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17332845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2590%20Mour%C3%A3o | 2590 Mourão | 2590 Mourão (prov. designation: ) is a bright Vesta asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 22 May 1980, by Belgian astronomer Henri Debehogne at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile. The V-type asteroid has a rotation period of 15.6 hours. It was named after Brazilian astronomer Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão.
Orbit and classification
Mourão is a core member of the Vesta family. Vestian asteroids have a composition akin to cumulate eucrite (HED meteorites) and are thought to have originated deep within 4 Vesta's crust, possibly from the Rheasilvia crater, a large impact crater on its southern hemisphere near the South pole, formed as a result of a subcatastrophic collision. I has also been classified as a member of the Flora family (Zappala; double classification by Nesvorny), one of the largest asteroid clans in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 7 months (1,309 days; semi-major axis of 2.34 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as at Uccle Observatory in November 1949. The body's observation arc begins with at precovery taken at Purple Mountain Observatory in October 1973, almost seven years prior to its official discovery observation at La Silla.
Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of Brazilian astronomer Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão (1935–2014) at the National Observatory of Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro. His activities included the study of double stars, minor planets and comets. He participated extensively in ESO's discoverer program of observations of minor planets. Mourão also wrote several astronomical books and was the founder of the Brazilian Museum for Astronomy (). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 July 1985 ().
Physical characteristics
Mourão has been characterized as a bright V-type asteroid. V-type asteroids are less common than the abundant S-type asteroids but similar in composition, except for their higher concentration of pyroxenes, an aluminium-rich silicate mineral.
Albedo
According to the survey carried out by the WISE and subsequent NEOWISE mission, the body's albedo amounts to 0.61, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a somewhat less extraordinary value of 0.4.
Lightcurves
Photometric observations of this asteroid by Slovak astronomer Adrián Galád in September 2006, gave a rotational lightcurve with a rotation period of hours and a brightness variation of magnitude (). A second, less secure lightcurve was obtained by Italian astronomers Roberto Crippa and Federico Manzini in September 2013, which gave a divergent period of hours with an amplitude of 0.46 magnitude ().
References
External links
Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins –
Lightcurve Database Query (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Geneva Observatory, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
002590
002590
Discoveries by Henri Debehogne
Minor planets named for people
Named minor planets
002590
19800522 |
23573040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horka%20II | Horka II | Horka II is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of the same name, Horka I.
Administrative parts
Villages and hamlets of Buda, Čejtice, Hrádek and Onšovec are administrative parts of Horka II.
Geography
The municipality lies on the shore of Švihov Reservoir, which was built on the Želivka River. The Sázava River flows through the municipality.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horky%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Horky (Kutná Hora District) | Horky is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
17332856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangetsuky%C5%8D%20Station | Kangetsukyō Station | is a train station located in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.
Lines
Keihan Electric Railway
Uji Line
Layout
The station has two side platforms serving two tracks.
Adjacent stations
References
Railway stations in Kyoto |
23573043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horu%C5%A1ice | Horušice | Horušice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Gallery
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostovlice | Hostovlice | Hostovlice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20insignialis | Cliniodes insignialis | Cliniodes insignialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in southern Brazil, north to Rio de Janeiro.
The length of the forewings is 8–12 mm for males and 9–12.5 mm for females. The forewings are yellow with black scales with a few black scales at the extreme base, as well as a few black scales in the middle of the basal area. The antemedial line is black and the medial area is yellow with some orange. The postmedial line consist of black dots on the veins. The hindwings are yellow in males and yellow with a black border or completely black in females. Adults have been recorded on wing nearly year round, except August.
Etymology
The species name refers to the seemingly aposematic maculation and is derived from Latin insignis (meaning conspicuous, noticeable).
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
23573048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrab%C4%9B%C5%A1%C3%ADn | Hraběšín | Hraběšín is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Geography
Hraběšín is located about south of Kutná Hora and southeast of Prague. It lies in the Upper Sázava Hills. It is situated between the streams Paběnický and Klejnárka, which form the western and eastern municipal border. A minor watercourse supplies two small ponds in the centre of the village.
History
The village was founded in the 14th century and named after the nobleman Hrabiše of Paběnice. The first written mention of Hraběšín is from 1379. From 1658 to 1783, it was owned by the Sedlec Abbey. In 1819, it was acquired by the House of Schwarzenberg.
Sights
The main sight is the Hraběšice Castle. The Baroque castle complex includes the castle, a chapel, and outbuildings, surrounded by a wall. The castle was built in the early 17th century, and completely rebuilt in the 1740s. The Chapel of Saint Florian and outbuildings were added in the firsth half of the 19th century. In 1992, the castle was returned in restitution to Karel Schwarzenberg.
References
External links
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20muralis | Cliniodes muralis | Cliniodes muralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in the Dominican Republic and Cuba.
The length of the forewings is 10–12 mm for males and 13–14 mm for females. The forewing costa is greyish red. The basal area is grayish red in males and pearly greyish white in females. The hindwings are translucent smoky. Adults have been recorded on wing in March, May and November in the Dominican Republic and in July in Cuba.
Etymology
The species name refers to the small size and nearly monochromatic grey or brownish red maculation and is derived from Latin mus (meaning mouse).
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
23573051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chabe%C5%99ice | Chabeřice | Chabeřice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages and hamlets of Brandýs, Čížov and Holšice are administrative parts of Chabeřice.
History
The first written mention of Chabeřice is from 1092.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthiesen%20Gallery%2C%20London | Matthiesen Gallery, London | The Matthiesen Gallery is an art gallery in St James's, London, England, founded in 1978 by Patrick Matthiesen, son of Francis Matthiesen, an art dealer of Berlin and London. It operates as both a commercial gallery and an art museum.
The gallery is located at 7-8 Mason Yard, Duke Street St James's.
An earlier Matthiesen Gallery was operated by Francis, first in Berlin, then in London, after he fled Nazi Germany.
References
External links
Art galleries established in 1978
Art galleries in London
Tourist attractions in the City of Westminster
1978 establishments in England |
23573053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C14H10 | C14H10 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C14H10}}
The molecular formula C14H10 (molar mass: 178.23 g/mol) may refer to:
Anthracene
Diphenylacetylene
Phenanthrene
9-Methylene-fluorene, or dibenzofulvene (DBF)
Molecular formulas |
6901066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Don%27t%20Know%20How%20to%20Love%20Him | I Don't Know How to Love Him | "I Don't Know How to Love Him" is a song from the 1970 album and 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar written by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) and Tim Rice (lyrics), a torch ballad sung by the character of Mary Magdalene. In the opera she is presented as bearing an unrequited love for the title character. The song has been much recorded, with "I Don't Know How to Love Him" being one of the rare songs to have had two concurrent recordings reach the top 40 of the Hot 100 chart in Billboard magazine, specifically those by Helen Reddy and Yvonne Elliman, since the 1950s when multi-version chartings were common.
Composition/original recording (Yvonne Elliman)
"I Don't Know How to Love Him" had originally been published with different lyrics in the autumn of 1967, the original title being "Kansas Morning". The melody's main theme has come under some scrutiny for being non-original, being compared to a theme from Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E Minor. In December 1969 and January 1970, when Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice completed Jesus Christ Superstar, Rice wrote new lyrics to the tune of "Kansas Morning" to provide the solo number for the character of Mary Magdalene (Rice and Webber's agent David Land would purchase the rights to "Kansas Morning" back from Southern Music for £50).
Now entitled "I Don't Know How to Love Him", the song was recorded by Yvonne Elliman and completed between March and July 1970. When first presented with "I Don't Know How to Love Him", Elliman had been puzzled by the romantic nature of the lyrics, as she had been under the impression that the Mary she'd been recruited to portray was Jesus's mother.
Recorded in one take at Olympic Studios in June 1970, "I Don't Know How to Love Him" has been universally acclaimed as the high point of the Jesus Christ Superstar soundtrack since the album's September 1970 release; in 2003 The Rough Guide to Cult Pop would assess Elliman's performance: "It's rare to hear a singer combine such power and purity of tone in one song, and none of the famous singers who have covered this ballad since have come close."
The choice for the first single release went, however, to the track "Superstar" by Murray Head. When a cover of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Helen Reddy began moving up the charts in the spring of 1971 the original track by Yvonne Elliman was issued as a single to reach No. 28, although Reddy's version was more successful at No. 13. Both versions did moderately well on the Adult Contemporary chart, with Reddy's at No. 12 and Elliman's at No. 15 Despite the difference in chart success,Cash Box considered Elliman's version to be the stronger version of the song. In early 1972, Elliman's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was issued in the UK on a double A-side single with Murray Head's "Superstar"; with this release Elliman faced competition with a cover of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Petula Clark, but neither version became a major hit, Elliman's reaching No. 47 and Clark's No. 47. Tim Rice produced several additional tracks for Elliman to complete her debut album.
Elliman performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when she played the Mary Magdalene role first in the Broadway production of Jesus Christ Superstar, which opened at the Mark Hellinger Theatre 12 October 1971, and then in the movie version, her respective renderings being featured on both the Broadway cast album and the soundtrack album for the film. Her version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" from the movie soundtrack gave Elliman a hit in Italy (#21) in 1974. Elliman has also performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when revisiting her Mary Magdalene role, first at a Jesus Christ Superstar concert by the University of Texas at El Paso Dinner Theatre staged 14 April 2003, and then for a live-in-concert one-night only performance of Jesus Christ Superstar on 13 August 2006 at the Ricardo Montalban Theater in Los Angeles.
Chart history
Subsequent show tune renditions in English
Melanie C version
Onstage
English singer Melanie C performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene during the Jesus Christ Superstar Live Arena Tour which had its initial UK run in September - October 2012 also playing the O2 Dublin 12 October 2012, followed first by an Australian tour in May - June 2013 and then an encore UK run in October 2012. Melanie C had debuted her performance of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on 25 July 2012 when she sang the song to Andrew Lloyd Webber's piano accompaniment on the final of the reality-TV talent show Superstar broadcast by ITV. The Adelaide Now review of the ...Live Arena Tours 4 June 2012 performance at the Adelaide Entertainment Centre stated: "Melanie C absolutely blitzes her big number 'I Don't Know How To Love Him' bringing a more raw rock edge to the bridge before hitting the final big notes right out of the arena."
Recording
Melanie C made a studio recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 9 September 2012 album Stages, a show tune album produced by the singer's longtime collaborator Peter-John Vettese from which "I Don't Know How to Love Him" had been issued in digital download format as a preview to rank after its first week of release at #20 on the UK Independent Singles Chart.
Track listings
Digital download "Don't Know How To Love Him" – 5:18
Charts
Credits and personnel
Credits for the album version of "I Don't Know How To Love Him".
Andrew Lloyd Webber – songwriter
Tim Rice – songwriter
Peter-John Vettese – producer
Mark 'Tufty' Evans – engineer
Tony Cousins – mastering
Ian Ross – art designer
Tim Bret-Day – photographer
Release history
Other renditions as a show tune in English
Other singers who have performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene onstage in productions of Jesus Christ Superstar (referred to as JCS), and/or as a show tune, include:1970s/ 1980s onstage in JCS:
Linda Nichols in the first US national tour which played the Hollywood Bowl in August 1971; Nichols reprised the role in a four-city tour (Atlanta/ Dallas/ Sacramento/ St. Louis) in 1985
Michele Fawdon who originated the role in Australia in 1972
Marta Heflin in the Broadway production at the Mark Hellinger Theater from 17 April 1972
Heather MacRae in the second US national tour which played the Universal Studios Amphitheatre in July 1972
Dana Gillespie in the original London production at the Palace Theatre which opened 9 August 1972, and on the subsequent UK tour
Emma Angeline Butler in the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin, production which opened March 1973
Marcia Hines, who in the summer of 1973 took over from Fawdon as Mary Magdalene in Australia, reprising the role in 1975 and 1978
Judy Kaye at the Oakdale Theater, Wallingford CT, in 1972, at the Music Circus, Sacramento, in June 1975, and at the Paper Mill Playhouse in 1977
Barbara Niles in the first Broadway revival which opened at the Longacre Theater 23 November 1977
Siobhan McCarthy at the Palace Theater (West End) from 1979
Beth Leavel in the UNCG Summer Theater Repertory production in June 1979
Nicolette Larson at the Starlight Theater, Kansas City, MO, in August 1984
Kim Criswell at the Paper Mill Playhouse in 1988
The renditions of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Michele Fawdon and Dana Gillespie were respectively featured on the Australian and London cast albums of JCS, both released in 1972. Marcia Hines' version appears on her 1978 Live Across Australia album.1990s onstage in JCS:
LaChanze at the Walnut Street Theater, Philadelphia, over the Christmas season of 1991
Kate Ceberano in the 1992 Australian national tour
Janika Sillamaa in 1992 at the Linnahall, Tallinn
Irene Cara in the first months of Landmark Entertainment Group US national tour 1992-93
Margaret Urlich in a New Zealand concert production in 1993
Emily Saliers in the Jesus Christ Superstar: a Resurrection production which played Atlanta, Austin and Seattle in 1994
Syreeta Wright in the Landmark Entertainment Group US national tour as of October 1993
Joanna Ampil in the London revival at the Lyceum Theatre which opened 19 November 1996
Golda Rosheuval in a seven-city UK tour 1998-99
The renditions of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Kate Ceberano (1992), Margaret Urlich (1993), Emily Saliers (1994), and Joanna Ampil (1996) all appear on the cast albums of their respective productions, with the cast album tracks by Kate Ceberano and Margaret Urlich released as singles in, respectively, Australia and New Zealand charting at respectively No. 38 and No. 44. In 1992 Claire Moore sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on a 20th Anniversary re-recording of the JCS soundtrack.
Frances Ruffelle sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when she performed as Mary Magdalene in a studio cast album of JCS broadcast on BBC Radio 2 on 19 October 1996. Also in 1996 Issy Van Randwyck performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on a recording of JCS produced for Jay Records. Janika Sillamaa recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 1993 album Lootus; the rendition recorded by Kim Criswell for her 1999 album Back to Before is included on the 2002 compilation album The Essential Songs of Andrew Lloyd-Webber.
In 1999 JCS was filmed by Andrew Lloyd Webber's RUG company with Renee Castle singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him" as Mary Magdalene; released in the UK 16 October 2000 and internationally over the next six months, the RUG production of JCS had its cast album given a parallel release with the video and DVD editions of the film in March 2001, with the film being broadcast by PBS as a Great Performances segment over Eastertide of 2001.2000s onstage in JCS:
Maya Days in the 2000 Broadway revival which opened at the Ford Center for the Performing Arts that 16 April
Amii Stewart at the Teatro Olimpico, Rome, over the Easter season of 2000 in the concluding engagement of a seven-city Italian tour
Olivia Cinquemani (it) in the final performance of the Eastertide 2000 engagement at the Teatro Olimpico and subsequently at the Teatro Nazionale, Milan, in that autumn; Bituin Escalante in the GSIS Theater, Manila, production which opened 23 March 2000
Sonja Richter in the Østre Gasværk, Østerbro, production which opened 23 February 2002
Arlene Wilkes (no) in the Agder Teater, Kristiansand, production which opened 13 July 2002
Natalie Toro in the 2004 US national tour;
Liisi Koikson (et) at the Vanemuine, Tartu, in June 2004
Kerry Ellis in a concert production at Portchester Castle in Fareham 11 July 2004
Candida Mosoma in the South African production which opened 12 April 2006 at Theater on the Bay, Cape Town, with Mosoma reprising her role when the production played the Badminton Theater, Athens, over Eastertide 2007.
In the 2 September 2006 episode of How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria?, potential eliminees Helena Blackman and Leanne Dobinson sang a joint version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for Andrew Lloyd Webber, who elected to "save" Blackman.2010 -''' onstage in JCS:
Naomi Price in the Harvest Rain Theatre Company production of August 2010 and in its August 2011 reprise
Nádine in the South African production which opened 12 May 2011 at the Artscape Opera House, Cape Town
Jennifer Paz in the Village Theatre, Seattle, revival which opened 11 May 2011
Chilina Kennedy in the Stratford Festival revival which opened 16 May 2011 and, after an interim La Jolla Playhouse run, opened at the Neil Simon Theatre on Broadway 22 March 2012
Ivana Vaňková (cs) in the Brno City Theatre production at the Mediterranean Conference Centre, Valletta, in April 2014
Mari Haugen Smistad (no) in the Lørenskog Hus, Akershus, production which opened 10 October 2014
Patricia Meeden (de) in the Theater Bonn Operhaus production which opened 13 October 2014 (at some performances the song was sung by Mary Magdalene alternate Dionne Wudu)
Julia Deans in the Auckland Theatre Company production which opened 1 November 2014 at the Rangatira auditorium in the Q Theater
Rachel Adedeji in the tour of the British Isles from 21 January 2015
Nadine Beiler in a concert staging at the Raimund Theater, Mariahilf, from 27 March 2015
Maria Ylipää can be heard singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on the recording made of the concert production of JCS which had a three-night run 25–27 August 2011 at Sibelius Hall in Lahti, Finland, Ylipää playing the role of Mary Magdalene in that production made under the auspices of the Lahti Symphony Orchestra. Saara Aalto sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when she assumed the role of Mary Magdalene in a reprise of the Lahti Symphony Orchestra's concert production of JCS, which had a three-night run 22–24 August 2012.
Renée van Wegberg (nl) sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene in a concert version of JCS presented 25 March 2013 at the Beatrix Theater in Utrecht, and again in a concert production at the DeLaMar (Amsterdam) 17 March 2015. On 16 March 2015 the DeLaMar had presented a concert version of JCS featuring Willemijn Verkaik singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene.
Other singers with theatrical associations who have recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" include (with parent album) Elaine Paige (Stages – 1983; also Elaine Paige Live – 2009), Barbara Dickson (Ovation: Best of Andrew Lloyd Webber – 1985), Stephanie Lawrence (The Love Songs of Andrew Lloyd Webber – 1988), Titti Sjöblom (Special -1989), Marti Webb (The Magic From the Musicals – 1991), Fiona Hendley (The Andrew Lloyd Webber Collection – 1991), Sarah Brightman (Sarah Brightman Sings the Music of Andrew Lloyd Webber – 1992), Julia McKenzie (The Musicals Album – 1992), Lea Salonga (The Broadway Concert – 1992), Twiggy (London Pride: songs from the London stage - 1996), and Ruthie Henshall (non-album cut - 2011). Also Helena Vondráčková, who had recorded the Czech rendering "Já, Máří Magdaléna" for her 1993 showtune album Broadway, recorded "I Don't know How to Love Him", for that album's 1994 English-language edition: The Broadway Album. Sandy Lam performed the song in the Andrew Lloyd Webber: Masterpiece: Live From the Great Hall of the People, Beijing televised concert in 2001; her rendering is featured on the soundtrack album. Gemma Arterton performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" 8 July 2014 at the Tim Rice: a life in song gala at the Royal Festival Hall which was filmed for broadcast by BBC Two on Christmas Day 2014. Sonia, who performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the 1997 UK tour of the What a Feeling nostalgiac revue, recorded her version for the show's soundtrack album. Also Bonnie Tyler was recruited to record "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for the 2007 album Over the Rainbow – Show Tunes in Aid of the Association of Children's Hospices. Sara Bareilles performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" during the live musical television special, Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert, on NBC on 1 April 2018.
Show tune renditions – non-English languages
Czech "Co na tom je tak zlého?/What's so bad about that?" (lyricist Michael Prostějovský) was introduced by Bára Basiková in the Spiral Theatre (Prague Exhibition Ground) production which opened 22 July 1994: the production's four-year run featured several alternate Mary Magdalenes including Leona Machálková. Basikova reprised the role in the Musical Theatre Karlín revival which opened 11 November 2010 and in which Dasha (cs) was alternate Mary Magdalene. Besides being recorded by Basikova for the 1994 cast album of the Spiral Theatre production, "Co na tom je tak zlého?" has been recorded by Monika Absolonová for her 2010 showtune album Muzikálové, while the alternate Czech rendering: "Já, Máří Magdaléna/Me, Mary Magdalene", was recorded by Helena Vondráčková for her 1993 showtune album Broadway.
Danish "Jeg vil så gerne nå ham/I so want to reach him" (lyricist Johannes Møllehave) was introduced in the 1972 production which opened at the Falkoner Center (Frederiksberg) in which Mary Magdalene was performed alternately by Kirsten Johansen or Ann Liza, with Ann Liza recording the song for the cast album release of 1972. An alternate Danish rendering: "Jeg ønsker - jeg ku' glemme/I wish - I could forget" (lyricist Bente Frithioff Nørgaard), was recorded by Kirsten Siggaard (da) for her 1987 showtune album Musicals.
Dutch "Hoe Moet ik van Hem Houden?/How Should I Love Him?" (lyricist Daniël Cohen) was introduced by Casey Francisco (nl) in the touring production which opened 3 November 2005 at the Stadsschouwburg Utrecht: during the show's Penny Vos alternated with Francisco as Mary Magdalene: it was Francisco who recorded "Hoe Moet ik van Hem Houden?" for the cast album released in 2006. The song was nominated for a 2006 Flemish Musical Prize (nl), its parent production having played at the Stadsschouwburg Antwerp/Antwerpen, but the award was conferred on "De winnaar heeft de macht/The winner has the power" from the Dutch edition of "Mamma Mia!". Maike Boerdom ( nl) recorded "Hoe Moet ik van Hem Houden?" for her 2010 showtune album Dichtbij Broadway.
French "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine (Dites-moi comment faire)/The Song of Mary Magdalene (Tell me how to do it)" (lyricist Pierre Delanoë) was introduced by Anne-Marie David in the Paris production of JCS which opened at the Théâtre de Chaillo in April 1972. Her rendering of "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine" taken from the cast recording reached No. 29 on the French charts. "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine" was also recorded by Nicoletta for an unofficial JCS soundtrack album released on Barclay Records to coincide with the April 1972 opening of the Paris production.
German "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben?/How am I supposed to love him?" (lyricist Anja Hauptmann de) premiered with the production 18 February 1972 at Halle Münsterland, with Paula Roy recording the song for the 1973 cast album of the German tour. An earlier German rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him": "Einmal werde ich ihn sehen/I will see him once", had been recorded by musical actress Olivia Molina being as single release from her 1971 self-titled album: Molina would play Mary Magdalene in the Theater Oberhausen 1985 production of JCS. Anna Montanaro, who played Mary Magdalene at Bad Hersfelder Festspiele over the summers of 2002–04, recorded "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben?" for that production's 2003 soundtrack album. "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben?" has also been performed onstage by Ann Christin Elverum (de) in the Theater des Westens 2004 concert staging; by Petra Madita Pape (de) at DomStufen-Festspiele in 2005; by Eva Rodekirchen (de) at Stadttheater Ingolstadt in 2007; Caroline Vasicek in the 2011 Easter Concert staging at the Ronacher (de) Theater; and Femke Soetenga (de) at Thunerseespiele in 2010.
Hungarian "Nem Tudom, Hogyan Szeressem/I don't know how to love" (lyricist Miklós Tibor hu): introduced onstage by Magdi Bódy (hu) in an oratorio production at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics on 18 January 1972, the song was performed from May 1986 in the cathedral square in Szeged production by Kriszta Kováts (hu) alternating with Anikó Nagy. "Nem tudom, hogy szeressen" has since been sung onstage by Nelly Fésűs (hu) in the Miscolk National Theatre production which opened 9 November 2001, and by Lilla Polyák (hu) in the Szigligeti Theatre (Szolnok) production which opened 15 April 2011. Operatic soprano Sylvia Sass recorded "Nem Tudom, Hogyan Szeressem" for her 1985 album Nézz Körül.
Italian "Non so chiamarlo amore/I don't know how to call it love" was introduced in the Compagnia della Rancia Tolentino production November 2006: Valentina Gullace, who performed onstage at Compagnia della Rancia, may be heard singing "Non so chiamarlo amore" on the cast album released in 2007.
Japanese "Watashi Wa Iesu Ga Wakaranai/I don't understand Jesus" was introduced by Hideko Kuno (ja) onstage in the premiere Shiki Theatre production of JCS in 1973: Kuno's recording of the song is featured on the cast album released in 1976. The Shiki Theatre has since staged revivals of JCS many times: Ryoko Nomura (ja) has performed "Watashi Wa Iesu Ga Wakaranai" onstage in the Shiki revivals of 1987, 1991 and 1994.
Norwegian "Eg veit ikkje/I do not know" (lyricist Bjørn Endreson) was introduced onstage by Aina Oldeide in the premiere det Norske Teatret production of JCS which opened 29 March 1990. The Norsek Teatre revival of JCS which opened 3 September 2009 featured a new rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by lyricist Ola E. Bø: entitled "Eg vil gi han min kjærleik/I want to give him my love", the song was introduced onstage by Charlotte Frogner.
Polish "Jak mam go pokochać/How am I supposed to love him" (lyricist Wojciech Młynarski) was introduced by Małgorzata Ostrowska in the Teatr Muzyczny (Gdynia) production which premiered 17 April 1987 at the : during this production Irena Pająkówna alternated with Ostrowska. In the revival of JCS which ran at Teatr Muzyczny (Gdynia) from 11 November 2000 the role of mary Magdalene was performed onstage alternately by Izabela Bujniewicz (po) or Dorota Kowalewska.
Portuguese "Eu não sei como amá-lo/I don't know how to love him" (lyricist Vinicius de Moraes) was introduced by Maria Célia Camargo (pt) in the Teatro Aquarius (São Paulo) production which opened in March 1972, with Camargo's rendition heard on the cast album released the same year. The song has since been performed onstage by Negra Li in the revival of JCS which opened at the Teatro do Complexo Ohtake Cultural (Pinheiros) on 14 March 2014. The 2007 Portuguese revision of JCS introduced a rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" entitled "Eu Não Sei Como O Amar/I don't know how to love him": during the show's run, which after a premiere engagement at Rivoli Theater (Porto) from 14 June 2007 transferred to the Teatro Politeama in Lisbon on 27 November 2007, the role of Mary Madgalene was performed alternately by Laura Rodrigues or Sara Lima, then from May 2008 the role alternated between Laura Rodrigues and Anabela.
Russian "Kak ego lyubit'/How to love him" (lyricist Iaroslav Kesler) was introduced in the Mossovet Theatre production which premiered in 1990 and has been constantly revived, marking its 1000 performance in December 2015. Among the singer/ actresses who have performed onstage as Mary Magdalene for Mossovet are Yekaterina Guseva, Irina Klimova (ru) (2008), Lada Maris (ru) (1999, 2005, 2006, 2007), and Anastasija Makiejewa (ru) (2012). An alternate Russian rendering: "Kak dolžen byt' ljubim on/How he should be loved" (lyricist Vyacheslav Ptitsyn), was recorded by Tatiana Antsiferova (ru) for the 1992 studio cast album of JCS, while the St. Petersburg Rock Opera Theatre (ru) production, which premiered February 1990 introduced a rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" entitled "Arija Marii Magdaliny/Aria of Mary Magdalene" (lyricist Grigorii Kruzhkov ru and/ or Marina Boroditskaya): the singer/ actresses who performed onstage as Mary Magdalene in the Rock Opera production included Natalia Uleskaya who recorded "Arija Marii Magdaliny" for the cast album release of 1994.
Slovak "Nie, neviem ako ľúbiť/No, I don't know how to love": The premiere Slovak-language production of JCS opened 10 April 2015 for a projected year-long run at the Heineken Tower Stage (sk) (Ružinov) with Katarína Hasprová performing onstage in the premiere: during the show's run Hasprová is alternating onstage in the role of Mary Magdalene with Nela Pocisková.
Spanish In 1975 two distinct Spanish-language renderings of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" were introduced onstage: firstly Julissa introduced "Yo no sé cómo amarlo/I don't know how to love him" (lyricist Marcos Lizama) in the Teatro Ferrocarrilero Gudelio Morales (Cuauhtémoc) of JCS, while Angela Carrasco introduced "Es más que amor/It's more than love" (lyricist Jaime Azpilicueta) in the Nuevo Teatro Alcalá (Madrid) production which opened 6 November 1975, with both Julissa and Carrasco heard with their respective renderings on their respective cast album releases: Julissa in 1974, Carrasco in 1977. Cast albums from subsequent Madrid productions featured Estíbaliz singing "Es más que amor" (1984) and Lorena Calero singing a new Spanish-language rendering "No sé cómo quererle/I don't know how to love him" (2007), while Laura Flores is featured singing "Yo no sé cómo amarlo" on the cast album from the 1984 Televiteatros revival. Rocío Banquells, who sang "Yo no sé cómo amarlo" onstage in the Teatro Lírico de México 1983 revival of JCS, recorded the song for her 1999 album Ellas Cantan Así. Paloma San Basilio recorded "Es más que amor" for her 2002 showtune album Eternamente: Grandes éxitos de grandes musicales .
Swedish "Vart Ska Min Kärlek Föra/Where Will My Love Lead" (lyricist Britt G. Hallqvist) was sung onstage by Agnetha Fältskog when she originated the role of Mary Magdalene in the Swedish production of JCS which premiered 18 February 1972 at the Scandinavium in Gothenburg for a two-week run followed by a national tour: Fältskog had previously played the role in a mounting of JCS – evidently in English – which premiered in Copenhagen on 26 December 1971. During the play's Scandinavium tenure, Fältskog alternated the Mary Magdalene role with Titti Sjöblom: Fältskog played the role in the evening performances with Sjöblom onstage for the matinées. Besides recording "Vart Ska Min Kärlek Föra" for the cast album of the Scandinavium production of JCS, recorded in 1971, Fältskog made a recording of the song for release as a single: the session for the single version of "Vart Ska Min Kärlek Föra" was recorded at a session at Metronome Studios in Stockholm produced by Björn Ulvaeus on 4 February 1972 while Fältskog was in rehearsals for her stage role. Both the Swedish cast album and Fältskog's single version of "Vart Ska Min Kärlek Föra" were released March 1972 with the single reaching No. 2 on the Swedish hit parade. Titti Sjöblom would fully assume the Mary Magdalene role onstage for the Swedish touring company of JCS. "Vart Ska Min Kärlek Föra" has also been recorded by Anna-Lotta Larsson for her 2004 album of show tunes entitled Tidlöst. "Hur visar jag min kärlek?/How do I show my love?" (lyricist Ola Salo) was introduced onstage by in the Malmö Opera's revival of JCS which ran 31 October 2008 – 8 March 2009: Fang was featured singing the song on that production's cast recording. This production was revived at the Göta Lejon Theatre in Stockholm with an 8 April – Easter Sunday – 2012 premiere with Anna-Maria Hallgarn onstage as Mary Magdalene for the first six months of the tour, with Gunilla Backman appearing onstage in the role as of 13 September 2012 – by Gunilla Backman, with Anna Sahlene announced to assume the role onstage from 27 December 2012. Gunilla Backman had recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 2010 album showtune album entitled Gunilla Backman sings Webber.
Non-theatrical versions
Helen Reddy version
Upon the release of the original Jesus Christ Superstar album Capitol Records executive Artie Mogull heard the potential for a smash hit in the track "I Don't Know How to Love Him" and had pitched the song to Linda Ronstadt, then on the Capitol roster; after Ronstadt advised Mogull: "she hated the song, [saying] it was terrible" Mogull invited the then-unknown Helen Reddy to record "I Don't Know How to Love Him" as part of a one-off single deal with Capitol. Reddy herself did not care for "I Don't Know How to Love Him" agreeing to cut the song to serve as B-side for the track she wished to record: the Mac Davis composition; "I Believe in Music" (later a hit for Gallery).
Background and recording
In her autobiography The Woman I Am, Helen Reddy states that Mogull invited her to record a single after seeing her perform on a Tonight Show episode (the guest host Flip Wilson had invited Reddy to appear; Wilson knew Reddy from the club circuit). Mogull himself attributed his interest in Reddy to the solicitations on her behalf by her then-husband and manager Jeff Wald who called Mogull three times a day for five months asking him to let Reddy cut a song. Larry Marks produced Reddy's recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" and "I Believe in Music" at A&M's recording studios. According to Reddy, her extreme anxiety – "I had waited years for this shot and I didn't think there would be another one" – manifested in her vocals making "I Believe in Music" ineffectual but "I Don't Know How to Love Him" convincingly plaintive, clinching the decision to make the latter the A-side of the single, released in January 1971. In a 1974 Billboard tribute to Helen Reddy, writer Cynthia Spector states "I Don't Know How to Love Him" became a hit due to the efforts of Jeff Wald "who stayed on the phone morning to night, cajoling, bullying, wheedling airplay from disk jockeys. Using $4,000 of his own money, his own telephone credit card and his American Express card to wine and dine anyone who would listen to his wife, he made the record happen."
Release
Reddy attributes the eventual success of her recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" to the positive listener response the track received at the first station where it was played, WDRC (AM) in Hartford, Conn. A number of the "local requests" for "I Don't Know How to Love Him" originated in Los Angeles, made by Reddy's visiting nephew—a teenage Australian actor with a penchant for different voices—and also a number of Reddy's friends, with Reddy admitting: "I may have made a call or two myself."
In April 1971 WDRC program director Charles R. Parker would relate how Reddy and Wald had visited WDRC to thank the station for its initial support of Reddy's "I Don't Know How to Love Him," with Reddy and Wald expressing how they "were more than delighted and surprised to see [the track] break on Top 40 at WDRC."
Chart impact
Reddy's recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" entered the national charts in March 1971 – showing in the Top Ten in Dallas and Denver that month – but its momentum was so gradual as to not effect Top 40 entry until that May; by then MCA Records had issued the original Yvonne Elliman track as a single and from 15 May 1971 to 26 June 1971 both versions were in the Top 40 with Reddy's version maintaining the upper hand peaking at No. 13 while Elliman's version peaked at No. 28. "I Don't Know How to Love Him" became Reddy's first major hit single in her native Australia, peaking at No. 2 on the Go-Set Top 40 chart for two weeks in August 1971 with an eventual ranking as the No. 8 hit for the year 1971. On Australia's Kent Music Report, the song also reached No. 2, but stayed at that position for eight consecutive weeks. The track also afforded Reddy a hit in Europe with a March 1972 peak of No. 14 in Sweden—the Swedish production of Jesus Christ Superstar had begun a record-setting run in February 1972—and an April 1972 peak of No. 23 in the Netherlands.
The success of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" led to Reddy's being signed to a long-term contract by Capitol who released her I Don't Know How to Love Him album in August 1971. The track issued as a follow-up single: a version of Van Morrison's "Crazy Love" stalled short of the Top 40 at No. 51, while the album charted with a moderate No. 100 peak; Reddy's subsequent success, however, garnered her debut album sufficient interest for it be certified as a Gold record in 1974. Also of note, the I Don't Know How to Love Him album included an initial arrangement of Reddy's signature song, "I Am Woman" which via a 1972 re-recording with a new arrangement would prove to be the vehicle to consolidate Reddy's stardom, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated 9 December 1972.
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Other non-theatrical versions
The earliest single version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was that cut by Karen Wyman an artist on the roster of MCA/Decca Records the label of release for the original Jesus Christ Superstar album: Wyman's single, produced by Ken Greengrass and Peter Matz, was released in November 1970 in the US and was also released in 1970 in the UK. Introduced on her May 1971 album release One Together, Wyman's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" had reached #101 in Record World's "The Singles Chart 101–150" during a December 1970 - January 1971 eight-week tenure.
A version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" done in medley with "Everything's Alright", also from Jesus Christ Superstar, was recorded on the Happy Tiger label by a group credited as the Kimberlys; released in January 1971 the same week as the Helen Reddy version, the Kimberleys' track received enough regional attention to reach No. 99 on the Billboard Hot 100 that March.
Dutch vocalist Bojoura had a 1971 single release of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" with the song relegated to B-side status, the single's A-side being "Everything's Alright".
The appearance of Helen Reddy's version on the Billboard Hot 100 also drew the single release of the version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Petula Clark which single – produced by Johnny Harris – would be Clark's last released on Warner Brothers.
In the British Isles "I Don't Know How to Love Him" first became a hit in the Republic of Ireland where Tina & Real McCoy took it to No. 1 in December 1971. In January 1972 the version by Petula Clark was released in the UK to chart at No. 47 marking Clark's final appearance on the UK Singles chart except for the 1988 remix of her 1964 hit "Downtown". Clark's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was to be her final single release on Pye Records. Concurrent with Clark's version, the original Yvonne Elliman track was issued as a single on a double A-side with "Superstar" by Murray Head; this single peaked at UK No. 47. Tony Hatch, who had produced Petula Clark's hit singles of the 1960s, had produced a version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by his then-wife Jackie Trent, which was issued as a single 5 November 1971: Hatch would later produce a rendition of the song by Julie Budd for her 1972 self-titled album. A 1972 version by Sylvie McNeill on a UK 45, United Artists UA UP35415, was released (11 August) timed for the first UK stage musical of Jesus Christ Superstar; she had actually performed it on The Benny Hill Show (original air date: 23 February 1972).
Petula Clark also recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in French as "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine" which served as the title cut for a 1972 French language album which also featured Clark's version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him". "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine" became a chart item (#66) for Clark in Quebec in March 1972 despite being bested in France by the Anne-Marie David version from the Paris cast recording which reached No. 29.
In 1972, Cilla Black recorded the song for Day by Day with Cilla – her seventh and final studio album to be produced by George Martin. Black revealed in her 2003 autobiography What's It All About how she had worked so hard to produce the song which she loved but as her record label EMI Records were having industrial action the album was delayed a year. The singer went on to explain "Disappointed though I was, there was at least a crumb of comfort for me when Tim Rice hailed my recording as 'the definitive version'." Also in 2003, Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote for the booklet of Black's compilation album The Best of 1963–78 "Her version of 'I Don't Know How To Love Him' in my opinion stands up alongside her other great songs...". Black's original vocal was remixed for her 2009 club remixes album Cilla All Mixed Up.
Shirley Bassey recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 1972 album release And I Love You So with the track having a single release as the B-side of the title track. Johnny Harris, who'd produced Petula Clark's version of "I Don't How to Love Him", was the producer of Bassey's And I Love You So album (Noel Rogers was credited as executive producer) and on that album's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" track Harris acted as arranger/conductor.
The earliest rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in Swedish was "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" introduced on the album Frida by Anni-Frid Lyngstad which was recorded from September 1970 to January 1971: the complete album track was entitled "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" the first element referring to the Swedish rendering of the abbreviated version of "Everything's Alright" which serves as the lead-in to "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" ("I Don't Know How to Love Him" is performed in the stage musical Jesus Christ Superstar with an abbreviated "Everything's Alright" as prelude). "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" had a belated single release in the spring of 1972 as follow-up to Lyngstad's hit "Min egen Stad": the single release of "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" put Lyngstad in competition with her future ABBA co-member Agnetha Fältskog, the latter's concurrent single release "Vart Ska Min Karlek Fora" being the Swedish rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" featured in the Swedish production of Jesus Christ Superstar and Faltskog having the cachet of performing as Mary Magdalena in that stage production it was her single which became the hit, besting Lyngstad's "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" and also a cover version of "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" by .
"I Don't Know How to Love Him" has also been recorded (with parent album) by Madeline Bell (on multi-artist album Musical Cocktail – 1995), Debra Byrne (credited as Debbie [no surname] on multi-artist album Young Talent Time by Young Talent Team – 1973), Mary Byrne (...with Love – 2011), Chelsia Chan (Dark Side of Your Mind – 1975), Judy Collins (Amazing Grace – 1985), Dana (Everything is Beautiful - 1980), Kjerstin Dellert (entitled "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek") (Primadonna – 1977), Johnny Dorelli & Catherine Spaak (entitled "Non So Più Come Amarlo") (B-side of No. 6 Italian chart hit "Una Serata Insieme a Te" – 1973), Katja Ebstein (entitled "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben") (Liebe – 1977), Peggy Lee (Where Did They Go? – 1971), Suzanne Lynch (Walk a Little Closer - 1973; credited as Suzanne [no surname]), Gloria Lynne (I Don't Know How to Love Him – 1976), Ginette Reno (entitled "La Chanson De Marie Madeleine") (Spécialement Pour Vous - 1976), Jeane Manson (Jeane Manson – 1993), Manuela (Songs of Love – 1971), Catherine McKinnon (Catherine McKinnon - 1976 or '77 compilation album of CBC Radio performances), (Anita Meyer (Premiere – 1987), Gitte Hænning (entitled "Jeg vil så gerne nå ham") (Gitte Hænning – 1971), (entitled "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben") (Meisterstücke – 2001), Sinéad O'Connor (Theology – 2007), Marion Rung (entitled "Maria Magdalena" recorded 1974) (Marion, olkaa hyvä - kaikki singlet 1971-1986 – 2005), Irene Ryder (Irene - 1971), Seija Simola (entitled "Maria Magdalena") (Seija – 1972), Nancy Sinatra (Shifting Gears - 2013), Ornella Vanoni (entitled "Non So Più Come Amarlo") (single from Quei Giorni Insieme A Te – 1974), and Frances Yip (Frances Yip's Greatest Hits - 1972). Kelly Marie, who at sixteen had won four times on Opportunity Knocks singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him", recorded a disco version of the song which appears on the 2003 album Applause.
Nell Carter performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in an episode of the NBC-TV sitcom Gimme a Break! entitled Flashback which was broadcast 26 January 1984.
Mulgrew Miller recorded an instrumental version of the song on his 1995 album Getting to Know You.
Alicja Janosz, winner of the first edition of Polish Idol, performed the song during World Idol competition in 2003.
In the "Sadie Hawkins" episode of the TV series Glee aired 24 January 2013 "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was performed by Jenna Ushkowitz in the role of Tina.
An apparently unique gender-adjusted version of the song: "I Don't Know How to Love Her", was recorded by Jerry Vale as the title cut of his 1971 album release.
References
External links
, Yvonne Elliman in Jesus Christ Superstar''
1970s ballads
1970 songs
1971 debut singles
English folk songs
Songs from Jesus Christ Superstar
Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
1992 singles
Yvonne Elliman songs
Helen Reddy songs
Torch songs
Decca Records singles
MCA Records singles
Capitol Records singles
Songs with lyrics by Tim Rice
Folk ballads
Sara Bareilles songs
Songs about Jesus
Cultural depictions of Mary Magdalene
Song recordings produced by Peter-John Vettese |
23573056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chl%C3%ADstovice | Chlístovice | Chlístovice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Chroustkov, Kralice, Kraličky, Pivnisko, Švábínov, Svatý Jan t. Krsovice, Vernýřov, Všesoky, Žandov and Zdeslavice are administrative parts of Chlístovice.
Sights
In Chlístovice there are the ruins of Sion Castle, where the Hussite marshal Jan Roháč of Dubá made his last stand.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazerush | Blazerush | BlazeRush is a top-down vehicular combat video game, developed by the Russian studio Targem Games. The game was released on PlayStation 3 and PC Steam via in October 2014. November 19, 2014 saw the release of the first update 1.0.1. for PC users. On February 19, 2019 the game was released for the Nintendo Switch.
Gameplay
BlazeRush is an arcade racing game where players compete with each other on various thematic tracks. The main goal of the race is to cross the finish line first. During the race, players can pick up various weapons with different characteristics. Weapons can be used both for attack and defense. You can also find a number of boosters, such as nitro, rocket and pulse variations on the road.
Unlike most traditional races, BlazeRush puts emphasis on split-screen local multiplayer, allowing 4 players at once, as well as the possibility to drop into the game at any time.
Game modes
The game has three game modes — Survival, King of the Hill and Race.
Survival
In this mode, the pilot with the least numbers of ‘death’ wins. You are also pursued by an angry boss, so those falling behind risk being overwhelmed.
King of the Hill
In the mode ‘King of the Hill’ the pilot to lead for most of the race wins.
Race
A three-lap sprint. The winner is the first person to cross the finish line. Given the level of insanity in the game, the results of each race are often spontaneous and unpredictable.
Story
The game has three planets suitable for life, and thus for the crazy races. As the game progresses, these planets undergo global changes, serving as a backdrop to our magnificent competition.
References
External links
BlazeRush at Targem Games
2014 video games
Linux games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
MacOS games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Nintendo Switch games
Racing video games
Vehicular combat games
Video games developed in Russia
Video games set on fictional planets
Windows games |
20469039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20contract%20law | United States contract law | Contract law regulates the obligations established by agreement, whether express or implied, between private parties in the United States. The law of contracts varies from state to state; there is nationwide federal contract law in certain areas, such as contracts entered into pursuant to Federal Reclamation Law.
The law governing transactions involving the sale of goods has become highly standardized nationwide through widespread adoption of the Uniform Commercial Code. There remains significant diversity in the interpretation of other kinds of contracts, depending upon the extent to which a given state has codified its common law of contracts or adopted portions of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts.
Formation
A contract is an agreement between two or more parties creating reciprocal obligations enforceable at law. The elements of a contract are mutual consent, offer and acceptance, consideration, and legal purpose.
Agreement
Mutual consent, also known as ratification and meeting of the minds, is typically established through the process of offer and acceptance. However, contracts can also be implied in fact, as discussed below. At common law, the terms of a purported acceptance must be the "mirror image" of the terms of the offer. Any variation thereof constitutes a counteroffer.
An offer is a display of willingness by a promissor to be legally bound by terms they specify, made in a way that would lead a reasonable person in the promisee's position to understand that an acceptance is being sought and, if made, results in an enforceable contract. Ordinarily, an offeror is permitted to revoke their offer at any time prior to a valid acceptance. This is partially due to the maxim that an offeror is the "master of his offer."
In the case of options, the general rule stated above applies even when the offeror promises to hold the offer open for a certain period of time. For example, Alice says to Bob, "I'll sell you my watch for $10, and you can have a week to decide." Alice is free to revoke her offer during the week, as long as Bob has not accepted the offer.
However, if the offeree gives some separate consideration (discussed below) to keep the offer open for a certain period of time, the offeror is not permitted to revoke during that period. For example, Alice offers to sell Bob her watch for $10. Bob gives Alice $1 to keep the offer open for a week. Alice is not permitted to revoke during the week.
A counteroffer is a new offer that varies the terms of the original offer. Therefore, it is simultaneously a rejection of the original offer. For example, Alan says to Betty, "I'll sell you my watch for $10." At this point Betty has the power of acceptance. But Betty responds, "I'll only pay $8." Betty's response is a rejection of Alan's offer but gives Alan a new power of acceptance. It is possible to phrase what appears to be a counteroffer so that it does not destroy the original power of acceptance. For example, Alan says to Betty, "I'll sell you my watch for $10." Betty responds, "I wonder whether you would take $8." Betty retains her original power of acceptance (unless Alan revokes), but she does not give Alan a new power of acceptance, as she is not making an offer of her own. Therefore, she is not making a counteroffer either. As such, mere inquiries are not counteroffers.
An acceptance is an agreement, by express act or implied from conduct, to the terms of an offer, including the prescribed manner of acceptance, so that an enforceable contract is formed.
In what is known as a battle of the forms, when the process of offer and acceptance is not followed, it is still possible to have an enforceable contract, as mentioned above with respect to contracts implied in fact.
Uniform Commercial Code
The Uniform Commercial Code ("UCC") dispenses with the mirror image rule in § 2-207. UCC § 2-207(1) provides that a "definite and seasonable expression of acceptance...operates as" an acceptance, even though it varies the terms of the original offer. Such an expression is typically interpreted as an acceptance when it purports to accept and agrees on the following terms of the original offer: subject matter, quantity, and price. However, such an expression is not interpreted as an acceptance if it is "expressly conditional" on the original offeror's assent to the varied terms, discussed below. This language is known as the proviso. When the proviso is not used, the terms of the contract are determined by subsection 2. When the proviso is used, but there is no assent by the original offeror to the offeree's varied terms, yet the parties go ahead and perform (act like they have a contract, hence a contract implied in fact), the terms of the contract are determined by subsection 3. So, the terms of a contract under 2-207 are never determined by a combination of subsections 2 and 3.
UCC § 2-207(2) of the statute tells what to do with additional terms. It does not explicitly address what to do with different terms. A minority of states, led by California, infer that this was a typographical error by the drafters. As such, those states treat different terms in the same manner as additional terms. The majority rule, however, is that different terms do not become part of the contract; rather, both of the conflicting terms—from both parties—are removed from the contract. This is known as the knockout rule. Any "gaps" resulting from the removal of these terms are "filled" by Article 2's "gap-fillers."
A term in a purported acceptance is different if it directly contradicts the subject matter of a term present in the original offer. A term in a purported acceptance is additional if it contemplates a subject matter not present at all in the original offer. As already mentioned, subsection 2 does tell what to do with additional terms. They do not become part of the contract if either party is not a merchant.
A merchant is defined elsewhere in the UCC as a party that regularly "deals in goods of the kind" or otherwise gives an impression of knowledge or skill regarding the subject matter of the transaction. If both parties are merchants then additional terms in a purported acceptance do become part of the contract unless any of three exceptions apply.
The exceptions are (out of order): objection by the original offeror in advance; objection by the original offeror within a reasonable time after notice; and material alteration of the contract. The third exception, whether the additional terms materially alter the contract, is the most difficult to apply. Typically, to show it, the merchant must be subjected to undue hardship and/or surprise as a result of the varied term, as measured by the industry involved. It is well established that disclaimer of warranty, indemnification, and arbitration are all clauses that do constitute material alterations.
UCC § 2-207(3) only applies when the proviso language from subsection 1 is used. When the proviso is used, there is no contract formed at that time unless the original offeror assents to the terms that the party purporting to accept has made "expressly conditional."
For example, a buyer sends a purchase order with its own terms. The seller sends an acknowledgement with additional and/or different terms and uses the proviso. The buyer must accept the seller's additional and/or different terms, or else no contract is formed at that time.
Frequently, however, the buyer in such a situation does not accept the seller's terms, typically through silence, that is, not signing and returning the form to the seller. Subsection 3 is designed to deal with this situation.
When the parties begin to perform the contract, they form a contract implied in fact. The terms of that contract are determined by this subsection. They consist of those terms both forms agree on. Any pertinent term upon the forms do not agree are not part of the contract but instead are supplied by the Code's gap fillers.
Note that whether the parties are merchants is irrelevant for this subsection. However, private parties do not typically send and receive purchase orders or invoices, so in hypotheticals, the parties typically are merchants.
For example, the Brown Company (buyer) sends a purchase order to the Smith Company (seller) for 100 widgets. Brown's terms are silent as to arbitration. Smith sends an acknowledgement, making its acceptance of Brown's offer "expressly conditional" on Brown's assent to Smith's additional term that any dispute arising from the transaction be resolved by arbitration. Brown does not sign and return Smith's form, but Smith goes ahead and fulfills the order. Brown receives the widgets and pays for them. The forms do not agree as to the term of arbitration. Therefore, if a dispute arises, the arbitration clause is not part of the contract. Instead, a UCC gap-filling provision is used. Since the Code does not supply arbitration, Brown is able to avoid Smith's term and bring an action in court.
Examples
Laidlaw v. Organ, 15 U.S. 178 (1817) the seller of tobacco was not entitled to get out of a contract to sell a load at a low price when it transpired that the War of 1812 had ended, and so that prices would rise (because a navy embargo was lifted). Even though the buyer stayed silent about the peace treaty that had just been agreed when he was asked if prices might rise, he was entitled to enforce the contract.
Pando v. Fernandez, 127 Misc.2d 224 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1984) it was held that it was not impossible to prove that a boy had agreed with the winner of $2.8m in a lottery that she would share the winnings with him
ProCD, Inc. v. Zeidenberg, 86 F.3d 1447 (7th Cir. 1996) the click of a button accepting a license's terms on software counts as agreement
Specht v. Netscape, 306 F.3d 17 (2d Cir. 2002) simply clicking a download button does not indicate agreement to the terms of a contract if those terms were not conspicuous
Seixas v. Woods 2 Cai. R. 48 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1804) a contract was binding despite making a mistake
Consideration and estoppel
Consideration is something of value given by a promissor to a promisee in exchange for something of value given by a promisee to a promissor. Typical examples of things of value are acts, forbearances, and/or promises to do so. The latter referring to those things that a party has a legal privilege to do in the first place. So, promising to refrain from committing a tort or crime is not a thing of value for purposes of consideration. This is known as the bargain theory of consideration and requires that the promises to exchange the things be reciprocally induced. This is especially important for the discussion of past consideration, below.
Consideration must be sufficient, but courts do not weigh the adequacy of consideration, partially because in a capitalistic society private parties are entitled and expected to determine the value of things for themselves. In other words, the things being exchanged must have some value in the eyes of the law, but the general rule is that courts do not care how much. Love and affection, for example, would not constitute sufficient consideration, but a penny would. However, sufficient consideration that is grossly inadequate may be deemed unconscionable, discussed below.
Moreover, things that ordinarily constitute sufficient consideration may be deemed insufficient when they are being exchanged for fungible things. For example, $1 is ordinarily sufficient consideration, and $100 is ordinarily sufficient consideration. However, if Alan and Betty agree to exchange $1 for $100, it would not be an enforceable contract for lack of consideration. An exception to this exception is when there is special significance to the $1 bill itself, such as if it was the first dollar a person made in business and carries tremendous sentimental value, similar to the peppercorn rule. Fungible things do not have to be money, though. They can be grains stored in a silo, for example. One bushel of grain being exchanged for 100 bushels of the same grain would not be sufficient consideration.
Past acts cannot constitute consideration. For example, an employer lays off an employee but promises to give him a pension in exchange for his long and faithful service to the company. It is impossible for the employee to presently promise to have worked all those years for the pension. He worked for the paychecks that the company promised in the past, not knowing whether a pension lay in the future. He might have hoped to one day receive a pension, but the company did not promise one until his layoff. Note, in this situation, the employee may be able to prevail on a claim of promissory restitution, but there is no contract for lack of consideration.
Promissory estoppel is a separate cause of action to breach of contract, requiring separate elements to be shown. It has the effect that in many contract like situations, the requirement of consideration need not be present.
The elements of promissory estoppel are:
an express or implied promise;
detrimental reliance by the promisee foreseeable to a reasonable person in the promissor's position;
actual detrimental reliance by the promisee (worsening of their position); and
for specific performance (as opposed to reliance damages), injustice can only be avoided by enforcing the promise.
Examples
Angel v. Murray, 322 A.2d 630 (RI 1974) modification of a contract does not require consideration if the change is made in good faith and agreed by both parties.
Hamer v. Sidway, 124 N.Y. 538, 27 N.E. 256 (N.Y. 1891) promising to not behave anti-socially amounted to valid consideration for a contract, in this case payment of money by an uncle to a nephew to not swear, drink, gamble and smoke.
Kirksey v. Kirksey, Ala. Sup. 8 Ala. 131 (1845) an old case holding that it was not sufficient consideration to promise to visit a person, in return for getting a house.
Lingenfelder v. Wainwright Brewing Co., 15 S.W. 844 (1891) promising not to sue did not amount to valid consideration
McMichael v. Price, 58 P.2d 549 (OK 1936) mutuality of obligation, and an illusory promise. It was not illusory to promise to buy all sand from one supplier, even though there was no contractual obligation to buy any sand at all. This meant there was sufficient mutuality of obligation.
Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon, 222 N.Y. 88, 118 N.E. 214 (1917) it was sufficient consideration to promise to represent someone's interests.
Salsbury v. Northwestern Bell Telephone Co., 221 N.W.2d 609 (IA 1974) charitable subscriptions can be enforced without consideration or detrimental reliance.
Formality
Ordinarily, contracts do not have to be in writing to be enforceable. However, certain types of contracts do have to be reduced to writing to be enforceable, to prevent frauds and perjuries, hence the name statute of frauds, which also makes it not a misnomer (fraud need not be present to implicate the statute of frauds).
Typically the following types of contracts implicate the statute of frauds:
Land, including leases over a year and easements
Suretyships (promises to answer for the debts, defaults, or miscarriages of another)
Consideration of marriage (not to actually get married but to give a dowry, for example)
Goods over a certain amount of money (usually $500, as in the UCC)
Contracts that cannot be performed within one year
For example, a two-year employment contract naturally cannot be performed within one year.
In many states lifetime contracts are not considered to fall within the Statute of Frauds reasoning that life can end at any time, certainly within one year from the time of execution. In other states, notably Illinois, contracts requiring performance for a lifetime are covered by the Statute.
The statute of frauds requires the signature of the party against whom enforcement is sought (the party to be sued for failure to perform). For example, Bob contracts with the Smith Company for two years of employment. The employer would need to sign the writing.
Moreover, the writing for purposes of satisfying the statute of frauds does not need to be the actual contract. It might be a letter, memorializing and formalizing an oral arrangement already made over the phone. Therefore, the signed writing does not need to contain all of the terms that the parties agreed to. At common law, only the essential terms were required in the signed writing. Under the UCC, the only term that must be present in the writing is the quantity. The writing also does not need to be one document, but if there are multiple documents, they must all obviously refer to the same transaction, and they all must be signed. The signature itself does not need to be a full name. Any mark made with the intent to authenticate the writing is satisfactory, such as initials or even such as an X by an illiterate party.
A contract that may otherwise be unenforceable under the statute of frauds may become enforceable under the doctrine of part performance. If the party seeking enforcement of the contract has partially or fulfilled its duties under the contract without objection from the other party, the performing party may be able to use its performance to hold the other party to the terms of the contract.
No writing is required when:
Goods have been received and accepted;
Payment has been made and accepted;
Goods are specially manufactured (there is no market for them); or
under the UCC, the party against whom enforcement is being sought admits a certain quantity of goods.
The last exception applies up to the quantity admitted, which may include the entire contract. This reversed the rule at common law that permitted a defendant to testify that he indeed contracted with the plaintiff but refuses to perform because it is not in writing.
Privity
Under the principle of privity, a person may not reap the benefits or be required to suffer the burdens of a contract to which they were not a party.
Breach of contract
Performance
Jacob & Youngs, Inc. v. Kent, 230 N.Y. 239 (1921) a builder who used the wrong kind of piping in construction of a building was entitled to payment, as he had substantially performed the work, but subject to a deduction for the difference in value of the wrong piping.
Damages
The primary remedy for breach of contract is expectation damages, or "benefit of the bargain." At law, this is monetary compensation. At equity, it can be specific performance or an injunction, among other things. For example, Dan and Pam have an enforceable contract for the sale of Dan's watch. The price they agreed to was $10. The actual value of the watch is $15. Pam would be able to successfully pursue a claim for $5. She might elect this route if she did not want to keep the watch but sell it to a third party for a profit. Alternatively, Pam could successfully pursue a claim whereby the court would order Dan to sell the watch for the original price. She might elect this route if she actually wanted the watch for herself.
The remedy for quasi-contracts (contracts implied in law) is quantum meruit, the reasonable or "fair market" value of goods or services rendered. The remedy for promissory estoppel is reliance damages.
Examples
Hawkins v. McGee, 84 N.H. 114, 146 A. 641 (N.H. 1929) the plaintiff's hand was injured by electrical wiring, and the doctor promised surgery to give him a 100% good hand. The operation failed, and the plaintiff won damages to the value of what he expected to get, compared to what he had. However, he received no extra compensation for pain and suffering.
United States Naval Institute v. Charter Communications, Inc., 936 F.2d 692 (Second Cir. 1991) punitive damages and efficient breach, The Hunt for Red October
Snepp v. United States 444 U.S. 507 (1980) restitution damages
Specific performance
Specific performance occurs when a court orders a party to perform a specific act. In the context of a contract, specific performance requires that a party in breach fulfill its duties under the contract.
Arbitration
Parties are permitted to agree to arbitrate disputes arising from their contracts. Under the Federal Arbitration Act (which has been interpreted to cover all contracts arising under federal or state law), arbitration clauses are generally enforceable unless the party resisting arbitration can show unconscionability, fraud or something else that undermines the entire contract.
Quasi-contract
The terms quasi-contract and contract implied in law are synonymous. There are two types of quasi-contract. One is an action in restitution. The other is unjust enrichment. Note, therefore, that it is improper to say that quasi-contract, implied in law contract, and unjust enrichment are all synonymous, because unjust enrichment is only one type of the broader category of quasi-contracts (contracts implied in law).
Contracts implied in law differ from contracts implied in fact in that contracts implied in law are not true contracts. Contracts implied in fact are ones that the parties involved presumably intended. In contracts implied in law, one party may have been completely unwilling to participate, as shown below, especially for an action in restitution. There has been no mutual assent, in other words, but public policy essentially requires a remedy.
Unjust Enrichment
The elements of this cause of action are:
conferral of a benefit on another;
the other's knowledge of the benefit;
the other's acceptance or retention of the benefit;
circumstances requiring the other to pay the fair value for the benefit to avoid inequity.
Britton v. Turner, 6 N.H. 481 (1834) an employee who left work on a farm after nine months, but had contracted to be paid $120 at the end of one year, was entitled to receive some payment ($95) even though the contract was not completed.
Restitution
The full name of this cause of action is "restitution for actions required to preserve another's life or health." It is available when a party supplies goods or services to someone else, even though the recipient is unaware or does not consent. Unawareness and non-consent can both be due to unconsciousness, but the latter also includes incapacity, which in turn refers to mental incompetence and/or infancy (minority).
The elements of this cause of action are:
the supplier acts "unofficiously", that is, isn't interfering in the affairs of the recipient for no reason;
the supplier acts with the intent to charge money for doing so;
the goods or services are necessary to prevent the recipient from suffering serious bodily injury or pain;
the recipient is unable to consent;
the supplier has no reason to know that the recipient would not consent if they could; and,
if the recipient is "extremely" mentally incompetent or young and objects, the non-consent is immaterial.
Construction
Uniform Commercial Code §2-301
Restatement §201(1)
Uniform Commercial Code §2-313(1)(b)
Frigaliment Importing Company v BNS International Sales Corp, 190 FSupp 116 (SDNY 1960) Friendly J
Express terms
Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, on warranties
Restatement §213, parol evidence rule: a written agreement that is completely integrated discharges prior oral agreements in its scope.
Mitchill v Lath 247 NY 377 (1928)
Masterson v Sine 68 Cal 2d 222 (1968) Traynor J
Restatement §203, trade usage non-excluded by parol evidence rules
Columbia Nitrogen Corp v Royster Co, 451 F 2d 3 (4th 1971) 31,000 tons of phosphate a year for $50 a ton. The buyer could rely on custom of adjusting prices in the fertilizer industry despite the contract's express price, when the market fell.
Southern Concrete Services v Mableton Contractors, Inc, 407 F Supp 581 (ND Ga 1975)
Implied terms
Restatement §223, courts can supply a missing term by resorting to trade usage or course of dealing "which is fairly to be regarded as establishing a common basis of understanding"
UCC §1-205 and 2-208
Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon, 118 NE 214 (1917) Cardozo J, promise to use reasonable efforts to generate license revenues properly implied. "The law has outgrown its primitive stage of formalism when the precise word was the sovereign talisman, and every slip was fatal.... A promise may be lacking, and yet the whole writing may be 'instinct with and obligation,' imperfectly expressed...." UCC 2-306(2)
Bloor v Falstaff Brewing Corp 601 F2d 609 (2nd 1979) Friendly J, breach of best efforts covenant
Uniform Commercial Code §315
Kellogg Bridge Company v. Hamilton, 110 U.S. 108 (1884) there was an implied warranty of fitness for the Kellog Co to build a bridge for a railway company.
Kirke La Shelle Company v. The Paul Armstrong Company et al, 263 NY 79 (1933) "In every contract there is an implied covenant that neither party shall do anything, which will have the effect of destroying or injuring the right of the other party, to receive the fruits of the contract, which means that in every contract there exists an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing."
Unconscionable terms
Interpretation
Uniform Commercial Code §2-302, 2-314, 2-316, 2-719
Moscatiello v Pittsburgh Contractors Equipment Co
Pierce v Catalina Yachts, Inc
Restatement (Second) of Contracts §211
Darner Motor Sales v Universal Underwriters
Gordinier v Aetna Casualty & Surety Co
Farm Bureau Mutual insurance Co v Sandbulte
Max True Plastering Co v United States Fidelty & Guaranty Co
Substance
Restatement (Second) of Contracts §208
Post v Jones
Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture Co., 350 F2d 445 (DC 1965) procedural unconscionability
Pittsley v Houser
People v Two Wheel Corp
Maxwell v Fidelity Financial Services, Inc
Kansas City Wholesale Grocery Co. v. Weber Packing Corp., 93 Utah 414 (1937) a contract clause limiting the time for allowing complaints about the delivery of a shipment of ketchup was unconscionable
Buchwald v. Paramount, Cal. App. LEXIS 634 (1990) Paramount's contract stipulating it would only pay for work if a $288m film earned a net profit was unconscionable.
Harris v. Blockbuster, Inc., 622 F.Supp.2d 396 (2009)
Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc., 161 A2d 69 (1960)
Consumer protection
Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act 2010
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
Fair Credit Reporting Act
Truth in Lending Act
Fair Credit Billing Act
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
Federal Trade Commission
U.S. Department of Justice
Cancelling the contract
Mistake
Unilateral mistakes
Donovan v. RRL Corp., 109 Cal.Rptr.2d 807 (2001).
Restatement, Second, Contracts §§153-154
Speckel v Perkins
Mutual mistakes, shared assumptions
Restatement, Second, Contracts §§151-152 and 154
Sherwood v. Walker 66 Mich 568, 33 NW 919 (1887)
Nester v Michigan Land & Iron Co
Griffith v Brymer
Wood v Boynton
Firestone & Parson, Inc v Union League of Philadelphia
Everett v Estate of Sumstad
Lenawee County Board of Health v. Messerly, 331 N.W.2d 203 (1982) it transpired an illegal septic system had contaminated the ground.
Beachcomber Coins, Inc v Boskett
Uniform Commercial Code §§2-312 to 2-315
Transcription mistakes
Restatement, Second, Contracts §§155
Chimart Associates v Paul
Duress and undue influence
Duress
Misrepresentation
United States v. Spearin, 248 U.S. 132 (1918) superior knowledge of US government
Helene Curtis Industries, Inc. v. United States (160 Ct. Cl. 437, 312 F.2d 774 (1963) the superior knowledge doctrine gives the US government a duty of disclosure
Laidlaw v. Organ 15 U.S. 178 (1817), on caveat emptor
Obde v. Schlemeyer 56 Wash 2d 449, 353 P2d 672 (Supreme Court of Washington, 1960) termite infested house not revealed to buyers. Even though no questions asked, seller still liable for failure to disclose.
Smith v. Bolles, 132 U.S. 125 (1889) damages for misrepresentation of share sale did not entitle the buyer to get money as if the representation were true
Illegality
ProCD v. Zeidenberg, copyrights
SCO v. DaimlerChrysler, license agreements
Stoddard v. Martin 1 R.I. 1 (1828) a contract to bet on the outcome of a Senate election was void, because it was contrary to public policy to gamble.
See also
Restatement (Second) of Contracts 1962-1979
Uniform Commercial Code
Uniform Commercial Code adoption
English contract law
United States tort law
Civil Procedure in the United States
Contract theory
References
Further reading
Texts
I Ayres and RE Speidel, Studies in Contract Law (2008)
SJ Burton and MA Eisenberg, Contract Law: Selected Source Materials Annotated (2011)
MA Chirelstein, Concepts and Case Analysis in the Law of Contracts (6th edn 2010)
EA Farnsworth, Contracts (2008)
LL Fuller, MA Eisenberg and MP Gergen Basic Contract Law (9th edn 2013)
CL Knapp, NM Crystal and HG Prince, Problems in Contract Law: Cases and Materials (7th edn Aspen 2012)
Books
OW Holmes, The Common Law (1890) chs 7-9
G Gilmore, The Death of Contract (1974)
Articles
MR Cohen, 'The Basis of Contract' (1933) 46 Harvard Law Review 553
LL Fuller and WR Perdue, 'The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages' (1936) 46 Yale Law Journal 52-96
Goldberg, 'Institutional Change and the Quasi-Invisible Hand' (1974) 17 JLE 461
R Hale, 'Force and the State: A Comparison of "Political" and "Economic" Compulsion' (1935) 35 Columbia LR 149
MJ Horwitz, 'The History of the Public/Private Distinction' (1982) 130(6) University of Pennsylvania LR 1423
D. Kennedy, 'Distributive and Paternalist Motives in Contract and Tort Law, with special reference to compulsory terms and unequal bargaining power' (1982) 41(4) Maryland Law Review 563
F Kessler, 'Contracts of Adhesion – Some Thoughts About Freedom of Contract' (1943) 43(5) Columbia Law Review 629
R Pound, 'Liberty of Contract' (1909) 18 Yale LJ 454
Contract theory
Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. v. Shute, on forum selection clauses
The Bremen v. Zapata Off-Shore Company, forum selection clauses
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge, on the Constitution's Contract Clause
Marquez v. Screen Actors Guild Inc., on the validity of union shop contracts
Salazar v. Ramah Navajo Chapter, 567 U.S. ___ (2012) the US government's obligation to honor contracts with Native Americans.
Law of obligations, tort, unjust enrichment and trusts
Freedom of contract and regulation
Autonomy
Bargaining power and inequality of bargaining power
Will theory, promise
"Promise" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Arthur Linton Corbin
Adverse selection, moral hazard, information asymmetry
Complete contract and default rule
Agency cost, principal and agent problem
External links
Uniform Commercial Code |
44496268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20Lima%20Challenger | 2014 Lima Challenger | The 2014 Lima Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which is part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Lima, Peru between November 15 and November 23, 2014.
Singles main-draw entrants
Seeds
1 Rankings are as of November 10, 2014.
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
Sergio Galdós
Jorge Brian Panta
Rodrigo Sánchez
Juan Pablo Varillas
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
Alan Kohen
Michael Linzer
Guillermo Rivera Aránguiz
Edmundo Ulloa
Champions
Singles
Guido Pella def. Jason Kubler, 6–2, 6–4
Doubles
Sergio Galdós / Guido Pella def. Marcelo Demoliner / Roberto Maytín, 6–3, 6–1
External links
Official Website
Lima Challenger
Lima Challenger
November 2014 sports events in South America
2014 in Peruvian sport |
6901068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ice%20Break | The Ice Break | The Ice Break is an English-language opera in three acts, with music and libretto to an original scenario by Sir Michael Tippett. The opera received its premiere at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden on 7 July 1977, conducted by Colin Davis, the dedicatee of the opera.
One meaning of the opera's title is a reference to the actual physical breaking of ice on the frozen northern rivers, signaling the advent of spring. The composer has said that the subject of the opera is "whether or not we can be reborn from the stereotypes we live in." John Warrack has noted that the work "confronts questions of stereotype on a wider scale" compared to Tippett's earlier operas, and also in a contemporary setting. Tippett himself put this line on a preface page to a published score of the opera, the opening of François Villon's Ballade des pendus::
"Brother humans who live after us, do not harden your hearts against us."
Performance history
A German translation was given at the Kiel Opera House the year following its premiere. The Opera Company of Boston staged the work in May 1979 for 3 performances, under the direction of Sarah Caldwell, in the first professional production of a Tippett opera in the USA. Covent Garden revived the opera in the same year, but was not thereafter seen until a 1990 concert production at the Henry Wood Proms in the Royal Albert Hall in 1990. A recording was made with the 1990 cast.
Birmingham Opera Company, in partnership with 45 arts and social organizations in Birmingham who provided the amateur actors to perform in the many crowd scenes in the opera, gave the second UK and third in total production of the opera, in five promenade-style performances of the opera in the B12 warehouse in the Digbeth area of central Birmingham, in April 2015. Graham Vick directed the production, with the Birmingham Opera Company Chorus and the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra conducted by Andrew Gourlay.
Roles
Synopsis
Prior to the action of the opera, Nadia had emigrated with her baby son, Yuri, after her husband, Lev, had been sentenced to the prison camps of Russia.
Act 1
The opera opens in an airport lounge, where Lev, a Russian dissident, arrives to join his wife, Nadia, and his son, Yuri, in the West in exile after 20 years in prison. In the airport also are Yuri's girlfriend Gayle and Gayle's friend Hannah, who are also waiting the arrival of the black athlete, Olympion, a Muhammad Ali-like character. Lev and Olympion separately arrive. Lev reunites with Nadia and Yuri, but Yuri feels distant from Lev, since he has never met his father as an adult. In the meantime, Gayle throws herself at Olympion, which angers Yuri and causes him to attack Olympion, who knocks him down. Back at home, Yuri expresses anger at his father.
Act 2
Among Olympion's fans, there are gang rivalries which crystallise into a conflict between blacks and whites. Gayle and Yuri wear masks and blend into the masked white chorus, while the same is true on the black side for Olympion and Hannah. The conflict explodes into a mob riot, and Olympion and Gayle die in the violence. Yuri is barely alive and is taken to hospital.
Act 3
Nadia, on the brink of death, asks Hannah to take care of Lev. In an interlude, the psychedelic messenger Astron has appeared, and a drugged-out crowd hails him as a saviour. Astron dismisses this and disappears. Back in the hospital, Yuri has undergone successful surgery, and is totally encased in a plaster cast. The cast is cut away, and Yuri stands. Yuri eventually embraces his father.
Recordings
Virgin Classics 7 91448-2: David Wilson-Johnson (Lev), Heather Harper (Nadia), Sanford Sylvan (Yuri), Carolann Page (Gayle), Cynthia Clarey (Hannah), Thomas Randle (Olympion), Bonaventura Bottone (Luke), Donald Maxwell (Lieutenant), Christopher Robson, Sarah Walker; London Sinfonietta Chorus; London Sinfonietta; David Atherton, conductor
References
Further reading
The Operas of Michael Tippett (English National Opera/Royal Opera Opera Guide 29), John Calder, 1985. .
Operas by Michael Tippett
English-language operas
1977 operas
Operas
Opera world premieres at the Royal Opera House |
6901076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergal%20Ryan | Fergal Ryan | Fergal Ryan (born 17 February 1972) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a right corner-back for the Cork senior team.
Born in Blackrock, Cork, Ryan first played competitive hurling whilst at school at Coláiste Chríost Rí. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Cork minor hurling team, before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 1992–93 National Hurling League. Ryan went on to win one All-Ireland medal, two Munster medals and one National Hurling League medal.
As a member of the Munster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, Ryan won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he has a three-time championship medallist with Blackrock.
His uncle, Terry Kelly, had a lengthy career with Cork and Dublin.
Throughout his career Ryan made 17 championship appearances for Cork. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 2002 championship.
Playing career
Club
Ryan played his club hurling with Blackrock and had several successes in his more than two-decade long career. After enjoying little success in the minor and under-21 grades, he later became a member of the Rockies senior team.
After losing the senior decider in 1998, Blackrock were back in the final once again the following year. A 3–17 to 0–8 trouncing of University College Cork gave Ryan his first championship medal.
Blackrock surrendered their championship title the following year, but bounced back and returned to the decider again in 2001. Divisional side Imokilly provided the opposition, and a 4–8 to 2–7 victory gave Ryan a second championship medal.
In 2002 Blackrock reached the championship decider for a second successive year and faced an up-and-coming Newtownshandrum. A goal by Alan Browne was the key to securing a 1–14 to 0–12 victory and a first two-in-a-row since 1979. It was Ryan's third championship medal in four seasons.
Inter-county
Ryan first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Cork minor hurling team in 1990. He made his debut in that grade against Clare in the provincial decider. A 1–9 to 0–9 victory gave Ryan a Munster medal. The subsequent All-Ireland decider pitted Cork against Kilkenny. Trailing by ten points at half-time Cork staged a comeback to draw the game 3–14 apiece. The replay four weeks later saw Ryan's side hampered as Brian Corcoran had to withdraw due to injury. Cork were beaten on that occasion and lost 3–16 to 0–11.
Three years later in 1993 Ryan was in his last season with the Cork under-21 team. He was introduced as a substitute in the provincial decider and collected a Munster medal following a 1–18 to 3–9 defeat of Limerick.
On 4 June 1995 Ryan made his senior debut for Cork in a 2–13 to 3–9 Munster semi-final defeat by Clare.
Cork qualified for the National League decider in 1998, and a 2–14 to 0–13 win over Waterford gave Ryan a National Hurling League medal.
After a seven-year hiatus Cork claimed the provincial title in 1999. A 1–15 to 0–14 defeat of three-in-a-row hopefuls Clare gave Ryan his first Munster medal. Cork later faced Kilkenny in the All-Ireland decider on 12 September 1999. Cork trailed by 0–5 to 0–4 after a low-scoring first half. Kilkenny increased the pace after the interval, pulling into a four-point lead. Cork moved up a gear and through Deane, Ben O'Connor and Seánie McGrath Cork scored five unanswered points. Kilkenny could only manage one more score – a point from a Henry Shefflin free – and Cork held out to win by 0–13 to 0–12. It was Ryan's sole All-Ireland medal. He later won an All-Star.
Ryan won a second Munster medal in 2000 as captain of the side, as Cork retained their title following a 0–23 to 3–12 defeat of Tipperary.
Inter-provincial
Ryan was also selected for Munster in the inter-provincial series of games.
After facing defeat by Connacht in his debut season in 1999, Ryan was appointed captain of the side the following year. A 3–15 to 2–15 defeat of Leinster gave him a Railway Cup medal.
Personal life
Born in Blackrock, Ryan was educated locally at Scoil Barra Naofa Buachaillí in nearby Beaumont and later attended Coláiste Chríost Rí. It was here that his interest in Gaelic games was first developed. Ryan later worked as a sales representative with United Beverages, becoming regional manager in 2003.
Honours
Player
Blackrock
Cork Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1999, 2001, 2002
Cork
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1999
Munster Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1999, 2000 (c)
National Hurling League (1): 1998
Munster Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 1993
Munster Minor Hurling Championship (1): 1990
Munster
Railway Cup (1): 2000 (c)
Manager
Blackrock
Cork Premier Senior Hurling Championship (1): 2020
References
1972 births
Living people
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners
Blackrock hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers
Munster inter-provincial hurlers
People educated at Coláiste Chríost Rí |
17332858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel%20Shadbolt | Nigel Shadbolt | Sir Nigel Richard Shadbolt (born 9 April 1956) is Principal of Jesus College, Oxford, and Professorial Research Fellow in the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford. He is Chairman of the Open Data Institute which he co-founded with Tim Berners-Lee. He is also a Visiting Professor in the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton. Shadbolt is an interdisciplinary researcher, policy expert and commentator. His research focuses on understanding how intelligent behaviour is embodied and emerges in humans, machines and, most recently, on the Web, and has made contributions to the fields of Psychology, Cognitive science, Computational neuroscience, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Computer science and the emerging field of Web science.
Education
Shadbolt was born in London but adopted and raised in the Derbyshire village of Ashford-in-the-Water, living a "bucolic existence" until he went to university. He went to Lady Manners School, then a grammar school. He studied for an undergraduate degree in philosophy and psychology at Newcastle University. His PhD was from the Department of Artificial Intelligence at the University of Edinburgh. His thesis resulted in a framework for understanding how human dialogue is organised and was supervised by Barry Richards and Henry S. Thompson.
Research and career
Shadbolt's research has been in Artificial Intelligence since the late 1970s working on a broad range of topics; from natural language understanding and robotics through to expert systems, computational neuroscience, memory through to the semantic web and linked data. He also writes on the wider implications of his research. One example is the book he co-authored with Kieron O'Hara that examines privacy and trust in the Digital Age – The Spy in the Coffee Machine. His most recent research is on the topic of social machines – understanding the emergent problem solving that arises from a combination of humans, computers and data at web scale. The SOCIAM project on social machines is funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).
In 1983, Shadbolt moved to the University of Nottingham and joined the Department of Psychology. From 2000 to 2015 he was Professor of Artificial Intelligence in the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton.
From 2000 to 2007, he led and directed the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration (IRC). It produced a broad range of Semantic Web research, including how diverse information could be harvested and integrated and how semantics could help computers systems recommend content.
In 2006 Shadbolt was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng). He is a Fellow of the British Computer Society (FBCS) and was its President in its 50th jubilee year. That same year, Nigel Shadbolt, Tim Berners-Lee, Wendy Hall and Daniel Weitzner, founded the Web Science Research Initiative, to promote the discipline of Web Science and foster research collaboration between the University of Southampton and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
From 2007 to 2011 Shadbolt was Deputy Head of the School of Electronics and Computer Science (ECS) at the University of Southampton, from 2011 to 2014 he was Head of the Web and Internet Science Group, the first research group dedicated to the study of Web science and Internet science, within ECS, comprising 140 staff, researchers and PhD students.
His Semantic Web research led to the formation of Garlik, offering identity protection services. In 2008, Garlik was awarded Technology Pioneer status by the Davos World Economic Forum and won the UK BT Flagship IT Award. Experian acquired Garlik in November 2011.
In June 2009 he was appointed together with Tim Berners-Lee as Information Advisor to the UK Government. The two led a team to develop data.gov.uk, a single point of access for UK non-personal Governmental public data. In May 2010 he was appointed by the UK Coalition Government to the Public Sector Transparency Board responsible for setting open data standards across the public sector and developing the legal Right to Data.
In December 2012, Shadbolt and Tim Berners-Lee formally launched the Open Data Institute. The ODI focuses on incubating and nurturing new businesses wanting to harness open data, training and promoting standards. In 2013, Shadbolt and Tim Berners-Lee joined the board of advisors of tech startup State.com, creating a network of structured opinions on the semantic web. On 1 August 2015 he was appointed Principal of Jesus College, Oxford and a Professorial Research Fellow in the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford.
Appointments
2008–present: Director, Web Science Trust
2010–2015: Chair of Local Public Data Panel, Dept. of Communities and Local Government.
2011–2014: Chair of UK Midata programme, BIS, appointed by Minister of State
2012–2016: UK Health Sector Transparency Board, DHS.
2013–2015: UK Research Sector Transparency Board, appointed by Minister of State
2013–2015: UK Information Economy Council, BIS, appointed by Minister of State
2015–2016: Chair, Shadbolt Review of Computer Science Employability
2015–2016: UK French Data Task Force, appointed by Chancellor of Exchequer
2015–present: Member, HMG Digital Advisory Board. Appointed by Minister of State
Awards and honours
2014: Appointed EPSRC RISE (Recognising Inspirational Scientists and Engineers) Fellow
2016: Elected first Jisc Fellow
2017: Elected Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)
He was interviewed by Jim Al-Khalili on The Life Scientific on BBC Radio 4 in April 2015. In 2016, he delivered the Hinton Lecture of the Royal Academy of Engineering, entitled "Engineering the Future of Data".
Personal life
Shadbolt is married to Bev Saunders, a designer, and has two children.
Bibliography
Shadbolt, Nigel and Hampson, Roger (2018), The Digital Ape, Scribe Publications, London, UK
References
1956 births
Living people
Scientists from London
Alumni of Newcastle University
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
English computer scientists
Academics of the University of Nottingham
Academics of the University of Southampton
Fellows of the British Computer Society
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Knights Bachelor
Presidents of the British Computer Society
Principals of Jesus College, Oxford
Members of the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford
Semantic Web people
Fellows of the Royal Society |
6901101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vero%20station | Vero station | Vero station, also known as Vero Beach station, is a historic Florida East Coast Railway train station in Vero Beach, Florida. It is located at 2336 Fourteenth Avenue.
History
Prior to the station, the railroad stop was known as mile marker 350. The station was built in 1903 as a 1-story Wood-Frame Vernacular building with shingle-sides. It was enlarged and remodeled 1916 and 1936.
Until a series of train terminations in the 1950s and early 1960s trains such as the City of Miami (from Chicago), East Coast Champion (from New York City) and the Havana Special (New York City) made stops at Vero Beach. Passenger service ended on July 31, 1968.
The station structure was bought from the Florida East Coast Railway by the Indian River County Historical Society in September 1984 for $1. In December 1984, it moved a short distance from the original location on the east side of the railway tracks on Commerce Avenue to 2336 14th Avenue west of the tracks.
On January 6, 1987, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as the Vero Railroad Station. The building now hosts a county historical exhibit center.
References
External links
Vero Beach Railroad Station on Florida Historical Marker List
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Former Florida East Coast Railway stations
National Register of Historic Places in Indian River County, Florida
Buildings and structures in Vero Beach, Florida
Transportation buildings and structures in Indian River County, Florida
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1903 |
20469044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Leroux | Chris Leroux | Christopher Adam Leroux (born April 14, 1984) is a Canadian former professional baseball pitcher and television personality. He played for the Florida Marlins, Pittsburgh Pirates, and New York Yankees in Major League Baseball (MLB) and for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Leroux also competed for the Canadian national baseball team in international competitions.
Career
Amateur career
Leroux attended St. Joseph Secondary School in Mississauga, Ontario. The Tampa Bay Devil Rays selected Leroux in the ninth round in the 2002 MLB draft, but he did not sign. He attended Winthrop University, where he played college baseball for the Winthrop Eagles baseball team. He also played collegiate summer baseball for the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod League in 2004.
Professional career
Minor leagues
The Florida Marlins selected Leroux in the seventh round of the 2005 MLB draft, and he signed. In 2006, Leroux was assigned to the Greensboro Grasshoppers of the Class A South Atlantic League, where he made three starts before being injured. After a rehab assignment with the Gulf Coast Marlins of the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League, he was assigned to the Jamestown Jammers of the Class A-Short Season New York-Penn League. In 11 total starts, he went 0-4 with a 6.06 earned run average (ERA), striking out 22 in innings pitched. Leroux played 2007 with Greensboro, where in 46 appearances, he went 2-3 with a 4.14 ERA, striking out 76 in innings.
Leroux played 2008 with the Jupiter Hammerheads of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, where in 57 games, he went 6-7 with a 3.65 ERA and one save, striking out 78 in 74 innings. Leroux began 2009 with the Jacksonville Suns of the Class AA Southern League, where he played until he was promoted to the major leagues by the Marlins. He had a few stints with Florida, but spent most of his time in Jacksonville, where in 46 games, he went 5-3 with a 2.70 ERA and two saves, striking out 55 in 60 innings.
Florida Marlins
On May 23, 2009, Leroux was recalled by the Marlins. He made his MLB debut three days later against the Philadelphia Phillies. He was optioned the next day when Brett Carroll was recalled. He rejoined the Marlins when Matt Lindstrom went on the disabled list. In his third appearance, he recorded his first MLB strikeout, which was of Cristian Guzmán. In 5 games with the Marlins, he had a 10.80 ERA with two strikeouts in innings
Leroux opened 2010 with the New Orleans Zephyrs of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League (PCL), but was recalled on April 14. Leroux was placed on the 15-day disabled list on May 19 with a right elbow strain. He missed 26 games, and was subsequently assigned to New Orleans. He was recalled on September 3 when the rosters expanded.
Pittsburgh Pirates
Leroux was claimed off waivers by the Pittsburgh Pirates on September 13, 2010. In 23 games with both teams, he went 0-1 with a 6.75 ERA with 22 strikeouts in innings.
Leroux began 2011 with the Indianapolis Indians of the Class AAA International League, but after a poor start, he was demoted to the Altoona Curve of the Class AA Eastern League. After a 5-game stint with Altoona, he returned to Indianapolis. On July 3, Leroux was recalled to Pittsburgh, replacing Brad Lincoln. He was optioned to Indianapolis on July 22, but was recalled 5 days later, only to be placed on the disabled list with a left calf strain 2 days after that. He was activated from the disabled list on August 22, and remained on the roster for the rest of the season. In 23 games with the Pirates, he went 1–1 with a 2.88 ERA.
Prior to the 2012 season, Leroux was placed on the 60-day DL with a right pectoral strain. He rejoined the club as a September call-up after rehab and an assignment to the AAA Indianapolis Indians. In 10 games with the Pirates, he had a 5.56 ERA with 12 strikeouts in 11.2 innings.
Leroux made the 2013 Opening Day roster with the Pirates, but was designated for assignment on April 12 after pitching in 2 games. He elected free agency on April 17, 2013.
Tokyo Yakult Swallows
On April 23, 2013, Leroux signed with the Tokyo Yakult Swallows of the Central League of Nippon Professional Baseball.
New York Yankees
On January 27, 2014, Leroux signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees. The deal included an invitation to major league spring training. Leroux began the season with the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders of the International League. He made his Yankee debut on April 29, 2014. He was designated for assignment on May 3, 2014. He was called back up by the Yankees on July 23, 2014, but was designated for assignment two days later. He was called back up a third time on August 11, 2014 and again designated for assignment two days later. After the 2014 season, he became a free agent. After pitching two innings, he earned a 22.50 ERA, a loss, and didn't earn a win.
Later career
Leroux signed a minor league deal with the Milwaukee Brewers on January 26, 2015. He began the season with the Colorado Springs Sky Sox of the PCL. On May 18, 2015, he was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies for cash considerations. He spent the rest of the season with the Reading Fightin Phils of the Eastern League and the Lehigh Valley IronPigs of the International League.
On April 3, 2016, Leroux was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays for cash considerations, and assigned to the Buffalo Bisons of the International League. He was released on August 28.
After playing for the Canadian national team in the 2017 World Baseball Classic, Leroux retired from baseball.
International career
He was selected to the Canada national baseball team at the 2009 World Baseball Classic, 2013 World Baseball Classic, 2015 Pan American Games, 2015 WBSC Premier12, 2017 World Baseball Classic, 2019 Pan American Games Qualifier, 2019 Pan American Games and 2019 WBSC Premier12.
Pitching style
Leroux throws three pitches: a four-seam fastball and two-seam fastball in the low-to-mid 90s, and a slider in the low-to-mid 80s. He also used to throw a changeup to left-handed hitters, but he dropped it after the 2011 season to simplify his pitching approach.
Personal life
In 2017, Leroux was cast as the Bachelor on The Bachelor Canada.
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Altoona Curve players
Bachelor Nation contestants
Baseball people from Quebec
Baseball players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Baseball players at the 2019 Pan American Games
Bradenton Marauders players
Canadian expatriate baseball players in Japan
Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States
Canadian people of French descent
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Falmouth Commodores players
Florida Marlins players
Greensboro Grasshoppers players
Gulf Coast Marlins players
Gulf Coast Yankees players
Indianapolis Indians players
Jacksonville Suns players
Jamestown Jammers players
Jupiter Hammerheads players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Canada
Navegantes del Magallanes players
Canadian expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
New York Yankees players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers
Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada
Pan American Games silver medalists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in baseball
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players
Sportspeople from Montreal
Tokyo Yakult Swallows players
Toros del Este players
Canadian expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
Winthrop Eagles baseball players
World Baseball Classic players of Canada
2009 World Baseball Classic players
2013 World Baseball Classic players
2015 WBSC Premier12 players
2017 World Baseball Classic players
2019 WBSC Premier12 players
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2019 Pan American Games |
20469075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobetsu%20Dam | Tobetsu Dam | Tobetsu Dam is a dam currently under construction in Hokkaidō, Japan. It started in 1980 and is scheduled for opening in 2012.
Dams in Hokkaido |
17332896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momoyama-minamiguchi%20Station | Momoyama-minamiguchi Station | is a train station located in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.
Lines
Keihan Electric Railway
Uji Line
History
The station opened on June 1, 1913, simultaneously with the opening of the Uji Line. The station name was changed from in 1949.
Adjacent stations
References
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1913
Railway stations in Kyoto |
17332959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Tomkins | James Tomkins | James Tomkins may refer to:
James Tomkins (MP) (c. 1569–1636), English MP for Leominster
James Tomkins (rower) (born 1965), Australian rower
James Tomkins (footballer) (born 1989), English footballer
See also
James Tompkins (disambiguation) |
6901121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Hits%20Collection%20%28video%29 | The Hits Collection (video) | The Hits Collection is a collection of music videos released in 1993 to accompany the Prince's greatest hits collection, The Hits/The B-Sides. Being a single VHS cassette/DVD, the collection is only an hour long and excludes many tracks from the audio release. Many of his biggest hits like "When Doves Cry", "Batdance", "U Got the Look", "Let's Go Crazy" and "Purple Rain" were left off the collection, while the karaoke-style video for "Sign o' the Times" was included. The collection included some of Prince's earliest videos, which are rarely seen on television.
Track listing
"Peach" (directed by Parris Patton)
"Uptown" (director unknown)
"1999" (directed by Bruce Gowers)
"Alphabet St." (directed by Patrick Epstein)
"Sign o' the Times" (directed by Bill Konersman)
"Diamonds and Pearls" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Controversy" (directed by Bruce Gowers)
"Dirty Mind" (director unknown)
"I Wanna Be Your Lover" (director unknown)
"Little Red Corvette" (directed by Bryan Greenberg)
"I Would Die 4 U" (directed by Paul Becher)
"Raspberry Beret" (directed by Prince)
"Kiss" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Cream" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"7" (directed by Sotera Tschetter)
References
External links
Review at dvd.net.au
1993 video albums
Prince (musician) video albums
Music video compilation albums |
17332967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowata%20Station | Kowata Station | is a train station located in Uji, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, on the Keihan Electric Railway Uji Line.
Layout
The station has two side platforms.
Surroundings
Panasonic Electronic Devices Co., Ltd. (Capacitor Business Unit)
Kohata Shrine
Kyoto Animation Studio 2
Kohata Station on the JR West Nara Line
Adjacent stations
Railway stations in Kyoto Prefecture |
6901126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overture%20%28disambiguation%29 | Overture (disambiguation) | An overture is the instrumental introduction to a dramatic, choral or, occasionally, instrumental composition.
Overture may also refer to:
Companies
Overture Networks, multi-national manufacturer of networking and telecommunications equipment
Overture Films theatrical motion picture production & distribution company
Overture Services, an Internet search engine company acquired by Yahoo! in 2003
Films
Overture (1958 film), a 1958 Canadian documentary film
Overture (1965 film), a 1965 Hungarian documentary film
The Overture, a 2004 Thai musical-drama film
Music
"Overture" (Def Leppard song), the last track on Def Leppard's debut album On Through The Night (1980)
"Overture" (The Who song), a song by The Who from the 1969 rock opera Tommy
"Overture", a song from Irving Berlin's musical Annie Get Your Gun, starring Dolores Gray as Annie Oakley
"Overture", a song from Patrick Wolf's album The Magic Position (2007)
"Overture", the instrumental introduction of Rush's song "2112" from the album of the same name, released in 1976
"Overture 1928", the second track from Dream Theater's fifth studio album, Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes From A Memory
"Overture" (Bruckner), an orchestral composition by Anton Bruckner
"Overture", a 2015 song by AJR on their album Living Room
"Overture", a 2017 song by AJR on their album The Click
”Overture”, a 2010 song by Martin O’Donnell on the soundtrack of Halo: Reach
Other uses
Toussaint Louverture (1743–1803), leader of the Haitian Revolution
Overture (novel), a 2018 novel by Zlatko Topčić
Overture (video game), a 2015 action-adventure game
Overture Center, a performing arts center and art gallery in Madison, Wisconsin
Penumbra: Overture, a survival horror PC video game, the first installment of the Penumbra series by Frictional Games
"Rozen Maiden ouvertüre", a two-episode special that is part of the Rozen Maiden anime series.
Overture (software), notation software developed by Sonic Scores
Boom Overture, a supersonic jet airliner expected to be introduced around 2029 |
20469076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20Issue%20%28EP%29 | Hot Issue (EP) | Hot Issue is the second Korean EP by South Korean boy band Big Bang, released under YG Entertainment.
Big Bang's first EP after Always further established the group's popularity in South Korea, with the single "Last Farewell" topping online charts for 8 consecutive weeks, sold over 5 million digital downloads. The group's leader, the then 20-year-old G-Dragon produced and wrote the lyrics for all tracks on Hot Issue. "Last Farewell" is a blend of trance hip-hop beats and pop melodies. The song also features rapping by G-Dragon and T.O.P and melodic vocals from Taeyang, Daesung, and Seungri. "Crazy Dog" features synthesizers and a sampling from the Seo Taiji and Boys song "In My Fantasy." "Last Farewell" won several awards, including Song of the Month at Cyworld Digital Music Awards.
The EP sold over a 120,000 copies in South Korea.
Track listing
Sample credits
"But I Love U" contains a sample of "Rhu of Redd Holt Unlimited" by Paula
"Crazy Dog" contains a sample of "You In the Fantasy" (hangul: 환상 속의 그대; rr: Huansang Sogae Goodae) by Seo Taiji & Boys
References
External links
Big Bang Official Site
Big Bang (South Korean band) EPs
2007 EPs
YG Entertainment EPs
Korean-language EPs
Albums produced by G-Dragon |
44496287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith%20Tyberg | Judith Tyberg | Judith Tyberg (1902–1980) was an American yogi ("Jyotipriya") and a renowned Sanskrit scholar and orientalist. Author of The Language of the Gods and two other reputed texts on Sanskrit, she was the founder and guiding spirit of the East-West Cultural Center in Los Angeles, California, a major pioneering door through which now-celebrated Indian yogis and spiritual teachers of many Eastern and mystical traditions were first introduced to America and the West.
Early life as a theosophist at Point Loma
Judith Marjorie Tyberg was born on May 16, 1902, at Point Loma, the "California Utopia", which was the new world headquarters of the Theosophical Society. Katherine Tingley, world president, founded "Lomaland" in 1898 and Tyberg's Danish theosophist parents, Marjorie and Olaf Tyberg, were among the first joiners. In 1900, Tingley founded the Raja Yoga School. Tyberg recalled how, as young children, they were instructed in the works of the world's great religious and spiritual traditions and were inspired to seek "Truth, Justice, Wisdom ... more knowledge, more light". Early on, Tyberg displayed a serious and philosophical nature and a vocation for education. Madame Tingley called her "one of my true raja yogis". Tyberg grew up, studied, lived and taught at Point Loma until its closing in 1942, and it was in this context that she knew orientalist Walter Evans-Wentz and Paul Brunton.
She received all her educational degrees from the Theosophical University: a B.A. degree in Higher Mathematics and Languages (Latin, Greek, Hebrew, German, Dutch, French, Spanish, Danish and Swedish); an M.A. in Religion and Philosophy with a specialization in Oriental Thought; and a B.Th and M.Th in Sacred Scriptures and Ancient Civilizations, with a focus on the Bible and Kabbalah. Tyberg began her study of Sanskrit in 1930 with Gottfried de Purucker and received a Ph.D. in Sanskritic studies. She became a member of the American Oriental Society.
While still a teenager, Tyberg began her teaching career at the Raja Yoga School. She held the post of Assistant Principal of the Raja Yoga School from 1932 to 1935, became head of its Sanskrit and Oriental Division in 1940, and served as Dean of Studies as well as Trustee of the Theosophical University from 1935 to 1945. Starting in the late 1930s, she authored numerous articles on spirituality and consciousness for The Theosophical Forum magazine, including The Sacred Texts of the Gupta-Vidya, Possibilities of the Kali Yuga, Hinduism & Buddhism, Where are your haunts of Consciousness? In 1934, Tyberg joined the team set up by de Purucker to create an encyclopedia of spiritual vocabulary used in theosophy, drawing from Greek, Chinese, Kabbalist, Zoroastrian, Hindu, and Buddhist texts. Tyberg's contribution was the exposition of over 2,000 terms.
First Sanskrit works
Tyberg translated the Hymn to the Origin of the World from the Rig Veda and collated, edited and prefaced Charles Johnston's 1946 translation of Shankaracharya's Crest-Jewel of Wisdom. In 1940, Tyberg published Sanskrit Keys to the Wisdom Religion, an exposition of over 500 Sanskrit terms used in religious, occult and theosophical literature. This was a groundbreaking work by virtue of its content and its innovative printing technology, as it was the first time anywhere, including India, that the ancient form of Sanskrit was linotyped. Tyberg, in collaboration with Geoffrey Baborka, chief linotype operator at the Theosophical University Press, transformed a modern Sanskrit keyboard into a keyboard for the ancient form of the
Devanagari alphabet, composed of dozens of matrices. Tyberg's view of Sanskrit's importance was quoted by the Los Angeles Times: "Not only are the languages used on the European and American continents deficient in words dealing with spirit, but many of the English words that do have spiritual connotations are so weighty with false and dogmatic beliefs that it is difficult to convey an exact meaning to all ... while Sanskrit expresses the inner mysteries of the soul and spirit, the many after-death states, the origin and destiny of worlds and men and human psychology." In 1941, Tyberg continued using her linotype innovation for the publication of the first edition of her First Lessons in Sanskrit Grammar. This was a revision of James R. Ballantyne's 1851 grammar, which Tyberg prepared in conjunction with Lawrence A. Ware of Iowa State University. Throughout her life, she reworked this text several times, subsequently republishing it in 1950, 1961, and 1977.
India and meeting with Sri Aurobindo
In 1946, due to a schism within the California theosophical movement, Tyberg resigned from her dean and trustee positions at Point Loma. After a brief period of teaching at the University of Southern California, she went out on her own and opened a Sanskrit center and bookshop in Glendale, California. There, she taught Indian philosophy, religion, languages and culture. She continued lecturing at universities and associations, thus developing both her reputation and a large network of contacts with other orientalists.
In 1946, Tyberg attended a lecture at the University of Southern California given by S. Radhakrishnan, then Vice-Chancellor of Benares Hindu University, following which Tyberg applied for a Sanskrit research scholarship at BHU. In her application letter and scholarship request, she stated: "I have decided to give my life to the spreading of the beautiful teachings and religious philosophy as found in Sanskrit scriptures ... and I would have the West illumined by its perfect philosophy." Explaining the "small means" earned from her teaching and lecturing, and her "simple way of living", she also expressed her belief that "when one dares and goes ahead with an unselfish heart and is convinced that the work is for the progress of humanity, help does come." The response was a three-year scholarship at the Oriental Division of Benares Hindu University, and Tyberg was made an honorary member of the All India Arya Dharma Seva Sangha.
Tyberg arrived at BHU in June 1947. At her first meeting, Tyberg chose the Vedic religious hymns for her Master's thesis topic. After a twenty-five-year study of humanity's sacred scriptures and seventeen years of Sanskrit, she was convinced that a deep but undiscovered spiritual secret was encrypted in the Vedas' archaic, complex language and that Western explanations of the texts were "nonsense". But, while the Vedas were accepted as the fount of India's spiritual culture, the current view, including in India, held that they were an interesting but "obscure, confused and barbarous hymnal". Tyberg's surprise and disappointment was great when she was thus informed that even the scholars at BHU knew of no one who could help her find this secret, if it even existed. She was advised to change her research topic.
Professor Arabinda Basu, then a young lecturer, overheard this exchange. He followed a crestfallen Tyberg into the corridor, quietly told her that there was someone who could help her and then gave her an as-yet unpublished manuscript of The Secret of the Veda by Sri Aurobindo, the revolutionary who, after a series of mystical experiences, renounced politics and founded an ashram in Pondicherry. Tyberg stayed up all night reading, and the next morning, told Basu that she'd found the object of her lifelong search for truth. On his advice, she wrote to Sri Aurobindo, asking for permission to come to see him.
The invitation that followed led Tyberg to spend two months in the Sri Aurobindo Ashram in Autumn 1947. On November 24, one of the four days annually when Sri Aurobindo broke his seclusion, Tyberg did her reverence to Sri Aurobindo and to his spiritual collaborator Mirra Alfassa, a Frenchwoman known as "The Mother". Tyberg's diary recorded her experience: "I just felt God", "electric forces", "stretched out to infinity", and "I really knew what was my soul." In a private audience with The Mother, Judith Tyberg asked to receive a spiritual name, which was chosen by Sri Aurobindo himself: "Jyotipriya, the lover of Light".
Back in Benares, Tyberg continued her studies in Sanskrit, Hindi, Pali, the Gita, the Upanishads, the Brahma Sutras, the Vedantic systems of philosophy and modern Indian thought, leading to an M.A. in Indian Religion and Philosophy. In March 1949, she wrote to Sri Aurobindo and The Mother: "I received the news that I had passed First Class in the M.A. examinations and had made a record for the university.... For the question 'State clearly and briefly the philosophical and religious views of Sri Aurobindo', I answered fully and enjoyed pouring out my soul in it."
Many eminent Indians, political leaders and yoga masters alike, were impressed with Tyberg's scholarship and her feeling for Indian culture: Mahatma Gandhi, Maulana Azad, V. K. Gokak, B. L. Atreya, Anandamayi Ma, Ramana Maharshi, Sri Ramdas, and Krishna Prem, and at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram: Kapali Shastri, Indra Sen, Sisir Mitra, Prithvi Singh, and former freedom fighters-turned-yogis Nolini Kanta Gupta and A.B. Purani, friends she referred to as "the cream of Hindu culture". Tyberg spent a week with the sage Ramana Maharshi at his Arunachala ashram where he told her "You're already realized, you just don't know it." Another lifelong friend was Swami Sivananda alongside whom Tyberg served as India's representative to the 1948 World University Round Table. Tyberg was the first President of the International Students Union, founded by S. Radhakrishnan, who called her "a real force in international understanding". Professor T.R.V. Murti declared "I am convinced that you are destined to play an important role in bringing the West and the East together on a spiritual plane."
In Autumn 1949, Tyberg went back to Pondicherry for a six-month stay as a disciple at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram. During her two years in India, Tyberg had kept up regular correspondence with an extensive network of American seekers. When certain people criticized this as unyogic, Tyberg asked The Mother for her view. Her reply was "How do you think the Divine works if he doesn't work through people like you?" and she repeated what she'd told Tyberg at their very first meeting: "You have chosen it, to serve, long ago." After a final reverence to Sri Aurobindo on February 21, 1950, Tyberg recorded her impressions: "Vast deep calm with a mighty wisdom ... his consciousness seemed infinite ... such currents!"
The American Academy of Asian Studies
In April 1950, Tyberg took the boat from Calcutta to California, which included a stop in Hawaii. There she met her old Benares friend Charles Moore and discussed the results of his 1949 East–West Convention of Philosophers. From this, she gathered ideas for an approach to Sri Aurobindo that might readily appeal to the Western mind. Her arrival in Los Angeles was met with enthusiasm, and in just the first two weeks, she gave over ten lectures to more than 1,000 attendees. A similarly packed schedule was organized in San Francisco, where she received an enthusiastic reception at Stanford University. America was eager for "the uncensored truth about India" and, in Tyberg's words, California was "just teeming with interest in Sri Aurobindo". Then, in 1951, Tyberg was invited to join the faculty of the newly founded American Academy of Asian Studies in San Francisco. The AAAS was the first graduate university devoted to Asian culture, and was considered one of the "principal roots" of the 1960s' "San Francisco Renaissance". Tyberg held the professorship of Sanskrit alongside an international group of colleagues that included Alan Watts, Haridas Chaudhuri, and Dilipkumar Roy. Chaudhuri and Roy were fellow "ardent Aurobindonians" as was Director of Studies, Frederic Spiegelberg, who held Sri Aurobindo to be "the prophet of our age". Spiegelberg highly regarded Tyberg for her teaching approach, which took "Sanscrit as a life force underlying Indian thinking, past and present", and praised her "superior teaching abilities ... the way in which she understood to make every single class meeting a vitally interesting one". As an instructor in a Summer 1952 seminar on Modern India at San Francisco State College, Tyberg's teaching was noted as "exceptionally effective": "It is perfectly clear that she commands a tremendous range of knowledge and insight into the workings of modern Indian society based on both direct experience and extensive study." Tyberg also taught as a lecturer at Stanford University.
The East–West Cultural Center
After two years at the AAAS, Tyberg returned to Los Angeles, where on May 1, 1953, she founded the East–West Cultural Center. In line with Sri Aurobindo's dictum "The Knowledge that unites is the true Knowledge." Tyberg intended the EWCC to be a "broad and non-sectarian" forum for building cultural reciprocity between East and West as well as presenting a variety of aspects of spiritual life. She single-handedly conducted classes in Sanskrit, Hindi, Pali, and Greek, studies in comparative religion and sacred scriptures, and the yoga of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother. Tyberg organized guest lectures on Indian art and culture, dramatic readings from Indian literary classics, concerts and dance performances. She inaugurated an Oriental Library and bookshop with resources on India's many yogic paths. In the isolationist atmosphere of the Korean War, where "those interested in spiritual things are very much in the minority", her activities were pioneering.
From 1953 to 1973, Tyberg also operated "The East West Cultural Center School for Creatively Gifted Children", which received full accreditation by the Los Angeles and California school boards. The school promised cultivating "aesthetic and studious habits". In an echo of her Raja Yoga school training, Tyberg aimed at inspiring children with "the highest ideals" by focusing on their "god-like qualities". Tyberg singlehandedly taught all school subjects, as well as music theory and piano. Many of her graduates were accepted by leading colleges as much as two years in advance of public school students, and Tyberg's school is remembered by them as "a wonderful and unique opportunity".
When the Cold War Fifties gave way to the New Age Sixties, the many years of Tyberg's avant-garde efforts burst into bloom. With her "My Search for Universality" talks, she was hailed as "one of the South-land's great women leaders and lecturers". The East-West Cultural Center became known as the focal point for Southern California's spiritual activity and its auditorium on Sunday afternoons was the first US launching pad for yogis who went on to have "a huge impact on modern Yoga": Swamis Muktananda, Satchidananda, Chidananda, Ramdas and Mother Mirabai, Sikh, Sufi, and Buddhist masters from Sri Lanka, Japan, and Cambodia, as well as Indian cultural and political leaders. Tyberg invited noted Western mystics, occultists and astrologers such as Dane Rudhyar and Marie de Vrahnes from Lourdes as well as early health food proponents such as Bernard Jensen. Famed dancers Ruth St. Denis and Indira Devi performed on the EWCC's stage in those early years of America's spiritual flowering. It was Tyberg who arranged Swami Vishnudevananda's Los Angeles program during the time he was also a subject of the early medical research on the effects of meditation, conducted at the University of California, Los Angeles. American hatha yoga exponent Ganga White was one of the young seekers attracted to Tyberg's center. When, on February 28, 1968, The Mother inaugurated the new international spiritual township of Auroville, Tyberg was an ardent supporter of this spiritual adventure and served as an essential informational and connecting link.
Tyberg was known for her "high ethical and spiritual ideals" and for her upright and "high-minded" character. Indian gurus sent their disciples to see her to "be benefited". However, if there was any insincerity or misrepresentation of India's spiritual light, Tyberg would be categorical and cut off all aid and connections immediately. "Never speaking against anyone, she would simply say 'I cannot disclose my reasons, but I assure you they are genuine.'" Part of her challenge and pedagogy was to lead seekers to be able to distinguish between low-level and often fraudulent "psychic phenomena" and the "true psychic" in Sri Aurobindo's description – the conscious evolution godwards of the soul. Anandamayi Ma dictated a 1959 message to Tyberg saying "how very pleased" she was about Tyberg's activities. Swami Sivananda wrote: "I greatly admire the solid work that you do for the spiritual good of mankind in a silent manner. This is dynamic Yoga. The whole of America will be grateful to you."
For Tyberg, the high point of the week was her Thursday evening spiritual satsangs where the focus was the in-depth teachings of Sri Aurobindo and The Mother, in her words "the highest path offered". She wrote to The Mother: "You must know how happy I am to have something so genuine to offer those seeking truth.... I just must share my great happiness and blessing with others." When she spoke, she said she felt a force that would come down in "great swirls" from above her head and get her "centralized to speak". A long-time devotee explained that Tyberg "did not interpret or ever become vague, or indulge in clichés, but seemed to identify so completely with Sri Aurobindo and The Mother that one felt continually their presence" and how during meditations with Tyberg "the force was so powerful' that his body would bend.
In her private office, Tyberg kept a framed personal message from the Mother: "For you who have realised your soul and seek the integral yoga, to help the others is the best way of helping yourself. Indeed, if you are sincere you will soon discover that each of their failures is a sure sign of a corresponding deficiency in yourself, the proof that something in you is not perfect enough to be all-powerful." There are strong indications in Tyberg's letter to the Mother of March 8, 1956, that she was one of the very few to have felt The Mother's February 29 Supramental Descent experience.
"The Language of the Gods" and the last years
One of Tyberg's last works was The Drama of Integral Self-Realization, an illuminating and stirring summary of Sri Aurobindo's spiritual epic poem, Savitri, which appeared as a chapter in the 1960 publication, The Integral Philosophy of Sri Aurobindo: A Commemorative Symposium, edited by Haridas Chaudhari and Frederic Spiegelberg. In 1970, Tyberg published The Language of the Gods, her culminating opus on Sanskrit's "wisdom-treasury". This, along with her accompanying Sanskrit pronunciation tapes, capped 45 years of Sanskrit teaching and scholarship. Tyberg dedicated it "In Reverent Memory of Sri Aurobindo" and wrote in her preface: "In this age when men are responding to a spiritual need for unity and brotherhood among all the nations of the world, we find a spiritual vocabulary being drawn from the rich treasury of Sanskrit terminology because these words are already ripe with truths divine." In her "Plan of Study Recommended", Tyberg specified: "a stress has been given to the verb-roots of the words, for they are the essential carriers of the meaning of the words as originating in the spiritual element of the Universe" and in this way the student can "get at the real meaning of the word, free from the loaded implications that so many words have come to possess because of religious dogma and a misunderstanding due to lack of spiritual experience".
The book had a double introduction, by both B. L. Atreya and V. K. Gokak. Atreya praised the unique combination of Sanskrit and Hinduism, while Gokak lauded Tyberg's "ceaseless search for Truth" and her "burning desire to communicate to other aspirants what vision of Reality she herself attained through her study" of the mystical and philosophical terms which "help us to map out precisely the realms of the superconscient in man". The work was widely reviewed in India: The Indian Libertarian wrote: "Dr. Tyberg has woven for us a magnificent fabric of primary source materials of the highest authority," and The Indian Review hailed the "novel approach and sincerity of scholarship" ending with the words "Dr. Tyberg has laid all lovers of Sanskrit under a debt of gratitude." In Mother India, Sanat K. Banerji admired Tyberg's "boldness and originality" and particularly commended three major innovations: "within a reasonable compass, practically all the important terms that a students of (India's) most valuable works is likely to come across", the relating of "technical terms to the verbal roots from which they are derived" and the "signal service" that he felt must be emphasized: "Vedic interpretation has long suffered at the hands of scholars wholly ignorant of the spiritual endeavours the Vedas were meant to enshrine. The author has a valuable chapter on the Vedas and their spiritual meaning ... compiled from Sri Aurobindo's monumental work on the subject." The review finished with the words: "Dr. Tyberg has justified the name Jyotipriya given her by Sri Aurobindo."
In 1972, Tyberg's finances finally permitted a last trip to see The Mother on the occasion of the Sri Aurobindo Centenary celebrations. Despite the constant arthritic pain that afflicted her body, Tyberg kept "cheerfully going on" as she often said, managing the EWCC's rich diversity of activities while continuing to provide spiritual teaching and personal counselling, always for free. She accepted new professorships: at the College of Oriental Studies (1973), as Emeritus Staff Professor of Buddhist Studies at the Buddha Dharma University (1973), and as Professor of Sanskrit and Hinduism for the Goddard College Graduate Field Faculty (1975). One academic reference attested "Tyberg's lectures were distinguished by wide reading and research; and even more than this, she imparted to her students and hearers the spiritual aroma and inspiration of the great philosophical schools of the East." Tyberg often said that it was in the joy of teaching that she transcended all pain.
In 1978, Tyberg was able to make the ultimate mortgage repayment on the EWCC building and drew up a "guidance" letter of ideals and principles for EWCC's new Board of Directors "as the New Age unfolds": "This Center is not a business or a sect or a popular or social activity. It is a service to the Divine to share and unite the best aspects of the spiritual and religious, philosophical and cultural and healing arts of the East and West for uplifting and leading to a Divine Life on Earth.... May it continue to grow thus spontaneously with Divine backing with no catering to lower standards for attracting money."
Judith Tyberg expired on October 3, 1980. After a life where she sought "long service ... in search of truth, beauty and joy to share with all", her final aspiration was "the speedy return of my soul to the Divine ... so I may return again to serve the Light." Her Sanskrit books continue to be used as basic texts in Sanskrit classes, and the East West Cultural Center, the child of Tyberg's decades of pioneering and dedicated service, continues to exist as the Sri Aurobindo Center of Los Angeles.
References
Bibliography
1902 births
1980 deaths
People from Los Angeles
American yoga teachers
American Sanskrit scholars
American Indologists
American Theosophists
Sri Aurobindo
20th-century translators |
6901129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Mendoza | Arthur Mendoza | Arthur Mendoza is an American stage actor and acting coach. He has taught in Los Angeles for more than 20 years and has worked with such talents as Khandi Alexander, Sasha Barrese, Peta Wilson, Finola Hughes, Branford Marsalis, Deidre Hall, and John Jopson after he won a scholarship to the Conservatory. He has performed in more than 124 plays and worked on television and in film, including episodes of Falcon Crest and Our House and the film Deep Cover.
Education
Mendoza earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from University of California, Riverside, and an MFA from University of California, San Diego. He studied with Stella Adler for 10 years before becoming the founding principal instructor at her studio in Hollywood.
Career
Mendoza is the founder, artistic director and principal acting instructor at the Actors Circle Theatre in Los Angeles, California. He has directed productions at the Actors Circle Theatre, including The Glass Menagerie.
Mendoza coaches at the Santa Monica Playhouse, continuing his and Stella Adler's legacy of the Stanislavsky Method, finding an indirect pathway to emotional expression via physical action.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
American male stage actors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of California, Riverside alumni
University of California, San Diego alumni
American acting coaches
People from Loma Linda, California |
23573057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avery%20Bradley | Avery Bradley | Avery Antonio Bradley Jr. (born November 26, 1990) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Texas Longhorns before being drafted 19th overall by the Boston Celtics in the 2010 NBA draft. With the Celtics, he was twice recognized as an NBA All-Defensive Team member. Bradley has also played for the Detroit Pistons, Los Angeles Clippers, Memphis Grizzlies, Miami Heat, and Houston Rockets.
Early life
Bradley was born on November 26, 1990, in Tacoma, Washington, to Avery Bradley Sr. and Alicia Jones-Bradley. He has two older brothers, one older sister, and one younger brother. His mother worked in a welfare office, while his father had a 22-year military career. After the two divorced in 2001, Bradley lived with his mother but maintained a strong relationship with his father, whose career took him all over the country. He became a Texas Longhorns fan when he lived in Arlington from 2001 to 2004. He and his family left Texas for Tacoma in the summer of 2004, before the start of his eighth grade year. Bradley played on the same AAU team as future Celtics teammate Isaiah Thomas.
High school career
Bradley was ranked among the top high school basketball players in the class of 2009. ESPNU 100 rated him No. 1 nationally, and he was rated No. 4 by Rivals.com and No. 5 by Scout.com. Bradley propelled Findlay College Prep to the National High School Basketball championship game against Oak Hill Academy, winning the contest 56–53. After leading Findlay to the title, Bradley was named National High School Basketball Player of the Year by Parade Magazine. He played against the nation's best high school players at the 2009 McDonald's All-American Game and won the McDonald's All-American Dunk Contest. Before transferring to Findlay Prep for his senior campaign, Bradley was a three-year starter at Bellarmine Preparatory School in Tacoma, Washington; and he, together with University of Washington recruit Abdul Gaddy, led Bellarmine Prep to the Class 4A State Semifinals with a 25–4 mark as a junior.
College career
Bradley attended the University of Texas at Austin. Bradley found the Texas Longhorns basketball program appealing in part because he had spent parts of his childhood in Arlington, where he became a fan of T. J. Ford.
As a freshman in 2009–10, Bradley averaged 11.6 points for the Longhorns and established himself as one of the top defensive guards in the country. He subsequently earned Big 12 All-Rookie Team and All-Big 12 Honorable Mention honors.
In April 2010, Bradley declared for the NBA draft, forgoing his final three years of college eligibility.
Professional career
Boston Celtics (2010–2011)
Bradley was selected with the 19th overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics. On July 2, 2010, he signed his rookie scale contract with the Celtics. The same day, he underwent successful ankle surgery and subsequently missed the 2010 NBA Summer League.
Still just 19 years old, Bradley joined a Celtics team that was one of the best in the Eastern Conference. He did not see his first regular season action until the fourteenth game of the season, a 23-point win over the Atlanta Hawks in which Bradley scored two points and committed two turnovers. On January 14, 2011, Bradley was assigned to the Maine Red Claws of the NBA Development League and on the same day made his debut game for the team, playing 21 minutes and scoring 11 points. Following a spinal cord injury to Marquis Daniels during a game against the Orlando Magic on February 6, 2011, Bradley was recalled by the Boston Celtics on February 7, and joined the team for the game against the Charlotte Bobcats.
In the one Celtics game of Bradley's rookie season in which he played more than 15 minutes, Bradley scored 20 points to go with three rebounds, two assists and two steals. However, he played ten or more minutes in just two other NBA games and did not appear in any of the Celtics' postseason contests. On June 30, 2011, the Celtics exercised their third-year team option on Bradley's rookie scale contract, extending the contract through the 2012–13 season.
Hapoel Jerusalem (2011)
In October 2011, Bradley signed with Hapoel Jerusalem of the Israeli Basketball Premier League for the duration of the NBA lockout. He played three games with the team, averaging 13.7 points per game.
Return to Boston (2011–2017)
2011–12 season
During the 2011–12 NBA season, Bradley enjoyed much more playing time and was promoted to a starting role following an injury to Ray Allen. Bradley's scoring output increased significantly during the season, and he managed a career-high 28 points against the Atlanta Hawks on April 20, 2012. He also received praise for his tremendous hustle and defense, including memorable blocks on Dwyane Wade and Russell Westbrook, among others. However, Bradley suffered a dislocated shoulder during the 2012 NBA Playoffs. This injury, which led to season-ending surgery, was a significant setback to the Celtics, who lost in seven games to the Miami Heat in the Conference Finals.
2012–13 season
On October 30, 2012, the Celtics exercised their fourth-year team option on Bradley's rookie scale contract, extending the contract through the 2013–14 season. With Bradley still sidelined for the beginning of the 2012–13 NBA season, the aging Celtics struggled with the duo of Courtney Lee and Jason Terry receiving the majority of minutes at shooting guard. On January 2, 2013, Bradley returned to action against the Memphis Grizzlies, regaining his spot as the starting shooting guard and providing a significant boost to the team, evident by their winning six out of Bradley's first seven games back. However, the season was ultimately a disappointment for both Bradley and the Celtics. Although he led the league in fewest points per play allowed on defense, at 0.697, he struggled offensively, shooting just 40.2 percent from the field and managing 15 or more points just five times in 50 regular-season games. The Celtics lost any realistic chance of contention when point guard Rajon Rondo went down with a torn ACL on January 27, leaving them without their most dynamic player. After falling behind three games to none against the New York Knicks in the first round of the playoffs, Boston mounted a furious comeback, winning two games and narrowly losing Game 6. Bradley, whose play in the series had mirrored the ineffectiveness of the team, provided a gutsy effort at the end of the game, making all four of his shots and stealing the ball three times in the last ten minutes. The Celtics entered the offseason with an eye toward the future and Bradley a vital part of their plans to rebuild a contender.
2013–14 season
The Celtics ended an era on the day of the 2013 NBA draft, trading aging stars Kevin Garnett and Paul Pierce, as well as Jason Terry and D. J. White, to the Brooklyn Nets. The Celtics also declined to sign Bradley to a contract extension before the October 31, 2013, deadline, allowing him to become a restricted free agent in 2014. However, new Celtics coach Brad Stevens professed his trust in Bradley, who, in the absence of the injured Rondo, began the 2013–14 NBA season as the team's starting point guard. Bradley's time at point guard lasted just four disappointing games; he had more turnovers than assists, and the Celtics lost all four times. In an effort to turn the team around, Stevens named Jordan Crawford the new point guard, allowing Bradley to move to his natural shooting guard. The move worked brilliantly, as the Celtics immediately went on a four-game winning streak and the more comfortable Bradley settled nicely into his role on the team. Although the Celtics' lack of talent and experience began to show itself as the season went along, particularly with Rondo still out, Bradley was a rare bright spot, increasing his scoring average every month through January. He was especially effective in December, shooting a fantastic 50 percent on three-pointers and making 48.7 percent of his shots overall. Unfortunately, on January 21, in just the third game all season that Rondo was active, Bradley sprained his right ankle and ended up missing five contests. Shortly after returning, on February 5, he re-sprained the same ankle. Determined to be cautious, Stevens still had not set a return date for Bradley as the Celtics headed into the All-Star break more than a week later.
Bradley ultimately returned to action on March 14. In his fourth game back, a win over the Miami Heat, he connected on a career-high six three-pointers as part of a 23-point effort, then followed it up with 28 points, matching his career high, the next game. When healthy, Bradley played significant minutes and played effectively in the final stretch of the season, scoring at least 18 points in the team's last five games. Bradley shouldered a higher percentage of the offensive workload for Celtics in 2013–14, and he responded by greatly improving his shooting from the previous season. In a rebuilding year for the team, one that saw them win only 25 games, Bradley stood out as one of their few consistent performers.
2014–15 season
With Bradley set to become a restricted free agent in July 2014, the Celtics needed to extend a qualifying offer of $3.6 million in order to be able to match any contract offered by another team, which they did on June 30. On July 15, Bradley re-signed with the Celtics to a four-year, $32 million contract. Although the Celtics had high hopes for their backcourt pairing of Bradley and Rajon Rondo, both now healthy, they were soon dealt a setback when Rondo broke his hand a month before the 2014–15 season. Although the team planned to be cautious with Rondo's injury, Brad Stevens made the decision to keep Bradley at shooting guard even with Rondo out, with a mix of rookie Marcus Smart, second-year guard Phil Pressey and new acquisition Evan Turner playing point guard.
Despite the concerns, Rondo ultimately surprised many by being ready for opening night. Bradley continued to play harassing defense and scored in double digits in 13 of the team's first 15 games, including a career-high 32 points in a loss to the Dallas Mavericks. The Celtics, however, struggled to a 4–11 start. Meanwhile, Bradley's offense cooled off in December, as he shot just 39 percent from the field for that month and made just 1-of-21 three-point attempts over a six-game stretch. Faced with a 9–14 record on December 18, Celtics President of Basketball Operations Danny Ainge made the difficult decision to part with Rondo, trading him and rookie Dwight Powell to the Dallas Mavericks for Brandan Wright, Jae Crowder, Jameer Nelson and two draft picks. Pundits such as Bill Simmons and Jalen Rose portrayed the trade as a surrender to a mediocrity, with the hopes of getting a high draft pick at season's end, and the Celtics continued to struggle after Rondo's exit.
However, under the tutelage of Brad Stevens, and with the help of trade acquisition Isaiah Thomas, the young Celtics gradually improved. After failing to post winning records in November, December or January, they did so in February, March and April, and won eight of the season's last nine games. Bradley's offensive output was especially effective in February, as he managed over 18 points per game in the month while shooting 47 percent from the field and over 40 percent from three-point range. Although a shoulder injury sidelined him for three games between March 6 and 9, he returned to score 17 points against the Memphis Grizzlies on March 11. For the regular season, Bradley led the Celtics in minutes played and points, although his points per game and shooting percentages declined slightly from 2013 to 2014. A 40–42 record saw the Celtics earn the seventh seed in the Eastern Conference. Their playoff series was brief, as the eventual conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers swept the Celtics 4–0. Bradley played 40 out of the 48 minutes in the last game of the series, but his 16 points was not enough to overcome LeBron James and the Cavaliers. Nevertheless, the 2014–15 season was a surprise success for the Celtics and another solid year, and a relatively healthy year, for Bradley.
2015–16 season
Fresh off of their first playoff appearance in the Brad Stevens era, the Celtics entered 2015–16 campaign eager to prove that it had not been a fluke. Acquiring veteran forwards David Lee and Amir Johnson to fortify their frontcourt, the team also hoped to see the continued improvement of their promising young players, including Marcus Smart and Jared Sullinger. They started the year off slow, winning just one of their first four. Bradley provided a rare highlight, however, throwing down a tremendous dunk on reigning Defensive Player of the Year Kawhi Leonard. After missing two games with a calf injury, Bradley returned to action as a sixth man after starting 224 of 226 Celtics games in which he was healthy. He excelled in his new role, improving his scoring, efficiency and defensive rating. Bradley soon returned to the starting lineup on November 22 and proved himself highly capable in either role, immediately managing two games in a row with at least 25 points and 13 in a row with at least 10 points.
Bradley missed three games in early January with a hip injury, and upon his return, the Celtics emerged as one of the top teams in the Eastern Conference. Bradley contributed a number of memorable performances. On January 27, he scored 21 of his season-high tying 27 points in the first half of the Celtics' 111–103 win over the Denver Nuggets. On February 5, he connected on a game-winning three-pointer to give Boston a 104–103 win over the Eastern Conference-leading Cleveland Cavaliers. On February 29, he blocked a shot from Utah Jazz forward Gordon Hayward with 23 seconds left in the game to give the Celtics a win. For the season, Bradley was his team's second leading scorer, behind only All-Star Isaiah Thomas.
With a 48–34 record, the Celtics finished the regular season in a four-way tie for the third seed in Eastern Conference and were assigned the fifth seed based on tiebreaker rules. Drawing the Atlanta Hawks in the first round of the playoffs, the Celtics narrowly lost in Game 1, as Bradley scored 18 points but went down in the fourth quarter with an apparent right hamstring injury. The injury turned out to be serious enough to sideline Bradley for the rest of the series, which turned out to be a crippling blow for the Celtics. They were considerably outplayed by the Hawks in his absence, particularly on offense, and lost the series in six games. However, Bradley's sixth NBA season was both an individual and team success, capped off when he was included in the NBA All-Defensive First Team.
2016–17 season
Bradley and the Celtics both continued to improve in 2016–17. Beginning with an opening night 17-point performance that included 3 of 4 three-point shooting, Bradley enjoyed his most effective offensive season, although injuries limited him to just 55 games. Starting every game he played, Bradley was remarkably consistent, with double digit scoring in 50 of his 55 regular season contests. At his best, he was an outstanding weapon from three-point range. In the Celtics' third game of the season, for instance, Bradley scored 31 points on a career-high eight three-pointers, also managing 11 rebounds, as the Celtics defeated the Charlotte Hornets. Bradley's season scoring average of 16.3 points per game was a career high, while his 39.0 three-point percentage was his best since 2013–14. His rebounding totals, meanwhile, saw a dramatic leap, as he averaged 6.1 for the season, nearly double what he ever had before. Bradley managed double digit rebounds on ten occasions, including November 16, when he recorded a career-high 13, to go along with 18 points, in a win over the Dallas Mavericks. Unfortunately, Bradley struggled through several injuries, most notably a right Achilles injury that cost him 22 out of 23 games during a stretch in January and February.
The season was a success for the Celtics, with 53 wins earning them the No. 1 seed in the Eastern Conference playoffs. However, in the first round of the postseason, the Celtics initially struggled and fell behind the eighth-seeded Chicago Bulls 2–0. When they managed to win the series in six games, it marked Bradley and the team's first postseason series win since 2012. Bradley scored 24 and 23 points in Games 5 and 6, with the 24 points a playoff career high. Bradley topped that in the next round, with 29 points against the Washington Wizards in Game 5 to help the Celtics take a 3–2 lead in the series, which they ultimately won in seven games. The Celtics' Eastern Conference Finals opponent, the Cleveland Cavaliers, ultimately proved to be too much. In an otherwise one-sided series, the high point for the Celtics came courtesy of Bradley. Playing Game 3 down two games to none and without the injured Isaiah Thomas, Boston stayed unexpectedly close to the Cavaliers throughout the game, then won when Bradley's 3-pointer bounced around the rim and fell with less than a second left. Bradley finished the game with 20 points. The Celtics lost both the fourth and fifth games, bowing out of the playoffs.
Detroit Pistons (2017–2018)
On July 7, 2017, in a bid to clear enough cap space to sign star free agent Gordon Hayward, as well as an attempt to increase the size of their perimeter defenders, the Celtics traded Bradley and a 2019 second-round draft pick to the Detroit Pistons in exchange for Marcus Morris. Bradley had been the longest tenured Celtic on the team at the time. In his debut for the Pistons in their season opener on October 18, 2017, Bradley scored 15 points in a 102–90 win over the Charlotte Hornets. On November 15, 2017, he scored a season-high 28 points in a 99–95 loss to the Milwaukee Bucks. Bradley missed seven games with a hip-groin injury between late December and early January.
Los Angeles Clippers (2018–2019)
On January 29, 2018, Bradley, along with Tobias Harris, Boban Marjanović, a future protected first-round draft pick and a future second-round draft pick, was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers in exchange for Blake Griffin, Willie Reed and Brice Johnson. On March 13, 2018, he underwent successful surgery to repair adductor and rectus abdominis muscles. He was subsequently ruled out for six to eight weeks.
On July 9, 2018, Bradley re-signed with the Clippers.
Memphis Grizzlies (2019)
On February 7, 2019, Bradley was traded to the Memphis Grizzlies in exchange for JaMychal Green and Garrett Temple. On February 12, Bradley led Memphis with a career-high 33 points in a 108–107 loss to the San Antonio Spurs.
On July 6, 2019, Bradley was waived by the Grizzlies.
Los Angeles Lakers (2019–2020)
In July 2019, Bradley signed a two-year deal worth $9.77 million with the Los Angeles Lakers. The 2019–20 season was suspended mid-season due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The season resumed, but Bradley opted out of playing in the restart to remain with his family due to his oldest child, six-year-old son Liam, who had a history of struggling to recover from respiratory illnesses. The Lakers filled his roster spot by signing J. R. Smith. Without Bradley, the Lakers won the 2020 NBA Finals. However, Bradley received a championship ring for the role he played during the 2019–20 regular season. After the season, he declined the $5 million option on the final year of his contract and became a free agent.
Miami Heat (2020–2021)
On November 23, 2020, Bradley signed with the Miami Heat.
Houston Rockets (2021)
On March 25, 2021, Bradley, Kelly Olynyk, and a 2022 draft pick swap were traded to the Houston Rockets in exchange for Victor Oladipo. The Rockets chose not to pick up his $5.9 million team option which made him a free agent.
On September 24, 2021, Bradley signed with the Golden State Warriors. However, he was waived on October 15 after four preseason games.
Return to the Lakers (2021–present)
On October 18, 2021, Bradley was claimed off waivers by the Lakers.
Player profile
Although he has a build more typical of a point guard, Bradley plays shooting guard. Making up for his lack of size at the position with quickness, strength, and tenacity, Bradley excels at defense. Opponents Damian Lillard and CJ McCollum have called him the best perimeter defender in the NBA. Bradley has outstanding athleticism and explosiveness, having won the Slam Dunk Contest at the 2009 McDonald's All-American Game. However, he rarely displays his elite leaping ability in games, occasionally blocking players at the rim or throwing down dunks but more often simply harassing his man on the perimeter and settling for layups. Bradley has nevertheless become an increasingly valuable offensive player, especially as a reliable three-point shooter. Bradley's intense and frenetic defensive style of play, probably his most valuable asset, may also be partly to blame for the series of injuries he has suffered in his career. However, his most serious injuries, which required three surgeries by the time he was 23, happened early in his career. Due to his defense and his offensive improvement, Bradley became an increasingly important member of the Celtics in his tenure there, and his minutes played per game steadily increased over his time with the team, from just 5.2 to 33.4.
Career statistics
NBA
Regular season
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| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 31 || 0 || 5.2 || .343 || .000 || .500 || .5 || .4 || .3 || .0 || 1.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 64 || 28 || 21.4 || .498 || .407 || .795 || 1.8 || 1.4 || .7 || .2 || 7.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 50 || 50 || 28.7 || .402 || .317 || .755 || 2.2 || 2.1 || 1.3 || .4 || 9.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 60 || 58 || 30.9 || .438 || .395 || .804 || 3.8 || 1.4 || 1.1 || .2 || 14.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 77 || 77 || 31.5 || .429 || .352 || .790 || 3.1 || 1.8 || 1.1 || .2 || 13.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 76 || 72 || 33.4 || .447 || .361 || .780 || 2.9 || 2.1 || 1.5 || .3 || 15.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 55 || 55 || 33.4 || .463 || .390 || .731 || 6.1 || 2.2 || 1.2 || .2 || 16.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 40 || 40 || 31.7 || .409 || .381 || .763 || 2.4 || 2.1 || 1.2 || .2 || 15.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Clippers
| 6 || 6 || 27.5 || .473 || .111 || 1.000 || 3.7 || 1.8 || .8 || .2 || 9.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Clippers
| 49 || 49 || 29.9 || .383 || .337 || .800 || 2.7 || 2.0 || .6 || .3 || 8.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Memphis
| 14 || 14 || 31.6 || .463 || .384 || .920 || 3.1 || 4.0 || 1.0 || .0 || 16.1
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Lakers
| 49 || 44 || 24.2 || .444 || .364 || .833 || 2.3 || 1.3 || .9 || .1 || 8.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Miami
| 10 || 1 || 21.1 || .470 || .421 || .778 || 1.8 || 1.4 || .7 || .1 || 8.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Houston
| 17 || 5 || 23.0 || .314 || .270 || .833 || 2.3 || 1.9 || .8 || .1 || 5.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Lakers
| 62 || 45 || 22.7 || .423 || .390 || .889 || 2.2 || .8 || .9 || .1 || 6.4
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 660 || 544 || 27.5 || .434 || .365 || .783 || 2.8 || 1.7 || 1.0 || .2 || 11.0
Playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2012
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 10 || 10 || 24.8 || .368 || .227 || .667 || 2.0 || .8 || .8 || .6 || 6.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2013
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 6 || 6 || 31.8 || .405 || .250 || 1.000 || 2.2 || 1.3 || 1.8 || .2 || 6.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2015
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 4 || 4 || 33.3 || .380 || .263 || .857 || 3.8|| .8 || .8 || .0 || 12.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2016
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 1 || 1 || 33.0 || .438 || .143 || 1.000 || 3.0 || 1.0 || 1.0 || 1.0 || 18.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2017
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| 18 || 18 || 35.8 || .441 || .351 || .778 || 3.9 || 2.3 || 1.3 || .2 || 16.7
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 39 || 39 || 32.1 || .420 || .312 || .780 || 3.1 || 1.6 || 1.2 || .3 || 12.2
College
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2009–10
| style="text-align:left;"|Texas
| 34 || 32 || 29.5 || .432 || .375 || .545 || 2.9 || 2.1 || 1.3 || .5 || 11.6
Personal life
Bradley has a son, Avery Bradley III, who was born just two weeks after Bradley's mother died, in September 2013. He began hosting a basketball camp, the Avery Bradley Skills Academy, for Boston-area children in the summer of 2014.
References
External links
Texas Longhorns bio
1990 births
Living people
21st-century African-American sportspeople
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Tacoma, Washington
Boston Celtics draft picks
Boston Celtics players
Detroit Pistons players
Findlay Prep alumni
Hapoel Jerusalem B.C. players
Houston Rockets players
Los Angeles Clippers players
Los Angeles Lakers players
Maine Red Claws players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Memphis Grizzlies players
Miami Heat players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Point guards
Shooting guards
Texas Longhorns men's basketball players |
20469104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasseur%20family | Brasseur family | The Brasseur family is a family in Luxembourg that was prominent in politics and industry in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The head of the household was Alexis Brasseur, who had thirteen children by two wives. This second generation included Dominique Brasseur, a liberal Mayor of Luxembourg City and Pierre Brasseur, who was a prominent mining magnate in southern Luxembourg.
Pierre married the daughter of former minister François-Xavier Wurth-Paquet, and had five children, including Xavier Brasseur, a Socialist member of the Chamber of Deputies. Xavier married Jeane de Saint-Hubert, sister of Aline Mayrisch de Saint-Hubert - wife of Arbed President Émile Mayrisch.
Dominique married Constance Brasseur, his half-niece by Alexis's son Jean-Baptiste, and they had six children, including Robert Brasseur, who was a notable Liberal League deputy, and the playwright and composer Alexis Brasseur. The cousins Xavier and Robert became political rivals, representing different factions. Furthermore, Jeanne divorced Xavier in 1910, and married Robert in 1914, two years after her ex-husband had died.
Family tree
Below is a partial family tree, showing some of the most prominent family members. People have the surname Brasseur unless stated otherwise.
Footnotes
References |
20469126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokachi%20Dam | Tokachi Dam | Tokachi Dam is a dam in Hokkaidō, Japan.
Dams in Hokkaido
Dams completed in 1984 |
6901134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamonds%20and%20Pearls%20Video%20Collection | Diamonds and Pearls Video Collection | Diamonds and Pearls Video Collection is a collection of music videos compiled to accompany and further promote Prince's hit album Diamonds and Pearls. The collection was originally released in VHS format on October 6, 1992, and finally saw a DVD release on August 22, 2006 (the same release date as Prince's Ultimate collection). The collection contains videos for most of the songs on the album, with the exception of "Daddy Pop", "Walk, Don't Walk" and "Push". Two tracks included that were not on the album were "Call the Law", which was a B-side to the single release of "Money Don't Matter 2 Night" and "Dr. Feelgood", a cover version. Four of the clips were live concert performances: "Thunder", "Dr. Feelgood", "Jughead" and "Live 4 Love". The DVD release did not contain any extras from the VHS version.
Track listing
"Gett Off" (directed by Randee St. Nicholas)
"Cream" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Diamonds and Pearls" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Call the Law" (directed by Scott McCullough)
"Willing and Able" (directed by Sotera Tschetter)
"Insatiable" (directed by Randee St. Nicholas)
"Strollin'" (directed by Scott McCullough)
"Money Don't Matter 2 Night" (directed by Spike Lee, co-directed by Sotera Tschetter)
"Thunder" (live)
"Dr. Feelgood" (live)
"Jughead" (live)
"Live 4 Love" (live)
References
1992 video albums
Prince (musician) video albums
Music video compilation albums |
44496289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start%20Talking | Start Talking | Start Talking is the self-produced debut album from Swedish heavy metal band Bulletrain, released 24 October 2014, through Metal Heaven records.
Recording process
The recordings for the band's debut began as early as in late 2011 when the group decided to record their third EP. It was later cancelled when they parted ways with the singer Mike Palace in 2012. Since the group had such amount of material already they took the chance and started recording the music for a full-length album. Together with Marcus Forsberg at Tweak Studios in Helsingborg they started the recording process in 2013. In the winter of 2013, Bulletrain went to Stockholm to finish the record with the vocals for the album with the producers RamPac (Johan Ramström, Patrik Magnusson). It was mixed and mastered by Buster Odeholm.
Track listing
Singles
"Out of Control"
"Phantom Pain"
Personnel
Jonas Tillheden - drums, backing vocals
Mattias Persson - lead guitar, backing vocals
Robin Bengtsson - rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Sebastian Sundberg - lead vocals
Niklas Månsson - bass guitar, backing vocals
Additional musicians
Gustav Bergström, bass guitar on tracks "From the bottom of my heart", "Out of control" and "Phantom pain".
Kalle Yttergren, backing vocals on tracks "Dicing with death" and "Joanna's secret".
References
Start Talking Markus'Heavy Music Blog.com Retrieved November 24, 2014
Melodic Rock.com Retrieved November 24, 2014
Classic Rock.com Retrieved November 24, 2014
External links
Official website
Metal Heaven
2014 debut albums
Bulletrain albums |
23573059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluky%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Kluky (Kutná Hora District) | Kluky is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Nová Lhota, Olšany and Pucheř are administrative parts of Kluky.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District
´ |
6901140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAS%20Ipswich | HMAS Ipswich | Two ships of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) have been named HMAS Ipswich, for the city of Ipswich, Queensland.
, a Bathurst-class corvette launched in 1941 and transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy in 1946
, a Fremantle-class patrol boat which entered service in 1982 and was decommissioned in 2007
Battle honours
Ships named HMAS Ipswich are entitled to carry five battle honours:
Pacific 1942
Indian Ocean 1942–45
Sicily 1943
East Indies 1944
Okinawa 1945
References
Royal Australian Navy ship names |
20469142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking%20the%20Line%20%28Oscar%20Peterson%20album%29 | Walking the Line (Oscar Peterson album) | Walking the Line is an album by Canadian jazz pianist and composer Oscar Peterson, released in 1970. Recorded at: MPS Tonstudio Villingen.
Critical reception
AllMusic critic Ken Dryden stated in his review: "Oscar Peterson's series of recordings for Hans Georg Brunner-Schwer during the 1960s and early '70s are one of many high points in his long career... His mastery of the ballad form is heard in his sensitive interpretation of "Once Upon a Summertime,"...
Track listing
"I Love You" (Cole Porter) – 5:14
"Rock of Ages" (Jack Fascinato, Tennessee Ernie Ford) – 5:32
"Once Upon a Summertime" (Eddie Barclay, Michel Legrand, Eddy Marnay, Johnny Mercer) – 5:19
"Just Friends" (John Klenner, Sam M. Lewis) – 3:58
"Teach Me Tonight" (Sammy Cahn, Gene DePaul) – 5:07
"The Windmills of Your Mind" (Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, Michel Legrand) – 5:04
"I Didn't Know What Time It Was" (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers) – 6:37
"All of You" (Porter) – 5:01
Personnel
Performance
Oscar Peterson – piano
George Mraz – double bass
Ray Price – drums
References
1970 albums
Oscar Peterson albums
MPS Records albums |
23573060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobylnice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Kobylnice (Kutná Hora District) | Kobylnice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Gallery
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Košice (Kutná Hora District) | Košice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 60 inhabitants.
History
The first written mention of Košice is from 1310.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment%20benefits%20in%20Ukraine | Unemployment benefits in Ukraine | As the unemployed according to the art. 2 of the Ukrainian Law on Employment of Population are qualified citizens capable of work and of employable age, who, due to lack of a job, do not have any income or other earnings laid down by the law and are registered in the State Employment Center as looking for work, ready and able to start working. This definition also includes persons with disabilities who have not attained retirement age and are registered as seeking employment.
Who is entitled to unemployment benefits in Ukraine?
Only those citizens who are officially unemployed are entitled to unemployment benefits. According to part Ι art. 43 of the Law on Employment of Population this status is given to:
individuals of working age before they attain retirement age who are unemployed and willing to start working;
individuals under 16 years who have worked and were dismissed due to enterprises closure or reprofiling and redundancy and
individuals with disabilities who have not attained pension age and are receiving disability pension or social welfare benefits.
In order to get official unemployed status, one needs to register at the State Employment Center. Registration requires providing all necessary documentation together with the application to the nearest Employment Center.
Attendance of Employment Center and selection of the appropriate job
After being granted unemployed status, an individual is obliged to visit the Employment Center at least once every 30 calendar days while the workers of the Labour Exchange are trying to place them in a suitable job. A job is considered suitable if it matches the education, professional skills and work experience of the candidate.
If after a period of 6 months from registration it is not possible to find an appropriate job, the candidate would be encouraged to take acquire further education or skills or accept a job in a different field taking into account health, competencies and needs of the labor market. Employment Center staff would seek job placements for the candidate in both their old field and the new one in which they've retrained.
For disabled candidates, an appropriate job is selected according to their professional knowledge and skills and taking into account the medical certificate produced by an expert committee recommending conditions and character of work, the individual's rehabilitation program and the wishes of the disabled person regarding their working conditions.
Two-time refusal of the proposed job is a premise for deregistration from the Employment Center and deprivation of the official unemployed status. Repeat registration on the labor exchange is possible not earlier than in 90 calendar days since the deregistration day. Within this 3-month period the Employment Center will provide only consulting services, the payment of the unemployment assistance will not take place.
Skipping the appointed visiting of the Employment Center date without any valid reason causes payment reduction and/or deregistration from the labor exchange. According to the Decree of the Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers No.198 from 20.03.2013 "About the order of registration, re-registration of unemployed individuals and introduction of job-seeking individuals", valid reasons for skipping a visit include an illness, death of the family members and relatives, care of ill child (under 14 years), or attending the hospital, court and law-enforcement authorities, conscription office, or other government body.
Assessment and payment of unemployment benefits
The start of benefits payments can vary. The financial assistance is assigned from the 8th day after registration with the Employment Center, as stated in the Law on Mandatory State Social Unemployment Insurance. It does not apply if the person voluntary resigned from the previous workplace without having substantial reasons for it (art. 38 of the Labour Code of Ukraine) or was dismissed on the basis of violation of labor discipline. In the mentioned cases the payments are made from the 91st day after registration.
Payment period
In line with the Ukrainian law the total duration of the unemployed assistance payment can not exceed 360 calendar days during within 2 years time. But a number of nuances exist which influence the duration of unemployment benefits provision. Hence the payment periods could be as follows:
720 days - for individuals approaching retirement age (2 years before retirement)
360 days - standard payment duration for the majority of Ukrainian citizens
270 days - by voluntary resignation from the last workplace without having substantial reasons and in consonance with the points 3,4,7,8 art. 40 and articles 37,41 and 45 of the Labour Code of Ukraine. The mentioned points deal with non-fulfilment of responsibilities, theft, coming to work not sober.
180 days - for migrants as well as young people who finished their school, college and university education, or released from military recruitment.
Payment amount
Minimum monthly financial assistance amount in 2018 accounts for ₴544. The minimum amount is paid to the persons whose contribution period for the last calendar year is less than 6 months or was dismissed from the previous workplace for the reasons named in the points 3,4,7,8 art. 40, art.41 and 45 of the Labour Code of Ukraine, also to migrants, graduates of educational institutions (without work experience) and demobilized soldiers from the army service.
Payments for unemployed people whose contribution period for the last 12 months before the registration on the labour exchange exceed half a year or who have work interruption for justifiable reasons (e.g. fixed-term military service, education, care of disabled persons in the first category and pensioner who is in need of permanent care) are calculated as proportional relation to their average monthly income in connection with their contribution period, but the benefit payment can not be less than the minimum financial assistance amount set for this category (₴1,280):
Amount of the assistance payment smoothly decreases in accordance to unemployment duration. It means first 90 days an unemployed individual receives 100% of the appointed to him financial assistance, during the following 90 days - 80%, during the remaining period the payments amount to 70%.
The maximum amount of financial assistance can not exceed quadruple amount of the subsistence minimum for individuals capable of working - now it is ₴6,400.
Unemployment benefits in Ukraine are paid out by the State Social Security Fund in case of Unemployment (a part of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine) and financed by employers. An insured person pays 0.6% of its wages to the State Social Security Fund in case of Unemployment. A self-employed can only contribute voluntarily. The employer pays 1.6% of the total wage. To be able to receive unemployment benefits one must be registered at an employment office, be able and willing to work, and have income less than the minimum wage (the minimum wage in Ukraine is ₴1,218). The benefit may be reduced, suspended, or terminated after an discharge for violating work rules or for filing in a fraudulent claim. The benefit is based on 50% of average earnings for persons with a 2 to 6-year career, 55% of average earnings for persons with a 6 to 10 years 60% of average earnings and if one has worked more than 10 years he will receive 70% of average earnings. In the first 90 calendar days 100% of the benefit is paid, the next 90 calendar days 80% is paid and after that time period 70%.
Being in the initial stages of economic reconstruction, social protection issues will be of primary importance in Ukraine. If their incomes are below the minimum living standard, pensioners and children, in particular, should receive targeted money allowances. The official latent unemployment rate is 20-30%. The rapid small-scale privatization, privatization of unfinished construction projects (whose number is greater than 9,000), and the liberalization procedures required to start private businesses will reduce the amount of unemployment. Furthermore, Ukraine has adopted stricter rules for being able to register as unemployed as well as raised the unemployment benefit payments to its people. Current unemployment rate was 8.8% as of the year 2017. By providing support to workers during various employment-related risks, such as unemployment, social policies raise the reservation wage of workers. This allows workers to reject jobs that may not correspond to their skill qualifications. Thus, social policies indirectly support the investments in skills made by employers.
Impacts of the Russo-Ukrainian War on unemployment
The Russo-Ukrainian War has caused a large and growing internal flow of people leaving the areas of warfare and needing to find new jobs and income in other parts of the country. It is estimated that up to 2 million jobs were lost since the start of the crisis and the unemployment rate rose from 7.6% in 2014 to 9.6 a year later. The oblasts of Luhansk and Donetsk have seen the most drastic increases in unemployment rate leading to 57% of the population reportedly having difficulties meeting their essential needs. Overcoming the high unemployment rates, particularly in war-torn areas, requires including the formation of the demand for certain specialists from the side of the government, the introduction of relevant education subsidies, as well as economic reforms to attract investments.
Current structure of Ukrainian benefits program
Unemployment insurance, which provides unemployment benefits, lump-sum benefits for employees, vocational training, retraining and occupational development for the unemployed are several of the policies in place that assist those who are without a job. Injured workers are able to use employment injury insurance, which provides benefits to injured persons as well as medical care. The current system of social security in Ukraine is financed by both the state and local budgets. The Social Security Rate is a tax related with income charged to both companies and employees. It serves as an important source of income for the government because they help to pay for many programs such as welfare, health care, and many other benefits. This will not be sustainable in the future as nearly half of Ukraine's able-bodied adults are not paying their taxes or social contributions, but still demand social services and benefits.
See also
List of Ukrainian oblasts and territories by salary
Pensions in Ukraine
References
External links
Social security in Ukraine
Unemployment in Ukraine
Ukraine |
23573065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krchleby%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Krchleby (Kutná Hora District) | Krchleby is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The villages of Chedrbí is an administrative part of Krchleby.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
6901153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takatsuki-class%20destroyer | Takatsuki-class destroyer | The Takatsuki class destroyer was a vessel of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. It was the predecessor of the , and was mainly used for anti-submarine warfare duties.
In 1985-1988, Takatsuki and Kikuzuki were upgraded with Sea Sparrow SAM launchers, Harpoon missile anti-ship missile launchers, Phalanx CIWS systems (Kikuzuki only), new FCS (FCS-2-12) fire control radar and TASS. Mochizuki and Nagatsuki were in the upgrade program, but were eventually not upgraded.
Ships
Books
The Maru Special, Ships of the JMSDF No.57 Takatsuki class escort vessels, Ushio Shobō (Japan), November 1981
The Maru Special, Ships of the JMSDF No.78 Electronics weapons, Power Plants and Helicopters, Ushio Shobō (Japan), August 1983
Destroyer classes |
44496296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrita%20Virk | Amrita Virk | Amrita Virk () is a Punjabi singer from Indian Punjab. She entered the world of Punjabi music in 1998, releasing her first album, Kalli Beh Ke Ro Laini Aan.
Life and career
Virk was born on 11 June 1975. She started singing at very early age like in school functions. She started professional singing in 1997 when the industry was dominated by male singers. In July 1998, she released her first album, Kalli Beh Ke Ro Laini Aan, which made her a recognised singer in the industry.
Discography
She released 56 albums till now. Some of her albums are:
Kalli Beh Ke Ro Laini Aan (July 1998)
Saada Pai Gia Vichhora (Jan. 1999)
Masti Bharia Akhara (Mar. 1999)
Yaari Tutti Ton (May 1999)
Dil Tuttya Laggda (May 1999)
Masti Bharia Duja Akhara (June 1999)
Doli Hune Hi Turi Aa (Aug. 1999)
Tainu Pyar Ni Kardi Main (Oct. 1999)
Hae Tauba (Feb. 2000)
Pyar Ho Gia (April 2000)
Tutt Ke Sharik Ban Gia (Nov. 2000)
Tu Mainu Bhull Javenga (Feb. 2001)
Stagi Dhamaka (June 2001)
Teri Yaad Sataaundi Ai (Sept. 2001)
Pai Na Jaan Puaare (Nov. 2002)
Paani Dian Chhallan (Feb. 2004)
Timtimaunde Taare (Mar. 2004)
Dil Di Wahi (Dec. 2004)
Tauhr Amrita Di (Dec. 2007)
Terian Nishania (Feb. 2009)
See also
Jaswinder Brar
Hardev Mahinangal
Dharampreet
References
External links
Punjabi-language singers
1975 births
Living people |
23573067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99esetice | Křesetice | Křesetice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Bykáň, Chrást and Krupá are administrative parts of Křesetice.
Notable people
Oldřich Lajsek (1925–2001), painter
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
6901164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soloveitchik | Soloveitchik | Soloveitchik ( ) (also Soloveichik) is a surname. The name is a diminutive form of the Russian word соловей, "nightingale", since the Soloveitchiks are a family of Levites, who are commanded by the Torah to sing in the Beit Hamikdash. It is notably the name of a rabbinic family descended from Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (Beis Halevi) (1820-1892). Members include:
Ahron Soloveichik (1917–2001)
Avraham Yehoshua Soloveitchik
Berel Soloveitchik (1915–1981)
Chaim Soloveitchik (1853–1918)
Eliyahu Soloveitchik (Elijah Zevi) (1805–1881)
Haym Soloveitchik (born 1937)
Joseph B. Soloveitchik (1903–1993)
Meir Soloveichik (born 1977)
Moshe Soloveichik (1879–1941)
Moshe Soloveitchik (Zurich) (1914-1995)
Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik (1921-2021)
Peter Salovey (born 1958) (unlike the other names listed here, Salovey is not a descendant of Yosef Dov Soloveitchik, but rather of his uncle Eliyahu Zevi)
Samuel Soloveichik (1909–1967)
Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik (1886–1959)
Family tree
See also
Brisk tradition and Soloveitchik dynasty
Vorobeichik
TheRav.Net Resources on Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik zt'l
Jewish families
Jewish surnames
Slavic-language surnames
Russian-language surnames
Levite surnames
Yiddish-language surnames |
44496300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangar%20Patler | Bangar Patler | Banger Patler is 1993 Tulu Language film. It was produced and directed by Dr. Richard Castelino, and shot by cinematographer Sundarnath Suvarna. The musical score is by Ragdev. The film stars Vaman Raj in the title role, with supporting roles by Sudha Rani, Kasargod Chinna, Sarojini Shetty, Sundeep Malani, Rohidas Kadri and others. It was shot in and around Mangalore. The film ran for 105 days in Jyothi Talkies, Mangalore. It was the first Tulu cinema which won national award.
List of Tulu movies
List of tulu films of 2015
List of Tulu films of 2014
List of Released Tulu films
Tulu cinema
References
1993 films
Tulu-language films
Films shot in Mangalore
Indian films |
23573069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lede%C4%8Dko | Ledečko | Ledečko is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Vraník is an administrative part of Ledečko.
In popular culture
The 1403 recreation of the villages, called Ledetchko and Vranik, were featured in Czech role-playing game Kingdom Come: Deliverance.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor%20Tikhonov | Viktor Tikhonov | Viktor or Victor Tikhonov may refer to:
Viktor Tikhonov (politician) (1949–2020), Ukrainian politician, member of parliament and former ambassador
Viktor Tikhonov (born 1930) (1930–2014), Soviet ice hockey player and coach
Viktor Tikhonov (born 1988), Russian ice hockey player, grandson of Viktor Vasilyevich Tikhonov (1930–2014) |
23573070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dovice | Močovice | Močovice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
20469204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigor%20Brown | Vigor Brown | John Vigor Brown (18 June 1854 – 2 September 1942), known as Vigor Brown, was a New Zealand Member of Parliament for Napier, in the North Island. He was Mayor of Napier for a total of 18 years. He was a well-known figure in his adopted city, a successful businessman, and involved in many clubs and organisations.
Early life
Brown was born in London in 1854. For his parents, Jessie Gilmour and John Brown, it was their third boy and last child. Both parents had Scottish ancestry. His father worked for a bank, and was later a commercial traveller. The family briefly lived in France before emigrating to Victoria, Australia. John Vigor Brown, his brothers and their mother arrived in Melbourne on 22 January 1862 on the Water Nymph. It is assumed that his father was already there. They made their home in South Yarra. He was educated at Melbourne Church of England Grammar School. James Drysdale Brown was an elder brother.
Professional career
Brown learned the trade of a wholesale merchant (clothing) at the firm Sargood, King and Sargood in Melbourne. He came to Wellington in 1875. For two years, he worked for the Wellington firm of A. P. Stewart and Company as a travelling sales person. His next employment brought him to Napier, where he remained for the rest of his life. He became branch manager for Archibald Clark and Sons, an importing company. He resigned from that position in May 1898 and took on the management of Neal and Close, where he was managing director at a later point. He formed his own company, J. Vigor Brown and Co. He was further managing director of White Swan Brewery, and Hawke's Bay Soap and Tannery. He was a director of the Napier Gas Company. He was the local agent for the United and Phoenix Fire Insurance Companies.
Local body politics
He was voted onto both the Napier Harbour Board and the Napier Borough Council in 1898. He was chairman of the Harbour Board from February 1904 until April 1911. He was a member of the Chamber of Commerce.
He was elected Mayor of Napier in April 1907. He was mayor for three periods: 1907–1917, 1919–1921 and 1927–1933. The 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake fell into Brown's last period, and temporary governance arrangement included a Napier Citizens' Control Committee, followed by a two-man Government Commission. J. S. Barton and L. B. Campbell were farewelled by the mayor in May 1933, when their term ended and the municipal affairs once again rested with the borough council. The resulting mayoral election was contested by the incumbent and C O Morse, the chairman of the Earthquake Relief Committee. The election caused great interest, and Morse and Brown received 4110 and 1808 votes, respectively. At the time, mayoral elections were held every two years, but the 1931 election had been skipped due to the earthquake. While mayor Brown was involved in the new Hawke's Bay Rugby League and helped them secure access to McLean Park in 1911.
Member of Parliament
The Napier electorate had been held since the 1899 election by Alfred Fraser. Fraser stood again in the 1908 election, but although he was with the Liberal Party, Brown also contested the electorate as a Liberal. Brown won the contest with a majority of 1035 votes (3803 votes to 2768).
In the 1911 election, Brown was challenged by Henry Hill. Both men were supporters of the current Liberal government. Brown and Hill received 3858 and 2825 votes, respectively.
Brown successfully contested the for the Liberal Party, but the party's leader, Joseph Ward, failed to win re-election in the electorate. When Thomas Wilford became leader later in 1920, Brown objected and transferred his allegiance to the Reform Party.
Brown served in the New Zealand House of Representatives for fourteen years from 1908 to 1922. He contested the as the official candidate for the Reform Party and of the four candidates, he came last. The reasons for this were due to a split in the Reform vote. Prime Minister William Massey had given Brown the official party endorsement, despite the local Reform committee having already chosen John Mason as their candidate. Neither was victorious and the seat was won by Labour's Lew McIlvride.
In , Brown failed to receive Reform nomination with new party organizer Albert Davy ensuring it went to Mason. He later stood unsuccessfully as an independent in .
Family
Brown married Caroline Balaclava Cook, daughter of the late John Cook of Auckland, on 27 November 1880 at St John's Church in Napier. They had four daughters and two sons before Caroline died from peritonitis on 6 September 1891 at the young age of 36. He remarried on 19 September 1894 to Violet McConechie Bogle. There were no further children from this second marriage.
In 1910, Brown had a 31' launch built for the family, named Water Nymph after the ship used for his emigration to Victoria during his childhood.
His second wife predeceased him on 23 February 1924. Brown died on 2 September 1942 in Napier, where he had lived since 1877. After his death, his family took on the surname Vigor-Brown.
Notes
References
1854 births
1942 deaths
New Zealand Liberal Party MPs
Mayors of Napier, New Zealand
New Zealand businesspeople
New Zealand people of Scottish descent
New Zealand rugby league administrators
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1931 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1922 New Zealand general election
University of Canterbury alumni
Napier City Councillors
Reform Party (New Zealand) MPs
English emigrants to New Zealand |
23573072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinteely%20F.C. | Cabinteely F.C. | Cabinteely Football Club () is an association football club based in Cabinteely, County Dublin, Ireland comprising adult and many youth under-age teams for both males and females, 60 teams in all. Cabinteely competed in the League of Ireland First Division from 2015–2021 after being granted a licence by the Football Association of Ireland in January 2015.
They made their debut in the League of Ireland First Division on 6 March 2015 and play their games at Stradbrook Road, the home of Blackrock College RFC .
The club, which has 920 members, was formed in 1967 and has teams from what are called cubs at pre-under-7 level, up to senior adult teams. The teams, which participate at every under-age level from under-8 to under-18 plus adult, take part in several league and cup competitions such as those run by MGL, DDSL, SDFL, and LSL.
History
Cabinteely have changed their name over the years. In the early 1930s, they were commonly known as "the Blues from Cabinteely". In 1939, they won the Schoolboys League Cup in front of an estimated crowd of 6,000. In the 1930s, Cabinteely's squad included Peter Farrell. The club's name was changed to Cabinteely Boys around 1950, and the current club was formed in 1967, as Auburn F.C., beginning league football with one team. In 1973, Auburn F.C. was changed to Cabinteely Boys F.C., with the name later changed to just Cabinteely F.C. to acknowledge both the female members associated with the club and the ladies teams.
League of Ireland
Cabinteely finished 8th on 20 points in their debut season in the First Division in 2015. In 2016 Cabinteely finished in 7th above Athlone Town. In 2017, Cabinteely achieved the highest number of points ever at 38, more than doubling the previous year's figure. They also progressed further than ever before in the FAI Cup and Leinster Senior Cup. In a first for the club, Kieran Marty Waters was voted PFAI First Division Player of the Year. In 2017, Cabinteely released a 5-year strategic plan where the club planned to provide new facilities in their home of Kilboget Park rather than Stradbrook. The plan proposed a new clubhouse, a second all-weather pitch and a stadium.
Merger with Bray Wanderers
In November 2021, Cabinteely and Bray Wanderers announced a merger, technically a takeover of Wanderers by Cabinteely. The newly created team would be known as Bray Wanderers and continue to play in the Carlisle Grounds, with the intention to apply for a First Division licence. Bray's former manager Pat Devlin and then Director of Football (DoF) at Cabinteely became the DoF for the new Bray Wanderers.
Notable past players
Andy Keogh
Alan O'Brien
Stephanie Roche
Jason Knight
References
External links
Official Site
Association football clubs in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown
Cabinteely
Leinster Senior League (association football) clubs
1967 establishments in Ireland
League of Ireland First Division clubs
Association football clubs established in 1967 |
44496323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixora%20%28album%29 | Ixora (album) | Ixora is the fifth full-length album by Florida-based indie rock band Copeland. Pre-orders were made available on April 1, 2014, and the album was originally scheduled to be released on October 30, 2014. Due to issues during recording that prolonged its completion, the album's release date was postponed until November 24, 2014.
Ixora was recorded and produced in Aaron Marsh's studio, The Vanguard Room, in Lakeland, Florida, and was mixed by Michael Brauer. In addition to the standard ten-track album, a twin, deluxe edition was also recorded and made available for purchase as part of a pre-order exclusive bundle. The twin edition is a double-disc set. Disc one is an extended version of Ixora that contains an additional bonus track, while disc two is an alternate version of the album. Like a remix album, it can be listened to on its own but it can also be played in sync with disc one. In theory, playing both discs at the same time will create a quadraphonic version of Ixora.
Track listing
Reception
Ixora has been well received by critics, with Metacritic awarding the album an aggregate score of 77/100 based on four reviews. Keagan Ilvonen of AbsolutePunk wrote, "There hasn’t been a Copeland album as complete as Ixora". Mark Demming of AllMusic stated, "Copeland is embracing a more mature subject matter than they did on their early albums, but with the same moody and thoughtful musical approach that marked their best-known work".
Personnel
Copeland
Aaron Marsh – vocals, guitar, bass, piano, keyboards, trombone, programming, string and wind arrangements
Bryan Laurenson – guitar, keyboards
Stephen Laurenson – guitar, keyboards, programming
Jonathan Bucklew – drums, percussion
Guest musicians
Steff Koeppen – vocals on "Ordinary" (only Twin version), "Chiromancer", "Like I Want You" and "World Turn" (only Twin version)
Matthew Davis – cello
Joshua Dampier – violin, viola
Matt Evers – bassoon
Steve Jones – trumpet
Jesse Bryant – clarinet
Eva Stillinger – French horn
Dawn Hardy – oboe
Mikel Larrinaga – sax
Production
Produced by Aaron Marsh
Mixed by Michael Brauer, Quad Studio, New York
Mastered by Joe LaPorta
Notes
Copeland (band) albums
2014 albums
Albums produced by Aaron Marsh |
6901170 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbi%20Humphrey | Bobbi Humphrey | Barbara Ann "Bobbi" Humphrey (born April 25, 1950) is an American jazz flautist and singer who plays jazz fusion, funk, and soul-jazz. She has recorded twelve albums and founded the jazz label Paradise Sounds Records. In 1971, she was the first female instrumentalist signed by Blue Note.
Early life
Humphrey was born in Marlin, Texas, and raised in Dallas. She graduated from Lincoln High School, Dallas, in 1968. Her flute education included classical and jazz in high school. She continued her studies at Texas Southern University and Southern Methodist University. Dizzy Gillespie saw her play at a talent contest at Southern Methodist and inspired her to pursue a music career in New York City. She followed his advice, moving to New York in June 1971 and getting her first break performing at the Apollo Theater on Amateur Night.
Career
Within weeks of arriving in New York, Humphrey was signed by George Butler to Blue Note. She had already begun playing regularly throughout the city, including joining Herbie Mann on stage in Central Park and an impromptu performance on The Tonight Show. She was asked to join the final band of trumpeter Lee Morgan, performing on his last Blue Note album in 1971. Morgan contributed to Humphrey's first album, Flute In, in 1971.
She has played with Duke Ellington and George Benson. Benson and Humphrey were guest musicians on Stevie Wonder's single "Another Star" from his Songs in the Key of Life (1976) album. In 1976, she was named Best Female Instrumentalist by Billboard magazine.
Humphrey has played at the Apollo Theatre, Hollywood Bowl, Carnegie Hall, Montreux Jazz Festival, Russian River Jazz Festival (Northern California). She cites Hubert Laws, Herbie Mann, and James Moody as influences.
Blacks and Blues, recorded in 1973 with the Mizell Brothers, was one of her biggest selling albums for Blue Note. On this album she shifted from the straight ahead jazz of her first two albums produced by George Butler. She sought out the Mizell Brothers after their work on Donald Byrd's Black Byrd, which combined funk with jazz. Blacks and Blues was recorded in three days at the Sound Factory. In "Harlem River Drive" and other tracks, Humphrey's playing was improvised. As Humphrey recalled in an interview in 2006, "In other words, they would play the track in the background and just tell me to play to it. There was no written melody. Growing up, the music they listened to was doo-wop. And from that background, they intrinsically understood harmony. So they would already have the chord changes and background vocals laid out. I just played what I felt off the top of my head against that." Humphrey sings vocals on "Just a Love Child" and the album's last track, "Baby's Gone".
Satin Doll, recorded in 1974, continued her combination of soul jazz and funk. The album was dedicated to Duke Ellington, who died shortly before the album was released, and its cover art features Humphrey's daughter, Ricci Lynn. Fancy Dancer marked Humphrey's third and final collaboration with the Mizell Brothers. It includes Latin percussion and harp instrumentation by Dorothy Ashby. For her next album, Tailor Made, she switched to Epic.
Despite high album sales, Humphrey did not see much of her Blue Note albums' financial success. In 1977, she moved into the business side of the music industry. She incorporated Innovative Artist Management as well as a publishing business, The Bobbi Humphrey Music Company, which signed an agreement with Warner Bros. in 1990. Humphrey brought Tevin Campbell into the music industry and was involved in his negotiations with Warner Bros. In 1994 Humphrey started her label, Paradise Sounds Records, releasing Passion Flute.
Humphrey's work, especially Blacks and Blues, has been sampled by Eric B. & Rakim, Grand Puba, Digable Planets, Mobb Deep, Ludacris, and Ice-T. In 2002, Common invited her to play on his album Electric Circus.
Discography
As a sidewoman
with Lee Morgan:
The Last Session (Blue Note, 1971)
With Stevie Wonder
Songs in the Key of Life (Tamla, 1976)
Recording notes
Humphrey's last album for Epic was The Good Life, recorded in 1978/79 at Rosebud Recording Studios, New York. The album is notable for the list of supporting musicians that included Richard Tee, Eric Gale, Ralph MacDonald (who produced the album), Christopher Parker, and a young Marcus Miller.
References
External links
Bobbi Humphrey at Jazz Museum in Harlem
1950 births
Living people
People from Marlin, Texas
Singers from Texas
Jazz musicians from Texas
American jazz flautists
20th-century African-American women singers
Soul-jazz musicians
Soul-jazz flautists
Blue Note Records artists
Epic Records artists
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women |
44496366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81rti%C5%86%C5%A1%20Krav%C4%8Denko | Mārtiņš Kravčenko | Mārtiņš Kravčenko (born July 16, 1985 in Rīga, Latvia) is a Latvian professional basketball player who plays the guard position and plays for Latvian Basketball League club BK Jēkabpils. Most of his career he spent at BK Barons which in 2008 won the Latvian Basketball League and FIBA EuroCup championships.
References
External links
Eurocup Profile
1985 births
Living people
BK Barons players
BK Liepājas Lauvas players
Latvian men's basketball players
MBC Mykolaiv players
Basketball players from Riga
Guards (basketball) |
20469207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow%20Hut | Bow Hut | The Bow Hut is an alpine hut located at an elevation of on the eastern edge of the Wapta Icefield in Banff National Park. It is the largest, best equipped, and most accessible of the four alpine huts on the Wapta Icefield, and serves as the base for a wide variety of ski tours and mountaineering ascents to half a dozen peaks on the Wapta. It is the easiest and safest starting point for the Wapta traverse; and Balfour Hut, the next hut on the traverse, can easily be reached from it in a day. It can also serve as an intermediate stop in a longer traverse which starts at the less easily accessible Peyto Hut. The hut is maintained by the Alpine Club of Canada.
The hut sleeps 30 and is equipped with propane powered lamps and stovetop, and a wood stove for heating. There are two indoor drum toilets.
History
The original Bow Hut was built in 1968 by a group led by Peter Fuhrmann, who later became president of the Alpine Club of Canada from 1984 to 1988, and was funded by Peter and Catharine Whyte. The construction was done mostly by members of the Alpine Club and the Calgary Ski Club. The location of the hut, near Bow Glacier, was chosen to assist ski tourers and mountaineers entering the Wapta Icefield via Bow Lake. The old hut saw severe overuse, with up to 7,000 people a year using a building that only slept 14 people at a time. By the 1980s it was in a state of serious disrepair and surrounded by contamination from the outhouses, causing many people to refer to it as Bow Ghetto. In 1989 a new hut was built under the direction of Mike Mortimer, Chairman of the Huts Committee of the Alpine Club of Canada and later President from 1994 to 2001. Money for the facility was primarily provided by the Calgary and Edmonton Sections of the Alpine Club. The new facility is much larger than the previous one, with much better cooking, and waste disposal facilities; and with sleeping areas separated from the rest of the hut to accommodate a number of different groups at a time.
Location
Bow Hut is located near the headwaters of the Bow River, about northwest of Lake Louise, Alberta along the Icefields Parkway in Banff National Park. The hut is situated above Bow Lake on the east edge of the Wapta Icefield, at an altitude of . It is about 1 kilometre northeast of Saint Nicholas Peak.
Access
Reaching the hut requires approximately 3 to 6 hours of hiking or skiing from the Icefields Parkway. The hut can also be reached by approximately 3 to 5 hours of glacier travel from the Balfour Hut, or 4 to 6 hours of glacier travel from the Peyto Hut.
Summer
The summer trail to Bow Hut leaves from the main parking lot on the highway at Bow Lake. It goes past Num-Ti-Jah Lodge and follows the north shore of the lake around to the main creek that feeds the lake. The trail ascends to the right of the canyon just upstream from the lake. At a junction it goes to the left, and crosses the creek, passing over a boulder lodged in the top of the canyon. The trail stays on the east side of the creek for a few kilometres until it opens out into moraine terrain near the treeline. A number of trails marked by cairns lead to the massive headwall below the hut, where hikers must cross the creek and can follow any of a number of trails up the steep slope to the hut. The trip requires 3 to 6 hours.
Winter
The winter route is a little different from the summer trail, and involves exposure to complex avalanche terrain. Skiers can cross the frozen lake, if the ice is thick enough, and at the far side can stay to the left of the creek, following a good trail that skirts the canyon. After about the route drops down onto the creek bed and follows it through a gorge. After the gorge becomes too difficult to negotiate, skiers must ascend the bank to the left at one of the easier points, and then angle up through the trees, parallel to the canyon. When the route reaches an open basin, it is possible to see the hut high up on the headwall to the right. From that point, skiers should aim for the right-hand corner of the headwall, staying left initially to avoid the worst of the moraine. Toward the end of the valley, a number of possible routes lead up through the headwall to the hut, which is a few hundred metres from the top of the headwall. The trip normally takes 3 to 5 hours.
Nearby
Wapta Icefield
Saint Nicholas Peak
Bow Glacier
Bow Lake
Bow River
R.J. Ritchie Hut, (Balfour Hut)
Peter and Catharine Whyte Hut, (Peyto Hut)
References
Mountain huts in Canada
1968 establishments in Alberta
Buildings and structures completed in 1968
Buildings and structures in Banff National Park |
44496372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halatty%20Manithalatty | Halatty Manithalatty | Halatty Manthalatty is a village in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, under the Nilgiris District. Halatty Manthalatty is also the name given to a range of mountains spread across the states of Tamil Nadu as well as Karnataka and Kerala. It is one of the small villages in Udhagamandalam Taluk in The Nilgiris District under Kadanad Panchayat. Around 100 families and Around 400 people are living in this village.
History
Halatty Manithalatty village has a history going back many centuries. In this village occupied by Badagas , the major non tribal caste is Badaga.
Geography and climate
Halatty Manithalatty is a small village. It has an area of 200 km2. This village is a hilly region, situated at an elevation of 2,000 to 2,600 meters above sea level. Almost the entire village lies in the Western ghats. Halatty Manithalatty village is bounded by Mysore district, Karnataka and Wayanad district, Kerala in the North, Malappuram and Palakkad districts, Kerala in the West, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu in the South.
This Village usually receives rain both during South West Monsoon and North East Monsoon seasons. Udhagamandalam Taluk receive rain by the South West Monsoon and some portion of Udhagamandalam Taluk and the entire Coonoor and Kotagiri Taluks are benefited by the rains of North East Monsoon. There are 16 rainfall registering stations in the district The average annual rainfall of the district is 1,920.80 mm.
Halatty Manithalatty village principal town of the area is Ooty(Udhagamandalam), which is the district capital of Nilgiris. This is the major town for Halatty Manithalatty villagers. They used to go Ooty for buying and selling of goods. Ooty is one of the famous tourist spots in The Nilgiris.
Village administration
Halatty Manithalatty village is under the Udhagamandalam Taluk in The Nilgiris District under Kadanad Panchayat. Kadanad post office is the Branch post office of Halatty Manithalatty village. Denaducombai post office is Head office. Halatty Manithalatty village pincode is 643206. Telephone and STD code is 0423.
Languages
Badaga is the main language for in this village, which has no script and spoken by about 245,000 Badagas in 200 villages in the Nilgiris.
Tamil language is also spoken in this village. Many people speak and understand English, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi.
Basic infrastructure
Transport
Halatty Manithalatty village has two main buses from Ooty ATC. Ooty bus stand as the central bus stand for the Halatty Manithalatty village apart from Municipal Bus Stand, Coonoor. The village roads are maintained by Panchayat Union. It will take around 30 minutes to reach Halatty Manithalatty Village from Ooty. Major bus stops include:
Collector Office, Ooty
Forest Gate
Adasolai Village
Denadu combai
Kadanad Village
Health infrastructure
Kadanad village is the nearest village. It has the Primary Health Centre. Ooty is the main area for this village's Health infrastructure.
Agriculture
Agriculture is the most common work for all. Halatty Manithalatty village used to develop the Horticulture field, and the economy of the village depends upon the success and failure of crops like potato, beans, beetroot, carrot, tea. This village also produces eucalyptus oil and here living people doing their own business such like as tourism guide, fertilizers shop, etc.
Education
In past, Halatty Manithalatty villagers did not have much interest in studies; nowadays they having more interest. Around 77.3% of the population are educated according to the 2013 census. Halatty Manithalatty village is surrounded schools and colleges.
Government School's
Government High School, Kadanad
Government Higher Sec School, Anikorai
Government Higher Sec School, Thuneri
Private Schools
Sathya sai matriculation school, Thuneri
Gurukulam matriculation school, Thuneri
Annai Saradha Devi matriculation school, Anikorai
Colleges
Government Arts and Science College, Ooty
CSI Engineering College, Ketti
Festival
Halatty Manithalatty village grand festival is "Thaipusam", held every year. Vinayagar chaturthi is also one of the festival for this people.
References
Villages in Nilgiris district |
20469221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency%20Severity%20Index | Emergency Severity Index | The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is a five-level emergency department triage algorithm, initially developed in 1999. It was previously maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), but is currently maintained by the Emergency Nurses Association (ENA).
Algorithm
ESI triage is based on the acuity of patients' health care problems and the number of resources their care is anticipated to require. This differs from standardized triage algorithms used in several other countries, such as the Australasian Triage Scale, which attempt to divide patients based on the time they may safely wait.
The concept of a "resource" in ESI means types of complex interventions or diagnostic tools, above and beyond physical examination. Examples of resources include X-ray, blood tests, sutures, and intravenous or intramuscular medications. Oral medications and prescriptions are specifically not considered resources by the ESI algorithm.
The ESI levels are numbered one through five, with level one indicating the greatest urgency. However, levels 3, 4, and 5 have are determined not by urgency, but by the number of resources expected to be used as determined by an experienced nurse. The levels are as follows:
References
Diagnostic emergency medicine
Triage |
20469249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikuno%20Dam | Ikuno Dam | is a dam in Asago, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.
References
Dams in Hyogo Prefecture
Dams completed in 1984 |
6901181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisker%20method | Brisker method | The Brisker method, or Brisker derech, is a reductionistic approach to Talmud study innovated by Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik of Brisk (Brest, Belarus), as opposed to the traditional approach which was rather holistic. It has since become popular and spread to yeshivas around the world. The Brisker method is also known as the "conceptual" approach to Talmud study, and is often referred to simply as lomdus (lit. "analytical study").
Theory
Broadly speaking, before the Brisker method, Talmudic texts were taken at "face value" unless there was a compelling reason not to. If a contradiction between two texts was discovered, then it became necessary to reinterpret one or both texts in order to reconcile them. But there was no standard method by which to perform this reconciliation. Any explanation which one offered, which seemed reasonable, would be accepted.
The Brisker method replaces this approach with a methodical search for precise definitions of each concept involved in the discussion. Once the mechanism by which a law works is rigidly and correctly defined, it can become clear that one aspect of the definition applies in one situation but not another. Therefore, the final halacha will differ in the two situations, even if they superficially appear to be very similar.
Often an entire series of disagreements among the Rishonim (Talmudic commentaries from roughly the period 1000–1500) may stem back to a subtle difference in how these Rishonim understand a line from the Talmud. The Brisker method can provide a precise formulation of how each Rishon understood the topic, and thus account for their differences in opinion. This approach is most spectacular when a whole series of debates between two Rishonim can be shown to revolve around a single "chakira", or difference in the understanding of a Talmudic concept.
The Brisker method is not a total break from the past. Rabbis before Brisk sometimes made "conceptual" distinctions, and Brisker rabbis can still resolve issues without recourse to the terminology they invented. The difference is one of focus and degree. Non-Brisk analysis tends to formulate "conceptual" definitions only when necessary, while for Briskers, these definitions are the first and most common tool to be used when approaching a Talmudic issue.
One example of Rabbi Chaim's emphasis on the value of precise definition can be found in quote: "One approach which answers three different problems is better than three different approaches to individually solve the three problems" (a corollary of Occam's razor).
Examples
Some of the distinctions which follow may appear to be meaningless: the two alternatives are simply different ways of expressing exactly the same concept. This is indeed a significant danger when formulating Brisker concepts. Therefore, it is routine, upon formulating the distinction, to search for a nafka minnah for the distinction - an empirical case in which the two understandings in fact lead to different results. Only when a nafka minnah (even a rare and impractical one) is identified can one be sure that one's Brisker distinction is valid. Each distinction listed below has at least one nafka minnah, even if not specified here.
Cheftza/gavra ("object/person") refers to distinctions made between a person and his/her actions (or the actions done upon him/her). For example, the Brisker Rav states (Yevamoth 2a) that a forbidden incestual relative is considered a "forbidden person," while though a menstruating woman is not a "forbidden person," the sexual act performed with her is forbidden.
Siman/sibah ("effect/cause"): Does A cause B, or is A a result of the presence of B? For example, an adhesion on the lung makes a slaughtered animal non-"glatt kosher", but the Shulchan Aruch and the Rama disagree whether it makes the animal non-kosher altogether. This disagreement appears to be based on the question: Does the adhesion cause non-kosher-ness? Or does it potentially result from non-kosher-ness, but also potentially result from a situation in which the animal remains kosher? The Shulchan Aruch holds the former; the Rama holds the latter, in which case an animal with adhesions can be checked and subsequently found to be kosher.
Active vs. passive: There may be a distinction between a specified exemption in the halakha, and a scenario where the halakha simply fails to obligate someone.
("two laws"): A Talmudic law can be shown to consist of two or more distinct components. Then, one component can be shown not to apply in a certain case, thus resolving a contradiction between the halachic rules in two situations. An example of this is Rabbi Chaim Brisker's interpretation of (Bava Kama 88a) that there is one law for a man to circumcise his son and another that obligates the son himself to be circumcised. In this case, after the son is circumcised, the obligation of circumcision present in both laws is fulfilled, although it is impossible for both laws to be fulfilled in their entirety.
"Is the principle stated here merely an application of a general rule, or is it a different and unique principle, specialized to our context?" This distinction is demonstrated in a story involving Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik and witnessed by Rabbi Yehezkel Abramsky. A person died, followed shortly thereafter by another, wealthier person. The Chevra Kadisha (Jewish burial society), rather than follow the first-come, first-served policy mandated by halacha, buried the rich person first. A relative of the poorer person came to demand an apology from the Chevra Kadisha. Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik consulted the Laws of Mourning from Rambam' Mishneh Torah for just a moment before telling the relative: "The Chevra Kadisha were wrong, but that is between them and God. I will inform them that their conduct was improper, but you are not involved here." After the fellow left, Rabbi Soloveitchik explained to his colleague, Rabbi Abramsky, that the question at hand was this: certainly Judaism has a general principle of first-come, first-served, because of the rule that when faced with the opportunity to do a mitzvah, one should not pass it up. If this is the only reason that first-come, first-served applies in the case of burials, then one who violates it is no more in the wrong than one who has passed over any mitzva opportunity, and his/her offense is between himself/herself and God. Or, instead, there may be a specialized notion of first-come, first-served when it comes to burials, to avoid offending the bereaved. Only according to the latter reasoning would an apology be required. Rabbi Soloveitchik found that Maimonides made no explicit mention of first-come, first-served in his Laws of Mourning, and thus extrapolated that only the generalized notion of first-come, first-served applies to burial. Therefore, the bereaved could not demand an apology. Upon hearing this reasoning, Rabbi Abramsky exclaimed (in a positive way), "Rabbi Soloveitchik can deduce laws from the fact that Maimonides says nothing at all!"
History
The famed yeshiva of Volozhin, arguably the first modern yeshiva, favored a traditionalist approach towards Talmudics under the leadership of the Netziv, which often required absorbing a great amount of Talmudic material to acquire a "general Talmudic feel" before analyzing a topic. Later, however, Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik became a lecturer at Volozhin. At this point, around the year 1880, Rabbi Chaim's new methods first became public.
However, as Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik suggested in his eulogy for the Brisker Rov, the full, true "Brisk approach" as we know it today was not developed until Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik had been rabbi of Brisk for many years. The notes that Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik used for his lectures at the yeshiva of Volozhin (years before he assumed the Brisk pulpit) are still extant today, and the approach found there is not as well-developed as in (his and others') later published works. The notes could best be described as "proto-Brisk lomdus", a term which could be used regarding the works of the Beis HaLevi as well. Several modern scholars agree with this notion of "proto-Brisk", and it can be heard in the lectures of Rabbi Dr. Aaron Rakeffet-Rothkoff. Nonetheless, as seen above, even "proto-Brisk" was already different enough and popular enough to cause significant tension at the Volozhin yeshiva.
An additional major influence on the "Brisk approach" was a Rabbi Mendel Epstein of Slutzk. Rabbi Chaim "Brisker" Soloveitchik spent several early teenage years in Slutzk, where Rabbi Epstein served as his melamed (Judaics teacher for pre-college levels). Rabbi Chaim later claimed that much of the "Brisker derech" attributed to him was founded on Rabbi Epstein's approach; however, as a small town's melamed, Rabbi Epstein and his ideas never achieved fame.
The Brisker method has a certain parallel in the Dor Revi'i (commentary on Hullin) of Rabbi Moshe Shmuel Glasner. Many scholars had been perplexed by the Rambam's rulings, as they had been used to understanding the Talmud according to the Franco-German school of Rashi and Tosafot, as opposed to the Babylonian Geonic school followed by Rambam. Rabbi Glasner insisted that Rambam's interpretations follow perfectly from the Talmud once he is interpreted on his own terms. Rabbi Glasner's methods coincided remarkably with those Rabbi Chaim; Rabbi Glasner's methods caused a sensation in the Lithuanian yeshivot in the late 1920s and early 1930s, producing astonishment that a Hungarian rabbi had independently formulated a method so similar to Rabbi Haim's.
Controversy
When it first appeared, some scholars denounced the Brisk approach as "chemistry", as it sought to analyze each Talmudic law by breaking it down into components, whereas a traditionalist approach focused more on the entirety of the laws.
While the Brisker method has won acceptance in almost all yeshivas today, it has its opponents. These include Rabbi Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz (1878–1953) (known as the Chazon Ish), who felt that often the existing approach to a Talmudic portion was sufficient. Additionally, the Brisker method is not widely used in modern yeshivas which stem from the Mirrer Yeshiva (originally from Russia), which instead tend to stress single, unifying themes throughout Talmudic concepts, often focusing on only one Rishon if it is seen as the most "truthful" approach to a Talmudic passage. See also .
In Brisker yeshivas, the tractates studied deviate from the tractates popular in most yeshivas. Most yeshivas learn the Talmudic laws of money, property, marriage, and divorce. In Brisk, there is a greater tendency toward Kodashim tractates, as well as Nazir and Sotah (more ritually oriented) tractates in Nashim. Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik is noted for a tendency to study tractates in Seder Moed, a tendency formalized by Yeshiva University's decision to learn a tractate from Seder Moed every four years.
R Chaim was aware of the opposition to his method, but defended it. In response to a rabbi who insisted on taking the words of the Gemara at face value, R Chaim replied: A term may refer to different laws in different contexts. For example, the Talmud requires "panim chadashos" (meaning "a new presence" or "new faces") at the Sheva Brachos celebration, i.e. a guest must be present who had not attended the wedding. Elsewhere, the Talmud comments that once sacrificial meat has been burned to ashes, the ashes no longer have a sacrificial status, as "panim chadashos ba'u l'chan" – "a new presence has arrived", meaning that the ashes are not the same as the meat. "So if you were at a Sheva Brachos party, and you looked around and everyone there had already been at this couple's wedding, why not just take some meat and burn it to ashes?", challenged Rabbi Chaim. Clearly, the phrase "panim chadashos" has different meanings in the contexts of wedding celebrations and sacrificial meat.
R Chaim was also opposed to 'overdoing' the method. In response to a Rabbi who claimed that Kiddushin does not take effect once for all time, but rather constantly renews itself every moment (has a ''), R Chaim simply and sarcastically replied "Mazel Tov" (as if to say that according to such a view, the Rabbi had just gotten married); thereby indicating his view that such an approach was ridiculous.
References
Works by the Brisker school
Hiddushei Rabbenu Chaim Halevi al haRambam - by Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik
Hiddushei haGra"ch al haShas - ("stencil" edition) - by same
Hiddushei Maran Ri"z Halevi al haRambam - by Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik
Hiddushei haGri"z al haShas - ("stencil" edition) - by same
Hiddushei Maran Ri"z Halevi al Kiddush Hachodesh and Seder Moed - by same
Hiddushei Maran Ri"z Halevi al haTorah - by same
Iggros haGri"d - by Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik
Shiurei haRav Aharon Lichtenstein (multiple volumes) - by Rabbi Aharon Lichtenstein
Birkas Shmuel - by R' Baruch Ber from Kamenitz
Secondary sources
Solomon, Norman. The Analytic Movement: Hayyim Soloveitchik and His Circle. Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press, 1993.
Zevin, Shlomo Yosef. Ishim ve-shitot. Tel Aviv: A. Tziuni, 1966.
External links
"Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik on the Brisker Method"
Talmud
Learning methods
Soloveitchik rabbinic dynasty |
44496383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20%28software%29 | Random (software) | Random was an iOS mobile app that used algorithms and human-curation to create an adaptive interface to the Internet. The app served a remix of relevance and serendipity that allowed people to find diverse topics and interesting content that they might not have encountered otherwise.
Random did not require a login or sign-up - the use of the app was anonymous. The app was powered by an artificial intelligence that learned from direct and indirect user interactions inside the app. While learning and adapting to a person Random created a unique anonymous choice profile that was then used for recommending topics and content. The app didn't recommend the same content twice.
User interface
Random's user interface was made of ever-changing topic blocks that contained keywords and images. By choosing any of the blocks the user would see related web content. By closing the web content the user could access new related topics. The user interface allowed people to get more information about a specific topic area or then just leap freely from topic to topic. The content recommended by Random could be any type of web content varying from news articles to long-form stories and from photographs to videos. Every user of the Random was curating content for other users by using the app.
History
Random was launched in March 2014. The startup was backed by Skype co-founder Janus Friis .
The Random app received a strong reception from the likes of the New York Times, Techcruch, New Scientist, Vice, and other leading publications. The app went on to gain traction with an active and loyal user community of several hundreds of thousands. This was not enough to support the free app model the team strongly believed in, and the service was terminated in Dec 2015.
Reception
Various reviews in media have emphasized that Random enables people to break their filter bubble and find diverse content they might not find elsewhere.
Alan Henry of Lifehacker wrote: "Random... breaks you out by intentionally guiding you to new topics and interesting articles at sites you may not otherwise read." Vice Motherboard's Claire Evans says that: "Random never turns into a filter bubble, because it perpetually injects the irrational into my experience… in a cocktail of relevancy and serendipity."
The app has been said to have a unique minimalistic user experience. Kit Eaton of New York Times commented that Random "let's you browse the news in a different way to all the other news sites you've probably ever used." Mashable reviewed Random by concluding that the "app may be one of the most simple content-discovery apps on the market."
References
Mobile applications
IOS software |
6901183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widespread%20Bloodshed%20Love%20Runs%20Red | Widespread Bloodshed Love Runs Red | Widespread Bloodshed Love Runs Red is the only studio album by American thrash metal band No Mercy, released in 1987 by Suicidal Records.
In 1989 "Master of No Mercy", "Controlled by Hatred", "My Own Way of Life", and "Waking the Dead" were re-recorded by Suicidal Tendencies for their Controlled by Hatred/Feel Like Shit...Déjà Vu album, after Mike Clark had joined their band. "We're Evil", "Crazy But Proud", "I'm Your Nightmare", and "Widespread Bloodshed - Love Runs Red" were later re-recorded by Suicidal Tendencies for their No Mercy Fool!/The Suicidal Family album.
Track listing
"We're Evil"
"Crazy But Proud"
"Master of No Mercy"
"Day of the Damned"
"Controlled by Hatred"
"I'm Your Nightmare"
"Widespread Bloodshed - Love Runs Red"
"My Own Way of Life"
"Waking the Dead"
Personnel
Mike Muir – vocals
Mike Clark – guitar
Ric Clayton – bass
Sal Troy – drums
Produced by Mike Muir
References
1987 debut albums
No Mercy (metal band) albums |
6901215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20sleeper%20shark | Little sleeper shark | The little sleeper shark (Somniosus rostratus) is a small sleeper shark of the family Somniosidae found in the northeast Atlantic, western Mediterranean, and western Pacific around New Zealand, at depths between 200 and 1,000 m. Its length is up to 1.43 m.
Distribution
This species is rarely encountered. It has in the northeast Atlantic and western Mediterranean. It has also been found in Israel and Cuba.
Habitat
Although currently the species has been found in water at depths of 180-2200m, it is possible that it may range deeper. It is a bathydemersal species found above sandy mud substrate on the outer continental shelves and on the upper slopes.
Ecology
Reproduction and Growth
S. rostratus reaches a maximum size of 140 cm. Males mature at 71 cm. Females mature at 80 cm and are aplacental viviparous, giving birth to 8-17 pups per litter. Much about the reproduction of this species is still unknown.
Diet
This species feeds on cephalopods such as those of the genus Histioteuthis and Todarodes sagittatus. Although the species is often caught using fishing gears for bottom-dwelling fish, the presence of these fast-moving prey items in stomach contents suggests that this organism moves throughout the deeper areas of the water column. This may partially explain the lower than expected rates of capture in deep demersal fisheries.
Threats
S. rostratus is occasionally taken on longlines and in bottom trawls in the eastern Atlantic. It is often recorded under the category "sleeper sharks" or "sharks". It is often discarded at sea when caught on the Mediterranean coast of Spain and not landed. Post-discard survival is likely very rare, though. The fish has also been historically fished for off the coast of Portugal, however by 1996 this industry had all but ended.
This animal is also caught as bycatch of general demersal and black scabbardfish fisheries in the Azores.
These threats are compounded by the fact that, like other Squaloid sharks, the Little Sleeper shark is likely to be slow to mature, and the relatively small range of the fish.
Conservation
Although no species-specific conservation measures are in place, the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean has banned bottom trawling below depths of 1000m. More information is needed on the species before detailed protection can be brought in to action.
References
IUCN Redlist
Somniosus
Fish described in 1827
Fish of the Mediterranean Sea |
20469268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20B.%20MacKinnon | J. B. MacKinnon | James Bernard MacKinnon, commonly cited as J.B. MacKinnon, is a Canadian journalist, contributing editor and book author. MacKinnon is best known for co-authoring with Alisa Smith the bestselling book The 100-Mile Diet: A Year of Local Eating, encouraging readers to focus on local eating as a way to address current environmental and economic issues. MacKinnon and Smith also collaborated in the creation of the Food Network Canada television series The 100 Mile Challenge, based on the book. He has won six National Magazine Awards, and the 2006 Charles Taylor Prize for best work of Literary Non-Fiction.
As a contributing editor to Canadian magazines Adbusters, Explore, and Vancouver, and freelance journalist, MacKinnon's writings span many literary genres and topics, including travel, sports, and politics. MacKinnon's first book, Dead Man in Paradise, combines family history and unsolved mystery in the retelling of the murder of MacKinnon's uncle, a Canadian priest, in 1965 in the Dominican Republic. It won the Charles Taylor Prize. In 2008, MacKinnon co-authored I Live Here with Mia Kirshner, Michael Simons, and Paul Shoebridge, a collection of stories about victims of crisis throughout the globe. In 2011, he wrote the script for the interactive web documentary Bear 71, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. MacKinnon lives in Vancouver, British Columbia.
In 2021 he published The Day the World Stops Shopping: How ending consumerism gives us a better life and a greener world.
Notes
See also
The I Live Here Projects
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
Journalists from British Columbia
Canadian magazine writers
Canadian magazine editors
Writers from Vancouver |
44496424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryovrysi%2C%20Larissa | Kryovrysi, Larissa | Kryovrysi (, ) is a village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the community of Karya of which it was a communal district. The 2011 census recorded 83 inhabitants in the village. The community of Kryovrysi covers an area of 36.467 km2.
Population
According to the 2011 census, the population of the settlement of Kryovrysi was 83 people, an increase of almost 15% compared with the population of the previous census of 2001.
See also
List of settlements in the Larissa regional unit
References
Populated places in Larissa (regional unit) |
44496434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopko | Hopko | Hopko is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Basil Hopko (1904–1976), Slovak Greek Catholic bishop
Hanna Hopko (born 1982), Ukrainian politician and journalist
Thomas Hopko (1939–2015), American Orthodox Christian priest and theologian |
44496449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Watts%20%28disambiguation%29 | Richard Watts (disambiguation) | Richard Watts (1529–1579) was an English businessman and MP for Rochester.
Richard Watts may also refer to:
Richard Watts (politician) (born 1975), British Labour Party politician
Richard Watts Jr. (1898–1981), theatre critic
Richard C. Watts (1853–1930), American judge
See also
Richard Watt (disambiguation) |
44496461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20beckeralis | Cliniodes beckeralis | Cliniodes beckeralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in Colima in coastal western Mexico.
The length of the forewings is about 12 mm for males and 12–14 mm for females. The forewings are white with black and dark grey lines and postmedial area. The costa is dark brownish grey and the basal area is white. The hindwings are white. Adults have been recorded on wing in June.
Etymology
The species is named for Dr. Vitor Osmar Becker.
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
44496476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Nash | Adam Nash | Adam Nash may refer to:
Adam Nash (savior sibling)
Adam Nash (executive)
Adam Nash, character in The Country of Marriage |
17332989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Keamy | Martin Keamy | First Sergeant Martin Christopher Keamy is a fictional character played by Kevin Durand in the fourth season and sixth season of the American ABC television series Lost. Keamy is introduced in the fifth episode of the fourth season as a crew member aboard the freighter called the Kahana that is offshore the island where most of Lost takes place. In the second half of the season, Keamy served as the primary antagonist. He is the leader of a mercenary team hired by billionaire Charles Widmore (played by Alan Dale) that is sent to the island on a mission to capture Widmore's enemy Ben Linus (Michael Emerson) from his home, then torch the island.
Unlike Lost's ensemble of characters who, according to the writers, each have good and bad intentions, the writers have said that Keamy is evil and knows it. Durand was contacted for the role after one of Lost's show runners saw him in the 2007 film 3:10 to Yuma. Like other Lost actors, Durand was not informed of his character's arc when he accepted the role. Throughout Durand's nine-episode stint as a guest star in the fourth season, little was revealed regarding Keamy's life prior to his arrival on the island and Durand cited this as a reason why the audience "loved to hate" his villainous character. Critics praised the writers for breaking Lost tradition and creating a seemingly heartless character, while Durand's performance and appearance were also reviewed positively. Keamy returned in the final season for a tenth and eleventh appearance.
Arc
Originally from Las Vegas, Nevada, Martin Keamy was a First Sergeant of the United States Marine Corps, serving with distinction from 1996 to 2001. In the three years before the events of Lost in 2004, he worked with various mercenary organizations in Uganda. In fall 2004, Keamy is hired by Widmore to lead a mercenary team to the island via freighter then helicopter and extract Ben for a large sum of money. Once he captures Ben, Keamy has orders to kill everyone on the island (including the forty-plus survivors of the September 22, 2004 crash of Oceanic Airlines Flight 815: the protagonists of the series) by torching it.
Keamy boards the freighter Kahana in Suva, Fiji sometime between December6 and December 10. On the night of December 25, helicopter pilot Frank Lapidus (Jeff Fahey) flies Keamy and his mercenary team, which consists of Omar (Anthony Azizi), Lacour, Kocol, Redfern and Mayhew, to the island. On December 27, the team ambushes several islanders in the jungle, taking Ben's daughter Alex Linus (Tania Raymonde) hostage and killing her boyfriend Karl (Blake Bashoff) and her mother Danielle Rousseau (Mira Furlan). The team infiltrates the Barracks compound where Ben resides, blowing up the house of 815 survivor Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) and fatally shooting three 815 survivors (played by extras). Keamy attempts to negotiate for Ben's surrender in exchange for the safe release of Alex. Believing that he is bluffing, Ben does not comply, and Keamy shoots Alex dead. Ben retaliates by summoning the island's smoke monster, which brutally assaults the mercenaries and fatally wounds Mayhew.
Upon returning to the freighter, Keamy unsuccessfully attempts to kill Michael Dawson (Harold Perrineau), whom he has discovered is Ben's spy, then obtains the "secondary protocol" from a safe. The protocol contains instructions from Widmore for finding Ben if he finds out Keamy's intention to torch the island, which he apparently had. The protocol contains details about a 1980s research station called the "Orchid" that was previously run by a group of scientists working for the Dharma Initiative. Keamy is also informed by Captain Gault that Keamy and his mercenary squad may be suffering from some sort of mental sickness, a notion Keamy dismisses. Later in the day, Omar straps a dead man's switch to Keamy, rigged to detonate C4 on the freighter if Keamy's heart stops beating. That night, Frank refuses to fly the mercenaries to the island. In a display of power, Keamy slits the throat of the ship's doctor Ray (Marc Vann) and throws him overboard and later outdraws and shoots Captain Gault (Grant Bowler) during a tense standoff. Frank flies the remaining five mercenaries back to the island. On December 30, the team apprehends Ben at the Orchid and takes him to the chopper where they are ambushed and killed by Ben's people—referred to as the "Others" by the 815 survivors—and 815 survivors Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) and Sayid Jarrah (Naveen Andrews). After a chase to recapture Ben and a brawl with Sayid, Keamy is shot in the back by Richard Alpert (Nestor Carbonell), who leaves him for dead, unaware of Keamy's bulletproof vest. Later, Keamy descends into the Orchid's underground level via its elevator to stalk Ben, who hides in the shadows. Goading Ben with taunts about his daughter's death, Keamy is ambushed by Ben, who beats him into submission with an expandable baton before stabbing him repeatedly in the neck. Though Locke attempts to save his life for the sake of the freighter, Keamy dies and the dead man's trigger detonates the explosives on the freighter, killing nearly everyone aboard.
In the afterlife, Keamy is a business associate of Mr. Paik, Sun's (Yunjin Kim) father. Mr. Paik sends Jin (Daniel Dae Kim) to LA to give Keamy a watch and $25,000, intended to be Keamy's reward for killing Jin. However, the money is confiscated at customs in LAX, and Keamy is disappointed to discover it missing. He takes Jin to a restaurant and has him tied up in a freezer. Shortly after, Omar, one of Keamy's henchmen, captures Sayid and brings him to the same restaurant. Keamy explains to Sayid that his brother has been shot because he borrowed money and failed to pay it back. After Keamy threatens Sayid's family, Sayid retaliates and shoots Keamy in the chest, presumably killing him.
Personality
During the casting process, Keamy was described as a military type in his late-twenties who does not question orders. Chris Carabott of IGN wrote that "in a show that features characters fraught with uncertainty, Keamy is the polar opposite and his Marine mentality definitely sets him apart. His team has a physical advantage and with the help of Mr. Widmore, they have a tactical advantage as well. Keamy is like a bulldog being thrown into a cage full of kittens (except for [Iraqi military torturer] Sayid)". Jay Glatfelter of The Huffington Post, stated that "Keamy is Crazy! … out of all the bad guys on the Island—past, present, and future—Keamy has to be one of the most dangerous ones. Not because of how big he is, or the weaponry, but his willingness to kill at the drop of a hat. That doesn't bode well for our Losties [protagonists]." Co-show runner/executive producer/writer Carlton Cuse has stated that he and the other writers create "complex" characters because they "are interested in exploring how good and evil can be embodied in the same characters and [the writers are also intrigued] the struggles we all have[,] to overcome the dark parts of our souls"; however, he later clarified that there is an exception: "Keamy's bad, he knows he's bad, but he's... a guy that does the job." Damon Lindelof stated that "the great thing about Keamy is that he is like a... merciless survivor. [There]'s this great moment [in the season finale] where he just sort of hackie-sacks [a grenade thrown at him] over to where [his ally] Omar is standing. Omar is certainly an acceptable casualty as far as Keamy is concerned." According to a featurette in the Lost: The Complete Fourth Season – The Expanded Experience DVD set, Keamy likes "heavy weaponry" and "physical fitness" and dislikes "negotiations" and "doctors".
Development
A remake of the 1957 film 3:10 to Yuma opened in theaters on September 7, 2007. Lost's co-show runner/executive producer/head writer/co-creator Damon Lindelof enjoyed Kevin Durand's supporting performance as Tucker and checked to see if he was available for a role on Lost. The casting director had Durand read a page of dialogue for the new character Keamy; Durand was offered the role in early October and he traveled to Honolulu in Hawaii—where Lost is filmed on location—by October 17, 2007. A former stand-up comic and rapper from Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, with the stage name "Kevy D", Durand had seen only around six episodes of Lost by the time he won the part. When he was shooting, he was confused by the story, later stating "I didn't want to know anything or be attached to anybody. I'm glad I didn't. But now that I'm on it, I'll watch all of it." Durand revealed his appreciation for the cast, crew and scripts and the fact that he had the chance to act as someone with a similar physical appearance to himself, as he had previously done roles that had not prompted recognition from viewers on the street.
Durand was never informed of his character's arc and only learned more of Keamy's importance to the plot as he received new scripts; thus, he was thrilled when the role was expanded for his third appearance, in "The Shape of Things to Come", when he kills Alex and Durand compared his excitement to that of "a kid in a candy store." He also stated that "you really don't know what's going to happen in the next episode and you get the scripts pretty late, so it is pretty secretive and it's kind of exciting that way [because] you're really forced to get in the moment and say the words and play the guy". Durand was initially met with negative reaction from fans on the street for this action and he defended his murderous character by arguing that it was actually more Ben's fault for failing to negotiate with Keamy; later, fans warmed up to Keamy. Despite the antagonist's increasing popularity and fanbase, it became apparent to Durand that fans were hoping for Keamy's death in what promised to be a showdown in the season finale. Throughout his nine-episode run, Keamy never receives an episode in which his backstory is developed through flashbacks and Durand holds this partially responsible for the negative reaction to his character, saying that the audience "[has not] really seen anything outside of Keamy's mission, so I think they definitely want him put down." Following the season's conclusion, Durand stated that he would not be surprised if his character returned in the fifth season and concluding that "Lost was really fun. If I can have that experience in any genre, I'd take it."
Durand returned for the sixth-season episodes "Sundown" and "The Package", following a twenty-two episode absence since his character's death in the fourth-season finale. Keamy appears in the "flash sideways" parallel timeline in September 2004 working for Sun Kwon's father Mr. Paik to assassinate her new husband Jin Kwon (Daniel Dae Kim) upon the couple's arrival in Los Angeles. Keamy and his sidekick Omar are also extorting money from Sayid's brother Omer, prompting Sayid to shoot them both, aiding Jin's rescue process.
Reception
Professional television critics deemed Martin Keamy a welcome addition to the cast. Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly commented that Kevin Durand "is emerging as a real find this season; he plays that mercenary part with a scene-stealing mix of menace and damaged vulnerability." After Jensen posted what he thought were the fifteen best moments of the season, the New York Post's Jarett Wieselman "ha[d] to complain about one glaring omission from EW's list: Martin Keamy. I have loved this character all season long—and not just solely for [his] physical attributes... although those certainly don't hurt." Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger reflected, "He was only on the show for a season and not featured all that much in that season, but Kevin Durand always made an impression as Keamy. Lots of actors might have his sheer physical size, but there's a sense of danger (insanity?) that you can't build at the gym, you know?" IGN's Chris Carabott wrote that "Keamy is one of the more striking new additions to Lost [in the fourth] season... and is a welcome addition to the Lost universe." Maureen Ryan of The Chicago Tribune stated that Keamy has "so much charisma" and she would "rather find out more about [him] than most of the old-school Lost characters". TV Guide's Bruce Fretts agreed with a reader's reaction to Durand's "chilling portrayal" of Keamy and posted it in his weekly column. The reader, nicknamed "huntress", wrote "love him or hate him, nobody is neutral when it comes to Keamy, which is the hallmark of a well-played villain. Even the camera seems to linger on Durand, who conveys malice with just a look or tilt of his head. This role should give Durand's career a well-deserved boost". Following his demise, Whitney Matheson of USA Today noted that "it seems Keamy, Lost's camouflaged baddie, is turning into a bit of a cult figure." A "hilarious" blog containing Keamy digitally edited into various photographs, posters and art titled "Keamy's Paradise" was set up in early June 2008. TV Squad's Bob Sassone thought that the blog was "a great idea" and "funny" and he called Keamy "the Boba Fett of Lost". In 2009, Kevin Durand was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Guest Starring Role in a Television Series.
Reaction to the antagonist's death was mixed. Kristin Dos Santos of E! criticized the writing for Keamy when he futilely asks Sayid where his fellow 815 survivors are so that he can kill them, but enjoyed his attractive physique, writing that "that guy is deep-fried evil, and he must die horribly for what he did to Alex, but in the meantime, well, he's certainly a well-muscled young man". The Huffington Post's Jay Glatfelter also called for Keamy's death, stating that "nothing would be better to me than him getting run over by Hurley's Dharma Bus", alluding to a scene in the third-season finale. Dan Compora of SyFy Portal commented that "Keamy took a bit too long to die. Yes, he was wearing a bulletproof vest so it wasn't totally unexpected, but it was a bit predictable." In a review of the season finale, Erin Martell of AOL's TV Squad declared her disappointment in the conclusion of Keamy's arc, stating that "it's always a shame when the hot guys die, [especially when] Kevin Durand did an amazing job with the character … he'll be missed." In a later article titled "Lost Season Four Highlights", Martell noted Durand's "strong performance" that was "particularly fun to watch" and wrote that "we [the audience] all know that Widmore's the big bad, but Keamy became the face of evil on the island in his stead."
References
Fictional characters from Las Vegas
Television characters introduced in 2008
Fictional mercenaries
Fictional murderers
Fictional United States Marine Corps personnel
Lost (TV series) characters
Male characters in television |
44496477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando%20Fitz-James%20Stuart%2C%2017th%20Duke%20of%20Hu%C3%A9scar | Fernando Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Huéscar | Fernando Juan Fitz-James Stuart y de Solís, 17th Duke of Huéscar, GE (born 14 September 1990), is a Spanish aristocrat. He is the current Duke of Huéscar, and heir apparent to the dukedom of Alba and thereby to the headship of the House of Alba.
Life and family
He was born in Madrid and is the elder son of Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba (born 2 October 1948), and Matilde de Solís-Beaumont y Martínez-Campos (born in Navarre, Spain, 13 June 1963). On 1 February 2016, he received the title of Duke of Huéscar (the traditional title of the heir to the House of Alba since the 16th century), which title was ceded by his father.
He studied in Madrid at The College for International Studies, where he met his future wife. He married his longtime girlfriend Sofía Palazuelo Barroso, daughter of Fernando Palazuelo and Sofía Barroso, on 6 October 2018 at Liria Palace in a ceremony attended by Queen Sofía of Spain, King Simeon II of Bulgaria and Princess Anne, Duchess of Calabria.
On 8 September 2020 they had a daughter, Rosario, born at Hospital de Nuestra Señora del Rosario, in Madrid. She was baptized on 29 May 2021 in the Church of San Román (Seville). She received the names of Rosario Matilde Sofía Cayetana Dolores Teresa.
Ancestry
Fernando’s patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son.
Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in Ducal Houses, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that Fernando’s historically accurate House name is Irujo.
Juan Martínez de Irujo
Martín Martínez de Irujo y Tavar, born 1613
Juan Martínez de Irujo y Mearín, born 1648
Francisco Martínez de Irujo y Éspoz, born 1678
Manuel Martínez de Irujo y de Erice, born 1718
Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 1st Marquess of Casa Irujo, 1763–1824
Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 2nd Marquess of Casa Irujo, 1803–1855
Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 8th Duke of Sotomayor, 1846–1909
Pedro Martínez de Irujo, 9th Duke of Sotomayor, 1882–1957
Luis Martínez de Irujo y Artázcoz, 1919–1972
Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba, 1948
Fernando Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Huéscar, 1990
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles
Dukedoms
17th Duke of Huéscar, Grandee of Spain
Styles
1990–2016: The Most Excellent Don Carlos Martínez de Irujo y Fitz-James Stuart
2016–present: The Most Excellent The Duke of Huéscar
Honours
Arms
References
|-
Living people
1990 births
Nobility from Madrid
Dukes of Huéscar
Fernando
Grandees of Spain |
44496485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjesme%20iz%20Bosne | Pjesme iz Bosne | Pjesme iz Bosne (Songs from Bosnia) is the debut release by Bosnian folk singer Zehra Deović. It was released 11 December 1962 and re-released with an alternate cover in 1964 through the label Jugoton.
Track listing
Personnel
Instruments
Ismet Alajbegović – accordion
Jovica Petković – accordion
Crew
Jozo Ćetković – photography
References
1962 EPs
Zehra Deović albums
Jugoton EPs |
17333006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cbaku%20Station | Ōbaku Station | is a train station located in Uji, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and Keihan Electric Railway. It has the Keihan station number "KH75", and the JR West station number "JR-D08".
Lines
Ōbaku Station is served by the JR West Nara Line and by the Keihan Uji Line.
Layout
The Keihan station and the JR station are separate structures not connected directly.
Keihan Railway
The Keihan station has two side platforms serving one track each.
Platforms
JR West
The JR West station has two side platforms serving one track each.
Platforms
Passenger statistics
According to Kyoto Prefecture statistics, the average number of passengers per day is as follows.
Adjacent stations
Surrounding area
Kyoto University Uji Campus
External links
Keihan station information
Railway stations in Kyoto Prefecture
Stations of West Japan Railway Company |
17333045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimurodo%20Station | Mimurodo Station | is a train station located in Uji, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.
Lines
Keihan Electric Railway
Uji Line
Adjacent stations
Railway stations in Kyoto Prefecture |
44496490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armavir%20%28ancient%20city%29 | Armavir (ancient city) | Armavir () (also called Armaouira in antiquity) was a large commercial city and the capital of ancient Armenia during the reign of the Orontid dynasty. It is located 1 km west of the 17th-century village of Armavir.
History
Antiquity
The area of ancient Armavir has been inhabited since the 6th millennium BC. Various obsidian instruments, bronze objects and pottery have been found from that period. Armenian legend held the city to have founded by King Aramais, a grandson of Hayk, in 1980 BC.
During the first half of the 8th century BC, King Argishti I of Urartu built a fortress in the area and named it Argishtikhinili. In 331 BC, when Armenia under the Orontid dynasty asserted its independence from the Achaemenid Empire, Armavir was chosen as the capital of Armenia. Slabs of clay have been found from the Achaemenid period written in the Elamite language concerning episodes of the Gilgamesh epic. Various inscriptions in Hellenistic Greek carved around the third century BC, have been found, including poetry from Hesiod, lines from Euripides, a list of Macedonian months, and names of Orontid Kings.
According to the 5th-century Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi, Armavir was the first capital of the Kingdom of Armenia (although, from a geographical standpoint, the first capital of Armenia was Van). Movses' history preserves a tradition that when King Valarsace the Parthian settled in Armavir (ca. 149 BC), he built a temple there and asked prince aspet (knight) Smbat of the Bagratuni Dynasty to give up his religion and worship idols. But Smbat refused to comply. Movses also relates that when King Tigranes II (whom he places on the throne from 90 to 36 BC), in order to take revenge on Queen Cleopatra of Egypt, sent an expedition to Palestine, he carried a great number of Jews into captivity, and settled them in Armavir and in Vardges. Movses goes on to state that later Jews were transferred from Armavir to Yervandashat, and under King Artashes I, were again transferred into the new capital Artashat. When King Sapor II of Persia invaded Armenia (360–370), he led away from Artashat 30,000 Armenian and 9,000 Jewish families, the latter brought by King Tigranes from Judea, and then completely destroyed the city.
In 591 during the reign of emperor Maurice, Armavir (then called Armaouira) and much of Armenia came under Roman administration after the Romans defeated the Sassanid Persian Empire at the battle of the Blarathon.
During Antiquity, Armavir was taken by the Seleucids, Parthians, Roman Empire, Sassanids and Byzantine Empire before it was taken over by the Arabs in 645.
Medieval Armavir
Arab rule lasted until the first quarter of the ninth century. The Sajids managed this region in the 9th century. After that, the Armenian Bagratuni Dynasty returned this city under Armenian control (Bagratuni Armenia). The Byzantine Empire reconquered this region in 1045 but lost it to the Seljuk Turks in 1064, who renamed the city Sardarabad. This region was changed hands beteween Armenians, Georgians, Eldiguzids and the Khwarezmid Empire after the Seljuks' decline. The Mongols captured this region in 1239 and founded Ilkhanid state in 1256. This region came under the control of the Chupanids in 1353, the Jalayirids in 1357 and the Kara Koyunlu in 1388. Tamerlane captured this region in 1400. Qara Yusuf retook this region in 1407 from Timurid Empire. However Shah Rukh who was a Timurid ruler captured this region in 1421 and in 1429. Jahan Shah who was a Kara Koyunlu ruler captured it in 1447.
Ottoman-Persian rule
Kara Koyunlu's sovereignty lasted until Uzun Hasan, ruler of Ak Koyunlu, conquered it in 1468. Ak Koyunlu's sovereignty lasted until 1501, Ismail I's conquest. Ismail I was founder of Safavid Dynasty. This region was temporarily occupied by Ottoman Empire in 1514, in 1534, in 1548 and in 1553. It was then conquered by Ottoman Empire in 1585 but retaken by the Safavid ruler Abbas I of Persia in 1603. Under the rule of Abbas I, the Armenians of Armavir were resettled in Persia and ancient Armavir was finally abandoned.
The settlement remained abandoned until 1613, when 7 Armenian families rebuilt a new village just 1 km east of the ancient site of Armavir.
It was occupied by Ottomans between 1635–1636 and 1724–1736. At the fall of the Safavid Empire, Armavir became part of the Erivan Khanate.
Russian rule
The Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) began due to Persian demand to reconquer the territories lost to Russia between 1804 and 1813. At first, the Persians repulsed the Russians from the South Caucasus in 1826. However, Russian general and commander of the Russian army, Ivan Paskevich, reconquered South Caucasus and extended its territories to include the Erivan Khanate in 1827.
This region formally passed from Persian to Russian sovereignty after the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828. Armavir became the Sardarabad uyezd of the Armenian Oblast, which itself became the Erivan Governorate in 1840. This situation lasted until the February Revolution in 1917.
1917 revolutions and Armenian-Ottoman War
After the February Revolution, the region was under the authority of Special Transcaucasian Committee of the Russian Provisional Government and subsequently the short-lived Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. When the TDFR was dissolved in May 1918, this region passed to First Republic of Armenia, having a conspicuous role in Armenian history due to Battle of Sardarapat. There, the Armenian forces staved off extermination and repulsed the Ottoman Army whose campaign in the Caucasus was aimed at occupying Yerevan.
However, the Ottomans did occupy most of the Erivan Governorate, forcing the Armenians to sign the Treaty of Batum in June 1918. The Ottoman Army retreated after signing Armistice of Mudros at the end of 1918 and so Armavir returned to Democratic Republic of Armenia in November 1918.
References
Former capitals of Armenia
Populated places established in the 8th century BC
Populated places disestablished in the 17th century
Archaeological sites in Armenia
Forts in Armenia
Buildings and structures in Armavir Province
Armavir Province |
23573073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepom%C4%9B%C5%99ice | Nepoměřice | Nepoměřice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Bedřichov and Miletice are administrative parts of Nepoměřice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
17333088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uji%20Station%20%28Keihan%29 | Uji Station (Keihan) | is a train station on the Keihan Railway Uji Line in Uji, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, and it is the terminal station on the Uji Line.
The station building, designed by architect Hiroyuki Wakabayashi, was awarded the Good Design Award in 1996.
In 2000, the station was selected as one of "Best 100 Stations in Kinki Region" by Kinki District Transport Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
Layout
The station has an island platform with two tracks on the ground.
Surroundings
Uji Bridge
Ujigami Shrine
Agata Shrine
The Tale of Genji Museum
Kōshōji
Byōdōin
Tsūen Tea
Uji Station (JR West)
Adjacent stations
References
External links
Station information by Keihan Electric Railway
Railway stations in Kyoto Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1913 |
6901225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drascombe | Drascombe | The word Drascombe is a trademark that was first registered by John Watkinson who applied it to a series of sailing boats which he designed and built in the period 1965–79 and sold in the United Kingdom (UK). They comprised the Coaster, Cruiser Longboat, Dabber, Drifter, Driver, Gig, Launch, Longboat, Lugger, Peterboat, Scaffie, Scaith and Skiff, together with a few other one-offs. They have wide and deep cockpits, adaptable boomless rigs and high bulwarks.
The word drascombe is also used as a generic term for any boat built to a design by John Watkinson. These include both 'the Drascombe range' build by Churchouse Boats and the 'Original Devon' range produced by Honnor Marine,
The Caboteur and Drifter 22 have been designed and built recently following the design principles developed by John Watkinson.
John Watkinson died in 1997 and the trademark is now owned by his surviving family. Current builders include Churchouse Boats Limited, Honor Marine & East West Custom Boats.
Past licensees include McNulty; John Elliott and Douglas Elliott Boatbuilders (licensed to build in wood); and Kelly and Hall, which built the original production Luggers in wood.
Design principles
There are basically two types of drascombe. There are undecked open day sailers and one or two-berth weekenders. They were originally designed and built in marine plywood using glued lapstrake construction. As they became more popular, they were then manufactured in GRP.[3]
The hull, typically, consists of four strakes each side, the garboard strakes being wide giving a flat run to the transom whilst having a fairly sharp entry at the stem. There is a recessed rear deck level with side benches and a recessed foredeck. Some models have a small one or two-berth cabin.
The transom slopes back at an angle of about 45 degrees with the top edge sloping forward giving drascombes a distinctive appearance at the stern. Just forward of the transom is a well to take an outboard motor with a slot in the transom that allows the outboard motor to be tilted out of the water when under sail. It also keeps the outboard motor hidden from view.
The usual rig consists of a gunter-rigged mainsail set on the main mast, a mizzen sail set on the mizzen mast sheeted to a bumpkin and a foresail. The tan-coloured sails are all boomless to avoid possible head injury from a gybing boom. The original Drascombe Lugger had a lug sail to start with; this was changed to a gunter mainsail but the name was kept.
The rudder fits in a case which is set in the aft deck in front of the mizzen mast. It can be lifted up into the case when in very shallow water.
A steel centreboard is in a centreboard case with a purchase to lift it.
Some (Dabber and Drifter) have a conventional vertical transom with the rudder hung on the transom.
Some (Skiff, Scaith, Scaffie and Peterboat) were double enders with a canoe stern. Of these, the Skiff has no outboard motor well, just a mini triangular transom to take a small outboard motor when the rudder has been removed.
Flotilla
Caboteur
The Caboteur is based on the drascombe Longboat but modified to the requirements of French drascombe aficionado Jean-Louis Grenier to create his "ultimate drascombe camping cruiser"
Originally in wood epoxy the hull is now available in GRP. It is 8" wider in the beam than the Longboat with 3" more freeboard. The rig is also larger and a cruising chute can be set to a bowsprit.
Jean-Louis' boat has a large sleeping platform and a vast amount of dedicated storage. The great number of lockers, together with the added beam and freeboard make the sailing weight nearly twice that of a Longboat.
Coaster
A trailer-sailer with a two-berth cabin (and, with the addition of a cockpit tent, room for two more) including cooking and toilet facilities. Replaced the Cruiser Longboat, having a much improved specification, especially with regard to the cockpit and cabin layouts.
Cruiser Longboat
A Longboat with a cabin of two berths or one berth and a galley bench. Unlike the open Longboat and other drascombes a boom was fitted to the mainsail. Designed to appeal more to private buyers than the open version, the Cruiser Longboat was introduced and sold side by side with the standard open boat. Introduced in 1970 and replaced in 1979 by the Coaster. Over 400 were built. The wooden versions were all custom built and differ considerably from the GRP versions.
Dabber
Although smaller than the Lugger, the Dabber carries a full yawl rig on main and mizzen masts. However, the Dabber can easily be distinguished by its bowsprit and transom-hung rudder.
Drifter
A cruising boat with a cabin and choice of outboard well or 6-8 hp Sabb inboard Diesel engine. Draft 2'+. Long keel with fixed bilge plates. Original spec included sails with roller-reef jib, pramhood canopy, two-burner paraffin cooker, flushing chemical toilet, fitted bilge pump, anchor warp and chain; anti-fouling below waterline. An optional tent was also available, extending sleeping accommodation from two to four adults.
Drifter 22
At the 2007 London Boat Show Churchouse Boats launched the Drifter 22.
Paul Fisher of Selway-Fisher was employed to revise the design of the original Drifter.
The prototype was built in wood/epoxy but moulds have been made and production boats are manufactured in GRP.
In 2021 Churchouse Boats re-launched the Drifter 22 with a Mark II model, under the Drascombe Boats brand.
Driver
An 18' version of the Launch hull with bilge fins for sailing. A Watermota Shrimp inboard petrol engine with fully feathering propeller was fitted. A petrol/paraffin version of the Watermota or even a diesel were available to special order. For sailing it had a standing lug rig similar to the Dabber but with a slightly larger jib and mainsail.
Gig
Never intended for the private buyer, the Gig is a pure sail training craft designed for use by Navies. Previously, the Royal Navy used the Montagu Whaler for this purpose, but these boats were getting well past their best, and new ones have not been built since the 1950s. The Longboat was considered too small, so the Gig was designed for this specific market. The French navy now uses four Gigs for this purpose.
Today a number of privately owned Gigs are about - two were fitted with cabins (Hippo and Gig). One was fitted with a tent to allow for extensive cruising (The City of London).
In private hands the Gig is not for the novice. She has a fairly big sail area and handles and feels like a big boat. At the same time, once in tune with her, she gives her crew great confidence by her easily reefed lug sail and her sea keeping capabilities.
Launch
Based on the Dabber hull and introduced in 1973, the Launch was designed for river and lake fishing. Fitted with a Watermota Shrimp inboard engine and a Dabber mizzen as a steadying sail. Not a very successful model, only 12 being built.
Longboat
Essentially a stretched Lugger, and originally intended as a training craft for sailing schools, Sea Scouts, etc.
Lugger
The boat that started it all, and still as immensely popular as at its introduction at the Earls Court (London) Boat Show in 1968, when the first wooden production boat, Luka was sold within 29 minutes of the show opening to the public. Luka is now located in the National Maritime Museum Cornwall. The epitome of rugged simplicity, reliability, and seaworthiness in an open boat, the Lugger is equally at home pottering with the kids or undertaking more adventurous expeditions.
Peterboat
Designed by John Watkinson in 1973, the Peterboat was not mass-produced and never built in GRP. Only about 10 wooden boats were built by John Elliott, John Kerr, and Norman Whyte. There was an original version of a Peterboat built by John Watkinson, similar decking arrangement to the drascombe Lugger, but with a gunter rig sporting a curved yard with a large jib,(similar to the rig on 'Cariad') only the one was ever built.
Scaffie
A smaller drascombe for single-handed sailing, the Scaffie has no centreboard, relying instead on a long central keel and two bilge stub keels. Rig is a single standing lugsail.
Scaith
Double ended open boat with a standing lug main, small offset mizzen with bumkin and a jib, a folding rudder and galvanised steel centreplate. An outboard motor well is incorporated on the aft port side to carry a small (2 hp) outboard motor. The forerunner to the Peterboat 4.5m.
Skiff
Similar to the Scaffie but with a narrower beam, the Skiff was designed in 1970 and John Watkinson built the first three boats of around 30 that were built in wood by Doug Elliott at John Elliott Boatbuilders. A GRP version wasn't available until 1996.
History
1902 "Captain James McNulty starts family business. As stevedores it employed ship carpenters, but had difficulty retaining them to work casually and so to ensure continuity of employment, it was decided they build small rowing boats."
c. 1955 John Elliott joins Kelly and Hall as boatbuilder.
1958 John Watkinson buys Kelly and Hall.
1960 Honnor Marine founded by Pat Honnor.
1962/63 John Watkinson designs and builds three sixteen foot mackerel boats (wood).
1964 John Watkinson sells Kelly and Hall.
1965 John Watkinson moves to Drascombe Barton. John Watkinson designs and builds first Drascombe Lugger 'Katharine Mary'.
1966 New owners of Kelly and Hall produce Drascombe Lugger in wood.
1968 Earls Court Boat Show. Exhibit Drascombe Lugger sold in 20 minutes, 11 ordered. John Watkinson grants Honnor Marine a sole licence to build Drascombe Luggers in GRP.
1969 Honnor Marine produces first GRP Drascombe Lugger and exhibits at London Boat Show. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Longboat, a stretched Drascombe Lugger; and Drascombe Cruiser Longboat.
1970 Drascombe Longboat and Drascombe Cruiser Longboat built by Honnor Marine in GRP. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Skiff, built in wood. Kelly and Hall ceases trading. John Elliott takes over premises and starts John Elliott (Boatbuilder) with his brother Doug building wooden Drascombes.
c. 1970 In Llandysul, Cardiganshire, John Kerr sets up his own workshop, building wooden boats ranging from small clinker dinghies to ocean racing yachts, for over 20 years. Following a meeting with John Watkinson, he becomes one of the earliest licensed builders of the Drascombe range. Overall John built approximately 10 Drascombe boats, many finished to the customer's exact requirements. John died in 2001.
1972 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Dabber. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1973 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Peterboat, built in wood.
1974 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Driver. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP. Honnor Marine goes into receivership.
1975 Honnor Marine continues to trade under a management consortium.
1977 Association of Dutch Drascombe Owners (NKDE) formed. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Drifter. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1978 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Scaffie. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Coaster. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1980 John Elliott dies. Business wound up.
1981 Under the wings of Terry Erskine Yachts Plymouth, Douglas Elliot built one more Drascombe, a Peterboat 4.5 metre, before retiring.
1982 Norman Whyte licensed to build the whole line of Drascombes in wood, continuing until 1995.
1984 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Gig. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1984 Drascombe List started in West Wales by Jeremy Churchouse as a brokerage for used Drascombes.
1987 Drascombe Association formed.
1997 Liquidation of Honnor Marine. Assets sold to Bob Brown, including all the plugs, which are the items for making new moulds as well as all the boat fittings and spars. Bob Brown moves the business up to the North of England where Honnor Marine starts producing the drascombe range under the brand name “The Original Devon Range”. McNulty Boats Ltd, Hebburn, Tyneside, UK is awarded the exclusive licence to use the Drascombe trademark. It makes new moulds and builds the Drascombe range. John Watkinson dies on 19 December.
1998 Stewart Brown (no relation to Bob Brown) takes over Churchouse Boats from Jeremy Churchouse.
2000 Stewart Brown joins McNulty Boats.
2002 McNulty Boats in liquidation. Taken over by Churchouse Boats, led by Stewart Brown, including license to use the Drascombe trademark.
2007 Churchouse Boats exhibits the new Drascombe Drifter 22 at the London Boat Show.
2013 Stewart Brown retires as Director from Churchouse Boats Ltd, Sharon Geary-Harwood and Simon Harwood both become Directors and take over the ownership of the company, including the Sole license to use the Drascombe trademark
2017 Upon retirement, Bob Brown sells Honnor Marine to Tim and April Altham, who relocate the business in Swanage, Dorset, and continue to produce the “Original Devon Range” as Honnor Marine Classics Ltd.
2018 Stewart Brown former owner of Churchouse Boats died on 22 September, a great loss to the Drascombe community.
Notable voyages
David Pyle sailed his wooden Drascombe Lugger Hermes from England to Australia during 1969 and 1970. This was possibly the longest journey ever undertaken in a small open sailing boat (though, later, in 1991, a complete circumnavigation was completed by Anthony Steward in an open 19' boat). Hermes was a standard production model with the exception of a raised foredeck and a few other minor modifications. The boat was built at Kelly and Hall's boatyard at Newton Ferrers by John and Douglas Elliott.
In 1973, Geoff Stewart crossed the Atlantic in a Longboat.
Between 1978 and 1984, Webb Chiles sailed round most of the world in his Luggers Chidiock Tichborne I and Chidiock Tichborne II. Starting in California in Chidiock I, he crossed the Pacific, then the Indian Ocean, before heading into the Red Sea. Near Vanuatu during the Pacific crossing, the boat capsized during bad weather, then drifted for two weeks while he was unable to bail his flooded boat. After becoming damaged, Chidiock I was seized by the Saudi Arabian authorities when Chiles was arrested on suspicion of being a spy. Chiles had a new Lugger, Chiddiock II, shipped to him in Egypt. This he sailed south to cross his previous track and then through the Suez Canal and the Mediterranean Sea out into the Atlantic to La Palma in the Canary Islands. Leaving the boat briefly to visit Tenerife, he returned to find that she had capsized at her mooring in a storm. Finding that he had lost a lot of gear, Chiles decided to end his attempt at circumnavigating in an open boat.
References
External links
Drascombe Boats
Honnor Marine Ltd
Keelboats
1960s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers |
6901231 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timmy%20Fitzpatrick | Timmy Fitzpatrick | Timmy Fitzpatrick was an inter-county hurling player with Laois and Kilcotton. He was Laois's first choice goalkeeper in the 1940s and he gave some heroic displays. In the 1949 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final against Tipperary, Fitzpatrick was lauded as a Laois hero - despite the scoreline.
The following year, he made his sole appearance on the Leinster team. He played in three Laois Senior Hurling Championship finals with his club but never tasted victory.
In 1999, Timmy Fitzpatrick was named on the Laois Hurling Team of the Millennium.
References
Laois GAA Yearbook, 1999
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Laois inter-county hurlers
Kilcotton hurlers |
17333142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory%20Deyermenjian | Gregory Deyermenjian | Gregory Deyermenjian (born 1949, Boston) is a psychologist and explorer. In 1981 he visited the ruins of Vilcabamba la Vieja at Espíritu Pampa, and then turned his attention to the northeast and north of Cusco, Peru. Since the mid-1980s he has made numerous expeditions to Peru investigating Paititi, a legendary lost city that is part of the history and legend of the western Amazon basin. He is a long-term Fellow of The Explorers Club.
He has participated in extensive explorations and documentation of Incan remains in Mameria (1984, '85, '86, and '89); the first ascent of Apu Catinti (1986); the documentation of Incan "barracks" at Toporake (1989); a traverse of the Incan "Road of Stone" past the Plateau of Toporake (1993); the discovery and documentation of Incan and pre-Incan remains in Callanga (1994); the discovery and first ascent of an Incan complex at base of Callanga's peak "Llactapata" (1995); the first visit, exploration, and documentation of the true nature of Manu's Pyramids of Paratoari (1996); he led a six-man Brazilian/Italian/North American expedition to investigate Roland Stevenson's finds following the Incan "Road of Stone" onto the Plateau of Pantiacolla, discovery of "Lago de Ángel" and its Incan platforms north of Río Yavero (1999); and full investigation of claims that Paititi was to be found on Río Choritiari (2000).
In June 2004 the "Quest for Paititi" exploration team of Deyermenjian and ongoing expedition partner Paulino Mamani—along with expedition partner from the 1980s, Goyo Toledo—discovered several important Incan ruins along branches of the Incan Road of Stone at the peak known as Último Punto in the northern part of the Pantiacolla region of Peru.
He has two children, Alec and Jillian.
References
External links
Quest for Paititi, Deyermenjian's 2004 expedition; previous expeditions
Living people
1949 births
American explorers
Fellows of the Explorers Club |
23573077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A9%20Dvory%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Nové Dvory (Kutná Hora District) | Nové Dvory () is a market town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.
Administrative parts
The village of Ovčáry is an administrative part of Nové Dvory.
History
The first written mention of Nové Dvory is from 1370.
Sights
The main landmarks are the Nové Dvory Castle with the Church of Saint Martin, connected together by an arcade corridor. The complex was built in 1686. Today the building of the castle serves as an elementary school.
References
Market towns in the Czech Republic |
17333151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable-hachimang%C5%AB-sanj%C5%8D%20Station | Cable-hachimangū-sanjō Station | is a funicular station located in Yawata, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, on the Keihan Electric Railway Cable Line (Iwashimizu-Hachimangū Cable).
Prior to October 2019, the station was referred to as .
Layout
The station has 2 dead end platforms on the sides of a track, one platform is usually used for getting on and off while the other is used for getting off only during crowded seasons. There is no ticket machine or ticket gates, so that passengers must pay the fare for the Cable Car after getting off at Cable-hachimangū-guchi Station.
Adjacent stations
References
Railway stations in Kyoto Prefecture
Stations of Keihan Electric Railway
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1955 |
23573079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ok%C5%99esane%C4%8D | Okřesaneč | Okřesaneč is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
44496500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghalegaun | Ghalegaun | Ghalegaun () is popular scenic tourist destination with an elevation of 2,100 metres above sea level in Lamjung District. Ghalegaun is also known as Asia’s model tourism village. It lies in kwholasothar rural Municipality of Nepal. The village is situated at approximately 108 km northwest of Kathmandu and 12.5 km northeast of Pokhara, Nepal. The beautiful tourist village is surrounded by Annapurna Circuit. The SAARC Village Tourism Museum is one of the attraction of Ghalegaun which is inaugurated by Bidhya Devi Bhandari in 2017.
The site visitors are increasing day by day and the village is developed as a model touristic destinations in SAARC countries.
Attractions
Cutter
Environmental education
Family travel
Nature cruises
Photography
Singles tour
Senior tours
Religious
Homestay with cultural program
Mountains seen from Ghalegaun
Mount Machhapuchare (6693m)
Mount Annapurna (8091m)
Mount Annapurna II (7939m)
Mount Annapurna IV (7525m)
Mount Lamjung (6932m)
Mount Bouddha (6974m)
Himal Chuli (6747m)
Gallery
References
Populated places in Gandaki Province
Hill stations in Nepal |
23573081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onomy%C5%A1l | Onomyšl | Onomyšl is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages and hamlets of Budy, Křečovice, Miletín and Rozkoš are administrative parts of Onomyšl.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
20469278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag%20Me%20to%20Hell | Drag Me to Hell | Drag Me to Hell is a 2009 American supernatural horror film directed and co-written by Sam Raimi. It stars Alison Lohman, Justin Long, Lorna Raver, Dileep Rao, David Paymer, and Adriana Barraza. The plot, written with his older brother Ivan, focuses on a loan officer, who, because she has to prove to her boss that she can make the "hard decisions", chooses not to extend an elderly woman's mortgage. In retaliation, the woman places a curse on the loan officer that, after three days of escalating torment, will plunge her into the depths of Hell to burn for eternity.
Raimi wrote Drag Me to Hell with his brother before working on the Spider-Man trilogy. The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival and was a box office success, grossing over $90 million worldwide. Drag Me to Hell won the award for Best Horror Film at the 2009 Scream Awards and the 2010 Saturn Awards.
Plot
In 1969 Pasadena, a Hispanic couple seek help from young medium Shaun San Dena, saying their son is ill and hears evil voices after stealing a silver necklace from a Gypsy wagon, despite trying to return it. San Dena prepares a séance, but an unseen force attacks them and drags the boy to Hell. San Dena vows to fight the demon again one day.
In present-day Los Angeles, bank loan officer Christine Brown vies for a promotion to assistant branch manager with her co-worker Stu Rubin. Her boss, Jim Jacks, advises her to demonstrate tough decision-making. Sylvia Ganush, an elderly and disheveled European Roma woman, asks for a third extension on her mortgage. After Christine denies her request, Ganush cries and begs not to have her house repossessed. Security guards arrive and she leaves, angrily accusing Christine of shaming her. In the parking lot, Ganush ambushes and violently attacks Christine. After a long struggle, Ganush rips a button from Christine's coat and curses it. Later, Christine and her boyfriend Clay Dalton visit fortune teller Rham Jas, who tells Christine a dark spirit is haunting her. At home, the entity begins to violently attack Christine. At work, she hallucinates about Ganush and bleeds profusely from her nose while spewing blood on Jacks. As Christine leaves, Stu steals a file from her desk.
Christine goes to beg Ganush for forgiveness but discovers she has recently died. Christine returns to Jas, who explains that as long as she owns the cursed button, a powerful demon known as the Lamia will torment her for three days before dragging her to Hell. He suggests a sacrifice may appease it. Christine reluctantly sacrifices her pet kitten before meeting Clay's parents at their house for dinner, where grotesque hallucinations torment her again.
Christine returns to Jas, who requests a fee of $10,000. He introduces her to San Dena, who prepares a séance to trap Lamia in a goat and kill it. However, the Lamia possesses her and then her assistant, who vomits up the corpse of Christine's cat, saying it wants her soul. San Dena manages to successfully banish the Lamia from the séance, but dies afterwards.
Jas seals the button in an envelope and tells Christine she can only remove the curse by giving the button to someone else. Christine considers giving the envelope to Stu but reconsiders. Instead, she digs up Ganush's grave and gives the corpse the envelope just at dawn. Christine returns home and prepares to meet Clay at Los Angeles Union Station for a weekend trip. Jacks notifies her of the promotion after Stu confessed to stealing her file and was fired.
At the station, Clay, hoping to propose to Christine, hands her the envelope with her missing button he found in his car, unaware of its significance. She realizes she accidentally gave the wrong envelope to Ganush, which means the curse was never lifted. Horrified, Christine backs away and falls onto the tracks, just as fiery, demonic hands emerge. Clay tries to rescue Christine, but a train speeds through and he can only watch as the hands drag her to Hell.
Cast
The film includes cameo appearances by Raimi himself as an uncredited ghost at the séance, his younger brother Ted as a doctor, and his eldest children Emma, Henry, and Lorne in minor roles. Frequent Raimi collaborator Scott Spiegel appears as a mourner at the death feast, while fellow frequent Raimi collaborator John Paxton and Irene Roseen appear as the old couple at the diner.
Production
Background
The original story for Drag Me to Hell was written ten years before the film went into production and was written by Sam Raimi and his brother Ivan Raimi. The film went into production under the name The Curse. The Raimis wrote the script as a morality tale, desiring to write a story about a character who wants to be a good person, but makes a sinful choice out of greed for her own betterment and pays the price for it. The Raimis tried to make the character of Christine the main focal point in the film, and tried to have Christine in almost all the scenes in the film. Elements of the film's story are drawn from the British horror film Night of the Demon (itself an adaptation of M.R. James' short story "Casting the Runes") such as the similar-shaped demons and the three-day curse theme in the film. The most significant parallel is that both stories involve the passing of a cursed object, which has to be passed to someone else, or its possessor will be devoured by one or more demons. Unlike his past horror films, Raimi wanted the film to be rated PG-13 and not strictly driven by gore, stating, "I didn't want to do exactly the same thing I had done before."
After finishing the script, Raimi desired to make the picture after the first draft of the script was completed, but other projects such as the Spider-Man film series became a nearly decade-long endeavor, pushing opportunities to continue work on Drag Me to Hell to late 2007. Raimi offered director Edgar Wright to direct Drag Me to Hell which Wright turned down as he was filming Hot Fuzz and felt that "If I did it, it would just feel like karaoke." After the previous three Spider-Man films, Raimi came back to the script of Drag Me to Hell, wanting to make a simpler and lower-budget film. In 2007, Sam Raimi's friend and producer Robert Tapert of Ghost House Pictures had the company sign on to finance the film. Universal Studios agreed to distribute domestically.
Casting
After completing the script and having the project greenlit, Raimi started casting the film. Elliot Page was originally cast for the main role of Christine, but dropped out of the project due to SAG strike-related scheduling issues. The main role eventually went to Lohman, who did not enjoy horror films, but enjoyed doing the stunts during filming. Stage actress Lorna Raver auditioned for the role of Mrs. Ganush. Raver was not aware of the specific nature of her character until being cast, stating that all she had read was "about a little old lady coming into the bank because they're closing down her house. It was only later that I saw the whole script and said, 'Oh my!'". To prepare for this role, Raver met with a Hungarian dialect coach and asked to have portions of the script translated into Hungarian. Raimi would later ask Raver to use some of the Hungarian words in the scenes of Ganush's attacking Christine. Dileep Rao, who plays Rham Jas, made producer Grant Curtis mildly hesitant in casting him, stating that during his audition "he was a little bit younger than he read in the script. But as we were looking at his reading, Sam said, 'There's no minimum age requirement on wisdom.' Dileep has that wisdom and presence on screen, and that's what made him right. Once he got on camera, he brought that shoulder for Alison to lean on." Many of the actors playing secondary characters in Drag Me to Hell have appeared previously in Raimi's films, including Joanne Baron, Tom Carey, Molly Cheek, Aimee Miles, John Paxton, Ted Raimi, Bill E. Rogers, Chelcie Ross, and Octavia Spencer.
Filming
Raimi said he set out to create "a horror film with lots of wild moments and lots of suspense and big shocks that'll hopefully make audiences jump. But I also wanted to have a lot of dark humor sprinkled throughout. I spent the last decade doing Spider-Man and you come to rely on a lot of people doing things for you and a lot of help, but it's refreshing and wonderful to be reminded that, as with most filmmakers, the best way to do it is yourself, with a tight team doing the main jobs."
Production for Drag Me to Hell began on location in Tarzana, California. The production team included director of photography Peter Deming, production designer Steve Saklad and visual effects supervisor Bruce Jones. The film was produced by Grant Curtis and Rob Tapert. Tapert and Raimi are longtime collaborators, having attended college together in Michigan.
Editing
Drag Me to Hell was edited by Bob Murawski, who has collaborated with Raimi on several films including the Spider-Man series, The Gift, and Army of Darkness. Raimi has said of working with Murawski on Drag Me to Hell, "He'd come (down to the set) to see how things were going and to let me know if he'd just cut something that wasn't working the way he'd wanted it to, or to suggest a pick-up shot I should get for a piece he felt we needed in a sequence I hadn't realized I needed. He's very detail-oriented... So we're very close collaborators." Raimi finds editing with Murawski to be "relaxing", adding, "I love it. For me, it's so relaxing, unlike pre-production, which is fraught with anxiety and fear about how we're going to do things, and production, which is so rushed and a sleepless time and you're just racing to finish every shot and worrying about focus and so on. So post is soothing and I can watch the film come together, so it's a time of discovery for me as Bob and I fit all the pieces together. I see new possibilities in post, as Bob puts the film together, sometimes in a way I never imagined..." The film was edited by Murawski on an Avid computer system in a West Los Angeles facility. The color grading was completed at Company 3 with colorist Stephen Nakamura. Nakamura used DaVinci Resolve. It was CO3's first start-to-finish feature in 4K resolution. "For us, post is a very creative time where it's not just about this factory producing the blueprinted product. It's really a very creative, experimental time where we try and take everything that's been written and then shot to the next level," said Raimi. The final sound mix was completed at the Dub Stage in Burbank with mixers Marti Humphrey and Chris Jacobson.
Effects
The effects in Drag Me to Hell were created in many different ways, including green screen, puppets, prosthetics and computer-generated imagery. Bruce Jones was the visual effects supervisor on the film. Of Jones, Raimi commented, "He brought a great can-do approach to the film... He's got a great team of artists and technicians with him, and he's got great instincts."
There were hundreds of visual effects in the film, and different effects houses were utilized. According to Raimi, the Bay Area's Tippett Studio was a big player. "We also had work done by Amalgamated Pixels, Ghost VFX, KNB Effects, Home Digital, Cinesoup and IE Effects," said Raimi. According to Raimi, "Bob (Murawski) and I kept adding visual effects as post proceeded. In this film, the supernatural, the unseen, is almost another character, so sequences were developed — even in post — that would suggest the presence of the supernatural, and we kept on adding. The same with the sound effects, so it was a very ongoing, very live process in post."
Director of photography Peter Deming tried to use realistic lighting in the film. Said Deming, "Normally, you'd put all corrected bulbs in, but we went with what was there, including the shots in the street. We used the streetlight look and mixed that with interior lighting. There were a lot of odd color sources that we chose to leave the way they would be naturally. It's a heightened sense of realism." One of the earliest projects the special effects teams did was the scene in which Mrs. Ganush attacks Christine in her car. To film the action, which included close-ups of Christine jamming her foot on the pedal, hitting the brake, and shifting gears, the team created a puzzle car which allowed the front engine compartment and back trunk — as well as all four sides and doors — to come away from the car. The roof came off in two directions.
Soundtrack
The film score was composed by Christopher Young. Young has worked with director Raimi previously on his films The Gift and Spider-Man 3. The soundtrack was released on August 18, 2009. Sam Raimi stated that emphasis was on using the soundtrack to create a world that didn't exist, a world of the "supernatural". The score contains elements of Young's previous work on Flowers in the Attic. This is particularly apparent in the utilization of the ethereal childlike soprano vocals that feature prominently throughout the soundtrack.
All tracks composed by Christopher Young.
The soundtrack was released by Waxwork Records in 2018 on vinyl record.
Release
Drag Me to Hell was first shown to the public as a "Work in Progress" print at the South by Southwest festival on March 15, 2009. The film debuted in its full form at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, where it was shown out of competition on May 20, 2009, as a midnight screening.
Reception
Box office
The film was released in the United States on May 29, 2009. The film opened at #4 with $15.8 million from 2,900 screens at 2,508 theaters, an average of $6,310 per theater ($5,457 average per screen). In its second weekend, it dropped 56%, falling to #7, with $7 million, for an average of $2,805 per theater ($2,514 average per screen), and bringing the 10-day gross to $28,233,230. Drag Me to Hell closed on August 6, 2009, with a final gross in the United States and Canada of $42.1 million, and an additional $48.7 million internationally for a total of $90.8 million worldwide.
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 92% based on 270 reviews, and an average rating of 7.6/10. The site's critical consensus states, "Sam Raimi returns to top form with Drag Me to Hell, a frightening, hilarious, delightfully campy thrill ride." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 83 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B–" on an A+ to F scale.
Positive critical reception of the film generally praised the film's scary but humorous and campy tone. Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A rating, stating that "Raimi has made the most crazy, fun, and terrifying horror movie in years." Betsy Sharkey of the Los Angeles Times praised the film, stating that it "should not be dismissed as yet another horror flick just for teens. The filmmakers have given us a 10-story winding staircase of psychological tension that is making very small circles near the end." Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune described the film as a "hellaciously effective B-movie [that] comes with a handy moral tucked inside its scares, laughs and Raimi's specialty, the scare/laugh hybrid." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, and stated that the film "is a sometimes funny and often startling horror movie. That is what it wants to be, and that is what it is." In a positive review, Variety said of the film: "Scant and barren of subtext, the pic is single-mindedly devoted to pushing the audience's buttons... Still, there's no denying it delivers far more than competing PG-13 thrillers."
Bloody Disgusting gave the film four and a half stars out of five, with the review calling it "quite simply the most perfect horror film I've seen in a long, long while... [It's] a blast and moved quickly from start to finish [and] is well on its way to becoming an immediate classic." The film was then ranked thirteenth in Bloody Disgusting's list of the 'Top 20 Horror Films of the Decade'.
Kyle Smith of the New York Post thought it was cheesy, with too many "gross-outs", Rex Reed of The New York Observer thought that the plot wasn't believable enough, and Peter Howell of The Toronto Star disliked Lohman's performance and thought it was "just not very funny".
Reviews have also received the film as a comedy horror in a more classic Raimi vein. Vic Holtreman of Screenrant claims the film is a long-awaited movie that combines both genres as Army of Darkness had done. A reviewer at UGO Networks says that the film is very much more a comedy than horror and that this is in keeping with Raimi not having produced a "true horror" film since he began directing.
Accolades
The film was nominated for "Choice Movie: Horror/Thriller" at the 2009 Teen Choice Awards, which the film lost to Friday the 13th (2009). At the 2009 Scream Awards show, Drag Me to Hell won the awards for Best Horror Movie and Best Scream-play.
Home media
Drag Me to Hell was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in the US on October 13, 2009. Both media include an Unrated Director's Cut as well as the Theatrical Version. In its first two weeks the DVD sold 459,217 copies generating $7.98 million in sales. It since accumulated $13.9 million in DVD sales in the United States.
On February 13, 2018, Scream Factory released a two-disc Collector's Edition of Drag Me to Hell, which included both edits of the film remastered from the 2K digital intermediate, archival interviews and featurettes and all-new interviews with Alison Lohman, Lorna Raver and Christopher Young.
See also
Evil Dead
Hellbound, a 2021 South Korean TV series with a similar plot
Inferno, a 2016 film with a similar theme
List of ghost films
References
External links
Drag Me to Hell Full Production Notes
2009 films
2009 horror films
2000s supernatural films
American ghost films
American supernatural horror films
Demons in film
English-language films
Fictional representations of Romani people
Films about curses
American films about revenge
Films directed by Sam Raimi
Films scored by Christopher Young
Films set in 1969
Films set in 2009
Films set in Los Angeles
Films set in Pasadena, California
Hell in popular culture
Films about Romani people
Films with screenplays by Sam Raimi
Spanish-language films
Films about spirit possession
Universal Pictures films
Films about witchcraft
Films shot in Los Angeles |
17333155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasper%20Niesiecki | Kasper Niesiecki | Kasper Niesiecki (31 December 1682 – 9 July 1744), also known as Kacper Niesiecki, was a Polish heraldist, Jesuit, lexicographer, writer, theologian and preacher.
Biography
Niesiecki was born in Greater Poland to a burgher family. In 1699 he began training as a Jesuit in Kraków. From 1701 to 1704 he studied philosophy in Lublin, earning a master's degree. In 1707 Niesiecki started his studies in theology at the Jagiellonian University, graduating in 1711. He undertook further study in Lutsk, Krosno, Bydgoszcz, Chojnice and Kalisz.
Between 1715 and 1723 Niesiecki worked as a preacher in Masovia, Greater Poland, Lesser Poland and Ruthenia. He taught rhetoric in Bydgoszcz and Chojnice, and ethics and mathematics in Kalisz. From 1724 he lived in the monastery of Krasnystaw, where he engaged in his life's work, compiling the Herbarz Polski (Polish Armorial). Niesiecki died there on 9 July 1744.
The first volume of Herbarz Polski was published in 1728 in Lwów. Niesiecki wanted to write it in Latin, but his patron, Marianna from Potocki-Tarłowa, specified that it was to be published in Polish. Because Niesiecki tried to not use unverified sources and legends, he was opposed by the szlachta (Polish nobility). He continued with the work; however, there were delays in printing the next volumes. After the fourth volume was published attacks by the nobles increased; they sent letters of protest to his Polish and Roman superiors. Work on the fifth volume was interrupted by his death; it was completed by Stanisław Czapliński, but never published. In the opinion of historians, the work of Niesiecki obeys all world-standards of genealogy.
In the 19th century the armorial was expanded by several authors and published by Jan Nepomucen de Bobrowicz in Leipzig.
Polish Armorial
Herbarz Polski (Polish Armorial) full title: "Korona Polska przy złotey wolnosci starożytnemi Rycerstwa Polskiego y Wielkiego Xięstwa Litewskiego kleynotami naywyższymi Honorami Heroicznym, Męstwem y odwagą, Wytworną Nauką a naypierwey Cnotą, nauką Pobożnością, y Swiątobliwością ozdobiona Potomnym zaś wiekom na zaszczyt y nieśmiertelną sławę Pamiętnych w tey Oyczyźnie Synow podana TOM ... Przez X. Kaspra Niesieckego Societatis Jesu", Lviv, 1738.
"Korona Polska..." vol. 1
"Korona Polska..." vol. 2
"Korona Polska..." vol. 3
"Korona Polska..." vol. 4
edition expanded by other authors: Herbarz Polski... vol. 4-10, published by Jan Nepomucen de Bobrowicz, Leipzig, 1841
Herbarz Polski... - some volumes
See also
Polish literature
Polish heraldry
References
Coats of arms pictures from Herbarz Polski
18th-century Polish Jesuits
Polish male writers
Polish genealogists
1682 births
1744 deaths
Polish heraldists
Polish lexicographers
18th-century lexicographers |
23573082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opatovice%20I | Opatovice I | Opatovice I is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby village of the same name, Opatovice II within Uhlířské Janovice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pab%C4%9Bnice | Paběnice | Paběnice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
17333177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Barton%20Site | Fort Barton Site | The Fort Barton Site is the site of an historic American Revolutionary War fort, now located in a public park at Lawton and Highland Avenues in Tiverton, Rhode Island. All that remains of the fort are its earthworks, a roughly oblong structure about long and deep. The site was a defensive post overlooking the main ferry crossing between Tiverton and Aquidneck Island, which was under British control at the time of its construction in 1777. The ferry was used as a launching position for American forces during the Battle of Rhode Island in August 1778. The site was named after Lt. Col. William Barton who successfully captured the British General Prescott during a midnight raid on the British headquarters at Prescott Farm in what is now Portsmouth.
Fort Barton was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
External links
Fort History information
Barton
Buildings and structures in Tiverton, Rhode Island
Barton
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island
American Revolution on the National Register of Historic Places |
44496513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Fulignati | Andrea Fulignati | Andrea Fulignati (born 31 October 1994) is an Italian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Catanzaro.
Career
Born in Empoli, and a youth product of small Tuscan team Sestese, he was scouted by Palermo and signed for the Under-19 youth team in 2012. He successively became third-choice keeper for the first time in the following years.
In 2015 he was loaned out to Serie B club Trapani to get more first-team experience, but ended up playing only three games during the season, as Nícolas became the first choice.
He successively returned to Palermo in 2016 to be the reserve of Josip Posavec for the Serie A club. He made his debut in the Italian top flight on 12 March 2017 in a home match against Roma, lost with the result of 0–3. He successively managed to break into the starting lineup for the last remaining league games, eventually overtaking Posavec as first choice and playing a total eight games throughout the entire season.
On 27 July 2018, Fulignati joined to Serie A team Empoli a 3-years contract.
After only 6-month Fulignati joined to Ascoli until 30 June 2021.
On 31 January 2019, Fulignati joined to SPAL on loan until 30 June 2019.
On 2 September 2019, he joined Perugia on loan until 30 June 2021, with Nicola Leali moved to opposite direction. On 23 February 2021, he signed a new contract with Perugia until 30 June 2024.
On 28 June 2022, Fulignati signed a two-year contract with Catanzaro.
References
External links
Palermocalcio.it
1994 births
People from Empoli
Footballers from Tuscany
Living people
Italian footballers
Italy youth international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Palermo F.C. players
Trapani Calcio players
A.C. Cesena players
Empoli F.C. players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C. players
S.P.A.L. players
A.C. Perugia Calcio players
U.S. Catanzaro 1929 players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie D players
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan City of Florence |
23573085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertoltice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Pertoltice (Kutná Hora District) | Pertoltice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages and hamlets of Budkovice, Chlístovice, Laziště, Machovice and Milanovice are administrative parts of Pertoltice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
20469288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kean%20Soo | Kean Soo | Kean Soo is the creator of the children's comic character Jellaby. Born in Romford, England, but raised in Hong Kong, Soo is currently residing in Canada and was formally trained as an engineer.
Webcomics
Soo drew comics on-and-off in school, and began taking his hobby more seriously when he attended university, where he drew several short stories and comic strips. Soo started posting webcomics in Q3 2002, as an affordable alternative to printing minicomics. Soo was inspired by figures such as Patrick Farley, Kazu Kibuishi, Derek Kirk Kim, Jason Turner, and the people behind Pants Press. One of Soo's first longer webcomics was Elsewhere, which he drew on 24 Hour Comic Day.
Soo experimented much with the use of sound and music in webcomics in the early 2000s. He embedded MP3-files on the pages of his short webcomics such as Devil in the Kitchen, Bottle Up and Explode!, and Passing Afternoon. Soo found that different readers read the webcomics at different rates, which made it difficult sync up the images with the audio. However, he was not interested in using Adobe Flash to direct the user's experience, fearing that the webcomic would turn into a "musical slideshow." Instead, Soo sometimes used lyrics to pace the reader's experience, such as to ensure that readers would reach emotional climax of Bottle Up and Explode! just as the instrumental section of its accompanying song kicked in. Other times, such as for Snowstorm, the accompanying song is purely intended to convey and enhance the mood of the scene.
Career
In 2004, Soo became interested in working on a long-form project, and doodles of the "girl hugging a grub-like monster" Jellaby in his sketchbook caught his eye. Soo met Hope Larson, who had just moved to Toronto at the time, and he realized that his story idea was similar to that of Larson's Salamander Dream, which he had been reading online. Both he and Larson were interested in getting graphic novels published, so the two decided to launch a website to act as a venue to try to sell books to a publisher. The two created the website Secret Friend Society at the start of 2005, and about a year later Disney Press emailed him about their interest in publishing Jellaby. The first issue of Jellaby was eventually published by Disney's Hyperion in 2008.
Soo has had many collaborations and contributing works published. His work has been featured in the comic anthology Flight, and has acted as the anthology's assistant editor since Volume 2. He has also worked as an assistant on the children's graphic novel series Amulet, by Kazu Kibuishi.
Published works
March Grand Prix: The Race at Harewood, 2015
March Grand Prix: The Fast and the Furriest, 2015
March Grand Prix: The Baker's Run, 2015
Jellaby Volume One 2008
Jellaby, Monster in the City 2009
Flight Volume One (contributor) 2004
Flight Volume Two (contributor) 2005
Flight Volume Three (contributor) 2006
Flight Volume Five (contributor) 2008
Flight Explorer Volume One (contributor) 2008
Daisy Kutter: The Last Train (pin-up contributor) 2005
Notes
External links
Personal Homepage
Flight Comics Homepage
Canadian comics artists
Living people
Canadian webcomic creators
Canadian graphic novelists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
17333184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20G.%20Heider | Karl G. Heider | Karl Heider (born January 21, 1935) is an American visual anthropologist.
Life and education
Heider was born in Northampton, Massachusetts. Heider is the son of psychologists Fritz and Grace (née Moore) Heider. He had two brothers; John and Stephan.
After spending two years at Williams College, Heider transferred to Harvard College where he earned his B.A. in anthropology. Heider then spent a year touring Asia on a Sheldon Traveling Fellowship provided by Harvard. Returning to Harvard in 1958, Heider went on to earn an M.A. in 1959 and Ph.D. in 1966.
He was married to the psychologist Eleanor Rosch with whom he studied the Dani people. The couple divorced in the late 1970s.
Career
Heider's work ranged from psychological anthropology to visual anthropology.
It has included going into the West Papua region in the 1960s and 1990s, as well as producing works on ethnographic film making and writing on Indonesian cinema.
Filmography
Tikal (1961)
Dani Sweet Potatoes (1974)
Dani Houses (1974)
See also
Visual anthropology
Seeing Anthropology written by Karl G. Heider
Rashomon effect
External links
Interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 30th June 2007 (video)
Notes
1935 births
Williams College alumni
Harvard College alumni
Living people
American anthropologists |
44496518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykaminea%2C%20Larissa | Sykaminea, Larissa | Sykaminea (, ) is a village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the community of Karya of which it was a communal district. The 2011 census recorded 94 inhabitants in the village. The community of Sykaminea covers an area of 47.254 km2.
Population
According to the 2011 census, the population of the settlement of Sykaminea was 94 people, a decrease of almost 34% compared with the population of the previous census of 2001.
See also
List of settlements in the Larissa regional unit
References
Populated places in Larissa (regional unit) |
23573088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Scot%20Fry | Ron Scot Fry | Ron Scot Fry is the former entertainment and artistic director of the Bristol Renaissance Faire. He is also a college professor, a writer, director, artist and performer. He has two children.
Work history
Fry was the Artistic Director of the Bristol Renaissance Faire, from 1989 to 2009, Virginia Renaissance Faire, Renaissance Pleasure Faire in 2006 and 2007. While there, he wrote and directed dozens of staged works, designed several buildings including the charming Tuscany Tavern, two-story Public House and Cheshire Chase Action Stage. His accomplishments included design and construction of full scale dragon puppet, 10 foot tall jester puppet, among others. Fry was a teacher, designer, technician, and SAFD certified Fight Cast director and performer.
As Artistic director, Fry was a key player in the success of the Bristol Renaissance Faire. His approach to street theatre helped to make the Bristol Faire an interactive Renaissance Faire. In 1989, Fry started BAPA, the Bristol Academy for the Performing Arts, where young performers learned how to speak Olde English, fight with swords, interact with guests and develop improvisational skills. Fry brought in teachers from Chicago's Second City and The Players Workshop. He oversaw most of the acts at the Bristol Faire and directed all of the faire's scenario shows, much of the street theatre, and all new performers coming into BAPA.
Fry founded the Bristol Academy for the Performing Arts (BAPA), which held classes in movement, character development, street, commedia dell'arte, and improvisation.
In 2009, Fry helped transform the non-profit he founded in 1993 into Optimist Theatre and became the Founding Artistic Director for Shakespeare in the Park in Milwaukee, WI. An Equity company, producing full length, free outdoor productions.
References
External links
Bristol Faire website
Living people
American theatre directors
Renaissance fair
Year of birth missing (living people) |
17333217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy%20Sladen | Percy Sladen | Walter Percy Sladen (30 June 1849 – 11 June 1900) was an English biologist who specialised in starfish.
The son of a wealthy leather merchant, Sladen was born near Halifax, Yorkshire on 30 June 1849. He was educated at Hipperholme Grammar School and Marlborough College, but received no university training. As a young man he indulged his hobby of natural history, but soon become fascinated with echinoderms. In 1876 he was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London, and the following year became a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London. 1877 also saw the publication of his first paper, in which he split the sea-lily genus Poteriocrinus into four; in his lifetime, Sladen would gain a reputation as a "splitter" because of his proclivity for declaring specimens to belong to new genera or species. Late that year he began a long and fruitful collaboration with Duncan; which would see the publication of some 15 co-authored papers, many on fossils, over the course of twelve years.
From December 1878, Sladen spent three month at Naples under the auspices of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. His work there, on echinoderm pedicellariae, established his reputation as a leading authority on echinoderms, and in 1881 he was invited to organise and write up an account of the starfishes collected during the Challenger expedition. This would take him a decade to complete, and comprise nearly 1000 pages and 118 plates.
By 1890, Sladen married Constance Anderson of York. She was sister of Tempest Anderson the volcanologist, and Yarborough Anderson, a barrister.
Her father William Charles Anderson was a surgeon and Sheriff of York.
By that time Sladen was on the Committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Zoological Secretary of the Linnean Society of London, and also active in the Zoological Society of London and the Geological Society of London. He therefore relocated to London, at least temporarily. Unfortunately much of Sladen's later life was interrupted by poor health. In 1895 he was elected Vice-President of the Linnean Society, but only a few months later he gave up both this and his secretarial position because of health problems. He completed only two more papers before retiring in 1898 to an Exeter estate inherited on the death of his uncle. He died there two years later, on 11 June 1900.
Following his death, Sladen's wife helped preserve her husband's memory by donating his large collection of echinoderms to the Royal Albert Memorial Museum in Exeter, and endowing the Percy Sladen Memorial Trust, to be administered by the Linnean Society to support scientific research.
Honoria
The hatchetfish Argyropelecus sladeni was named after him.
See also
:Category:Taxa named by Percy Sladen
Notes
References
(alternative; retrieved 2016-12-15)
External links
1849 births
1900 deaths
English zoologists
Fellows of the Geological Society of London
Fellows of the Zoological Society of London
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
People educated at Marlborough College |
23573089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrovice%20I | Petrovice I | Petrovice I is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of the same name, Petrovice II.
Administrative parts
Villages of Hološiny, Michalovice, Senetín and Újezdec are administrative parts of Petrovice I.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
20469299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Tarragona%20Costa%20Daurada | Open Tarragona Costa Daurada | The Open Tarragona Costa Daurada was a tennis tournament held in Tarragona, Spain since 2006. The event was part of the ATP Challenger Tour and was played on outdoor clay courts.
Spanish player Alberto Martín detains the record for victories, two, in singles.
Past finals
Singles
Doubles
External links
Official website
ITF search
ATP Challenger Tour
Defunct tennis tournaments in Spain
Tarra |
Subsets and Splits