, Michigan in the Hiawatha National Forest. It is just east of the county line with Alger and just north of the county line with Delta County. Other nearby lakes include Hugaboom Lake, Mowe Lake, Blue Lake, Corner-Straits Chain of lakes, Nineteen Lake, Verdant Lake, and Round Lake.
See also
List of lakes in Michigan
References
Lakes of Schoolcraft County, Michigan
Lakes of Michigan |
23576884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilar%20Rold%C3%A1n | Pilar Roldán | María del Pilar Roldán Tapia (born 18 November 1939 in Mexico City) is a Mexican former foil fencer and the first Mexican woman to win an olympic medal in the history of Olympic fencing. During the 1968 Mexican Olympic Games she was a silver medalist; she was a champion in singles. She competed for Mexico at the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City, Mexico, where she won the silver medal in the women's foil event.
Family
Her parents were Ángel Roldán ("El Güero"), one of the best tennis players in the national field, selected for the Davis Cup (1934), and María Tapia ("La Chata"), a triple medalist in the Central American and Caribbean Games in El Salvador (1935).
Early life
Pilar Roldán was born in Mexico City, Mexico. At a young age Pilar began playing tennis, but her passion for fencing was born, thanks to the work of Alejandro Dumas "the three musketeers". At first, she only played with a cape to pretend to be a musketeer, but for her third birthday (1952), Pilar asked her parents for fencing lessons. At the end of that year, the world renowned Italian Professor Eduardo Alajmo decided to move to Mexico, and Pilar was one of his first graduates. Recognizing the passion of his daughter, he decided to install a small fencing court in their house and buy her high quality protective masks, gloves, and a vest. And so that without realizing, the so-called "white sport" ceased to be the main focus of this tennis family.
At 15 years of old, Pilar was the undefeated national champion in foil fencing. On March 12, 1955, in Mexico, father and daughter (Ángel Roldán and Pilar Roldán) participated in fencing en the second Pan-American Games. This was an unprecedented feat, and since that day, no one father and daughter pair has ever competed for their country at the Pan-American Games. Neither won a medal, but Pilar had some victories in singles. She was defeated by the Venezuelan, Igrid Sanders, finishing in fourth place after defeating Maxime Mitchel.
References
1939 births
Living people
Olympic silver medalists for Mexico
Fencers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic fencers of Mexico
Mexican female foil fencers
Fencers from Mexico City
Olympic medalists in fencing
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games medalists in fencing
Pan American Games gold medalists for Mexico
Fencers at the 1959 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1959 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1967 Pan American Games |
23576887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 1972–73 Libyan Premier League | The 1972–73 Libyan Premier League was the 9th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963.
Overview
It was contested by 11 teams, and Al-Ahly (Tripoli) won the championship.
League standings
Final
Al-Ahly (Tripoli) 1-0 Al-Ahly (Benghazi)
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
Libya
Premier League |
23576895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper%20Canyon | Paper Canyon | Paper Canyon is the debut studio album by English post-rock band Codes in the Clouds. It was produced by Justin Lockey and released on Erased Tapes Records in June 2009.
Background
The album was recorded over five days in Doncaster with producer Justin Lockey. According to guitarist Stephen Peeling, the title of the album is a metaphor for the band's music. "The idea is that a canyon is a big, grand indestructible thing. But if you had a paper canyon it'd be fragile in its detail, like our music."
Music
The music of Paper Canyon has been compared to post-rock bands such as Explosions in the Sky and Mono, along with 65daysofstatic, whom the band have called their "idols". Chris Hidden of Rock Sound noted that the songs are "slow burners" that are "not as immediate or obviously melodic as the likes of Explosions in the Sky or This Will Destroy You," but instead build to a "crescendo".
Critical reception
Paper Canyon was released on 1 June 2009 in the UK, Ireland, and Benelux on Erased Tapes Records. It was released on 4 June 2009 in Japan. German and American releases are planned for later in the year. The album received positive critical reviews. Hidden wrote that the album "might not be a classic post-rock record," but that "it brims with potential and suggests what's to come next should be something really special."
Track list
"Fractures" (5:20)
"Don't Go Awash in This Digital Landscape" (3:21)
"Distant Street Lights" (5:06)
"We Anchor in Hope" (5:42)
"You Are Not What You Think You Are" (9:55)
"The Distance Between Us" (10:00)
Personnel
Codes in the Clouds
Stephen Peeling (guitar)
Ciaran Morahan (guitar)
Rob Smith (guitar)
Jack Major (drums)
Joe Power (bass)
Additional personnel
Justin Lockey (production)
Robert Raths (cover art)
References
2009 debut albums
Codes in the Clouds albums
Erased Tapes Records albums |
20477020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Staunton%2C%20Virginia | National Register of Historic Places listings in Staunton, Virginia |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Staunton, Virginia.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in the independent city of Staunton, Virginia, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.
There are 33 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the city, including 1 National Historic Landmark.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Augusta County, Virginia
References
Staunton |
6904863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon%20Trail%20Memorial%20half%20dollar | Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar | The Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar was a fifty-cent piece struck intermittently by the United States Bureau of the Mint between 1926 and 1939. The coin was designed by Laura Gardin Fraser and James Earle Fraser, and commemorates those who traveled the Oregon Trail and settled the Pacific Coast of the United States in the mid-19th century. Struck over a lengthy period in small numbers per year, the many varieties produced came to be considered a ripoff by coin collectors, and led to the end, for the time, of the commemorative coin series.
Ohio-born Ezra Meeker had traveled the Trail with his family in 1852 and spent the final two decades of his long life before his death in 1928 publicizing the Oregon Trail, that it should not be forgotten. In 1926, at age 95, he appeared before a Senate committee, requesting that the government issue a commemorative coin that could be sold to raise money for markers to show where the Trail had been. The coin had originally been thought of by Idahoans, led by Dr. Minnie Howard, seeking to further preservation work at Fort Hall; Meeker broadened the idea. Congress authorized six million half dollars, and placed no restriction on when or at what mint the coins would be struck. Meeker's Oregon Trail Memorial Association (OTMA) had tens of thousands of pieces struck in 1926 and 1928, and did not sell them all. Nevertheless, most years between 1933 and 1939, it had small quantities of the half dollar coined, in some years from all three operating mints to produce mintmarked varieties, and raised prices considerably.
Collectors complained that some of the issues were controlled by coin dealers, and individual collectors had to pay high prices. Public protests followed, and in 1939 Congress ended the series. Despite the complaints, the OTMA had difficulty in selling the coins, and they remained available from the OTMA's successor organization as late as 1953. Just over 260,000 of the 6,000,000 authorized coins were struck, of which about 60,000 were melted. The US commemorative coin struck over the longest period, the Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar has been widely praised for its design.
Background
In the middle years of the 19th century, before the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 made travel easier, hundreds of thousands of people journeyed along the Oregon Trail to settle the Far West of the United States. Not all who began the journey reached their destination as there was much suffering and death along the way—by one estimate, 20,000 people lie in unmarked graves.
Ohio-born farmer Ezra Meeker (1830–1928) traveled the Oregon Trail in 1852; he and his young wife and infant child went by ox-drawn wagon from Iowa to Oregon Territory. In his old age, he came to believe that the Oregon Trail, and the sacrifice of those who had died along it, were being forgotten. Amid considerable publicity as one of the last survivors of the pioneers who had blazed the way west, Meeker retraced his route along the Trail between 1906 and 1908. The Trail had in some places disappeared, swallowed up by town and farm, and in his journeys, he sought to find where he had passed, seeking to have historical markers erected. He took his ox team and wagon across the nation to publicize his cause, parking his rig in front of the White House where he met President Theodore Roosevelt. In New York, he crossed the Brooklyn Bridge. In 1910, he and his oxen participated in the Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena. In the succeeding years, he traveled the route by oxcart, automobile, and, at age 93 in 1924, airplane, attempting to further his cause, and seeking federal recognition and funding for his efforts.
Inception
The Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar stemmed from various efforts by Idahoans who favored the preservation of the site of Fort Hall, an important way station on the Trail. The idea was sparked by the issuance of the 1925 Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar, which caused Mabel Murphy, wife of an Idaho newspaperman, to propose to her husband the striking of an Oregon Trail coin, the profits from which could be used for historic preservation. Her husband, D.T. Murphy, on April 16, 1925, dutifully published an editorial, "Oregon Trail Covered Wagon Half Dollars" in the Idaho State Journal. Mrs. Murphy would not live to see the coin issued, dying November 30, 1925, of tuberculosis.
The idea for the coin was brought up again when civic activists in Pocatello, Idaho, led by Dr. Minnie Howard, sought ideas for funding a monument on the site of Fort Hall. Insurance salesman F.C. McGowan displayed a Stone Mountain piece, "Yes. Coinage. Like this!" Howard and her colleagues pursued the idea. Meeker did as well once he heard of it, forming the Oregon Trail Memorial Association, ("OTMA" or "the Association") a national organization, which could also receive the half dollars, and sell them at a profit.
By 1925, Congress was reluctant to authorize more commemorative coins; twelve pieces had been issued between 1920 and 1925, and many legislators felt that coins were being allowed that "commemorate[d] events of local and not national interest". The entire mintages of commemoratives were sold at face value to the sponsoring organizations designated in the authorizing acts. These groups then sold the coins to the public at a premium, thus raising money for causes that Congress had deemed worthy. Made cautious by a series of unsuccessful issues, Congress rejected a number of proposals for special coins in early 1926. Among these were pieces to honor the completion of the Lincoln and Victory Highways, and a proposal to commemorate the centennial of the birth of American composer Stephen Foster.
The bill authorizing the Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar was first introduced in the House of Representatives on January 25, 1926, by Washington Congressman John Franklin Miller, who had previously been mayor of Seattle. Meeker was living in Seattle while Miller was mayor, having moved from his previous home in Puyallup. According to local historian Bert Webber in his 1986 monograph on the coin, "there is little doubt that Mr. Miller was influenced to propose this coin by Ezra Meeker." A hearing was held before the House Coinage Committee on March 3; Meeker testified. The bill was reported favorably, and then passed by the full House on April 5, 1926. The bill was not opposed in the House of Representatives, though one member, Michigan Congressman Louis Cramton, asked several questions before it passed by unanimous consent. According to an October 2013 article in The Numismatist, "Congress was no match for Meeker".
On April 26, 1926, the 95-year-old Meeker appeared before the Senate's Committee on Banking and Currency. Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon had filed a letter opposing commemorative coin issues, except those of national importance. Meeker, in his testimony, argued that the Trail issue would be of such importance. The OTMA board considered whether to seek amendment of the bill to the alternative suggested by Mellon, a commemorative medal. In part because of Howard's urging, they decided to stay with the coin. The bill for the half dollar was reported without recommendation, but was passed by the Senate on May 10. Meeker met with President Calvin Coolidge to ensure it would be signed, which it was on May 17, 1926, as Public Law 325, authorizing the issuance of up to 6,000,000 half dollars. President Calvin Coolidge signed the bill on the White House lawn; Meeker was present at the signing ceremony and was photographed shaking hands with President Coolidge.
The bill required that the Association pay for the half dollars at par, and that the dies and other costs of preparation not be at the expense of the United States. The figure of six million was the largest in American commemorative history, exceeding the five million for the Stone Mountain issue. Congress placed no restriction on which mint should strike the coins, and did not put a time limit on the authorization. According to numismatists Anthony Swiatek and Walter Breen in their encyclopedia of US commemoratives, the bill passed "possibly because the stated purpose was nationalistic rather than obscurely local". Coin dealer and author Q. David Bowers states that "on the surface the motivation seemed to be good enough ... doubtless many American citizens had family ties to the famous migration".
Preparation
Meeker wanted the new half dollars struck as quickly as possible; he was planning another journey west on the Trail, and wanted to be able to sell the coins along the way. The Association initially contacted Chester Beach, credited with the design of the 1923 Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar, to sculpt the new coin, but he was unavailable, though he prepared sketches.
The OTMA tried to reach agreement with Gutzon Borglum, designer of the Stone Mountain piece, but he wanted too much money and time. Ulric Stonewall Jackson Dunbar, who had played a minor role in the Columbian half dollar of 1892–93, was willing, but lacked the national reputation the Association felt the coin's sculptor needed. After receiving suggestions from the American Numismatic Society, the Association turned to the husband-and-wife team of James Earle Fraser and Laura Gardin Fraser. James Fraser had designed the Buffalo nickel; Laura Gardin Fraser had created several commemorative coins, including the Grant Centennial dollar and half dollar. It chose the Frasers at the urging of Minnie Howard, who felt that James Fraser's work dealt with the West, and might make manifest, in his coin design, the importance of the migration by covered wagon. The Association determined upon a design concept of a map showing the Oregon Trail on one side, and on the other a man leading an ox-drawn wagon, with his wife and infant child riding. Although he is not formally commemorated by the coin, the man was meant to be Meeker.
Design
James Fraser designed the wagon side while Laura Fraser designed the Indian side and converted both into relief models. Meeker pestered Laura Fraser to complete the modeling, as he wanted the half dollars available for sale at an upcoming event. She completed the work by July 30, 1926, when she wrote to enquire where she should send the designs for endorsement by the Commission of Fine Arts. This body since 1921 had been tasked with advising the Secretary of the Treasury on coinage design. She sent photographs of her models to the commission's offices. On August 5, 1926, commission chairman Charles Moore responded enthusiastically, informing her that not only had the commission endorsed the designs, but they were having the prints framed for their meeting room. To save time, the hubs from which coinage dies could be prepared were made by the Medallic Art Company of New York, which had made reductions from plaster models to hubs for several commemorative issues. The resulting hubs were sent to the Philadelphia Mint, where working dies for the issue were made. A compass rose on the Indian side, included in Laura Fraser's models, does not appear on the issued coin, though the reason for the change is not known.
The wagon side designed by James Fraser depicts a Conestoga wagon drawn by two oxen, heading into an extremely large setting sun, with resplendent rays. The designers' initials appear behind the wagon; five stars appear below the vehicle, though what they represent is uncertain. Swiatek and Breen suggested that they represent five states and territories through which pioneers would have passed.
The Indian side designed by Laura Fraser features a dramatically rendered Native American, standing erect with outstretched arm in what Vermeule describes as a gesture of peace. The Indian was added by the Frasers to the original map design concept endorsed by the OTMA. Swiatek and Breen noted that the Indian's "position has been irreverently compared to that of a traffic policeman demanding 'Halt!' " Such statements were made from the time of issue; The Numismatist in November 1926 stated that the Indian's left hand "is upraised as if warning the people of the East of the perils and hardship of the Trail". Meeker's 1928 obituary in The New York Times averred that the Indian was "standing with hands upraised to stop the white man's progress westward". The Native American wears a headdress, has a blanket and bow, and is superimposed on a map of the United States, with a line of Conestoga wagons heading west. The design is carried to the rim of the coin; Hudson Bay is visible in the upper right.
The Frasers' design for the half dollar has been widely admired. Swiatek and Breen deemed the issue "one of the greatest artistic triumphs ever to be released by the Mint". Numismatic historian Don Taxay called the coin "the most beautiful as well as the most truly 'American' U.S. coin. It testifies to the fact that authentic genius, even when trammeled by the necessities of a modern, mechanical mint, can transform our coinage into a work of art."
Production
Initial release
According to Webber, "during the final stages of manufacture, [Meeker] kept heckling the mint to 'hurry up' ". The Philadelphia Mint struck 48,000 pieces in September 1926, plus 30 reserved for inspection by the 1927 United States Assay Commission. Meeker peddled them along his route at $1 each. The difference between the face value and the sale price was to pay the cost for historical markers along the Trail, and to renovate the Whitman Mission in Washington state. The 1926 piece was later dubbed by the Association the "Ezra Meeker Issue". The first piece struck was presented to Meeker; its whereabouts are not known, while the second, presented to Howard, rests in the Idaho State Historical Museum.
With the initial quantity committed (75 pieces were returned to the mint, most likely because they were damaged or misstruck), the Association requested that more pieces be produced. A hundred thousand were coined at the San Francisco Mint in October and November, bearing the mint mark S (1926-S). The Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar thus became the first commemorative coin struck at multiple mints; Bowers notes that this set "a precedent which would be expanded and abused in the years to come". According to Swiatek and Breen, "the Association ... [was] expecting that the collectors who bought 1926 Philadelphia coins would turn out in similar or greater numbers for the second variety". Although a few thousand quickly sold, the market for the half dollars proved saturated, and tens of thousands remained at the mint pending payment. On December 29, 1926, Meeker celebrated his 96th birthday in New York; he was presented with 96 Oregon Trail Memorial half dollars by the Association.
Despite the many unsold 1926-S half dollars still in the government's hands, the Association sought the issuance of 1927-dated half dollars; this was refused by the Treasury Department (of which the Bureau of the Mint was a part) due to the backlog. In 1928, 50,000 more were struck at the Philadelphia Mint. Meeker continued his exploits: he was presented with 97 coins on his birthday in December 1927 by the Association and brought his half dollars to the visitor's gallery of the New York Stock Exchange, though he was refused permission to go onto the floor. In April 1928, Meeker wrote to the American Numismatic Association, urging its coin-collecting members to purchase both the 1926 and 1926-S pieces. Nevertheless, although Meeker organized a national campaign to sell the coins, the OTMA lost $10,000 by his efforts, due to office and other expenses. "The aged pioneer did not appear to be that good with money".
Meeker was given a truck chassis and money to modify it into a wagon-topped vehicle by Henry Ford in 1928 for yet another Trail trip. Ford offered to make the vehicle more comfortable for Meeker if he brought it to the Ford factory in Dearborn, Michigan. Accordingly, when he left New York in August 1928 on another journey, planning to sell half dollars along the way, he headed directly for Michigan. He arrived ill, and was hospitalized, almost dying there. He was able to return home, disgruntled at having missed voting in the election (he supported the successful Republican candidate, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, for president) for the first time since 1853. At his home in Washington state, Meeker again became ill in November, and died December 3, 1928, three and a half weeks before his 98th birthday. He was buried in a cemetery in Puyallup, a place he had helped settle. Meeker's headstone bears a plaque reproducing the wagon side of the half dollar.
Reissue
After Meeker's death, the OTMA selected Howard R. Driggs, a professor of English education at New York University as his successor, and elected a new board of directors, which worked to clear the debt Meeker had accrued. Coins on hand continued to be sold. It was able to persuade President Hoover to proclaim the Covered Wagon Centennial in 1930, the hundredth anniversary both of Meeker's birth and of the first wagon train leaving St. Louis for the Oregon country. One means of selling coins the Association devised was a campus-wide drive at Yale University, alma mater of Association executive director Lorne W. Buckley, in October 1930 to raise money for Trail markers. More than 600 coins were sold.
Most 1928 Oregon Trail Memorial half dollars remained in the hands of the Treasury for several years after their striking, though the Association purchased an estimated 1,000 for sale to the public. This impoundment by the government generated interest in the coin collecting community—several letters to the editor appeared in The Numismatist, enquiring as to the coins' fate. One collector followed up with the Philadelphia Mint; Acting Superintendent Fred H. Chaffin replied that the coins were being held there for the Association, and were dated 1928. The OTMA had a financial crisis in 1931, and was planning to close its doors, but operations continued, with headquarters moved from its Manhattan office to Driggs's home in Bayside, Queens. The Association marketed the 1928 coins as the "Jedediah Smith Issue".
In early 1933, Driggs sought the issuance of more half dollars on behalf of the OTMA, writing to the acting Mint Director, Mary Margaret O'Reilly. and then to Treasury Secretary William H. Woodin. Driggs wanted 5,000 of the 1928 and 5,000 new half dollars struck at Denver (1933-D), proposing to exchange 10,000 half dollars dated 1926. All the coins held by the government, including those acquired by the exchange, were to be melted. This was approved, and the pieces were duly struck at the Denver Mint, the first commemorative coins ever struck at Denver.
The Association had turned to the Scott Stamp and Coin Company of New York to market the coins. Scott was able to sell some of the 1928 half dollars. These actions have been interpreted negatively by numismatic scholars: Q. David Bowers alleges that Scott's representative, Wayte Raymond, proposed melting most of the issue to create an artificial scarcity, and that the company "desired to capitalize on the gullibility of collectors and their need to complete sets by having more varieties coined. Scott figured that if additional Oregon Trail half dollars could be minted with the date 1933 they could be sold effectively at the Century of Progress Exposition held that year in Chicago." Swiatek and Breen noted, "through God only knows what manner of political manipulation, the Oregon Trail Memorial Association managed to obtain approval of a new 1933 Denver issue" for sale at the exposition.
A total of 5,250 of the 1933-D were struck, of which approximately five were reserved for the Assay Commission and 242 were eventually returned for melting. Bowers believes that the returned pieces were likely defective, rather than unsold. The Association dubbed the 1933-D the "Century of Progress Exposition Issue"; both the 1928 and the 1933-D half dollars were sold for $2 each. However, the 1928 could be obtained for $1.75 by anyone who had recently bought two or more of the 1926 issues, and could be purchased for as little as $1.10 each by purchasing 10 of the 1926-dated coins.
With the relative success of the 1933-D issue, the Association ordered 7,000 more in 1934, also struck at Denver. These were dubbed the "Fort Hall, Fort Laramie and Jason Lee Issue" and were also sold by Scott, for $2. These also were not paid for by the OTMA, but were an exchange for 1926-S half dollars—the distribution figure of 83,055 for the 1926-S equals 100,000 for the OTMA plus 55 assay pieces minus 17,000 returned in exchange for the 1933-D and 1934-D pieces.
The resurrected Oregon Trail issue became controversial in the collecting community, with a large number of coin clubs passing resolutions against the reissues; the president of the American Numismatic Association called for commemorative coins to be sold only by the Mint, not by private organizations. Driggs protested against the resolutions, copies of which were sent to federal authorities. Nevertheless, the 1935-S pieces he had requested of the Mint, and dies for which were prepared, were never struck, perhaps because of the indignation of collectors. Other reasons have been postulated for the lack of an issue in 1935: in a 1937 monograph quoted by Bowers, early coin dealer B. Max Mehl speculated that it took Scott two years to dispose of the 1934-D pieces.
Final issues and termination
Beginning in 1934, organizations and individuals saw small-mintage commemoratives, struck at multiple mints over the course of years, as an opportunity for profit. Congress authorized several issues in 1934, including the Texas Centennial half dollar, meant to honor the centennial of Texas Independence in 1936, but struck from 1934 to 1938, after 1934 at all three mints each year. More new commemoratives followed in 1935, and over 20 in 1936. These issues included the Cincinnati Musical Center half dollar, issued to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Cincinnati as a center of music, although nothing out of the ordinary is known to have taken place in that city's musical life in 1886.
Numismatist Arlie R. Slabaugh, in his volume on US commemorative coins, discussed the marketing practices of the 1930s:
On December 30, 1935, Driggs wrote to O'Reilly, who with the appointment of Nellie Tayloe Ross as Mint Director had resumed her position as Assistant Mint Director, seeking the issuance of 5,000 Oregon Trail coins to be struck at San Francisco (1936-S) to celebrate the centennial of the arrival of missionary Marcus Whitman and his wife in the Walla Walla Valley. O'Reilly and other officials did not immediately answer and Driggs wrote again in March 1936, Chaffin, again acting superintendent at Philadelphia, responded that the dies had been prepared and sent to San Francisco. The coins were sent at Driggs' request to Scott's in New York. In May, Driggs asked that 10,000 more be struck at Philadelphia, and this was done. These were sold at the height of the commemorative coin boom. Some of the 1936 and 1936-S pieces were sold by Scott, others by the Association through a New York City mail drop, in either case at an initial price of $1.60 per half dollar. Six each of the 1936 and 1936-S were struck in addition to the requested quantities, for assay.
In June 1936, Herbert G. West, head of the Whitman Centennial Celebration, wrote to Driggs informing him that his group had sought and failed to gain (unusually for 1936) a commemorative half dollar to finance its activities. West wanted Driggs to order a special issue of the Oregon Trail commemorative for the Whitman organization to sell. Driggs was non-committal, first telling West that he hoped they might still be successful in gaining their own half dollar, and then that a special issue would be difficult to get as the mints had shut down for the summer. He eventually agreed to give the Whitman group a thousand 1936-S half dollars, on condition they not be sold for less than $1.60 so as not to undercut the OTMA's sales efforts. In fact, Driggs suggested a sale price of $2, which was what the Whitman organization sold them for. These were dubbed the "Whitman Centennial Issue", or the "Whitman Mission Issue". Most of the 1936 pieces struck at Philadelphia were sold by the means of a mailing to Scott's customer list. Some portion of each of the issues between 1933 and 1937 were reserved for sale by patriotic organizations.
The 1937 issue was distributed only by the Association as the deal with Scott had been ended. A total of 12,000 pieces (plus eight for the Assay Commission) were struck at Denver, and were sold at $1.60. No special name was given to the issue. Coin dealer Mehl wondered in 1937, "the 1936 Philadelphia Mint coin is now retailing at $5 and the San Francisco Mint at $10. Where will this thing stop? I don't know."
The 1938 coins, again without a special name, were struck at all three mints, the first time that had been done for the Oregon Trail coins in one year. Six thousand (plus pieces for the Assay Commission) were struck at each mint, and the issue was sold in sets of three, for $6.25. The same practice was followed in 1939, but the price was raised to $7.50 a set and the mintage reduced to 3,000 coins, plus the assay pieces. According to Swiatek and Breen, these sets were also bought up by speculators, and individual collectors often had to pay double or triple the issue price to secure a set. The coins did not sell out instantly; the OTMA's accounting records reveal that nine months after the 1938 coins were put on sale, the organization still had almost half the issue available. Similarly, by October 1939, the Association had sold only 8,283 half dollars dated that year, less than the 9,000 available for sale. Nevertheless, collectors sent letters of protest to congressmen and to the Treasury Department. On August 5, 1939, Congress acted, passing legislation that put an end to all commemorative issues authorized before March 1939. Swiatek and Breen observed that if Congress had not intervened, "there would probably be Oregon Trail coins dated 1980".
A total of 264,419 Oregon Trail Memorial half dollars were struck, of which approximately 174 were intended for the Assay Commission, and 61,317 were melted. Accordingly, a total of 202,928 were issued to the public. The Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar was the commemorative coin struck for the longest period. According to R.S. Yeoman's 2018 deluxe edition of A Guide Book of United States Coins, the cheapest Oregon Trail coins are the 1926 and 1926-S at $135 in Almost Uncirculated. The 1939 pieces are listed only as a set and in Mint State condition (uncirculated), beginning at $1,350.
Aftermath
The Oregon Trail Memorial Association became part of the newly formed American Pioneer Trails Association (APTA) in 1940, a group meant to be broader in scope than the OTMA. A 1942 joint financial statement of both organizations reveals that it still held 7,212 half dollars. It was selling 1936 and 1937-D half dollars in 1943. A letter to the editor in the September 1943 issue of The Numismatist stated that the group was selling the pieces at $5 to finance stakes made of Oregon wood with which to mark the Trail. The sum of five dollars, which included membership, paid for a coin at a time, the letter noted, when the pieces were selling at $1.50 from dealers.
Minnie Howard was still in 1947 trying to secure the site of Fort Hall, and as part of that effort got Idaho Senator Henry Dworshak to introduce legislation allowing the issuance of more Oregon Trail half dollars to benefit Howard's Idaho organization. No sooner had he done so, on February 26, than President Harry Truman announced his opposition to various coin bills that had been introduced. Acting Treasury Secretary E.F. Foley wrote in opposition, tracing the history between the OTMA and the Treasury Department, "Coins were ordered to be minted and left in the mints". The Banking Committee opposed the bill, and it failed. According to a November 2014 article in The Numismatist, "With the efforts in the 1940s, the Oregon Trail half dollar, having seen its sunrise in Pocatello, met its sunset there as well."
Driggs led the APTA until his death at age 89 in 1963, but it became less active in his final years. He retained at least some half dollars, notifying the Mint in 1953 that the APTA was the successor to the OTMA, and still had half dollars for sale. After his death, over fifty Oregon Trail half dollars were found among his effects. Other groups have carried the APTA's missions of Trail preservation and the building of monuments. In 1963, two years before Howard's death, the City of Pocatello erected a replica of Fort Hall in a park. The actual site, however, remains undeveloped, with an inconspicuous marker.
No commemorative coins were struck between 1939 and 1945. When authorizations resumed after the war, issues in honor of Booker T. Washington and George Washington Carver were sold, in some years, in low-mintage sets of coins from all three mints. After 1954, when the last such pieces were struck, the Treasury Department did not again support a non-circulating commemorative until 1982, when a half dollar in honor of the 250th anniversary of the birth of George Washington was issued. The Washington half dollar was distributed by the Mint, with profits applied to the reduction of the national debt. Bowers writes, "this time around, [striking of commemorative coins] would not be on behalf of private or local interests".
In the past, numismatic writers have described the Association and its activities harshly. Bowers states that the Oregon Trail coins "are beautiful, but circumstances surrounding their issuance leave much to be desired". Slabaugh noted that "Artistically, this is my favorite commemorative coin. But from an ethical standpoint, it is not." Swiatek and Breen wrote that the Association's "activities in exploiting coin collectors and the general public eventually led to the unpopularity of commemoratives in Congress and ultimately to adamant Treasury Department opposition to any further commemorative issues, no matter how worthy the cause to be memorialized, no matter who represented the sponsoring commissions". According to Bowers, "as far as I know, the financial benefits which provided the reason for issuing the half dollars, 'to rescue the various important points along the old trail from oblivion,' to erect 'suitable monuments, memorial and otherwise,' etc., never came to pass, at least not from money provided by the sale of the coins." These, however, did not have the benefit of examining OTMA records. Following the opening of Driggs's papers for research at Southern Utah University, an October 2013 article in The Numismatist concluded that though many documents, such as the arrangements with Scott's, are missing from his records, what there is "seems consistent with Driggs wanting to use the coins to finance the marking of the Oregon Trail, not to line his own pockets".
Mintages
A small number of coins from each year and mint were put aside for inspection by the following year's Assay Commission; the above figures include such pieces. This accounts for the variance from the even thousand mintages in 1933 and after.
See also
Half dollar (United States coin)
Early United States commemorative coins
Buffalo nickel, designed in 1913 by James Earle Fraser
Notes
References and bibliography
Books
Other sources
External links
Oregon Trail half dollar pictures
Cattle in art
Currencies introduced in 1926
Early United States commemorative coins
Fifty-cent coins
Maps on coins
Native Americans on coins
Oregon Trail
United States silver coins
Works by James Earle Fraser (sculptor)
Sun on coins |
20477026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathy%27s%20Clown%20%28You%20Am%20I%20song%29 | Cathy's Clown (You Am I song) | "Cathy's Clown" is the first single from the album Hi Fi Way by Australian rock band, You Am I. It was released in 1995 and was the band's first single to reach the Australian Top 40 singles chart, peaking at number 36. It was listed at number 84 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 1995, an opinion poll of national radio station Triple J's listeners.
Track listing
"Cathy's Clown " – 2:25
"Hi-Way Fi" – 2:55
"Gira E Respira" – 5:03
"In the Street" – 2:03
"Hi-Way Fi" and "Gira E Respira" are You Am I originals (Tim Rogers), and the former track can be found on the Hi Fi Ways bonus live disc, Someone Else's Crowd. "In the Street" is a cover of Big Star's song, written by its members Chris Bell and Alex Chilton.
References
1995 singles
You Am I songs
1995 songs
Songs written by Tim Rogers (musician)
Songs written by Rusty Hopkinson
Songs written by Andy Kent |
6904890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Center%20for%20Religion%20%26%20Diplomacy | International Center for Religion & Diplomacy | The International Center for Religion & Diplomacy is a non-profit organization located in Washington, DC. Its mission statement reads: "The mission of ICRD is to address identity-based conflicts that exceed the reach of traditional diplomacy by incorporating religion as part of the solution."
The intellectual and spiritual basis for ICRD's unconventional approach to conflict resolution can be found in Religion, the Missing Dimension of Statecraft, Faith-based Diplomacy: Trumping Realpolitik (Oxford University Press, 1994 and 2003), and Religion, Terror, and Error: U.S. Foreign Policy and the Challenge of Spiritual Engagement. These books explore the positive role that religious or spiritual factors can play in preventing or resolving conflict, while advancing social change based on justice and reconciliation.
Current projects include, Sudan, Kashmir, Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan.
Officers include:
President: Douglas Johnston
Senior Vice President: Brian Cox
Vice President, Islamic Programs: Abubaker al-Shingieti
Treasurer: Karen Roberts
Counsel/Corporate Secretary: John Byington
References
External links
International Center for Religion & Diplomacy website
Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Year of establishment missing |
6904892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C5%ABbari-class%20destroyer%20escort | Yūbari-class destroyer escort | The Yūbari-class destroyer escort (or frigate) of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force is the successor of the Ishikari-class destroyer escort. Yubari was named after the experimental light cruiser of the 1920s–1930s, which served in (and was lost during) World War II.
Description
This class was the extended version of its predecessor, . The displacement was slightly increased, and some improvements were introduced. But they were almost same and there were many points in common as follows:
The CODOG propulsion system.
The propulsion system of this class was identical with the one of its predecessor. The Rolls-Royce Olympus TM-3B manufactured by the Kawasaki Heavy Industries under license was used for boosting. The cruising engine is the Kawasaki 6DRV 35/44 diesel engine developed by the Technical Research and Development Institute (TRDI).
Centre-superstructure style.
Whereas the JMSDF incline to adopt the flush decker style, in this class, the superstructure is at the center of the ship to save the space of the ship. This was very controversial decision, and because of this decision, there has been the criticism about the oceangoing capability of this class.
Simplified but sufficient C4ISR system.
This class was not equipped with air-search radar whereas her predecessors almost had. Alternatively there were the OPS-28 surface search and target acquisition radar which can deal with low-altitude aircraft and missiles. And also the FCS-2 gun fire-control system has the air-searching capability. As the tactical data processing system, they had the OYQ-5 being capable of receiving data automatically from other ships via Link-14 (STANAG 5514; the data link with the Radioteletype).
Brand-new weapon systems.
This class was equipped with eight Boeing Harpoon Surface-to-surface missile as the key weapon system whereas traditional Japanese frigates weighed heavily on the Anti-submarine warfare. According to this mission concept, its predecessor's Mark 16 GMLS for the ASROC system was removed. And a modern Otobreda 76 mm gun replaced its predecessor's older 3-inch gun and automation greatly reduced the number of crew needed. Provision for a Phalanx CIWS was made in the stern area, although it was never installed.
Both ships of this class were deployed at the Ominato District Force (home-ported at Mutsu, Aomori). The Ominato District is the northernmost district of the JMSDF and forefront against the Russian Pacific Fleet. Originally it had been planned to build six of this class (1985 Mid-Term Defense Buildup Program). However it was decided that this class was too small to continue in production, so it was succeeded by the with an entirely new design.
Ships in the class
See also
List of frigates
Notes
References
Jane's Fighting Ships 2005–2006
Frigates of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Frigate classes |
23576897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Builders%20and%20the%20Butchers | The Builders and the Butchers | The Builders and The Butchers are a Folk Rock band based in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is fronted by singer/guitar player Ryan Sollee. The other members of the band are Willy Kunkle (bass guitar, vocals, percussion), Justin Baier (drums, backup vocals, percussion), Ray Rude (drums, piano, clarinet, backup vocals, percussion), and Harvey Tumbleson (mandolin, banjo, guitar, vocals, percussion).
The band's debut self-titled album was released in 2007 by Bladen County Records.
To date, the band has 6 full-length albums, 2 live album and 2 EP splits.
History
The Builders and The Butchers formed on October 31, 2005. They came together because "a lot of bands were all breaking up around the same time, and we were looking to get into something new--so it just worked out."
Each member is originally from Anchorage, Alaska and migrated separately to Portland, Oregon to start a career in music.
Initially they called themselves "The Funeral Band", performing in the streets and outside of music venues. The name eventually changed to The Builders and The Butchers, "for no other reason than it was the only name all five members liked." The first year of acoustic performances were mostly street shows until opening for the experimental band Man Man in 2006. “We very slowly started plugging [our instruments] in.” Sollee says, but the group had to figure out how to utilize its two percussionists on stage. They found that by splitting one drum kit between Seely and Rude, with one handling the kick drum and another playing the snare, they developed what the group calls a “deconstructed” drumming style.
The band's song-writing process involves Sollee writing the lyrics out and presenting it to the other members, who then start playing and putting the music around these lyrics.
In May 2008 the band won the Willamette Week’s “Best New Band of 2008” and Seattle Sound’s “Best Live Performers 2008”.
In late 2010, The Builders and the Butchers signed with Badman Recording Co. and released their third album, Dead Reckoning on February 22, 2011.
Artwork
The Builders and The Butchers' album artwork is produced by Portland, Oregon artist Lukas Ketner.
Members
Current
Justin Baier (drums, backup vocals, percussion)
Willy Kunkle (bass guitar, vocals, percussion)
Ray Rude (drums, piano, clarinet, backup vocals, percussion)
Ryan Sollee (lead vocals, guitar, percussion)
Harvey Tumbleson (mandolin, banjo, guitar, vocals, percussion)
Former
Alex Ellis (bass guitar, vocals, percussion) - "The Builders and The Butchers", "Loch Lomond/The Builders and The Butchers" 12-inch Split, "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well","Dead Reckoning"
Brandon Hafer (drums, trumpet, melodica, backup vocals, percussion)
Adrienne Hatkin (mandolin, banjo, accordion, vocals, percussion) - live shows
Paul Seely (drums, trumpet, melodica, backup vocals, percussion) - "The Builders and The Butchers", "Loch Lomond/The Builders and The Butchers" 12-inch Split, "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Guests
Annalisa Tornfelt (violin, backup vocals) for "The Builders and The Butchers", "Loch Lomond/The Builders and The Butchers" 12-inch Split, "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Emily Tornfelt (cello) for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Tyler Tornfelt (cello) for "Loch Lomond/The Builders and The Butchers" 12-inch Split
Skip Von Kuske (cello) for "Loch Lomond/The Builders and The Butchers" 12-inch Split
Douglas Jenkins (cello) for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Justin Kagen (cello) for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Joe Bowden (backup vocals) for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Sean Flynn (backup vocals) for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Jesse Bettis (backup vocals) for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Scott Magee (bass clarinet, backup vocals) for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Sebastian Bibb Barrett (trumpet) for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Victor Nash (trumpet, french horn) for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Amanda Lawrence (viola) for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Chris Funk ([backup vocals]) for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
Mike Anzalone (castanets, backup vocals)for "Loch Lomond/The Builders and The Butchers" 12-inch Split, "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
The Flash Choir for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
The Gospel Choir for "Salvation is a Deep Dark Well"
The Portland Cello Project - live shows
Discography
Albums
References
External links
Official The Builders and The Butchers Sites: Website· YouTube · Twitter · MySpace · Facebook
2005 establishments in Oregon
Indie rock musical groups from Oregon
Musical groups established in 2005
Musical groups from Portland, Oregon |
20477038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Evans%20%28Australian%20sportsman%29 | William Evans (Australian sportsman) | William Thomas 'Poley' Evans (9 April 1876 – 19 July 1964) was an Australian sportsman. He captained Queensland at first-class cricket and represented Australia in rugby union. He was born in Indooroopilly, Queensland and died at Buranda, Queensland.
Rugby union career
Evans, who played on the wing, won two caps for Australia at rugby in 1899 as a winger in the national side. His debut game was against Matthew Mullineux's first British Lions to tour Australia at the Sydney Cricket Ground on 24 June 1899, the inaugural rugby Test match played by an Australian national representative side. He scored a try in that match and is listed on rugby records by the name 'Poley' Evans. Four weeks later he played in the second Test in Brisbane. His performance in that match was noted as excellent by the press. He made a state appearance for Queensland that year against those same tourists. Poley's younger brother Lew Evans also represented for Australia from 1903 to 1904.
Cricket career
Evans, who often batted with the tail, made just one first-class century. It came against New South Wales at the Brisbane Cricket Ground in 1908, when he came in at number nine in the batting order and scored 103 not out.
When he returned to cricket in 1902 it was as a wicket-keeper and he kept wicket for all but one of his first-class matches from that point.
Queensland didn't play in the Sheffield Shield during Evans's career so most of his appearances were in Brisbane, when they took on touring states. He regularly captained Queensland and even had the honour of captaining an Australian XI for a first-class match against South Africa in 1910.
When Evans made his first-class debut in 1899, it was as an all-rounder. Bowling right arm overarm, he took 7/70, despite his opponents the South Australians amassing 582 runs. It was the first ever time the two states had met at first-class level and thus Evans has the distinction of being the first Queenslander to take a five wicket haul against South Australia.
Published references
Collection (1995) Gordon Bray presents The Spirit of Rugby, Harper Collins Publishers Sydney
Howell, Max (2005) Born to Lead - Wallaby Test Captains, Celebrity Books, Auckland NZ
Footnotes
External links
Cricinfo: William Evans
1876 births
1964 deaths
Australian cricketers
Queensland cricketers
Queensland cricket captains
Australian rugby union players
Australia international rugby union players
Cricketers from Brisbane
Wicket-keepers
Rugby union players from Brisbane
Rugby union wings |
23576902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyang%20Cyber%20University | Hanyang Cyber University | Hanyang Cyber University is a virtual university in South Korea, founded in 2002.
External links
Korean website
English website
Universities and colleges in Seoul
Distance education institutions based in South Korea |
23576903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigar%20cell | Cigar cell | Cigar cells (also referred to as pencil cells) are red blood cells that are cigar- or pencil-shaped on peripheral blood smear. Cigar cells are commonly associated with hereditary elliptocytosis. However, they may also be seen in iron deficiency anemia, sepsis, malaria and other pathological states that decrease red blood cell turnover and or production. In the case of iron deficiency anemia, microcytosis and hypochromia would also be expected.
References
External links
Blood cells
Human cells
Hematology |
20477041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion%20Mann | Marion Mann | Marion Mann (born March 29, 1920) is an American physician and pathologist. He was a Dean of the College of Medicine at Howard University from 1970 to 1979.
Early life
Marion was born in Atlanta, Georgia and was raised, along with five brothers, by his mother, C.C. Mann, who was a church organist (Ebenezer Baptist Church and Liberty Baptist Church in Atlanta; Southern Baptist Church in New York City; and Mt. Bethel Baptist Church in Washington, D.C.). She also was a piano teacher until her death in 1981 at the age of 92. The best known, though not necessarily most talented, of the musical Mann brothers were probably Levi and Howard. Levi played jazz bass (upright) with the Lucky Millinder Orchestra in the 1930s and 1940s and later held down the house musician gig, playing the Hammond B3 organ at the famous 20 Grand Club in Detroit, Michigan during the early Motown years. Howard wrote and composed the gospel classic "Teach Us To Pray" and was organist and choir director at Convent Avenue Baptist Church in Harlem. The other brothers in this accomplished African American family included Lawrence, William, and John Wesley who were all classically trained musicians and educators.
Although a music lover, Mann was the only son of C.C. (Mama) Mann who did not pursue a career as a musician. C.C. had moved the family from Atlanta to Harlem, New York in the 1930s, but Mann went South again to attend college at Tuskegee Institute. At Tuskegee, in 1937, he met fellow student Ruth Maureen Reagin from Selma, Alabama, and Mann and Ruth were married after his graduation (1940) and before he entered the U.S. Army. Mann and Ruth had two children. M. Nicholas Mann was born on the Tuskegee Army Airfield in 1944 while Mann was stationed there as an administrative officer and Nick went on to a career in organization development consulting with a brief foray as writer and music producer (The Reddings). Judith Reagin Walk was born in Yokohama, Japan in 1949 during Mann's post World War II overseas tour of duty. As a university administrator (Eastman School of Music and Howard University), Judy is also a musician (pianist, teacher, and choir director).
Medical career
Mann left the regular Army and entered Howard University Medical School in 1950 and was graduated (M.D.) in 1954. After graduation, his career as a pathologist included serving as a Deputy Coroner in Washington, D.C. Along the way, he earned the Ph.D. degree (1961) from Georgetown University. He accepted a full-time assistant professorship of pathology at his alma mater (Howard) in 1961 and by 1970 was promoted to the rank of professor and named Medical School Dean.
Even though Mann had left the regular Army, he remained in the military as an Army Medical Corps reservist and by 1975 was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General. From 1988 until 1991, after a period of retirement, Mann served as Associate Vice President at Howard University. In that role, he established the University's Office of Research and Administration. But, the accomplishments that he is probably best remembered for came as Dean of the College of Medicine.
Deanship at Howard
During Mann's Deanship, a more rigorous entrance process was instituted and the entering Freshman class size at the Medical School was increased to 128. Dr. Mann established elaborate student support services that increased student success and reduced attrition. It was during his administration as Dean that the faculty voted to approve requirements that Part-I of the National Board examination be passed for promotion to junior, and that graduating students had passed Part-II. Under Mann's leadership, the Medical School initiated new programs leading to the Ph.D. in anatomy, genetics, and microbiology. Perhaps the most lasting accomplishment of Mann's deanship was the Medical School expansion (spearheaded by Dr. Mann) with the addition of the Seeley G. Mudd building as a pre-clinical science facility next to the existing Numa P. Adams building.
Honors
Mann's honors include being awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degrees from Georgetown University and the University of Massachusetts; serving as a diplomate of the National Board of Medical Examiners and the American Board of Pathology; and being bestowed the title of Knight Grand Commander of the Human Order of African Redemption from the Republic of Liberia.
References
1920 births
Living people
African-American academics
American pathologists
Howard University College of Medicine alumni
Howard University faculty
People from Atlanta
Tuskegee University alumni
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
United States Army Air Forces officers
21st-century African-American people |
23576907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%E2%80%9374%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 1973–74 Libyan Premier League | The 1973–74 Libyan Premier League was the 10th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963.
Overview
It was contested by 11 teams, and Al-Ahly (Tripoli) won the championship.
League standings
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
Libya
Premier League |
6904902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emission%20inventory | Emission inventory | An emission inventory (or emissions inventory) is an accounting of the amount of pollutants discharged into the atmosphere. An emission inventory usually contains the total emissions for one or more specific greenhouse gases or air pollutants, originating from all source categories in a certain geographical area and within a specified time span, usually a specific year.
An emission inventory is generally characterized by the following aspects:
Why: The types of activities that cause emissions
What: The chemical or physical identity of the pollutants included, and the quantity thereof
Where: The geographic area covered
When: The time period over which emissions are estimated
How: The methodology to use
Emission inventories are compiled for both scientific applications and for use in policy processes.
Use
Emissions and releases to the environment are the starting point of every environmental pollution problem. Information on emissions therefore is an absolute requirement in understanding environmental problems and in monitoring progress towards solving these. Emission inventories provide this type of information.
Emission inventories are developed for a variety of purposes:
Policy use: by policy makers to
track progress towards emission reduction targets
develop strategies and policies or
Scientific use: Inventories of natural and anthropogenic emissions are used by scientists as inputs to air quality models
Policy use
Two more or less independent types of emission reporting schemes have been developed:
Annual reporting of national total emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants in response to obligations under international conventions and protocols; this type of emissions reporting aims at monitoring the progress towards agreed national emission reduction targets;
Regular emission reporting by individual industrial facilities in response to legal obligations; this type of emission reporting is developed to support public participation in decision-making.
Examples of the first are the annual emission inventories as reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for greenhouse gases and to the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) for air pollutants. In the United States, a national emissions inventory is published annually by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. This inventory is called the "National Emissions Inventory", and can be found here:
Examples of the second are the so-called Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers.
Policy users typically are interested in annual total emission only.
Scientific use
Air quality models need input to describe all air pollution sources in the study area. Air emission inventories provide this type of information. Depending on the spatial and temporal resolution of the models, the spatial and temporal resolution of the inventories frequently has to be increased beyond what is available from national emission inventories as reported to the international conventions and protocols.
Compilation
For each of the pollutants in the inventory emissions are typically estimated by multiplying the intensity of each relevant activity ('activity rate') in the geographical area and time span with a pollutant dependent proportionality constant ('emission factor').
Why: the source categories
To compile an emission inventory, all sources of the pollutants must be identified and quantified. Frequently used source categorisations are
those defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, IPCC Good practice guidance and uncertainty management in national greenhouse gas inventories, IPCC Good practice guidance for land use, land use change and forestry and more recently the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
those defined in the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP); recently the LRTAP Convention adopted a source categorisation that is largely consistent with those of IPCC, to replace the more technology oriented Standardized Nomenclature for Air Pollutants (SNAP) used until 2005.
Both source categorisations make a clear distinction between sources related to the combustion of (fossil) fuels and those that are not caused by combustion. In most cases the specific fuel combusted in the former is added to the source definition. Source categories include:
Energy
Fuel combustion
Stationary combustion
Industrial combustion
Residential heating
Mobile combustion (transport)
Fugitive emissions from (fossil) fuel use
Industrial Processes
Solvent and other product use
Agriculture
LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry)
Waste
Many researchers and research projects use their own source classifications, sometimes based on either the IPCC or the SNAP source categories, but in most cases the source categories listed above will be included.
What: the pollutants
Emission inventories have been developed and still are being developed for two major groups of pollutants:
Greenhouse gases:
Carbon dioxide (CO2),
Methane (CH4),
Nitrous oxide (N2O) and
A number of fluorinated gaseous compounds (HFCs, PFCs, SF6)
Other greenhouse gases, not included in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Air pollutants:
Acidifying pollutants: sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx, a combination of nitrogen monoxide, NO and nitrogen dioxide, NO2) and ammonia (NH3),
Photochemical smog precursors: again nitrogen oxides and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs)
Particulates and particulate precursors
Toxic pollutants like heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Where: geographical resolution
Typically national inventories provide data summed at the national territory only. In some cases additional information on major industrial stacks ('point sources') is available. Stacks are also called release points, because not all emissions come from stacks. Other industrial sources include fugitive emissions, which cannot be attributed to any single release point.
Some inventories are compiled from sub-national entities such as states and counties (in the U.S.), which can provide additional spatial resolution.
In scientific applications, where higher resolutions are needed, geographical information such as population densities, land use or other data can provide tools to disaggregate the national level emissions to the required resolution, matching the geographical resolution of the model.
When: temporal resolution
Similarly, national emission inventories provide total emissions in a specific year, based on national statistics. In some model applications higher temporal resolutions are needed, for instance when modelling air quality problems related to road transport. In such cases data on time dependent traffic intensities (rush hours, weekends and working days, summer and winter driving patterns, etc.) can be used to establish the required higher temporal resolution.
Inventories compiled from Continuous Emissions Monitors (CEMs) can provide hourly emissions data.
How: methodology to compile an emission inventory
The European Environment Agency updated in 2007 the third edition of the inventory guidebook. The guidebook is prepared by the UNECE/EMEP Task Force on Emission Inventories and Projections and provides a detailed guide to the atmospheric emissions inventory methodology.
Especially for Road Transport the European Environment Agency finances COPERT 4, a software program to calculate emissions which will be included in official annual national inventories.
Quality
The quality of an emission inventory depends on its use. In policy applications, the inventory should comply with all what has been decided under the relevant convention. Both the UNFCCC and LRTAP conventions require an inventory to follow the quality criteria below (see):
A well constructed inventory should include enough documentation and other data to allow readers and users to understand the underlying assumptions and to assess its usability in an intended application.
See also
Emission factor
Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database
Greenhouse gas inventory
Notes
External Links
National inventories of GhG emitted in 2019 (received by the UNFCCC in 2021)
Sources and further reading
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emissions Factors
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Toxics Release Inventory
European Environment Agency EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook 2009
U.S. Toxic Air Emissions Map
COPERT 4 - Computer Programme to Calculate Emissions from Road Transport
Methodology for the calculation of exhaust emissions - Road Transport
Air pollution emissions
Greenhouse gas inventories |
23576912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpang | Simpang | Simpang, is a planning area located in the North Region of Singapore. The word Simpang means junction or intersection in Malay. It is situated north of Yishun, east of Sembawang and west of Seletar. Pulau Seletar is classified under Simpang planning area. Jalan Kuala Simpang was the main road serving the area. Sungei Simpang Kiri, Sungei Simpang Kanan and Simpang Kiri Park Connector retain and reflect the name of the area.
Simpang is currently a swamp area which is used by the Singapore Armed Forces as a training ground since the early 1996, after the plan of developing a "Simpang New Town" was rejected. In the original 1993 plan, the area was slated for 20,000 housing units in a low density. After the rejection and lull, there are plans for it to be converted into a high-density housing estate.
North Region, Singapore
Places in Singapore |
6904919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monclova%20Christian%20Academy | Monclova Christian Academy | Monclova Christian Academy is a private Christian school in Monclova, Ohio, United States, southwest of Toledo. It is a ministry of Monclova Road Baptist Church.
Monclova Christian Academy was founded in 1999 by Russell Merrin, pastor of Monclova Road Baptist Church. Throughout that first year, only 30 students were enrolled. The first graduate of Monclova Christian Academy was Brian Keel who graduated with a class size of 1. Since then, the school has grown drastically to over 200 students.
Later, a graduate of MCA and son of the founder (Derek Merrin) became the mayor of Waterville, Ohio.
Although the school is small, it has participated in athletics with both private and public schools. Monclova Christian Academy's athletics include soccer, volleyball, basketball, tennis, and track. A cheerleading team has also been added in past years and continues to encourage school spirit during basketball games along with the MCA Pep Band.
In 2008, a preschool class was added to the school. This was a result of an expansion on the main church building that was added on to the building.
External links
School Website
Baptist schools in the United States
Christian schools in Ohio
High schools in Lucas County, Ohio
Private high schools in Ohio
Private middle schools in Ohio
Private elementary schools in Ohio |
23576913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichocentrum%20splendidum | Trichocentrum splendidum | Trichocentrum splendidum is a species of orchid endemic to Guatemala.
References
External links
splendidum
Orchids of Guatemala
Endemic flora of Guatemala |
6904921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20Rosen%20%28attorney%29 | Lawrence Rosen (attorney) | Lawrence Rosen (also Larry Rosen) is an attorney and computer specialist. He is a founding partner of Rosenlaw & Einschlag, a Californian technology law firm, specializing in intellectual property protection, licensing and business transactions for technology companies. He also served as general counsel and secretary of the Open Source Initiative, and participates in open source foundations and projects, such as the Python Software Foundation, and the Free Standards Group.
Rosen was a lecturer in law at Stanford Law School in Spring 2006. He is the author of the Academic Free License and the Open Software License. He is a member of the board of the Open Web Foundation. Rosen was a director of the Apache Software Foundation from July 2011 to March 2012.
References
External links
Lawrence Rosen's page at Rosenlaw & Einschlag
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American lawyers
Stanford Law School faculty |
23576915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiog%C5%8D%20Dam | Shiogō Dam | The is a dam on the main stream of the Ōi River, in the town of Kawanehon, Haibara District, Shizuoka Prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan.
History
The potential of the Ōi River valley for hydroelectric power development was realized by the Meiji government at the start of the 20th century. The Ōi River was characterized by a high volume of flow and a fast current. Its mountainous upper reaches and tributaries were areas of steep valleys and abundant rainfall, and were sparsely populated. From the 1930s through the 1960s, numerous concrete gravity dams had been constructed on the main flow of the Ōi River, and to its various tributary streams.
The Shiogō Dam and neighboring Sasamagawa Dam were constructed to provide water for the 58,000 KW Kawaguchi Hydroelectric Plant built by the Shimada city government. Construction work began in 1958 and was completed by 1961. Although styled as a "dam", the structure is in fact a weir, as it does not meet the 15-meter height stipulated in Japanese construction regulations to qualify as a "dam".
Controversy
The Shiogō Dam was built in an area where the Ōi River made a number of turns over swift rapids. The area was a popular fishery for ayu and Japanese dace, which the dam replaced with an area of stagnant, algae-polluted water with an offensive smell. The dam also reduced the amount of sand and silt reaching the mouth of the Ōi River, thus further contributing to shoreline erosion. Legal efforts by local municipalities and landowners to recover water rights over the Ōi River and force the dismantling of the dam have consistently failed in courts.
References
Japan Commission on Large Dams. Dams in Japan:Past, Present and Future. CRC Press (2009).
photo page with data
Weirs
Dams in Shizuoka Prefecture
Hydroelectric power stations in Japan
Dams completed in 1961 |
17337276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309%20Derby%20County%20F.C.%20season | 2008–09 Derby County F.C. season | The 2008–09 season is Derby County's 110th season in the Football League. It is their 41st season in the second division of English football and their first season in the second tier since the 2006–07 season. They were relegated from the FA Premier League in the 2007–08 season.
Despite relegation from the Premier League the previous season hopes had been high of an immediate return, especially after manager Paul Jewell's summer reconstruction of the squad seeing 16 players come in and 12 leave. However, things did not go to plan and the club spent the majority of the season in the lower reaches of the table. They were bottom of the league going into the August international break, after a 2–0 defeat away to Barnsley left the club with a single point from the first four games of the season. A 2–1 win over Sheffield United was the club's first league win in almost a year, bringing to an end of a 38-game winless sequence, and a run of just one defeat in 11, with 5 wins, lifted the club to the season high of ninth. Form soon dipped again and, after a run of just two wins in 11 matches which left the club 18th in the table, Jewell quit as manager on 28 December 2008 after just over a year in the job. He left with a record of just 13 wins in 58 matches, though he did take the club to their first major cup semi-final in over 30 years when the club reached the League Cup semi-final, where they lost 4–3 on aggregate to eventual winners Manchester United.
His replacement was Nigel Clough, manager of non-league Burton Albion and son of the club's former manager Brian. Despite overseeing two defeats in his first two games, Clough soon turned the club's form around, taking them to the 5th round of the FA Cup and just three defeats in 13 matches, a run which included four consecutive wins. A run of three consecutive defeats in mid April meant that survival was not guaranteed until the penultimate game of the season when Player of the Year Rob Hulse scored the winner in a 1–0 win over Charlton Athletic at Pride Park.
Review
Pre-season
Following the final day of the 2007–08 season, Jewell publicly announced his displeasure with the current squad, promising drastic changes. Within four weeks of the close of the season Derby confirmed five new signings, namely Plymouth defender Paul Connolly, Doncaster midfielder Paul Green, Watford F.C. defender Jordan Stewart and Nottingham Forest winger Kris Commons on frees. Watford's Nathan Ellington joined on a season-long loan (with a view to a permanent deal). In addition to these, the club signed out of contract Tranmere youngster Steve Davies on 12 June 2008 on a Bosman (although as he is under 24, a tribunal fee was set at £275k, with an additional £450k based on appearances and promotion). West Bromwich Albion's Martin Albrechtsen joined for free on 30 June 2008, and Stockport striker Liam Dickinson signed for £750k on 1 July 2008. Sheffield United striker Rob Hulse followed for £1.75m on 21 July 2008, the same day a season long loan deal for FC Porto and Poland international midfielder Przemyslaw Kazmierczak was finalised. On 7 August, just two days before the start of the new season, the club completed its eleventh and twelfth signings of pre-season, in the shape of Swiss-born Serbian U-19 international Aleksandar Prijović, who rejected a new deal with Parma to join the club, for free and Latvian international midfielder Andrejs Perepļotkins on a season long loan from Skonto FC Rīga after impressing on trial at the club. Finally, on 19 August the club signed Dutch attacking midfielder Nacer Barazite on loan until 31 December 2008 from Arsenal.
These thirteen signings all came in addition to Australian midfielder Ruben Zadkovich, who was signed in March. There were also unsuccessful attempts to sign Swansea midfielder Ferrie Bodde and Wigan's Marlon King on a season-long loan. Trials were also given to former Reading winger John Oster (who rejected the offer of a contract), Nigerian midfielder Richard Eromoigbe (whom the club decided not to sign), Australian defender Daniel Piorkowski (who eventually joined Walsall) and French midfielder Julien Sablé. (who, as with Eromoigbe, the club declined to sign)
Four players were initially allowed to leave the club, with the contracts of Michael Johnson, Lee Holmes and Marc Edworthy not being renewed following their completion, and Ben Hinchcliffe's contract being terminated. Andy Todd was told he could leave on a free transfer but is still currently with the club. Players moving out for fees were Kenny Miller, who rejoined Rangers for £2m; club record signing Rob Earnshaw for £2.65m to rivals Nottingham Forest less than a year after joining the club; David Jones, who joined Wolves for £1.2m; Craig Fagan, who returned to Hull City for £750k and Darren Moore, who signed for Barnsley on a free.
Stephen Pearson was expected to move to Birmingham but the move fell through due to Birmingham's unwillingness to sign the player while injured and Pearson rejecting a loan move. Stephen Bywater was the subject of an accepted £200k bid from Tottenham. However, despite taking a medical, Tottenham decided not to sign Bywater. Shortly after the start of the season, these players were joined by Eddie Lewis, whose contract was terminated by mutual consent and Benny Feilhaber who joined Danish side AGF Aarhus on a free. Another, unwanted, departure came with the news of club captain Alan Stubbs' retirement through injury on 20 August.
August
The first game of the new Championship season saw nine of Jewell's summer signings make their debuts (seven starting and two as substitutes), but lost 1–0 to Doncaster. This stretched the club's winless run to 33 matches and saw Jewell express disappointment with his players failing to cope with the pressure. Jewell finally got his first win as Derby manager (not counting an FA Cup third round penalties victory against Sheff Wednesday in January 2008) three days later as Derby beat Lincoln 3–1 in the League Cup first round, with Nathan Ellington getting his first goals for the club with a hattrick. A 1–1 draw with Bristol Rovers four days later saw the club break the league record for longest winless streak, stretching it to 34 matches.
On 14 August 2008 the club finally announced the extent of the club's debt after several months of speculation. The club's new chairman, Andrew Appleby, announced that upon arrival at the club in January 2008, Derby were £31m in debt. This had been reduced by £6m to £25m in the first six months of the new boards tenure, with the aim to reduce it by a further £10m by August 2009, leaving Derby with only the £15m mortgage on the Pride Park Stadium to repay. It was also announced that £10.4m of the 2008–09 season's £11.5m parachute payment has already been spent on players bought the previous summer. These players (such as Kenny Miller and Claude Davis) had still not completely been paid for, with Chairman of Football Adam Pearson stating that "We’ve (Derby County) still got to find £3m this month for Claude Davis, Kenny Miller, David Jones and Benny Feilhaber – so that's another significant investment." He added that "At the minute, the wages are circa £2.5m more than where I’d like them to be on an annual basis, so that needs taking care of." This was followed by a mixed series of results, with two more league defeats (1–0 at home to Southampton and 2–0 away to Barnsley, both clubs previously without a win) leaving the club bottom of the table going into the two-week international break, sandwiching a 1–0 win away to in-form Preston North End in the League Cup second round.
On 29 August 2008 Mears caused controversy when he flew to France to go on trial with Olympic Marseille without the express permission of Derby manager Paul Jewell. Jewell responded, saying that Mears will never play for the club again whilst he is in charge. Following the trial, the clubs agreed that Mears would go on loan to Marseille for the duration of the 2008–09 season, for a loan fee of £160,000, with the French club having the option to buy him for £1.5m at the end of the loan.
September
Following the two-week break for international fixtures, Derby's next match was against Sheffield United. The game generated much media coverage as it was approaching a year since Derby's last league win, a run which saw the club break the English league record for most matches without a win. On 13 September 2008, four days short of the anniversary of the 1–0 win over Newcastle, Rob Hulse scored against his former club as Derby ran out 2–1 winners, earning Paul Jewell his first league win as Derby boss at his 27th attempt. The win sparked an upturn in the club's fortunes and Derby went the whole of September undefeated, including the club's first away win in 18 months with a 2–0 success away to Q.P.R. and a draw at home to league leaders Birmingham City. The form of defender Martin Albrechtsen saw him nominated for the Championship Player of the Month award, though he lost out to Reading's Kevin Doyle.
October
Derby's undefeated run was stretched to six games after a 2–1 win away to Norwich City, which saw Nathan Ellington get his first league goal for the club with an 85th-minute winner. The win meant that Derby had earned more points in six matches than in the whole of the previous season and put them within two points of a play-off place going into the international break. Returning from the international break, The Rams continued their run, taking it to seven games, by beating Plymouth Argyle 2–1 at home. A 3–2 defeat away to Blackpool ended the club's unbeaten streak, but the Rams recovered to earn a point at Coventry City and beat Norwich for the second time in a month, winning 3–1 at home with a performance Paul Jewell described as "Our best yet". Rob Hulse's form during October saw him awarded the Championship Player of the Month award, after he scored four goals in five games, while Paul Jewell earned his first Championship Manager of the Month nomination as Derby boss, though he eventually lost out to Cardiff's Dave Jones.
November
November started with the return of the East Midlands derby against Nottingham Forest to the fixture list, following a three-year absence. The match ended as a 1–1 draw after referee Stuart Attwell disallowed two Derby goals in the final few minutes. Atwell also booked eight players and issued a straight red card to Forest midfielder Lewis McGugan. Jewell was especially vocal in his dismay at Attwell's performance, accusing the 25-year-old official of 'losing control' of the game and 'robbing' the Rams of a victory. The press furore around his display saw Attwell called in for a meeting with Referee's Chief Keith Hackett and was consequently axed from the following week's fixture list. Days after the game Derby manager Paul Jewell said that a member of the Football Association had contacted him and told him that the second goal should have stood. The Attwell controversy overshadowed Derby's run of only one defeat in 11 and their retention of the Brian Clough Trophy. It also stretched Derby's unbeaten streak against Forest to five, having lost just once to their rivals in the last 11 meetings. Following the Forest game however, Derby's form began to stutter – despite two wins over League One clubs Brighton & Hove Albion (4–1) and Leeds United (2–1) in the League Cup, taking Derby to their first quarter-final in the competition since 1989, Derby won just one of their next four league games, a 3–0 win over Sheffield Wednesday that gave them their biggest league win since a 5–1 win over Colchester United in May 2007. The club's dip in form saw Jewell making vocal his desire to bring fresh legs and impetus into a squad being hit by injuries and a busy fixture list, whilst assistant manager Chris Hutchings called for greater 'consistency'. Despite the club's disappointing form they remained in contention for the play-offs. The last week of November proved to be a busy one as the club signed former Southampton defender Darren Powell on a free transfer and brought in West Ham United youngster James Tomkins and Charlton Athletic's Luke Varney in on loan, with Andy Todd, Liam Dickinson, Jay McEveley and Mitchell Hanson going out on loan to Northampton, Blackpool, Charlton and Notts County respectively.
December
Despite these changes the club's poor form carried into December, where defeats by Crystal Palace and Wolves saw the club drop to 18th in the league and claims within the media that Jewell's position as manager was under threat, rumours denied by the club itself. Away from the league, a 1–0 win away to Stoke City in the League Cup saw the club reach the semi-final of a major cup competition for the first time since the 1976 FA Cup semi-final against Manchester United, who, ironically, the club drew to face this time around too. The league form continued to worsen, with defeats against Preston and Ipswich leaving the club just five points clear of relegation and, with pressure from supporters and the media increasing, Paul Jewell resigned as manager on 28 December, with assistant manager Chris Hutchings taking over as caretaker manager. His first move was to recall Liam Dickinson from his loan spell at Blackpool.
January
The resignation of Paul Jewell saw a raft of names being linked with Derby County, including former manager Billy Davies
, Paul Ince, Nigel Clough, Dean Saunders, Aidy Boothroyd and Alan Curbishley.
On the pitch Hutchings first game in charge saw The Rams go 2–0 down in the first 20 minutes away to non-league Forest Green in the FA Cup Third Round before eventually winning 4–3, earning the club a draw with local rivals Nottingham Forest in the 4th Round. The club made its first foray into the January transfer window on 5 January 2009 with the signing of Middlesbrough defender Seb Hines on a monthlong loan. The same day Adam Pearson announced that a shortlist of managerial candidates had been written up, with suggestions it contained caretaker manager Chris Hutchings, Burton Albion's Nigel Clough, Peterborough boss Darren Ferguson and former Derby player Dean Saunders, manager of Wrexham, with Clough as the 'top target'. The same day saw Clough officially approached about the position and he was announced as Derby's new manager on 6 January 2008, bringing his backroom staff of Gary Crosby, Andy Garner and Martin Taylor with him from Burton Albion.
Clough was introduced to the Derby support on 7 January, prior to the kick off of the League Cup Semi-Final First Leg against Manchester United. The match presided over by Academy Manager David Lowe as a result of Chris Hutchings leaving the club following Clough's appointment and Kris Commons's 30th minute 25-yard strike was enough to give the Rams a 1–0 lead to take into the second leg. The win was their second against Premier League opposition in the competition and put the club in the strange position of beating more Premier League teams in the 2008/09 season than the previous campaign when they had actually been in the Premier League.
Clough's first game in charge was due to be Cardiff City away in the Championship, but it was called off due to a frozen pitch. Clough also announced his intention to cut the squad as he felt it had 'too many players', with his first move being to cancel Latvian winger Andrejs Pereplotkins' loan, release defender Darren Powell when two-month contract expired and loan out Aleksandar Prijović, Giles Barnes, Lewis Price and Claude Davis out to Yeovil Town, Fulham, Luton Town and Crystal Palace respectively. He also cancelled the contract of Guinean left back Mo Camara.
Clough's first game in charge was a home game against Q.P.R. which ended in a 2–0 defeat and saw Derby drop to 20th in the table and followed it up with a 4–2 defeat away to Manchester United in the second leg of the League Cup Semi Final which saw Derby knocked out of the competition 4–3 on aggregate. Derby's second cup match in three days saw them draw 1–1 with rivals Nottingham Forest at Pride Park in the FA Cup Fourth Round. His second league match, away to Birmingham City ended in a 1–0 defeat which saw the club drop into the bottom three for the first time since August. Clough's first win came with a 2–1 victory over Coventry City, which saw the club leap to 18th in the table. The match was watched from the stands by Clough's first signing, Chris Porter, who signed for an undisclosed fee, believed to be around £400k from Motherwell.
February
Clough earned his first away win as Derby manager with a 3–2 win away at Nottingham Forest in the FA Cup 4th Round replay on 4 February 2009 to book an FA Cup 5th Round tie at home to Manchester United. The win was Derby's first win at the City Ground since October 1971, when the club was managed by Nigel's father Brian, and saw the club come from being 2–0 down after 15 minutes to get the win, earning the Rams the F&C Performance of The Week award. A 3–0 win away at Plymouth Argyle the weekend after was Derby's biggest away win for seven years and saw the club leap up to 16th in the table. The Rams three match winning streak was ended when Man Utd knocked them out of a cup competition for the second time in a month as they ran out 4–1 winners in the FA Cup Fifth Round. The Rams returned to winning ways with a 4–1 victory over Blackpool and a 3–1 win away at Nottingham Forest, their second win at their rivals ground in a month, before a 2–1 defeat away to Doncaster Rovers.
March
The first game of March saw Chris Porter grab his first goals for the club since his move from Motherwell in a 2–2 draw at home to Swansea City, a match in which The Rams threw away a 2–0 lead, leaving them just 5 points clear of the relegation zone, though still with games in hand on the majority of their relegation rivals due to the club's various cup successes. Despite only drawing, Clough declared the performance "the best since we have been here. "
Away from the pitch, the same week saw the club take Blackburn Rovers youngster Josh O'Keefe on trial, with a view to a permanent move in the summer when his contract expired., Jordan Stewart's 25-yard strike in the October 2008 win over Sheffield Wednesday nominated for the Football League Mitre Goal of the Year 2008 award and key players Miles Addison and Paul Green seasons ended by injury. Despite these setbacks, the Rams returned to winning ways with a 2–1 victory over play off chasing Bristol City, with Chris Porter scoring his third for the club after just 52 seconds and Rob Hulse grabbing his 15th of the campaign to seal the win just 2 minutes after Bristol City had equalised. The result meant the club had taken 16 points from the last 21 available and took the club to 15th in the table, eight points clear of the relegation places. In an attempt to soften the blow of losing Green and Addison, midfielders John Eustace and Barry Bannan were brought in on loan from Watford and Aston Villa respectively. As Clough stated he felt the club had too many strikers, strikers Liam Dickinson (Leeds United), Aleksandar Prijović (Northampton Town) and Paris Simmons (Lincoln City) and Luke Varney (Sheffield Wednesday) were sent out on loan, though Simmons returned after just 4 days due to an ankle injury. The new signings could not help the Rams record a win in the months remaining fixtures, with draws against Southampton and Barnsley sandwiching a 2–4 defeat away to playoff chasing Sheff Utd.
April
April proved to be a difficult month for the Rams, with 4 of the first six matches of the month coming against clubs in the Top 6. Three ended in defeat – 4–1 away to Cardiff City, 3–2 at home to Wolves and 2–0 at home to Reading. The club did earn a point at home to Burnley, thanks to Paul Connolly's 93rd-minute equaliser in a 1–1 draw, but a defeat away at midtable Crystal Palace meant that only a 1–0 victory at Sheffield Wednesday gave Derby three points. It meant a run of only one win in 9 games, but the victory at Hillsborough did take the club over the 50 points marker set by Clough as the target for survival.
The last home game of the season against Charlton Athletic saw Hulse presented with the Jack Stamps Trophy for Player of the Season by 1997 winner Chris Powell. He celebrated by hitting his 18th goal of the season as Derby won 1–0 to guarantee their Championship survival.
With safety assured, Clough began to restructure the squad and backroom staff ahead of the 2009–10 season. In terms of backroom staff, Clough announced his intention to restructure the academy, appointing former Derby players Darren Wassall and Michael Forsyth and Wolves Academy director John Perkins to the backroom staff, to replace the departed Phil Cannon, David Lowe and Brian Burrows. In terms of playing staff it was announced that Andy Todd and Paris Simmons would not have their contracts extended, with loanees Przemyslaw Kazmierczak, Nacer Barazite and Barry Bannan returning to their clubs.
May
The season ended with an experimental line-up, featuring Rob Hulse at centre-half and Stephen Pearson at left back, losing 3–1 away to Watford to finish 18th in the Championship, the club's lowest league finish for three years, eight points clear of the relegation zone. The day after the match, Clough announced his intention to cut the playing staff by up to 17 players.
End of season squad
Up to and including 4 May 2009.
Transfers
Summer (1 July 2008 – 1 September 2008)
In
Permanent
Total spending: ~ £3.25m
Loan
Out
Permanent
Total income: ~ £6.6 million
Loan
January (1 January – 2 February 2009)
In
Permanent
Total spending: ~ £1.4m
Loan
Out
Permanent
Total income: ~ £0.0 million
Loan
Results
Pre season
Cancelled Fixture
A proposed friendly away to Lincoln City, due to take place on 26 July 2008, was cancelled by mutual consent when the two clubs drew each other in the first round of the League Cup.
Football League Championship
FA Cup
League Cup
Squad statistics
Appearances, goals and cards
Last Updated – 3 May 2009
2008/09 Records
Club
Biggest Win – 4–1 v Blackpool (18 February 2009)
Biggest Defeat – 1–4 v Cardiff City (8 April 2009)
Consecutive Victories – 4 (31 January 2009 – 21 February 2009)
Longest Unbeaten Run – 7 (14 September 2008 – 18 October 2008)
Consecutive Defeats – 4 (26 December 2008 – 27 January 2009)
Longest Winless Run – 6 (22 November 2008 – 15 December 2009)
Individuals
End of Season Awards
League
Most league appearances:
Most league Goals:
All Competitions
Most appearances:
Most Goals:
References
Notes
External links
Derby County FC official site
Derby County FC on Soccerbase
Derby County F.C. seasons
Derby County |
23576921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz%20Hakyemez | Deniz Hakyemez | Deniz Hakyemez Çetin Saraç (born 3 February 1983) is a Turkish volleyball player. She is tall and plays as an outside hitter. She studied at Marmara University.
Hakyemez plays for Galatasaray Medical Park. She signed 1-year contract with the team in July 2009.
Awards
Club
2011-12 Turkish Cup - Runner-up, with Galatasaray Daikin
2011-12 CEV Cup - Runner-up, with Galatasaray Daikin
See also
Turkish women in sports
References
External links
FIVB Profile
Deniz Hakyemez Çetinsaraç at WorldofVolley
Deniz Hakyemez (Çetinsaraç) at Volleybox.net
1983 births
Living people
Turkish women's volleyball players
Eczacıbaşı volleyball players
Beşiktaş volleyballers
VakıfBank S.K. volleyballers
Galatasaray S.K. (women's volleyball) players
Marmara University alumni
Mediterranean Games medalists in volleyball
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Turkey
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Turkey
Competitors at the 2005 Mediterranean Games
Competitors at the 2009 Mediterranean Games |
23576934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 1974–75 Libyan Premier League | The 1974–75 Libyan Premier League was the 11th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963.
Overview
It was contested by 12 teams, and Al-Ahly (Benghazi) won the championship.
League standings
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
Libya
Premier League |
17337278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Craft%20and%20Sarah%20Fain | Elizabeth Craft and Sarah Fain | Elizabeth Craft and Sarah Fain are American television screenwriters and producers, mostly working together as partners. They have also written two young adult fiction novels together.
Craft and Fain are from Kansas City, Missouri and wrote their first piece together when they were 15 for their high school newspaper. Both Craft and Fain attended The Pembroke Hill School. Craft then graduated from Columbia College in 1993. She is married to producer Adam Fierro and is the sister of writer Gretchen Rubin. Sarah Fain graduated from Williams College in 1993.
Works
The Fix
Craft and Fain were Executive Producers, Creators and writers on the limited television series The Fix. On this project they partnered with Marcia Clark, who was a co-executive producer. The Fix aired its 10 episodes on ABC.
Angel
Craft and Fain joined Mutant Enemy Productions in 2002, during the fourth season of Joss Whedon's Angel. They penned eight episodes of seasons 4 and 5 and served as the show's executive story editors during its fifth season.
The Shield
After Angel went off air in 2004, Craft and Fain joined the staff of The Shield as co-producers of the show's fourth season. They eventually became producers of the fifth, and supervising producers of the sixth season, also writing several episodes during this time.
Women's Murder Club
In 2007, Craft and Fain created Women's Murder Club, a police procedural drama produced by 20th Century Fox Television and airing on ABC. The show premiered on October 12, 2007 and had Craft and Fain also serving as its executive producers. After producing the first ten episodes, the show went on hiatus due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, and Craft and Fain were subsequently fired from the project. They are therefore not involved in the final three episodes of Women's Murder Club.
Dollhouse
In 2008, Craft and Fain returned to working with Joss Whedon on his new and upcoming series Dollhouse as showrunners. The show, produced by 20th Century Fox Television, got a thirteen-episode commitment by Fox and began airing there in February 2009 running for two seasons.
Lie to Me
When the cancellation of Dollhouse was announced, Fox moved Craft and Fain to the writing staff of the new TV series Lie to Me, which surprised Joss Whedon fans. Craft and Fain were under contract to Fox, not Whedon, and they explained that it was a decision by their employers in which they had little say.
Secret Circle
Craft and Fain in 2010 developed a series with Kevin Williamson for The CW based upon The Secret Circle book trilogy by L. J. Smith. Screenwriter Andrew Miller is penning the pilot. Secret Circle follows a 16-year-old girl named Cassie, who moves to New Salem and enrolls in a high school there but she soon discovers that she and the other students are witches.
Fantasy Island
Craft and Fain rebooted Fantasy Island for Fox in 2021.
Novels
The duo have written two novels, Bass Ackwards and Belly Up and its sequel Footfree and Fancyloose. They follow 9 months in the life of four teenage best friends, Harper, Becca, Kate, and Sophie.
Happier in Hollywood podcast
On her weekly podcast Happier with Gretchen Rubin, Elizabeth Craft discusses good habits and happiness with her New York-based sister, Gretchen Rubin.
Elizabeth and Sarah started their own spinoff of the podcast, titled "Happier in Hollywood," in May 2017.
References
External links
Elizabeth Craft and Sarah Fain on Myspace
Elizabeth Craft and Sarah Fain answer our questions..... Interview with fans of Dollhouse at dollhousetvforum.com
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American women writers
American television producers
American women television producers
American television writers
American women novelists
Living people
Screenwriting duos
Showrunners
American women television writers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Williams College alumni
21st-century American screenwriters
Columbia College (New York) alumni |
20477065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artur%20Gework%C3%BDan | Artur Geworkýan | Artur Aleksandrowiç Gevorkýan (born 22 November 1984) is a professional Turkmen footballer who currently plays for FC Ahal and the Turkmenistan national football team.
Career
Of Armenian origin, Gevorkyan currently plays for Nasaf Qarshi since 2011. Before joining Nasaf he played for Pakhtakor Tashkent. In 2011 Gevorkyan won 2011 AFC Cup with Nasaf, scoring 4 goals in tournament and 11 goals in League matches.
In 2013 season Gevorkyan scored 18 goals, only one goal less than best scorer Oleksandr Pyschur. He was named on 2014 Uzbekistan Football award ceremony the UzPFL Player of the Year. He was named four times UzPFL Player of the Month in 2013 season. Gevorkyan became in 2014 best League goalscorer, scoring again 18 goals in League matches. In 2015, he won with Nasaf his first Uzbek Cup, scoring in final match against Bunyodkor on 17 October 2015 first goal of Nasaf. On 17 February 2016 in Uzbekistan Super Cup match against the current champion Pakhtakor Gevorkyan scored on 40-minute the only goal of the match, securing victory of his club. He made significant contribution to the club's Cup victories in 2015.
On 4 March 2016 he was announced by Uzbekistan Football Federation for the 2nd time Uzbek League Player of Year in 2015 according to the survey results among sport journalists.
In March 2019 as a free agent, he moved to the Turkmen FC Ahal, in the Ýokary Liga.
In April 2019 on the rights of a free agent, signed a one-year contract with the football club Persib Bandung from Indonesia. In August 2019, Persib Bandung and Artur Gevorkyan decided to terminate the contract by mutual desire.
International career
He played for Turkmenistan futsal team at 2006 AFC Futsal Championship.
He made debut for Turkmenistan on 11 October 2007 in 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Cambodia. In his 2nd match for national team on 28 October 2007, 2nd leg match against Cambodia in Ashgabat ended with 4–1 score, Gevorkyan scored two goals.
Career statistics
Club
International
Statistics accurate as of match played 9 November 2016
International goals
Honours
Club
Nasaf Qarshi
Uzbek Cup (1) 2015
Uzbekistan Super Cup (1) 2015
Uzbek League runner-up: 2011
Uzbek Cup runner-up (3): 2011, 2012, 2013
AFC Cup (1): 2011
Lokomotiv
Uzbek League (1) 2016
Uzbek Cup (1) 2016
Individual
UzPFL Player of the Month (5): March 2013, June 2013, August 2013, October 2013, September 2014
Uzbek League Player of Year: 2013, 2015
Uzbek League Foreign Footballer of the Year (2): 2013, 2014
Uzbek League Top Scorer: 2014 (18 goals)
AFC Cup MVP (1): 2011
References
External links
Turkmenistan footballers
Turkmenistan international footballers
Turkmenistan people of Armenian descent
Ethnic Armenian sportspeople
Living people
1984 births
Sportspeople from Ashgabat
FC Kyzylzhar players
FC Aşgabat players
Pakhtakor Tashkent FK players
FC Nasaf players
FC Ahal players
Persib Bandung players
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
Association football forwards
Turkmenistan expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan
Expatriate footballers in Uzbekistan
Expatriate footballers in Indonesia
Turkmenistan expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan expatriate sportspeople in Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan expatriate sportspeople in Indonesia
Men's futsal players
AFC Cup winning players |
23576941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20Ignagni | Karen Ignagni | Karen Ignagni (b. 1954, Providence, RI) is the President and Chief Executive Officer of EmblemHealth as of 9/1/2015, until which time she was the President and Chief Executive Officer of America's Health Insurance Plans (AHIP), formerly HIAA (Health Insurance Association of America). She is often mentioned as one of the most effective lobbyists and the most powerful people in healthcare. She is involved in health care reform in the United States, working to benefit health insurance companies.
Background
Ignagni grew up in Providence, where her father was a fireman and mother worked at the city hall, her brother Robert currently resides in South Windsor, CT. She graduated from the Providence College, where she majored in political science, and from Loyola College Executive MBA program.
Ignagni led the American Association of Health Plans (AAHP) from 1993 until 2003 when it merged with the Health Insurance Association of America. Before joining AAHP, she was a director of the AFL-CIO's Department of Employee Benefits. Previously she worked in the U.S. Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and as a staffer for Senator Claiborne Pell.
Ignagni wrote articles on health care policy issues in The New York Times, USA Today, the New York Daily News, and New England Journal of Medicine, among others. She sits advisory groups and boards including the Board of the National Academy of Social Insurance, the Partnership for Prevention, and the Bryce Harlow Foundation.
Recognition
She received the Second Century Award for Excellence in Health Care. George Magazine listed her among 50 Most Powerful People in Politics. The New York Times wrote in 1999 that "in a city teeming with health care lobbyists, Ms. Ignagni is widely considered one of the most effective. She blends a detailed knowledge of health policy with an intuitive feel for politics." The Hill newspaper included her among Washington's most effective lobbyists in 2004. She is also an occasional object of derision, such as when Health Care for America Now group awarded Ignagni a "protector of profits" award.
2009 health care reform debate
In June 2009, Ignagni addressed President Barack Obama: "You have our commitment to play, to contribute and to help pass health care reform this year". In October 2009, AHIP issued a report projecting sharply rising costs with or without reform. The study was conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers. As described by Ignagni, "The report makes clear that several major provisions in the current legislative proposal will cause healthcare costs to increase far faster and higher than they would under the current system". Ignagni defended the report on PBS Newshour against the accusation by Nancy-Ann DeParle, the director of the White House Office of Health Reform, that the "industry puts their special interest ahead of the national interests here".
References
External links
American lobbyists
1954 births
Living people
AFL–CIO people
Health policy in the United States
Providence College alumni
Loyola University Maryland alumni
Businesspeople from Providence, Rhode Island |
20477074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Noble%20%28academic%29 | Peter Noble (academic) | Sir Peter Scott Noble (17 October 1899 – 12 May 1987) was a British academic who was principal of King's College London from 1952 to 1968 and later vice-chancellor of the University of London from 1961 to 1964.
Education
Noble was educated at Fraserburgh Academy, Scotland, followed by University of Aberdeen and then St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a double first in classics and Oriental language. He was made a fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.
Career
Noble was a lecturer in Latin at Liverpool University from 1926 to 1930. He then became professor of Latin language and literature at the University of Leeds from 1930 to 1938 and then Regius Professor of Humanity at the University of Aberdeen from 1938 to 1952. He served as principal of King's College London from 1952 to 1968. He was joint editor of Kharosthi Inscriptions.
Personal life
In 1928 he married Mary Stephen (died 1983) and they had two sons and one daughter. He was knighted on 1 January 1967.
See also
List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of London
References
1899 births
1987 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Academics of the University of Leeds
Academics of the University of Aberdeen
Academics of the University of Liverpool
Principals of King's College London
People educated at Fraserburgh Academy |
6904937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/67th%20World%20Science%20Fiction%20Convention | 67th World Science Fiction Convention | The 67th World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), also known as Anticipation, was held on 6–10 August 2009 at the Palais des congrès de Montréal in Montréal, Québec, Canada.
The organising committee was co-chaired by René Walling and Robbie Bourget.
This convention was also the 2009 Canvention, and therefore presented the Prix Aurora Awards.
This was the fifth Worldcon to be held in Canada, and the first one to be held in an officially French-speaking city.
Participants
Guests of Honour
Neil Gaiman
Elisabeth Vonarburg
Taral Wayne (fan)
David Hartwell (editor)
Tom Doherty (publisher)
Julie Czerneda (toastmaster)
Awards
A number of notable science fiction and fantasy awards were presented at Anticipation.
2009 Hugo Awards
Anticipation was the first Worldcon to include a category for graphic story on the Hugo ballot. The category filled with six nominations due to a tie for fifth place.
The 2009 Hugo Award statue base was designed by Seattle-based artist Dave Howell.
Best Novel: The Graveyard Book by Neil Gaiman
Best Novella: "The Erdmann Nexus" by Nancy Kress
Best Novelette: "Shoggoths in Bloom" by Elizabeth Bear
Best Short Story: "Exhalation" by Ted Chiang
Best Related Book: Your Hate Mail Will Be Graded: A Decade of Whatever, 1998–2008 by John Scalzi
Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form: WALL-E, story by Andrew Stanton and Pete Docter; screenplay by Andrew Stanton & Jim Reardon; directed by Andrew Stanton (Pixar/Walt Disney)
Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form: Doctor Horrible's Sing-Along Blog, written by Joss Whedon, Zack Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, directed by Joss Whedon
Best Professional Editor, Long Form: David G. Hartwell
Best Professional Editor, Short Form: Ellen Datlow
Best Professional Artist: Donato Giancola
Best Semiprozine: Weird Tales, edited by Ann VanderMeer and Stephen H. Segal
Best Fanzine: Electric Velocipede, edited by John Klima
Best Fan Writer: Cheryl Morgan
Best Fan Artist: Frank Wu
Best Graphic Story: Girl Genius, Volume 8: Agatha Heterodyne and the Chapel of Bones, written by Kaja and Phil Foglio, art by Phil Foglio, color by Cheyenne Wright
Prix Aurora Awards
This Worldcon being also the 2009 Canvention, it awarded the Prix Aurora Awards. They are given out annually for the best Canadian science fiction and fantasy literary works, artworks, and fan activities from that year, and are awarded in both English and French.
Best Long Form: Marseguro, by Edward Willett
Meilleur livre: Les vents de Tammerlan, by Michèle Laframboise
Best Short Form: "Ringing in the Changes in Okotoks, Alberta", by Randy McCharles
Meilleure nouvelle: Le Dôme de Saint-Macaire, by Jean-Louis Trudel
Other, in English: Neo-opsis Science Fiction Magazine, Karl Johanson, editor
Meilleur ouvrage (autre): Solaris, Joël Champetier
Fanzine: The Original Universe, Jeff Boman, editor
Fan (organizational): Randy McCharles (Chair of World Fantasy 2008)
Fan (other): Joan Sherman for Heather Dale Concert (organizer)
Artistic Achievement: Looking for Group, by Lar deSouza
Sidewise Awards
The Sidewise Award for Alternate History recognizes the best alternate history stories and novels of the year.
Long form: Chris Roberson, The Dragon's Nine Sons
Short form: Mary Rosenblum, "Sacrifice"
Other awards
John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer: David Anthony Durham
Future site selection
Worldcon
In uncontested elections, the members of Anticipation selected Reno, Nevada, as the host city for the 69th World Science Fiction Convention, Renovation, to be held in 2011; and Raleigh, North Carolina, as the host city for the 10th North American Science Fiction Convention (NASFiC), ReConStruction, to be held in 2010.
Canvention
The Canadian Science Fiction and Fantasy Association selected Winnipeg, Manitoba, as the location of Canvention 2010 and the 30th Prix Aurora Awards.
See also
Hugo Award
Science fiction
Speculative fiction
World Science Fiction Society
Worldcon
References
External links
Anticipation—the 67th Worldcon
Official Worldcon Homepage
2009 conferences
2009 in Canada
Science fiction conventions in Canada
Worldcon |
6904947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Jerusalem%20Times | The Jerusalem Times | The Jerusalem Times is a Palestinian newspaper founded by the BILADI Publishing Co. in 1994.
The Jerusalem Times also maintains an internet edition, jerusalem-times.net
Publications established in 1994
Mass media in Jerusalem
Newspapers published in the State of Palestine |
6904950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazy%20%28disambiguation%29 | Hazy (disambiguation) | Hazy refers to a state of haze.
Hazy may also refer to:
People
Hazy Osterwald (1922–2012), Swiss bandleader, trumpeter, and vibraphonist
Steve Hazy (born 1946), American billionaire businessman
Music
"Hazy", a song by Chloe x Halle from the 2021 album Ungodly Hour
"Hazy", a 2006 song by Gemma Hayes and Adam Duritz
"Hazy", a 2021 song by Great Gable
"Hazy", a 2022 song by Kyle Dion featuring Tkay Maidza
Other uses
Hazy IPA, a style of beer
Hazy Creek, stream in the U.S. state of West Virginia
See also
Haze (disambiguation) |
17337296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden%20Colours%20%28song%29 | Forbidden Colours (song) | "Forbidden Colours" is a 1983 song by David Sylvian and Ryuichi Sakamoto. The song is the vocal version of the theme from the Nagisa Oshima film Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence. It appears on the film's soundtrack album and was released as a single on Virgin Records in 1983 (the second collaborative single release by Sylvian and Sakamoto, following 1982's "Bamboo Houses").
Background
The title of the song is taken from Japanese writer Yukio Mishima's 1953 novel Forbidden Colors; although not directly related to the film, both works include exploration of homosexual themes, specifically resistance to desires through faith in God.
In 1984 the track was re-recorded and released as the B-side to "Red Guitar", the lead single to Sylvian's first solo album Brilliant Trees and was later also included as a bonus track on certain editions of his 1987 album Secrets of the Beehive.
Both Sakamoto and Sylvian have since recorded several interpretations of the song, both instrumental (under the title "Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence") and vocal. An orchestral version featuring vocals by Sylvian was included on Sakamoto's 1999 album Cinemage.
Sylvian said in an interview 2012 about the track:
Track listing
All music by Ryuichi Sakamoto; lyrics by David Sylvian on "Forbidden Colours", "Bamboo Houses" and "Bamboo Music".
7": Virgin / VS601 (UK) and 7" Picture Disc: Virgin / VSY601 (UK)
Side one
"Forbidden Colours" – 4:42
Side two
"The Seed and the Sower" – 5:00
12": Virgin / VS601-12 (UK)
Side one
"Forbidden Colours" – 4:42
Side two
"The Seed and the Sower" – 5:00
"Last Regrets" – 2:40
1988 3" CD: Virgin / CDT18 (UK)
"Forbidden Colours" – 4.42
"Bamboo Houses" – 5.26
"Bamboo Music" – 5.38
Chart positions
Personnel
Ryuichi Sakamoto – keyboards, programming
David Sylvian – vocals, lyrics
Production
Ryuichi Sakamoto – producer
Recording and mixing – Ryuichi Sakamoto, Seigen Ono, Shinichi Tanaka
Recording assistant – Michio Nakakoshi
David Sylvian – artwork, cover design
Yuka Fujii – photography
References
1983 singles
Songs written by David Sylvian
Songs written by Ryuichi Sakamoto
Virgin Records singles
David Sylvian songs
1983 songs
LGBT-related songs |
23576943 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberfoyle%20River | Aberfoyle River | Aberfoyle River, a watercourse that is part of the Clarence River catchment, is located in the New England and Northern Tablelands districts of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Aberfoyle River rises on the slopes of the Great Dividing Range, at Llangothlin, north of Guyra, and flows generally south southeast, east southeast, northeast, and east northeast, joined by three minor tributaries towards its confluence with the Guy Fawkes River, below Chaelundi Mountain, within Guy Fawkes River National Park. The river descends over its course.
The Devils Chimney in the Aberfoyle River gorge was declared an Aboriginal Place on 8 August 1980. An Aboriginal Place is an area of special significance to Aboriginal culture and declaration provides recognition of the significance of the area and its heritage values which relate to traditions, observances, customs, beliefs or history of Aboriginal people.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Rivers
New England (New South Wales) |
17337304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skimmia%20anquetilia | Skimmia anquetilia | Skimmia anquetilia is a species of shrub that is cultivated for its decorative fruits and bright pink flowers. It is grown mainly in gardens. It can tolerate frost. Several cultivars were created from this species. It is native to the Himalayas. It has been hybridized with Skimmia japonica to make Skimmia × confusa. A recent report on Skimmia anquetilia shows that the leaves of Skimmia anquetilia are rich in antioxidants and can be use as an antioxidant supplement. The leaves combined with turmeric are used for the treatment of swellings and rheumatism. Powder from its bark is used for the healing of burns and wounds. Its leaves are also used for the treatment of headache and smallpox as well as for freshness.
External links
Skimmia anquetilia info
anquetilia |
6904969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todessehnsucht | Todessehnsucht | Todessehnsucht is the second studio album by the heavy metal band Atrocity. It was released in 1992. At the time the band still played death metal with a technical edge.
History
The album was released in some countries with the title Longing for Death, which is a translation of the original German title. The album was released in 1992 by Roadrunner Records.
The final track on the album, "Archangel", is a cover of Death; however the lyrics are re-written as the original ones are not available.
Track listing
"Todessehnsucht" – 3:50
"Godless Years" – 5:40
"Unspoken Names" – 5:27
"Defiance" – 4:58
"Triumph at Dawn" – 4:01
"Introduction" – 1:35
"Sky Turned Red" – 6:24
"Necropolis" – 4:11
"A Prison Called Earth" – 6:06
"Todessehnsucht (Reprise)" – 2:05
"Archangel (Death cover) " – 3:28
Personnel
Alexander Krull - vocals
Mathias Röderer - guitar
Richard Scharf - guitar
Oliver Klasen - bass
Michael Schwarz - drums
References
External links
Roadrunner Records Review
Atrocity (band) albums
1992 albums |
17337305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic%20Cooperation%20Agreement | Strategic Cooperation Agreement | The Strategic Cooperation Agreement was concluded on November 30, 1981 between the United States and Israel during the first Reagan administration and coincided with an official visit of Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin. The agreement was signed by Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon and American Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger and pledged specific actions from both parties to increase strategic cooperation between them. The main objective was to deter Soviet threats and ‘Soviet controlled forces’ in the Middle East. Israel had aimed for some time at the creation of a more formal bond which would commit the United States to a closer military cooperation. The signing marked the beginning of close security cooperation and coordination between the American and Israeli governments. It was formally reconfirmed at the time of Reagan’s second peace initiative, on April 21, 1988.
The agreement took the form of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and was an act of the executive branch not subject to Senate ratification. Therefore, it was not a treaty, which requires Senate ratification. Formally, it did not constitute an official alliance. Frequent references of the President and political leaders to Israel as an ally, did not carry with them the weight of a legal commitment to declare or enter a war on Israel’s side in the sense envisioned by the U.S. Constitution.
Politically, the strategic cooperation agreement represented a major policy shift toward Israel regarding American involvement in the Middle East. Since there was no corresponding pact signed with any Arab state, the United States could no longer claim to act as an impartial mediator or arbiter in the Arab Israeli conflicts.
The full text of the understanding is shown in the links below. George Lenczowski, summarizes the main points as follows.
The United States and Israel to form a committee to arrange for joint military exercises and provide for the use of Israeli ports by the Sixth ( Mediterranean) Fleet.
Israel to agree to the pre-positioning on its territory of military supplies for use by the US rapid deployment force.
The United States to resume the delivery to Israel of American cluster bombs (temporarily suspended).
Israel to build, with partial US financial assistance, the Lavi fighter aircraft, which it was free to market abroad. (This provision was rescinded a few years later.)
US aid to Israel for military purposes to be increased by $425 million per year.
Israel and the United States to conclude a trade agreement that would allow to duty-free and tax-free imports and exports for both countries, giving Israel a preferential treatment in comparison with other US trading partners [at that time].
The agreement was developed after a few weeks of discussions between working groups of the Ministry of Defense and the U.S. Defense Department. with input from the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), particularly their Director of Research and Information, Steve J. Rosen. The strategic cooperation agreement roused much resentment in the Middle East. The Arab world and the Soviet Union were highly critical of this agreement, which they felt would impair America's ability to deal fairly with the peace process in the Middle East.
External links
Original text at Yale Law School
Original text at Israel MFA
References
1981 in politics
Israel–United States relations
1981 in the United States
1981 in Israel |
20477125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planctus%20de%20obitu%20Karoli | Planctus de obitu Karoli | The Planctus (de obitu) Karoli ("Lament [on the Death] of Charlemagne"), also known by its incipit A solis ortu (usque ad occidua) ("From the rising of the sun [to the setting]"), is an anonymous medieval Latin planctus eulogising Charlemagne, written in accented verse by a monk of Bobbio shortly after his subject's death in 814. It is generally considered the earliest surviving planctus, though its melody is written in tenth-century neumes, one of the earliest surviving examples of this sort of musical notation. The poem has been translated into English by Peter Godman.
The authorship of the Planctus has been a matter of some dispute. Its author has been identified with Columbanus of Saint Trond, who, it is claimed, also wrote the Ad Fidolium, a set of quantitative adonics. The Planctus appeared in a seventeenth-century manuscript compilation of the poems of Hrabanus Maurus under the subscription "Hymnus Columbani ad Andream episcopum de obitu Caroli", which inspired L. A. Muratori to make the identification, but this late ascription to a Columbanus is probably deduced from the poem's own seventeenth stanza. As argued by Heinz Löwe, that stanza in fact makes it very difficult to argue that the poet, who consistently uses the first person, was the Columbanus he refers to.
The poem is composed of twenty three-line romance strophes each with a distich of two dodecasyllables and the parenthetical heptasyllabic refrain Heu mihi misero!, which does not mark a division in thought but is inserted regularly in an otherwise continuous syntax. Each dodecasyllable ends in a paroxytone (mot métrique). The existence of quilisma in the musical notation indicates the influence of plainchant.
The first line (A solis ortu...) is drawn from a fifth-century hymn of Caelius Sedulius. As the Sedulian hymn was sung at Christmastime, the sorrowful Planctus presents a contrast with the joy typically associated with its opening. The poet expands upon his personal grief at the death of his emperor—and benefactor of Bobbio—by asking all the regions of Earth to mourn with him, and using the tears of Saint Columbanus, founder of Bobbio, as a symbol of the monastery's grief. The rhythm of the verse, presence of musical notation, and orientation towards contemporary events suggest popular recitation or performance. The poem, though associated with the Carolingian Renaissance in Latin letters, is not a commentary on the "disintegration" (or décomposition) of the Carolingian Empire after the death of Charlemagne.
Select stanzas
The following text is taken from Peter Godman (1985), Latin Poetry of the Carolingian Renaissance (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press), 206–211.
The latest critical and only textual and musical edition can be found in Corpus Rhythmorum Musicum (saec. IV–IX), I, "Songs in non-liturgical sources [Canti di tradizione non liturgica]", 1 "Lyrics [Canzoni]" (Florence: SISMEL, 2007), edited by Francesco Stella (text) and Sam Barrett (music), with reproduction of the manuscript sources and recording of the audio executions of the modern musical transcriptions, now partially consultable here.
References
Medieval Latin poetry
Carolingian Latin literature
Charlemagne
9th-century poems
Medieval compositions |
6904978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesalands%20Community%20College | Mesalands Community College | Mesalands Community College, is a public community college in Tucumcari, New Mexico. It is also the home of the North American Wind Research and Training Center and The Mesalands Stampede Intercollegiate Rodeo Team.
Collaboration with Sandia National Laboratories
On April 14, 2009, Mesalands Community College and Sandia National Laboratories signed a memorandum of understanding allowing the college's North American Wind Research and Training Center and the lab to collaborate on such projects as turbine operations and maintenance, reliability of turbine components, and repair methods. It is the first memo of its kind between a national laboratory and a two-year college.
Gallery
References
External links
Official website
1979 establishments in New Mexico
Buildings and structures in Quay County, New Mexico
Community colleges in New Mexico
Education in Quay County, New Mexico
Educational institutions established in 1979
Tucumcari, New Mexico |
17337312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-spotted%20hawker | Blue-spotted hawker | The blue-spotted hawker, scientific name Adversaeschna brevistyla, is the only known species of dragonfly of the genus Adversaeschna in the family Aeshnidae.
Description
The blue-spotted hawker is a large dragonfly with a pair of pale stripes on either side of the thorax. Mature males have blue eyes whilst females have brown eyes.
Distribution and habitat
The blue-spotted hawker is widespread across Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island and some Pacific Islands. Its presence has not been verified in the Northern Territory.
It may be found near ponds and marshes as well as vegetation far from water. It prefers still water but may also be found along calm streams.
Gallery
References
Aeshnidae
Insects of Australia
Insects described in 1842 |
20477160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinator%20for%20Counterterrorism | Coordinator for Counterterrorism | The Coordinator for Counterterrorism heads the Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism, which coordinates U.S. government efforts to fight terrorism. As the head of the counterterrorism bureau, the coordinator for counterterrorism has the rank of both ambassador-at-large and assistant secretary.
The current acting coordinator is John Godfrey.
List of coordinators
The role of Coordinator for Combating Terrorism has often rotated throughout a presidential administration, only presidents Gerald Ford and Donald Trump have maintained a single coordinator throughout their term of office.
References
Counterterrorism in the United States
United States Department of State |
23576946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Collector%20%282009%20film%29 | The Collector (2009 film) | The Collector is a 2009 American horror film written by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan, and directed by Dunstan. It stars Josh Stewart, Michael Reilly Burke, Andrea Roth, Juan Fernandez, Karley Scott Collins, Madeline Zima, and Robert Wisdom. The film follows a man who, in order to pay a debt, decides to rob a house, only to find out somebody with far more sinister intentions has already broken in.
The original script, titled The Midnight Man, was at one point shopped as a prequel to the Saw franchise, but the producers opposed the idea and dismissed it, leading to the script getting reworked.
The Collector was released on July 31, 2009, by LD Entertainment. It received generally negative reviews from critics. A sequel, The Collection, was released in 2012.
Plot
Married couple Larry and Gena Wharton return home to find the power is out. They discover a large trunk upstairs, and are horrified by its contents. They are then attacked by an unseen assailant.
Former convict Arkin O'Brien works as a handyman for the Chase family. He is generally well-liked by the Chases, especially the younger daughter Hannah. After work, Arkin meets his wife, whose debt to several loan sharks is due by midnight. To protect her and their daughter, Arkin plans to steal a valuable ruby from the Chase home.
As Arkin attempts to crack the safe, a masked figure locks the door. Michael, the father, appears with several injuries. Mistaking Arkin for the perpetrator, he grabs a golf club. Michael's action triggers a trap that incapacitates him, and the masked man drags Michael into the basement. Arkin attempts to call 911, but the phone is rigged with a spike that punctures his ear. The windows have been boarded up and lined with razors, making escape impossible.
Arkin retreats to the basement, where Michael informs him that his wife Victoria has also been captured, his older daughter Jill is out, and Hannah is hiding somewhere in the house. Michael gives Arkin the combination to the safe, which contains a gun. Arkin finds Victoria and has her distract the intruder in order for him to get to the safe. Arkin grabs the gun (which has no bullets) and pockets the ruby.
While searching for Hannah, he finds a trunk containing a bloodied Larry. Larry explains that the masked man is a "collector" of people; he only collects one person in a household and kills everyone else. Horrified, Arkin flees, while the Collector locks Larry back in the trunk. Back in the basement, Arkin discovers that Michael is now dead. He frees Victoria, who had been tortured. As they make their way out of the basement, Victoria sees Michael's corpse and panics, alerting the Collector, who stabs her several times.
Jill arrives home with her boyfriend Chad. As the two prepare to have sex on the kitchen table, they notice the Collector watching them. Chad attacks him but is killed when he is pushed into a room filled with several bear traps. Jill manages to make a 911 call before being captured. Arkin frees Jill, but she doesn't trust him and reaches for a pair of scissors, only to be killed by a trap. Arkin escapes the house alone, but sees the Collector approaching Hannah. Changing his mind, he reenters the house.
Arkin prepares a trap to kill the Collector, but the trap kills Larry instead. Arkin gets to Hannah, and sends her down a laundry chute to the basement to hide. Before Arkin can do the same, the Collector knocks him out, ties him up and brutally tortures him.
A police officer responding to Jill's 911 call is killed by the Collector's dog. Taking advantage of the distraction, Arkin frees himself and discovers a dead Victoria and armed explosives in the basement. After killing the Collector's dog with a flaming bucket and trapping the Collector in one of his own traps, Arkin escapes with Hannah.
Seeing approaching police cars, Arkin runs into the road to get their attention and is hit by one of the cars. He sees Hannah carried away by the police. He tells the police that the Collector was an exterminator working at the Chase house. The explosives detonate and destroy the house, but the Collector gets away unharmed. While Arkin is being taken to the hospital, The Collector ambushes the ambulance and kills everyone except Arkin, whom he kidnaps.
In a post-credits scene, the Collector watches film slides on the trunk containing Arkin, who threatens to kill him.
Cast
Josh Stewart as Arkin O’Brien
Michael Reilly Burke as Michael Chase
Andrea Roth as Victoria Chase
Juan Fernández as The Collector
Karley Scott Collins as Hannah Chase
Daniella Alonso as Lisa
Haley Pullos as Cindy
William Prael as Larry Wharton
Diane Ayala Goldner as Gena Wharton
Alex Feldman as Chad
Madeline Zima as Jill Chase
Robert Wisdom as Roy
Production
The Collector was shot in Shreveport, Louisiana in the spring of 2008 over 19 days. It used 16mm film stock. The final scene (featuring the van in the rain) was part of a reshoot in Los Angeles' Griffith Park.
When Dunstan announced to his producing team he wanted to direct, he set off to make a sizzle reel – a prolonged trailer of the proposed film. He reunited with many of his friends from Feast (his first writing credit) and employed John Gulager as his cinematographer, and used actors Clu Gulager to play Roy and Tom Gulager as Arkin. It was this reel that was used to sell the pitch to Dimension Films, who put up the money to produce the film. Before its release, Dimension chose not to put a P&A budget into the movie and opted to release it direct to DVD. However, Dimension gave the filmmakers a chance to sell the film. In the end, Mickey Liddell bought the movie from Dimension. Liddell organized the reshoots and changed the title from The Midnight Man to The Collector.
Release
The film was theatrically released on July 31, 2009, in the United States, and on DVD on April 6, 2010. A rental version was made available February 12, 2010, through Blockbuster Video's Exclusive Line. The DVD includes two deleted scenes, and also an alternative ending which is Arkin leaving after seeing Hannah in the windowthus cutting off the remaining 25 minutes of the film.
Reception
Critical response
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 29% of 74 critics gave the film a positive reviews, with an average rating of 4.12/10. The site's critics consensus reads, "Increasingly tedious displays of gore makes this torture porn home-invasion-horror more programmatic than provocative." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 29 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".
Clay Clane of BET noted that, "You will squirm, but aren't we getting a bit desensitized to these routine torture flicks? It's like seeing a pop songstress get naked for the billionth time – yeah, she's hot, but we have all seen it before." Bloody Disgusting gave the film a 3.5/5 and wrote that The Collector is "a raw, gritty and uncompromising horror film that puts the previous Saw film to shame." The reviewer also believed that the character of the Collector had the potential to become a new horror icon.
Box office
On the opening day, the film opened in 1,325 theaters, grossing $1,325,000. The film has grossed $7,712,114.
Sequels
Speaking about a sequel, Patrick Melton said in an interview:
I didn't think it necessarily would happen because while the movie did well for its budget, it certainly wasn't a blockbuster, but it did well enough that the film's producer, Mickey Liddell, wants to make a sequel and of course wants me and Marcus to be involved again.
So we are seeing if we can work out some sort of a deal for us to write it and for Marcus to direct, but right now it's just in the deal stage. It is a possibility. I couldn't imagine it being made without Marcus directing it."
Shooting on the second film, The Collection, began in October 2010, and the film was released on November 30, 2012. Josh Stewart reprised his role as Arkin.
On May 2, 2019, Josh Stewart tweeted that another sequel titled The Collected, stylized as The Coll3cted, was happening along with a poster.
In April 2021, writers Marcus Dunstan and Patrick Melton admitted that the third film may not happen due to "creative disinterest".
See also
List of films featuring home invasions
Notes
References
External links
2009 films
2000s horror thriller films
2009 independent films
2000s serial killer films
American horror thriller films
American independent films
American serial killer films
English-language films
Films set in 2011
Films set in Illinois
Films shot in Alabama
Films shot in Louisiana
Home invasions in film
Torture in films
2009 directorial debut films |
6904987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20heritage | Virtual heritage | Virtual heritage or cultural heritage and technology is the body of works dealing with information and communication technologies (ICT) and their application to cultural heritage, such as virtual archaeology. It aims to restore ancient cultures as real (virtual) environments where users can immerse.
Virtual heritage and cultural heritage have independent meanings: cultural heritage refers to sites, monuments, buildings and objects "with historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific, ethnological or anthropological value", whereas virtual heritage refers to instances of these within a technological domain, usually involving computer visualization of artefacts or Virtual Reality environments.
First use
The first use of virtual heritage as a museum exhibit, and the derivation of the name virtual tour, was in 1994 as a museum visitor interpretation, providing a 'walk-through' of a 3D reconstruction of Dudley Castle in England as it was in 1550.
This consisted of a computer controlled laserdisc based system designed by British-based engineer Colin Johnson. It is a little-known fact that one of the first users of Virtual Heritage was Queen Elizabeth II, when she officially opened the visitor centre in June 1994.
Because the Queen's officials had requested titles, descriptions and instructions of all activities, the system was named 'Virtual Tour', being a cross between virtual reality and Royal Tour.
Projects
One technology that is frequently employed in virtual heritage applications is augmented reality (AR), which is used to provide on-site reconstructions of archaeological sites or artefacts. An example is the lifeClipper project, a Swiss commercial tourism and mixed reality urban heritage project. Using HMD technology, users walking the streets of Basel can see cultured AR video characters and objects as well as oddly-shaped stencils.
Many virtual heritage projects focus on the tangible aspects of cultural heritage, for example 3D modelling, graphics and animation. In doing so they often overlook the intangible aspects of cultural heritage associated with objects and sites, such as stories, performances and dances. The tangible aspects of cultural heritage are not inseparable from the intangible and one method for combining them is the use of virtual heritage serious games, such as the 'Digital Songlines' and 'Virtual Songlines' which modified computer game technology to preserve, protect and present the cultural heritage of Aboriginal Australian Peoples. There have been numerous applications of digital models being used to engage the public and encourage involvement in built heritage activities and discourse.
Place-Hampi is another example of a virtual heritage project. It applies co-evolutionary systems to show a cultural presence using stereoscopic rendering of the landscape of Hampi landscape, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India.
See also
CyArk
Computational archaeology
Digital heritage
References
Further reading
Michael Falser, Monica Juneja (eds.). 'Archaeologizing' Heritage? Transcultural Entanglements between Local Social Practices and Global Virtual Realities. Heidelberg, New York: Springer (2013), .
External links
Cultural heritage
Virtual reality
Digital humanities |
23576956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster%20Face | Monster Face | Monster Face was a toy set launched by Hasbro in 1992, in the style of Mr. Potato Head. The toy consisted of a skull like head with holes to which you could attach several accessories such as bugs, fangs, noses and blisters, to create a new monster based in altering the original face. The toy came with green slime that could drip out of the face's nose and mouth.
The toy had 30 different accessories, and a mannequin sized monster head attached to a base that could also store the pieces. Part of the appeal of the toy was also the possibility of animating the monster by moving his eyes and jaw which was achieved by moving two small arm like sticks in the base, it also had a small air pump to inflate the attachable blisters in the center of the base.
References
1990s toys
Hasbro products
Products introduced in 1992 |
20477163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Amazonia | New Amazonia | New Amazonia: A Foretaste of the Future is a feminist utopian novel, written by Elizabeth Burgoyne Corbett and first published in 1889. It was one element in the wave of utopian and dystopian literature that marked the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Context
Corbett wrote the novel in response to Mrs Humphry Ward's "An Appeal Against Female Suffrage", an open letter published in The Nineteenth Century and signed by over a hundred other women against the extension of Parliamentary suffrage to women.
Plot
In her novel, Corbett envisions a successful suffragette movement eventually giving rise to a breed of highly evolved "Amazonians" who turn Ireland into a utopian society. The book's female narrator wakes up in the year 2472, much like Julian West awakens in the year 2000 in Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward (1888). Corbett's heroine, however, is accompanied by a man of her own time, who has similarly awakened from a hashish dream to find himself in New Amazonia.
The Victorian woman and man are given an account of intervening history by one of the Amazonians. In the early twentieth century, war between Britain and Ireland decimated the Irish population; the British repopulated the island with their own surplus women. (After the war, which also involved France on the side of Ireland, British women outnumbered men by three to one.) Women came to dominate all aspects of society on the island.
The history lesson is followed by a tour of the new society, which embodies a version of state socialism. Men are allowed to live on the island, but cannot hold political office: "masculine government has always held openings for the free admission of corruption, injustice, immorality, and narrow-minded, self-glorifying bigotry." The Amazonians are vegetarians; they employ euthanasia, eliminating malformed children — and bastards. They maintain their superiority by practicing "nerve-rejuvenation," in which the life energy of dogs is transferred to humans. The result is that the Amazonians grow to be seven feet tall, and live for hundreds of years but look no older than forty. The narrator tries the procedure herself: "The sensation I experienced was little more than a pin-prick in intensity, but...I felt ten years younger and stronger, and was proportionately elated at my good fortune." (The procedure, though, is fatal to the dogs.)
The narrator reacts very positively to what she sees and learns; but her male companion reacts precisely oppositely and adjusts badly — to the point where the Amazonians judge him to be insane. The narrator nonetheless tries to protect her male counterpart, and in the process is accidentally transported back to the grimmer realities of Victorian England.
Matriarchy resistance
W. H. Hudson's second novel, A Crystal Age (1887), published two years earlier than Corbett's book, also contains the plot element of a nineteenth-century man who cannot adapt to a matriarchal society of the future.
The author
Little is known about Newcastle journalist Elizabeth Corbett, who published as "Mrs. George Corbett." Some of her fifteen novels — mysteries, adventure stories, and mainstream fiction — have clear feminist themes and elements, despite the traditional values of the age in which she lived and worked.
See also
Arqtiq
The Diothas
Mizora
The Republic of the Future
Sultana's Dream
2894
Herland (novel)
References
1889 British novels
1889 science fiction novels
Utopian novels
Feminist science fiction novels
Novels set in Ireland
Novels set in the 25th century |
23576958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleph%20at%20Hallucinatory%20Mountain | Aleph at Hallucinatory Mountain | Aleph at Hallucinatory Mountain is a studio album by the British experimental band Current 93, released in May 2009 on Coptic Cat Records.
After collaborating with Om on a split EP, there is a notably heavy sound on this record, citing doom metal and stoner rock as influences. There was also a limited edition of the recording for subscribers who paid in advance including a second CD with a rough mix of the tracks and also a monophonic version that was released for the band's concert at German Wave Gotik Treffen 2009 with all of the tracks titled differently, though the music remains the same.
Track listing
"Invocation of Almost" – 8:49
"Poppyskins" – 5:17
"On Docetic Mountain" – 8:14
"26 April 2007" – 5:13
"Aleph is the Butterfly Net" – 5:54
"Not Because the Fox Barks" – 10:14
"UrShadow" – 4:37
"As Real as Rainbows" – 5:23
Personnel
David Tibet – vocals, july guitar, gorgon guitar, mixing, production
James Blackshaw – 12-string guitar, piano
William Breeze – electric viola, viola controlled sampler
Ossian Brown – synthesizers, treated organ, electronics
John Contreras – cello, synthesizers
Baby Dee – piano, hammond organ
Andria Degens – vocals
Sasha Grey – vocals
Andrew Liles – electronics, guitars, mixing, production
Alex Neilson – drums, percussion
Rickie Lee Jones – vocals
Alice Rousham – vocals
Henry Rousham – vocals
Steven Stapleton – electronics, mixing, production
Matt Sweeney – electric guitar, vocals
Andrew WK – bass, piano, vocals, finger bells
Keith Wood – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, slide guitar, bass
References
2009 albums
Current 93 albums |
20477188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba%20Anglana | Saba Anglana | Saba Anglana (born November 17, 1970) is a Somali-Italian actress and international singer.
Biography
Saba was born in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, during the country's socialist period. Her mother was the daughter of an exiled Somali living in neighboring Ethiopia. Her father was a former commander in the Italian military, who relocated to Somalia from Italy after the Second World War.
Due to Saba's father's senior martial background with the erstwhile colonial administration, he was regarded by Somalia's then military regime as a possible spy. The Anglanas were subsequently exiled to Italy, when she was still a child.
Saba was thereafter raised in Italy, where she later studied at the Sapienza University in Rome. Her Somali roots, however, remained an important focus. She studied the Somali language with her mother, particularly the regional dialect of Xamar Weyne, connecting with Somalia through music. Saba is a Muslim.
Career
Saba began her artistic career in the 1990s as an actress on Italian television. In a popular local TV series entitled La Squadra, she played a policewoman of dual Somali-Italian heritage.
In 2007, Saba released her first studio album entitled Jidka: The Line, in which she mixes the traditional sounds of her native Somalia with contemporary Italian flourishes.
See also
Elisa Kadigia Bove
Jonis Bashir
References
External links
The official Website of Saba Anglana
Article on Saba Anglana
Living people
1970 births
21st-century Somalian women singers
Somalian emigrants to Italy
People from Mogadishu
Sapienza University of Rome alumni
Somalian people of Italian descent
21st-century Italian women singers |
23576970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcoongere%20River | Barcoongere River | Barcoongere River, a watercourse of the Wooli Wooli River catchment, is located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Barcoongere River rises below Browns Knob near Milleara, and flows generally north northeast before reaching its confluence with the Wooli Wooli River west of Wooli; descending over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
Rivers in Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Rivers |
6904991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boost%20Drinks | Boost Drinks | Boost Drinks Limited is a British drinks company that sells primarily energy and sports drinks through convenience stores, independent retail chains and petrol forecourts. It was established in 2001 and is headquartered in Leeds.
History
The company was founded on 27 June 2001 by Leeds Metropolitan University graduate Simon Gray at the age of 28 with a bank loan of £30,000. Gray said in an interview that he wanted to take Boost to independent retailers because it would have been "crazy to challenge the big brands with a me-too product". The company was originally known as Blast UK Limited before changing its name to Boost Drinks Limited in July 2001. Gray paid back the bank loan within the company’s first 12 months and distributed Boost into international markets such as Spain, Croatia, South Africa and Nigeria. The brand was launched in Northern Ireland in 2003, with the Northern Irish market accounting for approximately 15 percent of the company's overall business by 2018.
As of 2011, the company employed eight people and had launched in 12 countries. The price of several Boost products increased in 2020. In September of the same year, Boost unveiled a £1.2 million "Choose Now" marketing campaign, which included a £10,000 fund to be shared by three community groups. Boost introduced a "Boost Retailer Hall of Fame" in Northern Ireland during June 2021, with the first winner being Kearney's shop in Randalstown, County Antrim, receiving 30% of the overall vote.
Partnerships
Boost Drinks has had a partnership with Air Ambulance Northern Ireland since 2019, when the company gave £10,000 to the charity. From February 2021, under a deal signed with Dorset-based brewery Hall & Woodhouse, Boost Drinks became responsible for the distribution, marketing and sale of soft drink brand Rio. Boost Drinks became the "official energy drinks partner" of Leeds United for the 2021–22 Premier League season.
Products
In 2010, the company attempted to introduce a smoothie product, but the response was "disappointing" and it was soon abandoned. Boost has released a number of "limited edition" flavours, to its energy and sports drinks line, including a 'Winter Spice' flavour in 2015, a tropical flavour in 2016, a pomegranate and blueberry flavour in 2017, and a grape and cherry product in 2018. Boost also launched protein drinks and an iced coffee range in 2016 and 2020 respectively.
References
External links
Energy drinks
Sports drinks
British companies established in 2001
Food and drink companies established in 2001
Companies based in Thorpe Park Leeds
Soft drinks manufacturers
Drink companies of England
Coffee companies of the United Kingdom |
23576973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bargo%20River | Bargo River | The Bargo River, a watercourse of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Southern Highlands and Macarthur districts of New South Wales, Australia.
Course
The Bargo River rises in the southern slopes of Southern Highlands, north of Colo Vale, and flows generally north-east, joined by two minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Nepean River, near Bargo.
In its upper catchment, the river runs through Bargo River State Conservation Area, a nature reserve located between Hill Top and Yerrinbool.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers in New South Wales (A-K)
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Southern Highlands (New South Wales)
Macarthur (New South Wales)
Bargo, New South Wales |
44501733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libraries%20in%20Brighton%20and%20Hove | Libraries in Brighton and Hove | The English coastal city of Brighton and Hove has a long and varied history of libraries going back over 250 years. Subscription libraries were among the earliest buildings in the resort of Brighton, which developed in the late 18th century; by the 1780s these facilities, which were more like social clubs than conventional book-borrowing venues, were at the heart of the town's social scene. The Brighton Literary Society, its successor the Brighton Royal Literary and Scientific Institution and its rival the Sussex Scientific Institution between them established a "very fine collection" of publications by the mid-19th century, and these books were donated to the town when a public library was founded in 1871. Neighbouring Hove, originally a separate village, established its own public library in 1890.
Public libraries in the city are run by the Royal Pavilion, Museums and Libraries department of Brighton and Hove City Council. Branch libraries operate in the outlying villages and suburbs of Coldean, Hangleton, Hollingbury, Mile Oak, Moulsecoomb, Patcham, Portslade, Rottingdean, Saltdean, Westdene, Whitehawk and Woodingdean. The Brighton and Hove Toy Library is at the Whitehawk Library, rebuilt and reopened in 2011. The city council also operated a mobile library until 2013. Library membership is not limited to residents of the city, and gives borrowing rights at libraries throughout the city. Free internet access was introduced in 2001.
Nationally, libraries have experienced declining usage and funding cuts in recent decades, but Brighton and Hove's libraries have seen significant investment in the 21st century. Jubilee Library in central Brighton was opened in March 2005 to replace outdated split-site facilities nearby, which included a separate music library. It is England's sixth busiest: about 1 million people visited in 2009. New branch libraries have been built in the Coldean, Mile Oak, Whitehawk and Woodingdean suburbs, either as standalone buildings or as part of other community facilities.
Private and subscription libraries
Brighthelmstone on the Sussex coast in southeast England developed from a farming and fishing village into the fashionable leisure destination of Brighton from the mid-18th century. The town quickly attracted "all of the facilities that would have been expected" of a resort of that era. Among those were the proprietary libraries, also known as circulating libraries. In Brighton's earliest days as a resort, these privately owned facilities functioned as multi-purpose "informal meeting places" where visitors could "read, chat, listen to music, buy fripperies or gamble". Visitors would pay a subscription to become a member of the library for the season, and would write their names in a visitors' book. By doing so they would inform other visitors of their presence in Brighton, the length of their stay and where they were staying, facilitating social interaction. By the 1760s, Brighton's Master of Ceremonies also consulted the visitors' books from the various libraries to find out who was staying in the town and make contact with them. From the 1770s, when speculators built permanent theatres in the town, the libraries also sold tickets for performances, for which they received a commission.
The first true library in Brighton opened in or before 1760 on the Steine (now Old Steine), although a bookshop existed from 1759 on East Street. Baker's Library was the first building erected on the east side of the Steine: it stood on the south corner of the present St James's Street, where St James's Mansions stand now. Its proprietor was Mr E. Baker of Tunbridge Wells, another 18th-century resort town. A small wooden building with a veranda and an attached rotunda for musicians to perform in, "it was more like a club" than a modern library: its other features included billiards tables. It was enlarged in 1806, necessitating the demolition of the original building.
By the end of the 1760s a second library had opened, also named after its proprietor. Originally called Thomas's Library after its proprietor R. Thomas, it was also known as Brighthelmston Circulating Library. Later, following a change of proprietor, it was known as Miss Widgett's Library and was described by author Fanny Burney, a regular visitor to Brighton in the late 18th century: her journals made reference to "Widget the milliner and librarywoman". Also a timber building, it rose to two storeys and was fronted with a colonnade of Doric columns. Brighton's post office was here for about 20 years until 1803. Both libraries are shown in an engraving produced in 1778, in which Baker's Library stands alone on the east side of the open ground of the Steine. Thomas's Library was on the southwest side of the Steine near the present Royal York Hotel. Neither library survived beyond the 1820s.
Development soon spread eastwards along the East Cliff, and one of the first buildings there was Donaldson and Wilkes' Library (1798). This later took the name Tuppen and Walkers' Library. It occupied a site between Charles Street and Manchester Street. Donaldson became the Prince of Wales's official librarian and bookseller in 1806. Other contemporary libraries situated along the East Cliff were the New Steine Library, Pollard's on Marine Parade and Parsons' on the same road. The Royal Marine Library, meanwhile, faced the Chain Pier and kept telescopes for visitors to look out to sea. The focal point for these early libraries, though, remained the Steine, North Street and the square that linked them, Castle Square. In this area were the Castle Square Circulating Library; Eber's; Minerva; Folthorp's; Large's; Loder's; and Wright and Son's Royal Colonnade Library, Music Saloon and Reading Rooms. Loder's Library specialised in scientific publications and had 20,000 volumes, and Wright and Son stocked 8,000. It also kept national newspapers and British and foreign journals and periodicals. Raggett's Subscription House stood opposite Baker's Library on the north side of St James's Street and was a similar institution. Several of these libraries struggled financially in the 1780s, and some proprietors diversified into other activities to try to keep them open.
As Brighton grew beyond its historic centre in the 19th century, small subscription libraries (many of them short-lived) opened elsewhere: on East Street, Middle Street and Ship Street in The Lanes; St James's Street and High Street in the Kemptown area; Queen's Road and Gardner Street in the North Laine area near Brighton railway station; Preston Street, Norfolk Square, Western Road and King's Road on the West Cliff to the west of the Steine; and in the poor Carlton Hill area. Subscription libraries declined in popularity in the 20th century, but one survived until 1975 on Lewes Road.
Societies and institutions
In terms of the breadth and quality of its content, Brighton's "first important library" was that belonging to the Brighton Literary Society. It was founded 1812 by influential residents including George Wagner, brother of the Vicar of Brighton Henry Michell Wagner. The society gained new strength in the mid-1830s when John Cordy Burrows (later to be Mayor of Brighton and a Freeman of the Borough) and Dr Henry Turrell (proprietor of a "famous" early-19th-century private school in the town) joined. Around the same time, geologist and palaeontologist Gideon Mantell moved to Brighton and founded the Mantellian Institution, which also had its own library at South Parade (now part of Old Steine). Later known as the Sussex Scientific Institution and Mantellian Museum, and partly funded by George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont, its library contained mostly scientific books. The institute also offered lectures, a reading room and a museum dedicated to Mantell's research.
The Brighton Literary Society became defunct in the early 1840s but a new body was soon set up by its leading members. The Brighton Royal Literary and Scientific Institution was based in an annexe of the Royal Albion Hotel and had "a useful existence of 28 years". Its library collection gradually built up over this time: in 1842 it acquired the Mantellian Institution's collection, and it raised money to buy other works by holding popular lectures on scientific and historical subjects and by organising soirées and exhibitions at the Royal Pavilion. The Institution's extensive and "very fine collection" of books formed the basis of Brighton's first public library.
Public libraries
An attempt to found a public library in Brighton after the passing of the Public Libraries Act 1850 failed, and no more was done until 1869. In that year, Brighton Corporation established the town's first public library in rooms at the Royal Pavilion. It was an adjunct to a small museum created in the Pavilion seven years earlier, which consisted of various artworks and objects collected by the Corporation since it was formed. This was only a temporary facility, though, because in 1871 the Corporation converted the former Royal Stables on Church Street near the Pavilion into a library, museum and art gallery. P.C. Lockwood, the Borough Surveyor, undertook the work; he maintained the opulent Moorish/Indo-Saracenic Revival style of architecture employed when the stables were built in 1804–08 by William Porden.
The library's book collection grew rapidly through donations: many "local worthies [gave] or bequeathed their [personal] libraries to the town", perhaps motivated by the impressive building which now served as the library. More room was needed—although the library, museum and art gallery complex was large, the library was confined to two upper rooms—and in 1894 the building was altered to provide a large lending library and reading rooms on the ground floor and a reference library, containing rare material, at first-floor level. The extended library opened in November 1901.
Brighton Library thrived in the early 20th century as the Corporation received a series of donations and bequests of national importance. Wealthy Withdean resident L.M. Bloomfield's collection of 13,000 works included some of the earliest printed works in existence, ancient illuminated manuscripts and original editions of many books. In 1918 J.G. Lewis's vast collection of foreign works came to the library, and money from his estate was invested in a fund to be used for the purchase of further works. Another financial bequest in 1930 was to be reserved for the purchase of rare works "of special character". By the mid-20th century, Brighton's reference library contained "one of the richest collections in the whole country". In its present form, the "rare books and special collections" of Brighton & Hove Libraries runs to 45,000 volumes and is housed in Jubilee Library.
During World War II, Brighton Council converted the basement of the library, art gallery and museum complex into an air-raid shelter. Books were moved out of the library and taken to the Booth Museum of Natural History in suburban Prestonville, where they lay in piles on the floor until the war ended. In the postwar period, several schemes were put forward for a new purpose-built library. Many would have involved mixed-use developments: a combined car park, exhibition centre and library in 1964, a building incorporating a swimming pool in 1973, and in 1986 a commercial and residential development with a library set below an ice rink. The most likely site in the late 1980s and early 1990s became the Music Library building and the adjacent former courthouse, on the opposite side of Church Street to the main library, but funding was not forthcoming. Meanwhile, a large site behind Church Street, centred on Jubilee Street, had stood derelict since various building including the former Central National Voluntary School were demolished in 1971. Soon after Brighton and Hove Council was formed in 1997, it sought funding for a new library on this site through a private finance initiative (PFI). A contract to design and build what became Jubilee Library was signed in March 2001.
The borough of Hove established a public library in 1890 in a house on Grand Avenue which was adapted for the purpose. By 1892 it stocked nearly 5,000 books and a range of newspapers in its "newsroom". The library moved to another house in nearby Third Avenue in 1900. Three years later, Andrew Carnegie's endowment of £10,000 allowed the borough to provide a permanent library in purpose-built premises. Architects Percy Robinson and W. Alban Jones won the commission in competition.
Branch libraries were established from the 1930s onwards in the suburbs and housing estates around Hove and Brighton. In many cases temporary facilities were used at first: for example, a shop was used in Woodingdean, a temporary facility was set up in Whitehawk during its rapid development in the 1930s, and a church hall in Hangleton doubled as a library. Most permanent libraries date from the 1960s and 1970s: examples include Portslade (1961), Hangleton (1962), Moulsecoomb and Westdene (both 1964). Buildings of that vintage in Coldean, Whitehawk and Woodingdean have in turn been replaced by new mixed-use buildings in the 21st century. Not all libraries opened in the postwar era were purpose-built. Hollingbury's library occupies a former pub which was in turn converted out of wartime prefabs; the 18th-century vicarage in Rottingdean became the village's library in the 1950s; and nearby Saltdean's library occupies part of Saltdean Lido. A branch library was also planned for the northeast of Hove, near St Ann's Well Gardens, in the 1960s. A plan submitted in 1962 proposed a library with residential accommodation above, next to St Thomas's Church on Davigdor Road. The building would have encroached on St Ann's Well Gardens, and public opposition to this meant the Davigdor Branch never went ahead.
Brighton Library, Hove Library and all the branch libraries were run by the respective borough councils until 1 April 1974, when they came under the control of East Sussex County Council and were run from Lewes, the county town. Exactly 23 years later, local control was regained when Brighton and Hove Council, the new entity in charge of the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove, took charge.
Main public libraries
Overview and statistics
Brighton & Hove Libraries, the city's library service, is provided by the city council under the terms of the Public Libraries and Museums Act 1964. Jubilee Library is the main facility in central Brighton; there is another central library in Hove; and 12 "community libraries" (branch libraries) are located in suburban areas. Delivery services to housebound people, residential homes and sheltered accommodation are also offered. Three of the city's libraries are in standalone buildings which are not shared with any other facilities or users. One of these is the Grade II-listed Hove Library: in late 2015, it was calculated that more than £1.2 million would be needed in the next five years for running costs and maintenance. As a result, the city council announced a proposal to close the library and move its books and other facilities to an extended Hove Museum and Art Gallery.
According to the city council, Jubilee Library "delivers around 50% of the total library services for the city". By 2014, it attracted more than a million visitors per year, making it the busiest library in the South East England region and the second busiest in the country. In the 2014/15 financial year it dropped to fifth place nationally with just over 952,000 visits. Statistics measured in late 2014 state that the city's libraries were used by 47% of residents in the last year—a much higher proportion than nationally (35%).
Library service revenue in the 2013/2014 financial year was £643,797 and was generated from various sources: fines for overdue books, sales of surplus stock, letting space and hiring equipment to other organisations, and grants.
Brighton (Jubilee)
Jubilee Library is the centrepiece of the Jubilee Square development in the North Laine, an early-21st-century scheme which regenerated a "desolate space" of temporary car parks and wasteland. Construction started in November 2002 and lasted for two years, and the library was opened to the public on 3 March 2005. The Princess Royal officially opened it 16 days earlier. The building cost £14 million, which was in line with its budget. The money was raised through a private finance initiative (PFI), which was authorised in May 1998. The contract was won by Mill Group Consortium jointly with Norwich Union PPPF in November 2000. Architecture firms Bennetts Associates and LCE Architects, and construction firm Rok plc, were chosen to build the library.
The building was designed in line with sustainable principles and has several distinctive architectural features. "Carefully wrought but nonetheless striking", the library is formed of a "slightly austere translucent glass box" with an angled brise soleil and tiled side walls. The "lofty, noble" interior is open-plan, broken up only by white-painted splayed concrete columns. The interior is lit by a two-storey louvre which forms the transition between the glazed façade and the interior. The extensive use of solar and wind power, natural air circulation, rainwater harvesting and internal lighting which automatically adjusts to the light conditions make it "one of the most energy efficient public buildings in the country".
Hove
The Hove Commissioners formed a committee to investigate the establishment of a "Free Public Library" for the growing town. Residents had the chance to vote on the matter in March 1891, and the majority supported the proposal. William Willett offered space at 11 Grand Avenue, and a reading room and reference library was established later that year. Books and other works were donated by wealthy residents. The library moved to 22 Third Avenue in June 1901, but two years later Andrew Carnegie donated £10,000 "to erect a free Public Library building for Hove, if the Free Public Libraries Act be adopted". The site chosen for the library was on Church Road near St Andrew's Church and was occupied by a depot. The buildings were cleared in 1905 and a competition was held to find a suitable design for the library. Of the 71 entries, ten were shortlisted and were scrutinised by RIBA president John Belcher. The design submitted by Percy Robinson and W. Alban Jones of Leeds was the winner, the plans were signed off by the council in October 1906, and the foundation stone was laid on 10 June 1907 by the Mayor of Hove. The new library was opened by Margaret Elizabeth Villiers, Countess of Jersey, on 8 July 1908. F.G. Minter was the building contractor, and construction cost £13,500. The "highly inventive" Doulting stone building has two storeys and has elements of the Edwardian Baroque and Renaissance Revival styles. An "impressive glass dome" lights the interior. Lost features of the building include a cupola (removed as structurally unsound in 1967), a roof garden and a flagpole. The library was Grade II-listed in November 1992.
Branch libraries
Mobile library
For many years, the council operated a mobile library service. A new vehicle was bought in 2004, and in 2010 it was reported that a replacement would be brought into service the following year. About 800 people used the service annually. The council announced it was withdrawing its funding in January 2013, and the vehicle ran for the last time on 27 April 2013. "A personalised door-to-door delivery service" replaced it at a cost of £37,000 per year, compared to £84,000 for the mobile library. A proposal to stop the service had been made in December 2011, but two months later more funding was secured. Another extension was granted in September 2012, but the service ceased in 2013. Nearly 24,000 users were recorded in the 2012/2013 financial year, its final full year of operation.
A small-scale mobile library began operating in July 2013. The Quaker Mobile Library Brighton, run by the Quaker Homeless Action group, is aimed at homeless people and "operate[s] out of suitcases that have shelves built into them" rather than using a vehicle.
Music libraries
Brighton had a separate music library from 1964 until 1999. It occupied a Classical-style building which dated from 1825. Situated on the north side of Church Street opposite the old library and art gallery complex, it had a varied history. Originally the Trinity Independent Presbyterian Chapel (or "Mr Faithfull's Chapel"), it closed 1896 and became successively a bazaar, a warehouse and the Brighton and Hove General Gas Company's showroom. After its closure in 1999, the Local Studies section of the library moved in when the main library collection was moved out of the old building pending the opening of Jubilee Library. It stood empty from 2003 until 2010, when it became a French restaurant. Hove had a separate music library for a time as well: it was opened on 16 March 1966 by the tenor Joseph Ward, and moved to 176 Church Road (close to the main library, which is at 182–186 Church Road) 18 months later. In December 1983, the council decided to close the building and integrate the music collection into the main library. It was sold for £80,000 in 1985 and passed into commercial use.
Coordinates
Notes
References
Bibliography
Buildings and structures in Brighton and Hove
Brighton and Hove
Lists of buildings and structures in East Sussex
Brighton and Hove
Libraries |
6904993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abukuma-class%20destroyer%20escort | Abukuma-class destroyer escort | The Abukuma-class destroyer escort (or frigate) is the general-purpose destroyer escort of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. It is the successor of the earlier .
Design
This class was planned to replace the earlier and possess both ASW capability as the successor of the and ASuW capability as the successor of the Yūbari class, but there are many enhancements as follows:
Introduction of stealth technology
This class is the first combatant ship of the JMSDF with stealth technology. Their superstructure has traditional vertical surfaces, but their hulls are angled to reduce their radar cross section.
Electronic warfare
This is the first destroyer escort class with the Naval Tactical Data System and OYQ-7 combat direction system. It is also the first destroyer escort class which has ECM capability with the OLT-3 jammer.
Weapon systems
The Short Range Air Defense system comprises the OPS-14 air-search radar, the OPS-28 surface search and target acquisition radar, one Otobreda 76 mm rapid-firing gun controlled by the FCS-2 fire-control system and Phalanx CIWS. The OPS-14 is the Japanese equivalent of the American AN/SPS-49 radar, and the OPS-28 is the equivalent of the American TAS Mk.23. Phalanx CIWS has given the ships an improved self-defence capability against anti-ship missiles. Mk.31 RAM GMWS Point Defense Missile System was planned, but it is not installed yet.
The ASW system comprises an OQS-8 hull-sonar (Japanese equivalent of the American DE-1167), ASROC anti-submarine rocket from the Type 74 octuple launcher (Japanese license-built version of the American Mark 16 GMLS) and lightweight ASW torpedoes from two HOS-301 triple torpedo tubes. A Tactical Towed-Array Sonar System was planned but it is not installed yet.
The JMSDF intended to build eleven ships of this class, but finally, only six were built because s started deploying in distinct forces. All six vessels of the class are named after World War II cruisers.
Ships in the class
See also
List of naval ship classes in service
Notes
References
Jane's Fighting Ships 2005-2006
Frigates of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Frigate classes |
23576981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard%20River | Barnard River | Barnard River, a perennial river of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Barnard River rises on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, near Hanging Rock, east of Nundle, and flows generally east southeast, joined by seven tributaries including the Bank and Curricabark rivers, before reaching its confluence with the Manning River, near Bretti. The river descends over its course.
The river was first explored in 1825 by European explorer Henry Dangar, and named by Thomas Mitchell in honour of Lt. Col. Andrew Barnard.
River diversion
The Barnard River Scheme, an inter-basin water transfer system, enables the transfer of up to of water per annum from the Barnard River and the upper catchment of the Manning River into the Hunter River. The diversion involves the transfer of water from Orham Dam, impounded at Barnard Weir, and pumped over the Mount Royal Range and gravity fed into the Glenbawn Dam. The diverted water then feeds into the Hunter River above its confluence with the Goulburn River. Water is accessed from the Barnard River to meet any shortfall from the Hunter River system in order to feed Plashett Dam and Lake Liddell, that are needed for the cooling of the Bayswater and Liddell electric power stations. The scheme operates under a water licence issued by the NSW Government to Macquarie Generation.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers in New South Wales (A-K)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Tablelands
Mid North Coast
Rivers of the Hunter Region |
44501769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fade%20into%20You%20%28The%20Vampire%20Diaries%29 | Fade into You (The Vampire Diaries) | "Fade into You" is the 8th episode of the sixth season of the American series The Vampire Diaries and the series' 119th episode overall. "Fade Into You" was originally aired on November 20, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Nina Fiore and John Herrera and directed by Joshua Butler.
Plot
Caroline (Candice Accola) organizes a "friendsgiving dinner" for the Thanksgiving Day and she invites everyone except Stefan (Paul Wesley). Jo (Jodi Lyn O'Keefe) is the first to arrive and when Elena (Nina Dobrev) asks her where Alaric (Matt Davis) is, Jo tells them that Alaric had to make an unplanned trip with Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Stefan. Elena calls Alaric only to find out that Bonnie (Kat Graham) is probably alive and they had to make this trip to find a way to save her.
Liam (Marco James) arrives at the "friendsgiving dinner" and apologizes to Elena. Liv (Penelope Mitchell) also arrives but she does not seem to be in a very good mood and Tyler (Michael Trevino) tries to understand what is wrong. Luke (Chris Brochu) gets to the dinner last bringing a video of him and Liv from their fourth birthday for everyone to see. He plays it and when Jo hears it, she recognizes her voice and reveals that she is Liv and Lukas' sister.
Jo tells everyone the story of her family and what her brother Kai (Chris Wood) did eighteen years ago. The leaders of their coven, the Gemini coven, come from twins. Her and Kai should be the ones to follow the leadership but Kai was born without his own magic and he had to consume it from others. When their father realized that Kai would not be the best person to lead the coven, they kept having kids until another set of twins was born. When Kai found out, he killed his four other siblings and was after Liv and Lucas too. Jo protected them with her magic and agreed to merge with him for the leadership to save their lives. Jo, though, hid her magic and Kai was not able to merge with her. Their father, with the help of Sheila Bennett, used the power of the eclipse to send him away in his prison of 1994. When Elena asks why Liv is so upset about being the leader of the coven, Jo and Luke clarify that after the merge, the weaker of the twins dies.
In the meantime, Damon, Stefan and Alaric get to Portland to investigate about the Gemini coven. They find the house but no one seems to be there. Alaric finds pictures of Jo inside the house and in one of the pictures, Damon recognizes Kai. A man appears who introduces himself as the father of Kai, Joshua Parker (Christopher Cousins), and when he shakes hands with Damon, he makes them and the house disappear so Alaric and Stefan cannot see them. He uses his powers on Damon to knock him out and takes him into the house. When Damon wakes up, Joshua wants to know how Damon met Kai and if Kai can get himself out of his prison. Damon tells him everything and that they need the ascendant to get Bonnie out of there, but Joshua does not want to give it to him.
Joshua realizes that since Kai has the ascendant and while being trapped with a Bennett witch, he will finally find his way out. To make sure that he will not merge with Jo, he casts a spell to kill her. Meanwhile, outside the house, Alaric is on the phone with Jo. She informs him that the ascendant is with her and that her father will not allow them to open Kai's world. While they are talking, Jo collapses due to her father's spell. Elena and Liam try to help her while she gives Stefan and Alaric directions how to get into the house. Stefan gets into the house in time to save Damon and Elena is forced to heal Jo by using her blood in front of Liam. Liam is confused and asks for explanations, Elena tells him the truth but she immediately compels him to forget everything about it.
In 1994, Kai brings Bonnie to Portland and offers to cook Thanksgiving dinner to her. They make a deal that after that, everyone will take their separate ways. During the dinner Kai tells Bonnie the whole story about his family and how they locked him up there. He also reveals to her that all this time he was wondering where his sister's magic went when they tried to merge but he figured it out when Bonnie put her magic away for safety. He finds the knife where Jo put her magic and he consumes it. Bonnie reminds him that since she does not have her magic, he cannot do the spell since he needs a Bennett witch. Kai tells her that after seeing the spell twice, he knows that he only needs Bennett's blood so he stabs her with the knife. Later on, Bonnie wakes up to realize that Kai left to go back to Mystic Falls leaving her alone in Portland.
Feature music
In the episode "Fade Into You" we can hear the songs:
"When You Fall In Love" by Andrew Ripp
"Runaway Train" by Soul Asylum
"Mr. Jones" by Counting Crows
"Full Moon Song" by Peter Bradley Adams
"When I Get Older" by Wild Party
Reception
Ratings
In its original American broadcast, "Fade Into You" was watched by 1.68 million; up by 0.14 from the previous episode.
Reviews
"Fade Into You" received mixed reviews.
Stephanie Flasher from TV After Dark gave the episode a B rating saying that it was a rather satisfying one. "It brings some truths to light while leaving viewers intrigued so they're sure tune in for the next episode." Flasher praised the writers, Nina Fiore and John Herrera, of the episode saying that they managed to say "four separate stories, in different locations and different decades altogether into one eye opening, question answering episode" as well as the director Joshua Butler, for whom she stated that he did a great job.
Rebecca Serle of Vulture rated the episode with 5/5 saying that it was probably the darkest episode we've seen this show go but also straight-up delightful. "Just when you think you have The Vampire Diaries figured out, it goes in a direction so unforeseen, you find yourself checking your TV Guide to make sure you’re on the right channel."
Leigh Raines from TV Fanatic rated the episode with 4.5/5. "For the most part, it was all about the magic this week, something I've kind of noticed lately in the world of Julie Plec. This is not a complaint by any means; I find this whole storyline fascinating. It's just that from watching both The Vampire Diaries and The Originals, it feels like the witches have suddenly taken a much more central role."
Sara Ditta of Next Projection rated the episode with 6.4/10 saying that it was a plot-heavy episode with many reveals about characters the viewers are not invested in, but there were some solid moments on it. "Overall, it was an episode designed to reveal a lot of plot behind a storyline that we aren’t particularly invested in since there aren’t many direct connections to our main characters. While Alaric is dating Jo now and Bonnie is stuck with Kai, the narrative is mainly focused on drama within this family of witches."
Rebecca Jane Stokes from Den of Geek rated the episode with 3/5 saying that it had many cliches. "I was really, really into the whole Jo and Kai being twins deal, though it was hardly revelatory if you’ve been paying attention and have read a book. The Gemini coven? Clearly there were going to be twins involved. Not sure how I feel about this whole twins-fusing together, strong one absorbing the weak one’s strength, but I’ll go for it for now."
Jen of TV Overmind gave a good review to the episode saying that everything makes more sense now and the balance between the cheesy romances and the darker aspects has never been so right since the early seasons. "While it’s predictable that the new witches this season are all related, they have such a twisted family history that it could rival that of the Mikaelsons. Ever since we lost the Original family to their spin-off show, it’s a welcome change to introduce an equally troubled serial killer and his family’s complicated past."
References
External links
2014 American television episodes
The Vampire Diaries (season 6) episodes
Thanksgiving television episodes |
44501878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Methylpsilocin | 1-Methylpsilocin | 1-Methylpsilocin is a tryptamine derivative which acts as a selective agonist for the 5-HT2C receptor (IC50 of 12 nM, vs 633 nM at 5-HT2A), and an inverse agonist at 5-HT2B (Ki of 38 nM). While 1-methylpsilocin does have higher affinity for 5-HT2C than 5-HT2A, it does produce a head-twitch response in mice that are dependent on 5-HT2A, so it is not entirely free of effects on 5-HT2A in vivo. In contrast to psilocin, 1-methylpsilocin did not activate 5-HT1A receptors in mice. 1-Methylpsilocin has been investigated for applications such as treatment of glaucoma, OCD, and cluster headaches, as these conditions are amenable to treatment with psychedelic drugs but are not generally treated with such agents due to the hallucinogenic side effects they produce, which are considered undesirable. 1-Methylpsilocin therefore represents a potential alternative treatment to psilocin that may be less likely to produce hallucinogenic effects.
See also
2-Bromo-LSD
CP-132,484
O-4310
References
Serotonin receptor agonists
Tryptamines
Hydroxyarenes
Dimethylamino compounds |
23576984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beardy%20River | Beardy River | Beardy River, a perennial river that is part of the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course
The river rises north–north–west of Deepwater and flows south–west, west–north–west and then north–north-west, before its confluence with the Dumaresq River, about south–east of Bonshaw. The river generally runs south of Torrington State Recreation Area, descending over its course.
Wildlife in Beardy River region
The Beardy River region, particularly the Beardy River Hill Catchment Management Authority sub-region, is rich in rare flora and fauna. Endangered plants such as the MacNutt's wattle, velvet wattle and Torrington pea have been found here. The area is also home to endangered birds such as the glossy black-cockatoo, brown treecreeper, swift parrot, square-tailed kite and barking owl. The area also has a few marsupials, including the spotted-tailed quoll, squirrel glider and koala.
Gallery
References
External links
Tributaries of the Darling River |
44501892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevendale%2C%20New%20South%20Wales | Bevendale, New South Wales | Bevendale is a rural town located in the Southern Tablelands in New South Wales, Australia. It is north of Dalton and is located in the Upper Lachlan Shire. The Hume Highway passes through the south of Bevendale.
Bevendale is a small rural town with only a population of three people, with 224 living in the general Bevendale area at the . The area has little to no mobile phone reception. Dalton is the nearest service town, with residents also heading to Gunning to trade in the markets there.
See also
Gunning
Dalton
Goulburn
Yass
Notes
References
Towns in New South Wales
Southern Tablelands
Upper Lachlan Shire |
6905008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie%20Love | Movie Love | Movie Love: Complete Reviews 1988–1991 (1991) is the 11th and last collection of film reviews by the critic Pauline Kael and covers the period from October 1988 to March 1991, when she chose to retire from her regular film reviewing duties at The New Yorker. In the "Author's Note" that begins the anthology, Kael writes that this period had "not been a time of great moviemaking fervor", but "what has been sustaining is that there is so much to love in movies besides great moviemaking."
She reviews 85 films in this final collection. She gives rich praise to directors and performers she admires - in this collection for example, Pedro Almodóvar; 'Generalissimo Francisco Franco kept the lid on Spain for 36 years; he died in 1975 and Almodóvar is part of what jumped out of the box. The most original pop writer-director of the 1980s; he's Jean-Luc Godard with a human face - a happy face.' And Chet Baker in Let's Get Lost; " He's singing a torch song after the flame is gone; he's selling the romance of burnout." Perhaps pre-eminently in this collection she praises Brian De Palma's Casualties of War; "Some movies - La Grande Illusion, and Shoeshine come to mind, - can affect us in more direct, emotional ways than simple entertainment movies. They have more imagination, more poetry, more intensity than the usual fare; they have themes, and a vision. Casualties of War has this kind of purity." And she's cool to what she regards as second rate - Field of Dreams, for example, - 'That the film is sincere doesn't mean it's not manipulative.' Or The Rainbow: "The ads for The Rainbow feature a banner line, 'Ken Russell is the purest interpreter D. H. Lawrence could have hoped for.' In his worst nightmare."
The films she recommends include; Patty Hearst, Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, True Believer, Scrooged, The Dressmaker, Dangerous Liaisons, Out Cold, Let's Get Lost, Say Anything..., Casualties of War, Ghostbusters II, Batman, The Fabulous Baker Boys, My Left Foot, Enemies, The Tall Guy, The Grifters, Vincent & Theo, Everybody Wins, L.A. Story.
Notably absent from this collection of reviews are the longer general essays on the films that Kael had written and included in past anthologies.
This book is out-of-print in the United States, but is still published by Marion Boyars Publishers of the United Kingdom.
Movies reviewed
Bird
Gorillas in the Mist
Patty Hearst
Another Woman
Punchline
Madame Sousatzka
Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown
Things Change
A Cry in the Dark
The Good Mother
Scrooged
High Spirits
The Dressmaker
Tequila Sunrise
Mississippi Burning
Dangerous Liaisons
Working Girl
The Accidental Tourist
Beaches
Dirty Rotten Scoundrels
Rain Man
True Believer
High Hopes
Three Fugitives
Out Cold
Parents
Cousins
New York Stories
The Adventures of Baron Munchausen
The Dream Team
Crusoe
Heathers
Let's Get Lost
Field of Dreams
Scandal
Say Anything
The Rainbow
Miss Firecracker
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
Vampire's Kiss
Dead Poets Society
Batman
Ghostbusters II
Casualties of War
My Left Foot
Penn & Teller Get Killed
A Dry White Season
The Fabulous Baker Boys
Breaking In
Johnny Handsome
Drugstore Cowboy
Crimes and Misdemeanors
Dad
Fat Man and Little Boy
The Bear
Henry V
Valmont
Blaze
Back to the Future Part II
The Little Mermaid
Enemies
Driving Miss Daisy
Music Box
Roger & Me
Always
Born on the Fourth of July
Glory
Internal Affairs
GoodFellas
The Tall Guy
Postcards from the Edge
Pacific Heights
Avalon
The Grifters
Reversal of Fortune
Vincent & Theo
Dances with Wolves
Edward Scissorhands
The Sheltering Sky
Everybody Wins
The Godfather Part III
The Bonfire of the Vanities
Awakenings
Sleeping with the Enemy
L.A. Story
References
1991 non-fiction books
Books of film criticism
Books about film
Books by Pauline Kael
American non-fiction books
E. P. Dutton books |
44501923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Frederick%20Emery | James Frederick Emery | Sir James Frederick Emery (1886–1983) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was elected at the 1935 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Salford West, and was defeated by the Labour candidate at the 1945 election.
References
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Salford West
1886 births
1983 deaths
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
People from Salford
UK MPs 1935–1945 |
23576992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belubula%20River | Belubula River | Belubula River, a perennial river that is part of the Lachlan catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the central west region of New South Wales, Australia.
Location and features
The river rises south of Vittoria, midway between Bathurst and Orange and generally flows south and west, joined by eight minor tributaries, flowing through Carcoar Lake where its flow is regulated, before reaching its mouth at the Lachlan River, east of Gooloogong; dropping over its course of .
The name is derived from the Australian Aboriginal meaning for stony river or big lagoon. The original inhabitants of the land alongside the Belubula River are the Indigenous Australians of the Wiradjuri clan.
Towns on the Belubula River, from its source towards its mouth, include Blayney, Carcoar, and Canowindra.
The New South Wales government the potential for a new dam of up to 700 gigalitres at Cranky Rock on the Belubula River. However, in 2018 the proposal was shelved due to environmental concerns.
Gallery
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Tributaries of the Lachlan River
Rivers of New South Wales |
6905013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooked%20%28book%29 | Hooked (book) | Hooked: Film Writings, 1985–88 (1989) is the ninth collection of movie reviews by the critic Pauline Kael, covering the period from July 1985 to June 1988. All articles in the book originally appeared in The New Yorker.
She reviews more than 170 films giving rich praise to the work of directors and performers she admires - in this collection for example, Robert Altman; Alan Rudolph - for his film Songwriter; Nick Nolte; Susan Sarandon; Melanie Griffith; Lesley Ann Warren; Steve Martin in Roxanne. And she attacks what she regards as second rate, for example, George Lucas, -"George Lucas should believe less in himself - he keeps trying to come up with an original idea, and he can't"; and the film Heartbreak Ridge - "It would take a board of inquiry made up of gods to determine whether this picture is more offensive aesthetically, psychologically, morally, or politically."
The films she recommends include:
The Best of Times
Dreamchild
Sweet Dreams
Down and Out in Beverly Hills
Compromising Positions
My Beautiful Laundrette
Mona Lisa
Salvador
Club Paradise
Mike's Murder
Blue Velvet
She's Gotta Have It
Re-Animator
Something Wild
Hour of the Star
The Stepfather
Law of Desire
Raising Arizona
Brazil
Roxanne
Tampopo
Eat the Peach
The Witches of Eastwick
Wish You Were Here
Hamburger Hill
Hope and Glory
Weeds
The Dead
The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne
Moonstruck
The Unbearable Lightness of Being
High Tide
High Season
Pass the Ammo
Hairspray
Matador
Beetlejuice
Masquerade
A World Apart
Bull Durham
The title refers to her film 'addiction'. "I got hooked on movies at an early age, (around 4 or 5 , when I saw them while sitting on my parents' laps), and I am still a child before a moving image. Movies seem to me the most mysteriously great of all art forms."
The book is out-of-print in the United States, but is still published by Marion Boyars Publishers in the United Kingdom.
References
1989 non-fiction books
Books of film criticism
Books about film
Books by Pauline Kael
American non-fiction books
E. P. Dutton books |
6905018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taking%20It%20All%20In | Taking It All In | Taking It All In is the seventh collection of movie reviews by the critic Pauline Kael and contains the 150 film reviews she wrote for The New Yorker between June 9, 1980, and June 13, 1983. She writes in the Author's Note at the beginning of the collection that, "it was a shock to discover how many good ones there were", as well as observing that only a very few of the movies she liked were box office successes - E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Tootsie, Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. She laments that, "in the '80s, films that aren't immediate box office successes are instantly branded as losers, flops, bombs. Some of the movies that meant the most to me were in this doomed group - The Stunt Man, Pennies from Heaven, Blow Out, The Devil's Playground, Melvin and Howard, Shoot the Moon, Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean."
The collection starts up after a gap of a year, part of which Kael spent in Los Angeles and what she learned during those months is summed up in the piece "Why Are Movies So Bad?" This essay, (in which she takes on the Hollywood money men whose love of swift and easy financial returns she believed led to the too many truly bad films on show at the time), is also included in the collection. ( "Why Are Movies So Bad? Or The Numbers").
The book is out-of-print in the United States, but is still published by Marion Boyars Publishers in the United Kingdom.
Editions
Henry Holt & Co., 1984, hardbound ()
Marion Boyars, 1986, paperback ()
1984 non-fiction books
Books of film criticism
Books about film
Books by Pauline Kael
American non-fiction books
Henry Holt and Company books |
23576993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bemboka%20River | Bemboka River | The Bemboka River, a perennial stream of the Bega River catchment, is located in the Monaro and South Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Bemboka River rises in the Kybeyan Range, that is part of the Great Dividing Range, about east of the village of Nimmitabel; and flows generally south southwest, south southeast, and east southeast, joined by three tributaries including the Nunnock River, before reaching its confluence with the Tantawangalo Creek to form the Bega River at Morans Crossing, adjacent to the Snowy Mountains Highway. The river descends over its course.
In its upper reaches, the Bemboka River is impounded by the Cochrane Dam to form the Cochrane Lake. The main purpose of the dam is to supply water for a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station at the downstream Brown Mountain Power Station, and for irrigation purposes.
The Bemboka River was previously the name given to the Bega River. The name Bemboka River now only applies down to its confluence with Tantawangalo Creek, from where the water course is then known as the Bega River.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers in New South Wales (A-K)
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
South Coast (New South Wales) |
23576994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%E2%80%9383%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 1982–83 Libyan Premier League | The 1982–83 Libyan Premier League was the 16th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963.
Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Al Madina Tripoli won the championship.
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Playoff
Semifinal
Al-Ahly (Tripoli) 3-1 ; 1-1 Al-Ahly (Benghazi)
Al-Nasr (Benghazi) 1-1 ; 0-1 Al Madina Tripoli
Final
Al Madina Tripoli 2-1 Al-Ahly (Tripoli)
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
1982–83 in Libyan football
Libya |
6905025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo%20School%20for%20the%20Arts | Toledo School for the Arts | Toledo School for the Arts is a public charter school in downtown Toledo, Ohio founded by former director Martin Porter. It was first sponsored by the Toledo Board of Education. In 2008 the school was chartered by Bowling Green State University. TSA serves over 700 students from any school district in Ohio in Junior Division (6th, 7th and 8th grades), and Senior Division (9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades). TSA's college preparatory curriculum integrates the visual, language, and performing arts. In addition to core academic subjects, classes are offered in dance, music, theatre, English language, humanities, and visual arts and include training and career development for students interested in pursuing professions in the arts. TSA students have been accepted to many of the nation's best colleges and universities.
First Friday
First Friday is a monthly event for the public with performances, demonstrations and exhibits of student work. The highlight of each year is Kaleidoscope, a performance and art exhibit that features student works from each department as well as student soloists. Students collectively participate in an average of 180 performances and exhibitions each year.
Community
TSA has "ARTnerships" with Toledo's major cultural institutions, including the Toledo Symphony Orchestra, the Arts Commission of Greater Toledo, the Toledo Museum of Art, the Toledo Ballet Association, Toledo Repertoire Theatre, and Ballet Theatre of Toledo. ARTnerships are community organizations that share TSA's vision.
History
The Toledo School for the Arts began operating in 1999.
In 2004, TSA moved to 333 14th Street, the former Willys Overland building located in uptown Toledo. In 2009 the school opened its own gallery to allow them the ability to hold art shows and sell student art throughout the year.
In 2008 TSA was awarded a No School Left Behind Blue Ribbon from the US Department of Education. In 2007 TSA was identified as one of the leading charter schools in the nation, and featured in the US Department of Education publication, Innovations in Education Reform. TSA has twice been designated a Bronze Medal School by U.S. News & World Report.
In 2016 TSA was named the number one charter school in Ohio by the website Niche, a website that ranks schools based on data and reviews. They were also named the 25th best school in Ohio by Niche.
In 2019 TSA unveiled an Ohio Historic Marker on the corner of 14th and Adams detailing the history of the building which was constructed in the early 1900s by the Willys Overland Company. During the unveiling the school announced plans to expand the historic building with an addition and increase student enrollment.
In 2022 the Toledo School for the Arts began groundbreaking on a major expansion.
Notable alumni
Crystal Bowersox
References
External links
School Website
High schools in Lucas County, Ohio
Bowling Green State University
United States
Performing arts education in the United States
Arts schools in the United States
1999 establishments in Ohio |
6905026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20the%20Lights%20Go%20Down%20%28book%29 | When the Lights Go Down (book) | When the Lights Go Down: Film Writings 1975–1980 (1980), is the sixth collection of movie reviews by the critic Pauline Kael.
Background
All material in the book originally appeared in The New Yorker. The collection begins with an appreciation of Cary Grant. " Mae West's raucous invitation to him - 'Why don't you come up sometime and see me?' - was echoed thirty years later by Audrey Hepburn in Charade: 'Won't you come in for a minute? I don't bite, you know, unless it's called for.' And then, purringly, 'Do you know what's wrong with you? Nothing.' That might be a summary of Cary Grant, the finest romantic comedian of his era: there's nothing the matter with him." . After the profile of Cary Grant the book contains reviews of movies of the second half of the 1970s - more than one hundred and fifty of them.
The book is out-of-print in the United States, but is still published by Marion Boyars Publishers in the United Kingdom.
Critical response
National Post reported that the volume "sold in impressive numbers".
Matthew Wilder of City Pages wrote of Kael and offered "Her peak can be seen in the masterly collection When the Lights Go Down".
Jim Emersonon of Sun Times wrote Renata Adler's 7,646-word massive attack on Kael in the New York Review of Books", "...was ostensibly a review of Kael's 1980 collection When the Lights Go Down". He further offered that in her own The Perils of Pauline, Adler panned Kael's work on the volume when Adler wrote "Now, When the Lights Go Down, a collection of her reviews over the past five years, is out; and it is, to my surprise and without Kael- or Simon-like exaggeration, not simply, jarringly, piece by piece, line by line, and without interruption, worthless. It turns out to embody something appalling and widespread in the culture."
The volume has been archived in the National Library of Australia.
Editions
Henry Holt & Co., 1980, hardbound ()
Henry Holt & Co., 1980, paperback ()
References
External links
1980 non-fiction books
Books of film criticism
Books about film
Books by Pauline Kael
American non-fiction books
Henry Holt and Company books |
23576997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendoc%20River | Bendoc River | The Bendoc River is a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, located in the Alpine regions of the states of Victoria and New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Bendoc River rises within Errinundra National Park on the Errinundra Plateau, approximately south by east of Bendoc, in East Gippsland, Victoria. The river flows generally north northwest, west northeast, southeast, and then northeast, joined by four minor tributaries, before joining with the Queensborough River to form the Little Plains River approximately south southwest of Craigie, north of the Black-Allan Line that forms part of the border between Victoria and New South Wales. The river descends over its course.
Etymology
The name of the river is believed to be derived from a dock that was located on the river in Victoria, adjacent to a pastoral lease held by Benjamin Boyd. The dock was named "Ben's Dock". However, there was a lack of uniformity in the spelling, variously as Bendoc or Bendock, in relation to a mountain, the river, a parish, and the town near the Victoria and New South Wales borders. In 1966, the Shire of Orbost informed the Victorian government that local sentiment wished to retain the spelling Bendoc. The matter was finalised when the decision of the Minister of Lands was published in the Victoria Government Gazette on 29 May 1968, proclaiming the town and river to be spelt Bendoc.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of Victoria (Australia)
East Gippsland catchment
Rivers of Gippsland (region)
Rivers of New South Wales
Snowy Mountains |
17337330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20UEFA%20European%20Under-17%20Championship%20squads | 2008 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads | Below are the rosters for the UEFA U-17 Championship 2008 tournament in Turkey. Players name marked in bold went on to earn full international caps.
Players' ages as of the tournament's opening day (4 May 2008).
Group A
Head coach: Albert Stuivenberg
Head coach: Dejan Đurđević
Head coach: Ross Mathie
Head coach: Şenol Ustaömer
Group B
Head coach: Francis Smerecki
Head coach: Sean McCaffrey
Head coach: Juan Santisteban
Head coach: Yves Débonnaire
Footnotes
Squads
UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads |
17337334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20Bird%20%28short%20story%29 | Early Bird (short story) | "Early Bird" is a science fiction short story written in 1973 by Theodore R. Cogswell and Theodore L. Thomas. The story was first published in Astounding: The John W Campbell Memorial Anthology. It takes place within the same universe as Cogswell's 1952 novel The Spectre General and features the character Major Kurt Dixon of the Imperial Space Marines.
Synopsis
After the Marines have defeated the Galactic Protectorate, the Empire's trade routes start being invaded by the Kierans. The Kierans are an alien race that use ships equipped with a seemingly invincible weapon that clouds the brains of the crew of the ships that try to follow them. Major Kurt Dixon is given command of a scout patrol that follows a Kieran ship to its home base, but he is "fogged" and left unconscious.
Dixon's ship is equipped with an experimental computer that generates a cybernetic personality to support him on long lonely space patrols. The computer, known as Zelda, manages to land the ship on an uncharted planet, inhabited by huge organo-metallic creatures that prey on each other with awesome weaponry and computerised defences.
Whilst the ship is disabled on the planet, it becomes a part of a mating process between two of these creatures. The 'sperm' of one creature homes in on the 'egg' laid by another creature. As part of a 'selection of the fittest' process, Dixon and his ship are modified, acquiring vastly improved mental and physical powers. Dixon discovers that he can now out-manoeuvre the Kierans. He realises that the entire patrol fleet can do the same thing; the newly improved fleet then proceeds to defeat the Kierans.
External links
1973 short stories
American short stories
Science fiction short stories |
23576999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermagui%20River | Bermagui River | Bermagui River is an open and trained semi-mature wave dominated barrier estuary or perennial river located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Formed by the confluence of the Coolagolite Creek and Nutleys Creek, near Bermagui South, the Bermagui River flows generally east, before reaching its mouth into the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean near Bermagui. The river descends over its course.
The catchment area of the river is with a volume of over a surface area of , at an average depth of .
The name of the river is derived from the Aboriginal Dyirringanj word, spelled variously as permageua and bermaguee, meaning a canoe with paddles.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
South Coast (New South Wales) |
20477217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore%20Fort | Bangalore Fort | Bangalore Fort began in 1537 as a mud fort. The builder was Kempe Gowda I, a vassal of the Vijaynagar Empire and the founder of Bangalore. Hyder Ali in 1761 replaced the mud fort with a stone fort and it was further improved by his son Tipu Sultan in the late 18th century. It was damaged during an Anglo-Mysore war in 1791. It still remains a good example of 18th-century military fortification. The army of the British East India Company, led by Lord Cornwallis on 21 March 1791 captured the fort in the siege of Bangalore during the Third Mysore War (1790–1792). At the time the fort was a stronghold for Tipu Sultan. Today, the fort's Delhi gate, on Krishnarajendra Road, and two bastions are the primary remains of the fort. A marble plaque commemorates the spot where the British breached fort's wall, leading to its capture. The old fort area also includes Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace, and his armoury. The fort has provided the setting for the treasure hunt in the book Riddle of the Seventh Stone.
History
The confirmed history of the Bangalore Fort is traced to 1537, when Kempe Gowda I (pictured), a chieftain of the Vijayanagara Empire, widely held as the founder of modern Bangalore, built a mud fort and established the area around it as Bengaluru Pete, his capital.
Kempe Gowda I, who showed remarkable qualities of leadership from childhood, had a grand vision to build a new city which was further fueled by his visits to Hampi, now a UNESCO heritage city, the then beautiful capital city of the Vijayanagar Empire. He persevered with his vision and got permission from the King Achutaraya, the ruler of the empire, to build a new city for himself. The King gifted 12 hoblis (revenue subdivisions) with an annual income of 30,000 varahas (gold coins) to Kempe Gowda to meet the expenses of his venture of building a new city.
Kempe Gowda moved from his ancestral land of Yelahanka to establish his new principality, having obtained support from King Achutaraya. One version for the site selection process for the fort and the Bengaluru Pete is that during a hunting expedition along with his Advisor Gidde Gowda, Kempe Gowda went westward of Yelahanka and reached a village called Shivasamudra (near Hesaraghatta), some from Yelahanka where, in a tranquil atmosphere under a tree, he visualized building of a suitable capital city with a fort, a cantonment, tanks (water reservoirs), temples and people of all trades and professions. It is also said that an omen of an uncommon event of a hare chasing away a hunter dog at the place favoured selection of the place and a dream of goddess Lakshmi (Hindu Goddess of wealth) that prophesied good indications of the events to happen, further sealed his decision on the place for his capital. Following this event, on an auspicious day in 1537, he conducted a ground breaking ritual and festivities by ploughing the land with four pairs of decorated white bulls in four directions, at the focal point of the junction of Doddapet and Chikkapet, the junction of the present day Avenue Road and Old Taluk Kacheri Road (OTC).
Thereafter, he constructed a mud fort (now in the western part of the city), with a moat surrounding it, and nine large gates. The building of the mud fort is also steeped in a legend. During the construction of the Fort it was said that the southern gate would collapse no sooner than it was built and human sacrifice was indicated to ward off the evil spirits. When Kempe Gowda would not accept human sacrifice, his daughter-in-law, Lakshamma, realising her father-in-Law's predicament, beheaded herself with a sword at the southern gate in the darkness of night. Thereafter, the fort was completed without any mishap. In her memory, Kempe Gowda built a temple in her name in Koramangala. Thus, Kempe Gowda's dream fructified and the Bengaluru Pete evolved around the Mud fort called the Bangalore Fort.
In 1637–38, the Bangalore Fort under Kempe Gowda's rule was very prosperous. Rustam i Zaman, the commander under the Bijapur Sultanate who was on a war campaign, and after he had captured the Sira Fort close to Bangalore, wanted to capture the Bangalore Fort and the city. However, Kasturi Ranga Nayak who had been given the Sira Fort to hold, prevailed on Rustam i Zaman not to attack the fort even though he, after capturing the town, had surrounded the fort with 30,000 strong cavalry. Kempe Gowda managed to get Nayak withdraw the troops. Randaula Khan, who was not convinced with the action of Nayak in withdrawing the troops, met Nayak in his tent and promised him more rewards and also recognition under the Bijapur rulers, Nayak relented but advised Randaula not to attack the fort at that time and that he would manage surrender of the fort by Kempe Gowda eventually. Soon enough he prevailed on Kempe Gowda to surrender the fort with all its riches without any battle. Rustom-i-Zaman then took over the fort and handed over its management to Shahji along with other territories, which he had recently conquered, with Bangalore as his headquarters.
This mud fort was enlarged during Chikkadeva Raya Wodeyar's rule between 1673 AD – 1704 AD. In 1761, it was renovated by Hyder Ali, who made it strong with stones. A part of the fort was subject to bombardment by the British when they fought a battle against Tipu Sultan, son of Hyder Ali. Tipu Sultan repaired the fort later. Inside the fort, there is temple dedicated to Lord Ganapathy.
In March 1791 the army of the British East India Company led by Lord Cornwallis laid siege to the Bangalore fort during the Third Mysore War. Following tough resistance by the Mysore army led by the Commandant Bahadur Khan, in which over 2000 people were killed, on 21 March the British breached the walls near the Delhi Gate and captured it. In the words of the British chronicler Mark Wilks "Resistance was everywhere respectable." With the capture of the Bangalore Fort the Army of British East India Company replenished supplies and obtained a strategic base from where it could attack Srirangapatna, Tippu Sultan's capital.
Fort structure
The Bangalore fort, ca. 1791, was described as follows:
What remains of the fort today is just the Delhi Gate, and the rest has been demolished. It was originally about a km in length. Stretching from the Delhi Gate, up to the present KIMS campus. Within the Bangalore Fort were the present Victoria Hospital, the Kote Venkataramana Swamy temple, Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace, Makkala Koota park, the armoury in the Bangalore Medical College campus, Fort High School, Fort Church, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, and the present KIMS hospital and campus.
Kote Venkataramana Temple
Fort Church
The Fort Church, Bangalore, was located within the Bangalore Fort. The church was demolished to make place for the construction of the Vani Vilas Hospital. The Government of Mysore allotted land in Chamrajpet for construction of a new church, and this is now the St. Luke's Church. Early records refer to this church as the Drummer's Chapel, constructed by British soldiers after the fall of Tippu Sultan. The Fort Church, Bangalore was the first protestant church to be raised in Bangalore.
Fort Cemetery
The Fort Cemetery, where the officers who fell in the Siege of Bangalore were buried, is illustrated in Robert Home's book, Select Views in Mysore, the country of Tippoo Sultan, published by Robert Bowyer, London, 1794. Home's painting shows the graves of Captains James Smith, James Williamson, John Shipper, Nathaniel Daws and Jeremiah Delany, Lieutenant Conan and Lieutenant-Colonel Gratton. As recorded in 1895, The cemetery was located just outside the Fort Church, with the church being responsible for its maintenance. The cemetery had cypress trees, rose bushes and flowers. The Government of Mysore, had constructed a wall and gate for the cemetery.
However, as recorded in 1912 by Rev. Frank Penny in his book The Church in Madras: Volume II, the cemetery no longer existed. The record of the offers who fell in the battle for the Bangalore Fort in 1791, were transferred to the cenotaph, raised by the Government of Mysore. The cenotaph was consequently vandalised on 28 October 1964 and completely destroyed.
Fort School
The Fort Church, managed the Fort School from the end of the 19th century. The church provided furniture, study maps, and managed accounts, all overseen by the Fort Church School Committee. The Diocesan Magazine, records that on 29 December 1909, with Miss. Rozario as the head mistress (serving from 1893 to 1909), a school function being organised for the present and old students of the Fort School, by J W Hardy, Lay Trustee of the Fort Church, with prize distribution by E A Hill, School inspector and Rev. G H Lamb. In 1911, the head mistress was Miss Page, as recorded by the Diocesan Magazine.
There still exists a Fort School at Chamrajpet, with its building dating back to 1907. Once called the English Vernacular School, the Fort School is located opposite the Bangalore Medical College, and near the Tipu Sultan's Summer Palace. The School Building was built in 1907, and has amongst its students freedom fighter H S Doreswamy, cricketer G R Vishwanath, statesman V S Krishna Iyer, Mysore Maharaja Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar, former Chief Minister of Karnataka Kengal Hanumanthaiah and bureaucrat Narasimha Rao. The building is being studied by INTACH for possible renovation. The Fort School is the oldest high school in the Banglore pete area. The school at present has 186 students in English Medium and 81 studying in Kannada Medium. Majority of the English Medium students are from Tamil and Telugu families, studying all subjects in English, English language, mother tongue language and Kannada as third language.
Present status
All that remains of the fort is the Delhi Gate and remnants of two bastions. After they captured the fort in 1791, the British started dismantling it, a process that continued till the 1930s. Ramparts and walls made way for roads, while arsenals, barracks and the other old buildings quickly made way for colleges, schools, bus stands, and hospitals. In November 2012 workers at the neighbouring Bangalore Metro construction site unearthed 2 huge iron cannons weighing a ton each with cannonballs dating back to the times of Tipu Sultan.
Sketches of James Hunter
James Hunter served as a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery. He was a military painter, and his sketches portrayed aspects of military and everyday life. Hunter served the British India Army and took part in Tippu Sultan Campaigns.
Hunter has sketched different landscapes of South India, including Bangalore, Mysore, Hosur, Kancheepuram, Madras, Arcot, Sriperumbudur, etc. These paintings were published in 'A Brief history of ancient and modern India embellished with coloured engravings', published by Edward Orme, London between 1802 and 1805, and 'Picturesque scenery in the Kingdom of Mysore' published by Edward Orme in 1804.
Hunter died in India in 1792. Some of his paintings of Bangalore Fort are below
Other British Sketches of Bangalore Fort
References
Bibliography
Suras Tourist Guide To Bangalore
The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times
The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful ..., Volume 3
External links
There are interesting ways of knowing the history of Bangalore Fort and exploring the remnants.
History of Bangalore
Forts in Karnataka
Buildings and structures in Bangalore
Tourist attractions in Bangalore
1537 establishments in India |
23577010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Badja%20River | Big Badja River | The Big Badja River, a perennial river of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Monaro region of New South Wales, Australia.
The river rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, north–east of Cooma at the junction of the Kybeyan and Gourock Ranges, and generally flows south and west, joined by three minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Numeralla River at the village of Numeralla; dropping over its course of .
Alluvial gold was discovered in and along the river in 1858, with the Big Badja diggings worked between 1861 and 1868.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Tributaries of the Murrumbidgee River |
20477254 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewels%20and%20Bullets | Jewels and Bullets | "Jewels And Bullets" is the second single from the album Hi Fi Way by the Australian rock band You Am I. It was released in 1995 and reached #93 on the Australian ARIA singles chart, and #93 in the 1995 Triple J Hottest 100.
Track listing
"Jewels and Bullets " – 2:58
"Jaimme's Got a Gal (Remix)" - 3:30
"Young Man Blues (Live)" - 5:01
Tracks 1 and 2 (Rogers). Track 3 (Allison).
The "Jaimme's Got a Gal" remix features strings and additional guitar and percussion.
"Young Man Blues" is a cover version of the Mose Allison song brought to prominence by The Who. It was recorded live at Memorial Stadium in Seattle on August 13, 1994, while supporting Soundgarden on a national tour.
References
1995 singles
You Am I songs
Songs written by Tim Rogers (musician)
1995 songs
Songs written by Rusty Hopkinson
Songs written by Andy Kent |
23577013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichocentrum%20stramineum | Trichocentrum stramineum | Trichocentrum stramineum is a species of orchid endemic to Mexico (Veracruz).
References
External links
stramineum
Endemic orchids of Mexico
Flora of Veracruz |
23577014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimberamala%20River | Bimberamala River | Bimberamala River, a perennial river of the Clyde River catchment, is located in the Southern Tablelands and the upper ranges of the South Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Bimberamala River rises below Mount Budawang, on the eastern slopes of the Budawang Range, part of the Great Dividing Range and within Budawang National Park. The river generally flows northeast, then south, then east northeast, and finally north northeast, through Bimberamala National Park and Yadbro State Forest, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with the Clyde River, north of the village of Brooman. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (A-K)
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales
South Coast (New South Wales)
Southern Tablelands |
20477282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Kumaonis | List of Kumaonis | Kumaonis are people from the Kumaon, a region in the Indian Himalayas.
Administration
Murli Manohar Joshi
B. D. Pande
V. C. Pande
N.D. Tiwari
Defence forces
Major Rajesh Singh Adhikari, Mahavir Chakra awardee. Hero Battle of Tololing , Kargil war
Vice Admiral Harish Bisht, PVSM, AVSM, ADC former Flag Officer of the Indian Navy.
Bahadur Singh Bohra, Lawanz Operation: 25 Sep 2008, Ashoka Chakra recipient
Mohan Nath Goswami, Operation : CI & IS Ops, Sep 03, 2015 , Ashoka Chakra recipient
General Bipin Chandra Joshi, 17th Chief of Army Staff (COAS) , First Army Chief from Uttarakhand
Admiral Devendra Kumar Joshi 21st Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy
Ummed Singh Mahra, Operation : Op Orchid, 6 July 1971, Ashoka Chakra recipient
Mohan Chand Sharma, Batla House Encounter, 19 September 2008, Ashoka Chakra recipient
Politics
Kashi Singh Airy
Yashpal Arya
K. C. Singh Baba
Mohan Singh Bisht
Ajay Bhatt
Ganesh Joshi
Murli Manohar Joshi
Puran Chand Joshi, general secretary of the C.P.I. (1935–1947)
Bhagat Singh Koshyari, governor of Maharashtra, chief minister of Uttarakhand
Kalu Singh Mahara, freedom fighter, led an anti-British militia in Champawat, during the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Badri Datt Pandey
Govind Ballabh Pant, freedom fighter, considered one of the architects of modern India
Hargovind Pant
Ila Pant
K. C. Pant, former defence minister and vice chairman of the Planning Commission
Prakash Pant
Sheila Irene Pant or Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan, Pakistan
Bachi Singh Rawat
Harish Chandra Singh Rawat, M.P. 7th, 8th, 9th Lok Sabha Almora, 15th Lok Sabha Haridwar, C.M. Uttarakhand
Pradeep Tamta, M.P.
N. D. Tiwari, three-time Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh(1976–77, 1984–85, 1988–89) and also served once as Chief Minister of Uttarakhand (2002–2007)
Bipin Chandra Tripathi, Founder of Uttarakhand Kranti Dal,A political party which started Uttarakhand movement, led to formation of state.
Judiciary
Prafulla Chandra Pant, author and former judge of the Supreme Court of India, currently a member of the National Human Rights Commission of India
Science
Ravindra Singh Bisht, Indian archeologist, Padma Shri recipient.
J. P. Joshi, archaeologist
M. C. Joshi, Indian archaeologist who served as Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) from 1990 to 1993.
Pooran Chand Joshi, social anthropologist
Shri Krishna Joshi, physicist
Janardan Ganpatrao Negi, theoretical geophysicist
Ghananand Pande, scientist
M. C. Pant, radiation oncologist
Nilamber Pant, space pioneer
Krishna Singh Rawat, surveyor cartographer
Nain Singh Rawat, C.I.E., first person to survey Tibet
Dalip Kumar Upreti, lichenologist
Khadg Singh Valdiya, geologist and environmentalist
Journalism and literature
Uma Bhatt
Namita Gokhale
Manohar Shyam Joshi
Manoj Joshi
Prasoon Joshi, lyricist, poet, advertiser; chief executive offer and chairman of McCann World group India
Shekhar Joshi
Shailesh Matiyani
Mrinal Pande
Gaura Pant, who wrote under the name Shivani
Pushpesh Pant, Indian historian and food critic
Sumitranandan Pant
Shekhar Pathak, historian
Girish Tiwari, also known as Girda
Namrata Joshi, Journalist
Music
Dev Negi, Bollywood Playback Singer
Pawandeep Rajan, Indian Idol 2020, Season 12 winner
B. K. Samant, folk singer
Mohan Upreti, folk singer, composer of the classic Kumaoni song Bedu Pako Baromasa
Naima Khan Upreti
Sports
Chandraprabha Aitwal, Padma Shri, Arjun awardee, (mountaineer) (Climbed all major peaks in the world) Rung Ratna Awardee. Tenzing Norgay Lifetime Achievement Award.
Kavinder Bisht, boxer
Madhumita Bisht, badminton
Ekta Bisht, cricketer
Unmukt Chand, cricketer
Rohit Danu, footballer
Deepak Dhapola, cricketer
Lakshya Sen, badminton
MS Dhoni, cricketer (former captain of Indian cricket team, born to Kumaoni parents)
Kamlesh Nagarkoti, cricketer
Mir Ranjan Negi, hockey player
Pawan Negi, cricketer
Manish Pandey, cricketer
Rishabh Pant, cricketer
Harish Chandra Singh Rawat, 1965 Everester, Padma Shree recipient (1965)
Anirudh Thapa football
Films and theatre
Sapna Awasthi, Bollywood playback singer
Nidhi Bisht, casting director
Gopal Datt, actor and writer
Prasoon Joshi, advertisement guru and lyricist
Sukirti Kandpal, television actress
Vinod Kapri, filmmaker
Dev Negi, singer
Hemant Pandey, actor
Nitesh Pandey, actor
Nirmal Pandey, actor
Sudhir Pandey, actor
Diksha Panth, Indian film actress
Disha Patani, actress
Sunita Rajwar, film, television and stage actress who graduated from the National School of Drama
B. M. Shah, Sangeet Natak Akademi Award winner
Mohan Upreti, dramatist
Naima Khan Upreti, dramatist
Humanitarian
Dan Singh Bisht, billionaire, philanthropist
Lakshman Singh Jangpangi, former trade agent
Deep Joshi, social activist, recipient of Padma Shri.
Vinayak Lohani, National Award for Child Welfare 2011
Lalit Pande, social worker, Padma Shri recipient
Kamla Pant, social activist
Ridhima Pandey, activist for action against climate change
Business
Ranjan Pant, chief executive officer, advisor, global strategy management consultant and a change management expert
Dan Singh Bisht, billionaire, philanthropist
Muktesh Pant, former chief executive officer of Yum China.
Spiritual Leaders
Baba Hari Dass, yoga master, silent monk, and commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha
Satyananda Saraswati, Sannyasin, yoga teacher and guru
References
Kumaon division
People from Almora
People from Bageshwar
People from Nainital
People from Pithoragarh
Lists of people from Uttarakhand
People from Haldwani
Kumaonis |
44501940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Boca%20Juniors | History of Boca Juniors | Origins of Argentine sports club Boca Juniors can be traced to the early 1900s, when a group of Italian immigrants decided to establish a football club in Buenos Aires. They were descendants from the first Italian (most of them from the city of Genoa) that had set in La Boca during the late 19th century. Because of that, the nickname Xeneizes is a derivative form of "Genoveses" (in Spanish, it refers to people from Genoa).
During the first years of its existence, the club developed a strong rivalry with then neighbor team River Plate, that would continue through the years, despite River Plate soon left La Boca to establish itself in Belgrano. In the 20th century, Boca consolidated as one of the most popular and successful clubs in Argentina, giving its first step in 1913 when the team promoted to Primera División.
Although Boca Juniors won its first official title in 1919 (the Primera División championship), the first milestone in the history of the club came in 1925 with the successful tour to Europe, where Boca Juniors played 19 matches winning 15 of them. That tour was not the first time an Argentine team played abroad but also helped Boca increase considerably its number of fans along Argentina. Besides, the term player number 12 was used for the first time during that tour.
Before La Bombonera was opened in 1940, Boca Juniors played its home venues at many locations, with its first field located in Dársena Sud (south of current Puerto Madero neighborhood). Other locations include fields in Isla Demarchi, and Wilde in Avellaneda Partido. The first stadium in La Boca was at Ministro Brin and Senguel streets which lasted until 1924 when the club moved to Brandsen and Del Crucero.
Although football was the main interest of the club (and the sport which the club is mostly renowned for) at the moment of having been founded, Boca Juniors also added other sports, most notably basketball (which team has won several titles since the section was created in 1929), and volleyball. In football, Boca Juniors is considered one of the "Big Five" since 1937 when the Argentine Football Association (AFA) arranged a system of proportional representation for the affiliated clubs.
Italian immigration to Argentina
By 1905, Buenos Aires was a city of only 900,000 inhabitants. A significant part of them were Italian immigrants, that had arrived en masse from 1870 to 1920 with a peak between 1900 and 1915. The majority of them established in the Buenos Aires Province, working in a large range of occupations such as agriculture, craft, commerce, among others.
By 1914 the 50% of the immigrants who came to Argentina were Italian.
Italian immigrants living in La Boca tried to keep their customs and social practices. The "cantinas" were the places where they used to meet and dance the typical Italian rhythms. The dishes were also brought from their country of origin, such as pizza and pasta.
Italian influence is still visible in Argentina, with Lunfardo, the jargon enshrined in tango lyrics, laden with Italianisms, often also found in the mainstream colloquial dialect (Rioplatense Spanish). Common dishes with Italian names and origins (milanesa, fainá, polenta, pascualina) were adopted by Argentina and nowadays they are recognizable dishes of the local gastronomy.
Foundation
On April 1, 1905, a group of boys that had been part of a football team, "Independencia Sud", met in a bench of Plaza Solís of La Boca with the purpose of establishing a team. They were Esteban Baglietto, Santiago Scarpatti, Santiago Sana, and brothers Juan and Teodoro Farenga. As they didn't reach an agreement, a new meeting was called for the next day. In a new meeting on April 3, they finally agreed and the first committee was established, with Baglietto as president. After several names were proposed, "Boca" (for the neighborhood) was chosen, adding "Juniors" to it after a suggestion by Sana, to highlight to name. The use of English language in football team names was commonplace, as British railway workers had originally introduced football into Argentina.
Plaza Solís, seat of the first meeting, is recognized today as the place where Boca Juniors was established.
Baglietto, Sana and Scarpatti had received football lessons by Patrick "Paddy" McCarthy an Irish footballer and boxer who came to Argentina in 1900 and taught football techniques to immigrants' children, as an appointed member of the sports municipal committee in Buenos Aires.
Other important founders members include Arturo Penney, Marcelino Vergara, Luis Cerezo, Adolfo Taggio, Giovanelli, Donato Abbatángelo, Bertolini.
Early years
The first field of the club was placed on the square block formed by Pedro de Mendoza, Colorado (A. Caffarena today), Sengüel (B. Pérez Galdós) and Gaboto streets in "Dársena Sud", while the headquarters located on Pinzón street (then moved to Suárez street). On April 21, 1905, Boca Juniors played its first match, beating Mariano Moreno 4–0, with goals scored by Juan Farenga (2), José Farenga and Sana. The starting line-up was: Esteban Baglietto (founder and president); José Farenga (founder and treasurer), Santiago Sana, Vicente Oñate, Guillermo Tyler, Luis De Harenne, Alfredo Scarpatti (secretary), Pedro Moltedo (captain), Amadeo Gelsi (vice-president), Alberto Tallent and Juan Farenga (founder). In that match, the team wore a white shirt with black stripes, hand-stitched by Manuela, sister of the Farenga. That shirt was worn in several matches until it was replaced by a light blue one. Nevertheless, some versions state that the first jersey was pink and was worn only for the first two games, although there are no any solid evidence that can prove this.
In August 1905, Boca registered to play in Copa Villalobos, where the team made a poor performance losing most of games. One of its rivals was Club Atlético Independiente. After the frustrating experience in Villalobos, Boca Juniors registered to another ligue, "Liga Central" in 1906, where the team would win its first title, being awarded the "Copa Reformista Trophy". Boca played 18 matches, winning 15 and remaining unbeaten.
In 1907 the club played two matches in Liga Central before switching to "Asociación Porteña de Foot-Ball". Some sources state that Boca wore the blue and gold colors for the first time on August 4, v General Arenales (Boca won 1–0). Those colors came after a suggestion from former club's president (and port worker) Juan Brichetto, taking the colors of the flag of the first ship he allowed to cross on the following morning. As the first ship that crossed the bridge was Swedish, Boca Juniors took those colors. It is believed that it was the 4146-ton freighter "Drottning Sophia", a Swedish vessel sailing from Copenhagen, although other historians say that the Drottning Sophia did not arrive in Buenos Aires in 1907 but in 1905. The ship that gave it colors to Boca Juniors would have probably been the Oskar II of Nordstjernan/Johnson Line, arriving to the port on February 5, 1907. The first design with those colors was blue with a diagonal gold sash.
In Asociación Porteña, Boca reached the final v Araneles, losing the playoff 1–0 after the first match (won by Boca 4–1) was annulled and the second ended in a 3–3 tie. In September, Boca registered in Liga Albión, where one of its rivals was Santa Rosa (predecessor of then arch-rival River Plate). That year, Boca played its first international match, v Uruguayan club Universal from Montevideo, on December 8, 1907. Universal won 1–0.
Boca Juniors played the 1907 Copa Albión final v San Telmo in 1908, winning 4–1 and therefore achieving its second title, being awarded the "Copa Barone Trophy".
AFA affiliation
In 1908 Boca Juniors affiliated to the Argentine Football Association to play in Segunda División, the second division of Argentine football by then. Boca Juniors' debut in official tournaments was on May 3, 1908, when the squad defeated Belgrano A.C. II by 3–1 in the stadium of Virrey del Pino and Superí of Belgrano neighborhood. Boca Juniors starting line-up for that historic match was: Juan de los Santos; Marcelino Vergara, Luis Cerezo; Guillermo Ryan, Alberto Penney, Juan Priano; Arturo Penney, Manuel Eloiso, Rafael Pratt, Pedro Moltedo, José María Farenga. Goals were scored by Pratt (2) and Eloiso. The squad finished in first place (among eight teams) and qualified for the next stage, the semifinal, where Boca was beat by Racing Club 1–0.
On August 2, the first Superclásico (friendly) was played, with Boca winning 2–1. Nevertheless, some sources state that there were previous matches between both clubs. That same year Boca Juniors played its first Copa Bullrich, a competition contested by Segunda División clubs. Boca was eliminated by Atlanta (then champion) in the second stage after being beat 5–0.
In 1909 Boca made a poor campaign, finishing 3rd in its zone. Gimnasia y Esgrima de Buenos Aires promoted to Primera División. In 1910 Boca Juniors made a good campaign winning 15 matches with only 3 losses. Boca played another semifinal against Racing Club but it lost 2–1 (at GEBA) and could not promote to the first division.
In 1911, División Intermedia is created as the second level of Argentine football, with Boca Juniors as one of its teams. The club made a poor campaign with only 7 wins and 8 loses, almost being relegated. Pedro Calomino (who became the first idol in the history of the club) debuted during this competition.
Boca left its field in 1912 to move to Costanera Sur, where the Naval Observatory is located nowadays. As a result of the first schism in the Association, dissident body Federación Argentina de Football is established, causing that only a few clubs remained to play a championship. Boca would be promoted to the first Division –among other teams– the next year.
The coming to Primera División and "Superclásico"
In 1913 Boca earned the promotion to Primera División that the team had wanted for many years. This was possible when the Asociación Argentina de Fútbol decided to increase the number of teams in the league from 6 to 15. The other teams that went to Primera were Ferro Carril Oeste, Platense, Banfield, Olivos, Comercio, Ferrocarril Sud and Riachuelo.
Boca Juniors finished 5th. at its first season in Primera División, playing a total of 14 matches. The team won 8, lost 4 and drew 2, scoring 29 goals and conceding 16. The next season Boca Juniors finished 3rd. of 13 teams. The 1915 championship the team decreased its performance dramatically, finishing 14th. of 25, also suffering thrashing defeats at the hands of Racing Club (0–6) and San Isidro, the two best teams of the tournament. The defeat to San Isidro remains as the worst defeat ever in official matches.
The first official match between Boca Juniors and arch-rival River Plate, known as Superclásico, was played in the 1913 Primera División championship at Racing Club stadium, being won by River Plate by 2–1. Boca had previously played against River in other unofficial matches, but the exact dates are still under dispute. The most extended version affirms that the first Superclásico ever was played on August 2, 1908, with Boca Juniors being the winner by 2–1, although there are no documents that support the information. Other version state that the first recorded match was played in 1912.
First titles and success
In 1919, the Association expelled 7 clubs (while other 6 disaffiliated from the body to form Asociación Amateurs de Football), annulling the championship in progress and organised another competition with only 6 teams, Boca Juniors among them.
Boca Juniors won its first title ever (the 1919 Primera División championship). The team won all the matches played, scoring 29 goals and only conceding 5. The starting line-up for the last round was: Tesoriere; Cortella, Ortega; López, Busso, Elli; Calomino, Bozzo, Garasini, Martín, Miranda. It was played at Boca Juniors stadium, where Boca beat Sp. Almagro 4–0 (Martín and Miranda, two goals each).
That same year Boca won three titles else, national cups Copa de Competencia Jockey Club and Copa Ibarguren (both vs. the same rival and score: Rosario Central, 1–0) and the last edition of international Tie Cup (defeating Uruguayan team Nacional 2–0 at Estadio Sportivo Barracas (goals by Miranda and Bozzo). Because of those achievements, 1919 remains as the most successful season in club's history, having won 4 titles (1 league, 2 domestic cups and 1 international).
The 1920 decade was also one of the most successful for the club, winning 9 titles. The second (and consecutive) league title in 1920, when in round 18th. Boca thrashed Nueva Chicago 7–0 on December 19. Boca played a total of 24 games with 20 won and only 1 loss.
In 1923 Boca won its third Primera División title, in a championship where 4 matches had to be played to decide which team (Boca or Huracán) would be the champion, so Boca won the first game but was defeated in the 2nd leg; the 3rd match finished in a tie, therefore, a 4th game had to be played (at Estadio Sportivo Barracas stadium, on 27 April 1924), finally won by Boca 2–0 thus winning the title. Both goals were scored by Garasini. The line-up was: Tesoriere; Bidoglio, Muttis; Médici, Busso, Elli; Calomino, Cerrotti, Garasini, Pozzo, Pertini. In 1923, Boca also won the 1920 edition of Copa de Honor Cousenier to Universal FC 2–0 in Montevideo, becoming the first title won outside Argentina. Line up was: Tesoriere; Bidoglio, Muttis; Médici, Busso, Elli; Calomino, Cerrotti, Tarasconi, Pertini, Filiberti (goals by Pertini and Tarasconi).
Also in 1923 Boca also won its second Copa Ibarguren after defeating Rosario Central (the same team that Boca had beaten in 1919) 1–0 at Sportivo Barracas. The line-up was: Tesoriere; Bidoglio, Muttis; Médici, Coverto, Elli; Calomino, Cerrotti, Tarasconi, Pozzo, Pertini.
Boca was the unbeaten champion of the 1924 season, winning 18 matches out of 19. The team finished with a total of 67 goals scored (an average of 3.52 per game) and only conceded 8. That same year Boca Juniors won its third Copa Dr. Ibarguren after thrashing Rosario Central by 5–1 at Chacarita Juniors stadium.
European tour: "Champion of Honour"
In 1925 Boca made its first trip to Europe to play at Spain, Germany and France. The squad played a total of 19 games, winning 15 of them. Some of the rivals defeated were Real Madrid, Celta de Vigo and Deportivo La Coruña. On 28 June 1926, in a meeting held at the Association Argentina de Football, Boca Juniors was declared "Campeón de Honor" (Champion of Honour) of 1925 season, and each member of the team received a commemorative medal. The players were: Tesoriere, Bidoglio, Muttis, Tarasconi, Busso, Elli, Médici, Garasini, Antraygues, Cerroti, Pertini and Posso.
After the successful tour of Europe, Boca Juniors returned to the local competitions, winning its 5th. Primera División championship in 1926, having finished unbeaten (same as 1924 season) after 17 games played. Boca Juniors and Independiente were to play-off for the unified title following the unification of the two leagues (Asociación Argentina de Football and Asociación Amateurs de Football), but after their match (played on 20 February 1927) was halted due to a spectator invasion, and a replay on 3 March 1927, finished 0–0, no further match was played due to the start of the new season. Boca not only won the league championship but another edition of the Copa de Competencia Jockey Club, defeating Argentinos Juniors in the second match after the first game had finished drawn.
In 1926 Boca Juniors won another national cup, the Copa Estímulo (played while the Argentina national football team played at the South American championship) defeating Sportivo Balcarce by 3–0 at the final.
Boca Juniors finished the 1920s being one of the most successful teams of the decade, winning 4 league titles and 4 national cups during that period.
The 1930s
After losing at the hands of San Lorenzo de Almagro the 1929 championship, Boca would win its 6th. title in 1930, when the squad defeated Atlanta by 4–1, just two fixtures before the end of the season. The line-up that attended the match was: Mena, Bidoglio, Muttis; Moreyras, Pedemonte, Arico Suárez; Penella, Kuko, Tarasconi, Cherro, Alberino.
With the introduction of professional football in Argentina, Boca won its 7th. league championship in 1931, defeating its main rival, River Plate by 3–0 in the last fixture. Boca scored 50 points, with a total of 22 victories, 6 draws and 6 losses. The line-up that reached the title in the 34th. fixture was: Fossatti; Muttis; Evaristo, Silenzi, Arico Suárez; Nardini, Tarasconi, Varallo, Cherro, Alberino.
In 1934 Boca won another title, although the team lost 7 matches and conceded 62 goals. Boca crowned in the round 38, when the team defeated Platense by 5–1. The key was in the power of the forwards, who scored 101 goals. Boca Juniors became the first team which scored more than 100 goals in the league. The line-up in the match vs. Platense was: Yustrich; Alves do Río, Bibí, Vernieres, Lazzatti, Arico Suárez; Zatelli, Benítez Cáceres, Varallo, Cherro, Cusatti.
When winning the 1935 season, Boca became the first successive champion of the professional era. The team also scored 100 goals and only conceded 29. Boca Juniors crowned champion in the 33rdh round, after defeating Tigre by 3–0. The line-up for that match was: Yustrich; Domingos, Valussi; Vernieres, Lazzatti, Arico Suárez; Tenorio, Benítez Cáceres, Varallo, Cherro, Garibaldi.
During the decade of the 1930s, some footballers such as Juan Yustrich (nicknamed El Pez Volador -The Flying Fish), Pedro Arico Suárez, Delfín Benítez Cáceres, Domingo Tarasconi, Roberto Cherro and Francisco Varallo were not only big stars but Boca Juniors great idols.
The 1940s
During this period, Boca won three league championships in the 1940s, the same as the previous decade. The first title was obtained in 1940, the same year that La Bombonera was inaugurated. The key match was against Independiente, which Boca won 5–2 therefore crowning champion. The line-up was: Estrada; Ibáñez, Marante; A. López, Lazzatti, Arico Suárez; Sas, Carniglia, Sarlanga, Gandulla, Emeal. Boca won 24 games, drew 7 and lost 3. That same year Boca Juniors won the Copa Ibarguren (the 4th. for the club) after thrashing Rosario Central by 5–1 at Chacarita Juniors stadium. The line-up for that match was: Vacca; Ibáñez, Marante; A. López, Lazzatti, Arico Suárez; Gelpi, Carniglia, Sarlanga, Gandulla, Rossell.
In 1944 Boca would be (for the second time in its history) successive champion, when the squad defeated Racing by 3–0 in the last fixture. The game was played in River Plate stadium (because the Bombonera had been temporarily closed due to hooliganism incidents). Over 19 games Boca Juniors won 19, with 8 draws and 3 losses. The line-up for that match vs. Racing is still remembered as one of the greatest Boca all-time teams: Vacca; Marante, Valussi; Sosa, Lazzatti, Pescia; Boyé, Corcuera, Sarlanga, S. Varela, Sánchez. During that season, Boca also remained unbeated for 26 consecutive matches, which was a record in the professional era until Racing broke this landmark when playing 39 matches without being defeated in 1966.
In 1944 Boca Juniors also won its 5th. Copa Ibarguren, when the squad beat the Tucumán combined by 3–0. The line-up was: Vacca; Melogno, De Zorzi; Sosa, Lazzatti, Pescia; Boyé, Corcuera, Sarlanga, Ricagni, Rodríguez.
Boca Juniors won other National cup in 1946, the Copa de Competencia Británica, when the squad defeated San Lorenzo by 3–1, playing again at River Plate stadium.
On the other hand, Boca was near to being relegated to Segunda División in 1949 but could keep its place in Primera with a large victory over Lanús in the last fixture. It was the first time that Boca finished last in any Primera División season.
The 1950s and the Glorious 1960s
In 1954 Boca won its first title after nine unsuccessful years. The key match was against Huracán, which Boca won 3–1 obtaining the championship. The top scorer was José "Pepino" Borello (19 goals). Another outstanding player was Julio Musimessi, nicknamed "El arquero cantor" ("The singer goalkeeper").
Boca finished 8th in 1959 although the team won the two "Superclásicos" (5–1 and 3–2 after being behind 2–0).
On 9 December 1962, Boca won a legendary match defeating River Plate 1–0, with the highlight being goalkeeper Antonio Roma stopping a penalty shot by Delem when only 6 minutes were left till the end of the match. Boca finally won its first title of the decade in the next fixture with a great victory (4–0) over Estudiantes de La Plata, becoming new champion. During the 1960s, Boca Juniors won 5 championships.
The following title obtained was in 1964, with Antonio Roma not conceding a goal for 742 minutes, and conceding only one goal in 14 matches. In 1965 Boca became successive champions for the 3rd time in the professional era. The key matches were the victory over River Plate (2–1) and Atlanta in the last fixture.
In the 1968 Metropolitano championship during a Superclásico that ended 0–0, seventy-one Boca Juniors supporters died after being squashed against an exit door at River Plate Stadium, which remained closed at the moment of the fans left the stadium. This is still remembered as The Tragedy of the Door No. 12 (La Tragedia de la Puerta 12).
In 1969 an official tournament named Copa Argentina was disputed. Teams included were those playing the Metropolitano and others outside Buenos Aires. Boca Juniors proclaimed champion after defeating Atlanta by goal average (the matches ended 3–1 and 0–1). Boca Juniors played a total of 10 matches, winning 7, with 1 draw and only 1 loss.
During the same year, Boca played its last match of the Nacional championship visiting River Plate at the Monumental. The match ended 2–2 (Norberto Madurga scored twice) proclaiming Boca as the new champion. The Xeneizes totalized 29 points, winning 13, with 3 draws and only 1 defeat and were coached by Alfredo Di Stéfano.
1970s: the second "Golden Age"
In 1970 Boca won another title defeating Rosario Central in the final match of the Nacional tournament. In 1976 Juan Carlos Lorenzo arrived at the club. He would become one of the most successful coaches in the history of Boca Juniors, winning 5 official titles within 3 years. First of them was the 1976 Metropolitano, which Boca obtained after defeating Unión de Santa Fe by 2–0, one round before the end of the tournament.
The following tournament (1976 Nacional) Boca played a historic final match against arch-rival River Plate, winning 1–0 through a direct free kick goal scored by Rubén Suñé. Boca Juniors line-up was Gatti; Pernía, Sá, Mouzo, Tarantini; Ribolzi, Suñé, Veglio; Mastrángelo, Taverna, Felman (Zanabria). It was the only final played by both Superclásico teams up to present days.
That championship qualified Boca Juniors to play the 1977 Copa Libertadores, having reached the final match against Cruzeiro. After a victory 1–0 in Buenos Aires and a defeat in Belo Horizonte by the same score, it was necessary to play a third game, held in Estadio Centenario in Montevideo where Boca finally obtained the Libertadores for the first time, after a dramatic penalty shoot-out where Hugo Gatti stopped the last shot by Brazilian player Vanderley after the match ended 0–0. Starting line up was: Gatti, Pernía, Tesare, Mouzo, Tarantini; Benítez, Suñé (Ribolzi), Zanabria; Mastrángelo, Veglio, Felman.
The next title (and the most important of the decade) won by Boca Juniors was the 1977 edition of the Intercontinental Cup vs. German club Borussia Mönchengladbach (played one year later). The first leg played in Buenos Aires in March 1979 ended 2–2 (goals: Mastrángelo and Ribolzi) but Boca won the second game (played more than four months later, on August 1 in Karlsruhe) 3–0 and brought the trophy back to Argentina. The starting line-up in Germany was Santos; Pernía, Sá, Mouzo, Bordón; Benítez, Suñé, Zanabria; Mastrángelo, Pavón, Salinas. Goals were scored by Felman, Mastrángelo and Salinas.
To close a second part of the decade plenty of achievements, Boca Juniors won its second Copa Libertadores in 1978, after defeating Deportivo Cali (coached by Carlos Bilardo) 4–0 in La Bombonera on 28 November (the first match played in Colombia had finished 0–0). With goals by Perotti (2), Mastrángelo and Salinas, Boca Juniors' line-up was: Gatti, Pernía, Sá, Mouzo, Bordón; Benítez (Veglio), Suñé, Zanabria; Mastrángelo, Salinas, Perotti.
1980s: The Maradona revolution and few titles
After a campaign in 1980 where the team was managed by club legend Antonio Rattín, the highlight of the 1980s was the acquisition of prodigious Diego Maradona, who came to the club along with Miguel Brindisi, Osvaldo Escudero, and Marcelo Trobbiani, while another club legend, Silvio Marzolini, was appointed as coach. Boca won its first title of the decade, the 1981 Metropolitano championship after a 1–1 draw v. Racing in the round 17th. The Xeneizes totalized 50 points, with 20 wins, 10 draws and 4 losses. The starting line-up v Racing was: Gatti; Suárez, Mouzo, Ruggeri, Córdoba; Benítez, Passucci, Brindisi; Estudero (Trobbiani), Maradona, Perotti. Maradona and Brindisi were highly regarded as the most notable players of the squad.
The following year, Boca lost the young Maradona, who moved to Europe to play for FC Barcelona, owing also to Argentina's political problems. In 1984 Boca was near to a financial collapse, almost going bankrupt. The same year the team suffered a catastrophic defeat at the hands of FC Barcelona, losing 1–9 in friendly competition Joan Gamper Trophy. After the departure of Marzolini in 1981, Boca Juniors hired several head coaches although the squad could not win any title until 1989. The list of managers includes Vladislao Cap, Carmelo Faraone, Raúl Rodríguez Seoane, Ernesto Grillo, Miguel Ángel López, Dino Sani, Mario Zanabria, Alfredo Di Stéfano, César Luis Menotti, Roberto Saporiti, Juan Carlos Lorenzo (in his second tenure on the club) and José Omar Pastoriza.
In 1985, Antonio Alegre and Carlos Heller were elected president and vice-president, respectively. Under their command, Boca settled 153 lawsuits early in his tenure by mortgaging his business assets for US$250,000, and by lending Boca Juniors US$800,000. These and other measures enabled them to recover the club's finances. Boca also sold the land acquired earlier for US$21 million.
The club's improved finances led to its revival, and Boca emerged victorious in a number of coveted tournaments in subsequent years, being the 1989 Supercopa Libertadores the last title of the decade, beating Independiente by penalty shoot-out after both legs ended 0–0. The team, managed by Carlos Aimar, achieve its first international honour since the 1978 Copa Libertadores. Ths starting line-up for the second leg was: Navarro Montoya; Stafuza, Simón, Marchesini, Cuciuffo; Giunta, Marangoni, J.D. Ponce, Latorre; Graciani (Pico), Perazzo (S. Berti).
Early 1990s
The number of international titles won increased during the first part of the decade, with Boca Juniors winning the 1990 Recopa Sudamericana, the 1992 Copa Master de Supercopa and the 1993 Copa de Oro (named "Nicolás Leoz"). At the domestic level, the squad won the celebrated 1992 Apertura, after eleven years without league titles and managed by Uruguayan Óscar Tabárez, who had arrived to the club in 1991. Some of the most notable players of the late 1980s–early 1990s were Carlos Navarro Montoya (ranked 5th among the footballers who played the most matches with the club), Diego Latorre, Gabriel Batistuta, Juan Simón, Carlos Mac Allister, Carlos Tapia, Blas Giunta, Claudio Marangoni, Sergio Martínez, Alberto Márcico, Roberto Cabañas.
In 1995, entrepreneur Mauricio Macri was elected as president of the club. One of his first actions was to refurbish La Bombonera, demolishing the old boxes to build new ones. The club also built a basketball, venue, Estadio Luis Conde (known as La Bombonerita) with a capacity of 2,000 spectators, inaugurated in 1996. Macri also created an investment fund for the purchase of football players. Macri also hired Jorge Griffa to manage the youth divisions of the club with the purpose of promoting new talents from Boca Juniors instead buying players from other clubs.
The first manager under Macri's presidency was former Argentina national team coach, Carlos Bilardo. His tenure lasted only one year, with no titles won despite the large number of players acquired, including Diego Maradona –who had returned to the club– Claudio Caniggia, Juan Verón, Kily González, Fernando Gamboa and Néstor Fabbri. Bilardo resigned after Boca Juniors finished 10th. in the 1996–97 season. Bilardo's successor was Héctor Veira, but he could not win any title with a team that had its best performance in the 1997 Apertura, finishing runner-up.
The Bianchi era: another Golden Age
Former Vélez Sársfield coach Carlos Bianchi arrived at the club in 1998 and under his command, the squad would achieve multiple local and international titles, breaking the record obtained with Juan Carlos Lorenzo in the 1970s. With Carlos Bianchi as coach, Boca won 9 titles.
The first title obtained was the 1998 Apertura, which Boca won being undefeated for the first time. Martín Palermo was the top scorer with 20 goals in 19 matches played. Boca later won a new championship in the 1999 Clausura becoming successive champions. The team remained undefeated in 40 matches, breaking the record of 39 matches achieved by Racing Club in the 1960s. This mark is still a record in the professional era of Argentine football.
The year 2000 was the most successful for Boca Juniors. The team won the Copa Libertadores after 22 years without winning that trophy, defeating Palmeiras in the finals by penalty-shots after two matches ended in a draw (2–2 and 0–0). Goalkeeper Oscar Córdoba was the most notable player of the final played in São Paulo. As the new South America champion, Boca went to Tokyo to play the 2000 Intercontinental Cup against Real Madrid, defeating the Merengue team 2–1 (goals by Palermo). The same year Boca won another local title, the Torneo Apertura, totaling 3 titles in 2000.
In 2001 Boca were Copa Libertadores champion again, defeating Cruz Azul in a penalty shootout. Boca won 1–0 the first final match in Mexico and lost the second game in La Bombonera by the same score. Oscar Córdoba was the most notable player again.
Bianchi left the club in 2002 due to a conflict with the chairman Mauricio Macri, so Oscar Tabárez was chosen as his replacement beginning his second run as team's coach. Nevertheless, Bianchi would return the following year to take care of the team again. In 2003, Boca obtained a new title winning the Copa Libertadores for the 3rd time in 4 years. The most notable player of that tournament was Carlos Tevez while Marcelo Delgado was the top scorer with 9 goals. In the finals played against Santos FC, Boca won 2–0 in Buenos Aires and 3–1 in São Paulo. Boca Juniors completed another successful year winning the 2003 Intercontinental Cup against AC Milan by penalty-shot after a 1–1 draw. Matías Donnet, who tied the game in the 29th minute, was named the Man of the Match.
Boca reached another Copa Libertadores final in 2004, but lost to Once Caldas from Manizales, Colombia in PK's. Once the Cup was over, Bianchi resigned, finishing one of the most successful periods in the club history.
Basile's multi-champion
After Bianchi's departure from the club, Miguel Brindisi (who had played for the club in the 1980s) was chosen as coach but he soon resigned at the end of the 2004 Apertura, when Boca finished 8th. The successor of Brindisi was Jorge Chino Benítez, another player for Boca in the 1970s and 1980s. Under his coaching, Boca won the 2004 Copa Sudamericana defeating Club Bolívar in the finals.
In 2005 (the year of Boca's 100th anniversary) the Xeneize contested another edition of the Copa Libertadores, being eliminated by Chivas de Guadalajara. In that match, Benítez spat at the Chiva's player Adolfo Bautista, causing a melee which resulted in the referee abandoning the match. Due to this act, Benítez was immediately dismissed by the club. After Benítez's dismissal, Boca hired Alfio Basile as its coach.
With Basile as the coach, Boca won the Recopa Sudamericana (2005 edition), defeating Once Caldas, and the 2005 Copa Sudamericana, where the Xeneize won over Pumas from México by penalty-shots after two draws. Roberto Abbondanzieri was the MVP, stopping two shots and converting the decisive penalty kick. Boca would win two titles more: the 2005 Apertura and 2006 Clausura becoming the successive champion of Argentine football. The squad also obtained the 2006 Recopa Sudamericana over São Paulo.
After the elimination of the Argentina national football team in the 2006 World Cup, Basile was called by the National Association to take over and left the club under a successful run. Under the coaching of Basile, Boca Juniors won five titles within two years (2005–06).
More international success
Ricardo Lavolpe was chosen to be the coach succeeding Basile. In the 2006 Apertura the team made a good campaign but at the end of the season finished with the same number of points as Estudiantes de La Plata, so both teams had to play a match in order to proclaim a new champion. Estudiantes defeated Boca 2–1 in Vélez Sársfield stadium and Lavolpe resigned as the coach.
The next coach was Miguel Ángel Russo and Juan Román Riquelme returned to the club. Boca Juniors won the 2007 Copa Libertadores defeating Brazilian team Gremio in the finals (3–0 in Buenos Aires and 2–0 in Porto Alegre). Riquelme (who scored 8 goals) was considered to be the best player of the tournament by journalists and fans. As the South American champion, Boca went to Tokyo to dispute the FIFA Club World Cup but was defeated by Italian AC Milan by 4–2.
Carlos Ischia was appointed as coach after Russo's departure. Under his coaching, the club won the 2008 Recopa Sudamericana (against Arsenal de Sarandí). On the other hand, Boca was eliminated by Fluminense (which would be the runner up) in the 2008 Copa Libertadores semi-finals. At the end of that year Boca obtained a new title, the 2008 Apertura. That season ended with Boca, San Lorenzo and Tigre in equal 1st position so a play-off tournament had to be contested among those 3 teams in order to proclaim a new champion. Boca won that tournament and became new Argentine champion. That same season Boca's arch-rival River Plate finished the last for the first time in its history.
Boca finished 14th (over 19 teams) in the 2009 Clausura and Ischia was dismissed by the club (although the managers said he had resigned) and Basile was called to start his second run as coach. Nevertheless, after finishing 11th in the 2009 Apertura, Basile left the club.
2010s: local success continues
For the 2010 Clausura the team was coached firstly by Abel Alves and then by Roberto Pompei, who were working with the youth teams when they were appointed to coach the first division team. Boca finished 16th so the club decided to hire Claudio Borghi (who had won a title coaching Argentinos Juniors the last season) as team's new coach, but he left the club after 14 matches, due to the bad results obtained. Roberto Pompei was designated to be the coach until the end of the Apertura. Boca finished in 12th position.
In January 2011, Boca hired Julio Falcioni who had won a title coaching Banfield in 2009. The team did not have a good campaign in the Clausura, although Boca won the Superclásico (the last played before River was relegated to the second division) finishing 7th. In the last fixture (when Boca played against Gimnasia y Esgrima de La Plata) Martín Palermo, the all-time top scorer, retired.
For the 2011 Apertura, Boca acquired goalkeeper Agustín Orión and veteran centre back Rolando Schiavi, who returned after his tenure at Newell's Old Boys. After three years without any achievements, Boca won its 30th. league title when the squad defeated Banfield by 3–0 on round 17. The line-up was Orion; Roncaglia, Schiavi, Insaurralde, Clemente Rodríguez; Rivero, Somoza, Erviti; Chávez; Mouche, Cvitanich. Boca Juniors completed the tournament remaining unbeaten, with 12 wins and 7 draws. The team also conceded the fewest goals (only 6 in 19 matches disputed) which set a record for short tournaments in Argentina (after Clausura and Apertura championships were established in 1991). That same season, Boca also won the second edition of the relaunched Copa Argentina, after beating Racing Club at the final. Some changes in the line-up were goalkeeper Ustari, defender Caruzzo and forwards Viatri and Silva.
In 2012, Boca reached the final of Copa Libertadores, five years after having won the 2007 final, but the squad lost to Brazilian Corinthians by 3–1 on aggregate. On the knockout stages, the squad had previously eliminated Unión Española, Fluminense and Universidad de Chile.
In 2013, it was confirmed that Carlos Bianchi, the most successful coach in Boca Juniors' history, would return to take care of the team again. On August 28, 2014, after 74 matches with only 45 percent effectiveness (26 wins and losses), having conceded 88 and scored 79 goals and without any championships, Bianchi was dismissed by the club.
After dismissing Bianchi, former player Rodolfo Arruabarrena was hired as manager of the club. With Arruabarrena as coach, Boca Juniors qualified to the semifinals of 2014 Copa Sudamericana but it was defeated by River Plate (0–1 on aggregate). The next year, Boca Juniors was disqualified from the 2015 Copa Libertadores by CONMEBOL following the incidents that occurred during the match against River Plate at La Bombonera. The sentence came after four River Plate players, Leonardo Ponzio, Leonel Vangioni, Ramiro Funes Mori and Matías Kranevitter suffered a "chemical kerititis", an inflammation of the cornea, as a result of the exposure to chemicals during the second leg match against Boca at La Bombonera. Prior to those incidents, Boca Juniors had won all the games at group stage finishing with 18 points and only 2 goals conceded in 6 games played.
After the frustration at Copa Libertadores, Boca would win its 31st league title, the 2015 Primera División on November 1, when the team defeated Tigre in the penultimate fixture of the championship with a goal scored by Fabián Monzón. The line-up for that match was Orión; Peruzzi, Tobio, Rolín, Monzón; Pablo Pérez (Bentancur), Cubas, Meli, Lodeiro (Colazo); Tévez, Calleri (Chávez). Tevez (who had left Juventus to join Boca Juniors at the beginning of that year) was the keyplayer of the team. Only three days after winning the Primera División title, Boca Juniors won the 2014–15 Copa Argentina beating Rosario Central by 2–0 (goals by Lodeiro and Chávez) in a match played at Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes of Córdoba. The match became controversial due to referee Gustavo Ceballos disallowed a Rosario Central goal and awarded Boca Juniors a penalty kick after the foul was committed outside the penalty area. The starting line-up v Rosario Central was: Orión; Peruzzi, Tobio, D. Díaz, Monzón; Meli, Erbes, P. Pérez (Bentancur), Lodeiro (Rolín); Calleri (Chávez), Tévez.
The Barros Schelotto era
On February 29, 2016, Arruabarrena was dismissed as Boca Juniors manager. Under his coaching, the squad won two titles in 75 games, winning 47, drawing 13 and losing 15. On March 1, Guillermo Barros Schelotto was announced as the new manager, being his third time as manager in a professional football team. He returned to the club after his tenure as player between 1997 and 2007 where he won 16 titles.
Under Barros Schelotto's coaching, Boca reached the semifinals in the 2016 Copa Libertadores after beating Uruguayan Nacional by penalties but the team was eliminated by Ecuadorean Independiente del Valle after losing the two legs (1–2 and 2–3). At domestic level, Boca Juniors won its 32nd league title, the 2016–17 Primera División, where the team crowned champion on June 20, 2017, before playing the 29th round v. Olimpo in Bahía Blanca. The starting line-up was: Rossi; Jara, Tobio (Vergini), Magallán, Silva; Gago, Barrios, Pablo Pérez; Pavón, Benedetto (Bou), Centurión (Benítez). Boca totalised 63 points in 30 matches (7 points over its rival River Plate, runner-up with 56). Besies, Benedetto was the topscorer of the competition with 21 goals.
Boca Juniors won its second consecutive league title in 2017–18, totalising 58 points over 27 matches (Godoy Cruz was the runner-up with 56). Boca crowned champion after a 2–2 tie with Gimnasia y Esgrima LP in round 25 (goals by P. Pérez and Ábila). The starting line-up was: Rossi; Jara, Vergini, Magallán, Mas; Nández, S. Pérez, P. Pérez; Tévez (Benítez); Pavón (Buffarini), Ábila (Cardona).
In November 2018 Boca played a Copa Libertadores final after 6 years. The team had previously eliminated Brazilian clubs Cruzeiro (2–0, 1–1 in quarterfinals) and Palmeiras (2–0, 2–2 in semifinals). In the finals, Boca lost to River Plate (5–3 on aggregate). Because of the incidents by River supporters before the second leg started at Estadio Monumental, the match was suspended and rescheduled for December 9, 2018 at Santiago Bernabeu Stadium, where Boca was beaten by its classic rival.
Last years
In 2019, Gustavo Alfaro was appointed as manager of the team. With him, Boca won the 2018 Supercopa Argentina after beating Rosario Central 6–5 by penalty shoot-out. This would be the only title won with Alfaro so that same season, Boca lost the 2019 Copa de la Superliga to Tigre (0–2). It was also the Matador first title in the top division. Boca Juniors was also eliminated from 2018–19 Copa Argentina after losing to Almagro 3–1 on penalties.
In 2019 Copa Libertadores Boca was eliminated to River Plate by goal difference (1–2 on aggregate). In December 2019, Jorge Amor Ameal was elected as president with media entrepreneur Mario Pergolini and former star Román Riquelme as vice–presidents. Gustavo Alfaro left the club after his contract ended on December 23, being replaced by Miguel Ángel Russo who started his second tenure as manager of the team.
The first title with Russo came in March 2020, after Boca Juniors won the 2019–20 Primera División in the last fixture, when the team beat Gimnasia y Esgrima LP (coached by Diego Maradona) 1–0. With archrival River Plate placed first with 46 points and Boca 2nd with 45, Boca Juniors won the match while River tied 1–1 with Atlético Tucumán therefore Boca won its 34th. league title totalising 48 points. Line-up v Gimnasia was: Andrada; Buffarini, Zambrano (Capaldo), Alonso, Fabra; Salvio (Reynoso), Campuzano, Pol Fernández, Villa; Soldano (Ábila), Tévez.
Notes
References
External links
H
Boca Juniors
Boca Juniors |
44501953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyalinarcha%20hyalina | Hyalinarcha hyalina | Hyalinarcha hyalina is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in Western New Guinea, Indonesia.
References
Moths described in 1913
Odontiinae |
20477301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario%20Peak | Ontario Peak | Ontario Peak, at 8,696 ft, is a high peak in the San Gabriel Mountains of California. Like its neighbor Cucamonga Peak, it is in the San Bernardino National Forest, and in the Cucamonga Wilderness. The peak is named for the nearby city of Ontario about due south, and first appeared in the General Land Office Forest Atlas in 1908.
The most accessible trailhead for hiking Ontario Peak is in Icehouse Canyon. Forest Service Trail 7W07 leads from here to Icehouse Saddle, from which the Ontario Peak Trail leads to the summit. This route is round trip, with of elevation gain.
See also
Mount San Antonio
Pomona Valley
References
Mountains of San Bernardino County, California
San Gabriel Mountains
San Bernardino National Forest
Mountains of Southern California |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.